PMID- 669642
TI  - Experts exchange views on grievance procedures in hospitals.
AB  - Four participants in a roundtable discussion examined the specific grievance
      procedures of a nonunionized, not-for-profit, medium-sized hospital and of a
      partially unionized, not-for-profit, large teaching hospital. In doing so, they
      also raised questions, considerations, and guidelines that may be of interest to
      hospitals that already have or that are planning grievance procedures.

PMID- 669643
TI  - What administrators look for in their directors of pharmacy.
AB  - A questionnaire was sent to 160 hospital administrators in Southern California.
      The questionnaire sought to determine whether directors of pharmacy are good
      managers, how much time directors spend on administrative tasks, and which
      managerial skills are most valuable for a director of pharmacy to possess. The
      results of that questionnaire and a series of recommendations are presented.

PMID- 669644
TI  - The four Cs of food service.
AB  - This article focuses on the themes of cost containment, competence, compilance,
      and commitment in food service administration in the health care setting.
      Particular emphasis is given to cost containment and various ways to contain
      costs in the food service operation are presented.

PMID- 669645
TI  - Progress in professional service: nurse leaders queried.
AB  - Nursing service directors were asked to comment on the progress of key
      recommendations made by the National Commission for the Study of Nursing in the
      seven years since the Commission study was published. Their observations and
      responses are described here, along with conclusions and commentary by the author
      on the state of affairs in nursing.

PMID- 669646
TI  - Controlling absenteeism can help curb hospitals' costs.
AB  - Absenteeism involves costs associated with sick pay, overtime pay, decreased
      employee productivity, and less effective patient care. Hospital management and
      supervisors must minimize absenteeism and its costs by thoroughly recording and
      evaluating employees' attendance patterns, counseling and disciplining employees
      when necessary, and applying policies on attendance with consistency.

PMID- 669647
TI  - System cuts red tape for patients from admission to discharge.
AB  - One hospital's personalized admitting system is staffed by business
      representatives who perform a variety of liaison activities to ease patients'
      nonmedical experience in the hospital. For example, they expedite admissions,
      discharges, and transfers; make bed assignments; arrange patient transportation;
      supervise room cleaning on their units; verify patients' insurance coverage;
      provide financial counseling; and collect payment on bills.

PMID- 669648
TI  - Hospital-based educators take a look at their jobs.
AB  - Cost containment was high on the list of concerns at the annual meeting and
      conference of the American Society for Health Manpower Education and Training in
      New Orleans in June. Speakers exhorted attendees to look at their profession more
      closely to be sure that they are doing all that they should be doing.

PMID- 669649
TI  - National disease prevention strategy needed, Kennedy conferees conclude.

PMID- 669650
TI  - Government study questions boom in use of CT scanners.

PMID- 669651
TI  - Hospital upheld in operating unit on 'closed-staff' basis.

PMID- 669652
TI  - New childbirth care concept emphasizes family contact.

PMID- 669653
TI  - Hospital-based drinking drivers program established in South Bronx.

PMID- 669654
TI  - The cost watch: because of you, it's working!

PMID- 669655
TI  - Equal employment opportunities in hospitals.

PMID- 669656
TI  - Commercial carriers still dominate insurance coverage.

PMID- 669657
TI  - Litigation vs regulation.

PMID- 669658
TI  - Regulation--Hey! We're in this together.
AB  - If health care professionals and legislators work cooperatively to set goals and
      criteria, it may be possible to resolve the confusion about regulations.

PMID- 669659
TI  - Medical students, practitioners hold health fair at high school.
AB  - This health fair provides a model for introducing health care into a poor, urban,
      underserved community. Medical students, practitioners, health care institutions,
      school officials, and local businesses cooperated to provide a program that
      included physical examinations, educational sessions, entertainment, and
      information on health careers, especially for young people from "minority
      groups."

PMID- 669660
TI  - Psychiatric emergency service expands to serve total hospital.
AB  - A hospital with a comprehensive psychiatric service provides a nearby general
      hospital with staff and backup for psychiatric consultations, crisis
      intervention, concurrent psychiatric care of medical-surgical patients, follow-up
      for psychiatric hospitalization or referrals, and staff education. Personnel
      include senior psychiatrists and on-call residents, and the program relies
      heavily on use of psychiatric nursing clinical specialists and RNs with
      experience in psychiatric nursing.

PMID- 669662
TI  - Harris survey on "Hospital Care in America".

PMID- 669661
TI  - Cost containment and the states.

PMID- 669663
TI  - "Health happening" educates community, enhances hospital's image.
AB  - A health fair sponsored by St. Mary's Hospital, Lewiston, ME, demonstrated that
      the public is definitely interested in participating in its own health care.
      "Health Happening '77" thus proved to be a valuable public service as well as an
      effective marketing tool and image enhancer for the hospital.

PMID- 669664
TI  - Cardiovascular fitness program--a fringe benefit.
AB  - St. Marys Hospital Medical Center, Madison, WI, initiated an exercise counseling
      and activity program for its 1,400 employees. With professional guidance
      employees are encouraged to become involved in appropriate and enjoyable forms of
      exercise that will improve and maintain their cardiovascular health and overall
      well-being. The hospital believes that this is one of the first programs of its
      kind in a hospital setting.

PMID- 669665
TI  - Medical economics and morality: the conflict of canons.
AB  - The more the economics of cost containment becomes an ideology, taking on a moral
      tone, the more it conflicts with the traditional medical morality. Looking at the
      canons of "good" economics in health care and at the canons of "good" medicine
      and examining the potential conflicts may point to methods of equilibrating their
      opposing tendencies.

PMID- 669666
TI  - The last resort: regulation by law.
AB  - Within the health professions the diminished constraint of conscience and custom
      upon aggrandizement, acquisitiveness, and exploitation has given rise to the
      increased role of the government in regulating health care delivery. This
      situation will continue to exist in direct proportion to the public's convictions
      that the private sector is incapable of satisfying public expectations.
      Conversely, when the health care profession, as a whole, recommits itself to a
      sense of stewardship and accountability to patients and the community, the
      present system of regulation will pass.

PMID- 669667
TI  - Study shows ESP reduced hospitals' profitability.
AB  - A study of the Economic Stabilization Program's impact on North and South
      Carolina hospitals indicates potential effects of more government controls. The
      study results may be useful in appropriately informing and influencing those
      pressing for new cost containment legislation.

PMID- 669668
TI  - Author updates energy article.

PMID- 669669
TI  - Study confirms values of ovulation method.
AB  - In order to determine the effectiveness of the ovulation method in spacing or
      achieving pregnancy as well as couple satisfaction with the method, the Natural
      Family Planning  Program of St. Vincent Hospital, Green Bay, WI, studied 453
      couples who had participated in the program. The program's director reports that
      the study results suggest the method provides a safe, effective approach to birth
      control and assists some women to become pregnant who have not succeeded prior to
      using this method.

PMID- 669670
TI  - Corporate evangelization: pooling generosity and competence.
AB  - The conditions of the society in which we live oblige those providing health care
      to use every means available to bring the Christian message to the people they
      serve. Only if individuals and religious communities unite in their efforts to
      provide total care and healing to persons in need can the goal of true
      evangelization be achieved.

PMID- 669671
TI  - Reorienting staff attitudes toward the dying.
AB  - After assessing the kind of care it was providing to terminally ill patients and
      their families, Holy Cross Hospital of Silver Spring (MD) committed itself to a
      more balanced program of care that included the creation of a thanatology
      department, implementation of special educational programs for hospital
      personnel, and exploration of the possibility of establishing a hospice care
      concept at the hospital.

PMID- 669672
TI  - Labor Law Reform bill won't create "push button unionism".

PMID- 669673
TI  - Citizens group failed to halt closing of acute care unit.

PMID- 669674
TI  - ER physician sued for failure to remove metal fragment.

PMID- 669675
TI  - Court directed hospital to permit laetrile treatment.

PMID- 669676
TI  - Functional anatomy of the kidney.
AB  - Initiating a new series of articles on renal function in health and disease, this
      article describes the ultrastructure of the kidney's basic unit, the nephron, as
      revealed in recent years by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. With
      greater appreciation of its morphology and cellular architecture has come new
      understanding of the functional relationships among the nephron's individual
      components.

PMID- 669677
TI  - Asthma in adults II: the patient in status asthmaticus.
AB  - A life-threatening emergency requiring intensive hospital care, status
      asthmaticus responds to therapy with aminophylline, epinephrine, and steroids.
      Spirometry and blood gas measurements are used to follow the patient's progress.

PMID- 669678
TI  - Biology of the kidney in health and disease--a new series.

PMID- 669679
TI  - Hereditary factors in alcoholism.
AB  - Being born to an alcoholic parent clearly raises the risk that a man will become
      an alcoholic, as shown by studies of adopted sons of alcoholic and nonalcoholic
      biologic parents. Being raised by an alcoholic parent, however, seems not to
      increase this risk. Alcoholics may possess some sort of biochemical tolerance for
      alcohol, perhaps based on more efficient detoxification mechanisms than those of
      moderate drinkers.

PMID- 669680
TI  - Neonatal 'thick blood' syndrome.
AB  - It has long been known that neonatal hyperviscosity can produce serious central
      nervous system consequences, including paresis. In recent years, it has been
      shown that his condition occurs in approximately 5% of newborns and that partial
      plasma exchange transfusion can lower the hematocrit and may help prevent
      sequelae. Simple screening of all neonates four hours after birth is recommended
      so that treatment can be given early.

PMID- 669681
TI  - Facial deformity in a child.

PMID- 669682
TI  - Surgery for stroke: bypass and other approaches widen use.

PMID- 669683
TI  - A lump in the neck.

PMID- 669684
TI  - Nuclear techniques in myocardial disease: 'cold spot' scanning.

PMID- 669685
TI  - Nuclear techniques in myocardial disease: 'hot spot' scanning.

PMID- 669686
TI  - Nuclear techniques in myocardial disease: gated blood pool scanning.

PMID- 669687
TI  - Coming! Holistic medicine.

PMID- 669688
TI  - Centralizing O R inventory management to effect cost reductions.

PMID- 669689
TI  - Improved supervision through better communication.

PMID- 669690
TI  - The future of the purchasing agent: material management as a profession.

PMID- 669692
TI  - What do you consider the major tasks and scope of responsibility of the modern
      materiel manager?

PMID- 669691
TI  - What is considered to be an appropriate policy and procedure for compliance with
      the prudent buyer principle?

PMID- 669693
TI  - Train? Who? Me!

PMID- 669694
TI  - How the new labor law amendments will affect your institution.

PMID- 669695
TI  - Self-insurance: considerations and decision making.

PMID- 669696
TI  - Health facility preventive maintenance: increased need in a fiscal crisis.

PMID- 669697
TI  - Coming: the multi-institutional system.

PMID- 669698
TI  - The Aarskog syndrome.
AB  - In this report a description is given of the Aarskog syndrome in six males
      belonging to three different families. Partial expression of the syndrome was
      confirmed in two of the three examined obligate female heterozygotes, who had
      short stature, small hands and feet, short neck, and a round face with widow's
      peak and, in one of them, ptosis of the eyelids.

PMID- 669699
TI  - Are NORs easily translocated to deleted chromosomes?
AB  - The karyotype of two human meningiomas are reported in which, besides other
      aberrations, a deleted chromosome 1 and 6 could be observed. In these chromosomes
      most of the short arm is missing. After silver staining for the detection of
      NORs, not only the satellite regions of most of the acrocentric chromosomes were
      stained but also the deleted ends of chromosomes 1 and 6. Besides other
      explanations for this unusual NOR-staining, the possibility is discussed that
      NORs of acrocentric chromosomes are easily translocated to deleted chromosomes.

PMID- 669700
TI  - Cytologic observations in 35 individuals with a 5p- karyotype.
AB  - Chromosome investigation of 35 individuals with a 5p- karyotype and their
      families revealed the presence of 27 apparently terminal deletions, four
      interstitial deletions, and four translocations, including two familial cases.
      Four of the probands with simple deletions and one of the mother were mosaics.
      Unusual chromosomal heteromorphism, as rendered visible after acridine orange
      staining, was observed on the short arm of chromosome 14 in two cases and, after
      heterochromatin staining, on chromosome 19 in one family. Measurement studies,
      carried out in probands with simple deletions and in two control groups, showed a
      short-arm loss clustering between 32% and 62% of the normal short-arm length.
      Using at least two complementary staining methods per proband, we found that the
      midportion of the 5p15 segment probably must be deleted to develop the typical
      clinical features of the cri du chat syndrome.

PMID- 669701
TI  - Mitotic cycles in human cell strains with sex chromosomes aneuploidy.
AB  - A persistence of the embryonic type of mitotic cycle was found in postnatal
      strains with aneuploidy of sex chromosomes (45,X; 47,XXX; 49,XXXXX; 47,XYY;
      49,XXXXY). Life-span and proliferating activity of the strains did not differ
      from those of diploid postnatal cells.

PMID- 669702
TI  - Triosephosphate isomerase deficiency with hemolytic anemia and severe
      neuromuscular disease: familial and biochemical studies of a case found in Spain.
AB  - A 16-month-old girl of Spanish origin with chronic hemolytic anemia and severe
      neuromuscular disease was found to have markedly reduced triosephosphate
      isomerase (TPI) activity in her erythrocytes, leukocytes, and plateletes. Both
      parents and some other family members had moderately reduced erythrocyte TPI
      activity in accordance with the autosomal recessive mode of inheritance in this
      enzymopathy. Latex ingestion and latex-stimulated histochemical NBT reduction by
      the patient's granulocytes were normal. Zymosan-stimulated superoxide radical (O
      .2) formation, not previously studied in TPI-deficient granulocytes, was also
      within normal limits. Starchgel electrophoresis of TPI in both erythrocytes and
      leukocytes of the proposita and her parents was normal. Molecular studies of
      deficient TPI showed a normal kinetic pattern with markedly reduced heat
      instability. Immunologic studies demonstrated no cross reacting material in
      proposita leukocytes and a normal molecular specific activity. These studies
      suggest that molecular instability might cause both enzymatic and antigenic
      degradation of the TPI molecule and, therefore, TPI deficiency in our patient.

PMID- 669703
TI  - Genetic and biosynthetic studies of families carrying hemoglobin J alpha Mexico:
      association of alpha-thalassemia with HbJ.
AB  - Hemoglobin J Mexico, an alpha chain mutant, was studied in eight unrelated
      Algerian families. The quantities of the abnormal hemoglobin in 116 subjects are
      trimodally distributed: 55% in homozygotes, 31% and 38% in heterozygotes. Both
      hematological data and the alpha/beta chain biosynthetic ratio are normal in
      heterozygotes with 31% Hb J and in homozygotes. In contrast, the MCV and MCH as
      well as the alpha/beta biosynthetic ratio are slightly reduced in heterozygotes
      with 38% Hb J and in their relatives carrying Hb A. The elevated expression of
      alphaJ chains in heterozygotes with 38% Hb J may be due to an alpha thalassemia
      gene trans to the alphaJ locus.

PMID- 669704
TI  - The HLA system and leprosy in Thailand.
AB  - To investigate immunogenetics of leprosy, 205 leprosy patients (26 with
      tuberculoid, 57 with borderline-tuberculoid, 21 with borderline, 31 with
      borderline-lepromatous, and 70 with lepromatous leprosy) have been typed for HLA
      antigens, and compared with 183 healthy controls from the same region (Northern
      Thailand). There was no significant difference between the overall group of
      leprosy patients or the three borderline classes and the controls. The two polar
      forms, tuberculoid and lepromatous leprosy, however, showed significant
      associations: HLA-A2 is decreased and HLA-Bw17 is increased in tuberculoid
      leprosy; HLA-B7 is increased in lepromatous leprosy. When both polar forms are
      compared with each other, HLA-A2 is significantly higher, HLA-Bw40 lower in
      patients with lepromatous than in those with tuberculoid leprosy. The results are
      discussed with respect to the different immune responsiveness in the two polar
      forms of leprosy.

PMID- 669705
TI  - Distribution of G6PD phenotypes in red blood cells of Southern African Negroids:
      evidence for somatic selection.
AB  - In a recent population study, we observed a striking deficit of G6PD
      heterozygotes among Southern African Negroid females. This finding was
      interpreted tentatively as evidence for a small number of hematopoetic stem cells
      in man. In a follow-up study we examined peripheral blood and cord blood in 547
      mothers and in their newborn offspring. In mothers and sons, the frequencies of
      the G6PD alleles are apparently quite different. When the allele frequencies
      determined in sons are used for calculation of the expected phenotype frequencies
      in mothers and daughters, there is a large deficit of maternal G6PD AB
      phenotypes, and an equivalent surplus of G6PD homozygotes. However, no relevant
      heterozygote deficit is observed in newborn daughters. This discrepancy may be
      explained by the assumption that in peripheral blood of heterozygotes carrying
      the GdA- allele, G6PD-deficient cells progressively become eliminated during
      development from birth to adulthood. In other words, the large heterozygote
      deficit observed in adult females may be due to somatic selection rather than to
      a small pool of hematopoetic cells at the time of X differentiation.

PMID- 669706
TI  - Interstitial deletion of chromosome 7 detected in three unrelated patients.
AB  - Chromosome studies were carried out on three patients for the following reasons:
      (1) growth retardation and mental subnormality in a boy; (2) marked developmental
      delay in a female infant; (3) routine check on a man whose wife had a stillborn
      with congenital anomalies. An interstitial deletion at 7q11::7q21 was observed in
      all three cases.

PMID- 669707
TI  - Familial occurrence of a syndrome with mental retardation, nasal hypoplasia,
      peripheral dysostosis, and blue eyes in Japanese siblings.
AB  - Two Japanese siblings, a 2-year-old girl and a 7-month-old boy, had a syndrome of
      mental retardation, severe nasal hyp9plasia, peripheral dysostosis, and blue
      eyes. The mother showed nasal hyp9plasia of lesser degree and a mild form of
      peripheral dysostosis. This disorder bears a striking similarity to
      acrodysostosis, but in view of certain novel features its relationship to the
      disease is uncertain. The mode of inheritance could be either dominant with
      variable expressivity or autosomal recessive.

PMID- 669708
TI  - Assignment of NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase (DIA1 locus) to human chromosome 22.
AB  - NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase (DIA1, EC. 1.6.2.2) from human fibroblasts and from
      Chinese hamster cells, both identified by immunologic studies, were clearly
      distinguished after polyacrylamide gel isoelectro-focusing followed by staining
      for NADH diaphorase activity. In thirteen independent man-hamster hybrids, the
      human enzyme DIA1 presented a positive correlation with the human chromosome G22.
      Eight hybrids were DIA1(+) G22(+) and five hybrids were DIA1(-) G22(-). These
      data agree with the recent assignment of DIA1 to chromosome G22 by Fisher et al.
      (1977a). We assume that this newly assigned locus codes for both soluble and
      microsomal forms of NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase.

PMID- 669709
TI  - 10q(q23 leads to qter) duplication: GOTs, HK1, and other gene markers.
AB  - Gene marker analyses have been carried out in a patient with 10q(q23 leads to
      qter) duplication. The observed elevation of red cell glutamic oxaloacetic
      transaminase activity is compatible with earlier somatic cell hybridization
      studies that mapped the locus to this region. Hexokinase-1 activity in the red
      cells was normal,which is consistent with its prior assignment to the unaffected
      part of chromosome 10(10pter leads to q23).

PMID- 669710
TI  - Nucleoli of cultured human lymphocytes. II. Nuceolar fusion and its relation to
      acrocentric association.
AB  - Nucleolar fusion and nucleolus formation occurred simultaneously, immediately
      after mitosis, in cultured human lymphocytes. Evidence is presented that in late
      telophase and post-telophase, the individual nucleolar organising site includes
      two components, represented in post-telophase by the nucleolus and its attached
      process; that fusion can be either directly between the nucleoli or via the
      processes; and that the latter type of fusion persists into metaphase as
      acrocentric associations, whilst the former is lost.

PMID- 669711
TI  - Genetic polymorphism of the second component of human complement (C2):
      presentation of a modified typing technique and data on C2 phenotype
      distribution, linkage genetics, and haplotype associations a Norwegian family
      material.
AB  - Proteins were separated by prolonged isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels,
      whereupon C2 bands were detected by a specific hemolytic assay. This was
      performed by treating the gel with iodine to increase C2 activity, and then
      developing C2 bands with an agarose gel overlay containing sensitized sheep cells
      and diluted human serum as a complement source deficient in functional C2. The
      gene frequencies observed in a material of 122 unrelated adults were: C2(1): 0.97
      and C2(2): 0.03. C2 linkage relations and C2 haplotype associations have been
      examined a family material. It is concluded that C2 is very closely linked to HLA
      loci.

PMID- 669712
TI  - Evidence for a 'silent allele' GLO0 at the glyoxalase I locus.
AB  - In a three-generation family, the segregation of an apparent silent allele at the
      GLO I locus in association with the rare HLA haplotype 'AW30-CW4-BW35' was
      observed in four members. In two cases the assumption of homozygosity at the GLO
      locus would lead to mother-child exclusions. Phenotypically, the GLO activity in
      the GLO0 carriers is clearly diminished.

PMID- 669713
TI  - Trisomy-8 mosaicism: report of a case.
AB  - An 8-year-old male with mental retardation, speech difficulties, and minor
      congenital anomalies is presented. The clinical findings suggest the trisomy-8
      syndrome. The karyotype indicates trisomy-8 mosaicism with trisomic as well as
      normal cell lines in blood lymphocytes.

PMID- 669714
TI  - Patau's syndrome and 13q21q translocation.
AB  - This paper reports the case of a one-day-old male child presenting the typical
      features of Patau's syndrome. The cytogenetic study by means of conventional
      techniques and GTG and QFQ banding techniques showed that the chromosomal pattern
      of the propositus was 46,XYq+,-21,+t(13q21q) 15ps+,22ps+, and that the
      nondisjunction that originated the translocation and trisomy had occurred in the
      mother.

PMID- 669715
TI  - Terminal deletion of the long arm of chromosome 1 in a malformed newborn.
AB  - Microcephaly and craniofacial dysmorphia, cleft palate, cardiac malformation, and
      hypospadias are observed in a child with 46,XY,del (1)(q42).

PMID- 669716
TI  - Partial deletion 10q.
AB  - The patient described represents the first reported case of partial deletion 10q.
      The patient is compared to the partial trisomy 10q syndrome.

PMID- 669717
TI  - Ring chromosome 3 in a retarded boy.
AB  - We present a boy with the karyotype 46,XY,r3 and a phenotype with psychomotor and
      growth retardation, craniofacial anomalies, syndactyly of the toes, and edema of
      the feet. The karyotypes and phenotypes of both parents are normal.

PMID- 669718
TI  - Balanced and unbalanced pericentric inversion of a chromosome 14.
AB  - Description of a pericentric inversion of a chromosome 14 with breakpoints at p11
      and q23 leading to duplication-deficiency as a result of crossing over.

PMID- 669719
TI  - Investigations on the PGMa1 polymorphism (phosphoglucomutase--EC 2.7.5.1) by
      isoelectric focusing.
AB  - The determination of phosphoglucomutase (PGM1) phenotypes was performed by
      isoelectric focusing on samples from 1678 unrelated individuals from Hessen,
      Germany. Ten common phenotypes are considered as gene products of four alleles at
      the PGM1 locus with the following frequencies: PGMa1(1) = 0.6305, PGMa2(1) =
      0.1844, PGMa3(1) = 0.1320, and PGMa4(1) = 0.0530. Twenty-two different mating
      types were observed in 113 families with 202 children. The segregation of the
      phenotypes in the offspring supports the assumed way of autosomal codominant
      inheritance. The example of a silent allele (PGM0(1)) as well as a rare variant
      (PGM7(1)) is reported.

PMID- 669720
TI  - Malate dehydrogenase types in the Asian-Pacific area, and a description of new
      phenotypes.
AB  - A survey of more than 21 000 haemolysates from blood samples collected in various
      parts of south and southeast Asia, Australasia and the Western Pacific and
      examined in this laboratory has revealed several new alleles controlling variants
      of sMDH; in addition, further information has been provided on the distribution
      of sMDH3 in New Guinea. Two of the variant alleles, sMDH3 and sMDH6, achieve
      polymorphic frequency in various populations. sMDH3 is widely distributed in New
      Guinea, with highest frequencies in the Eastern Highlands. The pattern of its
      distribution suggests the mutant arose originally in a Papuan-speaking
      population. So far, sMDH6 has been detected only in Micronesians from a number of
      islands in the Carolines. A single example of another new variant, sMDH 5-1, and
      two examples of a slow variant, sMDH 7-1, were detected in samples from Iran and
      Singapore, respectively. No examples of mMDH variants were found in a total of
      652 placental extracts from Papua New Guinea and Australia.

PMID- 669721
TI  - A variant glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Gd(-) Chiapas associated with
      moderate enzyme deficiency and occasional hemolytic anemia.
AB  - Erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate deficiency is an X-chromosomal-linked hereditary
      trait often associated with hemolytic anemia. This report defines a new variant
      designated as Gd(-) Chiapas, which was found in a subject with occasional
      hemolytic jaundice. The red cell enzyme activity of the subject is about 15% of
      normal. The variant enzyme is thermolabile in vitro and has faster-than-normal
      anodal electrophoretic mobility and stronger-than-normal substrate affinity. The
      patient's hemolytic problem might be correlated with instability of the variant
      enzyme under physiologic stress.

PMID- 669722
TI  - Transferrin: evidence for two common subtypes of the TfC allele.
AB  - Evidence is presented for an extended polymorphism of human transferrin (Tf).
      Three common phenotypes were observed among TfC individuals after isoelectric
      focusing of sera on polyacrylamide gels. They are explained in terms of two
      subtypes of the TfC allele, tentatively designated TfC1 and TfC2. The
      distribution of the phenotypes Tf C1, C2-1, and C2 provides a good fit to the
      Hardy-Weinberg equation. In our population sample (n = 942) the following
      frequencies were calculated: TfC1 = 0.8195, TfC2 = 0.1720, TfB2 = 0.0064, TfB1-2
      = 0.0016, and TfD1 = 0.0005. Family studies (n = 112) indicate an autosomal
      codominant way of inheritance. The observed subheterogeneity is detectable in
      purified transferrin after isofocusing and subsequent immunofixation. The
      subtypes are still present after treatment of sera with neuraminidase.

PMID- 669723
TI  - Distribution of C3 phenotypes in North India: a pilot study.
AB  - The commonly occurring phenotypes and some rare variants of C3 were studied in a
      North Indian population. Based on known gene frequencies, the Indian population
      seemed more akin to Mongol, African, and Afghan populations than to Caucasians.

PMID- 669724
TI  - DNA, RNA and protein content of tissue during growth and embryogenesis in wild
      carrot suspension cultures.
AB  - A highly selected population of cells (clumps from 63 to 125 micron in diameter),
      obtained by screening 14-day-old stock suspension cultures of wild carrot (Daucus
      carota L.), was used to initiate cultures in this study. Time-course changes in
      DNA, RNA and protein were followed when these cultures were grown in the presence
      or absence of 2.25 muM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The data show that
      growth of these cultures, particularly in the early part of the growth curve, is
      different from that in most other studies reported on suspension cultures
      initiated without screening. The gross compositional analysis shows that this
      difference stems from the very high RNA:DNA and protein: DNA ratios of the
      cellular material used as the inoculum in this study. The presence of 2,4-D in
      the medium promoted total RNA and protein levels. Correlations were sought
      between the appearance of embryos in the absence of exogenous 2,4-D and gross
      compositional differences developing in cultures grown in the presence and
      absence of 2,4-D. The handling of cultures during inoculation appeared to have
      led to a substantial loss of DNA. This had, however, little effect on dry weight
      or protein content of the tissue.

PMID- 669725
TI  - Expression of fetal antigens in fetal and adult cells during long-term culture.
AB  - Expression of fetal antigens in early and late passages of tissue culture cells
      derived from C3H/HeN and C57BL/KaLw mouse fetal cells and from lung tissue of
      young C57BL/6N mice was investigated by the isotopic antiglobulin technique. The
      late passage lines of fetal cells had undergone "spontaneous" neoplastic
      transformation in culture. The antisera were produced by syngeneic immunization
      with 5000 R x-irradiated tissues from C3H/HeN and C57BL/6N fetuses of 1 to 2
      weeks gestation. Fetal antigens were found to be retained even after 5 years in
      cell lines derived from fetal tissues. In these lines no consistent change in
      fetal antigen expression could be correlated with neoplastic transformation. In
      contrast, the early passages of adult cells did not have detectable amounts of
      fetal antigens. However, fetal antigen(s) was demonstrated in cells of the late
      passages, and cells of both lines grew as sarcomas when next assayed 55 days
      later. In addition, fetal antigens were also present in established tumor lines
      in culture.

PMID- 669726
TI  - Callus formation versus differentiation of cultured barley embryos: hormonal and
      osmotic interactions.
AB  - The effect of various plant growth substances as single agents was evaluated in a
      complex tissue culture system: whole embryo culture of early differentiating
      barley embryos. Callus formation in unsupplemented medium derives from the
      mesocotyl and is uniquely characteristic of cultures initiated at this stage of
      embryonic development. This phenomenon could be prevented or reversed by
      incorporation of gibberellic acid in the medium resulting in plantlet formation.
      Indoleacetic acid enhanced callus growth, whereas kinetin did not promote either
      callus or meristematic development. Callus tissue markedly accumulated starch,
      effectively lowering the cellular osmolarity, while inducing a corresponding rise
      in the osmolarity of the culture medium. This osmotic pattern was reversed by
      gibberellic acid induction of shoot formation. These osmotic-hormonal
      interactions are interpreted relative to in vivo, in situ normal embryogeny or
      developmental lesions such as tumors.

PMID- 669727
TI  - Cell cycle analysis and synchronization of the TN-368 insect cell line.
AB  - A cell cycle analysis of the Trichoplusia ni (TN-368) insect cell line is
      described. By means of autoradiography and percent labeled metaphase data, the
      cell cycle parameters were determined to be as follows: S, 4.5 hr; G2, 8.5 hr; M,
      0.5 hr; G1, 1.0 hr; the total cell time being 14.5 hr. A synchronization
      procedure using 50 mM thymidine in a double block procedure was used to provide a
      method of obtaining a large number of cells in particular cell cycle phases,
      especially S and G2.

PMID- 669728
TI  - In vitro analysis of proliferating epithelial cell populations from the mouse
      mammary gland: fibroblast-free growth and serial passage.
AB  - Normal and neoplastic mouse mammary epithelial cells were cultured in nutrient
      medium containing D-valine substituted for L-valine. Fibroblast overgrowth was
      prevented and epithelial cell functions and morphology were retained in cultures
      maintained in D-valine medium up to 2 months. A nonenzymatic technique was
      devised to dissociate epithelial cell monolayers. The combined use of this
      dissociation buffer and D-valine nutrient medium made it possible to passage
      serially normal and neoplastic mammary epithelial cells. Normal cells were
      derived from mammary glands of animals stimulated with exogenous hormones for
      various periods. The period of in vivo hormonal stimulation influenced the
      ability of normal mammary epithelial cells to attach and proliferate in primary
      and serially passaged cultures. A greater proportion of cells derived from glands
      following 2 to 4 weeks of hormonal stimulation were recovered after replating and
      showed higher labeling indices during serial passage than cells from unstimulated
      or 5- to 7-week stimulated groups.

PMID- 669729
TI  - Transforming activities of trichloroethylene and proposed industrial
      alternatives.
AB  - Three chlorinated hydrocarbons, proposed or already in use as industrial
      substitutes for the hydrocarbon trichloroethylene, were tested for in vitro
      transforming potential in a Fischer rat embryo cell system (F1706), which
      previously has been shown to be sensitive to transformation by chemical
      carcinogens. Trichloroethylene and the three substitutes (1, 1, 1
      trichloroethane, tetrachloroethylene and methylene chloride) all were found to
      induce transformation, the three substitutes being equal or more efficient
      transforming agents.

PMID- 669730
TI  - Development of plants from leaf discs of variegated Coleus and its relation to
      patterns of leaf chlorosis.
AB  - Leaf discs approximately 8 mm in diameter taken from green and from chlorotic
      areas of variegated leaves of Coleus were grown in light under sterile conditions
      in a mineral salt, sucrose, vitamin medium supplemented with auxin and cytokinin.
      Green shoots, which later formed roots, grew from both green and chlorotic discs
      in media containing suitable amounts of auxin and cytokinin. None developed in
      media supplemented with auxin alone or with cytokinin alone. Discs with young
      plants were transferred to soil. Plants that grew varied widely from those with
      no chlorosis to those with more chlorosis than the original variety from which
      the discs were taken. Plants grown from discs taken from green areas of leaves
      with chlorosis varied in patterns of chlorosis as much as those that grew from
      discs from chlorotic areas of leaves.

PMID- 669731
TI  - In vitro growth of embryos and callus of coconut palm.
AB  - A medium for optimal growth of embryos of Jamaican Tall and Green Malayan Dwarf
      varieties of coconut palm was developed. The Liquid basal Murashige and Skoog
      medium was supplemented with coconut milk, IAA and 2IP. Activated charcoal
      improved embryo growth on agar medium. A single callus line was initiated from
      solid endosperm and subcultured on basal Schenk and Hildebrandt medium
      supplemented with 2 mg per 1 NAA. Attempts at inducing organogenesis in the
      callus were unsuccessful. No vascular tissue was present. The callus was
      aneuploid with the chromosome number = 8 (normal 2n = 32).

PMID- 669732
TI  - Twenty-ninth annual meeting of the Tissue Culture Association, June 4-8, 1978,
      Denver, Colorado. Annual meeting abstracts.

PMID- 669733
TI  - "An overview of the scientist's responsibilities: comments by an ethicist".

PMID- 669734
TI  - Characterization of normal human embryo cells grown to over 100 population
      doublings.
AB  - Normal human embryonic cells were subcultured for over 100 population doublings
      without modification of the basic medium. The cells were evaluated for growth
      rate, confluent density, chromosome stability, growth in soft agar, ability to
      hydrolyze casein and tumorigenicity. The cells possessed the characteristics of
      normal cells. The batch of serum used to supplement the medium was found to be of
      primary importance in the long-term growth of this cell culture.

PMID- 669735
TI  - A diploid rat liver cell culture. IV. Malignant transformation by aflatoxin B1.
AB  - Chronic exposure of a cloned rat hepatocyte culture (RL-PR-C) to a subtoxic,
      sublethal dose of aflatoxin B1 resulted in malignant transformation. Continuous
      exposure to aflatoxin B1 caused increasing tumorigenic potential as tested by
      back injection into isogenic animals. Control cultures exhibited spontaneous
      transformation, although approximately 20 passages beyond the chemically induced
      event. Neither aflatoxin-treated nor control cultures exhibited cytopathological
      morphology, formation of cell foci, growth in soft agar, or irregular fibroblast
      like growth patterns that could be specifically related to the onset of
      tumorigenic potential. In general, those parameters commonly used to monitor
      fibroblast cultures for transformation in vitro were not applicable for assessing
      the tumorigenic potential of these epithelial cells. Karyotypic analyses revealed
      no specific chromosomal aberrations associated with aflatoxin treatment; however,
      chromosomal instability was a property of the tumorigenic cell populations.
      Injection of both aflatoxin-treated and control cultures at passage 56 resulted
      in tumors indicative of both carcinoma and sarcoma indicating to us the
      multipotency of these epithelial cells transformed in vitro.

PMID- 669736
TI  - Influence of 0.5 ppm nitrogen dioxide exposure of mice of macrophage congregation
      in the lungs.
AB  - The lungs of 12 mice, half of which were exposed to continuous 0.5 ppm nitrogen
      dioxide for 3 weeks, were explanted in culture, and the instances of macrophage
      congregation were quantitated according to numbers of target cells involved,
      categories of congregation from three to 11 or more, numbers of macrophages
      participating in each category for the total cultures, and the influence of
      delaying explantation for 24 and 96 hr. A total of 9042 macrophages and 2140
      epithelial and spindle target cells were counted in the outgrowths from 306
      explants. The incidence of macrophage congregation (or numbers of target cells)
      was greater for the cultures from the NO2-exposed animals, both with respect to
      total incidences between groups (p leads to) and the 0-hr (p less than 0.001) and
      24-hr (p less than 0.01) culture subgroups. In addition, the values for T3 to T6
      macrophage congregation were individually and consistently greater for the
      exposed animal group. Postmortem interval stress at 96 hr appeared to result in
      large colonies, but they were reduced greatly in number. Also the incidence of
      macrophage congregation fell by 28% as compared to 0-hr and 24-hr subgroups.

PMID- 669737
TI  - Long-term storage of tissue samples for cell culture.
AB  - The establishment of cultured cell lines from skin biopsies stored at -196
      degrees C for periods up to 1 year has been investigated. Attempts to initiate
      cell cultures from the frozen tissue samples were uniformly successful. There was
      no alteration in chromosome constitution, morphological appearance, or specific
      activities of lysosomal enzymes in cells cultured from the stored samples. This
      process can safeguard against failure of the initial tissue culture and provide
      an alternate means of storing viable cells when it is impossible or impractical
      to initiate a cell culture immediately.

PMID- 669738
TI  - Terminal bronchiolar-alveolar (TB-A) units in circumfusion system cultures.
AB  - Long-term (more than 75 days) recirculating circumfusion system cultures of 15
      day fetal mouse lungs gave rise to terminal bronchiolar-alveolar (TB-A) units
      detached from the respiratory tree. TB-A units established in serum-free
      microenvironments under reconstructed cellophane membranes became especially flat
      and optically accessible in fast-flowing 6-chamber systems devoid of a pulse
      pressure. Time-lapse cinephase movies showed that the alveoli was maintained
      debris-free by the phagocytosis of alveolar macrophages which entered the alveoli
      by penetrating the pneumocytic walls. The terminal bronchioles with active
      ciliary cells communicated with the alveoli and together they formed a flat fluid
      filled tubule-like closed system composed of ultrastructurally typical
      differentiated cellular constituents, viz. types I and II pneumocytes, endocrine
      like cells, ciliary cells. Clara cells, and septal cells. TB-A units were
      observed throughout 150 days of cultivation at which time their phase
      morphological differentiation remained stable and their functional activity
      observable as smooth-muscle contractions, ciliation, and alveolar macrophage
      phagocytosis. A 1000-foot motion-picture film complementing the descriptions of
      the TB-A units and the alveolar macrophages in the text is deposited with the
      Motion Picture Film Rental Collection of the Tissue Culture Association, Inc., at
      the W. Alton Jones Cell Science Center, Lake Placid, New York.

PMID- 669739
TI  - Long-term tissue cultures of human pleural effusions: a cytological follow-up.
AB  - A cytological follow-up was performed on long-term cultures of 53 metastatic
      pleural effusions and 34 cases of mesothelial hyperplasia. Cells were grown in
      Leighton tubes with up to 11 changes of cover slip in the same tube. Cell
      morphology and arrangement was followed for up to 1 year. Morphological criteria
      are of no use in recognizing malignant cells with any degree of certainty. As to
      cell distribution, several types of heaping up are observed both in benign and
      malignant pleural effusions. In malignant cases, patches of cells in an
      epithelial-like arrangement are seen heaping up from their substrate. They can be
      recovered from the used medium by cytocentrifugation. Such behavior may explain
      the numerous unsuccessful attempts to establish epithelial cell lines, as the
      clusters of epithelial cells are progressively lost in the supernates.

PMID- 669740
TI  - The effect of cytochalasin B on chondrogenesis in chick limb-bud mesoderm cells
      grown in vitro.

PMID- 669741
TI  - Hydrocortisone stimulation of human mammary epithelial cells.
AB  - Rapid proliferation of mammary epithelial cells derived from biopsy specimens of
      human fibroadenomas was observed when medium was supplemented with ten percent
      fetal bovine serum and hydrocortisone (5 microgram per ml-1). Hydrocortisone in
      combination with FBS also led to a 2.5-fold increase in cell cluster attachment
      and subsequent colony formation. A similar effect was not observed with human
      serum. In contrast to fibroblast cell systems, insulin did not significantly
      alter cell growth. The results show that a mitogenic response to glucocorticoids
      by mammary epithelium may depend on the presence of factors in sera.

PMID- 669742
TI  - Temporal relationships between DNA metabolism and the growth-inhibitory response
      produced by dexamethasone in rat glioma cell cultures.

PMID- 669743
TI  - Fluorescence of tryptophan residues in homogeneous rabbit antibodies: variability
      in quantum yields and degree of exposure to solvent.

PMID- 669744
TI  - Relationship between the antibiotic and immunoadjuvant effects of amphotericin B
      methyl ester.

PMID- 669745
TI  - Effect of iodination of ligand binding by protein 315; designation of a highly
      reactive light chain tyrosine as a contact residue.

PMID- 669746
TI  - Activation of the alternative pathway of complement: inhibition by low molecular
      weight polyanions.

PMID- 669747
TI  - Preparation of immunosorbents with CEA and cross-reacting antigens (NCA and
      NCA2).

PMID- 669748
TI  - The characterization of heterogeneous antibody--hapten interactions using non
      linear regression analysis on fluorescence quenching curves.

PMID- 669749
TI  - Anti-carrageenans.

PMID- 669750
TI  - Resistance of SJL mice to immunosuppression by antibodies.
AB  - Immunosuppressive antisera that specifically inhibit induction of tuberculin-type
      delayed hypersensitivity in mice to the antigens chicken conalbumin and
      methylated human serum albumin were compared for activity in CF-1, CAF1, and SJL
      mice. These contrasensitizing antisera were effective in CF-1 and CAF1 mice of
      various ages. But in SJL mice they were ineffective if the animals were older
      than 8 weeks and were only moderately effective if the animals were younger. The
      antibodies of these antisera responsible for specific immunosuppression could be
      absorbed onto adherent peritoneal exudate cells taken from DAF1 but not SJL mice.
      They could be eluted from the CAF1 cells at 56 degrees C. These results and other
      data that are discussed suggest that SJL resistance to immunosuppression by
      contrasensitizing antibodies is related to a macrophage abnormality. The results
      also help explain earlier findings that SJL mice are unusually easy to sensitize
      and unusually resistant to tolerogenesis. This strain of mice should be
      especially useful for studying the mechanisms of afferent immunosuppression in
      immunologic enhancement-like forms of tolerance.

PMID- 669751
TI  - Progression of the immune response to solubilized tumor antigens.
AB  - Local adoptive transfer assays (LATA) were used to analyze and compare the
      progression of the immune response in C3H/HeJ mice to irradiated tumor cell
      vaccine and to crude 3M KCl solubilized antigens extracted from a syngeneic
      methylcholanthrene-induced fibrosarcoma. Sequential LATA performed 2, 6, 9, 12
      and 15 days after soluble antigen pretreatment of spleen cell donors revealed a
      sinusoidal evolution of lymphoid cell activity. An initial brief period of potent
      tumor facilitation (days 6-9) was followed by a phase of tumor neutralization
      (days 9-12) which decayed by day 15. On the other hand, spleen cells from donors
      sensitized with irradiated tumor cells exhibited consistent tumor neutralization
      which was sustained throughout 15 days. Thus the tumor growth facilitation
      observed only in CSA-treated donors may represent a qualitative difference in the
      immune state induced by soluble, as opposed to cellular, forms of tumor antigen.

PMID- 669753
TI  - Global smallpox eradication.

PMID- 669752
TI  - The A, M, N, and P1 blood group substances in butanol extracts of human
      erythrocytes.
AB  - Aqueous phase and butanol phase extracts of group A1, O, M, N, P1 and P2 human
      erythrocytes perpared by extraction of red cell stromata with n-butanol were
      examined for the presence of blood group substances in inhibition of
      agglutination experiments using antisera and test cells of human origin. Group A
      substance was recovered in both aqueous phase and butanol phase extracts, M and N
      substance in aqueous phase extracts only, and P1 substance only in butanol phase
      extracts. Use of high concentrations of extract resulted in detection of P1
      activity in aqueous phase extracts and of N specific inhibition in the aqueous
      phase extracts of group M erythrocytes. Distilled water appeared to be superior
      to digitonin and hypotonic phosphate buffer solutions for preparation of stromata
      for the recovery of group A and M substances in the butanol extracts but not for
      group N and P1 substances.

PMID- 669754
TI  - Contribution to the problem of challenge vaccination. Observations on vaccination
      of cured smallpox cases in India in 1971, 1972 and 1973.

PMID- 669755
TI  - Investigation of smallpox suspected cases in the final stage of Indian smallpox
      eradication programme.

PMID- 669756
TI  - Fever with rash surveillance in India.

PMID- 669757
TI  - Surveillance amongst the pavement dwellers in Calcutta and Howrah.

PMID- 669758
TI  - Variolation in the Rajasthan Desert.

PMID- 669759
TI  - Chickenpox in Kerala.

PMID- 669760
TI  - The National Commission for Assessment of the Smallpox Eradication Programme in
      India.

PMID- 669761
TI  - The last known outbreak of smallpox in India.

PMID- 669762
TI  - Operation smallpox zero.

PMID- 669763
TI  - Surveillance at weekly markets in the smallpox eradication programme in India.

PMID- 669764
TI  - Search at the weekly markets for detection of smallpox outbreaks which occured
      during previous year.

PMID- 669765
TI  - Smallpox surveillance in remote and inaccessible areas of India.

PMID- 669766
TI  - Assessment of Ladakh smallpox eradication programme activities.

PMID- 669767
TI  - Assessment of smallpox eradication status in Abhujmar Bestar District, Madhya
      Pradesh State, India.

PMID- 669768
TI  - Reinvestigation of smallpox outbreaks.

PMID- 669769
TI  - Problem of persistence of facial pock marks among smallpox patients.

PMID- 669770
TI  - Priorities for child health.

PMID- 669771
TI  - A comparative study of health status of children whose parents have undergone
      family planning operations with those whose parents were not.

PMID- 669772
TI  - Serum immunoglobulins E levels in children of asthmatic bronchitis and their
      family members.

PMID- 669773
TI  - Planned parenthood and childcare.

PMID- 669774
TI  - Growth of infants at Agra in different residential and social groups.

PMID- 669775
TI  - Parental deprivation and delinquency.

PMID- 669776
TI  - "Diagnostic lung puncture aspiration in acute pneumonia of newborn".

PMID- 669777
TI  - Serum alkaline phosphatase values in South Indian children in relation to age,
      sex maturity and growth pattern.

PMID- 669778
TI  - Single dose therapy of giardiasis: a comparative study of tinidazole and
      metronidazole in pediatric patients.

PMID- 669779
TI  - Clinical experience with supristol in acute inflammatory diseases of children.

PMID- 669780
TI  - "Hepatolenticular degeneration".

PMID- 669781
TI  - Tetralogy of Fallot associated with Marfan's syndrome--(a case report).

PMID- 669782
TI  - Ellis van Creveld syndrome (a case report).

PMID- 669783
TI  - Gastric tridermal teratoma in infancy (a case report).

PMID- 669784
TI  - Idiopathic hyperlipaemia (a case report).

PMID- 669785
TI  - Pyogenic meningitis in children.

PMID- 669786
TI  - Colonization of teeth in humans by Streptococcus mutans as related to its
      concentration in saliva and host age.
AB  - The relationship of the salivary concentration of Streptococcus mutans and host
      age to the colonization of this organism on erupting teeth was studied in humans.
      Plaques were obtained from fissures and buccal surfaces of erupting permanent
      first and second molars of children 6 to 7 and 11 to 14 years old, respectively.
      In subjects of both age groups with salivary S. mutans concentrations below 5 x
      10(2) colony-forming units per ml, the organism was detected on only a few of the
      tooth surfaces; at concentrations of 5 x 10(2) to 4.9 x 10(4) colony-forming
      units per ml more than half of the surfaces and at concentrations of 5 x 10(4)
      colony-forming units per ml or higher most of the surfaces were colonized by S.
      mutans. The frequency of detection and concentration of S. mutans in plaque as
      well as its concentration in saliva were higher in the case of the older
      children. However, when younger and older children with similar salivary S.
      mutans concentrations were compared, S. mutans was more frequently isolated from
      plaque from older children only in the case of children with below 5 x 10(2)
      colony-forming units per ml of saliva. Eleven of the 64 children studied had low
      or undetectable S. mutans levels in plaque and saliva. The salivary S. mutans
      levels of the parents of these children were lower than those of parents of a
      group of children with normal oral S. mutans levels.

PMID- 669787
TI  - Experimental pathogenicity and mortality in ligated ileal loop studies of the
      newly reported halophilic lactose-positive Vibrio sp.
AB  - Laboratory animals were challenged subcutaneously, intraperitoneally, and
      intravenously with the halophilic lactose-positive Vibrio. Intraperitoneal
      inocula of 10(8) organisms proved to be rapidly lethal in mice, rats, and
      hamsters. The 50% lethal doese in ICR strain mice was estimatd to be 8 X 10(5)
      live cells, injected intraperitoneally or subcutaneously. Subtaneous inocula in
      mice resulted in severe local infections, characterized by gross edema, and for
      those animals surviving longer than 48 h, tissue necrosis. Intravenous,
      intraperitoneal, and subcutaneous injections of 10(8) cells in mice resulted in
      death within 3 to 6 h. These animals rapidly developed Vibrio bacteremia after
      injections. V. parahaemolyticus, studied for comparative purposes, produced no
      morbidity or mortality when injected subcutaneously. Injections of live lactose
      positive Vibrio into ligated ileal loops in rats and rabbits consistently proved
      to be lethal with a high-density bacteremia resulting.

PMID- 669788
TI  - In vitro and in vivo photosensitized inactivation of dermatophyte fungi by
      heterotricyclic dyes.
AB  - The ability of three heterotricyclic dyes to photosensitize dermatophyte fungi
      was studied with Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Microsporum gypseum. In vitro
      studies showed that methylene blue, neutral red, and proflavine were capable of
      killing these fungi when used in conjunction with broad-spectrum light.
      Proflavine, however, killed both fungi most rapidly and was used for further
      studies. Fungal killing by proflavine plus light was dependent on dye
      concentration, pH, light wavelength, and light intensity. Based on the in vitro
      studies, a treatment regimen was developed for in vivo use on experimentally
      infected animals. When treatment of guinea pigs inoculated with T. mentagrophytes
      was begun during fungal invasion, lesion formation at inoculated sites was either
      prevented or substantially reduced. When treatment was begun after lesion
      formation, however, light-plus-dyed treated sites showed only slightly faster
      curing than untreated sites.

PMID- 669789
TI  - Molar growth yields and enterotoxin B production of Staphylococcus aureus S-6
      with amino acids as energy sources.
AB  - Staphylococcus aureus S-6 was able to utilize glutamate, proline, histidine,
      aspartate, alanine, threonine, serine, or glycine as a major energy source, when
      these were added singly at a concentration of 2.5 g/liter to a base medium
      containing salts, vitamins, and 30 mg of each of 18 amino acids per liter. Molar
      growth yields (Y) for each of the eight amino acids were determined in aerobic
      batch cultures. Except with aspartate and serine, all molar growth yields
      decreased with increasing concentration of the energy source, whether or not it
      was present in excess. The average molar growth yields for both aspartate and
      serine were Y = 35 g/mol. The highest Y values obtained with the other amino
      acids were 79, 78, 56, 46, 58, and 21 g/mol for glutamate, proline, histidine,
      alanine, threonine, and glycine, respectively. Histidine was not utilized as an
      energy source at concentrations of less than 2 mM. Enterotoxin yields (mg of
      toxin per g [dry wt] of cells) higher than in the basal medium were obtained when
      proline, histidine, alanine, serine, and glycine were the major energy sources.
      When proline and alanine were the major energy sources, enterotoxin yields were
      not affected by the concentration, whereas toxin yields were reduced at high
      concentrations of the other six amino acids. The highest cell yields and Y values
      were obtained with glutamate, but its utilization as an energy source markedly
      reduced enterotoxin yields.

PMID- 669790
TI  - Effect of minerals on staphylococcal enterotoxin B production.
AB  - Raising the magnesium level from 0.4 to 1.5 mM in a medium containing only amino
      acids (2.08%), salts, and vitamins increased enterotoxin B production by
      Staphylococcus aureus S-6 by about 80%. The level of phosphates in the medium was
      lowered to one-tenth (to 2.87 mM) the original amount without adversely affecting
      growth and enterotoxin production. The optimum level of potassium was between 15
      and 45 mM. Ammonium salts were not essential in the amino acid medium. Sufficient
      quantities of trace metals were already present. Revising the salt mixture
      according to the information obtained resulted in a doubling of the enterotoxin B
      production.

PMID- 669791
TI  - Ultrastructural studies on dengue virus infection of human lymphoblasts.
AB  - Ultrastructural studies of dengue-2 virus-infected lymphoblastoid Raji cells
      showed that the virus induced an increase in the size of the rough endoplasmic
      reticula (RER) and that the replication of the virus was confined to the
      cisternae of these RER. The proliferating RER formed cytoplasmic inclusions that
      could be seen by light microscopy. This observation could be used as evidence of
      a cytopathogenic effect of dengue virus on infected Rajii cells in routine
      cultures. Accumulation of virions in the infected cells was minimal in comparison
      with other cell systems, however. Sporadic clusters of mature virions were often
      seen on the plasma membrane. These extracellular virions were distributed
      adjacent to the virus-bearing RER and were presumably released virions. Vertical
      transmission of the virus was evident in mitotic lymphoblasts. The replication
      pattern of dengue virus in lymphoblastoid cells suggests that efforts should be
      made to determine whether blast-transformed lymphocytes, numerous in secondary
      dengue infections, support dengue virus replication in vivo.

PMID- 669792
TI  - Substances that interfere with action of viridin B, a Streptococcus mitis
      bacteriocin.
AB  - Several body fluids and various substances were examined for their effects on the
      action of viridin B, a Streptococcus mitis bacteriocin. Heme has been shown
      previously to interfere with viridin B action. In the present study, peroxidase
      and catalase, but not superoxide dismutase, interfered with the bacteriocin.
      Sulfhydryl-containing compounds had no effect. Trypsin, protease, and amylase
      exhibited interfering capacities. Of various body fluids tested, serum, saliva,
      and leukocyte lysate interfered with viridin B. The activity in leukocyte lysate
      was probably due to myeloperoxidase. Salivary activity was likely due to both
      peroxidase and amylase. Interfering activity in serum was neither complement
      dependent nor antibody mediated and was probably due to a combination of
      enzymatic activities. Temporal studies with these agents suggested more than one
      mechanism of interference with viridin B.

PMID- 669793
TI  - Induction of a pH-stable interferon in sheep lymphocytes by Mycoplasmatales virus
      MVL2.
AB  - The data presented in this report show that the enveloped Mycoplasmatales virus
      MVL2 is capable of interferon induction in sheep peripheral blood lymphocytes.
      The phenomenon was dose dependent, requiring approximately 10(8) plaque-forming
      units of virus per 2 X 10(6) lymphocytes. The interferon was stable to pH 2.0
      treatment, was produced in moderately high levels (greater than 1,000 units), and
      met many of the criteria for classification as a type I interferon. Heat
      inactivated MLV2 lost its ability to induce interferon, whereas ultraviolet
      inactivated virus retained its capacity to induce levels comparable to untreated
      virus. Whereas the MVL2 used in these studies was contaminated with several host
      cell proteins as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-containing polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis, the contaminants probably did not play a role in the
      induction because isolated cell membranes or soluble cell contents from
      Achoplasma laidlawii are inactive as inducers. Also presented in this report is a
      preliminary description of the structural polypeptides of MVL2.

PMID- 669794
TI  - Lipid metabolism of Borrelia hermsi.
AB  - The synthesis of complex lipids by Borrelia hermsi while growing in Kelly medium
      was investigated by labeling cultures with D-[14C]glucose or [14C]palmitic acid.
      Labeled glucose was incorporated into phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl
      glycerol, monogalactosyl diglyceride, cholesterol glucoside, and acylated
      cholesteryl glucoside. The fatty acid composition reflected that of the medium
      suggesting that this spirochete directly incorporates acyl chains unaltered from
      its external milieu. Furthermore, the distribution of labeled carbon between acyl
      groups (lipid-soluble) and water-soluble moieties indicates that there is no
      metabolic exchange between these two pools. The relationship of B. hermsi to
      other spirochetes is discussed in terms of lipid metabolism as a generic
      characteristic.

PMID- 669795
TI  - Age-related susceptibility to Pseudomonas aeruginosa ocular infections in mice.
AB  - The susceptibility of newborn and infant mice to eye infection by Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa was studied in 5-, 10-, 15- to 16-, and 21-day-old mice. In the first
      of three age-related susceptibility experiments, inoculation of P. aeruginosa
      under the unopened eyelids of infant (5- and 10-day-old) mice in the absence of
      prior corneal wounding resulted in acute infection and rapid death of many of the
      animals. However, endophthalmitis was observed in about 30% of bacteremic animals
      that survived to age 14 to 15 days. In the second experiment, 15- to 16-day-old
      mice whose eyes were open received P. aeruginosa topically onto either wounded or
      unwounded corneas. At least 50% of the mice that received both corneal wounding
      and the bacteria exhibited keratitis, endophthalmitis, and subsequent phthisis
      bulbi. None of the infected mice died of bacteremia. In addition, mice infected
      in the absence of corneal wounding did not exhibit any eye damage. In the third
      experiment, the wounded-cornea responses of 21-day-old mice to P. aeruginosa were
      more variable. Thirty seven percent of the mice exhibited an intermediate
      response of decreased eye size and cataracts which was not observed in 15- to 16
      day-old mice, 32% recovered spontaneously, and 29% exhibited complete shrinkage
      of the infected eyes. The variability of the latter responses may reflect a
      transitional maturation period of natural immunity to the organism in some of the
      animals, since all 4- to 6-week-old adult mice respond routinely to ocular
      wounding and similar infections with the organism by undergoing a spontaneous
      resolvable keratitis (3 to 4 weeks).

PMID- 669796
TI  - Chromosomal locus for staphylococcal enterotoxin B.
AB  - The genetic locus of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) was investigated in the
      Staphylococcus aureus food-poisoning isolates, strains S6 and 277. Direct neutral
      sucrose gradient centrifugation analysis of sodium dodecyl sulfate-sodium
      chloride-mediated cleared lysates demonstrated that strain S6 contained a single
      37S plasmid. Transductional analysis revealed that the 37S plasmid in S6 encoded
      for cadmium resistance (Cad) but not SEB. Additionally, elimination of cadmium
      resistance in S6 provided a plasmid-negative derivative that produced SEB at the
      same level as the parent. Examination of strain 277 showed two plasmids, a 37S
      species encoding for penicillin resistance (Penr) and a 21S species containing
      the gene(s) responsible for tetracycline resistance (Tetr). Elimination of the
      37S, penr plasmid in 277 had no effect on SEB production, whereas introduction of
      the 21S tetr plasmid via transformation into strain 8325 (SEB--) did not confer
      enterotoxigenesis upon the transformants. The data obtained in this investigation
      suggest that the SEB gene(s) in these food-poisoning isolates of S. aureus is
      chromosomal.

PMID- 669797
TI  - Evidence for a disseminated plasmid in Streptococcus mutans.
AB  - Based on a survey of 86 isolates, approximately 5% of all naturally occurring
      strains of Streptococcus mutans contains a 3.6 X 10(6)-dalton (3.6-megadalton)
      multicopy plasmid of unknown function. The amount of plasmid deoxyribonucleic
      acid per chromosome varies from 2 to 6% depending on the host strain. About 13%
      of the total covalently closed circular deoxyribonucleic acid in each of the four
      plasmid-containing strains consists of dimeric molecules, with interlocked
      circular forms predominating. Site-specific restriction endonucleases have been
      identified that cleave this 3.6-megadalton plasmid at single and at multiple
      sites. Each of the four plasmids is cleaved once by the HindIII and BamHI
      restriction enzymes. The HpaI, TaqI, and HhaI enzymes generate two, five, and six
      components, respectively, and the digestion products of each of the four plasmids
      are identical. Because the four plasmid-containing S. mutans strains are
      physiologically unique with respect to one another, we conclude this plasmid to
      be a disseminated extrachromosomal element in S. mutans.

PMID- 669798
TI  - Isolation of a bacteriophage for actinomyces viscosus.
AB  - A lytic phage which produces clear plaques on a human isolate of Actinomyces
      viscosus was isolated from a sample of raw domestic sewage.

PMID- 669799
TI  - Rapid activation of the interferon system in vivo.
AB  - Experiments were carried out to study the kinetics of local interferon production
      in the subcutaneous tissues of rats stimulated with Newcastle disease virus.
      Specifically, the interferon produced and released in the extracellular fluids
      was collected at various intervals of time in micropore chambers implanted into
      the subcutaneous tissue of rats. Interferon was detected at moderate titers 1 h
      after induction, and it was present at high titer at 2 h. The interferon levels
      remained remarkably high in the samples collected after 3, 5, and 24 h, and in
      some rats it was still detectable after 48 and 72 h. Since control experiments
      showed that it requires 2 to 3 h for interferon to penetrate the chambers, it may
      be concluded that high concentrations of interferon are present in the
      extracellular fluid within 1 h of induction. The evaluation of the kinetics of
      production and of the concentrations attained in the extracellular fluid suggests
      that in a solid tissue a cell infected by a potent interferon inducer may produce
      interferon early enough and in sufficient quantity to protect neighboring cells
      before the production of progeny virions.

PMID- 669800
TI  - Innate resistance of mice to experimental infection with Naegleria fowleri.
AB  - The mouse system provides an excellent model for studying host resistance to
      Naegleria fowleri, the agent of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis. Innate
      resistance to infection with N. fowleri was examined with respect to infecting
      dose and the age, sex, and strain of mice. Intravenous inoculation with 10(7)
      amoebae per mouse produced 100% mortality in 9 days, whereas inoculation with
      fewer amoebae reduced the cumulative mortality. Male and female DUB/ICR mice of
      varying ages were inoculated intravenously with 2.5 X 10(5) N. fowleri per g of
      body weight. The youngest mice died first, with 100% mortality for both males and
      females, and mortality decreased with increasing age. Female mice were
      significantly more resistant to infection than males. Five strains of mice
      weighing approximately 20 g were inoculated intravenously with weight-adjusted
      doses; mortality ranged from 10% in C57BL/6 mice to 95% in A/HeCr mice.

PMID- 669801
TI  - Cross-protection of mice provided by active and passive immunization against
      experimental infections with virulent Proteus rettgeri and Providencia bacteria.
AB  - Immunization with Providencia and Proteus rettgeri Formalin-treated bacterial
      suspensions produced high levels of protection in mice against homologous and
      heterologous challenge. Mice were also cross-protected, but less effectively, by
      passive administration of rabbit type-specific antisera. The protective activity
      appeared to be due to an antigen common to strains of different O-serotypes. It
      was not detectable in agglutination reactions, and preliminary results indicate
      that it is thermostable, not being inactivated in its antibody binding capacity
      at 121 degrees C for 1 h.

PMID- 669802
TI  - Inverse relationship between the susceptibility of lipopolysaccharide (lipid A)
      pretreated mice to the hypothermic and lethal effect of lipopolysaccharide.
AB  - Mice pretreated (day 0) by a single injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
      responded with hypothermic tolerance to (LPS) challenge on day 1 and with
      hypothermic hyperreactivity to LPS challenge on day 4. Reciprocally, mice
      pretreated similarly but with a higher challenge dose were hyperreactive with
      respect to LPS lethality on day 1, but highly tolerant to lethality when
      challenged on day 4. Hyperreactivity to LPS lethality (day 1) was evident from an
      accelerated onset of death as well as from a reduced 50% lethal dose in
      pretreated mice, the level of hyperreactivity being more pronounced with higher
      LPS pretreatment doses. Lethal hyperreactivity, however, was only seen after
      challenge with a 50% lethal dose of soluble LPS. In contrast, protection to
      lethality occurred after challenge with a 50% lethal dose of insoluble LPS (day
      1). Tolerance to LPS lethality in mice was observed on day 4 after pretreatment
      with one (day 0) or four daily injections of LPS. Since reciprocal
      hyperreactivity (day 1) and cross-tolerance to lethality (day 4) could be
      achieved by treatment with Salmonella smooth- or rough-form LPS as well as with
      free lipid A, it was concluded that lipid A represents the active principle of
      LPS in inducing both hyperreactivity and tolerance to the lethal effect of LPS.

PMID- 669803
TI  - Activation of complement by cell surface components of Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - The abilities of intact Staphylococcus aureus H, crude cell walls (CCW), purified
      cell walls (PCW, peptidoglycan [PG] and covalently linked teichoic acid),
      peptidoglycan, and cell membranes (CM) to activate the complement system in
      normal human serum, C2-deficient serum, and immunoglobulin-deficient serum were
      compared. On a weight basis, PCW was the most active fraction; intact organisms
      and CCW were about equally effective; and PG was least active in causing
      complement consumption in normal serum. CM also activated complement but did not
      give a clear dose-response relationship in the concentrations used. Kinetic
      studies revealed that C3-C9 consumption occurred at a significantly slower rate
      in C2-deficient serum, indicating that intact organisms, PCW, and PG may activate
      the complement system via the classical and alternative pathways in normal serum.
      C3-C9 consumption was also slower in immunoglobulin-deficient serum than in
      normal serum, implying that immunoglobulins play a role in attaining maximum
      rates of complement activation. In all sera studied, PG was less active in
      complement activation than PCW. These results indicate that a number of cell
      surface components of S. aureus can play a role in complement activation by this
      organism and that the presence of teichoic acid has a significant enhancing
      effect in this regard.

PMID- 669804
TI  - Immune reactivity of Visna virus-inoculated mice.
AB  - Visna virus inoculation of mice before immunization with unrelated antigens
      caused suppression of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. The
      immunosuppressive effect was dependent on the virus dose and time of
      administration. The number of "background" antibody-producing spleen cells
      increased slightly after inoculation of Visna virus. Heat treatment of Visna
      virus abolished its immunosuppressive effect. Replication of Visna virus in mice
      seemed to be a prerequisite for its immunomodulating effect.

PMID- 669805
TI  - Delayed-type hypersensitivity in mice immunized with Trypanosoma rhodesiense
      antigens.
AB  - When mice were immunized intravenously, subcutaneously, or by the footpad route
      with formaldehyde-killed Trypanosoma rhodesiense, delayed-type hypersensitivity
      was elicited by the use of frozen-thawed trypanosomal antigen. The delayed
      footpad swelling technique was used to measure delayed hypersensitivity.
      Hypersensitivity induction was dose dependent (greater than or equal to 10(6)
      formaldehyde-treated T. rhodesiense) and was affected by the route of
      immunization. The footpad route induced higher levels of hypersensitivity than
      other routes of immunization. Mice immunized with a single dose of formaldehyde
      treated antigen and challenged with live T. rhodesiense did not survive. Yet,
      mice immunized subcutaneously with formaldehyde-treated antigen and then injected
      with frozen-thawed antigen and challenged 28 days after immunization survived.
      The results suggest that T-cell activation, manifested by delayed
      hypersensitivity responses, was a necessary component in the protective response,
      perhaps functioning in a helper cell capacity.

PMID- 669806
TI  - Purification and characterization of an immunologically distinct delta-hemolysin
      from a canine strain of Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - Culture supernatants of 26 strains of Staphylococcus aureus possessing delta
      hemolytic activity have been tested by immunodiffusion against a serum raised
      against purified delta-hemolysin from S. aureus CN 4108 (Newman D2). Supernatants
      from 14 strains of canine origin gave a reaction of partial identity with delta
      hemolysin from CN 4108, whereas supernatants from all other strains had full
      identity. Delta hemolysin from one of these canine strains, CN 7450, was purified
      by ammonium sulfate fractionation and precipitation at pH 4.5. The physical,
      chemical, and biological properties of this toxin were compared with those of
      delta-hemolysin from CN 4108. Differences in molecular weight (as judged by
      Sepharose 6B chromatography), isoelectric point, and amino acid composition were
      found. Both toxins caused dermonecrosis in rabbits, lysed erythrocytes from
      several different species, and were inhibited by normal sera and phospholipids.
      Unlike delta-hemolysin from CN 4108, the hemolytic activity of delta-hemolysin
      from CN 7450 was found to be dependent on the incubation temperature over the
      range of 25 to 37 degrees C. Immunodiffusion results obtained with antisera
      raised against purified delta-hemolysin from CN 7450 indicated that delta
      hemolysins from the canine strains were probably identical and confirmed that
      these differ immunologically from delta-hemolysin from CN 4108.

PMID- 669807
TI  - Cytopathogenicity of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in porcine tracheal ring and lung
      explant organ cultures alone and in combination with monolayer cultures of fetal
      lung fibroblasts.
AB  - Porcine tracheal rings and lung explants alone and in combination with monolayer
      cultures of porcine lung fibroblasts (PLF) were separately inoculated with
      virulent strains of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and incubated at various times. The
      preparations were observed by bright-field, phase-contrast, and scanning electron
      microscopy. In PLF cultures, the strains at initial concentrations of 10(1.3)
      colony-forming units/ml increased within 3 days to 10(6) colony-forming units/ml,
      showed progressive clustering on the cells, and caused some sloughing.
      Introduction of a tracheal ring or lung explant into these mycoplasma-infected
      PLF cultures caused the explant to lose its epithelial ciliary motility.
      Eventually parts or whole cells of the respective ciliated epithelium were lost.
      Without infected PLF monolayers, the explants inoculated with M. hyopneumoniae
      were less susceptible to infection. When uninfected explants were incubated for
      18 days or kept in stock for 2 months, they did not show the above changes. With
      5 h postinoculation, M. hyopneumoniae cultures became intimately associated with
      the PLF culture, but when epithelial cell sloughing occurred, the mycoplasmal
      cells became dependent on the introduction of a fresh PLF monolayer or a tracheal
      or lung explant for survival.

PMID- 669808
TI  - Suramin effects on macrophage phagolysosome formation and antimicrobial activity.
AB  - The effects of suramin on phagolysosome formation and antimicrobial activity of
      mouse peritoneal macrophages cultivated in vitro have been studied. Prolonged in
      vitro pretreatment of macrophages with high concentrations of suramin caused
      macrophages to form large fragile phagolysosomes in which the concentrations of
      the various lysosomal enzymes were inferred to be diminished. In addition,
      suramin-treated macrophages demonstrated enhanced exocytosis of acid phosphatase
      during phagocytosis of polyvinyl toluene spherules. However, suramin was found
      not to inhibit formation of phagolysosomes in macrophages that had ingested
      Listeria monocytogenes when those cells were examined by the electron microscope.
      Suramin pretreatment did not alter the ingestion or intracellular killing of
      Staphylococcus aureus or of a strain of L. monocytogenes that was essentially
      avirulent for mice, but did protect macrophages from destruction by virulent L.
      monocytogenes ingested in vitro, an effect that appeared to have been mediated
      through enhancement of the bacteriostatic potential of the macrophages. However,
      at a single dosage level, the drug did not alter the mortality of mice challenged
      with virulent L. monocytogenes.

PMID- 669809
TI  - Characterization of Thermoactinomyces sacchari antigens.
AB  - Three different extracts of Thermoactinomyces sacchari were analyzed for their
      antigenicity and physical-chemical properties. Rabbit antiserum to each
      preparation, tested by immunodiffusion in gel, demonstrated that the most potent
      immunogen was that prepared by the double-dialysis method. This extract also
      contained the greatest number of precipitating antigens as detected by gel
      filtration. All extracts, analyzed by column chromatography on Sephadex G-75,
      were heterogeneous in that they contained large- and small-molecular-weight
      fractions. Precipitins in each extract were detected in column eluates of
      relatively low ultraviolet absorption and were of a similar molecular size range.
      Chemical analysis of purified antigens demonstrated protein and carbohydrate. The
      culture supernatant contained the greatest amount of carbohydrate (66%), and the
      soluble extract of bacterial cells contained the greatest amount of protein
      (68%). Several antigens were partially sensitive to the proteolytic enzymes
      Pronase and trypsin, but none was sensitive to lysozyme. These results
      demonstrate that there are multiple-antigen systems in T. sacchari and that, of
      the samples analyzed, the double-dialysis method of antigen preparation yields
      the most potent antigens.

PMID- 669810
TI  - Clindamycin-induced enterocolitis in hamsters as a model of pseudomembranous
      colitis in patients.
AB  - Stools from a patient with antibiotic-associated colitis and cecal contents from
      a hamster with clindamycin-induced enterocolitis were compared in a cytotoxicity
      assay to determine common properties. Both specimens produced actinomorphic
      changes in human amnion cells at 10(-7) dilutions. The toxin was acid labile,
      heat labile, nonether extractable, non-dialyzable, and produced maximum activity
      at 60% with ammonium sulfate precipitation. Cytotoxicity was neutralized with
      clostridial antitoxin but not with equine serum. Clostridium difficile was
      recovered in high concentrations in specimens from both the hamster and patients.
      The supernatants of these C. difficile strains produced cytoxic effects which
      were also neutralized by clostridial antitoxins. These results indicate that
      clindamycin-induced enterocolitis in hamsters is a model of human disease and
      implicate toxin-producing clostridia as responsible agents.

PMID- 669811
TI  - Antigenic analysis of coccidioidin and spherulin determined by two-dimensional
      immunoelectrophoresis.
AB  - Immunological tests are valuable aids for diagnosis of mycotic infections and, in
      some cases, as objective guides for clinical management and prognosis. The
      usefulness of these procedures is limited to the extents that crude antigen
      preparations are employed, that these are difficult to standardize uniformly, and
      that they contain antigens common to several species of pathogenic fungi.
      Analysis by two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis methods of the two crude
      preparations used for coccidioidomycosis demonstrated that coccidioidin contained
      at least 26 antigens, with 10 of these found also in spherulin. In addition,
      spherulin contained two antigens not demonstrated in coccidioidin. No single test
      detected all antigens present, and multiple procedures were required to display
      the complete array of antigens. A reference system was established for
      coccidioidin and precipitated immunoglobulins from a burro hyperimmunized with
      coccidioidin. Evaluation of the reference system demonstrated that it was highly
      reproducible with respect to the reagents used, to repeated tests by the same
      person, and to comparative tests by two individuals using the same reagents.
      Applications of this reference system for standardization of reagents, for
      detecting common antigens, for monitoring successive steps during fractionation
      of crude preparations, and for fingerprinting strains for ecological and
      epidemiological studies are presented.

PMID- 669812
TI  - Purification of cholera toxin and its subunits: new methods of preparation and
      the use of hypertoxinogenic mutants.
AB  - Cholera toxin was obtained in pure form by fractionation on two phosphocellulose
      columns successively. Cholera toxin and choleragenoid were quantitatively and
      selectively adsorbed to the first column in 10 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, and
      were subsequently eluted with buffer of high ionic strength. The toxin was then
      separated from choleragenoid on the second column by chromatography at pH 8.3.
      The toxin obtained was highly active and pure as judged by electrophoresis,
      isoelectric focusing, and various immunological and chemical tests. Pure
      choleragenoid was by-product of the procedure. The A1 chain of the toxin was
      obtained in pure form by treating phosphocellulose-bound toxin with urea and a
      reducing agent. The anionic A1 peptide was thereby released, leaving a complex of
      the B and A2 chains (A25B) bound to the resin. The latter was then eluted and
      further purified to obtain nontoxic antigen. The overall yields of cholera toxin
      and choleragenoid were increased two- to threefold by the use of hypertoxinogenic
      mutants of Vibrio cholerae.

PMID- 669813
TI  - Invasive aspergillosis: antiserum for circulating antigen produced after
      immunization with serum from infected rabbits.
AB  - We describe a method for producing an antibody capable of detecting an antigen of
      Aspergillus fumigatus in serum and urine from infected rabbits and humans.

PMID- 669814
TI  - Effect of sucrose in culture media on the location of glucosyltransferase of
      Streptococcus mutans and cell adherence to glass surfaces.
AB  - Streptococcus mutans strain B13 (serotype D) almost exclusively produced free
      glucosyltransferase (GTase) in the culture supernatant when grown in sucrose-free
      TTY broth medium, which was composed of Trypticase (Baltimore Biological
      Laboratory [BBL] Cockeysville, Md.), tryptose (Difco Laboratories, Detroit,
      Mich.), yeast extract (BBL), salts, and 1% glucose. Organisms grown in sucrose
      free TTY broth retained very weak cell-associated GTase activity and did not
      adhere significantly to glass surfaces in the presence of exogenous sucrose. If
      sucrose was added to TTY broth, however, GTase was found on the cell surface
      where cell-bound, water-insoluble glucans were synthesized. Most commercially
      available products of Todd-Hewitt broth were found to contain trace amounts of
      sucrose, as did Trypticase soy broth (BBL), whereas brain heart infusion broth
      (Difco and BBL) was found to be essentially free of sucrose. Almost all
      detectable GTase activity was cell associated when S. mutans B13 was grown in
      Todd-Hewitt or trypticase soy broth. Heat-treated B13 cells grown in Todd-Hewitt
      broth and cell-free, water-insoluble glucans bound free GTase and produced marked
      adherence in the presence of sucrose. Experiments strongly suggest that the
      binding sites for free GTase are the surface glucans, and cell-associated and
      extracellular GTases are most likely alternate states of the same enzyme protein.

PMID- 669815
TI  - Contrast of Glycogenesis and protein synthesis in monkey kidney cells and HeLa
      cells infected with Chlamydia trachomatis lymphogranuloma venereum.
AB  - Glycogen metabolism of monkey kidney (LLC-MK-2) cells and HeLa 229 cells infected
      with a Chlamydia trachomatis lymphogranuloma venereum 440 L (LGV) was studied.
      The growth cycle of LGV in both host cells was similar; however, a greater number
      of infectious organism developed intracellularly and were released into the
      medium during LGV infection of HeLa 229 cells than MK-2 cells. A rapid infection
      accompanied by a high rate of glycogen synthesis and a short period of
      accumulation was found in GeLa 229 cells infected with LGV. LGV infected MK-2
      cells started to accumulate glycogen about the same time as HeLa 229 cells;
      however, the rate of glycogen synthesis was lower and the period of accumulation
      was longer. The LGV agent grew in cycloheximide-treated cells in the absence of
      host cell protein synthesis. Protein synthesis associated with LGV throughout the
      developmental cycle was similar in both cell types and could be abolished by
      chloramphenicol. The continued synthesis of glycogen in the presence of
      cycloheximide suggested that the synthesis of glycogen was directed by the
      organism in both MK-2 cells and HeLa 229 cells.

PMID- 669816
TI  - Lymphocyte cytotoxicity to influenza virus-infected cells: response to
      vaccination and virus infection.
AB  - Peripheral blood leukocytes obtained from volunteers at various times following
      influenza vaccine or live influenza virus infection were assayed for cytotoxicity
      against influenza virus-infected cells. Cytotoxicity was highest on days 3 and 7
      following vaccination with commercial A/Port Chalmers/1/73 inactivated influenza
      virus vaccine. Maximal cytotoxicity was found 9 days after infection induced by
      intranasal inoculation of a strain of A/Scotland/840/74 influenza virus.
      Individuals naturally infected with A/Victoria/3/75 were also found to have
      elevated cytotoxicity approximately 1 week after onset of illness. Cytotoxicity
      levels decreased toward base line approximately 30 days after the virus exposure.
      The effector mechanism(s) responsible for the early, transient elevation in
      specific immune release to influenza virus-infected cells may be different from
      the antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity demonstrated in the peripheral blood
      leukocytes from volunteers who had a remote experience with influenza virus.

PMID- 669817
TI  - Interaction of glucosyltransferase with the cell surface of Streptococcus mutans.
AB  - The partially purified glucosyltransferase (GTF) fraction synthesizing primarily
      water-insoluble glucans, GTF-A, and the homogeneous fraction synthesizing water
      soluble glucans, GTF-B, were utilized to assess the binding of GTF activity to
      the cell surface of Streptococcus mutans GS-5. Growth of the cells in either Todd
      Hewitt broth or a chemically defined medium did not appear to affect the ability
      of the cells to bind either enzyme fraction. Heat inactivation of the cells did
      not singificantly reduce the interaction of the enzymes with the cells. Cell
      surface glucan molecules appear to be involved in GTF binding to the cells
      because: (i) dextranase or alpha-1,3-glucanase treatment of the cells markedly
      reduced enzyme binding; (ii) the inclusion of soluble dextrans in the binding
      assays reduced both GTF-A and GTF-B binding to the cells; and (iii) pretreatment
      of the cells or the GTF-B fraction with soluble dextrans before binding
      significantly reduced enzyme binding to the cells. In addition, enzyme binding
      appears to require a cell surface protein component because Pronase, but not
      trypsin, treatment of cells reduced enzyme binding. Furthermore, the removal of a
      portion of the cell surface GTF-glucan complex with 3 N NaCl appears to provide
      additional binding sites for the enzymes. These results are interpreted in terms
      of the mechanism of the conversion of extracellular GTF to the cell-associated
      form.

PMID- 669818
TI  - Temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza A virus: production and
      characterization of A/Victoria/3/75-ts-1[E] recombinants.
AB  - The Hong Kong/68-ts-1[E] virus, which has a 38 degrees C shutoff temperature for
      plaque formation, has been proposed as a donor of its two ts lesions to new
      variants of influenza A virus that pose an epidemic threat. To further examine
      whether the acquisition of the two ts-1[E] lesions will predictably attenuate new
      influenza A variants, the HK/68-ts-1[E] virus was mated with the A/Vic/3/75 wild
      type virus. The Vic/75-ts-[E] recombinants that had the two ts-1[E] lesions also
      had a 38 degrees C shutoff temperature. Two Vic/75-ts-1[E] recombinants (clones
      81 and 113) that had the two ts-1[E] lesions, a 38 degrees C shutoff temperature,
      and the Vic/75 hemagglutinin and neuraminidase glycoproteins were similar to each
      other and to their ts-1[E] parent in the pattern of replication and genetic
      stability in hamsters. These findings support the hypothesis that the acquisition
      of the two ts-1[E] lesions will predictably attenuate wild-type influenza A
      virus. Each Vic/75-ts-1[E] recombinant virus that possessed only the group 1 ts
      1[E] lesion had a 39 degrees C shutoff temperature. Two of three of the Vic/75-ts
      1[E] recombinants that had only the group 2 ts-1[E] lesion had a 39 degrees C
      shutoff temperature. This suggests that the HK/68-ts-1[E] donor virus contains
      two ts genes each of which by itself restricts plaque formation at 39 degrees C
      and above. The HK/68-ts-1[E] parent virus and its Vic/75 recombinant clones 81
      and 113 were evaluated in ferret tracheal organ cultures maintained at permissive
      and restrictive temperatures. The Vic/75-ts-1[E] clone 81 differed from its
      parent and sister clone 113 in that it replicated readily and caused ciliostasis
      at 37 degrees C, a temperature restrictive for the replication of other ts-1[E]
      recombinants with a 38 degrees C shutoff temperature. The genetic basis
      underlying this difference was not elucidated.

PMID- 669819
TI  - Temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza A virus: evaluation of A/Victoria/3/75
      ts-1[E] recombinant viruses in volunteers.
AB  - The Hong Kong/68-ts-1[E] virus and its Udorn/72 and Georgia/74 recombinants,
      which have a 38 degrees C shutoff temperature and a ts lesion(s) on the genes
      coding for the P3 and NP proteins, were adequately attenuated and immunogenic in
      adult volunteers who lacked serum hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody (titer,
      </=1:8), but who possessed serum neuraminidase-inhibiting antibody. Two
      Victoria/75-ts-1[E] clones that also had a 38 degrees C shutoff temperature and a
      ts lesion(s) on the same two genes were administered to adult volunteers who
      lacked both serum hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody (titer, </=1:8) and
      neuraminidase-inhibiting antibody (titer, </=1:4). In contrast to the behavior of
      the earlier ts-1[E] recombinants, the Vic/75-ts-1[E] recombinants retained the
      capacity to cause febrile, systemic illness. However, the recombinants were
      attenuated compared with wild-type virus. The Vic/75-ts-1[E] virus vaccinees shed
      a larger amount of virus for a longer time than the previous ts-1[E] vaccinees,
      but they shed less virus than volunteers infected with wild-type virus. The ts
      1[E] virus shed retained its ts phenotype in most instances and failed to spread
      to susceptible contacts. Vaccinees were partially protected against homologous
      wild-type virus challenge. The failure of HK/68, Udorn/72, and Georgia/74 ts-1[E]
      vaccinees to develop systemic reactions may reflect the presence of neuraminidase
      immunity before infection. In this situation, attenuation probably resulted from
      the degree of defectiveness of the ts-1[E] recombinant virus and the existence of
      neuraminidase immunity in the recipients. The 50% human infectious dose of the
      Vic/75 ts-1[E] virus was less than 10(5.2) 50% tissue culture infective doses.
      This suggests that at the time of a pandemic shift involving both the
      hemagglutinin and neuraminidase glycoproteins, a small amount of live virus
      vaccine might be effective in initiating infection.

PMID- 669820
TI  - Splenomegaly, enhanced phagocytosis, and anemia are thymus-dependent responses to
      malaria.
AB  - Immunologically competent mice and mice with defined immunological deficiencies
      were infected with Plasmodium yoelii. Splenomegaly, enhanced phagocytosis, and
      anemia were most marked in infected mice having intact thymic tissue. Whereas the
      spleens of infected nude mice increased minimally in size, the relative blood
      hemoglobin levels and the rates of carbon clearance in these mice were similar to
      those of noninfected, immunologically intact mice. Thymus-reconstituted nude mice
      and B-cell-deficient mice responded to infection in a manner similar to that of
      infected immunocompetent mice. These data demonstrate that the hallmarks of
      malaria, i.e., splenomegaly, enhanced phagocytosis, and anemia, are thymus
      dependent responses to infection.

PMID- 669821
TI  - Effect of cytochalasin D on Toxoplasma gondii cell entry.
AB  - Cytochalasin D did not prevent attachment but did prevent entry of Toxoplasma
      gondii into peritoneal macrophages and bladder tumor 4934 cells. Inhibition of
      entry of T. gondii into peritoneal macrophages by cytochalasin D was dose related
      and comparable to inhibition of phagocytosis. Prevention of entry of T. gondii
      into bladder tumor 4934 cells by cytochalasin D followed a dose response
      identical to that observed with peritoneal macrophages. After removal of the
      medium containing cytochalasin D, its effect was completely reversible, and the
      kinetics of the loss of inhibition followed a similar time course for both
      phagocytic and "nonphagocytic" cell types. The studies support the concept that
      the host cells actively participate in the process by which T. gondii gains entry
      into cells.

PMID- 669822
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy of lymphoid cells from leukemia virus-infected mice.
AB  - Spleen, lymph node, bone marrow, and thymus cells from Friend leukemia virus
      (FLV)-infected mice were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Whereas
      splenocytes from normal, noninfected animals showed the expected morphological
      classes of lymphocytes, including cells with numerous villous projections and
      smoother cell types, spleen cells from mice infected with FLV showed a rapid
      alteration of surface morphology. Shortly after infection, a decrease in the
      number and percentage of villous cells occurred, with a concomitant increase in
      the number of cells that were larger and smoother. Within 10 to 20 days after
      infection, the majority of splenocytes were smooth, large cells showing many
      distinct morphological charges, including surface "holes" and a "spongy"
      appearance. By days 25 to 35 after infection, most splenocytes were abnormal in
      appearance. Similar changes occurred in the lymph nodes after FLV infection, but
      the rate of change was much lower. Abnormal and larger smooth-surfaced cells did
      not become prominent until after week 2 or 3 infection. Thymus and bone marrow
      cells showed little if any change in surface morphology until late in the
      infectious process. However, even at that time only a few of the cells were
      abnormal in appearance. The changes in cell population in the spleen but not the
      lymph nodes paralleled the rapid decrease in the percentage of cells which
      stained positive for surface immunoglobulin and theta antigen. Futhermore, FLV
      antigen rapidly appeared on spleen cells after infection; fewer lymph node cells
      were positive, and only low numbers of marrow and thymus cells stained positive
      for FLV antigen. The marked immunosuppression induced by FLV infection paralleled
      and in some instances preceded the marked morphological changes.

PMID- 669823
TI  - Studies on a canine intestinal spirochete: scanning electron microscopy of canine
      colonic mucosa.
AB  - A large homogeneous population of spirochetes was observed attached to the
      colonic mucosa of clinically normal dogs. Their association with the colonic
      mucosa and their mode of attachment resembled those of a spirochete reported in
      primates.

PMID- 669824
TI  - Toxicity of emulsified trehalose-6,6'-dimycolate (cord factor) in mice depends on
      size distribution of mineral oil droplets.
AB  - Toxicity of emulsified trehalose-6,6'-dimycolate administered intravenously into
      mice depended on the size distribution of the mineral oil droplets. Emulsions
      containing the greatest number of the largest oil droplets were the most toxic.
      Emulsions of trehalose-6,6'-dimycolate made with peanut oil or with olive oil
      were less toxic than those made with mineral oil.

PMID- 669825
TI  - Application of charge shift electrophoresis to antigenic analysis of mycoplasmic
      membranes by two-dimensional (crossed) immunoelectrophoresis.
AB  - Both the anodic migration and resolution of membrane antigens of Mycoplasma
      arginini were greatly improved in two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis by
      incorporating both a neutral detergent, Triton X-100, and an anionic detergent,
      sodium deoxycholate, in the agarose support for first phase electrophoresis. The
      mobility of cytoplasmic antigens was unaffected at concentrations of 0.1% or less
      of sodium deoxycholate.

PMID- 669826
TI  - Suppression of Staphylococcus aureus extracellular nuclease and alpha-toxin
      synthesis by acetylmethylcarbinol.
AB  - Acetylmethylcarbinol added to the inoculated culture of Staphylococcus aureus
      Wood 46 suppressed 85% of the differential rates of extracellular nuclease and
      alpha-toxin.

PMID- 669827
TI  - Sex hormones and the immune response. I. Host factors in the production of
      penicillin-specific antibodies in the female guinea pig.
AB  - Female guinea pigs between 500 and 650 g produced the highest precipitation
      titers to penicilloyl-coupled guinea pig gamma-globulin of an array of animals
      ranging in weight from 350 to 850 g. When one or two depot injections in complete
      Freund's adjuvant were succeeded by saline boosters, the response maximized
      within 1 week after the first booster (in phase with the maximum output of IgM);
      subsequent boosters rapidly reduced the titer. The observed response was directed
      primarily at the hapten, as no reaction was evident to heterologous carrier (KLH)
      until the anti-hapten titer had declined. The daily administration of estradiol
      for 23 days after the last antigen inoculation prevented the decay of titer,
      whereas the titer of the controls or progesterone-treated animals dropped by 40-
      50% during that interval.

PMID- 669828
TI  - 5-Hydroxytryptamine and rat passive peritoneal anaphylaxis.
AB  - Antigen challenge of rats, sensitized by intraperitoneal injection with rat anti
      serum, did not result in a detectable increase in the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)
      levels in their peritoneal fluids over the background level induced by
      sensitisation alone. The maximum amount of extravasation produced by
      intraperitoneal injection of 5-HT into passively sensitised rats was less than
      that produced by antigen or histamine, and the doses of 5-HT producing these
      levels of extravasation produced an produced an increase of 5-HT concentrations
      in the peritoneal fluids. Therefore, 5-HT is unlikely to make much direct
      contribution to the extravasation produced during rat passive peritoneal
      anaphylaxis. However, when given intraperitoneally to rats, 5-HT potentiates the
      extravasation produced by histamine.

PMID- 669830
TI  - Artificial organs; your future is assured.

PMID- 669829
TI  - Effect of antigen dose on the secondary IgE response in BN rats.
AB  - Inbred Brown Norway rats were immunized at day 0 with a single dose of ovalbumin
      and 1 mg A1(OH)3. Various doses of ovalbumin without adjuvant were given at day
      28. The secondary IgE antibody was antigen dose-dependent. Total serum IgE levels
      decreased after immunization and during the IgE antibody response.

PMID- 669831
TI  - The promise of the membrane artificial lung.
AB  - Membrane lungs are more physiologic than bubble or disc blood oxygenators.
      Membrane lungs are indispensable in long term perfusions. Recently, there has
      been a noticeable trend toward use of the membrane lung in open heart surgery.
      Improper use of the membrane lung lowers its optimum potential and may lead to
      disenchantment on the part of the user. It is important to recognize that for
      optimum performance of the membrane lung it is necessary to learn to correctly
      use the membrane lung.

PMID- 669832
TI  - Experiences in the treatment of fulminant hepatic failure by conservative
      therapy, charcoal haemoperfusion, and polyacrylonitrile haemodialysis.

PMID- 669833
TI  - Peritoneal dialysis: Cinderella or Princess?

PMID- 669834
TI  - Morphologic examination of a prototype liver assist device composed of cultured
      cells and artificial capillaries.
AB  - Cultures of the minimal deviation rat hepatoma cell line H4-11-E derived from the
      Reuber hepatoma were grown on bundles of artificial capillaries. Sections of
      those cells grown in circumfusion culture on acrylic copolymer and polysulfone
      capillaries were prepared. Light, transmission and scanning electron micrographs
      disclosed variations in cell viability in different parts of the bundle,
      variations in capillary wall structure affecting the proximity of cells to
      capillary lumen, and intraluminal sediment deposits derived from pump tubes used
      for circulating the culture medium. These sediments, by obstructing capillaries,
      inhibited cell growth and caused focal necrosis of cells. The importance of
      monitoring the morphology of cell cultures grown on bundles of artificial
      capillaries which are to be used as artificial organs is emphasized.

PMID- 669835
TI  - Response of malignant melanoma to plasma exchange, surgical debulking, and
      Corynebacterium parvum.
AB  - A 48 year old man with extensive cutaneous and subcutaneous metastatic malignant
      melanoma responded to treatment by repeated plasma exchanges, partial surgical
      debulking of tumor masses, and intravenous Corynebacterium parvum. Circulating
      immune complexes were measured by the serum C1q binding method. Tumor regression
      coincided with serum C1q binding reduction to normal levels. Clinical relapse was
      preceeded by recurrent elevation of serum C1q binding activity.

PMID- 669836
TI  - Port Moresby cocktail.

PMID- 669837
TI  - A microcomputer based portable hemodialysis system.
AB  - A microprocessor controlled portable hemodialysis system (The Suitcase Kidney)
      has been designed and 18 dialyses have been successfully completed. The
      microprocessor is shown to be an improvement and simplification over the
      conventional discrete control mechanisms presently used to monitor and control
      system functions. The microprocessor is shown to reduce development time,
      complexity and size of the system while improving patient safety. A description
      of the system is presented emphasizing the functioning of the microcomputer.

PMID- 669838
TI  - Dialysis, ultrafiltration, hemoperfusion and schizophrenia.

PMID- 669839
TI  - Spinning the wheels of biomaterials or making progress?

PMID- 669840
TI  - Metabolic disturbances and hemodialysis treatment--a clinical view.

PMID- 669841
TI  - Continuous monitoring of urea and inorganic phosphate during hemodialysis: II.
      Clinical trials.
AB  - Ion-selective eletrodes have been used to monitor urea and inorganic phosphate
      removal during dialysis. The dialysate outlow concentrations from a single pass
      beside controller were used to compute instantaneous serum concentrations. The
      urea data are in agreement with a single pool reservoir model; the inorganic
      phosphate removal was not log-linear, indicating rate limiting intracompartmental
      transfer. The procedure can be applied to the computation of urea generation
      rates and thus provide information on the protein catabolism rates of the
      patient; in addition, the monitor provides continuous checks on the dialyzer
      performance.

PMID- 669842
TI  - The conflict between anticoagulation and hemostasis during hemodialysis.
AB  - Anticoagulation with comparatively small amounts of heparin has been carried out
      in more than 3,000 acute and chronic hemodialysis procedures without problems. In
      a selected high risk group of postoperative and polytrauma patients no patient
      hemorrhages have occurred, nor have there been any clotting problems in the
      dialyser circuit. Studies to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of coagulation
      and anticoagulation in the extracorporeal environment have been performed.
      Minimal intermittent heparin administration based on plastic anticoagulation
      monitoring with the APTT method, has proven to be particularly safe.

PMID- 669843
TI  - What can we expect from the artificial liver?

PMID- 669844
TI  - Haemoperfusion over ion exchange resins and polymeric adsorbents.
AB  - A review of the development and application of haemoperfusion over ion exchange
      resins and polymeric adsorbents is presented. Aspects of biocompatibility and ion
      balance are discussed.

PMID- 669845
TI  - Hemodialysis induced hypotension.

PMID- 669846
TI  - Recent changes in the morphology of gastric cancer in Japan.
AB  - The macroscopical and histological features of 4,428 cases of gastric cancer
      resected stomachs was noted.d surgically between 1953 and 1974 were studied. Of
      these cases, 81.9% were in an advanced stage and 18.1% in an early stage. The
      following changes were observed. (1) In the group of advanced cancers, a gradual
      decrease in the frequency of Borrmann II type was noted. Most of these tumors
      were well-differentiated adenocarcinomas. (2) In the group of early cancers, a
      gradual increase in the proportion of "cancerous erosion" was detected. The
      majority of these tumors were poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas or
      infiltrating signet-ring cell cancers. (3) At intervals of 10 years, 5-10%
      decrease in the frequency of intestinal metaplasia in resected stomachs was
      noted.

PMID- 669847
TI  - The effect of mass screening in Iceland, 1965-74, on the incidence and mortality
      of cervical carcinoma.
AB  - A clinic for early detection of cancer of the uterine cervix has been in
      operation in Iceland since 1964, aimed until recently at the age-group 25-59.
      More than 85% of women in this age group have been screened at least once.
      Mortality from cancer of the cervix had been rising in Iceland, and continued to
      rise during the first few years of operation of the screening clinic. Since 1970,
      however, a more than two-fold reduction in mortality has been observed among
      women aged 25-59. There has been a similar decrease in incidence of tumours of
      stages II, III and IV. Both deaths and advanced tumours are largely confined to
      women who have never been screened. Alternative explanations are considered, but
      the only tenable explanation of the reduction in mortality is that it is a
      consequence of the introduction of a comprehensive screening programme.

PMID- 669848
TI  - Melphalan-induced chromosome damage in sensitive and resistant human melanoma
      cell lines.
AB  - Twelve consecutive treatments of a human melanoma cell line (MM253) with
      melphalan gave a subline (MM253-12M) which was five times more resistant to
      melphalan with respect to survival. In contrast to mustard-resistant rodent
      cells, the MM253-12M line had a higher stemline number than the parent line while
      growth rate and cell and colony morphology were unchanged. A further melphalan
      treatment following attempted mutagenesis with UV did not increase resistance. In
      a comparison of these two lines with two melanoma lines derived from other
      patients and the rat XC line, resistance was correlated with lower frequency of
      melphalan-induced chromosome aberrations, determined 48 h after a 4-h exposure to
      melphalan (3 microgram/ml). In the two cell lines studied, aberration-free
      metaphase cells from treated culture had fewer chromosomes than untreated cells.
      DNA synthesis studied in the 4- to 72-h period after treatment was inhibited to
      the same extent in MM253 and MM253-12M cells at 4 microgram/ml but to a greater
      extent in the sensitive line at 0.1-1.5 microgram/ml. During the first hour of
      treatment at 0.1-1.5 microgram/ml, DNA synthesis in MM253 appeared to be
      enhanced.

PMID- 669849
TI  - Specificity of acquired clonal chromosome abnormalities in New Zealand Black
      mice.
AB  - New Zealand Black (NZB) mice, an inbred strain characterized by immunological
      dysfunction and lymphoreticular malignancy, also develop populations of aneuploid
      spleen cells. In detailed cytogenetic analyses performed on 10 NZBs, the
      chromosomally abnormal cells were found to be clonally related within each mouse.
      Moreover, the karyotypic changes observed were highly non-random, usually
      involving the 15 (10/10 mice), 2 (8/10 mice), 16 or 17 (9/10 mice), and sex (6/10
      mice) chromosomes. These observations suggest an important relationship between
      chromosomal alterations and tumorigenesis in NZB mice and emphasize the role of
      chromosome 15 in murine abnormal lymphoreticular proliferations.

PMID- 669850
TI  - Accelerated growth of syngeneic tumors in mice treated with methylcholanthrene.
AB  - BALB/c and C3H- mice were given a single injection of methylcholanthrene (MCA)
      and were tested at various times thereafter for immunologic reactivity and
      resistance to syngeneic tumor challenge. MCA treatment did not affect the
      rejection of H-2-incompatible tumor allografts, the rejection of H-2-compatible
      skin allografts, or the induction of delayed hypersensitivity to DNCB as measured
      by footpad challenge. In contrast, mice treated with MCA exhibited an increase
      susceptibility to challenge with several syngeneic ultraviolet-induced and MCA
      induced fibrosarcomas. These studies demonstrate that in the autochthonous host
      the measurement of host immune status by in vivo cell-mediated immune responses
      to exogenous antigens does not necessarily predict the host response to tumor
      growth.

PMID- 669851
TI  - Abnormalities of chromosome No. 1 in human solid malignant tumours.
AB  - Marker chromosomes involving chromosome No. 1 were studied with banding
      techniques in 10 primary solid tumours. Structural or numerical aberrations of
      chromosome No. 1 were found in nine of these. Two major types of rearrangement of
      chromosome No. 1 were observed: translocation of the long arm (partial trisomy)
      and an isochromosome of of 1q. Earlier chromosome studies and the present cases
      suggest that regions near the centromere and q21 are vulnerable points on human
      chromosome No. 1, and that region q21-32 is important for development of certain
      tumour types.

PMID- 669852
TI  - Quantitation of serum complement components and plasma C3d in patients with
      malignant lymphoma: relation to the stage of the tumor and circulating immune
      complexes.
AB  - Total hemolytic complement activity (CH 50) and complement component levels were
      measured in 27 patients with Hodgkin's disease and 31 patients with non-Hodgkin
      malignant lymphoma. CH 50 values were higher than normal in almost all the
      patients. Increased levels of serum C4, C3 and factor B were observed in 62%, 31%
      and 19% of these patients, respectively. However, plasma concentration of C3d, a
      breakdown product of C3, was elevated in 29% of the cases. The hypercatabolism of
      C3 was not closely associated with the presence of circulating immune complexes,
      as assessed by the C1q binding assay, nor with the presence of general symptoms
      in the patients. On the contrary, it appeared to be in relation with the extent
      of the malignant disease.

PMID- 669853
TI  - Chromosome 14q+ in a retinoblastoma.
AB  - A chromosome 14q+ was found in the tumor cells of a patient with sporadic,
      bilateral retinoblastoma. Eighty-six per cent of the metaphases contained the
      marker. Some metaphases showed a chromosome 6q--in addition. The question of the
      specificity of such markers in lymphoid malignancies is raised.

PMID- 669854
TI  - Reproductive factors and risk for breast cancer in Iceland.
AB  - A previous publication has shown that there has been a great increase in the
      incidence of breast cancer in Iceland. The present study was undertaken to
      evaluate the importance of known risk factors connected with the reroductive
      history of the women. In a prospective investigation of a cohort of 31,453 women
      we confirmed previous findings of the increased risk following higher age at
      first pregnancy and for nulliparous women. The age at first pregnancy and the
      proportion of nulliparous women have decreased with time in the Icelandic
      population so that these factors should have tended to decrease the risk, making
      the found increase still more important. The effect of parity is that the risk
      decreases with larger number of children and this effect is independent of the
      effect of age at first pregnancy. Lower age at menarche increases the breast
      cancer risk, but the contribution of that factor to the overall risk is
      negligible.

PMID- 669855
TI  - The effect in vivo of chemotherapeutic drug--antibody conjugates in two murine
      experimental tumor systems.

PMID- 669856
TI  - Effects of Corynebacterium parvum and cortisone on the primary Lewis tumour and
      its metastases.
AB  - The effects of Corynebacterium parvum and cortisone acetate (CA) on the primary
      Lewis lung carcinoma and its pulmonary metastases were investigated. C. parvum
      given IV either on the same day or 7 days after tumour inoculation, reduced
      primary tumour growth, while 2.5 mg CA (high-dose) given SC 4 and 11 days after
      tumour, alone or in combination with C. parvum, administered on day 0, reduced
      primary tumour growth to the same extent as C. pravum alone. High-dose CA given
      on days 2 and 6 had no effect on primary tumour growth or the action of C.
      parvum, administered on day 7, while 0.05 mg CA (low-dose) given on days 4 and 11
      did not alter tumour growth or the action of C. parvum given at the same time as
      tumour. High-dose CA given 4 and 11 days after tumour caused a significant
      enhancement in metastases. C. parvum given to these mice on the same day as
      tumour significantly reduced the pulmonary nodules but only to the level found in
      control, saline-treated mice. In mice given C. parvum alone, metastases were
      significantly reduced when compared with controls. Similarly, high-dose CA given
      on days 2 and 6 significantly enhanced metastases, and C. parvum on day 7 reduced
      their level to that found in control mice. Low-dose CA had no effect on the
      number of metastases or the antimetastatic action of C. parvum. The relevance of
      these results to the clinical situation is discussed.

PMID- 669857
TI  - Karyotyping of prostatic carcinoma cell line.

PMID- 669858
TI  - Psychopathology and nonmedical drug use: a comparison of patient and nonpatient
      drug users.
AB  - This investigation examined the hypothesis that high-rate drug use is not always
      related to high levels of psychological discomfort. High-rate drug users who were
      actively involved in treatment are compared to a group of high rate drug users
      who had never been in treatment nor did they desire it at the time of the
      investigation. Although both groups used drugs with high frequency, actual
      patterns of drug use differed. Comparison of MMPI and CAPPS data suggested that
      the patients were experiencing significantly more distress than were nonpatients.
      The data further suggest that the patient group had a poorer premorbid level of
      adjustment. Based on these data patterns of drug use, possible implications for
      treatment are discussed.

PMID- 669859
TI  - Compulsive heroin use and interpersonal orientation.
AB  - This research attempt to clarify and quantify the ways in which heroin addicts
      deal with interpersonal relations. A sample of heroin addicts on a methadone
      maintenance program were given the Fundamental Interpersonal Relations
      Orientation-Behavior (FIRO-B) scale. An accidental sample consisted of 35,
      approximately one-half, of the clinic's population. A mean interpersonal
      orientation profile is established and interpreted. An analysis of variance was
      performed for each of the six FIRO-B scores. Patients needs based on FIRO-B
      scores are discussed with regard to the descriptions of addicts life-styles as
      described in the literature. The possible etiological basis for these
      interpersoanl orientations is also discussed. Several therapeutic approaches, as
      indicated by FIRO-B scores, are explored.

PMID- 669860
TI  - The validity of reported drug use: the randomized response technique.
AB  - A working outline is provided of the "randomized response model" which offers an
      alternative indirect procedure for obtaining estimates of drug use. Evidence
      obtained from an experimental study demonstrated significant underreporting of
      drug use when estimates were obtained by standard direct methods of inquiry when
      compared to those obtained by randomized response technique.

PMID- 669861
TI  - Gateway Houses: effectiveness of treatment on criminal behavior.
AB  - Arrest rates for the year preceding admission to and the year following discharge
      from the Gateway Houses program were determined for three groups of former
      residents: Group 1, early dropouts; Group 2, late dropouts; and Group 3, persons
      who completed treatment. Data were obtained from police records. Results showed
      that arrest rates for the groups were comparable prior to admission but
      significantly different following discharge. Group 1 showed no change in arrest
      rates from the year prior to admission to the year following discharge, Group 2
      showed an 81% reduction in arrest rates, and Group 3 showed a 97% reduction in
      arrest rates. It is argued that change in criminal behavior occurred as a
      function of treatment.

PMID- 669862
TI  - Pharmacotherapy of drug abusers: adjunctive psychopharmacologic management of
      nonopiate mixed substance abusers in an outpatient setting.
AB  - Conventional practice in treating nonopiate mixed substance abusers have avoided
      the use of pharmaceuticals because of the strong drug orientation of this patient
      population. The author's impressions are that this is a maladaptive treatment
      polarization, and that psychopharmacotherapy of this group of patients is not
      only sometimes useful but necessary for some individuals. Diagnostic syndromata
      and problems specific to this patient population are delineated along with our
      experience in pharmacotherapy.

PMID- 669863
TI  - Induction of alcohol withdrawal symptoms by nalorphine in chronic alcoholic
      patients.
AB  - The effect of nalorphine on eliciting symptoms of either alcohol or narcotic
      withdrawal was studied. Five male alcoholics were challenged with nalorphine and
      saline, both while sober and during alcohol ingestion. After nalorphine, pulse
      rate decreased in patients when sober, but increased when they were ingesting
      alcohol. Nalorphine administration resulted, during alcohol ingestion, but not in
      the sober state, in lacrimation, a symptom of narcotic withdrawal, in one
      patient, and in the following symptoms of alcohol or narcotic withdrawal in one
      or more patients: weakness, anorexia, insomnia, disorientation, and tremor. These
      findings suggest that morphine-like alkaloids play a role in the mediation of
      alcohol withdrawal symptoms.

PMID- 669864
TI  - The Defense Mechanism Inventory and alcoholics.
AB  - The utility of the Defense Mechanism Inventory (DMI) with alcoholic patients was
      evaluated by reviewing previous research and presenting new data concerning the
      test characteristics and the relationships between the DMI and various
      demographic, cognitive, and personality variables. In general, the defense
      mechansims of projection and turning against others was associated with greater
      anxiety, depression, and psychopathology. Utilization of the mechanisms of
      intellectualization and denial were related to lower levels of psychopathology.
      The construct validity of the DMI was questioned in view of the results obtained,
      and the utility of the measure for the prediction of treatment response of
      alcholics was discussed.

PMID- 669865
TI  - Heroin addiction as an occupation: traditional addicts and heroin-addicted
      polydrug users.
AB  - This paper discusses work aimed at exploring the possibility that heroin
      addiction is a form of work, i.e., it is an occupation no different in social or
      psychological value than any other vocation. The question of whether or not a
      heroin addict in treatment is "out of work" is also explored.

PMID- 669866
TI  - Iatrogenic addiction and its treatment.
AB  - Iatrogenic addictions, in contrast to illicit drug addictions, are commonly
      maintained for years before being brought to the attention of mental health
      professionals. Typically, by the time treatment is sought, both the physiological
      addiction and its related psychological problems have encapsulated the patient's
      life-style. The case histories described here illustrate some of the problems
      which typify treatment of the iatrogenically drug-dependent patient.
      Psychotherapeutic strategies utilizing life review, assertion training, and
      didactic teaching of alternative pain relief methods are often useful. The use of
      methadone for brief or more extended periods is sometimes helpful as an adjunct
      to psychotherapy.

PMID- 669867
TI  - Multiple drug abuse: examination of drug-abuse patterns in male prisoners.
AB  - Preincarceration drug-use patterns were investigated  retrospectively in 58 male
      prisoners, average age 18.6 years, of whom 50% were White, 43% Black, and 7%
      Hispanic. Fifty-five percent were classified as drug-dependent, 36% as regular,
      and 9% as casual users of at least one drug. Classification according to numbers
      of "hard" drugs used regularly gave equal percentages of subjects using none, one
      to two, or more than two (polydrug users). The polydrug users were predominantly
      White and often used amphetamines or hallucinogens, while those using one to two
      "hard" drugs regularly were predominantly Black, eschewed hallucinogens, and
      preferred narcotics.

PMID- 669868
TI  - Patient improvement, measured by the MMPI and Pyp, related to paraprofessional
      and professional counselor assignment.
AB  - This study examined the treatment efficacy of professional and paraprofessional
      counselors with similar caseloads of narcotic addicts stabilizaed on methadone.
      The patients assigned to a professional counselor showed a statistically
      significant decrease on the D and Sc scales of the MMPI. The patients assigned to
      paraprofessional counselors did not demonstrate statistically significant
      decreases on the scales of the MMPI. On the basis of examined patient variables,
      the two groups of patients appeared comparable in terms of demographic
      characteristics prior to admission and there did not appear to be a bias in the
      assignment of patient to counselor.

PMID- 669869
TI  - Exercise, induced bronchospasm in asthmatic children as a dose-response model for
      theophylline.
AB  - Efficacy and dose-response activity of oral theophylline were evaluated in 21
      asthmatic children, using inhibition of exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) as a
      therapeutic marker. An aqueous theophylline suspension free of alcohol, sugar,
      and dye was found to be effective for prevention of EIB when given in usual
      maintenance doses of 4 to 6 mg/kg every 6 hours for 3 weeks, following single
      loading doses of 8 mg/kg. Pulmonary function measurements (FEV1, FEF25%-75%,
      PEFR) following standardized treadmill exercise stress were signifcantly improved
      during both acute and chronic theophylline administration compared to pre-drug
      control evaluations. There were no signs of developing tolerance to theophylline.
      The drug produced at least 50% inhibition of EIB in 16 to 21 patients treated.
      Individualized adjustment of maintenance dosage resulted in optimal theophylline
      serum concentrations of 10 to 18 microgram/ml in 17 patients. Signs of drug
      toxicity were observed only when serum levels exceeded 20 microgram/ml following
      loading doses in 6 patients. Although some children required higher maintenance
      dosage because of variability in theophylline pharmacokinetics, no child
      experienced adverse effects after dosage adjustment. Serum half-life ranged
      between 86 and 351 minutes (mean, 259 minutes); mean peak serum concentration of
      theophylline after 3 weeks of treatment was 14.9 microgram/ml.

PMID- 669870
TI  - Methylergometrine (methylergonovine) concentrations in the human plasma and
      urine.
AB  - There were no significant differeneces in the radioimmunologically determined
      plasma concentrations of methylergometrine, nor in its 32-hour cumulative urinary
      excretion after a sinlge 0.250-mg p.o. dose of Methergin (Sandoz) or Myomergin
      (Leiras). Peak plasma concentrations were obtained as early as 0.5 hours after
      the drug administration. Approximately 3% of the 0.250-mg p.o. dose was excreted
      in the urine during a period of 32 hours. In two subjects, after a single 0.20-mg
      i.v. injection, the beta phase half-life in the plasma was 1.9 hours. From the
      ratio of the area under the plasma curve after p.o. and i.v. administration in
      these two subjects, it was estimated that 64% and 63% of the p.o. dose reached
      the systemic circulation. No cumulation in the plasma was observed after repeated
      p.o. doses of 0.125 mg of methylergometrine given thrice daily to the two
      subjects.

PMID- 669871
TI  - Enhanced 5-F.U. mortality in rats eating definded formula diets.
AB  - Rats eating nutritionally adequate defined-formula diets (D.F.D) before and
      following lethal i.p. injection of 5-fluorouracil exhibit increased mortality and
      shorter survival time than rats eating conventional Purina rat chow. Neither the
      presence of proteins in hydrolyzed form nor the nitrogen level in the D.F.D
      appear to be the crucial factor of enhanced lethality. The possible mechanisms
      and implications of the phenomenon are discussed.

PMID- 669872
TI  - The distribution of sulfamerazin between plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, and bile in
      humans.
AB  - The concentration-time curves of sulfamerazin were determined in plasma,
      cerebrospinal fluid (c.s.f.) and bile in two groups of patients (ventricle
      drainage and Kerr's T-tube drain). In plasma, a half-life of 13.6 hours as well
      as an invasion and evasion constant of 0.145 hours -1 and 0.051 hours -1,
      resepectively, were observed. The distribution of half-life times showed a
      bimodal behavior in these patients. The unbound part of sulfamerazin was 12% and
      the acetylated products 14%. Unlike plasma in c.s.f. and bile the influx is
      delayed up to steady state. The decreases of concentration in all three
      compartments are the same. The concentration ratio of sulfamerazin between C.S.F.
      and bile and plasma water amounted to 1 and 2.5, respectively. Of the given dose
      of sulfamerzin, 0.87% was eliminated by bile within 24 hours. The therapeutic
      conclusions are discussed with regard to the bimodal distribution of half-lives,
      the minimal inhibition concentrations and the unbound part in the plasma.

PMID- 669873
TI  - Intramuscular absorption of dihydroergotamine in man.
AB  - In order to prevent hypotension, 1.0 mg of dihydroergotamine (Vasogin) was
      injected intramuscularly to 10 patients 5 minutes before spinal anaesthesia. The
      peak plasma concentrations were measured by a radioimmunoassay as early as at 30
      minutes after drug administration, indicating a fast intramuscular absorption.
      According to the plasma levels the drug has to be given 15-30 minutes before
      spinal anaesthia.

PMID- 669874
TI  - Pharmacokinetic investigations with 3H-penta-acetyl-gitoxin in volunteers and
      patients with respect to the occurrence of drug latentiation.
AB  - After oral administration of 3H-penta-acetyl-gitoxin (Pengitoxin W.H.O.,
      Pentagit) 1.5 mg to four volunteers, serum radioactivity diclines with a half
      life of 62 +/- 10 hours. After an oral maintenance dose of 0.4 mg pengitoxin in
      five digitalized patients, four of them with a cannulated bile duct, serum
      radioactivity declines with half-life of 56 +/- 8 hours. In volunteers within 4
      days 50.7% of the administered radioactivity is excreted in urine; in the
      patients 52.3% in urine and 28.0% in bile. By thin-layer chromatographic studies,
      16-acetyl-gitoxin was charactrized as the main metabolite in serum, bile and
      urine. Furthermore, in the first 8 hours after administration, two additional
      metabolites occur in urine.

PMID- 669875
TI  - Hemodynamic effects of cutaneously administered isosorbide dinitrate ointment.
AB  - With a view to testing the hemodynamic effects of a 10% isosorbide dinitrate
      ointment, about 40 mg of the drug was applied to the skin of nine cardiologically
      healthy volunteers. The ensuing hemodynamic changes were followed up for six
      hours by means of noninvasive techniques including echocardiography. As early as
      30 min after drug application, significant decreases in heart rate, cardiac
      output, systolic blood pressure and intracardiac diameters were recorded. Only
      systolic blood pressure had returned to initial values by the end of the
      observation period. Isosorbide dinitrate ointment diminished myocardial oxygen
      consumption for a duration beyond six hr, by reducing pressure and heart-rate
      work of the left ventricle.

PMID- 669876
TI  - The pharmacokinetics of digoxin in patients with manifest hyperthyroidism and
      after normalization of thyroid function.
AB  - The pharmakokinetic data (elimination half-life, apparent distribution volume,
      total and renal clearance and cumulative urine excretion) were determined after
      intravenous administration of 1 mg digoxin in 9 female patients with an average
      age of 52 +/- 15 years with manifest hyperthyroidism. The study protocol was
      repeated after normalization of thyroid function by means of conventional
      thyrostatic therapy. Digoxin was determined by radioimmunoassay.

PMID- 669877
TI  - Clinical localization of tubular transport of exogenous substances exhibiting
      urine flow dependence excretion.
AB  - The proposed method is based on the assumption that a fluid flow dependent
      tubular transport process in the distal (diluting) segment of the nephron can be
      influenced by water diuresis as well as osmotic diuresis. If the fluid flow
      dependent transport process is localized in the proximal part of the nephron
      only, the urinary excretion of such a substance can be increased by proximal
      osmotic diuresis but not by water diuresis. By means of this method the
      localization of fluid flow dependent tubular transport processes of
      chloramphenicol and its metabolites (arylamines and total nitro compounds) has
      been studied in 17 healthy volunteers. The results indicate that the flow
      dependent transport processes of substances under study may be localized in the
      diluting segment.

PMID- 669878
TI  - Bioavailability of digoxin in capsules.
AB  - The authors have studied the bioavailability of a commercially available digoxin
      solution in capsule. Data obtained were different from that reported by other
      authors using experimental preparations. Single-dose and steady-state studies
      evidenced a similar bioavailability for capsules and standard tablets. These
      results introduce the new problem of the inadequate bioavailability of capsules.

PMID- 669879
TI  - Variable inhibition of human hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes by disulfiram.
AB  - In healthy adult males, oral treatment with disulfiram exerted variable
      inhibitory effects on various metabolic parameters of the hepatic microsomal
      enzyme system: Two 10 mg/kg doses, given at an interval of 24 hr produced only a
      marginally significant prolongation of the plasma elimination half-life of
      antipyrine. This effect was not detectable when using as a criterion the
      formation of 4-OH-antipyrine (aromatic C-hydroxylation), as measured by its renal
      excretion. In contrast, a single dose of disulfiram (10 mg/kg) was followed by a
      significant decrease in the formation of D-glucaric acid, which was demonstrable
      for 6 days and was measured by the renal excretion of D-glucaric acid over 24-hr
      periods. The same single dose of disulfiram (10 mg/kg) did not affect the
      activity of the serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. However, a single dose as
      small as 5 mg/kg caused a temporary but significant reduction in the formation of
      4-aminoantipyrine from aminophenazone (oxidative demethylation), where the renal
      excretion of 4-aminoantipyrine provided a measure of the decrease. During the
      subsequent phase of excretion, the deficit in 4-aminoantipyrine elimination was
      completely compensated for. It is concluded from the results that in man the
      impairment of oxidative N-demethylation constitutes the most sensitive criterion
      of a measurable inhibitory effect of disulfiram on the hepatic mixed-function
      oxygenase system.

PMID- 669880
TI  - The distribution of lithium into cerebrospinal fluid, brain tissue and bile in
      man.
AB  - The concentration of lithium was determined in plasma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
      and bile in two groups of 5 and 6 patients after oral administration of lithium
      carbonate (0.2 mVal/kg b.w.) in  each group. In a third group of 7 patients the
      lithium concentration in the brain and also in the CSF and the plasma was
      determined in the steady state. The influx into CSF was delayed in contrast to
      that into plasma and bile. The elimination was biexponential. The mean plasma
      half-life of lithium carbonate was 21 hours. The concentration ratio between CSF
      and bile, respectively, and plasma was 0.44 +/- 0.03 and 1.48 +/- 0.36 in steady
      state. Two percent of the given dose was eliminated with the bile within 24
      hours. There was no concentration difference in steady state between that for CSF
      and both white and grey brain matter. It is suggested that the concentration of
      lithium in CSF represents the brain concentration.

PMID- 669881
TI  - Uptake of noradrenaline by human erythrocytes.
AB  - If human red cells are incubated with either noradrenaline or isoprenaline, these
      catecholamines are adsorbed to the cells surface first in a fast reaction. In a
      second, slower reaction they enter the cell membrane and are accumulated against
      the concentration gradient by the cells. It is supposed that the catecholamines
      enter the cells by simple diffusion and that they are reversibly bound to
      hemoglobin within the cells. It is  possible that this binding plays an important
      role in the transport of catecholamines in the blood stream where, it is assumed,
      they are protected from oxidation.

PMID- 669882
TI  - beta-Endorphin: synthesis and analgesic activity of several analogs modified in
      positions 2 and 5.
AB  - The solid-phase syntheses of [Sar2]-, [Ala2]-, [D-Leu2]-, [D-Lys2]-beta
      endorphins and [Pro5]-, [Leu5]-, [D-Leu5]-, [D-Ala2, D-Leu5]-beta-endorphins are
      described. The synthetic peptides were purified by chromatography on
      carboxymethylcellulose and partition chromatography on Sephadex G-50. They were
      characterized by partition chromatography on agarose, thin-layer chromatography,
      paper electrophoresis, and amino acid analyses of acid and enzymic hydrolysates.
      Bioassay of the synthetic analogs for analgesic activity by the tail-flick method
      showed the D-Leu2 analog to be 48% as potent as betah-endorphin while the Ala2, D
      Lys2, Leu5, and [D-Ala2, D-Leu5] analogs were 8 to 17% as active. The Sar2, D
      Leu5, and Pro5 analogs were less than 1% as potent.

PMID- 669883
TI  - [52-Homoserine]-basic pancreatic trypsin inhibitor. Preparation and properties of
      a protein analog.
AB  - Treatment of basic pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) with cyanogen bromide
      smoothly cleaves the polypeptide chain at the single methionyl residue. The newly
      formed homoserine lactone and alpha-amino functions are held in proximity by a
      disulfide linkage, and in neutral aqueous solution react together spontaneously
      to re-form the peptide chain. The resulting analog, [52-homoserine]-BPTI is very
      similar to the native molecule in most properties measured. The rate of formation
      of this analog from the chain-cleaved intermediate has been determined. It is
      apparent that the facility of analog synthesis is due in large part to the
      retention of the native protein conformation in the cyanogen bromide-cleaved
      intermediate.

PMID- 669884
TI  - Graphical refinement of the amino acid molar ratio and of the molecular weights
      of peptides and proteins on the basis of amino acid analyses.
AB  - Corrected analysis results are handled graphically to find the most probable
      molar composition of polypeptides and proteins and to refine the molecular
      weights, even if only approximate molecular weights are available. The principle
      and properties of the graphical representation of idealized analyses are
      discussed first. Examples are given of the solution for a polypeptide consisting
      of 25 amino acids and for its not quite precise analysis and for a concrete
      protein - extracellular alkaline protease from Aspergillus flavus. The general
      character of the method is discussed.

PMID- 669885
TI  - Synthesis of some new analogs of the immunoadjuvant glycopeptide MDP (N-acetyl
      muramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine).
AB  - In our continued efforts to elucidate the relationship between the structure and
      the immunoadjuvant, antiinfectious or mitogenic activity of N-acetyl-muramyl-L
      alanyl-D-isoglutamine (MDP), we report the synthesis of 11 new analogs. Five of
      them present some modifications in the N-acetyl-muramyl moiety.

PMID- 669886
TI  - Preparation of protected peptide hydrazides from the acids and hydrazine by
      dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-hydroxybenzotriazole coupling.
AB  - A mild procedure for preparing protected peptide hydrazides directly from the
      corresponding carboxylic acids and equivalent amounts of hydrazine, N
      hydroxybenzotriazole and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide is described. Side reactions
      frequently encountered in hydrazinolysis are thus totally avoided. The process is
      especially useful for the preparation of aspartic acid and glutamic acid
      containing peptide hydrazides. No racemization of the amino acid residue was
      observed.

PMID- 669887
TI  - Chromosomal proteins. The amino terminal sequence of high mobility group non
      histone chromosomal protein HMG 14, showing sequence homologies with two other
      chromosomal proteins.
AB  - The amino acid sequence of the first 33 residues of the non-histone chromosomal
      protein HMG 14 has been determined. The presence of two regions of common
      sequence between HMG 14 and both the non-histone chromosomal protein HMG 17 and
      the trout specific protein, H 6, is noted.

PMID- 669888
TI  - Effect of succinylation on the oligomeric structure of arachin.
AB  - Arachin succinylated to various levels has been studied by the techniques of
      sedimentation velocity, viscosity, absorption and fluorescence spectra, optical
      rotation and circular dichroism. Succinylation up to 60% leads to the
      dissociation of the parent 14S molecule to 9S and 4S fractions; above 60%
      succinylation, 4S fraction occurs predominantly. The other measured properties
      also show a gradual change up to 50% succinylation and a marked change above this
      level. The observed changes suggest that a new organised structure is formed
      before the 4S fraction is denatured.

PMID- 669889
TI  - Questions we recognize but cannot formulate.
AB  - The individual response to psychotropic drugs, although dose-dependent, is not
      stable. In some countries the variations in drug response are more pronounced,
      indicating a higher level of susceptibility of patients. Factors of importance
      influencing the response to psychotropic drugs may be subdivided into genetic and
      environmental ones. In research meant to clarify the difference in relation to
      the geographic, ethnic and socio-cultural differences among nations and
      individuals of various ethnic origins in their alien communities, consideration
      must be given to genetic factors and environmental differences in the daily
      surroundings. The importance of both social and psychological factors should be
      recognized in the evaluation of effectiveness of pharmacotherapy.

PMID- 669890
TI  - Lipofuscin and melanin of human retinal pigment epithelium. Fluorescence, enzyme
      cytochemical, and ultrastructural studies.
AB  - The life history of melanin and lipofuscin granules of human retinal pigment
      epithelium (RPE) was studied in 30 human eyes spanning nine decades of life.
      Autofluorescent granules in the cytoplasm of eye over 30 years of age were shown,
      ultrastructurally and through lipid solvent extraction, to be lipofuscin
      granules. Sparse small fluorescent granules in infant eyes were secondary
      lysosomes containing small droplets of lipid. Flourescent substances in RPE
      granules of eyes less than 50 years old were more readily extracted with lipid
      solvents than those in very old eyes (greater than 70). Lipfuscin granules were
      positive for acid phosphatase and aryl sulfatase activity. Fusions between
      primary lysosomes and lipofuscin granules were common in older eyes, suggesting
      that the over-all degradative process involves repeated injection of lysosomal
      enzymes, i.e., the initial fusion of lysosomes with phagosomes (phagocytized
      outer segment disks) is only one of several attempts to hydrolyze the membranous
      material. Some melanin granules showed hydrolytic enzyme reactions. By use of
      enzyme cytochemistry, fluorescence microscopy, and lipid extraction two types of
      melanin-containing complex granules were identified: melanin with a cortex of
      lipofuscin (melanolipofuscin) and melanin with a cortex of nonlipid, enzyme
      reactive material (melanolysosomes). These findings indicate that  melanin
      commonly becomes incorporated into the lysosomal system of the RPE cell and
      suggests that it undergoes modification or degradation there. These studies
      indicate that a dynamic, complex interrelationship exists between the various
      components of the phagolysosomal system and the melanin granules in the RPE
      cytoplasm. Also, the observed variation from one human eye to another in the
      content and lipid extractability of RPE lipofuscin granules suggests that there
      may be differences in lipid composition of phagocytized photoreceptor disks
      and/or differences in the degradation of these lipids in the phagolysosomal
      system of the RPE cell.

PMID- 669891
TI  - The topography and age relationship of lipofuscin concentration in the retinal
      pigment epithelium.
AB  - Lipofuscin pigment granules (LPG) have been implicated as a marker of cellular
      aging. We have quantitated the content of LPG in human retinal pigment epithelium
      (RPE) as a function of age. Furthermore, topographic distribution of LPG within
      individual eyes was measured. Microspectrofluorometric determination of the
      distribution of LPG in human RPE cells revealed a progressive accumulation of LPG
      with increasing age. LPG first appeared in the basilar portions of RPE cells of
      young eyes. In older eyes, LPG formed into clumps and were noted to fill the
      entire RPE cell. The RPE topographic distribution of LPG revealed an increased
      accumulation in the posterior pole, with a consistent dip at the fovea. The ratio
      of lipofusion accumulation at the posterior pole, to the total RPE, remained
      constant throughout life.

PMID- 669892
TI  - Studies on the retina and the pigment epithelium in hereditary canine ceroid
      lipofuscinosis, I. The distribution of enzymes in the whole retina and pigment
      epithelium.
AB  - The massive accumulation of autofluorescent lipopigments, representative of
      autoxidation, is a key morphological feature in canine ceroid lipofuscinosis
      (CCL). In the eye peroxidase, catalase, and four acid hydrolases were compared
      with regard to aged and clinical condition in a series of English setters
      affected with CCL. In unaffected English setters "soluble" peroxidase increased
      in the RPE to adult levels at 2 yr of age. Affected dogs had higher RPE
      peroxidase activity earlier in life, which then decline with age. The soluble
      retinal peroxidase of both unaffected and CCL dogs increased steadily with age,
      but the latter group of dogs were much lower in activity. By 2 yr of age, RPE and
      retinal peroxidase values were only 25% and 47% of unaffected dog levels.
      Although the soluble enzyme of unaffected dogs exhibited a maturational profile,
      membrane-bound RPE peroxidase showed a hyperbolic curve reaching a maximum at 10
      mo of age. By 2 yr of age, the "bound" enzyme in affected dogs was below
      unaffected levels in the RPE and retina. Three acid hydrolases were slightly
      increased in the RPE and retina of affected dogs. Acid lipase activity, however,
      was similar in both unaffected and CCL dogs. Catalase was not found in the RPE of
      either group of dogs. The catalase activity in the retina of both affected and
      unaffected dogs was at similar levels. Since catalase is not present in the RPE,
      the major defense against peroxidase accumulation and peroxide toxicity probably
      depends upon peroxidase. The present study indicates that a decrease in this key
      regulating enzyme may be related to the formation of lipopigments in the retina
      and RPE of dogs with CCL.

PMID- 669893
TI  - Age-related and light-associated retinal changes in Fischer rats.
AB  - Morphological changes in retinas of aging Fischer 344 rats were characterized.
      The numbers of photoreceptor cells gradually decreased as rats aged. The outer
      nuclear layer was 12 cells thick at 3 months, but was reduced to less than 8
      cells by 18 months. The decrease of photoreceptor cells was more pronounced in
      rats housed under a light intensity of 32-ft-c than in rats housed under a light
      intensity of 1 ft-c. Inner and outer segments of surviving photoreceptor cells
      were morphologically normal. A new form of retinal degeneration was discovered in
      aged Fischer rats characterized by selective degeneration of peripheral retina.
      Degeneration was characterized by severe loss of photoreceptor cells in the far
      peripheral retina. Microcystoids were found in about 25% ofthe affected retinas,
      and the loss of photoreceptor cells was followed by proliferation and
      vascularization of the retinal pigment epithelium and disorganization of retinal
      structures. The incidence and severity of peripheral retinal degeneration
      increased with aged and prolonged exposure to comparatively high-intensity light.
      All Fischer rats ((5/5) housed under light intensity of 32 ft-c developed severe
      peripheral retinal degeneration by 24 months. Peripheral retinal degeneration was
      an age-related change but appeared to be exaggerated by ambient light.

PMID- 669894
TI  - Visual evoked response as a function of grating spatial frequency.
AB  - Transient visual evoked responses (VER's) to the appearance-disappearance of
      sinusoidal gratings have been investigated for a range of spatial frequencies.
      Contrary to the results of previous studies, the results show that the transient
      VER consists of a relatively simple waveform that is most easily characterized by
      the initial negative peak (N1) whose latency and amplitude vary with the contrast
      and spatial frequency of the grating. At spatial frequencies less than 3
      cycles/degree (c/d) an additional short latency component appears in the
      response. This component is maximum at 1 to 2 c/d, saturates at low contrast, and
      is insensitive to the precise position of the grating on the retina. The results
      are related to the properties of transient and sustained channels assumed to
      exist in the human visual system.

PMID- 669895
TI  - Studies on lens proteins. I. Subunit structure of beta crystallins of rabbit lens
      cortex.
AB  - A method has been developed to isolate and characterize beta-crystallins of
      rabbit lens cortex. Chromatographic separation of water-soluble structure
      proteins of rabbit lens cortex on a Sephacryl S-200 gel column yielded four beta
      crystallin peaks (beta1, beta2, beta3 and beta4), all eluting between alpha and
      gamma-crystallins. Their molecular weights were estimated to be 250,000, 130,000,
      60,000, and 37,000 daltons, respectively. SDS-gradient gel electrophoresis of
      these beta-crystallins gave rise to characteristic polypeptides; beta1, two
      polypeptides of 30,000 and 23,000 daltons; beta2, one major polypeptide of
      33,000; beta3; two polypeptides of 28,000 and 26,000; and beta4, two polypeptides
      of 22,500 and 11,200 daltons. From a knowledge of the molecular weights and the
      ratio of the polypeptides in each crystallin, their oligomeric structure was
      calculated to be 5:5, 4, 1:1, and 1:1. The relative abundance of these four beta
      crystallins was found to be 25.6%, 7.2%, 27.2%, and 2.8% of the total water
      soluble proteins of the lens cortex.

PMID- 669896
TI  - Laminar separation of light-evoked K+ flux and field potentials in frog retina.
AB  - Light-evoked changes in [K+] 0 and field potentials were recorded from the
      retinas of grass frogs. In the proximal retina, light induced an increase in
      [K+]0. This increase had components at light onset and offset, was maximal with
      small spot stimulation, and reached greatest amplitude at the same depth as the
      proximal negative response (PNR). Extracellular dye marking revealed that this
      depth was within the inner plexiform layer. The off-components of both the K+
      increase and PNR occurred distal to the on-components, thus supporting recent
      proposal that "off" synapases lie distal to "on" synapses. Since a well-developed
      M-wave, having a time course nearly identical to the K+ increase, was also seen
      in the proximal retina, this field potential appears to be a normal component of
      the intraretinal electroretinogram.

PMID- 669897
TI  - Photosensitive cataractogens, chlorpromazine and methoxypsoralen, cause DNA
      repair synthesis in lens epithelial cells.
AB  - Autoradiographic techniques showed that photoactivation of methoxypsoralen opr
      chlorpomazine caused diffuse nuclear labeling of lens epithelial cells by
      thymidine. Chlorpromazine and light also induced thymidine incorporation into
      lymphocytes, whereas light or drug alone did not cause unscheduled DNA synthesis.

PMID- 669898
TI  - Ocular penetration of 5-fluorocytosine.
AB  - Ocular penetration of 5-fluorocytosine (5FC) was studied in uninfected rabbits
      after subconjunctival and oral administration. With oral administration, 5FC
      achieved therapeutic levels in both the vitreous and aqueous humors. The use of a
      pharmacokinetic model permitted objective comparison of kinetic events within the
      eye chambers and the serum. The rates of entry and elimination in the vitreous
      were found to be slower than those in the aqueous, but the mean concentration
      over 24 hr was the same. The therapeutic levels achieved in the aqueous after
      subconjunctival administration were of shorter duration, and no detectable levels
      occurred in the vitreous. Oral administration is clearly therapeutically superior
      to subconjunctival administration in this model.

PMID- 669899
TI  - Effects of ultraviolet radiation on corneal epithelial metabolism.
AB  - Acute exposure to ultraviolet light to 257 nm wavelength produced a
      photokeratitis associated with characteristic metabolic alterations of corneal
      epithelial metabolism in rabbits. Significant increases in corneal hydration
      occurred simultaneously with decreased corneal epithelial glycogen content, but
      adenosine triphosphate content and enzyme activity of epithelial extracts were
      not affected despite clinical and histological damage to the corneal epithelium.
      The pattern and time course of ultraviolet damage to the cornea are distinctly
      different from those of other forms of trauma.

PMID- 669900
TI  - Increased saccadic latencies in amblyopic eyes.
AB  - Increased saccadic latencies were measured in the amblyopic eyes of subjects
      having amblyopia without strabismus, constant strabismus amblyopia, and
      intermittent strabismus. The subjects tracked a small, bright spot of light
      moving with random, horizontal step displacements of 0.25 to 8.5 degrees over the
      central retina. Normal saccadic latencies were generally found during monocular
      tracking with the nonamblyopic eye as well as during binocular tracking. Studies
      of eye-hand reaction time in amblyopic eyes have shown delays to occur over the
      central retina; our new finding establishes this for saccadic initiation. Normal
      trajectories found for all tracking saccades, normal saccadic latencies measured
      when the nonamblyopic eye was utilized for tracking, and synchronous movement of
      the eyes under all test conditions point to a sensory rather than motor basis
      underlying these delays. Our results are interpreted in terms of a processing
      delay in the sensory pathways leading from the central region of the amblyopic
      eye to those centers involved in saccadic initiation.

PMID- 669901
TI  - Television pupillometry via digital time processing.
AB  - A new modification of the dynamic, infrared recording pupillometer of the closed
      circuit television type has been developed, utilizing recent developments in high
      speed electronic counters. The pupillometer is simple and reliable in operation,
      has excellent response characteristics, and can be used over a broad range of
      research and clinical applications.

PMID- 669902
TI  - Accommodation and chromatic aberration in young children.
AB  - Retinoscopy through colored filters (chromoretinoscopy) was used to determine the
      portion of the chromatic aberration interval in focus when young children (2 to 6
      years of age) fixate at far and near. The results indicate that the children may
      be divided into three distinct groups. In the youngest group there is haphazard
      focusing within the chromatic aberration interval at far and near. The middle
      group shows selective focusing of the red end of the chromatic interval at both
      far and near. Children in the oldest group focus the red end when fixating at far
      and the green end when fixating at near, thereby sparing accommodation. These
      results suggest that the eye's use of the chromatic aberration interval to spare
      accommodation, as found in previous studies carried out on adults, is learned by
      about the fourth year of a child's life.

PMID- 669903
TI  - Genetic complementation between natural strains of red clover mottle virus.
AB  - Three strains of red clover mottle virus were purified and their components
      separated by density gradient and isopycnic centrifugation. The infectivity of
      the purified components and of homologous and heterologous mixtures of them was
      assayed using Phaseolus vulgaris. Infectivity enhancement occurred in all
      combinations of middle and bottom components. Local lesion isolates from
      heterologous combinations were propagated and their symptoms on Pisum sativum and
      Chenopodium quinoa are described. It was concluded that symptoms on both host
      species are determined by the middle component. Top component formation appeared
      to be influenced by both bottom and middle components.

PMID- 669904
TI  - Isoelectric focusing of parvoviruses.
AB  - Adenovirus-associated virus type 4 and X14 migrate during electrophoresis to pH
      2.6 in sucrose-stabilized, pH 2.5-6.0 gradients. Naturally occurring empty
      capsids appear to have the same isoelectric point as complete virus particles.

PMID- 669905
TI  - The binding of phenylbutazone to bovine and horse serum albumin.

PMID- 669906
TI  - The long-term effect of parathyroidectomy on renal function.

PMID- 669907
TI  - Clinical and biochemical observations on a patient with the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome.

PMID- 669908
TI  - Paraquat poisoning.

PMID- 669909
TI  - Risks and complications of gynaecological surgery.

PMID- 669910
TI  - Paraquat poisoning in agricultural workers.

PMID- 669911
TI  - Balloon distension therapy in bladder conditions.

PMID- 669912
TI  - Audit of the structured problem list as a measure of clinical judgment:
      reliability and validity.

PMID- 669913
TI  - Evidence for an alcohol brain damage syndrome.

PMID- 669914
TI  - Undetected brain damage in Irish alcoholics.

PMID- 669915
TI  - The extent of alcoholic brain damage in the Republic of Ireland.

PMID- 669916
TI  - Diabetes mellitus and heart disease.

PMID- 669917
TI  - Diabetes as a coronary risk factor in Malta.
AB  - In a retrospective survey of 1,118 admissions for acute ischemic heart disease
      (AIHD) at St. Luke's Hospital in Malta in 1963-72, there were 945 (84.5%) cases
      of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and 173 (15.5%) cases of acute coronary
      insufficiency (ACI). The proportion of patients with diabetes was 30.2% (30.7% in
      AMI, and 27.7% in ACI; age-corrected rates at greater than or equal to 40 years).
      This was significantly higher (P less than 0.01) than the corresponding rate of
      diabetes (20.2%) in the general population of Malta. There was a significantly
      greater prevalence of diabetes among women than among men with AIHD: the
      proportion with diabetes was 50.0% among women with AMI and 41.3 among women with
      ACI. The diabetes was mostly of the maturity-onset type. The high frequency of
      AIHD among diabetics seemed to be chiefly attributable to the effects of the
      diabetic state, either directly or indirectly through its association with other
      risk factors: obesity, physical inactivity, excessive eating and high plasma
      cholesterol levels. Diastolic hypertension and chronic bronchitis and emphysema
      associated withe heavy smoking were no more common in diabetics than in
      nondiabetics with AMI.

PMID- 669918
TI  - Effect of diabetes on the course of acute myocardial infarction in Malta.
AB  - Among 1,118 admissions for acute ischemic heart disease to St. Luke's Hospital in
      Malta during 1963-72, there were 945 (84.5%) cases of acute myocardial infarction
      (AMI) and 173 (15.5%) cases of acute coronary insufficiency (ACI). The ratio of
      AMI to ACI was higher among diabetic than among nondiabetic patients, especially
      among women. In comparison with the nondiabetic AMI patients, the diabetics,
      especially women, had a significantly longer interval between onset of symptoms
      and hospitalization and more often had painless infarcts, both of which resulted
      in delay of adequate treatment; the diabetics with AMI han more complications and
      a significantly higher case fatality rate (20.8vs. 14.3% for nondiabetics; in
      diabetic women the rate was 24.1%). in fatal cases of AMI the mean age at death
      was lower among diabetics than among nondiabetics. In fatal cases among diabetics
      death was more often associated with an anteroseptal AMI site, and was the result
      of one or more of the following: left heart failure (61.6%), shock (38.3%),
      sudden death from ventricular fibrillation (13.3%), atrioventricular block
      (8.3%), or systemic or pulmonary arterial thromboembolism (6.5%); it was very
      rarely the result of diabetic ketosis.

PMID- 669919
TI  - Urinary calcium excretion in schoolboys. Ethnic group differences.
AB  - The urinary calcium/creatinine ratio was estimated in two groups of schoolboys-
      village Arabs and urban Jewish (Ashkenazic) schoolboys, aged 10 to 11 years. Both
      the mean calcium/creatinine ratio and the frequency of hypercalciuria were higher
      among the Arab boys, and may be related to the higher incidence of chilidhood
      urolithiasis in Arab children in Israel.

PMID- 669920
TI  - Left ventricular wall thickness during the isovolumic relaxation period.
AB  - Left ventricular (LV) wall thickness was measured by echocardiography at the
      onset and at the end of the isovolumic relaxation period (IRP) in a group of
      normal young subjects. Measured LV minor diameter was constant during the IRP in
      these patients and there was no change in interventricular septal thickness.
      Posterior LV wall thickness increased by 12 +/- 6 (SD)% (P less than 0.001) and
      mean LV wall thickness by 6 +/- 4% (P less than 0.01). An increase in LV wall
      thickness during the IRP is consistent with simple fluid dynamic principles.

PMID- 669921
TI  - Circulation parameters in the human uteroplacental region studied by a
      radioactive method.
AB  - Maternal placental circulation is of great importance, especially in pathological
      pregnancies, but methods of functional assessment have not been effective. The
      method used is based on a follow-up of the dynamic behavior of 113mIntracer
      labeling the mothers's blood at the uteroplacental region. After localization of
      the placenta two exponential curves of the dynamic behavior of the tracer, one
      placental and the other myometrial, were obtained. The measurement was made in
      the third trimester of pregnancy in 30 women with pathological pregnancies and in
      51 pregnant control subjects. The clinically sensitive criteria for
      distinguishing between pathological and control placentas were found to be the
      ration between the specific blood flow in the placenta and that in the myometrium
      (lambda p/lambda m) and the slope (alpha) of the straight line passing through
      the points of this ratio. The value of lambda p/lambda m for pathological
      pregnancies was 5.4 +/- 1.0 (SD) vs 1.7 +/- 0.6 in control pregnancies, and the
      value of alpha for pathological cases was 6.3 compared with 1.5 for control
      subjects. These tests may be useful in the diagnosis of pathological pregnancies
      with interference in uteroplacental circulation.

PMID- 669922
TI  - Comparison of the metabolic effects of salbutamol administered in a one-minute
      bolus and a continuous infusion in patients with bronchial asthma.
AB  - A 1-min i.v. bolus injection of 300 microgram salbutamol produced transient
      hypokalemia in asthmatic patients, whereas continuous i.v. infusion of 10
      microgram/min salbutamol for 30 for 30 min produced significant and sustained
      hypokalemia. The 1-min bolus infusion of salbutamol has a distinct therapeutic
      advantage over continuous infusion of this drug, because the hypokalemia produced
      by the latter may predispose to serious cardiac arrhythmias.

PMID- 669923
TI  - Experimental amyloidosis in mice of different ages. Effects of neonatal
      thymectomy and amyloidogenic stimulation of pregnant mice.
AB  - Murine amyloidosis, induced by repeated injections of sodium caseinate, was
      compared in young and adult Swiss albino mice and in young thymectomized and
      nonthymectomized mice. Thymectomized mice developed amyloidosis earlier and more
      severely than intact mice. Mothers of young mice were injected with sodium
      caseinate during pregnancy and after birth sodium caseinate injections were given
      to the offspring, but this treatment did not seem to induce amyloidosis in the
      young mice. A much shorter latent period before development of amyloidosis was
      seen in the adult group than in the young mice. This may be the result of a
      depletion of cellular and humoral immunity with aging. The shorter latent period
      and more severe development of amyloidosis in the thymectomized groups supports
      the view that an impaired immunological state may constitute a basis for the
      development of amyloidosis.

PMID- 669924
TI  - Treatment with propranolol and hydralazine throughout pregnancy in a hypertensive
      patient. A case report.
AB  - A chronic hypertensive patient was treated with alpha-methyldopa and diuretics
      throughout the 30 weeks of her second unsuccessful pregnancy. Treatment with
      propranolol and hydralazine was effective in controlling her blood pressure and
      was continued throughout her next two pregnancies, both of which were successful.
      No adverse reactions were observed in either the mother or the infants. The
      possibility that this combined treatment is beneficial to both mother and child
      in such cases should be further explored.

PMID- 669925
TI  - Regression of malignant thymoma with metastases after treatment with
      adrenocortical steroids.
AB  - A patient with a malignant lymphoepithelial thymoma and pleural metastases is
      described. Incidental treatment with adrenocortical steroids after an allergic
      reaction resulted in a marked regression of the masses for a period of 18 months.
      A second course of treatment resulted in complete radiological regession of the
      tumors, and the patient has remained symptom free with normal chestX-rays for a
      further period of 18 months.

PMID- 669926
TI  - Zinc concentration in the plasma and stomachs of rats with gastric ulceration.

PMID- 669927
TI  - Allergic vasculitis following injection of 113mIn.

PMID- 669928
TI  - Lying to children.

PMID- 669929
TI  - Medical ethics anthologies: alternatives for teaching.

PMID- 669930
TI  - After Saikewicz: No-fault death.

PMID- 669931
TI  - Regulating an anti-aging drug.

PMID- 669932
TI  - Sterilization of the retarded: in whose interest?

PMID- 669933
TI  - The behavioral perspective.

PMID- 669934
TI  - The philosophical arguments.

PMID- 669936
TI  - Selling to children: fair play in TV commercials.

PMID- 669935
TI  - The legal precedents.

PMID- 669937
TI  - "Hyskon hysteroscopy" : a preliminary report.

PMID- 669938
TI  - Five-year Emergency Medical Services Training update for January 1, 1972 -
      January 1, 1977 and emergency personnel continuing medical education update
      effective July 1, 1977.

PMID- 669939
TI  - Under-reporting of birth defects in Hawaii: a pilot study.

PMID- 669940
TI  - Clinical pathologist's easy chair.

PMID- 669941
TI  - Headache begins at forty.

PMID- 669942
TI  - Regional cerebral hemodynamics during migraine and cluster headaches measured by
      the 133Xe inhalation method.

PMID- 669943
TI  - Systemic non-organic central pain: a new syndrome with decentralization
      supersensitivity.

PMID- 669944
TI  - An epidemiological study of headache in an urban and a rural population in
      northern Finland.

PMID- 669945
TI  - Vascular headaches in mixed connective tissue disease.

PMID- 669946
TI  - HL-A antigens in cluster headache and classical migraine.

PMID- 669947
TI  - Headaches in children: a review.

PMID- 669948
TI  - Is small beautiful?

PMID- 669949
TI  - The use of surgical beds: variations between consultants in duration of stay of
      selected operations.

PMID- 669950
TI  - The prevalence of haemoglobinopathies, nutritional iron and folate deficiencies
      in native and immigrant children in Glasgow.

PMID- 669951
TI  - Local health councils -- personal point of view.

PMID- 669952
TI  - Medical staffing in the National Health Service in Scotland.

PMID- 669953
TI  - The chief scientist reports ... prevention of hepatic necrosis following
      paracetamol overdosage.

PMID- 669954
TI  - Determination of dose rates from homogeneously distributed beta,gamma- and
      ec,gamma-emitters in phantom organs using a liquid scintillator.

PMID- 669955
TI  - Leukemia risk from neutrons.

PMID- 669956
TI  - A study on the REM ratemeter for direct reading of the dose equivalent rate.

PMID- 669957
TI  - An alternate method for MPC calculation using the absorbed dose data of MIRD
      pamphlet no. 11.

PMID- 669958
TI  - Ames collaborative study of cosmic ray neutrons: mid-latitude flights.

PMID- 669959
TI  - Maximum tolerable radiation doses recommended by the Israel advisory committee on
      nuclear safety.

PMID- 669960
TI  - Calculated gonadal doses to 78,070 patients.

PMID- 669961
TI  - Measurements of the efficiency of 7LiF thermoluminescent dosimeters of heavy
      ions.

PMID- 669963
TI  - Name for the SI unit of dose equivalent.

PMID- 669962
TI  - Measurement of 222Rn in water.

PMID- 669964
TI  - Conversion of neutrons/cm2 to rem.

PMID- 669965
TI  - Comment on NCRP report no. 53.

PMID- 669966
TI  - Comments on "Decay products of 222Rn in the living environment".

PMID- 669967
TI  - Intelligence of patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21
      hydroxylase deficiency, their parents and unaffected siblings.
AB  - IQ measurements were performed in 33 patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia
      due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency (110.6 +/- 13.9), in 29 unaffected siblings
      (113.8 +/- 11.3) and in 48 parents (104.4 +/- 9.4). The results were
      significantly higher than normal in the patients and siblings, but not in the
      parents. They were also significantly higher in the patients and siblings as
      compared to the parents. It is concluded that neither pre- or postnatal androgen
      exposure nor a genetic linkage can be made responsible for the increased IQ in
      congenital adrenal hyperplasia, but that more likely methodological factors (such
      as outdated standards) account for the higher values in patients and siblings.

PMID- 669968
TI  - [Visual discrimination conditions in infants with increased risk for cerebral
      damage].
AB  - Infants judged at birth to be at risk for cerebral damage show at 2 to 4 months
      of age significant differences compared to normal controls with respect to visual
      behavior at presentation of geometric patterns: Children of the risk group
      discriminated less consistently between a striped pattern and a homogenous gray
      surface. Their average time of fixation is significantly longer, and they show
      increased variance within the test parameters. It was therefore concluded that
      parameters of visual fixation and discrimination could probably allow for more
      reliable prognoses for future cognitive development in an infant. A longitudinal
      study to test this hypothesis is already in execution.

PMID- 669969
TI  - Progression of renal insufficiency in pediatric patients: estimation from serum
      creatinine.
AB  - Progression of renal insufficiency was estimated from serial serum creatinine
      (SCr) determinations in 45 pediatric patients with SCr greater than 2 mg/dl. This
      was done by plotting the logarithm of SCr (log SCr) versus time or the reciprocal
      (l/SCr) versus time. Calculation of data by linear regression analysis was
      restricted to 38 of these patients where at least 4 sequential SCr determinations
      were available. In 24 patients, a similar straight line relationship was observed
      on both plots. The semilog plot appeared more suitable in 2, and the reciprocal
      plot in 7 instances. In 5 patients progression of renal insufficiency was clearly
      non-linear. In the majority (33 of 38) of pediatric patients, loss of renal
      function occurred thus at an exponential rate (log SCr) or at a constant rate
      (l/SCr). The mean rate of progression of chronic renal insufficiency, expressed
      as SCr doubling time on the semilog plot, was 2.4 months in 10 patients with
      acquired glomerular diseases, 17 months in 3 patients with cystinosis, 27.7
      months in 5 patients with renal hypoplasia or dysplasia, and 21.8 months in 13
      patients with urinary tract abnormalities.

PMID- 669970
TI  - Renal transport of amino acids in children with oculocerebrorenal syndrome.
AB  - Inulin and amino acid clearance studies were made in 6 boys with
      oculocerebrorenal syndrome (Lowe) aged 11 months to 5 years. Glomerular
      filtration rate ranged between 50 and 112 ml/min/1.73 m2. Clearance values of all
      amino acids were increased. Tubular reabsorption of cystine, ornithine, lysine
      and arginine was relatively more reduced than that of the other amino acids. In
      Lowe's syndrome the transport system of the basic amino acids and cystine appears
      to be more impaired than that of other amino acids.

PMID- 669971
TI  - [The milk curd syndrome].
AB  - The milk curd syndrome is an as yet little known cause of intestinal obstruction
      in neonates. Two personal cases are reported, and 37 others are collected from
      the world literature. Infants with milk curd syndrome have a normal discharge of
      meconium. The intestinal obstruction appears usually between the 2nd and 16th day
      after birth. In most of the cases, the milk curd was found in the distal part of
      the ileum. The aetiology of the milk curd obstruction syndrome remains still
      unclear. The composition of artificial milk feeding formula in connexion with
      transitory absorption deficiency of amino acids, and the possibility of a
      temporarily insufficient excretion of bile acids are discussed.

PMID- 669972
TI  - Congenital thrombocytopenia, associated with raised concentrations of haemoglobin
      F. A case report.

PMID- 669973
TI  - Pulmonary hypoplasia, multiple ankyloses, and camptodactyly: one syndrome or some
      related forms?
AB  - Four perinatally dying infants with multiple congenital malformations, including
      pulmonary hypoplasia, multiple ankyloses, abnormalities of the face and
      camptodactyly are presented. The differences both for severity of pulmonary
      hypoplasia and for the type of associated malformations suggest that this complex
      of abnormalities is not a single syndrome but a complex of related entities.
      These entities and some other genetical syndromes may form a "community of
      malformations" involving facial, skeletal (arthrogryposis, camptodactyly) and
      placental abnormalities.

PMID- 669974
TI  - A comparative study on the methods of quantitative analysis of sodium
      cephalothin.

PMID- 669975
TI  - Investigation on phase IV in lateral position.

PMID- 669976
TI  - Effect of serum on the infiltration of dyes into FL cells.

PMID- 669977
TI  - Studies on an implantable assist and total heart system including a new
      conventional assisted circulation.

PMID- 669978
TI  - Closure of the ductus arteriosus in normal and malformed human heart.

PMID- 669979
TI  - Inhibitory effect of D-mannosamine on the growth of D-glucosamine-requiring
      mutant strain of Chinese hamster lung cells.

PMID- 669980
TI  - A study of intravenous admixtures--stability of sodium cephalothin in large
      volume parenteral solutions.

PMID- 669981
TI  - Effects of ionizing radiations on human costal cartilage and exploration of the
      procedures to protect the tissue from radiation damage.
AB  - The chemical changes produced following 60Co-gamma-irradiation of human costal
      cartilage have been monitored using "critical electrolyte concentration" (CEC)
      measurements utilizing Alcian Blue--magnesium chloride and Toluidine Blue--sodium
      chloride systems. The decrease in the CEC with radiation can be related to the
      decrease in hexose and hexosamine contents of the cartilage. Such changes arise
      as a result of degradation of the glycosaminoglycan component of the tissue. The
      state of the collagen fibres after irradiation has been examined using the Van
      Giesson stain and by biochemical assay of the hydroxyproline moeity. Energy
      transfer methods have been utilized to protect the glycosaminoglycan component of
      the cartilage from radiation damage.

PMID- 669982
TI  - Enzyme histochemical studies on the Purkinje fibers of the atrioventricular
      system of the bovine and porcine hearts.
AB  - In this communication the results of applying various histochemical semipermeable
      membrane techniques to the localization of several enzymes in bovine and porcine
      heart are presented. The Purkinje fibers of the atrioventricular conducting
      system of the bovine heart differ from the myocardium proper in containing a
      greater activity of the glycolytic and gluconeogenetic enzymes--lactate 
      dehydrogenase, glyceraldehyde-phosphate dehydrogenase, hexokinase,
      glucosephosphate isomerase and phosphoglucomutase, and less activity of the
      aerobic enzymes--NADH: nitroBT oxidoreductase and isocitrate dehydrogenase
      (NADP+). The metabolic reactions obtained with Purkinje fibers of the porcine
      heart are less pronounced. These histochemical findings are in accordance with
      the impression that Purkinje fibers, compared with the common myocardial fibers,
      have a higher rate of anaerobic metabolism and a lower rate of aerobic
      metabolism. The activity of the NADPH regenerating enzymes glucose-6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase and phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating), and the
      activity of acid hydrolases such as non-specific esterase and acid phosphatase is
      higher in the Purkinje fibers of both the bovine and porcine heart.

PMID- 669983
TI  - Quantitation of mitochondrial injury in cultured rat heart endothelioid cells
      with nitroblue tetrazolium.
AB  - A sensitive method is presented for measurement of changes in the permeability of
      mitchondria in cultured cells. Rat heart endothelioid cells were used to
      determine the penetration rate of nitroblue tetrazolium (NitroBT) or other
      reactants into mitochondria in situ. Nitroblue formazan, produced as a
      consequence of succinate dehydrogenase activity in the mitochondria, was eluted
      and measured with a spectrophotometer. Prior injury of cells with hypo-osmolar
      solutions increased the rate of formazan production. Several methods are
      described or suggested for the statistical analysis of the data.

PMID- 669984
TI  - Endogenous peroxidase in mast cells localized with a semipermeable membrane
      technique.
AB  - Hamster mast cells have been found to give strong peroxidatic reactions at pH 5,
      7.5 and 10 when sections of skeletal muscle are incubated for 2.5 h in the dark
      at room temperature on semipermeable membranes covering a gelled incubation
      medium consisting of 0.01% hydrogen peroxide, 5.5mM diaminobenzidine and 1.36%
      agar dissolved in Universal buffer. The technique is very efficient: with it, all
      mast cells react in marked contrast to the negative reaction they usually give
      with conventional techniques. The peroxidatic reactions are abolished if tissues
      are perfused beforehand with either aminotriazole or KCN but not if these
      inhibitors are incorporated in the gelled incubation medium. This and other
      evidence suggests that the mast cell reactions are not due to either catalase or
      haemoglobin adsorbed onto mast cell granules from lysed red blood cells. Skeletal
      muscle fibres do not exhibit any visible peroxidase activity with the membrane
      technique.

PMID- 669985
TI  - A quantitative study of the effects of different grades of polyvinyl alcohol on
      the activities of certain enzymes in unfixed tissue sections.
AB  - Different grades of the colloid stabilizer, polyvinyl alcohol, used for
      protecting unfixed cryostat sections during cytochemical reactions, may have
      different effects on enzymatic activity. The influence of three grades of
      polyvinyl alcohol on the activities of "soluble", membrane-bound and membrane
      enclosed enzymes has been investigated in unfixed sections; the activities were
      measured microdensitometrically. The largest molecular weight polyvinyl alcohol
      (G18/140, mol. wt. about 90 000) did not retain glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
      activity in sections of rat liver even when used at the maximum convenient
      concentration (12%); G04/140 and M05/140 (molecular weights of 15 000 and 25 000
      respectively) retained this soluble enzyme if used at concentrations of 30 and
      20% respectively. At these concentrations, lactate dehydrogenase activity was
      apparently decreased when G04/140 and M05/140 were used; this diminished activity
      has been shown to be due to the need to establish optimal concentrations of
      reactants for each grade of polyvinyl alcohol and for each reaction. When optimal
      concentrations of reactants were used, the activities of this enzyme in the
      presence of each grade of polyvinyl alcohol were identical. The presence of any
      type of polyvinyl alcohol did not influence the activities of mitochondrial
      succinate dehydrogenase or of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum enzyme,
      delta5,3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. However, the presence of polyvinyl
      alcohol improved the state of the section.

PMID- 669986
TI  - The peroxisome (microbody) membrane: effects of detergents and lipid solvents on
      its ultrastructure and permeability to catalase.
AB  - The effects of detergents, organic lipid solvents, and several adjuvants used in
      cell fractionation on the ultrastructure of the peroxisomal (microbody) membrane
      and its permeability to catalase have been investigated. Chopper sections of
      glutaraldehyde-fixed liver were incubated in the presence of various agents,
      followed by cytochemical staining for catalase and processed for electron
      microscopy. Catalase activity was also determined biochemically in the incubation
      medium. Marked catalase diffusion was found after treatment with 1% or 0.5%
      Triton X-100 or deoxycholate, as well as with 50% ethanol or acetone or 20%
      propanol or t-butanol. In contrast, 1% digitonin and lower concentrations of the
      above agents, as well as sucrose or glycerine caused selective diffusion of
      catalase from a limited population of peroxisomes. Treatment with 10%
      polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), which has been used as a protective agent in the
      isolation of microbodies, did not produce any alteration in the fine structure
      and cytochemical appearance of peroxisomes. These findings concur with earlier
      biochemical studies on freshly isolated peroxisomes and demonstrate the
      susceptibility of microbodies, even in glutaraldehyde-fixed rat liver to the
      effects of various agents which affect the microbody membrane. A close
      correlation between the ultrastructural integrity of the microbody membrane and
      its permeability to catalase has been found. The significance of these
      observations for the assessment of the permeability characteristics of the
      microbody membrane is discussed.

PMID- 669987
TI  - Methodological aspects of the histochemical localization and activity of some
      cerebellar dehydrogenases.
AB  - In a detailed study focused on the methodological problems in dehydrogenase
      histochemistry [e.g., fixation, diffusion of enzymes and of reduced inermediates,
      conversion of NADPH and NADP to NADH and NAD, respectively, penetration of
      tetrazolium salt and formazan substantivity, 'nothing dehydrogenase' reaction,
      use of exogenous CoQ10 and of flavoprotein substitute (PMS)], the distribution
      and activity of succinate dehydrogenase, NAD(P)H-tetrazolium reductase, glucose-6
      phosphate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase (H and M types), and of L
      glutamate dehydrogenase (E.C.1.4.1.2 and E.C.1.4.1.3) have been investigated in
      the rat cerebellum. It was evident from the study that reliable results could
      only be obtained if all the aforementioned factors had been considered. The image
      of actual concentration of SDH in the neuropil of the molecular layer could only
      be recorded by adding CoQ10, while other structures exhibited greater balance
      between SDH and endogenous mitochondrial CoQ. Contrary to previous studies, a
      reversed localization of the activity of G-6-PDH and LDH was noticed. The
      elements of molecular and Purkinje layers were rich in G-6-PDH, while the
      granular layer was nearly depleted. The actual level of LDH could only be
      recorded if NADH-tetrazolium reductase was bypassed with PMS. The H and M types
      of LDH coexisted in the three cortical layers, the H type being prevalent and the
      M type attaining its highest level in synaptic glomeruli followed by the
      structures of the molecular layer and the Purkinje cells. High activity of GDH
      was noticed in Bergmann glia followed by synaptic glomeruli, while most other
      structures showed weak to moderate activity. The two GDH types coexisted in all
      structures showing activity, except for Bergmann cells, which only showed
      presence of the E.C. 1.4.1.3 type. Furthermore, Bergmann glia was exceptional by
      showing no activity of SDH and LDH, but strong activity of G-6-PDH and NADPH
      tetrazolium reductase. The granular cells were exceptional by showing weak or no
      activity of all enzymes in question.

PMID- 669988
TI  - D-Ephedrinephosphate, DEP: a new substrate with specificity for prostatic acid
      phosphatase (PAP).
AB  - This report describes the synthesis and physical (including spectral) properties
      of a new substrate, D-ephedrinephosphate, DEP1, which is histochemically highly
      specific for a secreted non-lysosomal prostatic acid phosphatase, PAP. This
      specificity is in contrast to other substrates which are nonspecific, i.e., which
      demonstrate acid phosphatases that originate from various cell types and are
      mainly lysosomal. When this substrate is used for light and electron microscopic
      histochemistry in a modified Gomori medium, PAP is demonstrated mainly in
      secretory granules and in the Golgi apparatus (and its related vacuoles) of
      prostatic epithelial cells of several species of mammals including man. This
      corroborates our previous suggestion that PAP is not a lysosomal enzyme as are
      many of the other acid phosphatases. This high degree of specificity of DEP for
      PAP supports the usefulness of this compound in the histochemical and biochemical
      characterization of PAP, and in the diagnosis of localized or disseminated
      prostatic disease.

PMID- 669989
TI  - Isolation and thin-layer chromatographic identification of several peptides with
      NH2-terminal tryptophan and their histochemical demonstration in the ACTH cells
      of the rat hypophysis.
AB  - Methods for the isolation and thin-layer chromatographic identification of amino
      terminal tryptophyl-peptides presumably responsible for histochemical tryptophyl
      peptide reactions in the ACTH cells of the rat hypophysis are described. In the
      hypophyseal extract several tryptophylpeptide bands--depending on the
      homogenization solution--were demonstrated on thin-layer chromatograms.
      Tryptophyl-peptides were demonstrated from their fluorescence induced 1) with
      glyoxylic acid (glyoxylic acid introduced into the homogenization solution), 2)
      by exposure of the chromatographic plates to combined formaldehyde and chloral
      vapour or 3) by exposure to combined formaldehyde and acetyl chloride vapour. A
      positive PAS reaction was demonstrated in some tryptophyl-peptide bands. Thus,
      some tryptophylpeptides seem to contribute to the observed PAS positivity of the
      ACTH cells.

PMID- 669990
TI  - Mechanism for transport of nitro-blue tetrazolium into viable and non-viable
      leukocytes.
AB  - The permeability of the membrane of phagocytic leukocytes (WBC) to the non
      complexed nitro-blue tetrazolium (NBT) cation has not been well explored. In this
      study both complexed and non-complexed (or free) NBT have been incubated with
      viable cells. The entry of NBT into the WBC was determined by both colorimetric
      and infrared analyses. Very little free NBT enters the viable WBC compared with
      NBT complexed with serum factors. NBT entry was also studied in non-viable WBC by
      use of the infrared system. The entry of NBT into the non-viable cells was
      independent of serum complexing factors. Much larger quantities of both free and
      complexed NBT enter non-viable cells than enter viable WBC. It is concluded that
      the membrane of the viable WBC is quite impermeable to the free NBT cation.
      Ultrastructural studies suggest that the gaps in the plasma membrane of non
      viable cells could allow the passage of relatively large amounts of both free and
      complexed NBT.

PMID- 669991
TI  - Evidence of the presence of extraperoxisomal catalase in chloragogen cells of the
      earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris L.
AB  - The DAB reactivity of the midintestine of the earthworm, consisting of epithelial
      layer, muscle layer, and chloragogen tissue, was examined electron
      microscopically. Besides the mitochondrial membranes of the examined cell types
      and the hemoglobin content of the blood vessels and chloragogen cells, a
      considerable DAB reactivity was found in the whole cytosol of the chloragocytes.
      The DAB reaction of the cytosol was more intensive when incubation medium for
      catalase, less intensive when incubation medium for peroxidase, was used and did
      not occur when H2O2 was omitted. Cytosol of the chloragogen cells was isolated
      and preliminary assay of catalase and peroxidase activities was made. Cytosol
      samples showed moderate peroxidase activity, but catalase activity measured by
      the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide showed a very high rate. Catalase and
      peroxidase activities of the cytosol were heat-sensitive and might have been
      inhibited by azide and cyanide, respectively. Results prove the assumption that
      the intensive DAB reactivity of the chloragocyte cytosol is caused by its
      extraperoxisomal catalase content.

PMID- 669992
TI  - The vegetative network in the guinea pig and rat sacral spinal cords.
AB  - The intermediate zones in the sacral segments of guinea pig and rat spinal cords
      are histochemically investigated for the presence of catecholaminergic and
      cholinergic structures. The presence of a well-developed noradrenergic network is
      demonstrated. This network connects the preganglionic vegetative nuclei in
      horizontal and vertical directions. In addition, only some fibers from the
      bundles composing this network show acetylcholinesterase activity.

PMID- 669993
TI  - [Report of the "Head and Neck Cancer Conference" UICC, 16./17. September 1977,
      Essen. (author's transl)].

PMID- 669994
TI  - [The value of stapedius reflex examinations in patients with myasthenia gravis
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The behavior of the stapedius reflex was examined by means of the Z0-70 Madsen
      electroacoustic bridge in 41 patients (aged 9-73) with myasthenia gravis. A
      higher stapedius reflex threshold (90-130 db) at normal hearing was found in 66%
      of the cases. In 46.3% of the cases, an increased fatigue of the stapedius muscle
      was observed, as characterized by the lowering of the amplitude or the
      disappearance of the reflex after several successively repeated recordings. The
      examination of stapedius muscle fatigqu may be helpful indiagnosing early forms
      of myasthenia, in following the results of therapy for the disease, as well as in
      assessing the efficiency of antimyasthenic drugs.

PMID- 669995
TI  - [An orbital rhabdomyosarcoma mimicking a mucocele (author's transl)].
AB  - Rhabdomyosarcomas are rare tumours of the paranasal sinuses nad orbit. However
      they represent a broad group of childhood malignant soft tissue tumours. The
      presentation of these tumours often causes great diagnostic difficulty,
      especially if they involve the medical orbital wall. Certain diagnostic problems
      are discussed from our own experiences.

PMID- 669996
TI  - [Restricted motility of the tongue--the reason for or a symptom of childhood
      speech disorders (author's transl)].
AB  - From the assessment of more than 1000 children aged 3 to 6 years is a significant
      relationship between articulation speech disorder s and defective motiiity of the
      tongue. In addition to this direct relationship there might be an indirect
      connection as well. A central nervous disorder could possibly be the common
      reility of 865 kindergarten children was examined by a test method developed by
      ourselves. At the same time the degree of language disturbance and of speech
      defect were measured. Whereas there was again language disturbance and tongue
      mobility, this latter defect has no influence on the kind of speech disorder
      observed. There is probably therefore no direct relationship between restricted
      tongue movement and articulation skills. It is important to consider whether
      articulation defects and restricted motility of the tongue have a common use in
      the central nervous system.

PMID- 669997
TI  - [Functional hearing loss in speech audiometry (author's transl)].
AB  - In a group of 238 patients assessed for medico-legal reasons, 26 subjects were
      found to have functional hearing problems. In detecting the presence of
      functional hearing loss, the reliability of speech audiometric patterns was
      shown. Each patient demonstrated at least one suspicious response. The evaluation
      revealed an irregular configuration of curves ("step-like", 56%) and a better
      understanding for monosyllabic testwords than for digits (28.8%) as the most
      important criteria. In the control group of 40 hard-of-hearing patients without
      functional hearing losses, testing-irregularities were found in only 2.5-3.7% of
      the patients. Furthermore, discrepancies between speech reception thresholds and
      pure tone averages (84.6%) as well as poor test-retest reliability in tone
      audiometry contributed to an identification of functional hearing loss. Bekesy
      audiometry Type V was obtained in 73% of those patients studied.

PMID- 669998
TI  - On psychoanalysis, values, and ethics.

PMID- 669999
TI  - The inevitability of uncertainty.

PMID- 670000
TI  - Notes on loneliness.
AB  - Loneliness in this article is discussed in order to make it more discernable.
      Psychoanalytic literature has been surveyed relevant to loneliness and related
      issues. Noted is the importance of individualism in America, citing Thoreau as a
      model for individualism. Edgar Allan Poe's story "The Man of the Crowd" is
      discussed to illustrate desperate loneliness. The topic of loneliness connects to
      issues of empathy, loneliness in treatment, the countertransference response to
      loneliness, the study of self experience, and the problems created by the use of
      the term identity. The historical perspective indicates how we are time bound to
      the vocabulary, theories, ideas and myths of our era, to which, in our
      loneliness, we cling.

PMID- 670001
TI  - Transvestism: new perspectives.

PMID- 670002
TI  - A developmental approach to depression in childhood and adolescence.

PMID- 670003
TI  - The function of wit and humor in psychoanalysis.

PMID- 670004
TI  - Psychoanalytic writing: an essay on communication.

PMID- 670005
TI  - A case of healing in malignancy.

PMID- 670006
TI  - Ventilatory response to medroxyprogesterone acetate in normal subjects: time
      course and mechanism.
AB  - The time course of ventilatory adaptation to medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA)
      and potential mediators of this response in plasma and lumbar CSF were determined
      in five healthy adult males. A significant decrease in arterial PCO2 (PACO2) at
      rest and exercise was noted within 48 h of drug administration with the maximum
      effect reached within 7 days and amounting to a 5-Torr decrement in PACO2. Blood
      and lumbar cerebrospinal fluid pH because significantly alkaline to control as
      soon as the ventilatory resporse was noted and remained alkaline during the
      treatment period. The ventilatory and dP/dt max response to exogenous CO2 was
      unchanged but their response to moderate exercise was increased after MPA. MPA
      rlated materials were detected in both the plasma and CSF as soon as the
      ventilatory response was noted. The increase in CSF MPA-related materials
      approximated the unbound fraction determined in plasma. We conclude that [H+] in
      plasma and CSF is a function rather than a cause of ventilator acclimatization to
      MPA. MPA-related materials are capable of crossing the blood-brain barrier and
      could potentially exert their ventilatory stimulant effect by some central
      mechanism.

PMID- 670007
TI  - Mechanics of the human diaphragm during voluntary contraction: dynamics.
AB  - We determined the static, isometric relationship between diaphragmatic EMG (Edi)
      and transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) in man at specified abdominothoracic
      configurations, assessed with magnetometers. During inspiratory airflow,
      measurements of Edi and Pdi were taken as the respiratory system passed through
      the same configuration as obtained during the static isometric contractions,
      allowing a comparison of static and dynamic contractions of the diaphragm at a
      given length and curvature. When voluntary inspiratory maneuvers are performed
      with no associated outward displacement of the abdominal wall, or with slight
      inward displacement, the Pdi developed dynamically is the same as that developed
      statically at a given Edi. When outward movement of the abdominal wall occurs
      during inspiratory airflow, the Pdi developed dynamically depends on the rate of
      abdominal displacement, not on overall inspiratory airflow rate. We conclude that
      the velocity of shortening of the diaphragm increases directly as the rate of
      abdominal displacement. We construct a pressure-flow analogue of the force
      velocity relationship for the diaphragm and discuss the functional implications
      of these observations in relation to spontaneous breathing.

PMID- 670008
TI  - Elastic constants of trapped lung parenchyma.
AB  - Isolated dog lobes were maximally trapped with air, and their parenchymal elastic
      properties were measured at the trapped volume. Indentation tests were performed
      on the surface of the lobes, followed by uniaxial and torsion tests on excised
      pieces of parenchyma. Similar values for Young's modulus were obtained from the
      indentation and uniaxial tests. The values for the shear modulus from the torison
      tests also were consistent with Young's modulus measured by the other procedures.
      The indentation test provided an accurate estimate of Young's modulus or the
      shear modulus for trapped lobes, and the results suggest that it is a valid
      method for estimating these constants in nontrapped lobes.

PMID- 670009
TI  - Effect of parenchymal shear modulus and lung volume on bronchial pressure
      diameter behavior.
AB  - A method that interrelates lung pressure-volume behavior, bronchial pressure
      diameter behavior, and parenchymal shear modulus is presented. The method was
      used to predict changes in intraparenchymal bronchial diameter that occurred when
      lobe pressure-volume behavior and parenchymal shear modulus were markedly changed
      by inducing air trapping in isolated dog lobes. Predictions agreed with
      measurements, thereby supporting the general method. Measured values for the
      shear modulus were approximately 0.7 times the transpulmonary pressure for the
      control state. Estimated values for the peribronchial pressure difference from
      pleural pressure during a deflation pressure-volume maneuver for transpulmonary
      pressures below 12 cmH2O were small, approximately +/- 1 cmH2O, its sign being
      positive or negative, depending on whether the bronchus was dilated or
      contricted.

PMID- 670010
TI  - Faster adjustment of O2 uptake to the energy requirement of exercise in the
      trained state.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of endurance exercise
      training on the time course of the increase in VO2 toward steady state in
      response to submaximal constant load work. Seven men participated in a strenuous
      program of endurance exercise for 40 min/day, 6 days/wk for 10 wk. Their average
      VO2max increased from 3.29 liters before training to 4.53 liters at the end of
      the training program. VO2 was measured continuously on a breath-by-breath basis
      at work rates requiring 40%, 50%, 60%, or 70% of VO2max before training. After
      training the subjects were retested both at the same absolute and the same
      relative work rates. The increases in VO2 toward steady state occurred more
      rapidly in the trained than in the untrained state both at the same absolute and
      at the same relative work rates. The finding that O2 uptake rises to meet O2
      demand more rapidly in the trained than in the untrained state provides evidence
      that the working muscles become less hypoxic at the onset of exercise of the same
      intensity after training.

PMID- 670011
TI  - Indices of thermoregulatory strain for moderate exercise in the heat.
AB  - The effect of varying humidity and dry bulb temperatures was studied on five
      normal male unclothed subjects while exercising (40-45 min) at 28% VO2max. Air
      movement was 0.75 m.s-1. The initial test and the 16th test on each subject both
      done at 50 degrees C and 30 Torr (32% rh). Each subject did the intervening 14
      experiments twice per day at varying ambient temperature (Ta) and water vapor
      pressure (Pa) levels, so selected to progressively increase skin wettedness
      levels. Mean skin temperature (Tsk) and esophageal temperature (Tes), heart rate
      (HR), skin evaporative heat loss (Esk), and warm discomfort were continuously
      observed. Skin wettedness (w) was evaluated as the ratio of the observed Esk to
      the maximum evaporative capacity of the environment. A rational effective
      temperature (ET) is defined as the dry bulb temperature at 50% rh in which the
      total heat exchange from skin surface would be the same as in the test
      environment, described by the observed Ta and Pa. The results showed that 1)
      during steady state both HR and Tes were unaffected by Ta from 26 to 41 degrees C
      responding to the level of exercise intensity, when Pa less than or equal to 20
      Torr; 2) both mean body temperature, found by weighting Tsk:Tes by 1:9, and ET
      were each significant indicators of physiological strain when Pa greater than 20
      Torr; 3) a level of strain, caused by skin wettedness values greater than 0.5, is
      suggested as a primary condition necessary for inducing heat acclimation.

PMID- 670012
TI  - Physiological and biophysical limits to work in the heat for clothed men and
      women.
AB  - Heat-acclimated, lightly clothed men and women (four of each) walked on a
      treadmill at 25% and 43% VO2 max, respectively, (M =194 W.m-2), under seven air
      temperatures (Ta) ranging from 36 to 52 degrees C. Each experiment involved 1 h
      of fixed and a 2nd h of progressively increasing ambient vapor pressure (Pa). The
      relative steady state of rectal temperature (Tre), mean skin temperature (Tsk),
      and heart rate (HR) reached in the 1st h were forced upward during the 2nd h by
      the rising Pa. The critical air vapor pressure (Pcrit) was identified by the Tre
      point of inflection for each Ta. One man did not fully reach steady state, but
      inflection could be determined for his physiological responses. The mean values
      of all points of inflection were calculated for Tre, Tsk, and HR. Significant sex
      difference in HR was found only by excluding the results of the one man. Tre and
      Tsk showed no significant difference between men and women. The coefficient for
      evaporative heat transfer (he), which could be derived using the Pcrit for the
      low Ta range, was 14.5 +/- 2.2 W.m-1 Torr-1.

PMID- 670013
TI  - Response of the renin-aldosterone system in the camel to acute dehydration.
AB  - Plasma renin activity (PRA), renin substrate concentration (PRS), aldosterone
      concentration (PA), and cortisol levels were determined in five camels during
      dehydration (8-10 days complete denial of water) and at timed intervals after
      rapid rehydration in cool spring and hot summer weather. Plasma sodium
      concentration increased from 138 +/- 3.7 to 147 +/- 2.5 (mean +/- SE) meq/l
      during spring dehydration, and from 146 +/- 1.3 to 157 +/- 1.14 meq/l during
      dehydration in the summer. Plasma sodium concentration returned to control levels
      over the course of several hours following rapid rehydration. Only minor changes
      in plasma potassium concentration occurred. The hormonal changes were accentuated
      in the summer dehydration. PRA increased slightly on dehydration, and returned to
      control levels over the course of several hours following rehydration. PA
      increased slightly on dehydration but was markedly elevated 24 h after
      rehydration. PRS showed a slight increase following rehydration in the spring
      experiment, but no significant change in the summer experiment. Changes in
      cortisol were insignificant. The results are consistent with a role for
      angiotensin and aldosterone in enhancing sodium and water reabsorption from
      kidney and large intestine on dehydration in this species.

PMID- 670014
TI  - Pathogenesis of upper airway occlusion during sleep.

PMID- 670015
TI  - Effects of exercise on sleep.
AB  - We tested the hypothesis that EEG sleep stages 3 and 4 (slow-wave sleep, SWS)
      would be increased as a function of either acute of chronic exercise. Ten
      distance runners were matched with 10 nonrunners, and their sleep was recorded
      under both habitual (runners running and nonrunners not running, 3 night) and
      abruptly changed (runners not running and nonrunners running, 1 night)
      conditions. Analyses of both visually scored SWS and computer measures of delta
      activity during non-rapid eye-movement (NREM) sleep failed to support the SWS
      exercise hypothesis. The runners showed a significantly higher proportion and a
      greater absolute amount of NREM sleep than the nonrunners. The runners showed
      less rapid eye-movement activity during sleep than the nonrunners under both
      experimental conditions, indicating a strong and unexpected effect of physical
      fitness on this measure. Modest afternoon exercise in nonrunners was associated
      with a strong trend toward elevated heart rate during sleep. Mood tests and
      personality profiles revealed few differences, either between groups or within
      groups, as a function of exercise.

PMID- 670016
TI  - Optimal rate of work for mountaineers.
AB  - The physiological responses of seven young male highlanders were recorded at high
      altitude while they were carrying loads (0, 25, 35, 45, and 55 kg) on snow at
      different speeds, supporting the loads on their backs by circular straps around
      the forehead. The rates of work calculated from the gross weight (body weight
      plus actual load in kg) multiplied by the speed of walking, m.min-1, ranged from
      4,460 to 8,440 kg.m.min-1. The relationship between the rate of work and energy
      expenditure was rectilinear within the present range of values. The oxygen
      consumption (51.6 and 59.7 ml.min-1.kg-1 BW) for 55-kg load (at 4.09 and 4.64
      km.h-1) possibly reached maximal aerobic capacity. At higher energy output at
      high altitude the subjects were exhausted after a short period of work. The
      proportion of increase of oxygen consumption per kg gross weight carried or per
      kg.m was almost constant up to a 55-kg experimental load. It is suggested that
      for day-to-day operations work should not be undertaken at more than 30-40% of
      maximal work capacity; a rate of work around 4,000 kg.m.min-1 (25-30 kg actual
      load at 3.0 to 3.5 km.h-1) may be considered as optimal for highlanders and
      porters at high altitude.

PMID- 670017
TI  - A roentgenographic method for measuring nasal mucous velocity.
AB  - Nasal mucous velocity was estimated by following the motion of radiopaque discs
      of Teflon by means of a fluoroscopic image intensifier. From 5 to 10 discs were
      deposited on the superior surface of the inferior turbinate with a forceps. No
      local anesthesia was employed and the subjects experienced no discomfort. The
      linear velocity of the discs was obtained by playing the videotape onto a
      television monitor, measuring distance with a ruler, and dividing by elapsed
      time. Duplicate runs of 1-2 min, 15 min apart were very reproducible but runs at
      4-h intervals or daily over a 5-day period had a coefficient of variation of 30%.
      Average nasal velocity for individual ranged from 0 to 22.5 mm/min and group
      means ranged from 6. 8 to 10.8 mm/min. There was no statistically significant
      difference in nasal mucous velocity between young and elderly subjects nor was
      there a sexual difference. The saccharin test of nasal mucous transport was
      unsatisfactory because of inability to repeat the test more often than 1-2 h and
      its propensity to produce mild discomfort in a significant number of subjects.
      Saccharin times did not correlate significantly with values of nasal mucous
      velocity.

PMID- 670018
TI  - Current-to-voltage convertor for measurement of oxygen.
AB  - A highly sensitive, miniature, inexpensive circuit for the measurement of PO2 in
      vivo has been described. The circuit is constructed from a current-to-voltage
      convertor, clamping circuit, differential amplifier, and reverse voltage and
      overvoltage protector. The design of the circuit allows us to apply voltage bias
      to the measuring electrode while grounding the preparation. The clamping circuit
      holds the selected bias voltage constant while the differential amplifier
      subtracts this bias potential from the PO2 signal yielding an output voltage that
      is proportional to the current sensed by the oxygen electrode. The circuit is
      protected from reverse voltage and overvoltage.

PMID- 670019
TI  - A gas-stream heater to control local skin temperature under evaporative sweat
      capsules.
AB  - A compact 4-W gas-stream heater for use with ventilated sweating capsules is
      described. The heating element is constructed from two modified 75-omega power
      resistors connected in parallel and contained in the capsule gas inlet tube.
      Heater power is controlled with integrated circuits which compare the output of a
      thermocouple, measuring either capsule skin or air temperature, with a
      predetermined target temperature. The unit responds fairly slowly to sudden large
      changes in target temperature, but once a steady state is achieved, maintains
      target temperature levels despite changes in evaporative heat loss. The device is
      well suited for studies in which local skin temperature or capsule air
      temperature must be elevated and clamped while the effects of other local stimuli
      or central thermoregulatory activity are studied, and in studies where the skin
      temperature effect on transepidermal water loss must be controlled.

PMID- 670020
TI  - Heat-injured rats: pathochemical indices and survival time.
AB  - Rats were exercised on a treadmill (9.14 m/min) in a hot environment (34.5
      degrees C, 30% rh) until a rectal temperature of 42.0--42.5 degrees C was
      reached. Analysis of plasma constituents in subsequent serial blood samples
      demonstrated a highly significant inverse correlation between lactate
      concentration (P less than 0.001) and potassium levels (P less than 0.005) in
      blood samples taken immediately postexercise when both of these were correlated
      to survival time. Alternatively, plasma creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity in
      these samples, although significantly elevated over control levels (P less than
      0.001), was not correlated with either survival time or lactate-potassium
      concentrations. When fluid was administered prior to the run and immediately
      thereafter to repress pathological effects, there occurred no changes in plasma
      lactate and potassium levels between the postrun sample and a second sample taken
      60 min later, while CPK levels were significantly reduced (P less than 0.01) in
      the second sample. However, levels of all three indices were significantly
      elevated (P less than 0.01) in a third sample taken terminally despite the fact
      that the animals were restrained and sedentary during this interval. These
      findings indicate that the hyperthermic injury may have had fundamental
      pathological effects on metabolism and membrane integrity producing lactacidemia
      and hyperkalemia of sufficient magnitude to compromise cardiovascular
      performance.

PMID- 670021
TI  - Extravascular water content of heart and lungs after acute myocardial ischemia.
AB  - We measured the extravascular water content of hearts and lungs of anesthetized
      dogs subjected to one of the following protocols: a)sham operation, b) circumflex
      artery ligation, c) increased left atrial pressure (Pla), or d) increased Pla and
      circumflex artery ligation. After 4 h, extravascular water of the heart and lungs
      increased significantly in the three experimental groups when compared with
      values from sham-operated dogs. After circumflex artery ligation, extravascular
      heart water increased 29% and lung water 8%, although Pla and calculated
      pulmonary microvascular pressure (Pmv) did not change. Extravascular heart water
      also rose 30% after increasing Pla from 23 to 37 cm H2O by inflating a left
      atrial baloon. In these dogs, extravascular lung water increased as a hyperbolic
      function of Pmv. Increasing Pla to 20 cm H2O in dogs with coronary artery
      ligation resulted in a 16% increase in heart water. Also at each Pmv,
      extravascular lung water was greater in dogs with coronary artery ligation than
      in dogs without. These data indicate that the increased extravascular lung water
      after coronary artery ligation cannot be explained solely by hemodynamic
      mechansims. We suggest that acute myocardial ischemia contributes to an increase
      in vascular permeability in the heart and lungs.

PMID- 670022
TI  - Respiratory responses to intravenous and intrapulmonary CO2 in awake dogs.
AB  - Ventilatory responses to CO2 inhalation and CO2 infusion were compared in the
      awake dog. The CO2 was introduced directly into the systemic venous blood via a
      membrane gas exchanger in a femoral arteriovenous shunt circuit, and the
      extracorporeal blood flow, QX, was maintained constant at one of two rates: low,
      0.5 l/min; or high, 2.0 l/min. A total of 13 experiments was performed in four
      dogs comprising 50 control and 25 inhalation and infusion observations at each of
      the two flow rates. Comparison of CO2-response curve slopes, S = delta V E/delta
      PaCO2, between CO2 inhalation and infusion showed no significant difference
      either within or between flow rates. The mean value of S for all conditions was
      1.88 l/min per Torr with a 95% confidence interval of 1.66 -2.14. An independent
      additive ventilatory drive amounting to 28% of low-flow control VE was found at
      the highflow rate. We conclude that at constant blood flow the responses to both
      CO2 inhalation and infusion are hypercapnic and not significantly different.

PMID- 670023
TI  - Effect of pulmonary vascular engorgement on respiratory mechanics in the dog.
AB  - The immediate effects of pulmonary vascular engorgement (PVE) on lung and chest
      wall mechanics were studied in anesthetized, paralyzed dogs with the chest wall
      intact. A balloon-tipped catheter advanced retrograde into the left atrium was
      used to produce partial mitral valve obstruction and increases in pulmonary
      artery and left atrial preassures equal to 15 and 20 cm H2O, respectively. This
      increased pulmonary blood volume (PBV) by 50% and reduced dynamic lung
      ocmplicance 14%. With the airway occluded at different lung volumes, transient
      PVE produced a 6% decrease in compliance on the deflation limb of the pressure
      volume curve of the lung and a shift in the chest wall pressure-volume curve,
      which was consistent with an increase in chest wall volume equal to the increase
      in PBV. During apnea with the airway open, PVE reduced lung gas volume and
      increased chest wall recoil. We conclude that the changes in chest wall recoil
      associated with PVE are the result of an increase in total lung displacement
      volume.

PMID- 670024
TI  - Carbohydrate, lipid and amino acid metabolism following physical exercise in man.
AB  - To elucidate early metabolic adaptations of physical training obese and nonobese
      subjects were studied before and at different intervals after 1 h of bicycle
      exercise at 70% of maximal working capacity. Four h after exercise intravenous
      glucose tolerance (IVGT) and plasma level of alanine were decreased. Compared to
      the diurnal variation plasma concentration of cortisol was increased. Twenty-four
      hours after exercise plasma concentrations of cortisol and trihlycerides were
      decreased. Furthermore, plasma insulin during IVGT test was decreased and blood
      glycerol increased in the obese subjects. There were no changes in basal insulin,
      IVGT, or plasma levels of amino acids which were elevated in the obese subjects
      (valine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine). Forty-eight hours after
      exercise plasma insulin during IVGT test and plasma triglycerides remained
      decreased in the obese subjects. Low cortisol levels 24 h after exercise might
      result in increased insulin effect leading to low plasma insulin levels seen in
      physically trained subjects. Elevated glycerol levels in the obese subjects might
      be the first sign of diminishing fat stores secondary to increased lipolysis.

PMID- 670025
TI  - Tracer priming the bicarbonate pool.
AB  - We have described a technique whereby the time necessary to reach an equilibrium
      enrichment of expired CO2 during a primed-constant infusion of [U-13C]glucose was
      shortened from 7 to 8 h to 1 hour or less. We applied the theory of the primed
      constant infusion technique to the bicarbonate pool, with the "constant infusion"
      of labeled carbon dioxide originating from oxidation of the infused [13C]glucose
      rather than from a labeled infusion of bicarbonate.

PMID- 670026
TI  - Oxygen electrode design criteria and performance characteristics: recessed
      cathode.
AB  - A computer simulation of the steady-state operation of recessed (Whalen-type)
      polarographic oxygen electrodes has been developed to give the design factors
      important for performance optimization. The simulation makes use of a specially
      formulated three-dimensional orthogonal coordinate system with the geometry
      identical to the actual recessed cathode and gives the oxygen concentration field
      induced by it in the surrounding medium. Equations are presented which allow one
      to calculate, for any recessed cathode, the current sensitivity, maximum stirring
      artifact, measurement error, and time constant. Comparisons with analytically
      obtained expressions for the corresponding quantities for idealized,
      spherosymmetric cathodes demonstrate the unique aspects of recessed-cathode
      performance. For commonly used electrodes, a recess length-to-cathode diameter
      ratio of greater than 10 is found to give a negligible stirring artifact, a
      negligible measurement error, and a rapid response.

PMID- 670027
TI  - Effects of hydrostatic pressure on conduction and excitability in rabbit atria.
AB  - The effects of hydrostatic pressure on cardiac conduction and excitability were
      studied in 39 rabbit right atrial preparations. Increases in pressure
      significantly increased atrial conduction time, i.e., 41% at 150 ATA.
      Excitability, determined from strength-duration (S-D) curves, was depressed by
      pressure. The slope constant of the S-D curve increased 64% at 150 ATA. Rheobase
      and the X-asymptote were not affected significantly. The depression of
      excitability partially accounted for the slowed conduction. Frequency stress and
      pressure had an additive effect to produce even greater decreases in excitability
      and increases in conduction time. Atrial refractoriness to premature stimuli also
      increased as a function of pressure. Nitrous oxide (2.5 ATA) partially reversed
      the effects of 150 ATA of pressure on conduction time and excitability. The
      results suggest that pressure acts by altering basic functional components of the
      myocardial cell membrane. Some of these changes, particularly when combined with
      frequency stress, i.e., rapid heart rate, may pose a serious threat to humans
      exposed to hyperbaric environments.

PMID- 670028
TI  - Influence of aspirin and indomethacin on variability of alveolar hypoxic
      vasoconstriction.
AB  - Alveolar hypoxia induces pulmonary vasoconstriction but the strength of alveolar
      hypoxic vasoconstriction (AHV) is variable even within the same species. The
      influence of aspirin and indomethacin, cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors, was examined
      in two groups of dogs, those with weak AHV and those with vigorous AHV. A double
      lumen endotracheal tube allowed ventilation of one lung with nitrogen as an
      alveolar hypoxic stimulus and ventilation of the other lung with O2 to maintain
      systemic oxygenation. Perfusion to each lung was measured with xenon-133 and
      external counters. In weak reactors both aspirin and indomethacin induced
      fourfold enhancement of AHV (P less than 0.01), whereas no significant influence
      on vigorous reactors was noted. Cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors also produced enhanced
      reactivity in the isolated lung to alveolar hypoxia and prostaglandin F2alpha but
      not to angiotensin II and norepinephrine. Aspirin-enhanced AHV in the isolated
      lung could not be diminished with blockade of angiotensin II receptors or of
      alpha receptors. In summary, weak AHV in intact or isolated dog lung may be due
      to an excess of a prostaglandin or prostacyclin vasodilator.

PMID- 670029
TI  - Vagal and aerosol histamine interactions on airway responses in dogs.
AB  - Histamine aerosol was administered to 10 anesthetized paralyzed artificially
      ventilated dogs whose vagi were first intact, then cut, and then peripherally
      stimulated. Pulmonary resistance (RL) was measured and dose-response curves
      determined in the three conditions. The dogs were divided into two groups based
      on the initial response to histamine with the vagi intact. The low-dose (LD)
      group had a greater than or equal to 50% increase in RL when exposed to a
      histamine concentration of 1.0 mg/ml. The high-dose (HD) group had a greater than
      or equal to 50% increase in RL when exposed to an aerosol containing 3.0 mg/ml
      histamine or more. In both groups there was a dose-related increase in RL with
      histamine with the vagi intact, cut, or stimulated. In three of the LD dogs there
      was a greater than additive interaction between vagal stimulation and inhaled
      histamine, whereas in the HD dogs the interaction was at most additive. With the
      vagi cut, both groups had a significantly lesser histamine response. The results
      show that differences in histamine responsiveness between dogs is in part related
      to varying degrees of nonreflex histamine-vagal interaction.

PMID- 670030
TI  - Static mechanical properties of bronchi in normal excised human lungs.
AB  - Bronchographic studies were performed on 22 normal human lungs at transpulmonary
      pressures between 20 and 0 cmH2O. Pressure-diameter behavior of 322 bronchi was
      evaluated. In younger (less than 40 yr) subjects, the airways of males showed
      greater recoil than those of females. No difference between sexes was seen in
      older (greater than 40 yr) subjects. Bronchi less than 2.1 mm diam had a
      significant decrease in recoil with increasing age in males but not in females.
      Small bronchi had greater recoil than large bronchi in both sexes in the younger
      group but not in the older group. The younger group had evidence of anisotropic
      behavior of the bronchi not seen in the older group. The percentage decrease in
      lung volume for a given decrease in transpulmonary pressure was less in the older
      than in the younger subjects in both sexes. Measurements of the cube root of lung
      volume, bronchial length, and the position of markers attached to the pleura
      indicated that the lungs deflated in an overall, isotropic manner down to a
      pressure of 3 cmH2O.

PMID- 670031
TI  - Body mass, composition, and food intake in rabbits during altered acceleration
      fields.
AB  - The effects of gravitational loading and unloading on body mass, body
      composition, and food intake were investigated in chronically accelerated adult
      male rabbits. The intensity of the acceleration field was increased by 0.25-G
      increments at intervals that permitted stabilization of body mass and food intake
      to a maximal field of 2.5 G. Control rabbits of the same age were maintained at
      Earth gravity under the same conditions of light and temperature. A negative
      rectilinear relationship was observed between body mass and the intensity of
      acceleration field. In spite of this, the decreased body mass appeared to be
      regulated, since centrifuged animals readily regained their lost body mass upon
      realimentation after a 3-day fast. At acceleration intensities above 1.75 G, ad
      libitum food intakes as well as maintenance food requirements increased with
      increasing acceleration fields despite a corresponding reduction in body mass.
      Analysis of body composition indicated a significant decrease in body fat and an
      increase in body water in animals adapted to a 2.5-G environment. Within 6 wk
      after the animals were returned from 2.5 G to Earth gravity, body mass and food
      intakes returned to the precentrifuged levels of corresponding control animals.

PMID- 670032
TI  - Energy status of the rat lung after exposure to elevated PO2.
AB  - To study hyperoxic effects on adenine nucleotide content and lactate and pyruvate
      production by lungs, rats were exposed to oxygen at 1 ATA for 18, 24, or 48 h or
      to 4 ATA for 1 h. Subsequently, lungs were removed from rats, placed in an
      isolated-lung apparatus, ventilated with 5% CO2 in O2, and perfused with Krebs
      Ringer bicarbonate medium containing 5.5 mM glucose and 4% bovine serum albumin.
      Uptake of serotonin from the perfusate was depressed 28% in rats exposed to
      hyperbaric oxygen compared with unexposed controls. Concentrations of adenine
      nucleotides, the ATP/ADP ratio, and the "energy charge" were similar in control
      and oxygen-exposed rats. The production of lactate and the ratio of lactate to
      pyruvate production were significantly higher in rats exposed to oxygen for 48 h
      compared with other exposure regimens. Comparison of these results with those
      previously reported for serotonin uptake in lungs after hyperoxic exposure
      indicates that serotonin clearance is depressed prior to alteration of the energy
      status of the rat lung.

PMID- 670033
TI  - Comparison of metabolic and ventilatory responses of men to various lifting tasks
      and bicycle ergometry.
AB  - Four male volunteers served as subjects to examine the metabolic and ventilatory
      cost of both positive and negative lifting tasks as compared to bicycle
      ergometry. In different experiments, four boxes weighing 0.91, 6.82, 22.73, and
      36.36 kg were lifted up to or down from a height of 60 cm at rates as high as 70
      lifts/min for periods of 4 min. The data were then compared to those obtained
      from bicycling at a rate of 50 rpm at work loads up to 1,500 kmp/min. Work at any
      given box weight had a substantially higher oxygen and ventilatory cost than
      similar levels of work on the bicycle ergometer. The reason for these differences
      appeared to lie in the energy cost of moving parts of the body. When the weight
      of the boxes was low, there was little difference between the oxygen cost of
      positive and negative work, but as the weight of the boxes increased, the
      expected physiological differences in positive and negative work was established.

PMID- 670034
TI  - Metabolic, cardiovascular, and respiratory factors in the development of fatigue
      in lifting tasks.
AB  - Three well-trained male subjects served as volunteers in these experiments to
      examine the physiological capacity for extended work during lifting tasks. The
      maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) during lifting was always lower than work on the
      bicycle ergometer. However, the work load during lifting which could be
      maintained for 1--4 h was 50% of the VO2max for lifting each specific weight of
      box; the limit for lifting light boxes without fatigue was at an oxygen uptake of
      about 25% of the VO2max obtained from bicycle ergometry. Significant fatigue in
      the forearm muscles was found during prolonged lifting as assessed from the
      endurance of isometric contractions and from the surface electromyogram (EMG),
      and was more pronounced as the weight of the box increased.

PMID- 670035
TI  - Carbon dioxide--a major determinant of collateral ventilation.
AB  - The effects of local or systemic CO2 and changes in pulmonary vascular pressure
      and flow on the mechanics of collateral ventilation were studied in anesthetized,
      paralyzed dogs. The resistance to collateral ventilation (Rcoll) decreased by
      36.1% when the air being infused into the obstructed segment was replaced with
      10% CO2 while the animal was ventilated with air. When the air used to ventilate
      the animals was replaced with 10% CO2 while air was infused into the segment,
      Rcoll decreased by 38.6%. When blood flow into the pulmonary artery was stopped
      (stop flow), pulmonary artery and left atrial pressure decreased. Rcoll increased
      following stop flow to 125% of control; however, the fall in pulmonary vascular
      pressures preceded the change in Rcoll. The increase in Rcoll with stop flow was
      markedly reduced when 10% CO2 was infused into the segment. We conclude that
      collateral channels respond both to the local infusion of CO2 and to the CO2
      concentration in the surrounding lung and/or blood, and that the state of
      distention of pulmonary vessels surrounding collateral ventilatory channels is
      not a primary determinant of Rcoll. In addition we conclude that bronchiolar
      channels rather than interalveolar pores are the pathways for collateral
      ventilation.

PMID- 670036
TI  - Metabolic and cardiovascular adjustment to arm training.
AB  - Maximal and submaximal metabolic and cardiovascular measures and work capacity
      were studied in control (n = 7) and experimental (n = 9) subjects (S's) during
      arm work prior to and following 10 wk of interval arm training. These measures
      were oxygen uptake (VO2), minute ventilation (VE), heart rate (HR), respiratory
      exchange ratio (R), cardiac output (Q), stroke volume (SV), and arteriovenous
      oxygen difference ((a--v)O2 diff). In addition, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max)
      was measured in both groups during treadmill running. Experimental S's showed
      significant increases (P less than 0.01) in peak VO2 (438 ml.min-1), max VE (17.7
      l.min-1), max (a--v)O2 diff (20.8 ml.l-1), and work time (9.2 min) during arm
      ergometry, while maximum values of Q, SV, HR, and R remained unchanged. In
      addition, submaximal heart rates were significantly lower during arm ergometry
      after training. VO2max during treadmill running remained essentially unchanged.
      No changes in metabolic and physiological measures were noted for the controls
      after the 10-wk training period. The results support the concept of training
      specificity for VO2max, and indicate that the improvement in peak VO2 in arm
      ergometry reflects enhanced oxygen utilization due to an expanded (a--v)O2 diff.

PMID- 670037
TI  - Characteristics of inspiratory inhibition by phasic volume feedback in cats.
AB  - The dependence of phrenic efferent discharge on vagal-volume feedback was
      examined in barbiturate-anesthetized, paralyzed cats ventilated by a phrenic
      driven servo respirator. The characteristics of the respiratory were altered for
      a single breath, and the resulting change in phrenic activity was quantitated by
      comparison with phrenic activity without phasic volume feedback. The relation
      between volume feedback and phrenic inhibition was determined both when
      inspiratory termination occurred during the rising phase of phrenic discharge and
      during the plateau observed with barbiturate-induced apneusis. Inhibition of
      inspiratory activity occurred only when lung volume exceeded a time-dependent
      threshold. Above this threshold, andextending over a substantial volume range,
      volume feedback caused graded and reversible inhibition of phrenic discharge. The
      threshold for graded inhibition declined progressively during the inspiratory
      phase, showing no obvious relation to the level of inspiratory activity. At any
      particular time, the relation between volume and phrenic inhibition was convex to
      the volume axis, and the slope of the relationship increased with inspiratory
      time. The results indicate that a) volume feedback inhibits inspiration in a
      graded manner, b) partial inhibition of phrenic activity renders it more
      susceptible to additional inhibition, and c) inhibitory effectiveness of volume
      feedback increases with time.

PMID- 670038
TI  - Energy expenditure during simulated rowing.
AB  - Metabolic function was measured by open-circuit spirometry for 310 competitive
      oarsmen during and following a 6-min maximal rowing ergometer exercise. Aerobic
      and anaerobic energy contributions to exercise were estimated by calculating
      exercise O2 cost and O2 debt.O2 debt was measured for 30 min of recovery using
      oxygen consumption (Vo2) during light rowing as the base line. Venous blood
      lactates were analyzed at rest and at 5 and 30 min of recovery. Maximal
      ventilation volumes ranged from 175 to 22l 1/min while Vo2 max values averaged
      5,950 ml/min and 67.6 ml/kg min. Maximal venous blood lactates ranged from 126 to
      240 mg/100 ml. Average O2 debt equaled 13.4 liters. The total energy cost for
      simulated rowing was calculated at 221.5 kcal assuming 5 kcal/l O2 with aerobic
      metabolism contributing 70% to the total energy released and anaerobiosis
      providing the remaining 30%. Vo2 values for each minute of exercise reflect a
      severe steady state since oarsmen work at 96-98% of maximal aerobic capacity. O2
      debt and lactate measurements attest to the severity of exercise and dominance of
      anaerobic metabolism during early stages of work.

PMID- 670039
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid acid-base balance during muscular exercise.
AB  - Ventilation, metabolism, arterial blood gases, and blood and cerebrospinal fluid
      (CSF) acid-base status were measured in exercise studies on seven ponies during
      mild, moderate, and near-maximal treadmill exercise. CSF and arterial blood were
      sampled via indwelling catheters. Generally measurements were made during the
      3rd, 6th, and 9th minute of steady-state exercise, with CSF sampled only during
      the 9th minute. Alveolar ventilation (VA) and metabolic rate (VO2) increased
      proportionately during exercise below the anaerobic threshold, but above this
      threshold, VA increased at a faster rate than VO2. The similarity of these
      response to those observed in man suggests the pony is a suitable animal model
      for study of exercise hyperpnea. No change in CSF acid-base balance occurred with
      light-to-moderate work; however, with near-maximal work a fall in CSF carbon
      dioxide partial pressure due to hyperventilation caused CSF to become alkaline
      (pH = 7.380) relative to rest (pH = 7.330). CSF lactate increased slightly with
      exercise but had no effect on CSF [HCO3-], which remained constant from rest to
      severe exercise. We conclude that it is unlikely the hyperpnea at any intensity
      of exercise results from an increased H+ stimulation at the medullary
      chemoreceptor.

PMID- 670040
TI  - Renal failure in an Alaskan Malamute.

PMID- 670041
TI  - Selling good will.

PMID- 670043
TI  - Disseminated histoplasmosis with osseous involvement in a dog.

PMID- 670042
TI  - Histoplasma capsulatum infection in a metatarsal of a dog.

PMID- 670044
TI  - Atrioventricular bundle degeneration associated with sudden death in the dog.
AB  - Twelve dogs that were necropsied after sudden unexpected death, sudden episodes
      of viciousness, or seizure disorder were found to have degeneration of the
      atrioventricular bundle of the heart. In addition, hypoxic-type degeneration was
      found in the hippocampus and the dorsal one-half of the midportion of the
      cerebral cortex of the dogs.

PMID- 670045
TI  - Hepatic sulfobromophthalein uptake and storage defect in a dog.

PMID- 670046
TI  - Leiomyosarcoma of the canine urinary bladder, with metastases.
AB  - An enlarged nodular mass, assumed to be the prostate gland because of location
      and consistency, was palpated in the pelvic region of a 10-year-old German
      Shepherd Dog. Castration was performed as a therapeutic procedure after an
      estrogenic hormone failed to reduce the size of the mass. A tumor identified
      histologically as a seminoma was in the right testicle. The dog died 1 month
      after castration, and generalized metastatic neoplasia was observed at necropsy.
      The mass that involved the neck of the bladder and the metastases were identified
      as leiomyosarcoma.

PMID- 670047
TI  - Patent ductus arteriosus with pulmonary hypertension in a cat.
AB  - Patent ductus arteriosus with pulmonary hypertension and right to left shunting
      of blood flow was diagnosed in a 9-month-old female cat. Because of the pulmonary
      hypertension, the cat did not have typical signs of patent ductus arteriosus;
      thus, cardiac angiography and catheterization were utilized to confirm the
      diagnosis. The patent duct was successfully occluded with a vascular clip.

PMID- 670048
TI  - Techniques for investigating outbreaks of livestock disease.

PMID- 670049
TI  - Seasonal transmission of liver flukes to cattle in the Texas Gulf Coast.

PMID- 670050
TI  - Right-side torsion of the abomasum in dairy cows: classification of severity and
      evaluation of outcome.
AB  - A retrospective analysis was made of 100 cases of surgically corrected right-side
      torsion of the abomasum (RTA) in dairy cows. A classification for degrees of
      severity of RTA was developed, based on the amount of fluid sequestered in the
      abomasum. Serum concentrations of Na+, K+, AND Cl- decreased with increasing
      severity of RTA. Cows in the most severely affected classification were markedly
      hypochloremic and hypokalemic. The PCV, plasma protein concentration, and pulse
      rate increased with increasing severity of RTA. Statistically significant
      correlations were observed between postsurgical outcome and classifications of
      RTA, serum Cl- concentration, and pulse rate. The outcome was not statistically
      related to serum concentrations of Na+ or K+, PCV, or plasma protein
      concentration.

PMID- 670051
TI  - Canine and feline intestinal nematode infections.

PMID- 670052
TI  - Veterinarians and rabies laws.

PMID- 670053
TI  - Report of the AVMA panel on euthanasia.

PMID- 670054
TI  - Oxalate (Rumex venosus) poisoning in cattle.
AB  - Fifteen range cows died of oxalate poisoning caused by ingestion of Rumex
      venosus. Ecchymotic and petechial hemorrhages were prominent on the abdominal
      serosal surfaces. Approximately 2 L of thin, yellowish fluid was in the abdominal
      cavity, and mesenteric lymph nodes were enlarged and edematous. Other findings
      included catarrhal abomasitis; enteritis; pale, edematous kidneys; congested
      lungs; fatty infiltration of the liver; and nephrosis. In the kidneys,
      birefringent crystals resembling oxalate crystals were demonstrable only when
      frozen sections were examined.

PMID- 670055
TI  - Blister beetle poisoning in horses.
AB  - Case records of 21 horses with acute illness following ingestion of hay
      containing dead striped blister beetles (Epicauta spp) were selected for review.
      Abdominal pain, fever, depression, frequent urination, shock, and, occasionally,
      synchronous diaphragmatic flutter characterized clinical illness. Hematologic
      findings included hemoconcentration, neutrophilic leukocytosis, and hypocalcemia.
      Hematuria and low urine specific gravity were abnormal urinalysis results.
      Sloughing of the epithelium of the esophageal part of the stomach, hemorrhagic
      and ulcerative cystitis, enterocolitis, and myocardial necrosis were important
      post-mortem findings. Signs and lesions in 5 horses experimentally poisoned were
      similar to those of the natural disease. The findings were regarded as
      sufficiently characteristic of blister beetle poisoning to be useful in
      differential diagnosis but were not constant in all cases. Therefore, when
      blister beetle poisoning is suspected, access of affected horses to hay
      containing striped blister beetles should be demonstrated.

PMID- 670056
TI  - Japanese pieris poisoning in the goat.
AB  - One fatal and 1 nonfatal case of Japanese pieris (Pieris japonica) poisoning in
      goats prompted experimental feeding of the plant at 0.1% of a healthy goat's body
      weight. Clinical signs observed included colic and nausea. The principal necropsy
      finding was inhalation pneumonia.

PMID- 670057
TI  - Spermatic cord occlusion in a dog.

PMID- 670058
TI  - Pseudohyperparathyroidism associated with metastatic adenocarcinoma of
      undetermined origin in the dog.

PMID- 670059
TI  - Palatability studies of snail and slug poison baits, using dogs.
AB  - In 1975, the California Department of Food and Agriculture required registered
      manufacturers of snail and slug baits to present data showing the
      unattractiveness of these products to dogs, in order to reduce the number deaths
      in dogs due to poisoning by eating these baits. A cooperative project involving
      the University of California, the California Department of Food and Agriculture,
      and the snail and slug bait manufacturers was designed to assist the
      manufacturers in assessing the palatability of their products by dogs and to
      develop criteria for the regulatory agencies to use to ensure that the products
      they were registering were unattractive to dogs. The studies showed that most
      recently formulated baits were relatively unpalatable for dogs. A 2-panel
      consumption testing procedure was developed and is being used by the California
      Department of Food and Agriculture and the Environmental Protection Agency as
      criteria for registration. Current reports indicate a dramatic decrease in snail
      and slug bait poisonings in California after these criteria were established as
      requirements for registration of snail and slug baits.

PMID- 670060
TI  - Plasma amino acid concentrations in dogs with hepatic disease.

PMID- 670061
TI  - An atlas of the dorsal thalamus of the marsupial brush-tailed possum, Trichosurus
      vulpecula.
AB  - In several respects the dorsal thalamus of Trichosurus presents a level of
      organizational complexity considerably in advance of that seen in Didelphis. In
      particular, such features as the lamination of the dorsal lateral geniculate, the
      distinct subdivisions of the ventroposterior and lateroposterior complexes, and
      the more pronounced separation of the ventroanterior from the ventrolateral
      nucleus, are similar to conditions found in many eutherians. On the other hand,
      some features which Trichosurus shares with Didelphis, such as the lack of a
      median central nucleus, and the well developed midline nuclei, are usually said
      to be indicative of a more 'primitive' level of neural organization. In most
      instances the thalamic nuclei in Trichosurus are easily homologized with those of
      Didelphis and other mammals. The difficult areas are the lateral and posterior
      groups of nuclei, regions which have generally been troublesome in most mammals
      thus far examined. What does become apparent after this examination of the
      Trichosurus thalamus is that this representative of the diprotodontid radiation
      has produced some neurological features which strikingly parallel those of
      certain advanced eutherians while retaining other features generally considered
      to be generalized and primitive. Within the metatheria Trichosurus represents a
      considerable advance over Didelphis. However, as will be seen in later papers in
      this series, there are other features, particularly those of thalamocortical
      fibre distribution, which serve to set Trichosurus quite markedly apart from both
      Didelphis and at least certain eutherian mammals (Haight & Neylon, 1977b, c,
      1978).

PMID- 670062
TI  - Fine structure of the stratum intermedium, stellate reticulum, and outer enamel
      epithelium in the enamel organ of the kitten.
AB  - Stratum intermedium, stellate reticulum and outer enamel epithelium at the
      secretion stage in lower second molars of 1 week old kittens were studied with
      the electron microscope after perfusion fixation. All cell types had a well
      developed Golgi apparatus, free ribosomes and little RER. In the stratum
      intermedium, cytoplasmic processes occasionally contained many vesicles of
      different types and were connected to neighbouring cells by gap junctions. The
      number of gap junctions in the stratum intermedium increased greatly with
      advanced secretion. The cells of the stellate reticulum had large sheet-like cell
      extensions and surrounded large extracellular spaces. Often, two cell extensions
      ran parallel to each other, with a narrow extracellular space between them. The
      narrow spaces were filled with a fluffy material. The outer enamel epithelium
      showed a smooth basal surface when close to a blood vessel. Facing a larger
      expanse of connective tissue, the basal surface became folded, the basal lamina
      formed extended loops into the connective tissue and showed areas of increased
      density, and cell processes extended through the lamina into the connective
      tissue. The blood vessels associated with the outer enamel epithelium had many
      pericytes and resembled post-capillary venules. Macrophages showing vacuoles,
      aggregations of small vesicles, and peripheral flaps of cytoplasm were present,
      mainly in the stellate reticulum. These observations are compared with the
      structure of the human enamel organ, as reported in the literature, and their
      possible functional significance is briefly discussed.

PMID- 670063
TI  - Time course of 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine neurotoxic effects on fowl diencephalon
      and upper brain stem monoaminergic pathways.
AB  - In adult fowls the time-course of the neurotoxic effects of 5,6-DHT on
      indolaminergic neurons (in comparison with controls and with animals pre-treated
      with mebanazine, a MAO-inhibitor) was studied. It was shown that 5,6-DHT given
      into the third cerebral ventricle produced a rather selective degeneration of
      indolaminergic neurons which was most dramatic 4 and 7 days after the injection.
      Injured axons characterized by a pile-up of strongly yellow fluorescent material
      were seen in areas bordering the third ventricle, and in the posterior, medium
      and anterior hypothalamus, preoptic area, median eminence, n. tuberalis and
      paleostriatum augmentatum. A decrease in yellow fluorescence in areas distal to
      the injured axons was only detectable after 19 days. A certain regrowth of some
      terminal networks was observed 30 days after 5,6-DHT administration. Present data
      indicate that, in fowls, ascending indolamine neurons mainly originate in
      tegmental cell bodies and are organized in a large tract which runs along the
      medial forebrain bundle, sending terminals innervating several diencephalic and
      other subcortical areas.

PMID- 670064
TI  - Fine structure of the myenteric and submucous plexuses in the stomach of a coral
      fish, Chelmon rostratus Cuvier.
AB  - The fine structure of the teleostean myenteric and submucous plexuses has been
      studied in the stomach of the coral fish, Chelmon rostratus Cuvier. The myenteric
      plexus is a prominent loose mesh containing nerve cells, myelinated and
      unmyelinated axon profiles, vesiculated axon profiles, Schwann cells, collagen
      and capillaries. Unmyelinated axons greatly outnumber the myelinated ones.
      Vesiculated axon profiles were uncommon, and synapses were rarely observed.
      Compared with the myenteric plexus, the submucous plexus was more modest in size;
      it was devoid of nerve cells and myelin sheaths were only occasionally seen.

PMID- 670065
TI  - Cell death during the postnatal morphogenesis of the normal rabbit kidney and in
      experimental renal polycystosis.
AB  - We have studied, by means of optic and electron microscopy, the normal and
      abnormal cell death that takes place during the postnatal morphogenesis of rabbit
      kidney, and in the experimental renal polycystosis produced by methylprednisolone
      acetate. In the normal kidney intertubular cell death can be observed during the
      first 20 days of the postnatal development. However, cell death in the normal
      metanephric blastema is a very rare event. In the polycystic kidney numerous dead
      cells can be seen between the third and forty eighth days after injection. The
      topography and morphology of the dead cells depend on the stage in the evolution
      of the disease. In the 'stage of renal immaturity', dying and dead cells are
      present in the nephrogenic tissue, in the dilating collecting tubules and in the
      intertubular spaces. In this stage the cellular pathology is essentially nuclear.
      In the stage of tubular cysts, the dead cells are mostly located in the walls of
      cysts, with some dead cells, but mostly cellular debris in their lumina. At this
      stage the cellular pathology is basically cytoplasmic. The dead cells are
      eventually digested by what appear to be phagocytes of tubular epithelial origin.
      It is suggested that cell death is an important factor in the evolution of the
      lesions of renal polycystosis induced by corticosteroids, and probably in the
      initiation of the pathological process as well.

PMID- 670066
TI  - Ultrastructural changes in the guinea-pig placenta, with special reference to
      organelles associated with steroidogenesis.

PMID- 670067
TI  - Postnatal development and differentiation of the opossum submandibular gland.
AB  - The postnatal development and differentiation of the submandibular salivary gland
      has been examined in sixteen groups of young opossums. At birth the glandular
      elements, dispersed in loose connective tissue, consist only of ducts that are
      immature in appearance and of irregular secretory end-pieces. Development occurs
      in two phases, the first from birth to approximately 31 days postnatum, and the
      second thereafter. During the first phase the ductular elements show separation
      into intercalated and intralobular ducts, and attain structural maturity. The
      larger ducts are concentrated centrally within each lobule and lie in a markedly
      vascular connective tissue. The secretory end-pieces, initially acinar in form,
      are lined by proacinar cells which exhibit intercellular canaliculi at the
      lateral cell membranes and a few dense granules in the apical cytoplasm. During
      the second phase of development extensive changes occur within the secretory end
      pieces, which elongate to form a system of branching tubules. Component cells
      show an increased granular content, and those in the main body of the tubules
      differentiate into mucous cells. By 34 cm postnatum the proacinar cells in the
      bulbous endings of the tubules are replaced by special serous cells possessing
      intercellular canaliculi and secretory granules which are either electron-lucent
      or electron-dense. The sequence of changes that occur during postnatal
      development is discussed and related to possible functional activities. The early
      development of the ducts may be correlated with their role in homeostasis, while
      the later development of secretory tubules and the differentiation of secretory
      cell types may be related to the onset of weaning, and may possibly be induced by
      this major change in dietary habit.

PMID- 670069
TI  - Age changes in the triangular fibrocartilage of the wrist joint.
AB  - On the basis of a study of 180 wrist joints from 100 fresh cadavers of
      individuals ranging in age from fetuses to 94 years, it is concluded that the
      triangular fibro-cartilage is very liable to degenerative alterations associated
      with ageing. Degeneration begins in the third decade and progressively increases
      in frequency and severity in subsequent decades. The changes comprise reduced
      cellularity, loss of elastic fibres, mucoid degeneration of the ground substance,
      exposure of collagen fibres, fibrillation, erosion, ulceration, abnormal
      thinning, and, ultimately, disc perforation. The changes are more frequent and
      more intense on the ulnar surface, and they are always situated in the central
      part of the disc. It appears that disc perforation is degenerative and age
      related: thus there were no perforations in the first two decades of life; in the
      third there were 7.6%, in the fourth 18.1%, in the fifth 40.0%, in the sixth
      42.8%, and in the over sixties 53.1%. There was an associated pattern of
      degenerative changes in the wrist joint as a whole. The structures adjacent to
      the articular disc (discal surface of the ulnar head, discal part of the lunate)
      were much more often involved, and the changes were much more advanced, than on
      non-discal surfaces. It is argued that this is because of more intensive
      biomechanical forces, particularly rotational forces, in the disc compartment of
      the joint.

PMID- 670068
TI  - The surface structure of ageing human articular cartilage: a study by reflected
      light interference microscopy (RLIM).
AB  - The surface contours of the weight-bearing area of the left lateral femoral
      condyle have been examined in vitro in 26 cadavers by reflected light
      interference microscopy over the age range 0--47 years. The presence of 4 orders
      of surface irregularity was confirmed. In addition, measurement of the depth,
      diameter and frequency of the tertiary order of surface hollows showed that while
      none of these variables was sex-associated, age-related changes in the variables
      were present. Multiple regression analysis showed that these changes could be
      considered in terms of periods of maturation (0--21 years) and ageing (22--50
      years) of the cartilage. Focal changes in the surface were observed with
      advancing age. These changes appeared to be regressive and possibly represent an
      early stage in cartilage fibrillation.

PMID- 670071
TI  - Quantitative and structural aspects of anatomical teaching in the Federal
      Republic of Germany [proceedings].

PMID- 670070
TI  - Structure of amniotic papillae in sheep.
AB  - The structure of amniotic papillae in sheep was investigated by light
      transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Papillae were found on the amnion
      near the umbilical cord in a majority of the sheep examined, from early mid-term
      onwards. The papillae possessed a basic connective tissue core with a varying
      degree of vascularity, the whole being sheathed in squamous epithelial cells in
      the earlier stages of development; but in larger, and presumably older, papillae,
      squamous epithelium was absent over the tips. The blood supply to these papillae
      was shown to originate from the chorion and to pass into the amnion at sites
      where the two members were closely applied to each other. Tentatively we conclude
      that amniotic papillae are complex organized structures which develop near
      amniotic plaques, or, in some instances, from the plaques themselves. The stimuli
      responsible for their growth and development are unknown.

PMID- 670072
TI  - Anatomical teaching in the Federal Republic of Germany. General methods of
      teaching [proceedings].

PMID- 670073
TI  - Current patterns and problems in anatomical teaching in Great Britain
      [proceedings].

PMID- 670075
TI  - Response of cortical astrocytes to a needle wound seen ultrastructurally
      [proceedings].

PMID- 670074
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy of endoderm regeneration in the chick embryo
      [proceedings].

PMID- 670076
TI  - Effects of refeeding after neonatal undernutrition in Purkinje cell dendritic
      growth in the rat [proceedings].

PMID- 670077
TI  - Purkinje cell dendritic growth in MAM-treated agranular cerebellar cortex
      [proceedings].

PMID- 670078
TI  - Early mineral deposition in intramembranous ossification [proceedings].

PMID- 670079
TI  - Accessory carotid body tissue of the domestic fowl [proceedings].

PMID- 670080
TI  - Design for the integrated teaching of human anatomy [proceedings].

PMID- 670081
TI  - Glycocinnamoylspermidines, a new class of antibiotics. I. Description and
      fermentation of the organism producing the LL-BM123 antibiotics.
AB  - The producing organism for the new broad spectrum glycocinnamoylspermidine
      antibiotics designated LL-BM123beta, gamma1 and gamma2 was characterized as a
      Nocardia sp. by chemical analysis of the cell wall, growth requirements,
      morphology and physiological reactions. Fermentation conditions to elaborate and
      analytical methods to characterize these antibiotics in fermentation filtrates
      are described.

PMID- 670082
TI  - Glycocinnamoylspermidines, a new class of antibiotics. II. Isolation,
      physiocochemical and biological properties of LL-BM123beta, gamma1 and gamma2.
AB  - LL-BM123beta, gamma1 and gamma2 are three new antibiotics produced by
      fermentation of an unidentified species of Nocardia. These strongly basic, water
      soluble compounds were isolated from the culture filtrate by CM-Sephadex ion
      exchange and carbon chromatography. All three antibiotics are active against both
      gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. A mixture of LL-BM123 gamma1 and gamma2
      is more active than the beta component but generally less active than gentamicin.

PMID- 670083
TI  - Glycocinnamoylspermidines, a new class of antibiotics. V. Antibacterial
      evaluation of the isopropyl derivative of LL-BM123gamma.
AB  - Isopropyl LL-BM123gamma, a novel semisynthetic glycocinnamoylspermidine
      antibiotic, was active in vitro against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive
      bacteria with broad spectrum bactericidal activity against clinically important
      Gram-negative strains. In parallel tests, it was equal to or more potent than
      reference aminoglycoside antibiotics against Escherichia coli, Proteus,
      Enterobacter-Klebsiella, Serratia, Salmonella, and Acinetobacter strains. Against
      clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, isopropyl LL-BM123gamma compared
      favorably with gentamicin, verdamicin and amikacin but was less potent than
      tobramycin. Isopropyl LL-BM123gamma was active against many Gram-negative
      bacteria that were relatively resistant to aminoglycosides. It was rapidly
      absorbed following subcutaneous administration in mice and showed greater potency
      than gentamicin on both dosage and plasma concentration bases against several
      experimental infections.

PMID- 670084
TI  - Globomycin, a new peptide antibiotic with spheroplast-forming activity. I.
      Taxonomy of producing organisms and fermentation.
AB  - A new peptide antibiotic, globomycin, was found to be produced by four different
      strains of the actinomycetes. They were identified as Streptomyces halstedii No.
      13912, Streptoverticillium cinnamoneum No. 15037, Streptomyces neohygroscopicus
      subsp. globomyceticus No. 15631 and Streptomyces hagronensis No. 17834,
      respectively. Fermentation of globomycin was conducted by conventional submerged
      culture for antibiotic production, in which 10 microgram/ml of globomycin was
      produced by cultivation of S. halstedii No. 13912 for 96 hours at 27 degrees C.
      Globomycin was named after its activity to form global-shape spheroplasts when
      Escherichia coli was incubated in the presence of this antibiotic.

PMID- 670085
TI  - Globomycin, a new peptide antibiotic with spheroplast-forming activity. III.
      Structural determination of globomycin.
AB  - The structure of globomycin has been determined by mass, PMR and CMR spectra and
      by chemical degradation. Globomycin is a new cyclic peptide antibiotic composed
      of L-serine, L-allo-threonine, glycine, N-methylleucine, L-allo-isoleucine and 3
      hydroxy-2-methylnonaic acid. Among these components, L-allo-threonine, L-allo
      isoleucine and 3-hydroxy-2-methylnonaic acid are novel components from natural
      products. A newly developed mass analysis has been introduced for determining the
      diastereoisomers of allo-threonine.

PMID- 670086
TI  - Modification of seldomycin factor 5 at C-3'.
AB  - Attempted removal of the 3'-hydroxyl group of seldomycin factor 5 via
      displacement of a sulfonate ester has led to 3'-epi-seldomycin factor 5. Removal
      of the hydroxyl group has been effected by the Barton procedure. The
      antibacterial activity of 3'-epi- and 3'-deoxyseldomycin factor 5 against various
      aminoglycoside-resistant strains is discussed.

PMID- 670087
TI  - Tissue pharmacokinetics and inhibition of DNA synthesis in mice treated with
      sporamycin.
AB  - Examination of blood and organ concentrations of sporamycin in normal mice showed
      a rapid decrease of sporamycin from peripheral blood and a high level of
      sporamycin in urine 10 minutes after intravenous injection of the antibiotic. At
      the same time, the highest level was found in the kidneys and low levels were
      found in the lungs and spleen. When sporamycin was added to mouse organ
      homogenate at 37 degrees C, remarkable inactivation of sporamycin by the
      homogenate of the liver, kidney, testis, etc., was noted but this inactivation
      was slight by tumor homogenate. Sporamycin inhibited the tritiated thymidine
      incorporation into DNA of normal tissues, but a different pattern of inhibition
      and recovery on the incorporation of 3H-TdR into DNA was observed among mouse
      organs. It was noted that the antibiotic may damage normal tissues in spite of a
      rapid excretion and inactivation of sporamycin in mice, but this damage was
      recovered rapidly within 1 approximately 2 days after the treatment.

PMID- 670088
TI  - PS-5, a new beta-lactam antibiotic from Streptomyces.

PMID- 670089
TI  - The structure of forphenicine.

PMID- 670090
TI  - Antitumor activity of 15-acetoxyscirpen-3,4-diol.

PMID- 670091
TI  - A C-13 relaxation study on erythromycin A cyclic 11,12-carbonate.

PMID- 670092
TI  - Studies on the mode of action of agrocin 84.

PMID- 670093
TI  - Drug sensitivity of an adriamycin-resistant mutant subline of mouse
      lymphoblastoma L5178Y cells.

PMID- 670094
TI  - Requirement for selenium (as selenite) and vitamin E (as alpha-tocopherol) in
      weaned pigs: III. The effect on the development of the VESD syndrome of varying
      selenium levels in a low-tocopherol diet.

PMID- 670095
TI  - Cleavage and blastocyst formation by pig eggs in vitro.

PMID- 670096
TI  - Blockage of sperm transport using intraepididymal calcium chloride injections in
      rams.

PMID- 670097
TI  - Fertilization and blood levels of progesterone and LH in beef heifers on a
      restricted energy diet.

PMID- 670098
TI  - Performance and vanadium content of tissues in sheep as influenced by dietary
      vanadium.

PMID- 670099
TI  - Effect of protein level on growth in young ponies.

PMID- 670100
TI  - Structural characteristics of porcine skeletal muscle giant myofibers as observed
      by light and electron microscopy.

PMID- 670101
TI  - Clonal analysis of satellite cells in growing mice.

PMID- 670102
TI  - Dietary protein to calorie ratios and fat sources for neonatal pigs reared
      artifically with subsequent performance. II. Serum variables.

PMID- 670103
TI  - Methionine essentiality for the cat.

PMID- 670104
TI  - Controlled superovulation in dairy heifers using prostaglandin F2alpha and
      pregnant mare serum gonadotropin.

PMID- 670105
TI  - Effects of PMSG and PGF2alpha on gonadal hormones and reproduction in the beef
      heifer.

PMID- 670106
TI  - Effects on dietary monensin and sex of calf on profiles of serum progesterone and
      estrogen in late pregnancy of first-cross Brahman-Hereford cows.

PMID- 670107
TI  - Antimicrobial agents as preservatives in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products.
      Introduction: The scope of the problem.

PMID- 670108
TI  - The preservation of cosmetic and pharmaceutical creams.

PMID- 670109
TI  - Inclusion of antimicrobial agents as preservatives in cosmetic products.

PMID- 670110
TI  - Growth of various bacteria on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and N-2
      fluorenylacetamide.

PMID- 670111
TI  - Modification of combined migraine-muscle contraction headaches using BVP and EMG
      feedback.
AB  - The effect of blood volume pulse (BVP) and frontalis muscle action potential
      (EMG) feedback on control of vasoconstriction of the temporal artery and
      frontalis muscle activity in combined migraine-muscle tension subjects was
      investigated in a multiple baseline design (across subjects and responses). The
      data indicated: (a) both subjects obtained an ability to control BVP during BVP
      feedback and EMG during EMG feedback; (b) there were decreases in frequency of
      migraine headaches during BVP feedback and decreases in muscle contraction
      headaches during EMG feedback. The results of this study supported the
      theoretical explanation of two pain mechanisms involved in combined muscle
      contraction-migraine headaches as well as the effectiveness of bio-feedback
      procedures that target directly the specific pain mechanism in the elimination of
      the two types of head pain.

PMID- 670113
TI  - Use of social-skills training in the treatment of extreme anxiety and deficient
      verbal skills in the job-interview setting.
AB  - A 30-year-old recent college graduate, exhibiting extreme anxiety and deficient
      verbal skills in job interviews, was treated with a social-skills training
      procedure that included instructions, modelling, behavior rehearsal, and
      videotape feedback. Three target behaviors--focused responses, over coping
      statements, and subject-generated questions--were presented using a multiple
      baseline design. Galvanic skin-response activity was monitored during pre- and
      posttraining in vivo job interviews. In addition, independent judges
      unobstrusively rated the subject's social-communicative behaviors in his
      temporary worksetting before and after training. Training resulted in expected
      changes for all three target behaviors and a decrease in the rate of speech
      disturbances. Physiological data supported the subject's report that training
      enabled him to deal with his anxiety more effectively during job interviews.
      Training was found to generalize to novel interview questions and different
      interviewers. Furthermore, unobtrusive measures of eye contact, fluency of
      speech, appropriateness of verbal content, and composure supported the subject's
      report that training generalized to his daily social interactions on the job.

PMID- 670112
TI  - The use of physical restraint in the treatment of self-injury and as positive
      reinforcement.
AB  - Two experiments investigated the effects of a treatment package on the self
      injurious behavior of three profoundly retarded persons who appeared to enjoy the
      physical restraints used to prevent their self-injury. The treatment package
      included physically restraining subjects contingent on increasing periods of time
      during which no self-injury occurred, and providing them with toys and attention
      during intervals between restraints. A reversal and multiple-baseline analysis
      documented that the rapid and complete reduction in self-injury by all subjects
      was due to this treatment package. Because these results suggested that physical
      restraint might function as a positive reinforcer, in a third experiment physical
      restraint was applied contingent on a marble placement response with one subject.
      A reversal design demonstrated that toy play systematically increased when each
      response resulted in restraint. The experiments have implications for the
      nonaversive remediation of self-injury in individuals who are restrained, as well
      as for the development and maintenance of self-injury in natural settings.

PMID- 670114
TI  - Training preschool children to recruit natural communities of reinforcement.
AB  - Four normal and four deviant children aged four-to-six years were taught to judge
      the quality of their academic work in a preschool classroom, and to prompt or cue
      their teachers to comment about the quality of that work. When these skills did
      not generalize spontaneously to other teachers in concurrent natural situations,
      generalized responding was taught by the experimenter, in multiple-baseline
      design across subjects. This generalization programming enabled the children to
      contact a sometimes dormant, but readily available natural community of teacher
      praise and reinforcement, i.e., to recruit an increase in cued praise and
      schedules of praise for their good work. These behaviors may be important to
      young children who find themselves bereft of attention in classrooms.

PMID- 670115
TI  - Too many ampicillins?

PMID- 670116
TI  - Clostridium sordelli and antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis.

PMID- 670117
TI  - Aminoglycoside ototoxicity.

PMID- 670118
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of ampicillin in listeric meningitis.

PMID- 670119
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of piperacillin following intravenous administration.

PMID- 670120
TI  - Kanamycin resistance in Providencia stuartii.

PMID- 670121
TI  - More adverse reactions to rifampicin.

PMID- 670122
TI  - The role of Bacteroides fragilis in abscesses of the central nervous system:
      implications for therapy.

PMID- 670123
TI  - Susceptibility of the Bacteroides fragilis group of anaerobes to carbenicillin
      and ticarcillin.

PMID- 670124
TI  - Activity of dibekacin compared with other aminoglycoside antibiotics.

PMID- 670125
TI  - Trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole blood levels in man after intra-muscular
      administration.

PMID- 670126
TI  - In vitro susceptibility studies with piromidic acid.

PMID- 670127
TI  - The use of polyvinylpyrrolidone in sensitivity testing.

PMID- 670128
TI  - On confusion in the diagnosis of autism.

PMID- 670129
TI  - Diagnosis and definition of childhood autism.

PMID- 670130
TI  - National Society for Autistic Children definition of the syndrome of autism.
AB  - It is helpful for the new student of autism to know the clinical and research
      basis from which our definition of the syndrome has been evolved. The main
      features and characteristics are no less meaningful for being recognized as
      working definitions, subject to alteration with the discovery of new knowledge
      about causation and treatment. Such research can be most useful, even when
      samples of autistic children with different specific characteristics are
      selected. However, it is necessary for the specific characteristics, and their
      selection purpose, to be identified explicitly. Likewise, the limits of applying
      the findings on such subsamples to other autistic children should be frankly
      acknowledged.

PMID- 670131
TI  - Plasma zinc, copper, and amino acid levels in the blood of autistic children.
AB  - Plasma zinc, copper, and amino acid levels have been measured in a group of
      autistic children. All three variables were found to be normal. These findings
      are in disagreement with the previously reported results of some other workers
      but if confirmed would indicate that autism cannot simply be attributed to a
      disorder of zinc metabolism.

PMID- 670132
TI  - The cognitive--affective dilemma in early infantile autism: the case of Clarence.
AB  - This case study presents long-term follow-up data on Clarence, one of Kanner's
      original cases of infantile autism. Clarence's attempts to establish a
      heterosexual relationship and his plans for marriage are described. His success
      is attributed in part to therapeutic intervention, which was directed at
      promoting affective responsiveness in the patient. The case of Clarence is seen
      as lending support to the thesis of DesLauriers and Carlson (1969), who maintain
      that the core problem in infantile autism is a disturbance of affective contact.

PMID- 670133
TI  - The hostage parent.

PMID- 670134
TI  - The hostage parent: a life-style or a challenge?

PMID- 670135
TI  - The child as victim.

PMID- 670136
TI  - The need for sharing.

PMID- 670137
TI  - The importance of choice.

PMID- 670138
TI  - Working for all the autistic.

PMID- 670139
TI  - Constance Torisky's response to Frank Warren's response.

PMID- 670140
TI  - Peripheral auditory defect in autistic children.

PMID- 670141
TI  - Jugular bulb ectasia in the posterior part of the temporal bone.

PMID- 670142
TI  - [Betatherapy of haemangiomata (including a short note on the diagnostic value of
      thermography) (author's transl)].

PMID- 670143
TI  - [Angiographic study of a case of a mesodermal retroperitoneal tumor (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 670144
TI  - [External extraction of a broken catheter fragment in the right ventricle
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 670145
TI  - [Gastric retention and gastroplegia in diabetus mellitus (author's transl)].

PMID- 670146
TI  - In vitro translation of polyadenylate-containing RNAs from dormant and
      germinating spores of the fungus Botryodiplodia theobromae.
AB  - Polyadenylated RNA isolated by oligodeoxythymidylate-cellulose chromatography
      from spores of the fungus Botryodiplodia theobromae was translated in a cell-free
      protein-synthesizing system derived from wheat embryo. Reaction conditions which
      would yield efficient and accurate in vitro translation of the spore RNA were
      established. Dual isotopically labeled mixtures of in vitro translation products
      from germinated and dormant spore polyadenylated RNA, as well as polyadenylated
      RNAs from intermediate stages of germination, produced qualitatively similar gel
      electrophoresis patterns, with polypeptides of 10,000 to 55,000 molecular weight.
      Proteins synthesized in vivo and extracted from germinating spores at three
      different stages possessed a greater size range, with molecular weights up to
      85,000, although the in vitro synthesis apparently did yield the lower-molecular
      weight proteins which were synthesized in vivo. Tryptic digest patterns of
      proteins translated in vitro from polyadenylated RNA of dormant and germinated
      spores were found to be identical in positions in only 40% of the spots.
      Furthermore, a dual-label comparison by isoelectric focusing of proteins
      translated from polyadenylated RNA of germinated and dormant spores also showed
      qualitative and quantitative differences among the in vitro translation products.
      We conclude that there are differences between the in vitro translation products
      of mRNA from dormant and germinated spores and that the mRNA preserved in the
      dormant spores contains genetic information which is qualitatively different from
      that of the germinated spores.

PMID- 670147
TI  - Regulation of cell cycle events in asymmetrically dividing cells: functions
      required for DNA initiation and chain elongation in Caulobacter crescentus.
AB  - To study the regulation of cell cycle events after asymmetric cell division in
      Caulobacter crescentus, we have identified functions that are required for DNA
      synthesis in the stalked cell produced at division and in the new stalked cell
      that develops from the swarmer cell 60 min after division. The initiation of DNA
      synthesis in the two progeny cells is dependent upon at least two common
      functions. One of these is a requirement for protein synthesis and the other is a
      gene product identified in a temperature-sensitive cell cycle mutant. DNA chain
      elongation requires a third common function. The characteristic pattern of DNA
      synthesis in C. crescentus appears to be controlled in part by the expression of
      these functions in the two stalked cells at different times after cell division.
      The age distribution for Caulobacter cells in an exponential population has been
      calculated (Appendix by Robert Tax) and used to analyze some of the results.

PMID- 670148
TI  - Presence of squalene in gram-positive bacteria.
AB  - The presence of the isoprenoid squalene, synthesized de novo, was demonstrated in
      64 out of 73 strains of gram-positive bacteria by thin-layer chromatography. This
      observation was confirmed by gas-liquid chromatography, chemical reactivity,
      incorporation of radiolabeled precursor, and by gas chromatography mass
      spectroscopy of thin-layer chromatography-recovered material.

PMID- 670149
TI  - Isolation and characterization of a plaque-forming lambda bacteriophage carrying
      a ColE1 plasmid.
AB  - A plaque-forming lambdaimm434 bacteriophage carrying the entire genome of
      colicinogenic factor E1 has been isolated and characterized. This phage,
      lambdaimm434ColE1, can lysogenize as a stable plasmid within a recombination
      deficient Escherichia coli cell that lacks the normal attachment site for lambda
      phage. Furthermore, it has been found that lambdaimm434ColE1 phage carrying amber
      mutations in the O and P genes of the lambda genome, i.e.,
      lambdaimm434OamPamColE1, behaves as a plaque-forming phage, and this finding
      suggests that the ColE1 factor DNA permits replication of the DNA of the plaque
      forming phage.

PMID- 670150
TI  - NIC, a conjugative nicotine-nicotinate degradative plasmid in Pseudomonas
      convexa.
AB  - The plasmid nature of genes specifying degradation of nicotine and nicotinate in
      Pseudomas convexa strain 1 (Pc1) is indicated by mitomycin curing and
      conjugational transfer to other strains. The NIC plasmid appears to be compatible
      with other metabolic plasmids in Pseudomonas putida.

PMID- 670151
TI  - Purification and properties of an extracellular exonuclease from Thermus
      thermophilus HB8.
AB  - An extracellular exonuclease has been found and purified about 10,000-fold from
      the culture broth of an extreme thermophile, Thermus thermophilus HB8. The enzyme
      had an isoelectric point at pH 5.1 and seems to be of a multimolecular type, with
      molecular weights estimated to be ca. 530,000 (Peak I) and around 330,000 (Peak
      II) by gel filtration. The properties of the most highly purified enzyme
      fraction, Peak I were investigated. The enzyme requires divalent cations (Mg2+
      greater than Sn2+ greater than Ca2+, Mn2+) and is inactive in the presence of
      EDTA. The pH optimum is 9.4-9.5 in glycine-NaOH buffer and the optimum
      temperature is 85 degrees C. The rate of hydrolysis increases in the order heat
      denatured DNA greater than native DNA greater than RNA. The enzyme hydrolyzes
      deoxyoligonucleotides bearing 5'-monophosphate to liberate 5'-mononucleotides in
      an exonucleolytic manner. However, oligonucleotides lacking a 5'-phosphoryl
      group, irrespective of the presence or absence of phosphate at the 3'-termini,
      give both 5'-mononucleotides and dinucleoside monophosphates derived from the 5'
      termini. It was also found that dinucleotides terminated with a 5'-phosphoryl
      group were cleaved to 5'-mononucleotides, but dinucleoside monophosphates were
      resistant to this enzyme. This exonuclease should be useful in the direct
      determination of sequence at the 5'-terminus and the penultimate position of
      oligonucleotides by the use of high-performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 670152
TI  - Effect of dioxane on the conformation of lysozyme at low pH. II. Studies by
      ultraviolet differences spectrophotometry and fluorimetry.

PMID- 670153
TI  - Rapid purification of threonyl-tRNA synthetase from Saccharomyces carlsbergensis
      by affinity elution from phosphocellulose.
AB  - Threonyl-tRNA synthetase [EC 6.1.1.3] of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis was highly
      purified by a simple enzyme-substrate affinity method. After calcium-gel
      treatment of the crude enzyme extract, ammonium sulfate precipitation, and
      removal of polynucleotides with DEAE-cellulose, the enzyme was nonspecifically
      adsorbed onto phosphocellulose (P-cellulose), and then eluted specifically with a
      linear concentration gradient of threonine tRNA from torula yeast (Candida
      (Torulopsis) utilis). The enzyme was purified 303-fold from the calcium-gel
      supernatant. This purification method is very simple and time-saving. The
      purified enzyme gave a single band on SDS-gel electrophoresis, indicating a
      molecular weight of 82,000, and exhibited a molecular weight of about 150,000 by
      gel filtration. This suggests that the enzyme consists of two identical subunits.
      Some kinetic properties of the pure enzyme are described.

PMID- 670154
TI  - Methylamine dehydrogenase of Pseudomonas sp. J. Reconstitution from its subunits.
AB  - Conditions for the restoration of catalytic activity from heavy and light
      subunits which had been isolated from methylamine dehydrogenase of Pseudomonas
      sp. J were investigated in vitro. Maximal restoration of the activity was
      obtained in 0.8 M potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.0-9.3, at 30 degrees C with
      equimolar concentrations of the two subunits. Under the optimal conditions, the
      recovery of enzyme activity was 86% and the time required for half-maximal
      recovery was about 3 min. Addition of bovine serum albumin or p
      chloromercuribenzoate to the incubation mixture had no effect on the rate or
      extent of recovery of the enzyme activity. When the heavy subunit was added to
      the light subunit, the absorption spectrum of the light subunit changed to a form
      similar to that observed for the native enzyme. The concentration of methylamine
      required to change the spectrum of the light subunit was greatly decreased in the
      presence of the heavy subunit. Reconstituted enzyme was prepared from the
      isolated subunits and purified by gel chromatography. The reconstituted enzyme
      resembled the native enzyme in specific activity, molecular weight, substrate
      specificity, reaction mechanism, Michaelis constants for methylamine and
      phenazine methosulfate, susceptibility to inhibitor, and absorption, fluorescence
      and ESR spectra. However, it was less stable than the native enzyme to thermal
      and pH treatments. The CD spectrum was also slightly different from that of the
      native enzyme.

PMID- 670155
TI  - Methylamine dehydrogenase of Pseudomonas AM1. A subunit enzyme.
AB  - A methylamine dehydrogenase was purified to homogeneity from Pseudomonas AM1 and
      obtained in crystalline form. It was found to be a subunit enzyme composed of two
      kinds of subunit, light and heavy. These two subunits were isolated by Sephadex G
      100 gel chromatography after incubation of the enzyme with guanidine
      hydrochloride. Molecular weights of 13,000 daltons for the light subunit and
      40,000 daltons for the heavy subunit were estimated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis, and the molecular weight of the native enzyme was found to be
      105,000 daltons by Sephadex G-200 gel chromatography. The enzyme and its subunits
      were also analyzed for amino acid composition, isoelectric point, and absorption
      fluorescence, and CD spectra, as well as for the effects of pH, thermal
      treatment, and guanidine hydrochloride treatment. Both the subunits were
      absolutely required for enzymatic activity, either subunit alone being inactive.
      It could be deduced from the absorption and fluorescence spectra of the subunits
      that the prosthetic group of the enzyme was bound solely to the light subunit.
      These results suggest that the enzyme is a subunit enzyme similar to that of
      Pseudomonas sp. J, of the alpha2beta2 type.

PMID- 670156
TI  - The presence of ribosomal glycoproteins. Agglutination of free and membrane-bound
      ribosomes from wheat germ by concanavalin A1.
AB  - Free and membrane-bound ribosomes prepared from wheat germ and extensively washed
      with 1% Triton X100-sodium deoxycholate, formed large aggregates in the presence
      of concanavalin A. The ribosomal aggregates were detected by sucrose density
      gradient centrifugation and immunoprecipitation. SDS-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis of ribosomal proteins indicated that four ribosomal glycoproteins
      (MW about 14,000 to 24,000) were present in both free and membrane-bound
      ribosomes. However, three glycoproteins (MW about 25,000 to 15,000) appear to be
      underglycosylated or lacking in free ribosomes.

PMID- 670157
TI  - Studies on electron transfer systems in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum
      tricornutum. I. Isolation and characterization of cytochromes.
AB  - Two cytochromes of the C type, c-550 and c-553, were isolated from the marine
      diatom, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, and purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation
      and DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. The cytochrome c-550 had absorption
      maxima at 550, 522, and 417 nm in the reduced form and at 524, 407, 351, and 277
      nm in the oxidized form. It was an autoxidizable acidic protein with an
      isoelectric point of 5.1 and had a low redox potential of about -0.20 V at pH
      7.0. The molecular weight of this cytochrome was close to 17,000. This cytochrome
      combined with CO and CN-. The CO complex was dissociated reversibly by light. The
      cytochrome c-553 had absorption maxima at 553, 522.5, and 417 nm in the reduced
      form and at 528, 410, and 356 nm in the oxidized form. The protein had an acidic
      isoelectric point of 3.7 and had a high mid-point redox potential of +0.36 V at
      pH 7.0. Its molecular weight was approximately 10,500. The cytochrome may be
      considered to be a photosynthetic cytochrome of the f type. Cytochromes of the B
      type were also found in Phaeodactylum tricornutum; one in soluble form, and the
      other in bound form. The soluble form had absorption maxima at 560, 529, and 427
      nm in the reduced state and at 413 nm in the oxidized state.

PMID- 670158
TI  - Studies on electron transfer systems in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum
      tricornutum. II. Identification and determination of quinones, cytochromes, and
      flavins.
AB  - Quinones constituting the electron transfer systems in a marine unicellular
      diatom, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, were isolated and identified
      chromatographically. The alga contained five quinones, i.e., plastoquinone A,
      plastoquinone C, plastoquinone D, alpha-tocopherylquinone, and ubiquinone-9.
      Other types of quinones, such as vitamin K1, were not detected. The contents of
      plastoquinone A, plastoquinone C, plastoquinone D, ubiquinone-9, and alpha
      tocopherylquinone were 25.5, 4.95, 1.99, 4.78, and 0.28 mmol per mol of
      chlorophyll, respectively. The contents of the soluble C-type cytochromes,
      cytochrome c-550 and cytochrome c-553, were 2.15 and 4.34 mmol (heme basis) per
      mol of chlorophyll, respectively. The amount of B-type cytochrome in the bound
      form was estimated to be 3.24 mmol (heme basis) per mol of chlorophyll. The acid
      soluble flavins, FAD and FMN, were present in amounts of 0.68 and 0.41 mmol per
      mol of chlorophyll, respectively.

PMID- 670159
TI  - Complete amino acid sequence of Halobacterium halobium ferredoxin containing an
      Nepsilon-acetyllysine residue.
AB  - 1. The complete amino acid sequence of the 2Fe-2S ferredoxin from Halobacterium
      halobium was determined to be: (formula see text):2. The apoferredoxin chain
      consists of 128 amino acid residues and has a molecular weight of 14,330. 3.
      There are only four cysteines in this ferredoxin molecule; they should be
      involved in the binding of the two iron atoms at the active center. Ther relative
      positions of these cysteines are similar to those of the cysteines in chloroplast
      ferredoxins. 4. There is a high degree of homology between H. halobium ferredoxin
      and chloroplast ferredoxins, though the latter molecules contain only about 98
      amino acid residues. 5. H. halobium ferredoxin contains a single residue of
      Nepsilon-acetyllysine.

PMID- 670160
TI  - Membrane properties of an extreme thermophile. I. Detection of the phase
      transition and its dependence on growth temperature.
AB  - Phase transition was detected by a fluorescence polarization technique in the
      membrane of Thermus thermophilus HB8: it was found to be a function of cell
      growth temperature when the cell growth temperature was varied between 50-80
      degrees C. A systematic relation between the phase transition temperature and the
      growth temperature was observed. Differential scanning calorimetry was also
      applied. The phase transition was found to take place between 34 and 55 degrees C
      for cells grown at 50 degrees C and between 52 and 80 degrees C for cells grown
      at 80 degrees C.

PMID- 670161
TI  - Membrane properties of an extreme thermophile. II. Membrane functions underlying
      leucine transport and their relation with thermotropic phase transitions.
AB  - Various membrane properties of Thermus thermophilus HB8 were studied in order to
      elucidate the mechanism and implication of cell adaptation to a high temperature
      environment. 1. The profile of temperature dependence of the amino acid uptake
      rates was similar for the membrane obtained from cells grown at both 61 degrees C
      and 77 degrees C. 2. The remaining uptake activity after heat treatment
      paralleled the membrane potential generating ability, as measured by auramine O
      fluorescence response to the respiration substrate, and was not dependent on the
      growth temperature. 3. The temperature dependence of the efflux of the
      accumulated amino acid reflects the physical phase of the membrane and is
      dependent on the growth temperature.

PMID- 670162
TI  - On the validity of the spectrophotometric determination of oxygen saturation of
      hemoglobin. The wavelength dependence of observed oxygen equilibrium parameter
      values.
AB  - Spectral changes of oxyhemoglobin induced by such anions as 2,3
      diphosphoglycerate, inositol hexaphosphate, and Cl- may affect the validity of
      the spectrophotometric determination of oxygen saturation of hemoglobin.
      Therefore, the anion-induced difference spectra were extensively measured under a
      variety of conditions and accurate oxygen equilibrium curves were determined
      under representative conditions with detection at different wavelengths selected
      from peaks, troughs, and zero difference points of the difference spectra in the
      visible and Soret regions. Oxygen equilibrium parameters including the four Adair
      constants (i.e., equilibrium constants for four steps of oxygenation) estimated
      from the equilibrium curves did not show any dependence on wavelength within the
      limits of experimental error. These results indicate that anion-induced spectral
      changes do not invalidate the spectrophotometric determination of oxygen
      saturation and confirm the validity of the previous conclusions drawn in our
      series of studies on the effects of anions, pH and temperature on oxygen
      equilibrium parameters.

PMID- 670163
TI  - Regulation of glucose 1,6-bisphosphate level in liver. III. Purification and
      properties of bovine glucose 1,6-bisphosphate synthase.

PMID- 670164
TI  - Proteinase inhibitor from Vicia angustifolia L. var. segetalis Koch. Isolation,
      characterization, and chemical modification.

PMID- 670165
TI  - Trypsin reactivity site of the Vicia angustifolia proteinase inhibitor.
AB  - Trypsin [EC 3.4.21.4] modified (reactive site cleaved) Vicia angustifolia
      proteinase inhibitor was prepared at pH 3 with a catalytic amount of trypsin and
      purified using columns of Sephadex G-50 and DEAE-Sephadex A-25. The modified
      inhibitor, which still retained antitryptic activity, lost its activity upon
      treatment with carboxypeptidase B or citraconic anhydride. End-group analyses
      revealed that the carboxyl-terminal Arg and the amino-terminal Ser residues were
      newly exposed end-groups in the modified inhibitor. It takes a much longer
      incubation time (about 1 h) to exhibit the maximal inhibitory activity against
      trypsin. Reduction and carboxymethylation of the modified inhibitor produced two
      fragments on Sephadex G-50 chromatography. The smaller fragment consisted of
      about 32 amino acid residues and possessed a new carboxyl-terminal Arg residue.
      The larger fragment consisted of about 80 residues and possessed a Ser residue at
      its amino-terminus. These results indicate that the small fragment was derived
      from the amino-terminal portion of the modified inhibitor and the large fragment
      from the carboxyl-terminal. It is also concluded that an Arg-Ser bond is the
      reactive site as well as the inhibitory site of the V. angustifolia inhibitor
      against trypsin. The sequence around the antitryptic site exhibits high degrees
      of homology with other double-headed inhibitors of legume origin, such as the
      Bowman-Birk inhibitor, lima beam inhibitor, and the major inhibitor in chick
      peas.

PMID- 670166
TI  - Divalent cation-dependent stereospecificity of adenosine 5'-O-(2
      thiotriphosphate) in the hexokinase and pyruvate kinase reactions. The absolute
      stereochemistry of the diastereoisomers of adenosine 5'-O-(2-thiotriphosphate).
AB  - 31P NMR studies with Cd(II) and Zn(II) chelates of adenosine 5'-O-(3
      thiotriphosphate) (ATPgammaS) and the Cd(II) chelate of adenosine 5'-O-(2
      thiotriphosphate) (ATPbetaS) indicate that these metal ions chelate to the sulfur
      atom of the thiophosphate group. Since Mg(II) chelates to oxygen of the
      thiophosphate group of diastereoisomer is equivalent to the configuration of the
      Cd(II) chelate of the opposite diastereoisomer. As a consequence, an inversion of
      the stereospecificity is observed when Cd(II) is substituted for Mg(II) in the
      phosphoryl transfer reactions catalyzed by yeast hexokinase and rabbit muscle
      pyruvate kinase. When Co(II) is the activating ion for yeast hexokinase with
      ATPbetaS as substrate, no stereospecificity is observed. Since the absolute
      configuration for the diastereoisomer of Co(III)(NH3)4ATP which is the active
      substrate for yeast hexokinase has been established by Cornelius and Cleland
      (Cornelius, R. D., and Cleland, W. W. (1978) Biochemistry, in press), the
      absolute stereochemistry of the Mg(II) complex of the B isomer of ATPbetaS is now
      established by its stereospecificity in the hexokinase reaction.

PMID- 670167
TI  - Effect of pyridoxal phosphate on the DNA binding site of activated hepatic
      glucocorticoid receptor.
AB  - The binding of rat liver glucocorticoid.receptor complexes to DNA-cellulose and
      nuclei has been studied after activation of the complexes by heating. Subsequent
      exposure to pyridoxal 5'-phosphate or pyridoxal markedly inhibited this binding.
      In one system 0.75 mM pyridoxal 5'-phosphate or 6.5 mM pyridoxal gave 50%
      inhibition. Pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate, pyridoxamine, and pyridoxine did not
      inhibit significantly. The inhibition by pyridoxal 5'-phosphate is competitive
      with respect to DNA suggesting that its effect is directly on the DNA binding
      site of the activated receptor. The inhibition of DNA-cellulose binding by
      pyridoxal 5'-phosphate can be reversed by treatment with dithiothreitol or by gel
      filtration, but not if the modified receptor is first reduced using sodium
      borohydride. These results suggest that pyridoxal 5'-phosphate acts by forming a
      Schiff base of an epsilon-NH2 of a lysine which may be 1 residue appearing on the
      surface of the steroid.receptor complex upon activation. However, since
      pretreatment of the DNA-cellulose with the intercalating drug ethidium bormide
      also inhibits activated receptor binding, we conclude that the binding of the
      receptor involves more than electrostatic interactions between receptor positive
      charges and DNA phosphate groups.

PMID- 670168
TI  - The fate of insulin bound to adipocytes. Evidence for compartmentalization and
      processing.

PMID- 670169
TI  - Homologous amino acid sequences in enzymes mediating sequential metabolic
      reactions.

PMID- 670170
TI  - Cytochalasin B binding proteins in human erythrocyte membranes. Modulation of
      glucose sensitivity by site interaction and partial solubilization of binding
      activities.
AB  - We have previously described three different cytochalasin B binding sites in
      human erythrocyte membranes, a D-glucose-sensitive site (Site I), a cytochalasin
      E-sensitive site (Site II), and a site (Site III) insensitive to both D-glucose
      and cytochalasin E. Ligand bindings to each of these sites were considered to be
      independent (Jung, C., and Rampal, A. (1977) J. Biol. Chem. 252, 5456-5463).
      However, we have obtained subsequently the following evidence which indicated
      that an interaction occurs between Sites II and III, and this modulates
      sensitivity of Site III to the sugar. The displacement of cytochalasin E greatly
      exceeds the sum of their independent displacements. This ghosts extracted with
      EDTA or 2,3-dimethylmaleic anhydride at low ionic strength lack Site II activity
      but retain Site I and III activities, and both of these activities are
      displaceable by D-glucose alone. This indicated that the removal of Site II from
      the membrane confers glucose sensitivity to Site III. These observations are
      consistent with a model that Sites II and III in the membrane exist in a close
      association through which unliganded Site II maintains the glucose insensitivity
      of Site III, and once site II is liganded or removed by extraction this
      association is disrupted and Site III becomes glucose-sensitive. The ghosts
      extracted with Triton X-100 retain a cytochalasin B binding activity similar to
      that of site II (Kd = 1.8 X 10(-7) M, cytochalasin E-sensitive, glucose
      insensitive), whereas a binding activity similar to that of Site I (Kd = 4 X 10(
      7) M, cytochalasin E-insensitive, glucose-sensitive) is recovered in the Triton
      extract. A cytochalasin B binding activity similar to that of Site II is
      solubilized by EDTA at low ionic strength.

PMID- 670171
TI  - Effect of a short term fast on the distribution of cytoplasmic albumin messenger
      ribonucleic acid in rat liver. Evidence for formation of free albumin messenger
      ribonucleoprotein particles.
AB  - Recently, using molecular hybridization techniques with albumin [3H]cDNA, we have
      determined that in normally fed rats 98% of total liver polyribosomal albumin
      mRNA sequences are found in membrane-bound polyribosomes (Yap, S. H., Strair, R.
      K., and Shafritz, D. A. (1977) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 74, 5397-5401). We
      now observe that a 24- to 30-h withdrawal of food leads to major changes in the
      amount and subcellular distribution of albumin mRNA molecules. The total amount
      of cytoplasmic albumin mRNA per liver and concentration of albumin mRNA per unit
      of membrane-bound polyribosomal RNA are decreased. However, the proportion of
      albumin mRNA present in the postribosomal supernatant fraction increases
      dramatically in a short term fast, so that it now represent 60% of total
      cytoplasmic albumin mRNA sequences. Most of the albumin mRNA sequences in the
      postribosomal supernatant fraction sediment between 30 S and 50 S. These findings
      suggest that albumin mRNA is probably stored in the messenger ribonucleoprotein
      fraction during the fasting state.

PMID- 670172
TI  - The presence of guanosine 5'-diphospho-5'-guanosine and guanosine 5'-triphospho
      5'-adenosine in brine shrimp embryos.
AB  - Acid-soluble extracts of dormant embryos of the brine shrimp, Artemia salina,
      contain small amounts of two previously undescribed dinucleotides which we have
      identified to be guanosine 5'-diphospho-5'-guanosine and guanosine 5'-triphospho
      5'-adenosine. These compounds each comprise about 0.03% of the dry weight of the
      encysted embryos and are related chemically to guanosine 5'-triphospho-5'
      guanosine and guanosine 5'-tetraphospho-5'-guanosine which have been shown
      previously to be major constituents of the nucleotide pool of Artemia cysts.
      These new dinucleotides were purified from perchloric acid extracts of dormant
      cysts by ion exchange column chromatography and identified by means of chemical,
      spectrophotometric, and enzymatic analyses compared to commercially available
      compounds. The possible role of these new compounds in nucleotide and nucleic
      acid metabolism in Artemia embryos is discussed.

PMID- 670173
TI  - Purification and partial characterization of alpha-N-acylpeptide hydrolase from
      bovine liver.

PMID- 670174
TI  - Complete amino acid sequence of bovine neurophysin-I. A major secretory product
      of the posterior pituitary.
AB  - Bovine neurophysin-I (bNP-I) is the first neurophysin protein which contains
      histidine and possesses an acidic COOH-terminal segment for which the complete
      amino acid sequence is presented: NH2-Ala-Val-Leu-Asp-Leu-Asp-Val-Arg-Thr-Cys-Leu
      Pro-Cys-Gly-Pro-Gly-Gly-Lys-Gly-Arg-Cys-Phe-Gly-Pro-Ser-Ile-Cys-Cys-Gly-Asp-Glu
      Leu-Gly-Cys-Phe-Val-Gly-Thr-Ala-Glu-Ala-Leu-Arg- Cys-Gln-Glu-Glu-Asn-Tyr-Leu-Pro
      Ser-Pro-Cys-Gln-SerGly-Gln-Lys-Pro-Cys-Gly-Ser- Gly-Gly-Arg-Cys-Ala-Ala-Ala-Gly
      Ile-Cys-Cys-Ser-Pro-Asp-Gly-Cys-His-Glu-Asp-Pro-Ala-Cys-Asp-Pro-Glu-Ala-Ala-Phe
      Ser-Leu-COOH. Determination of the structure was greatly facilitated by new
      procedures used for the isolation of bNP-I and of its tryptic peptide fragments.
      bNP-I isolated from freshly frozen bovine posterior pituitaries is composed of 93
      residues, but some preparations contain neurophysin protein with NH2- and COOH
      terminal truncated sequences. bNP-I differs from bovine neurophysin-II, the
      second major neurophysin of cow, in 20 residue positions, and several of the
      differences cannot be accounted for by single nucleotide replacements in the
      genes coding for these two neurophysin proteins. The results reported in this
      study support our earlier hypothesis that neurophysin-gene duplication preceded
      species divergence.

PMID- 670175
TI  - Hemoglobin switching in sheep. Quantitation of betaA- and betaC-mRNA sequences in
      nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA during the HbA to HbC switch.

PMID- 670176
TI  - HeLa cell RNA (2'-O-methyladenosine-N6-)-methyltransferase specific for the
      capped 5'-end of messenger RNA.
AB  - A novel enzyme involved in the post-transcriptional modification of the 5'-end of
      mRNA has been partially purified from HeLa cells. Termed an S-adenosyl-L
      methionine:RNA(2'-O-methyladenosine-N4)-methyltransferase, the enzyme
      specifically catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine
      to the N6 position of a 2'-O-methyladenosine residue located within the "capped"
      5'-end of mRNA. The dimethylated nucleoside, N6,2'-O-dimethyladenosine, is formed
      as indicated by the following reaction in which m7G(5')pppAm- represents the
      capped and methylated 5'-end of mRNA: AdoMet + m7G(5')pppAm- leads to AdoHcy +
      m7G(5')pppm6A7- Greatest activity is obtained with RNA acceptors ending in
      m7G(5')pppAm-; less activity is found with RNA ending in m7G(5')pppA-; and barely
      detectable and no activity is found with RNA ending in G(5')pppA- and ppA-,
      respectively. Furthermore, no activity is found with oligonucleotides such as
      m7G(5')pppA, m7G(5')pppAm, and m7G(5')pppAmpN indicating that a longer polymer is
      required. It can be concluded from the substrate specificity of the enzyme that
      the formation of N6,2'-O-dimethyladenosine follows the biosynthesis of molecules
      containing m7G(5')pppAm-N-. The molecular weight of the methyltransferase, as
      determined by sedimentation in sucrose gradients, is approximately 65,000.

PMID- 670177
TI  - Effect of methylation of the N6 position of the penultimate adenosine of capped
      mRNA on ribosome binding.
AB  - An RNA(2'-O-methyladenosine-N6)-methyltransferase isolated from HeLa cells was
      used to convert the ends of vaccinia virus mRNAs containing m7G(5')pppAm-to
      m7G(5')pppm6Am-. Under competitive conditions, there was no preferential binding
      of mRNAs containing m6Am residues within the capped ends relative to those
      containing Am either to wheat germ ribosomes at 70 mM potassium acetate or to
      reticulocyte ribosomes at 120 mM potassium acetate. Only at high concentrations
      of potassium acetate (200 mM) and at near-saturating mRNA concentrations, was a
      slight enrichment of mRNAs containing m6Am over those containing Am detected on
      reticulocyte ribosomes. It appears that unlike methylation of the N7 position of
      the terminal guanosine, methylation at the N6 position of the penultimate
      adenosine of mRNA has, at most, a small effect on binding to ribosomes under
      present in vitro conditions.

PMID- 670178
TI  - Purification of mouse L cell interferon. Essentially pure preparations with
      associated cell growth inhibitory activity.
AB  - Mouse L cell interferon induced by Newcastle disease virus was purified by a
      combination of salt precipitation, ion exchange chromatography, gel filtration,
      and affinity chromatography using anti-interferon anti-body. The preparation was
      labeled with 125I at a later step of purification, which served as an index of
      protein concentration. Two main species of interferon molecules differing in
      molecular weight were separated from each other, and the final preparations
      obtained were shown to be essentially pure by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      in the absence as well as in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The highest
      specific activities obtained were 2.6 X 10(9) and 7.3 X 10(8) international
      units/mg of protein (determined by 125I radioactivity) for the 40,000- and 24,000
      dalton species, respectively. The preparations at different steps of
      purification, including those of the highest purity, were tested for the anti
      cell growth activity. Their activities were found to be indistinguishable from
      each other when compared at the same antiviral doses, indicating that the anti
      cell growth activity is carried by the interferon molecules themselves.

PMID- 670179
TI  - Stimulating effect of hydrocortisone on the catabolism of endogenous fatty acyl
      groups by fatty acid-supplemented mouse L fibroblasts.
AB  - Hydrocortisone stimulated the catabolism of prelabeled fatty acyls in mouse L
      fibroblasts supplemented with exogenous fatty acid. Both oxidation to 14CO2 and
      release as free fatty acid from prelabeled lipids increased up to 20-fold under
      the described experimental conditions. The stimulating effect of hydrocortisone
      was observed even at concentrations as low as 1 microgram/ml. Neither the hormone
      nor exogenous fatty acid alone had a significant effect on endogenous fatty acyl
      catabolism. The activity of a cellular pH 6.5 lipase was unaffected by exogenous
      fatty acid, slightly increased by hydrocortisone, but increased 2-fold when both
      supplements were present. It is suggested that since exogenous fatty acids shunt
      phospholipid acyls to triglycerides, the latter induce the formation of more pH
      6.5 lipase. Hydrocortisone is either needed for this induction to occur, or
      activates the newly formed enzyme. The lipase acts on the triglycerides to
      liberate free fatty acids that are then oxidized to 14CO2 or lost into the
      medium.

PMID- 670180
TI  - A sensitive method for the detection of GM1-ganglioside in rat adipocyte
      preparations based on its interaction with choleragen.

PMID- 670181
TI  - Exploring the action and specificity of cobra venom phospholipase A2 toward human
      erythrocytes, ghost membranes, and lipid mixtures.
AB  - We have investigated the action and substrate specificity of phospholipase A2 (EC
      3.1.1.4) purified from cobra venom (Naja naja naja) toward intact and Triton
      solubilized human erythrocytes, toward ghost membranes, and toward extracted
      ghost lipids in mixed micelles with Triton X-100. We have found that: (i)
      phospholipids in the outer surface of intact erythrocytes are extremely poor
      substrates for the phospholipase, (ii) phospholipids in ghost erythrocyte
      membranes and in Triton-solubilized erythrocytes are suitable substrates for the
      enzyme, (iii) in these latter systems which contain a mixture of lipids,
      phosphatidylethanolamine is preferentially hydrolyzed, whereas in model studies
      on individual phospholipid species in mixed micelles with Triton,
      phosphatidylcholine is the preferred substrate of the enzyme, and (iv) the
      preferential hydrolysis of phosphatidylethanolamine is also observed for
      extracted ghost lipid mixtures in mixed micelles. These results demonstrate a
      dependence of phospholipase A2 activity on the ghosting procedure and a
      dependence of substrate specificity on the presence of other lipids. The
      relevance of these findings to the interpretation of membrane lipid asymmetry
      studies utilizing phospholipases is considered in detail.

PMID- 670182
TI  - High levels of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity and
      cholesterol synthesis in the ovary of the pregnant rabbit.

PMID- 670184
TI  - Lipid requirements for activation of CTP: phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase
      from rat liver.

PMID- 670183
TI  - Antifreeze glycoproteins from the blood of an antarctic fish. The structure of
      the proline-containing glycopeptides.

PMID- 670185
TI  - Histone affinity chromatography as a tool for fractionating nonhistone chromatin
      proteins and studying histone-nonhistone protein interactions.

PMID- 670186
TI  - Purification and in vitro labeling of interferon from a human fibroblastoid cell
      line.
AB  - Interferon was produced from a clonal human fibroblastoid line. This cell line
      was derived from an established fibroblastoid culture treated with ethylmethane
      sulfonate and is capable of producing higher amounts human interferon than
      primary human fibroblast cultures. The interferon produced from this cell line
      was purified by concanavalin A and phenyl-Sepharose column chromatography
      followed by preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. The purified interferon was then labeled with [125I]-iodine,
      with [3H]5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonyl-chloride and with sodium
      [3H]borohydride after periodate oxidation. An appreciable amount of biological
      activity was retained after both tritium labelings but not after iodination. When
      subjected to electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate all three
      radioactive interferon preparations comigrated with the purified interferon
      preparation as a single protein component with a molecular weight of 19,000. Both
      purified and radioactive preparations were also shown to migrate with the
      antiviral activity in polyacrylamide gels in the absence of sodium dodecyl
      sulfate. The specific activity of purified interferon preparations ranged from 2
      X 10(8) to 10 X 10(8) units/mg of protein.

PMID- 670187
TI  - Folding of 140-base pair length DNA by a core of arginine-rich histones.
AB  - The nucleoprotein complex obtained by reconstitution of arginine-rich histones
      with 140-base pair length DNA has properties considerably closer to native core
      particles than the complex obtained with lysine-rich histones. A tetramer of
      arginine-rich histones folds 140-base pair length DNA into a particle (R body)
      with identical projections, on high resolution electron micrographs, as native
      core particles. The R body is more spherical in shape than the native nucleosome
      core particle. Both arginine- and lysine-rich histones contribute to the altered
      thermal stability and circular dichroism spectra of the core particle DNA.

PMID- 670188
TI  - Cross-referencing testis-specific nuclear proteins by two-dimensional gel
      electrophoresis.
AB  - Discontinuous sodium sodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis combined with acid-urea
      gel electrophoresis reveals that both testis histone H1 classes TH1-X (Branson,
      R. E., Grimes, S. R., Jr., Yonuschot, G., and Irvin, J. L (1975) Arch. Biochem.
      Biophys. 168, 403-412) and H1 contain two polypeptides each. Migration properties
      and relative staining intensities of the four H1 histone proteins in testis
      support the following conclusions. 1. Two testis-specific forms become the major
      H1 components at some stage of spermatogenesis. 2. During this stage they assume
      structural and functional role analogous to those of their two somatic
      counterparts. We have also detected a new testis-specific protein containing
      cysteine.

PMID- 670189
TI  - Characterization of phosphate oxygen exchange reactions catalyzed by myosin
      through measurement of the distribution of 18-O-labeled species.
AB  - The change in the distribution of the phosphate species containing 0 to 4 18O
      oxygens per Pi was investigated during medium Pi equilibrium HOH exchange
      catalyzed by myosin subfragment 1. At 25 degrees C, a Pi molecule once bound
      loses an average of 3.9 of its original 4 oxygens prior to release which means
      that at least 100 reversals of the exchange reaction must have occurred. At 0
      degrees C, only 3.4 of the 4 oxygens are lost prior to release indicating an
      average of 17 reversals. Distribution patterns are consistent with equivalent
      participation in the exchange reactions of all 4 oxygens of bound Pi. The
      intermediate exchange of Pi oxygens during hydrolysis of 18O-labeled ATP by
      myosin has also been investigated. The distribution of the product Pi species
      shows that there is an ATPase component in myosin preparations which hydrolyzes
      ATP without intermediate exchange. Presence of this component, which is likely a
      contaminating ATPase, provides a simple explanation of the apparent
      nonequivalence of phosphate oxygens which has been observed. When correction is
      made for this contaminant, characteristics of the myosin intermediate Pi
      equilibrium HOH exchange are similar to those of myosin subfragment 1 medium
      exchange, and intermediate exchange data are in much closer agreement with other
      kinetic measurements.

PMID- 670190
TI  - Catalytic activity in crystals of mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase as
      detected by microspectrophotometry.

PMID- 670191
TI  - Dansylaziridine-labeled troponin C. A new fluorescent "physiological" probe for
      calcium regulation by sarcoplasmic reticulum.
AB  - Dansylaziridine-labeled troponin C (TnCDANZ) undergoes a greater than 2-fold
      fluorescence enhancement with Ca2+ binding to the Ca2+-specific regulatory sites
      of troponin C. Hence, TnCDANZ serves as a very good indicator of Ca2+ in the
      range of 3.0 to 70 micron. Ca2+ uptake and release by sarcoplasmic reticulum can
      be easily and accurately monitored by the fluorescence changes in TnCDANZ. In
      this manner, we can monitor directly the removal of Ca2+ from troponin C by the
      sarcoplasmic reticulum. Thus, this reaction represents a useful analogue ot the
      Ca2+ "on-off" process in muscle.

PMID- 670192
TI  - Crystalline enzyme.substrate complexes of asparate aminotransferase.
AB  - Crystalline complexes of cytoplasmic aspartate aminotransferase of pig heart with
      the substrates L-glutamate and L-aspartate, and with other amino acids, have been
      prepared and polarized light absorption spectra have been measured. Striking
      differences in the directions of polarization of the absorption bands are seen. A
      complete half-transamination of pyridoxal phosphate to pyridoxamine phosphate by
      aspartate or by cysteine sulfinate can be demonstrated in the crystal as can the
      accumulation of a quinonoid intermediate with erythro-beta-hydroxyaspartate. X
      ray diffraction studies show that the crystals with erythro-beta-hydroxyaspartate
      and alpha-methylaspartate are isomorphous with those of both alpha and beta
      subforms of the native enzyme.

PMID- 670193
TI  - Antibody-combining sites can be mimicked synthetically. Surface-simulation
      synthesis of the immunoglobulin new combining site to the gamma-hydroxyl
      derivative of vitamin K1.

PMID- 670194
TI  - Impairment of dolichyl saccharide synthesis and dolichol-mediated glycoprotein
      assembly in the aortic smooth muscle cell in culture by inhibitors of cholesterol
      biosynthesis.
AB  - 25-Hydroxycholesterol treatment of the aortic smooth muscle cell inhibited the
      incorporation of acetate but not mevalonate into dolichol and cholesterol by 91
      and 82%, respectively, and diminished the synthesis from glucose of cholesterol,
      dolichylpyrophosphoryl oligosaccharide, and dolichol-dependent glycoproteins. The
      dolichol-bound oligosaccharide unit contained approximately 10 Man/2 Glc/2 GlcNAc
      residues and appeared to be a precursor to protein-bound saccharide units which
      contained on the average 8 Man/1 Glc/2 GlcNAc residues. Mevalonate was found to
      protect the cells against the effect 25-hydroxycholesterol and to restore normal
      cellular synthesis of dolichyl saccharides and glycoproteins. It is suggested
      that hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase may function as a rate
      controlling enzyme in the biosynthesis of not only sterols but also dolichols,
      and may as a result regulate the assembly of certain cellular glycoproteins.

PMID- 670195
TI  - Disassociation between acidinsoluble acylcarnitines and ketogenesis following
      carnitine administration in vivo.
AB  - 1-Carnitine was administered to fed rats and the changes in plasma beta
      hydroxybutrate concentration and liver acid-insoluble acylcarnitine content were
      assessed. One hour following injection of carnitine in doses greater than 1
      mumol/100 g of body weight there was a dose-dependent increase in liver acid
      insoluble acylcarnitine content to levels comparable to those seen in fasting.
      These increased levels were maintained for a least 2 h following injection.
      During the period following carnitine administration there was no increase in
      ketogenesis as evidenced by plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate concentrations. Since
      acid-insoluble acylcarnitines represent the product of carnitine
      palmitoyltransferase A, the results are interpreted as contradictory to the
      theory that this enzyme is rate-limiting and regulatory for ketogenesis.

PMID- 670196
TI  - Soluble adenylate cyclase from thyroid membranes.
AB  - Adenylate cyclase from purified beef thyroid membranes has been solubilized by
      the use of Triton N-101 after preactivation with guanosine 5'-(beta, gamma-imido)
      triphosphate. The soluble activity passed a 0.22- micron filter, was not
      sedimented at 100,000 X g for 2 h, and behaved like aldolase in sucrose density
      gradients and on Sepharose 6B. From comparison of the sedimentation in D2O and
      H2O the partial specific volume was found to be like that of globular proteins
      (0.75 +/- 0.006), hence little detergent appeared to be bound to the enzyme. The
      sedimentation coefficient was 7.4 +/- 0.15, the Stokes radius 45 A, and the
      molecular weight 159,000. Prestimulation by thyrotropin did not survive
      solubilization. The stimulation produced by guanosine 5'-(beta, gamma
      imido)triphosphate persisted as did the more active state resulting from
      pretreatment with both this nucleotide plus thyrotropin. Thyrotropin did not
      stimulate the solubilized enzyme. The Km for ATP, thermal stability, and
      inhibition by Ca2+ were identical for the membrane-bound and soluble enzyme,
      while the pH optimum was increased 0.5 unit in the latter. Polyanions and
      phenothiazines inhibited both preparations equally, whereas only membranes
      responded to stimulation by polylysine and ribonuclease.

PMID- 670197
TI  - Phospholipases as probes for membrane sideness. Selective analysis of the outer
      monolayer of asymmetric bilayer vesicles.

PMID- 670198
TI  - Sequence of the COOH-terminal hydrophilic region of histocompatibility antigens
      HLA-A2 and HLA-B7.
AB  - Detergent-solubilized HLA antigens were isolated from a human lymphoblastoid cell
      using an anti-beta2-microglobulin immunoaffinity column. The HLA-A and HLA-B
      locus products were separated by thin layer isoelectric focusing. Cleavage of the
      p44 chain of HLA-A2 and -B7 antigens with cyanogen bromide led to the isolation
      of a 31-amino-acid fragment from each. The fragments were sequenced and shown to
      be from the COOH-terminal end of the intact chains using carboxypeptidase Y. The
      fragment from the HLA-B7 chain, 55% of whose amino acids were polar, contained
      the 2 cysteine residues not found in the papain-derived molecule. The tentative
      sequence of the fragment from the HLA-A2 chain was similar to that of the HLA-B7
      fragment but appeared not to contain any cysteine residues. The hydrophilic COOH
      terminal region of HLA antigens, which directly follows the hydrophobic, membrane
      binding segment, began with a cluster of basic amino acids. This arrangement of
      amino acids resembles that found at the COOH terminus of the red blood cell
      membrane protein, glycophorin.

PMID- 670199
TI  - Vitellin and vitellogenin from locusts (Locusta migratoria). Properties and post
      translational modification in the fat body.

PMID- 670200
TI  - Antifreeze glycoproteins from Arctic fish.

PMID- 670201
TI  - Isolation and amino acid sequence of the alpha-subunit of follicle-stimulating
      hormone from equine pituitary glands.
AB  - Six hundred milligrams of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), containing 110 NIH
      FSH-S1 units/mg, was isolated from 9 kg of equine pituitary glands. The equine
      FSH was dissociated into alpha- and beta-subunits. A tentative amino acid
      sequence of the alpha-subunit was determined. The alpha-subunit contained 82
      amino acids. The equine FSH-alpha is shorter by 10 to 14 amino acids at the NH2
      terminus and has several substitutions at several positions as compared with
      human FSH-alpha and bovine thyroid-stimulating hormone-alpha. At the intraspecies
      level, the alpha-subunits of human FSH, human luteinizing hormone, and human
      chorionic gonadotropin are similar, whereas at the interspecies level there are
      differences among the alpha-subunits of FSH, luteinizing hormone, and thyroid
      stimulating hormone.

PMID- 670202
TI  - Amino acid sequence of the beta-subunit of the follicle-stimulating hormone from
      equine pituitary glands.
AB  - A tentative amino acid sequence of the beta-subunit of equine follicle
      stimulating hormone (FSH) was derived from the sequences of tryptic, thermolytic
      as well as peptic, subtilisin, and chymotryptic peptides. Equine FSH-beta is
      analogous to human FSH-beta except six amino acid substitutions at positions 12,
      16, 21, 62, 108, and 114. The amino acid sequence suggests that the hormone
      specific beta-subunits of FSH are similar at the interspecies level, whereas the
      amino acid sequences of the hormone nonspecific alpha-subunits show variations.

PMID- 670203
TI  - The primary structure of the nonpolar segment of bovine cytochrome b5.
AB  - The primary structure of the membrane bound segment of amphipathic bovine liver
      microsomal cytochrome b5 has been determined. This 43 residue nonpolar
      polypeptide is present at the COOH terminus of cytochrome b5. The sequence was
      obtained by automated sequence analysis and carboxypeptidase digestions. The
      sequence obtained is: Ile-Thr-Lys-Pro-Ser-Glu-Ser-Ile-Ile-Thr-Ile-Asp-Ser-Asn-Pro
      Ser-Trp-Trp-Thr-Asn-Trp-Leu-Ile-Pro-Ala-Ile-Ser-Ala-Leu-Phe-Val-Ala-Leu-Ile-Tyr
      His-Leu-Tyr-Thr-Ser-Glu-Asn. Conformational analysis using predictive algorithms
      is presented along with circular dichroism data on the peptide bound to
      phospholipid vesicles.

PMID- 670204
TI  - The effect of alpha-,omega-amino acids on human plasminogen structure and
      activation.

PMID- 670205
TI  - Cyclic forms of the alpha-keto acid analogs of arginine, citrulline,
      homoarginine, and homocitrulline.
AB  - The alpha-keto acid analogs of arginine and citrulline (and of their next higher
      homologs, homoarginine and homocitrulline) were prepared enzymatically and shown
      to exist in equilibrium with cyclic forms which predominate in solution and in
      the solid state. The cyclic forms of the alpha-keto acid analogs of arginine and
      homoarginine have the structures pyrrolidine-1-amidino-2-hydroxy-2-carboxylic
      acid and piperidine-1-amidino-2-hydroxy-2-carboxylic acid, respectively. The
      cyclic forms of the alpha-keto acid analogs of citrulline and homocitrulline have
      the structures pyrrolidine-1-carbamyl-2-hydroxy-2-carboxylic acid and piperidine
      1-carbamyl-2-carboxylic acid, respectively. The latter compound can undergo
      further cyclization and dehydration to form additional products, whose structures
      (2H, 5H, 7H-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-1,3-dione and 2H, 5H, 7H, 9H-9-hydroxy
      imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine-1,3-dione) were deduced. The alpha-keto acids investigated
      here, which may be formed reversibly by enzymatic transamination of the
      corresponding amino acids, may be formed in vivo especially in the presence of
      metabolic abnormalities associated with inborn enzymatic defects.

PMID- 670206
TI  - Turnover of murine beta-glucuronidase. Comparison among liver, kidney, and spleen
      and between lysosomes and microsomes.
AB  - The turnover properties of murine beta-glucuronidase in several tissues and at
      two subcellular sites have been determined by monitoring the radioactivity
      present in immunoprecipitated enzyme at a number of time points following the in
      vivo administration of a single radiolabeled protein precursor (either L-[3,4(
      3H)]leucine or or NaH14CO3). In all experiments a considerable period of time was
      required for the attainment of maximum specific radioactivity in glucuronidase.
      Similar labeling kinetics was found when [3H]leucine incorporation was monitored
      in immunoprecipitated murine liver delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase. Half-life
      estimates of 2 to 3 days were obtained for glucuronidases of liver, kidney, and
      spleen. In most strains of inbred mice, it is known that approximately 60% of
      total liver glucuronidase activity resides in lysosomes, while 40% is within the
      membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum (Ganschow, R. E. and Paigen, K. (1968)
      Genetics 59, 335-349). These two subcellular forms of glucuronidase turn over at
      similar rates. Furthermore, the bulk of glucuronidase in the endoplasmic
      reticulum does not serve as precursor to lysosomal glucuronidase.

PMID- 670207
TI  - Contractile properties of actomyosin from human blood platelets.
AB  - Actomyosin was purified from human blood platelets and used to form threads via
      extrusion. A sensitive tensiometer was employed to measure isometric tension and
      velocity of isotonic shortening of the threads in the presence of MgATP. Using
      fully phosphorylated myosin, we obtained values for maximum isometric tension
      (Po) and maximum velocity of contraction (V max) that were similar to those
      reported for threads composed of skeletal muscle actomyosin. Po was found to be
      directly proportional to the level of phosphorylation of the 20,000-dalton myosin
      light chain. We also studied the effect of phosphorylation on superprecipitation
      of platelet actomyosin. Fully phosphorylated myosin produced rapid clearing and
      superprecipitation, while myosin with a low level of bound phosphate underwent
      rapid clearing but did not superprecipitate. We have concluded from these results
      that: 1) the interaction between platelet actin and myosin produces tension and
      motion that is similar to that produced by skeletal muscle actin and myosin and
      2) phosphorylation of the 20,000-dalton myosin light chain in important in
      controlling the production of force by platelet actin and myosin.

PMID- 670208
TI  - Proteolytic fragments of troponin C. Localization of high and low affinity Ca2+
      binding sites and interactions with troponin I and troponin T.

PMID- 670209
TI  - Inactivation of phosphorylase b by potassium ferrate. Identification of a
      tyrosine residue involved in the binding of adenosine 5'-monophosphate.
AB  - The site of reaction of potassium ferrate (K2FeO4) with rabbit muscle
      phosphorylase b has been further characterized in an extension of previously
      published studies (Lee, Y. M., and Benisek, W. F. (1976) J. Biol, Chem. 251, 1553
      1560) reporting inactivation of the enzyme by this reagent. The tryptic peptide
      composed of residues 70 to 80 of the enzyme's polypeptide chain was shown to
      contain a tyrosine residue which is chemically modified by ferrate and which is
      protected by 5'-AMP. The sequence of this peptide obtained from both untreated
      and ferrate-treated phosphorylase b was determined, and the results showed that
      tyrosine-75 was the residue with which ferrate reacts.

PMID- 670210
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of Halobacterium cutirubrum ribosomal 5 S ribonucleic acid.
      An altered secondary structure in halophilic organisms.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence of ribosomal 5 S RNA from a halophilic bacterium,
      Halobacterium cutirubrum, grown in 4 M sodium chloride is U-U-A-A-G-G-C-G-G-C-C-A
      U-A-G-C-G-G-U-G-G-G-G-U-U-A-C-U-C-C-C-G-U-A-C-C-C-A-U-C-C-C-G-A-A-C-A-C-G-G-A-A-G
      A-U-A-A-G-C-C-C-G-C-C-U-G-C-G-U-U-C-C-G-G-U-C-A-G-U-A-C-U-G-G-A-G-U-G-C-G-A-G-C-C
      U-C-U-G-G-G-A-A-A-U-C-C-G-G-U-U-C-G-C-C-G-C-C-U-A-C-U. This nucleotide sequence
      is the longest prokaryotic 5 S rRNA to be reported and unlike other 5 S species
      does not contain a terminal mononucleoside diphosphate residue at its 5'-end.
      When compared to other 5 S rRNA's, the sequence homology is greatest (about 68%)
      with Bacillus subtilis; there is a lower but similar degree of homology (about
      58%) with either Escherichia coli or human 5 S RNA. The comparisons further
      indicate that among 5 S RNA's, eleven of the nucleotide residues are unique to H.
      cutirubrum. Estimates of the secondary structure of the H. cutirubrum 5 S RNA
      molecule contain one additional stable hairpin loop which is not found in other 5
      S rRNA species; this unusual structure is probably an adaptation to the high salt
      environment within H. cutirubrum cells.

PMID- 670211
TI  - Studies on the conversion of enzymatically generated, microsome-bound squalene to
      sterol.

PMID- 670212
TI  - Identification of a binary complex of procarboxypeptidase A and a precursor of
      protease E in porcine pancreatic secretion.
AB  - In porcine pancreatic secretion procarboxypeptidase A exists in two states: as a
      monomer and as a binary complex of a type hitherto not observed in the pancreatic
      secretions of other species. This complex is shown to contain 1 molecule of
      procarboxypeptidase A and 1 molecule of a proteolytic zymogen we have designated
      as zymogen E. The two subunits of the complex have been separated by gel
      filtration in a denaturing solvent and the products used for compositional and
      NH2-terminal sequence analysis. We also fractionated the mixture obtained on
      activation of the binary complex and isolated homogenous preparations of porcine
      carboxypeptidase A and the diisopropylphosphoryl derivative of the enzyme formed
      from zymogen E. Zymogen E has an Mr of about 26,000 and on activation produces an
      enzyme of essentially the same Mr with properties very similar to those of human
      pancreatic protease E. It catalyzes the esterolysis of acetyl-L-alanyl-L-analyl-L
      alanine methyl ester, but is inert towards acetyl-L-tyrosine ethyl ester and is
      readily inactivated by diisopropylophosphorofluoridate. Zymogen E has an amino
      acid composition different from those of porcine chymotrypsinogen A, B, or C. Its
      NH2-terminal sequence shows homology with the NH2-terminal sequence of lungfish
      proelastase A; yet, like human protease E, porcine protease E has relatively very
      low activity on intact elastin.

PMID- 670213
TI  - The sodium electrochemical potential-mediated uphill transport of D-glucose in
      renal brush border membrane vesicles.
AB  - The uphill transport of D-glucose in renal brush border membrane vesicles was
      correlated with the Na+ electrochemical gradient. Each component of the
      electrochemical potential, the membrane potential (outside positive) or the Na+
      chemical gradient, when assayed independently, supported the concentrative uptake
      of the sugar. When the two components were combined, the rates of D-glucose
      uptake were additive. Accumulation of D-glucose as a function of various Na+
      gradients, in the absence of a membrane potential, suggests a 1:1 stoichiometry
      between sugar and Na+ uptake. These findings are consistent with the role of
      ionic gradients in energizing uphill solute transport.

PMID- 670214
TI  - Characterization of 5'-terminal methylation of human alpha- and beta-globin
      mRNAs.
AB  - After incubating peripheral blood of various anemic individuals with [methyl
      3H]methionine, 5'-terminal cap structures and the sequential methylation of human
      globin mRNAs were determined. Human alpha- and beta-globin mRNAs have the same
      methylated nucleotides at their 5' ends as the alpha- and beta-globin mRNAs of
      mouse and rabbit: m7G(5')ppp(5')[m6Am/Am]pCmp. The order of methyl group addition
      to human globin mRNA is also similar to that of mouse globin mRNA in that
      methylation of the 5'-terminal guanosine and the ribose of adenosine occurs
      earlier than that of the base of adenosine and the ribose of cytidine. Thus, both
      the cap structures and the order of methylation are conserved in the globin mRNAs
      of these species, suggesting that variation in the structure of the 5' terminus
      of globin mRNAs may alter the function of these molecules.

PMID- 670215
TI  - Studies on the binding of carboxin analogs to succinate dehydrogenase.

PMID- 670216
TI  - A soluble lipid.protein complex from bovine adrenal medulla chromaffin granules.
AB  - A unique soluble lipoprotein has been isolated from aqueous lysates of bovine
      adrenal medulla chromaffin granules by DEAE-cellulose chromatography and gel
      filtration. Chloroform/methanol extracts of this complex contain sphingomyelin,
      lecithin, and cholesterol. Gel filtration in aqueous media indicate an
      approximate molecular weight of 900,000 for the complex. Incubation with sodium
      dodecyl sulfate causes dissociation to a low molecular weight polypeptide;
      prolonged treatment with guanidine HCl does not promote dissociation at all.
      Amino acid analysis revealed a high content of hydrophobic amino acids. Analysis
      of the tryptic fingerprint indicates that a single type of polypeptide chain is
      present. The complex appears to contain approximately five copies of polypeptide
      per aggregate.

PMID- 670217
TI  - Bovine tendons. Aging and collagen cross-linking.
AB  - The level of cross-linking between the polypeptide chains of the collagen
      molecules in bovine tendons of different ages has been assessed by measuring
      quantitatively through densitometry the changes in the ratios of individual
      cyanogen bromide peptides separated on polyacrylamide gels. An increase in the
      number of cross-links in mature, as compared to young, tendons correlates with a
      depletion in the proportion of the free, COOH-terminal peptides alpha1-CB6 and
      alpha2-CB3,5 and with an increase in a broad distribution of peptides moving
      slowly in the gels: these peptides are not seen in digests of acid-soluble
      collagen. Some of these peptides which are presumably cross-linked migrate more
      slowly than beta components and collagen alpha chains and are apparently of a
      higher molecular weight. No increase in cross-linked peptides is detectable
      beyond the age of maturation; this analysis refutes, at least in this tissue, the
      common presumption that progressive cross-linking occurs in collagen through an
      animal's lifetime.

PMID- 670218
TI  - Glutathione transferases. Catalysis of nucleophilic reactions of glutathione.
AB  - Homogeneous preparations of the glutathione transferases from rat liver have been
      tested for their ability to catalyze a number of diverse nucleophilic reactions
      of GSH. Although disulfide interchange with GSSG or L-cystine, and cis-trans
      isomerization of maleic acid, are clearly promoted by thiols in solution, the
      reactions were not catalyzed by the glutathione transferases. In contrast,
      certain more hydrophobic analogs of these compounds were found to serve as
      substrates. The transferases also catalyze the glutathione-dependent release of p
      nitrophenol from p-nitrophenyl acetate and p-nitrophenyl trimethylacetate. These
      observations are consistent with the formulation that catalysis may result from
      close juxtaposition of sufficiently electrophilic, nonpolar compounds with GSH on
      the enzyme surface.

PMID- 670219
TI  - Homocysteine biosynthesis in green plants. Physiological importance of the
      transsulfuration pathway in Chlorella sorokiniana growing under steady state
      conditions with limiting sulfate.
AB  - The physiological roles of the transsulfuration and direct sulfhydration pathways
      in Chlorella sorokiniana growing under steady state photoautotrophic conditions
      with limiting sulfate were studied by following the patterns of assimilation of
      35SO4(2-) into sulfur amino acids. The labeling patterns expected of each pathway
      were defined by means of models based on the rates of net synthesis of the
      terminal pools of GSH, protein cysteine, and protein methionine. The labeling
      patterns observed are entirely consistent with the transsulfuration pathway and
      inconsistent with the direct sulfhydration pathway. By analysis of the amounts of
      radioactivity present in key intermediates at labeling times as short as 1 s, it
      was demonstrated that direct sulfhydration makes no detectable contribution to
      homocysteine biosynthesis, and if operative contributes no more than
      approximately 3% of the total homocysteine biosynthesized. From the combined
      determinations of the initial rates of labeling and net rates of synthesis of the
      various sulfur amino acids, a tentative working model is presented that
      summarizes our best current estimates of the major fluxes of sulfur in the
      experimental system. The labeling data further showed that soluble cysteine
      consists of at least two pools. One pool, termed "rapidly turning over" cysteine
      comprises less than 1% of the total soluble cysteine, and is the precursor of
      GSH, protein cysteine, and, almost certainly, cystathionine. The other pool,
      "slowly turning over" cysteine, appears to be in equilibrium with "rapidly
      turning over" cysteine, but not to be further metabolized.

PMID- 670220
TI  - Regulatory properties of the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex of
      Acetobacter xylinum. In situ studies and localization of the allosteric response
      in the E1 component.

PMID- 670221
TI  - The reaction of ferrous leghemoglobin with hydrogen peroxide to form
      leghemoglobin(IV).
AB  - Ferrous leghemoglobin reacts with hydrogen peroxide to form the stable product,
      leghemoglobin(IV). The reaction follows second order kinetics (k = 2.24 X 10(4) M
      1 S-1 at 20 degrees C) and may be regarded as a single-step, two-electron
      oxidation. Ferric leghemoglobin is not an intermediate. The oxidation state of
      leghemoglobin(IV) is established by reductive titration with dithionite; 2 eq of
      dithionite are required to convert 1 mol of leghemoglobin(IV) to ferrous
      leghemoglobin. An outstanding property of leghemoglobin(IV) is its stability,
      little change is noted after 12 h at 25 degrees C. Leghemoglobin(IV) differs from
      the higher oxidation states of other hemoglobins and myoglobins in that it does
      not react with hydrogen peroxide to form the oxygenated protein.

PMID- 670222
TI  - Identification of essential lysyl and cysteinyl residues in spinach
      ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase modified by the affinity label N
      bromoacetylethanolamine phosphate.
AB  - We reported earlier (Schloss, J. V., and Hartman, F. C. (1977) Biochem. Biophys.
      Res. Commun. 77, 230-236) that N-bromoacetylethanolamine phosphate is an affinity
      label for spinach ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. We now show
      inactivation to be correlated directly with the alkylation either of a single
      lysyl residue (in the presence of Mg2+) or of 2 different cysteinyl residues (in
      the absence of Mg2+), consistent with the likelihood that these residues are
      located in the active site region. This proposition is further supported by the
      demonstration that the residues are protected from alkylation by substrate, a
      competitive inhibitor, or the transition state analog 2-carboxyribitol
      bisphosphate. Tryptic peptides that contain the modified residues have been
      isolated and sequenced. One of the 2 cysteinyl residues that are subject to
      alkylation is only 3 residues distant in sequence from the lysyl residue modified
      by bromoacetylethanolamine phosphate. This lysyl residue is identical with 1 of
      the 2 lysyl residues alkylated by the previously described affinity label, 3
      bromo-1,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone 1,4-bisphosphate (Stringer, C. D., and Hartman, F.
      C. (1978) Biochem. Biophys, Res. Commun. 80, 1043-1048).

PMID- 670223
TI  - Properties of crystalline leucine dehydrogenase from Bacillus sphaericus.
AB  - The distribution of bacterial leucine dehydrogenase (L-leucine:NAD+
      oxidoreductase, deaminating, EC 1.4.1.9) was investigated, and Bacillus
      sphaericus (IFO 3525) was found to have the highest activity of the enzyme.
      Leucine dehydrogenase, which was purified to homogeneity and crystallized from B.
      sphaericus, has a molecular weight of about 245,000 and consists of six identical
      subunits (Mr = 41,000). The enzyme catalyzes the oxidative deamination of L
      leucine, L-valine, L-isoleucine, L-norvaline, L-alpha-aminobutyrate, and L
      norleucine, and the reductive amination of their keto analogues. The enzyme
      requires NAD+ as a cofactor, which cannot be replaced by NADP+. D-Enantiomers of
      the substrate amino acids inhibit competitively the oxidation of L-leucine. The
      enzyme activity is significantly reduced by both sulfhydryl reagents and
      pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. Purine and pyrimidine bases, nucleosides and nucleotides
      have no effect on the enzyme activity. Initial velocity and product inhibition
      studies show that the reductive amination proceeds through a sequential ordered
      ternary-binary mechanism. NADH binds first to the enzyme followed by alpha
      ketoisocaproate and ammonia, and the products are released in the order of L
      leucine and NAD+. The Michaelis constants are as follows: L-leucine (1 mM), NAD+
      (0.39 mM), NADH (35 micrometer), alpha-ketoisocaproate (0.31 mM), and ammonia
      (0.2 M). The pro-S hydrogen at C-4 of the dihydronicotinamide ring of NADH is
      exclusively transferred to the substrate; the enzyme is B-stereospecific.

PMID- 670224
TI  - Amino acid sequence of hemerythrin from Themiste dyscritum.
AB  - The amino acid sequence of hemerythrin from the sipunculid worm, Themiste
      dyscritum, was determined by sequenator analyses of the S-pyridylethylated
      protein and fragments derived by further chemical and enzymatic cleavages. The
      fragments were obtained by cleavage of the intact protein with hydroxylamine,
      trypsin digestion of citraconylated intact protein, and subdigestion with
      Staphylococcal protease V8. The COOH-terminal sequence was determined using
      carboxypeptidases A and B and amino acid analyses. The polypeptide chain was
      found to contain 113 amino acids. Since heterogeneity was observed at no more
      than two positions in the amino acid sequence, the native octameric protein
      appears to be composed of identical subunits. By combining information derived
      from sequence analyses and x-ray crystallographic studies, it has been possible
      to identify amino acids responsible for the tertiary and quaternary structure of
      the protein as well as amino acids serving as iron ligands at the oxygen-binding
      site.

PMID- 670225
TI  - A study of glutamate dehydrogenase.aminotransferase complexes with a bifunctional
      imidate.

PMID- 670226
TI  - Purification and characterization of the cytotoxic Cerebratulus A toxins.
AB  - Mucus secreted from the skin of a marine worm, Cerebratulus lacteus, contains a
      family of polypeptide cytotoxins (A toxins) in addition to the previously
      reported polypeptide neurotoxins (B toxins). The A toxins were purified by
      Sephadex G-50 chromatography and then CM-cellulose gradient chromatography at pH
      7.5 and pH 3.5. The three most abundant A toxins (designated according to their
      order of CM-cellulose elution) were homogeneous by gel electrophoreses, amino
      acid composition, and by NH2-terminal and COOH-terminal partial sequence
      analyses. Each of the three A toxins consists of a single basic polypeptide chain
      of 93 to 99 residues, cross-linked by three or four disulfide bonds, lacking
      reducing sugar and cysteinyl residues. The three A toxins rapidly lysed human red
      cells and Ehrlich ascites tumor cells at 1 to 10 microgram/ml concentrations. On
      a molar basis toxin A-III is about 4 times more active than melittin (bee venom
      lysin) and over 10 times more active than cardiotoxin (elapid snake lysin) upon
      human red cells. Purified A toxins lacked phospholipase A activity. The cytoxins
      as well as the neurotoxins were concentrated within the body wall integument.

PMID- 670227
TI  - RNA synthesis in rat liver cells with different DNA contents.
AB  - The DNA content of mature rat liver parenchymal cells falls into three distinct
      classes with 1:2:4 amounts of DNA. These classes represent 2 N, 4 N, and 8 N
      cells. We have measured the changing proportions of these cells from 0.75 to 24
      months of age. We have obtained a useful approximation for the numbers of each
      ploidy class, for cellular preparations from liver, as a function of the amount
      of DNA and age. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the average DNA
      content per cell is given by the relationship DNA/cell = 41.28(1/2)--324.14
      Age1/4 + 499.37 Age1/8--207.24, with a multiple correlation coefficient of 0.990.
      Measurements of the amount of RNA synthesized in a 15-min period revealed that
      the relative proportions were 1.2:1.0 for 4 N:2 N cells of young rats,
      1.3:1.1.:1.0 for 8 N:4 N:2 N cells of intermediate ages, and 1.1:1.0 for 8 N:4 N
      cells of old rats. The absolute amounts of RNA synthesized by each ploidy class
      declined with age.

PMID- 670228
TI  - Enzymatic synthesis of a glucose-containing oligosaccharide-lipid involved in
      glycosylation of proteins.
AB  - Earlier studies on the biosynthesis of an oligosaccharide-lipid with the
      structure (alpha-Man)4-6-beta-Man-(1 leads to 4)-beta-GlcNAc-(1 leads to 4)
      GlcNAc-P-P-dolichol have been extended to show that enzymes in membrane
      preparations of hen oviduct catalyze synthesis of a Glc-containing
      oligosaccharide-lipid that is similar in properties to the Glc-free
      oligosaccharide-lipid. Conditions that enable enzymatic preparation of Man-,
      GlcNAc-, or Glc-labeled oligosaccharide-lipid have been established. Experiments
      with isolated [Glc-14C]oligosaccharide-lipid as substrate demonstrated that the
      oligosaccharide chain was transferred en bloc from the lipid to an endogenous
      membrane protein of apparent Mr = 25,000. In addition, an exogenous soluble
      protein, S-carboxymethylated alpha-lactalbumin, was shown to serve as acceptor of
      the oligosaccharide chain from the Glc-containing oligosaccharide-lipid. Studies
      on the metabolic fate of the Glc residues in these proteins are reported in the
      accompanying paper (Chen, W. W., and Lennarz, W. J. (1978) J. Biol. Chem. 253,
      5780-5785).

PMID- 670229
TI  - Enzymatic excision of glucosyl units linked to the oligosaccharide chains of
      glycoproteins.
AB  - Studies in the accompanying paper (Chen, W. W., and Lennarz, W. J. (1978) J.
      Biol. Chem. 253, 5774-5779) showed that hen oviduct membranes catalyze synthesis
      of a Glc-containing oligosaccharide-lipid and that the oligosaccharide moiety of
      this compound is transferred en bloc to an endogenous protein as well as to an
      exogenous, soluble protein. In this study we have established that the
      endogeneous proteins in oviduct membranes are devoid of Glc. In view of these
      findings, the possibility that Glc was excised from the oligosaccharide chain
      after it had been transferred to protein was examined. Kinetic studies involving
      the use of endogenous membrane proteins as acceptors of the oligosaccharide chain
      suggested that the Glc residues were released without significant degradation of
      the core oligosaccharide. Direct evidence for the presence of a membrane-bound
      glucosidase was obtained using either free, Glc-containing oligosaccharide or Glc
      containing oligosaccharide linked to S-carboxymethylated alpha-lactalbumin as
      substrates. Experiments utilizing [3H]Glc- and [14C]GlcNAc-labeled, glycosylated
      S-carboxymethylated alpha-lactalbumin established that, under conditions leading
      to extensive removal of [3H]Glc, there was essentially no degradation of the
      [14C]GlcNAc-labeled oligosaccharide core.

PMID- 670230
TI  - Primary structural requirements for the enzymatic formation of the N-glycosidic
      bond in glycoproteins. Studies with alpha-lactalbumin.

PMID- 670231
TI  - Physical and functional properties of adenylate cyclase from mature rat testis.
AB  - The mature rat testis contains two forms of adenylate cyclase. One is membrane
      bound and hormone-responsive; the other is water-soluble and not activated by
      hormones (Braun, T., and Dods, R. F. (1976) Pnoc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 72,
      1097-1101). The water-soluble adenylate cyclase is a globular protein which is
      much smaller than the enzyme which is solubilized from membranes of mature rat
      testis by Triton X-100. Its physical properties are: sedimentation coefficient,
      3.8 S; Stokes radius, 34 A; molecular weight, 56,000; frictional ratio, 1.2.
      Inclusion of protease inhibitors during enzyme extraction did not affect the
      fraction of total enzyme activity which was water-soluble, nor did autolysis for
      1 h at 25 degrees C. The physical properties of the membrane-bound adenylate
      cyclase were determined after solubilization with Triton X-100. In detergent, the
      values are: sedimentation coefficient, 6.7 S; Stokes radius, 68 A; partial
      specific volume, 0.73 ml/g; molecular weight, 191,000; frictional ratio, 1.6. The
      fact that the partial specific volume of the enzyme in detergent is the same as
      that of a typical water-soluble protein shows that the Triton X-100-solubilized
      enzyme does not bind a large quantity of detergent. This indicates that it does
      not have extensive hydrophobic regions on its surface. The detergent-solubilized
      adenylate cyclase of the mature rat testis is similar in this respect to
      adenylate cyclase solubilized from the rat renal medulla (Neer, E. J. (1974) J.
      Biol. Chem. 249, 6527-6531).

PMID- 670232
TI  - The uptake of L-glutamic acid in a normal mouse lymphocyte line and in a
      transport mutant.

PMID- 670233
TI  - Immunological properties of fractionated avian erythroid nuclei.
AB  - Chicken reticulocyte (polychromatic primitive erythrocyte) and erythrocyte
      chromatin was fractionated by ultrasound shearing and salt precipitation into
      three fractions differing in their activities to support the in vitro RNA
      synthesis. The transcriptionally active fraction of chicken reticulocyte
      chromatin which represented only about 0.5% of the total nuclear DNA contained
      essentially all the chromatin-associated endogenous RNA. Approximately 2% of this
      endogenous reticulocyte RNA hybridized to globin cDNA probe and could be
      translated in vitro into polypeptides which coelectrophoresed with the in vitro
      translation product of isolated chicken globin mRNA or chicken globin marker.
      Each of the three fractions had a characteristic distribution of chromosomal
      proteins and endogenous RNA. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the
      chromosomal proteins showed differences in their distribution among individual
      fractions of the same cell type and among corresponding fractions of reticulocyte
      or erythrocyte chromatin. Antisera produced against dehistonized reticulocyte
      chromatin were specific for reticulocyte but not erythrocyte chromatin. When
      reacted with each of the differentially templating chromatin fractions, it was
      found that reticulocyte-specific antibodies were highly reactive with the
      template-active fraction of reticulocytes, but essentially nonreactive with any
      other reticulocyte fraction. This same antiserum was not significantly reactive
      toward any erythrocyte fraction. The antigenicity of the template-active fraction
      of reticulocytes was abolished after pronase or DNase II digestion, but only
      partially diminished after DNase I digestion.

PMID- 670234
TI  - Purification of the "corrinoid" enzyme involved in the synthesis of acetate by
      Clostridium thermoaceticum.
AB  - A corrinoid enzyme has been purified to approximately 80% homogeneity from
      Clostridium thermoaceticum. It catalyzes the formation of acetate from N5
      methyltetrahydrofolate and pyruvate in combination with the required
      supplementary enzymes which are supplied by an extract that has been treated with
      propyl iodide. The enzyme was purified by chromatography on a folate affinity
      column and a DEAE-Bio-Gel column and by ultrafiltration. The molecular weight as
      determined by sedimentation equilibrium is 158,000 and the sedimentation
      coefficient is 10.5 S. By gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate, the
      subunit molecular weight was found to be 40,000, thus, the enzyme may be a
      tetramer of four similar subunits. The results of electron microscopy confirmed
      the tetrameric structure. In the absence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, two bands of
      similar intensity were observed by electrophoresis, but both yielded the 40,000
      molecular weight subunit in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. These results
      indicate the two bands represent either two different molecular weight forms of
      the enzyme or two differently charged isoenzymes. The enzyme is quite labile
      being sensitive to dilution, aerobic conditions, and light. Dithiothreitol and
      glycerol were found to stabilize the enzyme. The cofactor requirements for
      acetate synthesis have been determined. ATP, thiamin pyrophosphate, S
      adenosylmethionine, and Fe2+ were found to be required for maximum activity and
      the Km values were determined. High concentrations of methyltetrahydrofolate,
      pyruvate, and S-adenosylmethionine were found to inhibit the synthesis of
      acetate.

PMID- 670235
TI  - Biosynthesis of bovine thyroid gangliosides.

PMID- 670236
TI  - Quantitation of dihydrofolate reductase in individual parental and methotrexate
      resistant murine cells. Use of a fluorescence activated cell sorter.

PMID- 670237
TI  - Histidine-rich proteins as molecular markers of epidermal differentiation.

PMID- 670239
TI  - Pediatric photography in comparison to adult patient photography.

PMID- 670238
TI  - The copyright act of 1976.

PMID- 670240
TI  - A digital databack timer.

PMID- 670241
TI  - Fluorescein angiography of the brain--the photographic procedure.

PMID- 670242
TI  - Monitoring tar therapeutics with fluorescence photography.

PMID- 670243
TI  - Experience with the Kodak Royalprint processor in a biophotography department.

PMID- 670244
TI  - Human locomotion in space analyzed biomechanically through a multi-link chain
      model.

PMID- 670245
TI  - Kinematic investigation of normal MCP joint.

PMID- 670246
TI  - An investigation of the relationship between displacements of the finger and
      wrist joints and the extrinsic finger flexor tendons.

PMID- 670247
TI  - Analysis of disorder in pulsatile flows with application to poststenotic blood
      velocity measurement in dogs.

PMID- 670248
TI  - Radiographic studies of lateral flexion in the lumbar spine.

PMID- 670249
TI  - On biomechanics of joints. The influence of functional cartilage swelling on the
      congruity of regularly curved joints.

PMID- 670250
TI  - Finite-element analysis of the strain variations in excised lobe of canine lung.

PMID- 670251
TI  - Effect of comonomer ratio on hydrocortisone diffusion from sustained-release
      composite capsules.
AB  - The daily in vitro release of hydrocortisone from composite polymer capsules is
      reported here for over 120 days. Increase in vinyl acetate comonomer content of
      the ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer matrix brought about an increase in the
      diffusion rate. Variation in the initial drug content of the capsules from 40 mg
      to 20 mg affects the daily drug release less significantly than the variation in
      copolymer ratio. The correlation between vinyl acetate comonomer content and the
      percent crystallinity of the copolymer matrix is suggested as one of the possible
      major factors in controlling diffusion rate from this drug-polymer system. The
      diffusion constant (D) calculated was 0.212 X 10(10) cm2/sec when the copolymer
      carrier has 30% vinyl acetate content and 0.430 X 10(11) cm2/sec when the
      copolymer carrier has 20% vinyl acetate content for capsules with 20 mg initial
      drug content, and 0.118 X 10(-11) cm2/sec and 0.226 X 10(-11) cm2/sec,
      respectively, for capsules with 40 mg initial drug content.

PMID- 670252
TI  - Thrombus formation in a staged capillary membrane oxygenator associated with a
      microaggregate blood filter: a scanning electron microscope study.
AB  - Blood contact at interfaces in extracorporeal devices is a source of traumas.
      Proteins are very rapidly adsorbed; then, depending on which proteins are left
      various degrees of platelet aggregation follow and thrombi develop. The scanning
      electron microscope reveals very instructive information on the morphology of the
      blood deposits which adhere to foreign surfaces. Oxygenators such as the Awad D,
      which is a staged one made of silicone rubber, become "thrombus invaded" after
      prolonged extracorporeal circulation in spite of adequate heparinization of the
      blood. In most cases, evaluation of membranes and devices is assessed with
      respect to transfer of blood gases. Careful examination of the morphology of
      deposits should be developed. This study shows the importance of blood flow rate,
      design, and materials.

PMID- 670253
TI  - Characterization of self-curing acrylic bone cements.

PMID- 670254
TI  - Compatibility and long-term stability of glass-ceramic implants.
AB  - The biocompatible and bioactive glass-ceramic material Ceravital, which has been
      developed, can be adapted to the physiological conditions of the organs by
      apropriately monitoring its chemical composition. The material exhibits a
      remarkable long-term stability in in vitro solubility tests and when used as
      implants in animal experiments.

PMID- 670255
TI  - The appearances of wear on polyethylene--a comparison of in vivo and in vitro
      wear surfaces.
AB  - An examination has been made of the wear surfaces of 21 ultra-high-molecular
      weight polyethylene components of hip and knee joint prostheses removed from
      patients. Both light optics and scanning electron microscope systems of
      examination have been used. The appearances are compared with specimens subjected
      to two different in vitro wear tests. Surface appearances related to the wear
      experience have been classified into seven modes. At least four of these are
      evidences of what may be four different wear mechanisms. Entrapment of bone
      cement particles between articulating surfaces is fundamentally extraneous but is
      seen to generate the most severe wear. In the absence of bone-cement particles,
      in vivo, wear seems to be mild. Wear in vitro produces similar surface modes but
      with different relative emphasis.

PMID- 670256
TI  - Compliance as a factor effecting the patency of a copolyurethane vascular graft.
AB  - A new solid-wall vascular graft which has a compliance approximating that of the
      natural artery has been prepared from a copolyether-urethane material. Six of
      nine of these compliant grafts implanted in dogs were patent on removal, the
      longest implant time being 77 days for a 4-mm I.D. femoral artery graft. This is
      in contrast to noncompliant grafts of the same copolyurethane in which failure
      usually occurred within 48 hr.

PMID- 670257
TI  - Evaluation of sunlight stability of polyurethane elastomers for maxillofacial
      use. I.
AB  - The evaluation of the efficiency of polymer additives with special emphasis on uv
      absorbers and antioxidants in polyurethane elastomers has been completed.
      Aliphatic polyurethanes were chosen for this study because their properties
      closely relate to the requirements of maxillofacial prosthesis. The polyurethane
      elastomers were either synthesized by ourselves or formulated according to the
      manufacturer's recommendation. Eleven different types of uv absorbes, coupled
      with one antioxidant, were incorporated into the polyurethane systems. The Atlas
      twin-lamp carbon arc Weatherometer was used as the source of uv. The samples were
      periodically withdrawn for examination of yellowing and tackiness. It was found
      that, although the incorporation of uv stabilizers enhanced the uv resistance of
      polyurethanes, the problem of tackiness resulting from uv aging was not solved
      satisfactorily. The phenomenon of yellowing, however, was significantly improved,
      mainly due to the aliphatic structure of polyurethanes. The most promising uv
      absorbers are Tinuvin 770 and the combination of Tinuvin 328, ZnO, and an
      antioxidant. Their effectiveness in other polyurethane systems is not known and
      further research is underway to explore this field. Hopefully, these findings
      will greatly assist the successful application polyurethane elastomers in
      maxillofacial prosthesis.

PMID- 670258
TI  - Force production decay rate in Alastik modules.
AB  - The production and decay of forces produced by Alastik modules was studied under
      conditions simulating clinical usage over time period of 2 hr to 4 weeks. Force
      decay was moderate and all Kx modules tested produced approximately 1 lb of force
      at the end of the 4-week test period. Therefore, from a clinical standpoint,
      modules need not be changed more frequently than once every 4 weeks.

PMID- 670259
TI  - The effect of the cooling rate of dental alloys on their amalgamation properties.
AB  - Silver-tin alloys of various compositions (60-80 atomic % Ag) have been prepared
      from the melt using cooling rates from about 50 degrees C/hr to about 10(6)
      degrees C/sec. Structural differences due to the different cooling rates were
      shown by metallographic and x-ray diffraction techniques. From each composition
      and cooling rate, powders were then prepared and amalgamated. The amalgams were
      tested for Hg content, dimensional change during setting, and tensile strength.
      Changes in cooling rates had some effect on the relative amounts of phases
      present but primarily affected the grain sizes. In general, the faster the
      cooling rate, the smaller the grain size; the smaller the grain size, the faster
      and more uniform the amalgamation; the more uniform the amalgamation, the
      stronger the amalgam. Storage of the alloy powders at room temperatures slowed
      their amalgamation rates, destroyed their uniformity,and resulted in weaker
      amalgams. However, no phase changes were observed by x-ray diffraction in the
      freshly comminuted alloys after aging at room temperature for two months.

PMID- 670260
TI  - The effect of shear, specific surface, and air interface on the development of
      blood emboli and hemolysis.
AB  - Heparinized dog blood was exposed to shear and foreign surfaces in
      conicylindrical test cells. The cells were injection molded from polycarbonate
      and were filled using a technique that avoided contact of the blood with air.
      Particulate-matter formation was measured and was found to be dominated by the
      surface-to-blood-volume ratio and to be independent of shear rate. Hemolysis was
      also measured and was found to vary linearly with shear rate and to increase with
      increasing surface-to-blood volume ratio. Thus, at low shear rates and high
      specific surface conditions, the degree of hemolysis was found to be minimal
      while particulate-matter formation was high. The results suggest that the safety
      of extracoporeal perfusion procedures cannot be inferred from hemolysis
      measurements alone. In one series of tests, a gas-blood interface was generated
      at a rate equivalent to the rate of surface renewal in conventional disc
      oxygenators. The gas-blood interface failed to contribute significantly to the
      damage indices, which suggests that the apparent superiority of membrane
      oxygenators may be a result of factors other than the absence of a blood-gas
      interface.

PMID- 670261
TI  - Hydraulic permeability of hollow-fiber membranes.
AB  - Two experimental methods have been developed to characterize the pressure-driven
      flow of a liquid through the walls of single hollow-fiber membranes. In one
      method, the permeation rate is measured directly by following the air-water
      interface in a pressurized pipet connected to a hollow fiber which is sealed at
      one end. With the second method, the permeation rate is determined by tracking
      the decent of an air bubble inside a pressurized hollow fiber sealed at one end.
      Results obtained by the two experimental methods are in good agreement. Darcy's
      law is used to analyze the experimental data because the Darcy permeability
      constant, k is an intrinsic property of the material. The membrane dimensions and
      the Darcy permeability constant for reconstituted collagen hollow fibers are
      shown to be quite sensitive to hydrogen ion concentration and ionic strength. A
      conceptual link between the Darcy permeability constant and the membrane
      microstructure is obtained by combining the the aligned-rod structural model for
      reconstituted collagen proposed by Kramer with a hydrodynamic calculation due to
      Happel and electrical double-layer theory. On the average, the predictions of
      this model for volume fraction solids and microstructure dimensions are in
      reasonable agreement with experimental observations.

PMID- 670262
TI  - Maxillofacial prostheses of chlorinated polyethylene.
AB  - There is clearly a need for maxillofacial prosthetic materials with improved
      properties. The chlorinated polyethylenes are thermoplastic elastomers which have
      particularly promising properties, and were used by us to prepare improved
      maxillofacial prostheses. Suitable CPE resins were compounded with other polymers
      and with pigments on a heated rubber mill to form thin sheets in a variety of
      shades. These were heated at 190 degrees C for 10 min and placed between heated
      linotype mold halves. The prosthesis was formed in a hand press. Sometimes
      heating and pressing were repeated. After cooling in water, the prosthesis was
      removed and hand-shaded with oil-soluble dyes. Physical properties were evaluated
      using standard techniques; skin irritation studies were conducted by 14-day
      insult patch tests on rabbits. Clinical evaluations were conducted on human
      volunteers. Parallel evaluations were conducted on commerically available
      materials for comparison. The CPE was superior to all of the three commerical
      materials in most properties, and comparable to the better of the three in the
      remaining properties. On balance, CPE was significantly superior. Early results
      indicate that the materials and techniques required are easily handled in the
      dental lab and that the final prosthesis has excellent aesthetic and patient
      acceptability.

PMID- 670263
TI  - Kinematics of the wrist. I. An experimental study of radial-ulnar deviation and
      flexion-extension.
AB  - The kinematics of the wrist during radial-ulnar deviation and flexion-extension
      were studied in several ways. In six fresh cadaver wrists, the forearm was fixed
      in full pronation, each motion was constrained to one plane, and two metal
      markers were placed in each of the finger metacarpals, as well as in the radius
      and all of the carpal bones except the pisiform and greater multangular. Radial
      ulnar and flexion-extension movements in these wrists were studied
      roentgenographically. In the wrists of six normal volunteers, a similar
      roentgenographic analysis was carried out and the trajectories of wrist motions
      also were studied using light-emitting diodes. Finally, roentgenographic
      measurements were made on 100 wrists of normal subjects. From these studies, it
      was concluded that: (1) during each of these motions, rotation occurs about a
      fixed axis located within the head of the capitate, and the location of each axis
      is not changed by the position of the hand in either plane; (2) the distance from
      the base of the third metacarpal to the distal articular surface of the radius
      (the carpal height), measured along the proximally projected axis of the third
      metacarpal on posteroanterior roentgenograms, is constant throughout radial-ulnar
      deviation of the normal wrist and can be used as a measure of carpal collapse;
      and (3) the perpendicular distance of the fixed axis of rotation for radial-ulnar
      deviation from the distally projected longitudinal axis of the ulna can be used
      as a quantitative measurement of the amount of translation of the carpus in
      pathological conditions.

PMID- 670264
TI  - Myelodysplasia. The influence of the quadriceps and hip abductor muscles on
      ambulatory function and stability of the hip.
AB  - In an analysis of motor function, ambulatory function, and hip stability in sixty
      five patients with myelodysplasia, four motor-function groups based on the
      strength of the quadriceps and hip abductor muscles were identified.
      Retrospectively, it was evident that based on these groups, it would have been
      possible to predict which hips would remain stable, what level of ambulatory
      function the patients could achieve, and whether treatment to reduce and
      stabilize the hips was indicated. Fifty-seven of fifty-eight hips in the twenty
      nine patients with functioning quadriceps muscles but non-functioning hip
      abductor muscles were either subluxated or dislocated. Thirty-nine of the
      remaining forty-six patients with functioning quadriceps muscles could walk. In
      this series, three operative procedures were used to treat hip subluxation: varus
      osteotomy, varus osteotomy combined with iliopsoas transfer, and iliopsoas
      transfer alone. One shelf procedure was also done. Varus osteotomy was the best
      procedure for hip subluxation while posterior iliopsoas transfer, either alone or
      in combination with a varus osteotomy, was of questionable value. Treatment of
      hip instability (subluxation or dislocation) in patients without quadriceps
      function was not necessary.

PMID- 670265
TI  - Arthroscopic examination of the knee. Polypuncture technique with percutaneous
      intra-articular manipulation.
AB  - Many of the limitations of conventional diagnostic arthroscopy of the knee have
      been largely overcome through the development of techniques that permit
      manipulation of intra-articular structures through paired, coordinated entry
      sites. Ten accessory entry sites are described. This technique was tested in
      sixty-three fresh knees from cadavera and was employed in fifty-eight knees of
      ninety patients who required arthroscopy between September 1976 and July 1977.
      The technique provided information of diagnostic significance that was not
      obtainable on preliminary conventional arthroscopic examination in 74 per cent of
      the clinical trials, and it resulted in no complications. It increased the
      accuracy and realiability of diagnostic arthroscopy of the knee and at times
      helped to avoid an exploratory arthrotomy while facilitating the planning of
      therapeutic arthrotomy.

PMID- 670266
TI  - Arthrographic findings in Legg-Calve-Perthes disease and transient synovitis of
      the hip.
AB  - Bilateral arthrography of the hip was performed in thirty-seven patients with
      unilateral Legg-Calve-Perthes disease. Measurements made on the plain
      roentgenograms and on the arthrograms of the diameter of the femoral head, the
      width of the medial joint space, and the thickness of the acetabular cartilage
      were compared. The acetabulum-head quotients also were calculated. When present,
      evidence of flattening of the femoral head cartilage and of pooling of the
      contrast material also was noted. These data showed that in the early stages of
      Legg-Calve-Perthes disease the articular cartilage is thickened, and that the
      cartilaginous femoral head is deformed and protrudes from the acetabulum.
      Arthrograms made with the hip in different positions also indicated the extent
      and location of collapse of the (osteochondroal) femoral head and therefore
      proved useful as a means to determine the best therapeutic position of the hip to
      provide coverage of the head. In three patients with severe transient synovitis,
      thickening of the articular cartilage resembling that seen in Legg-Calve-Perthes
      disease was demonstrated.

PMID- 670267
TI  - Role of the posterior calf muscles in normal gait.
AB  - The role of the calf muscles during the single-limb stance phase of gait was
      assessed in fifteen normal subjects and in seven with either an amputation or a
      neuromuscular deficit. Normal activity of the muscles, paralysis by nerve blocks,
      and stability versus instability of the ankle were studied. Pelvic displacement
      and velocity, step length, and step time were evaluated for each limb during the
      gait cycle, and the contribution of activity of calf muscles to each was
      determined. Limb-segment position, lower-limb joint angles, over-all cadence,
      velocity, and stride length were measured to reveal compensatory mechanisms in
      the absence of muscle strength in the calf. The results indicate that the force
      produced by activity of calf muscles is used to restrain the body's own forward
      momentum and not used to propel it further. Absence of the calf muscle causes an
      immediate compensatory reaction directed toward maintaining over-all stability
      rather than speed.

PMID- 670268
TI  - Function of the triceps surae during gait. Compensatory mechanisms for unilateral
      loss.
AB  - We studied the gait of a woman who was normal except for surgical excision of the
      gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. She was able to compensate for nearly all of
      her abnormalites of gait by excessive lateral pelvic tilt and prolonged
      quadriceps activity. Her mild disability, as regards gait, consisted of inability
      to increase walking speeds beyond the normal pacing. However, despite uneven step
      lengths, she had uniform forward progression. She had excessive dorsiflexion of
      the ankle and diminished plantar flexion on the involved side even though the
      retained plantar flexors could provide 38 per cent of her normal plantar flexor
      strength.

PMID- 670269
TI  - Scapulocostal stabilization for scapular winging in facioscapulohumeral muscular
      dystrophy.
AB  - A surgical procedure has been devised to prevent scapular winging and to increase
      shoulder abduction in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy. The operation
      improves the limited shoulder abduction and scapular winging caused by the loss
      of scapular fixation  to the thoracic cage, while passive abduction at the
      glenohumeral joint remains normal. Preventing scapular malrotation by eliminating
      scapulothoracic motion increases shoulder abduction. This is achieved by
      fastening the scapula to several underlying ribs with fascia. The operation has
      resulted in a 37 per cent increase in abduction, increased shoulder strength and
      endurance, and the prevention of scapular winging.

PMID- 670270
TI  - A new type of fracture-dislocation of the thoracolumbar spine.
AB  - Ten instances of fracture-dislocation of the thoracolumbar spine are described in
      which the lower vertebra was displaced forward under the upper one by forward
      slipping of the posterior articular processes. The mechanism involved is a
      posterior lumbosacral shearing force. All patients had neurological deficits of
      different degrees of severity and all but three patients recovered. Surgical
      treatment was indicated because of instability in four patients and was done in
      three of the four. Surgical reduction was always difficult. A stable and painless
      spine was achieved in all patients surveyed, regardless of the kind of treatment
      given. One patient died of other injuries.

PMID- 670271
TI  - Fractures of the femoral shaft treated surgically. Comparative results of early
      and delayed operative stabilization.
AB  - In a study of the results of operative reduction and internal stabilization of
      eighty-nine femoral fractures, operative reduction was performed within six days
      in fifty-four of the fractures and between seven and thirty days in thirty-five.
      Dual Eggers plates were used in sixty-three fractures; intramedullary nails, in
      eighteen; a nail-plate, in six; and a single plate, in two fractures. The
      criteria for ultimate healing were roentgenographic demonstration of bridging
      callus and the ability of the patient to bear full, unsupported weight on the
      extremity. Healing that occurred later than  nine months after fracture was
      considered to be delayed. In the group treated by early operative management, the
      incidence of delayed union was 18 per cent and of non-union, 18 per cent. In the
      group treated by delayed operative management, the incidence of delayed union was
      3 per cent and there were no instances of non-union. All ten non-unions, ten of
      the eleven delayed unions, and five of the six infections occurred in the early
      operative group.

PMID- 670272
TI  - Fluid balance within the canine anterolateral compartment and its relationship to
      compartment syndromes.
AB  - Fluid homeostasis within muscle compartments is maintained by four pressures:
      capillary blood pressure, capillary blood oncotic pressure, tissue-fluid
      pressure, and tissue fluid oncotic pressure. As determined in the canine
      anterolateral compartment, capillary blood pressure is 25 +/- 3 millimeters of
      mercury; capillary blood oncotic pressure, 26 +/- 3 millimeters of mercury,
      tissue-pbessure, -2 +/- 2 millimeters of mercury; and tissue-fluid oncotic
      pressure, 11 +/- 1 millimeters of mercury. The wick technique allows direct
      measurement of tissue-fluid pressure in skeletal muscle and, with minor
      modifications, is adapted to collect microsamples of interstitial fluid for
      determinations of tissue-fluid oncotic pressure. The wick technique detects very
      slight fluctuations in intracompartmental pressure such as light finger
      compression, injection of small volumes of fluid, and even pulsation due to
      adjacent arterial pressure. Adjacent muscle compartments may contain different
      tissue-fluid pressure due to impermeable osseofascial barriers. Our results
      obtained in canine muscle compartments pressurized by infusion of autologous
      plasma suggest that risks of muscle damage are significant at intracompartmental
      pressures greater than thirty millimeters of mercury.

PMID- 670273
TI  - A fluted femoral intramedullary rod. Biomechanical analysis and preliminary
      clinical results.
AB  - An intramedullary rod for the femur was designed and compared with rods commonly
      used. Its bending strength was increased 40 to 80 per cent and its torsional
      rigidity was increased 230 to 3,000 per cent compared with the other devices
      tested. In forty patients with traumatic and pathological fractures and
      osteotomies of the femur, excellent fixation was achieved and very early weight
      bearing was possible. In all fresh fractures and non-infected non-unions, union
      occurred very promptly and bone-grafting was not required in most instances. The
      stregth and rigidity of the device made it exceptionally useful for non-unions,
      pathological fractures of the femur, and resection-fusions of the knee.

PMID- 670274
TI  - Structural changes in intact tubular bone after application of rigid plates with
      and without compression.
AB  - The influence of a rigid plate on the structure of intact tubular bone was
      studied in forty adult rabbits using a four-hole commercial-steel DCP-ASIF plate
      attached to each tibiofibular bone, with and without compression. The
      morphological changes in the bone underlying the plate were examined and were
      assessed quantitatively at one day to thirty-six weeks after operation. The rigid
      plate induced porotic changes in the cortical bone, which were evident three
      weeks after the operation and increased rapidly between twelve and eighteen
      weeks. At thirty-six weeks, resorption cavities occupied 40.6 per cent of the
      cortical wall of the bones plated with compression and 41.2 per cent of the wall
      of those plated without compression. The changes were visible slightly earlier in
      the presence of compression. A rigid plate brought about a statistically
      significant increase both in the outer diameter of the bone and in the diameter
      of the medullary space as a result of subperiosteal new-bone formation and
      concomitant subendosteal bone resorption.

PMID- 670275
TI  - Geometric total knee replacement for treatment of the rheumatoid knee.
AB  - The results of fifty-four geometric total knee arthroplasties in forty-four
      patients with definite or classic rheumatoid arthritis were analyzed twenty-four
      to sixty-four months after the surgical procedure. There were no operative
      deaths, no postoperative infections, and no known pulmonary emboli. Three
      patients required additional operative procedures on the knee: one, a
      patellectomy for pain one year after arthroplasty; the second, resection of
      tibial bone and reinsertion of the tibial component to correct a flexion
      contracture; and the third, replacement of the tibial component because of
      loosening. The relief of pain and increase in ability to carry out the activities
      of daily living were dramatic in these patients, who, because of the limitations
      imposed by their rheumatoid arthritis, applied minimum stress on the prosthetic
      knees. Postoperatively, the average arc of knee flexion was 104 degrees.

PMID- 670276
TI  - Somatosensory evoked potentials during Harrington instrumentation for scoliosis.
AB  - The somatosensory evoked potential can be obtained in the anesthetized patient
      during corrective surgery on the spine. The techniques of anesthesia and
      somatosensory evoked potential recordings described herein were utilized in fifty
      five patients during surgical correction of scoliosis with Harrington
      instrumentation and spine fusion. No detectable complications were encountered
      and no neurological morbidity ensued in our series. This method may prove to be
      of significant value when potential injury to the spinal cord may be encountered
      during correction of spinal deformities.

PMID- 670277
TI  - Intraoperative awakening to monitor spinal cord function during Harrington
      instrumentation and spine fusion. Description of procedure and report of three
      cases.
AB  - Since Vauzelle and associates first reported in 1973 on the functional monitoring
      of spinal cord activity during surgery on the spine, we have used intraoperative
      awakening routinely in patients undergoing surgery involving distraction of the
      spinal column. Of the 166 consecutive patients studied, three were discovered to
      have a neural deficiency when they were awakened during surgery. These deficits
      disappeared immediately on release of the distracting force. Although it is
      unlikely that all three patients would have proceeded to paraplegia, we believe
      that this is a safe and sensitive test which will identify patients in danger of
      neural complications.

PMID- 670278
TI  - Dislocation of the elbow joint.

PMID- 670279
TI  - Late injuries to femoral vessels after fracture of the hip. Case report.

PMID- 670280
TI  - Adenocarcinoma metastatic to chondrosarcoma. A case report.

PMID- 670281
TI  - Vertebral osteomyelitis, caused by Arachnia propionica and resembling
      actinomycosis. Report of a case.

PMID- 670282
TI  - Congenital reduplication of the femur associated with paraxial fibular hemimelia.
      Report of a case.

PMID- 670283
TI  - Fracture of the os tibiale externum. A case report.

PMID- 670284
TI  - Median and ulnar-nerve palsy: an unusual presentation of the supracondylar
      process. Report of a case.

PMID- 670285
TI  - Giant osteochondral loose body of the knee joint. A case report.

PMID- 670287
TI  - The natural history of "idiopathic" frozen shoulder.

PMID- 670286
TI  - Sudden death from massive tumor embolization of chondrosarcoma. Report of a case.

PMID- 670288
TI  - Journey into the unknown. First Vice-Presidential address to the American Academy
      of Orthopaedic Surgeons.

PMID- 670289
TI  - Experimental induction of gene activity in the salivary gland chromosomes of
      Trichosia pubescens (Diptera: Sciaridae).
AB  - During the course of experiments with larvae of Trichosia pubescens, we have
      unexpectedly found that diethyl ether or chloroform anesthesia induces a large
      puff in a specific band in the polytene chromosomes of the salivary glands. This
      puff develops a few minutes after the treatment, attaining its maximum size after
      60-100 min, and regresses completely 200 min after its activation. Through
      autoradiography, an intense incorporation of RNA precursors into that puff was
      observed. A few other smaller puffs are also induced by the treatment. The
      treatment with diethyl ether or chloroform does not induce puffing in the
      polytene cells of malpighian tubules and of midgut.

PMID- 670290
TI  - Cell fractionation studies on the guinea pig pancreas. Redistribution of exocrine
      proteins during tissue homogenization.
AB  - A double-label protocol was used to estimate the extent of leakage and relocation
      artifacts that affect exocrine pancreatic proteins in cell fractionation
      experiments. Guinea pig pancreatic lobules were pulsed in vitro with a mixture of
      14C-amino acids to enable the lobules to produce and process endogenously labeled
      exocrine proteins. At the end of the pulse (10 min) or after an appropriate chase
      interval, the lobules were homogenized in 0.3 M sucrose to which a complete
      mixture of 3H-labeled exocrine pancreatic proteins was added as an exogenous
      tracer. The distribution of both labels was studied in each cell fraction of
      interest at the level of TCA-insoluble proteins and individual exocrine proteins
      resolved by using a two-dimensional gel system. Based on the premises that the
      exogenous and endogenous label behave identically during homogenization
      fractionation and that all endogenously labeled exocrine proteins found in the
      postmicrosomal supernate come from intracellular compartments ruptured during
      tissue homogenization, a series of equations was derived to quantitate leakage
      and adsorption and to define the ratio of endogenous label still in its primary
      location to total label (primary location index or PLI) for each cell fraction.
      Leakage was found to be uniform for all exocrine proteins, but unequal in extent
      from different cell compartments (condensing vacuoles is greater than zymogen
      granules is greater than rough endoplasmic reticulum) ; it increased with
      exposure to shearing forces especially in the case of zymogen granules and
      condensing vacuoles, and was substantially reduced from rough microsomes by
      adding 10 mM KCl to the homogenization media. Relocation of exogenous label by
      adsorption to other subcellular components was extensive (approximately 55%),
      uneven (free polysomes is greater than rough microsomes is greater than smooth
      microsomes and zymogen granules), preferential (cationic proteins are massively
      adsorbed to ribosomes and membranes, resulting in a complementary enrichment of
      the post-microsomal supernate with anionic exocrine proteins), and reversible
      (with successive 50-100 mM KCl washes). After correction for adsorption and
      leakage, the kinetics of intracellular transport derived from cell fractionation
      data were found to be nearly identical to those obtained from quantitative
      autoradiographic studies.

PMID- 670291
TI  - Inhibition by insulin of the formation of autophagic vacuoles in rat liver. A
      morphometric approach to the kinetics of intracellular degradation by autophagy.
AB  - Electron microscopic morphometry has demonstrated a rapid decrease in the
      fractional volume of autophagic vacuoles (AV) in hepatocytes of adult male rats
      after the intraperitoneal administration of insulin (5 U/kg of body weight).
      Except for a significant decrease in glycogen to about one-half its initial
      value, no major changes in the composition of the remaining cytoplasm, or in the
      average volume of the single hepatocyte, were seen. The decrease found in the AVs
      is attributed to an inhibition of the formation of new AVs-probably the
      morphologic counterpart of the well-known anticatabolic effects of insulin. The
      decay of the fractional volume of the AVs appeared to follow first-order
      kinetics. Thus, the termination of the "life" of an AV by destruction of its
      contents may not depend directly on the "age" of the AV. The average half-life of
      the AVs amounted to approximately 9 min. Similar values were found for the
      different types of AVs, except for those containing glycogen. The half-life of
      these AVs was approximately 18 min. From the half-life values and from the
      "segregated fractions" at time zero, which were different for the different
      cytoplasmic components, rates of removal from the cytoplasm by autophagy were
      calculated. Expressed as "percent per day", the following rates were found: whole
      cytoplasm, 2.3; mitochondria, 3.9; microbodies, 8.9; and glycogen, 1.1. The
      results indicate that autophagy, to some extent, is selective and plays an
      important, but not an exclusive, role in intracellular turnover.

PMID- 670292
TI  - Membrane potentials and resistances of giant mitochondria. Metabolic dependence
      and the effects of valinomycin.
AB  - The membrane potentials and resistances of giant mitochondria from mice fed
      cuprizone have been studied. They were found to correspond approx. 10-20 mV,
      positive inside, and 2 M omega, respectively. These properties were found to be
      independent of the metabolic state. The microelectrodes were in the inner
      mitochondrial space since (a) the potentials in the presence of valinomycin
      depended on the K+ concentration of the medium and magnitude of the K+ diffusion
      potentials was consistent with the presence of a high internal concentration of
      K+, (b) almost identical results were obtained with mitochondria from which the
      external membrane had been removed and the cristae were evaginated, and (c) punch
      through experiments, in which the microelectrodes were advanced until they
      emerged through the other side of the mitochondria, showed an identical membrane
      potential both in the presence and in the absence of valinomycin. The potentials
      were stable under a variety of conditions and showed no sign of decay of membrane
      leakiness. Detailed evidence that the impaled mitochondria are metabolically
      viable will be presented in a separate publication.

PMID- 670293
TI  - Assays of the metabolic viability of single giant mitochondria. Experiments with
      intact and impaled mitochondria.
AB  - Single giant mitochondria isolated from mice fed cuprizone were assayed for their
      metabolic viability. Two tests were devised. One test optically detected the
      accumulation of calcium phosphate within the mitochondria under massive loading
      conditions (including the presence of succinate and ATP). The accumulation
      corresponds to a test of energy coupling from either electron transport or the
      hydrolysis of ATP since it is blocked by either antimycin A or oligomycin. The
      other assay tested for the production of ATP from ADP and Pi, using myofibrils.
      Myofibrils prepared from glycerinated rabbit psoas muscle contract only in the
      presence of ATP and not in the presence of ADP. Myofibrillar contraction is
      unaffected by the presence of antimycin A or oligomycin. However, myofibrils in
      the presence of mitochondria that are phosphorylating ADP to ATP do contract.
      This contraction is blocked by antimycin A and/or oligomycin. Hence, the ATP
      which causes myofibrillar contraction is produced by oxidative phosphorylation.
      At low mitochondrial concentration, only the myofibrils in close proximity with
      mitochondria contract in the presence of ADP. Therefore the assay can be used to
      test the viability of individual mitochondria. Individual giant mitochondria were
      found to be viable, using both of these assays. Comparable results were obtained
      in mitochondria impaled with microelectrodes. The potentials and resistances were
      unaffected by concomitant calcium phosphate accumulation or oxidative
      phosphorylation.

PMID- 670294
TI  - Microtubules in cone myoid elongation in the teleost retina.
AB  - The myoids of retinal cone cells of the blue-striped grunt (Haemulon sciurus)
      undergo significant elongation during dark adaptation of the retina.
      Longitudinally oriented microtubules are present in myoids both before and after
      elongation. Injection of colchicine into the vitreous of the eye in vivo disrupts
      the microtubules in the myoids and prevents dark-adaptive myoid elongation.
      Counts of microtubules in transverse sections along the lengths of elongating
      myoids show that there is a uniform decrease in the number of microtubules at any
      one point along the myoid as the myoid elongates. The magnitude of the decrease
      is proportional to the extent of the elogation. The product of the mean myoid
      microtubule number (determined from counts at progressive intervals along the
      myoid) and the myoid length remains essentially constant during myoid elongation,
      indicating that the total quantity of microtubules in the myoid does not increase
      with elogation. Serial section tracings of the microtubules along the myoids
      suggest that individual microtubules do not extend the length of the myoid and
      that the myoid microtubular apparatus consists of bundles of overlapping shorter
      microtubules. We propose that elongation of the myoid is accompanied by sliding
      redistribution of microtubules along the length of the myoid, and that the
      sliding may be generated by interaction between microtubules in regions where
      they closely overlap in bundles. We find no evidence for the involvement of
      discrete, electron-dense microtubular organizing centers in myoid elogation.

PMID- 670295
TI  - Acetylcholinesterase in the fast extraocular muscle of the mouse by light and
      electron microscope autoradiography.
AB  - The distribution of acetylcholinesterase (ACHe) in the twitch fibers of the
      extraocular muscles of the mouse was examined by light and electron microscope
      autoradiography after labeling with radioactive diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP)
      with, and without, 2-pyridine aldoxime methiodide (2-PAM) reactivation. The
      values obtained were compared with those previously reported for the diaphragm
      and sternomastoid muscles. The extraocular muscles were studied because they
      differ from the other two muscles in that they are among the fastest of the
      mammalian muscles, yet their endplates have sparse junctional folds. They could
      thus provide information on the extent to which ACHe concentration is an
      invariant feature of endplate morphology and what, if any aspects may be related
      to their fast speed of response. We found, using light microscope
      autoradiography, that in the twitch fibers of the extraocular muscle, there is n 
      average of 6.4 +/- 2.1 X 10(7) DFP-binding sites per endplate, of which 29% (1.8
      X 10(7)) are reactivated by 2-PAM and are thus AChe. The morphology of the
      extraocular endplates allowed us to conclude, on statistical grounds, that the
      AChe site are probably localized not only along the surface area of the
      postjunctional membrane (PJM) but also along the surface of the presynaptic
      axonal membrane. Based on this localization, we calculate 7,800 DFP sites and
      2,500 2-PAM-reactivated sites/micron 2 of surface area of pre-and postjunctional
      membrane. This stacking density of DFP-binding sites per surface area of membrane
      ( probably in the overlying sheets of basal lamina) is very similar to that in
      the diaphragm and sternomastoid muscles.

PMID- 670296
TI  - Form of the postsynaptic density. A serial section study.
AB  - Through the use of serial sectioning of dog cerebral cortex tissue, holes or
      perforations could be revealed in the larger postsynaptic densities (PSDs), in
      confirmation of the earlier work of Peters and Kaisermann-Abramof (1969. Z.
      Zellforsch. Mikrosk. Anat. 100:487-506). These holes appeared in serial sections
      which happened to be cut both parallel and normal to the plane of the synaptic
      junction. Cleft material was absent in that part of the synaptic cleft opposite
      this hole. Somestimes the presynaptic membrane opposite the hole was indented
      into the presynaptic cell. In addition, most of the synaptic vesicles in the
      presynaptic cell close to the membrane were clustered at that part of the
      membrane opposite the edge of the density disk. The meaning of the hole and of
      the other features mentioned above for the function of the density is not known
      at present.

PMID- 670297
TI  - In vitro polymerization of microtubules from HeLa cells.
AB  - Although the purification of microtubules from brain by alternate cycles of
      polymerization and depolymerization in vitro has become routine, the application
      of this method to non-neural cultured cells has been less successful. Previous
      investigations have suggested that it was necessary to use substrate-grown cells
      and 4 M glycerol to obtain microtubules from cultured cells. We have developed a
      method for preparing microtubules from HeLa cells in spinner cultures without the
      use of glycerol. Microtubules can be readily carried through two complete cycles
      of polymerization at 37 degrees C and depolymerization at 4 degrees C in vitro.
      The microtubules obtained are morphologically similar to brain microtubules in
      electron micrographs, and the tubulin subunits have mobilities similar to those
      of brain tubulins on polyacrylamide gels. Typical yields in the second
      polymerization pellet are about 1 mg protein/ml of packed cells or 2.5-3.0% of
      the total protein in the soluble cell extract. The major nontubulin protein
      present after two cycles of polymerization and depolymerization has an apparent
      mol wt of 68,000 daltons. If glycerol is used during polymerization, this band is
      virtually absent.

PMID- 670298
TI  - Cell-to-cell communication and ovulation. A study of the cumulus-oocyte complex.
AB  - Cell-to-cell communication was characterized in cumulus-oocyte complexes from rat
      ovarian follicles before and after ovulation. Numerous, small gap junctional
      contacts were present between cumulus cells and oocytes before ovulation. The gap
      junction are formed on the oocyte surface by cumulus cell processes that
      transverse the zona pellucida and contact the oolemma. The entire cumulus mass
      was also connected by gap junctions via cumulus-cumulus interactions. In the
      hours preceding ovulation, the frequency of gap junctional contacts between
      cumulus cells and the oocyte was reduced, and the cumulus was disorganized.
      Electrophysiological measurements indicated that bidirectional ionic coupling was
      present between the cumulus and oocyte before ovulation. In addition,
      iontophoretically injected fluorescein dye was tranferred between the oocyte and
      cumulus cells. Examination of the extent of ionic coupling in cumulus-oocyte
      specimens before and after ovulation revealed that ionic coupling between the
      cumulus and oocyte progressively decreased as the time of ovulation approached.
      In postovulatory specimens, no coupling was detected. Although some proteolytic
      mechanism may be involved in the disintegration of the cumulus-oocyte complex,
      neither the cumulus cells nor the oocyte produced detectable levels of
      plasminogen activator, a protease which is synthesized by membrana granulosa
      cells. In summary, cell communication is a characterisitc feature of the cumulus
      oocyte complex, and this communication is terminated near the time of ovulation.
      This temporal pattern of the termination of communication between the cumulus and
      the oocyte may indicate that communication provides a mechanism for regulating
      the maturation of the oocyte during follicular development before ovulation.

PMID- 670299
TI  - The effect of protein degradation on cellular growth characteristics.
AB  - The role of protein degradation in cellular proliferation was investigated by
      measurements of the rates of degradation of labile and stable proteins for a
      number of cell types under various growth conditions. The rate of protein
      degradation was found to be a relatively invariant parameter in that it did not
      change after strong inhibition of protein synthesis with cychloheximide or
      histidinol, it was the same in both exponential and stationary phase, and it did
      not correlate with the presence or absence of malignant transformation. Using
      three different cell types with widely differing division rates, the rate of cell
      division and DNA synthesis (in %/hr) was found to be precisely equal to the rate
      of protein accumulation (in %/hr) , i.e., to the rate of protein synthesis minus
      the rate of protein degradation. Division rates between the different cell types
      appeared to be determined chiefly by the rate of protein synthesis though,
      especially at low division rates, the rate of protein degradation could represent
      a large component of the protein accumulation rate.

PMID- 670300
TI  - The isolation of a low molecular weight serum factor which enhances the viability
      of SV3T3 cells.
AB  - A serum factor which enhances the growth/viability of SV40 transformed 3T3 mouse
      fibroblasts, but not untransformed 3T3 cells in tissue culture has been partially
      purified from calf serum. The purification, which involves acidification to pH 2,
      chromatography on Sephadex G-100 at pH 2 followed by either Sephadex G-25 or
      BioGel P-2, results in material exhibiting two ninhydrin positive spots on thin
      layer chromatography and five to six dansylatable bands on SDS gels. This
      substance, termed Peak III or Serum Factor III, has been found in every serum
      examined thus far (including calf, rat, mouse, goat, lamb, rabbit, pig, horse,
      and chicken) and appears to be a low molecular weight, heat-insensitive molecule.
      Attempts to characterize it by chemical analyses and specific enzymatic
      inactivation have been either negative or inconclusive. Its biological mode of
      action is presently obscure. While it does not effect DNA synthesis, it does
      greatly increase the viability of SV3T3 cultures growing in low serum (0.15-0.30%
      calf serum) medium and, when added to "stationary phase" cells, restores healthy
      proliferation. This and evidence reported by others suggest that Peak III may
      affect SV3T3 cells in either overcoming a potentially lethal block in G1 or in
      passage through G2/M.

PMID- 670301
TI  - Binding and internalization of 125I thrombin in chick embryo fibroblasts:
      possible role in mitogenesis.
AB  - Human alpha thrombin acts as a mitogen for cultures of resting chick embryo
      fibroblasts (CEF) in serum free medium. The use of 125I-labeled thrombin shows
      that thrombin specifically binds to CEF and that after a lag of approximately 30
      to 60 minutes it can not be removed by subsequent exposure to trypsin. The entry
      of 125I thrombin into the trypsin-insensitive domain is not inhibited to any
      great extent by excess unlabelled thrombin. The cell-associated thrombin retains
      its native molecular weight and its catalytic activity toward synthetic amide
      substrates. It appears to be located in the crude nuclear fraction of homogenized
      CEF cells. The association of thrombin with CEF is specific, since the non
      mitogenic serine protease chymotrypsin is internalized to a much lesser extent
      than thrombin. The data are discussed in terms of a possible intracellular site
      for thrombin's mitogenic action.

PMID- 670302
TI  - Transport and accumulation of purine bases by Crithidia fasciculata.
AB  - The capacity for the rapid transport of purine bases by Crithidia fasciulata is
      found only in cells starved for purines. Cells grown in complete medium transport
      poorly. Rapid transport capability appears and then disappears during growth of
      purine-depleted cultures. This rapid transport appears to occur by a process of
      mediated diffusion. Two mechanisms are involved, one of low velocity and high
      affinity, the other of high velocity and low affinity. Accumulation of the bases
      within the cell occurs by their rapid conversion to ribonucleotides by
      phosphoribosyltransferases.

PMID- 670303
TI  - Deoxyglucose and 3-O-methylglucose transport in untreated and ATP-depleted
      Novikoff rat hepatoma cells. Analysis by a rapid kinetic technique, relationship
      to phosphorylation and effects of inhibitors.
AB  - Detailed time courses of uptake of labeled 3-O-methyl-D-glucose and 2-deoxy-D
      glycose by untreated and ATP-depleted Novikoff rat hepatoma cells were determined
      as function of concentration (0.2-10 mM) by a rapid mixing/sampling technique
      which allows uptake measurements in time intervals as short as 1.5 seconds.
      Intracellular accumulation of 3-O-methylglucose in untreated and ATP-depleted
      cells and of deoxyglucose in ATP-depleted cells to equilibrium followed pseudo
      first order kinetics and initial velocities were computed from overall time
      courses of substrate accumulation. Initial velocity was a Michaelis-Menten
      function of exogenous substrate concentration. The estimated kinetic constants
      for zero-trans transport of 3-O-methylglucose were about the same for untreated
      and ATP-depleted cells (Kztm = 1.73 +/- 0.24 mM; Vztmax = 28.8 +/- 3.6
      pmoles/microliter cell H2O. sec) and were similar to those for deoxyglucose
      transport in ATP-depleted cells (Kztm = 0.65 +/- 0.1 mM; Vztmax = 19.6 +/- 1.6
      pmoles/microliter cell H2O. sec). Similar kinetic parameters were obtained for
      the transport of D-glucose and D-galactose in ATP-depleted cells. The transport
      of 3-O-methylglucose and deoxyglucose  were inhibited by each other in a simple
      competitive manner with apparent Ki's similar to their transport Km's. In
      untreated cells, in which deoxyglucose was phosphorylated, intracellular steady
      state levels of free deoxyglucose accumulated within 10 to 20 seconds of
      incubation regardless of its concentration in the medium. Thereafter, the rate of
      deoxyglucose incorporation into total cell material reflected the rate of
      phosphorylation rather than the transport rate. The rate of deoxyglucose
      transport exceeded the initial rate of its phosphorylation by 20-40 %. The
      intracellular steady-state-levels observed during the first 2 minutes of
      incubation decreased from about 40% of equilibrium level at 0.2 mM deoxyglucose
      to about 8% at 10 mM. Computer fits of a kinetic equation describing transport
      and phosphorylation as independent processes operating in tandem to these data
      are consistent with the observed kinetic constants for hexose transport and
      hexokinase activity with deoxyglucose as substrate. Upon longer incubation (2-10
      minutes) the rate of deoxyglucose uptake by the phosphorylating cells decreased
      progressively, concomitant with a decrease in intracellular ATP and an increase
      in intracellular deoxyglucose to equilibrium levels. It is demonstrated that the
      rate of deoxyglucose uptake, measured at two or more minutes, seriously
      underestimates the hexose transport rate and yields misleading conclusions
      regarding the extent and type of inhibition by transport inhibitors, such as
      persantin or cytochalasin B. Persantin inhibited hexose transport in a simple non
      competitive manner (Ki = 20 muM) indicating that the drug affects the function of
      the hexose carrier.

PMID- 670304
TI  - Localization of pyruvate kinase isozymes in bovine kidney and comparison of these
      patterns with those of lactate dehydrogenases and aldolases.
AB  - Electrophoretic and immunofluorescence analysis were used to study the
      distribution of pyruvate kinase isozymes in the bovine kidney. Electrophoretic
      analysis demonstrated the presence of large amounts of K4 plus small amounts of K
      M hybrids in cortical, medullary, and papillary sections cut from the kidney.
      Nearly all of the K-L hybrids seen in whole kidney extracts were found in
      cortical sections. Immunofluorescence of frozen sections revealed the presence of
      type L subunits in the tubules but the complete absence of this subunit type in
      flomeruli. Glomeruli do contain large quantities of pyruvate kinase isozymes,
      probably K4 and K-M hybrids, that cross-react with antibodies produced against
      type M pyruvate kinase. Type L-containing forms of pyruvate kinase and aldolase
      type B both appear to be found in cell types thought to be capable of catalyzing
      of gluconeogenesis, while type K pyruvate kinase and type A aldolase are found in
      predominantly glycolytic cell types of the kidney. Lactate dehydrogenase isozymic
      patterns appear to be less closely correlated with glycolytic versus
      gluconeogenic functions of the kidney but may be determined more directly by
      other metabolic functions.

PMID- 670305
TI  - Factors influencing endothelial cell proliferation in vitro.
AB  - The relative roles of blood cell products and plasma factors on endothelial cell
      proliferation were evaluated by studying the proliferative response of human
      umbilical vein endothelial cells to cell free plasma derived serum (CFPDS), whole
      blood serum (WBS), platelet released factors, fibroblast growth factor and
      macrophage conditioned medium in vitro. Human adult arterial smooth muscle cells
      were treated in a similar manner for comparison. The rate of endothelial cell
      proliferation was directly related to the concentrations of both WBS and CFPDS.
      Grwoth rate in WBS was marginally greater than that observed in CFPDS during
      early culture, however, similar confluent densities were achieved. The addition
      of platelet released factors to CFPDS did not further stimulate endothelial cell
      proliferation. In contrast smooth muscle cells were quiescent in CFPDS despite
      increasing serum concentrations, but proliferated actively in response to
      platelet released factors. Both human macrophage conditioned medium and
      fibroblast growth factor increased endothelial cell proliferation significantly
      when compared with CFPDS alone. It is concluded that endothelial cell
      proliferation in preconfluent cultures is dependent on plasma factors while human
      vascular smooth muscle cells also require cell derived mitogens such as platelet
      growth factor to proliferate. The release of a substance by human macrophages
      mitogenic for endothelial cells may be involved in endothelial cell proliferation
      in vivo.

PMID- 670306
TI  - The modulation of the induction of ornithine decarboxylase by spermine,
      spermidine and diamines.

PMID- 670307
TI  - DNA replication in human lymphocytes during aging.
AB  - An analysis of the accuracy of protein and DNA synthesis in human lymphocytes
      with respect to aging has been carried out. The response of human peripheral
      lymphocytes, from young and old adults, to phytohemagglutinin was measured at
      varying temperatures. This should provide a sensitive test for the accumulation
      of altered thermolabile proteins that are rate limiting in the response to
      phytohemagglutinin. At 37 degrees C the rate of thymidine incorporation as well
      as the induction of DNA polymerase in phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes
      from old and young adults were similar. Also at elevated temperatures, the
      thermosensitivity of DNA replication in lymphocytes from young and old adults was
      the same. DNA polymerase was purified from PHA-stimulated lymphocytes from young
      and old adults. The fidelity of DNA synthesis using poly (dC) as a template was
      similar with both enzymes. However, DNA polymerase-alpha purified from old adults
      was thermolabile compared to the enzyme from young adults. Thus, while the
      lymphocytes from old individuals may have heat labile proteins, they do not limit
      their proliferative capacity.

PMID- 670308
TI  - The role of myonuclei in muscle regeneration: an in vitro study.
AB  - It is well established that during muscle regeneration, the satellite cells which
      are in a state of mitotic arrest, can initiate cell division to produce myoblasts
      which subsequently fuse to form myotubes. However, whether myonuclei, contained
      within damaged myotubes, or "freed" as a result of the trauma, play any role in
      muscle regeneration remains unresolved. In myogenic cultures, it is possible to
      obtain renewed myogenesis when initial cultures are sub-cultured. The aim of this
      study, was to obtain evidence of the participation by myonuclei of primary
      cultures in myogenesis which occurs subsequently in secondary cultures. In
      culture, myonuclei can be labelled with H3-thymidine and their ultimate fate,
      either as "free" myonuclei or myonuclei associated with disrupted myotubes can be
      followed unequivocally. Three types of experiments are performed: (i) Primary
      myogenic cultures containing only myotubes are subcultured. (ii) Primary myogenic
      cultures containing myotubes with labelled myonuclei are disrupted and
      subcultured. (iii) Primary myogenic cultures containing myotubes with unlabelled
      myonuclei are mixed with labelled mononucleated myogenic cells and sub-cultured.
      In all instances no evidence of myogenesis from myonuclei is obtained. It is
      concluded that myonuclei, which were rendered postmitotic during myogenesis,
      remain so when muscle is disrupted and cannot re-enter the mitotic cycle.

PMID- 670309
TI  - Lack of a correlation between polyamine synthesis and DNA synthesis by cultured
      rat liver cells and fibroblasts.
AB  - Growth stimulation of either fetal rat liver cells or rat embryo fibroblasts in
      culture results in considerable increases in intracellular polyamine levels as
      cells proceed through the cell cycle. Treatment of such cell cultures with
      appropriate levels of two inhibitors of polyamine synthesis, namely alpha
      hydrazino ornithine and methylglyoxal bis (guanylhydrazone), can essentially
      completely block these increases in cellular polyamine content. Under such
      conditions, where the elevation in intracellular polyamine content is prevented,
      cell cultures are nevertheless able to initiate DNA synthesis and subsequently
      synthesize DNA at rates comparable to untreated control cultures that have been
      growth-stimulated. These two cell types therefore contain sufficient polyamines
      when in a resting state (G1) to enable them to enter from G1 into S phase and
      traverse S phase at normal rates in the absense of further polyamine synthesis.
      The recruitment of cells into the first cell cycle, through serum stimulation of
      growth, therefore appears not to be mediated or regulated by the increases in
      intracellular levels of polyamines that occurs under these conditions.
      Conversely, the arrest of growth of these cell types resulting from serum
      deprivation is not mediated by a limitation of intracellular polyamine content.

PMID- 670310
TI  - Membrane bound and cellular cationic changes associated with insulin stimulation
      of cultured cells.
AB  - Insulin was employed as a stimulant in our continuing investigations of the
      molecular mechanisms involved in the coordinate control of cellular metabolism
      and growth. Incubation of chicken embryo fibroblasts for 16 hours in media
      containing 0-0.1 U insulin/ml resulted in a 17-fold increase in the rate of 3H
      thymidine incorporation into DNA. Concomitantly, there were graded increases in
      intracellular K+ (14%) AND Mg2+ (22%) and no significant change in Ca2+. These
      changes in cation content occurred within 10 to 30 minutes and preceded the
      changes in 3H-thymidine incorporation. Insulin produced a consistent graded
      decrease in externally bound Mg2+ and Ca2+ and a concomitant increase in bound
      Na+ and K+ with no significant change in the rates of K+ and Mg2+ efflux. The
      results are consistent with the concept of Mg2+ as a second messenger for insulin
      action, as well as with the more general hypothesis that Mg2+ is the centtral
      agent in the coordinate control of metabolism and growth in animal cells.

PMID- 670311
TI  - A human serum protein system affecting muscle contractility: characterization of
      the five components and their reaction sequence.
AB  - A human serum protein system that affects muscle contractility, previously
      reported to be a calcium transport system (CTS), was fractionated into five
      protein components, A, B1, Bfi, B3 and C. The system was assayed on frog heart
      muscle in vitro by its capacity to increase contractile force and at high
      concentrations to cause contracture. With separated fractions, the reaction
      sequence was divided into three separate steps: B1 and B3 interacted with the
      heart in the first step, B2 and B3 in the second, and A and C in the third.
      Increased contractility occurred only after the third step. Partial purification,
      with preservation of biological activity, was achieved for B1, B2, A and C. B1
      has a M.W. of about 170,000, as determined by its elution from Sephadex G-200.
      B2, a labile protein of M.W. 220,000, was one of the few serum proteins
      precipitated by M.W. 5000,000 dextran sulfate at pH 8.0. This was the basis for
      the preparation of highly purified B2, which was used to produce rabbit anti-B2
      antibody. Experiments with this antibody proved that B2 became bound to the heart
      surface. CTS-A, the smallest protein of the system, had a M.W. of approximately
      130,000. The M.W. of C was over 300,000. Purified C antigen induced rabbit
      antibody that inhibited the action of C without affecting the other components.

PMID- 670312
TI  - Erythrocyte membrane antigen expression during Friend cell differentiation:
      analysis of two non-inducible variants.

PMID- 670313
TI  - Glucose and amino acid metabolism in an established line of skeletal muscle
      cells.

PMID- 670314
TI  - Diffusible factor(s) controlling density inhibition of 3T3 cell growth: a new
      approach.
AB  - In 3T3 Swiss mouse fibroblasts, incorporation of phosphate into cells and
      phosphorylation of small organic compounds were increased by shaking dense
      cultures. This response was not obtained with SV40 transformed Swiss 3T3 cells
      (SV-3T3). It appeared likely that these results could be accounted for by an
      inhibitor released from 3T3 cells but not from SV-3T3 cells. Our new method of co
      incubation of sparse and dense cultures allowed us to demonstrate inhibition of
      growth and phosphate metabolism in sparse 3T3 cultures which were shaken in the
      presence of dense cultures. The inhibition was much less when the cultures were
      co-cultivated but not shaken. The inhibition of phosphate incorporation in acid
      soluble and acid-insoluble fractions of sparse cultures was observed as early as
      20 minutes of co-incubation in the presence of dense cultures, so this inhibition
      is not the result of depletion of growth factors in the medium. Our experiments
      suggest that an inhibitor(s) was released from dense cultures of 3T3 cells.

PMID- 670315
TI  - Analysis of the penetrable space within the nucleus.
AB  - Radioactive glycogen molecules have been used as passive probes to compare cavity
      systems within nuclei and isolated chromatin. Isolated chromatin was found to
      possess a narrow range of microspaces with mean effective diameters between 4.0
      and 4.5 nm (40 and 45 A) depending on shape assumptions. Intact nuclei contained
      a far larger class of free spaces with average diameters in the order of 11.0
      15.0 nm. This clearly shows that DNase-I (diam. 4.1 nm) can penetrate and occupy
      a large proportion of nuclear space even though this enzyme does not readily
      attack the undisturbed nuclear structure. A structure which simulated the pattern
      of penetrability and incorporated other known properties of chromatin was used to
      explain this DNase-I resistance of intact nuclei in terms of an ordered, compact,
      local structure interspersed by much larger spaces. A system for this local
      packing is suggested and the functional implications of this type of organization
      considered.

PMID- 670316
TI  - Follicle cell bridges in the mosquito ovary: syncytia formation and bridge
      morphology.
AB  - In the mosquito, Culex pipiens quinqefasciatus, the follicle cells enveloping the
      oocyte and the nurse cells are connected by intercellular bridges. The bridges
      are formed by incomplete cytokinesis, and they persist for more than 30 h after
      their formation. Reconstructions from serial sections showed that one syncytial
      group contained at least 32 cells; several cells continued outside the series.
      The cells in a syncytium divide asynchronously; this results in an irregular,
      branched orgainzation. The bridges may be either embedded in the cytoplasm of the
      cells, or they may form an extracellular connexion.

PMID- 670317
TI  - The blood/germ cell barrier in male Schistocerca gregaria: the time of its
      establishment and factors affecting its formation.
AB  - Tracer studies carried out on the testes of the insect Schistocerca gregaria
      demonstrate a blood/germ cell barrier which is established prior to the onset of
      meiosis in the 3rd instar. Ecdysterone treatment in vitro prematurely stimulates
      the formation of the barrier in the testicular follicles of 2nd instar hoppers;
      this effect is antagonized by juvenile hormone. The follicles may be a store for
      the barrier-stimulating factor because testis extract also induces premature
      production of the barrier.

PMID- 670318
TI  - Studies of the endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane-bound ribosomes in
      erythropoietic cells.
AB  - Erythropoietic cells of 5 species, including man, contain endoplasmic reticulum
      present as individual cisternae or tubules scattered throughout the cytoplasm of
      all stages except mature RBCs. The endoplasmic reticulum is mainly agranular but
      occurs frequently as a variant of granular ER which is characterized by an
      asymmetrical and irregular distribution of ribosomes along one cytoplasmic face.
      In most cells, the endoplasmic reticulum occurs in close proximity to
      mitochondria or the plasma membrane , suggesting that the organelle may be
      involved in functions related to these structures, e.g. haem biosynthesis.
      Endoplasmic reticulum is more abundant in early than in late erythroid cells. Its
      exact role in RBC development is unclear. Since endoplasmic reticulum could
      account for 'plasma membrane-bound ribosomes' reported in lysed reticulocytes,
      studies were performed which ruled out this possibility and which suggested that
      such ribosomes were an artifact of the lysing conditions. Hypotonic lysis in less
      than 20 vol. of magnesium-containing buffers yielded ghosts variably contaminated
      by ribosomes and other structures. Lysis of reticulocytes in 20-30 vol. of
      magnesium-free buffer or homogenization of whole cells or crude membrane
      fractions in hypotonic buffer removed virtually all contaminating ribosomes from
      the purified membrane fraction.

PMID- 670319
TI  - Sulphate metabolism in the exocrine pancreas. II. The production of sulphated
      macromolecules by the mouse exocrine pancreas.
AB  - The types of sulphated macromolecules produced by the exocrine pancrease were
      investigated. To determine whether this tissue utilized inorganic sulphate for
      protein production, the in-vitro behaviour of material labelled with 35S-sulphate
      was compared with material labelled with [3H]leucine (secretory proteins). While
      incubating tissue slices in the presence of cycloheximide resulted in an
      immediate and nearly complete inhibition of protein synthesis, a similar decrease
      in production of sulphated material was not observed until after 2 h of
      incubation in the presence of the drug. Likewise, the kinetics of pilocarpine
      induced discharge of radioactive material from pancreatic slices pulse-labelled
      with either 3H-Leu. or 35S-sulphate was compared. During the first 90 min of
      stimulation sulphated macromolecules were detected in chase medium 10-15 min
      prior to the appearance of 3H-labelled secretory proteins. That in-vitro
      behaviour of sulphated material differed from radioleucine-labelled material is
      indicative of the fact that the pancreas utilizes inorganic sulphate for the
      production of macromolecules other than secretory proteins. Lipid and
      proteoglycan fractions were prepared from pancreatic tissue 4 h after
      intraperitoneal injection of radiosulphate. The recovery of a significant amount
      of radioactivity in both fractions deomonstrated the ability of the pancreas to
      use inorganic sulphate for the production of both sulphated lipids and sulphated
      proteoglycans. The possible function of sulphated macromolecules in pancreatic
      secretion is discussed.

PMID- 670320
TI  - Osmoregulation in the alga Vacuolaria virescens. Structure of the contractile
      vacuole and the nature of its association with the Golgi apparatus.
AB  - The contractile vacuole of the chloromonadophycean alga Vacuolaria virescens is a
      permanent structure that possesses a specialized membrane: subunits of this
      membrane have a diameter of 21-24 nm and in places are arranged in a regular
      hexagonal pattern. The lateral walls of these subunits form regularly spaced
      bristles or pegs which extend inwards from the trilaminar membrane for a distance
      of 13-15 nm. The contractile vacuole is situated immediately above an extensive
      Golgi apparatus that covers most of the anterior surface of the nucleus. Vesicles
      of Golgi origin give rise to subsidiary vacuoles which in turn empty into the
      contractile vacuole. Golgi vesicles, subsidiary vacuoles and the contractile
      vacuole contain similar electron-dense material. It is suggested that this
      material might be a highly hydrophilic substance which will attract water from
      the cytoplasm into the Golgi vesicles, subsidiary vacuoles and contractile
      vacuole from whence it is discharged from the cell. This method of osmoregulation
      is compared to that occurring in other algae and protozoa.

PMID- 670321
TI  - Effect of ultraviolet or laser light irradiation on the growth of Micrasterias
      thomasiana.
AB  - The effect of ultraviolet on laser light on growth of lobes in a green alga,
      Micrasterias thomasiana was investigated. During plasmolysis, the cell wall and
      the outermost region of the cytoplasm were separately irradiated with an
      ultraviolet or laser microbeam. Growth of the lobes was more effectively
      inhibited by irradiation of the cytoplasm than of the cell wall when the dose of
      irradiation was weak. Growth inhibition was observed in the irradiated cytoplasm
      where no apparent decrease in velocity of plasma streaming was seen, which
      suggested that irradiation caused more damage to the mechanism of exocytosis than
      to the migration of secretion vesicles. Strong irradiation resulted in
      gelatinization of the cytoplasm. With strong doses of irradiation on both the
      cytoplasm and cell wall, growth was completely inhibited.

PMID- 670322
TI  - Translational movements of macrophages through media of different viscosities.
AB  - The extent of the migration of guinea-pig peritoneal macrophages from capillary
      tubes over the surfaces of plastic Petri dishes, was quantitated by planimetry.
      It was observed that the amount of migration decreased as the viscosity of the
      medium was increased by the addition of agarose. An essential component of
      translational movement is the formation of adhesions between cells and their
      substrata. It is suggested on the basis of the present migration and adhesion
      experiments, that the increased viscosity reduces migration by retarding the
      formation of adhesions between the cells and their substrata. The experiments do
      not support the suggestion that agarose adsorbed to the dish surface affects the
      adhesion-dependent arm of migration or that viscous 'drag' on whole cells (over
      the viscosity range of 0.71 to 3.9 x 10(-3) N s m-2) reduces their movements.

PMID- 670323
TI  - Genetic aspects of intracellular motility: cortical localization and insertion of
      trichocysts in Paramecium tetraurelia.
AB  - Wild-type and selected mutants of Paramecium tetraurelia were subjected to
      detailed analysis of the trichocyst phenotype. The characteristics of morphology,
      saltatory motility, and cortical insertion of trichocysts were found to be
      genetically distinguishable. In mutants with defective trichocyst saltatory
      motility, other intracellular motility systems (i.e. mitochondrial saltatory
      motility, and cyclosis) appeared to be unaffected. Saltatory motility appears to
      be an essential intermediate step in the functional development of the
      trichocyst, since it serves to transport the trichocyst from its site of
      assembly, deep in the cytoplasm, to the cortex, where it is inserted and becomes
      discharge-competent. If trichocyst saltatory motility is lost, as in the mutants
      ndA and tam8, then trichocysts are not transported to the cortex and are
      therefore not inserted. However, the successful transport of a trichocyst to the
      cortex does not guarantee the proper insertion of that trichocyst, as in the case
      of the mutant am. Apparently there are independent steps involved specifically
      with trichocyst insertion. The gross morphology of the trichocyst appears to be
      independent of its saltatory motility, and to a degree, independent of cortical
      insertion.

PMID- 670324
TI  - Cell interactions in the developing somite; in vivo comparisons between amputated
      (AM/AM) and normal mouse embryos.
AB  - Light and electron microscopy coupled to a quantitative analysis form a powerful
      technique for the analysis of cell behaviour in mutant and normal tissues. Using
      this approach the morphology of the cells and their contacts are examined in the
      somites of a recessive mouse mutant, amputated, and of its normal littermates.
      The results of the analysis show that cell density is the same in both mutant and
      normal sclertome but that mutant cells tend to form small clumps whereas normal
      cells disperse individually. There is a correspondingly greater area of cell
      contact per cell in the mutant. Filopodia are equally numerous in the mutant and
      normal but where in the normal they stretch across wide intercellular spaces to
      make contact at their tips with other cells, in the mutant they form a tangled
      web sticking back on to the surface of the cell of origin and adjacent cells. The
      appearance of mutant and normal sclerotome is compared with presomitic cells and
      with the cells of other mutants whose abnormal development has been shown to
      depend on cell contact morphology and behaviour.

PMID- 670325
TI  - Cell movement and the mechanism of invasiveness: a survey of the behaviour of
      some normal and malignant cells implanted into the developing chick wing bud.
AB  - A survey of the behaviour of a variety of normal and malignant tumours and cells
      has been carried out to gain insights into the mechanisms of tumour invasiveness.
      The tumours and cells were implanted into the developing chick wing bud, which is
      a loose mesenchyme bounded by ectoderm. The distribution of the grafted cells was
      examined histologically after one or two days. The special feature of this assay
      is that the behaviour of cells is tested in a 3-dimensional tissue. Cells from 3
      different carcinomas, mouse lung tumour, rat bladder tumour and human breast
      tumour did not invade the mesenchyme, whereas trophoblast, sarcoma 180, cultured
      hamster fibroblasts (BHK, PyBHK, Nil 8, HSV Nil 8) and neuroblastoma cells did.
      Cells from embryonic pigmented retina and heart ventricle were non-invasive.
      These results suggest that cell movement may not be a common feature of all
      invasive tumours. The cells that did move into the mesenchyme appeared to do so
      by various mechanisms. Lack of contact inhibition of movement, although probably
      involved in the invasiveness of sarcoma 180 cells, does not appear to be
      necessary for invasion: cells that have been shown to exhibit contact inhibition
      of movement (BHK and PyBHK) also invade. Both normal and transformed cells (BHK
      and PyBHK; Nil 8 and HSV Nil 8) moved into the mesenchyme. Other invading cells,
      such as trophoblast, neuroblastoma and to a small extent, HSV Nil 8 cells,
      destroy the adjacent host tissue and this may be important in the invasiveness of
      these cells. The patterns of invasion and interactions with the host tissue were
      varied. Trophoblast and the fibroblasts were often elongated along the basement
      membrane at the ectoderm/mesenchyme border and also closely apposed to the
      endothelial linings of blood vessels. Sarcoma 180 and neuroblastoma cells
      clustered around nerves. The embryonic tissues and neuroblastoma cells were often
      associated with blood vessels. These results are discussed in relation to tumour
      invasion. A striking finding was that the carcinoma cells were frequently found
      positioned within the wing ectoderm on the basement membrane. This affinity of
      carcinoma cells for the epithelium rather than the mesenchyme leads to a
      reappraisal of the mechanisms involved in the invasiveness of carcinomas.

PMID- 670326
TI  - Ruthenium red-positive surface layer, extracellular filamentous material and
      intercellular junctions in hybrids between tumour and normal cells: abundant gap
      junctions correlate with density-dependent inhibition of growth.
AB  - The cell surface and intercellular junctions of transformed and non-transformed
      hybrid cells, obtained from fusion of murine mammary adenocarcinoma cells (TA3B)
      and normal rat embryofibroblasts (REF), were compared with those of the parental
      cells, using ruthenium red (RR) staining of cells fixed in situ. An RR-positive
      layer of variable thickness was found on the surface of all cell types.
      Measurements of the thickness of this layer on the free surface of the cell
      cultures deomonstrated a significant difference between transformed and non
      transformed cells. The thickness distribution of the RR layer was similar on the
      surface of REF and non-transformed hybrid cells, but there was significant
      variation among all the transformed cell lines. Extracellular filamentous RR
      positive material, usually in direct contact with the cell surface, was present
      in confluent cultures of REF and non-transformed hybrid cells, but was absent in
      the transformed cell lines. Gap junctions were few in both parental cell lines
      and rare or absent in transformed hybrids; a large increase in number and size of
      gap junctions was found in non-transformed hybrids. Abundance of long gap
      junctions was correlated with density-dependent inhibition of growth, since non
      transformed hybrids grew in single layers whereas both normal and tumour parental
      cell types, and transformed hybrids grew in multilayers. Tight junctions were
      frequently encountered in TA3B and transformed hybrid cells but were not seen in
      REF cells and only occasionally seen in non-transformed hybrids. Intermediate
      type junctions occurred in all cells, but desmosomes were found only rarely in
      TA3B cells and never in the other cell types.

PMID- 670327
TI  - Cellular actin and junction formation during reaggregation of adult rat
      hepatocytes into epithelial cell sheets.
AB  - Aggregation of adult rat hepatocytes, isolated by the collagenase perfusion
      technique, was studied by ultrastructural methods and the indirect
      immunofluorescence technique using anti-actin antibodies. In a primary culture
      the cells rapidly made contact with each other by filopodia-like structures, as
      seen by scanning electron microscopy. In a few hours this led to stable adhesion
      of the cells. No identifiable junction formation occurred during the first 17 h
      in culture. Within 48 h the cells had formed epithelial cell sheets with
      junctional complexes consisting of tight junctions, bile canaliculus-like
      structures and zonula adhaerens-type junctions. The distribution of cytoplasmic
      actin fluorescence remained homogenous in the contacting cells during the first
      24 h in culture, as seen with anti-actin antibodies by the indirect
      immunofluorescence technique. The first short, fluorescent actin filaments
      appeared in the periphery of the developing lamellipodia of the spreading cell
      islands. In organized epithelial cell sheets these filaments were seen as long
      fibres ending at the perinuclear region of the marginal cells. In the submarginal
      cells fluorescent actin fibres were distinct at the junctional regions of the
      cells. This filamentous fluorescence seemed to extend throughout the entire cell
      sheet in an organized manner and correspond to the apical layer of parallel
      microfilaments seen in transmission electron microscopy. Our results suggest that
      filamentous actin plays a role in the contact-induced spreading of the cells and
      in the maintenance of the internal organization of the epithelial cell sheets.

PMID- 670328
TI  - Modulation of the effect of colchicine and cytochalasin B on fibroblast
      aggregates by the substratum.
AB  - In previous investigations, we have shown that aggregates of normal human
      fibroblasts displayed a remarkable number of morphogenetic properties in
      suspension and on a substratum. The present investigation has attempted to
      illustrate more clearly the role of colchicine- and cytochalasin-sensitive
      structures in the observed ultrastructural properties of the fibroblasts in this
      system. Cytochalasin B and colchicine alter the surface ultrastructure of the
      cells as well as the behaviour of the cells during aggregate outgrowth. In
      addition, the effects of both drugs on the cells in the aggregates are modulated
      by the attachment of the aggregates to a substratum.

PMID- 670329
TI  - Ultrastructure of mitosis in the chloromonadophycean alga Vacuolaria virescens.
AB  - During preprophase in the chloromonadophycean alga Vacuolaria virescens
      microtubules are present around the flagellar basal bodies and extend over the
      anterior surface of the nucleus. These microtubules assist in the separation of
      the flagella and later enter the nucleus through polar gaps. During prophase the
      nucleoli begin to disperse and the chromosomes become condensed. At metaphase the
      nucleus assumes an elliptical shape and an equatorial plate of chromosomes
      becomes aligned across the long axis of the nucleus; kinetochores are
      recognizable on some of the chromosomes. The nuclear envelope remains intact over
      most of the surface and in places it forms folds. During anaphase chromosomes are
      less distinct and vesicles are present in the elongating nucleus. Most of the new
      nuclear envelope around the progeny nuclei is formed by coalescence of these
      membrane vesicles during late anaphase and telophase, although some of the
      original nuclear envelope may also become incorporated. During telophase
      disintegration of the original nuclear envelope becomes pronounced and portions
      of this structure are recognizable in the cytoplasm after completion of mitosis.
      It is suggested that this unusual type of nuclear envelope behaviour may be
      important in ensuring the segregation of the Golgi apparatus and contractile
      vacuole to progeny cells. Interphase cells contain a single extensive Golgi
      apparatus which is located between the anterior surface of the nucleus and the
      contractile vacuole. The Golgi apparatus and contractile vacuole act as an
      osmoregulatory system and their presence is presumably essential to the existence
      of the organism. Formation of a new contractile vacuole and division of the Golgi
      apparatus occur early in mitosis and thereafter a Golgi apparatus and contractile
      vacuole become associated with each of the poles of the nucleus. They retain this
      location throughout mitosis and during cytokinesis, with the result that an
      osmoregulatory system is present in each of the daughter cells. In a similar
      manner, microbody-like organelles are associated with the nuclear envelope during
      mitosis but not at interphase. Growth of the nuclear envelope during mitosis may
      serve as the means of partitioning these organelles to the progeny cells. Thus
      mitosis in Vacuolaria virescens is responsible not only for the equal segregation
      of the genetic material but also for the correct distribution of some of the
      cytoplasmic components.

PMID- 670330
TI  - The arrangement of microtubules in serially sectioned spindles of the alga
      Cryptomonas.
AB  - Serial sections of mitotic spindles of the marine cryptophycean alga,
      Cryptomonas, were analysed to determine what types of microtubules they contained
      and which of these microtubules came close enough to each other (50 nm or less)
      for the commonly described crossbridging to be possible. Interpolar microtubules
      were rare (less than or equal to 1%) but from prometaphase through anaphase there
      was a substantial interpolar framework of free and polar microtubules which came
      close enough to one another to cross-bridge and generate anaphase spindle
      elongation by intermicrotubule sliding. However, such elongation would also
      require some concomitant polar microtubule polymerization. In contrast, only
      about 12% of the chromosomal microtubules came within bridging distance of
      interpolar framework microtubules. Thus, assuming that microtubules were
      accurately fixed in their in vivo positions, crossbridging between chromosomal
      and interpolar framework microtubules is unlikely to function in chromosome-to
      pole movement. In all stages the great majority of chromosomal microtubules were
      found to extend all the way from the chromatin to the pole. Although the
      identification of intermicrotubular bridges in section is often ambiguous, the
      best and most frequent examples of bridges in the present material were between
      polar microtubules and between chromosomal microtubules but not between the 2
      different categories. The spindles also contained 5-nm-diameter microfilaments
      associated mainly with chromosomal microtubules and occasionally with polar
      microtubules. A specific model for the possible involvement of these filaments in
      mitosis is presented.

PMID- 670331
TI  - Ultrastructure and activity of the nucleolar organizer in the mouse oocyte during
      meiotic prophase.
AB  - The mouse oocyte is the site of nucleolar synthesis during pachytene. The
      chromosomes containing a nucleolar organizer are attached to the nuclear envelope
      by their paracentromeric heterochromatin, either alone or by taking part in the
      formation of a chromocentre. The nucleolus appears at the junction of the
      paracentromeric heterochromatin with the euchromatic portion of the bivalent. In
      this zone, 5.0-nm-diameter fibres, thinner than those of the rest of the
      chromosome (10.0 nm), extend from the lateral element of the synaptonemal complex
      up to the nucleolar fibrillar centre in which they penetrate. At the onset of its
      synthesis, the nucleolus only contains the fibrillar centre and an electron-dense
      fibrillar component in continuity with the latter. Growth of the nucleolus often
      takes place in the form of a strand whose proximal end, in contact with the
      fibrillar centre, is formed by preribosomal fibrils and whose distal end is at
      first fibrillo-granular then granular. Following brief incorporation of tritiated
      uridine, nucleolar labelling is active in oogonia. No ribosomal RNA-synthetic
      activity is revealed during leptotene and zygotene. Incorporation resumes at mid
      pachytene, with labelling located over the electron-dense fibrillar component
      adjacent to the fibrillar centre. These observations suggest that the rDNA is
      located in both the fibrillar centre and its associated electron-dense fibrillar
      component and that the rDNA transcription occurs in the latter.

PMID- 670332
TI  - Brief focal family therapy when the child is the referred patient-II. Methodology
      and results.

PMID- 670333
TI  - Children's vigilance performance and inattentiveness in the classroom.

PMID- 670334
TI  - Minor physical anomalies in hyperactive, retarded and normal children and their
      families.

PMID- 670335
TI  - Echoic memory capacity in autistic children.

PMID- 670336
TI  - The Children's Behaviour Questionnaire for completeion by teachers in an Italian
      sample. Preliminary results.

PMID- 670337
TI  - The prognosis of child abuse.

PMID- 670338
TI  - Retardation in mathematics: a consideration of multi-factorial determination.

PMID- 670339
TI  - The effect of early institutional rearing on the development of eight year old
      children.

PMID- 670340
TI  - Sadism and paranoia. Cruelty as collective and individual response.

PMID- 670341
TI  - The effectiveness of residential treatment for delinquents.

PMID- 670342
TI  - Styles of hostility and social interactions at nursery, at school, and at home.
      an extended study of children.

PMID- 670343
TI  - Experiments on the reactions of juvenile delinquents to filmed violence.

PMID- 670344
TI  - The family backgrounds of aggressive youths.

PMID- 670345
TI  - Family, area and school influences in the genesis of conduct disorders.

PMID- 670346
TI  - Determination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole (co-trimoxazole) in body
      fluids of man by means of high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - A high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of
      trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole and its metabolite and a series of structurally
      related sulfonamides is described. The half-life time of elimination of
      sulfamethoxazole and its metabolite N4-acetylsulfamethoxazole is 9 h for both
      compounds. The renal excretion rate of sulfamethoxazole depends strongly on the
      urinary pH. The renal excretion rate of the metabolite N4-acetylsulfamethoxazole
      is not dependent on the urinary pH.

PMID- 670347
TI  - Quantitation of zimelidine and norzimelidine in plasma using high-performance
      liquid chromatography.
AB  - A method is described for the quantitation of new non-tricyclic antidepressant,
      zimelidine, and its pharmacologically active, N-demethylated metabolite,
      norzimelidine, in plasma. The method involves a single extraction of basified
      plasma with diethyl ether, concentration of the ethereal extract, chromatography
      on a high-performance liquid chromatograph and quantitation using a variable
      wavelength UV detector. The respective geometric isomers of zimelidene and
      norzimelidine are used as internal standards for quantitation. Resolution is
      effected using a 5-micron silica gel column with an aqueous methanolic solution
      of ammonium nitrate as the mobile phase. The minimum quantitated amount was 25 ng
      and the coefficient of variation for the method did not exceed 7% in the range 25
      to 1000 ng/ml for both compounds. The method has been applied in monitoring the
      plasma concentration of zimelidine and norzimelidine in plasma from depressed
      patients and an example of this application is presented.

PMID- 670348
TI  - Quantitative separation of bile salts from mixtures by gradient-elution high
      pressure liquid chromatography.

PMID- 670349
TI  - The gas--liquid chromatographic analysis of trimethoprim in plasma and urine.

PMID- 670350
TI  - Determination of metformin in plasma therapeutic levels by gas--liquid
      chromatography using a nitrogen detector.

PMID- 670351
TI  - Determination of the thiazide diuretic bemetizide in the plasma and urine of
      humans by high-performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 670352
TI  - Determination of metronidazole and misonidazole and their metabolites in plasma
      and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 670353
TI  - Rapid quantitative method for the simultaneous determination of carbamazepine,
      carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide, diphenylhydantion, mephenytoin, phenobarbital and
      primidone in serum by thin-layer chromatography.

PMID- 670354
TI  - [Fluorometric determination of flufenamic acid in blood through direct evaluation
      of thin layer chromatography].

PMID- 670355
TI  - Micro-method for the determination of caffeine and theophylline allowing direct
      application of biological fluids to thin-layer chromatography plates.

PMID- 670356
TI  - Determination of kynurenine by a simple gas-liquid chromatographic method
      applicable to urine, plasma, brain and cerebrospinal fluid.
AB  - A simple, sensitive and specific method for the determination of kynurenine is
      described. This is based on alkaline cleavage of kynurenine, followed by solvent
      extraction, trifluoroacetylation and gas--liquid chromatography with electron
      capture detection. Using this method kynurenine has been determined in urine and
      plasma, and for the first time in brain and cerebrospinal fluid. Increases in
      kynurenine in brain, plasma and urine are demonstrated following tryptophan
      administration to man and rat.

PMID- 670357
TI  - Determination of urinary thiamine by high-pressure liquid chromatography
      utilizing the thiochrome fluorscent method.
AB  - A sensitive, reproducible, and specific method for the determination of urinary
      thiamine has been established. Unique to the use of high-pressure liquid
      chromatography (HPLC) to separate the fluorescent thiamine derivative from
      interfering fluorescent compounds. Urine samples were passed through a Decalso
      catoin-exchange column, washed with 0.5 M KCl to remove some interfering
      compounds, and eluted with 3.4 M KCl. The eluted thiamine was converted to the
      fluorescent derivative, thiochrome, by reaction with alkaline potassium
      ferricyanide. The reaction mixture was extracted with isobutanol and subjected to
      HPLC monitored by a fluorescent detector. Within-day and day-to-day coefficients
      of variation proved to be 2.5% and 1.2% respectively. Recovery of added thiamine
      (range 0.04 to 2.0 microgram/ml) averaged 99.9 +/- 5.3%. The sensitivity of this
      method was 0.03 microgram/ml.

PMID- 670358
TI  - [Determination of "middle molecules" presenting vitamin B12 molecular size in
      normal and uremic body fluids (author's transl)].
AB  - Uremic solutes with the molecular size of vitamin B12 are assumed to be toxic. An
      analytical method is proposed to detect and separate these solutes in body fluids
      using two combined techniques: gel filtration on Sephadex G-15 and ion-exchange
      chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-25. The vitamin B12 molecular size has been
      localized by ultrafiltration through membranes with a defined cut-off. Normal and
      uremic body fluids (urine, plasma, hemodialysis fluid) have been separated into 9
      ultraviolet-absorbing peaks (a to i) by high-speed gel filtration. Peaks b and c
      present the molecular size of vitamin B12, 10--15 A molecular diameter in pH7
      aqueous solution. Peak b, which correlates with uremic neuropathy, is separated
      into 6 sub-peaks (b1 to b6) by ion-exchange chromatography, sub-peak b4.2 is the
      only one to correlate with uremic neuropathy. The coefficient of variation in the
      integrated area of a single peak is 16%. This method gives the chromatographic
      prolife of the vitamin B12 molecular size from 500 microliter of uremic plasma or
      100 microliter of normal urine within one hour.

PMID- 670359
TI  - Monoacylcadaverines in the blood of schizophrenic patients.
AB  - Concentrations of cadaverine, monoacetylcadaverine and monopropionylcadaverine in
      the blood of schizophrenic and nonschizophrenic subjects were measured. Two
      groups, one from the U.S.A. the other from Japan, were tested.
      Monoacetylcadaverine and monopropionylcadaverine were found elevated in the blood
      of some schizophrenic patients in comparison with those in controls in each
      group. Their increase could be caused by a reduced monoamine oxidase activity or
      by an increased acylation in schizophrenic patients.

PMID- 670360
TI  - Electrophoretic bimorphism of serum albumin in the presence of indocyanine green.
AB  - The presence of indocyanine green during extended traditional electrophoresis and
      immunoelectrophoresis of serum is associated with bimorphism of albumin. This
      occurs over a range of dye--albumin molar ratios an order or more greater than
      was obtained in similar phenomena described previously. The bimorphism seems not
      to be dose dependent beyond a certain point, and the two albumins so separated
      show tinctorial differences. The phenomenon has been observed to apparently the
      same degree in all normal sera tested, and may represent a means of
      distinguishing ligand-loaded and ligand-light serum albumin.

PMID- 670361
TI  - Microdetermination of caffeine in blood by gas chromatography--mass spectrometry.
AB  - A micromethod for the quantitative analysis of caffeine present in small
      quantities (100 microliter) of whole blood is described. It is based on the gas
      chromatographic--mass spectrometric analysis of chloroform extracts of biological
      samples. The method is relatively simple, rapid, specific and sensitive; as
      little as 20 ng of caffeine can be measured.

PMID- 670362
TI  - Paraffin oil pneumonia. Analysis of saturated hydrocarbons in different human
      tissue.
AB  - Temperature-programmed gas chromatographic analysis on columns packed with
      Apiezon L as stationary phase is shown to be the best method for the qualitative
      and quantitative analysis of simple and complex hydrocarbon mixtures when
      compared with all the other applicable techniques (thin-layer chromatography,
      column chromatography, ultraviolet spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, nuclear
      magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry) described in this paper.
      Using the method in a patient with mineral oil pneumonia it could be demonstrated
      that he expectorated a maximum of 79.5 mg liquid paraffin daily and also
      transported equally complex saturated hydrocarbons in a concentration of 1.3 mg%
      in plasma and of 1.6 mg% in the cellular blood components. In an additional
      experiment the direct determination of liquid paraffin resorbed from the
      gastrointestinal tract was possible in a patient with a left chyle fistula in the
      neck. After a dose of 50 g liquid paraffin administered as a laxative, 246 ml
      chyle was collected within the following 14 h which yielded a total of 4.5 mg
      liquid paraffin. Its composition was identical with the administered laxative.
      Assuming a daily lymph volume of 1.51, the resorbed amount would correspond to a
      resorption rate of 0.5 (see article) liquid paraffin. The importance of these
      results as well as the diagnostic consequences arising from the described
      analytical technique are discussed in detail.

PMID- 670363
TI  - Separation and determination of the hydrolysis products of chloramphenicol in
      pharmaceutical preparations by high-performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 670364
TI  - Chromatography of melanogens from urine of hamsters with transplantable melanoms.
      I. Thormahlen-positive melanogens.

PMID- 670365
TI  - Chromatography of melanogens from urine of hamsters with transplantable melanoma.
      II. Thormahlen-negative melanogens.

PMID- 670366
TI  - Purfication of synthetic cardiotoxin by affinity chromatography.
AB  - A polypeptide containing 60 amino acids with 4 disulphide bonds, synthesized by
      the solid-phase method, was highly purifed by anticardiotoxin-Sepharose affinity
      chromatography following gel filtration and CM-cellulose chromatography. The
      identification of the final product as cardiotoxin was confirmed by thin-layer
      chromatography on silica gel, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, amino acid
      analysis, circular dichroism spectra, N-terminal analysis and four biological
      tests.

PMID- 670367
TI  - Gel filtration of phthalate esters.
AB  - Calibration of the gel-filtration system polystyrene beads-benzene is effected in
      terms of the molecular weights of solutes without using a void volume indicator.
      Correction for dead volumes is made by incorporating in the loads a dye producing
      a peak of accurately known elution volume to serve as reference point on a
      stripchart absorption diagram of column effluent. The calibrated column separates
      small amounts of plasticizer phthalate esters from excess of lipids extracted
      from biological materials, providing evidence of identity in samples sufficiently
      pure for estimation by gas chromatography. Further purification can, where
      necessary, be achieved quantitatively by high-performance liquid chromatography
      on silicic acid with 2% (v/v) diisopropyl ether in n-hexane as mobile phase.

PMID- 670368
TI  - Identification of O3-monoacetylmorphine in illicit heroin using gas
      chromatography-electron-capture detection and mass spectrometry.

PMID- 670369
TI  - Determination of lidocaine and its desethylated metabolites in plasma by
      capillary column gas-liquid chromatography.

PMID- 670370
TI  - Gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric identification of new specific
      derivatives of prostaglandins A and E: application to prostaglandin profiling in
      general.

PMID- 670371
TI  - Derivatisation of steroid hormones with t-butyldimethylsilyl imidazole.
AB  - An efficient procedure for the derivatisation of hydroxyl and alpha,beta
      unsaturated ketonic steroids using t-butyldimethylsilyl imidazole is described.
      The conditions which employ potassium acetate as a basic catalyst result in
      quantitative formation of BDMS ethers and greater than 96% yield of BDMS-enol
      ethers. Various mechanisms involving the catalysed and uncatalysed reactions of t
      butyldimethylsilyl imidazole with alcohols and enols are also discussed. The mass
      spectra of the BDMS-enol ethers, in contrast to the BDMS ethers, are dominated by
      an intense molecular ion, which facilitates the quantitation of these derivatives
      in biological samples. An example of the method is shown by the determination of
      4-androstene-3,17-dione in urine using a stable-isotope internal standard.

PMID- 670372
TI  - Reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography for the separation of peptide
      hormone diastereoisomers.
AB  - Diastereoisomers of specifically labeled oxytocin derivatives were resolved using
      reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography. The peptides [1-hemi-DL-[alpha
      2H]cystine]oxytocin, [6-hemi-DL-[alpha-2H]cystine]oxytocin, [2-DL-[alpha
      2H]tyrosine]oxytocin and[8-DL-[2-13C]leucine]oxytocin were readily separated
      using the conditions described. The diastereoisomers of the oxytocin analog [3-DL
      [2-13C]leucine]oxytocin also demonstrated baseline resolution under the same
      conditions. The procedure offers the investigator a rapid method for screening
      synthetic oxytocin peptides for undesirable diastereoisomeric by-products.

PMID- 670373
TI  - Simultaneous determination by GC-MS-SIM of o-, m-, p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid,
      3:4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid in biological samples using
      a common selected ion.
AB  - A GC-MS-SIM method is described for the simultaneous determination of five acid
      metabolites, o-, m-, and p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, 3:4-dihydroxyphenylacetic
      acid and homovanillic acid in biological samples using a common selected ion for
      all the acids. The TMS ethers of methyl or ethyl esters of these compounds have a
      common ion at m/e 179 which is used for their quantitation by selected ion
      monitoring. The molecular ion at m/e 238 of the three monohydroxy phenylacetic
      acids, which is also the M-30 ion for homovanillic acid, is also used for their
      quantitation. The GC conditions for their separation, the relative sensitivities
      and some advantages of TMS ethers over other derivatives are described. The
      application of this method to biological samples is illustrated by data on human
      urine and plasma.

PMID- 670374
TI  - Rapid determination of quinidine in human plasma by high-performance liquid
      chromatography.
AB  - A sensitive and specific method for the determination of quinidine in plasma is
      described. Quinidine is extracted with chloroform, the extract is evaporated and
      reconstituted with methanol and the methanol extract is analyzed by high
      performance liquid chromatography using a silica gel column. The recovery of
      quinidine from plasma varied between 93.0 to 100%. Quinidine levels as low as 12
      ng/ml can be detected by this method.

PMID- 670375
TI  - Vero microcultures for adenovirus neutralization tests.
AB  - A microculture neutralization test is described for measuring specific antibody
      levels to the 35 human adenovirus serotypes in Vero cells. The test is read at 5
      days by macroscopic observation after staining the uninfected cells with crystal
      violet. The test is performed with a minimum of manipulations and gives serum
      titers comparable with those obtained in tube macrocultures of monkey kidney,
      human embryonic kidney, and Vero cells. The Vero microculture neutralization test
      measures inhibition of adenovirus toxicity, although selected human adenoviruses
      serially subpassaged in Vero cells were shown to successfully adapt and replicate
      in the absence of detectable helper viruses.

PMID- 670376
TI  - New medium for isolation of Actinomyces viscosus and Actinomyces naeslundii from
      dental plaque.
AB  - Metronidazole (10 microgram/ml) and cadmium sulfate (20 microgram/ml) were added
      to a gelatin-based medium to select for microaerophilic Actinomyces species from
      dental plaque samples. The new medium (GMC), when incubated anaerobically,
      allowed 98% recovery of seven pure cultures of Actinomyces viscosus and 73%
      recovery of eight pure cultures of Actinomyces naeslundii, while suppressing 76%
      of the total count of other organisms in dental plaque samples. In 203 plaque
      samples, recoveries of A. viscosus and A. naeslundii on GMC and another selective
      medium for oral Actinomyces (CNAC-20) were compared. Recovery of A. viscosus was
      comparable on the two media. Recovery of A. naeslundii was significantly higher
      on GMC than CNAC-20 (P is less than 0.001), and GMC allowed a more characteristic
      cell morphology of both organisms. GMC medium appears to be useful for the
      isolation and presumptive identification of A. viscosus and A. naeslundii from
      dental plaque.

PMID- 670377
TI  - Brain abscess due to Streptococcus MG-intermedius (Streptococcus milleri).
AB  - Three cases of brain abscesses due to Streptococcus MG-intermedius are reported,
      and the literature pertaining to this subject is reviewed. The importance of
      careful and complete identification of these etiological agents of infection is
      stressed. The clinical presentation, the origin of S. MG-intermedius producing
      brain abscess, and its relation to hepatic abscesses and endocarditis are
      discussed.

PMID- 670378
TI  - Endocarditis associated with cardiac catheterization due to a Gram-positive
      coccus designated Micrococcus mucilaginosus incertae sedis.
AB  - A gram-positive coccus, presently named Micrococcus mucilaginosus incertae sedis,
      was isolated from 14 blood cultures from a patient with endocarditis. The first
      positive blood culture was drawn 5 days after the patient underwent cardiac
      catheterization.

PMID- 670379
TI  - Lymphocyte responses to hemagglutinin and neuraminidase subunits of influenza
      virus.
AB  - The responses of peripheral lymphocytes to purified hemagglutinin and
      neuraminidase subunits and other components of an influenza. A virus were
      measured in 21 normal adults and compared with antibody titers. All had influenza
      antibodies and demonstrated influenza antigen recognition by lympho-proliferative
      responses. There was a significantly greater response to the two purified
      influenza virus surface antigens, hemagglutinin and neuraminidase, than to either
      whole intact virus or its separated subviral core. No correlation between
      magnitudes of antibody titers and lymphocyte responsiveness was observed.

PMID- 670380
TI  - Atypical Yersinia enterocolitica: clinical and epidemiological parameters.
AB  - Infections due to biochemically typical Yersinia enterocolitica usually present
      as gastroenteritis, mesenteric lymphadenitis, terminal ileitis, and septicemia
      often with visceral abscesses. In these instances, the isolates have been
      biochemically typical and of well-established serotypes, namely 0:3 or 0:9 and,
      in the United States, 0:5 or 0:8. The recovery, recognition, and significance of
      biochemically and serologically atypical Y. enterocolitica in human infections
      has proceeded more slowly. From an analysis of the clinical histories of 20
      patients infected with 21 such aberrant Y. enterocolitica, it appears that these
      strains are of restricted pathogenic potential, producing various clinical
      entities such as localized skin abscesses, conjunctivitis, self-limiting
      enteritis, and wound and urinary tract infections in hosts with predisposing
      factors. Epidemiologically, whereas episodic acquisition of atypical strains by
      hospitalized patients is indicative of nosocomial transmission, in the present
      series sporadic isolations over a 4-year period, mainly from ambulatory patients,
      suggest an occult reservoir in the community serviced by The Mount Sinai
      Hospital. In contrast to typical Y. enterocolitica, which has become well adapted
      in animal and human hosts, it appears that environmental strains may be in the
      evolutionary process of becoming adapted to humans.

PMID- 670381
TI  - Disseminated infection by Fusarium moniliforme during treatment for malignant
      lymphoma.
AB  - Disseminated infection caused by Fusarium moniliforme is described in a 32-year
      old granulocytopenic man with malignant lymphoma being treated with cytotoxic
      drugs and corticosteroids. Infected skin denuded by antecedent severe varicella
      zoster infection was the probable source of fungemia. F. moniliforme grows
      rapidly on common mycological media as a lavender- to violet-colored mold at 25
      to 37 degrees C. Its aerial hyphae produce fusoid macroconidia and characteristic
      fusiform microconidia in chains. The morphology of hyphae in tissue closely
      resembles species of Aspergillus and is not diagnostically specific.
      Morphological characteristics which distinguish cultures of F. moniliforme from
      other medically important species of Fusarium are discussed.

PMID- 670382
TI  - Diagnosis of California La Crosse virus infection by
      counterimmunoelectrophoresis.
AB  - La Crosse virus cell culture-derived soluble antigen was used in a
      counterimmunoelectrophoresis procedure to assess the presence or absence of La
      Crosse antibodies in 79 paired acute- and convalescent-phase human sera. The
      counterimmunoelectrophoresis test appeared to measure the same antibody as the
      complement fixation test but was more sensitive and rapid.

PMID- 670383
TI  - Oligomeric immunoglobulin A antibody response to rubella virus infection.
AB  - Pooled sera from rubella patients in the early convalescent stage, containing a
      high titer of hemagglutination-inhibiting (HI) antibody, were treated with
      protein A-conjugated gel to reduce immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody and then
      centrifuged in sucrose gradients. This treatment resulted in the detection of an
      HI activity peak sedimenting at a rate intermediate between 7S and 19S. In
      contrast to the 19S antibody, the HI activity of this peak was not abolished by 2
      mercaptoethanol, but sedimented at 7S after this treatment. The activity was
      considered to consist of IgA oligomers, since it was removed by anti-IgA
      immunosorbent. The appearance of the oligomeric IgA antibody after the infection
      was then studied using serum samples collected sequentially from five rubella
      patients. Shortly after the onset of the disease, the HI activity appeared at
      high titer and thereafter gradually decreased in titer until it could no longer
      be detected in the sera. The time of its disappearance varied with each patient.

PMID- 670384
TI  - Group IVe-like gram-negative bacillemia in a patient with obstructive uropathy.
AB  - A nonfermentative, gram-negative bacillus, resembling Center for Disease Control
      group IVe, was isolated from the blood of a patient with obstructive uropathy.
      Prior studies implicating this organism in septicemia could not be found in the
      literature. It is suggested that this is the first time that this bacillus has
      been reported to cause bacillemia in humans.

PMID- 670385
TI  - Usefulness of serial antibody determinations in diagnosis of candidiasis as
      measured by discontinuous counterimmunoelectrophoresis using HS antigen.
AB  - We have followed the candida antibody response in 115 patients with different
      types of candidiasis by discontinuous counterimmunoelectrophoresis using HS
      antigen to learn whether any early antibody response occurs in systemic
      candidiasis and whether there are differences in the antibody response in
      candidiasis involving different organ systems. We found that 23 of 32 (72%)
      patients with systemic candidiasis had a rise in antibody titer within the first
      2 weeks of infection and that high titers were relatively insensitive indicators
      of infection. No differences were seen in the antibody response in different
      types of candidiasis. Patients with aspergillosis and torulopsosis had titer
      rises as well which were attributed to either inapparent candida infection or
      cross-reacting antibody. A rise in titer was not seen in any patient with candida
      colonization, bacterial or viral infection, or no infection in contrast to titers
      greater than or equal to 1/1 or greater than or equal to 1/8 which were seen in
      these conditions.

PMID- 670386
TI  - Improved media for growth and aerotolerance of Campylobacter fetus.
AB  - The microaerophilic nature of Campylobacter fetus has complicated its recovery
      from human and animal sources. In this study, modifications of brucella agar and
      broth were tested for enhancement of growth and aerotolerance of 64 strains of C.
      fetus, representing each subspecies. Brucella agar supplemented with 0.025% each
      FeSO4 7H2O, sodium metabisulfite, and sodium pyruvate, supported growth of 98,
      77, and 63% of the strains at 6% O2, 17% O2, and 21% O2, respectively.
      Unsupplemented brucella agar supported growth of 94, 48, and 20% of the strains.
      Brucella broth supplemented with 0.2% FeSO4.7H2O, 0.025% sodium metabisulfite,
      and 0.05% sodium pyruvate supported growth of 98% of the strains at 21% O2,
      compared to 75% with unsupplemented brucella broth. With both the supplemented
      agar and broth, growth responses occurred 1 to 2 days earlier than usual. Growth
      and aerotolerance of three strains of Campylobacter sputorum subsp. bubulus were
      not enhanced by the supplements.

PMID- 670387
TI  - Identification of Achromobacter species by cellular fatty acids and by production
      of keto acids.
AB  - The cellular fatty acid composition and metabolic products of 12 reference
      strains of Achromobacter sp. and A. xylosoxidans were determined by gas-liquid
      chromatography (GLC). Results showed that the two Achromobacter groups are
      strikingly different and can be readily distinguished on the basis of cellular
      fatty acids and the short-chain acids produced by Achromobacter sp. The major
      cellular fatty acids of Achromobacter sp. were octadecenoic (18:1) and a 19
      carbon cyclopropanoic (19:0 delta) acid, whereas hexadecanoic (16:0) and a 17
      carbon cyclopropanoic (17:0 delta) acid were principal components of the lipids
      of A. xylosoxidans. Hydroxy acids were not found in strains of Achromobacter sp.
      but comprised approximately 20% of the cellular fatty acids of A. xylosoxidans.
      In addition, Achromobacter sp. produced relatively large amounts of 2
      ketoisocaproic acid, which was detected in only trace amounts from strains of A.
      xylosoxidans. The data show that GLC tests provide additional criteria for
      differentiating groups which are very closely related when evaluated with
      conventional tests. The GLC tests can be readily adapted in the clinical
      laboratory because they are rapid, highly reproducible, relatively inexpensive,
      and simple to perform.

PMID- 670388
TI  - Yersinia enterocolitica: serotypes and biotypes isolated from humans and the
      environment in Quebec, Canada.
AB  - Thirty-one strains of Yersinia enterocolitica were isolated from food and surface
      water. During the period of January 1975 to June 1977, 157 strains from 143 human
      cases were also isolated. Among the different serotypes from nonhuman sources,
      serotypes 6,30 and 4,32 were the most common. Serotype 4,32 was present only in
      food and not in water. Serotype 3 was isolated only from humans. Among the
      different serotypes from human cases, 73.9% belonged to serotype 3. Only serotype
      3 was isolated from children under 4 years old. The presence of other serotypes
      increased and that of serotype 3 decreased in frequency as the age progressed. No
      serotype 3 was isolated from human cases aged 50 years and more.

PMID- 670389
TI  - Occurrence of mycoplasmas in urinary tracts of patients with acute
      pyelonephritis.
AB  - Mycoplasma hominis was isolated from the upper urinary tract in 7 of 80 patients
      with acute pyelonephritis and from 0 of 60 patients with noninfectious diseases
      of the urinary tract, a significant difference. In four cases M. hominis was
      isolated in pure culture, in one it was isolated together with Ureaplasma
      urealyticum, and in two it was isolated with bacteria. U. urealyticum was
      isolated from the upper urinary tract of five patients, all with acute
      pyelonephritis; this was not significantly different from the control group.

PMID- 670390
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid lactic acid in diagnosis of meningitis.
AB  - Quantitative lactate determinations were performed on cerebrospinal fluids to
      assess their value in the rapid diagnosis of bacterial and mycotic meningitis and
      to evaluate their value in assessing the prognosis in these patients.
      Cerebrospinal fluid lactate concentrations were elevated in all patients with
      untreated bacterial or fungal meningitis. Lactate concentrations proved very
      valuable in following patients with mycotic meningitis and in differentiating
      aseptic from bacterial meningitis. Elevated cerebrospinal fluid lactate is not
      specific for meningitis. Lactate is also elevated in situations where there is
      central nervous system ischemia and necrosis and in patients with brain tumors.
      Lactate concentration is normal in chronic degenerative brain diseases. Thus, the
      clinical situation must be taken into account when interpreting the lactate
      concentrations.

PMID- 670391
TI  - Survival of 125iodine-labeled Factor VIII in normals and patients with classic
      hemophilia. Observations on the heterogeneity of human Factor VIII.
AB  - Radiolabeled human Factor VIII was used to study its survival in normals and
      patients with classic hemophilia, and to study the heterogeneity of Factor VIII;
      Purified Factor VIII was radiolabeled with 125iodine (125I-VIII) without loss of
      its structural integrity. The survival of 125I-VIII was studied in six normals
      and six hemophiliacs of whom four of the hemophiliacs had received transfusions
      with normal cryoprecipitate before the 125I-VIII infusion. No significant
      difference was observed between the disappearance of Factor VIII coagulant
      activity and radioactivity in these hemophiliacs. 125I-VIII in plasma showed a
      biphasic disappearance with an average t1/2 of 2.9 +/- 0.4 h (SEM) for the first
      phase and 18.6 +/- 0.7 h (SEM) for the second phase, respectively. The survival
      of 125I-VIII was similar comparing normals and hemophiliacs. The highest
      molecular weight forms of Factor VIII disappear more rapidly than the lower
      molecular weight ones. This was established by analysis of the fractions obtained
      by gel chromatography of plasma collected at several times after infusion and by
      analysis of the in vivo disappearance of three subfractions of Factor VIII. The
      fraction of 125I-VIII binding to platelets in the presence of ristocetin
      (containing the highest molecular weight forms of Factor VIII including the
      ristocetin cofactor) represented about 50% of the radioactivity present in plasma
      after infusion and showed a t 1/2 of 11.7 +/- 0.9 h (SEM) for the second phase.
      The fraction, which was recovered in cryoprecipitate of the recipient's plasma,
      represented about 90% of the initial radioactivity and showed a t 1/2 of 16.3 +/-
      0.8 h (SEM) for the second phase. The fraction of 125I-VIII remaining in the
      cryosupernatant plasma (containing low molecular weight forms of Factor (VIII)
      showed a t 1/2 of 27.2 +/- 1.1 h (SEM). The first phase of the disappearance of
      125I-VIII is caused in part by the disappearance of the highest molecular weight
      forms, which are possibly removed by the reticuloendothelial system.

PMID- 670392
TI  - A common uptake system for serotonin and dopamine in human platelets.
AB  - Kinetic and pharmacologic properties of uptake of serotonin and dopamine by
      normal human platelets have been investigated to test whether platelets can be
      employed as a model system for the reuptake of serotonin and dopamine in brain.
      Uptake of serotonin into platelets closely resembles reuptake of serotonin into
      serotonergic neurons. In contrast, uptake of dopamine into platelets appears to
      be mediated inefficiently via the specific serotonin uptake mechanism, based upon
      several lines of evidence. Serotonin and dopamine compete with each other,
      Antidepressant drugs, which are competitive inhibitors of uptake of both of these
      neurotransmitters, act at the same concentration of drug despite large
      differences in the Km values. Serotonin antagonists inhibit both serotonin and
      dopamine uptake. Finally, a serotonin-specific uptake inhibitor (fluoxetine)
      blocks dopamine, as well as serotonin, uptake.

PMID- 670393
TI  - Gentamicin blockade of slow Ca++ channels in atrial myocardium of guinea pigs.
AB  - Cardiac dysfunction is occasionally detected in patients undergoing treatment
      with amino-glycoside antibiotics, however, the mechanism responsible for the
      negative inotropic effect of these agents has not been identified. In the present
      investigation electrically driven left atria of guinea pigs were used to study
      the effects of gentamicin on calcium ion (Ca++)-dependent contractile events in
      heart muscle isolated from in vivo influences. When atria were first inactivated
      by excess potassium ion (K+; 22mM) and contractions were then restored by
      isoproterenol (an experimental model that accentuates the contractile dependence
      of myocardial fibers on influx of Ca++ through specific "slow channels" of the
      sarcolemma), the cardiac depressant activity of gentamicin (0.1 mM) was
      profoundly augmented. Conversely, the negative inotropic effect of tetrodotoxin
      (23.5 micron) was abolished by the same experimental conditions. Also, gentamicin
      (1 mM) and La+++ (0.5 mM) markedly decreased the positive inotropic response to
      increased frequency of stimulation; whereas, D600 (1.05 micron) converted the
      positive frequency-force relationship to a negative relationship. Present data
      indicate a direct cardiac depressant action of gentamicin, and suggest that this
      antibiotic adversely affects either the transport system responsible for Ca++
      movement through slow channels of the sarcolemma, the availability of Ca++ for
      translocation to these sites, or both.

PMID- 670394
TI  - Maturation of jejunum and ileum in rats. Water and electrolyte transport during
      in vivo perfusion of hypertonic solutions.
AB  - During osmotic diarrhea, loss of water and electrolytes appears to be greater in
      infants than in adults. In 2-, 3-, and 7-wk-old rats, we studied net transport of
      H(2)O, Na, and Cl, during in vivo perfusion of segments of the jejunum and ileum,
      from solutions with osmolalities of 300, 375, 500, or 700 mosmol/kg. In the
      jejunal segments, from the hypertonic solutions net transport of H(2)O, Na, and
      Cl was into the lumen and greater in the 2- than 7-wk-old rats. In the ileal
      segments, transport of water was into the lumen, transport of Na was minimal and
      variable, whereas transport of Cl was usually out the lumen. In 3-wk-old rats,
      transport rates were intermediate between those in 2- and 7-wk-old rats. The
      calculated filtration coefficient (microliters of H(2)O transported per hour per
      unit osmolality gradient-lumen-serum-per gram dry weight) of water suggested that
      the resistance to water flow did not increase with rise in luminal hypertonicity
      in the jejunum of the 2- and 3-wk-old rats, whereas in jejunum of the 7-wk-old
      rats and in ileum of rats in all three ages, the resistance to water flow
      increased with the rise in luminal osmolality. The differences in the transport
      rates and the resistance to water flow, between segments of the 2-, 3-, and 7-wk
      old rats, suggested a maturational phenomenon that appears to continue beyond the
      3rd wk of life and could have been due to differences in some physical property
      of the mucosal membrane.

PMID- 670396
TI  - Direct determination of PCO2 in the rat renal cortex.
AB  - The mechanism by which the kidney reabsorbs sodium bicarbonate could be a result
      of (a) H+ secretion, (b) direct HCO3- reabsorption, or (c) a combination of both
      processes. Most of the studies which have supported the H+ secretory theory have
      involved the assumption that tubular fluid and arterial PCO2 were equal. We have
      utilized a new PCO2 microelectrode to directly determine in situ PCO2 of tubular
      fluid and stellate vessel blood in the cortex of the rat kidney during control
      conditions and after alterations in acid-base status. In 21 control rats,
      proximal tubular fluid PCO2 exceeded systemic arterial PCO2 (deltaCO2) by 25.9 +/
      0.92 mm Hg (P less than 0.001). The values obtained for both distal tubular
      fluid and stellate vessel blood were not significantly different from proximal
      tubular PCO2. Evaluation of PCO2 in the proximal tubules of Munich-Wistar rats
      did not reveal evidence for a declining profile for PCO2 along the length of the
      nephron. When proximal bicarbonate reabsorption was increased or decreased
      acutely by alterations in acid-base status, deltaPCO2 changed in paralle.
      Furthermore, benzolamide administration significantly reduced deltaPCO2. We
      conclude: (a) that the PCO2 in tubular fluid is significantly greater than
      systemic arterial PCO2, (b) that there is no tendency for the observed PCO2 to
      fall along the proximal tubule, (c) the mean PCO2 in the proximal and distal
      tubules as well as the stellate vessle is not significantly different, thereby
      rendering the concept of a "diffusion barrier" for CO2 in the proximal tubule
      unlikely, and (d) the level of renal cortical PCO2 appears to vary directly with
      the magnitude of bicarbonate reabsorption.

PMID- 670395
TI  - Further studies on segmental sodium transport in the rat kidney during expansion
      of the extracellular fluid volume.
AB  - The present studies were designed to further investigate the possibility of
      heterogeneity of nephron function during Ringer loading in the rat, and to
      determine the specific nephron segment responsible for this finding. As in
      previous studies from this laboratory with smaller rats (50-125 g), net addition
      of sodium between late distal tubule and papillary base (6.9 vs. 10.4% of the
      filtered load, respectively, P <0.005) was found in more mature rats (170-230 g).
      In contrast, there was net reabsorption of sodium between these two segments in
      nonvolume-expanded animals, 1.70 vs. 0.45% of the filtered sodium load, P <0.005.
      Because nephron heterogeneity of sodium transport during extracellular volume
      expansion is the most likely explanation for these findings, further studies were
      performed to determine the specific juxtamedullary nephron segment responsible
      for the net addition pattern between late distal tubule and papillary base in
      Ringer-loaded animals. First, a comparison was made of sodium delivery to the
      late proximal tubule of superficial nephrons vs. the delivery rate to the bend of
      Henle's loop of juxtamedullary nephrons in both hydropenia and Ringer loading.
      Fractional sodium delivery was quite comparable between the superficial and
      juxtamedullary nephrons in both hydropenia and Ringer loading although the
      absolute level was much greater in both groups of nephrons in the Ringer studies.
      Chlorothiazide (15 mg/kg loading and 15 mg/kg per h) given during Ringer loading
      markedly increased late distal sodium delivery, 19% of the filtered load, but did
      not prevent net addition of sodium at the papillary base. In contrast, furosemide
      (5 mg/kg loading and 5/mg/kg per h) given during Ringer loading completely
      reversed the segmental pattern, 35.5 and 28.8% at late distal tubule and
      papillary base, respectively, P <0.005. These studies demonstrate that the net
      addition of sodium between late distal tubule and papillary base during Ringer
      loading is not limited to immature rats and that the segmental pattern does not
      occur in non-volume-expanded animals. Further, the reversal of the net addition
      pattern with furosemide, but not chlorothiazide, and the comparable proximal
      nephron delivery rates in Ringer loading suggest that the loop of Henle of
      juxtamedullary nephrons reabsorbs less sodium than the same portion of
      superficial nephrons in this setting. A model is proposed to explain this
      finding.

PMID- 670398
TI  - Multiple forms of human plasma renin substrate.
AB  - The objective of this investigation was to determine whether heterogeneity of
      plasma renin substrate could be observed in states of steroid excess and various
      forms of hypertensive disease. In states of stimulated renin substrate production
      by estrogens or glucocorticoids, multiple forms of renin substrate were apparent
      when stimulation was excessive. Stimulation of substrate production caused by
      uremia associated with hypertension showed similar results. None, or only trace
      quantities of the additional forms of renin substrate were evident in subjects
      with normal or suppressed levels of plasma renin substrate. The additional forms
      of renin substrate could be distinguished from the normal form on the basis of
      cross-reactivity with a specific antiserum to the normal form, electrophoretic
      mobility, and kinetic rate constants. Differences in rate constants of the
      various forms of plasma renin substrate may account for the altered rate of the
      renin reaction associated with several states of hypertension. In plasma of
      patients with renovascular hypertension, significant quantities of a protein
      which cross-reacted with the antiserum but could not generate angiotensin I were
      observed.

PMID- 670397
TI  - Requirements for the solubilization of immune aggregates by complement. The role
      of the classical pathway.
AB  - In this paper we examine the role of the classical pathway in the complement
      mediated solubilization of immune precipitates (CRA). Serum reagents were
      depleted of the alternative pathway components properdin and factor D. Both
      depleted reagents lack CRA although they have almost intact hemolytic activity.
      Also, immune complexes were not solubilized when incubated with high
      concentrations of the classical pathway components (C1, C4, C2, and C3. We
      conclude that CRA is not mediated by the classical pathway alone. Activation of
      the classical pathway by the immune aggregates greatly enhances CRA. The effect
      of the classical pathway is to deposit C3b on the antigen-antibody lattice and
      promote the assembly of a lattice-associated, properdin-dependent C3-convertase.
      Although C3, C4, and properdin were detected on complexes solubilized by serum in
      the presence of Ca++ and Mg++, only C3 and properdin were found on the complexes
      when Ca++ had been chelated by ethylene glycol-bis-(beta-aminoethyl ether), N,N'
      tetraacetic acid. In both situations the aggregates were capable of converting C5
      in the fluid phase. However, no C5 was found on the solubilized complexes. These
      findings suggest that in contrast to nascent C3b and C4b, nascent C5-9 lacks
      binding affinity for immune aggregates.

PMID- 670399
TI  - Sodium, phosphate, glucose, bicarbonate, and alanine interactions in the isolated
      proximal convoluted tubule of the rabbit kidney.
AB  - Interactions among the transport systems involved with sodium, bicarbonate,
      glucose, phosphate, and alanine absorption in isolated segments of the rabbit
      proximal convoluted tubule were examined with radioisotopic techniques to measure
      glucose, phosphate, and fluid absorption rates. The composition of the perfusate
      and bath varied from normal, physiological fluids to fluids deficient in a single
      solute. The deletion of glucose from the perfusate increased the lumen-to-bath
      flux of phosphate from 5.51 +/- 1.15 to 8.32 +/- 1.34 pmol/mm-min (P less than
      0.01). Similar changes occurred when glucose transport was inhibited by phlorizin
      10 micron in the perfusate, The deletion of alanine from the perfusate increased
      the lumen-to-bath flux of phosphate from 6.55 +/- 1.08 to 9.00 +/- 1.30 pmol/mm
      min (P less than 0.01) but did not affect glucose transport significantly, 80.1
      +/- 10.1 vs. 72.5 +/- 5.4 pmol/mm-min. Replacement of intraluminal sodium with
      choline, elimination of potassium from the bath, and removal of bicarbonate from
      the lumen and bath each reduced glucose, phosphate, and fluid absorption. These
      data indicate that the proximal absorptive processes for glucose and for
      phosphate include elements that are dependent upon some function of sodium
      transport. Additionally, the effects on phosphate transport of deleting glucose
      or alanine occur independent of any changes in net sodium transport and are
      opposite the effects of deleting bicarbonate. These differences may relate to the
      observations that the transport of glucose and alanine is electrogenic while that
      of bicarbonate is not. Regardless of possible mechanisms, the data demonstrate
      that important changes in the absorption rates of different solutes handled
      significantly by the proximal convoluted tubule may occur in response to changes
      in specific components of proximal sodium transport.

PMID- 670400
TI  - Glucose and alanine metabolism in children with maple syrup urine disease.
AB  - In vitro studies have suggested that catabolism of branched chain amino acids is
      linked with alanine and glutamine formed in, and released from, muscle. To
      explore this possibility in vivo, static and kinetic studies were performed in
      three patients with classical, and one patient with partial, branched chain alpha
      ketoacid decarboxylase deficiency (maple syrup urine disease, MSUD) and compared
      to similar studies in eight age-matched controls. The subjects underwent a 24-30
      h fast, and a glucose-alanine flux study using stable isotopes. Basal plasma
      leucine concentrations were elevated (P <0.001) in patients with MSUD (1,140+/
      125 muM vs. 155+/-18 muM in controls); and in contrast to the controls, branched
      chain amino acid concentrations in plasma increased during the fast in the MSUD
      patients. Basal plasma alanine concentrations were lower (P <0.01) in patients
      with classical MSUD (153+/-8 muM vs. 495+/-27 muM in controls). This discrepancy
      was maintained throughout the fast despite a decrease in alanine concentrations
      in both groups. Plasma alanine and leucine concentrations in the patient with
      partial MSUD were intermediate between those of the controls and the subjects
      with the classical form of the disease. Circulating ketone bodies and
      glucoregulatory hormones concentrations were similar in the MSUD and normal
      subjects during the fast. Alanine flux rates in two patients with classical MSUD
      (3.76 and 4.00 mumol/Kg per min) and the patient with partial MSUD (5.76 mumol/Kg
      per min) were clearly lower than those of the controls (11.72+/-2.53 [SD]
      mumol/Kg per min). After short-term starvation, glucose flux and fasting
      concentrations were similar in the MSUD patients and normal subjects.These data
      indicate that branched chain amino acid catabolism is an important rate limiting
      event for alanine production in vivo.

PMID- 670401
TI  - The influence of fasting, diabetes, and several pharmacological agents on the
      pathways of thyroxine metabolism in rat liver.
AB  - As judged from both paper and column chromatography, slices or homogenates of
      liver from rats fasted for 48 h displayed a lesser rate of generation of (125)I
      labeled 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T(3)) from (125)I-labeled thyroxine (T(4)) added
      to incubation media than did preparations from normal chow-fed animals. A similar
      defect in the conversion of T(4) to T(3) in the livers of fasted animals was
      observed when preparations were incubated with substrate concentrations of T(4)
      so that T(3) generation could be assessed by radioimmunoassay. The effect of
      fasting could be prevented, wholly or in part, by administration of glucose in
      the drinking water to otherwise fasted animals, and the degree of prevention
      appeared to be proportional to the concentration of glucose employed. Diminished
      generation of T(3) from T(4) was similarly evident in the livers of animals with
      streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus, and this defect was overcome by the
      provision of insulin in vivo, but not in vitro. Decreased formation of T(3) from
      T(4) was also observed in preparations of liver from animals given dexamethasone,
      amiodarone, and propylthiouracil. In no case could these effects on the net
      formation of T(3) from T(4) be explained by effects of the experimental
      conditions on the degradation of the T(3) generated, as judged from the rate of
      degradation of exogenous (125)I-T(3) measured in parallel incubates. An analysis
      of the rate of disappearance of (125)I-T(4) from reaction mixtures in relation to
      the rate of appearance of (125)I-T(3) and (125)I-iodide was employed to estimate
      the activity of the 5-monodeiodinating pathway of T(4) metabolism that leads to
      the formation of 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (reverse T(3)). Such estimates
      indicated that reverse T(3) formation was actively proceeding in the preparations
      studied, was slightly enhanced by fasting, was unaffected by dexamethasone and
      amiodarone, and was markedly inhibited by propylthiouracil. In view of the
      similarities between the effect of these experimental manipulations on the
      generation of T(3) from T(4) by rat liver in vitro to their effects on the
      production rates and serum concentrations of T(3) in man, it is concluded that
      the rat liver system provides a suitable model for the study of factors that
      influence the conversion of T(4) to T(3) in man. In addition, the findings
      strongly indicate that this process, at least in the liver, is closely linked to
      the utilization of carbohydrate.

PMID- 670403
TI  - The metabolic response to hypocaloric protein diets in obese man.
AB  - Exogenous protein in the absence of other calories can cause protein-sparing, but
      the mechanisms involved are controversial. It has been postulated that low
      insulin and high fat-derived substrate levels are necessary and sufficient
      conditions for such protein-sparing. We therefore established such conditions
      with differing protocols of protein input to define the role of protein input in
      mediating the response. Three groups of obese, nondiabetic subjects received the
      following diets: (1) 82.5+/-1.0 g protein/day (400 cal/day) for 21 days, n = 7;
      (2) the same, but as a refeeding diet for 7 days after 21-28 days of total fasts,
      n = 7; and (3) commencing with the same input, but with daily stepwise decrements
      over 14 days to 19.4+/-2.2 g/day, then maintained an additional 7 days, n = 4.
      Diet 3 gave approximately the amount and pattern of protein lost during total
      fasting. The circulating hormone and substrate responses of diets 1 and 3 were
      comparable and resembled those of total fasts, in that plasma glucose and insulin
      fell and free fatty acids rose. Blood levels of alanine, pyruvate, and other
      glucogenic amino acids fell and blood levels of branched-chain amino acids rose
      transiently. Blood 3-hydroxybutyrate levels and urinary excretion were greater in
      diet 3 than diet 1, but less than in total fasting. Nitrogen balance in diet 1
      was transiently negative, but in equilibrium from 12 to 21 days. In diet 3, it
      was constantly negative at -6 g/day, the values also observed at 21 days of
      fasting. Mean 3-methylhistidine excretion decreased by 170 mumol/day in diet 1
      and 107 mumol/day in diet 3, reflecting decreased muscle protein catabolism. The
      refed, protein-depleted subjects, diet 2, showed an increase in plasma glucose
      without alteration in insulin levels. Free fatty acid and ketone body levels
      decreased to those of the steady state observed in diet 1. Glucogenic and
      branched-chain amino acids decreased transiently. Nitrogen balance became
      positive, and the low 3-methylhistidine excretion increased by 152 mumol/day. The
      differing responses of nitrogen balance could not be accounted for on the basis
      of levels of insulin or of fat-derived substrates. The primary determinants of
      the protein-sparing observed appeared to be the protein supply itself, and the
      magnitude of the decrease in endogenous protein catabolism. The positive balance
      on refeeding after prior depletion of protein stores was likely due to the
      exogenous supply, combined with decreased catabolism and considerably increased
      reutilization.

PMID- 670402
TI  - Responsiveness of neoplastic and hyperplastic parathyroid tissues to calcium in
      vitro.
AB  - Secretory and biosynthetic responses of adenomatous, carcinomatous, and
      hyperplastic parathyroid tissues to variable concentrations of extracellular
      calcium were assessed in vitro. Tissues, obtained at the time of
      parathyroidectomy, were incubated for 4 h in media containing radioactive amino
      acids and varying (0.5-5.0 mM) concentrations of calcium. Amounts of newly
      synthesized and total parathyroid hormone and proparathyroid hormone in extracts
      of tissues and media were measured by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by
      radioimmunoassay, respectively. All tissues studied (six adenomas, two specimens
      of chief-cell hyperplasia, one carcinoma, and normal bovine and human glands)
      responded to changes in calcium concentrations; decreasing concentrations of
      calcium stimulated release and decreased tissue storage of hormone. Six of the
      abnormal tissues required greater than normal concentrations of calcium (1.8-2.4
      mM for 50% of effect) to elicit secretory responses comparable with those of
      normal glands (1.4 mM). Maximum effects of calcium on release of hormone varied
      from 2- to 10-fold among different tissues. Release of some hormone persisted
      even in concentrations of calcium  as high as 5.0 mM. Relative amounts of hormone
      released from and retained in the tissues varied greatly among the tissues, as
      did the absolute amounts of hormone produced; newly synthesized, labeled hormone
      ranged between 0.6 and 12% of total labeled protein, and immunoreactive hormone
      ranged between 0.015 and 0.9% of total tissue protein. Effects of calcium on
      hormone biosynthesis, as determined by analyses of amounts of proparathyroid
      hormone in the tissues, were variable among tissues and in many cases were
      negligible. These results indicate that neoplastic and hyperplastic parathyroid
      tissues retain secretory responsiveness to changes in extracellular
      concentrations of calcium. Responses, however, are highly variable among
      different tissues, and in many instances are abnormal, inasmuch as greater than
      normal concentrations of calcium are required to alter release and synthesis of
      hormone. A combination of both increased mass of glandular tissue and abnormal
      regulations of hormone secretion appear to contribute to the hypersecretion of
      hyperparathyroidism.

PMID- 670404
TI  - Glucose disposal during insulinopenia in somatostatin-treated dogs. The roles of
      glucose and glucagon.
AB  - The first aim of this study was to determine whether the plasma glucose level can
      regulate hepatic glucose balance in vivo independent of its effects on insulin
      and glucagon secretion. To accomplish this, glucose was infused into conscious
      dogs whose basal insulin and glucagon secretion had been replaced by exogenous
      intraportal insulin and glucagon infusion after somatostatin inhibition of
      endogenous pancreatic hormone release. The acute induction of hyperglycemia (mean
      increment of 121 mg/dl) in the presence of basal levels of insulin (7+/-1 muU/ml)
      and glucagon (76+/-3 pg/ml) resulted in a 56% decrease in net hepatic glucose
      production but did not cause net hepatic glucose uptake. The second aim of the
      study was to determine whether a decrease in the plasma glucagon level would
      modify the effect of glucose on the liver. The above protocol was repeated with
      the exception that glucagon was withdrawn (83% decrease in plasma glucagon)
      coincident with the induction of hyperglycemia. Under this circumstance, with the
      insulin level basal (7+/-1 muU/ml) and the glucagon levels reduced (16+/-2
      pg/ml), hyperglycemia (mean increment of 130 mg/dl) promoted marked net hepatic
      glucose uptake (1.5+/-0.2 mg/kg per min) and glycogen deposition. In conclusion,
      (a) physiological increments in the plasma glucose concentration, independent of
      their effects on insulin and glucagon secretion, can significantly reduce net
      hepatic glucose production in vivo but at levels as high as 230 mg/dl cannot
      induce net hepatic glucose storage and (b) in the presence of basal insulin the
      ability of hyperglycemia to stimulate net hepatic glucose storage is influenced
      by the plasma glucagon concentration.

PMID- 670405
TI  - Analysis of linkage between the major histocompatibility system and juvenile,
      insulin-dependent diabetes in multiplex families. Reanalysis of data.
AB  - Linkage analysis between the major histocompatibility system (HLA) and juvenile,
      insulin-dependent diabetes, assuming an autosomal recessive mode and 50%
      penetrance was performed on 21 juvenile, insulin-dependent diabetic multiplex
      families (two or more diabetics per sibship) with phenotypically normal parents.
      The total lod score was the highest (3.98) at a recombination fraction of 13%.
      For a penetrance of 100%, the highest total lod score was 2.92 at a recombination
      fraction of 18%. These results are compatible with the existence of linkage
      between an autosomal recessive diabetic gene with 50% penetrance and the HLA in
      some of the families studied. Our ascertainment strategy would be expected to
      increase the likelihood of selecting for genetically homogenous diabetes and
      against sporadic forms of the disease. Thus, our findings may apply only to a
      small proportion of all cases of juvenile, insulin-dependent diabetes.

PMID- 670406
TI  - Measurement of total haemolytic complement activity in body fluids.
AB  - The measurement of total haemolytic complement is of diagnostic value in the
      rheumatic diseases. A method which is easier to perform than that of Kabat and
      Mayer (Experimental Immunochemistry, 2nd ed., Thomas, Springfield, Ill.) is
      described. A unit based on the mean value of the complement activities of normal
      sera is proposed to replace CH50 units. Other steps by which standardisation of
      the assay may be improved are suggested.

PMID- 670407
TI  - Determination of antibiotic sensitivities by the Sensititre system.
AB  - The Sensititre system provides antibiotics dried in microtitre trays in
      appropriate concentrations for the determination of minimum inhibitory
      concentrations (MIC) when organisms are added in liquid culture medium and
      incubated overnight. Results with a variety of media--for Gram-negative bacilli
      tested with ampicillin, carbenicillin, cephaloridine, and gentamicin,
      staphylococci with penicillin, cloxacillin, fusidic acid, and gentamicin, and
      streptococci with penicillin, ampicillin, cephaloridine, and erythromycin--were
      usually very similar to those of agar dilution tests. Discrepant results are
      found in a few situations, and in some cases, especially those involving
      borderline resistance to fusidic acid and gentamicin among staphylococci and Gram
      negative bacilli, we have been unable to suggest modfication to produce the right
      results. Despite these problems, fortunately few and identifiable, we recommend
      the system especially for use in laboratories that determine the MICs
      infrequently.

PMID- 670408
TI  - An assessment of the Sensititre method for determining minimum inhibitory and
      bactericidal concentrations.
AB  - Minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of various antibiotics were
      determined for 90 strains of five organisms by Sensititre and compared with those
      obtained by conventional methods. Results by both methods corrleated well. The
      advantages and limitations of Sensititre are discussed.

PMID- 670409
TI  - Phagocytosis and killing of staphylococci by human polymorphonuclear and
      mononuclear leucocytes.
AB  - The phagocytosis and killing of 3H-thymidine-labelled Staphylococcus aureus by
      polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs) and monocytes (MNs) obtained from 50 health
      donors were evaluated. In addition, extracellular factors that might influence
      phagocytosis and killing were studied. The method described gave highly
      reproducible results. No significant difference was observed in the phagocytic
      and killing functions of a single donor's PMNs and MNs when studied several times
      in one day and longitudinally over a period of 1-12 weeks for six donors tested.
      Likewise, no signigicant difference in uptake and killing was observed when
      bacteria were opsonised with sera from 11 different normal donors. When Staph.
      aureus opsonised with normal serum was added to the leucocytes in a ratio of 10
      bacteria: 1 leucocyte, the uptake by PMNs and MNs from 50 donors after 20
      minutes' incubation was 85% +/- 7 standard deviation (SD) (range 75-98%) and 69%
      +/- 11 SD (range 54-90%), respectively. The rate of uptake by MNs in the first
      three minutes of the assay period was only 60% of that by PMNs.

PMID- 670410
TI  - Serum immunoglobulin concentrations before and after splenectomy in patients with
      homozygous beta-thalassaemia.
AB  - Serum IgM, IgA, and IgG concentrations were measured in 19 patients suffering
      from blood-dependent homozygous beta-thalassaemia. The study was prospective and
      the same patients served as presplenectomy controls. IgG levels rose rapidly and
      continuously after splenectomy IgA levels also rose but not so sharply. IgM fell
      to low levelr pattern was found in the cross-sectional part of the study
      comprising 39 splenectomised and 51 non-splenectomised patients who were tested
      once.

PMID- 670411
TI  - Cytological basis of histological typing of diffuse Hodgkin's disease.
      Demonstration of an implied misnomer in the terminology of the Rye
      classification.
AB  - Differential cell counts were made on nine lymph nodes whose structure was
      replaced by diffuse Hodgkin's disease; two of these nodes had the classical
      histological appearance of the lymphocytic predominance subtype, four of the
      mixed cellularity subtype, and three of the lymphocytic depletion subtype. Our
      attempts to achieve valid sampling methods are recorded. The counts, in general,
      confirm the postulated histological basis of the Rye classification of the
      subtypes of the diffuse disease. The major discrepancy is that, contrary to the
      histological descriptions, our direct counts have shown that lymphocytes, are, in
      general, more numerous in the lymphocytic depletion than in the mixed cellularity
      subtypes. The cell counts also show that normal mononuclear cells (mainly
      fibroblasts and macrophage-type cells) are much more numerous in the mixed
      cellularity subtype than in the other forms of diffuse Hodgkin's disease; this
      feature has not been emphasised in the Rye classification. On the basis of our
      differential counts, a hypothesis is proposed that could explain the natural
      history of the different subtypes of diffuse Hodgkin's disease as the resultant
      of three processes: (a) tumour aggressiveness, (b) specific cell-mediated
      immunological reactions, and (c) non-immunological stromal responses.

PMID- 670412
TI  - A case of Lennert's lymphoma.
AB  - A 73-year-old man who presented with a tonsillar mass and generalised
      lymphadenopathy died two months after admission to hospital. The appearances in
      the surgical biopsy material resembled those of Lennert's lymphoma, while the
      necropsy findings were those of a diffuse lymphocytic lymphoma composed mainly of
      cells with small nuclei showing only slight irregularity. The implication of
      these findings in relation to the nature of Lennert's lymphoma are briefly
      discussed.

PMID- 670413
TI  - Overlap in the spectrum of non-specific inflammatory bowel disease--'colitis
      indeterminate'.
AB  - It is stated that 10-20% of cases of non-specific inflammatory bowel disease
      cannot be classified. Thirty such cases, designated colitis indeterminate at the
      time of colectomy, were identified from the pathology files of St. Mark's
      Hospital. The Histopathological features of the surgical specimens and any
      available biopsy specimens were studied. In nearly all the cases urgent surgery
      had been required and the features of incipient or established fulminating
      disease were present. The pathology of these cases of Crohn's disease and
      ulcerative colitis overlapped, and differentiating features were scant or
      unreliable. Accepted criteria of Crohn's disease--namely, fissuring ulceration,
      transmural inflammation, and a maintained goblet-cell population--were found in
      cases subsequently proved to be ulcerative colitis. Disease activity greatly
      affected the evaluation of morphological features. Many of the difficulties were
      resolved when biopsy material obtained during a quiescent phase was examined. The
      specimens gave a dynamic perspective of the disease process, often more valuable
      than the static, non-specific picture of acute disease seen in the surgical
      specimens. Case of colitis indeterminate form a small distinctive group in the
      spectrum of inflammatory bowel disease which is characterised by a common pattern
      of pathology that presents a diagnostic dilemma.

PMID- 670414
TI  - Use of a mucolytic agent (Cytoclair) in the preparation of cell material for the
      detection of malignant cells in sputum.
AB  - A mucolytic agent, methyl cysteine HC1 (Cytoclair), has been used to obtain a
      centrifuged cell deposit for the detection of malignant cells in sputum. In 178
      sputum samples from 52 patients with primary lung cancer there was a slightly
      higher rate of detection with the mucolytic method than with the routine method:
      54 positives from 27 patients compared with 48 positives from 24 patients.
      Morphological studies using the mucolytic agent indicated that a millipore filter
      with fixation of cells in suspension produces a satisfactory cell preparation and
      is valuable in certain problem cases.

PMID- 670415
TI  - Rapid acetoacetate analysis on the LKB 8600 Reaction Rate Analyser.

PMID- 670416
TI  - A histological comparison of adenomatous and hyperplastic parathyroid glands.
AB  - The histological findings in 18 cases of parathyroid hyperplasia associated with
      chronic renal failure and haemodialysis have been compared with a series of 35
      cases of primary adenomatous hyperparathyroidism. Analysis of several features
      suggests that there are no definite criteria for distinguishing microscopically
      between individual enlarged glands in primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism,
      although nuclear pleomorphism is more common in primary adenoma and nodules are
      more common in secondary hyperplasia. These findings are discussed.

PMID- 670417
TI  - Myometrial vascular damage after surgical sterilisation by tubal diathermy.
AB  - Vascular damage is described in the myometrium adjacent to areas of previous
      tubal diathermy for sterilisation. Elastosis, different in degree from that seen
      in the multiparous uterus, is most common, but more striking is medial arteriolar
      muscle loss with microaneurysm formation and occasional rupture.

PMID- 670418
TI  - Further characterisation of a spontaneously occurring antibasement membrane
      antibody.
AB  - A spontaneously occurring antibasement membrane antibody has been further
      characterised according to antigenic specificity, immunoglobulin class, and
      tissue localisation using immunofluorescent and immunoelectron microscopic
      techniques. The autoantibody reacted with the basement membrane of kidney
      tubules, Bowman's capsule, and the epithelial portion of ileum but not with the
      basement membrane of skin, cornea, glomerulus, or oesophagus. It also reacted
      with bile canaliculi, sarcolemmal sheath, and salivary duct. On electron
      microscopy the antibody was distributed along the basement membrane of Bowman's
      capsule and renal tubules. Some reactivity against collagen was observed.
      Antibody activity was found in both IgG and IgM fractions. In immunodeficiency
      disorders, the autoantibody was found only in patients with selective IgA
      deficiency.

PMID- 670419
TI  - Output of peritoneal cells during peritoneal dialysis.
AB  - Peritoneal dialysis provides a good source for the collection of macrophages. Six
      patients with chronic renal failure undergoing peritoneal dialysis for the first
      time were studied, and maximum cell egress, mostly macrophages, occurred at 24-48
      hours and diminished after 48 hours.

PMID- 670420
TI  - Blood cells and alcohol consumption with special reference to smoking habits.
AB  - In the course of the Paris study on risk factors of cardiovascular disease in a
      large professional group, 7710 active and apparently healthy men aged between 48
      and 54 were examined. This study measured the relationship between clinical
      abnormalities suggesting alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and the following blood
      parameters: white (WBC) and red (RBC) blood cell counts, haematocrit (H), and
      mean corpuscular volume (MCV), the former computed as H/RBC ratio. A subsequent
      analysis was performed on a random sample of 485 subjects without ALD who were
      questioned on their daily average alcohol consumption. Each subject was
      classified as ;smoker' or ;non-smoker' according to his daily tobacco consumption
      for the last five years. Analysis of the data confirmed that smoking and alcohol
      were related to the blood parameters; but, according to smoking habit, different
      relationships between alcohol consumption (or ALD) and MCV, RBC, or WBC counts
      were found: for smokers, RBC count significantly decreased and MCV increased with
      alcohol consumption (or ALD); for non-smokers, WBC count significantly increased
      with alcohol consumption (or ALD). So, it would be of interest to consider the
      relation between alcohol and tobacco in interpreting possible changes in blood
      parameters and in formulating hypotheses on the mechanisms of their specific
      action.

PMID- 670421
TI  - Specific and non-specific folate binding protein in normal and malignant human
      tissues.
AB  - Binding of tritiated folic acid by supernatants prepared from extracts of normal
      and leukaemic leucocytes, normal mucosa, and malignant tumours from different
      parts of the gastrointestinal tract has been measured using Sephadex-gel
      filtration and albumin-coated charcoal techniques. Non-specific binding (measured
      by Sephadex G-75 gel filtration) was almost invariably greater than specific
      binding measured by albumin-coated charcoal separation of bound and unbound
      folate. In nine normal leucocyte extracts, binding measured by Sephadex G-75
      filtration ranged from 1.3 to 18.2 (mean 8.2) pg/mg protein and by albumin-coated
      charcoal from 1.0 to 14.8 (mean 6.7) pg/mg protein. Raised specific binding was
      found in the extracts from leucocytes of eight of 14 patients with chronic
      granulocytic leukaemia, in four substantially so (389, 121, 108, 59.7 pg/mg
      protein), but was only marginally increased in one of eight cases of acute
      myeloid leukaemia and in two of five cases of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.
      Binding was normal in the extracts of all three cases of acute lymphoblastic
      leukaemia tested. Among the tissues of the gastrointestinal tract binding was
      greatest by the duodenal mucosa and liver. Extracts of carcinoma of the stomach
      and colon bound greater amounts of (3)H-folic acid than the corresponding normal
      mucosal extracts but the differences were not large. Sephadex G-200 gel
      chromatography showed more than one binding peak in the extracts of liver and
      duodenum but only one peak in the other tissues of the gastrointestinal tract,
      and only one peak, of molecular weight either about 50 000 or over 200 000, in
      the leucocyte extracts.

PMID- 670422
TI  - Urinary free corticosteroid excretion and renal function.
AB  - Theoretically urinary free corticosteroid excretion should be affected by renal
      function and this would make it a less sensitive index of hypercortisolaemia. In
      28 consecutive urine samples there was a clear relationship (r = 0.83; P less
      than 0.001) over a range of creatinine clearances 0.3-200 ml/min. Although an
      allowance could be made for renal function this would not necessarily improve the
      discrimination of normal from abnormal. Until data comparing corrected to
      uncorrected urinary free corticosteroid excretion become available, we recommend
      a short dexamethasone test as the initial investigation in patients with
      suspected hypercortisolaemia and abnormal plasma creatinine concentrations.

PMID- 670423
TI  - A computer-assisted bacteriology reporting and information system.
AB  - A computer system for reporting and recording all specimens processed by the
      routine bacteriology laboratory at the Royal Postgraduate Medical School is
      described. Features of interest are the method of input using a mixture of 3
      character alphanumeric codes and numbers, cumulative reporting to the wards, and
      selective listing of relevant previous results for the patient, which is
      available to technical and supervisory staff during processing of the specimen.
      The relative value to the wards and the laboratory of each type of information
      transfer has been assessed. Overall the use of a computer has resulted in higher
      quality bench work and more accurate reporting. It seems little more expensive
      than a previous manual system, although it has transferred work from the
      technical to the clerical staff.

PMID- 670425
TI  - A cerebrospinal fluid leucocidin in pyogenic meningitis.
AB  - Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were tested for their cytotoxicity to
      polymorphonuclear neutrophil leucocytes (PMN) using a 51Cr release assay. Most
      samples from patients with pyogenic meningitis damaged PMN while normal CSF
      samples did not. No difference was found between the cytotoxic activity of CSF
      from patients with pneumococcal meningitis and from patients with meningococcal
      meningitis. It is, therefore, unlikely that a CSF leucocidin plays an important
      part in producing the high mortality of pneumococcal meningitis.

PMID- 670424
TI  - Viral antigens and antibodies in hepatitis B infection.
AB  - Hepatitis B virus antigens and antibodies were detected in the sera of acute and
      persistently infected patients. Evidence of active virus replication was confined
      to immediately before or during the initial detection of hepatitis B surface
      antigen during acute hepatitis B. Hepatitis B core antibody appeared during the
      period of antigenaemia and preceded recovery. Hepatitis B e antigen was dound in
      a proportion of sera which contained significant levels of virus particles. In
      contrast, all sera containing hepatitis B virus particles from persistently
      infected patients treated by maintenance haemodialysis also contained the e
      antigen. Among a group of 50 persistent carriers of hepatitis B virus,
      significant levels of virus production occurred in the presence of antibody to e
      antigen. In addition, evidence of exposure to hepatitis B virus was found among
      3% of blood donors in whose sera the surface antigen was not detected by
      radioimmunoassay. The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to
      the aetiology of hepatitis type B.

PMID- 670426
TI  - A pH stat for carbon dioxide incubator control.

PMID- 670427
TI  - Synergy between sulphonamides and trimethoprim in the presence of pus.

PMID- 670428
TI  - Early detection of folic acid deficiency in elderly patients.

PMID- 670429
TI  - Chlorthalidone-induced syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic
      hormone.
AB  - A 60-year-old woman who had been instructed to increase her water intake because
      of nephrolithiasis developed the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of
      antidiuretic hormone when treated with chlorthalidone for mild hypertension.
      Serum osmolality was 235 mOsm/kg with concomitant urine osmolality of 490
      mOsm/kg. When serum sodium decreased to 110 mEq/liter, plasma antidiuretic
      hormone (ADH) was elevated at 30 pg/ml. The syndrome resolved when chlorthalidone
      was discontinued together with fluid intake restriction. Plasma ADH returned to
      normal (less than 0.5 pg/ml) after three days of treatment. The favorable outcome
      in this patient is attributed to early recognition of the syndrome, which might
      occur even with nonthiazide diuretics such as chlorthalidone.

PMID- 670430
TI  - Syntax influences the accuracy of consonant production in language-disordered
      children.
AB  - Nine children with restricted syntactic and phonological development repeated 20
      target consonants embbedded in noun phrase, simple declarative, and passive
      structures to determine the influence of syntactic complexity on accuracy of
      consonant production. The children made significantly more errors in the sentence
      contexts than in the noun phrase context. This was found for both early
      developing and late-developing consonants. However, the ratio of the number of
      distinctive feature modifications to the number of consonant errors showed that
      segmental errors were not produced as less exact approximations of the target
      consonants. Instead, the children simply made more errors of a predictable type,
      suggesting that the effect of syntax on accuracy of consonant production is
      quantitative rather than qualitative.

PMID- 670431
TI  - Effects of patient characteristics on delivery of token test commands by
      experienced and inexperienced examiners.

PMID- 670432
TI  - Testing for a specific syntactic structure.
AB  - Nine language delayed children who had failed the "is interrogative" test item on
      the Programmed Conditioning for Language Test served as subjects. A comparison
      was made of subjects' syntactic performance on six language tasks designed by the
      investigators to elicit the "is interrogative" structure. These tasks ranged
      along an imitative-to-spontaneous continuum demonstrating varying degrees of
      communicative intention, presence or absence of contextual referents, and varying
      levels of task structure. Analyses indicated all nine subjects produced complete
      grammatical "is interrogative" utterances on one or more of the language tasks.
      The most effective tasks for eliciting the specific structure were those that
      required communicative intention, included specific contextual referents, and
      provided a relatively structured situation. The direct imitative task was less
      effective, although it elicited more correct productions than the spontaneous
      language sampling task. However, the relative eliciting potential of each task
      was not the same for each child. Theoretical and clinical implications of these
      findings are discussed.

PMID- 670433
TI  - The effects of pause time on auditory comprehension of language-disordered
      children.
AB  - Language-disordered children were presented with two types of commands in a
      sentence comprehension task. One 3-sec pause was placed at the same syntactic
      boundary in one-half of the sentences in Set I and Set II. Results indicate that
      the subjects' performance improved as a function of the pause in Sentence Set II
      but not in Sentence Set I.

PMID- 670434
TI  - Discrimination of speech intensity differences via vibrotactile stimulation.
AB  - This study investigated vibrotactile difference limen judgments for intensity
      using certain speech signals as stimuli. The variables under investigation were
      those of stimulus presentation level, direction of intensity increment or
      decrement within each paired-comparison stimulus complex, and the spectral
      composition of the speech signals. The results indicate that the level of
      stimulus presentation did not affect difference limen decisions among any of the
      sensation levels utilized. The largest most consistent effect upon difference
      limen judgments was in the direction of intensity change. The difference limen
      judgments were smaller when the second stimulus of the pair was of less intensity
      than the first. There was no effect upon difference limen decision as the result
      of stimuli having different spectral compositions.

PMID- 670435
TI  - On the comprehension of questions by nonspeaking children.
AB  - The question form presents both a semantic and linguistic problem to deaf and
      other language impaired children. The wh question requires a pronominal reference
      system to be well-established before the wh question can be comprehended and
      produced. The present study describes the language competence of a deaf,
      partially sighted girl who acquired language by reading it. This child neither
      hears nor speaks. Communication with her family was accomplished by writing in
      her hand, gestures, and pictures. The present study explores pronominal reference
      in relation to wh questions. A method of teaching was devised to establish a
      system of pronominal reference, which enabled this adolescent girl to comprehend
      and produce wh questions.

PMID- 670436
TI  - Two unusual Sertoli cell tumours in dogs.

PMID- 670437
TI  - Neural changes in calves intravaginally inoculated with infectious bovine
      rhinotracheitis virus.

PMID- 670438
TI  - Neural changes in calves after intraconjunctival inoculation with infectious
      bovine rhinotracheitis virus.

PMID- 670439
TI  - Production of extracellular antigen in culture supernate by Haemophilus
      gallinarum.

PMID- 670440
TI  - Enzootic ataxia in lambs: absence of detectable neuronal pathology in foetal and
      neonatal spinal cord.

PMID- 670441
TI  - The pathogenesis of experimental intra-ruminal infections of cows with Salmonella
      dublin.

PMID- 670442
TI  - Reactions of splenectomized calves to the inoculation of blood containing Babesia
      divergens from an infected animal during its reaction and carrier phases.

PMID- 670443
TI  - Toxicity of Acanthospermum hispidum to mice.

PMID- 670445
TI  - Broad specificity of gastrointestinal antibodies following vaccination of piglets
      with a porcine enterovirus.

PMID- 670444
TI  - Adverse effects on health of including high levels of dried poultry waste in the
      diets of lambs.

PMID- 670446
TI  - Isolation of Neisseria ovis from an aborted bovine foetus.

PMID- 670447
TI  - Induction of pneumonia in mice with Pasteurella haemolytica.

PMID- 670448
TI  - Intensity coding in the transient portion of the rat chorda tympani response.
AB  - For assessment of the relative importance of the transient and steady state
      components of the chorda tympani response to intensity coding of gustatory
      stimuli, the rat's ability to discriminate aversive solutions following
      adaptation was compared with changes in the neural response also resulting from
      adaptation. A taste aversion was conditioned to .9% NaCl, and subsequent
      acceptance of several NaCl concentrations (range: .1%-1.5%) was tested following
      infusion of 1 ml of adapting solution (H2O or .1%, .9%, or 1.5% NaCl) through an
      intra-oral cannula. Adaptation significantly decreased gustatory intensity
      discrimination and decreased the magnitude of the transient portion of the chorda
      tympani response. The degree of reduction in transient magnitude correlated
      significantly with reduced discrimination in all adapting conditions. However,
      the magnitude of the steady state response negatively correlated with
      discrimination. These data suggest that gustatory intensity discrimination
      depends upon information contained in the transient portion of the neural
      response and that the transient is necessary as well as sufficient for taste
      intensity discrimination.

PMID- 670449
TI  - Abdominal vagotomy disrupts food-related drinking in the rat.
AB  - Rats with complete subdiaphragmatic bilateral transection of the abdominal vagus
      (Vgx-C) showed disordered food-related drinking when drinking water in temporal
      association with a meal of dry food after 5-hr food deprivation and when drinking
      water in association with a liquid meal after 24-hr food deprivation. The Vgx-C
      rats drank after significantly longer latencies and drank significantly less
      water in 1 hr than did sham-vagotomized (Sham) rats after eating the same size
      meal (solid or liquid) as Shams. Rats with incomplete vagal transection (Vgx-I)
      ate and drank like Shams. Water intake of Sham and Vgx-I rats correlated
      positively with the meal size of solid food, but the water intake of Vgx-C rats
      did not. The failure of Vgx-C rats to drink water normally when food was ingested
      was not due to failure of a food stimulus to reach the intestine, because Vgx-C
      and Sham rats emptied equivalent volumes of liquid food from the stomach into the
      intestine within 10 min of food entering the stomach. These results indicate that
      the abdominal vagus is an important neurological substrate for food-related
      drinking in the rat.

PMID- 670450
TI  - Antidipsogenic role of the E-prostaglandins.
AB  - Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) is antidipsogenic when administered into the lateral
      cerebral ventricle of the rat. In these experiments PGE1, at a dose of 1
      microgram, suppressed water intake induced by centrally administered angiotensin
      II (AII) or carbachol, subcutaneously administered polyethylene glycol, and water
      deprivation. Even at this high dose, PGE1 did not reduce water intake due to
      cellular dehydration. As the dose of PGE1 was reduced, its suppressant effects
      became more specific to AII-induced drinking, with a dose of 10 ng yielding a
      significant suppression only in the case of AII-induced drinking. Even at a high
      dose (1 microgram), the PGE1 suppression of ingestion was specific to water
      intake. Although PGE1-treated rats reduced food intake if they were not hydrated
      prior to access to food, no reduction in food intake was seen when they received
      water by gavage before food presentation. Since PGE-like substances are
      synthesized in the brain, these data suggest the possibility that the
      prostaglandin may be involved in the regulation of water balance as a component
      of a reciprocal system in which water intake initiated by the activation of the
      renin-angiotensin system is halted by the synthesis and release of PGE.

PMID- 670451
TI  - Huddling by rat pups: multisensory control of contact behavior.
AB  - Huddling, or clumping behavior, begins in the litter situation and persists
      throughout the adult life of the rat (Rattus norvegicus). In pups, as in adults,
      the behavior provides a metabolically important means of reducing heat loss. The
      sensory stimuli that elicit, direct, and maintain huddling in developing rat pups
      (5-20 days of age) were studied in a standardized testing situation by using long
      term time-lapse video observations. All pups huddled with a single, immobile
      sibling. A loop of warm tubing also elicited huddline. However, it appears that
      other, nonthermal cues can elicit huddling, since a dead, ambient-temperature pup
      was a sufficient stimulus for the behavior. Disruption of normal olfactory input
      by intranasal infusion of zinc sulfate interfered with the maintenance of
      contact. In addition, two kinds of tactile stimulus, vertical contours and furry
      "comfort" cues, as well as photic responses appeared to participate in the
      mediation of huddling. Huddling in the altricial rat is under multisensory
      control, although the number of cues used by pups for huddling appears to
      increase with age.

PMID- 670452
TI  - Huddling by rat pups: group behavioral mechanisms of temperature regulation and
      energy conservation.
AB  - Body heat loss was attenuated and oxygen consumption was reduced by huddling in
      litters of developing rats. Rat pups derive physiological benefits from huddling
      similar to those enjoyed by adult mammals; these findings contrast with previous
      characterization of the altricial rat as poikilothermic. Huddling insulates by
      lessening the explosed body surface area of the participants, thus retarding heat
      loss and enhancing the efficiency of thermogenesis. These physical mechanisms of
      the clump are actively regulated by the pups. A novel quantitative measure of
      huddle size revealed a form of group regulatory behavior in rat pups whereby the
      surface expanded and contracted with increases and decreases in ambient
      temperature. The individual basis of this group regulatory activity was
      investigated by marking individual pups and observing them in huddles by means of
      time-lapse videography. It was found that individual animals circulate throught
      the huddle, frequently exchanging locations in the group. By studying the huddle
      positions of an anesthetized pup and a marked control sibling, dynamics of the
      pup flow were clarified. Ordinarily, the direction of movement was actively
      downward, into the pile; immobile pups "floated" on the surface. When the nest
      temperature was raised to thermoneutral, the direction of pup flow reversed and
      an immobile animal sank to the depths of the huddle. Through individual
      competitive adjustments the huddle behaves as a self-regulating unit which
      provides warmth and insulation to all its active members.

PMID- 670453
TI  - Extent of recovery from neonatal damage to the cortical visual system in cats.
AB  - Cats that received either marginal or marginal plus extramarginal lesions as 3
      day-old kittens were assessed on a series of tests of visually guided behavior.
      These cats were not conspicuously different from normal controls in avoiding
      obstacles or in activity level. Yet these same operated cats were severely
      impaired in performance on the visual cliff and in visual discrimination
      learning, even when the lesions were limited to the geniculocortical portion of
      the visual system. However, maximum losses in pattern and form discrimination
      learning were observed only in cats with severe retrograde degeneration in both
      the lateral geniculate nucleus and the complex of the pulvinar and nucleus
      lateralis posterior. Photically evoked potentials were recorded in the lateral
      regions of the neocortex more reliably from operated cats that had made fewer
      errors in discrimination learning than from more severely debilitated cases; this
      relation was present even among cases with nearly equivalent amounts of
      retrograde degeneration in the visual thalamus. These findings suggest that in
      the cat (a) recovery of vision is incomplete after neonatal lesions of the visual
      cortex and (b) a cortical system lateral to the geniculocortical projections may
      be involved in pattern vision.

PMID- 670454
TI  - Relation of albinism and drugs to the visual evoked potential of the mouse.
AB  - The individual and combined influences of pentobarbital and chlorprothixene on
      the early components of the cortical visual evoked potential (VEP) were examined
      in the C57BL/6 mouse. Pentobarbital produced a large increase in latency, and
      chlorprothixene resulted in a smaller latency increase. When these agents were
      combined, their effects on the VEP latency were antagonistic. The effects of
      pentobarbital on VEP amplitude varied as a function of flash intensity, and this
      barbiturate anesthetic also produced qualitative VEP waveform changes. When the
      congenic albino (c/c) C57BL/6 was compared with the black (+/+) C57BL/6 mouse;
      pentobarbital anesthesia produced a decrease of latency with increasing stimulus
      intensity only in the c/c genotype, whereas VEP amplitudes were similarly
      affected by pentobarbital in both genotypes.

PMID- 670455
TI  - Disappearance of hoarding and disorganization of eating behavior after ventral
      mesencephalic tegmentum lesions in rats.
AB  - The effects of ventral mesencephalic tegmentum (VMT) radio-frequency lessions on
      spontaneous and complex behaviors, such as food hoarding and alimentary patterns,
      were investigated. Activity measures indicated that VMT lesions increased
      horizontal activity in a circular corridor as well as in an open field whereas
      vertical activity (rearing) was decreased. After 12 hr of food deprivation, food
      hoarding and alimentary patterns were evaluated in a square open field to which
      rats had free access from their home cage. Control rats hoarded food and had
      organized feeding behavior, but experimental rats did not hoard. Moreover,
      increasing the open-field illumination did not reverse this deficit. Similarly,
      the VMT lesion induced disruption of the adaptative alimentary behavior in
      response to food deprivation. A strong correlation was observed between hoarding
      scores and the extent of locomotor hyperactivity. These results are discussed in
      terms of a possible implication of limbic-midbrain mechanisms in which the meso
      cortico-limbic dopaminergic A10 neurons originating in the VMT might have a
      primary role.

PMID- 670456
TI  - Effects of context manipulation on memory and reversal learning in rats with
      hippocampal lesions.
AB  - In Experiment 1, groups of hippocampal and control rats learned a simultaneous
      discrimination habit and were subsequently tested for its retention under
      variable contextual conditions. All groups recalled the discrimination response
      to an equally high level when testing conditions were constant throughout, but
      the hippocampal group showed impaired memory when contextual stimuli at recall
      testing did not conform to those of original learning. Experiment 2 indicated
      that the hippocampal impairment was not simply the result of introducing novel
      stimuli. In Experimental 3, animals were administered a reversal learning task
      with contextual stimuli varied between the two tests. The typically observed
      impairment of hippocampal animals on this task was reduced by contrasting
      contextual conditions. The data are seen to support a contex-tetrieval
      interpretation of hippocampal function.

PMID- 670457
TI  - Emerging cholinergic mechanisms and ontogeny of response inhibition in the mouse.
AB  - Mice, 7, 11, 15, 19, and 85-115 (adult) days of age, served as subjects in
      experiments assessing effects of anticholinergics on the development of
      behavioral inhibition. The centrally active anticholinergic scopolamine produced
      a dose-dependent elevation in locomotor activity in 19-day-old and adult mice.
      Acquisition and retention of a step-off passive avoidance response (PAR) was
      initially studied in nondrugged subjects. Mice as young as 7 days of age learned
      and retained the PAR for 1 hr. Twenty-four-hour savings, however, were not
      observed until 19 days of age. Simple PAR performance deficits following
      scopolamine injection were first seen at 15 days of age. Mice in those age groups
      exhibiting 24-hr retention (19-day-olds and adults) were used to assess carry
      over effects of scopolamine on retest. Only in the case of juveniles did
      scopolamine, injected prior to training, disrupt 24-hr retest performance. Since
      methylscopolamine, a peripherally active anticholinergic, had no effect on
      activity and PAR performance, it is assumed that scopolamine's effects were of
      central origin. The results suggest that behavioral suppression comes under
      cholinergic control during the second and third postnatal weeks but that
      cholinergic mechanisms may not mediate response inhibition uniformly throughout
      development.

PMID- 670458
TI  - Osmoregulatory thirst in rats after lateral preoptic lesions.
AB  - In confirmation of previous observations, lesions of the lateral preoptic area in
      rats abolished water ingestion during a 4-hr test following an intraperitoneal
      injection of hypertonic NaCl solution. However, it was observed that these
      animals increased their water intakes when tests were prolonged to 24 hr and
      drank almost exactly what they needed for osmoregulation. Furthermore, they
      increased their water intakes normally when NaCl was given in their diet, when
      NaCl was administered intravenously, or when they were water deprived and given
      preloads of isotonic saline to remove hypovolemia. These findings indicate that
      rats with lateral preoptic lesions do experience osmoregulatory thirst, and
      consequently, they raise new doubts about whether osmoreceptors located in the
      lateral preoptic area mediate thirst following the administration of osmotic
      loads.

PMID- 670459
TI  - Garter snake trailing behavior: effects of varying prey-extract concentration and
      mode of prey-extract presentation.
AB  - In a multiple-choice maze, garter snakes were trained to follow earthworm-extract
      trails for worm bit rewards. In Experiment 1, they were tested for their
      abilities fo follow extract trails that had been dried or extract trails that
      were removed from direct lingual access by a perforated floor. Snakes were able
      to follow the dry trails and unable to follow removed trails. In Experiment 2,
      snakes were tested for their behavioral responses to different concentrations of
      extract trails. Snakes trailed more accurately, moved more slowly, and exhibited
      much higher tongue flick rates on the intense concentration trails. The results
      are interpreted in terms of the assumption that effective trails are perceived by
      the tongue flick delivery of odorants to the vomeronasal organs.

PMID- 670460
TI  - Computer assisted tomography of normal suprarenal glands.
AB  - The anatomy of 60 right and 80 left normal suprarenal (adrenal) glands in 90
      patients was studied. In the transaxial view, the glands have a triradiate shape,
      which varies on serial sections. The medial posterior limbs of each gland were
      visualized on the more cranial sections. The transaxial positions of the glands
      are related to the vertebrae and, on the left side, to the aorta and kidney, in
      accordance with known anatomical associations. The cranio-caudal positions of the
      glands have been defined by using the kidney as a "renal ruler". The right gland
      lies cranial to the anterior and medial renal margin, and it extends dorsally
      beyond the vertebral body in 18% of the right glands studied. The left gland lies
      anterior to the upper renal pole. The ease with which the glands were shown in
      detail by computer assisted tomography (CAT) contrasts with other methods of
      demonstration, namely, retroperitoneal pneumography, angiography, and venography.
      The difficulties of visualizing the glands with CAT are discussed and
      illustrated. The findings are used to suggest guidelines for conventional
      tomography.

PMID- 670461
TI  - A method for correcting bone induced artifacts in computed tomography scanners.
AB  - A method that corrects for artifacts in X-ray transmission scanners created by
      the alteration of the energy spectrum by bone is described. The method involves
      two reconstructions of the pictures: the first establishes the approximate
      distribution of bone and the second enables the artifacts to be eliminated. The
      first reconstruction is needed to establish the total amount of bone along each
      ray. Assuming that the X-ray energy spectrum is known, it is shown how the line
      integrals can be corrected. The method was tested on several mathematical
      phantoms as well as on human head data. The nonlinear nature of the spectral
      artifacts is shown to produce streaks in certain phantoms.

PMID- 670462
TI  - Anthropomorphic phantoms for computed tomography scanner performance evaluation.
AB  - Phantom simulating materials and geometries encountered in computed tomography of
      the head and body have been constructed. They permit the quantitative study of
      artifactual behavior as well as low contrast detectability and spatial resolution
      of a computed tomography (CT) scanner. These phantoms may be useful in
      comparative evaluation of CT performance and in quality control programs.

PMID- 670463
TI  - Adrenal cortical tumors with low attenuation coefficients: a pitfall in computed
      tomography diagnosis.
AB  - Four cases of adrenal tumors with unusually low attenuation coefficients are
      reported. The tumors presented with values ranging from 8 to 17 EMI units (EU:
      500 scale) instead of the expected 30 to 40 EU range of the remainder of our
      adrenal tumors. Two of these patients had primary aldosteronism and two had
      Cushing's syndrome. An unusually high lipid content may be responsible for the
      lucent appearance.

PMID- 670464
TI  - The base of the skull: a comparison of computed and conventional tomography.
AB  - The diagnostic information obtained from 35 examinations of the skull base by
      computed tomography (CT) was compared with the findings furnished by conventional
      or blurring tomography (BT). Computed tomography yielded diagnostically valuable
      information not only on the soft tissues but also on the bony structures.
      Compared with BT, CT was superior in 40%, equivalent in 40%, and inferior in 20%
      of the cases in assessing pathological findings involving the bony structures of
      the skull base. Obviously, CT's additional capability of accurate display of soft
      tissue changes represents a fundamental diagnostic advantage.

PMID- 670466
TI  - Editorial policy on terminology andimage display.

PMID- 670465
TI  - An improved method for computed tomography of the base of the skull in head
      scanners that utilize a water bag.
AB  - The original EMI Mark I head scanner as well as the Artronix Neuro CAT scanner
      utilize a water bag surrounding the patient's head. One of the disadvantages of
      this system is that the patient's head may be displaced out of the scanning beam
      by the pressure of the water bag, thus making it difficult to obtain good scans
      of the base of the skull or the posterior fossa. A device that utilizes an
      adjustable footboard and restraining straps around the legs to hold the patient
      in position is described. Although designed specifically for the Artronix Neuro
      CAT scanner, it can readily be adapted to other scanners that utilize a water
      bag. In our experience it has worked well in restraining caudal movement of
      patients, thus enabling us to obtain good images of the posterior fossa and base
      of the skull.

PMID- 670467
TI  - Steroids and apparent cerebral atrophy on computed tomography scans.
AB  - Computed tomography scans of 15 long-term steroid users showed varying degrees of
      apparent cerebral atrophy, not expected at their ages (8 to 40 years). Most were
      suffering from autoimmune diseases. There appeared to be some correlation between
      dosage and degree of apparent atrophy. There was surprisingly little clinical
      evidence of cerebral dysfunction associated with this apparent atrophy. In two of
      the cases, the appearance of the brain improved following decrease or cessation
      of steroid use. Speculations are made on possible causes.

PMID- 670468
TI  - Computed tomography of the orbit with special emphasis on coronal sections: Part
      I. Normal anatomy.
AB  - Computed tomography (CT) of the orbit is capable of demonstrating soft tissue
      structures not visualized yet by any other radiological modality. The possibility
      of obtaining direct coronal slices has added a new dimension to the study. Direct
      enlargement viewing on the display console reveals many anatomical details. For
      better evaluation of pathological findings, an accurate anatomical knowledge is
      required. The purpose of this study is to report on the normal anatomy of the
      orbital soft tissues made visible by CT, with emphasis on the coronal views.

PMID- 670469
TI  - Computed tomography of the orbit with special emphasis on coronal sections: Part
      II. Pathological anatomy.
AB  - Visualization of orbital soft tissue structures by computed tomography in direct
      coronal and axial studies is extremely useful in diagnosis. Direct enlargement
      viewing of scans has disclosed minute anatomical details. This study reviews some
      of our experiences in the investigation of a variety of lesions within the orbit
      and attempts, in particular, to illustrate the value of direct coronal studies.

PMID- 670470
TI  - Computer assisted tomography of orbital lesions in Wegener's granulomatosis.
AB  - The orbital lesions in six patients with Wegener's granulomatosis were studied by
      computer assisted tomography (CAT). Four patients had active orbital disease and
      proptosis, and each was found to have orbital masses accompanied by varying
      degrees of bone and sinus destruction. Two additional patients with histories of
      proptosis had no orbital lesions at the time of CAT study.

PMID- 670471
TI  - Tissue characterization by an analysis of the distribution of attenuation values
      in computed tomography scans: a preliminary report.
AB  - Attenuation values as measured by a computed tomography scanner are distributed
      in both magnitude and space. The distribution in magnitude can be described by
      the mean, standard deviation, and skewness of histograms of attenuation values.
      The distribution in space can be characterized by auto-correlation functions or
      histograms of gradients. Using these measures of scan structure, it has been
      shown that the spatial distribution of attenuation values can be influenced by
      tissue. Also, there are some indications that changes in tissue structure
      corresponding to disease can be detected.

PMID- 670472
TI  - Computed tomography of solitary pulmonary nodules: experience with scanning times
      longer than breath-holding.
AB  - Thirty-one patients with solitary pulmonary nodules--18 benign and 13 malignant-
      proven by either tissue diagnosis or prolonged follow-up were evaluated by
      computed tomography (CT). A device (ACTA scanner 0100) with scanning times
      greater than breath-holding was used with full understanding of its related
      limitations. A retrospective study of the CT features of these nodules led us to
      establish several criteria for benign nodules. CT evidence of calcium is felt to
      be the most important feature of benignancy. In the absence of calcium, irregular
      nodule margins, perinodular fibrosis, satellite nodules, and pleural thickening
      opposite a peripherally situated nodule are helpful to suggest its benign nature.

PMID- 670473
TI  - Relative detectability of intracranial calcifications on computed tomography and
      skull radiography.
AB  - Phantom studies comparing skull radiography and cranial computed tomography (CT)
      show that CT is 5 to 15 times more sensitive than skull radiography in the
      detection of intracranial calcifications. The difference in detectability varies
      with object size. The relative sensitivity of CT increases with increased object
      size within the constraints of the section thickness. The relationship of these
      findings to the detectability of pineal and choroid calcifications is discussed.

PMID- 670474
TI  - The apical artifact: elevated attenuation values toward the apex of the skull.
AB  - An artifact that can cause an elevation in CT numbers of as much as 20 Hounsfield
      units toward the apex of the head is described. This artifact was first noted on
      the EMI CT1010 scanner but has been observed in other scanners as well. Phantom
      studies of this artifact have revealed that its primary origin is the beam
      hardening distortion due to the large amount of bone present in apical cuts. This
      has been verified by computer simulations. An intuitive explanation of the origin
      of the artifact is also presented.

PMID- 670475
TI  - Radiation necrosis of the brain: correlation between computed tomography,
      pathology, and dose distribution.
AB  - Delayed necrosis of the brain following exposure to high doses of radiation is a
      recognized hazard. It is important to predict the nature of these postradiation
      changes, since surgical removal of radiation necrosis may reverse neurological
      deterioration of patients so affected. The present report stresses the importance
      of correlating the findings on computed tomography (CT) scans and zones of high
      radiation dose on dose reconstruction plans in order to differentiate between
      delayed radiation necrosis and tumors of the brain. This differentiation is not
      possible using the criteria of CT alone.

PMID- 670476
TI  - Computed tomography in the evaluation of encephaloceles in infants and children.
AB  - Computed tomography (CT) is an accurate diagnostic modality in the evaluation of
      encephaloceles. The axial and coronal planes, contrast enhancement attenuation
      measurement of the contents of the encephalocele, and the use of the standard and
      reverse modes for viewing the CT images are all valuable in this evaluation.

PMID- 670477
TI  - Abdominal CSF pseudocyst secondary to ventriculoperitoneal shunt: diagnosis by
      computed tomography in two cases.
AB  - Two cases are presented in which the preoperative diagnosis of abdominal
      cerebrospinal fluid pseudocyst was made by computed tomography (CT). The
      collection can be well outlined by this method, and measurement of density values
      characterizes the contents as a water density; the relationship of portions of
      the shunt catheter to the pseudocyst can be demonstrated as well. It is suggested
      that, in a patient with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt who develops abdominal signs
      or symptoms, CT can provide the definitive diagnosis of this entity.

PMID- 670478
TI  - Choice of the plane of incidence for computed tomography of the cerebral cortex.
AB  - A study has been carried out to determine how different planes of incidence may
      influence the computed tomographic projection of the different parts of the
      cerebral cortex. Knowledge of the patterns displayed with the different
      incidences should help in the identification of the various cortical (as well as
      high ventricular) structures.

PMID- 670479
TI  - Computed tomography after psychosurgery.
AB  - The computed tomography scans of patients who had frontal leukotomy show
      bilateral cysts in the frontal lobes that have attenuation values similar to
      cerebrospinal fluid, and are not contrast enhanced.

PMID- 670480
TI  - Preparation and fractionation of goat kappa-casein: analysis of the glycan and
      peptide components.
AB  - Whole goat kappa-casein was prepared by chromatography of whole casein on
      hydroxyapatite. Chromatography of whole kappa-casein on DEAE-cellulose separated
      5 fractions. All of them were sensitive to chymosin. Their amino acid and
      carbohydrate composition, phosphate content and molecular weight were determined.
      Galactose, N-acetylgalactosamine, N-acetyl and N-glycolyl neuraminic acids were
      identified in whole kappa-casein. It appears that goat kappa-casein, like cow,
      buffalo and ewe kappa-caseins, is composed of several fractions having identical
      peptide chains and differing in their carbohydrate contents. The main fraction,
      devoid of carbohydrate, was treated with chymosin. The para-kappa-casein and
      caseinomacropeptide were isolated. Their amino acid composition and phosphate
      content were determined.

PMID- 670481
TI  - Glucocorticoids in mammary secretions and blood serum during reproduction and
      lactation and distributions of glucocorticoids, progesterone, and estrogens in
      fractions of milk.
AB  - Concentrations of glucocorticoids were measured in milk and blood serum during
      the estrous cycle, prepartum, parturition, postpartum, and early and late
      lactation. Glucocorticoids in milk did not change during the estrous cycle,
      averaging .35 ng/ml whereas they averaged .50 ng/ml prepartum, 3.08 ng/ml at
      parturition, and .50 ng/ml 1 wk postpartum. Glucocorticoids in milk declined from
      .59 ng/ml to .25 ng/ml as lactation advanced from 1 to 10 mo. Concentrations of
      glucocorticoids in blood serum were approximately 8 to 10 ng/ml during all
      reproductive states. There was no positive relationship between percentage of
      milk fat and concentrations of glucocorticoids in milk. Cortisol was the
      predominant glucocorticoid in serum; in milk corticosterone concentrations
      exceeded those of cortisol. Glucocorticoids, being more polar, had higher
      affinity for the nonlipid portion of milk; in contrast, progesterone, estradiol
      17beta, and estrone were located predominantly in the lipid fraction of milk.

PMID- 670482
TI  - Symposium: wise use of chemicals, drugs, and additives by dairy producers.
      Clearance procedures for new animal drugs and feed additives.
AB  - We have attempted to provide an overview of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act as
      it pertains to animal drugs and feed additives. The Act requires that each new
      animal drug application or food additive petition contain sufficient data to
      prove that the drug or feed additive is safe and effective before the drug or
      feed additive can be marketed. It also gives the Secretary of Health, Education,
      and Welfare the power to remove from the market a previously accepted drug if it
      is shown to be unsafe or lacks effectiveness. The Bureau of Veterinary Medicine
      has prepared guidelines to aid applicants in compiling ans submitting the
      necessary information for approval of drugs to be used in dairy cattle. A copy of
      these guidelines and a Drug Use Guide, which aids the dairymen to correctly use
      approved drugs, can be obtained from the Bureau.

PMID- 670483
TI  - Development, manufacture, and distribution of animal drugs.
AB  - Much effort goes into the research, development, and manufacture of quality drugs
      to be used by the dairy producers. Food and Drug Administration aids in the
      process by establishing minimal requirements, reviewing data, and approving
      products conforming to their regulations. To misuse products or drugs is an
      invitation to trouble since little is known about the safety or efficacy of drugs
      other than for the manner in which they are labeled. Thus, the key to wise use of
      drugs is to read the label instructions.

PMID- 670484
TI  - Chemical detection techniques for diagnosing dairy herd health problems.

PMID- 670485
TI  - Effects of dopamine synthesis inhibition on WAIS comprehension.

PMID- 670486
TI  - General versus specific traits in the assessment of anxiety.

PMID- 670487
TI  - Effect of subliminal stimulation of symbiotic fantasies on behavior modification
      treatment of obesity.

PMID- 670488
TI  - Specific and nonspecific factors in the effectiveness of a behavioral approach to
      the treatment of marital discord.

PMID- 670489
TI  - Behavior modification for obesity: the evaluation of exercise, contingency
      management, and program adherence.

PMID- 670491
TI  - The Child Behavior Profile: I. Boys aged 6--11.

PMID- 670490
TI  - A longitudinal study of the personality correlates of marijuana use.

PMID- 670492
TI  - Increasing the interpersonal problem-solving skills of an alcoholic population.

PMID- 670493
TI  - Preparation for a stressful medical procedure: effect of amount of stimulus
      preexposure and coping style.

PMID- 670494
TI  - Addict descriptions of therapeutic community, multimodality, and methadone
      maintenance treatment clients and staff.

PMID- 670495
TI  - Behavioral contingencies and self-mutilation in Lesch-Nyhan disease.

PMID- 670496
TI  - Use of paradoxical intention in a behavioral program for sleep onset insomnia.

PMID- 670497
TI  - A scoring manual for literalness in proverb interpretation.

PMID- 670498
TI  - Cohesive and dispersal behaviors: two classes of concomitant change in
      psychotherapy.

PMID- 670499
TI  - Person X situation interaction in personality prediction: some specifics of the
      person factor.

PMID- 670500
TI  - Self-regulatory effects of monitoring sensory and affective dimensions of pain.

PMID- 670501
TI  - Comparison of the similarities and differences in the self-concepts of male
      alcoholics and addicts.

PMID- 670502
TI  - Dimensions, patterns, and personality correlates of drug abuse in an offender
      population.

PMID- 670503
TI  - MMPI evaluation of 5-year methadone treatment status.

PMID- 670504
TI  - Stimulus-seeking behavior in three delinquent personality types.

PMID- 670505
TI  - Comparison of self-administered and examiner-administered depression adjective
      check lists.

PMID- 670506
TI  - Early childhood autism and structural therapy: outcome after 3 years.

PMID- 670507
TI  - Variations in a construct: quantitative and qualitative differences in children's
      locus of control.

PMID- 670508
TI  - Therapist and group contact as variables in the behavioral treatment of obesity.

PMID- 670510
TI  - Methodological considerations in clinical neuropsychological research.

PMID- 670509
TI  - Research problems in clinical diagnosis.

PMID- 670511
TI  - Common methodological problems in MMPI research.

PMID- 670512
TI  - Methodological and interpretive problems of single-case experimental designs.

PMID- 670513
TI  - Stimulus sampling in clinical research: representative design reviewed.

PMID- 670514
TI  - Evaluating the generality of findings in analogue therapy research.

PMID- 670515
TI  - Methodological considerations in treatment outcome research on obesity.

PMID- 670516
TI  - Smoking-cessation research.

PMID- 670517
TI  - Common methodological problems in research on the addictions.

PMID- 670518
TI  - Methodological issues in research with correctional populations.

PMID- 670519
TI  - Methodological errors in marital and child treatment research.

PMID- 670520
TI  - Psychopathology of childhood: research problems and issues.

PMID- 670521
TI  - Sex roles and psychological well-being: perspectives on methodology.

PMID- 670522
TI  - Some problems in community program evaluation research.

PMID- 670523
TI  - A reader's, writer's, and reviewer's guide to assessing research reports in
      clinical psychology.

PMID- 670524
TI  - To do or not to do elective lymph-node dissections for certain malignant
      melanomas.

PMID- 670525
TI  - The many faces of keratoacanthomas.

PMID- 670526
TI  - Postsurgical, chronic, nonprogressive, cutaneous ulcers: a possible variant of
      pyoderma gangrenosum associated with diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Two patients developed persistent ulcers on the trunk after cutaneous surgery.
      Both had "chemical" diabetes mellitus. Bacteriologic and histopathologic studies
      of the ulcers were not revealing of cause. The characteristics of the ulcers are
      described, and are contrasted with typical lesions of pyoderma gangrenosum and
      Meleney's postoperative progressive synergistic bacterial gangrene. We believe
      these patients had variant lesions of pyoderma gangrenosum.

PMID- 670527
TI  - Keratoacanthoma recurrent after surgical excision.
AB  - A 62-year-old man developed a recurrent keratoacanthoma within two and a half
      weeks after grossly and microscopically complete removal of the primary tumor. X
      irradiation of the recurrent lesion caused partial regression, and then
      intralesional injections of a suspension of triamicinolone caused final
      resolution of it. Although dermatologists generally practice partial destruction
      and surgeons almost always do total excision, neither method invariably cures
      this benign tumor, and repeated treatment may be necessary.

PMID- 670528
TI  - Hamartomatous basal-cell carcinoma.
AB  - A 25-year-old woman developed a basal-cell carcinoma in the skin over the right
      scapula. The histopathology of the lesion revealed elements of typical basal-cell
      carcinoma as well as adenoid, trichoepitheliomatous, and ductal differentiation.
      Hamartomatous basal-cell carcimoma is a rare variant of ordinary basal-cell
      carcinoma as well as adenoid, trichoepitheliomatous, and viduals. It is a less
      aggressive neoplasm and may remain stationary for years. Its recognition as an
      entity brings awareness that basal-cell carcinomas sometimes occur in young
      persons.

PMID- 670529
TI  - Punch biopsies of nails: a simple, valuable procedure.
AB  - A simple technique for punch biopsies of nails is described. Local anesthesia
      with a solution of lidocaine, without epinephrine, is used. Digital block and
      tourniquet hemostasis are not required. The simplicity of the method ought to
      encourage more nail biopsies, increase the accuracy of diagnosis and improve
      treatment of diseases of the nails.

PMID- 670530
TI  - Malignant melanoma and subsequent other malignancies.
AB  - This report describes two young men who suffered from cutaneous malignant
      melanomas and subsequently other malignancies, namely, adrenal in one and
      testicular in the other.

PMID- 670531
TI  - Classification of keloids.

PMID- 670532
TI  - Encoding of nonverbal behavior by high-achieving and low-achieving children.

PMID- 670533
TI  - Effects of anxiety, curiosity, and perceived instructor threat on student verbal
      behavior in the college classroom.

PMID- 670534
TI  - Ethnic differences in mortality from ischemic heart disease: a study of migrant
      and native populations.

PMID- 670535
TI  - Two methods of assessing the type A coronary-prone behavior pattern in Belgium.
AB  - Two methods developed in U.S.A. for measuring the Type A coronary-prone behavior
      pattern--the Structured Interview and the self-administered Activity Survey, were
      translated into French and Flemish and utilized in a large preventive cardiology
      study in Belgium. The distribution of behavior-type judgments made by trained
      interviewers were compared to similar data from North America and found to be
      similarly symmetrical but clustering more toward central categories in Belgium.
      The Activity Survey, when scored by the scoring key developed in California,
      yielded averages for this Belgian group which appeared to be more in the Type B
      direction than the California sample, particularly in terms of Job-Involvement
      and tendencies toward haste and impatience. The Activity Survey scales and
      Structured Interview judgments showed a strong correspondence, with a 70%
      agreement observed between the Interview and Type A scores. This comparability
      between findings in Belgium and U.S.A. suggests that the concept of the Type A
      behavior pattern has sufficient cross-cultural validity to permit the derivation
      of reliable measurements and to make feasible the determination of whether Type A
      behavior is a risk factor for coronary disease internationally.

PMID- 670536
TI  - Hypertension and myocardial infarction.
AB  - In a representative series of male patients (n = 504) surviving the hospital stay
      of a first myocardial infarction the prevalence of hypertension and the influence
      of hypertension on the prognosis during 2 yr follow-up were studied. According to
      the definitions used hypertension had been detected before or was detected after
      myocardial infarction in 36% of the patients. Two thirds had a history of
      hypertension known before infarction. The systolic and diastolic blood pressures
      measured at 3 months and 1 yr after infarction increased with age. There was no
      difference between patients with and without hypertension with respect to a
      number of different variables recorded during the hospital period, nor in
      multiple risk according to a logistic function. There was no difference in death
      rate between the two groups. However, the rate of non-fatal reinfarction was
      significantly higher among the hypertensive patients. Hypertension remained as a
      risk factor for after myocardial infarction when the possible confounding
      influences of serum lipid levels and tobacco smoking were analysed.

PMID- 670537
TI  - Sampling behavior of cohort rates for recurrent events.
AB  - Large sample properties of cohort rates of recurrent events based on denominators
      computed from follow-up table quantities are derived and illustrated using health
      services utilization data. Ignoring the variation in the denominator may result
      in an inaccurate estimate of the precision of a cohort rate when the loss rate is
      high and the duration of follow-up long.

PMID- 670538
TI  - Comparison of osteitis condensans ilii and ankylosing spondylitis in female
      patients: clinical, radiological and HLA typing characteristics.
AB  - A study comparing 12 patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) to 25 with
      osteitis condensans ilii (OCI), referred to a rheumatic disease center, was
      carried out to determine whether OCI represents a varient of AS in women. In the
      group with OCI, chronic lumbodorsal pain was present in 9, 36%, a 'fibrositis'
      syndrome in 6, 24%, and 16, 64% had recurrent episodes of polyarthralgia. A
      definite arthritis with effusion developed in 10 patients, 40%. No patient with
      OCI had iritis or colitis, whereas 4 patients with AS had iritis and four had
      colitis. Radiographs of the spine showed no evidence of spondylitis in the OCI
      group. Of the 25 patients with OCI, only 2, 8% were HLA B27 positive compared
      with 11 of 12 patients with AS, 92%. These results suggest that OCI is not a
      variant of AS in women.

PMID- 670539
TI  - Evaluation of multiple causes of death in occupational mortality studies.
AB  - An exploratory examination of the possibility of using multiple causes of death
      information from death certificates in mortality studies has been undertaken. The
      formation of a matrix of primary by contributory causes has been suggested. The
      matrix gives an overall picture of mortality patterns, serves as a scheme to
      identify disease combinations, and can be utilized as a data-editing device. From
      the matrix, several conventional, as well as several new statistics can be
      computed. The methodology has been illustrated with data from a cohort of
      steelworkers. The gain in information as a result of routinely recording multiple
      causes of death has also been discussed.

PMID- 670540
TI  - Hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism--case report and observation of dissociated renin
      and erythropoietin activity.
AB  - A case is reported of hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism, diagnosed during an
      evaluation of hyperkalemia. Urine and plasma aldosterone concentrations were
      depressed despite hyperkalemia and were not responsive to ACTH, cosyntropin, and
      angiotensin 2. Adrenal glucocorticoid function was normal. Plasma renin activity
      also was low, and was hyporesponsive to stimulation, including intravascular
      volume contraction and potassium depletion. Autonomic nervous function was
      intact. Of the 32 previously reported cases of selective hypoaldosteronism,
      plasma renin activity was low in the majority of cases in which it was measured.
      A classification of the types of selective hypoaldosteronism is presented. It is
      of interest that the serum erythropoietin activity in this case was increased
      while plasma renin activity was markedly depressed.

PMID- 670541
TI  - Tympanic membrane perforations in cats: configurations of losses with and without
      ear canal extensions.
AB  - In cat, a small tympanic membrane (TM) perforation produces a low-frequency loss-
      in terms of sound pressure changes (deltaSP) in front of the TM re a 10-micronV
      round window cochlear microphonic (RW CM)--that varies inversely with frequency
      at a rate of 12dB/octave with a surgically shortened external auditory meatus
      (EAM). Losses were determined at the outer opening (deltaSP00) and at the TM
      (deltaSPTM) of four artificial EAM's of various lengths, volumes, and leakiness.
      In the low-frequency region, a leaky EAM produced a flat loss. In the
      midfrequency region, the flatness of losses was attributable to (1) the length of
      the EAM and (2) the location at which the loss was determined. EAM volume was not
      related to the configuration of the loss. Losses, under all conditions, were
      always identical in shape and magnitude for the open and closed systems.
      Clinically, hearing losses due to TM perforations are essentially frequency
      independent, especially in the low frequencies. The relation between voltage
      changes (deltaV) across the transducer and losses with different EAM's suggests
      that the discrepency between audiometric results and CM losses--at least in the
      high and midfrequencies--may be due to the use of precalibrated SPL's in clinical
      audiometry.

PMID- 670542
TI  - Auditory-nerve response from cats raised in a low-noise chamber.
AB  - A litter of four cats, born and raised in a soundproofed chamber, was studied in
      an attempt to determine which, if any, features of the auditory-nerve response
      from routinely available cats might be due to the chronic effects of noise
      exposure. Two features of routine-normal response were especially suspect in this
      regard: (1) a "notch" in the distribution of single-unit thresholds centered at
      characteristic frequencies (CF's) near 3 kHz and (2) a compression of the
      distribution of rates of spontaneous discharge for units with CF above 10 kHz. A
      third feature of response in routine animals was the presence of a small number
      (roughly 10%) of units with virtually no spontaneous discharge and very high
      thresholds, sometimes 80 dB less sensitive than high-spontaneous units of similar
      CF. In the data from chamber-raised animals, the high-spontaneous units showed
      exceptionally low thresholds at all CF regions, however, there were signs of the
      midfrequency notch in the threshold distribution of at least two of these
      animals. The compression of the spontaneous rate distribution was not seen in any
      of the three most sensitive animals. The data suggest that there is a significant
      amount of "normal pathology" in the high-CF units from routine animals. Low
      spontaneous, high-threshold units were present in all four chamber-raised ears
      with the same characteristics as in routine animals (exceptionally narrow tuning
      curves and exceptionally low maximum discharge rates) and at roughly the same
      percentage of the unit sample. A class of units with medium spontaneous rates and
      intermediate thresholds could also be identified. The possible significance of a
      classification of auditory-nerve units according to spontaneous rate is
      discussed.

PMID- 670543
TI  - Categorical perception--phenomenon or epiphenomenon: evidence from experiments in
      the perception of melodic musical intervals.
AB  - Categorical perception was investigated in a series of experiments on the
      perception of melodic musical intervals (sequential frequency ratios). When
      procedures equivalent to those typically used in speech-perception experiments
      were employed, i.e., determination of identification and discrimination functions
      for stimuli separated by equal physical increments), musical intervals were
      perceived categorically by trained musicians. When a variable-step-size
      (adaptive) discrimination procedure was used, evidence of categorical perception
      (in the form of smaller interval-width DL's for ratios at identification category
      boundaries than for ratios within categories), although present initially,
      largely disappeared after subjects had reached asymptotic performance. However,
      equal-step-size discrimination functions obtained after observers had reached
      asymptotic performance in the adaptive paradigm were not substantially different
      from those initially obtained. The results of other experiments imply that this
      dependence of categorical perception on procedure may be related to differences
      in stimulus uncertainty between the procedures. An experiment on the perception
      of melodic intervals by musically untrained observers showed no evidence for the
      existence of "natural" categories for musical intervals.

PMID- 670544
TI  - Temporal integration of tone glides.
AB  - Temporal integration of rising and falling tone glides against a 50-2800-Hz
      background of noise at a sound pressure level of 60 dB re 20 micronPa was studied
      in two experiments. Glides were in the frequency ranges 200-700 Hz and 1200-1700
      Hz for durations of 5-120 ms. Results indicate an asymmetry in the detectability
      of rising and falling glides of short duration, with rising glides detected at
      lower signal intensities in both frequency ranges. These effects are discussed in
      terms of differences in pattern of frequency analysis of identical, but
      temporally reversed, waveforms.

PMID- 670545
TI  - Compatibility between psychophysical and physiological measurements of aural
      combination tones.
AB  - Neural studies of combination-tone (CT) responses in the eighth nerve and
      antroventral cochlear nucleus of anesthetized cats give evidence of stimuluslike
      intracochlear CT's with a similar amplitude spectrum as inferred from human
      psychophysics. An unsolved problem raised in these studies is the gross
      discrepency between the phase of CT's measured psychophysically and neurally. It
      is unknown whether incompatibility lies in the cochleas or the criteria for
      measuring CT's in the different experiments. New psychophysical experiments were
      developed to clarify this issue. Secondary CT's (SCT) were generated by the
      interaction between a primary cubic CT (CTT) and a third tone in the stimulus.
      The SCT measured by cancellation exhibits similar properties to those of a CT
      generated by the comparable two-tone stimulus. The SCT is eliminated when the CCT
      is cancelled. These findings support the view that CT's exist in the cochlea as
      spatially distinct, stimuluslike excitations, and that CT excitations are
      eliminated by psychophysical cancellation. The SCT phase provides a measure of
      the CCT phase without requiring direct cancellation of the CCT. Phase
      measurements by the new indirect and older direct methods imply that the CT phase
      may be constant with changing sound level of the primary stimulus as found in the
      neural studies; these measurements also reveal nonlinear phase effects not found
      in neural studies. The new data suggest that the CT phase discrepancy may be
      caused by a real difference between the nonlinear mechanisms in the alert humans
      and anesthetized cats, and provide new constraints for clarifying this issue
      through further study.

PMID- 670546
TI  - Verification of the optimal probabilistic basis of aural processing in pitch of
      complex tones.
AB  - Periodicity pitch for complex tones has been quantitatively accounted for by a
      two-stage process of Fourier-frequency analysis subject to random errors and
      significant nonlinearities, followed by an harmonic pattern recognizer that makes
      an optimum probabilistic estimate of the fundamental period of musical and speech
      sounds. The theory predicts that periodicity pitch is a multimodal probabilistic
      function of a given stimulus. A clear and empirically supported distinction is
      made between limitations on the pitch mechanism caused by the stochastic nature
      of aural frequency representation and by the deterministic resolution bandwidths
      of aural frequency analysis. This model was developed earlier [J. L. Goldstein,
      J. Acoust. Soc. Am 54, 1496-1516 (1973)] to account for probabilistic data on
      pitch errors [A. J. M. Houtsma and J. L. Goldstein, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 51, 520
      (1972)] measured with periodic stimuli comprising two successive harmonics. This
      paper presents new predictions by the theory that were calculated, with computer
      simulation where needed, for known probabilistic pitch data from stimuli
      comprising three to six successive harmonics. Predicted pitch errors increase
      with increasing errors in estimating the frequencies of stimulus harmonics and
      decrease as more harmonics are added to the stimulus. Optimum processor theory
      fully accounts for the multicomponent pitch data on the basis of similar errors
      in estimating component stimulus frequencies as reported earlier, thus providing
      further evidence for the optimum probabilistic basis of aural signal processing
      in pitch of complex tones.

PMID- 670547
TI  - Evidence for a general template in central optimal processing for pitch of
      complex tones.
AB  - Optimum processor theory successfully accounts for earlier pitch data by
      including the constraint that component tones in a complex stimulus are estimated
      as successive harmonics. This constraint gives the paradoxical prediction that a
      periodic complex tone comprising nonsuccessive harmonics cannot evoke periodicity
      pitch corresponding to its period. Most published data from pitch-shift
      experiments imply the necessity for this constraint. New periodicity pitch
      experiments on pitch shift and musical interval recognition were performed which
      prove that the theoretical constraint is not generally true. New and old data are
      reconciled by replacing the maximum likelihood estimation of the theory with
      maximum posterior probability estimation and removing the successive harmonic
      constraint. Periodicity pitch is estimated by optimizing the match between the
      aurally measured frequencies of stimulus components and a general harmonic
      template over some a priori expected pitch range. The new, more general,
      formulation reduces in many experimental situations to the successive harmonic
      constraint as a special case.

PMID- 670548
TI  - Detectability of varying interaural temporal differences.
AB  - Detectability and salience of time-varying interaural temporal differences
      (IATD's) were measured in three experiments by determining observers' ability to
      follow the temporal fluctuations of a "moving stimulus"--a 3000-Hz low-pass
      computer-generated noise presented binaurally with a sinusoidally varying IATD.
      In the first two experiments the peak IATD (deltat the "extent of movement") was
      manipulated to determine, for different rates of interaural variation (fm),
      threshold discriminability of the "moving" stimulus from a reference (two
      interval forced-choice paradigm). The nonmoving reference was either a dichotic
      noise stimulus (experiment 1) or a dichotic noise stimulus whose "image width"
      matched that of the excursions traced by the "moving stimulus" (experiment 2).
      Threshold deltat's in the two experiments were similar, increasing from 30
      microns at fm = 0 Hz to 90 microns at fm = 20 Hz, indicating a "low-pass
      characteristic" for the binaural system. Thresholds decreased again for fm = 50
      Hz, apparently because at these high rates of "movement" observers used other
      cues than the varying IATD's to perform the task. The third experiment measured
      the threshold of a binaural click in the presence of a "moving noise" masker as a
      function of fm and of the instantaneous IATD of the masker when the click was
      presented. As fm increased, click threshold gradually became independent of the
      masker's instantaneous IATD, again suggesting a "low-pass" characteristic for the
      binaural system; additionally, there was some evidence for a lag in the system's
      response for fm greater than 5 Hz. The data from the three experiments are
      discussed in terms of results from other studies which have investigated temporal
      aspects of the binaural system. The possible existence of movement detectors in
      the auditory system is discussed.

PMID- 670549
TI  - Psychophysical tuning curves measured in simultaneous and forward masking.
AB  - The level of a masker necessary to mask a probe fixed in frequency and level was
      determined as a function of masker frequency using a two-interval forced-choice
      technique. Both simultaneous- and forward- masking techniques were used.
      Parameters investigated include the level of the probe tone and the frequency of
      the probe tone. The general form of the psychophysical tuning curves obtained in
      this way is quite similar to that of single-neurone tuning curves, when low-level
      probe tones are used. However, the curves obtained to forward masking generally
      show sharper tips and steeper slopes than those found in simultaneous masking,
      and they are also generally sharper than neurophysiological tuning curves. For
      frequencies of the masker close to that of the probe a simultaneous masker was
      sometimes less effective than a forward masker. The results are discussed in
      relation to possible lateral suppression effects in simultaneous masking, and in
      relation to the observer's use of pitch cues in forward masking. It is concluded
      that neither the simultaneous-masking curves nor the forward-masking curves are
      likely to give an accurate representation of human neural tuning curves.

PMID- 670550
TI  - Auditory handicap of hearing impairment and the limited benefit of hearing aids.
AB  - The aim of this article is to promote a better understanding of hearing
      impairment as a communicative handicap, primarily in noisy environments, and to
      explain by means of a quantitative model the essentially limited applicability of
      hearing aids. After data on the prevalence of hearing impairment and of auditory
      handicap have been reviewed, it is explained that every hearing loss for speech
      can be interpreted as the sum of a loss class A (attenuation), characterized by a
      reduction of the levels of both speech signal and noise, and a loss D
      (distortion), comparable with a decrease in speech-to-noise ratio. On the
      average, the hearing loss of class D (hearing loss in noise) appears to be about
      one-third (in decibels) of the total hearing loss (A + D, hearing loss in quiet).
      A hearing aid can compensate for class-A-hearing losses, giving difficulties
      primarily in quiet, but not for class-D hearing losses, giving difficulties
      primarily in noise. The latter class represents the first stage of auditory
      handicap, beginning at an average hearing loss of about 24 dB.

PMID- 670551
TI  - Temporal switching between binaural information sources.
AB  - An estimate of the rate of perceptual switching between two binaural information
      sources was sought by a procedure which employed an emergent perceptual property-
      the shape of the binaural sound image. Random polarity-modulated pulse trains
      were delivered to the two ears with controlled periods of interaural phase
      agreement and of phase disagreement. As the rate of alternation between the two
      interaural states is increased, discrimination suffers. With equal periods of
      phase agreement and disagreement, threshold periods of 2.2-3.4 ms, or about 300
      450 alternations per second, are obtained. Such rates far exceed estimates of the
      rate of interaural switching obtained by other experimental paradigms. With
      unequal periods of agreements and disagreements, a minimum threshold period of
      1.5 ms is the limiting factor. Large individual differences were noted. Other
      procedures for coding binary information yielded similar results. Rapid switching
      rate thresholds are obtained for narrow-band signals over a wide frequency range.
      A "central integration time" is identified with the threshold interaural
      switching period, and appears to be identical with the minimum integration time
      for monaural tasks.

PMID- 670553
TI  - Fundamental frequency in the speech of infants and children.
AB  - Fundamental frequency ranges of six normal infants and children from 33 to 169
      weeks were determined by narrow-band spectrographic analysis. Fundamental
      frequency values ranged from 30 to 2500 Hz, well outside the values reported in
      previous studies of noncry utterances. The use of fry, modal, and high registers
      is also discussed.

PMID- 670552
TI  - Auditory thresholds and kanamycin-induced hearing loss in the guinea pig assessed
      by a positive reinforcement procedure.
AB  - Absolute thresholds from 125 Hz to 52 kHz are determined for six guinea pigs
      trained by a positive reinforcement method. Four to five hundred trials were
      conducted during daily testing sessions and little between- or within-subject
      variability was found. Two of the six animals were subsequently treated with
      kanamycin and the development of a hearing loss for the high frequencies was
      followed. Loss of outer and to a lesser extent inner hair cells was well
      correlated with the threshold shift observed. Contrary to the experience of
      previous investigators, this operant training procedure has proved as efficient
      as that for other species of experimental animals, such as the monkey and the
      chinchilla. It holds excellent promise for future auditory behavioral work with
      the guinea pig.

PMID- 670554
TI  - Design criteria of a multiple-electrode cochlear implant hearing prosthesis
      [43.66.Ts, 43.66.Sr].

PMID- 670555
TI  - Asymptotic threshold shift in chinchillas exposed to impulse noise.
AB  - Five monaural chinchillas were exposed to a repetitive, reverberant, impulse
      noise for ten days. The impulse-noise source was a mechanized hammer hitting a
      steel plate at a rate of 1/s. The average, peak over pressure within the holding
      cage was 113 dB SPL. Auditory thresholds were determined before and after
      exposure at 0.5, 1, 1.4 2, 2.8, 4, 8, and 16 kHz  utilizing shock-avoidance
      conditioning. During  exposure thresholds were monitored on a daily basis at 0.5
      and 8 kHz. Within one hour from the start of the exposure, threshold shift at 8
      kHz had reached an asymptotic level, while threshold shift at 0.5 kHz leveled off
      after 24 h of exposure. Asymptotic threshold shift (ATS) levels of both 
      frequencies varied between 30 and 50 dB across animals. Median threshold shift
      for both frequencies recovered to within 10 dB of normal after 40 days of
      recovery. Maximum permanent threshold shift (PTS) was at 2 and 2.8 KHZ with
      median PTS of 17 and 13 dB, respectively. After final thresholds were obtained
      (50-70 days), the cochleas were examined histologically using the surface
      preparation technique. A comparison is made between impulse-noise-induced ATS and
      ATS produced by continuous-noise sources.

PMID- 670556
TI  - Adaptation of residue pitch.
AB  - Residue pitch was examined by means of adaptation. The monaural perceptibility of
      a residue pitch was measured before and after exposure to ipsilateral or
      contralateral adapatation stimuli of variable spectral composition. Several
      aspects of adaptation were investigated: pitch channel specificity, number of
      stimulus components necessary to adapt a residue channel, importance of temporal
      and spectral factors for adaptation, and the relation between pure-tone and
      residue pitch. It was found that there are residue-pitch channels specifically
      sensitive to the spectral region and ear of presentation of the stimulus. At
      least two harmonics were necessary to adapt a residue channel, and pitch channels
      were found to be insensitive to temporal factors. Residue and pure-tone pitch
      seemed to be extracted by different mechanisms, having independent channels. The
      data presented augment the understanding of pitch perception and suggest
      refinements for pitch-perception models.

PMID- 670557
TI  - Additive masking effects of noise bands of different levels.

PMID- 670558
TI  - Speech perception by the chinchilla: identification function for synthetic VOT
      stimuli.

PMID- 670559
TI  - Ultrasonic velocity and attenuation in mammalian tissues.
AB  - A compilation, from the original papers, is presented of the data on the acoustic
      properties (i.e., velocity and attenuation) of mammalian tissues in the megahertz
      range of frequencies used in medical ultrasonics. The actual values reported have
      been quoted to present a clear picture of the current state of knowledge in order
      to enable it to be assessed and to enable future workers to compare their own
      results directly. In the 20 years since the last such compilation, the progress
      in estimating the relative contributions of the animal species, the condition of
      the tissues, the temperature and frequency at which measurements were made, and
      the method of measurement to the observed variation has been small. It is hoped
      that this compilation together with summarizing tables will both be of practical
      use to the worker in the field and also encourage the establishment of a stronger
      body of fundamental information for the application of ultrasonics in biology and
      medicine.

PMID- 670560
TI  - The distributed response of complex branching duct networks.
AB  - We describe an efficient method for stimulating the distributed response of
      complex asymmetrically branching networks which satisfy requirements of network
      self-consistency. Individual tree links may be dispersive and lossy. As a case in
      point we simulate the response of the human lung, and characterize the variations
      in pressure with frequency, path, and position. The effects of tree asymmetry are
      found to be significant above 100 Hz in the air-filled lung.

PMID- 670561
TI  - A modal perspective of lung response.
AB  - The qualitative modal structure of lung response is investigated. Asymmetry of
      the branching airway network of the lung leads to clumping of system eigenvalues
      into distinct and well-separated clusters at low frequency. The breadth of the
      eigenvalue clusters increases with the degree of asymmetry and frequency. At high
      frequency the breadth of the clusters exceeds the cluster spacing so that
      distinct eigenvalue clusters are no longer observed. Symmetric airway networks
      lead to degenerate mode clusters with large eigenvalue redundancy. The average
      density of eigenvalues of the undamped system is estimated to be higher than 0.5
      per Hz. All modes appear to be in modal overlap.

PMID- 670562
TI  - Infrasound and sound: differentiation of their psychophysiological effects
      through use of genetically deaf animals.
AB  - The effects of steady-state acoustic stimulation on resistance of fatigue, as
      shown by reduction of swimming time, was studied on three sublines of mice, one
      of which is genetically deaf. High frequency (500-10000 Hz) reduce swimming time
      from 25% to 50% in mice with normal hearing at a 60-80-dB threshold, but have no
      effect on deaf mice. Low frequencies and infrasounds (6-50 Hz) reduce swimming
      time in all mice similarly, even deaf animals, but the threshold is higher (160
      115 dB). The use of genetically deaf animals therefore permits elimination of the
      auditory component; differentiation of the effects of air-borne from those of
      mechanical vibrations are thus possible.

PMID- 670563
TI  - Studies of the poor utilization by the rat of methionine and cystine in heated
      dry bean seed (Phaseolus vulgaris).

PMID- 670564
TI  - Comparative nutritive value and amino acid content of triticale, wheat, and rye.

PMID- 670565
TI  - Individual lipids and proximate analysis of various foods. 4. Commercial cake
      mixes.

PMID- 670566
TI  - Iron absorption by rats from nonprescription dietary iron supplements.

PMID- 670568
TI  - Amino acid analysis and acrylamide gel electrophoresis patterns of bovine
      hemopoietic marrow.

PMID- 670567
TI  - Elemental content of tissues and excreta of lambs, goats, and kids fed white
      sweet clover growing on fly ash.

PMID- 670569
TI  - Factors affecting the retention and extraction of yeast chromium.

PMID- 670570
TI  - Analysis of toxic mussels (Mytilus sp.) from the Alaskan Inside Passage.

PMID- 670571
TI  - Determination of 17beta-hydroxy-7alpha,17-dimethylestr-4-en-3-one (mibolerone) in
      canned dog food by high-performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 670572
TI  - Metabolism of oxamyl and selected metabolites in the rat.

PMID- 670573
TI  - Decamethrin metabolism in rats.

PMID- 670574
TI  - In vitro metabolism of desmethyl tetrachlorvinphos by soluble fraction (105000g)
      from chicken liver homogenates.

PMID- 670575
TI  - Effects of hexachlorobenzene or hexabromobenzene on body and organ weights of
      preweanling rats after a reciprocal transfer between the treated and control
      dams.

PMID- 670576
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of mirex in goats. 2. Residue tissue levels, transplacental
      passage during recovery.

PMID- 670577
TI  - Determination of phosphine in wheat by headspace gas-liquid chromatography.

PMID- 670578
TI  - Amino acids in commercially produced blood meals.

PMID- 670579
TI  - Determination of cysteine and glutathione in fruit by high-performance liquid
      chromatography.

PMID- 670580
TI  - A simplified method for determining sprout-inhibiting levels of chlorpropham
      (CIPC) in potatoes.

PMID- 670581
TI  - Cadmium deposition and hepatic microsomal induction in mice fed lettuce grown on
      municipal sludge-amended soil.

PMID- 670582
TI  - Elemental content of tissues of guinea pigs fed swiss chard grown on municipal
      sewage sludge-amended soil.

PMID- 670583
TI  - Summary of the New York Summer Aerosol Study (NYSAS).

PMID- 670584
TI  - Activity level: a comparison between actometer scores and observer ratings.
AB  - Activity level of 13 boys (aged 9-13) from a day hospital program was measured
      using actometers in classroom, gym, woodshop, and group therapy settings. Ratings
      of Ss' activity were obtained from mothers using the Werry scale, and from six
      clinical staff familiar with the Ss using the Davids scale. It was predicted that
      activity ratings would have situationally specific relationships with actometer
      measured activity level according to the rater's opportunities for observation.
      Comparisons between measures indicated that all clinical staff ratings correlated
      significantly with actometer activity in the classroom (r = .49 to r = .73),
      while mothers' ratings correlated significantly with actometer activity in gym (r
      = .67), and woodshop (r = .77), and with overall activity (r = .65), a combined
      measure derived from actometer scores in the four conditions tested. Five of six
      clinical staff raters showed significant interrater reliability (r = .58 to r =
      .83). Results are discussed in terms of their implications for solution of
      current problems in assessment of activity level and hyperactivity.

PMID- 670585
TI  - The Peer Preference Test as a measure of reward value: item analysis, cross
      validation, concurrent validation, and replication.
AB  - Thirty-six preschoolers were administered and retested on a 15-item Peer
      Preference Test designed to measure the reward value of peers for each child.
      Test-retest reliability was .88, and after item analyses, 12 items were
      maintained in the test. The revised test was then administered to 29 other
      preschoolers. Test-retest reliability was .77, and item analyses indicated that
      each item made a significant contribution to the overall test. Concurrent
      validation of the test was demonstrated using both a picture sociometric and a
      behavioral measure. In addition, the Evers-Pasquale and Sherman (1975) study was
      replicated, using 10 preschool social isolates.

PMID- 670586
TI  - A comparison of human and automated instruction of autistic children.
AB  - While it appears reasonable to assume that the autistic child might benefit from
      the development of programmed instruction and teaching machines to teach
      imitation, concepts, and receptive vocabulary skills, no systematic research to
      date has seriously investigated such possibilities. The purpose of this study was
      to compare the effects of automated versus teacher-controlled instruction in the
      education of autistic children. Four autistic children, each with extreme
      deficits in language, social, and self-care behaviors, were trained on a matching
      to-sample task under three different instructional situations within an
      intrasubject replication design and multiple baseline procedure. Analysis of the
      data showed the following results: (1) The teacher, manually operating the
      teaching machine, was able to teach and maintain the matching-to-sample task; (2)
      the same autistic children did not acquire or maintain the task when taught by
      the machine alone; and (3) the teacher alone (without the machine) was able to
      teach and maintain the task. The results suggest that automated instruction may,
      at least, serve as a valuable aid to teachers of autistic children. However,
      before machines can be used without the participation of a trained teacher,
      further research appears necessary. Several areas, including the role of
      motivation in automated instructional settings, the saliency and effectiveness of
      reinforcers, and the importance of controlling antecedent stimulus conditions and
      off-task behavior are discussed as areas of primary concern in the development of
      automated instruction for autistic children.

PMID- 670587
TI  - Peer facilitation of generalization in a preschool classroom.
AB  - Two 5-year-old deviant preschoolers taught each other, as peer-tutors, to
      identify pictorial figures describing prepositional relationships. During
      training sessions monitored by the experimenter, the child in the peer-tutor role
      presented stimulus materials and provided consequences for the responses of the
      child in the tutee role. An assessment of generalization by each child to an
      academic classroom setting occurred each day. The data showed that the peer-tutor
      could facilitate generalization, when the tutee was probed in the peer-tutor's
      presence. However, it was found that the salience of the peer-tutor's presence
      was critical to this effect. In particular, when the peer presented the stimuli
      or offered occasional consequences for some correct responses, generalization was
      greatly enhanced.

PMID- 670588
TI  - Response cost and impulsive word recognition errors in reading-disabled children.
AB  - Subjects were 30 fourth grade children with average intellectual ability but
      reading achievement at least 1.5 years below grade level. Each child was given
      two word-recognition lists, the first one as a pretest and the second list under
      one of three different experimental conditions: control, positive reinforcement
      (1 nickel for each word read correctly), and response cost (1 of 40 nickels taken
      back for each word read incorrectly). Relative to the control condition, positive
      reinforcement led to a significant increase in response latency but no change in
      errors, while response cost led to both a significant increase in latency and a
      significant decrease in reading errors. The entire group was found to be
      impulsive on the Matching Familiar Figures test. The successful reduction in
      impulsive reading errors was interpreted as support for Kagan's hypothesis that
      the impulsive child evidences low concern about errors on such academic tasks.

PMID- 670589
TI  - Normative data on revised Conners Parent and Teacher Rating Scales.
AB  - Normative data are presented for 570 children on newly revised versions of the
      Conners Parent and Teacher Rating Scales. Symptom ratings were factor analyzed
      and structures compared favorably with those obtained using earlier versions of
      the questionnaires. Interrater correlations (mother-father, parent-teacher) were
      also reported. Age and sex effects were found to be significant determinants of
      children's scores, while social class effects were nonsignificant.

PMID- 670590
TI  - Cognitive slippage in children vulnerable to schizophrenia.
AB  - Psychological deficit research with adult schizophrenics has been hindered by
      numerous methodological problems that may be avoided by the prospective study of
      children vulnerable to the disorder. An object sorting task was administered to
      156 children of schizophrenic patients, 102 children of depressed patients, and
      139 children of normal parents. The children were between 6 and 15 years old. The
      children of schizophrenic parents made fewer "superordinate" sorting responses
      than those of normal parents, and more "complex" sorts (a category of inadequate
      responses) than children of either normal and depressed parents. Our analyses
      showed that these deficits could not be explained by differences in intelligence.
      These deficits in conceptual performance may reflect the genotypic predisposition
      to schizophrenic and/or represent an early precursor of later maladjustment.

PMID- 670591
TI  - Judged school problems and competencies of referred children with varying family
      background characteristics.
AB  - The school adjustment problems and competencies of referred children with varying
      family background histories were compared. Children from homes characterized by
      low parent interest in education had more severe learning problems and fewer
      competencies than either matched referred controls without such a history or
      matched referred children under family pressure to succeed. The relationship of
      these findings to other studies of school adjustment and family background was
      considered.

PMID- 670592
TI  - What I think and feel: a revised measure of children's manifest anxiety.
AB  - The 1956 adaptation for children of Taylor's Manifest Anxiety Scale, the
      Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale, was revised to meet current psychometric
      standards. A 73-item revision draft was administered to 329 school children from
      grades 1 to 12. Based on item-analysis criteria for rbis greater than or equal to
      .4 and .30 less than or equal to p less than or equal to .70, 28 anxiety items
      were retained along with 9 of the original 11 Lie scale items. A cross-validation
      sample of 167 children from grades 2, 5, 9, 10, and 11 produced a KR20
      reliability estimate of .85. Anxiety scores did not differ across grade or race.
      Females scored significantly higher than males. For the Lie scale, significant
      differences appeared by grade and race. No sex differences were obtained on the
      Lie scale. The resulting scale appears useful for children in grades 1 to 12 and
      may aid in future studies of anxiety as well as assisting the clinician in the
      understanding of individual children.

PMID- 670593
TI  - Note on locus of control and academic achievement in institutionalized juvenile
      delinquents.
AB  - The previously reported relationship between internal locus of control and
      academic achievement was explored with the Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control
      Scale for Children (Nowicki & Strickland, 1973) and seven measures of academic
      achievement in a random sample of 45 male residents of seven state learning
      centers for juvenile delinquents. Correlations between overall locus of control
      scores and all seven measures were significant, but with intelligence controlled
      in a partial correlation, locus of control scores were found to add little to the
      prediction of academic achievement from IQ scores alone. Discussion addressed
      possible explanations for the current findings in terms of the meaning of the
      scale for a nonnormal group and the effects of situations on responses of
      subjects.

PMID- 670594
TI  - Patterns of tobacco use among undergraduates at Harvard and Radcliffe colleges.

PMID- 670595
TI  - A nurses' guide to the acute management of suicidal patients in the student
      health center.

PMID- 670597
TI  - A dean's eye view of health services.

PMID- 670596
TI  - Developing social skills through self-control.

PMID- 670598
TI  - An assessment of student health needs: implications for the planning and
      utilization of college health services.

PMID- 670599
TI  - A descriptive and analytic study of the student health services of an urban
      university. Determinants of utilization by the student body.

PMID- 670600
TI  - Utilizing community resources for the health education program of a technical
      college.

PMID- 670601
TI  - Student organized programs in health education.

PMID- 670602
TI  - Campus resource teams.

PMID- 670603
TI  - Student reactions during a campus-wide blood pressure screening program.

PMID- 670604
TI  - An evaluation of the DASH questionnaire and the health risk analysis system.

PMID- 670605
TI  - Developing a program for crisis intervention.

PMID- 670606
TI  - Stevens-Johnson syndrome (erythema multiforme) following ingestion of
      trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole on two separate occasions in the same person: a
      case report.
AB  - Despite its content of a long-acting sulfa, the manufacturers claim that the
      literature shows no case reports of Stevens-Johnson syndrome reaction to
      trimethoprin-sulfamethoxazole. A case report in an enlightened Nigerian who
      inadvertently took the drug a second time and had second and more severe
      reactions is reported.

PMID- 670607
TI  - Long-term effects of beclomethasone dipropionate on prednisone dosage in the
      corticosteroid-dependent asthmatic.
AB  - The average prednisone dosage of 54 corticosteroid-dependent asthmatics was
      computed for one year prior to initiation of beclomethasone dipropionate. This
      was compared to the average prednisone dosage after nine months on the
      beclomethasone with progressive tapering of prednisone to either dose compatible
      with control of asthma or discontinuation. Beclomethasone was found clinically
      useful in the great majority of these patients because it permitted a significant
      decrease in dosage of prednisone, a change from daily to alternate-day
      prednisone, or discontinuation of prednisone after cautious tapering. The first
      two advantages were most evident in those asthmatics who initially required
      higher doses of oral steroids while the latter was evident in those requiring
      lower doses. Those patients whose prednisone dosage does not appear to be
      beneficially affected by the use of beclomethasone should be suspect as to
      adherence to proper medical dosage schedule.

PMID- 670608
TI  - Treatment of asthma in children with triamcinolone acetonide aerosol.
AB  - Triamcinolone acetonide aerosol, 100 microgram qid, was administered for 8 wk to
      5 steroid-dependent asthmatic children and 10 who had not previously required
      continual corticosteroid treatment. Symptomatic control and pulmonary function
      improved in all 15 children despite discontinuation of oral corticosteroids in 3
      of the steroid-dependent children. Determination of morning plasma cortisol
      concentrations disclosed no evidence of substantial adrenal suppression.
      Satisfactory symptomatic control has subsequently been maintained for 6 to 32 mo
      with doses of 100 microgram bid to 300 microgram qid without more extreme changes
      in plasma cortisol concentrations than were observed during the first 8 wk.

PMID- 670609
TI  - Quantitation of IgE antibody specific for ragweed and grass allergens: binding of
      radiolabeled allergens by solid-phase bound IgE.
AB  - IgE antibody specific for multiple allergens extracted from grass and ragweed
      pollens was measured by radioimmunoassay. The assay depends on the interaction
      between IgE antibody bound to a polystyrene solid phase, , 125I-labeled grass
      allergens (GA), and ragweed allergens (RW). The binding of 125I RW by serum IgE
      antibody from 37 allergic patients ranged from 0.2 ng to 75 ng RW protein (P)
      bound per ml. This binding of 125I RW by patient's IgE was paralleled by their
      IgE binding of 125I antigen E (AgE), a purified allergen from ragweed pollen (r =
      0.90, p less than 0.001). Inhibition of patient's IgE binding of 125I RW by
      highly purified AgE ranged from 25% to 85% indicating individual differences in
      patient's IgE response to inhaled ragweed pollen. The binding of 125I GA by serum
      IgE antibody from 7 grass-sensitive patients ranged from 0.6 ng GA P bound per ml
      to 15 ng. This assay should be useful in the study of IgE responses to
      environmental agents containing multiple allergens and has the advantage that
      other antibody classes cannot interfere with the interaction between IgE antibody
      and labeled allergens.

PMID- 670611
TI  - Professionalism.

PMID- 670610
TI  - Relationships between prednisone therapy, disease activity, and the total serum
      IgE level in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.
AB  - Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is an unusual syndrome caused by
      hypersensitivity to Aspergillus spores growing in the bronchii. Previous
      investigators have suggested that the IgE levels and precipitating antibodies may
      vary according to disease activity. We have been able to closely follow 12 out of
      a group of 40 ABPA patients with IgE and serum precipitating antibody
      measurements. Our results confirm that both the total serum IgE and the
      precipitin response vary according to ABPA disease activity. In particular the
      IgE trend appears to mirror the disease activity in that a rising level may
      portend a flare, while a stable or declining value implies disease remission.

PMID- 670612
TI  - Environmental factors associated with preschool obesity. III. Dietary intakes,
      eating patterns, and anthropometric measurements.
AB  - This longitudinal study of children from six months to six years of age showed
      differences by age, sex, and race in dietary intakes, eating patterns, and
      anthropometric measurements. Except for calories and iron at all ages and calcium
      between two and four years, most children consumed at least two-thirds of the
      Recommended Dietary Allowances. Dietary protein was consistently high at all
      ages. There was no apparent relationship between the use and need for vitamin or
      mineral supplements. At six years of age, most children ate five meals or snacks
      per day. Television commercials, children accompanying mothers to grocery stores,
      and the publicized relationships of dietary fat and cholesterol to coronary
      disease influenced food practices of families. Anthropometric measurements
      revealed that boys were consistently taller and heavier than girls. However, at
      all ages, even at six months, girls had higher skinfold values than boys. These
      data on dietary intakes, eating practices, and anthropometric measurements will
      be correlated with obesity indexes at each age in subsequent papers.

PMID- 670613
TI  - Quality characteristics of wheat-bran chiffon cakes.
AB  - Wheat bran was substituted for cake flour in chiffon cakes at 10, 20, and 30 per
      cent levels. Bran incorporation significantly affected (P less than 0.05) the
      appearance, height, and grain of chiffon cakes. Cake height decreased and cell
      size and cell wall thickness increased with higher levels of bran. Tenderness
      decreased with higher levels of bran. Compressimeter readings were higher with
      bran substitution at the 10 and 20 per cent levels. Sensory evaluation indicated
      no significant differences (P less than 0.05) between the control and 10 per cent
      bran cakes for moistness, flavor, and overall acceptability. Panelists did note a
      significant (P less than 0.05) decrease in tenderness and softness and an
      increase in crumbliness with higher bran levels. All chiffon cakes, regardless of
      bran level, were termed acceptable.

PMID- 670614
TI  - Mineral content of dairy products. II. Cheeses.
AB  - Twenty-one kinds of commercial cheese were analyzed for fat, solids, protein, and
      five major and four trace minerals. Calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium
      were determined by atomic absorption; phosphorus was determined colorimetrically.
      Flameless atomic absorption was used to determine iron, zinc, copper, and
      manganese. The data agreed in general with published values, although there were
      instances of wide variation. The data represent a comprehensive compilation of
      the mineral contents of popular cheeses that should be helpful to dietitians and
      nutritionists.

PMID- 670615
TI  - Food production relationships between entree combinations and forecasted demand.
AB  - Macro elements and values for associated Time Measurement Units were applied to
      three classifications of entrees to synthesize production time for 100, 300, and
      500 portions. Average handling and process time for each classification and time
      per portion were calculated. Data revealed that roast and single-item entrees
      required greater average handling time than combination entrees, because more
      individual handling of portions was required as forecasted demand increased.
      Process time for combination and single-item entrees increased as forecasted
      demand increased. The time for the single-item classification doubled for 300 and
      500 portions, because oven capacity was exceeded. Production time data were
      applied to six combinations (menu mixes) and quantity levels of entree
      classifications to determine production feasibility in a simulated foodservice
      system. Production problems were encountered in five of the six menu mixes
      because of system constraints. This study indicated that total production time
      estimates would be useful to foodservice managers when planning a menu mix,
      scheduling production personnel, and forecasting labor costs.

PMID- 670616
TI  - Primary prevention for overweight: Preschool Eating Patterns (PEP) Program.

PMID- 670617
TI  - Use of a programmable calculator for nutrient analysis.

PMID- 670618
TI  - Developing self-instructional units for dietary modifications.

PMID- 670619
TI  - Nutrition check-up in Newark.

PMID- 670620
TI  - Treatment of hypertension in the elderly with pindolol and clopamide.
AB  - After a 2-week washout period, 30 elderly hypertensive patients were treated with
      pindolol (a beta-adrenergic blocker) for 3 weeks. In 13 patients the reduction in
      blood pressure was satisfactory and treatment with pindolol was continued for
      another 4 weeks. In 17 patients the subsequent treatment was supplemented with
      clopamide (a diuretic) for 4 weeks; in 6 the results were satisfactory. Side
      effects were few and mild.

PMID- 670621
TI  - Werner's syndrome: analysis of 15 cases with a review of the Japanese literature.
AB  - Fifteen patients with Werner's syndrome were studied--12 males and 3 females,
      whose ages ranged from 17 to 59 years. Most of the previously reported clinical
      characteristics were confirmed, and an additional finding was the frequent
      occurrence of flat feet and hyperreflexia of the patellar and Achilles tendons.
      Also noted were an excessive urinary excretion of hyaluronic acid and a decrease
      in the T-cell subpopulation. The significance of these findings is discussed.

PMID- 670622
TI  - Clinical value of the London Psychogeriatric Rating Scale.
AB  - The London Psychogeriatric Rating Scale (LPRS) was developed in answer to the
      demand for a reliable psychometric rating scale suited to a psychogeriatric
      population. All inpatients on a Psychogeriatric Unit (approximately 140 at any
      specific time) were rated with the LPRS every third month for an 18-month period.
      The 4 components of the total score include a measure of mental status originally
      derived by factor analysis. Predictive validity has been established in terms of
      various clinically relevant areas including the following: a) ward placement; b)
      outcome (continued hospitalization, discharge, or death); c) diagnosis (by
      scoring levels and progress patterns across time); and d) ability of the patient
      to function in, or benefit from, a particular treatment program. The scale has
      been used successfully to assess a given patient's progress quantitatively and
      globally over a long period.

PMID- 670623
TI  - Geriatrics program for medical students. II. Impact of two educational
      experiences on student attitudes.
AB  - In an innovative program in geriatrics for undergraduate medical students, the
      preliminary report concerned attitudes toward the aged among health care
      personnel. This follow-up report concerns the stability of, and changes in
      medical students' attitudes toward the aged after participation in one of the
      following types of geriatric educational experience: 1) a Family Practice
      clerkship, or 2) a selective course in Medical Humanities. Although both
      experiences resulted in positive changes in general attitudes, the one that
      emphasized empathy toward the elderly along with observation of healthy aged
      persons produced more positive feelings about rehabilitation potential.
      Implications for the geriatric training of physicians are discussed in the light
      of these findings.

PMID- 670624
TI  - Abdominoperineal resection in the octogenarian.
AB  - Traditionally, abdominoperineal resection has been the accepted surgical therapy
      for anorectal carcinoma. A review is presented of the experience with this
      procedure at the University of Iowa Hospitals, involving 52 patients (33 men, 19
      women) over the age of 80 (median, 81 years). The most common symptoms were:
      rectal bleeding in 35 patients, change in character of stool in 35, weight loss
      in 13, and abdominal pain in 7. A rectal mass was palpable in 45 patients and
      visible by sigmoidoscopy in 3 others. Of the 52 patients, 23 percent (12/52) died
      before postoperative discharge from the hospital, and 32 percent of the survivors
      had significant postoperative complications. The most lethal complications were
      related to problems of surgical technique. The median survival time for patients
      discharged from the hospital was 22 months, with causes of death being equally
      distributed between recurrent carcinoma and other disorders. Abdominoperineal
      resection remains an acceptable method for treatment of anorectal carcinoma in
      the aged (80 or older) provided it is carried out with meticulous technique and
      careful selection of the patients.

PMID- 670625
TI  - Second heart sound: a phono-echocardiographic correlation in 20 cardiac patients.
AB  - In 20 cardiac patients, a study was made of the relationship between the second
      heart sound (S2) recorded by phonocardiography and the motion of the aortic valve
      recorded by simultaneous echocardiography. Since the first component of S2
      coincided with closure of the aortic valve in all 20 patients, it is concluded
      that the origin of the first component of S2 may be related to aortic valve
      closure.

PMID- 670626
TI  - "Silent" thyroiditis with symptomatic hyperthyroidism in an elderly patient.
AB  - A 93-year-old woman who presented with cardiac and gastrointestinal symptoms was
      found to have transient hyperthyroidism due to "silent" thyroiditis. The
      diagnosis was supported by the appropriate correlation between serum thyroid
      hormone levels and the thyroidal I-131 uptake and scan.

PMID- 670627
TI  - Serum digoxin levels in elderly nursing home patients: appraisal of routine
      periodic measurements.
AB  - An assessment was made of the clinical value of routine periodic measurement of
      serum digoxin levels in 51 elderly nursing home patients with cardiac disease.
      The findings showed that the serum digoxin level was not correlated with the
      dosage of digoxin nor the patient's clinical state of digitalization. All
      patients were effectively digitalized, as judged clinically, and no digitalis
      toxicity occurred despite a wide range of serum digoxin levels. When adequate
      medical supervision, electrocardiograms, roentgenograms, serum electrolyte
      determinations and renal function tests are available, the routine periodic
      measurement of serum digoxin concentration does not offer any additional benefit
      in the management of nursing home patients with cardiac disease.

PMID- 670628
TI  - Senile confusion: limitations of assessment by the face-hand test, mental status
      questionnaire, and staff ratings.
AB  - Three of the most common and convenient measures of senile confusion are informal
      staff ratings, the Face-Hand Test (FHT) and the Mental Status Questionnaire
      (MSQ). A group of 112 geriatric patients in two extended care facilities, and a
      volunteer sample of 40 community aged were examined by means of the FHT and MSQ.
      These instruments proved valuable in differentiating patients rated as confused
      from those rated as lucid and alert, and from the community subjects. However,
      each of these measures, as well as the staff ratings, produced false negative
      findings. Staff ratings incorrectly identified a hypochondriacal and paranoid
      patient as confused. The FHT scores of lucid and alert patients with some brain
      damage were low. MSQ scores of some poorly educated immigrants were very low,
      even though these patients were rated as lucid and alert by the staff and passed
      the FHT. One normally lucid and alert patient with a fever and an irregular rapid
      pulse failed both the FHT and the MSQ. Guidelines for further use of these
      instruments are presented.

PMID- 670629
TI  - Reactions of lipids in corn with ammonia.

PMID- 670630
TI  - Angular relationships of the metatarsal, talus and calcaneus: a radiographic
      analysis.

PMID- 670631
TI  - The extensor hallucis longus and the flexor hallucis longus tendons in hallux
      abducto valgus.

PMID- 670632
TI  - The role of adductor hallucis in bunion deformity (Part II).

PMID- 670633
TI  - The axis of motion of the rearfoot complex.

PMID- 670634
TI  - Post-traumatic recurrent subluxation of the tibialis posterior tendon: a case
      report.

PMID- 670635
TI  - Overlapping deformity of the digits in the pediatric patient: a conservative
      approach to treatment.

PMID- 670636
TI  - Case records of the California Podiatry Hospital. Clinicopathologic exercise:
      congestive heart failure with peripheral involvement.

PMID- 670637
TI  - Foot care: its relationship to total health care.

PMID- 670639
TI  - Heel cushioning--use of silicone compound.

PMID- 670638
TI  - Turf toe: an acute inflammatory response to athletic activity on artificial
      playing surfaces.

PMID- 670640
TI  - [Treatment of non-metastasized breast cancer. Introduction].

PMID- 670641
TI  - [Surgery in non-metastasized cancer of the breast].

PMID- 670642
TI  - [The place of irradiation in local and regional treatment of non-metastasized
      breast cancers. Experience of the Fondation Curie (Paris) 514 cases (1960-
      1970)].

PMID- 670643
TI  - [Prognostic factors and therapeutic protocol].

PMID- 670644
TI  - [Current management of dystocia. Definition of dystocia].

PMID- 670645
TI  - [Dystocia of maternal origin. 1. Management of bony dystocia].

PMID- 670646
TI  - [Dystocia of maternal origin. 2. Abnormalities in uterine contraction and
      dilatation. Dynamic dystocia].

PMID- 670647
TI  - [Dystocia of maternal origin. Management in dystocia due to congenital uterine
      abnormalities].

PMID- 670648
TI  - [Dystocia of fetal origin].

PMID- 670649
TI  - [Physiology and pharmacology of lactation].

PMID- 670650
TI  - [Simultaneous determination of serum levels of estradiol, prolactin, casein and
      immunoreactive neurophysins in pregnant and lactating women].

PMID- 670651
TI  - [Interrelationship between breast feeding, nutritional state and reproduction].

PMID- 670652
TI  - [Salt-free diet and pregnancy].

PMID- 670653
TI  - [Reproduction and family planning].

PMID- 670654
TI  - [Physician education in family health matters].

PMID- 670655
TI  - [Education in health and family planning to nurses and midwives].

PMID- 670656
TI  - [Multidisciplinary education of personnel in family health].

PMID- 670657
TI  - [Integration of basic Family Health Services].

PMID- 670658
TI  - [Vaginal aplasia with a functional uterus; surgical results and comments. Apropos
      of 10 case reports].

PMID- 670659
TI  - Evidence to the Royal Commission on the National Health Service.

PMID- 670660
TI  - Consumer attitudes toward health policy and knowledge about health legislation.
AB  - Consumer attitudes toward key issues affecting health policy decisions in the
      local community have been ignored both by local health policy makers and by
      medical sociologists. The authors report an empirical analysis of: (1) consumer
      attitudes towards federal intervention in health care; (2) consumer perceptions
      of the free market philosophy of health providers; (3) consumer perceptions of
      their involvement in health policy making; (4) consumer confidence in present
      systems of health services delivery; and (5) consumer awareness of recent major
      health legislation. It was found that consumers are poorly informed about recent
      health care legislation. The authors compared the attitudes of consumers with
      those held by local hospital board members toward health policy issues. The
      differences for all comparisons were statistically significant. The authors argue
      that hospital board members attribute problems in health services delivery to
      demand dysfunctions while consumers perceive the problems to be a result of
      supply dysfunctions. Thus, failure to include consumers on health policy boards
      guarantees the absence of a solution-oriented dialogue and promotes the
      continuing predominance of a provider-biased ideology.

PMID- 670661
TI  - The president's Commission on Mental Health.

PMID- 670662
TI  - Bitter medicine.

PMID- 670663
TI  - Regulatory policy and abortion clinics: implications for planning.
AB  - The practicalities of formulating regulatory policy associated with elective
      abortion often place public health officials at the center of political
      controversy. Resulting conflicts can inhibit a rational consideration of long
      term objectives in implementing a national policy which assures legal
      accessibility to all who would select abortion as an alternative to term birth.
      Regulation which uses primarily structural criteria for monitoring and evaluating
      services tends to de-emphasize the importanc of contraceptive counseling as a
      component of abortion services. Our process/outcome evaluation of abortion
      clinics located in Chicago suggests that contraceptive counseling provided at the
      time of the abortion procedure has a potential long-term impact in terms of
      reducing the need for elective abortion. We suggest that regulation policy should
      include process and outcome criteria which support the eventual reduction in need
      for abortion as a long-range policy goal and suggest key issues for consideration
      when such a policy is formulated.

PMID- 670664
TI  - Health policy and the blood market.

PMID- 670665
TI  - Federal influence on state health policy.
AB  - This paper reports on research that was intended to demonstrate the impact of
      federal programs on state health policy goals. The sample included four Public
      Health Service programs (Health Planning and Resources Development, Nurse
      Training, Cooperative Health Statistics and the Community Mental Health Centers
      program) in six states (Colorado, Maryland, Michigan, Oregon, South Carolina, and
      Texas). The authors conclude that, in general, states' political environments
      tailor program implementation to suit state preferences.

PMID- 670666
TI  - Politics and economics of hospital cost containment.
AB  - Voluntary and regulatory efforts toward hospital cost-containment have
      accelerated with rapid increases in those costs and under pressures of national
      health insurance. Possible causes of hospital cost inflation are examined in the
      context of market analysis and with reference to the nature of hospitals as
      institutions facing special combinations of economic and political conditions and
      pressures. Some details of voluntary experiments and state regulatory efforts are
      examined in order to assess the elements of experience to date and their
      relationships to causes of hospital cost inflation. Federal proposals for a
      regulatory cap on costs are also discussed along with a view of how such
      proposals are related to probable causes of hospital cost inflation and of the
      relevance of other experience.

PMID- 670667
TI  - The distribution of Ancylostoma caninum larvae in the central nervous system of
      the mouse infected with single or repeated doses.
AB  - The distribution of Ancylostoma caninum larvae in the various regions of the
      central nervous system of mice of previously uninfected or reinfected groups was
      studied. Although a dose of 4000 larvae was lethal, the distribution of larvae
      was not appreciable in the CNS. Many larvae were recovered from the cerebral
      hemispheres and cerebellum of infected mice whereas no incidence of eye
      involvement was observed in any mouse. In the reinfected mice groups there was a
      much lower recovery than in the previously uninfected groups in the latent period
      of study.

PMID- 670668
TI  - The influence of physical factors on the behaviour and infectivity of miracidia
      of Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium. II. Effect of light and depth.
AB  - A striking difference was found in the responses of Schistosoma mansoni and S.
      haematobium miracidia to the intensity and direction of light and to gravity. S.
      mansoni miracidia were found to be positively phototactic and sensitive to small
      changes in light intensities. They were indifferent to gravity. S. haematobium
      miracidia however were negatively phototactic and unable to distinguish low light
      intensities from darkness. They showed a strong positive geotaxis. Both S.
      mansoni and S. haematobium miracidia could successfully find and infect snails to
      a depth of 2 metres of water: the significance of these findings in relation to
      transmission of schistosomiasis in the field is discussed.

PMID- 670669
TI  - Studies with Brugia pahangi. 15. Cobalt 60 irradiation of the worm.
AB  - Infective larvae of Brugia pahangi were irradiated at 10, 25 or 45 krads by means
      of a Cobalt 60 source. In cats, 10 krads caused the worms to be stunted and
      sterile but allowed them to become 5th stage, migrate posteriorly into the
      afferent lymphatic, and produce pathology. 25 krads prevented the worms from
      developing beyond the early fourth stage and from migrating away from the
      popliteal lymph node. No gross pathological reacions were evident. 45 krads
      produced the same effects as 25 krads but the longevity of the worms was much
      reduced.

PMID- 670670
TI  - Studies with Brugia pahangi. 16. Precipitation antibody in infected cats detected
      by counterimmunoelectrophoresis.
AB  - In cats infected with normal, or irradiated, infective (L3) larvae of Brugia
      pahangi counterimmunoelectrophoresis revealed the presence of antibody to soluble
      antigens derived from microfilariae, adults and infective larvae of the same
      parasite. Infected cats with a persistently high to moderate microfilaraemia gave
      positive precipitin reactions to L3, microfilarial and adult worm antigens. Cats
      which had become amicrofilaraemic had antibody to L3 and microfilarial antigens
      but not to adult worm antigen. Serum from cats inoculated with irradiated L3
      larvae produced a precipitin reaction only to the L3 antigen.

PMID- 670671
TI  - Two new species of Enenterum Linton, 1910 (Digenea) in the marine fish Neoscorpis
      lithophilus (Kyphosidae) from the south-western Indian Ocean.
AB  - Enenterum elsti sp. nov. and E. prudhoei sp. nov. are described from the
      intestine of Neoscorpis lithophilus off Mapelane, Natal, South Africa. These
      species differ from others of the genus Enenterum in the ratio of oral sucker to
      body-length and in the length of the prepharynx. E. elsti differs from E.
      prudhoei in size, in sucker-ratio and in the number and configuration of the oral
      lobes. A key to the species of Enenterum is presented and the status of the genus
      briefly discussed.

PMID- 670672
TI  - Dioctowittus spp. Chabaud and Le Van Hoa 1960 (Nematoda: Adenophorea) from
      Australian snakes.
AB  - Dioctowittus denisoniae n. sp. from Denisonia punctata differs from D. wittei and
      D. chabaudi in the smaller size, lack of vestigeal male precloacal sucker, short
      egg-filaments, the presence of lateral expansions at the posterior end in the
      male, and in the expansions of the oesophageal tissue between the stichocytes.
      Dioctowittus sp. from Liasis amethystimus differs from the three described
      species in the posession of lateral lobes at both extremities.

PMID- 670673
TI  - Polyonchobothrium scleropagis n. sp. (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea) from the
      Australian osteoglossid fish Scleropages leichardti Gunther.
AB  - Polyonchobothrium scleropagis (Cestoda: Pseudophyllidea) is described as a new
      species from the Australian osteoglossid fish Sclerophages leichardti Gunther.

PMID- 670674
TI  - Phaneropsolus aspinosus sp. n. (Lecithodendriidae: Phaneropsolinae) from the leaf
      monkey Macaca fascicularia (Raffles).

PMID- 670675
TI  - Studies on humoral immunity against Taenia taeniaeformis infection in rats.
AB  - Rats were infected with doses of 100, 1000, 5000 and 10 000 eggs of Taenia
      taeniaeformis. Haemagglutinating antibody to cysticerus antigen was detected at
      the 4th week of infection. The appearance and levels of antibody titre did not
      vary greatly with the infective dose. An IgM peak appeared at the 6th week, with
      IgG appearing slightly later and continuing to rise. Transfer of serum from the
      1st week onwards from infections with 1000 eggs however could confer significant
      protection. Dilutions of hyperimmune serum (1 ml volumes) of up to 1/32 conferred
      significant protection on normal recipients. Hyperimmune serum transferred up to
      4 days before challenge could confer 80% protection whereas serum transferred 4
      days after challenge was totally non-protective. The significance of this finding
      is discussed in the light of current knowledge of metacestode immunity.

PMID- 670676
TI  - Effect of rabbit strain on activity level and cytotoxicity of serum complement.
AB  - Serum samples from about 10 males and 10 females from each of 16 genetically
      defined strains of rabbits and from one hybrid were tested as sources of
      complement for the microtiter lymphocytotoxicity test. Lymph nodes from mice of
      strain B10.A/Sn were used as the target cells with a strong H-2 alloantiserum.
      Results indicate marked strain differences. Rabbit serum from a hybrid between
      the two best strains IIIC/J and IIIVO/J was almost as satisfactory as the
      parental strains and better than all other strains tested in this system,
      indicating a genetic basis for the response. The results of testing aliquots of
      these serum samples against other test systems including human cell lines will
      have to be in hand before a general statement can be made, but preliminary
      unpublished data against lymph nodes from A/HeJ and C3H/HeJ strain mice and tumor
      cells from an ascites form of a sarcoma Sal-A are encouraging and suggest a
      consistent superiority of the two strains and the hybrid between them referred to
      above.

PMID- 670677
TI  - Y two X's? AN XXY genotype in Chinese hamster, C. griseus.

PMID- 670678
TI  - Polymorphism at the glucosephosphate isomerase locus in the dog.
AB  - A polymorphism of the enzyme glucosephosphate isomerase (GPI) in canine red blood
      cells is reported. This polymorphism was detected by horizontal starch gel
      electrophoresis utilizing a tris-EDTA-borate buffer system of pH 8.0. Four out of
      92 dogs examined appeared to be heterozygous at this locus.

PMID- 670679
TI  - The genetics of blind--a lethal factor in mice.
AB  - The linkage relationships of the lethal gene blind (Bld) in the mouse were
      investigated. The gene is located on chromosome 15, between uw and bt. The
      distance uw--Bld is 28.2 +/- 5.1 cM: Bld--bt is 14.9 +/- 2.7 cM: and Bld--Ca is
      24.6 +/- 2.6 cM. Incomplete penetrance and/or reduced viability of Bld/+ animals
      was found when blind animals were crossed to several strains, but the cross
      female DBA/2J X male blind yielded complete penetrance and specificity. Evidence
      is presented for the presence of X-linked modifiers affecting the penetrance and
      possible increased viability of Bld in strain DBA.

PMID- 670680
TI  - Evidence for glycogen particles in the peroxisome of riboflavin deficient mouse
      kidney.
AB  - In the proximal tubular cells of the kidney in riboflavin deficient mice,
      electron dense particulate materials of about 30 nm in diameter were observed in
      the matrix of the peroxisome-like cytoplasmic bodies. The cytochemical study
      showed that these cytoplasmic bodies were negative for acid phosphatase activity
      and positive for DAB reaction, thus indicating that these organelles were
      peroxisomes. The particulate materials in peroxisomes were well stained with
      aqueous uranyl acetate, lead tartrate, alkaline bismuth and periodate acid
      bismuth. These particles were also digested by amylase. These results indicated
      that the particulate materials in peroxisomes were native glycogen particles.
      From the present study it was apparent that the peroxisome contained glycogen
      particles, and suggested the possibility that in some conditions glycogen might
      be synthesized in the peroxisome.

PMID- 670681
TI  - Localization of carbohydrate components in rat colon with fluoresceinated
      lectins.
AB  - Cryostat sections of rat descending colon were studied by fluorescence microscopy
      after exposure to conjugates of fluorescein isothicoyanate with lectins from
      Glycine max (soybean), Triticum vulgaris (wheat germ), Ricinus communis (castor
      bean), Ulex europaeus, (gorse), Dolichos biflorus (horse gram) and Canavalia
      ensiformis (concanavalin A) (Jack bean). No two lectins showed identical patterns
      of fluorescence. FITC-conjugates of soybean and D. biflorus lectins reacted
      strongly with the mucus present in the crypt lumens and with the surface (as well
      as cytoplasm) of the epithelial cells suggesting that these sites are rich in
      terminal, non-reducing, N-acetylgalactosamine residues. Wheat germ, R. communis,
      U. europaeus and concanavalin A-FITC conjugates did not stain mucus but showed
      fluorescence in the cytoplasm of absorptive cells as well as in the lamina
      propria and submucosa. The FITC-R. communis conjugate also reacted with
      structures in the apical portion of epithelial cells that may correspond to the
      Golgi apparatus.

PMID- 670682
TI  - Cytophotometric analyses of myocardial RNA in rats exposed to altitude hypoxia.
AB  - Analytical cytophotometry of azure B-stained heart sections was employed to
      investigate the pattern of myocardial ribonucleic acid (RNA) alterations in rats
      exposed to acute (1-2 days) and prolonged periods (1-8 weeks) of hypoxia exposure
      (380 torr). Data support the existence of a slight transient drop in myocardial
      RNA on day one of exposure followed by a restoration to levels slightly elevated
      over controls during a 1- to 8-week exposure interval. Because of the high
      variability in RNA levels among myocytes (coefficient of variation, ca 40%), a
      shift in the proportion of low and high RNA containing segments of the myocyte
      population proved to be a more sensitive indicator of suppression or augmentation
      of RNA synthesis than the use of average RNA levels of the cell population
      analyzed. Microscopic analyses revealed the presence of compensatory vascular
      responses which could be effective in ameliorating the extent of tissue
      hypoxemia, i.e., capillary vasodilation on day 1 with a progressive increase in
      vascularization with prolonged exposure.

PMID- 670683
TI  - Relative mobility of con A and anionic receptor sites on the cell surface of
      lymphocytes. A quantitative-cytochemical study.
AB  - Events following the binding of Concanavalin A and cationized ferritin to the
      surface of normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes were followed using
      ultracytochemical methods. In this paper, we described a technique involving
      microdensitometry, which was employed in order to make a comparative cytochemical
      quantitation of the dense horseradish peroxidase-diaminobenzidine reaction
      products representing the states of Concanavalin A receptors under various
      conditions of distribution and redistribution. The technique presents a direct
      approach to the analysis of various probes that are currently being employed for
      studying the nature and distribution of various cell surface components. An
      attempt was also made to analyze the distribution of anionic sites, and their
      lateral redistribution is compared with the mobility of Concanavalin A receptors.
      The data presented suggests an independent mobility of receptors for Concanavalin
      A and cationized ferritin.

PMID- 670684
TI  - Stigma, sex and society: a new look at gender differentiation and sexual
      variation.
AB  - This paper takes a critical look at the hormonal basis of sexual behavior and
      concludes that it plays no part in determination of sexual activity or sexual
      preference in any of its forms including homosexuality and transsexualism. The
      empirical evidence of psychosexual functioning does not support Money's schema
      which suggest that sexual variation (homosexuality), transsexualism, and
      transvestism are incongruities of gender identity. At alternative approach which
      places gender differentiation and sexual variation in a social context is
      presented.

PMID- 670685
TI  - Couples: the hidden segment of the gay world.
AB  - This study explores the relationships of 15 homosexual couples--5 female and 10
      male couples. In duration the relationships ranged from 7 months to 13 years. In
      age the partners ranged from 19 to 50. Findings indicate that the partners met in
      social as compared with sexual settings, that relationships are more common for
      females than for males, that female more than male couples require sexual
      fidelity between partners, that male more than female couples desire children,
      and that there was no "butch-femme" role playing in the relationships. Social
      incompatibility of partners and social pressure are seen as causes for the
      breakup of relationships.

PMID- 670686
TI  - Toward a new model of treatment of homosexuality: a review.
AB  - A review of the literature of outcome studies in the psychoanalytic or behavioral
      treatment of homosexuality reveals limited results when "heterosexual shift" is
      the goal. Recently, however, a growing body of empirical knowledge has
      accumulated that challenges the illness or maladaptive model of homosexuality.
      Consequently, a new model has been emerging that is designed to assist
      homosexuals to recognize, accept, and value their sexual identity and to help
      them adjust to this identity in a predominantly heterosexual society.
      Unfortunatley, only a few studies exist that examine the result of this new
      approach.

PMID- 670687
TI  - The effects of social sex-role stereotypes and sexual orientation on
      psychotherapeutic outcomes.
AB  - This paper examines the relationship of biological sex, social sex-role
      stereotypes, and sexual orientation of client and the therapist to
      psychotherapeutic outcomes. It was hypothesized that analogus biological sex,
      departures in social sex-role, and sexual orientation of client and therapist
      would have positive effects on psychotherapeutic outcomes. Twenty-four clients
      and 16 therapist, including five client-therapist pairs, were interviewed on how
      issues of social sex-role stereotyping and sexual orientation arose and were
      dealt with in therapy. The results indicated (a) a trend toward more positive
      outcomes when client and therapist were of the same sex, and (b) that similarity
      of sexual orientation of client and therapist is related to positive
      psychotherapeutic outcomes. The results for deparature from social sex-role
      stereotypes were inconclusive.

PMID- 670688
TI  - The male adolescent involved with a pederast becomes and adult.
AB  - A longitudinal study of nine cases in reported where the adolescent male was
      engaged after puberty in sexual activity with an adult male. Observations are
      reported in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th  decades after the teenage years in these
      cases. The subjects were drawn from a pool of 200 similar cases and are the cases
      where the most data are available. Implications for professionals dealing with
      adolescent sexuality are made. Gaps between what is legally permitted and what is
      actual practice are pointed out. Need for further research and the areas for that
      research are implied. A case against premature labeling is made.

PMID- 670689
TI  - Training controversies.

PMID- 670690
TI  - Cobalt:a review.

PMID- 670691
TI  - A survey of dietitians' work in hospitals in the United Kingdom.

PMID- 670692
TI  - Community nutrition in Bermuda.

PMID- 670693
TI  - Nutrition education.

PMID- 670694
TI  - Ketogenic diets.

PMID- 670695
TI  - Physician participation in health insurance plans: evidence on Blue Shield.
AB  - Various health insurance programs, including Blue Shield, have developed
      arrangements whereby the physician agrees to accept the insurer's reimbursement
      as payment in full. Incentives facing the physician to accept an arrangement of
      this type are reviewed in this study. The empirical work uses data on individual
      physicians from a 1973 survey. The results indicate that physician willingness to
      accept insurer reimbursement as payment in full is sensitive to the amount the
      insurer pays for specific procedures and to other insurance program
      characteristics. Physicians located in high patient income areas and/or with
      relatively prestigious credentials are less likely to accept insurer payments as
      payment in full. The empirical findings are used to generate policy implications
      pertaining to the Medicare and Medicaid programs, to medical care quality-access
      tradeoffs, and to national health insurance.

PMID- 670696
TI  - Molecular heterogeneity of secretory IgA anti-DNP antibodies.
AB  - Evidence is presented that demonstrates that the microscale sucrose isoelectric
      focusing technique can be used to assess the molecular heterogeneity of secretory
      IgA anti-DNP antibodies. The data indicate that substitution of the DNP group on
      the bacterial carrier, pneumococcus, can limit the structural complexity of
      secretory IgA anti-DNP antibodies. The data support the concept that factors
      governing secretory IgA antibody heterogeneity are analogous to those influencing
      the heterogeneity of serum IgG antibodies.

PMID- 670697
TI  - Polymorphism of tissue and serum amyloid A (AA and SAA) proteins in the mouse.
AB  - Amino acid sequence studies of the amino terminal 25 residues of amyloid A (AA)
      protein and the serum precursor (SAA) induced with casein or LPS indicate
      differences in the sequence at position 6 and significant heterogeneity at
      several other positions in SAA. These findings suggest that SAA is a polymorphic
      serum protein and raise the possibility that only certain forms of SAA are
      processed to the tissue amyloid fibril.

PMID- 670698
TI  - A quantitative fluorometric assay for detection and characterization of Fc
      receptors.
AB  - A new quantitative fluorometric binding assay that uses fluoresceinated
      aggregated IgG is proposed for the study of Fc receptors. The method was compared
      with a radiolabeling binding assay on three well characterized murine cell lines
      (38C-13, EL4, and BW). The apparent association constant of the binding and the
      amount of aggregated IgG bound per cell at saturation were calculated. The
      fluorometric assay enables the detection of 5 X 10(-10) M bound aggregated IgG.
      Inhibition studies with monomeric IgG, reduced and alkylated aggregated IgG, and
      aggregated F(ab')2 fragments of IgG confirmed the specificity of the assay.
      Staphylococcal protein A inhibited the binding of the aggregated IgG to Fc
      receptors.

PMID- 670699
TI  - A specific indicator for mouse lymphocyte C3b receptors.
AB  - IgM-sensitized sheep E bearing guinea pig C4 and C3b (EAC43bgp) react as strongly
      with mouse spleen cell C3b receptors as do optimally prepared EACmo. Yet, when
      the C3b is converted to C3d by incubation with heated serum at low ionic
      strength, reactivity with mouse spleen cells is completely lost whereas binding
      to guinea pig spleen cells remains high. It is concluded on the basis of this and
      other evidence that EAC43bgp are a sensitive and specific indicator for mouse
      lymphocyte C3b receptors. Degradation of the C3b on these cells will not cause
      misleading binding to C3d receptors, as could occur with cells bearing mouse C3b.

PMID- 670700
TI  - Immunologic tolerance in the chicken. I. Isolation of two suppressive fractions
      from serum of chickens tolerant to bovine serum albumin.
AB  - Serum from 14-day-old chickens rendered tolerant at hatching with 1250 mg bovine
      serum albumin (BSA)/KBW was found to suppress an adoptive secondary response to
      BSA and an in vitro response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC). Chromatographic
      separation resulted in three fractions: I, II, and III. The suppressive activity
      was found to be contained in fraction I (m.w. greater than 1 X 10(6)) and
      fraction III (m.w. less than 2.5 X 10(4)). Analysis of fraction I by affinity
      chromatographic techniques revealed that it was composed of soluble BSA-antibody
      complexes and their removal removed the suppressive activity. Analysis of peak
      III revealed that the suppressive activity could only be removed by BSA and anti
      Line 3 antiserum columns.

PMID- 670701
TI  - The induction of macrophage proliferation in vitro by a lymphocyte-produced
      factor.

PMID- 670702
TI  - Trinitrophenylated red cells (E-TNP) as a model for antibody-independent
      activation of the complement system via the classical pathway.
AB  - Recently, it was shown that DNP-substituted human serum albumin (DNP-HSA) bound
      directly C1q, a subcomponent of C1. Evidence is presented that TNP-conjugated
      erythrocyte (E-TNP) were lysed by autologous sera as source of complement (C).
      The lysis was strongly dependent on the TNP substitution rate so that the TNP
      carrying erythrocytes can be used directly as an indicator for the TNP-C
      interaction. The TNP-induced lysis of erythrocytes required the presence of C1q,
      C4, and Ca++, indicating a dependency on the classical pathway of C. Purified C1
      is directly bound to E-TNP; C1 bound to E-TNP could be transferred to EAC4. From
      E-TNP-C1 the intermediates E-TNP-C14 and E-TNP-C142 can be formed by successive
      addition of C4 and C2 similarly to EAC14 and EAC142. Native C1 can be activated
      to C1 by E-TNP in the same fashion as by EA. The E-TNP model provides evidence
      that the "activated" Fc part of the antibody molecule is not unique in its
      ability to trigger the internal activation of C1. Molecules with negatively
      charged groups, like polyanions, or molecules with high electron dense groups,
      like DNP or TNP, can activate the C system via the classical pathway by binding
      directly to C1q.

PMID- 670703
TI  - Corticosteroids block newly induced but not constitutive functions of macrophage
      cell lines: myeloid colony-stimulating activity production, latex phagocytosis,
      and antibody-dependent lysis of RBC and tumor targets.
AB  - Hydrocortisone at 10(-4) M added to macrophage cell lines had no effect on the
      following activities: J774.1 antibody-dependent phagocytosis and lysis of sheep
      RBC, RAW 264 antibody-dependent lysis of tumor targets, latex bead phagocytosis
      by PU5-1.8 cells, and constitutive production of myeloid colony-stimulating
      activity (CSA) by WEHI-3 cells. In contrast, 10(-4) M hydrocortisone completely
      inhibited LPS or PPD activation of the following functions: induced production of
      myeloid CSA, stimulation of latex phagocytosis and stimulation of antibody
      dependent lysis of tumor targets by PU5-1.8 cell line, and stimulation of
      antibody-dependent lysis of RBC targets by RAW 264 cell line. Lower
      concentrations of hydrocortisone or dexamethasone at 10(-6) M inhibited the LPS
      induction of CSA from 55 to 90%. Growth inhibition of PU5-1.8 cells caused by 1
      microgram/ml LPS was also partially reversed by corticosteroids. Thus, steroids
      block these newly induced but not constitutive functions of these macrophage
      cells in culture.

PMID- 670704
TI  - Oxygen immunosuppression: modification of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis
      in rodents.
AB  - Using protocols that incorporated double blind examination of animals sensitized
      to CNS antigen, we confirmed and amplified earlier findings of the complete
      suppression of EAE in rodents by hyperbaric oxygen. The effects of O2 were
      related to the gas pressure and duration of treatment. The development of
      paralytic disease was prevented for 34 days after sensitization (the longest
      interval studied). Compressed air or normobaric O2 administered under similar
      conditions did not modify the course of illness. Within 7 to 10 days after the
      discontinuance of oxygen therapy the majority of treated guinea pigs developed
      typical signs of EAE with characteristic lesions in the CNS. The relapses
      occurred  sooner in the Lewis rat. The development of the delayed
      hypersensitivity reaction to myelin basic protein and to tuberculin is also
      suppressed by O2 therapy indicating that its effects upon autoimmune
      encephalomyelitis involves fundamental alterations of the cellular components of
      the immune response, some or all of which are reversible.

PMID- 670705
TI  - Kinetic assessment of alternative complement pathway activity in a hemolytic
      system. I. Experimental and mathematical analyses.

PMID- 670706
TI  - Kinetic assessment of alternative complement pathway activity in a hemolytic
      system. II. Influence of antibody on alternative pathway activation.
AB  - By using a kinetic assay, we have examined the role of antibody in the lysis of
      rabbit erythrocytes (RaRBC) through the alternative complement (C) pathway. Sera
      from some hypogammaglobulinemic (Hgamma) humans and all agammaglobulinemic
      chickens tested had subnormal activity in the assay. Heated normal human or
      chicken sera, but not heated Hgamma sera, restored activity to deficient Hgamma
      serum and initiated hemolysis in the presence of rabbit serum as C source.
      Absorption of heated normal human serum with RaRBC, but not with sheep
      erythrocytes or zymosan, removed its ability to reconstitute deficient Hgamma
      serum. Normal hemolytic activity could be resotred to Hgamma serum with human
      IgM, IgG, or colostral IgA, with goat anti-RaRBC IgG, or with an eluate from
      serum-sensitized RaRBC, but not with myeloma IgA. Restoration of hemolytic
      activity to Hgamma serum could be achieved in a dose-dependent fashion with the
      F(ab')2 fragment of IgG. These results suggest that antibody exerts a significant
      rate-limiting effect on alternative pathway activity in the RaRBC lytic system.
      This raises the possibility that antibody may be required for efficient
      alternative pathway activity in vivo and that the pyogenic infections that occur
      in Hgamma individuals are due to inefficient activation and fixation of C3
      through either the classical or alternative pathway.

PMID- 670707
TI  - Nonspecific suppressive and cytostatic activities mediated by human colonic
      carcinoma tissue or cultured cell extract.
AB  - We have previously shown that soluble extracts from human colonic carcinoma (SCE)
      were potent inhibitors of the PHA-induced DNA synthesis of normal allogeneic
      peripheral lymphocytes. From the present study, SCE appeared to have a broad and
      nonspecific range of activity. The SCE-suppressive effect was observed whatever
      the lymphoid organ or the animal species used as a source of stimulated
      lymphocytes. Moreover, we always obtained a complete inhibition of the
      lymphoproliferative response to all tested mitogens including PHA, Con A, PWM,
      and, for animal lymphocytes, LPS. In addition to the suppressive activity on
      lymphocytes, SCE also inhibited proliferation of cultured human CCL6 embryonic
      intestine cells and HT29 colonic carcinoma cells, and of cultured rat
      fibrosarcoma cells. Soluble extracts from HT29 cells (SCCE) were able to mimic
      the nonspecific suppressive and cytostatic activities of SCE. The suppressive
      activity was also found in extracts from hepatic metastases (SHME) of a primary
      colonic tumor. In contrast, soluble extracts from normal liver or nonmalignant
      colonic mucosa did not interfere with cell proliferation. These data suggest that
      both SCE and SCCE contain molecular components(s) that can inhibit a wide variety
      of proliferating cells, including stimulated lymphocytes.

PMID- 670708
TI  - Inhibition of human urinary kallikrein (urokallikrein) by anti-enzyme FAB.

PMID- 670709
TI  - In vitro sensitization of human lymphocytes against histiocytic lymphoma cell
      lines. II. Characterization of two different effector activities and of
      suppressor cells.
AB  - Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from normal human donors were tested for
      natural killing (NK) activity and for two types of in vitro induced cytotoxicity
      against allogeneic diffuse histiocytic lymphoma (DHL) cell lines. Culture-induced
      cytotoxic (CIC) activity developed in cultures of unseparated PBL incubated in
      the presence of fetal bovine serum (FBS) but not in the presence of human serum
      (HS). The CIC mediating effector cells were removed by nylon wool adherence,
      whereas the NK cells were not. A second type of in vitro induced cytotoxicity was
      obtained by specific sensitization against DHL cells (SIC). The SIC effector
      cells were not retained by nylon wool. SIC was manifested after sensitization in
      medium containing HS but not in FBS-containing medium unless nylon wool adherent
      cells were removed before sensitization. The lack of SIC in the presence of FBS
      appeared to be due to nylon wool-adherent suppressor cells. Such suppressor
      activity was also removed by plastic adherence or elimination of phagocytic
      cells. CIC and suppressive activity were found to be mediated by different cell
      populations.

PMID- 670710
TI  - Sheep erythrocyte rosettes in pigs, sheep, cattle and goats demonstrated in the
      presence of dextran.
AB  - Formation of rosettes  with sheep RBC by blood lymphocytes from young pigs was
      increased from 24.4% +/- 2.2 (mean +/- S.E.) in PBS to 54.1% +/- 1.9 in the
      presence of dextran. This increase was achieved without inducing appreciable
      rosette formation with other RBC which do not form rosettes in PBS. Lymphocytes
      which rosette only in dextran are predominant in pigs between 20 and 160 days
      old, when the peripheral lymphocyte pool is increasing very rapidly. The use of
      dextran revealed major populations of blood lymphocytes rosetting with SRBC in
      adult sheep (30.7% +/- 2.0), adult cattle (37.3% +/- 4.2) and adult goats (13.3%
      +/- 1.2). Proportions of rosette-forming lymphocytes tended to increase with age.
      In calf lymphoid tissues the distribution of rosette-forming lymphocytes
      suggested that these were T cells. In the improvement of rosette formation with
      SRBC, dextran was more effective than foetal calf serum, papain treatment of the
      SRBC or combinations of these treatments.

PMID- 670711
TI  - Kinetics of immunoglobulin production by cultured human peripheral blood
      lymphocytes.
AB  - A study of immunoglobulin synthesis by human peripheral blood lymphocytes
      cultured in Marbrook flasks is described. Maximal amounts of immunoglobulin were
      produced by 3 weeks and most of this was synthesised between 6 and 21 days. In
      the region of 90% of the immunoglobulin was secreted into the medium. Pokeweed
      mitogen (PWM) stimulated cultures produced about 10 times as much immunoglobulin
      as cells cultured in medium only. After 21 days stimulated cultures produced
      about 150 microgram of IgG, 125 microgram of IgM and 50 microgram of IgA per
      10(7) cells.

PMID- 670712
TI  - In vitro stimulation of goat peripheral blood lymphocytes: optimization and
      kinetics of the response to mitogens and to allogeneic lymphocytes.
AB  - Experiments were performed to establish the optimal concentrations for specific
      and non-specific lymphocyte transformation in vitro, in cultures containing 10(5)
      10(6) caprine lymphocytes. A microculture system was used in conjunction with a
      semiautomatic sample harvester. The assay was optimized for mitogen concentration
      (PHA-P, Con A, PWM and LPS) and allogeneic cell number, number of responding
      cells, incubation time and amount of tracer. The effect of addition of serum and
      the cytotoxic effect of phytomitogens on cultured cells is discussed.

PMID- 670713
TI  - Lymphocyte response to phytohemagglutinin: temporal variation in normal dogs.
AB  - The lymphocyte response to mitogens is frequently used as a screening method for
      monitoring general immunocompetence. In practice, however, the technique is
      potentially misleading. The results presented here suggest that temporal
      variation in lymphocyte response is the norm. Considerable variation in response
      to phytohemagglutinin was found for several dogs tested over different time
      periods. The response for any individual dog also fluctuated whether testing was
      at 2-week intervals, daily, or even every 4 h. This temporal variation remained
      whether separated lymphocytes or whole blood was cultured and when the results
      were expressed on a per lymphocyte basis. This suggests that there is a real
      difference in the response capability of individual lymphocytes. Factors
      affecting the numbers of leukocytes and the proportions of different types of
      lymphocytes in the peripheral blood are suggested as a possible source of the
      variation. Because of the inherent variation in lymphocyte responsiveness, it is
      necessary to test at different intervals to obtain an accurate indication of the
      general status of an individual's immunocompetence and to determine the time of
      peak response capability for that individual.

PMID- 670714
TI  - Quantitation of secretory protein levels by radioimmunoassay.
AB  - A radioimmunoassay was designed for the detection of secretory protein, a
      component of secretory immunoglobulin A, in human serum. The assay uses free
      secretory protein isolated from human colostrum, and antisera raised in rabbits
      to the purified antigen. The mean level of secretory protein in the control group
      was 2.34 +/- 0.41 microgram/ml (mean +/- S.E.M.). The level in cord blood was
      slightly lower (0.74 +/- 0.26 microgram/ml), while the level in patients with
      ovarian carcinoma was significantly increased (12.67 +/- 1.43 microgram/ml).
      Pregnant women have increasing secretory protein levels with increasing length of
      gestation (5.86 +/- 2.02, 11.55 +/- 1.30 and 17.00 +/- 1.16 microgram/ml for the
      first, second and third trimesters, respectively.

PMID- 670715
TI  - Purification of human thyroglobulin for radioimmunoassay and testing by
      ultracentrifugal analysis and immunoelectrophoresis.
AB  - The development of sensitive radioimmunoassays for the measurement of
      thyroglobulin (Tg) in human serum has demanded a high degree of purity of the Tg
      preparation. A procedure for purification of Tg including immunological methods
      for both purification and control of purity was therefore used. Extract of human
      thyroid glandular tissue from a patient with Grave's disease was chromatographed
      on Sepharose CL6B and subsequently on an affinity column containing antibody to
      whole human serum. Control of both purification steps was by fused rocket
      electrophoresis of fractions and crossed immunoelectrophoresis of the
      concentrated solutions. It could thus be shown that traces of contaminating serum
      proteins, present after column chromatography, were removed by affinity
      chromatography. Ultracentrifugation of 125I-labelled Tg indicated that it had a
      sedimentation rate corresponding to 19 S.

PMID- 670716
TI  - Change of electrophoretic mobility of purified alternative pathway factor D.
AB  - The electrophoretic mobility of factor D (D) of the alternative pathway of human
      complement activation was examined by the method of lysoelectrophoresis. Purified
      D was found to have beta-mobility, while D in fresh serum showed alpha-mobility.
      Addition of D-depleted serum to D induced a change of electrophoretic mobility
      from beta to alpha. Addition of guinea pig serum to D did not produce this
      change. The change of electrophoretic mobility of D was not due to complex
      formation between D and other known alternative factors, P, C3NeF, B and C3. The
      Factor(s), which mediated the change in the electrophoretic mobility of D, had
      pseudoglobulin properties and was distributed around the third peak on Sephadex G
      200 gel filtration of human serum with a mol. wt. of 50,000-80,000. This
      phenomenon might be restricted to a semi-solid state reaction, because complexes
      containing D were not observed upon analyses by sucrose density gradient
      ultracentrifugation and isoelectrofocusing.

PMID- 670717
TI  - Isolation and characterization of highly stable rabbit C1q.
AB  - Rabbit C1q has been isolated by techniques which retain elements of previous
      isolation methods along with novel procedures incorporated to yield stable, non
      aggregating, highly purified and biologically active C1q. The procedure involves
      euglobulin preparation by dialysis of serum and two column chromatographies, DEAE
      Sephadex and Ultragel ACA 34. The method results in yields of C1q from rabbit
      sera of 20-30%. Ouchterlony analysis, sedimentation velocity experiments,
      equilibrium ultracentrifuge molecular weight analysis, SDS, polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing experiments indicate the presence of
      only a single component, which has all the physical characteristics previously
      reported for C1q. The preparation has all the biological characteristics of C1q
      such as the ability to agglutinate IgG-coated latex particles and to restore
      hemolytic activity to RC1q serum. Preparations obtained by this procedure are
      stable to freezing (-70 degrees C) for extended periods of time and show no
      evidence of aggregation upon thawing following periods of storage of up to 6
      months. Mild acetylation and handling of preparations for extended periods at 37
      degrees C and 45 degrees C indicate no evidence of aggregation or loss of
      agglutinating and hemolytic activities. Preparations so isolated meet all the
      criteria required for critical physical-chemical studies of this protein.

PMID- 670718
TI  - Evaluation of various filter membranes for Boyden-type leukocyte migration
      studies.
AB  - Various types and makes of membranes were assessed for suitability in Boyden-type
      chemotaxis studies. Pooled exudate neutrophils and macrophages from the rat were
      used as indicator cells. Sartorius filters were found to be superior to other
      cellulose ester filters both in efficiency and consistency of cell migration.
      Variations between and within Sartorius filter lots were small and filter
      inconsistency could be ruled out as a factor in day-to day variation in
      efficiency of cell migration. In our hands, Millipore membranes were
      unsatisfactory for chemotaxis studies. With the exception of the shortened
      incubation times, polycarbonate filters did not offer significant advantages over
      Sartorius filters when the vigorously responding rat exudate cells were tested.
      The orientation of the cellulose ester filters in the chemotaxis chambers was
      found to be a critical factor when the lowermost level counting method was used.
      The observed polarity could not readily be washed out by acid, alkali or ethanol
      treatment nor by boiling the filters in distilled water and remains unexplained.

PMID- 670719
TI  - Microsurgical cannulation of the thoracic duct in cats. Technical note.
AB  - The authors describe a new technique for the microsurgical cannulation of the
      thoracic duct. A small silastic tube is utilized which can be joined to a
      subcutaneously implanted one-way flow, CSF, Ommaya-type reservoir. Extended
      drainage is avoided. No deletion or alteration of major venous channels occurs.
      Lymph collection is accomplished by tapping the subcutaneous reservoir with a
      small-bore needle.

PMID- 670720
TI  - In vitro assessment of delayed hypersensitivity in the human. Inhibition of cell
      migration from agarose microdroplets.
AB  - The in vitro migration inhibition responses of peripheral blood leukocytes from
      tuberculin skin test positive and negative donors were tested to validate and
      determine optimal conditions for the agarose droplet method in the human. In
      vitro migration inhibition was observed in skin test positive donors in the
      presence of 25 microgram PPD/ml of medium using both unfractionated leukocytes
      and a mixture of immune lymphocytes with allogeneic polymorphonuclear leukocyte
      indicators. The supernatants of tuberculin positive lymphocytes cultured with PPD
      also inhibited the migration of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and guinea pig
      peritoneal exudate cells but did not alter that of murine peritoneal exudate
      cells. These studies establish that the agarose droplet method is an efficient
      approach to the in vitro assessment of cell-mediated immunity in the human and
      define suitable indicator cell populations for assay of human lymphokines.

PMID- 670721
TI  - Monolayer immune complex (MIC) fractionation of Fc receptor bearing human
      spontaneous killer cells.
AB  - A simple high recovery method is described for depletion and enrichment of Fc
      receptor bearing human spontaneous killer cells. The technique is called
      monolayer immune complex (MIC) fractionation and is based on the fact that Fc
      receptor positive cells will bind to immune complexes bound to plastic surface
      and that bound cells can be partially recovered by protein A elution.

PMID- 670722
TI  - Reversed immunosorbents: a simple method for specific antibody immobilization.
AB  - A method is presented for permanently converting an antigen immunosorbent into a
      purified antibody immunosorbent which retains specific reactivity for antigen.
      Following immunological reaction of the antibodies in an antiserum with the
      antigen adsorbent, the specific immunoglobulin is chemically bound to the antigen
      by means of the divalent crosslinking agent. Various such agents, including
      glutaraldehyde, suberimidate, a diazide, and isocyanates, were employed. The
      conditions of preparation using the first two were optimized, and the
      characteristics of the resulting immobilized antibodies were investigated.
      Applications in radioimmunoassay, preparative chromatography, and affinity
      constant studies discussed in view of the unique attributes of these reagents.

PMID- 670723
TI  - Radioimmunoassay for hepatitis B surface antigen and antibody using a two
      component immunoadsorbent.
AB  - A solid-phase radioimmunoassay is described for detection of hepatitis B surface
      antigen and antibody. The assay uses a two-site (antigen and antibody)
      immunoadsorbent capable of binding antigen and antibody. Antigen is detected by
      enhanced binding of [125U]antibody through sandwich formations of antibody-
      antigens--[125I]antibody on the immunoadsorbent. Antibody presence is revealed by
      inhibition of [125I]antibody binding.

PMID- 670724
TI  - The preparation of latex particles with covalently bound polyamines, IgG and
      measles agglutinins and their use in visual agglutination tests.
AB  - Carboxylated latex particles were substituted with side arms terminating in
      primary amine and hydrazine groups. The particles were coupled to aldehyde groups
      generated on glycoproteins which were treated with sodium periodate. Particles
      having the alipathic primary amine putrescine hapten as the sole substituent and
      particles linked to glycoproteins such as measles agglutinins and IgG were used
      to detect the presence of the corresponding antibodies or antigens in biological
      fluids by agglutination tests.

PMID- 670725
TI  - The application of complement fixation to antibody weight estimates I. To soluble
      antigens.
AB  - A method is described for estimating early mouse IgG antibodies to the
      dinitrophenyl (DNP) determinant in absolute weight units. The antibodies to be
      measured are adsorbed quantitatively onto an appropriate immunoadsorbent such as
      DNP polyacrylamide. The particulate immune complexes are then incubated with a
      standard dilution of a potent rabbit antiserum to mouse IgG. Removal of the
      rabbit anti-mouse IgG (RaM) immunoglobulins by the complexes decreases the C
      fixing ability of the RaM supernatants reacted with C and mouse IgG. The
      decrements in C fixation are linearly related to the logarithm of the weight of
      mouse IgG. The decrements in C fixation are linearly related to the logarithm of
      the weight of mouse IgG  anti DNP added to the immunoadsorbent. A calibration
      curve is constructed with known amounts of mouse IgG )anti-NDP as measured by
      quantitative precipitation. Concurrent assays with the early mouse anti-DNP sera
      permit conversion of the losses in C fixing potencies to weight units of mouse
      IgG anti-DNP by interpolation on the calibration curve.

PMID- 670726
TI  - The use of [125I]deoxyuridine for semi-microevaluation of human lymphocyte
      response to phytohemagglutinin in vitro.
AB  - [125I]5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine ([125I]UdR) was compared with [6-3H]thymidine
      ([3H]TdR) in a semi-micromethod used to evaluate the response of human
      lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in vitro. 5-Fluoro-2'-dexoyuridine (FUdR)
      was added to [125I]UdR in order to increase its incorporation, by preventing
      endogenous thymidine synthesis. The relationship between PHA concentration and
      the isotope uptake by lymphocytes was studied. Similar dose-response curves were
      found for the two precursors, with a peak at 15 microgram/ml of PHA. Nevertheless
      the recovery of the labeled compounds was higher when [125I]UdR together with
      FUdR was used.

PMID- 670727
TI  - Studies on the microcytotoxicity test. III. Comparison of  [75Se]selenomethionine
      with [3H]proline, Na2, 51CrO4 and [125I]iododeoxyuridine for pre-labelling target
      cells in long-term cytotoxicity tests.
AB  - Four intracellular radioisotope labels, [3H]proline, Na2 51CrO4,
      [75Se]selenomethionine and [125I]iododeoxyuridine, were evaluated for use in a
      pre-labelling long-term microcytotoxicity assay for cell-mediated immunity.
      Adherent rat tumour cells established in tissue culture were used as targets and
      the basic variables studied were labelling efficiency, toxicity and spontaneous
      release rates. [125I]Iododeoxyuridine was found unsuitable on account of its high
      toxicity and correspondingly high spontaneous release rate, and Na2 51CrO4 for
      its toxicity and low labelling efficiency. Of the two other radiolabels,
      [75Se]selenomethionine had the advantage over [3H]proline of higher labelling
      efficiency (especially in Ham's F10 medium), lower toxicity, and being a gamma
      emitter. Furthermore, released 75Se was shown to be non-reutilisable and its
      retention by target cells provided an accurate measure of cell survival in an
      alloimmune system. Methods of calculating the results of pre-labelling
      cytotoxicity tests based on the total radioactivity in target cells at the
      beginning of the assay were found to be invalid.

PMID- 670728
TI  - Binding patterns of immunoglobulins from tumor-bearing mice to the corresponding
      tumor cells.

PMID- 670729
TI  - Characterization of immunoglobulins eluted from murine tumor cells: binding
      patterns of cytotoxic anti-tumor IgG.

PMID- 670730
TI  - Comparing stimulation of lymphocytes in different samples: separate effects of
      numbers of responding cells and their capacity to respond.

PMID- 670731
TI  - I. An ultrastructural investigation on erythrocytes and lymphocytes coated with
      proteins: use of CrCl3 as an electron-dense marker.
AB  - Proteins (human immunoglobulin G and protein A of Staphylococcus aureus) coupled
      to the surface of erythrocytes (sheep, mice, man and chicken) and to mouse spleen
      lymphocytes by chromic chloride technique acquire electron-dense properties and
      may be visualized in electron microscopy. Sheep red blood cells coated with
      rabbit anti-erythrocyte antibodies and treated with chromic chloride showed
      continuous electron-opaque labelling of the cell membrane due to chelation of
      rabbit IgG with chromium atoms.

PMID- 670732
TI  - II. Ultrastructural differences in attachment patterns of indicator cells to
      target cells in the rosette-forming process.
AB  - A comparison was made of the electron microscopic appearances of rosettes formed
      between mouse spleen lymphocytes and indicator cells with the ligands exposed on
      their surfaces either in clusters or in continuity. Sheep red blood cells (SRBC)
      coated with protein A of Staphylococcus aureus or human IgG by the chromium
      chloride technique were used as indicator cells with cluster distribution of the
      ligand. RBC coated with rabbit IgG anti-sheep red blood cells or staphylococci
      were used as indicator cells with uniform distribution of the ligand. Results
      show that the appearance of the zones of contact (point attachment or broad zone
      attachment) between lymphocytes and indicator cells are mainly influenced by the
      distribution of the specific ligands on the surface of the indicator cells and do
      not reflect the pattern of distribution of receptors on lymphocytes.

PMID- 670733
TI  - Collaborative study on diabetes mellitus (pattern of clinical and biochemical
      features in Delhi area).

PMID- 670734
TI  - Principles and practice of physical medicine and rehabilitation for general
      practioner.

PMID- 670735
TI  - Osteopetrosis.

PMID- 670736
TI  - Bleeding diathesis is disseminated lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 670737
TI  - Orchioblastoma.

PMID- 670738
TI  - Value of epidemiological study of diseases.

PMID- 670739
TI  - Management of keratomalacia.

PMID- 670740
TI  - Prevalence of chronic bronchitis in a group of North Indian Adults (preliminary
      observations).

PMID- 670741
TI  - Dermatophytoses in Jamnagar.

PMID- 670742
TI  - Role of needle biopsy in the diagnosis of obscure intra-abdominal lump.

PMID- 670743
TI  - Paper electrophoretic separation of lipoproteins by the modification of Lees and
      Hatch method.

PMID- 670744
TI  - Anatomical and clinical correlation of small bowel volvulus.

PMID- 670745
TI  - Cervical neurofibroma with shoulder girdle wasting.

PMID- 670746
TI  - Oesophagospasm.

PMID- 670747
TI  - Community health and physical education programme.

PMID- 670748
TI  - Health status of expectant mothers.

PMID- 670749
TI  - Chronic colonic diarrhoea in North-West India. (A clinical study with special
      reference to the syndrome of irritable colon).

PMID- 670750
TI  - Glucose tolerance in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.

PMID- 670751
TI  - Common deficiency diseases-II.

PMID- 670752
TI  - Acquired porencephaly following excision of brain abscess.

PMID- 670753
TI  - Hypersensitivity vasculitis.

PMID- 670754
TI  - Health status of the expectant mothers.

PMID- 670755
TI  - Isolation of T-mycoplasmas (Ureaplasma urealyticum) from the genito-urinary
      tract.

PMID- 670756
TI  - Evaluation of diazepam in the treatment of tetanus.

PMID- 670757
TI  - "Kendu" bezoar.

PMID- 670758
TI  - Phytobezoars.

PMID- 670759
TI  - Immunology of pregnancy.

PMID- 670760
TI  - Some observations on explosion of hand bomb in hand.

PMID- 670761
TI  - Sarcoidosis in India.

PMID- 670762
TI  - The causes and medical treatment of urinary calculi.

PMID- 670763
TI  - The brown recluse spider bite: new problems new therapy.

PMID- 670764
TI  - Plication of rectal mucosa.

PMID- 670765
TI  - Newborn thyroid screening: rationale, methods, responsibilities.

PMID- 670766
TI  - Screening for congenital hypothyroidism using an insolubilized radio immunoassay
      technique.

PMID- 670767
TI  - Further observations on new tube tests for rapid detection of hemoglobin s.

PMID- 670768
TI  - Reconstructive ear surgery.

PMID- 670770
TI  - Radiology. There's word for it.

PMID- 670769
TI  - Cancer corner. Help your patients quit smoking.

PMID- 670771
TI  - [Protease inhibitors (author's transl)].

PMID- 670772
TI  - [Micro-peptide mapping for minor proteins (author's transl)].

PMID- 670773
TI  - [An evaluation of the pancreatic scanning as a diagnostic examination of
      pancreatic diseases and a comparison of scanning with the pancreozymin-secretin
      test and the pancreatogram (author's transl)].

PMID- 670774
TI  - [Diagnostic significance of serum creatine kinase isoenzyme, MB fraction (CK-MB)
      in acute myocardial infarction (author's transl)].

PMID- 670775
TI  - [Studies on kallikrein-kinin system in essential hypertension: urinary kallikrein
      kinin system and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (author's transl)].

PMID- 670776
TI  - [Elevated serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity in hepatic disorder (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 670777
TI  - [A case with chronic renal failure showing a striking decrease in blood urea
      nitrogen-serum creatinine ratio (author's transl)].

PMID- 670778
TI  - [A peculiar case of malignant rheumatoid arthritis with mild join involvement in
      which the lung disease preceded arthritis (author's transl)].

PMID- 670779
TI  - Drug regulation reform act of 1978.

PMID- 670780
TI  - Clinical electromyography. When and how to use it.

PMID- 670781
TI  - Yeast vaginitis. Nystatin vs monistat in treatment of vaginal candidiasis.

PMID- 670782
TI  - Carotid endarterectomy. Surgical intervention for the prevention and alleviation
      of strokes.

PMID- 670783
TI  - Hemorrhagic complication. Severe thrombocytopenia with subarachnoid hemorrhage in
      infectious mononucleosis.

PMID- 670784
TI  - Acute bacterial meningitis.

PMID- 670785
TI  - Considerations relevant to incorporation.

PMID- 670786
TI  - How to find a "find".

PMID- 670787
TI  - Physician manpower in Kansas.

PMID- 670788
TI  - Possible role of saccharin in the development of bladder cancer: a review.

PMID- 670789
TI  - Microsurgery II: Replantation of amputation injuries.

PMID- 670790
TI  - Pseudophakos.

PMID- 670791
TI  - Greater New Orleans network of YMCA cardiovascular fitness and therapy programs.

PMID- 670792
TI  - The diagnosis of alcohol cardiomyopathies.

PMID- 670793
TI  - Swan-Ganz catheterization--an aid in management of high risk obstetrical
      patients.

PMID- 670794
TI  - Operative localization of the suspicious lesion on mammography.

PMID- 670795
TI  - G. I. hemorrhage with candidiasis.

PMID- 670796
TI  - Rectal prolapse: a brief review.

PMID- 670797
TI  - Computer assisted tomography in hemorrhagic lesions of the brain.

PMID- 670798
TI  - Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 670799
TI  - From the files of the KMA Maternal Mortality Study Committee.

PMID- 670800
TI  - LD and the problem of scientific definitions.

PMID- 670801
TI  - Implications of the final procedures for evaluating specific learning
      disabilities.

PMID- 670802
TI  - The effects of caffeine on hyperactive children.

PMID- 670803
TI  - Enhancing the sensory integration of aphasic students.

PMID- 670804
TI  - Association of motor impairment with various types of behavior disturbance.

PMID- 670805
TI  - A formula-based classification of learning disabled children: an examination of
      the issues.

PMID- 670806
TI  - Setting goals and objectives for LD children--process and problems.

PMID- 670807
TI  - Visual and tactual integration and cerebral dysfunction in children with learning
      disabilities.

PMID- 670808
TI  - The physician and teacher as team: assessing the effects of medication.

PMID- 670809
TI  - Maintaining the mainstreamed child in the regular classroom: the decision-making
      process.

PMID- 670810
TI  - Imitating children's errors to improve their spelling performance.

PMID- 670812
TI  - The relationship of visuospatial skills and verbal ability to learning
      disabilities in mathematics.

PMID- 670811
TI  - Selective attention and locus of control in learning disabled and normal
      children.

PMID- 670813
TI  - Learning disabilities and juvenile delinquency.

PMID- 670814
TI  - The effects of paradigmatic organization on verbal recall.

PMID- 670815
TI  - The role of academic failure in hyperactive behavior.

PMID- 670816
TI  - A look at some important factors in assessing readiness for school.

PMID- 670817
TI  - Perspective on parental involvement in the diagnosis and treatment of learning
      disabled children.

PMID- 670819
TI  - Attention and the EEG alpha rhythm in learning disabled children.

PMID- 670818
TI  - Classroom behavioral styles of learning disabled boys.

PMID- 670820
TI  - Paradigmatic language training for learning disabled children.

PMID- 670821
TI  - The effects of special class placement on the self-concept of exceptional
      children.

PMID- 670822
TI  - Doing it our way: putting the children first.

PMID- 670823
TI  - Kindergarten behavior rating as a predictor of first-grade achievement.

PMID- 670824
TI  - Predictive validity of an abbreviated screening battery.

PMID- 670825
TI  - Teaching nonreaders to read: an evaluation of the Basic Skill Centers in
      Minneapolis.

PMID- 670827
TI  - Assessment and remediation of handwriting deficits for children with learning
      disabilities.

PMID- 670826
TI  - Confusion confounded: a teacher tries to use research results to teach math.

PMID- 670828
TI  - Using the family school in the treatment of learning disabilities.

PMID- 670829
TI  - Does diet affect hyperactivity?

PMID- 670830
TI  - Actual and desired roles of the high school learning disability resource teacher.

PMID- 670831
TI  - Individual serum bile acid concentrations in normo- and hyperlipoproteinemia as
      determined by mass fragmentography: relation to bile acid pool size.
AB  - Combined gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with specific ion monitoring
      (mass fragmentography) has been used for assay of cholic acic (C),
      chenodeoxycholic acid (CD), and deoxycholic acid (D) in human serum. Deuterium
      labeled C and D were used as internal standards. The relative standard deviation
      of duplicate samples was 3, 4, and 7% for C, CD, and D, respectively. The
      variation within the same individual in the fasting state was small, while the
      day-to-day variation was greater, especially for the dihydroxy bile acids. In
      normal control subjects (n = 24), the fasting serum concentration of C averaged
      184 +/- 24 ng/ml (mean +/- SEM), and that of CD and D 526 +/- 62 and 407 +/- 44
      ng/ml, respectively. Patients with type IIa hyperlipoproteinemia (n = 32)
      displayed low values of serum bile acids, with a C concentration of 121 +/- 11
      ng/ml (P less than 0.01 vs. controls). A similar pattern was seen in patients
      with a type IIb lipoprotein pattern (n = 10). Subjects with type IV
      hyperlipoproteinemia (n = 32) showed serum bile acid levels within the normal
      limits. No relationship to age, sex, or body weight was seen in any of the
      patient subgroups. Bile acid kinetics were determined with an isotope dilution
      technique using 14C-labeled C and CD under steady state conditions in control
      subjects and patients with type IIa and type IV hyperlipoproteinemia. The serum
      concentration of C correlated significantly to its pool size in control subjects
      and in patients with type IIa hyperlipoproteinemia but not in patients with type
      IV. The serum level of CD was not related to CD pool size in any of the
      subgroups. The data obtained are discussed in relation to present concepts of the
      enterohepatic circulation. It is suggested that the intestinal content of C in
      the fasting state is proportional to the total C pool size. The possibility of a
      defective intestinal uptake of C in some patients with type IV
      hyperlipoproteinemia is raised.

PMID- 670832
TI  - Isolation and characterization of human liver hematoside.
AB  - The monosialoganglioside hematoside (GM3) is an important precursor in the
      synthesis of the more complex gangliosides. To obtain large quantities of GM3 for
      use in ganglioside biosynthetic experiments, we have devised a column
      chromatographic procedure for the isolation and purification of GM3 from human
      liver. A total ganglioside mixture was obtained from a 550 g sample of normal
      human liver. Quantitative analysis by gas-liquid chromatography indicated about
      66 microgram of lipid-bound N-acetylneuraminic acid per gram of fresh tissue.
      Hematoside appeared as double bands on thin-layer plates and represented 86.4% of
      the total sialic acid content. Additional ganglioside species, notably GD3, were
      also seen. Hematoside was separated from the other gangliosides by GM3 obtained
      was 120 mg, which represented a 90% recovery. Although the long-chain base and
      sugar compositions of the upper and lower GM3 fractions were similar, striking
      fatty acid differences were detected. The upper fraction contained predominantly
      unsubstituted fatty acids, while the lower fraction showed a preponderance of
      alpha-hydroxy fatty acids. The unsubstituted fatty acid and hydroxy fatty acid
      composition of the total GM3 fraction was calculated to be 56.9% and 43.1%,
      respectively.

PMID- 670833
TI  - Age-related changes in cholesterol and bile acid metabolism in rats.
AB  - Age-related changes in serum and liver cholesterol, phospholipid and triglyceride
      levels, serum lipoproteins, biliary secretion of cholesterol, phospholipid and
      bile acids, and fecal excretion of sterols and bile acids were examined in
      Sprague-Dawley and Wistar strain male rats, 7 to 106 weeks in age. Serum and
      liver lipid levels increased with age in both strains but the liver phospholipid
      level remained unchanged. The proportion of serum alpha-lipoprotein increases and
      that of beta- and prebeta-lipoproteins slightly decreased. Cholesterol and
      phospholipids in low density lipoprotein and cholesterol in high density
      lipoprotein fractions also increased with age. Bile flow and biliary secretion of
      cholesterol and bile acids decreased in aged rats, but when they were expressed
      in terms of units per rat they were almost constant without regard to age. Pool
      size, synthesis, secretion, and turnover frequency of bile acids also did not
      change when they were expressed per rat, though 7-week-old rats showed a low
      value for turnover frequency. Biliary secretion of phospholipid, however,
      increased in aged rats. Biliary secretion of chenodeoxycholic and alpha
      muricholic acids decreased but that of cholic and hyodeoxycholic acids increased.
      Daily excretion of feces and fecal neutral sterols decreases in aged rats but the
      excretion of bile acids remained constant regardless of age. The ratio of
      coprostanol and cholesterol in the total sterols was not affected. Fecal
      lithocholic, beta-muricholic and P10 (probably omega-muricholic) acids were
      decreased with age but the other bile acid components were not changed or were
      slightly increased.

PMID- 670835
TI  - Purification of calciferol-binding proteins from kidney: physicochemical and
      immunological properties.
AB  - The calciferol-binding system of rat kidney cytosol has been purified and is
      shown to consist of two proteins, each capable of binding either 25-hydroxy
      vitamin D3 (25-OH-D3) or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3  (1,25-(OH)2D3). The two
      proteins, designated A and B, have similar sedimentation coefficients (S20w) of
      5.2 S. Component A binds 25-OH-D3 with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 10(-7) M
      while component B binds 1,25-(OH)2D3 with a Kd of 1.6 x 10(-8) M. The estimated
      molecular weights (Mr) of the two proteins are 105,000 for component A and
      250,000 for component B. Amino acid analyses revealed that glutamic acid is the
      most abundant residue in both proteins, comprising 12% of the total number of
      amino acid residues. Immunodiffusion test using commercial anti-human serum group
      specific protein antiserum gave a precipitin reaction when purified rat serum
      calciferol-binding protein was used as an antigen, but no reactions could be
      detected  with proteins A and B. This result significantly eliminated the
      possibility of the presence of the rat serum binding protein in either of the
      purified kidney proteins. In contrast, anti-rat serum calciferol-binding protein
      antiserum prepared in rabbits interacted with the rat serum and kidney proteins.
      This result suggests that the antigenic determinants recognized by the antiserum
      against the rat serum calciferol-binding protein appear to be similar to those
      recognized in the kidney proteins A and B. Immunoelectrophoresis of the three rat
      proteins demonstrated dissimilar electrophoretic mobilities with the serum
      protein showing the least mobility, a property consistent with its higher lysine
      content relative to proteins A and B.

PMID- 670834
TI  - On the quantitative importance of omega-oxidation of fatty acids.
AB  - The relative importance of omega-oxidation of fatty acids in livers of starved
      rats was studied by determination of the ratio between 14C at C1 and at C2, C3,
      C4 in acetoacetate formed from [16-14C]palmitic acid in vivo and in vitro and
      from [10(-14)C]decanoic acid in vitro. The results are consistent with the
      possibility that at least a small fraction of the fatty acids may be subject to
      primary omega-oxidation prior to beta-oxidation in the ketotic state. The maximal
      figure for this pathway was calculated to be of the magnitude 5--10%. The
      metabolic consequences of a pathway involving primary omega-oxidation of fatty
      acids are discussed.

PMID- 670836
TI  - Identification and characterization of mannosyl retinyl phosphate occurring in
      rat liver and intestine invivo.
AB  - A study was conducted to determine whether mannosyl retinyl phosphate occurred in
      rat liver and intestine in vivo, and, if so, to partially purify it and
      investigate its properties. After injection of [(3)H]retinol and [(14)C]mannose,
      a chloroform-methanol 2:1 extract of rat liver and small intestinal mucosa
      yielded two (3)H/(14)C-labeled peaks on DEAE-cellulose column chromatography:
      peak I eluted with 10 mM and peak II eluted with 29 mM ammonium acetate. Peak II,
      subjected to silicic acid column chromatography, gave principally two (3)H/(14)C
      labeled fractions, one eluted with chloroform-methanol 2:1 and the other with
      chloroform-methanol 1:1. The latter showed, on thin-layer chromatography in a
      chloroform-methanol-water 60:25:4 system, an R(f) of 0.25 (with coincidence of
      the (3)H and (14)C radioactivity), which is identical to the R(f) of authentic
      mannosyl retinyl phosphate. The chloroform-methanol 1:1 peak, on mild acid
      hydrolysis, yielded [(3)H]retinol (identified by two thin-layer chromatography
      systems), [(14)C]mannose, and [(14)C]-mannose phosphate (identified by paper
      chromatography). On mild alkali hydrolysis, the peak yielded [(3)H]retinol and
      [(14)C]mannose phosphate. The substance eluted in the chloroform-methanol 1:1
      peak from silicic acid was therefore concluded to be mannosyl retinyl phosphate.
      When chromatographed on silicic acid, peak I from the DEAE-cellulose column
      primarily showed a fraction eluted with chloroform-methanol 2:1. When
      chromatographed on thin-layer plates in the above solvent, this fraction showed
      an R(f) of 0.3, with coincidence of (3)H and (14)C radioactivity; it was
      resistant to mild acid hydrolysis, mild and strong alkali hydrolysis, and
      glucuronidase action. Mannosyl retinyl phosphate occurs, therefore, in vivo in
      liver and intestinal mucosa, and it is accompanied by a closely similar, though
      slightly less polar, compound that remains unidentified.

PMID- 670837
TI  - Rates of removal and degradation of chylomicron remnants by isolated perfused rat
      liver.
AB  - Chylomicron remnants are removed intact by isolated perfused rat livers and their
      lipid components are metabolized by the liver (Biochim. Biophys. Acta 488: 464,
      1977). The present study provides quantitative information regarding these
      processes. When the lipoprotein concentration of the perfusate was constant, the
      removal of chylomicron remnants increases lineraly for 17 min. The rate of
      remnant removal was a hyperbolic function of the perfusate's remnant
      concentration. The removal rate had aV max of 28microgram cholesterol per g liver
      per min and an apparent Km of 64 microgram cholesterol per ml perfusate. Feeding
      the liver donors a diet containing 1% cholesterol or 4% cholesterol and 1% cholic
      acid failed to alter the hepatic removal rate. The cholesteryl ester removed from
      the remnants was hydrolyzed at a rate that was a small fraction of the removal
      rate (about 0.5% of removed cholesteryl ester per min). The rate of cholesteryl
      ester hydrolysis did not appear to approach saturation in the range studied.
      Studies of the lysosomal cholesteryl ester hydrolase suggested that this enzyme
      was not responsible for limiting the initial rate of hydrolysis, raising the
      possibility that the degradation rate is determined by the movement of the
      removed remnant to the site of hydrolysis.

PMID- 670839
TI  - The American Health Care System.

PMID- 670840
TI  - The carbon dioxide laser in surgery of the larynx.

PMID- 670838
TI  - Monoacylmonoalkylglycerol as a substrate for diacylglycerol hydrolase activity in
      adipose tissue.
AB  - The synthesis and use of 1(3)-[3H]oleoyl-2-0-oleylglycerol as a substrate for the
      assay of diacylglycerol hydrolase activity in adipose tissue is described.
      Neither the compound nor its reaction product are hydrolyzed by purified adipose
      tissue monoacylglycerol lipase.

PMID- 670841
TI  - Actinomyces infection associated with intra-uterine device.

PMID- 670842
TI  - A case report: stones in a Meckel's diverticulum.

PMID- 670843
TI  - Pasteurella multocida as a cause of vomiting and diarrhea in a 4-year-old boy.

PMID- 670845
TI  - Family practice its promise, performance, prospects and problems.

PMID- 670844
TI  - Mechanics of parental involvement in psychosocial problems of children.

PMID- 670846
TI  - Pediatric venous cutdown made easier.

PMID- 670847
TI  - Nephrotic syndrome: a kinetic evaluation of hemostasis and anticoagulant therapy
      in children.

PMID- 670848
TI  - Clinical trial of mebendazole on whipworm and hookworm.

PMID- 670849
TI  - Influence of haemorrhage on renal haemodynamic changes at anuric state in dogs.

PMID- 670851
TI  - Breast feeding practice and growth of infants in Thailand.

PMID- 670850
TI  - Combined effects of ethyl-alpha-p chlorphenoxyisobutyrate (CPIB) and carbon
      tetrachloride on the rat liver cells.

PMID- 670852
TI  - Rhinocerebral mucormycosis (phycomycosis).

PMID- 670853
TI  - Diencephalic syndrome: a case report.

PMID- 670854
TI  - Absence of vasa deferentia.

PMID- 670855
TI  - d-amphetamine and fixed-interval performance: effects of operant history.
AB  - Sixteen rats were initially exposed for 50 sessions to either a fixed-ratio 40 or
      an interresponse-time-greater-than-11-second food reinforcement schedule, then
      shifted to a fixed-interval 15-second food reinforcement schedule. Animals with
      fixed-ratio 40 histories lever pressed at much higher rates under the fixed
      interval schedule than did animals with inter-response-time-greater-than-11
      second histories. This difference persisted across 93 sessions of fixed-interval
      exposure. The effects of d=amphetamine were assessed after 15 and 59 sessions of
      fixed-interval exposure. On both occasions, the low-rate responding of animals
      with interresponse-time-greater-than-11-second histories was typically increased
      by all doses of the drug, while the high-rate responding of animals with fixed
      ratio 40 histories was typically decreased by all doses of the drug. These
      results suggest that control response rate under the fixed-interval schedule,
      which may be affected by a history of responding under another schedule, is the
      primary determinant of the relative effects of d-amphetamine.

PMID- 670856
TI  - Attentional changes during discrimination learning by retarded children.
AB  - Eight moderately retarded children were trained on a simultaneous two-choice
      discrimination problem and a series of discrimination-shift problems. The
      procedure required the subjects to perform overt observing responses to produce
      elements of the discriminative stimuli, making it possible to measure directly
      changes in attention to different aspects of stimuli during learning. The
      patterns of change in observing responses were generally in line with
      descriptions of attentional changes derived from two-process theories of
      discrimination learning; for example, the frequency of irrelevant observing
      responses was high during the presolution period during extradimensional shifts
      but was low during intradimensional shifts. Contrary to current theories,
      extradimensional shifts caused an immediate increase in irrelevant observing
      responses, and intradimensional shifts usually caused an increase in relevant
      observing responses. Subjects responded to later shift problems by initially
      increasing both relevant and irrelevant observing responses, then withholding
      irrelevant observing responses.

PMID- 670857
TI  - Ultrastructural observations on the chorionic epithelium, parathyroid glands and
      bones from chick embryos developed in shell-less culture.
AB  - Three-day-old chick embryos were cultured in Petri dishes until they reached
      developmental stages 37 or 39 (Hamburger & Hamilton, 1951). The electron
      microscopical study of the chorio-allantoic membranes showed that, even in the
      absence of the shell and the corresponding calcium supply, 'capillary-covering'
      and 'villus-cavity' cells differentiated well. The parathyroid glands from the
      cultured embryos showed ultrastructural signs indicative of active synthesis and
      secretion of the parathyroid hormone. This correlates well with the significant
      hypocalcemia (5.4 mg/100 ml) observed in these embryos. In all cultured embryos
      mineralization of bones was greatly reduced as shown by alizarin bulk staining
      and confirmed by histological and electron microscopical analysis. The
      ultrastructural characteristics of osteoblasts and osteocytes, as well as of the
      bone matrix, appeared normal. The defect in mineralization appeared thus to be
      due to a deficiency in the availability of calcium and not to a delay in bone
      differentiation. This implies that the yolk sac appears to lack calcium
      regulatory capacity since it cannot compensate for the absence of shell by
      increasing its own contribution in order to assure an adequate mineralization of
      the embryonic bones.

PMID- 670858
TI  - Ultrastructural analysis of preimplantation lethal yellow (Ay/Ay) mouse embryos.
AB  - Embryos recovered at 62 and 80 h post coitum from reproductive tracts of yellow
      (Ay/a) and black (a/a) female mice mated to Ay/a males were examined
      ultrastructurally to define the developmental defect of lethal Ay homozygotes. No
      abnormalities were observed in five embryos from control matings (female a/a x
      male Ay/a). Of 24 morulae and blastocysts from Ay/a x Ay/a matings, six were
      observed to possess some morphological aberration. Two of the six abnormal
      embryos were morulae and contained isolated blastomeres which had developmental
      features typical of younger embryos; remaining cells of these embryos were
      normal. The third, an early blastocyst, contained a degenerating trophoblast
      cell' other cells of this embryo were also abnormal but not in an advanced stage
      of degeneration. The fourth abnormal embryo (late cleavage stage) was in an
      advanced stage of degeneration affecting all blastomeres. Finally, the remaining
      two abnormal morulae had a unique nucleolar morphology and an unusual abundance
      of intra-cisternal A particles. Presumably, one or more of the six abnormal
      embryos from Ay/a x Ay/a matings were Ay homozygotes. However, no single
      ultrastructural alteration characteristic of Ay/Ay embryos was found.

PMID- 670860
TI  - Control of somite number in normal and amputated mutant mouse embryos: an
      experimental and a theoretical analysis.
AB  - A regulation is shown for size and number of serially repeated axial structures,
      the somites, in a mammalian embryo. The mammalian embryo is normally inaccessible
      to operation at post-implantation stages. This problem is resolved by the
      quantitative analysis of somite size, number and development in a recessive
      mutant of the mouse, amputated, whose axial length is greatly reduced. The effect
      of the gene simulates an experiment ablating part of the embryonic tissue
      available for somitic segmentation. Regulation occurs at the time when the somite
      is first formed, by control of the quantity of cells included in each new somite.
      A model is devised for the control of somitic segmentation which explains most of
      the features observed and which can be simulated on a computer.

PMID- 670859
TI  - The paths and destinations of the induced ipsilateral retinal projection in
      goldfish.
AB  - Adult goldfish had one tectal lobe removed surgically, and several months later,
      the eye contralateral to the missing tectum was injected with radioactive
      proline. Radioautographs of the brains were studied to trace the paths and
      termination sites of the optic fibers. The optic tract decussated at the chiasm,
      as normally, but then ran caudally in a large neuroma on the tectum-less side of
      the brain. Substantial numbers of fibers left this neuroma to enter two or more
      of five commissures, through which they recrossed the midline. These commissures:
      transverse, minor, horizontal, posterior and ansate, ordinarily contain few or no
      optic fibers. All are normally linked with the tectum. Negligible numbers of
      aberrant optic fibers recrossed the midline elsewhere. On the intact side of the
      brain, ipsilateral to the injected eye, the optic fibers innervated some or all
      of the nuclei and areas normally served by contralateral retinal fibers. An
      earlier behavioral study of these same fish had shown that some of them made
      reversed optokinetic nystagmus in response to stripe movement seen by the eye
      projecting ipsilaterally; others failed to respond to stimuli through this eye.
      In all the reversed responders, a caudal group of retinal projection sites was
      labeled ipsilaterally. This included the basal optic nucleus and the caudal
      portions of nucleus dorsolateralis thalami and area pretectalis. In the non
      responders, these targets were not labeled ipsilaterally. Together, these results
      suggest that one or more of these three sites is or are responsible for
      optokinetic nystagmus in normal goldfish.

PMID- 670861
TI  - Catch-up growth in the rat skull after retardation during the suckling period.
AB  - In rats whose growth was restricted by rearing in large litters the skull was
      less affected than the spine and the brain case less than the face. No sex
      difference was apparent during undernutrition but on subsequent rehabilitation
      females had caught up to controls in four out of five skull measurements within 4
      weeks and by the end of the experiment the skulls of the neonatally
      undernourished females were the same size and shape as the controls. In the case
      of males, however, the skull of the undernourished rats never attained the same
      width as the controls.

PMID- 670862
TI  - Anatomical mapping of retino-tectal connections in developing and metamorphosed
      Xenopus: evidence for changing connections.
AB  - Neural connections between the eye and optic tectum in Xenopus laevis were
      anatomically traced by observing the tectal location of Wallerian degeneration
      after discrete retinal lesion. These retinotectal connections were mapped in
      postmetamorphic frogs and tadpoles at stage 51, the stage at which retinal axons
      have grown into about the rostral one-half of the tectum. The course of the
      experimental degeneration was the same in frogs and tadpoles, but degeneration
      proceeded faster in the younger animals. In the frogs, connections were ordered,
      with nasal retina mapping to the caudal part of the tectum and temporal retina
      mapping to the rostral tectum. In the tadpoles, within the innervated area at the
      rostral tectum, the retino-tectal connections were generally organized as in the
      adults, with the temporal retina mapping to the rostral part of the innervated
      tectum and nasal retina mapping primarily to the caudal part. But a portion of
      the nasal fibers consistently mapped to the far rostral tectum as well. Electron
      microscopic observations showed degenerating synaptic terminals at both rostral
      and caudal portions of the innervated tectum after lesion of just the nasal
      retina. Degeneration was not seen in control animals. These results indicate that
      some fibers (particularly from nasal retina) may shift their terminals caudally
      on the tectum to match tectal growth and produce the adult pattern of
      connections. If there is such connection readjustment, the 'aberrant' connections
      from nasal retina in tadpoles may be an indication of this process.

PMID- 670863
TI  - Serum-dependent avian skin differentiation in vitro: time sequence of induced
      events.
AB  - Information concerning the developmental mechanisms involved in skin
      differentiation have been mainly derived from in vitro experiments. We have
      previously observed that 6-day chick embryonic thigh skin keratinizes in vitro in
      chicken serum-containing medium, but does not do so in chick embryo extract
      containing medium. This system seems adequate in many respects for investigating
      the mutual regulative relationship between epithelium and mesenchyme (so called
      epithelio-mesenchymal interactions). We have therefore attempted better to define
      the time course of differentiative events and their dependence upon the time of
      serum administration. Skin explants have been sequentially supplemented with
      differentiation-stimulating or non-stimulating nutrient, removed at different
      intervals and examined by histological and histochemical procedures. Different
      epithelial and mesenchymal behaviour results according to serum supplementation
      time. Serum administered in the first 48 h of in vitro maintenance is unable to
      stimulate either the subsequent epidermal keratinization or the correlated
      changes in dermal histochemical pattern. On the other hand, serum-containing
      medium induces keratinization and changes in dermal intercellular composition
      (glycoproteins accumulate to a greater extent than glycosoaminoglycans, as does
      hyaluronic acid relative to chondroitin sulphuric acids), if added for only the
      second two days. In the last 48 h, serum may promote epidermal keratinization
      provided that in vitro incubation has been prolonged. Administration of
      actinomycin D with serum in the second 48 h prevents epidermal keratinization and
      modifies dermal histochemical reactivity, but is ineffective if added in the last
      48 h. The above findings demonstrate that serum factor(s) stimulating epidermal
      differentiation act(s) on skin explants in the central incubation period and that
      correlatively mesenchyme acquires a characteristic histochemical pattern,
      supporting the possibility that the effect of serum may be mediated by changes in
      the composition of dermal ground substance.

PMID- 670864
TI  - Somite abnormalities caused by short heat shocks to pre-neurula stages of Xenopus
      laevis.
AB  - This paper describes the small disturbances, in the regular pattern of the
      somites and the fissures between them, that are seen following short (around 300
      s) heat shocks at 37.5 degrees C delivered to pre-neurula stages of Xenopus
      laevis. Affected groups of cells still finally differentiate as somite muscle,
      but the normally precise spatio-temporal sequence in which they move beforehand
      to give rise to the actual pattern of somite blocks, is disrupted. Examination of
      the position and sizes of patches of disrupted morphogenesis, in relation to the
      precise embryonic stage at shock, leads to certain conclusions about the nature
      of the disturbance induced by a brief period at high temperature, in cells due to
      form somites. The pattern of results is compared with that produced by similar
      temperature shocks given to tail-bud (later) staged embryos. The discussion
      includes a brief consideration of how the various results of heat shocks, given
      at different embryonic stages, might be understood in terms of one particular
      model (Cooke & Zeeman, 1976) for the spatio-temporal control of the developing
      somite pattern.

PMID- 670865
TI  - Changes in responsiveness of preimplantation mouse embryos to serum.
AB  - Changes in uptake of radioactive uridine and its incorporation into RNA were
      determined in preimplantation mouse embryos, from the 2-cell to the blastocyst
      stage, as a measure of their responsiveness to extracellular conditions. Two
      media were tested, one contained serum and the other contained bovine serum
      albumen as a control. An increase in the acid-soluble pool occurred at the 8-cell
      stage and a marked increase in RNA synthesis occurred at the early blastocyst
      stage when the embryos were incubated with serum.

PMID- 670866
TI  - Postembryonic development of the visual system of the locust, Schistocerca
      gregaria. I. Patterns of growth and developmental interactions in the retina and
      optic lobe.
AB  - The visual system of the locust, Schistocerca gregaria, has a highly ordered and
      predictable arrangement of neurons. The retina and the outermost layer, or
      lamina, of the optic lobe are each composed of repeating units, ommatidia and
      cartridges respectively. Each ommatidium has eight photoreceptor cells, which
      send axons directly to a group of five neurons in the lamina to form the
      cartridge. The importance, for the development of this precise pattern, of the
      mode of growth of the two arrays and of interactions between them was
      investigated. The spatial and temporal sequences of cell proliferation,
      differentiation and death in the developing retina and optic lobe were examined
      quantitatively under normal and experimental conditions. The retina grows from
      its anterior margin by addition of new ommatidia formed from recruited epidermal
      cells. The lamina also grows by addition of new neurons to its anterior margin,
      but these neurons are derived from a stem cell population. The parallel pattern
      of growth of the retina and lamina may be important for the formation of neuronal
      connexions between them. The retina grows and differentiates even when deprived
      of the underlying lamina. In laminae deprived of the ingrowth of new axons from
      the retina, the production of new neurons is also autonomous, but these neurons
      do not differentiate, but degenerate. A limited amount of cell death occurs in
      the laminae of control insects. These two observations suggest that a plausible
      mechanism for coordinating the sizes of the two arrays during normal development
      might be production of lamina neurons in excess of requirements and death of
      those remaining non-innervated.

PMID- 670867
TI  - Chromosome analysis of early postimplantation presumptive haploid parthenogenetic
      mouse embryos.
AB  - The chromosome constitution of early postimplantation presumptive haploid
      parthenogenetic mouse embryos was examined. All the embryos isolated were at the
      egg-cylinder stage and seven contained dividing cells. In two of the apparently
      healthy embryos only haploid mitoses were seen, whereas in five others an
      approximately equal proportion of haploid and diploid mitoses was observed. Out
      of 52 cells in which unequivocal counts could be made, only one contained more
      than the euploid number of chromosomes (mouse, n = 20). Possible reasons for the
      poorer development of haploid compared to diploid parthenogenetic embryos are
      discussed.

PMID- 670868
TI  - Respiratory and hydrostatic functions of the intestine of the catfishes
      Hoplosternum thoracatum and Brochis splendens (Callichthyidae).
AB  - 1. The air-breathing behaviour of Hoplosternum thoracatum and Brochis splendens
      has been studied and their strategy of coordinating the respiratory and
      hydrostatic functions of the accessory respiratory organ has been examined. 2. H.
      thoracatum and B. splendens are continuous but not obligate air-breathers and
      individuals of the former breathe air in synchrony with each other. 3. Frequency
      of air-breathing increased with increased activity in H. thoracatum. 4. Aquatic
      respiration (Vo2) in H. thoracatum decreased in hypoxic water but aerial Vo2
      maintained a fairly constant total Vo2 independent of aquatic O2. Total Vo2 is
      higher when fish breathe both air and water but aerial Vo2 did not exceed 75% of
      total Vo2. 5. The accessory respiratory organ provides about 75% of the lift
      required to attain neutral buoyancy whereas the swimbladder provides less than
      5%. The mean decreases in volume of the accessory respiratory organ in the period
      between breaths of B. splendens and H. thoracatum were 13.2 and 7.8%
      respectively. 6. With a gas phase of O2, B. splendens maintained a similar
      frequency of air breathing and showed a slightly greater reduction in buoyancy
      between air breaths when compared to breathing air. With a gas phase of N2, air
      breathing was less frequent and decreases in buoyancy between air breaths were
      much less than when breathing air. 7. The respiratory and hydrostatic functions
      of the accessory respiratory organ are compatible. Buoyancy is maintained by
      frequent air breaths taken in part in response to a decrease in volume of the
      accessory respiratory organ. This reservoir of O2 could increase metabolic scope
      during bursts of activity.

PMID- 670869
TI  - The effect of training on the swimming muscles of the goldfish (Carassius
      auratus).
AB  - Goldfish (Carassius auratus) were exercised continuously for periods of 28 days
      at swimming speeds of 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 body lengths per second and their rates of
      growth were determined. Changes in muscle fibre size were examined, as were
      changes which occurred in the concentrations of the major chemical constituents
      of these cells. These fish, typical of the carp family in that they are found
      only in still or slowly moving water, did not adapt well to the flowing water
      environment at any swimming speed. They often grew less than the controls,
      although consuming much more food. Changes in the composition of the muscle
      fibres indicated that excess food was not being stored, and also indicated that
      the major fuel for swimming at all speeds was glycogen. The fish survived well at
      high speeds and it was suggested that this was due to the ability of the species
      to metabolize glycogen anaerobically without the production of lactic acid.

PMID- 670870
TI  - Influence of water temperature on the electric organ discharge (EOD) of the
      weakly electric fish Marcusenius cyprinoides (Mormyridae).
AB  - 1. The influence of different water temperatures on the electric organ discharge
      (EOD) of a mormyrid fish Marcusenius cyprinoides was studied. The range of the
      water temperatures was fixed according to the seasonal temperature variations of
      the rivers in Central Africa, the natural habitat of this species. 2. The EOD
      activity was characterized using the following parameters: mean EOD rate, EOD
      pattern in the form of Interpulse Interval Histograms (IIH), IIH range, and
      shortest pulse interval. These parameters remained constant during control
      experiments at constant temperature (27 degrees C) for 4 days. 3. The mean EOD
      rate increases with increasing water temperatures. The lowest mean EOD rate is
      always found at 17 degrees C, the highest between 26 and 33 degrees C. The
      characteristics of the IIH are modified by stepwise temperature increases. These
      IIH show during high temperatures (26-33 degrees C) similar patterns to those
      previously observed during high level motor activity and excitement. The IIH
      range diminishes with stepwise temperature increases. The shortest pulse interval
      has a negative, linear correlation with water temperature. 4. The possible role
      of water temperature in the reproduction of the mormyrids is discussed. The high
      discharge rate of M. cyprinoides produced by high water temperatures during the
      rainy season could serve to improve the resolution of the electroreceptors during
      this period.

PMID- 670871
TI  - The effect of hypertonic solutions on the rate of relaxation of contracture
      tension in Mytilus smooth muscle.
AB  - 1. The effect of the bathing solution tonicity on the mechanical properties of
      the anterior byssal retractor muscle (ABRM) of Mytilus edulis was examined. 2.
      The rate of relaxation of contracture tension produced by acetylcholine (ACh) was
      greatly reduced when the bathing solution tonicity was increased by adding NaCl,
      KCl or LiCl after the removal of ACh, whereas a decreased tonicity increased the
      rate of relaxation. 3. The contracted ABRM in hypertonic solutions showed no
      active shortening after an isotonic release and barely redeveloped active tension
      after a quick release. 4. The resistance to stretch increased with increasing
      tonicity of the bathing solution. 5. The wet weight of the ABRM decreased much
      more markedly in sucrose-hypertonic solution than in Na-, K- or Li-hypertonic
      solutions, but the decrease in the rate of relaxation was less marked in the
      former, indicating that there may be little relation between the rate of
      relaxation and the degree of osmotic deformation of the ABRM fibres. 6. It is
      suggested that the elevated ionic strength in the myoplasm may be related to a
      reduction in the rate of detachment of the cross-linkages between the thick and
      thin filaments.

PMID- 670872
TI  - Kinetics of sodium and lithium movements across the blood-brain barrier of an
      insect.
AB  - The electrical responses of axons were used to monitor the time-course of a
      change in the concentration of an ion species in the fluid bathing the axons in
      connectives of isolated cockroach nerve cords. Initial exposure of the
      connectives to sodium-deficient Ringer resulted in a depletion of extra-axonal
      sodium which was much slower than the restoration observed on return of the
      sodium Ringer. It is suggested that this asymmetry could result from a sodium
      reservoir which delays the initial decline. Subsequent net inward and outward
      movements of sodium ions were rapid and symmetrical. Unlike sodium ions, lithium
      ions were apparently unable to reach the axon surfaces following sodium
      depletion. In view of the similar properties of sodium and lithium ions in many
      biological systems it is therefore unlikely that the sodium movements were
      passive. Instead, the results support the idea of net sodium transport by the
      perineurial and/or glial elements.

PMID- 670873
TI  - Rebound resilience of tendons in the feet of sheep (Ovis aries).
AB  - The interosseous muscle of the fore foot of the sheep is multipennate, with large
      tendons but extremely short muscle fibres. It is believed to save energy in
      locomotion by elastic storage in its tendons and its sheath. Its rebound
      resilience (at 5-7 Hz and 20-37 degrees C) is about 0.62.

PMID- 670874
TI  - Auditory masking patterns in the goldfish (Carassius auratus): psychophysical
      tuning curves.
AB  - The masking effects of tones on the detection auditory signals were studied in
      goldfish using the psychophysical tuning-curve paradigm. For signals below 350
      Hz, masking is an inverse function of the frequency separation between masker and
      signal; a finding consistent with previous masking studies on fishes, birds and
      mammals. For signals above 350 Hz, masking peaks occur both in the 350 Hz region
      and at the frequency of the signal. Quantitative comparisons with recent neural
      tuning curves for goldfish saccular neurones suggest that the filtering observed
      may be determined by mechanical frequency selectivity below 350 Hz, but by a
      neural analysis of temporal patterns above this range.

PMID- 670875
TI  - Effectiveness of hand overcorrection for topographically similar and dissimilar
      self-stimulatory behavior.

PMID- 670876
TI  - The development of visual information processing skills related to reading.

PMID- 670877
TI  - Discriminability of brightness change for infants.

PMID- 670878
TI  - Developmental changes in picture recognition.

PMID- 670879
TI  - The roles of egocentrism and of weakness in comparing in children's explanations
      of communication failure.

PMID- 670880
TI  - Visual behavior of the young human infant: relationships between chromatic and
      spatial perception and the activity of underlying brain mechanisms.

PMID- 670881
TI  - Newborns' central vision: whole or hole?

PMID- 670882
TI  - Hemispheric specialization for VOT perception in the preschool child.

PMID- 670883
TI  - The effect of serving as a model of self-control on subsequent resistance to
      deviation in children.

PMID- 670884
TI  - The origin, kinetics, and characteristics of the Kupffer cells in the normal
      steady state.
AB  - Enzymatic digestion with pronase and DNAase was used to isolate Kupffer cells
      from mouse liver. The characteristics of these cells were found to be similar to
      those of peritoneal macrophages, except that in the initial suspension the
      percentage of Kupffer cells with Fc receptors was low, C receptors were absent
      and the ingestion of opsenized bacteria was very poor, because of the effect of
      pronase on the cell membrane. After 24 h incubation in vitro all these
      characteristics return. The in vitro and 1 h-pulse [(3)H]thymidine labeling of
      the Kupffer cells is low (0.8 and 1 percent, respectively) indicating that in
      essence these cells do not divide. It was also shown that the small percentage of
      in vitro labeled Kupffer cells was recently derived from the circulation. After
      an intravenous injection of zymosan the in vitro labeling index of the Kupffer
      cells increased 16-fold, but it was proven that these dividing cells were
      immature mononuclear phagocytes very recently recruited from the bone marrow. The
      labeling of Kupffer cells aider one or four injections of [(3)H]thymidine reached
      a peak of 10.4 percent at 48 h or 24.1 percent at 60 h, respectively, indicating
      that these cells are derived from labeled monocytes. Further evidence for this
      conclusion was obtained by the absence of an increase of labeled Kupffer cells
      during treatment with hydrocortisone, which causes a monocytopenia during which
      no circulating monocytes are available to migrate to the tissues. Labeling
      studies in animals X-irradiated with hind-limb shielding gave a Kupffer cell
      labeling index of 5-10 percent of the normal values, which confirms their bone
      marrow origin. A quantitative study on the production of labeled monocytes in the
      bone marrow and their transit through the circulation showed that in the normal
      steady state at least 56.4 percent of the monocytes leaving the circulation
      become Kupffer cells. Considering the Kupffer cells as kinetically homogeneous
      this gives a mean turnover time of the total population of Kupffer cells of 21
      days.

PMID- 670885
TI  - The role of antigen form and function in the primary and secondary intestinal
      immune responses to cholera toxin and toxoid in rats.
AB  - This report describes studies of the mucosal antitoxic response in rats after
      enteric administration of several forms of cholera toxin or toxoid, proteins
      which differ primarily in their ability to bind to cell membranes and activate
      cellular adenyl cyclase. These two characteristics appeared to markedly enhance
      the local primary response to these antigens. A single dose of toxoid lacking
      these features was ineffective in local priming even though it was absorbed and
      induced a systemic immune response. Single dose mucosal priming occurred only
      with preparations which bind to cell membranes and was enhanced by those which
      also activate cellular adenyl cyclase. In contrast, single-dose mucosal boosting
      was best accomplished by materials with these properties but was also seen with a
      toxoid lacking both of these functions. The property of membrane binding appears
      to be most advantageous in mucosal priming, perhaps by increasing effective
      trapping of absorbed antigen in unprimed mucosal lymphoid tissue, whereas the
      ability to activate adenyl cyclase appears to enhance primary and secondary type
      responses about equally. Combinations of crude toxoid and toxin were also more
      effective in mucosal priming than purified materials, a finding which is
      unexplained. A single dose of this combination induced mucosal priming which was
      fully developed in 2 wk, undiminished after 4 too, and only modestly diminished
      after 8 mo, thus demonstrating relatively prolonged memory in the IgA mucosal
      immune system. Effective two-dose local immunizing regimens were developed, and
      it was shown that there was no correlation between the mucosal and systemic
      secondary antitoxin responses provoked by these regimens.

PMID- 670886
TI  - Human C4-binding protein. I. Isolation and characterization.
AB  - C4-binding protein (C4-bp), a new component of the complement system, was
      isolated from human plasma by precipitation with polyethyleneglycol, followed by
      chromatography on ion exchangers. C4-bp was identified on sodium dodecyl- sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) by two independent criteria: its
      ability to bind to C4b, and immunoprecipitation with a monospecificantiserum.
      Purified C4-bp is a 10.7 s glycoprotein. It consists of several disulfide bonded
      subunits of mol wt 70,000 daltons. Under nonreducing conditions, its mol wt has
      been estimated on SDS-PAGE as 540- 590,000 daltons. C4-bp moves as a slow B
      globulin at pH 8.6 in the absence of free divalent cations, but when the buffers
      contain Ca(++)-lactate, C4-bp is a gamma globulin. Purified C4-bp binds to
      purified C4b. The reaction proceeds in the presence or absence of divalent
      cations and is not inhibited by diisopropylfluorophosphate. The C4b/C4-bp
      complexes have sedimentation coefficients between 15 and 17 s on sucrose gradient
      ultracentrifugation, and can be readily identified by crossed
      immunoelectrophoresis (CIE). The complexes move faster toward the anode than
      either protein. C4-bp is multivalent. Saturation is reached at molecular ratios
      of C4b/C4- bp of between 4 and 5. The interaction between C4b and C4-bp may
      complicate the electrophoretic patterns of these proteins in normal human serum,
      if the complement system is activated before or during the run. However, in EDTA
      plasma, native C4 and C4-bp do not form stable complexes and can be identified in
      separate peaks after CIE.

PMID- 670888
TI  - Habituation of the forelimb-withdrawal response in neonatal rats.
AB  - The purpose of the present research was to examine the ontogeny of habituation in
      the neonatal rat, using the forelimb-withdrawal response. Thresholds and
      latencies of the response, changing patterns of responding to shock stimuli, and
      habituation of the response were studied in rats 3 to 15 days of age. It was
      found that although response thresholds do not change during this period of
      development, response latencies decrease and amplitudes increase. Three- and 6
      day old pups remain active much longer following shock than do 10- and 15day
      olds. When compared for habituation to different frequencies of stimulation, 3
      day-old rat pups were found to be much more susceptible to habituation at low
      frequencies than 15-day-olds. Insertion of a simple intense shock in the
      habituation series produced marked dishabituation in the 3-day-olds but little or
      none in the 15-day-olds. This pattern of results was obtained regardless of the
      locus of the dishabituating shock. Analysis of response latencies showed that
      although 15-day-olds responded 2 to 3 times more quickly than 3-day-olds, both
      age groups responded more rapidly to a strong shock than to a weak one. During
      habituation, response amplitudes of both 3- and 15-day-old pups declined with no
      change in latency. Age-related differences in habituation were shown to be
      independent of differences in reactivity to shock and more likely due to the
      emergence of response sensitization.

PMID- 670887
TI  - Mononuclear phagocytes from carrageenan-induce granulomas. Isolation,
      cultivation, and characterization.
AB  - Stable cultures of mononuclear phagocytes from carrageenan-induced granulomas in
      mice have been established after enzymatic dispersion of these lesions. The cells
      can be maintained for up to 3 wk without division in serum-free media. The
      mononuclear phagocytes were identified by several criteria. The cells are
      adherent, phagocytic, contain lysosomal acid hydrolases at high specific
      activities, secrete lysozyme, and bind soluble aggregates of IgG. The activities
      of 5'-nucleotidase and leucine aminopeptidase in the cultured granuloma cells
      showed that they resembled macrophages from thioglycollate-stimulated mice but
      not unstimulated macrophages in these respects. Supernates from the cultured
      granuloma cells contain factor(s) which induce the proliferation of thymocytes;
      the release of such factors by the cells is stimulated by lipopolysaccharide.

PMID- 670889
TI  - Frustration odor of rats receiving small numbers of prior rewarded running
      trials.
AB  - Three related experiments were performed to examine trial-to-trial differences in
      production of frustration odor during runway extinction by rats that had received
      0, 2, 4, or 6 prior rewards. Differences in odor production were indexed by the
      subsequent speed of escape from the runway goal box by conspecifics. The results
      indicated that (a) subjects will perform a hurdle-jump response to escape from
      frustration odor; (b) escape performance even after several prior escape trials
      accurately reflects trial-to-trial changes in production of frustration odor; and
      (c) production of frustration odor requires only 4 prior rewards. Implications of
      the present data for frustration analyses of the limited-trial partial
      reinforcement effect and future investigations of frustration odor are discussed.

PMID- 670890
TI  - Reinforcement and the organization of behavior in golden hamsters: Pavlovian
      conditioning with food and shock unconditioned stimuli.
AB  - The effects of Pavlovian conditioned stimuli (CSs) for food or shock on a variety
      of behaviors of golden hamsters were observed in three experiments. The aim was
      to see whether previously reported differences among the behaviors produced by
      food reinforcement and punishment procedures could be accounted for by
      differential effects of Pavlovian conditioning on the behaviors. There was some
      correspondence between the behaviors observed to the CSs and the previously
      reported effects of instrumental training. However, the Pavlovian conditioned
      responses (CRs) alone would not have predicted the effects of instrumental
      training. Moreover, CRs depended to some extent on the context in which training
      and testing occurred. These findings, together with others in the literature,
      suggest that the results of Pavlovian conditioning procedures may not
      unambiguously predict what system of behaviors will be most readily modified by
      instrumental training with a given reinforcer.

PMID- 670891
TI  - The role of predrug signals in morphine analgesic tolerance: support for a
      Pavlovian conditioning model of tolerance.
AB  - According to a model of morphine tolerance, which emphasizes Pavlovian
      conditioning principles, tolerance results from an association between predrug
      environmental cues and the systemic effects of the drug. To assess this model,
      groups of rats were administered morphine on either three or nine occasions, with
      a complex environmental stimulus either paired or not paired with each injection.
      Control groups had equivalent experience with the environmental cue and injection
      procedure, but the injected substance was physiological saline. Subsequently, the
      analgesic effect of the opiate was tested in all subjects following
      administration of the drug in conjunction with the environmental cue. As expected
      on the basis of the conditioning model of tolerance, subjects with a pretest
      history of paired morphine administrations displayed analgesic tolerance, but
      subjects with a pretest history of unpaired administration displayed no evidence
      of such tolerance. The results suggest that prior demonstrations that the display
      of morphine tolerance is specific to the drug administration environment may be
      readily interpreted by a conditioning analysis of tolerance.

PMID- 670892
TI  - Conditioned fear and startle magnitude: effects of different footshock or
      backshock intensities used in training.
AB  - In Experiment 1 four groups of rats received 30 light-shock pairings using
      footshock intensities of either .2, .4, .8, or 1.6 mA. One day later all rats
      were tested for startle by presenting tones in the presence or absence of the
      light CS. Potentiated startle (the difference between startle on light-tone vs
      tone-alone trials) was nonmonotonically related to the shock intensity used in
      training, with the greatest potentiation at intermediate shock levels. Experiment
      3 demonstrated a similar relationship when backshocks instead of footshocks were
      used. In Experiment 2 rats were trained with either a moderate or high shock and
      then given an extended extinction-test session 1 day later. The moderate-shock
      group showed a gradual decline in potentiated startle over extinction. The high
      shock group showed a nonmonotonic extinction curve where potentiation
      progressively increased toward the middle of extinction and dissipated
      thereafter. The results suggest that acoustic startle bears an inverted U-shaped
      relationship to fear and are discussed in relation to other studies concerned
      with this issue.

PMID- 670893
TI  - Radioimmunoassay of 17-alpha-alkylated anabolic steroids.
AB  - A method for the detection of anabolic 17-alpha-alkylated androstane derivatives
      in both plasma and urine is described and evaluated. The goat and rabbit antisera
      against 17-alpha-Methyltestosterone-3-carboxymethyloxim-Rinder-serum albumin were
      raised and compared using [3H]methandrostenolone as a tracer. 22 Steroids
      including 10 potent synthetic anabolics were tested for their cross-reaction with
      these antisera.

PMID- 670894
TI  - [Short programs for the determination of amino acids in physiological fluids
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Short programs for the determination of a few amino acids are described. The
      studies were performed with two commercially available ion exchange resins
      (Durrum DC6A, Phoenix XX 907 OPKU). All the programs are constructed so that they
      are suitable for urine analysis with unfavourable concentration ratios. The
      economic aspects and the areas of application of these methods are discussed.

PMID- 670895
TI  - Evaluation of the enzymatic ammonia method for urine on the Du Pont automatic
      clinical analyzer.
AB  - The enzymatic method for ammonia with the Du Pont Automatic Clinical Analyzer was
      tested in our laboratory. The method is very suitable for urine samples although
      the method was released by Du Pont only for plasma samples. The results
      correlated well with those obtained by a method based on the Berthelot indophenol
      reaction and by a method based on the use of an ammonium electrode, which has an
      ammonium ion selective membrane. The day-to-day coefficient of variation is about
      2 and 4% at concentration levels of 100 and 50 mumol/1 respectively. The measured
      and relative ammonia concentration are linearly related. Recovery of added known
      amounts of ammonium is complete and no interference from glucose, urea,
      creatinine and uric acid could be demonstrated. Recommendations are given for
      handling blood and urine samples before analysis.

PMID- 670896
TI  - [Electrolyte and collagen content of rat heart in chronic Mg-deficiency and
      stress (author's transl)].
AB  - In chronic Mg-deficiency, there is a decrease in the content of Mg and K+ in the
      heart muscle. The contents of Ca, Na+ and hydroxyproline increase. There is also
      an increased urinary excretion of adrenaline and especially noradrenaline. With
      simultaneous noise stress, these changes are even greater. The magnitude of the
      changes increases with the degree of Mg-deficiency. The changes in the contents
      of Na+, K+, Ca, Mg and hydroxyproline correlate with the excretion of
      noradrenaline. The increase in the collagen content can be verified by electron
      microscopy, and it is due to a stimulation of the fibrocytes.

PMID- 670897
TI  - [Studies on the interaction of Phenprocoumon with Diazepam and with Nitrazepam
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The influence of Diazepam and Nitrazepam on the anticoagulating activity of
      Phenprocoumon was studied in rats. It was found that the repeated oral
      application of Diazepam or Nitrazepam during the treatment with Phenprocoumon did
      not change the adjusted prothrombin time. The prothrombin time was considerably
      shortened when the application of Diazepam or Nitrazepam was stopped although
      Phenprocoumon was still applied. Furthermore, the influence of Chlordiazepoxid,
      Diazepam and Nitrazepam on the normal prothrombin time was studied. It was found
      that the treatment with benzodiazepine derivatives had no influence upon the
      prothrombin time, not only during the treatment, but also after the treatment was
      stopped.

PMID- 670898
TI  - [Determination of serum iron; a comparison of two methods: atomic absorption and
      bathophenanthroline without deproteinisation (author's transl)].
AB  - Two methods for the assay of serum iron are compared; determination by atomic
      absorption after deproteinisation, and spectrophotometric determination after
      liberation of the iron by a detergent, reduction with dithionite, and chelation
      with bathophenanthroline disulfonate, without deproteinisation. RESULTS:
      Regression: y = 0.996 x --0.41 (s: atomic absorption; y: bathophenanthroline
      method; mumol/1 Fe; r = 0.986. Precision (CV) for a series of identical samples
      with 14.3 mumol/1: 2.0% for atomic absorption and 1.3% for bathophenanthroline.

PMID- 670899
TI  - Comparative studies on the radioimmunological determination of carcinoembryonic
      antigen in tumour tissue.
AB  - Human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was measured in perchloric acid extracts
      from 9 malignant gastrointestinal tumours, using two different radioimmunological
      methods (Hoffmann-La Roche and CEA-IRE-SORIN). When standard curves were set up,
      quantitative differences in the degree of inhibition were found between the
      standards from the two manufacturers. In the Hoffmann-La Roche assay the CEA
      binding curves of all tumour extracts ran parallel with the standard. However,
      when the CEA-IRE-SORIN assay was applied two of the nine tumours exhibited
      different slopes. In one case, using the CEA-IRE-SORIN method, various parts of
      the tumour exhibited binding curves with non-parallel slopes. The present results
      suggest that radioimmunologically heterogeneous CEA occurs in different
      gastrointestinal tumours as well as in various parts of the same tumour.

PMID- 670900
TI  - Diagnostic value of lysozyme activity estimation in the feces of infants with
      acute diarrhoea.
AB  - The activity of lysozyme in feces was estimated in a control group of 50 healthy
      infants and in a group of 152 infants with acute diarrhoea. All infants
      investigated were artificially nourished. In the latter group the activity of
      lysozyme was estimated twice: a) at the beginning of clinically active phase of
      the disease and (b) in the convalescence period immediately after withdrawal of
      clinical symptoms. The range of normal values was 14.9--77.0 (average 44.0) of
      egg-white lysozyme units/g dry feces. In acute diarrhoea the activity of lysozyme
      in feces was found to be elevated in 72.4% of cases in the first determinations
      and in an additional 7.6% of cases in the second determination (i.e. a total of
      80% of cases in both determinations). The average elevations of lysozyme activity
      in the feces and the dynamics of their normalization after withdrawal of clinical
      symptoms were generally related to the severity of the disease.

PMID- 670901
TI  - A rapid screening test for lactic aciduria.
AB  - A rapid test for the determination of lactate in urine is described, which
      differentiates adequately between normal and elevated urine lactate levels. The
      method depends on the enzymatic decolourization of the blue dye
      dichlorophenolindophenol by lactate in the presence of the enzyme L-lactate
      cytochrome c oxidoreductase (EC 1.1.2.3). Interference by vitamin C is prevented
      by pre-treatment with charcoal. The test is simple and inexpensive, and a compact
      testing unit, which is stable and convenient for most laboratories, can be
      assembled in a glass capillary.

PMID- 670902
TI  - [Endogenous 3-O-methyldopa in man: normal level and effect of an inhibitor of
      aromatic amino-acid decarboxylase (Benserazid) (author's transl)].
AB  - The fasting level of 3-O-methyldopa in human plasma is 120 +/- 18 nmol/1. Four
      hours after a single dose of 425 mumol benserazid, the level increased to 313 +/-
      69 nmol/1.

PMID- 670903
TI  - [A model for the adsorptive distribution of thyroid hormone in the cell (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Mitochondria from rat livers were suspended in solutions of cytoplasmic proteins
      ("cytosol") containing 0.5--4.7 g total protein per liter suspension. In these
      suspensions the adsorptive distribution of radioactive 3,5,3'-L-triiodothyronine
      was studied in the concentration range between 0.04 and 0.50 nmol/1. The
      experiments show that the distribution of the hormone between the liquid phase of
      the cytosol and the solid phase of the mitochondria depends mainly on the protein
      concentrations in both phases. The mathematical formulation of this distribution
      equilibria which is also applicable to thyroxine corresponded closely with the
      experimental findings. The processes of the adsorptive binding of thyroid
      hormones to cell proteins observed in vitro are thought to represent part of a
      transport chain that exists between different compartments in vivo. The
      consequences of these considerations on the transport of thyroid hormones within
      the cell are discussed.

PMID- 670904
TI  - [The reaction of cyclohexylsulphamic acid (Cyclamate) with nitrous acid in
      aqueous HCl-solution, isolated human gastric juice and urine (author's transl)].
AB  - The pH dependence of the formation and decomposition of the N-nitroso derivative,
      which is produced by the reaction of cyclohexylsulphamic acid with nitrous acid,
      was investigated by means of continuous photometric measurement of the changes in
      absorbance. Reaction at pH 2.45 resulted in an optimal yield of the N-nitroso
      derivative. The half-life of the decomposition reaction (the reactants
      cyclohexylsulphamic acid/sodium nitrite being in a molar ratio of 1:1.11) at pH
      2.61 was 13.6 min. The N-nitroso derivative showed a relatively high stability at
      pH 4.5. The reaction in isolated human gastric juice and urine showed the same pH
      dependency as in aqueous HCl solution.

PMID- 670905
TI  - Variations in cerebral organization as a function of handedness, hand posture in
      writing, and sex.
AB  - During the past century, it has become increasingly apparent that there is a
      great deal of variation in the direction and degree of cerebral lateralization, a
      plurality of people having language and related functions strongly specialized to
      the left hemisphere and visuospatial functions strongly specialized to the right,
      with substantial minorities manifesting various deviations from this pattern. In
      particular, in 35%-50% of sinistrals and 1%-10% of dextrals, the right hemisphere
      is specialized for linguistic skills, and in some unknown fraction of the two
      handedness groups, verbal and/or spatial abilities are, to varying extents,
      bilateralized. Levy (1973) suggested that the hand posture adopted during writing
      might be an index of the lateral relationship between the dominant writing hand
      and the language hemisphere, a normal posture indicating contralateral language
      specialization, and an inverted posture indicating ipsilateral language
      specialization. In the present investigation, two tachistoscopic tests of
      cerebral lateralization, one measuring spatial functions and one measuring verbal
      function, were administered to 73 subjects classified by handedness, hand posture
      during writing, and sex. Among both dextral and sinistral subjects with a normal
      writing posture, language and spatial functions were specialized to the
      contralateral and ipsilateral hemispheres, respectively, and lateral
      differentiation of the brain was strong. The reverse was seen in subjects having
      an inverted writing posture. In all groups, females were less laterally
      differentiated than males. In 70 out of 73 subjects, the direction of cerebral
      laterization was accurately predicted by handedness and hand posture. The 3
      subjects (2 females and 1 male) who failed to manifest the predicted relations
      were all left-handers having an inverted hand posture . In this group, lateral
      differentiation was so weak that the reliability of the tachistoscopic tests was
      reduced, and we attribute these three predictive failures to this cause. Thus,
      almost all of the variation in the lateral organization of the brain was
      accounted for by handedness, hand posture, and sex.

PMID- 670906
TI  - An alternative interpretation of the stimulus suffix effect.
AB  - The influence of a stimulus suffix was examined in yes-no recognition and probe
      recall tasks. As with previous findings with serial recall, reliable suffix
      effects were obtained in probe recall. However, no suffix effects were found in
      the recognition task. Both serial and probe-recall tasks require the retention of
      order and item information, while only item information is required in
      recognition. An interpretation of the suffix effect based on interference with
      order information is presented.

PMID- 670907
TI  - Analysis and interpretation of data.

PMID- 670908
TI  - Communication of result of research.

PMID- 670909
TI  - Research considerations for the family physician.

PMID- 670910
TI  - Glossary for primary care. Report of the North American Primary Care Research
      Group (NAPCRG) Committee on Standard Terminology.

PMID- 670911
TI  - Conversion code from the RCGP to the ICHPPC classification system.

PMID- 670912
TI  - Research workbook: a guide for initial planning of clinical, social, and
      behavioral research projects.

PMID- 670913
TI  - An adolescent enuretic: primary care management of the patient in a multiproblem
      family.

PMID- 670914
TI  - Testing the mailed appointment reminder in family practice.

PMID- 670915
TI  - Self-assessment in family practice.

PMID- 670916
TI  - On the developing research base in family practice.

PMID- 670917
TI  - Family medicine as a science.

PMID- 670919
TI  - Climate for research in family practice.

PMID- 670918
TI  - Research traditions available to family medicine.

PMID- 670920
TI  - Collection data.

PMID- 670921
TI  - Inositol pentaphosphate in fish red blood cells.
AB  - Inositol pentaphosphate (IP5) has long been characteristic of avian erythrocytes.
      We now report that this compound is also present in the red cells of two species
      of elasmobranch fishes, Squalus acanthias (spiny dogfish) and Narcacion nobiliana
      (torpedo ray). The mean concentration of I5 is 0.36 and 0.24 micromoles per ml of
      red cells respectively. ATP is the major organic phosphate in both fishes. 2.3
      diphosphoglycerate is absent and GTP levels correspond approximately to the
      levels of I5.

PMID- 670922
TI  - Estrogen localization in the brain of the lizard, Anolis carolinensis (1).
AB  - Estrogen induces reproductive behavior in lizards by acting on specific areas of
      the brain. Neural areas that selectively concentrate radioactivity after 3-h
      estradiol administration were mapped using thawmount autoradiography. Major
      accumulations of hormone-concentrating cells occur in the medial preoptic area,
      basal hypothalamus, amygdala (n. vetromedialis telencephali) and in and around
      the torus semicircularis. Numerous smaller accumulations are also described and
      the topographical distribution is compared with that of avian and mammalian
      species.

PMID- 670923
TI  - The effects of lumicolchicine, colchicine and vinblastine on pigment migration in
      fish chromatophores.
AB  - The effects of lumicolchicine, colchicine, vinblastine and cold temperature on
      the pigment migration in melanophores and xanthophores of Fundulus heteroclitus
      and Oryzias latipes were examined by light and electron microscopy. Xanthophores
      of both species which contain numerous microfilaments and a poorly developed
      microtubule system were extremely sensitive to the alkaloids. Lumicolchicine and
      colchicine induced irreversible dispersion while vinblastine caused permanent
      aggregation of the pigments. Treatment in lumicolchicine or colchicine at 5 mM
      for 60 minutes did not disrupt microtubules of melanophores to an appreciable
      degree, however, melanosome aggregation was partially inhibited by these drug in
      Oryzias. When melanophores were kept in the cold in the presence of colchicine at
      1 mM, almost all microtubules were disrupted and their repolymerization at room
      temperature was nearly completely inhibited by colchicine. These melanophores
      lacking in microtubules responded to epinephrine with slow aggregation.
      Vinblastine at 0.1 mM induced partial aggregation of melanosomes and disruption
      of microtubules but most melanophores were still able to respond with pigment
      migration. Vinblastine at 1 mM made all melanophores punctate and immobile. Large
      vinblastine-induced crystals were frequently seen in the dendritic processes. The
      results of the present investigation suggest that cytoplasmic microtubules in
      fish melanophores facilitate melanosome migration only in directional orientation
      and appear not be responsible for the motive force.

PMID- 670924
TI  - Analysis of acute and chronic thresholds and reliability of permanent transvenous
      pacing.

PMID- 670925
TI  - Heart block and cardiac pacing.

PMID- 670926
TI  - St. Louis encephalitis.

PMID- 670927
TI  - Inhibition in the Limulus lateral eye in situ.
AB  - Inhibition in the Limulus lateral eye in situ is qualitatively similar to that in
      the excised eye. In both preparations ommatidia mutually inhibit one another, and
      the magnitude of the inhibitory effects are linear functions of the response rate
      of individual ommatidia. The strength of inhibition exerted between single
      ommatidia is also about the same for both preparations; however, stronger effects
      can converge on a single ommatidium in situ. At high levels of illumination of
      the retina in situ the inhibitory effects are often strong enough to produce
      sustained oscillations in the discharge of optic nerve fibers. The weaker
      inhibitory influences at low levels of illumination do not produce oscillations
      but decrease the variance of the optic nerve discharge. Thresholds for the
      inhibitory effects appear to be determined by both presynaptic and postsynaptic
      cellular processes. Our results are consistent with the idea that a single
      ommatidium can be inhibited by more of its neighbors in an eye in situ than in an
      excised eye. Leaving intact the blood supply to the eye appears to preserve the
      functional integrity of the retinal pathways which mediate inhibition.

PMID- 670928
TI  - Effects of bicarbonate on lithium transport in human red cells.
AB  - Lithium influx into human erythrocytes increased 12-fold, when chloride was
      replaced with bicarbonate in a 150 mM lithium medium (38 degrees C. pH 7.4). The
      increase was linearly related to both lithium- and bicarbonate concentration, and
      was completely eliminated by the amino reagent 4, 4'- diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'
      disulfonic acid (DIDS). DIDS binds to an integral membrane protein (mol wt
      approximately 10(5) dalton) involved in anion exchange. Inhibition of both anion
      exchange and of bicarbonate-stimulated lithium influx was linearly related to
      DIDS binding. 1.1 X 10(6) DIDS molecules per cell caused complete inhibition of
      both processes. Both Cl- and Li+ can apparently be transported by the anion
      transport mechanism. The results support our previous proposal that bicarbonate
      induced lithium permeability is due to transport of lithium-carbonate ion pairs
      (LiCO-3). DIDS-sensitive lithium influx had a high activation energy (24
      kcal/mol), compatible with transport by the anion exchange mechanism. We have
      examined how variations of passive lithium permeability, induced by bicarbonate,
      affect the sodium-driven lithium counter-transport in human erythrocytes. The
      ability of the counter-transport system to establish a lithium gradient across
      the membrane decrease linearly with bicarbonate concentration in the medium. The
      counter-transport system was unaffected by DIDS treatement. At a plasma
      bicarbonate concentration of 24 mM, two-thirds of the lithium influx is mediated
      by the bicarbonate-stimulated pathway, and the fraction will increase
      significantly in metabolic alkalosis.

PMID- 670929
TI  - A polysaccharide antigen from the Gram-positive organism Eubacterium saburreum
      containing dideoxyhexose as the immunodominant sugar.
AB  - A highly active surface antigen, reacting by precipitation and complement
      fixation, has been isolated from Eubacterium saburreum strain L32. The antigen is
      a polysaccharide polymer built up of galactose, ribose and dideoxyhexose. The
      dideoxyhexose is the immunodominant sugar.

PMID- 670930
TI  - Mutants of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus NCIB 8250 constitutive for the mandelate
      enzymes.
AB  - Methods for isolating mutants of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus NCIB 8250
      constitutive for the mandelate enzymes were compared. Non-inducing substrates
      were not available. Continuous culture gave no stable constitutive mutants.
      Alternate culture in inducing (L-mandelate) and non-inducing (L-glutamate) media
      led to the isolation of mutants mesoconstitutive for L-mandelate dehydrogenase
      and phenylgloxylate carboxy-lyase, and hyperinducible for benzaldehyde
      dehydrogenase I. Screening of possible anti-inducers showed that 2-phenyl
      propionate was very effective; it was a competitive inhibitor of gratuitous
      induction by thiophenoxyacetate, and was used for the isolation of constitutive
      mutants. Some of the mutants were magnoconstitutive for L-mandelate
      dehydrogenase, phenylglyoxylate carboxylyase and benzaldehyde dehydrogenase I and
      could not be further induced; others had lower specific activities which could be
      increased by induction with phenylglyoxylate or thiophenoxyacetate. Similar
      constitutive mutants were derived from a mutant which lacked L-mandelate
      dehydrogenase.

PMID- 670931
TI  - Origins of fermentation products formed during growth of Bacteroides ruminicola
      on glucose.
AB  - Bacteriodes ruminicola grown on complex medium with glucose as carbon source gave
      acetate, CO2, formate and succinate as main fermentation products. No evidence
      was found for significant glucose catabolism by pathways other than the Embden
      Meyerhof sequence. However, [U-14C]glucose fermentation gave products whose
      specific radioactivities were much lower than expected. There appear to be two
      main causes. Firstly, a rapid exchange occurred between metabolic intermediates
      and CO2, probably due to reversibility of the pathway between phosphoenolpyruvate
      and fumarate. Secondly, non-glucose precursors, mainly peptides and acetate,
      added to the medium as growth factors, also gave rise to the above end-products.
      The distortions that such reactions introduce into measurements of ATP molar
      growth yields based on product analyses and measurements of carbon flux based on
      radioactivity recovered in products are discussed.

PMID- 670932
TI  - Properties of a temperature-sensitive mutant of Staphylococcus aureus defective
      in DNA replication and cell division and replication of plasmids in the mutant.
AB  - The properties of a temperature-sensitive mutant (ts39) of Staphylococcus aureus
      NCTC 8235 are described. After transfer to the restrictive temperature (42
      degrees C), absorbance increased 10-to 20-fold but DNA content did not increase
      beyond 150 to 200% and cell division continued at a greatly reduced rate. On
      transfer back to the permissive temperature, both cell division and DNA synthesis
      resumed if the transfer occurred after less than 120 min at 42 degrees C.
      Resumption of DNA replication was blocked by chloramphenicol (100 microgram ml
      1). The results are discussed with reference to possible defects in DNA
      replication. Replication of the plasmids pI258 and pT10501 and the chromosome
      were affected to a similar extent in ts39. Growth at 42 degrees C resulted in the
      appearance of an increased amount of pI258 DNA in a form that sedimented slowly
      in a sucrose gradient.

PMID- 670933
TI  - Unstable naturally occurring resistance to antibiotics in streptomyces.

PMID- 670934
TI  - Anomalous citrate synthase from Thermus aquaticus.

PMID- 670935
TI  - [Haemoglobinosis C/beta-thalassemia double heterozygosity in an Algerian patient
      with total suppression of haemoglobin A synthesis (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors describe the case of a young Algerian, aged 32, suffering from mild
      icterus, accompanied by a marked splenomegaly. The blood count revealed a
      moderate degree of anaemia with reticulocytosis, pronounced anisocytosis, micro
      spherocytes, bulls eye cells, folded cells, hypochrome cells, a marked
      polychromasia and a mild erythroblastosis. Present also were hyperbilirubinaemia,
      raised plasma haemoglobin, zero haptoglobin, a reduced osmotic fragility and half
      life of erythrocytes. Haemoglobin electrophoresis showed 17.25% haemoglobin F,
      62.8% haemoglobin C+A2 and no haemoglobin A. The genetic study indicated that the
      patient was a double heterozygote C/beta thalassaemia, his mother and his son
      both suffering from this disease. This thalassemic gene of type beta (0) totally
      inhibited the synthesis of haemoglobin A, the defect found in our patient.

PMID- 670936
TI  - [Sclero-atrophic keratodermal genodermatosis of the extremities (sclerotylosis)
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors report a new case of sclero-atrophic keratodermal genodermatosis of
      the extremities, which is frequently degenerative. This condition, described by
      Huriez et al. in 1967, is characterized by symmetric lesions of the hands and
      feet, sclerodactyly, keratodermia, onychopathy and hypohidrosis. This disease,
      which is of dominant autosomal transmission, is associated with the MNSs trait,
      the two genes being probably located on chromosome No. 2.

PMID- 670937
TI  - [Constitutional stereotyped gap in human chromosomes (author's transl)].
AB  - The stereotyped break with gap of a chromosomal variant is rarely observed. This
      anomaly is transmitted according to autosomal dominant rule. The distal part of
      the broken chromosome may either be still bound to the sister chromatid through
      mitotic non-disjunction, forming a triradial figure, or take a moniliform and
      pulverized appearance, evoking premature chromosome condensation.

PMID- 670938
TI  - Ovarian differentiation in Turner's syndrome.
AB  - The authors have studied the gonadal histogenesis and the sexual chromosome
      influence on the gonads of 17 patients with the following complements :
      45,X/46,XXqi (1 case); 45,X (4 cases); 45,X/46,XXP--(1 cases); 45,Xq--  (1 case);
      45,X/46,XX (8 cases); 45,X/46,XX/46,XXqi (1case); and 45,X/46,XXqi/47,XXqiXqi (1
      case).  The presence of sexual differentiation structures was investigated :
      coelomic epithelium, stromal characteristics, follicles sexual cords, medullary
      tubules, rete ovarii, hilar cells, mesonephric remnants and coelomic epithelium
      inclusions. All gonads were constituted by rudimentary ovarian stroma with
      different states of hyalinization. Primordial follicles were noted in two
      patients with respectively 45,X/46,XX and 45,X/46,XXqi/47,XXqiXqi karyotypes, and
      a cystic follicle was present in one patient 45,X/46,XXp--. Sexual cords were
      seen in 6 patients and medullary tubules in 9. Different amounts of hilar cells
      were found as well. The authors conclude that in Turner's syndrome there exists
      an ovarian dysgenesis which is probably caused by early involution before
      reaching the maturation, conditioned by the genetic incapacity of the oogonia to
      complete the meiotic prophase.

PMID- 670939
TI  - Prevalence of Klinefelter's syndrome (47,XXY) in a general male population.
AB  - In a representative sample of 3,840 males examined for military service
      chromosome examination was made in those with testes equal to or less than 12 ml
      and those with a stature equal to or greater than 181 cm, as well as in males not
      recruited because of physical or mental disability. Testes equal to or less than
      12 ml were found in 59 patients (1.45%). Three of these males had a 47,XXY
      karyotype (5.1%), the prevalence among the total sample of 3,840 being 0.78 per
      1,000. Hypogonadal signs, except for gynaecomastia, which was only present in one
      patient, were found in the saem proportion as in 47,XXY males ascertained in
      institutions and clinics. The results of EEG investigations were alos similar to
      those found in psychiatric institutions. The intelligence level was comparatively
      low; none had an IQ above 100. The personality traits corresponded to those found
      in institutionalized Klinefelter males.

PMID- 670940
TI  - Apparent non-penetrance for dystopia in Waardenburg syndrome type I, with some
      hints on the diagnosis of dystopia canthorum.
AB  - Two large pedigrees with Waardenburg syndrome type I (W--I), i.e. with dystopia
      canthorum and blepharophimosis, are described to show both the variable
      expressivity of dystopia canthorum, which may be confused with non-penetrance of
      this sign, and the possibility to firmly diagnosis it with the new biometric
      index W, which differentiates a dystopic from a non-dystopic or a non-apparent
      dystopic subject,  the latter within a defined biometric range. A general
      discussion of the relative value of blepharophimosis and dystopia canthorum as
      diagnostic features in W--I is presented, to conclude on the greater value of
      dystopia canthorum, which can be identified with confidence in more than 96% of
      carriers. Empirical probabilities are given for dystopia canthorum and
      blepharophimosis in the general populations, based on data from the world
      literature, useful for all ethnic groups.

PMID- 670941
TI  - ABO blood groups and fertility in an Indian population.
AB  - A total of 589 compatible mating couples could be investigated against 432
      incompatible mating couples in order to determine the selective mechanism
      operating on ABO blood groups. There appears to be no striking difference in the
      proportion of childless couples between the two groups. The mean number of living
      children presents a significant difference. There is 21% deficiency of 'A'
      children in the two groups. Similarly, there is 16% deficiency of 'B' children in
      the two groups. It appears that there is 31.9% fetal wastage in incompatible
      matings as compared with 17.15% in compatible matings.

PMID- 670942
TI  - [Do all cases of trisomy 18 with long survival (beyond 10 years) show mosaicism
      in fibroblasts? (author's transl)].
AB  - Description of a young girl aged 16 1/2 years who presents the typical features
      of trisomy 18 : small height, microdolichocephaly, anti-mongoloid palpebral
      fissures, micrognathia, microstomia, arched palate, malformed ears, atrophy of
      thenars and hypothenars, clinodactyly of fifth fingers and abortive cutaneous
      syndactyly between IV and V. At the lower limbs, there is a shortening of the
      right leg, an atrophy of the calves, as well as genua valga and bilateral pes
      excavatus with dorsiflexion of the toes. The gait is rigid with enlarged basis of
      sustentation. The results of the cardiac examination point to a minor ventricular
      septal defect. The development of secondary sexual characters (breasts and body
      hair) corresponds to the puberal age; the large pudendal lips are hypoplastic.
      The X-rays show a double left kidney. There is a very severe oligophrenia (I.Q. =
      20). Cytogenetic examinations showed a typical trisomy 18 in 100% of observed
      lymphocytes, while the analysis of cutaneous fibroblasts revealed a mosaicism
      with 87% of trisomic cells. Out of 11 cases of trisomy 18 with long survival from
      the literature only 3 cases were of mosaic type. The authors assume that this
      small number of mosaic cases in trisomy is probably due to the fact that no
      examination of fibroblasts has been carried out in the seven other cases.

PMID- 670943
TI  - [Partial trisomy 13 (13q14 leads to 13qter) in mosaic (author's transl)].
AB  - A case of partial trisomy 13 with mosaicism in a 6 1/2 year-old boy is reported.
      Concerning this case and according to previous data in the literature, the
      authors try to give a precise topology for trisomy 13; it is possible to outline
      phenotypes specific for a trisomy of both the proximal third and the distal two
      thirds of the chromosome, but it appears difficult to suggest a more precise
      picture for the topology of trisomy 13. This difficulty is related to the notion
      of phenotypic variability encountered in complete trisomy 13.

PMID- 670944
TI  - Familial transmission of a 3q;22p translocation, with partial trisomy of
      chromosome 3 in the propositus.
AB  - A family, carrying a balanced 3q;22p translocation, was detected through a
      propositus who showed multiple congenital malformations. As there are no previous
      references of similar cases where identification techniques were performed, the
      authors present this material for consideration in the delineation of clinical
      syndromes associated with specific chromosomal anomalies.

PMID- 670945
TI  - [Karyotype 46,XY,22p+ in a male patient (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors report the case of a 2-month-old infant with psychomotor retardation
      and several physical stigmata. Cytogenetic studies of the patient using the
      normal technique show in all the cells a karyotype 46,XY with a G group
      chromosome substituted by an F-like mediocentric element with satellites. The R,
      G and C-banding methods reveal that it is the 22 with too developed short arms
      (22p+). This element was found in the mother's and maternal grandfather's
      karyotypes although they both present normal phenotypes. The authors advance two
      hypotheses concerning the origin of the alteration but cannot exclude a possible
      connection between this particular chromosome and the proband's anomalies. The
      difficulties of genetic counselling in this case are evident.

PMID- 670946
TI  - [Trisomy of chromosome No. 10 in mosaic (author's transl)].
AB  - A case of trisomy of chromosome No. 10 in mosaic is described in a boy who died
      at the age of 6 months. The frequency of pathological cells is less than 30% (28%
      from lymphocytes, 20% from fibroblasts); it is possible, anyway, to rule out the
      hypothesis of a cellular cloning in vitro, since the trisomy 10 was observed in
      two different cultures, terminated after 48 and 72 hours. The parents' karyotype
      was normal, except for a litte number (6%) of cells with trisomy 10 from cultured
      lymphocytes of the mother. The morphological features of the present case are
      compared with those of the boy described by Higurashi et al. in 1969 (mosaic of
      trisomy 10, with a higher frequency of pathological cells).

PMID- 670947
TI  - Pathogenesis of a Venezuelan encephalitis virus strain lethal for adult white
      rats.

PMID- 670948
TI  - e-Antigen and age in acute and chronic type B hepatitis.

PMID- 670949
TI  - Evaluation of a simplified sucrose gradient method for the detection of rubella
      specific IgM in routine diagnostic practice.
AB  - Rubella-specific IgM was measured in a single fraction of serum from a sucrose
      density gradient. Haemagglutination inhibition (HAI) tests were performed on
      paired aliquots of the fraction untreated and after treatment with 2-
      mercaptoethanol, dilutions of the aliquots being incubated over night with
      rubella antigen before the addition of red cells. Of 822 sera tested, specific
      IgM was found in 249, but not in 492. When first tested, the remaining 81 sera
      gave unsatisfactory results because of contamination of the IgM fraction with IgG
      (6.0%), probable aggregation of IgG (3.5%), or the persistence of chick red cell
      agglutinins (0.4%). Tests were performed on 134 patients with rubella confirmed
      by a rise of HAI antibodies. Rubella-specific IgM was found at a titre of more
      than eight in the sera taken from 62 of 64 patients between 10 and 29 days after
      the onset of the rash but in only one of the sera taken between 80 and 119 days,
      and in none taken later. However, specific IgM was still to be found at lower
      titre in the sera of 13 patients collected between 80 and 162 days after the
      onset of the illness. In routine diagnostic tests over three years on the serum
      from 479 patients with suspected acquired rubella, specific IgM was found at a
      titre of more than eight in 51 patients and in only 10 instances (2.1%) did a
      lower level pose a problem in interpretation.

PMID- 670950
TI  - Prevalence of hepatitis B e antigen and its antibody as detected by
      radioimmunoassays.
AB  - A solid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) for the detection of hepatitis B e antigen
      (HBeAg) and antibody (anti-HBe) was developed. The RIA was approximately 1,000
      fold more sensitive than rheophoresis for HBeAg, and approximately 6,000-fold
      more sensitive than rheophoresis for anti-HBe. Generally, less than one-fifth of
      hepatitis B antigen (HBsAg)-positive sera from blood donors were positive for
      either HBeAg or anti-HBe by rheophoresis; in contrast, more than 90% of the
      samples were positive by the RIA method. The ratio of HBeAg to anti-HBe among
      HBsAg carriers varied in different geographic localities. Also, the presence of
      HBeAg correlated directly with the titer of HBsAg and the presence of Dane core
      particles. Anti-HBe was associated with lower titers of serum HBsAg.

PMID- 670951
TI  - Abstract reasoning in a specific group of perceptually impaired children: namely,
      the learning-disabled.
AB  - The present study was designed to investigate whether learning-disabled children
      differ from normal achievers in terms of logical thought and wheter they exhibit
      decalages intheir acquisition of Piagetian concepts. The Ss comprised 35 learning
      disabled boys attending full-time remedial schools and 35 matched normal
      achievers. The group mean was 9 years 1 month and the mean IQ was 109. S s were
      tested on a measure of visual perception and on 11 Piagetian tasks measuring
      conservation of quantitiy and number, seriation, and classification. Results
      indicated a significant difference between the groups in terms of perception but
      not in terms of logical thought. The rank order of the 11 Piagetain tasks was
      significantly correlated for the two groups (r = .89). It was concluded that the
      perceptual problems of the learning-disabled reside at a functional rather than
      at an organizational level, thus effecting only specific congnitive activities.

PMID- 670952
TI  - Reactions of infants and young children to a stranger in an unfamiliar setting.
AB  - Reactions of infants and young children to a stranger in an unfamiliar laboratory
      setting were examined to determine (a) variability in responses at six, 12, 24,
      and 36 months; (b) consistency of six and 12 month infants' responses to specific
      stranger behaviors; and (c) possible determinants of responses to strangers. The
      reactions of 136 male and female infants and children to a female stranger were
      recorded both when the stranger was actively trying to interact with the child
      and when the stranger sat quietly nearby after giving him a toy to play with.
      Both positive and negative reactions were observed at all ages, with one-year
      olds showing greater distress than other age groups. Consistency was found in
      infant reactions to intrusive stranger behaviors. It was suggested that stangers
      are more likely to elicit curious-affiliative than cautious-avoidance behaviors
      from chidren if they are both attentive and appropriately to the child on the
      basis of his communications.

PMID- 670953
TI  - Some developmental aspects of infants cry.
AB  - Respiratory activity during crying was measured in a semilongitudianl study of 10
      normal infants aged two days to eight months. Temporal aspects of respiration
      during crying showed marked change with age: athe duration of the expiratory
      phase steadily increased, while the duration of the inspiratory phase remained
      remarkable constant, producing an ever-lower I-fraction. A previous study
      reported no developmental changes in the temporal aspects of the acoustic cry
      signal from one to seven months of age. Reasons for the divergent findings of the
      present study arepresented, and it is suggested that respiratory behavior may be
      a better indicator of developmental changes in the crying act thanthe acoustic
      signal.

PMID- 670954
TI  - Continuous tracking of behavioral development in infants.
AB  - Infant development scales provide a one time measure of the number of scale items
      an infant performs and his standing relative to his age group. Repeated
      assessment indicates how many more items he can perform and whether his relative
      status has altered but does not measure actual changes in the same behaviors as
      development progresses. This paper discusses the importance of continuously
      measuring the same behavior over time as an alternative strategy. The
      developmental information is exemplified by the behavioral records of two infants
      observed over a 25-week period for changes in frequency and duration of three
      prone position motor responses.

PMID- 670955
TI  - Observations of postnatal developmental activity in infants with fetal
      malnutrition.

PMID- 670956
TI  - Effects of stress on attachment behavior in infants.

PMID- 670957
TI  - On some complexities in the application of conflict theory to psychotherapy.
AB  - The present paper discusses several complications which arise in applying Dollard
      and Miller's analysis of conflict to the study of psychotherapy. Discussed are
      problems associated with recent theorizing on the nonunitary nature of fear;
      considerations relevant to the question of why individuals exposed to partial
      cues for anxiety do not show extinction of the anxiety, generalization of
      extinction, and increased approach behavior; the role of interpersonal feedback
      in maintaining neurotic behavior; and the issue of changing golas as therapy
      proceeds.

PMID- 670959
TI  - Neuropsychological assessment of schizophrenia versus brain damage: a review.

PMID- 670958
TI  - Chronic neurotic encopresis as a paradigm of a multifactorial psychiatric
      disorder.
AB  - Chronic neurotic encopresis (CNE), a childhood psychiatric disorder characterized
      by inappropriate fecal soiling, necessitated the formation of the following
      specific etiological factors: a) a neurologically immature developmental
      musculature, an organic condition which may complicate toilet training; b)
      premature or harsh toilet training; c) a family constellation in which the father
      is frequently absent and the mother erratic, emotionally inappropriate, and
      distant; d) the child's formation of a noncommunicative, passive, dependent
      personality. All of these factors are helpful in explaining the occurrence of
      CNE, which is thus seen as the result of a synergistic interaction among them.
      The complexity of etiological agents dictates a multifactorial rather than
      unicausal model of mental illness. Future research and tactics of
      psychotherapeutic intervention should focus on the interplay among these factors
      rather than attempting to single out one primary predisposing factor.

PMID- 670960
TI  - Spironolactone prophylaxis in manic-depressive disease.
AB  - Lithium is now recognized as the drug of choice for the prophylactic control of
      manic-depressive disease, but its mechanism of action is the nonspecific
      inhibition of adenyl cyclase and subsequent cAMP formation which produces many
      undesirable side effects. However, the effect that lithium has on the central
      nervous system is compatible with all three theories regarding the basis of
      affective disorders, i.e., the biogenic amine theory, the electrolyte theory, and
      the membrane theory. Fluctuations of the hormone aldosterone during the various
      stages of manic-depressive disease could account for an etiological mechanism,
      that also is compatible with all three theories. Both spironolactone and lithium
      can inhibit the action of aldosterone. Therefore, when six manic-depressive
      patients, who had been well maintained on lithium, requested discontinuance of
      this drug because of side effects, spironolactone was substituted. On a minimum 1
      year follow-up study, five of the six patients were well maintained on this new
      drug regimen.

PMID- 670961
TI  - On conscious primal scene fantasies.
AB  - Pertinent literature concerning the pathogenicity of the primal scene is
      reviewed. Two psychoanalytic cases, both of whom had conscious primal scene
      fantasies prior to beginning psychoanalysis, are discussed. These fantasies did
      not represent significant ego or superego deficits. The authors suggest that
      conscious primal scene fantasies, in these patients, represented screen memories.
      Both patients were successfully analyzed.

PMID- 670962
TI  - Papilledema following therapeutic dosages of lithium carbonate.
AB  - A patient with diagnosis of manic-depressive illness, circular type, and
      receiving therapeutic dosages of lithium carbonate, developed papilledema that
      seemed to be directly related to the drug. Although this is an extremely rare
      complication, the authors suggest that fundal exams may be considered in patients
      treated with lithium.

PMID- 670963
TI  - Short-lasting memory in lower nervous centers in Octopus.
AB  - Octopuses with the supraesophageal lobes split and the subesophageal centers
      isolated by cutting the cerebrobrachial connective on one or both sides were
      trained by food and shock rewards to discriminate between rough and smooth balls.
      Because there is a greater tendency to take the rough ball, training was done
      with the smooth ball positive for half the animals, and the rough ball positive
      for the others. In the animals with the cerebrobrachial connective cut only on
      one side, the subesophageal lobes showed no capacity to use the information
      gained by their opposite, intact, half-brains, which learned well. In animals
      with isolated subesophageal lobes, there was a decrease during each training
      session in the tendency to take both types of ball; however, this decrease did
      not persist from day to day. During each training session there were signs of
      discrimination between the balls by animals with isolated subesophageal lobes,
      but these also did not survive from day to day. In a series of training sessions
      spread over seven weeks, there was no change in results in animals with isolated
      subesophageal lobes when the smooth ball was positive. When the rough was
      positive the discrimination in its favor was slightly increased at later
      sessions.

PMID- 670964
TI  - Sensory cells in Aplysia.

PMID- 670965
TI  - On the origin of vanillylmandelic acid and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylglycol in
      the rat brain.

PMID- 670966
TI  - Early postnatal starvation causes lasting brain hypomyelination.

PMID- 670967
TI  - Stimulation of nuclear RNA synthesis in denervated skeletal muscles.

PMID- 670968
TI  - Effects of N-methylaminoethanol, and N,N-dimethylaminoethanol in the diet of
      pregnant rats on neonatal rat brain cholinergic and phospholipid profile.

PMID- 670969
TI  - Vesicular storage and release of acetylcholine in Torpedo electroplaque synapses.

PMID- 670970
TI  - Glycine specific [3H]strychnine binding in the pigeon CNS.

PMID- 670971
TI  - Effects of 2-dimethylaminoethanol (Deanol) on the metabolism of choline in
      plasma.

PMID- 670972
TI  - Taurine uptake by rat brain synaptosomes.

PMID- 670973
TI  - Metabolism of gamma-hydroxy-[1-14C] butyrate by rat brain: relationship to the
      Krebs cycle and metabolic compartmentation of amino acids.

PMID- 670974
TI  - A model of high affinity glutamic acid transport by cortical synaptosomes from
      the Long-Evans rat.

PMID- 670975
TI  - In vitro formation of polyunsaturated fatty acids by desaturation in rat brain:
      some properties of the enzymes in developing brain and comparisons with liver.

PMID- 670976
TI  - Differentiation of neuroblastoma, glioma, and hybrid cells in culture as measured
      by the synthesis of specific protein species: evidence for neuroblast-glioblast
      reciprocal genetic regulation.

PMID- 670977
TI  - Acceleration of choline uptake after depolarization-induced acetylcholine release
      in rat cortical synaptosomes.

PMID- 670978
TI  - Hyperosmolality-induced GABA release from rat brain slices: studies of calcium
      dependency and sources of release.

PMID- 670979
TI  - Similarities of beta-bungarotoxin and phospholipase A2 and their mechanism of
      action.

PMID- 670980
TI  - Structure-activity studies on the inhibition of GABA binding to rat brain
      membranes by muscimol and related compounds.

PMID- 670981
TI  - Changes in fatty acid composition of human brain myelin lipids during maturation.

PMID- 670982
TI  - Alteration of tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolism in rat brain slices by
      halothane.

PMID- 670983
TI  - Characterization of multiple forms of brain tubulin subunits.

PMID- 670984
TI  - Microheterogeneity of brain cytoplasmic and synaptoplasmic actins.

PMID- 670985
TI  - Glutamine--a major substrate for nerve endings.

PMID- 670986
TI  - Associations of beta nerve growth factor with bovine serum albumin as well as
      with the alpha and gamma subunits of the 7S macromolecule.

PMID- 670987
TI  - Elevation of gamma-aminobutyrylcholine content in cat cerebral cortex by
      electrical stimulation of afferent nerves.

PMID- 670988
TI  - Inhibition of brain adenosine deaminase by 2'-deoxycoformycin and erythro-9-(2
      hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenine.

PMID- 670989
TI  - Measurement of protein turnover in rat brain.

PMID- 670990
TI  - Regional changes in cerebral GABA concentration and convulsions produced by D and
      by L-allylglycine.

PMID- 670991
TI  - Selective purification of a single population of glucocorticoid receptors from
      rat brain.

PMID- 670992
TI  - Electrophoretic analyses of proteins transported to the rat posterior pituitary.

PMID- 670993
TI  - Neuronal and neuropil fractions from developing rat brain.

PMID- 670994
TI  - A sensitive fluorometric method for the estimation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylene
      glycol sulphate in brain tissue.

PMID- 670995
TI  - Neutral amino acids in the brain: changes in response to food ingestion.

PMID- 670996
TI  - Product inhibition of rat brain histamine-N-methyltransferase.

PMID- 670997
TI  - Determination of ACh concentration in torpedo synaptosomes.

PMID- 670998
TI  - Serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase in schizophrenic patients.

PMID- 670999
TI  - beta-Carbolines: a tool for investigating structure-activity relationships of the
      high-affinity uptake of serotonin, noradrenaline, dopamine, GABA and choline into
      a synaptosome-rich fraction of various regions from rat brain.

PMID- 671000
TI  - Altered thyroid function and synaptosomal uptake of serotonin in developing rat
      brain.

PMID- 671001
TI  - Sedimentation characteristics of subcellular vesicles derived from three glial
      systems.

PMID- 671002
TI  - Effects of sodium thiopental on the tricarboxylic acid cycle metabolism in mouse
      brain: CO2 fixation and metabolic compartmentation.

PMID- 671003
TI  - Regional distribution of the synaptic membrane proteins: synaptin, D1, D2 and D3.

PMID- 671004
TI  - Nature of the antigen of human sensory nerve that induces granulomatous
      hypersensitivity.

PMID- 671005
TI  - Catecholamine synthesis in brain of ageing rat.

PMID- 671006
TI  - Entry of protein into cerebral ventricles during ventriculo-cisternal perfusion
      and the administration of anti-inflammatory agents.

PMID- 671007
TI  - Conditioned avoidance response and acetylcholine and choline levels in rat brain.

PMID- 671008
TI  - Kinetics of brain glutamate decarboxylase. Dead-end and product inhibition
      studies.

PMID- 671009
TI  - Localization of gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor binding in the mammalian
      cerebellum: high levels in granule layer and depletion in agranular cerebella of
      mutant mice.

PMID- 671010
TI  - Sialic acid release by Vibrio cholerae sialidase (neuraminidase) from the outer
      surface of neural cells is greatly raised by halothane.

PMID- 671011
TI  - Ganglioside composition of peripheral nerve undergoing Wallerian degeneration.

PMID- 671012
TI  - A comparison of some aspects of the physiology and metabolism of the nervous
      system of the locust Schistocerca gregaria in vitro with those in vivo.

PMID- 671013
TI  - Regional accumulation of tryptophan and serotonin metabolism following tryptophan
      loading in diabetic rats.

PMID- 671014
TI  - Ribosomal activity in prenatal mouse brain.

PMID- 671015
TI  - The spontaneous and electrically evoked release, from slices of guinea-pig
      cerebral cortex, of endogenous amino acids labelled via metabolism of D-[U
      14C]glucose.

PMID- 671016
TI  - Effects of tetrodotoxin, calcium and magnesium on the release of amino acids from
      slices of guinea-pig cerebral cortex.

PMID- 671017
TI  - Regional levels of GABA in the brain: rapid semiautomated assay and prevention of
      postmortem increase by 3-mercapto-propionic acid.

PMID- 671018
TI  - Capability of tubulin and microtubules to incorporate and to release tyrosine and
      phenylalanine and the effect of the incorporation of these amino acids on tubulin
      assembly.

PMID- 671019
TI  - Cerebral, cerebellar, and brain stem gangliosides in mice susceptible to
      audiogenic seizures.

PMID- 671020
TI  - Time-dependent partitioning of glucose carbons metabolized by the superior
      cervical ganglion from calves.

PMID- 671021
TI  - Phosphorylation of nuclear proteins from rabbit cerebrum, cerebellum and liver in
      vitro.

PMID- 671022
TI  - Demonstration of high affinity hexose uptake in cerebral cortex-slices.

PMID- 671023
TI  - The catechol estrogen, 2-hydroxyestradiol, inhibits catechol-O-methyltransferase
      activity in neuroblastoma cells.

PMID- 671024
TI  - Proteins of axonal transport: gel filtration in sodium dodecyl sulphate of
      components with different solubility characteristics.

PMID- 671025
TI  - Effect of cortisone and thyroxine on acid glycosidases in rat forebrain and
      cerebellum during early postnatal development.

PMID- 671026
TI  - RNA metabolism in the goldfish retina during optic nerve regeneration.

PMID- 671027
TI  - Galactocerebroside sulfotransferase: further characterization of the enzyme from
      rat brain.

PMID- 671028
TI  - In vivo inhibition of rat brain protein synthesis by d-amphetamine.

PMID- 671029
TI  - Lack of effect of gamma-butyrolactone on amphetamine-induced decrease in striatal
      synaptosomal dopamine synthesis.

PMID- 671030
TI  - Distribution of substance P in the pigeon brain.

PMID- 671031
TI  - Superoxide dismutase activity in developing rat brain.

PMID- 671032
TI  - Penetration of glyoxylate across the blood-brain barrier.

PMID- 671033
TI  - Glutamic acid decarboxylase in cultured mouse hippocampus and striatum.

PMID- 671034
TI  - Stoichiometry of GABA and CO2 formation in glutamate decarboxylase assays:
      alteration by an impurity L-U-[14C] glutamate.

PMID- 671035
TI  - Glycoproteins and albumin in peripheral nerve myelin.

PMID- 671036
TI  - Post-mortem stability of dopamine, glutamate decarboxylase and choline
      acetyltransferase in the mouse brain under conditions simulating the handling of
      human autopsy material.

PMID- 671037
TI  - Brain lipid composition of the shiverer mouse: (genetic defect in myelin
      development).

PMID- 671038
TI  - GABA-transaminases of human brain and peripheral tissues--kinetic and molecular
      properties.

PMID- 671039
TI  - Perinatal methadone exposure and brain development: a biochemical study.

PMID- 671040
TI  - Kinetics of adenosine uptake into astrocytes.

PMID- 671041
TI  - Uptake of [14C]aspartic acid and [14C]glutamic acid by retinal synaptosomal
      fractions.

PMID- 671042
TI  - Dopamine-containing vasomotor nerves in the dog kidney.

PMID- 671043
TI  - Glial versus neuronal origin of myelin proteins and glycoproteins studied by
      combined intraocular and intracranial labelling.

PMID- 671044
TI  - Membrane potential dependent binding of scorpion toxin to the action potential
      sodium ionophore. Studies with a 3-(4-hydroxy 3-[125I] iodophenyl) propionyl
      derivative.

PMID- 671045
TI  - Isolation and characterization of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase A, B and C from
      rat brain nuclei.

PMID- 671046
TI  - Leukocyte PPD-peroxidase activity with polyunsaturated fatty acid hydroperoxides:
      normal values in Batten's disease.

PMID- 671047
TI  - A new mathematical approach to the metabolism of [14C]glucose, with applications
      to sensory ganglia of chicken embryos.

PMID- 671048
TI  - Net uptake of L-glutamate and GABA by high affinity synaptosomal transport
      systems.

PMID- 671049
TI  - Synaptosomal phosphorylation of D-glucosamine.

PMID- 671050
TI  - Effects of kainic acid on ion distribution and ATP levels of striatal slices
      incubated in vitro.

PMID- 671051
TI  - Superoxide dismutase in juvenile neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis (Spielmeyer-Vogt
      Batten's disease).

PMID- 671052
TI  - Citrate as the precursor of the acetyl moiety of acetylcholine.

PMID- 671053
TI  - Cell surface proteins of cultured brain cells and their recognition by anti
      cerebellum (anti-NS-4) antiserum.

PMID- 671054
TI  - Studies on the transport of glutamine in vivo between the brain and blood in the
      resting state and during afferent electrical stimulation.

PMID- 671055
TI  - Increased GABA content in caudate nucleus of rats after chronic manganese
      chloride administration.

PMID- 671056
TI  - On the stimulation of the rate of hydroxylation of tryptophan in the brain of
      hamsters during hibernation.

PMID- 671057
TI  - Radioenzymatic paper-chromatographic assay for dopamine and norepinephrine in
      cerebroventricular cisternal perfusate of cat following administration of cocaine
      or d-amphetamine.

PMID- 671058
TI  - GABA: circadian fluctuations in rat hypothalamus.

PMID- 671059
TI  - Spasmodic torticollis: a combined clinical study.
AB  - The prognosis in 30 patients with spasmodic torticollis proved to be unexpectedly
      bad, only one patient making a full and sustained recovery. Investigation did not
      confirm previously reported reflex influences on the degree of spasm. Detailed
      otological investigation did not suggest that spasmodic torticollis originates in
      vestibular dysfunction. Psychological assessment of the patients showed no
      deviation from normal in premorbid personality but confirmed the severe adverse
      effects of the condition.

PMID- 671060
TI  - Visual evoked responses and visual symptoms in multiple sclerosis.
AB  - Absolute latency, interocular difference in latency, and waveform of visual
      evoked responses (VER) to checkerboard reversal stimuli recorded from the midline
      of the skull were studied in 104 multiple sclerosis patients, 25 to 50 years of
      age, classified according to visual symptomatology. Group 1 had strong evidence
      of past or present optic neuritis. Patients with blurring of vision, diplopia,
      and undefined visual complaints were assigned to group 2, while group 3 contained
      patients with no visual symptoms but suspected diagnosis of multiple sclerosis on
      other grounds. The three parameters explored showed consistent association with
      the degree of visual involvement, as assessed by clinical impression, but their
      discriminatory power was diverse. Absolute latency was significantly longer in
      group 1 patients compared with groups 2 and 3, but it did not discriminate
      between the last two, whereas interocular difference in latency proved to be
      sensitive to differences between symptomatic (diplopia, blurring) and
      asymptomatic groups (2 and 3). Waveshapes were grouped into three categories
      based upon degree of distortion of the major positive peak, and their relative
      distribution among the three patient groups was found to be associated with
      symptomatology. We suggest that, in the production of symptoms such as diplopia,
      a temporal disparity of afferent impulses might be involved in much the same way
      that spatial incongruities between both eyes lead to impaired function. In this
      regard, interocular difference in latency rather than absolute latency would be a
      more accurate predictor of symptom development. The analysis of VER waveshape
      suggests, in addition, the importance of inhomogeneous involvement of the visual
      pathways in the production of symptoms during the evolution of multiple
      sclerosis.

PMID- 671061
TI  - Visual evoked responses in multiple sclerosis: comparison of two methods for
      pattern reversal.
AB  - Visual evoked responses have been elicited by reversal of a black and white
      checkerboard pattern and also by a display of light-emitting diodes (LED)
      generating a reversal of a pattern of illuminated red circular areas. In a
      control group the LED display produced responses of lower amplitude and shorter
      latency compared to responses to checkerboard stimulation. In patients with a
      definite or probable diagnosis of multiple sclerosis the stimulators were equally
      effective in evoking pathological responses; in patients with a possible but less
      certain diagnosis abnormal responses were found in a higher percentage when the
      LED stimulus was used. Differences in stimulus field size and in stimulus colour
      are discussed as possible reasons for this result.

PMID- 671062
TI  - Diagnosis of infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy by conjunctival biopsy.
AB  - Conjunctival biopsy and ultrastructural examination of conjunctival nerves,
      showing the presence of spheroids within axons, led to the confirmation of the
      diagnosis of infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy in two children with progressive
      mental deterioration. Conjunctival biopsy, which is simple to perform, even in
      young children, and does not require general anaesthesia or admission to
      hospital, is presented as a reliable and very convenient technique for the
      diagnosis of infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy.

PMID- 671063
TI  - Chronic brainstem encephalitis with mental symptoms and ataxia: report of three
      cases with necropsy.
AB  - Three necropsied cases of chronic, sporadic brainstem encephalitis of unknown
      aetiology are presented. Since their outstanding symptoms were dementia and
      ataxia of a progressive nature, a noninflammatory disease of the central nervous
      system was suspected. Neuropathological studies showed chronic inflammatory
      changes mainly in the brainstem without the presence of inclusion bodies or viral
      particles. Compared to cases previously reported as brainstem encephalitis, the
      clinical and pathological findings observed in these cases have rather peculiar
      characteristics.

PMID- 671064
TI  - Does transient blocking of axonal conduction occur in uraemic neuropathy?
AB  - In uraemic and other patients with neuropathies, motor unit spike intervals were
      analysed using a special computer program to detect prolonged intervals of twice
      the normal duration, so-called "double intervals." These may have different
      causes--trigger failure, double discharge, or a transient fall in the firing rate
      of coactive motor units. There was not sufficient evidence that transient
      conduction blockings will occur in the main axon in uraemic neuropathies.

PMID- 671065
TI  - Effect of continuous vibration on nociceptive flexor reflexes.
AB  - The effects of continuous segmental vibration on the biceps femoris (BF)
      nociceptive flexor reflexes elicited by painful electrical stimulation of the
      sural nerve at the ankle were investigated in 25 normal subjects. During
      vibration of 100 Hz frequency, applied either on ipsilateral or contralateral
      foot skin, the nociceptive BF flexor reflexes increased in amplitude. Marked
      facilitation was prolonged even 20 minutes after vibration ceased. Pain sensation
      described by subjects did not change significantly except that radiation of pain
      was reduced in some cases. The results could not be explained by current views of
      reflex sensitisation, dishabituation, or the gate control theory.

PMID- 671066
TI  - Study of anosognosia.
AB  - Anosognosia (denial of weakness) and "anosognosic phenomena" (other abnormal
      attitudes to a weak limb) were studied in 100 acute hemiplegics. Both conditions
      were associated with lesions of either hemisphere. Apathy, visual field defect,
      and impaired picture identification were particularly prominent in anosognosia. A
      failure to integrate information from one side of the body was regarded as
      fundamental to the condition; explanations in terms of "unilateral neglect" and
      "agnosia" are discussed.

PMID- 671067
TI  - Dissociated disorders of speaking and writing in aphasia.
AB  - Of 500 left brain-damaged patients with educational level above elementary school
      investigated with a standard quantitative battery for dissociation between oral
      and written expression, speech was found to be selectively impaired in seven
      (three with "pure anarthria," two with anarthria in the context of Broca's
      aphasia, and two with fluent aphasia with remarkable sparing of writing), and
      writing in another seven (two with "pure" agraphia, two with "agraphia with mild
      alexia," and three with "agraphia with mild fluent aphasia.") The nature of three
      conditions (pure anarthria, fluent aphasia with sparing of writing, and pure
      agraphia) is discussed, with evidence of a selective association between pure
      agraphia and lesions of the upper left parietal lobule.

PMID- 671068
TI  - Linguistic correlates of pantomime recognition in aphasic patients.
AB  - Aphasic patients were given tests assessing pantomime recognition, reading
      comprehension, aural comprehension, and naming ability to determine whether
      defective pantomime recognition could be the result of a disturbance of symbolic
      thinking also affecting linguistic functioning. Defects in pantomime recognition
      always occurred in conjunction with reading defects of at least comparable
      severity, but reading defects sometimes occurred without comparable defects in
      pantomime recognition. The relationship of pantomime recognition with both aural
      comprehension and naming ability was significantly weaker than that between
      pantomime recognition and reading comprehension. The implications of the findings
      with regard to other nonverbal aphasic symptoms and the role of sensory modality
      factors are discussed.

PMID- 671069
TI  - Category-specific naming preservation: a single case study.
AB  - The report of this single case study describes the preservation of a simple
      semantic category in a severely anomic patient. The implications for the
      organisation of semantic knowledge are discussed.

PMID- 671070
TI  - Selective impairment of topographical memory: a single case study.
AB  - We describe a patient who developed topographical memory loss after a closed head
      injury. His symptoms and the psychological test results indicate a selective
      deficit of topographical memory, his perceptual and spatial skills being
      relatively unimpaired.

PMID- 671071
TI  - Pituitary adenomas in childhood and adolescence.
AB  - This report describes a group of 25 children and adolescents with biopsy-proven
      pituitary adenomas. They were found in 33% of patients encountered in our recent
      study of 74 parasellar tumor detected in patients under 20 years old. Earlier
      detection accounts for this apparent increase in frequency. This interpretation
      is supported by the rarity of signs of intracranial hypertension at presentation,
      as well as decreased incidence and severity of visual failure. More than 70% of
      patients have evidence of pituitary hypersecretion at presentation. Increased
      awareness of these endocrinological signs as well as improved hormonal assays
      facilitate both diagnosis and management. Hypopituitarism is rare; the important
      exception is suppression of gonadotrophic function that is known to occur early
      in the natural history of intrasellar pituitary adenomas. The low incidence of
      suprasellar and extrasellar extension is documented by both radiographic and
      operative findings. Transsphenoidal resection was employed in 92% of patients,
      with an estimated total resection in 73% of cases. Follow-up studies show a high
      quality of survival; no patient has severe neurological deficit and less than
      half of them require replacement therapy. The recurrence rate is 8%. Our findings
      do not support a previous report that pituitary adenomas in this age group are
      frequently extrasellar and invasive.

PMID- 671072
TI  - Long-term prognosis in children with benign cerebellar astrocytoma.
AB  - In 44 children with benign cerebellar astrocytoma, operated on between 1935 and
      1959, two histological types could be distinguished, namely, a so-called juvenile
      type (31 children) and a diffuse type (13 children). All the children were
      followed to April, 1976, and the histological review was performed without
      knowledge of the survival in the single patient. For children with the juvenile
      type of cerebellar astrocytoma the 25-year cumulative survival rate was 94%, as
      against 38% for children with the diffuse type. It has thus been demonstrated
      that the morphological difference between the two types corresponds to a marked
      difference in survival rate.

PMID- 671073
TI  - Civilian gunshot wounds of the brain.
AB  - The authors report on 42 fatal gunshot wounds to the brain in civilians. The
      firearms used were those commonly available to civilians, ranging from a .22
      revolver to a .45 semiautomatic pistol. Missle tracks were measured and the
      volume computed. The relatively low-velocity missles produced by these weapons to
      not create the devastation that characterizes wounds from high-velocity military
      firearms. Instead, there is much variation in the size of the missle tracks, and
      they cannot be directly related to caliber. Pressure marks and contusions,
      impaction of bone chips, internal richochet, and cerebral edema occurred
      frequently. The missle passed through the brain completely in very case but was
      retained by the skull or soft tissues in a large percentage of cases. The
      mechanism of death may be acute pressure on the brain stem from the passage of
      the missle through the brain.

PMID- 671074
TI  - Experience with multiloculated brain abscesses.
AB  - The author reports his experience with 10 consecutive multiloculated brain
      abscesses diagnosed by computerized tomography and successfully treated by
      excision (primary or early secondary) or repeated aspiration.

PMID- 671075
TI  - Microsurgical anatomy of the distal anterior cerebral artery.
AB  - The microsurgical anatomy of the distal anterior cerebral artery (ACA) has been
      defined in 50 cerebral hemispheres. The distal ACA, the portion beginning at the
      anterior communicating artery (ACoA), was divided into four segments (A2 through
      A5) according to Fischer. The distal ACA gave origin to central and cerebral
      branches. The central branches passed to the optic chiasm, suprachiasmatic area,
      and anterior forebrain below the corpus callosum. The cerebral branches were
      divided into cortical, subcortical, and callosal branches. The most frequent site
      of origin of the cortical branches was as follows: orbitofrontal and frontopolar
      arteries, A2; the anterior and middle internal frontal and callosomarginal
      arteries, A3; the paracentral artery, A4; and the superior and inferior parietal
      arteries, A5. The posterior internal frontal artery arose with approximately
      equal frequency from A3 and A4 and callosomarginal artery. All the cortical
      branches arose more frequently from the pericallosal than the callosomarginal
      artery. Of the major cortical branches, the internal frontal and paracentral
      arteries arose most frequently from the callosomarginal artery. The distal ACA of
      one hemisphere sent branches to the contralateral hemisphere in 64% of brains.
      The anterior portions of the hemisphere between the 5-cm and 15-cm points on the
      circumferential line showed the most promise of revealing a recipient artery of
      sufficient size for an extracranial-intracranial artery anastomosis. The distal
      ACA was the principal artery supplying the corpus callosum. The recurrent artery,
      which arose from the A2 segment in 78% of hemispheres, sent branches into the
      subcortical area around the anterior limb of the internal capsule.

PMID- 671076
TI  - Cerebral vasospasm and ultrastructural changes in cerebral arterial wall. An
      experimental study.

PMID- 671077
TI  - Radiographic diagnosis of meningioma of the lateral ventricle. Review of 22
      cases.
AB  - Review of 22 cases of meningioma indicates that this lesion occurs slightly more
      frequently on the left but without predilection for sex or age of the patient.
      The presenting symptoms were nonspecific. Plain radiographs of the skull
      sometimes demonstrated calcification in the tumor, but more often did not.
      Cerebral angiography frequently showed enlargement and displacement of the
      anterior choroidal artery on the side of the tumor; the lateral posterior
      choroidal artery on the side of the tumor was also enlarged and displaced in
      seven of nine patients who underwent vertebral arteriography.
      Pneumoencephalography accurately demonstrated the site and size of the lesion, as
      did radionuclide scanning if the lesion was vascular. Computerized tomographic
      (TC) scanning also determined the location and size of the tumors, as well as
      their mass effect and vascularity; CT scanning also demonstrated calcification
      that was not visible on the plain skull radiographs in two of six patients who
      underwent CT scanning and had calcification.

PMID- 671078
TI  - Long-term intracranial pressure recording in the management of pseudotumor
      cerebri.
AB  - Long-term monitoring of intracranial pressure (ICP) was used as an aid for the
      management of four patients with pseudotumor cerebri. After the implantation of a
      small experimental pressure sensor in the skull, most of the subsequent (ICP
      measurements were made noninvasively by an external interrogator. During the
      initial study of the patient, baseline ICP recordings were made in the hospital
      before treatment. Pressure recordings on a 24-hour basis were continued during
      treatment, which, depending on the case, was with Diamox (acetazolamide),
      steroids, or the coperitoneal shunting. After discharge these patients returned
      weekly over 10 to 22 months for ICP measurement and for ophthalmological
      examination. Intracranial pressure before treatment showed irregular variations
      ranging from 100 to 500 mm H2O over a 24-hour period. The efficacy of treatments
      could be assessed in a few hours by the degree of ICP stabilization. Shunt
      malfunction was detected by a slow but continuous rise in pressure before full
      clinical signs were evident.

PMID- 671079
TI  - Assessment of the effects of cinglulate gyrus lesions by neuropsychological
      techniques.
AB  - Nineteen psychiatric patients undergoing bilateral cryogenic cingulate cortex
      lesions were extensively evaluated pre- and postoperatively with objective
      measures of intelligence, higher cortical functions, memory, and emotional
      status. Following surgery the patients as a group revealed no significant
      deterioration of functions; rather, they demonstrated improvement that could be
      interpreted as the result of decline in anxiety. Investigations of individual
      revealed that the overall test performance was improved in 13 and substantially
      unchanged in three, whereas three demonstrated some decline in performance. These
      results were discussed in terms of the characteristics of the changes across the
      various tests.

PMID- 671080
TI  - Treatment of fusiform aneurysms of the peripheral cerebral arteries. Report of
      two cases.
AB  - Two patients with fusiform aneurysms and at least one previous subarachnoid
      hemorrhage were treated by excision of the aneurysms and reconstruction of the
      arteries. The first case presented with two fusiform aneurysms, the larger of
      which involved the angular and the smaller one the temporal branch of the left
      middle cerebral artery (MCA). Both aneurysms were totally excised. The angular
      artery was reconstructed with a 1.5 cm long arterial graft taken from the left
      superficial temporal artery. Excision of the temporal aneurysm was followed by an
      end-to-end suture of the central and distal parts of the vessel. The second case
      had a fusiform aneurysms involving the temporal branch of the left MCA. The
      aneurysm was excised and an arterial graft 1 cm long cut from the superficial
      temporal artery was used in reconstruction of the affected vessel. In each case
      left carotid angiography was done 1 week postoperatively. In the first case the
      angiogram showed that the angular artery reconstructed with a graft was patent,
      whereas the temporal artery reconstructed without a graft was not visualized. In
      the second patient, whose temporal artery was reconstructed with a graft,
      angiography did not show the reconstructed artery. Left carotid angiography was
      repeated 1 year after the operation in both cases, and all the reconstructed
      vessels were well visualized.

PMID- 671081
TI  - Giant thrombosed aneurysm associated with an arteriovenous malformation. Case
      report.
AB  - The authors describe a case of giant anterior cerebral artery aneurysm associated
      with an anatomically related arteriovenous malformation (AVM). The aneurysm was
      almost completely thrombosed and was resected along with the AVM.

PMID- 671082
TI  - Symptomatic pituitary tumor enlargement after induced pregnancy. Case report.
AB  - A case is presented and 11 others are reviewed in which symptomatic pituitary
      tumor enlargement occurred during pregnancies that resulted from induced
      ovulation. The syndrome is usually characterized by headache and visual
      disturbances with bitemporal visual field abnormalities, but may present with
      ocular muscle palsies. The cases are divided into two groups. The patients in one
      group had a shorter duration of amenorrhea (3.8 years), developed symptoms before
      the 14th week of pregnancy, and were usually treated by tumor removal. Patients
      in the second group had a longer period of amenorrhea (10.2 years), developed
      symptoms after the 24th week of pregnancy, and their symptoms regressed with
      delivery of the infant. Tumor removal or termination of the pregnancy both
      resulted in resolution of symptoms. All pregnancies resulted in normal infants.
      This series provides guidelines for management of future cases.

PMID- 671083
TI  - Postoperative epidural hematoma as a complication of anterior cervical
      discectomy. Report of three cases.
AB  - In three cases, anterior cervical discectomy was complicated by acute
      postoperative paraplegia secondary to epidural hematomas at the operative sites.
      Prompt evacuation of the hematomas was followed by recovery in each instance. The
      source of bleeding was an arterial arcade that may be encountered during the
      course of removing the posterior longitudinal ligament. As a result of this
      experience, the authors suggest steps to be taken to avoid this uncommon
      complication.

PMID- 671084
TI  - Teratomatous cyst of the spinal canal. Case report.
AB  - A search of the English literature revealed 46 cases of primary intraspinal
      teratomas, of which 22 were teratomatous cysts of spinal cord. To clarify the
      confusion regarding this rare lesion, the definition, origin, presentation, and
      histological features of the lesion are discussed. An additional case is
      presented.

PMID- 671085
TI  - Metastatic melanoma simulating subdural hematoma. Case report.
AB  - Metastatic melanoma tends to be found in subcortical white matter and this
      localization may produce clinical or radiological features that are unusual in
      metastatic disease. A case is described that closely simulated a subdural
      hematoma both clinically and radiologically.

PMID- 671086
TI  - Diffuse cerebrospinal gliomatosis. Case report.
AB  - A case of diffuse cerebrospinal gliomatosis is presented, with widespread
      involvement of the brain, cranial nerves, and spinal cord. This showed a far more
      extensive distribution of tumor cells than previously reported cases of
      gliomatosis cerebri. The clinical picture and oncogenesis of gliomatosis cerebri
      is briefly discussed.

PMID- 671087
TI  - Angiographic changes to induced hypertension in cerebral vasospasm. Case report.
AB  - A case of cerebral vasospasm complicating intracranial aneurysm surgery is
      presented. Angiographic findings under hypertension and normotension revealed a
      paradoxical response of involved vessels suggesting that normal autoregulation is
      either lost or overcome by spasm.

PMID- 671088
TI  - Surgery of the carpal tunnel. Technical note.
AB  - The authors describe a modified technique for surgery of the carpal tunnel. The
      primary cause of the carpal tunnel syndrome is the same as other entrapment
      neuropathies: an enlarged nerve within a tight tunnel. Electrical studies have
      shown that the area of compression is in the middle of the tunnel. Treatment is
      surgical: a palmar incision, which begins at the wrist medial to the palmaris
      longus, to avoid damage to the sensory branch of the median nerve; and selection
      of the retinaculum from the exit of the tunnel toward the entrance.

PMID- 671089
TI  - Cerebral angiography of the rat. Technical note.
AB  - An open technique of right retrograde brachial arteriography of the rat is
      described. With the aid of magnification radiography, this method permits high
      quality examinations of the extracranial and intracranial circulations. The
      muscular branches of the brachial artery are preserved at the initial study to
      allow repeat examination. A four-vessel study is also attainable by injection of
      contrast material immediately after death of the animal.

PMID- 671090
TI  - Facial anastomosis.

PMID- 671091
TI  - The effects of aminoethyl phosphonic acid on hepatic microsomal drug metabolism
      and ultrastructure of normal and cholesterol fed rats.
AB  - The effects of parenteral administration of aminoethyl phosphonic acid (AEP) on
      the liver microsomal drug metabolism and ultrastructure were studied in normal
      and 1% cholesterol-fed albino rats. AEP administration to rats fed a stock-diet
      resulted in decreased demethylation of aminopyrine with a concomitant fall in
      cytochrome P-450 level. Aniline hydroxylation remained unaltered. AEP injection
      to cholesterol-fed rats, caused marked reduction in both aminopyrine
      demethylation and aniline hydroxylation, with a significant increase in
      cytochrome P-450 level. AEP injection to both control and cholesterol-fed animals
      produced a modest increase in Bilirubin UDP-glucuronyl transferase. RNA:DNA ratio
      showed remarkable elevation in rats fed the cholesterol diet with AEP injection.
      AEP injection caused an atypical smooth endoplasmic reticulum and a marked loss
      of nuclear euchromatin. Effect of AEP was more pronounced in rats receiving the
      cholesterol-diet. AEP administration thus induces structural and drug metabolic
      enzyme alteration in liver.

PMID- 671092
TI  - Effects of vitamin B-6 deficiency on the developing central nervous system of the
      rat. Gross measurements and cytoarchitectural alterations.
AB  - The effects of different levels of dietary pyridoxine (1.0, 1.2, 1.4, and 20.0
      mg/kg diet) fed to dams from weaning through lactation on gross measurements and
      cytoarchitectural alterations of brains of progeny were investigated. Progeny of
      the 1.0 and 1.2 groups died between 15 and 21 days of age due to the severe
      vitamin deficit. Differences were observed in brain and body weights and brain:
      body weight ratios. Vitamin B-6 concentrations in brain ranged from 498 to 713
      ng/g in the three lower groups and were markedly lower than for the 20.0 group
      (2,256 ng/g). Protein concentrations were not different. Changes in
      cytoarchitecture, as seen by light microscopy, included reduced area in the
      neocortex and, to a greater extent, in the cerebellum of the deficient groups.
      Molecular and granular layers, but not medullary layer, of the cerebellum were
      significantly reduced. Significantly greater granular layer/molecular layer area
      ratios (GMR) in the 1.2 and 1.4 groups indicated that the molecular layer was
      more affected in these groups while both layers were affected in the 1.0 group.
      Purkinje cells were dispersed from the usual monocellular layer in the 1.0 and
      1.2 groups. The results indicated that central nervous system development in the
      progeny is altered parallel to the maternal vitamin B-6 intake levels.

PMID- 671093
TI  - Effects of vitamin B-6 deficiency on the developing central nervous system of the
      rat. Myelination.
AB  - The effects of different levels of dietary pyridoxine (1.0, 1.2, 1.4, and 20.0
      mg/kg diet) fed to dams during growth, gestation and lactation on myelination in
      progeny were investigated. Degree of myelination at 15 days, postnatally, was
      determined from closely matched micrographs of the four dietary treatment groups.
      Electron micrographs showed markedly less myelination in the 1.0 group as
      compared with the 1.4 and 20.0 groups with the 1.2 group appearing intermediate
      in the number of myelinated axons. Some myelinated axons of the 1.0 group
      exhibited an "unusual" appearance of whorls of lamina separated by cytoplasmic
      space occupied by widely separated lamina. The results indicate that brain
      development, particularly myelination, was affected by a deficiency of vitamin B
      6 prior to and including the period of rapid myelination.

PMID- 671094
TI  - Changes in organ growth with feeding pattern. The influence of feeding frequency
      on the circadian rhythm of protein synthesis in the rat.
AB  - The effect of eating one large meal rather than several small meals per day on
      protein metabolism and the growth of individual organs was investigated in young
      male rats. Meal-eating did not affect the rate of protein catabolism in liver,
      kidney, small intestine, or spleen in vivo compared with continously fed control
      animals that consumed the same total amount of food. A circadian rhythm of
      protein synthesis was found in liver and kidney slices taken from normal rats
      killed at various times; starvation reduced the magnitude of protein synthesis
      but did not alter its cyclical nature. Consumption of the daily food all in one
      meal distorted the circadian rhythm, particularly when it was taken in the
      morning, and a morning meal increased the total 24 hour synthesis of protein in
      liver whereas an evening meal did not. Meal-feeding in the morning increased the
      weights of the liver, small intestine and tibia compared with continuously fed
      rats, but meal-feeding in the evening did not.

PMID- 671095
TI  - Effect of a low protein diet on in vitro protein synthesis in thymus, spleen, and
      bone marrow in young adult rats.
AB  - Young adult rats (body weight 90 g) were given a low protein (3% casein) diet for
      6 days. Under these conditions, thymus and spleen organ wet weights and DNA
      content decreased as compared with control rats given a high protein (20% casein)
      diet. The in vitro incorporation of amino acids into protein was followed using
      leucine as the radioactive precursor. Ribosomes of tissues from the dietary rats
      were incubated together with soluble enzymes from liver of rats fed a stock diet,
      and cofactors. Ribosomal capacity for leucine incorporation into protein
      diminished in thymus by 33% per mg ribosomal RNA, 77% per total ribosomal RNA,
      and 43% per mg DNA. In spleen the corresponding reductions were 29%, 81%, and
      31%; in bone marrow the decrease was 29% per mg ribosomal RNA, 56% per total
      ribosomal RNA, and 19% per mg DNA. A reduction in physiological activity is thus
      evident in these tissues soon after protein restriction.

PMID- 671096
TI  - Orotic aciduria in the female rat and its relation to dietary arginine.

PMID- 671097
TI  - Analysis of fecal bile acids and diet among the Japanese in Hawaii.
AB  - Fecal samples of 165 Japanese men in Hawaii, age 43 to 74, were analyzed for bile
      acid content by their conversion to the methyl ester and the trimethylsilyl ether
      derivative followed by separation on a gas chromatograph. The arithmetic mean of
      total bile acids for the 165 specimens was 10.96 mg/g dry weight feces. Each of
      the following bile acids was detectable in over 77% of the fecal specimens:
      cholic, deoxycholic, lithocholic, and cholanic acid. The intake of Western foods
      was not positively correlated with the fecal content of secondary or modified
      bile acids, even though other workers have observed that these bile acids
      predominated in persons from Westernized countries. Two of the Japanese foods
      were negatively correlated with the levels of modified bile acids, which
      suggested that these foods contributed to a decrease in modified bile acids in
      fecal specimens. Fecal bile acid measurements appeared to be associated with age,
      but not with weight, height, or serum cholesterol levels.

PMID- 671098
TI  - Effects of dietary energy restriction and rehabilitation on growth and tissue
      composition in growing rats.

PMID- 671099
TI  - The influence of zinc-deprivation on the mast cell population of the bone marrow
      and other tissues.
AB  - Five groups consisting of 72 young male Sprague-Dawley rats were submitted to
      dietary Zn deprivation (1 ppm versus 50 ppm for controls) for periods of 1 to 6
      weeks with ad libitum or pair feeding. After 1 week of Zn deficiency, growth was
      almost arrested, the oesophageal epithelium became hyperplastic. After 3 weeks,
      the mast cell population of the bone marrow increased rapidly in ad libitum fed
      and also in pair-fed rats. Between 3 and 5 weeks, the thickness of the proximal
      epiphyseal plate of the tibia decreased by 33%. Contrary to Mg-deficient rats, Zn
      deprived rats maintained their skin and thyroid mast cell populations after 5
      weeks. The mast cell population of the metaphysis of the tibia increased from 1
      to 5 weeks in both Zn-deficient and Zn-supplemented rats. In the Zn-deprived rats
      however, the mast cell population became increasingly higher than in the Zn
      supplemented, from 1 to 5 weeks. In the pair-fed group, the mast cell population
      of the marrow was also significantly higher after 3 weeks. The special response
      of the bone marrow cells to Zn-depletion points to this tissue as a renewal site.
      Zinc may also be a maturation factor for mast cells.

PMID- 671100
TI  - Phosphate absorption and excretion in the young turkey, as influenced by calcium
      intake.
AB  - Phosphorus absorption in the young turkey, measured with the aid of yttrium-91 as
      a reference substance, was linear with phosphorus intake. This observation
      suggested the lack of adaptation of the phosphorus transport mechanism to changes
      in the phosphorus needs. Phosphorus retention and bone ash initially increased
      with increased intake to plateau at a dietary phosphorus concentration of about
      0.8%. The excess phosphorus absorbed from diets higher in phosphate, was
      eliminated in the urine. Plasma inorganic phosphate was linear with absorbed
      phosphate. The apparent phosphorus absorption from the basal vegetable diet was
      45% of the intake and that of the inorganic supplement, sodium phosphate and
      calcium monophosphate, was about 100%, at low calcium intakes. Increasing the
      calcium intake above 440 mg/day progressively depressed the absorption of
      phosphate. This inhibitory action of calcium on phosphate absorption was resolved
      into a linear coefficient.

PMID- 671101
TI  - Effect of low lysine diet on rat liver nuclear metabolism.
AB  - Prolonged dietary lysine deficiency induced by feeding male weanling rats a diet
      low in lysine for 6 weeks resulted in substantial impairment of growth as
      compared with control rats and in alterations in the morphology of the nucleus of
      hepatocytes. Electronmicrographs of liver nuclei from lysine deficient rats
      showed an increased incidence of binucleated cells, reduction in numbers of
      nucleoli, changes in the position and size of nucleoli within the nucleus and
      altered patterns of chromatin aggregation in lysine deficient rats. Mass ratios
      of nonhistone proteins to DNA in liver chromatin from lysine deficient rats were
      higher than those of controls and electrophoretic patterns of chromatin
      nonhistone proteins were altered. In particular, one high molecular weight
      fraction of these proteins showing the same mobility as myosin was substantially
      enriched. The histone: DNA ratio and histone electrophoretic patterns, however,
      appeared to be unchanged. Incorporation of [3H] thymidine into DNA was increased,
      but the nuclear content of DNA was unchanged in lysine deficient animals.

PMID- 671102
TI  - Developmental changes and dietary histidine manipulation: effect on rat olfactory
      bulb and leg muscle components.

PMID- 671103
TI  - Lipogenesis in the brain of thiamine-deficient rat pups.
AB  - (1) The effect of thiamine deficiency during pregnancy and lactation on
      lipogenesis in the brain of rat pups was determined. (2) Acetate incorporation to
      brain lipids in thiamine-deficient rats in vivo was no less than in pair fed
      control rats, apart from slightly reduced fatty acid synthesis in the cerebrum.
      (3) Glucose incorporation to brain lipids in vivo was considerably reduced in
      thiamine-deficient pups. (4) The inducible NADP dependent malic enzyme activity
      was increased in thiamine-deficient pup brains. (5) The synthesis of acetyl-CoA
      appears to be the rate limiting step in lipogenesis in thiamine-deficient pup
      brains.

PMID- 671104
TI  - Effects of thiamine tetrahydrofurfuryldisulfide (TTFD) on the refractory period
      and maximum driving frequency of isolated rat heart muscle.

PMID- 671105
TI  - Electrocyclization reaction of higher conjugated polyenals: photochemical
      behaviors of retinal (vitamin A1 aldehyde) homologues.
AB  - During the studies on a photoreaction of retinal, involving various kinds of (Z)
      (E) isomerization, a heretofore unknown photoproduct of retinal was isolated in a
      pure state and was characterized unambiguously. Thus, direct irradiation of all
      (E)-retinal (I) and of all-(E)-beta-ionylidenecrotonaldehyde (II) in acetonitrile
      solution gave the corresponding 6e-electrocyclized photoproducts, (III) and (IV),
      both via the possible 7-(Z)-isomer intermediates of the parent conjugated
      polyenals. Unlike the lower members in the retinal series, it was also confirmed
      that sigmatropic rearrangement or photo-Diels-Alder reaction hardly proceeds in
      these higher members of the series mentioned above.

PMID- 671106
TI  - Effect of dietary fats and fatty acid on liver lipid accumulation in rats fed low
      protein diets.

PMID- 671107
TI  - Effect of nitrogen source on nutritional management after small bowel resection
      in rats.

PMID- 671108
TI  - A cause of hypercholesterolemia in alloxan diabetic rat.
AB  - In studies on the cause of hypercholesterolemia in alloxan diabetic rats, the
      pool size and basal daily synthesis of conjugated bile salts were measured by the
      washout method and neutral sterols in the luminal contents were determined using
      cholestyramine. The results showed that in diabetic rats: 1) the biliary
      excretions of cholesterol and bile salts were significantly increased; 2) the
      pool size of conjugated bile salts was increased and its rate of synthesis was
      higher than in controls; 3) the amount of neutral sterols in the luminal contents
      doubled when cholesterol absorption was inhibited by administration of
      cholestyramine; 4) the amount of neutral sterols excreted in the feces was the
      same as in controls. Thus, it was concluded that hypercholesterolemia may be
      partly caused by an increased rate of intestinal absorption of cholesterol,
      derived mainly from sloughed off epithelial cells and bile, and due to
      facilitated micellar formation by the increased amount of bile salts in the
      intestine.

PMID- 671109
TI  - Effect of nicotinic acid on catecholamine synthesis in rat brain.
AB  - Effect of nicotinic acid on the formation of catecholamine has been studied.
      Norepinephrine and dopamine concentrations in brain were 30 per cent higher and
      brain catecholamine formation was 50 per cent higher in the nicotinic acid
      supplemented rats than the nicotinic acid-deficient rats. However, these
      catecholamine levels of the nicotinic acid-deficient rats were recovered by the
      administration of nicotinic acid. The concentration of brain tyrosine was
      unaltered after administration of nicotinic acid to the nicotinic acid-deficient
      rats. Therefore, the changes catecholamine formation by the nicotinic acid
      supplementation were not due to the difference of tyrosine concentration in the
      brain which is the precursor for catecholamine biosynthesis. As the difference of
      catecholamine concentration between the nicotinic acid deficient and the
      nicotinic acid supplemented group was smaller than that of catecholamine
      formation of these groups, the turnover of catecholamine was supposed to be
      decreased in nicotinic acid deficiency.

PMID- 671110
TI  - Mode of binding of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate in rat liver ornithine
      aminotransferase.
AB  - 1. Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate were effective for the
      association of apo-form II of ornithine aminotransferase [EC 2.6.1.13]; whereas
      other B6 derivatives, such as pyridoxal, pyridoxamine, pyridoxine and pyridoxine
      5'-phosphate, had no effect on form II of this apoenzyme. 2. The pyridoxal 5'
      phosphate contents of the native enzyme, and reconstituted forms I and II were
      determined by two different methods to be 1.5 moles, 2.5 moles and 3.3 moles of
      pyridoxal 5'-phosphate/mole of enzyme, respectively.

PMID- 671111
TI  - The effect of homocysteine, methionine, serine and glycine on DNA synthesis by
      human normoblastic and megaloblastic bone marrow cells.
AB  - Both glycine and methionine, when added to a suspension of human bone marrow
      cells, impaired the utilization of deoxyuridine for DNA synthesis, using either
      the uptake of 3H-deoxyuridine or the subsequent uptake of 3H-thymidine as an
      index. Homocysteine reduced the uptake of both 3H-deoxyuridine and 3H-thymidine,
      indicating interference with DNA synthesis after the stage of thymidylate
      synthesis. Another explanation that the decreased uptake of both substances by
      homocysteine was due to cell damage caused in vitro was suggested by the trypan
      blue viability test. Serine generally did not produce significant effects. No
      difference could be detected between the results in normoblastic and
      megaloblastic marrow.

PMID- 671112
TI  - Inter-industry noise report.

PMID- 671113
TI  - Silicosis among tombstone makers in Malaysia.

PMID- 671114
TI  - Zinc protoporphyrin and blood lead levels.

PMID- 671115
TI  - Analysis of physical fitness and coronary heart disease risk of Dallas area
      police officers.
AB  - Two hundred thirteen male police officers between 21 and 52 years of age
      volunteered to participate in a physical evaluation and conditioning program.
      Information concerning the physical fitness status and risk of coronary heart
      disease (CHD) of police officers were shown. Younger police officers (less than
      30 years of age) were average in physical fitness levels and CHD risk compared to
      the population of the same age. Middle-aged police officers were shown to be
      lower in physical fitness levels and higher in CHD risk compared to their
      cohorts. The results from this investigation support the need for physical
      fitness and preventive medicine programs for police officers.

PMID- 671116
TI  - Three incidents of industrial mass psychogenic illness: a preliminary report.

PMID- 671117
TI  - Preemployment strength testing: an updated position.

PMID- 671118
TI  - Mortality of female workers in rubber manufacturing plant.
AB  - The ten-year mortality experience of a cohort of white female production workers
      in a large rubber manufacturing plant is presented. An analysis of the observed
      and expected numbers of death from numerous causes revealed a slightly elevated
      overall standarized mortality ratio with an excess of deaths from both lung
      cancer and myocardial infarction, and a deficit of deaths from breast cancer.
      About two-thirds of all women in this cohort had worked, for the longest period
      of employment, in the manufacture of industrial products, while the remainder
      were engaged mostly in the manufacture of tires. Some preliminary associations
      between type of job and mortality experience are discussed, but a more detailed
      analytic investigation is required before nonoccupational risk factors can be
      ruled out.

PMID- 671119
TI  - Occupational pharmacology.
AB  - Occupational pharmacology is defined as a subdiscipline important to occupational
      safety and health, in which specialized information is gathered and evaluated.
      Occupational pharmacologist study and evaluate drugs used to combat or prevent
      occupational diseases. They also perform studies on occupational chemical-drug
      interactions. Specialized training programs are needed to produce qualified
      individuals for expected future needs.

PMID- 671120
TI  - What's going on here?

PMID- 671121
TI  - Stress in fire fighters.

PMID- 671122
TI  - Medical confidentiality in the work environment.

PMID- 671123
TI  - Mesothelioma in the United States. Incidence in the 1970's.
AB  - Mesothelioma is a rare neoplasm, the occurrence of which has been clearly related
      to asbestos exposure. Data recently collected by population based cancer
      registries in Washington, Hawaii, New Mexico, Connecticut, Michigan, Utah,
      Louisiana and Iowa were obtained for the determination of mesothelioma incidence
      rates. These registries represent a total population of over 16 million persons.
      Crude incidence rates were found to range from 3.0 to 7.1 per million per year.
      Age specific incidence rates showed a steady increase from the third through the
      eighth decade, with a more rapid increase for males than females. Sex specific
      incidence rates, age adjusted to the 1970 U.S. population, were found to range
      from 4.4 to 11.1 per million per year for males and from 1.2 to 3.8 per million
      per year for females. The highest rates for both males and females were found in
      the New Orleans area of Louisiana and the Puget Sound area of Washington state,
      both with significant shipbuilding activity.

PMID- 671124
TI  - Geographic patterns of industry in the United States. An aid to the study of
      occupational disease.
AB  - The geographic location of 18 major manufacturing industries within the United
      States is illustrated by a series of computer-generated county maps. The metal
      and machinery industries, the two largest employers, an the transportation and
      rubber industries are concentrated in the northeastern quadrant of the United
      States, while most counties with textile, apparel, tobacco, and furniture
      manufacturing are in the South. Other industries had different patterns. The
      counties where industry was concentrated tended to be more urban and to have
      higher levels of income and education. The maps and associated demographic data
      on industrial counties may prove a useful adjunct to county maps illustrating
      mortality patterns for cancer and other diseases. Despite obvious limitations,
      the visual patterns and correlation analyses may help to generate and formulate
      hypothese concerning occupationally induced diease.

PMID- 671125
TI  - A study of three preventive approaches to low back injury.
AB  - The prevention of low back injuries in industry has traditionally been attempted
      by (1) careful selection of workers, (2) good training in safe lifting, and (3)
      designing the job to fit the worker (ergonomics). One hundred ninety-one low back
      injuries were analyzed to determine the effectiveness of each preventive
      approach. The results indicate that the common selection techniques, as they are
      being used today, are not an effective control for low back injuries. Similarly,
      training on safe lifting procedures, as it is being administered today, is not an
      effective control for low back injuries. It was determined that a worker is three
      times more susceptible to low back injury if exposed to excessive manual handling
      tasks. The ergonomic redesign of these tasks to reduce the manual handling
      exposure represents a partial control for low back injuries.

PMID- 671126
TI  - Urinary cytologic examinations of laboratory workers. Useful medical surveillance
      tool or clinician's nightmare?
AB  - An apparent excess of abnormal urine cytological findings in crime laboratory
      workers exposed to potentially carcinogenic aromatic amines was investigated by a
      cross-sectional epidemiologic study comparing these workers with an unexposed
      control group. The prevalence of atypical findings in the laboratory workers
      exceeded that in the control group; however, the results were not statistically
      significant. A number of serious problems were identified including a high
      prevalence of inflammatory changes (25% to 26%) and a moderately high percentage
      of atypical changes (2.5% to 5.4%) in the control population, failure to detect
      (on urological workup) evidence of neoplastic disease of the urinary tract in any
      of the laboratory workers whose urine examinations were cytologically interpreted
      as either atypical or neoplastic cells, and difficulty in determining proper
      referral criteria for urological workup.

PMID- 671127
TI  - Seroepidemiological evidence for occupational exposure to Q fever in Indonesia.

PMID- 671128
TI  - Toxicology: assessing the hazard.
AB  - Some of the fundamentals of toxicology that are used by the toxicologist in
      assessing the toxic properties of compounds have been discussed. It is easy to
      see that a large amount of keen professional judgment must enter into the
      toxicologist's decisions. It is not a job that can be done by an amateur, even
      though some well meaning lay and political associates may believe they are
      capable of doing so. The toxicologist's job is not finished when he has
      determined the toxicological properties of a compound. He then has to assess the
      hazard of the compound, an infinitely more complex and complicated task. In the
      end, as stated by Dr. Mrak, "There are no harmless substances, there are only
      harmless ways of using substances" (quoted in Reference 1, p. 11).

PMID- 671129
TI  - Spatial summation effects on two-component grating thresholds.
AB  - Some experimental studies of subthreshold summation between sinusoidal grating
      components have been interpreted as showing very narrow channel bandwidths in
      human visions. This paper discusses an alternative interpretation of these
      experiments based on consideration of probability-summation effects among
      spatially distributed detectors. We conclude that frequency-selective channels
      must still be hypothesized in order to fit the data, but the channel bandwidth
      may be much wider than earlier interpretations suggest.

PMID- 671130
TI  - Brightness exponent for the periphery in the Bloch region.
AB  - Using a method of direct magnitude estimation, perceived brightness was measured
      in the dark-adapted eye with brief flashes of varying duration in the Bloch
      region (1-100 ms) and retinal lock (0 degrees-40 degrees) for the photopic
      luminance levels covering the range between 140 and 0.14 cd/m2 in steps of 1 log
      unit. Perceived brightness increased as a function of flash luminous energy
      (product of luminance and duration) up to critical duration of approximately 100
      ms. The brightness power exponent for brief flash was found to be 0.48 +/- 0.01
      in the fovea, whereas about 0.44 +/- 0.01 in the periphery.

PMID- 671131
TI  - A visual system model and a new distortion measure in the context of image
      processing.
AB  - Underlying many techniques of image restortation, quantization, and enhancement
      is the mathematically convenient, but visually unsuitable distortion measure of
      squared difference in intensity. Squared-intensity differences has an indirect
      phenomenological correspondence in a model of the visual system. We have
      undertaken, therefore, an experiment that derives a new distortion measure from
      an acceptable visual system model and compares it in a fair test against squared
      difference in intensity in an image restoration task. We start with an eye-brain
      system model inferred from the works of current vision researchers, which
      consists of a bank of paralles spatial frequency channels and image detectors.
      From this model we derive a new distortion criterion that is related to changes
      in the per-channel detection probability and phase angle. The optimal linear
      (Wiener) filters for each distortion measure operate in turn on the same noisy
      incoherent images. The results show that the filter for the new distortion
      measures yields a superior restoration. It is more visually agrreable, more
      sharply detailed, and truer in contrast compared to the squared-difference
      filter, and impressive in its own right. Its mathematical properties suggest that
      significantly increased efficeincy in the storage or communication of images my
      be gained by its use.

PMID- 671132
TI  - Refractoriness in the maintained discharge of the cat's retinal ganglion cell.

PMID- 671133
TI  - Subjective Lorentz transformations and the perception of motion.
AB  - It has been known for some 40 years that the perceived velocity of a moving
      object does not correspond to its physical velocity. It is also known that the
      perceived length and temporal duration of a moving objects is affected by its
      physical velocity. In this paper it is argued that such phenomenal distortions
      can be embedded in a model for motion perception that involves the concepts of
      moving frames, Lorentz transformations, perceived length contractions, and time
      dilations. Experimental results support this model and indicate that c, the
      maximum perceivable velocity of movement, plays a crucial role in determining
      motion effects.

PMID- 671134
TI  - Complementary afterimages and the unequal adapting effects of steady and
      flickering light.
AB  - Prolonged exposure to flickering chromatic light of moderate intensity produce a
      much weaker complementary afterimage than that produced by exposure to stead
      light of the same average intesity. This difference in adapting effectiveness was
      investigated by determining theretinal illuminance of the study adapting field
      required to produce an afterimage equal to that produced by the flickering
      adapting field. In a variety of conditions, the greater effectiveness of the
      steady adapting field was confirmed; in several instances a steady field having
      an average retinal illuminance of only 0.05 times that of the flickering field
      gave rise to an equally saturated afterimage. The results are taken as evidence
      that complementary afterimages produced by extended moderate intensity exposure
      are primarily a consequence of neural adaption.

PMID- 671135
TI  - Steroscopic acuity for moving retinal images.
AB  - Stereoscopic acuity in the human fovea remains unimpaired with retinal image
      motions of up to 2 deg/s. These findings apply to lateral motion of the test
      target alone, and to simultaneous lateral motion of both test and comparison
      targets. For good steroscopic acuity, depth motion can be tolerated only so long
      as the configuration does not move outside the disparity zone for optimal
      stereoscopic acuity, within 2-3 arc min of either side of the fixation plane. The
      presence during a short exposure of some stimulus components lying outside this
      zone leads to an overall reduction of stereoscopic acuity, either by dilution
      through summation, or by active inhibition of the best achievable depth
      resolution.

PMID- 671136
TI  - Convexity theorem for subthreshold stimuli in linear models of visual contrast
      detection.
AB  - Under the general assumption that visual contrast detection occurs by a parallel
      array of linear detectors, either without probability summation or with
      probability summation of a commonly assumed type, it is shown that the set of
      functions representing subthreshold stimuli must be convex. Thus, for example, a
      planar plot of the threshold locus using multiples of any two functions as axes,
      must be convex (cannot bulge inward). If experimental evidence to the contrary
      were discovered, it would rule out detection by parallel linear detectors of the
      above type. One possible kind of such evidence would be an inward cusp of the
      threshold locus corresponding to one of a special class of stimuli to which the
      visual system might be specifically sensitive.

PMID- 671137
TI  - Accommodation and color.
AB  - Previous studies of the effects of color on the accommodation response are
      reviewed. The monocular, steady-state response to targets under various colors of
      illumination is investigated. It is shown that trained observers change their
      level of accommodation, when viewing a target at a constant distance, to
      compensate for the varying ocular longitudinal chromatic aberration as the color
      of the target is changed. Untrained subjects, however, may initially show
      inconsistent responses. Results in white and greeen are closely comparable.
      Dynamic aspects of these effects are illustrated and it is shown that the ocular
      longitudinal chromatic aberration increases slightly with accommodation. The
      results are related to current ideas on the accommodative system.

PMID- 671138
TI  - Laser Doppler measurements of blood velocity in human retinal vessels.
AB  - We have measured Doppler shift frequency spectra (DSFS) of laser light scattered
      from red blood cells (RBC's) flowing through individual human retinal vessels.
      Each spectrum exhibits a cutoff frequency which is directly related to the
      maximum RBC velocity at the measurement site. Meaningful DSFS can be measured in
      times as short as 0.1 s. DSFS obtained from suspensions of polystyrene spheres
      and RBC's flowing through glass capillary tubes are used to illustrate the basic
      principles of the technique and to aid in the interpretation of the in vivo
      measurements. Our measurements show that maximum RBC velocities in retinal
      arteries vary markedly during each cardiac cycle.

PMID- 671139
TI  - Salicylate-induced hepatotoxicity: a review.

PMID- 671140
TI  - Hypercalcemia corrected by orchiectomy in a patient with carcinoma of the
      prostate.

PMID- 671141
TI  - [Laryngeal rhabdomyosarcoma: a case report (author's transl)].

PMID- 671142
TI  - [Effect of nasal packing on the respiration (author's transl)].

PMID- 671143
TI  - [Studies of hypersensitivity with mold in allergic diseases of respiratory tract
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 671145
TI  - [Diagnostic significance of speech and auditory function tests in patients with
      cerebral apoplexy (author's transl)].

PMID- 671144
TI  - [A hereditary study on papillary hypertrophy of the tonsils (author's transl)].

PMID- 671146
TI  - [Auditory brain stem response and middle latency response in hearing test. (I)
      Investigations in normal adult subjects (author's transl)].

PMID- 671147
TI  - [Antral balloon technic for treatment of the malar bone and blowout fractures
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 671148
TI  - [Diagnosis of focal tonsillar infection].

PMID- 671149
TI  - The chronic glomerulonephritides of childhood. Part II (2).

PMID- 671150
TI  - Need for iron supplementation in infants on prolonged breast feeding.
AB  - Iron status, as measured by blood counts and indices, serum iron, transferrin
      saturation, and serum ferritin values, was studied longitudinally in 56 infants
      on prolonged breast feeding, and compared to that of 29 infants receiving cow
      milk formula prepared at home and of 47 infants receiving a proprietary infant
      formula. The first two groups received no iron supplementation, whereas the
      proprietary formula was supplemented with iron. Although breast feeding was found
      to be sufficient to meet iron needs during the first 6 months of life,
      supplemental iron would be necessary during the second half of infancy in order
      to guarantee the optimal iron status.

PMID- 671151
TI  - Leprosy: A report of two cases in children.

PMID- 671152
TI  - Ductal remnants in extrahepatic biliary atresia: A histopathologic study with
      clinical correlation.
AB  - Atretic ducts were studied in 34 infants undergoing the portoenterostomy
      procedure for biliary atresia. The specimens were grouped into three categories
      on the basis of the size of the lumen at the proximal margin: Type I with a lumen
      150 mu or greater, Type II with single to multiple ductal structures measuring
      less than 150 mu, and Type III with no identifiable epithelium-lined structures
      in fibrous connective tissue. A significant correlation existed between
      postoperative bile drainage and the duct type; bile drainage occurred in all five
      patients with Type I ducts, 18 of 21 patients with Type II ducts, and one of
      eight patients with Type III ducts. Furthermore, the duct type was the only
      feature that correlated with the ultimate outcome. Ductal inflammation and
      hepatic histology did not correlate with postoperative bile drainage or clinical
      course.

PMID- 671153
TI  - Human neonatal and maternal monocyte-macrophage and lymphocyte-mediated antibody
      dependent cytotoxicity to cells infected with herpes simplex.
AB  - We recently have described destruction of cells infected with herpes simplex
      virus by the combination of specific antibody and either lymphocytes or monocyte
      macrophages. Because of the role of these cells in viral immunity and the
      severity of HSV in neonates and pregnant women, cord blood from 11 healthy
      neonates and peripheral blood from seven of their postpartum mothers were
      analyzed for MP and lymphocyte antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against
      cells infected with HSV. Cord blood yielded more lymphocytes and maternal blood
      fewer lymphocytes than did blood from adult female control subjects. Baseline
      cytotoxicity of cord MP and lymphocytes and maternal lymphocytes was
      significantly lower than control values. There was no significant difference in
      MP or lymphocyte ADCC, although maternal ADCC tended to be lower than that of
      control subjects. Analysis of cord plasma indicated that antibody able to
      participate in lymphocyte and MP ADCC crosses the placenta. These data
      demonstrate intact ADCC but possible defects in baseline cytotoxicity with
      leukocytes obtained from neonates and pregnant women. Further consideration of
      the use of HSV antibody for prevention and therapy of neonatal HSV infection is
      suggested.

PMID- 671154
TI  - Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis and pustulosis palmoplantaris.
AB  - Based on nine patients 4 to 26 years of age, we describe the clinical
      characteristics of chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis. This disorder was
      characterized by an insidious onset of fever, local swelling and pain in affected
      bones, and radiologic findings suggesting osteomyelitis. The lesions were mainly
      localized to the clavicles and the metaphyses of tubular bones. The clinical
      course was characterized by intermittent periods of exacerbation and improvement
      over several years. Six of the patients had recurrent pustulosis palmaris and
      plantaris, which closely parallelled the exacerbations of the bone lesions.
      Biopsies from the bone lesions showed nonspecific inflammatory changes with
      granulocytic infiltration. Repeated bacterial and fungal cultivations from blood,
      bone biopsies, and pustules were negative. Immunologic investigation revealed no
      abnormality common to the patients. There was no indications of a genetic
      etiology. The pathogenesis of the disorder is unknown. Antibiotic treatment had
      no obvious effect but corticosteroid therapy appeared to be of benefit in some
      patients. The long-term prognosis appears to be relatively good.

PMID- 671155
TI  - Spontaneously acquired factor IX inhibitor in a nonhemophiliac child.
AB  - A 2 1/2-year-old, previously healthy child developed progressive swelling of the
      left leg and a hematoma of the anterior chest wall associated with a falling
      hemoglobin concentration, as a result of a spontaneously acquired Factor IX
      inhibitor. Successful management of her condition required a four-volume exchange
      transfusion and immunosuppressive therapy consisting of cyclophosphamide for four
      days and prednisone for one month. A brief review of the literature regarding the
      occurrence and nature of acquired coagulation factor inhibitors and the role of
      immunosuppressive therapy is also presented.

PMID- 671156
TI  - Thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia, sensorineural deafness, and diabetes
      mellitus: A new syndrome?
AB  - A 6-year-old girl is described who has congenital megaloblastic anemia which
      completely responded only to pharmacologic doses of thiamine. Relapse was
      observed twice when the drug was discontinued. The reintroduction of thiamine
      caused a prompt reticulocytosis and a rise in hemoglobin concentration. Other
      abnormalities included latent diabetes mellitus, sensorineural deafness, and
      "situs inversus totalis." Her parents are first cousins, both with partial
      deafness. Her father has an abnormal oral glucose tolerance test. A single
      similar case has been reported; the combination of almost the same anomalies
      seems to represent a newly recognized syndrome. This case reinforces the proposal
      that thiamine has a role in hematopoesis.

PMID- 671157
TI  - Confirmation of the Cohen syndrome.
AB  - In 1973 Cohen et al reported a new syndrome in two siblings and an unrelated
      individual, consisting of obesity, mental retardation, hypotonia, limb
      abnormalities, and a characteristic craniofacial appearance. Since then no
      similar cases have appeared in the literature. This report firmly establishes the
      Cohen syndrome as a distinct clinical entity by presenting four additional
      patients, including a sibling pair of normal parents, suggesting autosomal
      recessive inheritance. One of our four patients has normal intelligence,
      indicating that mental deficiency is a variable feature of the syndrome.

PMID- 671158
TI  - Mesocestoides (Cestoda) infection in children in the United States.

PMID- 671159
TI  - Infection of an infant with an adult Toxocara cati (Nematoda).

PMID- 671160
TI  - Polymicrobial bacteremia associated with pharyngotonsillitis.

PMID- 671161
TI  - Quadriplegia and cortical blindness in Hemophilus influenzae meningitis.

PMID- 671162
TI  - Catch-up brain growth-demonstration by CAT scan.

PMID- 671163
TI  - A proposed autosomal dominant method of inheritance of the Wolff-Parkinson-White
      syndrome and supraventricular tachycardia.

PMID- 671164
TI  - Diagnosis of pulmonary arteriovenous fistula by contrast echocardiography.

PMID- 671165
TI  - Iodide-induced hypothyroidism without a goiter in an infant with cystic fibrosis.

PMID- 671166
TI  - Association of primary hypothyroidism and slipped capital femoral epiphysis.

PMID- 671167
TI  - Severe congenital hypoprothrombinemia.

PMID- 671168
TI  - Autosomal dominant transmission of a syndrome of anal, ear, renal, and radial
      congenital malformations.

PMID- 671169
TI  - Noninvasive estimation of arterial oxygenation in newborn infants.
AB  - Two noninvasive methods of estimating arterial oxygenation were compared in a
      group of 48 infants ranging in birth weight from 870 to 4,000 gm, with diagnoses
      including apnea of prematurity, hyaline membrane disease, meconium aspiration,
      and congenital heart disease. Both transcutaneous oxygen measurements and ear
      oximetry gave reasonably accurate estimations of arterial oxygen levels within
      commonly used clinical ranges (PO2 50 to 70 mm Hg, arterial saturation 90 to
      98%). Infants with shock demonstrated a wide range of values for transcutaneous
      oxygen levels, suggesting that this method has limited usefulness in this
      situation. Ear oximetry had limited ability to distinguish high, but safe, levels
      of arterial oxygen from excessively elevated levels. While neither method can be
      recommended for replacement of arterial oxygen sampling, both methods may be
      useful in a clinical setting if care is exercised in interpretation of the
      results and if the values obtained are checked against those from arterial blood.

PMID- 671170
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis in twin pregnancy.

PMID- 671171
TI  - Effects of maternal lithium therapy in a newborn infant.

PMID- 671172
TI  - Plasma levels, half-life values, and correlation with physiologic assays for
      growth and immunity.
AB  - Plasma prednisolone levels have been measured hourly in children receiving a
      single dose of oral prednisone. Peak prednisolone levels occurred one to two
      hours after ingestion; half-life studies gave a mean value of 132 minutes in most
      children. Some children had marked variability in absorption and metabolism of
      prednisone. Somatomedin activity and cell-mediated immunity were inhibited by
      plasma prednisolone values which were achieved by single doses of prednisone of
      0.5 mg/kg or higher. Monitoring prednisolone levels may be of value in
      identifying those children who accumulate excessively high levels on moderate
      dosage regimens.

PMID- 671173
TI  - Possible toxicity of levamisole in children with rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 671174
TI  - Hypersensitivity to Vistaril in a child with asthma.

PMID- 671175
TI  - Thorn-induced arthritis.

PMID- 671176
TI  - Acute leukemia complicating Hodgkin disease.

PMID- 671177
TI  - Ruptured ovarian cyst in a newborn infant.

PMID- 671178
TI  - Meralgia paraesthetica in a child.

PMID- 671179
TI  - Congenital virilizing adrenal hyperplasia, segmental hypertrophy, macrodactyly,
      and cystic lymphangioma.

PMID- 671180
TI  - Significance of asymptomatic bacteriuria.

PMID- 671181
TI  - Nasal resistance as a possible factor in neonatal mortality.

PMID- 671182
TI  - On the diagnosis of hypothyroidism in the early neonatal period.

PMID- 671183
TI  - Importance of early mother-infant interactions.

PMID- 671184
TI  - Dosage accuracy of chewable theophylline.

PMID- 671185
TI  - Voiding cystourethrography in infants and children: a new technique.
AB  - A technique for voiding cystourethrography utilizing a small caliber (3.5 Fr.)
      catheter that is left in place during the entire examination is described and
      illustrated. Urethral pathology is not obscured. The contrast is infused under
      pressure applied with a blood administration set. Visualization of voiding can be
      achieved in all cases.

PMID- 671186
TI  - Evaluation of ischemic bowel viability with a fluorescent technique.
AB  - Clinical estimations of bowel viability after ischemic insult are unreliable.
      Accurate criteria are essential to avoid unnecessary resection. This study
      describes a safe technique using fluorescein that predicts bowel viability with
      increased accuracy.

PMID- 671187
TI  - Congenital diaphragmatic hernia: the hidden mortality.
AB  - From 1969 to 1975, 33 cases of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) were treated
      at the National Hospital of Norway with a "visible" or operative mortality of
      30%. At least 37 additional infants with CDH who died soon after birth and did
      not come to the attention of a major referral center were identified
      retrospectively from a comprehensive survey of neonatal deaths. CDH occurred at
      least once in every 5455 live births and the "true" mortality was 66%. More than
      half of the infants born with CDH during this 6-yr period died before they could
      be treated, contributing to a substantial "hidden" mortality.

PMID- 671188
TI  - Open thoracotomy and pleural abrasion in the treatment of spontaneous
      pneumothorax in cystic fibrosis.
AB  - The various treatments of spontaneous pneumothorax in cystic fibrosis are
      examined over a 15-yr period. Open thoracotomy with pleural abrasion is compared
      to observation, tube thoracostomy, and tube thoracostomy with instillation of
      quinacrine. Open thoracotomy with pleural abrasion has been performed 31 times in
      20 patients. Discussion centers around selection of patients, preoperative
      preparation, operative technique, and postoperative care and follow-up, including
      analysis of pulmonary function studies. In our experience, open thoracotomy with
      pleural abrasion is a safe and effective method that should be utilized in the
      management of pneumothorax in patients with cystic fibrosis.

PMID- 671189
TI  - A new nonoperative treatment of large omphaloceles with a polymer membrane.
AB  - The management of a huge omphalocele that cannot be primarily closed presents
      many difficulties. When surgery is technically impossible, the application of a
      Silon pouch carries a serious risk of infection and painting the sac with
      tinctures has its own peculiar problems. A newborn baby with a large unruptured
      omphalocele was successfully treated by covering the sac with a skin-like polymer
      membrane that is flexible, elastic, and impervious to bacteria and water. The
      covering did not adhere to the underlying tissues and did not interfere with
      gastrointestinal function. Infection was not a problem. This material was wrapped
      around the trunk and covered with a dry sterile dressing. The entire dressing was
      removed after 3 wk, revealing a small residual area of granulations that
      subsequently healed at home. This baby was not operated upon. We have also used
      this technique in a second newborn in whom the sac had ruptured. The rent was
      repaired and the membrane applied. This method does not eliminate later closure
      of the large ventral hernia, but ccertainly eliminates the necessity for surgery
      in the newborn period.

PMID- 671190
TI  - Plication of the diaphragm for symptomatic phrenic nerve paralysis.
AB  - Paralysis of the diaphragm in infants may produce severe respiratory difficulty
      because of the paradoxic motion of the affected diaphragm and shift of a mobile
      mediastinum to the contralateral side. Six infants with diaphragmatic paralysis
      and severe respiratory distress underwent plication of the diaphragm by a simple
      technique. Five of the six infants had significant improvement in respiratory
      effort and were ultimately weaned from ventilatory support. One patient with
      bilateral paralysis had only minimal improvement. Diaphragmatic function returned
      in two patients after plication. Plication of the diaphragm is a safe and useful
      procedure to improve ventilation in infants with a paralyzed diaphragm. Since
      this technique does not prevent return of diaphragmatic function, it should be
      employed prior to the development of sequelae of prolonged assisted ventilation
      and sooner if the phrenic nerve is permanently injured.

PMID- 671191
TI  - Subclavian flap aortoplasty for treatment of coarctation in early infancy.
AB  - In a 2-yr period 12 infants less than 2 mo of age underwent surgery for critical
      coarctation of the aorta. All had severe congestive failure with unsatisfactory
      response to medical therapy. In all patients the coarctation was located in the
      preductal or preligamentous region. Eleven patients had an associated ventricular
      septal defect (VSD). Early (1-mo) survival in the patients with VSD was 82%. Two
      early deaths occurred; there have been five late deaths on follow-up of up to 30
      mo. In all patients who expired, the cause of death was unrelated to the
      coarctation repair. Recurrent coarctation has occurred in one patient. Early
      aggressive surgical intervention is indicated in the management of coarctation of
      the aorta both with and without VSD.

PMID- 671192
TI  - Esophageal atresia with double tracheoesophageal fistula.
AB  - Ninety cases of esophageal atresia (EA) with double tracheoesophageal fistula
      (TEF) from the literature and 4 new cases are examined. The incidence may be more
      common than is generally recognized with incidences up to 5.3% reported. The pre
      , intra-, and postoperative diagnosis may be difficult, and half have been missed
      initially with almost half of these being first recognized at autopsy. During
      repair of EA and TEF the proximal esophagus should be mobilized looking for a
      proximal fistula. Many proximal TEF are missed at the initial operation and
      discovered in the postoperative period. The symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of
      the unrecognized proximal TEF are similar to that for isolated TEF. Results
      should be good since this problem occurs in large babies with fewer and less
      complex associated conditions.

PMID- 671193
TI  - The role of the nutritional team in the management of the child with cancer.

PMID- 671194
TI  - True hermaphroditism: a clinical description and a proposed function for the long
      arm of the Y chromosome.
AB  - True hermaphroditism is a very rare form of ambiguous genitalia characterized by
      the presence of both ovarian and testicular tissue in the same individual. Sixty
      percent of these patients have a 46,XX karyotype; however, most have H-Y antigen
      detectable. Since H-Y antigen is thought to be the gene product of the short arm
      of the Y, then the short arm must be present somewhere in the karyotype. Products
      of the short arm loci are thought to initiate testicular differentiation and male
      determination. The long arm of the Y has not been detected in true
      hermaphrodites. Testicular histology in true hermaphrodites is characterized by
      spermatogenic arrest, causing us to speculate that the long arm of the Y might be
      essential for germ cell maturation beyond the spermatogonia state.

PMID- 671195
TI  - Management of large skin defects in newborn children with myelodysplasia: a new
      method.
AB  - A method successfully used in closing a large skin defect in each of three
      children with myelodysplasia is described in detail. Full thickness skin closure
      was achieved in 7--10 days without skin grafts or rotation flaps.

PMID- 671196
TI  - Prepyloric gastric antral web: a puzzling epidemic.
AB  - Antral webs and diaphragms are considered a rare cause of gastric outlet
      obstruction in infants and children. A radiographic diagnosis of antral web was
      made in 28 children during a 26-mo period. Nonbilious, often projectile vomiting
      was the predominant presenting symptom in 24 infants who were less than 6 mo of
      age. The older children complained of pain, vomiting, fullness after eating, and
      eructation. The characteristic radiologic finging was a wirelike transverse
      septum 1--2 cm proximal to the pylorus. Poor antral filling was an important
      early clue in the radiographic search for the webs. Pyloroplasty was performed in
      20 patients, frequently after failure of medical management of symptoms.
      Coexistent congenital abnormalities were present in 28% of patients. A search for
      environmental and familial factors has failed to elucidate any teratogenic
      influences in this population.

PMID- 671197
TI  - Paracentesis and lavage for diagnosis of intestinal gangrene in neonatal
      necrotizing enterocolitis.
AB  - A study to evaluate peritoneal fluid as an index of intestinal gangrene in
      infants with necrotizing entercolitis (NEC) was begun in 1974. Twenty samples of
      peritoneal fluid were obtained by paracentesis or lavage from 15 infants with
      nonperforated NEC. A brown color in the peritoneal fluid was noted in all 8
      patients found to have intestinal gangrene at subsequent operation. Gram stain
      showed bacteria in 6 of these 8 patients and bacterial cultures were confimatory
      in all but one. In 12 samples of peritoneal fluid in patients without intestinal
      gangrene, the fluid was straw-colored or pink and Gram stain showed no bacteria.
      The decision to operate on an infant with intestinal gangrene and impending
      perforation may be aided by analysis of the peritoneal fluid.

PMID- 671198
TI  - Small bowel reversal procedure for treatment of the "short gut" baby.
AB  - An increasing number of infants have undergone massive intestinal resection for
      various reasons: uncontrollable diarrhea, malabsorption, and failure to thrive
      makes these babies a difficult management problem and threatens their survival
      and later "quality of life." Five short gut babies have had a 3-cm small bowel
      reversal operation as part of the total salvage effort. It is recognized that
      very skilled care by dedicated personnel and parents, utilizing i.v. nutrition
      and special feeding techniques, is probably the most significant factor in
      achieving success with these babies. It is believed small bowel reversal helps in
      keeping these infants alive while their intestinal tract is making the
      adjustments necessary for long-term survival.

PMID- 671199
TI  - Surgical complications of leptospirosis in children.

PMID- 671200
TI  - Splenic-gonadal fusion.

PMID- 671202
TI  - Surgical repair of the injured spleen.

PMID- 671201
TI  - Chylous ascites: the first reported surgical cure by direct ligation.

PMID- 671203
TI  - Histochemical criteria for the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease in rectal
      suction biopsies by acetylcholinesterase activity.

PMID- 671204
TI  - Umbilical artery catheters: high, low, or no.

PMID- 671205
TI  - Determination of fetal maturity from the measurement of the sedimentary fraction
      of the amniotic fluid (amniocrit).
AB  - A simple technique is described for evaluating foetal maturity. This consists in
      measuring the sedimentary fraction of the amniotic fluid (amniocrit). The amount
      of sediment, expressed in percent of the total liquid volume varies between 0.33%
      at 36 weeks of amenorrhea and about 2.22% at 40 weeks. These values are
      correspond to arithmetical means. The differences between pre-term and term
      pregnancy are highly significant (p less than 0.001). The mean at 32--36 weeks of
      amenorrhea is 0.27, and at 37--41 weeks is 1.45. A close correlation between
      gestational age and the fraction of sediment in amniotic fluid is shown in Fig.
      1. The correlation coefficient was 0.726. This technique of measuring the
      sediment combines simplicity and reliability and can be employed where minimal
      resources are available, and in rural hospitals. The feasibility of using this
      procedure in institutions with limited resources is emphasized.

PMID- 671206
TI  - The influences of alcohol on the fetus.

PMID- 671207
TI  - Blood coagulation and fibrinolysis of the newborn viewed as perinatal factors.
      II. Finbrinolytic studies in the respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn
      infant.

PMID- 671208
TI  - An eight channel telemetry system for the transmission of biomedical signals.
AB  - An eight channel telemetry system is presented which has low dimensions, low
      weight and is easy to use. The transmission is in the 430 MHz band on the basis
      of pulse-width modulation in a time-multiplex mode. A standard 9 volt battery
      offers a minimum of 15 hours operation with an accuracy of 1%. The upper limit
      frequency is currently at about 100 Hz. A 9th channel serves to monitor the
      function of the system.

PMID- 671209
TI  - [Disinfectant evaluation. Preliminary laboratory in vitro tests (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 671210
TI  - [Comparative study of film formers for coating purposes. I. Study of solutions
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 671211
TI  - [Comparative study of film formers for coating purposes. II. Study of films
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 671212
TI  - [Influency of formation of an hydrophilic and continuous network of starch on
      tablet properties. 1. Repercussion on disintegration time of tablets and
      dissolution rate of drug (author's transl)].

PMID- 671213
TI  - Salience of ethnicity in the spontaneous self-concept as a function of one's
      ethnic distinctiveness in the social environment.
AB  - How likely people are to think of themselves in terms of a given personal
      characteristic is predicted from the distinctiveness postulate that the person,
      when confronted by a complex stimulus (such as the self), selectively notices and
      encodes the stimulus in terms of what is most peculiar about it, since these
      peculiar characteristics are the most informative in distinguishing it from other
      stimuli. This partial view of the person as an information-encoding machine (one
      is conscious of oneself insofar as, and in the ways that, one is different) is
      used to derive four predictions implying that ethnic identity is salient in
      children's spontaneous self-concepts to the extent that their ethnic group is in
      the minority in their social milieu at school. Our measure of salience of
      ethnicity was its being spontaneously mentioned by the children in response to a
      nondirective "Tell us about yourself" question. All four predictions were
      confirmed, though for several of the findings there are plausible alternative
      explanations.

PMID- 671214
TI  - Effect on retaliation of causal attributions concerning attack.
AB  - In two studies, men were defeated on either 17%, 50%, or 83% of reaction time
      trials, received aversive noise, and could ostensibly retaliate by delivering
      shock to their partner. The noise level delivered was described in Experiment 1
      as typical of most other people (high consensus) or atypical of most other people
      (low consensus) and in Experiment 2 as from a partner who knew (high
      foreseeability) or did not know (low foreseeability) the kind and level of
      stimulation controlled by the switches delivering reinforcement to the recipient.
      Hypotheses were based on the notion that retaliation increases as more personal
      causality is attributed to a provoker and that more personal causality is
      inferred in highly foreseeable--or low consensus--50% defeat conditions. As
      expected, greater differences in aggression between high and low consensus and
      between high and low foreseeability were displayed in the 50% defeat condition
      than in the other defeat conditions. Anticipated differences in inferences were
      obtained.

PMID- 671215
TI  - Distractibility in dieters and nondieters: an alternative view of "externality".
AB  - Two experiments were performed in an investigation of the effects of distraction
      and emotional arousal on the proofreading performance of dieting female subjects.
      In Experiment 1, it was found that distraction initially impaired the performance
      of dieters and facilitated the performance of nondieters, a pattern previously
      shown by Rodin to apply to obese and normal weight subjects, respectively, and
      interpreted as evidence of greater externality in the obese. Subsequent retesting
      of the same subjects in succeeding months, however, revealed a complete reversal
      of the original results. In Experiment 2, the reaction to distraction found in
      the first phase of Experiment 1 was obtained when subjects were in a situation of
      minimal threat. In a situation of high threat, the relative distractibility of
      dieters was reversed, as in the latter phases of Experiment 1. An explanation is
      offered for these data in terms of the greater emotionality of dieters, the
      susceptibility of cognitive performance to arousal (distraction, anxiety)
      manipulations, and the potentially competing effects of distraction and anxiety.
      Implications for the prevailing "trait" view of externality (stimulus binding)
      are discussed.

PMID- 671216
TI  - Facilitation of social interaction through deindividuation of the target.
AB  - It was hypothesized that actors want their perception of a target to be
      consistent with the type of interaction they expect. It was predicted that
      subjects expecting to aggress would deindividuate their target through the
      selective recall of deindividuating information. Conversely, subjects expecting a
      prosocial interaction should individuate the target. Further, angry subjects
      should deindividuate the individual who angered them. Male subjects were either
      angered or not angered by an experimental confederate and then given the
      opportunity to either shock, reward, or have no interaction with him. Subjects
      recalled information about the confederate either prior to or after the learning
      task. Subjects expecting to aggress deindividuated the target, whereas subjects
      expecting a prosocial interaction individuated him. Angry subjects deindividuated
      the target, nonangry subjects did not. Since the selective recall of information
      occurred prior to the interaction, the deindividuation (individuation) was aimed
      at facilitating future behavior rather than justifying it.

PMID- 671217
TI  - Effects of federal human subjects regulations on data obtained in environmental
      stressor research.
AB  - A series of experiments on environmental noise was performed over a 3-year
      period. Those experiments in the series that incorporated federal subjects
      guidelines concerning informed consent failed to replicate the negative
      aftereffects of noise found earlier by Glass and Singer. The experiments that
      were performed before implementation of the federal guidelines, however,
      successfully replicated the Glass and Singer findings. To clarify this pattern of
      results, a final experiment was performed on two groups of subjects treated
      identically except that one group gave informed consent while the other did not.
      The results confirmed that the subject procedures involving informed consent as
      defined by the federal guidelines prevent the emergence of negative aftereffects
      of noise, possibly because these procedures give the subjects what amounts to
      control over the stressor. Similar phenomena may occur in research on other
      environmental stressors, such as crowding and electric shock, in which subject's
      perception of control is a critical variable. Possible techniques for performing
      future research of this type are discussed.

PMID- 671218
TI  - Long-term urinary excretion of methaqualone in a human subject.

PMID- 671219
TI  - Disposition of sulfonamides in food-producing animals. VII. Disposition of
      sulfathiazole in tissue, urine, and plasma of swine following intravenous
      administration.

PMID- 671220
TI  - Method for the rapid estimation of the total body drug clearance and adjustment
      of dosage regimens in patients during a constant-rate intravenous infusion.

PMID- 671221
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of cefamandole using a HPLC assay.

PMID- 671222
TI  - Application of Akaike's information criterion (AIC) in the evaluation of linear
      pharmacokinetic equations.

PMID- 671223
TI  - Dose-dependent bioavailability of tetracycline in man.

PMID- 671224
TI  - A model for the prospective identification of the prenephrotoxic state during
      gentamicin therapy.

PMID- 671225
TI  - Chlorpromazine metabolism. IX. Pharmacokinetics of chlorpromazine following oral
      administration in man.

PMID- 671226
TI  - Novel method of estimating volume of distribution of a drug obeying Michaelis
      Menten elimination kinetics.

PMID- 671227
TI  - Time to reach steady state and prediction of steady-state concentrations for
      drugs obeying Michaelis-Menten elimination kinetics.

PMID- 671228
TI  - Numerical deconvolution by least squares: use of prescribed input functions.

PMID- 671229
TI  - Numerical deconvolution by least squares: use of polynomials to represent the
      input function.

PMID- 671231
TI  - Proposition 13 and pharmaceutical scientists.

PMID- 671230
TI  - Linear systems analysis in pharmacokinetics.

PMID- 671232
TI  - Paraquat in marijuana.

PMID- 671233
TI  - Carcinogenesis: a coagulation-coacervation hypothesis.

PMID- 671234
TI  - Controlled delivery of theophylline: chemistry of 7-acyl- and 7,7'
      acylditheophylline derivates.
AB  - 7-Acyl- and 7,7'-acylditheophylline derivatives were prepared from the reaction
      of theophylline with acid chlorides. In addition, a novel synthesis of these
      compounds was developed, which proceeds through an acylonium ion generated under
      mild conditions. The physical properties and stability of the derivative of
      choice, 7,7'-succinylditheophylline, depend on the synthetic procedure employed.
      This compound is a useful controlled-release prodrug of theophylline.

PMID- 671235
TI  - Assays and statistical analyses for antibiotic standards.
AB  - Some microbiological assays and statistical analyses of test results used by the
      National Center for Antibiotics Analysis are described for the establishment of
      offical antibiotic reference standards. Examples are given of both cylinder plate
      agar diffusion assays and turbidimetric assays. Formulas providing simple and
      quick analyses of data are shown for calculating potency, determining limits for
      the potency, and performing validity tests on the results.

PMID- 671236
TI  - Equilibrium penetration of monolayers VI: cholesterol-cetrimonium bromide system.
AB  - Equilibrium surface pressure-area isotherms for the penetration of cholesterol
      monolayers by the surfactant cetrimonium bromide are presented. From these
      isotherms, the saturation adsorptions of surfactant for various surface
      concentrations of cholesterol were calculated. Plots of adsorption against the
      inverse of the area per cholesterol molecule revealed two linear revealed two
      linear regions, corresponding to penetration at high and low monolayer areas. At
      high monolayer areas, surfactant adsorption into accessible areas of the surface
      was similar to adsorption at a monolayer-free surface. In this region, packing of
      cholesterol and surfactant molecules on the surface lowered the effective cross
      sectional area of the cholesterol molecule. However, at low monolayer areas,
      adsorption was determined by the size of the surfactant ion and the effective
      area of the cholesterol molecule was equal to the collapse area of a pure
      cholesterol monolayer.

PMID- 671237
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of intravenous erythromycin.
AB  - Erythromycin pharmacokinetics were examined following intravenous infusion to
      male subjects. The biological half-life of erythromycin in serum was 2 hr in
      individuals with normal renal function. The half-life varied in cases of reduced
      renal function, with values of 3.9 and 7.0 hr occurring in two subjects with
      severe renal impairment. Postinfusion serum erythromycin levels were adequately
      described by two-compartment model kinetics, and values for the distribution
      volume of the central compartment and the overall distribution are described.
      Estimated erythromycin distribution volumes in normal individuals may facilitate
      calculation of absorption efficiencies of erythromycin and its salts after oral
      doses.

PMID- 671238
TI  - Determination of salicylic acid and aspirin in multicomponent tablets by liquid
      chromatography on a nonionic resin.
AB  - Aspirin and free salicylic acid were determined in combinations containing
      caffeine, phenacetin, salicylamide, and acetaminophen by liquid chromatography on
      poly(methyl methacrylate) resin. Precision and accuracy were +/- 2% for salicylic
      acid, the latter at levels corresponding to 0.02% of the aspirin content.

PMID- 671239
TI  - Correlation of aspirin excretion with parameters from different dissolution
      methods.
AB  - The cumulative urinary excretion of four different aspirin products (two tablets,
      a capsule, and a timed-release tablet) was determined in a crossover study using
      five subjects. Comparison of in vivo results showed a significant difference in
      cumulative urinary excretion levels at only 1 hr. The excretion from the two
      regular tablets was significantly different from the timed-release tablet, but
      the capsule showed no significant difference from the other three products. Each
      product was tested in the USP, Levy beaker, and the regular and large magnetic
      basket dissolution apparatus. Analysis of variance of the in vitro results showed
      a significant difference between the aspirin products and the dissolution methods
      at selected times. In vitro comparison with in vivo results for the four products
      showed that a regression analysis can be used to determined which dissolution
      methods produce a significant correlation with urinary excretion.

PMID- 671240
TI  - Sensitive electron-capture GLC determination of metoclopramide in biological
      fluids.
AB  - A highly sensitive and specific electron-capture GLC assay capable of detecting
      picogram quantities of metoclopramide, a procaine derivative, in biological
      fluids was developed. This assay consisted of extracting metoclopramide from an
      alkalinized aqueous layer into benzene. A portion of the organic phase was
      derivatized with heptafluorobutyric anhydride. Quantitative estimation of the
      derivative was accomplished by adding diazepam, the internal standard, in bezene
      (750 ng/ml). A calibration curve was prepared for the plasma extracts. Linearity
      was observed in the range studied (91-825 ng/ml). No interference from endogenous
      substances was observed. The minimum detectable amount was 1 pg/injection. The
      structure of the derivative was confirmed by electron-impact and chemical
      ionization mass spectrometry. The applicability of this method was shown by a
      preliminary study of the elimination kinetics of metoclopramide in rats after a
      10-mg/kg iv dose.

PMID- 671241
TI  - Interaction of sulindac and metabolite with human serum albumin.
AB  - The binding of the newly developed nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent sulindac
      and its principal active metabolite, sunlindac sulfide, to human serum albumin
      was investigated. With the methods of dialysis, fluorescence quenching, and
      difference spectrophotometry, it was found that both agents were extensively
      bound to albumin. The binding affinity of the metabolite was considerably higher
      than that of sunlindac and this effect may be related to its prolonged plasma
      half-life versus the parent drug. Sulindac binding was albumin concentration
      dependent, which gave rise to an unfamilar Scatchard analysis of the dialysis
      data.

PMID- 671242
TI  - Physical characterization of erythromycin: anhydrate, monohydrate, and dihydrate
      crystalline solids.
AB  - Hot-stage microscopy, thermoanalytical methods, and X-ray powder diffraction were
      used to demonstrate that crystalline erythromycin dihydrate converts to the
      crystalline anhydrate via a noncrystalline intermediate. X-ray powder
      diffraction, IR spectral, thermogravimetric, and differential thermal analyses
      were used to characterize the monohydrate material. The flow interrupt technique,
      a procedure recently developed to deal with low surface area samples, was
      employed successfully in obtaining isotherms and specific surface areas for the
      monohydrate and anhydrate. The relative dissolution rates of the various hydrates
      were determined in an aqueous solution (0.01 M phosphate buffer, pH 7.5) at 37
      degrees. The results showed a significant difference in the dissolution rate of
      the dihydrate compared to the monohydrate and anhydrate.

PMID- 671243
TI  - GLC determination of caffeine in plasma using alkali flame detection.
AB  - A rapid, specific, and sensitive GLC assay for caffeine in plasma was developed
      utilizing alkali flame-ionization detection. The procedure involves the addition
      of mepivacaine as an internal standard, alkalinization of the sample, and
      extraction with chloroform. Peak height ratio measurements produced linear
      standard curves in the 0.25-10.0-microgram/ml range. Absolute sensitivity from a
      1.0-ml plasma sample was 0.1 microgram/ml. The relative standard deviation of a
      2.0-microgram/ml pooled plasma standard run repeatedly over several months was
      5.2%. The method is applicable to time-concentration studies in human and animal
      plasma following typical oral doses of caffeine.

PMID- 671244
TI  - GLC determination of ticrynafen and its metabolites in urine, serum, and plasma
      of humans and animals.
AB  - A sensitive GLC assay for ticrynafen, a diuretic agent with uricosuric
      properties, and its two metabolites in urine, serum, and plasma is described. The
      method employs methylation of carboxylic acid groups and trimethylsilyation of
      the hydroxyl group on one metabolite that cannot otherwise be separated readily
      from ticrynafen as a simple methyl ester. Urinary output and serum or plasma
      levels of ticrynafen and its two metabolites were measured in specimens from
      human volunteers receiving one 250-mg tablet.

PMID- 671245
TI  - Chromatographic separation and assay of morphine in tablets.
AB  - A method specific for the determination of morphine sulfate in tablets was
      developed. Morphine is separated from the excipient and degradation products by a
      column chromatographic method. The eluate containing morphine is extracted into
      an acid solution and determined spectrophotometrically. Recovery from standard
      solutions is greater than 99%. This method is more specific for the separation
      and determination or morphine in tablets than is the USP XVIII procedure.

PMID- 671246
TI  - Multicompartment pharmacokinetic model of 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin 9-(4,6-O
      ethylidene-beta-D-glucopyranoside) in humans.
AB  - The formation and elimination of the metabolite of 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin
      9-(4,6-O-ethylidene-beta-D-glucopyranoside) (I) were studied in seven patients
      with advanced cancer who received I intravenously. The plasma concentration-time
      data best fit a triexponential equation. The volume of the metabolite compartment
      (27.5 liters) was calculated as a fraction of the extrapolated volume. A larger
      body clearance (111.7 ml/min) of metabolite as compared to the renal clearance
      (31.3 ml/min) indicates that the metabolite is lost from the plasma equivalent
      space by another elimination route. The combination of metabolite data presented
      here with previously published data for unchanged I leads to a multicompartment
      model for the distribution, metabolism, and excretion of I and its metabolite. A
      comparison of algebraically derived model transfer constants with those evaluated
      by computer fitting the system of differential equations is presented.

PMID- 671247
TI  - Solid dispersion of pharmaceutical ternary systems I: Phase diagram of aspirin
      acetaminophen-urea system.
AB  - The phase diagram of an aspirin-acetaminophen-urea system was constructed. The
      data obtained by the thermomicroscopic method showed that the binary systems of
      aspirin-acetaminophen, aspirin-urea, and acetaminophen-urea are simple eutectic
      mixtures with negligible formation of solid solutions or molecular compounds. The
      equilateral triangular phase diagram of the ternary system revealed that it
      forms, upon solidification, solid dispersions of the mechanical mixture type. The
      ternary eutectic corresponded to a composition of 60% aspirin, 20% acetaminophen,
      and 20% urea at 72 degrees. The method of calculating the composition finally
      solidified melts, lying within any area of the phase diagram, is presented. Use
      of the phase diagram in selecting the optimum ratio of components to enhance
      dissolution rates of these drugs may be possible.

PMID- 671248
TI  - Solid dispersion of pharmaceutical ternary systems II: Dissolution studies on
      aspirin-acetaminophen-urea system.

PMID- 671249
TI  - Fluorometric assay for urinary indapamide.
AB  - A sensitive fluorescence method for the determination of indapamide was
      developed. Reaction of indapamide with sodium hydroxide at 100 degrees yielded a
      fluorescent product, and addition of formaldehyde to the fluorescent product
      increased its fluorescence intensity by a factor of three. The assay is sensitive
      to levels of indapamide of 0.025 microgram/ml in an aqueous solution, and a
      linear response between 0.025 and 2.0 microgram/ml was observed. The procedure
      was adapted to the analysis of intact indapamide in urine. Concentrations of
      indapamide of 0.05 microgram/ml can be detected in dogs given 20 mg of the drug.

PMID- 671250
TI  - Electronic monitoring of events within dynamic particulate beds: conductance and
      capacitance measurements.
AB  - Methods for monitoring mechanical events occurring within particulate solids
      systems in a dynamic state are described. The electrical conductance and
      capacitance characteristics of such systems, as they relate to the degree of bed
      dilation or expansion, extent of interparticulate contact, and intensity of
      particle motion, were studied and are discussed. To establish the potential of
      this approach, harmonically vibrated beds of monodispersed conducting spheres
      were used. A technique, based on the frequency modulation of standard FM
      broadcast frequency carrier signals, was developed to measure low and high
      frequency fluctuations in bed capacitance. The electrical conductance of these
      systems also was determined by both voltage drop and current flow methods. The
      experimental techniques developed are broadly applicable to various materials and
      modes of agitation or flow. They permit the evaluation of the time courses of
      both bed dilation and particle motion which, in turn, are known to determine of
      modify critically powder flow and mixing behavior.

PMID- 671251
TI  - Oxidative degradation of pharmaceutically important phenothiazines I: Isolation
      and identification of oxidation products of promethazine.
AB  - The thermal degradation of promethazine in water in the presence of oxygen was
      studied. After degradation, the products were isolated by TLC. Identification was
      carried out by comparison of the isolated compounds with reference compounds.
      Melting points, spectral data, and polarographic and chromatographic behavior
      were compared. The following products were identified: 10-methylphenothiazine,
      phenothiazine, 3H-phenothiazine-3-one, phenothiazine 5-oxide, promethazine 5
      oxide, 7-hydroxy-3H-phenothiazine-3-one, acetaldehyde, formaldehyde, and
      dimethylamine.

PMID- 671252
TI  - Oxidative degradation pharmaceutically important phenothiazines II: Quantitative
      determination of promethazine and some degradation products.
AB  - Methods for the determination of promethazine and several degradation products,
      which can be used in kinetic studies, were developed. All determinations were
      carried out after isolation of the compounds by TLC. Promethazine was determined
      by oxidation with vanadyl sulfate in an acidic medium. The method was suitable
      for approximately 3 mg of the compound. 3H-Phenothiazine-3-one was determined
      spectrophotometrically at 492 nm in acetone. The compound could be determined in
      amounts of 30-40 microgram. Promethazine 5-oxide was determined
      spectrophotometrically using the acid dye method; 100-200 microgram could be
      determined. 7-Hydroxy-3H-phenothiazine-3-one could be determined
      spectrophotometrically at 600 nm after extraction of the other compounds from the
      solution. The medium had to be alkaline and contain water in a fixed ratio. The
      method was suitable for 15-30 microgram of the compound.

PMID- 671253
TI  - Determination of ethinyl estradiol in human urine by radiochemical GLC.
AB  - A radiochemical GLC analysis was developed for 3H-labeled ethinyl estradiol in
      human urine. The technique was applied to the unconjugated and aglycone fractions
      of urine collected from women who were dosed orally with: (a) single capsules
      containing 2.0 mg of 3H-quinestrol (900 muCi) and 2.5 mg of unlabeled
      quingestanol acetate dissolved in sesame oil and (b) single tablets containing
      100 microgram of 3H-quinestrol (86 muCi). Unconjugated ethinyl estradiol in Day 1
      urine collections represented means of 0.02% of the high quinestrol dose and
      0.12% of the low dose. Ethinyl estradiol glucuronide in the same collections
      represented means of 0.55% of the high drug dose and 1.35% of the low dose. The
      method could detect 1-ng quantities of 3H-ethinyl estradiol and 3H-quinestrol.

PMID- 671254
TI  - Spectrophotofluorometric analysis of 3',4',7-tris[O-(beta-hydroxyethyl)]rutoside
      in urine.
AB  - A sensitive procedure was developed for 3',4',7-tris[O(beta
      hydroxyethyl)]rutoside (I) in urine. The method is based on the fluoresence
      behavior of the I-aluminum complex in absolute methanol. This complex has
      activation and emission wavelengths of 420 and 480 nm, respectively. Optimum
      conditions for the reaction were investigated. The fluorescence was linear (r =
      0.998) in the range of 0.1-4.0 microgram of I/ml. At concentrations below 0.1
      microgram/ml, a shift in the emission wavelength was observed. Replicate studies
      (n = 9) of spiked urine samples, each containing 0.4 microgram of I/ml, showed
      good precision with a relative standard deviation of 0.009. Overall percent
      recovery (+/- SEM) from five urine samples was 99.5 +/- 1.34%. Following a single
      500-mg po dose of I to individuals, only traces of I were found in the urine.
      However, beta-glucuronidase treatment of urine resulted in a total cumulative
      urine excretion of 26.53 mg of I after 78.6 hr.

PMID- 671255
TI  - Hepatic disposition and biliary excretion of the organic cations thiazinamium and
      thiazinamium sulfoxide in rats.
AB  - The disappearance from plasma and the excretion in bile of the monoquaternary
      thiazinamium (administered as the iodide) and one of its polar metabolites,
      thiazinamium sulfoxide (also administered as the iodide), were studied in the rat
      after intravenous injection to obtain more information on hepatic transport
      mechanisms for organic cations. Both compounds exhibited an extremely rapid
      plasma disappearance, partly due to a rapid liver uptake. After injection of
      thiazinamium iodide and thiazinamium sulfoxide iodide, 36 and 47%, respectively,
      of the administered dose were excreted in bile during 1 hr. TLC analysis of the
      bile showed at least two unidentified polar metabolites in addition to
      thiazinamium sulfoxide and only 3.8% unchanged thiazinamium after administration
      of thiazinamium iodide. The same metabolites were found after injection of
      thiazinamium sulfoxide iodide. Urinary excretion and intestinal secretion were 18
      and 12%, respectively, for thiazinamium sulfoxide iodide and 27 and 9%,
      respectively, of the dose for thiazinamium iodide. It is concluded that, in spite
      of unequal physicochemical features, thiazinamium iodide and thiazinamium
      sulfoxide iodide differ only slightly in hepatic uptake and metabolism.

PMID- 671256
TI  - Structure-toxicity relationships of iodinated aromatic carbonates and related
      compounds.
AB  - Structure-toxicity relationships of iodinated aromatic carbonates, carbamates,
      and esters are presented. The approximate lethal dose of intraperitoneal
      injections in mice was used for toxicity determinations. Increasing the alkyl
      portion of the molecules reduced toxicity. m-Amino and m-acetamido groups also
      reduced toxicity. Carbonates were preferred X-ray contrast because of their low
      viscosity and more rapid elimination.

PMID- 671257
TI  - Quantitative GLC analysis of sterols in biological samples.
AB  - A GLC method for the quantitative analysis of cholesterol, beta-sitosterol,
      stigmasterol, campesterol, 7-dehydrocholesterol, and dihydrocholesterol in
      biological samples was developed to screen serum and lipid extracts of heart and
      liver tissue for these sterols precisely. The addition of the internal standard,
      cholestane, at the beginning of the procedure led to a reduction in the required
      sample size and the elimination of several steps. The only critical measurements
      are those of the biological samples and internal standard.

PMID- 671258
TI  - Differential plus polarographic determination of submicrogram quantities of
      carmustine and related compounds in biological samples.
AB  - A polarographic method was developed to determine the antineoplastic agent
      carmustine and other nitrosoureas, such as N-methyl-N-nitrosourea and N
      cyclohexyl-N-nitrosourea, in biological fluids at levels well below 1
      microgram/ml or g. The stability of carmustine in different media was
      investigated to prevent losses during administration or assay. Examples of
      nitrosourea determination in biological samples are given.

PMID- 671259
TI  - Synthesis of dextroamphetamine sulfate and methamphetamine hydrochloride from D
      phenylalanine.
AB  - Starting from D-phenylalanine, dextroamphetamine sulfate and methamphetamine
      hydrochloride were synthesized. The reaction sequence proceeds through three
      intermediates, in which the absolute configuration of the asymmetric carbon atom
      is changed but the relative configuration remains the same. Either product can be
      obtained from a common intermediate by altering the reductive conditions employed
      for the removal of a carbamate protecting group.

PMID- 671260
TI  - Solasodine stability under conditions of saponin hydrolysis.
AB  - The extent of formation of solasodiene from solasodine upon treatment with
      hydrochloric acid under various conditions was determined. The diene formed was
      assayed by using the characteristic extinction at 236 nm. Diene formation was
      effected by the acid concentration and the boiling point of the solvent used.
      Optimal conditions for the hydrolysis of solasodine glycosides are suggested.

PMID- 671261
TI  - Analysis of cefazolin in serum or urine.
AB  - A method was developed to determine cefazolin in serum or urine. The drug is
      extracted from serum or urine with ethyl acetate, separated by TLC, and
      determined by fluorescence quenching densitometry. The method was developed to
      study the pharmacokinetics of the compound in humans.

PMID- 671262
TI  - Inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis VI: 2,5-Diamino-2-(cyanomethyl) pentanoic
      acid, a potential irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase.
AB  - (+/-)-2,5-Diamino-2-)cyanomethyl)pentanoic acid was obtained by the reaction of
      chloracetonitrile with the anion obtained by treatment of 3-(benzylideneamino)-2
      piperidinone with sodium hydride, followed by hydrolysis in the presence of
      trifluoroacetic anhydride. The target compound was isolated as the
      monohydrochloride salt of the lactam. The compound was synthesized as a potential
      irreversible inhibitor of the enzyme L-ornithine decarboxylase by the mechanism
      generally known as suicide or Kcat inhibition. The synthesized compound produced
      no inhibition of the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase obtained from rat prostate
      gland. The inactivity of the target compound is attributed to the hydrophilicity
      of the cyanomethyl group.

PMID- 671263
TI  - Formation of thermally stable derivatives of chlordiazepoxide and its desmethyl
      metabolite for GLC.
AB  - A derivatization procedure is described for the GLC determination of subnanogram
      amounts of chlordiazepoxide and nanogram amounts of N-desmethylchlordiazepoxide.
      Treatment with acetic anhydride at elevated temperature eliminates the highly
      polar and unstable nitrone group of these compounds by rearrangement and
      acetylation. The mass spectrometric fragmentation pattern of the acetyl
      derivatives is recorded and interpreted.

PMID- 671264
TI  - Effect of changes in intercompartment rate constants on drug removal during
      hemoperfusion.
AB  - A computer simulation of the effect of changing intercompartment clearance rates
      on drug removal during hemoperfusion was undertaken. As intercompartment
      clearance slowed, the fall in plasma levels increased and postperfusion rebound
      increased, but the total drug removed decreased.

PMID- 671266
TI  - Synthesis and antiulcerogenic evaluation of 2-(substituted phenylimino)-2H
      quinolizines.
AB  - The synthesis and antiulcerogenic evaluation of a series of 2-(substituted
      phenylimino)-2H-quinolizines are described. The most active compound, the 4
      chlorophenylimido derivative, inhibited ulcer formation by 98%.

PMID- 671265
TI  - Factors affecting homogeneous precipitation of aluminum hydroxide gel.
AB  - The variables affecting homogeneous precipitation in the hydrolysis of aluminum
      nitrate by sodium carbonate were studied. Increased temperature, decreased
      concentration of reactants, and decreased rate of addition of titrant favor
      conditions that achieve homogeneous precipitation. During acid hydrolysis, the
      nitrate anion was the major anion associated with the gel and only small amounts
      of carbonate were observed. It is recommended that homogeneous conditions be
      achieved during the precipitation of aluminum hydroxide gel to improve
      reporducibility.

PMID- 671267
TI  - Assignment by 13-C-NMR spectroscopy of configuration at C-5 in 17 alpha
      ethylestran-17 beta-ol, an impurity in the anabolic steroid ethylestrenol.
AB  - The stereochemistry at C-5 in 17 alpha-ethylestran-17 beta-ol, found as an
      impurity in ethylesterenol, was assigned by 13C-NMR spectroscopy. The hydrogen
      atom attached to C-5 is in the alpha-configuration. Resonance assignments were
      confirmed by partial deuteration, off-resonance 13C-(1H)-decoupling, and
      comparison with model compounds.

PMID- 671268
TI  - Lack of influence of rabbit nictitating membrane of miosis effect of pilocarpine.

PMID- 671269
TI  - Determinations of amygdalinamide, amygdalin acid, and 2-propanol in amygdalin
      dosage forms from Mexico.

PMID- 671270
TI  - Tolbutamide binding to plasma proteins of young and old human subjects.

PMID- 671271
TI  - Scatchard plots with a positive slope and role of albumin concentration.

PMID- 671272
TI  - Glycine fluxes in squid giant axons.
AB  - 1. The influx of a number of amino acids into squid giant axons has been studied.
      Particular emphasis has been placed on glycine and to a lesser extent glutamate.
      2. To facilitate the study of the uptake of 14C-labelled amino acids a technique
      was devised in which the 14C taken up was measured directly in the intact axon
      with a glass scintillator fibre. This technique gave results similar to the usual
      technique in which the axoplasm was extruded for the assay of radioactivity. 3.
      The changes in glycine influx with extracellular glycine concentration suggests
      that two saturating components are present, one with high affinity and one with
      low affinity. 4. The glycine influx does not seem normally to be sensitive to the
      removal of extracellular sodium by replacement with choline. A Na-sensitive
      component appeared, however, after a period of immersion in artificial sea water.
      There was also some depression of glycine influx if Na were replaced by Li. 5.
      Glutamate uptake was greatly reduced by removal of extracellular Na in
      confirmation of work by Baker & Potashner (1973). Orthophosphate uptake was also
      greatly reduced by removal of extracellular Na. 6. CN reversibly inhibited
      glycine uptake after a delay, indicating that part of the uptake mechanism may
      require ATP. 7. 14C-labelled glycine injected into squid axons was found not to
      exchange to any serious extent with other compounds over periods of a few hours.
      The glycine efflux could therefore be studied. This was found to be markedly
      increased by extracellular glycine and by certain other neutral amino acids
      applied extracellularly in the artificial sea water. 8. The enhanced glycine
      efflux in extracellular glycine was not affected by ouabain and CN. 9. It is
      suggested that glycine uptake in squid axons involves two components. One is
      sensitive to CN and ouabain and probably derives energy from ATP break-down. The
      other is probably an ATP independent exchange diffusion system in which other
      amino acids as well as glycine can exchange for glycine. Both these systems are
      independent of extracellular Na concentration. A third Na-dependent system may
      appear under certain conditions.

PMID- 671273
TI  - Correlation spectroscopy and Laser Doppler anemometry; a new method for
      determining secretory particle electrophoretic properties [proceedings].

PMID- 671274
TI  - The properties of surround antagonism elicited by spinning windmill patterns in
      the mudpuppy retina.
AB  - 1. A truncated spinning  windmill pattern, illuminating only the receptive field
      surround, shown previously to activate amacrine cells, was used to elicit
      activity at the inner plexiform layer and to reduce the response of ganglion
      cells to test flashes at the receptive field centre. 2. The spinning windmill
      pattern reduced the ganglion cell response over its entire graded range by a
      fixed amount, and reduced the domain of test intensities required for graded
      activity. 3. The windmill effect was graded for windmill intensities over a
      domain of about 1000 to 1. The effect was constant for windmill velocities from
      about 0.05 to 0.5 rev/sec, and diminished beyond these velocities. 4. The
      windmill effect varied with windmill area as though each retinal point
      contributed to the reduction of ganglion cell response with a weighting which
      fell exponentially from the receptive field centre. The space constant was 0.35
      mm. 5. The graded reduction in ganglion cell response was closely correlated with
      the graded increase in amacrine cell activity when the windmill intensity, area,
      and velocity were varied. It is inferred that amacrine cells, activated by the
      windmill, act to reduce the response range of the ganglion cells, primarily
      through a feed-forward pathway.

PMID- 671275
TI  - Thin filament-induced transition between two myosin filament state in a
      crustacean muscle [proceedings].

PMID- 671276
TI  - Changes of phrenic motoneurone output associated with altering its relationship
      to the respiratory oscillations of arterial blood-gas composition [proceedings].

PMID- 671277
TI  - The uptake of low-molecular-weight material by the arterial wall [proceedings].

PMID- 671278
TI  - Structural and mechanical effects of vascular collapse [proceedings].

PMID- 671279
TI  - Kinetics of bleaching and regeneration of rhodopsin in abnormal (RCS) and normal
      albino rats in vivo.
AB  - 1. Rhodopsin concentration has been measured by the method of densitometry in
      retinae of rats with inherited retinal dystrophy (RCS) raised in darkness and
      compared with that of normal rats similarly reared. 2. In both RCS and normal
      rats the fraction of rhodopsin bleached is always directly proportional to the
      photon content of the light, I.t, where I is the light intensity in effective
      quanta (500 nm) cm-2 sec-1 and t is the duration of the bleaching exposure in
      seconds. 3. Rhodopsin photosensitivity for bleaching is slightly higher in RCS
      rats than in normals (2.3 (10)-16 cm2 chromophore-1 compared with 1.3 (10)-16 cm2
      chromophore-1). 4. Rhodopsin regeneration in the dark in both RCS and normal rats
      cannot be described by the kinetics of a simple monomolecular chemical reaction.
      5. Following 5 min bleaches, the regeneration rate becomes slower as the
      preceding bleach is made stronger. Regeneration in the dark is significantly
      faster in the RCS rats than in the normal ones. 6. In normal rats, after a full
      bleach, rhodopsin regenerates back to the dark-adapted level within 3--4 hr. In
      RCS rats rhodopsin regenerates to reach a plateau level, below the previous dark
      adapted level, that lasts for several hours. 7. The faction of total rhodopsin
      that can regenerate gradually declines with age until in 70 days old RCS rats no
      rhodopsin regeneration can be measured by the ensitometer. However, total
      rhodopsin density (fully bleached-dark-adapted) is still close to normal.

PMID- 671280
TI  - Coronary pressure-flow relationships at different phases of the cardiac cycle in
      the maximally vasodilated left ventricle of the dog [proceedings].

PMID- 671281
TI  - Modification of blood pressure and aortic baroreceptor activity in propranolol
      treated hypertensive rabbits [proceedings].

PMID- 671282
TI  - Dark-adaptation in abnormal (RCS) rats studied electroretinographically.
AB  - 1. Electroretinogram (e.r.g.) responses recorded from dark-reared rats with
      inherited retinal dystrophy (RCS) showed progressive decline in b-wave ampliture
      and prolongation of the time to the peak of the b-wave with age when compared
      with records obtained from dark-reared normal albino rats. 2. Dark-adaptation was
      followed in RCS and normal rats by recording the light intensity needed to evoke
      a criterion e.r.g. response at different time intervals after bleaching and 90%
      of the rhodopsin. 3. In normal rats, dark-adaptation was governed by two
      mechanisms. The first 25--35 min of recovery was determined by cones. The second
      branch, determined by the recovery of rods, lasted for about 3 hr and proceeded
      along an exponential time course with time constant of 41.4 +/- 2.4 min (S.E. of
      mean). 4. In RCS rats, the time course of the dark-adaptation after a 90% bleach
      depended on age. In 25--30 day old rats the recovery curve had at least three
      breaks separating three different mechanisms. Rats, 35--40 days old, exhibited
      double exponential recovery curves, while 45--70 day old rats recovered along a
      single exponential curve similar in time course to the cone branch of dark
      adaptation found in normal rats. 5. Action spectra obtained from RCS rats at
      different time intervals of the recovery curve showed that in young rats, 25--30
      days old, small e.r.g. responses recorded before bleaching and at the end of the
      recovery period were determined by rhodopsin while those recorded during the
      first part of the recovery from 90% bleach were determined by a combination of
      rods and cones. In RCS rats of advanced age (45--70 days old), rhodopsin was the
      major contributor to the e.r.g. responses recorded either before bleaching or at
      the end of the recovery period. 6. The gradual deterioration with age of the
      e.r.g. in RCS rats cannot be explained by either the decrease in quantum catch
      due to the decrease in rhodopsin content or by the linear relationship between
      log e.r.g. threshold and pigment concentration. 7. Using estimates of rhodopsin
      density within surviving rods obtained from retinal densitometry, it was shown
      that in RCS rats where more than 30% of normal levels of rhodopsin was located
      within the functioning rods, the log intensity needed for a criterion e.r.g.
      response measured at the end of the recovery period from a 90% bleach was
      linearly related to the fraction of 'functional' rhodopsin. 8. No simple
      relationship between log e.r.g. threshold and rhodopsin concentration could be
      found during the course of recovery in the dark from a strong bleaching exposure
      in RCS rats of all ages.

PMID- 671283
TI  - Alteration of respiratory timing by abrupt decreases in carotid body activity
      [proceedings].

PMID- 671285
TI  - The distribution of plasma albumin as determined by Evans blue dye and human
      serum albumin [proceedings].

PMID- 671284
TI  - Life time and elementary conductance of the channels mediating the excitatory
      effects of acetylcholine in Aplysia neurones.
AB  - 1. The excitatory effects of acetylcholine (ACh) on an identified group of
      Aplysia neurones have been studied under voltage clamp in an attempt to measure
      the average life time. tau, of the channels opened by ACh and the elementary
      current, iel, flowing through these channels. The value of tau was determined
      both from spectral noise analysis and from current relaxations after voltage
      steps. Both methods lead to similar values. iel was calculated from the ratio of
      the variance of the ACh induced noise to the mean ACh induced current. 2. tau is
      increased by hyperpolarization, or by lowering the temperature. At 12 degrees C,
      tau = 27 msec AT -80 MV, tau = 17 msec at mV. tau is about 5 times smaller at 21
      degrees C than at 12 degrees C. 3. iel increases linearly with hyperpolarization.
      At -80 mV, in Tris-buffered sea water, the mean value of iel was 0.8 X 10)-12) A
      at 12 degrees C. At 21 degrees C, this value was multiplied by 1.8. 4. The
      estimate of the ACh reversal potential Erev obtained by extrapolation of the
      relation between iel and the membrane potential V was + 30 mV. The estimate
      obtained from the analysis of the instantaneous current changes produced by
      voltage steps was + 15 mV. The difference between the two values appears to be
      due to the development of a K curent activated by the entry of Ca into the cell
      during the ACh response. This current introduces an error in opposite directions
      into the two estimates of Erev, which can therefore be assumed to be intermediate
      between + 15 and + 30 mV. An assumed value of + 20 mV yields an elementary
      conductance of 8 X 10(-12) omega-1 at 12 degrees C in Tris-buffered sea water. 5.
      The total ACh induced current measured in steady-state conditions increases more
      with hyperpolarization than does iel. The difference can be entirely accounted
      for by the fact that hyperpolarization increases tau. 6. When carbachol or
      tetramethylammonium is applied instead of ACh, the value of iel is identical to
      that found with ACh, but tau is slightly shorter (about 75%). 7. Inward ACh
      induced currents can still be observed in solutions where all Na has been
      replaced by Cs, Mg, or Ca. 8. iel increases when Na is replaced by Cs; it
      decreases when Na is replaced by Mg or Ca. In all Na-free solutions, tau is
      larger than in Na sea water: the lengthening of tau is largest for Ca sea water,
      smallest for Cs sea water. An interpretation of these changes of gamma is
      proposed. This interpretation may also account for the voltage sensitivity of
      gamma in normal sea water. 9. Partial replacement of NaCl by TrisCl strikingly
      reduces the ACh induced current. gamma is not modified by Tris substitution, and
      the reduction of the total current is entirely accounted for by a steep decrease
      of iel. Tris does not seem to affect the pore opening and closing processes, but
      to block the ACh controlled channel.

PMID- 671286
TI  - Flow conditions upstream of a model stenosis with pulsatile flow [proceedings].

PMID- 671287
TI  - Cholecystokinin and glucagon are intestinal lymphagogues in the rat
      [proceedings].

PMID- 671289
TI  - Absorption of two tyrosine containing dipeptides from the small intestine and
      rectum of the rat [proceedings].

PMID- 671288
TI  - The mode of action of antagonists of the excitatory response to acetylcholine in
      Aplysia neurones.
AB  - 1. The mode of action of various antagonists of acetylcholine (ACh) excitatory
      effects on Aplysia neurones was studied under voltage clamp. ACh was applied by
      iontophoresis whereas antagonists were applied in the bath. Tubocurarine and
      hexamethonium were the most thoroughly studied compounds. 2. The 'elementary
      current', calculated as the ratio of the variance of the ACh noise to the mean
      ACh induced current, was not modified by any of the antagonists tested. 3. The
      evolution of the ACh induced current after a voltage jump, which is normally
      described by a single exponential, was modified by all the antagonists tested. A
      common feature of the modified relaxations was the appearance, over a certain
      concentration range of the antagonist, of two successive and opposite exponential
      components. 4. The characteristics of the composite relaxations depend on the
      antagonist. For a given antagonist they vary with membrane potential, ACh
      concentration, and antagonist concentration. 5. The noise power spectra of the
      ACh induced current showed changes consistent with those of the relaxations. 6.
      In the absence of antagonists, the current induced by a steady application of ACh
      increases linearly with hyperpolarization. In the presence of antagonists, the I
      V curve shows a marked curvature, indicating a proportionally larger reduction of
      the ACh response at more negative membrane potentials. 7. The voltage sensitivity
      of the blocking action of hexamethonium and decamethonium is noticeably stronger
      than that of monovalent antagonists. 8. A model is proposed which accounts for
      the observed effects. It assumes that the antagonists studied bind perferentially
      to the 'activated' ACh-receptor complex, and convert it to a non-conducting
      state. Kinetic constants can be calculated for this reaction; e.g. for curare, at
      12 degrees C and -80 mV, the dissociation and association constants were
      estimated at 0.1 sec-1 and 4 X 10(5) M-1 sec-1. 9. Partial replacement of the
      extracellular Na by Tris modifies the relaxations observed in the presence of
      hexamethonium. Hexamethonium appears less effective in the presence of Tris,
      which supports the hypothesis that the binding site of the antagonists is linked
      to the ionic channel.

PMID- 671290
TI  - Glucagon-like immunoreactivity in the gut and plasma of foetal and post-natal
      lambs [proceedings].

PMID- 671291
TI  - The functional nature of the inferior (nodose) ganglion of the vagus nerve of the
      domestic hen [proceedings].

PMID- 671292
TI  - Inhibitory responses of neurones in the rat somatosensory cortex to
      ionophoretically applied desipramine [proceedings].

PMID- 671293
TI  - Noise and relaxation studies of acetylcholine induced currents in the presence of
      procaine.
AB  - 1. The effects of procaine on the excitatory effects of acetylcholine (ACh) on
      Aplysia neurones were studied by analysing the current relaxations induced by
      voltage steps. Procaine was applied by perfusion and ACh was applied
      iontophoretically under two sets of experimental conditions designed to produce
      very different ACh concentrations at the membrane. 2. When ACh was applied at
      high concentration, the current relaxation following a hyperpolarizing step
      showed two components at procaine concentrations of about 2 X 10(-5) M; a fast
      increase was followed by a slow decrease. At high procaine concentrations
      (greater than 10(-4) M), the relaxation has only one component, corresponding to
      an exponential current decrease. 3. When ACh was applied at low concentrations,
      the current relaxation usually showed two components. At low procaine
      concentrations a fast increase was followed by a slower one; at higher procaine
      concentrations, a fast decrease preceded the slow increase. 4. All the results
      can be accounted for by assuming that procaine binds preferentially to the
      activated receptor-channel complex and converts it into a non-conducting complex.
      The association and dissociation constants were calculated to be (at 12 degrees
      C, -80 mV) 1.3 X 10(6) M-1 sec-1 and 10 sec-1.

PMID- 671294
TI  - Low threshold sites for vocalizations in the mid-brain of Japanese quail
      [proceedings].

PMID- 671295
TI  - Veratridine stimulates release of [14C]GABA from the in vivo superfused rat
      cerebellar cortex [proceedings].

PMID- 671296
TI  - Canine colonic pacing and coupled oscillator synchronization [proceedings].

PMID- 671297
TI  - Ionic currents in cultured mouse neuroblastoma cells under voltage-clamp
      conditions.
AB  - 1. Ionic currents in differentiated cells of mouse neuroblastoma clone N1E-115
      have been studied under voltage-clamp conditions. 2. Depolarizing voltage steps
      from a holding potential of -85 mV to levels more positive than -40 mV produced
      fast transient inward currents followed by delayed outward currents. 3. The fast
      inward current is carried by Na+: it is blocked by tetrodotoxin and is absent in
      Na+-free solutions. Its kinetic behaviour resembles that of the Na+ current in
      squid giant axon. A mean value of 85 mmho/cm2 was found for the maximum Na+
      conductance (GNa).4. The delayed outward current is carried primarily by K+: it
      is blocked by externally applied tetraethylammonium (TEA, 15 mM) and has a
      reversal potential (mean -71 mV) close to the theoretical K+ equilibrium
      potential. Its instantaneous I--V curve is linear. By analogy with the
      formulation of Hodgkin & Huxley (1952c), the outward current can be described by
      IK = -GKn2(V--EK) where GK = 12 mmho/mc2. 5. During prolonged depolarizations the
      delayed outward current declines. This decline, which occurs in two phases,
      represents a partial inactivation of the K+ conductance. 6. A weak inward current
      with slow activation and inactivation kinetics appears in Na+-free solution
      containing 10 mM-Ca2+. It is activated at a membrane potential of -55 mV and
      reaches its maximum at -20 mV with a time to peak of about 10 msec. This current
      is tetrodotoxin-resistant, reversibly blocked by Co2+ (5mM) and is suggested to
      be carried by Ca2+. 7. An increase in the external divalent cation concentration
      results in a parallel shift of the steady-state I--V curve along the voltage axis
      in positive direction. The activation of delayed outward currents is suggested
      not to depend on Ca2+ influx. 8. It is concluded that separate voltage-dependent
      Na+, K+ and Ca2+ channels exist in the differentiated neuroblastoma membrane with
      kinetic and pharmacological properties similar to those observed in non-mammalian
      preparations.

PMID- 671298
TI  - Early development of visual cortical cells in normal and dark-reared kittens:
      relationship between orientation selectivity and ocular dominance.
AB  - 1. 535 units were recorded in the primary visual cortex in twelve normally reared
      and fifteen dark-reared kittens aged between 8 and 50 days. These results were
      pooled with a previous study of 582 units recorded from thirty-five kittens
      reared in similar conditions. 2. These 1117 cells were classified into four
      functional classes of neurones: (a) visually unresponsive cells, (b) non-specific
      cells which were sensitive to spots or slits of light moving in any direction,
      (c) immature cells which were preferentially activated by a rectilinear stimulus
      but unselective regarding its precise orientation and (d) specific cells that
      appeared to be as selective for orientation as the simple or complex cells in the
      adult cat. 3. The results confirm that cells having the same orientation-specific
      response properties as adult cortical visual neurones are present in the earliest
      stages of post-natal development, independently of visual experience. However, to
      maintain and develop these specific cells after the third week of post-natal
      life, visual experience is necessary. 4. The ocular dominance of visual cells is
      not constant from the earliest stages of development. A significant increase in
      binocularly driven neurones occurs with age. 5. Before 3 weeks of age, whatever
      the rearing conditions, there are more specific cells coding horizontal and
      vertical orientations than those coding oblique orientations. These 'horizontal
      and vertical detectors' are preferentially driven by the contralateral eye. 5.
      After 4 weeks of age, specific neurones are found at all orientations in normally
      reared kittens. At this stage of development the ocular dominance is independent
      of orientation preference, of the functional class of neurones considered and of
      the rearing conditions. The proportion of binocularly driven cells is slightly
      below adult standard. 7. A hypothesis of differential plasticity is proposed:
      contralateral, monocular 'horizontal and vertical detectors' are supposed to be
      stable; they would remain so until they become binocular. Binocular cells, for
      which competition between two inputs occurs, are the labile units which can be
      despecified or specified under the control of visual experience.

PMID- 671299
TI  - Biochemical changes in sympathetic nerve terminals of cold-stressed rats
      [proceedings].

PMID- 671300
TI  - The effect of adrenalectomy on the movement of amino acids between the skeletal
      muscles and the blood [proceedings].

PMID- 671302
TI  - Therapeutic effect of 5-hydroxytryptamine antagonists on inherited muscular
      dystrophy in the chicken and hamster [proceedings].

PMID- 671301
TI  - Changes in plasma dopamine beta-hydroxylase activity induced by stimulation of
      the complete sympathetic outflow in the pithed rat.
AB  - 1. Plasma dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activity, noradrenaline tissue levels
      and blood pressure were monitored in the pithed rat following electrical
      stimulation of the complete sympathetic outflow of the spinal cord. Stimulation
      at 10 or 30 Hz evoked marked increases in mean blood pressure which averaged 121
      mmHg and were abolished by phenoxybenzamine. 2. Stimulation for 1 hr at 10 or 30
      Hz did not change the noradrenaline content of the spleen nor the catecholamine
      content of the adrenals, but the heart noradrenaline content was doubled. 3.
      Plasma DBH activity was increased by 27% after 1 hr stimulation at 30 Hz, but
      remained unchanged after stimulation at 10 Hz, or at 30 Hz in phenoxybenzamine
      treated rats. 4. We conclude that the pressor responses evoked by sympathetic
      nerve stimulation are due to the release of noradrenaline probably from
      adrenergic nerve terminals supplying the entire vasculature, and that acute
      alterations of circulating DBH activity are not dependent on the rate of
      catecholamine release evoked by direct electrical stimulation of sympathetic
      nerves in the whole pithed rat. The rat seems not to be a good model to study
      circulating noradrenaline and DBH levels as an index of exocytotic noradrenaline
      release from adrenergic neurones, and therefore of sympathetic activity.

PMID- 671303
TI  - Phagocytic properties of oligodendrocytes [proceedings].

PMID- 671304
TI  - Effect of 17beta-oestradiol priming on progesterone induced inhibition of fluid
      transport by male guinea-pig gall-bladder in vitro [proceedings].

PMID- 671305
TI  - Combined voltage-clamp and dialysis of Myxicola axons: behaviour of membrane
      asymmetry currents.
AB  - 4. A new technique for the simultaneous internal dialysis and voltage-clamp of
      Myxicola axons is described and shown to control the internal composition of the
      axon adequately. 2. The permeability ratio (PNa/PK) of the sodium channel is 15.5
      in axons dialysed with sodium-free solutions, somewhat higher than observed in
      perfused axons. 3. Asymmetry currents are easily recorded in dialysed Myxicola
      axons. At 4--5 degrees C for pulse durations sufficiently short Qon = Qoff with a
      maximum charge displacement of 10 nC/cm2 and half the charge being displaced by a
      step to -32 mV. Maximum slope of the Q(V) curve is 15 mV/e-fold change in charge
      displaced. The time constant tau on reaches a maximum of 325 microseconds at a
      potential of -23 mV. 4. The time course of sodium activation cannot be adequately
      accounted for by (Q/Q infinity) X using any single value of X for potentials
      between -40 and 40 MV. 5. Both asymmetry currents and INa are inactivated by the
      same amount when Myxicola axons are repetitively depolarized at frequencies from
      0.1 to 50 Hz.

PMID- 671306
TI  - The evolution of arthropod neurohormones [proceedings].

PMID- 671307
TI  - Evidence for two routes of potassium secretion by colonic epithelium
      [proceedings].

PMID- 671309
TI  - Direct measurement of local pressures in the cadaveric human hip joint
      [proceedings].

PMID- 671308
TI  - Sprouting and regression of neuromuscular synapses in partially denervated
      mammalian muscles.
AB  - 1. The capacity of motor units to sprout after partial denervation and the
      ability of regenerating axons to suppress newly formed sprouts was examined in
      mouse skeletal muscle. Most experiments were performed on the peroneus tertius
      muscle which has 300 muscle fibres and eleven motor units ranging in strength
      from 1 to 35% of the total muscle tension. 2. Individual units, regardless of
      starting size, were able to sprout by up to 5 times their normal size following
      interruption of one of the two spinal roots innervating the muscle. In practive
      this resulted in muscles which had three or more units left intact becoming
      completely innervated again within 12 days. The majority of the sprouts probably
      innervated the old denervated end-plate sites. In the absence of re-innervation
      by the severed motor axons the sprouts persisted. In peroneus tertius about 60%
      of the sprouts giving rise to end-plates arose terminally and 40% collaterally.
      In soleus almost all the sprouts were terminal. 3. Re-innervation of the muscle
      by the severed motor axons occurred, starting from 14 days onwards after a crush
      injury, 19 days onwards after a cut. Re-innervation occurred even in muscles
      which presumably had no remaining denervated muscle fibres at the time
      regenerating axons reached the muscle. The re-innervating fibres grew to the
      original end-plate sites. 4. Following re-innervation the size of sprouted motor
      units apparently decreased. Thus, after re-innervation of muscles with three or
      more sprouted motor units, the sprouted units no longer caused contraction of all
      the muscle. However, the normal state of the muscle was not restored and the
      sprouted units continued to innervate more muscle fibres than normal, returning
      axons less than normal, and a small percentage of muscle fibres (ca. 10%)
      remained functionally innervated by axons of both sorts. 5. It is concluded that
      (i) in the mouse, axonal sprouting is a rapid and efficient process for restoring
      innervation; (ii) re-innervation of already innervated fibres can occur if the
      regenerating axons can return to existing end-plate sites; (iii) some of the
      redundant innervation is removed or repressed. 6. Possible mechanisms of
      competition between axon terminals are considered.

PMID- 671310
TI  - On the mechanism of fatigue in articular cartilage [proceedings].

PMID- 671311
TI  - Influence of intermittent breathing on ventricular depolarization patterns in
      chelonian reptiles.
AB  - 1. Alterations between two quite distinct patterns of epicardial depolarization
      are associated with the normal occurrence of intermittent lung ventilation in
      both lightly anaesthetized and unrestrained, conscious turtles (Pseudemys
      scripta) and tortoises (Testudo graeca). 2. During apnoea depolarization sweeps
      from the left to the right over the ventricular surface at a conduction velocity
      of 0.15 m/sec. With the onset of lung ventilation the direction of depolarization
      propagation over the ventricle is reversed, and conduction velocity in the
      epicardium falls to 0.09 m/sec. 3. Vagal stimulation and acetylcholine produce a
      shift from the apnoea to the breathing pattern of depolarization in intact
      animals, while vagal sectioning and atropine abolish all shifts. Acetylcholine
      reduces conduction velocity but has no effect on the strength of contraction of
      isolated cardiac muscle strips from turtle hearts. Changes between the two
      patterns of ventricle depolarization are likely produced by vagal innervation of
      the rudimentary conduction system of the chelonian heart. 4. Experimental
      induction of the depolarization pattern of the ventricle normally evident during
      lung ventilation produces an improved separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated
      blood within the anatomically undivided chelonian ventricle. It is suggested that
      changes in ventricle depolarization patterns during intermittent lung ventilation
      may be an active component of the cardiovascular responses controlling
      intracardiac blood shunting in reptiles.

PMID- 671312
TI  - Respiratory water and heat loss in camels subjected to dehydration [proceedings].

PMID- 671313
TI  - Glucose transport in Malpighian tubules of Locusta [proceedings].

PMID- 671314
TI  - Factor analysis of the interaction of a number of variables that contribute to
      sodium excretion during acute changes in plasma sodium concentration in
      anaesthetized dogs [proceedings].

PMID- 671315
TI  - Neurones in cat gracile nucleus with both local and widefield inputs.
AB  - 1. Forty-three neurones were isolated in the cat gracile nucleus that could be
      driven by electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral forefoot or the contralateral
      hind food as well as having a normal low threshold localized receptive field on
      the ipsilateral hind limb. 2. Twenty-five (58%) of the cells were found to have
      axons projecting to the contralateral ventrobasal thalamus. 3. Most of the cells
      could only be driven from the 'widefield' receptive field on the forefoot or
      contralateral hindfoot by percutaneous electrical stimulation. 4. These results
      are discussed in the context of a model of the gracile nucleus in whick these
      occasional 'widefield' connexions are considered to be errors in connectivity
      which are not normally effective due to the patterns of excitation and inhibition
      in the normally functioning nucleus. 5. In this model, electrical stimulation is
      an abnormal type of stimulation that can drive cells through these erroneous
      connexions.

PMID- 671316
TI  - Dopamine receptor blockade in the rat kidney [proceedings].

PMID- 671317
TI  - Asymmetry of the hexose transfer system in human erythrocytes. Experiments with
      non-transportable inhibitors.
AB  - 1. The asymmetrical nature of sugar affinity for the hexose transfer system in
      human red cells has been demonstrated using purified 4,6-O-ethylidene-alpha-D
      glucopyranose (ethylidene glucose) to inhibit the exchange of glucose, 3-O-methyl
      glucose and galactose. 2. The half-saturation concentration for ethylidene
      glucose inside the cell is estimated at ca. 110 mM whereas on the outside the
      value for exchange inhibition is ca 11mM. 3. The asymmetrics of affinities of two
      related non-transportable inhibitors 1,2-O-isopropylidene-D-glucofuranose and
      methyl-2,3-di-O-methyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside have also been studied. 4. From
      experiments at varying concentrations and on theoretical grounds the half
      saturation concentration for non-transportable inhibitors on the outside surface
      is shown to be over-estimated by measuring inhibition of exchange. In consequence
      the actual asymmetry of affinities may be greater than observed. 5. Experiments
      with ethylidene glucose also suggest that conformational changes redistributing
      components of the hexose transfer system between inward and outward facing modes
      may occur.

PMID- 671318
TI  - Supraoptic and paraventricular units in hypothalamic slices incubated in iso- or
      hypertonic medium [proceedings].

PMID- 671319
TI  - Asymmetry of the hexose transfer system in human erythrocytes. Comparison of the
      effects of cytochalasin B, phloretin and maltose as competitive inhibitors.
AB  - 1. Cytochalasin B inhibits glucose transfer in human red cells. With glucose exit
      the inhibition is typically non-competitive, but hexose exchange is competitively
      inhibited. 2. At 16 degrees C the inhibitory constant for inhibition of 3-O
      methyl glucose exchange is estimated at 1.1 X 10(-7) M while that for inhibition
      of glucose exit is 5.0 X 10(-7) M. 3. Uptake of labelled Cytochalasin B includes
      a saturable component which when correlated with the inhibition of exchange
      corresponds to a maximal binding of ca. 2.4 X 10(5) molecules per cell. 4. The
      kinetic parameters are compared with those for maltose (a competitive inhibitor
      acting on the outside only) and phloretin (an inhibitor acting both inside and
      out). 5. Kinetic evidence suggests that Cytochalasin B reacts with the inside of
      the hexose transfer system and that the anomalous inhibitory characteristics are
      due to the chemical asymmetry of the system. Independent evidence in support of
      this view is discussed.

PMID- 671320
TI  - X-ray microanalysis of diffusible ions in rat brain [proceedings].

PMID- 671322
TI  - Parkinsonian tremor: production of beats by the application of a rhythmic force
      [proceedings].

PMID- 671321
TI  - End-plate voltage noise during prolonged application of acetylcholine in cat
      tenuissimus muscle [proceedings].

PMID- 671323
TI  - Ionic currents in mammalian fast skeletal muscle.
AB  - 1. The double sucrose-gap technique has been applied to rat skeletal muscle
      fibres to study the ionic currents under voltage-clamp conditions. 2. The iliacus
      muscle was found to be of 'fast' type according to the characteristics of the
      twitch generated by an action potential. 3. Micro-electrode measurements have
      shown that the intracellular potential is under good control even when an inward
      current develops. 4. The components of an equivalent circuit with two time
      constants have been estimated from the records of the capacitive current. 5. In
      rat muscle, between 15 and 21 degrees C, inward and outward currents are similar
      to sodium and potassium currents found in frog muscle at lower temperature (1--3
      degrees C). 6. The inward current which depends on [Na]o and is abolished by
      tetrodotoxin is carried by sodium ions. Related to the mean value for the holding
      potential (-90.5 mV) this current reaches its maximum amplitude a +40 and +50 mV,
      reverses between +130 and +150 mV and its half inactivation occurs between +14
      and +22 mV. The effect of low doses of tetrodotoxin suggests that two components
      participate in the sodium current. 7. The delayed outward current which shows
      inactivation is divided in two components: (i) the fast has a linear
      instantaneous current-voltage relation and differs from the fast component of
      frog muscle in that its equilibrium potential is more negative than the resting
      potential; (ii) the slow has a linear instantaneous current-voltage relation and
      the mean value for its equilibrium potential is 26 mV less negative than the
      resting potential. 8. Inward-going rectification is present in rat muscle.

PMID- 671324
TI  - The action of catecholamines on the isolated hemisected spinal cord of the
      immature rate [proceedings].

PMID- 671325
TI  - Enhancement of human elbow tremor by muscle vibration [proceedings].

PMID- 671326
TI  - Effects of cutaneous stimulation on neurones in the substantia gelatinosa Rolandi
      of the cat [proceedings].

PMID- 671327
TI  - The sensitization of cutaneous nociceptors by spread from a nearby injury and its
      blockade by local anaesthesia [proceedings].

PMID- 671329
TI  - Changes in retinal S-potentials of fish (roach) following brief laser beam
      irradiation [proceedings].

PMID- 671328
TI  - The effect of ouabain on noradrenaline output from peripheral adrenergic neurones
      of isolated guinea-pig vas deferens.
AB  - 1. The effect of ouabain on the noradrenaline output from peripheral adrenergic
      neurones has been studied using isolated guinea-pig vasa deferentia.2. Exposure
      to ouabain (10(-4)M) causes a gradual increase in the noradrenaline output. The
      effect occurs after a delay of 20 min and reaches a maximum during the period
      from 40-60 min.3. In the absence of external Ca, exposure to ouabain fails to
      produce an increase in the noradrenaline output. However, the reintroduction of
      Ca (2.5 mM) after a 1 hr exposure to ouabain in Ca-free media causes a rapid rise
      in noradrenaline output which reaches a maximum within the first 20 min.4. After
      a 1 hr exposure to a low concentration of ouabain (10(-5)M) the reintroduction of
      Ca is almost ineffective in increasing the noradrenaline output. When the
      concentration of ouabain is increased, the reintroduction of Ca becomes effective
      and causes a maximum effect with 10(-4)M ouabain. In the presence of a constant
      amount of ouabain (10(-4)M) the noradrenaline output induced by the
      reintroduction of Ca increases over the range 0.2-2.5 mM.5. In the presence of
      ouabain (10(-4)M) the Ca-induced noradrenaline output increases in a linear
      fashion with increasing Na concentrations from 25 to 143 mM, as long as NaCl is
      replaced with equimolar choline chloride or isotonic sucrose.6. In the presence
      of the lowest effective concentration of sodium (25 mM) the noradrenaline output
      induced by the reintroduction of Ca after a 1 hr exposure to ouabain is
      potentiated by LiCl. However, in the complete absence of Na(+) ions, there is no
      Li-dependent increase in the Ca-induced noradrenaline output.7. It is suggested
      that ouabain may cause an increase in noradrenaline output by an effect on the Na
      dependent Ca influx system.

PMID- 671330
TI  - Afferent connexions of hyperstriatum ventrale in the chick brain [proceedings].

PMID- 671331
TI  - A transient release of potassium mediated by the action of substance P on rat
      parotid slices.
AB  - Substance P (a peptide of eleven amino acids) caused a Ca-dependent release of K+
      from rat parotid slices. The response to substance P differed from the alpha
      adrenergic and the cholinergic responses in that it was transient, of smaller
      extent, and was not inhibited by phentolamine and atropine. Substance P caused
      little, if any, amylase secretion. Successive additions of the peptide to the
      slice system maintained the effect of C+ release indicating that the transient
      response to a single addition of the peptide was due to inactivation of substance
      P and not due to a decline in the response of the tissue.

PMID- 671332
TI  - Influence of centrally active drugs on the McCollough effect [proceedings].

PMID- 671333
TI  - The half-lives of angiotensin II, angiotensin II-amide, angiotensin III, Sar1
      Ala8-angiotensin II and renin in the circulatory system of the rat.
AB  - 1. Methods are described for estimating the half-life of angiotensin analogues
      and renin in the rat, from the time course of the blood pressure changes they
      evoke. 2. The following half-life values were measured: angiotensin II, 16 +/- 1
      sec; angiotensin III, 14 +/- 1 sec; angiotensin II-amide, 15 +/- 1 sec; Sar1-Ala8
      angiotensin II, 6.4 +/- 0.6 min; renin, 3.0 +/- 0.4 min. The distribution volume
      of angiotensin was found to be 18 ml./kg body wt. 3. It is inferred that the Asp1
      residue does not reduce the rate of angiotensin II catabolism, but that
      substitution of this residue by sarcosine may inhibit catabolism while
      substitution by asparagine has no effect. 4. Five experimental criteria were
      identified which indicate that these methods give reliable estimates of the half
      life. It is suggested that these results are more accurate than most previous
      half-life estimates. 5 When tachyphylaxis to angiotensin II-amide occurs, the
      pressor activity of the plasma is not reduced.

PMID- 671334
TI  - Effects of visual experience on unit responses in hyperstriatum of chick brain
      [proceedings].

PMID- 671335
TI  - Comparison of frontal and lateral visual acuity of the pigeon, under behavioural
      fixation [proceedings].

PMID- 671336
TI  - Long-chain alcohols (C10-C12) can block nerve impulses [proceedings].

PMID- 671337
TI  - Perikaryal size of cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus and amblyopia in cats
      reared with convergent squint [proceedings].

PMID- 671338
TI  - Selective inhibition of distant afferent input to lamina 4 and 5 cells in cat
      dorsal spinal cord [proceedings].

PMID- 671339
TI  - Effect of lower body negative pressure on human muscle nerve sympathetic
      activity.
AB  - 1. Recordings of multi-unit sympathetic activity were made from muscle branches
      of the median nerve in five healthy subjects during application of lower body
      negative pressure (l.b.n.p.). Simultaneous recordings of arterial blood pressure
      were made in four subjects. The strength of the neural activity was quantitated
      by counting the number of pulse synchronous sympathetic bursts and their
      amplitudes in the mean voltage neurogram.2. The general appearance of the
      sympathetic activity in pulse synchronous bursts was similar during control
      periods and during l.b.n.p., but during l.b.n.p. there was always an increase in
      the number of sympathetic bursts and usually also in the mean voltage amplitude
      of the bursts.3. The probability of occurrence of a burst was correlated to
      different blood pressure parameters of individual heart beats and both during
      control periods and during l.b.n.p. there was regularly a close negative
      correlation to diastolic, a low correlation to systolic, an intermediate negative
      correlation to mean and a positive correlation to pulse pressures.4. The changes
      in arterial blood pressure during l.b.n.p. were small and in most cases
      statistically insignificant. The observed increases in the number of sympathetic
      bursts during l.b.n.p. were significantly greater than what could be expected on
      the basis of the blood pressure changes.5. The findings suggest that the reflex
      control from the arterial baroreceptors is maintained during l.b.n.p. but, since
      the increase of sympathetic activity during l.b.n.p. could not be explained by a
      change in stimulation of the arterial baroreceptors, influence from other
      receptor groups (presumably intrathoracic volume receptors) must also have
      occurred.

PMID- 671341
TI  - The lanthanum technique and its use in measuring calcium ion fluxes
      [proceedings].

PMID- 671340
TI  - Factors affecting the utilization of ketone bodies and other substrates by rat
      jejunum: effects of fasting and of diabetes.
AB  - 1. The utilization of some metabolic fuels has been measured in vitro in a
      preparation of rat jejunum to which the substrates were supplied via the
      perfusate flowing through the vascular bed. 2. In jejunum from 48 hr-fasted rats,
      the combined rates of utilization of 1 mM-acetoacetate and 2mM-D-3
      hydroxybutyrate are similar to that of 7.5 mM-glucose. 3. The utilization of
      glucose is reduced in jejunum from animals fasted for 48 hr (45--63% reduction)
      and also from animals after 3--6 days of diabetes induced by streptozotocin (29%
      reduction). The addition of ketone bodies or of Na-oleate to the vascular
      perfusate does not reduce the utilization of glucose by the jejunum of either fed
      or 48 hr fasted rats. 4. Ketone bodies in the vascular perfusate reduce the
      oxidation of glucose by the jejunum of fed rats. In the jejunum of 48 hr-fasted
      rats, ketone bodies completely inhibit the oxidation of glucose so that all the
      glucose utilized by the tissue is converted to lactate. 5. The findings are
      discussed in relation to other work and it is concluded that substrates for the
      oxidative metabolism of the jejunum of fasted rats are likely to be ketone
      bodies, glutamine and fatty acids; at the same time the utilization of glucose is
      reduced and its oxidation completely abolished.

PMID- 671342
TI  - The response properties of the steady antagonistic surround in the mudpuppy
      retina.
AB  - 1. The graded response of bipolar and ganglion cells to test flashes at the
      receptive field centre, spans only a limited portion of the test intensity
      domain: more than 90% of the graded response range can be elicited by test
      flashes differing by less than 100 to 1. 2. In the presence of steady
      illumination of the receptive field surround, the absolute levels of log test
      intensities required to elicit 90% of the graded response are increased (reset),
      but the relation in (1) still applies. 3. Each point in the receptive field
      surround, when illuminated, contributes to the resetting of the required centre
      test flash intensities by a weighing that decreases exponentially with distance
      from the centre. The space constant is 0.25 mm. 4. When the receptive field
      surround is fully covered with illumination, the centre test flash intensities
      required to elicit 90% of the response range must be increased by about tenfold
      for each tenfold increase in surround intensity over a surround intensity domain
      of about 1000 to 1. 5. The absolute levels of surround and required centre test
      intensities are inter-related: when the receptive field surround is fully
      covered, a test flash with intensity equal to that of the surround elicits a half
      maximal response. Thus, in the presence of a full field background, the bipolar
      potential is held near its half-maximum response potential. 6. The graded
      resetting of the required centre test flash intensities is well correlated with
      the graded increase in horizontal cell response as the surround intensity and
      area are varied. It is inferred that units with response and receptive field
      properties like those of the horizontal cells, when driven by surround
      illumination, act as interneurones to reset the relationship between required
      test flash intensity and response in bipolar and ganglion cells.

PMID- 671343
TI  - A non-phosphate-buffered physiological saline for in vitro electrophysiological
      studies on the mammalian neuromuscular junction [proceedings].

PMID- 671344
TI  - Reversal of 6-hydroxydopamine-induced hypotension in the rat without activation
      of the renin-angiotensin system.
AB  - 1. Male Wistar rats were housed individually in glass metabolic cages for 5 days
      during which time their food and water intakes reached plateau levels and they
      developed a significant systolic arterial hypertension. 2. After the initial 5
      day period, systolic blood pressure and water and electrolyte balances were
      measured for 4 days before and 7 days after I.P. injection of 6-hydroxydopamine
      (100 mg/kg). In a separate experiment, plasma renin activity and glomerular
      filtration rate were measured 1 and 3 days after injection of 6-hydroxydopamine.
      Haematocrit, plasma volume, osmolality and plasma concentrations of glucose,
      sodium, potassium and protein were also measured at intervals after treatment. 3.
      Systolic blood pressure fell within 24 hr after treatment with 6-hydroxydopamine
      but was restored to pretreatment levels within 7 days. There was also a transient
      fall in glomerular filtration rate. 4. Plasma volume was significantly expanded
      on the first day after treatment and there was a fall in haemotocrit together
      with changes in plasma constituents indicative of a haemodilution, although
      plasma glucose levels were elevated. 5. There was a significant water retention
      on the third, fourth and fifth days after treatment but this was not accompanied
      by any measurable sodium retention and could not be attributed to renal
      compensation. Furthermore, plasma renin activity showed no significant change
      following 6-hydroxydopamine treatment. 6. It is suggested that the return of
      systolic blood pressure to pre-treatment levels was chiefly due to the return of
      vasoconstrictor function. The changes in plasma composition and volume were
      probably due to a fall in capillary hydrostatic pressure and an increase in the
      osmolality of extracellular fluid due to the elevated glucose levels.

PMID- 671345
TI  - The febrile responses in rabbits and rats to leucocyte pyrogens of different
      species.
AB  - 1. We have investigated the effects on body temperature of rats and rabbits of
      leucocyte pyrogen derived from the blood of rat, rabbit, ox, pig and baboon. 2.
      In the rabbit intravenous injections (3.5 ml.) of solutions containing leucocyte
      pyrogen derived from ox, pig and rabbit blood produced fevers with short
      latencies; no fevers resulted from injections of similar solutions derived from
      rat or baboon blood. 3. In the rat intraperitoneal injections (2.0 ml.) of
      solutions containing leucocyte pyrogen derived from ox blood caused a fever,
      while pig leucocyte pyrogen produced a marked hypothermia. Neither rabbit,
      baboon, nor rat leucocyte pyrogen had any significant effect on rectal
      temperature of the rats. 4. Our results show that there is a variability of
      response in the rat and the rabbit to injection of leucocyte pyrogen of different
      species; leucocyte pyrogen may be species specific.

PMID- 671346
TI  - Effects of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide on intestinal absorption and blood
      flow.
AB  - 1. Intestinal absorption and blood flow in anaesthetized dogs was determined
      after I.V. infusion of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) (1.75-175 ng/min)
      to determine the contribution of the cardiovascular changes to transport. 2. 22Na
      and 3H2O were utilized to determine the unidirectional fluxes of Na and H2O from
      saline perfused through the ileal lumen and the clearances of 3H2O were used to
      determine total and absorptive site blood flow. 3. Net Na and H2O absorption were
      reversed to secretion by VIP at 175 ng/min due to a significant decrease in
      unidirectional absorptive fluxes and smaller increases in secretory fluxes. 4.
      Arterial pressure and absorptive site blood flow were reduced in proportion to
      the changes in Na and H2O fluxes. 5. Total and absorptive site blood flow
      decreased and the blood flow resistances increased. 6. Prior treatment with
      guanethidine to suppress sympathetic effects did not greatly affect the responses
      to VIP. Prior treatment with atropine to suppress cholinergic effects inhibited
      most of the effects of VIP. 7. Absorptive site blood flow was linearly related to
      absorptive fluxes of Na and H2O but with different slopes for results from
      atropinized dogs as compared to those from dogs given VIP alone or VIP plus
      guanethidine. 8. It was concluded that VIP reduces gut absorption through a
      generalized cardiovascular effect and also through a mechanism which depends on
      the release of ACh by the gut.

PMID- 671347
TI  - Antidipsogenic effect of intracranial injections of substance P in rats.
AB  - 1. The effect on water intake of intracranial injections of Substance P was
      studied in the rat. 2. Substance P strongly inhibited drinking elicited by
      Angiotensin II, Carbachol water deprivation or sodium chloride load, in that
      order. 3. The peptide was particularly effective when water intake was induced by
      injections of Angiotensin II into the preoptic area. In these experiments,
      drinking was inhibited by doses of Substance P as low as 1 ng. 4. The results
      suggest that in the rat Substance P may play a role in the brain in the
      regulation of water intake, acting as a thirst inhibitor.

PMID- 671348
TI  - Sensitization and habituation of dorsal horn cells in cats.
AB  - 1. Extracellular recordings were obtained from spinal dorsal horn cells in
      acutely spinalized cats anaesthetized with sodium pentobarbitone. The dorsal horn
      cells studied responded to ipsilateral tactile stimulation of the central pad of
      the hind foot. Eleven short latency dorsal horn cells driven by electrical
      stimulation of the foot pad were studied intensively; these short latency dorsal
      horn cells all discharged within 1.5 msec of the arrival of an afferent volley at
      the dorsal root entry zone. Electrode tip sites were histologically verified to
      lie near the medial border of the dorsal horn in the seventh lumbar segment, in
      Rexed's laminae III and IV. 2. Electrical stimulation of the foot pad not only
      activated the dorsal horn cells studied, but also produced a reflex discharge
      which was monitored by recording from the ipsilateral first sacral ventral root,
      which had been sectioned intradurally and mounted on bipolar recording
      electrodes. Repeated stimulation of the foot pad at moderate intensities and
      frequencies (e.g. three times threshold for the ventral root response at 5 Hz)
      typically produced a transitory increase in the magnitude of the reflex discharge
      (sensitization) followed by a marked waning of the reflex magnitude
      (habituation). Within a few minutes following cessation of stimulation, the
      reflex magnitude returned to its prestimulation value. During repeated bouts of
      five hundred stimuli each, at frequencies from 1.0 to 10.0 Hz, and intensities
      1.5-10.0 times reflex threshold, the firing pattern of a short latency dorsal
      horn cell was monitored along with the magnitude of the ventral root response.
      Changes in response patterns of the dorsal horn cells were compared to those of
      the reflex discharges. 3. The short latency dorsal horn cells fell into two
      distinct patterns of response. The firing pattern of six dorsal horn cells
      paralleled the response pattern of the reflex discharge; when the reflex
      increased in magnitude, each of these dorsal horn cells increased in number of
      responses per stimulus; when the reflex discharge decreased in magnitude, each of
      these dorsal horn cells decreased the number of responses per stimulus. These
      dorsal horn cells were characterized by the following: intermediate thresholds to
      tactile stimulation, comparable to that of the reflex discharge itself;
      relatively low numbers of responses per stimulus (mean: 1.3/stimulus); low
      spontaneous activity rates (once per 10 sec or less). 4. The firing patterns of
      the other class of short latency dorsal horn cells did not parallel the response
      pattern of the reflex discharge; these showed only a rather rapid, though
      moderate, decrease in responses per stimulus over the entire range of intensities
      and frequencies tested. These five dorsal horn cells were characterized by the
      following: thresholds of tactile stimulation considerably below that of the
      reflex discharge itself; bursts of responses following each stimulation (mean:
      7...

PMID- 671349
TI  - The pattern of stimulated breathing in man during non-elastic expiratory loading.
AB  - 1. The pattern of breathing expressed as the relationship between tidal volume
      and the components of breath interval was studied in normal subjects during CO2
      rebreathing, both under unloaded conditions and following the introduction of a
      non-elastic expiratory resistance. 2. Under unloaded conditions end-expiratory
      thoracic gas volume (FRC) measured plethysmographically did not alter during the
      course of the rebreathing experiment. Maximum tidal volume attained (VT, max.)
      was equal to or just less than the inspiratory capacity of the subject measured
      at rest. Expiratory reserve volume was not encroached upon even at the highest
      levels of ventilation. 3. Under loaded conditions the pattern of breathing was
      altered. VT, max. was diminished in all subjects and FRC showed a progressive
      rise during rebreathing which was proportional to the resistive load afforded by
      the artificial resistance. There were no consistent differences in the components
      of breath duration either at rest or on maximal ventilatory stimulation between
      the loaded and unloaded states. 4. It is suggested that the pattern of breathing
      adopted under conditions of expiratory non-elastic loading is influenced more by
      the secondary effects of breathing at an elevated lung volume, than by the effect
      of the non-elastic load per se.

PMID- 671350
TI  - Conductance increases produced by glycine and gamma-aminobutyric acid in lamprey
      interneurones.
AB  - 1. Conductances of individual neurones in the isolated lamprey spinal cord were
      measured with separate intracellular electrodes for recording potentials and for
      passing current pulses during application of glycine or GABA (0.1-1.0 MM) in Ca
      free bathing fluid. Large, reversible increases in conductance were produced in
      giant interneurones by both amino acids, but Muller axons and sensory dorsal
      cells were unaffected. 2. Conductance increases produced by glycine and by GABA
      were selective for Cl. Both conductance increases were linearly related to
      external Cl concentrations and repeated exposure to the amino acids in Cl-free
      fluid progressively reduced the conductance increases to less than 1% of their
      values in normal Cl. 3. Strychnine was a competitive antagonist of glycine, while
      GABA was antagonized competitively by bicuculline and non-competitively by
      picrotoxin. 4. The sensitivity of giant interneurones to glycine and GABA
      increased at low temperatures, in Na-free fluid, and after repeated exposure to
      the amino acids. Sensitization may have been produced by inhibition of uptake
      mechanisms for glycine and GABA in the spinal cord. 5. Discharges of
      interneurones recorded extracellularly were inhibited by bath-applied glycine and
      GABA, but directly elicited action potentials of axons were unaffected.
      Strychnine and Cl-free fluid in the presence of Ca produced seizures in lamprey
      spinal cord. 6. The conclusions of these experiments are that different receptors
      for glycine and for GABA are present on giant interneurones, that glycine is the
      better candidate for an inhibitory transmitter in the lamprey spinal cord, and
      that GABA produces effects similar to those which have been well studied in
      arthropod muscle.

PMID- 671351
TI  - Mechanism of slow discharges of sheep carotid artery.
AB  - 1. Single and double sucrose-gap methods were used to follow changes in membrane
      potential and conductance of smooth muscle of sheep carotid arteries. 2. K
      depolarization induced discharges lasting several seconds in various solutions
      containing Mn, or Mg, or Ca and procaine, sometimes with no other added cations
      and with only sulphate or ethanesulphonate as anions. 3. Membrane conductance
      usually rose substantially above resting level in the early part of these
      discharges, but fell towards resting level during the later part. 4. Large
      depolarizing currents caused porportionately less voltage displacement than small
      currents, and reduced voltage displacements induced by superimposed current
      pulses, even in Cl and HCO3 free solutions, indicating activation of K
      conductance by depolarization. 5. When procaine was added, or Ca replaced by Mn
      or Mg, conductance was lower both at rest and on depolarization, and the increase
      on depolarization often underwent slow inactivation which it never did in simple
      Ca containing solutions. 6. The results indicate that a slowly inactivated inward
      current dependent on Ca, Mn or Mg was largely responsible for the slow
      discharges, and that procaine, Mn or Mg assisted the discharges by reducing the
      normal rapid outward-rectifying K conductance and allowing it to inactivate on
      prolonged depolarization.

PMID- 671352
TI  - Intracellular electrical activity of canine and human gastric smooth muscle.
AB  - 1. Intracellular recordings were obtained from circular smooth muscle fibres of
      the canine fundus, corpus, antrum and pylorus as well as from the human corpus
      and antrum. 2. In the canine stomach, all regions of the stomach except the
      fundus exhibited spontaneous action potentials. 3. The spontaneous action
      potential consisted of an upstroke potential and a plateau potential. 4. There
      were regional differences in the configuration of the plateau potential. Corporal
      and antral smooth muscle did not normally spike during the plateau potential
      whereas terminal antral and pyloric muscle usually showed spikes on top of the
      plateau potential. Near the intermediate sphincter, there was a zone of
      transition in which oscillations in potential of variable amplitude were
      superimposed on the plateau potential. 5. The configuration of the action
      potential of the human stomach was similar to the configuration of the canine
      action potential when the same region of the stomach was compared. 6. The ionic
      dependence of the plateau potential was studied in canine stomach in an area
      where neither oscillations nor spikes occurred. 7. In calcium-free solution, all
      spontaneous activity stopped. D600 selectively suppressed the size of the plateau
      potential. 8. Sodium-deficient solution reduced the size of the plateau
      potential. 9. These results suggest that both calcium and sodium may be involved
      as current carriers in the generation of the plateau potential.

PMID- 671353
TI  - Modulation of canine antral circular smooth muscle by acetylcholine,
      noradrenaline and pentagastrin.
AB  - 1. The effects of acetylcholine, noradrenaline and pentagastrin on the action
      potential of canine antral circular muscle were determined using the
      intracellular micro-electrode technique. 2. Acetylcholine increased the amplitude
      and duration of the plateau potential of the action potential. Since these
      effects were blocked by atropine but not by hexamethonium, the effects of
      acetylcholine were on muscarinic receptors, probably located on the smooth muscle
      cell. 3. Pentagastrin 2 x 10(-10) M increased the size of the plateau potential
      and the frequency of the action potential; pentagastrin 1 x 10(-9) M increased
      the frequency of the action potential complex and produced a marked diastolic
      depolarization between action potentials. The effect on the size of the plateau
      potential was biphasic. The amplitude and half-time duration of the plateau
      potential increased in the first 3 min, but thereafter, during steady-state
      conditions, they were the same as or slightly greater than those obtained in
      Krebs solution. 4. All the effects produced by pentagastrin were due to a direct
      action on the smooth muscle cell. 5. Noradrenaline decreased the size of the
      plateau potential but increased its frequency; high concentrations (greater than
      10(-5) M) additionally produced a diastolic depolarization between action
      potentials. These effects were mediated primarily by alpha-adrenoceptors
      presumably located on the smooth muscle cell. 6. It was concluded that the
      substances studied primarily alter the size of the plateau potential in antral
      circular muscle. Since phasic contractions are associated with the plateau
      potential, it is suggested that agents which increase the size of the plateau
      potential increase the force of the contraction whereas agents which decrease the
      size of the plateau potential have the opposite effect.

PMID- 671354
TI  - Ouabain and regulation of cellular volume in freshly prepared slices of rabbit
      renal cortex.
AB  - 1. Changes in the water and ion contents of rabbit renal cortical slices, which
      had been bathed, immediately after slicing, in air-equilibrated media at room
      temperature ('freshly prepared slices'), were followed during subsequent
      incubation at 25 degrees C in oxygenated media of the same composition as the
      initial bathing medium. 2. In comparison with conventional 'equilibrated' slices
      (slices incubated at 25 degrees C in oxygenated ordinary medium immediately after
      slicing) these 'freshly prepared' slices had increased tissue water, sodium and
      chloride contents and low tissue potassium contents. 3. Control freshly prepared
      slices incubated at 25 degrees C in oxygenated ordinary medium recovered within 4
      min to the tissue water content that is usual for rabbit renal cortical slices
      incubated in oxygenated ordinary medium at 25 degrees C. Freshly prepared slices
      incubated at 25 degrees C in oxygenated media containing 1 mM-oubain took 75 min
      or more to recover to this usual tissue water content. Thus the presence of 1 mM
      oubain in both bathing and incubation media produced a marked inhibition of the
      volume recovery observed when freshly prepared slices are incubated in oxygenated
      media at 25 degrees C. 4. Reduction of the ouabain concentration reduced the
      inhibition of cell volume recovery. 5. Replacement of medium glucose by 3-O
      methylglucose did not inhibit cell volume recovery in the absence of ouabain. 6.
      The oxygen consumptions of slices that were bathed and incubated in 1 mM-ouabain
      media were similar to those of slices initially bathed and incubated in ouabain
      free media and then incubated in ouabain media. Thus the effect of ouabain in
      inhibiting cell volume recovery was unlikely to be secondary to inhibition of
      cellular energy production. 7. The tissue potassium content of slices incubated
      aerobically in 1 or 10 mM ouabin fell to an apparently stable value of
      approximately 100 m-mole/kg dry wt., which corresponds to a calculated
      concentration ratio of 10:1 across the cellular membrane, suggesting that some
      residual potassium uptake may still have been occurring. 8. These results
      indicate that in freshly prepared rabbit renal cortical slices ouabain-sensitive
      mechanisms play a major role in cell volume recovery. They are not in accord with
      the postulate that renal cortical cells possess a separate ouabain-insensitive
      mechanism regulating cell volume.

PMID- 671355
TI  - Effects of ouabain and potassium-free media on cellular volume regulation in rat
      renal cortical slices.
AB  - 1. Changes in water and ion contents of rat renal cortical slices were followed
      over 4 hr incubation at 25 degrees C in potassium-free media and media with
      ouabain. Slices that lost potassium more rapidly swelled earlier. 2. Greater
      swelling with lower tissue potassium contents was also observed in slices
      preincubated and leached in potassium-depleting media and in slices incubated in
      lithium medium with 10 mM-ouabain and in potassium-free lithium medium with 10 mM
      ouabain. 3. This swelling associated with potassium depletion was also observed
      when slices were incuabted in media where the substrate was malate in place of
      glucose. 4. No distinct fall in the oxygen consumption of potassium-depleted
      slices was detected during the period in which slices commenced swelling. 5.
      These results suggest that the swelling observed in potassium-depleted rat renal
      cortical slices is unlikely to be secondary to inhibition of cellular energy
      production.

PMID- 671356
TI  - Evidence of active sodium transport in the visceral yolk sac of the rat in vitro.
AB  - 1. Na transport has been studied in the isolated rat visceral yolk sac from day
      17.5 of gestation to term. 2. The transepithelial potential difference (p.d.) and
      the short circuit current (s.c.c.) in the isolated yolk sac were found to vary
      with gestational age, with peak values at day 19.5. The maximal p.d. and s.c.c.
      were 3.85 +/- 0.32 mV (the fetal side positive) and 19.5 +/- 5.3 microamperemeter
      cm-2 respectively. 3. Simultaneous determination of the two-way Na+ flux and the
      s.c.c. revealed a preferential active movement of Na in the maternal to fetal
      direction. The net flux was found to be 50% higher than the s.c.c. 4. Both the
      p.d. and the s.c.c. were found to be reduced by cooling and by the uncoupling
      agent 2,4-dinitrophenol. 5. The s.c.c. altered in a curvilinear fashion with the
      Na+ concentration in the bathing solution, with an apparent Km of about 20 mM
      Na+. Removing Cl ions from the bathing solutions had no effect on the p.d. and
      s.c.c. 6. Addition of amiloride (10(-4) M) to either side of the visceral yolk
      sac had no effect on the s.c.c. but application of ouabain (10(-5) M) to the
      fetal side caused a profound fall in the s.c.c. 7. The possible physiological
      role of this active Na transport by the visceral yolk sac in the formation of
      amniotic fluid is discussed.

PMID- 671357
TI  - Properties of intraoral mechanoreceptors represented in the mesencephalic nucleus
      of the fifth nerve in the cat.
AB  - 1. The activity of neurones in the mesencephalic nucleus of the fifth nerve that
      respond to forces applied to the teeth were recorded using extracellular
      microelectrodes; the properties of these neurones have been studied. 2.
      Electrophysiological evidence consistent with the view that primary afferent
      intraoral mechanoreceptor fibres have their cell bodies in the trigeminal
      mesencephalic nucleus is presented. 3. Two groups of intraoral mechanoreceptor
      neurones were found. The first group, the periodontal mechanoreceptor neurones,
      which have been described by previous workers, responded to electrical
      stimulation of the ipsilateral superior or inferior dental nerves and to forces
      applied to single teeth in the ipsilateral maxilla or mandible respectively. The
      response characteristics of the mesencephalic periodontal mechanoreceptor
      neurones differed in two respects from those observed in peripheral nerve studies
      by previous workers: (a) there were no spontaneously active neurones, and (b)
      there were no neurones that responded for over 10 sec to a sustained application
      of a suprathreshold mechanical stimulus to the teeth. The second group, not
      described before, responded to electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral palatine
      nerve, and responded to forces applied to all the teeth in the maxillary arch,
      both contralateral and ipsilateral as well as to forces applied to the nose and
      hard palate. The site of these receptors is unknown. They have been termed 'Type
      P' intraoral mechanoreceptors. 4. The recording sites of both the periodontal and
      Type P mechanoreceptor neurones were all situated in the caudal part of the
      mesencephalic nucleus of the fifth nerve.

PMID- 671358
TI  - Inhibitory action of dopamine on cat carotid chemoreceptors.
AB  - 1. The influence of some drugs which affect the dopaminergic system was studied
      on chemosensory responses to dopamine (DA), acetylcholine (ACh), sodium cyanide
      NaCN) and hypoxia during experiments on pentobarbitone anaesthetized cats in
      which chemoreceptor activity was recorded from the peripheral end of a sectioned
      sinus nerve. 2. Spontaneous chemosensory activity was inhibited in a dose
      dependent manner by DA (0.5-5 microgram, I.A.). Higher doses (10-50 microgram)
      caused a delayed increase in discharge and were associated with inconsistent
      inhibitory responses. 3. The DA antagonist alpha-flupenthixol (0.2 mg/kg, I.A.)
      blocked the inhibitory response to DA without affecting either the spontaneous
      discharge frequency or the response to ACh. The effect of NaCN was potentiated,
      and during hypoxia chemoreceptor activity increased more rapidly, although the
      maximum frequency attained was not appreciably different from control values.
      Similar results were obtained with haloperidol (0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg, I.V.). 4.
      Higher doses of alpha-flupenthixol (0.5-1.0 mg/kg, I.A.) increased spontaneous
      chemoreceptor activity, but this was regarded as a non-specific effect of the
      drug since at these doses the inhibitory effect of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) was
      also abolished. 5. The animals were exposed to alternate periods of hypoxia and
      hyperoxia following administration of the tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor alpha
      methyl p-tyrosine (AMPT, 0.2-10 mg/kg, I.A.). The inhibitory response previously
      evoked by amphetamine was abolished, and electron microscopic studies showed a
      great reduction in the number of dense-cored granules, both of which suggested
      that DA levels in the carotid body had been substantially reduced. Responses to
      NaCN and hypoxia were slightly potentiated following AMPT, but neither
      spontaneous activity nor the response to ACh was affected. 6. Apomorphine (0.05
      0.2 mg/kg, I.A.) inhibited the chemoreceptor discharge for up to 45 min, an
      effect which was antagonized by alpha-flupenthixol (0.2 mg/kg, I.A.), implying it
      resulted from DA receptor stimulation. Although responses to NaCN, hypoxia and
      higher doses of ACh were reduced following administration of apomorphine, the
      reduction was not very marked. 7. These results are not compatible with the
      theory of Osborne & Butler (1975), that in normoxia DA is tonically released in
      the carotid body and suppresses spontaneous chemosensory activity. 8. It is
      concluded that DA modulates chemosensory activity by influencing the rate of
      increase in discharge, without affecting maximum discharge frequency. The
      mechanism whereby DA is released in response to increased chemosensory activity
      remains to be established.

PMID- 671359
TI  - On the receptors involved in the nervous control of salivary secretion by
      Nauphoeta cinerea Olivier.
AB  - 1. It has been shown that the isolated salivary glands of Nauphoeta cinerea
      Olivier produce fluid secretion in response to nerve stimulation or bath
      applications of dopamine, noradrenaline, adrenaline and 5-HT. These
      catecholamines, of which dopamine is the most potent, evoked maximal responses
      matching that to nerve stimulation whereas 5-HT was less effective. 2. The
      receptors combining with 5-HT could be distinguished from those for the
      catecholamines and the transmitter at this salivary neuroglandular junction. 3.
      The results of experiments where glands were stimulated by dopamine in the
      presence of noradrenaline or adrenaline suggested that there are receptors with
      specific binding sites for dopamine. 4. The effects of several antagonists
      (Ginsborg, House & Silinsky, 1976) of the hyperpolarizing responses from acinar
      cells to nerve stimulation and the above agonists have been examined.
      Phentolamine reversibly suppressed the secretory responses to these stimuli
      whereas methysergide had no effect and ergometrine elicited fluid secretion in a
      dose-dependent manner.

PMID- 671360
TI  - Mammary function and its control at the cessation of lactation in the goat.
AB  - 1. The changes in mammary function following cessation of milking during
      declining lactation have been studied in conscious goats. 2. No significant
      changes in the rate of milk secretion, mammary blood flow or metabolism occurred
      in the first 24 h after cessation of milking. After then, secretory rate, mammary
      blood flow, oxygen consumption, glucose uptake and acetate uptake decreased
      markedly over the next 3 days. Up to the time of maximum udder distension on day
      3, there were no major changes in milk composition. 3. It was found that the rate
      of milk secretion declined when the calculated pressure within the alveoli became
      positive. 4. After 3 days, mammary volume and intramammary pressure decreased,
      and the composition of milk changed slowly to resemble that of extracellular
      fluid, i.e. [Na+], [Cl-], [HCO3-] and pH increased while [K+], [lactose] and
      [citrate] decreased. During this time [lactose] and [K+] were positively
      correlated, and [lactose] and [Na+], and [lactose] and [Cl-] negatively
      correlated. 5. It is suggested that the changes in milk composition, the
      decreases in mammary volume and in intramammary pressure after day 3 are due to
      the loss of integrity of the mammary epithelium. 6. By about 7 weeks after the
      cessation of milking the udder volume was less than the empty udder volume before
      milking was stopped, indicating a loss of mammary tissue as well as the
      resorption of fluid. 7. When milking of an autotransplanted gland was stopped,
      while milking of the control gland in situ was continued, the rate of secretion
      in the transplant fell while that of the control did not change. 8. In goats
      milked normally but in which a volume of isosmotic lactose equal to the volume of
      milk removed at that milking was injected into the lumen of one gland at each
      milking, the rate of secretion of that gland, but not that of the other,
      decreased.

PMID- 671361
TI  - Branched afferent nerves supplying tooth-pulp in the cat.
AB  - 1. Recordings have been made from nerve terminals in canine and third incisor
      teeth of cats. 2. Ninety-three tooth-pulp units in ten cats could be excited
      either by mechanical or electrical stimulation of adjacent mucous membrane or by
      electrical stimulation of the pulp of a nearby tooth. 3. Section of the
      trigeminal nerve centrally did not abolish these responses. 4. Results for twelve
      out of thirteen units tested with collision techniques indicated that the nerves
      were branched.

PMID- 671362
TI  - Evoked depolarizing and hyperpolarizing potentials in reticulospinal axons of
      lamprey.
AB  - 1. Intracellular recordings were made from reticulospinal axons (Muller axons) in
      the lamprey spinal cord. Electrical stimuli applied to the spinal cord surface
      elicited depolarizing and hyperpolarizing 'synaptic-like' potentials in Muller
      axons. The physiological basis of these evoked potentials was investigated. 2.
      The depolarizing response was not the result of increased extracellular K, as
      demonstrated by the constancy of the undershoot of the axonal action potential
      during the depolarization, by the failure of the response to summate during
      repetitive stimulation and by the failure of the response amplitude to vary as
      predicted when the [K] of the saline was varied. 3. When the membrane potential
      of the axon was varied by passing current through a micro-electrode, the
      amplitude of the depolarizing evoked potential decreased at membrane potentials
      positive to the resting potential and increased up to a maximum when the axon was
      hyperpolarized by about 10 mV. The extrapolated 'reversal potential' for the
      depolarizing response was about 15 mV positive to the normal -80 mV resting
      potential of the axon. However, the amplitude of the response did not continue to
      grow with hyperpolarizations greater than 10 mV, and, thus, the response did not
      behave as would a normal depolarizing synaptic potential. 4. Muller axons make
      numerous electrical synapses with spinal motoneurones and interneurones, and this
      suggested that the depolarizing response might be a coupling potential. In
      agreement with this idea, quantitative correspondence was found between changes
      in the input resistance of the axon produced by the depolarizing response and the
      variation in the depolarizing response amplitude. Thus, although the depolarizing
      response mimicked in some ways the behaviour of an excitatory synaptic potential,
      we conclude that it is a coupling potential. 5. The hyperpolarizing response also
      appeared to be a coupling potential. Its amplitude was not changed by
      hyperpolarizing the axon up to 30 mV and was decreased by depolarizing the axon
      sufficiently to decrease the axon's input resistance. 6. It is proposed that both
      depolarizing and hyperpolarizing evoked potentials in lamprey Muller axons are a
      result of passive flow of current from cells activated by the spinal cord
      stimulus and electrically coupled to Muller axons.

PMID- 671363
TI  - An intracellular study of dendrodendritic inhibitory synapses on mitral cells in
      the rabbit olfactory bulb.
AB  - 1. In the rabbit olfactory bulb, intracellular potentials were recorded from
      mitral cells and from neurones in the granule cell layer (g.c.l.) following
      lateral olfactory tract (l.o.t.) stimulation. 2. Most recordings from mitral
      cells showed large (5-21 mV) and prolonged (60-650 msec) i.p.s.p.s subseuqent to
      the antidromic spikes. These i.p.s.p.s decreased in amplitude and then reversed
      in polarity by progressive increase in hyperpolarizing current applied
      intracellularly. They were accompanied by a prominent and long lasting (up to 100
      msec) conductance increase of the mitral cell membrane. 3. Reversed i.p.s.p.s of
      mitral cells having quite different time courses from the original
      hyperpolarizing i.p.s.p.s suggest that the inhibitory synapses are widely
      distributed on the soma and dendrites. 4. E.p.s.p.s could be recorded from g.c.l.
      cells whose onset latency was approximately 0.6 msec shorter than that of mitral
      cell i.p.s.p.s. Comparison of the behaviour of e.p.s.p.s in g.c.l. cells and that
      of mitral cell i.p.s.p. under various conditions of l.o.t. stimulation suggests
      that these g.c.l. cells are the inhibitory interneurones mediating mitral cell
      inhibition. 5. The results support the hypothesis of dendrodentritic pathways for
      activation of granule cells and subsequent inhibition of mitral cells.

PMID- 671364
TI  - Activation and inhibition of olfactory bulb neurones by anterior commissure
      volleys in the rabbit.
AB  - 1. In the rabbit olfactory bulb, analysis has been carried out on intracellular
      potentials recorded from mitral cells and neurones in the granule cell layer
      (g.c.l. cells) in addition to the extracellular field potentials in the olfactory
      bulb elicited by anterior commissure (a.c.) stimulation. 2. Most mitral cell
      recordings showed i.p.s.p.s with latency of 7-11 msec following a.c. stimulation.
      These i.p.s.p.s were similar to those evoked by lateral olfactory tract (l.o.t.)
      stimulation in their sensitivity to internally applied current and showed
      asymmetrical reversal during application of the hyperpolarizing current. 3.
      Volleys in the a.c. elicited e.p.s.p.s in type 1 g.c.l. cells whose
      characteristics were in agreement with those of inhibitory interneurones inferred
      from the analyses of mitral cell i.p.s.p.s. It has been suggested that these type
      1 g.c.l. cells may be the common inhibitory interneurones (presumably granule
      cells) mediating both a.c.-evoked and l.o.t.-evoked i.p.s.p.s in mitral cells. 4.
      Conditioning a.c. stimulation depressed the test l.o.t.-evoked i.p.s.p.s in
      mitral cells and test l.o.t.-evoked e.p.s.p.s in type 1 g.c.l. cells. These
      observations are in good agreement with the hypothesis that l.o.t.-evoked
      i.p.s.p.s are mainly mediated by the dendrodendritic reciprocal synapses between
      mitral cell dendrites and peripheral processes of granule cells. 5. The results
      are discussed in relation to the inhibitory mechanisms controlling mitral cell
      activity in the olfactory bulb.

PMID- 671365
TI  - Albumin permeability of the peritubular capillaries in rat renal cortex.
AB  - 1. Two series of experiments were carried out to determine the permeability of
      the renal cortical peritubular capillaries to albumin under control conditions in
      the concentrating kidney and after an infusion of hypo-osmotic fluid amounting to
      6% body weight. 2. In the first series of these experiments the turnover of the
      interstitial albumin pool of the renal cortex was studied. Specifically, the mean
      transit time of albumin molecules from arterial plasma to renal lymph was
      measured in nine rats of each group. Mean values of 39.0 +/- 2.8 and 30.6 +/- 2.2
      (S.E. of mean) min were found for the control and infused groups, respectively.
      3. In the second series of experiments the interstitial distribution volume of
      plasma albumin in renal cortex was determined in twenty-three control and twenty
      two infused rats. Mean values of the extravascular distribution volumes were 1.66
      +/- 0.21 and 1.37 +/- 0.18 (S.E. of mean) microliter/100 mg tissue, respectively.
      4. The unidirectional clearance of albumin from the capillary to the interstitium
      in the control and infused groups, respectively, was calculated to be 7.1 +/- 1.0
      and 7.5 +/- 0.9 (S.E. of mean) ml. sec-1 10(-4) in 100 g cortical tissue. 5. For
      the reabsorbing surface of the peritubular capillaries in the renal cortex, a
      lower bound was calculated for sigma, the reflexion coefficient of albumin. The
      reflexion coefficient was found to be higher than 0.998 under both experimental
      conditions.

PMID- 671366
TI  - Effects of acetylcholine and parasympathetic nerve stimulation on membrane
      potential in quiescent guinea-pig atria.
AB  - 1. In quiescent preparations of guinea-pig right atria the action of ACh applied
      in the superfusion medium or released from parasympathetic nerve fibres was
      investigated by membrane potential measurements. 2. ACh-containing solutions
      induced hyperpolarizations which did not show desensitization. 3. The
      relationship between hyperpolarization amplitude (corrected for non-linear
      summation) and ACh concentration could formally be described by simple saturation
      kinetics with an apparent dissociation constant KACh = 1.3 x 10(-6) M. 4.
      Stimulation with impulses subthreshold for myocardial excitation induced a
      membrane hyperpolarization by releasing ACh from post-ganglionic parasympathetic
      nerve fibres. 5. The hyperpolarization reached maximum about 1 sec after the
      onset of stimulation. This slow development of hyperpolarization cannot be
      accounted for simply by diffusion from the site of release to the receptor site.
      6. The hyperpolarization declined exponentially with a time constant of about 3
      sec. In the presence of neostigmine (3 x 10(-6) M) the hyperpolarization lasted
      for 2 min or more. It is concluded that the action of ACh is primarily terminated
      by enzymic hydrolysis.

PMID- 671367
TI  - [Oxygen and carbon dioxide in ambient and biological media].

PMID- 671368
TI  - [The mechanisms of sensory transduction].

PMID- 671369
TI  - [Digestive motility and its neural regulation].

PMID- 671370
TI  - [Experimental hypertensions].

PMID- 671371
TI  - Changes in excretion of catecholamines and metabolites during acclimation to
      cold.

PMID- 671372
TI  - [The time course of the cerebral slow potential in man (author's transl)].

PMID- 671373
TI  - [Intracellular potassium concentration and membrane potentials in the rat liver
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 671374
TI  - Cognitive tempo in educable mentally retarded children.
AB  - The present study investigated the relationship of time and errors on the
      Matching Familiar Figures test to the mental age of 40 Caucasian male, educable
      mentally retarded (EMR) children. The children, who ranged in age from six to 18
      years, had intelligence test scores of less than 80, were exhibiting problems in
      adaptive behavior, and were all receiving special education services. An ANOVA
      revealed that with increasing mental age, elapsed time to first response
      increased and errors decreased, thus indicating a mental age developmental
      decrease in impulsivity. For all subjects, time was inversely related to errors.
      The data suggest that the development of cognitive tempo in EMR children
      parallels that of nonhandicapped children.

PMID- 671375
TI  - Perceptions of ugliness in the mentally retarded.
AB  - Thirty male and female retarded adults were asked to draw a picture of a person
      and then to draw a picture of an ugly person, in order to determine whether
      broader facial features are a measure of ugliness (as found by McCullers and
      Staat). Additionally, measures of broadness of facial outline and body outline of
      the drawings were taken. Although there were no significant differences, there
      was a trend to exaggerate the drawing of the ugly person, and the rationale for
      this was discussed.

PMID- 671376
TI  - Personality correlates of suicidal tendency among Iranian and Turkish students.
AB  - Personality correlates of S s indicating suicidal intent have been found to be
      different from those of normals in a direction indicative of possible
      psychopathology. To test the cross-cultural relevance of this hypothesis, three
      samples of male and female students were administered Eysenck's extraversion,
      neuroticism, and psychoticism inventory: 209 Iranian and 128 Turkish university
      students and 101 Iranian high school students. S s were classified into
      "suicidal" and "normal" groups in each sample by means of a self-rating scale of
      suicide intent. Comparison of scores showed that irrespective of nationality and
      age, suicidals scored higher on neuroticism and psychoticism but lower on
      extraversion than their normal counterparts. Results suggest that personality
      correlates of suicidal tendency are rather similar despite differences in age and
      cultural background.

PMID- 671378
TI  - The relationship between fear and death and anxiety.
AB  - Studies examining fear of death and anxiety have consistently shown these
      constructs to be positively related. Although several measures of anxiety have
      been examined, fear of death has always been treated unidimensionally. The
      present research was an attempt to examine eight types of fear of death in
      relation to two types of anxiety. Questionnaire data were collected from 375 male
      and female undergraduates at a Mid-western university. Anxiety was measured by
      the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and fear of death by a factor analytic
      multidimensional scale. Significant correlations were found between seven of the
      eight fear of death dimensions and both measures of anxiety. Regression analysis
      showed fear of premature death and fear of the dead to be the most important
      death-related fears associated with anxiety.

PMID- 671377
TI  - Wave coherence in the human EEG.
AB  - The investigation is concerned with the phase coherence of human EEG's taken from
      the median plane of the scalp (N = about 125 male and female undergraduates).
      Manifestation of coherence was made by using scalp potentials of not less than a
      fixed value to trigger the sweep of a computer of average transients. Very
      coherent phase relationships were observed in the occipital region in the form of
      waves having a period of about 100 msec under a condition of bodily and mental
      relaxation and eyes closed. With eyes open and under a condition of motivated
      visual perception, wave coherence disappeared in nearly all S s. Coherence in the
      alpha frequency diminished as derivation moved toward the frontal region. In some
      S s, coherence was also noted for waves with a period of 55-60 msec, derived from
      the occipital region under condition of relaxation. In many individuals, coherent
      waves of this period were derived from the parietal, central, and frontal areas.

PMID- 671379
TI  - Reconstructing, recognizing, and reproducing object figures: a fixed order.
AB  - In this study it is hypothesized that there are three distinct levels of
      representation and that these levels are hierarchical. The hypothesis was tested
      by having 100 six-year old boys and girls represent one of the most basic Bender
      Gestalt figures. It was demonstrated that a representation of this figure through
      object reconstruction is prerequisite to recognizing the object figure from a
      collection of figures which in turn is prerequisite to representing the object
      figure using a pencil-and-paper reproduction.

PMID- 671380
TI  - Psycholinguistic analyses of coercive communications.

PMID- 671381
TI  - Developmental features of speech-sound production in language-impaired children.
AB  - The speech-sound production of severely language-impaired children was monitored
      in a longitudinal study. In order to generalize findings, acoustical, phonemic,
      and clinical observation data were collected from 30 children. Results showed
      that speech-sound acquisition goes through a hierarchical sequence of development
      and that speech-sound production will deteriorate in a predictable manner
      depending on the pathology. The authors hypothesize a speech-sound acquisition
      model, SSAM, based on the development observed.

PMID- 671382
TI  - Frontiers of surgery.

PMID- 671383
TI  - The district surgeon.

PMID- 671384
TI  - Surgical support of district hospitals by the East African Flying Doctor Service.

PMID- 671385
TI  - An appropriate technology for surgery in district hospitals.

PMID- 671386
TI  - Surgical treatment of aortoiliac occlusive disease.

PMID- 671387
TI  - Acute intestinal obstruction during pregnancy.

PMID- 671388
TI  - Lost intrauterine devices and their localization.
AB  - With the increasing popularity of intrauterine devices for contraception, an
      increase in the number of IUD-related complications has been observed. A common
      clinical problem is loss of marker strings at the external os. It could be due to
      translocation or unnoticed expulsion, both of which reduce the contraceptive
      effectiveness of the method. Even with the most scrupulous IUD insertion
      technics, uterine perforation is a recognized complication. Ectopic devices
      should be removed because extensive sepsis and adhesions between adjacent organs
      with subsequent bowel strangulation have been reported. Determining the location
      of the device is facilitated by flat plate X-rays of the abdomen,  hysterography,
      ultrasound or hysteroscopy. The best method of IUD removal depends upon its
      location, extent of adhesions and the experience of the operator.

PMID- 671389
TI  - Observations in perinatal heart rate monitoring. I. A quantitative method of
      describing baseline variability of the fetal heart rate.
AB  - Simultaneous magnetic tape recordings of fetal scalp ECG, maternal ECG and
      uterine contractions were obtained from 23 patients in active labor. Computer
      derived distributions of beat-to-beat changes were used to develop a simple
      numerical and graphical description of the long and short-term variability
      patterns. The visually observed variability may be described by the R-R interval
      change (beat-to-beat change), which is greater than 90% of the total number of
      beat-to-beat changes. Thus, the 90th percentile of R-R interval changes
      quantitatively describes the baseline variability. The variability may be
      classified as fixed, minimal, moderate or marked, based on this simple
      calculation. Graphs of cumulative percentage of R-R interval changes provide
      additional visual information. The effects of meperidine HCl on the observed
      variability were easily detected and visualized by these methods.

PMID- 671390
TI  - Educational responsibilities and resources of obstetrics and gynecology
      departments in 1975.
AB  - A survey of 108 departments of obstetrics and gynecology in United States medical
      schools was completed for 1975, and a statistical evaluation of their resources
      was made. The mean data showed that the student core clerkship had a duration of
      6.9 weeks and an enrollment of 17.8 students. The departments had 11.3 full-time
      faculty members, 69.5 obstetric beds and 56.9 gynecologic beds. There were 3,891
      deliveries, 1,846 minor gynecologic operations and 1,418 major gynecologic
      operations performed. These results should provide a data base upon which to
      compare the changes in departments in the future.

PMID- 671391
TI  - Aortic stenosis and pregnancy.
AB  - Pregnancy in patients with aortic stenosis results in a maternal mortality rate
      of 17.4% and perinatal mortality rate of 31.6%. Medical treatment, valve
      replacement and termination of pregnancy are the main modes of therapy. The
      number of cases reported in the literature is small, and the indications for
      selecting one method of management over the others have not been established. A
      case is presented that illustrate some of the difficulties encountered in the
      management of these patients.

PMID- 671392
TI  - Abnormal Papanicolaou smears found in victims of sexual assault.
AB  - Four women, at the time of treatment for rape, were concurrently found to have
      abnormal Papanicolaou (Pap) smears. It is suggested that all women who seek
      emergency care after sexual assault have Pap smears taken at that time if there
      is no record of a negative Pap smear within the preceding six months.

PMID- 671393
TI  - Recovery time from general anesthetics: a comparison of techniques.

PMID- 671394
TI  - Venous stasis retinopathy after long-standing menorrhagia.
AB  - It is uncommon for visual symptoms to be the initial presentation after long
      standing menorrhagia. In this case, menorrhagia secondary to leiomyomata gave
      rise to a severe iron deficiency anemia. A VSR followed that resolved quickly
      after transfusion. A hysterectomy was performed for definitive treatment.

PMID- 671396
TI  - Data-poor colleague.

PMID- 671395
TI  - Controversy of Ziel vs Kistner.

PMID- 671397
TI  - Metastasis to the vagina from carcinoma of the breast.
AB  - Carcinoma of the breast, metastatic to the ovary, is encountered frequently. The
      potential routes of dissemination include transcoelomic spread, lymphatic spread
      and vascular (arterial or venous) transportation. A case report of vaginal
      metastasis secondary to bilateral breast carcinoma is cited and the potential
      mechanisms for dissemination described.

PMID- 671398
TI  - Forceps operations in perspective. I. Midforceps rotation operations.
AB  - Four hundred fifty-eight consecutive midforceps rotation operations were
      evaluated with a specially designed Perinatal Morbidity Index (PMI) and Maternal
      Morbidity Index (MMI). An unfavorable fetal outcome occurred in 30.8% of the
      midforceps rotation operations, and an unfavorable maternal outcome occurred in
      13.5% of the cases. Twelve risk factors were found to be associated with
      suboptimal results. Among patients with no risk factors, an unfavorable fetal
      outcome occurred in 11% of the cases. Of the patients with three or more risk
      factors, in contrast, an unfavorable fetal outcome was found in 47% of the cases.
      A uniformly good fetal outcome was noted among patients selected as controls.
      Under ordinary circumstances, midforceps rotation operations should not be
      attempted in a patient already at significant risk. "Significant risk" is defined
      in the article.

PMID- 671399
TI  - An evaluation of intramuscular progesterone for the diagnosis of early pregnancy.

PMID- 671400
TI  - Medical management of the sexually assaulted woman.
AB  - Public concern about the sexual assault victim demands that the medical
      profession be better prepared to evaluate such patients. Modern guidelines for
      the medical evaluation and treatment of such victims are provided. A list of
      supplies for a "rape tray" and guidelines for obtaining laboratory tests are
      included. A detailed patient consent form and laboratory chain of evidence form
      will facilitate care. A plea is made for legislative support to pay for lab work
      and the establishment of state or national laboratories equipped to handle
      evidentiary material.

PMID- 671402
TI  - Patient's sources of information on coitus during pregnancy.
AB  - Obstetric patients were asked what sources they consulted for information about
      the advisability of coitus during pregnancy and what period of abstinence they
      inferred was proper from each. In general, the patients in the sample had
      incomplete information about these matters. A good indicator is that only 1 of
      the 17 patients in the sample had discussed them with her physician, and she did
      not know his recommendations.

PMID- 671401
TI  - The utility and selection of laboratory tests in the diagnosis of the polycystic
      ovary syndrome.
AB  - Fourteen patients with clinically diagnosed and surgically documented polycystic
      ovarian (Stein-Leventhal) disease (PCOD) and 16 normal control women were studied
      to identify the laboratory test or tests that, from the clinician's point of
      view, are most likely to aid in the nonsurgical diagnosis of the disease. A
      single random morning blood specimen was assayed in all cases for testosterone,
      epitestosterone, androstenedione, FSH and LH. The mean testosterone level for the
      PCOD patients was significantly greater (p less than 0.001) than that for the
      controls, with 50% of the patients showing elevated levels. Androstenedione
      showed a similar pattern, but mean epitestosterone levels were not significantly
      different from controls. FSH was not significantly different, but LH levels were
      significantly higher than controls (p less than 0.005), with 10 of 13 (77%)
      demonstrating elevated levels. A strong positive correlation was also found
      between the degree of virilization and the levels of LH, testosterone and
      androstenedione. This study suggests that the most useful diagnostic laboratory
      assay from a single drawing of blood is the serum LH; the only other useful test
      is testosterone and/or androstenedione. These data do not support other reports
      of elevated levels of epitestosterone or decreased values of FSH in PCOD.

PMID- 671403
TI  - Chorionic vessel thrombosis: a possible etiology of neonatal purpura.

PMID- 671404
TI  - Does sterilization prevent pelvic infection?

PMID- 671405
TI  - Pelvic abscess and perforation of the sigmoid colon by a segment of benign cystic
      teratoma: an unusual complication of induced abortion.

PMID- 671406
TI  - Oligohydramnios and fatal pulmonary hypoplasia without amnion nodosum.
AB  - Two cases of fatal pulmonary hypoplasia associated with hydrorrhea gravidarum are
      presented. Amnion nodosum was present in one case but not the other. The
      pathogenesis of amnion nodosum is reviewed, and the clinical implications of this
      pathologic finding are discussed in relation to whether the underlying pathology
      is renal agenesis or amniorrhea.

PMID- 671408
TI  - Drug addiction in pregnancy: an invitational symposium.

PMID- 671407
TI  - Granulocytic-like cells in the human fallopian tube.
AB  - In the fallopian tube there are three main epithelial cell types, i.e., ciliated
      and nonciliated (or secretory) cells and intercalary, or peg, cells. An
      additional cell type has been considered either a wandering or a progenitor cell.
      Our morphologic and histochemical study shows a close similarity between a fourth
      cell type in the fallopian epithelium and the endometrial granulocytes (K cells).
      It is suggested that the two cells might be of an identical nature and that
      granulocytes could be ubiquitous in the entire Mullerian tract.

PMID- 671409
TI  - Problems pertaining to the care of newborn infants of drug-addicted women.

PMID- 671410
TI  - A placental evaluation of drug addiction in pregnancy.

PMID- 671411
TI  - Psychosocial care of the pregnant narcotic addict.

PMID- 671412
TI  - Chromosome aberrations in the mother and the newborn from drug-addiction
      pregnancies.
AB  - Cytogenetic data were obtained prenatally and at delivery from 99 addicted
      pregnant women (80 from a methadone maintenance program and 19 heroin addicts)
      and their 101 offspring at delivery. About 10% of the 27,907 cells scored showed
      chromosomal aberrations. Chromosome damage was random and affected all
      chromosomes. There were no standard abnormal karyotypes. Apgar scores appeared to
      have some type of association with chromosome damage. In this study there were
      about 14 aberrations for every 10 aberrant cells scored.

PMID- 671413
TI  - Maternal intrauterine amine alterations in the pregnant drug addict.
AB  - The pregnant drug addict has been a good study patient. Her neural hormonal
      value, as measured by urinary norepinephrine and epinephrine, is altered during
      pregnancy. The major difference between the antepartum state in the pregnant drug
      addict and that in the nonpregnant drug addict is hyperactivity of the adrenal
      gland. The intrauterine fetal homeostasis is altered by drug addiction in that
      the fetus is addicted, ted, as indicated by depressed amniotic fluid
      norepinephrine and epinephrine levels. If detoxification takes place, the fetus
      can respond in a dramatic fashion with increased levels of both norepinephrine
      and epinephrine. Detoxification is not recommended in the second and third
      trimesters of pregnancy because of the potential seriousness of these neural
      hormonal alterations.

PMID- 671414
TI  - Prenatal management, labor and delivery care and postpartum follow-up of the drug
      addict.

PMID- 671415
TI  - Problems of implementing and coordinating a programmed project grant on drug
      addiction.

PMID- 671416
TI  - Recurrent premenstrual acute urinary retention due to uterine myomas.

PMID- 671417
TI  - Recovery time from general anesthetics: a comparison of techniques.

PMID- 671418
TI  - Comments on screening for early endometrial cancer and evaluation of a method of
      obtaining endometrial cytologic samples.

PMID- 671419
TI  - Effect of prostaglandins on phagocytosis of sheep erythrocytes by mouse
      peritoneal macrophages.

PMID- 671420
TI  - Phagocytosis of red blood cells from Rauscher leukemia virus-infected mice by
      macrophages from normal syngeneic mice.

PMID- 671421
TI  - Peroxidatic activity and morphometric analysis of alveolar macrophages in the
      guinea pig.

PMID- 671422
TI  - Surface morphology of cultured myeloma cells: bleb formation in cell variants
      with defects in immunoglobulin production and secretion.

PMID- 671423
TI  - Inhibition of macrophage phagocytosis by a human colon tumor cell factor.

PMID- 671424
TI  - Giant multinucleate macrophages in methyl cellulose-stimulated athymic nude mice.

PMID- 671425
TI  - Pulmonary alveolar macrophages in pre- and post-natal rabbits.

PMID- 671426
TI  - Investigation of host defense mechanisms in the aged as determinants of
      nosocomial colonization and pneumonia.

PMID- 671427
TI  - Joint replacement.

PMID- 671428
TI  - A controlled trial of the theory of acupuncture in musculoskeletal pain.
AB  - We carried out a randomized trail compraing acupuncture done is theoretically
      correct [appropriate] and incorrect [inappropirate] locations for chronic
      musculoskeletal pains in various sites. Throughout the trial, neither the
      patient, nor the assessor, nor the acupuncturist, knew if the site of the
      acupuncture was appropriate to the patient's symptoms according to acupuncture
      theory. Although 60% had reduced pain after three treatments, there was no
      significant difference between the treatments. Our findings, while not disproving
      the value of acupuncture, do not support the theory that certain specific points
      must be needled to relieve specific areas of pain.

PMID- 671429
TI  - NZB/WF1 hybrid autoimmune disease: a genetic analysis.
AB  - This study analyzes the role of genetic and/or viral factors as etiologic agents
      in systemic lupus erythematosus in NZB/NZW F1 hybrid mouse, first by a backcross
      within the NZ strains. A separate study involved an outcross, production of an F2
      generation, and then backcross to both NZ parents. The results were assayed by
      histologic evaluation of renal disease. Assay techniques for anti-DNA and
      proteinuria showed no evidence for segregation and were not useful. Histology of
      the kidney showed distinct segregation patterns consistent with the
      interpretation of the etiology as co-dominant genetic factors. While the
      virus[es] was not considered etiologic, mechanisms for relating activity to the
      pathogenesis were discussed.

PMID- 671430
TI  - Computer analysis of factors influencing the appearance of aseptic necrosis in
      patients with SLE.
AB  - A computer analysis of 234 patients with SLE followed for an average of 31 months
      revealed 22 patients with aseptic necrosis of bone  (AN) (9%), with projected
      frequency approaching 30% at 10-15 years of follow-up. Most patients developed
      between four and seven years after diagnosis of SLE. When compared to all other
      patients with SLE and no AN or to three computer-selected groups matched by age
      of SLE diagnosis, duration of disease, or cumulative corticosteroid dose, AN did
      not correlate with any of the preliminary ARA criteria, total number of criteria
      fulfilled, renal disease, skin vasculitis, or disease activity. Although all
      patients received corticosteroid therapy prior to development of AN, no
      correlation was found with duration, peak dose, or cumulative dose of
      corticosteroid therapy.

PMID- 671431
TI  - Rheumatoid and normal synovial tissue in longterm culture. Evidence of cell
      heterogeneity and an approach to quantitation of of populations and the effect of
      passage.
AB  - Longtern monolayer cultures of cells derived from explants of 21 normal and 31
      rheumatoid synovial tissue specimens were studied and shown to be morphologically
      heterogeneous. The cultures were defined according to their cell size and their
      buoyant density as determined by separation on Ficoll density gradients. The
      investigations demonstrate that changes in these populations occurred with each
      passage of the cell lines. These findings emphasize the importance of using
      cultures of the same cultural age and passage for any comparative s tudy. The
      techniques described are useful for separating and defining the populations
      present in synovial tissue tissue cultures.

PMID- 671432
TI  - Ibuprofen, meningitis, and systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - A 33 year old female with systemic lupus erythematosus developed an aseptic
      meningitis with a polymorphonuclear CSF pleocytosis temporally correlated with
      ibuprofen. Several weeks later after one ibuprofen tablet this syndrome recurred.
      This represents the second report of this unusual manifestation and suggest an
      adverse reaction to ibuprofen in SLE patients.

PMID- 671433
TI  - Synovial fluid eosinophilia following arthrography.
AB  - A patient recovering from an acute gouty attack developed inflammation and
      eosinophilia of the synovial fluid following arthrography of the gouty joint.
      There was no evidence of systemic allergy to the contrast agent used. It is
      postulated that non-immune mechanisms were involved in the accumulation of
      eosinophils. An additional one of six synovial fluids obtained after arthrography
      contained 24% eosinophils. A review of the literature emphasizes the infrequency
      with which eosinophils are observed in synovial fluid.

PMID- 671434
TI  - Connective tissue activation. XII. Platelet abnormalities in patients with
      rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Patients with rheumatoid arthritis frequently have an unexplained thrombocytosis
      which appears to be related to the severity of the disease process. This report
      shows that rheumatoid platelets have reduced saline soluble protein per 10(9)
      platelets, less of a lysosomal enzyme, acid phosphatase, and decreased connective
      tissue activating peptide (CTAP-III) activity. CTAP-III is a potent connective
      tissue mitogen, and promotes glycolysis and glycosaminoglycan synthesis,
      characteristics which make it an interesting candidate for a role as a mediator
      of inflammation.

PMID- 671435
TI  - Computerized tomography (body scan) of Baker's cyst.
AB  - Computerized tomography (CT scan or body scan) has never been applied to the
      diagnosis of Baker's cysts. There cases of Baker's cyst evaluated by both CT
      scanning and arthrography are presented. The CT scan appears to be of no value.

PMID- 671436
TI  - Familial polyarticular osteochondritis dissecans masquerading as juvenile
      rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - A boy with polyarticular osteochondritis dissecans presented with clinical
      features of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Examination of the synovial fluid of
      an involved joint demonstrated inflammatory characteristics. Osteochondritis
      dissecans was present in the patient's mother and brother. Human leukocyte
      antigens HLA A-2, BW-15 and CW-4 were identified in the affected individuals.

PMID- 671437
TI  - Sigmoid volvulus in two patients with progressive systemic sclerosis.
AB  - Sigmoid volvulus was diagnosed in two patients with progressive system sclerosis.
      In one case, this was initially confused with a high fecal impaction. Both cases
      responded to early surgical intervention. Sigmoid volvulus should be considered
      in the differential diagnosis of intestinal obstruction associated with
      progressive systemic sclerosis.

PMID- 671438
TI  - Septic arthritis associated with mycobacterium avium: a case report and
      literature review.
AB  - A 58 year old man, with systemic lupus erythematosus, developed septic arthritis
      due to an atypical mycobacterium, M. avium. The patient's course, as well as 46
      cases reviewed from the literature, illustrates the insidious nature of atypical
      mycobacterial infections. Septic arthritis or peri-arthritis was generally not
      suspected at initial evaluation, leading or at least 40% of patients receiving
      intra-articular steroids for non-specific reasons. A diagnosis was eventually
      obtained in 85% of cases by surgical biopsy and culture. In only15% was a
      diagnosis made by culture of synovial or bursal fluid. The relative in vitro
      resistance of "atypicals" to antituberculous drugs and the frequent necessity for
      surgery to make a diagnosis, led to surgery consituting partial or total therapy
      in 89% of cases. Whether patients were treated with surgery alone, surgery plus
      antituberculous drugs, or antituberculous drugs alone, clinical improvement
      generally occured. Because most patients had limited follow-up and because
      atypical mycobacterial infections often relapse, none of the cases reviewed
      should be considered "cures", be but rather instances of clinically inactive
      disease.

PMID- 671439
TI  - Talalgia. A review of 30 severe cases.
AB  - Seronegative spondyloarthritides (Reiter's syndrome, ankylosing spondylitis, or 
      psoriatic arthritis) was diagnosed in 24 of 30 patients with severe heel pain.
      Most of the patients were carriers of the antigen HLA B27. Talalgia was
      frequently the first symptom of disease. Heel surgery is contra-indicated during
      the inflammation phase, since it may cause local aggravation and risk of
      ankylosis of the talocalcaneal articulation. Other causes of heel pain include
      tendon chondrocalcinosis, local tuberculous infection, and nodular tendinitis
      caused by a partial rupture of the tendon. On the other hand, severe talagia was
      rarely found in rheumatoid arthritis, and no case was related to the presence of
      tophi or xanthomas of the Achilles tendon.

PMID- 671440
TI  - Behcet's disease associated with a lymphoproliferative disorder, mixed
      cryoglobulinemia, and an immune complex mediated vasculitis.
AB  - A woman, now 59 has been followed for 13 years with several manifestations of
      Behcet's disease. These were aphthous stomatitis, genital ulcers, uveitis causing
      blindness, recurrent erythema nodosum, and synovitis. In 1970 a poorly
      differentiated diffuse lymphocytic lymphoma appeared and was  treated with
      radiotherapy. In 1976 she developed a mixed cryoglobulinemia and an immune
      complex mediated vasculitis manifested by purpura and neuropathy which improved
      on prednisone and chlorambucil therapy. The subsequent course of her
      lymphoproliferative disorder suggest that it was in fact benign.

PMID- 671441
TI  - Erythema nodosum-arthopathy complex as an initial presentation of Behcet's
      disease. Report of five cases.
AB  - In five males an erythema nodosum-arthropathy complex preceded the classical oro
      genito-ocular triad of Behcet's disease by an average of 27 months. This symptom
      complex involving the legs initially suggested "idiopathic" erythema nodosum
      syndrome or acute sarcoidosis. As the diagnosis of Behcet's disease is clinical,
      these protean manifestations shoud be recognized as a possible "forme fruste" of
      the disease.

PMID- 671442
TI  - Summary of International Symposium on Behcet's Disease. Istanbul, September 29
      30, 1977.

PMID- 671443
TI  - A rare extra-articular manifestation of ankylosing spondylitis: cauda equina
      syndrome.

PMID- 671444
TI  - Transient regional osteoporosis of the hip treated with calcitonin.

PMID- 671445
TI  - Serum ferritin concentration in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 671446
TI  - New synthetic calcium selective ionophores. Design, synthesis, and transport
      properties.

PMID- 671447
TI  - Synthesis, metabolism, and antitumor activity of deuterated analogues of 1-(2
      chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea.

PMID- 671448
TI  - New inhibitors of platelet aggregation. 5'-Phosphate, 5'-phosphorothioate, and 5'
      O-sulfamoyl derivatives of 2-substituted adenosine analogues.

PMID- 671449
TI  - Studies on drug metabolism by use of isotopes. 23. Metabolic study of 1-butyryl-4
      cinnamylpiperazine in the rat during development of tolerance by using two kinds
      of deuterium-labeled forms.
AB  - Mass fragmentographic determination of the plasma, brain, and liver levels of 1
      butyryl-4-cinnamylpiperazine (I) and its metabolites in tolerant and nontolerant
      rats was carried out by using two kinds of deuterium-labeled compounds. 1-Butyryl
      4-[a-d2]cinnamylpiperazine (I-d2) was used to develop tolerance and 1-butyryl-4
      [arom-d5]cinnamylpiperazine (I-d5) to clarify the metabolic fate of I after I-d2
      administration. The present method allowed the clarification of the metabolism of
      I-d2 and I-d5 independently. In tolerant rats, the brain and liver were lower for
      I-d5 and higher for I-d5 metabolites than in nontolerant rats. There was no
      significant difference in the plasma levels of I-D5 between tolerant and
      nontolerant rats. Our data seem to suggest that development of tolerance to I
      results from a more rapid metabolism of the drug due to hepatic enzyme induction.

PMID- 671450
TI  - Piperazinylpyrazines with central serotoninmimetic activity.
AB  - A series of 2-(1-piperazinyl)pyrazines was synthesized and evaluated for central
      serotonin-like activity. The most interesting member of the series, 6-chloro-2(1
      piperazinyl)pyrazine (3a), had pharmacological properties characteristic of
      potent central serotoninmimetic activity and only weak peripheral
      serotoninmimetic action. Structural similarities between 3a and serotonin are
      discussed.

PMID- 671451
TI  - Oxidative and cardiovascular studies on natural and synthetic catecholamines.
AB  - The cyclic voltammometric behavior of epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine,
      epinine, alpha-methyldopamine, beta-methyldopamine, beta-methylepinine, and beta
      methoxyepinine has been examined in order to evaluate substituent effects on
      cyclization rates of the electrochemically generated quinones. We observed that
      alpha and beta substituents caused a modest enhancement of cyclization rates
      while an N-methyl group dramatically increased cyclization rates. No correlation
      was observed between calculated amine pKa values, suggesting that differences in
      cyclization rates between the primary and secondary amine series were due to
      inherent nucleophilicity, a measure of which would be gas-phase proton
      affinities. The acute pressor effects of the newly synthesized catecholamines
      were compared with the native amines.

PMID- 671452
TI  - Effects of deuteration on locomotor activity of amphetamine.
AB  - The synthesis of fully deuterated amphetamine (phenyl-2-aminopropane-d11) in
      which 11 deuterium atoms are bonded to carbons and two other highly deuterated
      analogues is described. Their toxicities and in vivo spontaneous locomotor
      activities in mice were examined and compared with that of the parent
      protioamphetamine. A significant reduction in toxicities and a decrease in
      spontaneous locomotor activity were observed for these highly enriched deuterated
      analogues, as compared to protioamphetamine.

PMID- 671453
TI  - Antitumor 1-(X-aryl)-3,3-dialkyltriazenes. 1. Quantitative structure-activity
      relationships vs. L1210 leukemia in mice.
AB  - Quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) have been formulated for
      phenyl-, pyrazolyl-, and imidazolyltriazenes acting L1210 leukemia in mice. All
      three sets of congeners have the same ideal lipophilicity (log Po approximately
      1). Electron releasing substituents increase potency; ortho substitution
      decreases activity. The synthesis of a number of new triazenes and some of their
      partition coefficients are reported.

PMID- 671454
TI  - Antitumor 1-(X-aryl)-3,3-dialkyltriazenes. 2. On the role of correlation analysis
      in decision making in drug modification. Toxicity quantitative structure-activity
      relationships of 1-(X-phenyl)-3,3-dialkyltriazenes in mice.
AB  - A series of 11 triazenes (X-C6H4N=NNRCH3) was characterized for toxicity in mice
      (LD50). The quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) obtained for
      toxicity was compared with the QSAR for antitumor activity. The close
      correspondence of the two QSAR leaves essentially no means for the synthesis of
      more potent, less toxic triazenes.

PMID- 671455
TI  - Cytostatic quinones. 3. Synthesis of benzotriazolequinones by a new oxidation
      with m-chloroperbenzoic acid. Biochemical studies.
AB  - Oxidation of N-1 and N-2 alkylbenzotriazoles with m-chloroperbenzoic acid
      afforded 1-alkylbenzotriazole 3-oxides and 2-alkylbenzotriazole-4,4-diones,
      respectively. The quinonic compounds inhibited the "in vitro" growth of both HeLa
      and KB cells, the synthesis of macromolecules (DNA, RNA, and proteins), and the
      uptake of glucose by Ehrlich carcinoma ascites cells. A possible mode of action
      is suggested.

PMID- 671456
TI  - Aroyl- and arylisoquinolineacetic acids as antiinflammatory agents.
AB  - A series of 1-benzoyl- and 1-phenylisoquinolineacetic acid derivatives was
      prepared and tested for antiinflammatory activity. The most potent compound
      synthesized, 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-isoquinolineacetamide, was as active as
      phenylbutazone in the Evans blue carrageenan-induced pleural effusion assay but
      inactive in the adjuvant-induced arthritis model of chronic inflammation.

PMID- 671457
TI  - Synthesis of spiro[tetralin-2,2'-pyrrolidine] and spiro[indan-2,2'-pyrrolidine]
      derivatives as potential analgesics.
AB  - Spiro[tetralin-2,2'-pyrrolidine] (13) and spiro[6-methoxytetralin-2,2'
      pyrrolidine] (17) were prepared by initial Michael condensation of 2
      nitrotetralin and 6-methoxy-2-nitrotetralin, respectively, with methyl acrylate
      to give 7 and 8, both of which could be reductively cyclized to 10 and 11,
      followed by LiAlH4 reduction. Spiro[indan-2,2'-pyrrolidine] (15) was prepared in
      an analogous manner form 2-nitroindan, and spiro[6-hydroxytetralin-2,2'
      pyrrolidine] (19) was prepared by O-demethylation of 17. Compound 13 and its N
      methyl derivative, 14, both showed good analgesic activity. Compounds 13-16 all
      possessed weak antidepressant properties, but neither 19 nor its N-methyl
      derivative 20 had any significant CNS activity.

PMID- 671458
TI  - Antibacterial activity of N-(beta-styryl) formamides related to tuberin.
AB  - A series of para-substituted N-(beta-styryl)formamides, analogues of tuberin
      (4a), has been prepared and assayed for antibacterial activity. The methylthio,
      ethoxy, and methyl analogues 4e, 4j, and 4t were about twice as active as tuberin
      against Mycobacterium phlei. Although tuberin lacks activity against
      Staphylococcus aureus, several of the analogues described were found to inhibit
      this organism. The phenyl group of tuberin is not a prerequisite for activity
      since analogues based on naphthyl or ferrocenyl groups were also active. A
      quantitative structure-activity relationship further implied that an aromatic
      group need not be present, suggesting the synthesis of the cyclohexyl and n-amyl
      analogues which were found to possess high activity.

PMID- 671459
TI  - Syntheses and uncoupling activities of alkyl dithiocarbazates and alkyl
      pyridinecarbonyldithiocarbazates.
AB  - A series of alkyl dithiocarbazates, alkyl 3-picolinoyldithiocarbazates, alkyl 3
      nicotinoyldithiocarbazates, alkyl 3-isonicotinoyldithiocarbazates, and alkyl 3
      picolinoyl-2-methyldithiocarbazates was prepared. These alkyl
      pyridinecarbonyldithiocarbazates were shown to be uncouplers of oxidative
      phosphorylation in mitochondria. The finding that uncoupling activity increased
      with increase in the length of the alkyl chains of the compounds indicates that
      hydrophobicity influences the activity. The nonyl derivatives had the highest
      activity. The results also suggested that a dissociable acidic proton is
      necessary for the uncoupling activity.

PMID- 671460
TI  - Diarylamidine derivatives with one or both of the aryl moieties consisting of an
      indole or indole-like ring. Inhibitors of arginine-specific esteroproteases.
AB  - A series of 62 diarylamidine derivatives was evaluated for their antiproteolytic
      activity. In all but two of the compounds one or both of the amidino-substituted
      aryl moieties was either an indole or an indole-like ring. The latter included
      indene, benzimidazole, benzofuran, benzol[beta]thiophene, and several other
      related nitrogen-containing heterocycles. Several of the compounds exhibited
      considerable inhibitory potency against thrombin, trypsin, and pancreatic
      kallikrein. An outstanding inhibitor of trypsin was found in bis(5-amidino-2
      benzimidazolyl)methane (compound 42) with a Ki value of 1.7 X 10(-8) M(pH. 8.1,
      37 degrees C). Another derivative, 1,2-di(4-amidino-2-benzofuranyl)ethane
      (compound 21), proved to be a highly effective inhibitor of the overall blood
      clotting process. From a general structure-activity standpoint these compounds
      demonstrate that minor structural variations of low-molecular-weight inhibitors
      can result in significant changes in specificity and potency with regard to
      antiproteolytic activity.

PMID- 671461
TI  - Synthesis and antiinflammatory activity of trisubstituted pyrimidines and
      triazines.
AB  - A series of mono-, bi-, and tricyclic pyrimidines and as-triazines was prepared
      and their antiinflammatory activity measured against carrageenan-induced edema in
      the rat. The more active analogues (ED50), including 4-pyri-dylpyrimidines 4a
      (38), 4b (47), and 4g (49) and 2-hydroxypyrimidine 8r (43), were then tested
      against adjuvant-induced edema in the rat. None was active in the adjuvant
      arthritis model.

PMID- 671462
TI  - Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents. 2. Derivatives/analogues of
      dibenz[b,e]oxepin-3-acetic acid.
AB  - 6,11-Dhydro-11-oxodibenz[b,e]oxepins and some related compounds have been
      synthesized and evaluated for antiinflammatory effect according to the
      carrageenan paw edema method in rats. The structure-activity relationships have
      been discussed among acetic acid, carboxylic acid, alcohol, and tetrazole
      derivatives of dibenzoxepins and acetic acid derivatives of thienobenzoxepins and
      of the corresponding thiepins. The 3-isopropyl alcohol 9 and 11-deoxo-3-propionic
      acid (49) were more active than indomethacin but not as active as the title
      compound (i.e., 43). Carboxylic acids, tetrazoles, esters, amides, and ketones
      were less active than the corresponding acetic acids. Three compounds (31, 33,
      and 34) were evaluated for ulcerogenicity and lethality but none surpassed 6,11
      dihydro-11-oxodibenz[b,e]oxepin-3-acetic acid (41) in therapeutic ratio.

PMID- 671463
TI  - Anionic polymers and biological activities. Effects of some new polycarboxylic
      acids on the ascitic sarcoma 180 in mice.
AB  - Eleven new polymeric carboxylic acids with widely different solubilities in water
      have been synthesized. The activities of these polymers against the ascitic
      sarcoma 180 tumor of mice and their acute toxicities in mice have been compared
      with molecular parameters of the polymers such as molecular weights, charge
      densities, and abilities to complex calcium and magnesium ions. The maximum
      effectiveness of these polymers against ascitic sarcoma 180 of mice is greatest
      for those polymers having fewer carboxyl groups ionized at pH 7. Toxicities are
      lower for polymers having more carboxyl groups ionized at pH 7.

PMID- 671464
TI  - Potenial antitumor agents. 28. Deoxyribonucleic acid polyintercalating agents.

PMID- 671465
TI  - Synthesis and antiallergic activity of some mono- and disubstituted xanthone-2
      carboxylic acids.
AB  - A series of xanthone-2-carboxylic acids, substituted mainly with electron
      withdrawing groups, has been synthesized and assayed for antiallergic activity,
      using the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction in the rat. The effect of
      substituent type and substitution pattern on PCA neutralizing capacity is
      presented.

PMID- 671466
TI  - An ab initio study of electronic factors in metabolic hydroxylation of aliphatic
      carbon atoms.
AB  - The monooxygenase-mediated hydroxylations of aliphatic carbon atoms are known to
      be regioselective for positions alpha to heteroatoms or to pi systems (aromatic
      rings, carbon-carbon double bonds, carbonyl groups). Ab initio calculations (STO
      3G and in some cases 4-31G) were performed on model molecules, indicating that
      the Mulliken overlap populations (taken as indices of electron bond densities) of
      Calpha-H bonds being regioselectively hydroxylated are larger than Cbeta-H and
      Cgamma-H overlap populations. These results support the hypothesis that metabolic
      C-hydroxylations occur by insertion of an activated oxygen species of
      electrophilic nature, probably oxene.

PMID- 671467
TI  - Electronic structures of some antimicrobial N-chloramines. Possible existence of
      intramolecular hydrogen bonding and its effect on germicidal efficiency.
AB  - The photoelectron spectra of eight N-chloramines and N,N-dichloramines derived
      from either alpha-aminoisobutyric acid or 2-amino-2-methylpropanol have been
      measured. The lone-pair ionization potentials obtained from the photoelectron
      spectra have been interpreted to indicate that a substantial intramolecular
      interaction exists between tne N-H function and the various oxygen lone pairs of
      the N-chloramines. Such an intramolecular interaction for the N-chloramines can
      explain at least in part why these molecules are less potent as antimicrobial
      agents than are the N,N-cichloramine analogues for which a similar intramolecular
      interaction is impossible.

PMID- 671468
TI  - Antitumor agents. 31. Helenalin sym-dimethylethylenediamine reaction products and
      related derivatives.

PMID- 671469
TI  - Steroid antifertility agents. Ionic complexes of basic derivatives for prolonged
      action.
AB  - Ethynylestradiol 3-dimethylaminopropionate (1), norethindrone 3-(O
      dimethylaminopropyl)oxime (syn and anti isomers, 2a and 2b), and testosterone 3
      (O-dimethylaminopropyl)oxime (3) have been prepared and converted to zinc and
      aluminum tannate complexes as potentially long-acting prodrug forms of the parent
      steroids. The basic derivatives and the complexes showed the appropriate hormonal
      activities although they were less active in acute tests than the respective
      parents. The complexes of 1 showed prolonged activities and, in particular, the
      zinc tannate showed a prolonged duration of antifertility activity in the rat on
      subcutaneous administration in an aluminum monostearate gel.

PMID- 671470
TI  - Solution conformations of muscarine and some analogue.
AB  - Proton magnetic spectra have been recorded for muscarine and two biologically
      active cyclopentane analogues. In order to observe homonuclear intramolecular
      nuclear Overhauser effects, the -N+(CH3)3 signal was irradiated and increases in
      integrated intensities for other key signals in the molecule were observed. The
      results indicate that the quaternary side chain in these compounds is in an
      extended conformation in aqueous solution.

PMID- 671471
TI  - Psychiatry ethics and political intimidation.

PMID- 671473
TI  - Incest.
AB  - This paper is based on two presentations under the auspices of thf Edinburgh
      Medical Group in 1976. Dr Noble and Professor Mason, explore the incidence of
      incest and society's attitudes to it from legal, anthropological, medical and
      social viewpoints. They place this in a world context by looking at the universal
      prohibition of incest and the theories related to that taboo. In conclusion, they
      suggest that there seem to be sufficient sensible grounds on which to base a
      reappraisal of attitudes to incest. Their conclusions are in turn appraised by
      brief commentaries from a moral philospher and a psychiatrist.

PMID- 671472
TI  - The 'no lose' philosophy in medicine.
AB  - This article as the series title suggests focuses our attention on decisions,
      both medical and ethical, which face doctors and related personnel in the medical
      profession daily. Many of these decisions take the form of a choice to one thing
      or another without being very sure of the outcome of either action. Mr Galbraith
      explores the pros and cons of what he calls the 'no lose' philosophy in medicine
      and which plays a large part in medical decision making. He concludes that
      possibly we may need a new philosophy rather than continuing to use more and more
      of our resources on care, which is perhaps being carried out as a means of
      avoiding making value judgements and thus possibly, prevents us from solving some
      of today's difficult ethical problems.

PMID- 671474
TI  - Declaration of Hawaii.
AB  - We are printing in full the text of the Declaration of Hawaii, a Code of Ethics
      adapted by the World Psychiatric Association at its meeting in Honolulu in August
      1977. The text is followed by a brief commentary from Dr Clarence Blomquist, the
      person responsible for drawing up the draft code. Dr Blomquist argues that the
      main function of a code of this kind is to supply general guidelines which will
      alert psychiatrists to the ethical problems and moral traps of their profession.

PMID- 671475
TI  - Political neutrality and international cooperation in medicine.
AB  - International cooperation is an integral part of furthering medical and
      scientific progress. Many specilist societies exist for that purpose and have
      written into their constitutions that such cooperation and coordination is their
      aim. They hope to achieve their aims by exchange, in all languages, of
      information and by so doing strengthen the relations between individual
      physicians and scentists as well as between corporate professional bodies from
      different countries.  However, at the same time emphasis is laid on the political
      neutrality of such organsations. Increasingly, this 'neutrality' is being
      questioned as doctors and scientists become aware of abuse and distortion of
      their profession taking place in other countries. H Merskey highlights the
      problems and offers his opinion on the ethics of maintaining these professional
      relationships with colleagues abroad who are involved in such abuse and
      distortion.

PMID- 671476
TI  - When consent is unbearable--a case report.
AB  - Informed consent has become one of the central problems in medical ehtics. At
      first sight, it would seem that no argument can be made against a person's right
      to be fully aware of the extent, course, and implications of his medical
      condition. It seems equally obvious that it is the patient's right to participate
      in, influence, or fully and solely assume the decisions of medical actions that
      should be undertaken or withheld with regard to his disease. Nevertheless, there
      are circumstances in which these commonly held assumptions about a patient's
      rights may not apply. It is the purpose of this report to describe a case where
      informed consent was deliverately not sought, and to discuss the ethical issues
      involved.

PMID- 671477
TI  - Testing new drugs--the human volunteer.
AB  - Professor Duncan Vere lays before us the idealised guidelines used for recruiting
      volunteers on which to try and test new medicines. He points out that if these
      were followed rigidly, few, if any volunteers would be found for this vital work.
      Inducements are used, but the size of these determines whether society deems it
      right or wrong. However, the aim is to help and advise volunteers of the need for
      such tests and the risks involved and therefore the information leaflet reprinted
      as part of the article indicates how the drug testers are attempting to encourage
      volunteers in as ethical a way as possible. To abandon human tests with new drugs
      may be unethical. A balance is sought.

PMID- 671479
TI  - Mental disease.

PMID- 671478
TI  - Teaching medical ethics: University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
AB  - During his internship the medical student often feels a basic need for ethical
      discussion. The department of medical ethics at the University of Nijmegen offers
      a monthly discussion in single clinical departments. The ethicist is then
      assisted by staff responsible for guiding the interns. These discussions, based
      on daily experience, aim at critical evaluation of ways the profession is being
      exercised. As such they form an essential counterpart to the more theoretical
      learning in classrooms and seminars during previous years. The method is rather
      flexible. Either an inventory of problems is made, followed by a selection and
      discussion of one problem. Or a discussion is initiated by an introduction by
      either staff or ethicist. The actual programme and its origin, the objectives and
      some of the problems of such a programme are presented in this article.

PMID- 671480
TI  - Lesbian couples: should help extend to AID?
AB  - A considerable amount of publicity has recently centred on a few Lesbian couples
      who have successfully obtained artificial insemination by donor (AID) in order to
      have a child. Advice was orginally sought on a private basis from the Journal on
      the following case: now the issue is public knowledge, the doctor presenting the
      case has agreed to open discussion, and a case conference was convened to
      consider it. Those taking part were: Jackie Forster, Co-editor of Sappho; lesbian
      feminist magazine; Carola Haigh, General Practitioner, London; Ian Kennedy,
      Barrister and Lecturer in Law, Kings College, London; Anthony Parsons,
      Gynaecology Department, Kings College Hospital, London; Jennifer Pietroni,
      General Practitioner, London; Gordon Price, Department of Child & Family
      Psychiatry, Kings College Hospital, London; Rose Robertson, from Parents Enquiry,
      a counselling organisation for families where there is an incidence of
      Homosexuality and where it is causing stress. Roger Higgs, General Practitioner
      and organiser of the Case Conference Series, was in the Chair.

PMID- 671481
TI  - The impact of the California Natural Death Act.

PMID- 671482
TI  - Abortion and pregnancy screening.

PMID- 671483
TI  - Hereditary pancreatitis in England and Wales.
AB  - Information from 72 patients from 7 families in England and Wales confirms that
      hereditary pancreatitis is inherited as an autosomal dominant conditions with
      limited penetrance. The degree of penetrance is approximately 80%. These patients
      have had recurrent attacks of abdominal pain starting from childhood or young
      adult life. The mean age of onset in the 7 families studied was 13.6 years. There
      were two peaks, with maximum numbers at 5 years and 17 years. The second peak was
      thought to represent genetically susceptible individuals having pain brought on
      by alcohol rather than representing evidence of genetic heterogeneity. Five of
      the 7 families had members with both childhood and adult ages of onset. Only 4
      patients out of 72 had life-threatening disease and in the majority of cases the
      attacks of pain were of nuisance value only. Hereditary pancreatitis was
      implicated in only 1 patient's death and this was not definite. Patients appear
      to get better after a period of symptoms usually as they approach middle age, or
      after a severe attack. In older patients alcohol, emotional upsets, and fatty
      food appear to precipitate attacks. Pancreatic insufficiency (5.5%), diabetes
      mellitus (12.5%), pseudocysts (5.5%), and haemorrhagic pleural effusion are
      uncommon complications. Portal vein thrombosis occurred definitely in 2 patients
      and was suspected in 3 others. Carcinoma of the pancreas was not found in any of
      72 patients studied in detail; however, 2 members from a family not visited
      personally had chronic pancreatitis and malabsorption going on to carcinoma. They
      may have suffered from a different disease. Genetic linkage information was too
      slight for many definite conclusions. However, there was no suggestion of linkage
      with any of the markers tested.

PMID- 671484
TI  - First premarital screening of thalassaemia carriers in intermediate schools in
      Latium.
AB  - In the 1975 to 1976 school year, under the auspices of the Health Authorities of
      the Latium Region, the Rome Microcythaemia Centre carried out for the first time
      a partial screening survey of thalassaemia carriers among the students of the
      compulsory intermediate school in Latium. This work was the beginning of a new
      preventive school health service aimed at the prophylaxis of Cooley's disease. In
      23 places investigated in Latium, 17724 students were examined, 13354 of whom
      were in Rome and 4370 elsewhere. The mean percentage of co-operation was 70% and
      the mean percentage of thalassaemia 2.42%. Thalassaemic students were invited to
      attend the centre for a check-up along with their families: about half had
      already come in by the end of June 1976. All students examined, whether normal or
      thalassaemic, have received written results of the tests. The screening survey
      aroused notable interest and obtained wide approval both at school and at home.
      The news of being thalassaemia carriers, even if not welcome, was never the cause
      of family tragedy.

PMID- 671485
TI  - Brachydactyly, distal symphalangism, scoliosis, tall stature, and club feet: a
      new syndrome.
AB  - Five members of a kindred with brachydactyly and distal symphalangism, normal
      stature, pes cavus, and scoliosis were ascertained. The pedigree was consistent
      with autosomal dominant inheritance. The combination of clinical and radiological
      features is believed to be distinct from those previously reported in patients
      with brachydactyly/symphalangism.

PMID- 671487
TI  - Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and Werdnig-Hoffmann disease in a child: an
      unusual association.
AB  - The unusual association of Werdnig-Hoffmann disease and nephrogenic diabetes
      insipidus in a 5-month-old child is described for the first time. The association
      is casual, considering the different pathways of genetical transmission in these
      two diseases. The possibility of identifying the heterozygote is discussed and it
      appears to be limited to nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

PMID- 671486
TI  - Linkage studies in Van der Woude syndrome.
AB  - A newly ascertained kindred segregating Van der Woude syndrome through four
      generations is described. Linkage studies using the methods of Ott (1974) were
      carried out using 19 marker loci.

PMID- 671488
TI  - Number of C-bands of human isochromosome Xqi and relation to 45,X mosaicism.

PMID- 671489
TI  - Necropsy of original case of Lowry's syndrome.
AB  - The necropsy findings are reported on one of the original sibs of Lowry's
      syndrome. The child, who died at 7 years of bronchopneumonia, was severely
      dwarfed, microcephalic, and microphthalmic. The brain was small and extensively
      calcified, the cerebellar cortex hypoplastic, and the retinae atrophic. There
      were multiple skeletal and integumental and minor renal abnormalities. The
      lymphoid tissue was much reduced, and many arteries and arterioles were thickened
      and narrowed. This constitutes a unique constellation of lesions.

PMID- 671490
TI  - Late discovery of a case of testicular feminisation.
AB  - The accidental discovery, in an inguinal hernia, of a male gonad in a 67-year-old
      woman is reported. The association of an unambiguous female phenotype with a
      purely male karyotype and a male gonad suggests the diagnosis of testicular
      feminisation. The differential diagnosis, particularly of testicular feminisation
      with true hermaphroditism, is discussed.

PMID- 671491
TI  - Inconsistent expression of both centromeres of a dicentric Y chromosome in a
      child with ambiguous external genitalia.
AB  - A newborn child with ambiguous external genitalia had evidence of internal female
      development on the left and internal male development on the right. Blood
      chromosome analysis showed three cell types: 45,X; 46,XY with the Y being
      submetacentric and about twice the usual size with two 'centromeric' C bands; and
      46,X,dic(Y). Chromosome studies from the skin, uterus, and Fallopian tube showed
      almost exclusively 45,X cells. This represents the second reported patient in
      whom two centromeres are inconsistently expressed though present as shown by two
      'centromeric' C bands.

PMID- 671492
TI  - Deletion 14q and pericentric inversion 14.
AB  - A woman with deletion 14q as well as inversion 14 is presented, and physical
      signs are compared with those of patients with deletion long arm 13. No previous
      case of deletion long arm 14 has been published.

PMID- 671493
TI  - Meckel's syndrome (dysencephalia splanchno-cystica) in two Pakistani sibs.
AB  - A Pakistani couple, who were first cousins once removed through their fathers,
      and whose mothers were also related, had two liveborn children, a boy and a girl.
      Both children died within 2 hours of birth with occipital encephalocele,
      microcephaly, polycystic kidneys, and cystic distension of intrahepatic bile
      ducts. Both children had normal karyotypes. These abnormalities constitute
      Meckel's syndrome (dysencephalia splanchno-cystica); this is the fifth report of
      parental consanguinity, adding further support to the evidence for autosomal
      recessive inheritance of the disorder.

PMID- 671494
TI  - Heterozygote advantage for the phenylketonuria allele.

PMID- 671495
TI  - Health professions education and public policy: a research agenda.
AB  - The Work Group on the Education of the Health Professions and the Nation's Health
      offers the theme of discontinuity to describe who so little useful knowledge has
      been derived from research in this area and to suggest a more productive approach
      for future studies. Discontinuities are evident amoung the needs of patients and
      populations and how professionals practice what is taught in professional
      schools. The work group recommends seven areas for study in the expectation that
      new information might alleviate these discontinuities.

PMID- 671496
TI  - First-year graduate medical education positions obtained by U.S. graduates in
      1977.
AB  - When the 2,308 residencies obtained by U.S. medical school graduates outisde of
      th National Intern and Resident Matching Program were added to those of the
      11,172 students who matched, the distribution of all 1977 graduates among
      specialties was found to be essentially the same as for those who matched, but
      regional differences were marked. A regional comparison of the location of the
      residencies obtained by the graduates with the location of the schools attended
      by students suggested that recruitment of graduates from other regions was as
      important in determining the number of first-year residents as was retention of
      graduates in a given region.

PMID- 671497
TI  - Experience with college of medicine departmental reviews.
AB  - Departmental review are a means of assessing quality in administrative and
      academic functions. Policies and guidelines have been established. The review
      processes are time consuming and costly. However, the goals for such reviews are
      achievable. Guidance to improve department head performance is provided, and
      search for new leadership when indicated is enhanced.

PMID- 671498
TI  - A systematic comparison of teaching hospital and remote-site clinical education.
AB  - This paper present a methodology for examining activities of medical students on
      multisite clinical clerkships to determine whether differences exist in the
      educational experience offered at various sites. Five criterion variables are
      explored: distribution of student activities, type or class of clinical
      conditions encountered by students, degree of "esoterism" of those conditions,
      type of student role, and flexibility of student role. A format for data
      collection, employing a specially designed activity recording pad, was developed
      as part of the study. Application of this method to a clerkship in obstetrics and
      gynecology documents the existence of systematic differences in the educational
      experiences offered at different sites, particularly with regard to type of
      activities undertaken and conditions encountered. Most notably, the results
      suggest that it is fallacious to dichotomize clerkship sites as "academic" or
      "community" based. It is found that community hospitals themselves can differ
      markedly and offer an experience paralleling that of the academic referral
      center.

PMID- 671499
TI  - The experiment in medical education at the City College of New York.
AB  - Described is a program leading to the B.S. and M.D. degrees in six or seven years
      which integrates the physical sciences with the basic medical sciences and
      emphasizes the humanities and social sciences as a necessary component of the
      physician's education. The selection process is designed to identify young men
      and women who will become primary care physicians in underserved urban
      communities. At the end of the fourth year it was shown that the graduates were
      comparable with second-year medical students as measured by national
      examinations. It is suggested that the changes made in the premedical curriculum
      merit general consideration inasmuch as the course work is more pertinent to the
      practive of medicine and offers a sound education for other health careers for
      those unable to continue their medical training.

PMID- 671500
TI  - U.S. medical students in Nepal.
AB  - A formal course in Human Ecology in the Himalayas proved to be a powerful
      educational innovation partly because of its international setting. The six
      students in the medical part of this course experienced a profound affective
      impact on their career goals, a totally new orientation toward the problems of
      poverty in the United States, and a changed appreciation of the need for
      preventive measures and a community approach. The effect was far greater than
      that usually associated with individualized international experiences because of
      careful preparatory seminars, group activities which included surveys and
      research, and abundant opportunity for interpretive discussions as cultural and
      health care shock was being experienced. Clinical work was kept in perspective
      and provided opportunities for learning, not only about exotic diseases but also
      about what could be done under the simplest of conditions.

PMID- 671501
TI  - Perioperative diabetic consultation: a plead for improved training.
AB  - To determine the clinical and educational impact of an academic general internal
      medicine consultation service, the investigators selected as a model the
      perioperative management of diabetes mellitus. They analyzed 17 consultative
      episodes over two years by retrospective medical record review to identify
      patterns and shortcomings. Most patients were elderly black females with maturity
      onset diabetes mellitus exhibiting numerous past diabetic complications and other
      active general medical problems. Major findings included common failure to define
      the consultation purpose or document adequately follow-up visits, incomplete
      professional adherence to published guidelines for perioperative diabetic
      management, and correlation between failure to document the consultant's own
      physical examination and failure to reach new conclusions. Median cost for
      consultant-recommended tests was $179 (range $82 to $552) without clear linkage
      between medical care process and outcome. Consultative skills must be taught more
      effectively if medical consultations are to have maximal impact.

PMID- 671502
TI  - Evaluation of a rural clinic rotation for medical residents.

PMID- 671503
TI  - Effects of a comprehensive final examination avoidance contingency.

PMID- 671504
TI  - Effect of continuing medical education on practice patterns.

PMID- 671505
TI  - An update on medical education in alcohol and drug abuse.

PMID- 671506
TI  - Modeling the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary embolism.

PMID- 671507
TI  - An orientation of the process of medical professionalization.

PMID- 671508
TI  - Forming a medical specialty.

PMID- 671509
TI  - Training in adolescent health as viewed by pediatric house officers.

PMID- 671510
TI  - A respiratory orientation module for new medical students.

PMID- 671511
TI  - Industry-sponsored research and consultation.

PMID- 671512
TI  - Medical school admissions: applicant projections revisited.

PMID- 671513
TI  - Use of psychiatrists.

PMID- 671514
TI  - Ambulatory care survey.

PMID- 671515
TI  - Influence of membrane structure on ion transport through lipid bilayer membranes.

PMID- 671517
TI  - Characteristics of CO2-independent pH equilibration in human red blood cells.

PMID- 671516
TI  - Fusion of secretory vesicles isolated from rat liver.
AB  - Secretory vesicles isolated from rat liver were found to fuse after exposure to
      Ca2+. Vesicle fusion is characterized by the occurrence of twinned vesicles with
      a continuous cleavage plane between two vesicles in freeze-fracture electron
      microscopy. The number of fused vesicles increases with increasing Ca2+
      concentrations and is half maximal around 10(-6)M. Other divalent cations (Ba2+,
      Sr2+, and Mg2+) were ineffective. Mg2+ inhibits Ca2+-induced fusion. Therefore,
      the fusion of secretory vesicles in vitro is Ca2+ specific and exhibits
      properties similar to the exocytotic process of various secretory cells. Various
      substances affecting secretion in vivo (microtubular inhibitors, local
      anesthetics, ionophores) were tested for their effect on membrane fusion in our
      system. The fusion of isolated secretory vesicles from liver was found to differ
      from that of pure phospholipid membranes in its temperature dependence, in its
      much lower requirement for Ca2+, and in its Ca2+-specificity. Chemical and
      enzymatic modifcations of the vesicle membrane indicate that glycoproteins may
      account for these differences.

PMID- 671518
TI  - Effect of aldosterone on incorporation of amino acids into renal medullary
      proteins.
AB  - Studies on the effects of pretreatment with aldosterone on the incorporation of
      3H leucine or 3H methionine into proteins in renal slices were carried out in
      Joklik-modified minimal essential medium. Administration of aldosterone
      (2microgram/100 g body wt) to adrenalectomized rats increased 3H leucine
      incorporation into trichloroacetic acid insoluble fractions of crude homogenates
      of cortical slices by 15.5 +/- 0.4% and of medullary slices by 53.5 +/- 1.3%. No
      increase in isotope incorporation was observed in slices of renal papilla or
      spleen prepared from the same rats. Aldosterone had no effect on the 3H-leucine
      content of the trichloroacetic acid-soluble fractions of all three renal zones
      and the spleen. The dose of aldosterone that elicited a half-maximal increase in
      3H-methionine incorporation into proteins of renal medullary slices (0.45
      microgram of aldosterone/100 g body wt) was indistinguishable from that needed to
      elicit a halt-maximal increase in the urinary K+/Na+ ratio (0.35 microgram of
      aldosterone/100 g body wt). Dexamethasone, a potent glucocorticoid, at a dose of
      0.8 microgram/100 g body wt did not augment 3H-leucine incorporation into renal
      medullary proteins but was effective at 8 microgram/100 g body wt. Spirolactone
      (SC-26304), a potent anti-mineralocorticoid, abolished the effect of aldosterone
      on amino acid incorporation into medullary proteins when administered at a 100
      fold higher dosage [i.e., 80 microgram (per 100 g body wt)]. These results imply
      that the action of aldosterone on amino acid incorporation is mediated by the
      mineralocorticoid rather than the glucocorticoid pathway, presumably the
      mineralocorticoid receptors. Moreover, pretreatment of the rats with actinomycin
      D (70--80 microgram/100 g body wt) erased the effect of aldosterone (0.8
      microgram/100 g body wt) on amino acid incorporation into medullary proteins. In
      paired experiments with 3H and 35S methionine, aldosterone (0.8 microgram/100 g
      body wt) increased methionine incorporation into trichloroacetic acid
      precipitable proteins of subcellular fractions of the renal medulla. The effect
      of aldosterone on incorporation of methionine into medullary cytosol proteins was
      analyzed further by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH 8.3 in tris-glycine
      buffer. The gel profiles indicate that aldosterone significantly increased
      methionine incorporation into at least one protein (independent of the isotope)
      with a molecular weight of approximately 31,000. This increase was inhibited by
      either pretreatment of the rat with actinomycin D (70--80 microgram/100 g body wt
      or SC-26304 (80 microgram/100 g body wt). Dexamethasone (0.8 microgram/100 g body
      wt) did not increase incorporation of methinine into the medullary cytosol
      proteins resolved by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

PMID- 671519
TI  - Effects of amphotericin b on the electrical properties of Necturus gallbladder:
      intracellular microelectrode studies.
AB  - Intracellular microelectrode techniques were employed to study the mechanism by
      which amphotericin B induces a transient mucosa-negative transepithelial
      potential (deltaVms) in the gallbladder of Necturus. When the tissue was
      incubated in standard Na-Ringer's solution, the antibiotic reduced the apical
      membrane potential by about 40 mV, and the basolateral membrane potential by
      about 35 mV, whereas the transepithelial potential increased by about 5 mV. The
      electrical resistance of the apical membrane fell by 83%, and that of the
      basolateral membrane by 40%; the paracellular resistance remained unchanged.
      Circuit analysis indicated that the equivalent electromotive forces of the apical
      and basolateral membranes fell by 35 and 11 mV, respectively. Changes in
      potentials and resistances produced by ionic substitutions in the mucosal bathing
      medium showed that amphotericin B produces a nonselective increase in apical
      membrane small monovalent cation conductance (K, Na, Li). In the presence of Na
      Ringer's on the mucosal side, this resulted in a reduction of the K
      permselectivity of the membrane, and thus in a fall of its equivalent emf. During
      short term exposure to amphotericin B, PNa/PCl across the paracellular pathway
      did not change significantly, whereas PK/PNa doubled. These results indicate that
      deltaVms is due to an increase of gNa across the luminal membranes of the
      epithelial cells (Cremaschi et al., 1977. J. Membrane Biol. 34:55); the data do
      not support the alternative hypothesis (Rose & Nahrwold, 1976. J. Membrane Biol
      29:1) that deltaVms results from a reduction in shunt PNa/PCl acting in
      combination with a rheogenic basolateral Na pump.

PMID- 671520
TI  - On the use of amphotericin B as a robe to determine cell membrane resistances in
      gallbladder epithelium.

PMID- 671521
TI  - Reply to: On the use of amphotericin B as a probe to determine cell membrane
      resistances in gallbladder epithelium.

PMID- 671522
TI  - Kinetic analysis of the inhibition of sulfate transport in human red blood cells
      by isothiocyanates.
AB  - A kinetic analysis of anion self-exchange in human red blood cells, in the
      presence of an irreversible inhibitor, is presented and applied to the study of
      the inactivation of sulfate transport by three isothiocyanates: 3-isothiocyano
      1,5-naphthalenedisulfonic acid, disodium salt (INDS), 1-isothiocyano-4
      naphthalene sulfonic acid, sodium salt, monohydrate (INS), and 1-isothiocyano-4
      benzenesulfonic acid, sodium salt, monohydrate (IBS). The time dependence of the
      inhibition of sulfate transport by the isothiocyanates used could be described by
      a single exponential and could be shown to contain a reversible and an
      irreversible component. In each case a portion of sulfate efflux was found to be
      resistant to inactivation. The residual portion of the sulfate efflux varied with
      inhibitor: 4% for INS, 16% for INDS, and 34% for IBS. INS showed the largest
      reversible inhibitory effect (12% of the flux remaining at 0.2 mM inhibitor
      concentration), while INDS showed the weakest effect (92% of the flux remaining
      at 0.3 mM inhibitor concentration). IBS had the highest rate of inactivation
      while INDS had the lowest. The kinetic analysis further suggests that all three
      isothiocyanates bind reversibly to an inhibitory site on the membrane before they
      bind covalently, and therefore irreversibly, to the same site on the membrane.
      The equilibrium constant for the dissociation of the reversibly-bound complex,
      Ki, and the rate of irreversible inactivation after all membrane sites are
      reversibly bound, kmax, have been computed for all three inhibitors: INDS (Ki =
      420 micron, kmax = 5.04 hr-1), INS (Ki = 148 micron, kmax = 6.48 hr-1), and IBS
      (Ki = 208 micron, k(max) = 8.11 hr-1).

PMID- 671523
TI  - Basolateral membrane potential of a tight epithelium: ionic diffusion and
      electrogenic pumps.
AB  - The contribution of specific ions to the conductance and potential of the
      basolateral membrane of the rabbit urinary bladder has been studied with both
      conventional and ion-specific microelectrode techniques. In addition, the
      possibility of an electrogenic active transport process located at the
      basolateral membrane was studied using the polyene antibiotic nystatin. The
      effect of ion-specific microelectrode impalement damage on intracellular ion
      activities was examined and a criterion set for acceptance or rejection of
      intracellular activity measurements. Using this criterion, we found (K+) = 72 mM
      and (Cl-) = 15.8 mM. Cl- but not K+ was in electrochemical equilibrium across the
      basolateral membrane. The selective permeability of the basolateral membrane was
      measured using microelectrodes, and the data analyzed using the Goldman, Hodgkin
      Katz equation. The sodium to potassium permeability ratio (PNa/PK) was 0.044, and
      the chloride to potassium permeability ratio (PCl/PK) was 1.17. Since K+ was not
      in electrochemical equilibrium, intracellular (K+) is maintained by active
      metabolic processes, and the basolateral membrane potential is a diffusion
      potential with K+and C1- the most permeable ions. After depolarizing the
      basolateral membrane with high serosal potassium bathing solutions and
      eliminating the apical membrane as a rate limiting step for ion movement using
      the polyene antibiotic nystatin, we found that the addition of equal aliquots of
      NaCl to both solutions caused the basolateral membrane potential to hyperpolarize
      by up to 20mV (cell interior negative). This potential was reduced by 80% within
      3 min of the addition of ouabain to the serosal solution. This hyperpolarization
      most probably represents a ouabain sensitive active transport process sensitive
      to intracellular Na+. An equivalent electrical circuit for Na+ transport across
      rabbit urinary bladder is derived, tested, and compared to previous results. This
      circuit is also used to predict the effects that microelectrode impalement damage
      will have on individual membrane potentials as well as time-dependent phenomena;
      e.g., effect of amiloride on apical and basolateral membrane potentials.

PMID- 671524
TI  - Nuclear magnetic resonance studies in liposomes: effects of steroids on lecithin
      fatty acyl chain mobility.
AB  - The effects of fourteen sterols on the NMR spectra of liposomes derived from egg
      yolk phosphatidylcholines were studied by continuous-wave and Fourier-transform
      measurements at 60 MHz. Sterols were compared for their ability to broaden the
      acyl methylene resonances of phosphatidylcholine, when incorporated into
      liposomes at 25% molar ratio. The ratio of the phosphatidylcholine peake heights
      (acyl methylene: choline N-methyl) was used as a criterion of the relative
      condensing activity for the different sterols. This ratio was inversely
      proportional to the molar volume of the incorporated sterol, as measured by the
      parachor of the compound. Small sterols had little condensing effect, and the
      larger sterols such as cholesterol and ergosterol had maximum condensing effects.
      The study confirmed the importance of the sterol side-chain at C-17 as a
      requirement for sterol-phospholipid interaction.

PMID- 671525
TI  - Morphology of egg phosphatidylcholine-cholesterole single-bilayer vesicles,
      studied by freeze-etch electron microscopy.
AB  - Homogeneous, small, single-bilayer vesicles were prepared from egg
      phosphatidylcholine with various concentrations of cholesterol by ultrasonic
      dispersion in 0.1 M KCl, 0.01 M Tris, pH 8.0, buffer, followed by gel
      chromatography. The shape and size distributions of the fractionated vesicles
      were investigated for preparations with cholesterol compositions from 0 to 50
      moles/100 moles, using freeze-etch electron microscopy. The size distribution was
      estimated from the shadow width of vesicles which were exposed by etching and the
      vesicle shape was checked by comparing the images obtained by tilting the
      replicas. The widths of the vesicle diameter distributions were relatively broad,
      corresponding to standard deviations in the range 60--90 A, but showing no
      systematic variation with cholesterol composition. In all cases it was found that
      70% of the vesicle diameters lay within 150 A of the modal value. The apparent
      vesicle diameters remained constant for cholesterol compositions up to 20
      moles/100 moles (modal diameter = 330 +/- 20 A, mean diameter = 350 +/- 3 A), but
      there was a sharp net increase in diameter at 30 moles cholesterol/100 moles
      reaching a model diameter of 430 +/- 20 A (mean diameter = 430 +/- 3 A) at 50
      moles cholesterol/100 moles. Using the tilted microscope stage it was found that
      all vesicles were spherical at all cholesterol compositions studied, including
      those above 30 moles cholesterol/100 moles. The molecular mechanism by which
      cholesterol controls the vesicle size is discussed in terms of the asymmetric
      distribution of cholesterol across the vesicle bilayer.

PMID- 671526
TI  - Ion transport across the isolated intestinal mucosa of the winter flounder,
      Pseudopleuronectes americanus. I. Functional and structural properties of
      cellular and paracellular pathways for Na and Cl.
AB  - The isolated intestinal mucosa of the flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus,
      when bathed in a 20 mM HCO3-Ringer's solution bubbled with 1% CO2 in O2,
      generated a serosa-negative PD and, when short-circuited, absorbed Cl at almost 3
      times the rate of Na. Reducing HCO3 to 5 mM decreased the net Cl flux by more
      than 60%. The following results suggest that, despite the PD, Na and Cl transport
      processes are nonelectrically coupled: replacing all Na with choline abolished
      both the PD and net Cl flux; replacing all Cl with SO4 and mannitol abolished the
      PD and the net Na flux; and adding ouabain (to 0.5 mM) abolished the PD and the
      net Cl flux. Nearly all of the unidirectional serosa-to-mucosa Cl flux (JClsm)
      seemed to be paracellular since it varied with PD and Cl concentration in a
      manner consistent with simple diffusion. JClsm was only about one-fourth of
      JNasm, suggesting that the paracellular pathway is highly cation-selective. The
      data can be explained by the following model: (i) Na and Cl uptake across the
      brush border are coupled 1 : 1; Na is pumped into the lateral space and Cl
      follows passively, elevating the salt concentration there; (ii) the tight
      junction is permeable to Na but relatively impermeable to Cl; and (iii)
      resistance to Na diffusion is greater in the lateral space (considered in its
      entirety) than in the tight junction. If these assumptions are correct, the
      serosa-negative transmural PD is due mainly to a salt diffusion potential across
      the tight junction and, under short-circuit condition, most of the Na pumped into
      the lateral space diffuses back into the luminal solution, whereas most of the Cl
      enters the serosal solution. Morphological features of the epithelium support
      this interpretation: the cells are unusually long (60 micrometer); there is
      little distension of the apical 12 micrometer of the lateral space during active
      fluid absorption; and distension distal to this region is intermittently
      constricted by desmosomes.

PMID- 671527
TI  - A thermodynamic analysis of the correlation between active Na+ transport and the
      rate of oxygen consumption in epithelia.
AB  - Active transport in epithelia is discussed in terms of the relationships between
      oxygen consumption and sodium flux as affected by each of the two corresponding
      thermodynamic forces. Analysis is presented of the use of nonequilibrium
      thermodynamics as a total in elucidating coupling and stoichiometry, and in
      evaluating drug action in the system. The analysis leads to the quantitative
      characterization of active transport in "two-flow" systems in terms of two plots:
      oxygen consumption nad sodium flow, each as a function of electrical potential
      difference, at constant affinity and constant concentrations. The relevant
      characteristic parameters are then shown to be represented by the slopes and
      intercepts of the two plots, the ratios of the slopes and of the intercepts, and
      by  the difference--as well as the ratio--of the ratios. Distinction is made
      between experimental conditions in which the phenomenological coefficients remain
      constant and those in which these coefficients undergo appreciable changes. In
      terms of the above analysis, and examination is made of the effect of commonly
      used drugs. It is shown that while drugs may effect both the affinity and the
      phenomenological coefficients, they invariably affect the latter--at least in the
      cases hitherto reported.

PMID- 671529
TI  - Energy-dependence of phlorizin binding to isolated renal microvillus membranes.
      Evidence concerning the mechanism of coupling between the electrochemical Na+
      gradient the sugar transport.
AB  - In order to elucidate the mechanism by which the electrochemical Na+ gradient
      energizes glucose transport, the energy-dependence of high affinity phlorizin
      binding to isolated renal microvillus membrane vesicles was examined. Phlorizin
      is a competitive inhibitor of glucose transport but is not itself transported.
      Extravesicular Na+ accelerated the rate of phlorizin binding and inhibited the
      rate of dissociation of bound glycoside. Maneuvers to enhance intravesicular
      electronegativity stimulated phlorizin uptake and those to enhance intravesicular
      electronegativity stimulated phlorizin uptake and those to enhance intravesicular
      electropositivity inhibited. However, alterations in electrical potential were
      without effect on the rate release of bound phlorizin. Intravesicular Na+
      inhibited the phlorizin uptake rate. The results are consistent with a model of
      the glucose transporter in which (i) Na+ increases the binding affinity of the
      carrier, (ii) the free carrier is negatively charged, and (iii) the translocation
      of the carrier is inhibited by the binding of Na+ in the absence of sugar. The
      electrochemical Na+ gradient thus energizes both glucose transport and phlorizin
      binding through its effect on the affinity and appearance of the free carrier at
      the membrane surface rather than through an effect on sugar translocation per se.

PMID- 671528
TI  - Cholera toxin and membrane gangliosides: binding and adenylate cyclase activation
      in normal and transformed cells.

PMID- 671531
TI  - Imagery and verbal mediation in paired-associate learning of educable mentally
      retarded adolescents.
AB  - PA learning was investigated among sixty educable mentally retarded adolescents
      as a function of variations in image-evoking potential of the response members
      and of instructions to utilise a verbal mediation strategy. The data indicated
      that performance with verbal mediation instruction surpassed that under non
      mediation instruction conditions regardless of imagery level. Results were
      discussed in terms of Paivio's conceptual peg hypothesis as well as the EMR's
      deficiency in input organisation.

PMID- 671530
TI  - Jadassohn's naevus phakomatosis: 2. A study based on a review of thirty-seven
      cases.

PMID- 671532
TI  - Hospital and community mortality rates among the retarded.
AB  - The findings of McCurley et al. are generally replicated by this study. Community
      rates are usually lower than those of comparable institutional residents, except
      for convalescent hospitals used for the care of the profoundly retarded in the
      United States. Attention is drawn to the sharp mortality difference between
      ambulatory and non-ambulatory retarded individuals and the affect of the ability
      to walk can have on the estimation of mortality rates. The ambulation factor
      should be considered more routinely in future studies. Finally, a revision of the
      usual method of estimation of age at death was attempted. The utility of the
      method, similar to standardisation procedures widely used in demography, provides
      estimates which are more directly comparable between studies.

PMID- 671533
TI  - An analysis of verbal-performance intelligence quotient discrepancies in the
      Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale results of mentally subnormal hospital
      patients.
AB  - Verbal-Performance IQ discrepancies on the WAIS have been of much interest to
      clinical psychologists. They have been related, amongst other things, to
      different types of brain damage and in studies of the mentally subnormal, to
      successful adjustment to the outside world. This paper looks more closely at such
      discrepancies obtained by patients in a hospital for the mentally subnormal.
      These discrepancies are found to be both frequent related to Full Scale IQ. The
      pattern that emerges remains constant if scaled scores are considered or if the
      subtests are re-arranged according to Cohen's A and B factors. It is argued that
      these findings imply caution in the use of the discrepancy measure as a
      diagnostic or predictive indicator in this population.

PMID- 671534
TI  - Mental subnormality in Northern Ireland.
AB  - A prevalence survey of mental subnormality in Northern Ireland was carried out on
      lines similar to an earlier investigation by MacKay (1971). In a general
      population of one and a half million there were 6,854 ascertained subnormal
      individuals. The male : female ratio was 1. 14 :1. Approximately one in three
      subnormal people was under residential care. The prevalence of severe
      subnormality (IQ less than 50) in the 15-19 year old group was 4.81. The findings
      do not support the "steady rate" theory of severe subnormality.

PMID- 671536
TI  - Radiologic seminar CLXXXIII: evaluation of renal mass lesions.

PMID- 671535
TI  - Jadassohn's naevus phakomatosis: I. A report of two cases.
AB  - Two typical cases of Jadassohn's Naevus Phakomatosis are reported, with full
      clinical details, history and the results of investigations. Neurosurgery was
      necessary in one case so that the macroscopical appearance of the brain and
      histological findings of portions of the brain removed are described.

PMID- 671537
TI  - Emergency treatment of shock--use of medical antishock trousers (MAST).

PMID- 671538
TI  - The health manpower project.

PMID- 671539
TI  - Mapping of mitochondrial 4 S RNA genes in Xenopus laevis by electron microscopy.

PMID- 671540
TI  - DNA condensation with polyamines I. Spectroscopic studies.

PMID- 671541
TI  - DNA condensation with polyamines. II. Electron microscopic studies.

PMID- 671542
TI  - Structure of prealbumin: secondary, tertiary and quaternary interactions
      determined by Fourier refinement at 1.8 A.

PMID- 671543
TI  - Sequence and evolution of mouse satellite DNA.

PMID- 671544
TI  - Microtubule reassembly in vitro of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus sperm tail outer
      doublet tubulin.

PMID- 671545
TI  - Kinetics of the co-operative reaction of Helix pomatia hemocyanin with oxygen.
      Oxygen binding at low and intermediate oxygen saturations.

PMID- 671546
TI  - Crystal structure of the human Fab fragment Kol and its comparison with the
      intact Kol molecule.

PMID- 671547
TI  - Modification of mitochondrial ribosomal RNA from hamster cells: the presence of
      GmG and late-methylated UmGmU in the large subunit (17S) RNA.

PMID- 671548
TI  - Spacing of polypyrimidine regions in mouse DNA as determined by poly(adenylate,
      guanylate) binding.

PMID- 671549
TI  - Preferential incorporation of [3H]thymidine into polypyrimidine-containing
      regions in DNA following ultraviolet irradiation of human cells.

PMID- 671550
TI  - Preliminary x-ray studies of the interaction of salmon sperm DNA with spermine.

PMID- 671551
TI  - Muscle thick filament mass measured by electron scattering.

PMID- 671552
TI  - The size and messenger RNA activity of bacteriophage T7 late transcripts
      synthesized in vivo.

PMID- 671553
TI  - A correlative microscopical analysis of differentiating ovarian follicles of
      mammals.
AB  - The mammalian ovary has been studied by optical microscopy and by scanning and
      transmission electron microscopy with the purpose of presenting an integrated
      view of the differentiating mammalian follicle. During follicular development,
      changes in the granulosa cells are particularly noteworthy and include dramatic
      modifications in cell shape coincident with antrum formation. The cytoplasmic
      processes of those granulosa cells immediately surrounding the oocyte, as well as
      the more peripheral granulosa cells comprising a second and third layer, traverse
      the zona pellucida, infrequently interdigitate with the microvilli of the egg,
      and make both desmosomal and gap junction contacts with the oocyte. The zona
      pellucida is thus distinguished by numerous fenestrations of varying diameters.
      The membrana limitans (basal lamina) is a bipartite structure composed of (a) a
      homogenous stratum upon which the peripheral layer of granulosa cells rests, and
      (b) an outer region of collagen-like fibers. The specific advantages and
      limitations of the different methodologies utilized to study folliculo-genesis
      are discussed.

PMID- 671554
TI  - Cyclic changes in fine structure of the epithelium lining the ovary of the
      viviparous teleost, Cymatogaster aggregata (Perciformes: Embiotocidae).
AB  - The most striking morphological feature of the ovarian epithelium of Cymatogaster
      is the presence of intercellular dilations during much of the year. These
      dilations increase markedly in volume during the several months prior to
      ovulation and fertilization, and decrease in volume during the months of
      embryogenesis and gestation. The epithelium then returns to its initial,
      relatively undifferentiated state. The extracellular material within the
      dilations likely is synthesized in the cells adjacent to or within the dilations.
      Apparently most of this material is released into the ovarian lumen when the
      apicolateral margins of adjacent epithelial cells pull apart; possibly it serves
      as nutrient for developing embryos. In addition to supporting embryogenesis, the
      ovarian epithelium also apparently is involved in sperm storage. Sperm are
      maintained within pockets in the ovarian epithelium for the several months
      between insemination and fertilization. The cells lining the sperm pocket do not
      develop the intercellular dilations characteristic of most of the ovarian
      epithelium, and sperm remain associated only with the sperm pocket cells.

PMID- 671555
TI  - Further scanning electron microscope studies of lizard auditory papillae.
AB  - The papillae basilares of 12 species of lizards from seven different families
      were studied by SEM. The iguanids, Sceloporus magister and S. occidentalis, have
      typical "iguanid type" papillae with central short-ciliated unidirectional hair
      cell segments and apical and basal long-ciliated bidirectional hair cell
      segments. These species of Sceloporus are unique among iquanids in that the
      bidirectional segments consist of but two rows of hair cells. The agamids, Agama
      agama and Calotes nigrolabius, have an "agamid-anguid type" papilla consisting of
      an apical short-ciliated unidirectional segment. Agama agama is unusual in having
      a few long-ciliated hair cells at the apical end of the apical short-ciliated
      segment. The agamid, Uromastix sp., has an "iguanid type" papilla with a central
      short-ciliated unidirectional segment and apical and basal bidirectional
      segments. The anguid, Ophisaurus ventralis, has an "iguanid" papillar pattern
      with the short-ciliated segment centrally located. All the short-ciliated hair
      cells of the above species are covered by a limbus-attached tectorial network or
      cap and the long-ciliated hair cells, only by loose tectorial strands. The
      lacertids, Lacerta viridis and L. galloti, have papillae divided into two
      separate segments. The shorter apical segment consists of opposingly oriented,
      widely separated short-ciliated cells covered by a heavy tectorial membrane. The
      apical portion of the longer basal segment consists of unidirectionally oriented
      hair cells, while the greater part of the segment has opposingly oriented hair
      cells. The xantusiids, Xantusia vigilis and X. henshawi, have papillae made up of
      separate small apical segments and elongated basal segments. The apical hair
      cells are largely, but not exclusively, unidirectional and are covered by a heavy
      tectorial cap. The basal strip is bidirectional and the hair cells are covered by
      sallets. The kinocilial heads are arrowhead-shaped. The papilla of the cordylid,
      Cordylus jonesii, is very similar to that of Xantusia except that the apical
      segment is not completely separated from the basal strip. The papilla of the
      Varanus bengalensis is divided into a shorter apical and a longer basal segment.
      The hair cells of the entire apical and the basal three quarters of the basal
      segment are opposingly oriented, not with reference to the midpapillary axis but
      randomly to either the neural or abneural direction. The apical quarter of the
      basal segment contains unidirectional, abneurally oriented hair cells. The entire
      papilla is covered by a dense tectorial membrane. The functional correlations of
      the above structural variables are discussed.

PMID- 671556
TI  - Structure and ultrastructure of the testis and sperm formation in goodeid
      teleosts.
AB  - Testis structure in four species of goodeid teleosts is described. Testicular
      tubules terminate blindly at the testis periphery where spermatogonia are
      located. In goodeid teleosts, development of sperm takes place synchronously
      within cysts whose periphery is made up of a single layer of Sertoli cells. Upon
      completion of spermiogenesis, spermiation ensues wherein sperm are shed, as
      spermatozeugmata, into the testis efferent duct system. Subsequently, Sertoli
      cells, which comprised the cyst periphery, transform into efferent duct cells.
      Sertoli cells phagocytize residual bodies and are involved in the formation of
      spermatozeugmata. The structure of the goodeid spermatozeugmatum is quite
      different from that observed in the related poeciliids. It is concluded, in view
      of this and other considerations, that the goodeids and poeciliids have
      independently evolved solutions to the problems of internal fertilization and
      gestation.

PMID- 671557
TI  - Papillary projections at the lingual margin in the striped dolphin, Stenella
      coeruleoalba, with special reference to their development and regression.
AB  - Papillary projections along the anterolateral margin of the tongue were observed
      in fetal and young stages of the striped dolphin, Stenella coeruleoalba.
      Papillary projections appear in the prenatal period and attain maximum
      development in the early postnatal period. They almost disappear by weaning.
      Vestigial eminences remain at the corresponding region, but they completely
      disappear in the adult. The papillary projections observed differ markedly from
      the lingual papillae of the general mammalian tongue as they are temporary,
      localized at the anterolateral margin and large in size. The projections were
      also present in young individuals of some other dolphins. No taste buds could be
      seen on the projections in any of the stages of all specimens observed. Such
      projections may have important mechanical functions during suckling in these
      mammals.

PMID- 671558
TI  - The morphology of the mucous gland and its responses to prolactin in the skin of
      the red-spotted newt.
AB  - The mucous gland of the red-spotted newt, Notophthalamus viridescens viridescens,
      Rafinesque was examined by histochemical and ultrastructural techniques and its
      cytological responses to various hormonal conditions were studied. Its secretory
      epithelial cells produce and release in merocrine fashion a neutral, unsulphated
      mucosubstance. The secretory epithelium is bounded peripherally by a thin, but
      apparent non-functional, myoepithelium. The duct of this mucous gland consists of
      a single keratinized tubular cell that extends from the neck region of the gland
      to the surface of the epidermis. Mucous secretion is absent or greatly reduced on
      the skins of newts maintained under laboratory conditions for a few weeks but
      reappears after injection of ovine prolactin. Mucous glands in laboratory
      conditioned animals show a 4-fold increase in volume brought about by the
      engorgement of their epithelial cells with secretory granules. Ovine prolactin
      reduces the volume of the glands to unconditioned levels with a corresponding
      reduction in granular content, suggesting that prolactin functions in the release
      of the granules. This view is reinforced by the findings that autotransplantation
      of the pituitary gland prevents the conditioning effect and that glandular volume
      increases in autotransplanted animals given ergocornine. Granular accumulation
      begins also in hypophysectomized newts but ceases after a week, indicating the
      need for some hypophyseal factor in the synthesis as well as the release of the
      granules. Ovine prolactin restores mucous glands of hypophysectomized newts to
      the unconditioned state. Contrary to earlier findings, ovine prolactin induces a
      reduction in the volume of the mucous gland in thyroidectomized newts.

PMID- 671559
TI  - Amino acid-directed nucleic acid synthesis. A possible mechanism in the origin of
      life.
AB  - The fact that proteins contain only alpha-amino acids and that protein structure
      is determined by 3' leads to 5' linked ribonucleotides is postulated to be the
      result of the copolymerization of these molecules in the prebiotic environment.
      Ribonucleotides therefore represent partial degradation products and proteins
      represent a side reaction developing from copolymerization. The basic structural
      unit of copolymerization is a nucleotide substituted with an amino acid at the 2'
      postion. Characteristics of modern amino and ribonucleic acid structure are all
      consistent with and necessary for this hypothesis. The characteristics and
      individual base assignemnts of the code also provide strong support for origin
      from the postulated copolymers. All characteristics of the code can be accounted
      for by this single hypothesis.

PMID- 671560
TI  - Codons and nearest-neighbor nucleotide pairs in mammalian messenger RNA.
AB  - The codons in four mammalian messenger RNAs (rabbit beta hemoglobin, rat pre
      proinsulin, rat pre-growth hormone and human chorionic somatomammotropin) show a
      predominance of C and G in third nucleotide positions. The C:U ratio is about 2
      to 1, and the G:A ratio is about 4 to 1. The possibility is discussed that this
      disproportionally resulted from DNA replicative errors that favor C.G pairs over
      A.T pairs, as found in the E. coli mut T strain. "Nearest neighbor" base pairs
      ("doublets") in the protein-coding regions of phiX174 and in four mammalian mRNAs
      have been compared. Mammalian mRNA has a low content of CpG in comparison with
      expectations from its C and G content.

PMID- 671561
TI  - Construction of phylogenetic trees for proteins and nucleic acids: empirical
      evaluation of alternative matrix methods.
AB  - The methods of Fitch and Margoliash and of Farris for the construction of
      phylogenetic trees were compared. A phenetic clustering technique--the UPGMA
      method--was also considered. The three methods were applied to difference
      matrices obtained from comparison of macromolecules by immunological, DNA
      hybridization, electrophoretic, and amino acid sequencing techniques. To evaluate
      the results, we used the goodness-of-fit criterion. In some instances, the F-M
      and Farris methods gave a comparably good fit of the output to the input data,
      though in most cases the F-M procedure gave a much better fit. By the fit
      criterion, the UPGMA procedure was on the average better than the Farris method
      but not as good as the F-M procedure. On the basis of the results given in this
      report and the goodness-of-fit criterion, it is suggested that where input data
      are likely to include overestimates as well as true estimates and underestimates
      of the actual distances between taxonomic units, the F-M method is the most
      reasonable to use for constructing phylogenies from distance matrices.
      Immunological, DNA hybridization, and electrophoretic data fall into this
      category. By contrast, where it is known that each input datum is indeed either a
      true estimate or an underestimate of the actual distance between 2 taxonomic
      units, the Farris procedure appears, on theoretical grounds, to be the matrix
      method of choice. Amino acid and nucleotide sequence data are in this category.

PMID- 671562
TI  - A method for detecting distant evolutionary relationships between protein or
      nucleic acid sequences in the presence of deletions or insertions.
AB  - A method for detecting homology between two protein or nucleic acid sequences
      which require insertions or deletions for optimum alignment has been devised for
      use with a computer. Sequences are assessed for possible relationship by Monte
      Carlo methods involving comparisons between the alignment of the real sequences
      and alignments of randomly scrambled sequences of the same composition as the
      real sequences, each alignment having the optimum number of gaps. As each gap is
      successively introduced into a comparison (real or random) a maximum score is
      determined from the similarity of the aligned residues. From the distribution of
      the maximum alignment scores of randomly scrambled sequences having the same
      number of gaps, the percentage of random comparisons having higher scores is
      determined, and the smallest of these percentage levels for each pair of
      sequences (real or random) indicates the optimum alignment. The fraction of the
      comparisons of random sequences having percentage levels at their optimum
      alignment below that of the real sequence comparison at its optimum estimates the
      probability that such an alignment might have arisen by chance. Related sequences
      are detected since their optimum alignment score, by virtue of a contribution
      from ancestral homology in addition to optimised random considerations, occupies
      a more extreme position in the appropriate frequency distribution of score than
      do the majority of optimum scores of randomly scrambled sequences in their
      appropriate distributions. Application of this 'optimum match' method of sequence
      comparison shows that the sensitivity of the 'maximum match' method of Needleman
      and Wunsch (1970) decreases quite dramatically with sequence comparisons which
      require only a few gaps for a reasonable alignment, or when sequences differ
      greatly in length. The 'maximum match' method as applied by Barker and Dayhoff
      (1972) has the additional disadvantage that deletions which have occurred in the
      longer of two homologous protein sequences further decrease the sensitivity of
      detection of relationship. The 'constrained match' method of Sankoff and
      Cedergren (1973) is seen to be misleading since large increments in the alignment
      score from added gaps do not necessarily result in a high total alignment score
      required to demonstrate sequence homology.

PMID- 671563
TI  - Bioorganic chemistry and the origin of life.
AB  - A challenging theme in bioorganic chemistry is the unification of established
      theories of biochemistry and organic chemistry to provide new patterns for
      interpretation and experimentation. Especially relevant examples of such
      interactions can be drawn from the field of enzyme catalysis and, in particular,
      the role of cofactors therein. Knowledge of the chemical mechanisms by which some
      of the cofactors function has progressed rapidly with the aid of studies of the
      cofactors themselves (or compounds of related structure, "models") stripped of
      the accompanying apoenzyme. The striking successes in this field likely arise
      from a fundamental resemblance between bioorganic chemistry (especially coenzyme
      models) and chemical evolution before the appearance of coded polypeptide
      enzymes.

PMID- 671564
TI  - Formation of the imidazolides of dinucleotides under potentially prebiotic
      conditions.
AB  - Imidazolides of dinucleotides such as ImpApA can be formed from the corresponding
      dinucleotides in a two-stage process, which gives up to 15% yields under
      potentially prebiotic conditions. First a solution of the dinucleotide and sodium
      trimetaphosphate is dried out at constant temperature and humidity. This produces
      polyphosphates such pnApA in excellent yield (greater than or equal to 80%). The
      products are dissolved in water, imidazole is added, and the solution is dried
      out again. This yields the 5'--phosphorimidazolides.

PMID- 671565
TI  - Radiolysis, racemization and the origin of molecular asymmetry in the biosphere.
AB  - An investigation has been undertaken to determine whether ionizing radiation
      might engender racemization of optically active amino acids, along with their
      usual radiolysis. As prototypes, crystalline D- and L-leucine, as well as aqueous
      solutions of their sodium salts were exposed to the radiation from a 3000 Ci 60Co
      gamma-ray source. Gamma-ray doses which caused about 68% radiolysis of solid
      leucine left a residue which was about 5% racemized, while racemization proved
      even greater at lower doses for the dissolved sodium salts. In aqueous solution
      both percent degradation and percent racemization of the sodium salts were
      proportional to gamma-ray dosage within the range employed (1--27 x 10(6) rads).
      Implications of these observations for the origin of molecular asymmetry by the
      beta-decay parity violation mechanism are discussed.

PMID- 671566
TI  - Management of extremity with combined neurovascular and musculoskeletal trauma.
AB  - Twenty-five civilians with combined neurovascular and musculo-skeletal trauma to
      27 extremities were studied retrospectively. The mechanism of injury was crushing
      in 16, avulstion in six, and penetrating in three. Autogenous saphenous vein was
      used to restore arterial circulation in the majority. Nine patients had
      concurrent repair of venous injuries. Fractures were immobilized by a variety of
      techniques, the Hoffman external skeletal fixation being preferred. Immediate
      fasciotomy was performed in five patients and delayed fasciotomy in four. All
      patients had soft-tissue debridement and initial wound closure with split-skin
      grafts as biologic dressings. Three immediate amputations were the result of
      irreversible neurovascular and soft-tissue trauma. Sepsis played a role in three
      late amputations; delayed primary treatment,, irreversible neurologic injuries
      and extensive soft-tissue damage contributed. A carefully individualized
      multidisciplinary approach resulted in salvage of 20 of 27 severely injured
      extremities.

PMID- 671567
TI  - Shotgun injuries of the upper extremity.
AB  - Although most reports of civilian gunshot injuries consist mainly of wounds
      inflicted by handguns, shotgun wounds deserve special consideration. Longrange
      shotgun wounds rarely pose a problem; however, medium- and close range wounds of
      the penetrating and perforating type may inflict substantial soft-tissue loss,
      bone defects and comminution, and loss of nerve and vessel continuity. Because of
      the complex and multiple system involvement by shotgun wounds, a greater
      challenge exists to obtain a successful, functional result. The challenge is most
      appropriately met by an aggressive approach of early operative exploration and
      debridement of the wound, internal stablization of the bony fragments, vascular
      repair when indicated, and exploration and identification of nerve deficits,
      followed by an early wound closure.

PMID- 671568
TI  - The significance of chest wall injury in the diagnosis of traumatic aneurysms of
      the thoracic aorta.
AB  - It has been suggested that patients sustaining blunt chest injury severe enough
      to result insignificant bony injury to the thorax may have traumatic aneurysms of
      the thoracic aorta in the absence of th widened mediastinum on plain film. To
      test the validity of this hypothesis, we performed aortograms on 14 patients with
      severe blunt chest injury but an otherwise normal chese X-ray. None of these
      patients was found to have an aortic injury. By contrast, of 21 patients with
      severe chest injury and a widened mediastinum who underwent thoracic aortography
      eight were found to have traumatic aneurysms of the thoracic aorta. These results
      suggest that in the absence of a widened mediastinum, severe chest wall injury is
      not an indication for aortography.

PMID- 671569
TI  - Management of fractures of the supraorbital rim.
AB  - The frequency of supraorbital rim fractures is increasing as incidence of
      motorcycle and bicycle accidents increases. These fractures are frequently
      depressed, comminuted, and often extend into the frontal sinus. Open reduction
      and fixation are the treatment of choice. Adequate debridement and cleansing with
      preservation of periosteum and blood supply are recommended. Unstable fragments
      can be fixed to the frontal bone or stabilized by suturing the torn periosteum.
      Severely comminuted supraorbital frontal sinus fractures may require
      stabilization via frontal sinus pack or balloon. We feel the latter is preferable
      and both Foley and Fogarty catheters have been successfully used.

PMID- 671570
TI  - Analysis of treatment problems in subtraochanteric fractures of the femur.
AB  - In a retrospective study of 82 subtrochanteric fractures of the femur in the St.
      Paul-Ramsey Hospital, there were 32 treated by traction, 50 by open reduction and
      internal fixation. In adults 50% of those treated by traction had undesirable
      results using strict criteria for varus, shortening, and rotational deformity:
      21% of those treated by operation had undesirable results due to varus,
      rotational deformity, medial migration of the distal fragment, and nonunion. Good
      resutls are related to stable reduction and individualization of a particular
      implant based on the fracture pattern, including reconstruction of the medial
      cortical wall, and close contact of the fracture fragments during healing. If
      reduction is not achievable, bone grafting and extra protection are required. If
      reduction can be predicted as not achievable, good results can be obtained with
      traction although the healing period is longer. In the presence of a residual gap
      in the medial surface of the femur in the region of the lesser trochanter, poor
      results are frequent.

PMID- 671571
TI  - Regional burn survey: two years of hospitalized burned patients in central New
      York.
AB  - A 2-year survey of burn victims in a  15-county region was conducted to help
      define the need for a burn unit. There were 1,165 patients hospitalized for burn
      care; 58 patients were transferred; 32 to more sophisticated facilities, 15 out
      of state. The mean hospitalization rate was 33/100,000; 95/100,000 for persons
      under 2 year old. The 42 hospitals, in the region treated an average of 14 burn
      patients each year. Scalds accounted for 39% of all burns and 85% of burns in
      children under 2. Burn-related deaths numbered 143: 4/100,000. House fires were
      responsible for 90 deaths. Despite incomplete records and the lack of firm
      criteria for burn severity, regional burn data describe the health care system,
      as it relates to burns, and identify high risk groups. The range inseverity of
      thermal injuries is great; the quality of care provided is difficult to assess.

PMID- 671572
TI  - Cervical fractures and fracture-dislocations sustained without head impact.
AB  - Because of its flexibility and structure, the cervical spine is disposed to
      various mechanisms of injury: although not so common as injuries caused by head
      impacts, cervical fractures and/or fracture-dislocations have been reported
      without direct impact to the head. Some cervical injuries reported have been
      sustained by wearers of lap and shoulder belts in auto accidents; however, we do
      not consider belt use a potential hazard because ample evidence has accrued in
      the medical and engineering literature to document general injury and fatality
      reduction by use of seatbelts. We believe that in many instances occupants would
      be more seriously injured or killed were belts not worn. The present paper
      reviews reports of cervical injuries without head impact found in the literature
      and case histories of such injuries from the Highway Safety Research Institute of
      The University of Michigan, as well as experimental studies in animals, cadavers,
      and volunteer subjects.

PMID- 671573
TI  - Traumatic thoracobiliary (pleurobiliary and bronchobiliary) fistulas: clinical
      and review study.
AB  - Thoracobiliary fistulas are rare complications of thoracoabdominal trauma, with
      high morbidity and potentially high mortality. Our experience with four cases and
      12 other cases collected from the literature are reviewed. All patients were male
      and average age was 25 years. Five had blunt trauma, three had stab wounds, and
      eight, gunshot wounds. All had diaphragmatic and hepatic injuries. Bronchobiliary
      fistulas with biliptysis developed in seven patients. Fever, cough, chest and RUQ
      pains were the most common presenting symptoms. Pleural effusion and elevated
      right hemidiaphragm were the most common X-ray findings. Bile empyema developed
      in 2/3 of the patients. Early diagnosis, tube thoracostomy with adequate drainage
      of all subphrenic billious collections, and secure closure of all diaphragmatic
      perforations are essential in successful management of most of these fistulas.
      Thoracotomy, however, is indicated in chronic and complicated fistulas, and
      should not be delayed beyond 3 weeks. Judicious use of appropriate antibiotics is
      a necessary adjunct to adequate surgical management of these fistulas. All 16
      patients survived.

PMID- 671574
TI  - Survival following a gunshot wound of the abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava.
AB  - A case with survival following a point-blank .32 caliber gunshot wound of the
      abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava is presented. The patient, a young male
      also had multiple other abdominal injuries. A Dacron graft was used in the aorta,
      lateral suture in the vena cava, other injuries were repaired, and antibiotic
      treatment and irrigation performed. Packed red blood cells, Ringer's lactate,
      Plasmanate and nutritional support with medium chain triglycerides and ketones by
      mouth and amino acids by IV were given.

PMID- 671575
TI  - Freeze-fracture of Xenopus laevis kidney: rod-shaped particles in the canalicular
      membrane of the collecting tubule flask cell.

PMID- 671576
TI  - [Spermatogenesis in Acanthocephala. Flagellogenesis in an Acanthocephala:
      positioning and disorganization of the spermatic axoneme].

PMID- 671577
TI  - Effects of thermic shock on HEp-2 cells. An ultrastructural and high-resolution
      autoradiographic study.

PMID- 671578
TI  - The ultrastructure of the rickettsia-like microorganism Wolbachia pipientis and
      associated virus-like bodies in the mosquito Culex pipiens.

PMID- 671579
TI  - Structure of inner membranes in rat heart muscle mitochondria as revealed by
      means of freeze-fracturing.

PMID- 671580
TI  - The structure of the surface membranes in rat heart muscle mitochondria as
      revealed by freeze-fracturing.

PMID- 671581
TI  - Spermatogenesis in males of the free-living nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans.

PMID- 671582
TI  - Ultrastructure of partially decondensed human spermatozoal chromatin.

PMID- 671583
TI  - Sequence complexity and relative abundance of vaccinia virus mRNA's synthesized
      in vivo and in vitro.
AB  - The sequence complexity and relative abundance of vaccinia virus mRNA's,
      synthesized in vivo and in vitro, have been measured by DNA-RNA hybridization. Up
      to 42% of [3H]thymidine-labeled virus DNA can be protected from digestion with
      nuclease S1, a single-strand specific nuclease, after annealing to excess
      polyadenylylated mRNA obtained at 7 h after infection. In contrast, only 26% of
      vaccinia virus DNA is protected when hybridized to polyadenylylated RNA obtained
      at 2 h after infection in the presence of an inhibitor of DNA synthesis. That the
      94 kilobases transcribed early are a subset of the 152 kilobases present late was
      suggested by hybridization of DNA with a mixture of early and late RNAs. Some
      control of transcription is lost when virus purified by procedures that include
      sonic treatment is used for infection since under these conditions similar
      proportions of DNA are protected by either excess early or late RNA. Excess RNA,
      synthesized in vitro by enzymes within purified vaccinia virus particles,
      hybridized to approximately the same fraction of the DNA as did RNA present at
      late times in vivo. A second type of transcriptional control was demonstrated by
      kinetic analysis of the hybridization of polyadenylylated RNA to labeled DNA.
      With virion DNA used as the probe, a single abundance class for early RNA, two
      classes differing 11-fold in abundance for late RNA, and two classes differing 43
      fold in abundance for in vitro RNA were found. To be able to detect high
      abundance RNAs of very low sequence complexity, labeled complementary DNA probes
      to early, late, and in vitro polyadenylylated RNA  were used. Evidence that, at
      late times, RNAs totaling 9 kilobases of sequence complexity are present 40 to
      500 times more frequently than the bulk of the virus-specific RNA was obtained.
      In contrast, the highest abundance class of RNA present at 2 h after infection
      corresponded to 7 kilobases present in only a 13-fold molar excess over the
      majority of virus-specific sequences. RNA synthesized in vitro was found to
      contain a small amount of sequence information, approximately 2 kilobases, which
      occurred 150 times more frequently than the majority of viral sequences. Studies
      using hybridization of viral DNA to labeled complementary DNA probes also
      suggested that 52 to 59% of the polyadenylylated RNA present at 2 h after
      infection and 82 to 92% of that at 7 h are virus specific.

PMID- 671584
TI  - Heat inactivation of vaccinia virus particle-associated functions: properties of
      heated particles in vivo and in vitro.
AB  - The heat inactivation characteristics of several vaccinia virus particle
      associated functions known to be involved in the transcription of the genome were
      examined. All functions were more resistant to heat than infectivity.
      Noninfectious particles were generated which exhibited significant levels of
      activity of all enzymes examined, and their properties were investigaed both in
      vitro and in vivo. RNA was synthesized in vitro by such particles, although
      transport of the RNA into the surrounding medium was defective. This RNA was
      larger than that made in normal particles but it was polyadenylated and
      functioned in vitro as a message coding for normal early proteins. The sequences
      transcribed were similar to those transcribed in normal particles, and we suggest
      that the production of abnormally large RNA is due to a defect in transcriptional
      termination. We could not detect any virus-specific protein or RNA synthesis in
      cells exposed to these inactivated particles and conclude that the loss of
      infectivity caused by heating is due to a general decline in the activities of a
      number of particle functions.

PMID- 671585
TI  - Effect of UV irradiation on the expression of vaccinia virus gene products
      synthesized in a cell-free system coupling transcription and translation.
AB  - The effect of UV irradiation on the expression of the vaccinia virus genome was
      investigated in a cell-free system coupling transcription with translation.
      Exposure of vaccinia virus to an increasing dose of irradiation resulted in
      differential reduction in the syntheses of virus-specified polypeptides in the
      coupled system, with sensitivity being proportional to the size of the gene pro
      duct. This suggests that each translationally functional mRNA species produced in
      vitro by vaccinia virus cores is synthesized from an individual promoter site.

PMID- 671586
TI  - Adenovirus type 2 early proteins synthesized in vitro and in vivo: identification
      in infected cells of the 38,000- to 50,000- molecular-weight protein encoded by
      the left end of the adenovirus type 2 genome.
AB  - Analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of protein
      synthesized early after injection of human cells with adenovirus type 2 (Ad2)
      showed that polypeptides of 11,000 (11K), 12K, 14K, 15K, 19K, 21K, 24K, and 72k
      molecular weight were present in infected but not in mock-infected cells. These
      polypeptides corresponded in electrophoretic mobility to the following
      polypeptides synthesized in vitro by using mRNA complementary to specific regions
      of the Ad2 genome: 11K, 19K, 21K (91.5 to 96.8 map units), 14K (78.2 to 83.4 map
      units), 72K (62.4 to 67.9 map units), and 15K (4.9 to 11.0 map units).
      Polypeptides of 25K, 17K, 15.5K, and 13K were also synthesized in vitro, but have
      not yet been detected in infected cells. In addition, six adeno-specific
      polypeptides of 38 to 50K molecular weight could be discerned in infected cells
      if two-dimensional isoelectric focusing-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was
      used to compare extracts from infected and mock-infected cells. Partial protease
      digestion showed these 38 to 50K polypeptides to be related in sequence to each
      other and to the 40 to 50K polypeptide made in vitro (1.3 to 4.0 map units).

PMID- 671587
TI  - Peptide mapping characterization of viral proteins generated in a cell-free
      coupled system for the transcription and translation of influenza virus mRNA.
AB  - In a coupled cell-free system for the transcription and translation of the
      influenza mRNA's, containing detergent-disrupted purified NWS influenza virion
      and a micrococcal nuclease-preincubated rabbit reticulocyte lysate, five
      unglycosylated viral proteins (NS1, M, NP, P1, and P3) were easily produced and
      isolated. Their identification was based on the electrophoretic separation of
      peptide fragments resulting from their partial digestion with proteases of
      restricted specificity (D.W. Cleveland, S. G. Fisher, N. W. Kirschner, and U. K.
      Laemmli, J. Biol. Chem. 252:1102-1106, 1977).

PMID- 671588
TI  - Soluble endoribonuclease activity from vaccinia virus: specific cleavage of
      virion-associated high-molecular-weight RNA.
AB  - A soluble endoribonuclease activity was extracted from purified vaccinia virus
      cores by treatment with sodium-deoxycholate and dithiothreitol. The soluble
      enzyme readily cleaved purified virion-associated high-molecular-weight RNA to
      limit-sized fragments sedimenting at 8 to 12S. Purified virion-released 8 to 12S
      polyadenylated mRNA was not degraded by the enzyme extract. The soluble
      endoribonuclease did not require the presence of ribonucleoside triphosphates for
      activity.

PMID- 671589
TI  - Adenovirus type 12 gene 401 function in transforming infection.
AB  - The temperature-sensitive DNA-minus mutant, H12ts401, transformed two to eight
      times more hamster embryo cells than wild-type 12 adenovirus at 38.5 degrees C,
      but was unable to establish transformation of cultures of hamster embryo brain
      and rat 3Y1 cells at 41.5 and 40 degrees C, respectively. Another H12ts406 DNA
      minus mutant was not defective in cell transformation at these restrictive
      temperatures. Both mutants, however, induced T-antigen and cell DNA synthesis
      after infection of 3Y1 cells at 40 degrees C.

PMID- 671590
TI  - Coma and hyperchloremic acidosis.

PMID- 671591
TI  - Postoperative management of patients with pheochromocytoma.
AB  - The optimal preoperative and postoperative management of patients with
      pheochromocytoma demands a multidisciplinary approach. We report on 5 recent
      patients to illustrate the large volumes of fluid needed in the early
      postoperative period. This large fluid requirement is owing to a combination of a
      change in vascular compliance after excision of a pheochromocytoma, the residual
      effects of specific preoperative medications (phenoxybenzamine and alpha-methyl-p
      tyrosine) and the loss of fluid into the retroperitoneal compartment (third
      space) produced by extensive dissection. It takes 3 half-lives (36 hours) to
      dissipate the effects of phenoxybenzamine and alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine, which
      corresponds to the time in which these patients require large volumes of
      intravenous fluids.

PMID- 671592
TI  - Conservative surgery in solitary and bilateral renal carcinoma: indications and
      technical considerations.
AB  - Seven patients presented with solitary or bilateral renal carcinoma. All 4
      patients treated by partial nephrectomy are well and 3 are free of disease
      (followup of 24 to 32 months). A survey of similar series reveals a survival of
      78 per cent in patients with solitary renal tumors undergoing partial nephrectomy
      (mean followup of 52 months). Since the projected survival in patients undergoing
      chronic hemodialysis for the same interval is only 65 per cent partial
      nephrectomy, when technically feasible, would appear to be the treatment of
      choice in solitary renal carcinoma. In cases involving bilateral lesions the
      survival rate after partial nephrectomy seems to be similar to that of cases on
      hemodialysis.

PMID- 671593
TI  - Surgical treatment of deformity and coital difficulty in healed traumatic rupture
      of the corpora cavernosa.

PMID- 671594
TI  - Management of renal carbuncle.

PMID- 671595
TI  - Re: balanced bladder function in spinal cord injury patients.

PMID- 671596
TI  - Urinary bladder foreign body removal.

PMID- 671597
TI  - Radionuclide kidney function evaluation in the management of urolithiasis.
AB  - Renal and ureteral stones may cause asymmetrical renal damage that is not
      measured accurately by serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen studies,
      excretory urography, nephrotomography and arteriography. We evaluated with a
      renal scintillation camera study 77 patients who had renal or ureteral calculi.
      The radionuclide procedure provided an accurate measure of total effective renal
      plasma flow and differential effective renal plasma flow. It had the additional
      advantages of being a non-invasive procedure, causing no allergic reactions,
      requiring no patient preparation and producing low radiation exposure.

PMID- 671598
TI  - Renal vein renin concentration in the hypertension of unilateral reflux
      nephropathy.
AB  - Hypertension is a frequent complication of reflux nephropathy. The cause of this
      hypertension is unknown. Our study was undertaken to assess the possible role of
      the renin-angiotensin system in the hypertension associated with unilateral
      reflux nephropathy. We selected for study 17 normotensive and 12 hypertensive
      patients with strictly unilateral reflux nephropathy. There were 3 normotensive
      and 2 hypertensive patients with a renal vein renin ratio exceeding 1.5. Of these
      3 normotensive patients 1 had evidence from divided renal function studies to
      suggest functional renal ischemia. No consistent evidence was obtained to support
      the concept that the renin-angiotensin system has a primary role in the non
      malignant hypertension of unilateral reflux nephropathy.

PMID- 671599
TI  - Extraperitoneal gas following nephrectomy: patterns and duration.
AB  - The amount and duration of extraperitoneal gas in normal patients after major
      renal operations have not been documented. This air may be difficult to separate
      from that owing to abdominal abscess and, therefore, can be a potential source of
      diagnostic error in the febrile postoperative patient. A prospective study was
      performed on 41 postoperative patients to determine the incidence, duration and
      pattern of extraperitoneal gas in patients undergoing renal operations. No
      patient had an abscess. Of the abdominal films obtained between 1 and 4 days
      postoperatively 92 per cent demonstrated gas, 71 per cent were positive between 5
      and 8 days and 61 per cent were positive between 9 and 12 days postoperatively.
      Over-all, 34 of 41 patients had extraperitoneal gas demonstrated on the
      postoperative abdominal radiographs. Linear and bubbly patterns were demonstrated
      and, in many cases, the appearance was indistinguishable from that of an abscess.
      It is important that the benign nature of this postoperative gas be appreciated
      and not mistaken for an abdominal abscess.

PMID- 671600
TI  - Surgery for renal cell carcinoma extending into the inferior vena cava.
AB  - We have reviewed 26 patients with renal cell carcinoma extending into the
      inferior vena cava, 21 of whom underwent radical nephrectomy with either
      venacavotomy and tumor thrombectomy, or vena cava resection. Of 12 patients who
      presented with localized neoplasm 6 (50 per cent) are currently alive. Poor
      results were obtained in 9 patients who had preoperative metastatic disease. Over
      all operative mortality was 14 per cent and morbidity was minimal, with no
      pulmonary emboli intraoperatively or postoperatively.

PMID- 671601
TI  - Ileal loop in the treatment of radiation-treated pelvic malignancies: a
      comparative review.
AB  - Critical analysis of ureteroileal diversion in the treatment of pelvic tumors in
      which prior radiation therapy was administered has prompted us to review our
      experience with ileal loops after patients have been irradiated. Between 1970 and
      1975, 136 adults underwent ureteroileal bypass. Of these patients 36 had
      preoperative irradiation for various pelvic malignancies, 44 had malignancies but
      no irradiation and 56 were operated upon for neurogenic bladders. Major morbidity
      in the irradiated group included wound infections (33 per cent), ureteroileal
      urinary leaks (19.4 per cent) and paralytic ileus (13.9 per cent). The average
      postoperative hospital stay for this group was 8 to 11 days longer than that of
      the other 2 groups. In contrast, however, the overall incidence of reoperations
      for various complications in the irradiated group was only 11 per cent, compared
      to 25 per cent in the group not given preoperative radiation and 30.4 per cent of
      those operated upon for neurogenic bladders. Most significantly, none of the
      patients in the irradiated group required re-exploration and surgical correction
      of ureteroileal urinary fistulae. Comparison of these results to those reported
      in the literature is favorable. The ileal loop remains a simple and viable
      operative technique in patients requiring urinary diversion for pelvic
      malignancies previously irradiated.

PMID- 671602
TI  - Non-refluxing colon conduit: experience with 70 cases.
AB  - From 1969 through 1976, 70 non-refluxing colon conduit urinary diversions were
      performed on 30 adults and 40 children at the Massachusetts General Hospital.
      Although this is a longer and more complex operation to perform the rate of
      complications appears significantly less than that seen previously in patients
      with ileal loop diversions.

PMID- 671603
TI  - Closure of the bladder neck in patients undergoing continent vesicostomy for
      urinary incontinence.
AB  - The continent vesicostomy has been done on 24 patients, 10 of whom had severe
      urinary incontinence requiring closure of the bladder neck or urethra as well.
      Therefore, the bladder was converted to a closed cavity and intermittent
      catheterization is done through an abdominal stoma. No dressings or appliances
      are necessary. Bladder neck (or urethral) closure was successful in 8 of the 10
      patients. One of the failures had been incontinent and was rendered continent on
      attempted bladder neck closure and there is urethral leakage at night in the
      other patient. Intermittent catheterization through a vesicostomy stoma has been
      cleaner and more aesthetically pleasing to the patients. The bladder neck closure
      has resulted in a dry perineum with fewer skin problems.

PMID- 671604
TI  - Nitrosamine formation in bladder infections and its role in the etiology of
      bladder cancer.
AB  - Dimethylnitrosamine, a powerful carcinogen, is produced in the urine of patients
      with urinary tract infections of Proteus mirabilis and Escherichia coli when
      nitrite is present. Treatment with tetracycline antibiotics does not enhance the
      concentration of this carcinogen but, rather, sharply reduces it. The results
      emphasize the importance of proper antibiotic therapy for the infections to
      reduce the possibility of the subsequent development of bladder cancer.

PMID- 671605
TI  - Pre-clinical cytological diagnosis of bladder cancer.
AB  - The records of 100 recent urology service patients with bladder neoplasms were
      evaluated for correlation of cytological findings with clinical and histological
      diagnoses. At the time of diagnosis 83 patients had synchronous positive biopsies
      and cytologies, 3 had negative cytologies (even though urothelial cancer was
      present) and the remaining 14 had abnormal cytologies but clinical examination
      was negative. Of these 14 patients invasive cancer has been identified
      subsequently in 11, while 3 have not yet returned for clinical followup. Analysis
      of the 11 patients in whom cancer was proved eventually reveals 14 distinct
      periods, ranging from 1 to 37 months, in which cytologies were abnormal and
      concurrent clinical examinations and histological diagnoses were negative. Ten of
      these periods preceded tumor recurrence and the other 4 antedated the first
      occurrence of cancer. A relationship was found between a cytological diagnosis of
      carcinoma in situ or severe dysplasia and the presence or future appearance of
      low grade clinical cancer. Cytologies containing overtly malignant cells more
      commonly were associated with or preceded the appearance of high grade cancers.
      In these 11 patients the sensitivity of a single spontaneously voided urine
      specimen was 97 per cent but the sensitivity was 100 per cent when 2 or more
      specimens were submitted per patient. Bladder barbotages were 100 per cent
      sensitive.

PMID- 671606
TI  - Serial multiple-site biopsies in patients with bladder cancer.
AB  - A prospective study was done on 52 patients with bladder cancer to determine the
      incidence of atypia, carcinoma in situ and carcinoma in selected site biopsies
      from normal-appearing mucosa at the time of initial and subsequent endoscopy.
      Biopsies at initial endoscopy revealed abnormalities in 33 per cent of the
      patients, while 77 per cent of 43 patients undergoing 3-month selected site
      biopsies had at least 1 abnormal biopsy during a 1-year period.

PMID- 671607
TI  - Studies in inhibitors of calcification and levels of urine saturation with
      calcium salts in recurrent stone patients.
AB  - Studies have been done on patients with recurrent renal calculous disease,
      measuring in addition to the usual serum and urine constituents the inhibiting
      capacity of the urine and the activity products of calcium oxalate, octocalcium
      phosphate and brushite. Studies on the 24-hour urine calcium, phosphorus and uric
      acid and serum calcium indicate no essential differences between patients with
      calcium oxalate, mixed or uric acid stones and normal individuals. We were unable
      to demonstrate a difference in the inhibiting capacity of the urine between
      normal individuals and patients with calcium oxalate calculi, and levels of
      saturation of urine with calcium oxalate were identical in the calcium oxalate
      stone patients and normal individuals. The degree of saturation of urine with
      calcium phosphate is significantly greater in stone patients.

PMID- 671608
TI  - Phenoxybenzamine and sweating in the spinal cord injury patient.
AB  - There were 10 patients with cervical spinal cord lesions and hyperhidrosis
      treated with the alpha-adrenergic blocking agent, phenoxybenzamine. Five of the 7
      patients completing the study experienced marked diminution or elimination of the
      profuse sweating pattern.

PMID- 671609
TI  - Effects of bethanechol chloride on the external urethral sphincter in spinal cord
      injury patients.
AB  - The neuropharmacodynamics of bethanechol chloride on the external urethral
      sphincter in male spinal cord injury patients with chronic lesions have been
      investigated. There were 90 cystosphincterometric and sphincteroperineal
      electromyographic studies conducted on 45 subjects in 4 different positions,
      showing varying urodynamic patterns. A gross postural cystophincteric discordant
      reflex was noted in the majority of patients with recent complete upper motor
      neuron bladders (less than 2 years in duration). The external sphincter tends to
      be coordinated in late cases of quadriplegics and in all paraplegics. With the
      administration of bethanechol chloride there was an increase in the striated
      sphincter pressure profile when the patient was in the sitting position,
      resulting in detrusor sphincter dyssnergia. This phenomenon seems to be dose
      related. When the dose of bethanechol chloride is adjusted according to the types
      of vesicourethral dysfunctions or in combination with dantrolene sodium the most
      beneficial non-surgical rehabilitation of the urinary tract can be obtained in
      this particular group of patients.

PMID- 671610
TI  - The etiology of non-specific urethritis in active duty Marines.
AB  - We studied patients with non-specific urethritis and control subjects at our
      dispensary. These patients and controls were matched for age, rank and sexual
      activity, and studied for the presence of bacteria, virus, Trichomonas and
      Mycoplasma. No significant bacteria were found in either group. No Trichomonas
      was identified, only 1 herpes II was recovered and no cytomegalovirus was found.
      Mycoplasma were cultured from patients and controls. The rate of colonization
      varied, depending upon several factors, but the significant factors seemed to be
      associated with the number of sexual partners. Those men with more than 1 sexual
      partner had a significantly increased colonization with Mycoplasma.

PMID- 671611
TI  - Staging profile of hypofertile male subjects.
AB  - Thirty-four hypofertile male subjects with either oligospermia or azoospermia
      underwent infertility evaluation with assay of serum follicle-stimulating
      hormone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone and testicular biopsy. Cytogenetic
      analysis of testicular tissue and peripheral leukocytes was competed on 11
      patients. Fifteen male subjects underwnet bilateral contrast vasography. These
      studies permitted segregation of the hypofertile male population from those with
      post-germinal hypofertility, primary germinal hypofertility or pre-germinal
      hypofertility. Retrospective analysis indicates that segregation of the
      hypofertile male population permits optimum selection for treatment intervention.

PMID- 671612
TI  - A simple stabilizing clamp for microscopic vasovasostomy.

PMID- 671613
TI  - Vasovasostomy: the flap technique.
AB  - The approximation of 2 pairs of broad, transverse vas flaps at right angles to
      the reanastomosis permanently widens the opening into each vas lumen. All
      patients undergoing this procedure had sperm in the ejaculates 5 weeks
      postoperatively and by 6 months there was a pregnancy rate of 64 per cent.

PMID- 671614
TI  - The accuracy of antimicrobial disk sensitivity testing in urinary tract
      infections.
AB  - Fifty bacterial strains shown resistant to ampicillin, cephalothin or
      tetracycline by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion susceptibility testing were isolated
      from patients with urinary infections. Inhibitory activity in urine of volunteers
      given these antimicrobial agents and tube dilution sensitivity testing indicated
      that agar disk diffusion gradients do not provide sufficiently high antimicrobial
      concentrations to predict accurately clinical efficacy.

PMID- 671615
TI  - Experience with measurement of bladder electrical activity.
AB  - A series of patients is presented in whom the recording of bladder electrical
      activity was performed. There was a significant difference in frequency of the
      spike activity between patients with upper and lower motor neuron injury. This
      technique would seem to offer greater clinical application in areas of bladder
      dysfunction and evaluation of drugs on the bladder.

PMID- 671616
TI  - Ultrasonic evaluation of the prostatic nodule.
AB  - Prostatic nodules detected on rectal examination of 50 patients were evaluated by
      the usual means and by prostatic ultrasonic scanning. Nodules were characterized
      as being either malignant, benign, inflammatory or stones. Those patients without
      evidence of calcification on radiography underwent prostatic biopsy and the
      histological findings were compared to the ultrasonic study. All histologically
      confirmed malignancies were diagnosed preoperatively and there were no instances
      of falsely negative ultrasonic studies.

PMID- 671617
TI  - Clinical and endocrinological evaluation of patients with congenital
      microphallus.
AB  - Eight patients with congenital microphallus were investigated. Plasma luteinizing
      hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, testosterone and androstenedione levels
      were obtained in all cases. In addition, the response to the administration of
      human chorionic gonadotropin, luteinizing horomone-releasing hormone and
      adrenocorticotropic hormone, the assessment of testicular histology by electron
      microscopy and the measurement of dihydrotestosterone formation by preputial skin
      were determined in some patients. The results of these studies were compared to
      similar studies in 6 normal prepubertal boys, 4 boys with bilateral
      cryptorchidism, 1 male infant with anorchia and 1 adult with hypogonadotropic
      hypogonadism. The clinical and endocrinological findings in the 8 patients with
      microphallus can be divided into 2 distinct categories. In 5 patients the
      disorder is familial, gonadotropin levels are low and there is a normal response
      to stimulation with chorionic gonadotropin. The data are compatible with the
      possibility that 3 (possibly 5) of the 8 patients with microphallus have
      hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. In the other group the cases are sporadic, serum
      luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone levels are elevated and
      plasma testosterone failed to increase after short-term treatment with chorionic
      gonadotropin. In these patients a primary testicular disorder appears to be
      responsible. Experimental and clinical evidence suggests that microphallus
      results from defective testicular function during the second and third trimesters
      of pregnancy, either as the result of defective gonadotropin secretion or
      defective androgen synthesis.

PMID- 671618
TI  - Renal pseudotumors: an anatomic-radiologic classification.

PMID- 671619
TI  - 99mTechnetium penicillamine scans: an index of differential renal function.
AB  - The relative renal accumulation of 99mtechnetium penicillamine was evaluated as
      an index of differential renal function. Regions of interest were assigned over
      each kidney with a computer and the renal uptake of 99mtechnetium penicillamine
      was determined. A simple background correction was made by subtracting the renal
      activity at 10 minutes from that at 25 minutes. The percentage of 99mtechnetium
      penicillamine accumulation in the left kidney was correlated with the percentage
      of the total effective renal plasma flow to the left kidney. Effective renal
      plasma flow was determined after the intravenous injection of 131 I hippuran
      using a highly sophisticated computerized technique that has been validated in
      patients by comparison with traditional split renal function studies. The
      correlation coefficient between the 2 measurements was 0.97. In addition to its
      use as an index of differential effective renal plasma flow 99mtechnetium
      penicillamine is an excellent cortical imaging agent and the relative
      distribution of 99mtechnetium penicillamine between the 2 kidneys and within a
      single kidney can be assessed qualitatively by visual inspection of the scan.

PMID- 671620
TI  - Urine cytology findings in analgesic nephropathy.
AB  - Urine cytology screening for neoplasm led to the detection of 3 urothelial
      carcinomas and 1 severe urothelial dysplasia in 98 patients with analgesic
      induced papillary necrosis. A further 18 patients had changes suggesting that
      they were at risk of incurring malignancy in the near future. Routine urine
      cytology is recommended in all cases of analgesic nephropathy.

PMID- 671621
TI  - Percutaneous nephrostomy: indications, complications and clinical usefulness.
AB  - Our experience with percutaneous nephrostomy in 22 patients is presented. This
      procedure can be accomplished readily and is safe, reliable and effective for
      short and long-term urinary diversion in various urologic conditions in children
      and adults.

PMID- 671622
TI  - Split cuff ileal stoma.
AB  - Long-term patient comfort after an ileal conduit urinary diversion depends on the
      conduit stoma. The problem of leak-proof urine collection of the flush stoma can
      be overcome by using a spout stoma but this could become stenotic unless everted.
      Eversion is a technically difficult procedure and produces a bulky spout that
      tends to prolapse. The use of carefully placed myotomies in the split cuff stoma
      described herein facilitates eversion and produces a slim stoma that accepts a
      compact, leak-proof appliance and is, at the same time, free of the complications
      of stenosis and prolapse in the long-term management.

PMID- 671624
TI  - Cystitis cystica (cystosis) with bladder cancer.
AB  - The term cystitis cystica is a misnomer and reflects the unfortunate habit of
      labeling obscure bladder conditions as cystitis. Cystosis of the bladder would be
      a more correct term. Cystitis cystica is a derivative of the focal epithelial
      proliferation, the associated tumors tend to be non-infiltrating papillary and
      the prognosis is good.

PMID- 671623
TI  - Experiences with colocystoplasties, cecocystoplasties and ileocystoplasties in
      urologic surgery: 40 patients.
AB  - During the last 16 years (1960 to 1976) we have treated 78 patients with a
      contracted bladder syndrome, 40 of whom have been treated surgically by replacing
      part or all of the bladder with an isolated segment of rectosigmoid, cecum or
      ileum. The series is a combination of 30 patients treated by Shirley in the
      United States and 10 patients by Mirelman in South America. Chronic interstitial
      cystitis (26 cases) and chronic radiation cystitis (4 cases) have been the
      primary causes for surgical treatment of the contracted bladder in the United
      States, whereas tuberculosis of the urinary tract was the primary etiologic
      factor for those treated in South America. The results have been gratifying, with
      50 per cent excellent and 30 per cent good. Only 3 patients have had to be
      diverted to and outside colon or ileal conduit. Generally, our results with each
      type segment of large and small bowel have been satisfactory by the choice of
      segment must depend on the degree of bladder disease, and the medical and
      urologic condition of the patient.

PMID- 671625
TI  - Carcinoma of the bladder in patients less than 40 years old.
AB  - The records were reviewed of 22 patients with bladder carcinoma before they were
      40 years old to determine whether age alone influenced the course of the disease.
      There were 19 men and 3 women, reflecting a male predominance of 6 to 1. Of the 9
      patients with superficial stage A/O disease 8 are alive 6 months to 28 years
      after diagnosis, the remaining patient being lost to followup. The other 13
      patients with tumors invading muscle are dead, 11 as a direct result of the
      disease. No evidence was found to substantiate earlier reports that bladder
      carcinoma in young patients has a more benign behavior.

PMID- 671626
TI  - 5-fluorouracil urethral suppositories for the eradication of condyloma
      accuminata.
AB  - The formulation of a 5-fluorouracil urethral suppository is described. The
      suppositories have been found extremely successful in the eradication of
      intraurethral condylomas. They have provided better patient compliance and dosage
      monitoring, and have extended patient usefulness to male and female subjects.

PMID- 671627
TI  - Recanalization rate following methods of vasectomy using interposition of fascial
      sheath of vas deferens.
AB  - A small but definite recanalization rate has followed the vas ligation method of
      partial vasectomy for sterilization. Interposition of the fascial sheath between
      the divided ends of the vas reduced the recanalization rate to 0. Fulguration of
      the lumen of the cut vas ends was used but was not the significant factor in this
      zero recanalization rate.

PMID- 671628
TI  - The nuclear uptake of androgen by human benign prostate in vitro: action of
      antiandrogens.
AB  - An in vitro test system suitable to assess the potency of putative antiandrogens
      has been developed, using the human benign prostatic tissue obtained at
      operation. The system circumvents some problems associated with using human
      tissue, such as the presence of endogenous steroid and contamination with plasma
      proteins (particularly sex hormone binding globulin). Slices of tissue were
      incubated in the presence of 3H-testosterone and the uptake into nuclei was
      determined. The nature of the nuclear radioactivity and the steroid specificity
      indicates a mechanism similar to the established in the rat ventral prostate. The
      action of antiandrogens (cyproterone acetate, diethylstilbestrol, flutamide,
      hydroxylated flutamide and gestonorone capronate) has been studied at various
      concentrations.

PMID- 671629
TI  - Trimethoprium-sulfamethoxazole and minocycline- hydrochloride in the treatment of
      culture-proved bacterial prostatitis.
AB  - Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 2 tablets twice daily for 90 days, or minocycline
      hydrochloride, 100 mg. twice daily for 14 days, was given to 15 and 14 men,
      respectively, with culture-proved bacterial prostatitis. Given as prescribed both
      agents seemed equally effective in controlling symptomatic recurrence during the
      12 months after cessation of therapy.

PMID- 671630
TI  - The use of prophylactic low dose heparin in transurethral prostatectomy.
AB  - Low dose heparin prophylaxis has proved effective in reducing postoperative
      thromboembolic complications in a series combining multiple types of surgical
      procedures. Our series comfirms its safety for transurethral operations. We
      recommend its use in patients with predisposing factors to thromboembolic
      complications.

PMID- 671631
TI  - Extended total excision of prostatic adenocarcinoma.
AB  - Cases of locally advanced prostatic adenocarcinoma (stages B and C) managed by
      exenteration or prostatocystectomy were reviewed. Local control and survival
      rates seem to justify this approach in selected cases, especially when
      conservative measures, such as hormonal therapy and irradiation, have been
      exhausted.

PMID- 671632
TI  - Evaluation of psychogenic urinary retention.
AB  - Urinary retention may develop in the absence of significant organic disease.
      Patients with psychogenic retention range from those with episodic acute
      retention to those who have learned to inhibit urination and have retention with
      a large residual urine volume owing to myotonic detrusor degeneration. A
      combination of thorough medical, neurologic, psychiatric and urologic evaluation
      is indicated for all such patients. Management consists of the implementation of
      bladder training with or without intermittent catheterization, which generally
      may be accomplished on an outpatient basis.

PMID- 671633
TI  - Evaluation of a dip-slide in a university outpatient service.
AB  - Initial and followup urine specimens from patients in an outpatient service of a
      university hospital with the diagnosis of presumptive urinary tract infection
      were processed by the dip-slide system and the conventional calibrated loop
      procedure. Evaluation of the dip-slide system included not only microbiological 
      comparison but also the feasibility  of the adaptation of this system to a clinic
      working area. Complete microbiological agreement between the 2 methods was
      approximately 50 per cent. Disagreement was caused largely by improper
      inoculation, quantitation and interpretation of the dip-slide. It has been our
      experience that the dip-slide cannot be used effectively as a screening tool in a
      population with a high incidence of urinary tract infection. The use of
      laboratory personnel along with proper specimen collecting instructions increased
      the reliability of the dip-slide system. Our data suggest that the results
      obtained should be evaluated carefully along with the clinical impression in
      complicated cases of urinary tract infections.

PMID- 671634
TI  - Cinoxacin in the treatment of acute urinary tract infections: an evaluation of
      efficacy and a comparison of dosage schedules.
AB  - Fifty-one women with acute urinary tract infections have been treated with
      cinoxacin, a new synthetic compound that is similar chemically and in
      antimicrobial activity to nalidixic acid. Urine cultures were made before
      treatment was started, midway through the 7 to 10-day course of therapy, 1 week
      after therapy and 4 to 6 weeks after therapy, if possible. Pre-treatment , mid
      therapy and post-therapy evaluations of renal and liver function along with a
      complete blood count were done. All patients were believed to have lower urinary
      tract infections. Urine cultures in 48 of the 51 patients (94 per cent) became
      sterile during therapy and 47 patients (92 per cent) maintained sterile urine 1
      week after therapy. Of those patients undergoing followup cultures 4 to 6 weeks
      after therapy 72 per cent had sterile urine. No significant hematological, renal,
      hepatic or gastroenterologic toxicity was noted. Cinoxacin seems to be a safe and
      useful drug in the treatment of urinary tract infections caused by the common
      gram-negative organisms and there does not seem to be any difference in efficacy
      between the dosage schedules tested.

PMID- 671635
TI  - Urological applications of computerized axial tomography: a preliminary report.
AB  - Computerized tomography scanning of the chest and abdomen has been used as a
      diagnostic technique in more than 4,500 patients since 1974,  190 of whom had
      histologically proved disorders of the genitourinary system and retroperitoneum.
      On the basis of this experience computerized tomography scanning has been found
      to be safe and effective, and offers certain advantages over conventional
      techniques. The number, extent and content of renal mass lesions can be
      determined with relatively great accuracy. The presence and extent of metastases
      into the retroperitoneum, liver and chest can often be shown by computerized
      tomography scanning when other tests are negative. Placement of needles for
      aspiration, biopsy, injection of contrast medium or insertion of drainage tubes
      can be done more accurately under computerized tomography control. Computerized
      tomography in itself is non-invasive, carries a low radiation exposure comparable
      to other radiographic procedures and therefore, can be valuable in following the
      course of patients with various diseases during and after therapy. While scanning
      will not replace other diagnostic procedures it should lead to a more judicious
      selection of potentially hazardous tests in selected cases, such as angiography,
      aspiration and open biopsy.

PMID- 671636
TI  - The reproducibility and interpretation of carbon dioxide cystometry.
AB  - The day-to-day and same-day variability of carbon dioxide cystometry was examined
      in a population of men. Considerable variability was observed in each parameter
      monitored. The implications of such variability, and the validity and
      significance of certain cystometric events are discussed.

PMID- 671637
TI  - Urethral pressure profile in children: a comparison between perfused catheters
      and micro-transducers, and a study of the usefulness of urethral pressure profile
      measurements in children.
AB  - Urethral pressure profiles were done on 46 children by the  classical open-end
      perfused catheter and by a micro-transducer mounted on the tip of a catheter. A
      comparative study of the results obtained using the 2 methods demonstrates
      clearly the superiority of the micro-transducer over the perfused catheter. There
      are so many limitations of precison with the perfused catheter method that its
      usefulness for clinical studies seems questionable. With both methods the
      urethral pressure profile alone was not sufficient for distinguishing betweeen
      obstructed and non-obstructed bladder outlets.

PMID- 671638
TI  - The multicystic kidney.

PMID- 671639
TI  - The Lich-Gregoir antireflux plasty: experiences with 371 children.
AB  - The Lich-Gregoir antireflux procedure is a simple and safe method for the
      treatment of primary reflux of all grades if the ureter is not grossly dilated on
      the excretory urogram. Reflux was cured in 97.7 per cent of 429 ureters in 371
      children. A stenosis of the terminal ureter requiring reimplantation occurred in
      0.5 per cent. The over-all rate of reinterventions was 3.7 per cent. This low
      complication rate makes surgical correction of reflux advisable if urinary tract
      infection and primary reflux cannot be eradicated by continuous antimicrobial
      therapy within 6 months.

PMID- 671640
TI  - Reflux in complete duplication in children.
AB  - Reflux is the most common abnormality associated with complete ureteral
      duplication. Several authors have emphasized early surgical correction of reflux
      when it occurs in duplicated systems. because of a negligible success rate in non
      operative therapy. Our practice has been to judge an orifice with reflux on its
      own merit, that is position, appearance and submucosal tunnel length. Realizing
      that this philosophy is not in total agreement with most of the literature on
      reflux in ureteral duplication we have reviewed 59 cases to ascertain whether our
      non-operative approach has justification. In this study early operation was
      elected in 61 per cent of those patients with reflux in association with total
      duplication. However, in 48 per cent of patients followed with non-operative
      surveillance reflux has either stopped spontaneously or is medically stable.

PMID- 671641
TI  - Free autogenous muscle transplantation in the treatment of urinary incontinence
      in children: background, surgical technique and preliminary results.
AB  - Urinary incontinence owing to epispadias or bladder exstrophy is a difficult
      therapeutic problem. To improve the results a new method, including free
      autogenous muscle transplantation, was developed. Before transplantation a
      skeletal muscle (extensor brevis of the foot) is denervated and, 2 weeks later,
      it is transplanted and placed as a U-sling around the urethra in close contact
      with normally innervated muscles, which act as reinnervation sources. Two
      patients showed improvement of continence and increasing bladder capacity from 6
      weeks after transplantation. Postoperative cine-studies of micturition
      demonstrated clearly the functional properties of the transplanted muscle.

PMID- 671642
TI  - Anuria in infants and children.
AB  - The urologist may be involved in the initial evaluation of a child with anuria.
      In our experience the most common cause of anuria in neonates was perinatal
      hypoxia and in older children it was the hemolytic uremic syndrome. Obstructive
      uropathy as a cause of anuria in infants and children appears to be uncommon.

PMID- 671643
TI  - Etiologic considerations in penoscrotal hypospadias repair.
AB  - Superficial location of fivrous bands causing chordee in patients with
      penoscrotal hypospadias has been demonstrated by microscopic and gross
      photographs. Our technique to manage this problem is similar to that described by
      Allen and Spence and by King for distal hypospadias and has been used in 120
      patients. The technique involves the repair of the embryologic penile defect by
      advancing the closure of the urethral groove and transposing the scrotum to its
      appropriate caudal position. The repair is applicable in patients with failure of
      fusion rather than failure of the development of the urethral groove as in
      perineal hypospadias.

PMID- 671644
TI  - Gallium-67 scintigraphy in the diagnosis of renal cortical abscess.
AB  - Clinical and radiologic diagnosis of a renal cortical abscess is difficult. A
      plain x-ray of the kidneys, ureters and bladder, an excretory urogram with
      nephrotomography, nephrosonography and renal angiography may not be helpful in
      the diagnosis. A case is presented of bilateral polycystic kidneys with a renal
      cortical abscess of the lower pole of the left kidney. An abscess could not be
      localized by the routine radiologic procedures. Gallium-67 scintigraphy
      demonstrated a renal cortical abscess of the left kidney, which was treated
      successfully by operation.

PMID- 671645
TI  - Solitary crossed renal ectopia and its associated congenital anomalies.
AB  - Solitary crossed renal ectopia is one of the rarest congenital renal anomalies,
      with only 21 previously reported cases. It is often accompanied by multisystem
      congenital anomalies, mainly skeletal and genital in type. The twenty-second such
      case of this rare congenital anomaly is reported in association with a severe
      congenital scoliosis of the lumbosacral spine. The embryogenesis and the
      significance of its associated congenital anomalies are discussed.

PMID- 671646
TI  - Small renal pelvic carcinomas: value of epinephrine magnification angiography.
AB  - We studied 3 cases of small renal pelvic transitional cell carcinoma with 2-fold
      direct serial magnification renal angiography in conjunction with epinephrine
      pharmacoangiography. In 2 cases we found that this technique resulted in
      visualizing abnormal vessels that were not apparent on routine magnification
      angiograms.

PMID- 671647
TI  - Congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction associated with unsuspected acute
      perforated appendicitis in a neonate.

PMID- 671648
TI  - The late recurrence of grade I transitional cell carcinoma of the ureter after
      conservative therapy.

PMID- 671649
TI  - An approach to the control of massive hemorrhage in cyclophosphamide-induced
      cystitis by intravenous vasopressin: a case report.
AB  - Massive bleeding owing to cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis was not
      affected by intravesical instillation of 4 per cent formalin or 1 per cent silver
      nitrate. After initiation of a continuous systemic infusion of vasopressin
      hematuria and  transfusion requirements diminished markedly. Adverse reactions
      were mild. Intravenous vasopressin was a safe and effective means to control
      temporarily life-threatening hemorrhagic cystitis.

PMID- 671650
TI  - Vesicoperineal accessory urethra.
AB  - A previously undescribed form of accessory urethra was found in 2 boys. In each
      the supernumerary urethra originated from the bladder, just anterior to the
      vesical neck, passed anterior to the prostate and crossed the normal urethra. In
      1 case the channel ended blindly and in the other it opened on the posterior
      aspect of the scrotum.

PMID- 671651
TI  - Bilateral testicular rupture: report of a case with an unusual presentation.
AB  - A case of bilateral testicular rupture after blunt trauma is presented. It is
      unusual in that the patient presented with a unilateral retractile testis with
      pain. The contralateral testis was asymptomatic but was found to be ruptured at
      exploration. The objectives of preservation of testicular function and prevention
      of misdiagnosis and undiagnosed cases are reiterated. Early exploration of all
      blunt trauma to the scrotum and testis is advocated. The surgical management of
      the ruptured testis is reviewed with regard to orchiectomy, primary closure,
      closure with portion of tunica vaginalis and decompression of the contused
      testis.

PMID- 671652
TI  - Diagnosis and management of hydrometrocolpos in infancy.
AB  - Three cases of hydrometrocolpos in infants are presented, which demonstrate that
      despite thorough documentation of the clinical findings, the misdiagnosis and the
      ensuing mismanagement of this condition remain a problem. The presence of other
      genitourinary abnormalities and the association with anomalies of the anorectal
      area make it imperative that these infants be evaluated, treated and followed by
      clinicians who are skilled in these areas. Introital revision may proceed at an
      early age to avoid the necessity of repeated drainage procedures and allow normal
      voiding but close followup is necessary.

PMID- 671653
TI  - Classification of benign diseases associated with prostatic pain: prostatitis or
      prostatodynia?

PMID- 671654
TI  - New study shows hexachlorophene is teratogenic in humans.

PMID- 671655
TI  - Dental implants in tentative but hopeful stage.

PMID- 671656
TI  - Reasons for wound infection in colectomy detailed.

PMID- 671658
TI  - From the NIH: New implantable telemetry systems developed to measure accurately
      intracranial pressure over long periods.

PMID- 671657
TI  - Recombinant DNA insurance?

PMID- 671659
TI  - Azathioprine-induced meningitis in systemic lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 671660
TI  - HLA-Bw51 and Behcet's disease.

PMID- 671661
TI  - Tetrahydroaminoacridine and phencyclidine intoxication.

PMID- 671662
TI  - Interaction between quinidine and digoxin.
AB  - The serum digoxin concentration increased in 25 of 27 study patients (93%), and
      the mean serum digoxin concentration rose from 1.4 ng/ml to 3.2 ng/ml during
      quinidine therapy. Anorexia, nausea, or vomiting developed in 16 patients (59%)
      but disappeared in all ten patients for whom the digoxin dose alone was reduced,
      suggesting that digoxin excess caused these symptoms. Ventricular premature
      depolarizations developed in three patients after starting quinidine therapy;
      ventricular tachycardia developed in one patient, and another died suddenly. When
      starting quinidine therapy in patients who are taking digoxin, the clinical
      course, ECG, and serum digoxin level should be followed closely.

PMID- 671663
TI  - Minimal genetic findings and their cancer control implications. A family with the
      cancer family syndrome.
AB  - A kindred in which five first-degree relatives were initially known to exhibit
      colorectal, endometrial, and unspecified carcinoma for two generations, occurring
      at an early age and including three cases of multiple primary cancer, is
      consistent with criteria for the cancer family syndrome. Follow-up included a
      diligent surveillance program that led to the early diagnosis of colon cancer in
      a young member of the third generation who had been considered at high risk for
      this lesion. Manifestly, hereditary cancer syndrome identification may be
      expedited through longitudinal study of apparently cancer-prone kindreds, given
      limited historical information about tumor expression. However, cancer
      surveillance measures can and should be instituted early and predicated on clues
      that suggest, but need not be diagnostic of, such a hereditary cancer
      predisposing disorder.

PMID- 671664
TI  - Atypical mycobacterial infection complicating mineral oil pneumonia.
AB  - Two patients had pulmonary infections with atypical mycobacteria superimposed on
      mineral oil pneumonia. In both cases, long-standing laxative use and neurological
      disorders led to development of the lipid pneumonia. The pathogenicity of the
      rapidly growing mycobacteria causing infection in the two patients is apparently
      enhanced by the presence of mineral oil, a relationship supported by experimental
      studies. The clinical diagnosis of both atypical mycobacterial infection and
      mineral oil pneumonia may be difficult, but the presence of one should suggest
      the possibility of occurrence of the other.

PMID- 671666
TI  - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. No increase among US construction workers in Guam.
AB  - The rate of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) among stateside construction
      workers on Guam was similar to that of US resident white men. Of 12,601 men who
      worked on Guam for one year or more from 1945 to 1954, we were able to follow up
      10,049 until 1970 through the Social Security Administration. Of these workers,
      1,958 had died, and the cause of death was recorded for all but 335. There were
      three deaths from ALS. Residence on Guam as an adult did not predispose to a high
      rate of ALS.

PMID- 671665
TI  - Intramuscular injection-site complications.
AB  - Among 26,294 hospitalized medical patients monitored by the Boston Collaborative
      Drug Surveillance Program, 46% received at least one intramuscular (IM)
      injection. Drugs for which IM injection was the route of administration in more
      than 80% of all exposures included penicillin G procaine, mercurial diuretics,
      cyanocobalamin, streptomycin sulfate, colistimethate sodium, meperidine
      hydrochloride, cephaloridine, scopolamine hydrobromide, kanamycin sulfate, and
      iron dextran injection. Local complications of IM injection were reported in a
      total of only 48 patients (0.4% of all IM recipients). Local complications were
      most commonly associated with IM injection of cephalothin sodium. Clinically
      important local complications are uncommonly associated with IM injections in
      general. However, certain drugs, eg, cephalothin, produce injection-site
      complications with relatively high frequency; the clinical role of IM injection
      of such drugs should be reevaluated.

PMID- 671667
TI  - Levodopa therapy and malignant melanoma.
AB  - Concern has been voiced over a role for levodopa in the induction or stimulation
      of growth of cutaneous malignant melanoma. Prospective query of 1,099 patients of
      the Melanoma Clinical Cooperative Group at the time of presentation of their
      primary melanoma showed only one patient who had been taking levodopa. It was
      concluded that levodopa, if a factor in the induction of melanoma, must be
      playing an inconsequential role in the rapid rise in incidence observed for this
      tumor over the past decade.

PMID- 671668
TI  - Multiarticular sporotrichosis.

PMID- 671669
TI  - Vertebral sarcoidosis.

PMID- 671670
TI  - Periarticular perilymphatic skin atrophy after intra-articular corticosteroid
      injections.

PMID- 671671
TI  - Miliary tuberculosis with ileocecal involvement diagnosed by colonoscopy.

PMID- 671672
TI  - Fungal arthritis.

PMID- 671673
TI  - Sense with cimetidine.

PMID- 671674
TI  - Computerized tomography in neurological evaluations.

PMID- 671675
TI  - Retinoid chemoprevention trial begins against bladder cancer.

PMID- 671677
TI  - Intraoral surgery corrects dentofacial abnormalities.

PMID- 671676
TI  - Synthetic retinoid used in dermatopathies.

PMID- 671678
TI  - Additional retinoid-cancer research in progress.

PMID- 671679
TI  - Adverse reactions after administration of indocyanine green.

PMID- 671680
TI  - Part-time training programs.

PMID- 671681
TI  - Nasal gouty tophus.

PMID- 671682
TI  - Hemoptysis during orgasm.

PMID- 671683
TI  - Measles and vaccinia antibodies in multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 671684
TI  - External cardiac compression. A randomized comparison of mechanical and manual
      techniques.
AB  - To compare the effectiveness of manual and mechanical chest compression during
      cardiopulmonary resuscitation, 50 patients who suffered cardiac arrest were
      randomly allocated to receive manual or mechanical chest compression.
      Randomization was performed after failure of initial resuscitative measures but
      within ten minutes after the onset of cardiac arrest (mean, 6.4 +/- 1.2 min). Ten
      patients from each group survived longer than one hour following resuscitation.
      Three from the mechanical group and two from the manual group were eventually
      able to leave the hospital. Thus mechanical compression appears comparable with
      manual compression when manual compression is performed under ideal conditions.
      Mechanical chest compression may be employed when trained personnel are not
      readily available or where manual compression is technically difficult to
      perform.

PMID- 671685
TI  - Physician opnions on the use of antibiotics in respiratory infections.
AB  - To investigate the feasibility of establishing standards of care based on a broad
      consensus, a questionnaire concerning the management of signs and symptoms of
      common respiratory infections in infants was given to a national sample of
      pediatric infectious disease specialists, general pediatricians, and family
      physicians. There was significant disagreement (p less than .01) among the three
      groups of physicians in 15 of the 18 clinical situations concerning the
      appropriateness of prescribing antibiotics. Whenever there was disagreement, the
      family physician group was most inclined and the infectious disease group least
      inclined to favor antibiotics therapy. More than 75% of each group favored
      antibiotics in the same situation in only three instances. These results suggest
      that it may be difficult to set widely accepted standards for the evaluation of
      medical care where there are such differences of opinion.

PMID- 671686
TI  - Poisonous snakebite treatment in the United States.
AB  - This is retrospective report of 107 cases of poisonous snakebites treated in
      south Georgia and north Florida. Sixty-seven percent of the cases required
      intensive treatment. Intravenous antivenin therapy, if indicated, should be given
      early and over a short time. Steroids are of use primarily for allergic
      phenomena. Fasciotomies were  not necessary unless cooling or inadequate
      antivenin had been administered. A grading system that matches the species of
      snake with the severity of the bite was used to classify the cases.

PMID- 671687
TI  - Screening and immunization of rubella-susceptible women. Experience in a large,
      prepaid medical group.
AB  - Four hundred and fifty childbearing-aged women were screened for rubella
      hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody after a clinical history of
      susceptibility was obtained. One hundred and forty-nine (33%) were found to be
      susceptible (titers less than 1:8), pointing out the need for a move active
      immunization program for susceptible young women and for routine vaccination of
      children. Clinical history correlated poorly with the level of HI antibody. One
      hundred percent of the patients were vaccinated and protective antibody titres
      developed in 97%. Since titers are higher after infection than after vaccination,
      periodic reevaluation of the vaccinated group may be indicated if immunity is to
      be ensured.

PMID- 671688
TI  - Exercise tolerance test. Single-sample screening technique to rule out growth
      hormone deficiency.
AB  - Parent-directed vigorous exercise was evaluated as a screening test for adequacy
      of pituitary growth-hormone release in 57 short-statured children. This method
      obviated the need for pharmacologic provocative testing in all but the four
      children with growth-hormone deficiency. In 92% of the euendocrine children, the
      immediate postexercise venous sample demonstrated an adequate growth-hormone
      level. Vigorous physical exercise after an 8- to 12- hour fast with a single
      postexercise serum growth-hormone sample is a reliable, safe, and cost-effective
      screening test for growth-hormone deficiency.

PMID- 671689
TI  - Dissolution of bilateral uric acid calculi causing anuria.

PMID- 671690
TI  - Unilateral asterixis in a dialysis patient.

PMID- 671691
TI  - Cardiac tamponade during anticoagulation. Management with a pericardial drain and
      continued anticoagulation.

PMID- 671692
TI  - Lectures on dentistry in medical schools.

PMID- 671693
TI  - Tetanus. Prevention and treatment.

PMID- 671694
TI  - Prinzmetal's angina. Provocative test and current therapy.

PMID- 671695
TI  - Diagnostic paracentesis.

PMID- 671696
TI  - Indian rock art.

PMID- 671697
TI  - Strikes by house staff.

PMID- 671698
TI  - Credit-card-wallet sciatica.

PMID- 671699
TI  - Research in the medical school curriculum.

PMID- 671700
TI  - Surveying 2,020 vagrants for tuberculosis.

PMID- 671702
TI  - Cooperative study of hospital frequency and character of transient ischemic
      attacks. VIII. Risk factors.
AB  - A total of 969 (73%) of 1,328 patients with cases of suspected transient ischemic
      attacks (TIAs) who came to six institutions during a 21-month period were
      followed up. Factors were identified and prospectively analyzed for risk for
      further TIAs, stroke, and deatn. A history of multiple carotid artery TIAs was
      significantly related to further TIAs. A single TIA placed the patient at greater
      risk for early infarction. Older age, male sex, and unreliability to take
      dangerous medication were risk factors for cerebral infarction. Anticoagulant
      therapy, older age, male sex, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, abnormal ECG, and
      poor surgical risk were factors for death. The increased mortality associated
      with anticoagulants was confined to the older age group. While white patients
      treated with antiplatelet-aggregating agents had a lower mortality than those
      treated otherwise, this was not true amont black patients.

PMID- 671701
TI  - Just a little bit more about drug lag.

PMID- 671703
TI  - Symptom-producing interposition of the colon. Clinical syndrome in mentally
      deficient adults.
AB  - Interposition of the colon between the liver and diaphragm, ie. Chilaiditi's
      syndrome, visible during roentgenographic examination, has been described as an
      asymptomatic finding in adults of no clinical importance: it is occasionally
      symptom-producing in children. In mentally retarded adults, however, a unique
      syndrome commonly occurs, characterized by nausea, pain, vomiting, anorexia,
      distension, audible bowel sounds, and constipation: all are associated with three
      roentgenographic features of interposition. The symptoms respond to simple
      treatment and can be prevented by routine prophylactic measures.

PMID- 671704
TI  - Rifampin therapy of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Use in infections from indwelling
      artificial devices.
AB  - Rifampin was added to existing antibiotic regimens in two patients with
      Staphylococcus epidermidis infections; one patient had prosthetic valve
      endocarditis and the other had an infection of a CSF shunt. The addition of
      rifampin increased serum or CSF bactericidal titers 16-fold or greater and was
      correlated with a favorable clinical response. The results of tests for tube
      dilution antibiotic susceptibility showed rifampin to be the most active of all
      antibiotics tested against the patients' organisms. The combinations of
      gentamicin sulfate, nafcillin sodium, or vancomycin hydrochloride with rifampin
      prevented the emergence of rifampin resistance in vitro and promoted enhanced
      killing when compared with either antibiotic alone.

PMID- 671705
TI  - Commercial national board review programs. A case study at the Medical College of
      Georgia.
AB  - For a long period, students have been taking national board examination review
      programs offered by commercial firms. The one question to which faculty and
      students would like the answer is, "Do the national board review programs offered
      by these commercial firms do any good?" Events at the Medical College of Georgia
      have provided an opportunity to gather data toward an answer to this question. In
      1976, thirty-three medical students at the Medical College of Georgia enrolled in
      a commercial national board review program. Performance of these students was
      compared with the predicted performance of these students had they not taken the
      national board review program. The results suggest that the commercial review
      program did not notably help these students.

PMID- 671706
TI  - Public beliefs about causes and prevention of heart attacks.
AB  - Interviews with a probability sample of 617 adults in the Chicago area indicated
      widespread lack of information about major probable causes of heart attacks in
      persons younger than 60 years: 28% named cigarette smoking, 21% named high blood
      pressure, and 13% named cholesterol or fat in the diet or blood. Half did not
      name any of these risk factors, and only 1% named all three. Although three
      fourths believed that heart attacks are preventable, few named specific behaviors
      that would effectively reduce risk factors other than smoking. Sustained
      community-wide educational programs about reducing coronary risk factors are
      clearly needed and can be effective.

PMID- 671707
TI  - Ankylosing spondylitis and hyperparathyroidism.
AB  - An attempt was made to determine whether a relationship exists between ankylosing
      spondylitis (AS) and hyperparathyroidism (HP). Twenty patients with definite AS,
      studied for biochemical evidence of HP, did not show consistent abnormalities in
      serum calcium, phosphorus, alkalinephosphatase, or parathyroid hormone levels or
      in bone-density measurements. Reviewing roentgenograms of 39 patients with HP
      showed one patient with sacroiliitis, and one of the 28 hyperparathyroid patients
      tissue-typed as HLA B27-positive. Both AS and HP are independent entities that
      have no causative or pathological relationship to each other.

PMID- 671708
TI  - Type A behavior pattern and coronary angiographic findings.
AB  - One hundred forty-seven consecutive patients scheduled to undergo coronary
      angiography were classified according to the type-A behavior pattern.
      Statistically significant correlations were found between diseases severity and
      the physical risk factors cholesterol, smoking, hypertension, sex, and age. The
      correlation of the behavior pattern with angiographic disease severity was of the
      same magnitude as that of the other risk factors except cholesterol, which was
      greater. The association between the behavior pattern and severity persisted
      after adjustments had been made for the effects of five other major risk factors.

PMID- 671709
TI  - Septicemic melioidosis. Occurrence following acute influenza A six years after
      exposure in Vietnam.
AB  - Septicemic melioidosis in association with acute influenza A was diagnosed in a
      Vietnam veteran. The case illustrates that activation of melioidosis can occur
      long after exposure to a known endemic area and may be precipitated by infections
      with other common pathogens. Hence, physicians must maintain a high index of
      suspicion of melioidosis when dealing with unexplained sepsis in Vietnam
      veterans. Prolonged therapy with appropriate antimicrobial agents is needed to
      eradicate this infection.

PMID- 671710
TI  - Treatment of acute intermittent porphyria with large doses of propranolol.
AB  - A patient had an acute attack of intermittent porphyria with severe neurologic
      manifestations, hypertension, and tachycardia. Treatment with propranolol
      hydrochloride (Deralin [Israel]; Inderal, comparable US product) intravenously
      administered in a total dose of 284 mg during a period of 18 hours, was followed
      by clinical remission associated with a decline in urinary excretion of porphyrin
      precursors.

PMID- 671711
TI  - Tetanus despite preexisting antitetanus antibody.

PMID- 671712
TI  - AMA annual convention 1978.

PMID- 671713
TI  - Alcoholics returning to social drinking.

PMID- 671714
TI  - Osteolysis of the mandible and maxilla.

PMID- 671715
TI  - Genetic counseling: 'rationality' is in the eye of the beholder.

PMID- 671716
TI  - Rise in prenatal diagnostic tests reflects advent of fetal medicine.

PMID- 671717
TI  - Parent-infant bonding sought in 'birthing' centers.

PMID- 671718
TI  - Birthing: a real family affair in California center.

PMID- 671719
TI  - Diagnosis in gonorrhea.

PMID- 671720
TI  - Management of sore throat.

PMID- 671721
TI  - Cigarette smoking: medical costs vs tax receipts.

PMID- 671722
TI  - On setting an example.

PMID- 671723
TI  - Oral-contraceptive-induced benign liver tumors--the magnitude of the problem.

PMID- 671724
TI  - Ultrasonography, cholelithiasis, and sickle cell disease.

PMID- 671725
TI  - Jejunoileal intussusception diagnosed by ultrasound.

PMID- 671726
TI  - After Bakke, what?

PMID- 671727
TI  - Insulin secretion in the diagnosis of adult-onset diabetes mellitus.
AB  - The natural history of patients with glucose intolerance was observed in 334
      patients during a period of 18 years. Glucose tolerance testing (100 g orally)
      was characterized by measurement of induced insulin secretion. Diabetic
      complications of retinopathy, sensory neuropathy, and renal disease developed
      only in the group of patients in whom the induced serum insulin peak fell below
      60 mu U/ml. Preservation of an insulin secretory reserve that permitted serum
      insulin peaks of 60 muU/ml or greater was not associated with development of
      these complications or symptoms of insulin deficiency despite the presence of an
      equal degree of fasting hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance. A critical amount
      of insulin secretory reserve distinguishes between two qualitatively distinct
      clinical syndromes: true diabetes mellitus (the development of signs and symptoms
      of insulin deficiency) and the syndrome of pure resistance to insulin (signs and
      symptoms of hyperglycemia in the setting of adequate or excessive insulin
      secretion, frequently with obesity, but without diabetic complication).

PMID- 671728
TI  - Exogenous progestogen and estrogen implicated in birth defects.
AB  - A five-year study of possible teratogenicity of exogenous female sex hormones
      included three case-control studies and one cohort study. The first case-control
      study disclosed an estimated relative risk of 8.41 and a highly significant
      difference in maternal hormonal exposure (P less than .001) between controls and
      infants with three major anomalies of the VACTERL group (V, vertebral; A, anal;
      C, cardiac; T, tracheal; E, esophageal; R, renal; and L,limb). Relative risk (RR)
      estimates of 5.58 (P = .017) and 3.35 (P less than .001) were found in two case
      control studies involving maternal hormonal exposure and patients with congenital
      heart lesions without other malformations. A controlled, single-blind prospective
      study disclosed an excess of patients with major malformations (RR = 2.75),
      congenital heart anomalies (RR = 6), and neurological and neural tube disorders
      preponderant in the presence of a precipitously declining exposure rate during a
      three-year period in our referral area.

PMID- 671729
TI  - Bougienage is effective therapy for most benign esophageal strictures.
AB  - Esophageal stricture is the most frequent serious complication of reflux
      esophagitis. Bougienage was used as the primary therapy of benign esophageal
      stricture in 92 patients, followed by institution of a medical antireflux
      program. Response to treatment was excellent, and 78% of patients required two or
      fewer subsequent dilations. Twenty patients were followed up for two years or
      longer, and 75% did not require more than one dilation annually. Primary therapy
      for most patients with peptic stenosis of the esophagus is recommended to be
      dilation; operative therapy should be reserved for those patients in whom a
      malignant neoplasm is suspected or those in whom frequent and rapid stricture
      recurrence makes medical therapy impractical.

PMID- 671730
TI  - A national study of medical and surgical specialties. I. Background purpose, and
      methodology.
AB  - The University of Southern California is conducting a national survey of
      physicians involving the collection and analysis of detailed data on the
      activities and practice characteristics of generalists, medical specialists, and
      surgical specialists of different types. This is the first of a series of reports
      on the survey and provides an overview of the survey's background, purposes, and
      general research methods. Basic features of the research methods include the
      development of a survey instrument capable of obtaining different types of
      practice data from physicians in most specialties and practice arrangements, the
      sampling of physician population to ensure that sufficient data are obtained from
      physicians in most specialties and practice arrangements, and the creation and
      application of a scheme for classifying patient-care services provided by
      physicians along dimensions related to primary care.

PMID- 671731
TI  - Blood banking automation.

PMID- 671732
TI  - Gastric bezoars from swallowed string. A rare complication of esophageal
      dilation.

PMID- 671733
TI  - Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone: association with
      cavernous sinus thrombosis.

PMID- 671734
TI  - Exophthalmos in seminoma. Regression with steroids and orcheictomy.

PMID- 671736
TI  - Diagnostic criteria in diabetes.

PMID- 671735
TI  - Who should treat tuberculosis?

PMID- 671737
TI  - Cushing's syndrome--still a conundrum.

PMID- 671738
TI  - Solving nomenclature problems in cardiology.

PMID- 671739
TI  - [Reference center in Japan--present and future. Present status of WHO center
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 671740
TI  - [Reference center in Japan--present and future. Culture collection center
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 671741
TI  - [Reference system of anaerobic bacteria (author's transl)].

PMID- 671742
TI  - [Inhibitory effects of sodium citrate on the growth of Streptococcus mutans
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 671743
TI  - [Geographical difference in susceptibility to macrolide antibiotics among
      naturally occurring strains of Francisella tularensis (author's transl)].

PMID- 671745
TI  - [Pathomorphological concepts of vasculitis--criticism on clinical concepts of
      vasculitis].

PMID- 671744
TI  - [New K-type antigen of Vibrio parahaemolyticus (author's transl)].

PMID- 671746
TI  - [Vasculitis--classification of arteritis].

PMID- 671747
TI  - [Pathology of aortitis--its distribution and histological characteristics].

PMID- 671748
TI  - [Frequencies, characteristics and clinical manifestations of vasculitis in
      collagen diseases].

PMID- 671749
TI  - [Clinicopathological studies of malignant rheumatoid arthritis associated with
      vasculitis].

PMID- 671750
TI  - [Clinicopathological studies of SLE, scleroderma and dermatomyositis associated
      with vasculitis].

PMID- 671751
TI  - [Progressive gangrenous rhinitis--with special reference to clinical and vascular
      lesions of limited forms of Wegener's granuloma and similar nose diseases].

PMID- 671752
TI  - [Clinicopathological studies of diseases associated with vasculitis--allergic
      granulomatous angitis].

PMID- 671753
TI  - [Clinicopathological studies of diseases associated with vasculitis--temporal
      arteritis].

PMID- 671754
TI  - [Clinicopathological studies of diseases associated with vasculitis-
      hypersensitivity angiitis and Schonlein-Henoch purpura].

PMID- 671756
TI  - [Clinicopathological studies of diseases associated with vasculitis: Buerger's
      diseases--pathological statistics in Japan and theories on its vascular lesions].

PMID- 671755
TI  - [Clinico-pathological studies on vasculo-Behcet's syndrome (author's transl)].

PMID- 671757
TI  - [Thrombolytic therapy for occlusive vasculitis--indications and effects of
      anticoagulation therapy in relation to thrombogenesis].

PMID- 671758
TI  - [Vasculitis and steroid therapy--evaluation of management based on the modified
      lesion and pathological observation].

PMID- 671760
TI  - [Congenital heart diseases].

PMID- 671759
TI  - [Clinical effects and problems of steroid therapy].

PMID- 671761
TI  - [Histiocytic medullary reticulosis in children, with special reference to our own
      3 cases and others reported in Japan].

PMID- 671762
TI  - [Erythropoiesis and vitamin B 6 (report 1)--combined use of pyridoxal phosphate
      for the treatment of iron deficiency anemia].

PMID- 671763
TI  - [Myocardial amyloidosis associated with multiple myeloma--a case report].

PMID- 671764
TI  - [Lymphocyte separation and marker selection].

PMID- 671765
TI  - [Clinico-pathological studies of diseases associated with vasculitis--Wegener's
      granulomatosis].

PMID- 671766
TI  - [Congenital heart diseases].

PMID- 671767
TI  - [Myocardial infarct and heart ventricular aneurysm--diagnosis and excision of
      ventricular aneurysm].

PMID- 671768
TI  - [History of bacterilogy in Japan (20)].

PMID- 671769
TI  - [Normalization of ECG in WPW syndrome].

PMID- 671770
TI  - [Structure of 24 blood constituents in the metabolically conditioned space-
      structure of correlations and loop analysis].

PMID- 671771
TI  - [Abnormality in cellular immunity and allergic diseases--with special reference
      to bronchial asthma].

PMID- 671772
TI  - [Clotting-fibrinolytic system and complements (author's transl)].

PMID- 671773
TI  - [Clotting-fibrinolytic system and complements (author's transl)].

PMID- 671774
TI  - [Immuno-globulin and blood coagulation (author's transl)].

PMID- 671775
TI  - [Prevalence of inhibitors in hemophiliacs with reference to the transfusion of
      blood products (author's transl)].

PMID- 671776
TI  - [Changes of antigenecity of blood clotting factors during the process of blood
      coagulation (author's transl)].

PMID- 671777
TI  - [Immunological assay and radioimmunoassay of FDP on human serum (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 671778
TI  - [Protective immunity against infectious diseases (author's transl)].

PMID- 671779
TI  - [Congenital immunodeficiency diseases and infection (author's transl)].

PMID- 671780
TI  - [Immunity and aging (author's transl)].

PMID- 671781
TI  - [Infection and phagocytes (author's transl)].

PMID- 671782
TI  - [Fungal infection and immunity.--Protective effect of interferon inducer on
      Candida albicans infection in mice (author's transl)].

PMID- 671783
TI  - [Virus infection and immunity (author's transl)].

PMID- 671784
TI  - [Problems in making histological diagnosis on biopsy specimens of brain tumors
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 671785
TI  - [The use of hydrogenperoxide in clinical chemistry (II). Application of iodide
      and hydrogen peroxide as oxidizing reagents in modified method of Kind-King for
      serum (Al-p assay (author's transl)].

PMID- 671786
TI  - [Present status and future of clinical pathology in Japan (author's transl)].

PMID- 671787
TI  - [New analytical technique for determination of the chemical components in
      erythocytes (author's transl)].

PMID- 671788
TI  - [Erythroenzymopathies in various diseases (author's transl)].

PMID- 671789
TI  - [Assay of serum alpha-D-galactosyltransferase (B-enzyme) activity for clinical
      application (author's transl)].

PMID- 671790
TI  - [Metabolic defects of leukocytes (author's transl)].

PMID- 671791
TI  - [The contractile protein from leucocytes (author's transl)].

PMID- 671792
TI  - [Interpretation of pathologic bone marrow smears (author's transl)].

PMID- 671793
TI  - [Interpretation of abnormal EEG: case presentation (author's transl)].

PMID- 671794
TI  - [Compatibility testing and incomplete antibodies (author's transl)].

PMID- 671795
TI  - [Separation of serum creatine phosphokinase isoenzymes in various disease by agar
      gel electrophoresis ; CPK I type (BB type) isoenzyme in serum of a
      cerebrovascular disease patient (author's transl)].

PMID- 671796
TI  - [Changes in platelet sensitivity to ADP-aggregation and platelet retention rate
      after ergometer exercise in patients with ischemic heart disease (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 671797
TI  - [The characteristics with regard to the serum alkaline phosphatase in patients
      under longterm hemodialysis (author's transl)].

PMID- 671798
TI  - [Computed tomographic findings in intracranial hemorrhage due to ruptured
      intracranial aneurysm (author's transl)].

PMID- 671799
TI  - [Biplane CT studies in the cases with lateral ventricle tumors (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 671800
TI  - [Brain scan and computed tomography in infants with Sturge-Weber syndrome
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 671801
TI  - [Coronal computed tomography of the brain and face (direct and reconstruction
      method) (author's transl)].

PMID- 671802
TI  - [Coronal scanning methods in Hitachi craniocervical CT scanner (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 671803
TI  - [Computed tomography (CT) of the thyroid gland (author's transl)].

PMID- 671804
TI  - [Computed tomography of the chest: early clinical experiences of the CT scanner
      of the third generation (author's transl)].

PMID- 671805
TI  - [Two cases of congenital choledocal cyst (author's transl)].

PMID- 671806
TI  - [Splenic cyst--a case presentation with emphasis on radiological examinations
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 671807
TI  - [Computed tomography of the adrenal gland (author's transl)].

PMID- 671808
TI  - [Computed tomographic diagnosis of the gynecologic disease (author's transl)].

PMID- 671809
TI  - [Clinical significance of CT of pelvic cavity--comparison with pelvic angiography
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 671811
TI  - [Benign mesothelioma of interlobar fissure (author's transl)].

PMID- 671810
TI  - [X-ray exposure dose for the gonadal gland by the examination of computerized
      tomography and its protection. -- EMI 1000 scanner (author's transl)].

PMID- 671812
TI  - [Some view points on radiotherapy of the aged; lung diseases in the elderlies
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 671813
TI  - Studies on the fresh water cercariae in Leyte Island, Philippines. 6. Cercariae
      from Lymnaeidae and Bulinidae.
AB  - In the previous paper of this series, the cercariae from Oncomelania quadrasi
      (Part 2), from the snails of Thiaridae (Part 3), from the snails of Viviparidae
      and Pilidae (Part 4), and from Planorbidae (Part 5) were reported continuously.
      In this paper the crecariae from Lymnaeidae and Bulinidae were dealt with. These
      studies were all carried on during the period of 1975 and 1976 in Leyte Island,
      Philippines. From the lymnaeid snails seven species of cercariae, comprising two
      echinostome cercariae, one fasciolid cercaria, and four xiphidiocercariae were
      detected. From the bulinid snails, only two xiphidiocercariae were found, both of
      which were identifiable with those from the lymnaeid snails. These seven species
      of cercariae are described and illustrated with a tentative name from Cercaria
      leyteensis no. 37 to Cercaria leyteensis no. 43, in addition with some remarks on
      their presumptive life histories.

PMID- 671814
TI  - Development of resistance to hepatotoxic effect of furylfuramide by pretreatment
      with its subnecrotic doses and carbon tetrachloride.
AB  - Hepatotoxicity caused by furylfuramide in ddYS male mice was further investigated
      with following results. (1) Pretreatment with successive oral administration of
      non-toxic (non-necrotizing) dose (100 mg/day) of furylfuramide for 8 or 24 days
      alleviated the liver damage elicited by a necrotizing dose (250 mg/kg). The
      pretreatment resulted in the significant enhancement of the activity of aniline
      hydroxylase in the liver microsome, which was reduced markedly by a single
      administration of 250 mg/kg (without pretreatment). The result suggests that the
      acquired resistance to a toxic dose of furylfuramide is due to the acceleration
      of detoxication of the drug. (2) Simultaneous administration of CCl4, another
      hepatotoxic substance, with furylfuramide reduced the lethal effect of the
      latter. The LD50 values of furylfuramide were increased more than 2.4 times as
      compared with that of furylfuramide alone. Pretreatment with a small amount of
      CCl4 as short period as half an hour is more effective than simultaneous
      administration of both substances. This inhibitory effect of CCl4 on
      furylfuramide may be explained by an inhibition of the metabolic activation of
      the latter by the former.

PMID- 671816
TI  - [Risk factors at the onset of pneumonia in the aged (author's transl)].

PMID- 671815
TI  - Induction of interferon in mice injected with heat-killed Corynebacterium
      anaerobium.

PMID- 671817
TI  - [Factors affecting concentrations of lipid peroxide in vivo (author's transl)].

PMID- 671818
TI  - [Lipid peroxides in atherosclerotic diseases (author's transl)].

PMID- 671819
TI  - [Atherosclerosis and lipid peroxide--evaluation of lipid peroxides as clinical
      paramater (author's transl)].

PMID- 671820
TI  - [Studies on the correlation between lipoperoxide and aging, with special
      reference to the vascular changes (author's transl)].

PMID- 671821
TI  - [Lipid peroxide and aging of the brain (author's transl)].

PMID- 671822
TI  - [Lipoperoxide in aging and liver diseases (author's transl)].

PMID- 671823
TI  - [Relation of plasma renin activity stroke and heart attack in the epidemiological
      survey (author's transl)].

PMID- 671824
TI  - [A clinical study on acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicating disseminated
      intravascular coagulation (DIC) in the aged (author's transl)].

PMID- 671825
TI  - [Studies on CSF and serum enzymes in acute phase of cerebrovascular accident
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 671826
TI  - [Multitesting health screening in Fukuoka City. 2) Serum glycosaminoglycans in
      health and diseases (author's transl)].

PMID- 671827
TI  - [Normal values and ranges for serum chemical constituents in the aged (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 671828
TI  - [Value of brain scan for the prognosis of CVD: retrospective study of 62
      autopsied CVD cases (author's transl)].

PMID- 671829
TI  - [Electrocardiographic changes in cerebrovascular accidents--clinicopathological
      studies on the pathogenesis (author's transl)].

PMID- 671830
TI  - Transferrin variants in Korea and Japan.

PMID- 671831
TI  - Tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome associated with Perthes-disease-like bone change
      and spondylolisthesis.

PMID- 671832
TI  - Extra interphalangeal transverse creases of the little finger.

PMID- 671833
TI  - Genetic polymorphism of human red cell glutamic-pyruvic transaminase in an
      isolated community in western Japan.

PMID- 671834
TI  - A survey on individual noise exposures in a noisy factory.

PMID- 671835
TI  - [Effects of local vibration exposure on the cerebral blood flow--on the relation
      of brain and finger blood flow to vibration frequencies (author's transl)].
AB  - The healthy young men aged from 18 to 26 years were examined whether some
      vibrational stimuli may affect the vasoreaction in the brain and in a finger. The
      vasoreaction was observed on each subject after the exposure to vibration of
      frequencies 32, 64, 140 and 250 Hz with acceleration level at 98 m/sec2 and
      compression force at the vibrating grip of 5 kg, while in the control state the
      vibration was exactly the same except the vibrational stimuli. Vasodilation and
      vasoconstriction were observed when low frequency and high frequency vibrational
      stimuli were given respectively. Vasoreactive pattern of the brain was almost the
      same as that of the finger.

PMID- 671836
TI  - [Two cases of snapping finger in the chipping-hammer using workers (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 671837
TI  - [Reciprocal metabolic suppression in the exposure to the mixture of benzene and
      toluene (author's transl)].

PMID- 671838
TI  - [Significance of cadmium excretion in the urine by a long-term cadmium
      administration to rats. III. Relationship between cadmium excretion and cadmium
      accumulation in the kidneys (author's transl)].

PMID- 671839
TI  - [A method for the determination of oxalic acid mist (author's transl)].

PMID- 671840
TI  - [An experimental study on the biologic effects of electric arc welding fumes
      containing antimony (author's transl)].

PMID- 671841
TI  - [A case of nephrotic syndrome associated with renovascular hypertension (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 671842
TI  - [Bartter's syndrome--studies on a patient with evidence for excessive
      prostaglandin synthesis (author's transl)].

PMID- 671843
TI  - [Influence of renal function on the kinetics of pancreatic hormones in chronic
      renal disorders (author's transl)].

PMID- 671844
TI  - [Production of enterobacterial common antibody and immunofluorescent localization
      of common antigen in renal tissue in rats with experimental retrograde
      pyelonephritis (author's transl)].

PMID- 671845
TI  - [Plasma renin activity and sodium balance in patients under chronic hemodialysis
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 671846
TI  - [Experimental study of calcium metabolism in renal failure. I. Production of
      renal failure rats as experimental model (author's transl)].

PMID- 671847
TI  - [Microinjection study on potassium transport of rat kidney (author's transl)].

PMID- 671848
TI  - [Studies on acute renal failure. I. Factors influencing prognosis in acute renal
      failure (author's transl)].

PMID- 671849
TI  - [Experimental membranous glomerulonephritis induced in rats by the injection of
      pronase-digested homologous renal tubular epithelial antigen. II. Sequential
      ultrastructural observation of the glomerular lesion by electron microscopy
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 671850
TI  - [Serum transferrin levels in chronic renal failure. II. The relationship between
      anemia and nutrition in regular hemodialysis patients (author's transl)].

PMID- 671851
TI  - [Dipyridamole therapy in the nephrotic syndrome (author's transl)].

PMID- 671852
TI  - [Study of focal glomerulosclerosis--on the findings of kidney biopsies obtained
      at intervals from 13 patients with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 671853
TI  - [Serum levels and urinary excretion of 25-hydroxyvitamin-D in renal failure
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 671854
TI  - [Malignant hypertension in children: report of a case (author's transl)].

PMID- 671855
TI  - [Clinical significance of urinary fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products in renal
      disease. Second report: Urinary fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products in
      nephrotic syndrome. (author' transl)].

PMID- 671856
TI  - [Studies on the device for quantitative determination of methylguanidine and its
      application to the tissue concentration (author's transl)].

PMID- 671857
TI  - [Clinical significance of fibrin/fibrinogen degradation products in primary
      glomerular disease (author's transl)].

PMID- 671858
TI  - [Non-uniform sensitivity of delay-line scintillation camera (No. 3); non
      uniformity as a function of energy spectra (author's transl)].

PMID- 671859
TI  - [Evaluations of simultaneous bilateral MCA infarctions diagnosed by brain
      scanning (author's transl)].

PMID- 671860
TI  - [Clinical comparison between radioisotope brain scanning and computed tomography
      of brain tumors (author's transl)].

PMID- 671861
TI  - [Detection of HB surface antigen and antibody in the hospital staff by
      radioimmunoassay (author's transl)].

PMID- 671862
TI  - [201 Tl myocardial imaging: comparison with vectorcardiographic and RI
      angiographic findings (author's transl)].

PMID- 671863
TI  - [Myocardial scintigram with thallium-201: basic investigation of the
      interpolative background substraction method (author's transl)].

PMID- 671864
TI  - [The clinical evaluation of whole body bone scanning using micro dot imager
      system and 99mTc-MDP (author's transl)].

PMID- 671865
TI  - [Blood cell labelling with technetium-99m (3) spleen scintigraphy by using a kit
      (TCK-11) for 99mTc-labelled red blood cells (author's transl)].

PMID- 671866
TI  - [A case report of subdural hematoma and hygroma demonstrated by brain scan and
      cisternogram (author's transl)].

PMID- 671867
TI  - [Fundamental and clinical investigation on the bone scintigraphy using 99mTc
      methylenediphosphonate (author's transl)].

PMID- 671868
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of various bone diseases by 99mTc-MDP (author's transl)].

PMID- 671869
TI  - [A radioimmunoassay for measurement of 3, 3', 5'-triiodothyronine (reverse T3)].

PMID- 671870
TI  - [On the structure of visual similarity (author's transl)].
AB  - The purpose of the present study is to investigate the structure of visual
      similarity. Stimuli were two series of geometric figures, one of them was 16
      rectangles (series A) and the other 18 "apparent" cubes (series B). Each stimulus
      series was given to eleven adults and eleven infants (five years old). Kruskal's
      nonmetric MDS was applied to observed (subjects mean average) similarity data.
      The main results were as follows: (a) The Euclidean model was more suited to the
      data than the city block model. (b) The number of necessary dimensions was two
      (series A), or three (series B) in both groups of the subjects.

PMID- 671871
TI  - [Shift of visual laterality difference by loading of auditory discrimination
      tasks (author's transl)].
AB  - To investigate the functional relationship between the right and the left
      cerebral hemispheres in normal man, the effects of verbal and nonverbal auditory
      loads on the visual laterality difference in recognizing line orientation and
      Japanese letters were examined. The left visual field superiority in recognizing
      line orientation increased with nonverbal load, and disappeared with verbal load.
      On the other hand, the right visual field superiority in recognizing letters
      increased with verbal load, and disappeared with nonverbal load. The results were
      interpreted as indicating that when verbal or nonverbal auditory load was
      presented to both hemispheres through both ears, shift of functional dominance
      occurred between the two hemispheres which were connected by corpus callosum.

PMID- 671872
TI  - [Study on the metabolism of insoluble elastin in hamster lungs during exerimental
      (elastase induced) emphysema (author's transl)].

PMID- 671873
TI  - [Clinical and pathological observation of diffuse interstitial pneumonia or
      fibrosis.--a tentative classification (author's transl)].

PMID- 671875
TI  - [Studies on diffuse intersitial fibrosing pneumonitis (pulmonary fibrosis)--an
      experimental investigation on cardio-pulmonary function (author's transl].

PMID- 671874
TI  - [The relationship between airway lesions and pulmonary function in bronchial
      asthma (author's transl)].

PMID- 671876
TI  - [Acoustic characteristics and the occurrence mechanism of the Velcro rale
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 671877
TI  - [Experimental investigation on the pathogenesis of aspirin-induced asthma--the
      effect of aspirin on the relaxation of guinea pig tracheal tissues with various
      bronchodilators (author's transl)].

PMID- 671879
TI  - [Future of corrective and reconstructive surgery].

PMID- 671878
TI  - [A case of sarcoidosis with unusual confluent massive shadows in the bilateral
      middle lung fields (author's transl)].

PMID- 671880
TI  - [Morphological studies on chronic cor pulmonale--morphometric analysis of the
      changes in left and right ventricular walls (author's transl)].

PMID- 671881
TI  - [Prostaglandins and vasoactive lung peptides released from the lungs during
      experimental pulmonary edema (author's transl)].

PMID- 671882
TI  - [Effect of phenoxybenzamine on the contractile responses of rabbit aortic and
      pulmonary arterial strips with various vasoconstrictors (author's transl)].

PMID- 671883
TI  - [Biochemical and ultrastructural studies on the effects of long-term exposure of
      ozone on vitamin E-depleted rats (author's transl)].

PMID- 671884
TI  - [A case of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis--"dyspnea" as the presenting symptom
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 671885
TI  - [A case of multiple myeloma with alveolar calcification in lung showing diffuse
      disseminated miliary shadows (author's transl)].

PMID- 671886
TI  - [Successful surgical treatment of aneurysm of the aortic arch and descending
      aorta with atelectasis of the left lung (author's transl)].

PMID- 671887
TI  - [Total replacement of aortic arch aneurysm by means of intraluminal placement of
      prosthesis under hypothermic separate body perfusion (author's transl)].

PMID- 671888
TI  - [The singular aortic aneurysms near the isthums (author's transl)].

PMID- 671889
TI  - [Thoracic aortic aneurysm associated with coarctation of the aorta (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 671890
TI  - [Double aortic arch with a large aneurysm (author's transl)].

PMID- 671891
TI  - [A case of aortic regurgitation secondary to chronic aortic retrograde dissection
      (DeBakey type II) (author's transl)].

PMID- 671892
TI  - [A successfully operated case of a giant aneurysm of thoracic descending aorta
      extending into the abdomen, accompanied with reconstruction of major intercostal
      artery (author's transl)].

PMID- 671893
TI  - [Late results of mitral valve replacement with Starr-Edwards low profile disc
      valve (author's transl)].

PMID- 671894
TI  - [The conduction disturbance caused by surgical trauma in congenital heart
      diseases, and its transition (author's transl)].

PMID- 671895
TI  - [The results of surgical treatment for re-stenosis of the mitral valve--redo
      mitral commissurotomy and valve replacement (author's transl)].

PMID- 671896
TI  - [Serum and urine concentration of the cephalosporin antibiotics during
      cardiopulmonary bypass for open heart surgery (author's transl)].

PMID- 671897
TI  - [Closure of patent ductus arteriosus and control of bleeding from the ductus by
      using hemoclips (author's transl)].

PMID- 671898
TI  - [Clinical conference at the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Mie University-
      Evaluation of surgical treatment for ventricular septal perforation after
      myocardial infarct].

PMID- 671899
TI  - [Treatment of tumors of the kidney and ureter (author's transl)].

PMID- 671900
TI  - [Results of the treatment of prostatic cancer (author's transl)].

PMID- 671902
TI  - [Urological complications associated with spina bifida and their managements: a
      clinical study (author's transl)].

PMID- 671901
TI  - [Statistical analysis of urolithiasis (author's transl)].

PMID- 671903
TI  - [Transcatheter embolization of renal adenocarcinoma: a new technique (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 671904
TI  - [Internal urethrotomy under direct vision (author's transl)].

PMID- 671905
TI  - [Vaginal metastasis from renal cell carcinoma: routes of metastasis (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 671906
TI  - [Anterior urethral value: a case report (author's transl)].

PMID- 671907
TI  - [Bilateral asynchronous ureteral tumors: report of a case and review of
      literatures (author's transl)].

PMID- 671908
TI  - [Clinical study of urinary protein fractions in renal and urinary tract diseases
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 671909
TI  - [Plasma and urinary carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with urologic cancer. 1.
      Clinical evaluation (author's transl)].

PMID- 671910
TI  - [The study of the urethral pressure profile recorded by a specially designed
      catheter withdrawing apparatus (author's transl)].

PMID- 671911
TI  - [Studies of the urodynamics. 4: Studies of CO2-gas cystometer (author's transl)].

PMID- 671912
TI  - [Electron microscopic studies on the autonomic innervation of the human vas
      deferens (author's transl)].

PMID- 671913
TI  - [Ultrasound in urology: transectal ultrasonotomography for the diagnosis of stage
      of bladder tumor (author's transl)].

PMID- 671915
TI  - [Urinary oxygen tension ratio and sodium reabsorption ratio in diagnosing
      renovascular hypertension (author's transl)].

PMID- 671914
TI  - [Investigation of the causes of urolithiasts. I. Calcium metabolism, with special
      reference to serum ionized calcium (author's transl)].

PMID- 671916
TI  - [Study on the prostatic tissue and seminal plasma levels of the chemothrapeutics.
      1. Chephalexin, doxycycline and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (author's transl)].

PMID- 671917
TI  - [A clinical study of non-oliguric renal failure (author's transl)].

PMID- 671918
TI  - [A personal experience with 643 transurethral resections (author's transl)].

PMID- 671919
TI  - Pathology on tumors of ovary in cattle.

PMID- 671920
TI  - Cardiopathological observations on histopathogenesis of wandering pacemaker in
      horses.

PMID- 671921
TI  - Studies on feline haemobartonellosis. V. Role of the spleen in cats infected with
      Haemobartonella felis.

PMID- 671922
TI  - Pathogenicity of Mycoplasma synoviae in chicken tracheal organ cultures.

PMID- 671923
TI  - Studies on serum free cholesterol concentration and serum lecithin cholesterol
      acyltransferase activity in canine dirofilariasis.

PMID- 671924
TI  - [Morphological study on nephronum and ureteral system in the fowl (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 671925
TI  - Frequencies of D, L and M blood groups of beagles bred in Japan.

PMID- 671926
TI  - Ultrastructural observation on the removal of Haemobartonella felis from
      erythrocytes in the spleen of a cat.

PMID- 671927
TI  - Odor evoking of epileptic seizures in IDT mice.

PMID- 671928
TI  - Isolation of Fusobacterium necrophorum from bovine ruminal lesions.

PMID- 671929
TI  - Etiological studies on natural outbreaks of pneumonia in mice.

PMID- 671930
TI  - Drug susceptibility of Brucella canis isolated from dogs.

PMID- 671931
TI  - Blood grouping of chimpanzees by isoantibody.

PMID- 671932
TI  - Studies on a paramyxovirus isolated from Japanese sparrow-hawks (Accipiter
      virgatus gularis). I. Isolation and characterization of the virus.

PMID- 671933
TI  - Spheroids (axonal dystrophy) in the central nervous system of the dog. I. Light
      microscopic observations.

PMID- 671934
TI  - Studies on canine haemobartonellosis. I. Haemobartonella canis detected in the
      blood of dogs inoculated with Babesia gibsoni.

PMID- 671935
TI  - Significance of urine-culture for detecting infection with Brucella canis in
      dogs.

PMID- 671936
TI  - Viability of Fasciola gigantica metacercariae.

PMID- 671937
TI  - Comparison of the pharmacological effects of epinephrine administered by the
      intravenous and endotracheal routes.
AB  - Epinephrine in various dosages was administered to anesthetized dogs by
      intravenous and endotracheal routes. Both methods produced measurable effects on
      heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration. Tachycardia occurred more rapidly
      after endotracheal administration than after intravenous administration.
      Respiration appeared to be supported more advantageously with the larger
      endotracheal dosages. The maximum blood pressure rise was delayed only 60 seconds
      by the endotracheal route. With an endotracheally administered dose of ten times
      the intravenous dose, equal responses in blood pressure were obtained. However,
      when equal doses are compared, there is only a two to three fold increase with
      the intravenous route. The endotracheal route may be less toxic at higher doses,
      affording greater safety when large amounts of epinephrine are used. It is
      concluded that endotracheally administered epinephrine produces significant
      pharmacologic effects in anesthetized dogs.

PMID- 671938
TI  - Hand injuries: incidence and epidemiology in an emergency service.
AB  - During a four-month period, 1,164 patients presented to the surgical section of
      our Emergency Services (ES) with chief complaints involving the hand. Patient
      records were analyzed for several variables including demographics, diagnosis and
      therapeutic procedures. Lacerations were the most frequent injury, 61.5% (n=716)
      with deep structure injuries present in 6.1% (n=44). Of deep structure injuries,
      36.4% were tendon lacerations, 27.2% were nerve injuries, and 36.4% were compound
      fractures. "Bites" accounted for 5.2% (37) of all lacerations, eight of which
      were human bites. Fractures were the second most frequent injury, (11.4%) and
      involved 143 separate bones. Infections were present in 7%; over half were
      paronychias. There were 42 (3.6%) thermal injuries.

PMID- 671939
TI  - The Baron revisited: a case report.
AB  - The Munchausen patient seeks hospital care to satisfy a masochistic streak and is
      willing to undergo operations and painful hospital procedures while at the same
      time being abusive and aggressive. He often uses an argument with hospital
      personnel as an excuse to leave against medical advice. The diagnosis is rarely
      made in the emergency department but might be made more frequently if lists of
      known "Munchausens" were circulated through emergency department and if emergency
      physicians were more aware of the problem. The physician in doubt, however, will
      do better to risk being fooled and manage the patient as if his complaints were
      real. One such case is reported.

PMID- 671940
TI  - "Cotton fever" in narcotic addicts.
AB  - Two patients presented to the emergency department with acute onset of fever and
      myalgia after injecting heroin reclaimed from previously used cotton filters.
      Their histories and clinical courses are illustrative of the symptom complex
      known to drug users as "cotton fever." Although the causative mechanisms are
      unknown, the syndrome does appear to have a benign, self-limiting course.

PMID- 671941
TI  - Hypertensive encephalopathy.

PMID- 671942
TI  - The latest on specialty recognition for emergency medicine.

PMID- 671943
TI  - The awake, alert patient can deceive.

PMID- 671944
TI  - The IV in readiness--a mixed blessing?

PMID- 671945
TI  - A rubber band powered, piston-valve aspirator.
AB  - A new valved surgical aspirator is described which overcomes the shortcomings of
      conventional, valve-less suction devices. The valve piston which controls the
      flow of fluid is retained in the valve body by an ordinary rubber band. When the
      valve is opened by depressing the piston, the rubber band is stretched. When the
      piston is released, the rubber band shortens, automatically returning the valve
      to the closed position. Occluding the flow of air through a surgical aspirator
      between actual usages reduces the risk of bacterial wound contamination and
      reduces noise levels in the operating room. The rubber band powered, piston-valve
      aspirator is simple and efficient, and therefore it is suitable for hospital use.

PMID- 671946
TI  - Clinical conferences at The Johns Hopkins Hospital: status asthmaticus.

PMID- 671947
TI  - Disordered breathing and oxygen desaturation during daytime naps.
AB  - Ten patients with and ten patients without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
      (COPD) were monitored for the presence of disordered breathing and oxygen
      desaturation during daytime naps. Disordered breathing occurred commonly during
      naps in patients with COPD and often was associated with desaturation. Disordered
      breathing was also seen in patients without COPD, but desaturation was less
      frequent and less severe.

PMID- 671948
TI  - [Japans technical cooperation with developing countries in tuberculosis control
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 671949
TI  - [A study on the geographic distribution of 'atypical' mycobacteria in Japan
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 671950
TI  - [Controlled clinical trial of three 6 month regimens of chemotherapy for
      pulmonary tuberculosis (preliminary report) (author's transl)].

PMID- 671951
TI  - [An attempt to work out highly efficient short-course regimens by model
      experiments in mouse tuberculosis (author's transl)].

PMID- 671952
TI  - [A clinical study of enviomycin (EVM) for pulmonary tuberculosis and a case
      report of lung autopsy treated originally with EVM (author's transl)].

PMID- 671953
TI  - [Methodical approach to the study of hemodynamics and renal function in
      hypertension].

PMID- 671954
TI  - [Cardiac insufficiency and mortality after correction of the mitral valve defect,
      depending on the degree of cardiac output before the operation].
AB  - The course of the postoperative period was studied in 107 patients subjected to
      adequate correction of mitral valvular disease; 88 of them underwent open heart
      surgery. The cardiac output was measured by radiocardiography. Total
      postoperative mortality was 13%, cardiac insufficiency mortality 8.4%. Cardiac
      insufficiency was encountered in 42% of patients who had been operated on.
      Significant increase in the rate of cardiac insufficiency with the diminution of
      the cardiac index with "critical" value of 21/min/m2 was established: cardiac
      insufficiency was found in 76.3% of patients subjected to operation with cardiac
      index below 21/min/m2 and in 23.2% among those with cardiac index equal to or
      more than 21/min/m2. A similar regularity was revealed in analysis of cardiac
      insufficiency mortality:with cardiac index below 21/min/m2 it was 18.4%, with
      cardiac index of 21/min/m2 or more, it was 2.9%. No interrelationship was
      revealed between cardiac insufficiency incidence and mortality and the type of
      mitral valve lesion, extent of surgical intervention, and duration of
      extracorporeal circulation.

PMID- 671955
TI  - [Tolerance to physical exertion and energy expenditure as indicators of work
      capacity of patients with ischemic heart disease].
AB  - The character and severity of suffered infarction determine the tolerance to
      physical load, mainly in the early phase of the disease. Patients with a
      threshold capacity of 400 kgm/min and more may be pronounced capable of working
      irrespective of the character of the infarction suffered. Individuals over 55
      years of age with a large oxygen deficit and relative cardiac insufficiency
      perform loads of 300 kgm/min and higher, which should be borne in mind in
      examination for determining their working capacity.

PMID- 671956
TI  - [Use of the esophageal electric countershock].
AB  - Transesophageal cardioversion was applied in 277 patients 296 times for arrest of
      cardiac arrhythmia. Paroxysmal fibrillation and flutter of the atria, and
      paroxysmal tachycardia were arrested in all cases, chronic atrial fibrillation in
      92.4% and chronic irregular atrial flutter in 94.1% of cases. In the group of
      patients where transthoracic cardioversion at a voltage of 7 kV proved
      ineffective, the sinus rhythm was restored in 76.5% of cases with atrial
      fibrillation and 84.2% of cases with irregular atrial flutter when one of the
      electrodes was introduced into the esophagus. The mean defibrillating voltage in
      transesophageal cardioversion for chronic atrial fibrillation was by 53.8% lower
      than that in transthoracic cardioversion. The design of the esophageal electrode
      proposed provides for the continous recording of the ECG in the esophageal lead
      for the purpose of determining the optimum position of the electrode and
      identifying the character of disorders in the cardiac rhythm more precisely.

PMID- 671957
TI  - [Physiological properties of the blood vessel smooth muscles in experimental
      atherosclerosis].
AB  - The contraction of smooth muscle cells in response to the effect of
      catecholamines and potassium chloride was studied in experiments on isolated ring
      segments of the rabbit aorta under normal conditions and in experimental
      cholesterol atherosclerosis at its early developmental stages. It was found that
      at the early stages of atherosclerosis development the character of the
      contractile reactions was marked by changes which may be considered from the
      standpoint of disorder in the ion mechanisms of the interrelationships of sodium
      and calcium both on the membrane and within the smooth muscle cell, and from the
      standpoint of increased reactivity of chemically sensitive calcium channels of
      the membrane. The cause of these changes may be the accumulation of cholesterol,
      lipoproteins and acid mucopolysaccharides in the vascular wall at the early
      stages of atherosclerosis development.

PMID- 671958
TI  - [Variants of auricular flutter].

PMID- 671959
TI  - [Differential-diagnostic symptoms of mitral valve defect and arteriosclerotic
      cardiosclerosis complicated by auricular fibrillation].

PMID- 671960
TI  - [Anti-arrhythmic properties of methyluracil].

PMID- 671961
TI  - [Visualization of the vascular bed by means of ultrasonics].

PMID- 671962
TI  - [Study of bronchial blood flow by means of the photoelectroplethysmography].

PMID- 671963
TI  - [Indications for electric stimulation of the heart in disorders of
      atrioventricular conductivity].
AB  - The authors analyse the indications for electric stimulation of the heart in
      disorders of atrioventricular conduction on the basis of personal experience
      (1000 odd electric stimulations). Two main factors, the frequency and severity of
      Morgangni-Adams-Stokes attacks and the state of hemodynamics, should be taken
      into account when the indications for electric cardiac stimulation are
      considered. In choosing the therapeutical measures and methods, due consideration
      should also be given to the etiology of the block. Morgagni-Adams-Stokes attacks
      are an absolute indication for permanent electric stimulation. The authors
      believe that as a method for the management of atrioventricular block electric
      stimulation of the heart has no absolute contraindications.

PMID- 671964
TI  - [Use of the electric defibrillation for increasing electric stability of the
      myocardium under normal conditions and in myocardial infarct (experimental
      clinical study)].
AB  - On the basis of animal experiments and analysis of clinical data it is concluded
      that the electric discharge used in cardioversion and defibrillation increases
      the threshold of ventricular fibrilllation and that the effect of repeated
      electric discharges accumulates.

PMID- 671965
TI  - [Relationship between the spike potentials of "local" intra-atrial and esophageal
      electrocardiograms of the atria and notched P wave of ECG from the body surface].
AB  - The interrelationship of spike potentials of "local" intraatrial and esophageal
      electrograms and notched P wave of an intensified ECG recorded from the body
      surface was studied. It was found that the process of excitation in the region of
      the sinus node is reflected in the slow deviation of the P wave of intensified
      ECG, preceding the appearance of the P wave of an ordinary ECG recorded from the
      body surface. The A1 spike of a "local" electrogram reflecting the penetration of
      excitation into the right atrium is manifested in the form of the first notch of
      the P wave on an intensified ECG. The A2 spike reflecting the arrival of the
      excitation to the atrioventricular node is manifested in the form of a notch--the
      first peak of the P wave. The A1(2)) spike reflecting the arrival of the
      excitation to the left atrium along Bachmann's bundle is manifested as the second
      peak of the P wave (A1(2)). The A3 spike of the "local" electrogram reflecting
      the arrival of the excitation from the left atrium to the orifice of the coronary
      sinus is manifested in the form of the second notch of the P wave (A3).

PMID- 671966
TI  - [Current state and perspectives of the study of cardiac rhythm disorders].

PMID- 671967
TI  - [Atrial tachycardia with atrioventricular block].
AB  - A clinico-electrocardiographic analysis of 25 cases with atrial tachycardia and
      atrioventricular block was conducted. Confirmation was established of the
      connection between the development of atrial tachycardia with atrioventricular
      block and changes in the myocardium, circulatory insufficiency, acute coronary
      failure and toxicosis with cardiac glucosides. Such signs of atrial tachycardia
      with atrioventricular block as the rate of atrial rhythm of 150 to 250 per
      minute, the possibility of fluctuations in the P-P interval, the presence of an
      isoelectric PP segment, and atrioventricular block of various degree were found
      to be of the highest diagnostic value. It is presumed that the development of
      atrioventricular block in atrial tachycardia is linked with changes in the
      conducting system of the heart.

PMID- 671968
TI  - [Variants of development of complete atrioventricular block. Prognosis in
      disorders of intraventricular conduction].
AB  - In a group of patients with complete atrioventricular block admitted for
      implantation of a cardiac stimulant, 15 out of 74 patients (20.3%) had normal
      intraventricular conduction before the block, while 59 (79.7%) had disorders of
      intraventricular conduction. A combination of right bundle-branch block with
      block of the anterior limb of the left branch was the most frequent occurrence
      (37.8%). Comparison of the QRS complexes in maintained atrioventricular
      conduction with those in complete antrioventricular block showed that among
      patients with disorders of intraventricular conduction complete atrioventricular
      block was of a proximal character in 45.5% and of a distal character in 54.5% of
      cases. There was a high risk of development of complete atrioventricular block in
      patients with right bundle-branch block combined with block of the anterior limb
      of the left branch; it was found to be 41.2% at an average follow-up period of 23
      months.

PMID- 671969
TI  - [Dynamics of myocardial contraction in patients with auricular fibrillation after
      restoration of sinus rhythm by means of electric countershock].
AB  - The dynamics of left ventricular contraction was studied in 107 patients with
      cardiac fibrillation 1 and 6-8 days after restoration of sinus rhythm by
      electroimpulsive therapy. It has been found that contraction of the left
      ventricle improves markedly 24 hours after the sinus rhythm is restored and
      practically does not change by the 6th -8th day after that. On the grounds of
      such dynamics of left ventricular contraction it is concluded that it is quite
      sufficient to observe complete bedrest after successful defibrillation for 24
      hours, since the risk of normalization embolisms and pulmonary edema sharply
      diminishes beginning 24 hours after the sinus rhythm has been restored. It is
      shown that the dynamics of myocardial contration following restoration of the
      sinus rhythm cannot serve for the prognostication of the remote results of
      electroimpulsive therapy.

PMID- 671970
TI  - [Anti-arrhythmic properties of ethmosine (clinico-experimental study)].
AB  - The antiarrhythmic activity of some acyl derivatives of phenothiazine was
      studied. Ethmozine proved to be the most effective among them. It produced a
      marked antiarrhythmic effect both in experiments and in the clinic. The effect of
      ethmozine is similar to that of quinidine, but it has a wider therapeutic range
      and is less toxic. The drug has practically no effect or arterial pressure,
      myocardial conduction and myocardial contraction. These properties of ethmozine
      as well as its ability to prolong the refractory period and reduce myocardial
      excitability allow it to be recommened for the management of tachyarrhythmic a
      rhythmia.

PMID- 671971
TI  - [Prevention of ventricular fibrillation in animal experiments].
AB  - The precursors of ventricular fibrillation and asystole developing after ligation
      of a branch of the coronary artery and adrenalin injection were studied in 30
      albino rats. The comparative efficacy of antiarrhythmic agents (ajmalin,
      lidocaine, isoptin, visken) in the prevention of ventricular fibrillation induced
      by electric current was determined in 40 rats. Ventricular extrasystole and
      tachysystole as well as the block of the bundle of His branch were the most
      common precursors of ventricular fibrillation. In some experiments fibrillation
      was preceded by complete atrioventricular block, cardiac fibrillation, sinus
      bradycardia, nonparoxysmal ventricular tachycardia, and excaped ventricular
      contractions. Ventricular asystole was most frequently preceded by complete
      atrioventricular block and the bundle of His branch block. Among the
      antiarrhythmic agents studied, ajmalin proved most effective in prevention of
      ventricular fibrillation; it raised the fibrillation threshold in all animals.
      Lidocaine, which produced a prophylactic effect in 50% of experiments, was second
      in effectiveness. Changes in the ventricular fibrillation threshold due to the
      effect of these agents were statistically significant on the average. Isoptin and
      visken proved to be less effective.

PMID- 671972
TI  - [Prevention of ventricular fibrillation with the aid of protopine in animal
      experiments].
AB  - The anti-arrhythmic activity of protopin, quinidine and novocainamide infused
      intravenously as a preventive and relieving measure was studied in acute
      experiments on rats with calcium chloride and aconitic arrhythmia. In myocardial
      fibrillation induced by calcium chloride the contents in the rat heart of
      adrenalin, noradrenaline, dopa and dopamine were studied by spectrofluorimetry
      before and after the use of protopin. It was established that in the size of its
      minimum effective doses which arrest or prevent calcium chloride and aconitic
      arrhythmias in rats protopin is two to three times more potent than quinidine and
      novocainamide. The mechanism of the anti-arrhythmic effect of protopin in calcium
      chloride and aconitic arrhythmias is complex and is due to the suppression of the
      foci of heterotopic stimulation, decrease in excitability of the myocardial cells
      and normalization of the catecholamine content in the myocardium.

PMID- 671973
TI  - [Effect of propranolol on the fibrillation threshold and the period of
      vulnerability of cardiac ventricles under normal conditions and during acute
      coronary occlusion].
AB  - Experiments on anesthetized dogs have shown that intravenous infusion of 1 mg/kg
      of propranolol has no essential effect on the threshold of ventricular
      fibrillation, but considerably reduces the duration of the vulnerable period.
      Ligation of the coronary artery during propranolol infusion does not cause a
      reduction in the fibrillation threshold or prolongation of the period of
      vulnerability; propranolol inhibits the fibrillatory effect of ligation of the
      vessel. Infusion of propranolol after ligation of the coronary artery leads to
      the return of the fibrillation threshold and the duration of the period of
      vulnerability to the initial values. Prolongation of the period of vulnerability
      after ligation of the coronary artery and its reduction after propranolol
      infusion occur due to shifts in the internal boundary of the period. There is a
      direct correlative relationship between the duration of the vulnerable period and
      the body mass of the dogs: the greater the mass of the animal, the longer the
      duration of the period of vulnerability.

PMID- 671974
TI  - [Anti-arrhythmic activity of trimecaine under experimental and clinical
      conditions].
AB  - The antiarrhythmic properties of trimecaine, a local anesthetic, were studied.
      Tests on cats and rats with arrhythmia induced by stimulation with electric
      current and injection of aconitine, barium chloride, and calcium chloride as well
      as on a cell model of aconitine arrhythmia have shown that trimecaine possesses
      marked antiarrhythmic properties. It is more active and less toxic than
      procainamide hydrochloride or quinidine. Oral administration of 0.35% trimecaine
      solution had a favourable therapeutic effect in extrasystole in patients with
      complex heart valvular diseases and circulatory disorders. It is presumed that
      parenteral injection will produce a more rapid and prolonged antiarrhythmic
      effect.

PMID- 671975
TI  - [Assessment of early arrhythmias in acute experimental myocardial infarct in
      rabbits].
AB  - Arrhythmias were studied at the early stage after rapid ligation of the left
      ventricular artery on an experimental model of arrhythmia in rabbits. The rabbits
      were subjected to thoractomy and ligation of the left ventricular artery under
      direct visualization. The electrocardiographic and hemodynamic parameters were
      recorded. Electrocardiographic signs of infarction and changes in rhythm were
      recorded in 60% of the animals. The rate of cardiac contractions and the arterial
      pressure decreased after the ligation. In the group in which practolol was
      applied the rate of arrhythmias dropped to 25%. The effect of adrenergic beta
      block on acute occlusion of the coronary artery is discussed.

PMID- 671976
TI  - [Cardiac arrhythmias of hypothalamic origin].
AB  - It was established in chronic rabbit experiments that periodical prolonged
      electric stimulation of the hypothalamic ventrolateral nucleus may induce,
      besides tachycardia and ventricular extrasystole, episodes of cardiac
      fibrillation and sudden death from ventricular fibrillation. The development of
      cardiac fibrillation is associated with increased content of catecholamines in
      the blood and myocardium. It was also found that the energy-producing activity of
      the mitochondria and active ion transportation were impaired in the myocardium,
      the intracellular content of potassium and sodium was changed, and the
      ultrastructure of the heart muscle was markedly altered. It was shown that the
      predominance of parasympathetic effects over sympathetic was one of the factors
      determining the resistance of the heart to the development of cardiac
      fibrillation of hypothalamic origin.

PMID- 671978
TI  - [Value of the electrocardiographic test with dosed physical load on a
      veloergometer in the study of the cardiovascular system function].

PMID- 671977
TI  - [Dynamics of pre-hospital lethality in acute coronary insufficiency and
      myocardial infarct in Krasnoyarsk during 1963-1975].
AB  - The data on the dynamics of prehospital mortality in acute coronary failure (ACF)
      and myocardial infarction (MI) depending on the improvement in medical service in
      the prehospital stage of treatment are presented. The research showed that
      prehospital mortality in ACF and MI accounts for 75% of the total mortality.
      Among deaths registered in the prehospital stage 73.7% were sudden. As the result
      of improvements in prehospital medical service due to the training of physicians
      of the emergency medical service, the organization of cardiologic emergency aid
      teams, clinico-pathologic conferences held at the emergency medical service
      stations, etc. extrahospital mortality dropped from 45.6% (1963) to 26.2% (1975)
      with simultaneous drop in total mortality from 61.9% (1963) to 37.4% (1975).

PMID- 671979
TI  - [Morphogenesis of the "myxedematous heart" after experimental thyroidectomy in
      rabbits].
AB  - Electrocardiographic, biochemical, morphohistochemical and ultrastructural
      changes in the rabbit's heart were studied after thyroidectomy. The data obtained
      suggested that the changes in the heart of the test animals were characteristic
      of the "myxedematous heart". Certain regularities in the dynamics of the tissue
      and structure changes in the myocardium depending on the postoperative period
      were revealed.

PMID- 671980
TI  - [Cor pulmonale in various collagen diseases].
AB  - The early manifestations of cor pulmonale and their dependence on the functional
      and morphologic changes in the lungs as well as on the collagen disease were
      studied on 186 patients with various collagenoses. Besides undergoing routine
      methods of examination all patients were tested for the function of external
      respiration and subjected to X-ray examination of the lungs and heart and electro
      , phono-, vector- and kinetocardiography. There was no parallelism between the
      clinical manifestations of respiratory insufficiency and the functional and X-ray
      signs of affection of the lungs. Despite the chronic changes in the lungs, the
      configuration of the heart is altered only in singular cases. In the diagnosis of
      the involvement into the process of the right parts of the heart
      kinetocardiography and changes in the PV1 angle on the ECG proved to be most
      informative. Instrumental methods of examination revealed that the right parts of
      the heart were already involved in the stage of functional changes in the lungs.

PMID- 671981
TI  - [Use of modified cardioplegic solution for prevention of ventricular fibrillation
      in the acute stage of experimental myocardial infarct].

PMID- 671982
TI  - [Clinical aspects and diagnosis of climacteric cardiopathy].

PMID- 671983
TI  - [Role of ECG in diagnosis of external heart rupture in myocardial infarct].

PMID- 671984
TI  - [Classification of non-coronarogenic myocardial damage].
AB  - A working classification of noncoronarogenic damage to the cardiac muscle is
      suggested in which 4 general-pathology groups are considered: myocardial
      dystrophies, myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, and neoplasms. The main principles are
      presented for grouping diseases of the myocardium not associated with ischemic
      heart disease, hypertension or rheumatic fever. Certain problems of the clinical
      picture and differential diagnosis of dystrophic, inflammatory, and idiopathic
      damages to the heart muscle are discussed.

PMID- 671987
TI  - [Evaluation of various noninvasive methods of determination of stroke volume and
      its relationship with the electric activity of the myocardium].

PMID- 671986
TI  - [Change in the kidney function in persons with hypertension after physical
      exertion].

PMID- 671985
TI  - [Morphofunctional dynamics of formation of mitral valve defect in modeling its
      insufficiency].

PMID- 671988
TI  - [Hemodynamics after moderate physical exertion in patients with chronic
      nonspecific lung diseases].

PMID- 671989
TI  - [Toxoplasmosis-induced myocarditis].
AB  - The clinical picture of myocarditis was studied in 72 patients with toxoplasmic
      infection and in 44 patients not suffering from this infection. Comparison of the
      clinical signs of myocarditis in these two groups showed that myocarditis of
      toxoplasmic etiology has no characteristic features. The only distinction between
      these two groups was the different frequency of various symptoms. In view of
      this, methods of laboratory diagnosis of toxoplasmosis acquire much significance.

PMID- 671990
TI  - [Endomyocardial biopsy in the diagnosis of myocarditis and cardiomyopathies].
AB  - Fifty patients with the following suspected diseases were examined: examined:
      congenital heart disease (25), rheumatic heart disease (7), infectious-allergic
      myocarditis (12), fibroelastosis of the endocardium (3), alcoholic cardiomyopathy
      (2), drug cardiomyopathy (1). Catheterization biopsy of the endo- and myocardium
      was accomplished with a special bioptome after catheterization of the heart. No
      complications occurred during or after biopsy. The results of histologic and
      histochemical examination of the bioptates of the cardiac muscle are discussed.
      On the basis of the data in the literature and personal experience, it is
      concluded that biopsy of the endo- and myocardium may be undertaken to specify
      the etiology and pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy. The method is comparatively
      safe.

PMID- 671991
TI  - [Differential diagnosis and treatment of ischemic heart disease and dyshormonal
      myocardial dystrophy].
AB  - The informative value of functional tests (with inderal, potassium and bicycle
      ergometer), the state of central hemodynamics, and the effectiveness of the
      anabolic hormone retabolil were studied in young females with dyshormonal
      myocardial dystrophy. The group consisted of 33 females between the ages of 33
      and 45 with maintained menstrual cycle. The presence of cardialgia, syndrome of
      negative T wave, aggravated gynecologic anamnesis and the absence of clinical and
      laboratory data testifying to coronarogenous, inflammatory or some other lesion
      of the heart muscle made it possible to make the diagnosis of dyshormonal
      myocardial dystrophy. Functional tests with inderal and potassium and bicycle
      ergometry are objective criteria in the differential diagnosis of ischemic heart
      disease and dyshormonal myocardial dystrophy. Negative drug tests in individuals
      with persistent signs of dyshormonal dystrophy of the myocardium are evidence in
      favour of the development of postdystrophic cardiosclerosis. According to the
      data of hemodynamics, the functional state of the myocardium in patients with
      diffuse myocardial dystrophy is impaired. The anabolic hormone retabolil is an
      agent of pathogenetic therapy in the group of patients studied.

PMID- 671992
TI  - [Characteristics of the sound symptomatology of the heart in functional
      cardiopathy].
AB  - Sixty persons with functional cardiopathy who had a systolic murmur were
      examined. The purpose of the study was the demonstration of the criteria for the
      positive diagnosis of a functional systolic murmur in this pathologic condition
      since hyperdiagnosis of valvular heart disease among these patients is a frequent
      occurrence. The auscultatory and phonocardiographic characteristics of the
      functional systolic murmur are described, a conclusion on the absence of any
      connection between this murmur and the valvular apparatus of the heart is drawn,
      an opinion on the mechanism of its formation is presented, and the data on the
      effect of beta-blocking agents on the systolic murmur (single dose and a course
      of treatment) are discussed.

PMID- 671993
TI  - [Circulatory changes in the neurocirculatory asthenia syndrome].
AB  - The results of a comprehensive study of central and cerebral hemodynamics in
      individuals with the syndrome of neurocirculatory dystonia by means of
      radionuclide diagnosis are discussed. The shifts revealed provide evidence that
      hypertonic type of the dystonia syndrome is characterized by increase in the
      minute cardiac volume, vascular resistance, and minute cardiac output with
      moderate decrease in the volumetric rate of the cerebral circulation. In
      hypotonic type of dystonia the volumetric rate of the cerebral circulation is
      considerably diminished, while central hemodynamics is normal. The study also
      showed that in the syndrome of neurocirculatory dystonia there was lack of
      coordination between the systemic and regional cerebral hemodynamics manifested
      by decrease in the cerebral fraction of the cardiac minute volume.

PMID- 671994
TI  - [Clinical characteristics of myocardial dystrophies and myocardiopathies].

PMID- 671995
TI  - [Difficulties in diagnosis of infectious-allergic myocarditis].
AB  - The work is based on observations over 168 patients with infectious-allergic
      myocarditis. The principal clinical, instrumental-laboratory, and morphologic
      criteria of this disease are discussed. The contractile function of the
      myocardium and central hemodynamics were studied. Intravital puncture biopsy of
      the myocardium was employed for the first time in this disease. Clinico
      morphologic variants of infectious-allergic myocarditis are distinguished.

PMID- 671996
TI  - [Mechanism of the cardiotoxic effect of various industrial poisons (metals)].
AB  - The effect of acute and repeated action of cobalt, lead, antimony on the
      metabolism of the heart muscle is shown. High doses of the metals of
      approximately 1/5 LD50 were studied in the acute experiment and doses one fifth
      these in the repeated experiment. The data obtained indicated that due to the
      effect of all the poisons studied changes developed early in catecholamine
      metabolism - the myocardial noradrenaline content decreased and the blood and
      urine monamine levels rose. Increase in the content of pyruvic acid,
      intensification of glycogenolysis processes (increase in phosphorylase a activity
      and decrease in the glycogen level), and diminished activity of lactate
      dehydrogenase in the myocardium attested to changes in its metabolism. High doses
      of the metals caused an increase in the free activity of the lysosome enzymes,
      cathepsins and of acid phosphatase, which indicated that the permeability of the
      membranes of these organelles was disturbed. The mechanism of the cardiotoxic
      effect of the metals is discussed.

PMID- 671997
TI  - [Echocardiography in the diagnosis of exudative pericarditis].
AB  - Echocardiography revealed pericardial effusion in 20 patients with various
      oncologic diseases. Chest X-ray showed effusion only in 5 patients,
      electrocardiographic signs of pericarditis were found in 12 patients.
      Echocardiography is an exact and simple method for the diagnosis of exudative
      pericarditis.

PMID- 671998
TI  - [Dynamics of the echocardiographic indicators in myocardial infarct].
AB  - Echocardiography was conducted on 22 patients with macrofocal myocardial
      infarction in the first 24 hours of the disease and in the three months
      following. Zones of asynergy of myocardial contraction were found in all
      patients. Segmental diminution of myocardial contraction was combined with
      hyperkinesia of areas of the intact heart muscle. Disturbance in regional
      myocardial contraction was attended with a decrease in functional capacity of the
      left ventricle. The left ventricular dysfunction in myocardial infarction is to a
      greater extent determined by the size and character of the asynergy rather than
      by the localization of infarction. In the period of recovery normalization of
      contraction was noted in the hypokinetic zones and to a lesser extent in the
      zones of akinesia. Zones of paradoxical movements of the wall which had developed
      in the acute period remained 3 months after the onset of the disease.

PMID- 671999
TI  - [Types of disorders of the contractile function of the heart in acute myocardial
      infarct].
AB  - Acute myocardial infarction is characterized by reduced contractile activity of
      the heart, which is manifested by pathological shifts in the phase structure of
      the left ventricular systole and parameters of hemodynamics corresponding to the
      syndrome of hypodynamia. The severity of the hypodynamia syndrome depends on the
      volume of the affected myocardium. On the basis of the degree of pathological
      shifts in the phase and hemodynamic indices, the authors distinguished several
      types of impaired cardiac contractility. In the course of stage-by-stage
      treatment applied on the principles of early activation, mobilization, and
      rehabilitation of patients, the dynamics differs with the type of the
      contractility disorder. In type I positive dynamics is revealed beginning with
      stage I, in type II beginning with stage II of treatment; in type III negative
      dynamics is noted in the early periods of the disease and positive dynamics in
      stage III of treatment. The differentiation of these types becomes very important
      in appraising the tactics, the prognosis, and the outcome of the disease. Close
      correlative relations were revealed between the phase indices and the indices of
      hemodynamics which allow more objective appraisal of the state of cardiac
      contractility in the acute period of myocardial infarction.

PMID- 672000
TI  - [Renin and various factors of its regulation in acute myocardial infarct].
AB  - The activity of blood plasma renin and the content of aldosterone were studied in
      dynamics in 55 patients with acute myocardial infarction following a different
      course. The dependence of renin activity and potassium content is analysed. The
      authors did not find any dependence between the degree of growth of blood plasma
      renin activity and the course of the disease; exception to this were patients
      with disorders of rhythm and conductivity. It is presumed that changes in
      potassium metabolism play an important role in the changes in renin activity in
      myocardial infarction.

PMID- 672001
TI  - [Effect of periodicity of many days on the outcome of myocardial infarct in
      males].
AB  - The existence of an endogenic biological rhythm of 42-day duration, determining
      both the moment of development and the outcome of myocardial infarction, is
      shown. Mortality was highest among persons who had acquired the disease in the
      first and fourth weeks of this period. This may also testify to the existence of
      a 21-day cycle of periodicity which has an effect on the outcome of the disease.

PMID- 672002
TI  - [Bases for the differential therapy of chronic ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 672003
TI  - [Diagnostic information content of electrocardiographic signs of myocardial scars
      in ischemic heart disease].
AB  - A study was made of 326 cases with scars of the myocardium more than 5 mm in size
      and of 697 cases without any scars. The ECG changes were classified according to
      the Minnesota Code. Among cased in which scars were found on autopsy, the ECG had
      made it possible to establish (by WHO criteria) myocardial infarction in 34%,
      other chronic forms of ischemic heart disease in 35%, miscellaneous changes in
      26%, and showed no changes in 5% of cases. The sensitivity of the
      electrocardiographic method in revealing myocardial scars proved to be low: the
      frequency of false-negative results according to any of the signs exceeded 30% in
      transmural scars and 60% in non-transmural scars. The most valuable diagnostic
      information was yielded by Q and QS waves (Codes I-1 and I-2), artial
      fibrillation, changes in T waves (Code V-2) and total block of the left branch of
      the bundle of His (in diminishing succession).

PMID- 672004
TI  - [Disorder of erythrocyte membrane calcium binding in hypertension and
      experimental genetic hypertension].
AB  - Under conditions of physiological concentration of free calcium in the incubation
      medium (Ca2+f = 1.5 mM), the outer surface of the membrane of human and Wistar
      rat erythrocytes binds 435 +/- and 359 +/- 32 nmol calcium per 1 ml cells,
      respectively. The external surface of erythrocytes in patients with essential
      hypertension and in rats with spontaneous hypertension (SHR, Kyoto Wistar) also
      binds such amounts of calcium. With the concentration of calcium corresponding to
      its concentration in the intracellular space (Ca2+f less than 1 mcM), the inner
      membrane surface of eritrocyte ghosts binds only 3.53 +/- 0.16 and 4.28 +/- 0.39
      nmol calcium per 1 mg protein of human and rat eritrocyte ghosts, respectively.
      The noted decrease in the calcium-binding capacity of the inner part of the
      erythrocyte membrane, being probably a characteristic feature of membrane
      alteration displayed also in other cellular structure, may determine the changes
      in tissue sensitivity to the effect of hormones and catecholamines in both types
      of hypertension.

PMID- 672005
TI  - [State of the microcirculation in hypertension according to conjunctival
      biomicroscopy data].
AB  - Microcirculation was studied by the method of conjunctival biomicroscopy in 276
      practically healthy subjects and in 174 patients with various stages of
      hypertension. In 80 of these patients with hypertension the study was conducted
      in dynamics. Among healthy subjects abnormalities in the conjunctival
      microcirculatory bed were occasionally encountered, the possibility of their
      detection grew with the age of the person examine. Marked changes in the terminal
      blood flow, considerably exceeding the age norm, were revealed in patients with
      hypertension; these changes progressed with the growth in the severity of the
      disease. Microcirculatory disorders in patients with hypertension are rather
      stable in character.

PMID- 672006
TI  - [Aspects of a study of the blood enzymatic and isoenzymatic spectrum in different
      forms of ischemic heart disease].
AB  - Analysis of data obtained in the study of the blood enzymatic and isoenzymatic
      spectra (creatine phosphokinase and lactate dehydrogenase with simulatenous study
      of aspartate and alanine transaminases) in patients with various forms of
      ischemic heart disease showed the close correlation of the studied tests with the
      clinical picture of the disease, the degree and depth of myocardial involvement.
      The enzymatic tests studied are of diagnostic and prognostic importance and may
      be used in the differential diagnosis of various forms of ischemic heart disease.

PMID- 672007
TI  - [Nonenzymatic fibrinolysis in ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 672008
TI  - [Rhythm of the daily changes in functions in ischemic heart disease].
AB  - The daily changes in the functional state of the cardiovascular system and in the
      indices of bioelectric activity and hemodynamics of the brain, as well as the
      daily variability of lipid metabolism, electrolytes and 17-OCS in urine and
      certain indices of hemostasis were studied in 162 patients with ischemic heart
      disease. It was shown that, as compared to healthy individuals, patients with
      ischemic heart disease had a smaller amplitude of fluctuations in the daily
      rhythm with displacement of the peaks of activity to a later time. The only
      exception was the daily excretion of 17-OCS and aldosterone, the amplitude of
      fluctuations of which was close to that of these indices in healthy individuals
      but was distinguished by a displacement of 4 hrs. It is concluded that the
      biological clocks are sensitive to the changing conditions in which the systems
      of the organism function in ischemic heart disease.

PMID- 672009
TI  - [Effect of insulin on coronary vessel adrenergic and cholinergic reactions].
AB  - The effect of a single insulin injection on the reaction of the coronary vessels
      to adrenaline, noradrenaline, and acetylcholine was studied in experiments on
      dogs. Insulin induces a decrease of arterial pressure and of the resistance of
      the coronary and peripheral vessels reduces the reflex cholinergic and beta
      adrenergic reactions of dilatation of the coronary vessels, and promotes alpha
      adrenergic reactions in intracoronary administration of adrenaline and
      noradrenaline. Insulin also weakens the immediate cholinergic reactions of the
      coronary vessels in stimulation of the effector systems with acetylcholine.

PMID- 672010
TI  - [Effect of the chronic stimulation hypothalamic negative emotiogenic zones on a
      change in blood lipid and heparin content and on arterial pressure].
AB  - Rabbits kept on a routine diet and subjected, under conditions of free behavior,
      to long-term chronic (for a period of 4 months) stimulation of hypothalamic zones
      which give rise to negative emotions had marked stable endogenic hyperlipidemia
      (hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia), a decrease in the blood heparin
      content, shortening of blood coagulation time, and mild (by 11%) but significant
      increase of arterial pressure. The extent of these changes differed with the
      animals. The dynamics of the increase in the blood cholesterol and triglyceride
      levels differed both in the degree of the increase as compared to the initial
      levels (by 44 and 74%, respectively) and in the latent period of attaining
      maximum deviations. There was a definite connection between the changes in the
      levels of triglycerides and heparin in blood. When rabbits were given small doses
      of methylthiouracil and stimulation was continued on that background, the blood
      cholesterol level grew still more (up to 110% of the initial level). The data
      obtained attest to the role of prolonged emotional stress in the genesis of
      stable metabolic and vasomotor disorders which may promote the development of
      preconditions for the origin of such cardiovascular diseases as atherosclerosis,
      hypertensive disease, and coronary thrombosis.

PMID- 672011
TI  - [Effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on the degree of subsequent ischemic myocardial
      lesion and on the size of the zone of ischemia].

PMID- 672012
TI  - [Myocardial contractile capacity in postinfarct cardiosclerosis and heart
      aneurysm].

PMID- 672013
TI  - [Quantitative evaluation of the functional state of the cerebral arteries].

PMID- 672014
TI  - [Effect of physical activity on exo- and endogenous hyperlipemias].

PMID- 672015
TI  - [New approach to the deposition of biologically active compounds in the body: an
      experimental study of the intracoronary administration of modified Sephadex].
AB  - The possibility of depositing in the myocardium drugs immobilized on modified
      Sephadex was studied. The method makes it possible to produce optimum local
      concentration of the drug with a predetermined rate of its detachment and has
      significant advantages over the commonly used methods for introducing drugs.
      Appraisal of a complex of data, including the findings of morphologic examination
      and analysis of the ECG and the curves of changes in the activity of CPK and
      hypoxanthine, has shown that intracoronary administration of 0.02 mg of Sephadex
      microspheres (approximately 20 000 microparticles) 20--40 mc in diameter per 1 g
      of dog myocardium has no harmful microembolic effect.

PMID- 672016
TI  - [Lipid extraction from blood plasma and the subsequent administration of the
      autologous delipidized plasma as a possible agent for treating atherosclerosis
      (an experimental study)].
AB  - A method for the delipidization of blood plasma of rabbits and dogs with diethyl
      ether with its subsequent reinfusion into the animal's body is described.
      Triglycerides and cholesterol were mainly extracted from blood plasma, and only
      1/3 of phospholipids. In dog experiments the plasma delipidization procedures led
      to a decrease of the cholesterol content in the overall fraction of atherogenic
      lipoproteins of low and very low density and an increase of the cholesterol
      content in antiatherogenic lipoproteins of high density. The lipoextraction
      procedures are harmless and may be employed for reducing the blood lipid level.

PMID- 672017
TI  - [Importance of Innerfield's serum test in the diagnosis of prethrombotic and
      thrombotic states in various cardiovascular diseases].
AB  - To appraise the diagnostic significance of Innerfield's serum test, 40 patients
      with ischemic heart disease were examined; 18 of them had angina pectoris, 22
      myocardial infarction, in the acute of subacute stage, 15 hypertensive disease,
      and 27 patients had rheumatic heart disease. It is shown that the blood
      fibrinolytic system was depressed in most patients. A shorter serum test time was
      characteristic of these diseases when their course was complicated by
      thromboembolism. With due consideration for the data on the state of the blood
      coagulation and anticoagulation systems, the serum test may be used for
      identifying the prethrombotic condition in patients with various cardiovascular
      diseases.

PMID- 672018
TI  - [Erythrocyte aggregation and fibrinogen derivatives in ischemic heart disease].
AB  - Aggregation of erythrocytes was determined in 50 patients with angina pectoris
      and myocardial infarction and in 20 subjects of the control group by rheoscopy
      after Schmid-Schoenbein. It is shown that in patients with ischemic heart disease
      aggregation of erythrocytes is considerably increased and the hydrodynamic
      strength of the aggregates is greater. The erythrocyte aggregation curve is some
      patients with ischemic heart disease was of a biexponential character in
      distinction to that in subjects of the control group, which was of the
      monoexponential type. It was found that the increase in the strength of the
      erythrocyte aggregation and in the rate of aggregate formation was due to
      fibrinogen and its complex compounds with decomposition products.

PMID- 672019
TI  - [Thrombocyte functional resistance and histamine and serotonin metabolism in
      ischemic heart disease].
AB  - The functional resistance of blood platelets, the reserve and active forms of
      histamine and serotonin, and the activity of monoamine oxidase and histaminase
      were studied in 5 healthy subjects, in 64 patients with acute, subacute and
      rehabilitation stages of myocardial infarction, and in 33 patients during
      frequent attacks of angina pectoris and after their total subsidence. On the
      grounds of the data obtained, the authors conclude that: (1) the drastically
      disturbed blood platelet resistance, megathrombocytosis, and marked decrease in
      the content of reserve amine forms in ischemic heart disease should be considered
      an additional risk factor; (2) agents which improve blood platelet vital activity
      and/or block the release reaction should be included in the therapeutic program
      for patients suffering from ischemic heart disease with heightened risk factors.

PMID- 672020
TI  - [Problems in the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 672021
TI  - [Diagnostic importance of a study of the rate of change in potential difference
      during the period of ventricular repolarization in ischemic heart disease].
AB  - In patients with the acute stage of myocardial infarction the ratio between the
      maximum rates in the different and afferent parts of the vectocardiographic ST--T
      loop decreases sharply and, accordingly, the ratio between the amplitudes of the
      second phase of the T wave and the first phase on the first ECG diminishes. The
      time needed for attaining the maximum value of acceleration in the initial phase
      of rapid repolarization is simultaneously reduced. With the gradual recovery of
      the patients, these indices tend to return to normal. During the bicycle
      ergometric test in patients with chronic ischemic disease of the heart the
      reduction of these indices is revealed more frequently and at lesser loads than
      the shifts which are characteristic of the ordinary ECG recorded in coronary
      insufficiency.

PMID- 672022
TI  - [Dynamic observation data on the course of ischemic heart disease].
AB  - The clinical course of ischemic heart disease was followed-up for 3 to 5 years
      after coronarography in 91 patients with atherosclerotic affection of the
      coronary arteries who had not been given purposeful treatment. In 30.8 per cent
      in cases the clinical picture of the disease grew worse: angina of effort became
      more frequent angina at rest occurred (19.8%), and myocardial infarction (7.7%)
      and symptoms of circulatory insufficiency (3.3%) developed. A lethal outcome was
      recorded in 16.5% of cases. A connection between the extent of the
      atherosclerotic process (the number of vessels involved) and the advancement of
      the disease was revealed.

PMID- 672023
TI  - [Indices of intracardiac hemodynamics and of myocardial contractile function in
      relationship to the total coronary artery lesion in stenocardia].
AB  - Study of the intracardiac hemodynamics, the work of the ventricles, and the
      findings of a phase analysis of the ventricular systole in various groups of
      patients with angina pectoris showed that the advancement of the atherosclerotic
      process in the coronary arteries is attended with disorders of contractile
      properties and with changes in the electromechanical activity of the cardiac
      muscle. Appraisal of the hemodynamic disorders according to the extent of
      involvement of the coronary arteries showed that maximum affection of the vessels
      is attended with marked abnormalities of hemodynamics. A similar regularity was
      found in analysis of the indices characterizing the contractile function of the
      myocardium.

PMID- 672024
TI  - [Treatment of ischemic heart disease of old age at a cardiologic sanatorium near
      Moscow].
AB  - On the basis of scientific and practical experience at a sanatorium located near
      Moscow, the authors claim that in the management of elderly patients with
      ischemic heart disease due consideration must be given to concomitant diseases
      and complications. The low adaptability of the organism of such patients and the
      increased meteorolability make it difficult to choose the dosage of the
      therapeutic natural and performed physical factors and call for careful control
      over the tolerance to the procedures and the course of the treatment,
      particularly in the rehabilitation departments. A properly chosen complex of
      sanatorium treatment promotes improvement of hemodynamics, hemostasis, and lipid
      metabolism and increase in the adaptability of the organism and in the patients'
      physical activity.

PMID- 672025
TI  - [Genetics of ischemic (coronary) heart disease].
AB  - On the basis of the medical history and clinical examination of members of
      families of 133 practically healthy probands and probands suffering from ischemic
      heart disease and comparison of the frequency of this disease among: (1) husbands
      and wives and relatives of brother-sisters of probands with ischemic heart
      disease; (2) husbands and wives, living together for a long time, one of whom had
      a favourable heredity while the heredity of the other is aggravated by vascular
      and metabolic diseases; (3) step-borthers and step-sisters born of remarriage of
      a healthy person to another healthy person in one case and to a sick person in
      another; (4) persons related in different extent to a sick proband, the authors
      conclude that genetic factors are very important in the development of coronary
      atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease.

PMID- 672026
TI  - [Comparison of electrocardiographic (35 leads) and pathologicoanatomic diagnostic
      data in determining the dimensions of necrotic and peri-infarct zones].
AB  - Comparison of the data of electrocardiographic diagnosis for determining the size
      of the necrotic and periinfarction zones in records from 35 precordial leads with
      the results of pathoanatomical study of the size of the focus of affection in 8
      dead persons who had suffered from acute myocardial infarction showed the
      adequacy of the method for assessment of the state of the necrotic and
      periinfarction zones in patients with acute myocardial infarction by the sum
      elevation of the ST segment in anterior myocardial infarction and by the area of
      segment ST depression in inferoposterior myocardial infarction.

PMID- 672027
TI  - [Aplasis cutis].

PMID- 672028
TI  - [Early infantile malignant lipid storage myopathy].

PMID- 672029
TI  - [Therapy of chronic maxillary sinusitis in children with mucoviscidosis].

PMID- 672030
TI  - [Intersexual organ abnormalities in childhood. III. Sex assignment and principles
      of medical treatment].

PMID- 672031
TI  - [Achievements of the surgical service of the Ukrainian SSR during the years of
      Soviet power].

PMID- 672032
TI  - [Errors in the diagnosis of diaphramatic hernias in children].

PMID- 672033
TI  - [Catamnesis after the surgical treatment of staphylococcal lung destruction in
      children].

PMID- 672034
TI  - [Selection of the method of treatment in staphylococcal lung destruction in
      children].

PMID- 672035
TI  - [Clinical x-ray and functional characteristics of protracted and chronic empyema
      of the pleural cavity in children].

PMID- 672036
TI  - [Treatment of external intestinal fistulae in children].

PMID- 672037
TI  - [Diseases of the ileocecal valve in children].

PMID- 672038
TI  - [Electrogastrography in the diagnosis of high intestinal obstruction in the
      newborn].

PMID- 672039
TI  - [Immediate and late results of treating children with appendicular peritonitis].

PMID- 672040
TI  - [Characteristics of resorption from the abdominal cavity in peritonitis depending
      on the structure of the lymphatic system in the growing body].

PMID- 672041
TI  - [Functional disorders of the upper extremity as a consequence of total birth
      paralysis of the brachial plexus in children].

PMID- 672042
TI  - [Surgical pancreatography in the surgery of chronic pancreatitis].

PMID- 672043
TI  - [Surgical treatment of complex extrasphinteric rectal fistulae].

PMID- 672044
TI  - [Treatment of aspiration pneumonia in newborn infants with esophageal atresia].

PMID- 672045
TI  - [5 years' experience in using hyperbaric oxygenation in pediatric surgery].

PMID- 672046
TI  - [Late results of the surgical treatment of complicated peptic ulcer of the
      stomach and duodenum in children and adolescents].

PMID- 672047
TI  - [Treatment experience with intestinal invagination in infants].

PMID- 672048
TI  - [Treatment of complicated forms of acute appendicitis in children].

PMID- 672049
TI  - [Acute hematogenic osteomyelitis of the spine in children].

PMID- 672051
TI  - [Decade's experience using vagotomy in the treatment of duodenal ulcer].

PMID- 672050
TI  - [Single-stage operations in cancer of the esophagus and in cicatricial
      strictures].

PMID- 672052
TI  - [Transfusion therapy in suppurative surgical infection].

PMID- 672053
TI  - [Surgical treatment of high biliary duct obstruction using transhepatic
      drainage].

PMID- 672054
TI  - [Treatment of pulmonary hemoptysis by embolization of the bronchial arteries].

PMID- 672055
TI  - [Choice of the extent of surgical intervention in breast cancer].

PMID- 672056
TI  - [Results of the surgical treatment of colonic cancer with preliminary betatron
      irradiation].

PMID- 672057
TI  - [Lymph microcirculation disorder in peritonitis].

PMID- 672058
TI  - [Surgical treatment of bilateral nonspecific spontaneous pneumothorax].

PMID- 672059
TI  - [Comparative assessment of closed and open mitral commissurotomy].

PMID- 672060
TI  - [Surgical treatment of constrictive fibrous endocarditis].

PMID- 672061
TI  - [Myxomas of the heart].

PMID- 672062
TI  - [Tumors of the heart and pericardium].

PMID- 672063
TI  - [Mitral commissurotomy].

PMID- 672064
TI  - [Clinical aspects, diagnosis and treatment of bronchial ademomas].

PMID- 672065
TI  - [Carotid-subclavian shunting in the surgical treatment of occlusive diseases of
      branches of the aortic arch].

PMID- 672066
TI  - [Aneurysms of the thoracic portion of the aorta in aortic coarctation].

PMID- 672067
TI  - [Treatment principles in lesions of the major vessels of the extremities].

PMID- 672068
TI  - [Combined treatment of cancer of the thoracic portion of the esophagus utilizing
      betatron radiations].

PMID- 672069
TI  - [Cancer of the esophagus and cardial portion of the stomach].

PMID- 672070
TI  - [Spontaneous biliodigestive fistulae in cholelithiasis (an analysis of 24 cases
      from the clinical diagnostic aspect)].

PMID- 672071
TI  - [Indications for choledochotomy in the surgical treatment of complicated forms of
      gallstone disease and the methods of its realization].

PMID- 672072
TI  - [Current treatment of acute pancreatitis].

PMID- 672073
TI  - [Indications for an operation and resuscitation problems with mitral
      commissurotomy patients after experiencing a cerebral embolism].

PMID- 672074
TI  - [X-sex chromatin characteristics of tumor cell nuclei in benign tumors and
      dyshormonal hyperplasia of the breast in women].

PMID- 672075
TI  - [Recurrent intestinal invaginations in childhood].

PMID- 672076
TI  - [Clinical x-ray characteristics of the early postoperative intra-abdominal
      complications in perforating appendicitis in childhood].

PMID- 672077
TI  - [Surgical aspects of Schonlein-Henoch disease in childhood].

PMID- 672078
TI  - [Disorder of spermatogenesis after an inguinal herniotomy].

PMID- 672079
TI  - [Method of measuring central blood volume with 1 catheter].

PMID- 672080
TI  - [Case of extralobar pulmonary sequestration and left-sided diaphragmatic
      relaxation].

PMID- 672081
TI  - [Denervation and lobectomy in a 10-year-old child with bronchial asthma and
      bronchiectatic disease].

PMID- 672082
TI  - [Case of malignant hyperthermia].

PMID- 672083
TI  - [Congenital adenocarcinoma of the thyroid in a nursing infant; a case report].

PMID- 672084
TI  - [Multiple foreign bodies in the digestive tract].

PMID- 672085
TI  - [Fatal outcome after a snake bite].

PMID- 672086
TI  - [Spontaneous rupture of the intrahepatic duct in mechanical jaundice].

PMID- 672087
TI  - [Case of specific adhesive peritonitis].

PMID- 672088
TI  - [Antiglaucomatous trabeculectomy (author's transl)].
AB  - The case material covers 115 glaucoma patients in whom antiglaucomatous
      trabeculectomy had been performed. Observation times: between a maximum of 3
      years (12 cases) and a minimum period of 6 months (18 cases). CLASSIFICATION:
      Open-angle glaucoma 28 cases (22.8%), narrow-angle glaucoma 22 cases (19.1%), air
      block glaucoma 17 cases (14.75%), other types 16 cases (13.91%). Best results
      were obtained with the open-angle glaucoma; surgery had reduced the pressure to
      normal in 85.21% of the cases. In addition, normal pressure was achieved by drug
      therapy in 8.8% of the cases. Good results were also obtained in glaucomas with
      narrow angle of iris (pressure normalization in 86.3% of the cases), as well as
      in combined surgery when glaucoma and cataract occurred simultaneously. The
      mechanism of action of the surgical procedure consists in the formation of a
      fistulating excretory duct covered up by a scleroconjunctival wall, generally
      forming a flat seepage cushion.

PMID- 672089
TI  - [The effect of timolol eye drops on the intraocular pressure in simple glaucoma
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The intraocular pressure response to timolol ophthalmic solution, a beta
      adrenergic blocking agent, was tested in two groups of open angle glaucoma
      patients using the 0,1% and the 0,5% solution. The 0.5% concentration gave a mean
      IOP reduction of 13 mm Hg in 39 glaucomatous eyes, corresponding to 46% of the
      pretreatment pressure level. The 0,1% concentration resulted in an average
      pressure decrease of 11,5 mm Hg in 22 glaucomatous eyes, corresponding to 40% of
      the pretreatment pressure levels. With both solutions a reduction of the first
      day's response was noted after repeated administration of timolol. In all
      patients tested timolol was tolerated well subjectively and objectively without
      any side effects. Timolol did not affect blood pressure or pulse rate. Tear
      production was not reduced after topical application of timolol. Pupillary
      diameter and facility of outflow were not changed significantly under therapy. It
      is concluded, that timolol acts primarily by reduction of aqueous inflow. The
      advantages of timolol as antiglaucomatous drug not affecting visual functions
      like miotics are discussed.

PMID- 672090
TI  - [Diploptics - brand-new system of concomitant squint treatment (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The present paper exposes the shortcomings of orthoptics and proposes an original
      system of concomitant squint treatment named diploptics. This system is based on
      the new conception of the role of bifixation in the physiology and pathology of
      binocular vision. The major principle of diploptics is to induce diplopia under
      natural conductions and further to "enliven" or develope the ability to overcome
      it with the help of the optomotor fusion reflex and thus to recover the auto
      control mechanism of bifixation - the basis of the normal binocular vision. To
      realize this principle a number of methods are suggested. A trial of these
      produced hopeful results.

PMID- 672091
TI  - [Fluorescein angiographic study on the retinal vessels of young cigarette smokers
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Caliber irregularities of the small retinal vessels may usually be observed as an
      early sign of vascular disturbance in young cigarette smokers. A randomized blind
      study on 28 smokers and 30 non-smokers aged between 17 and 39 years, which were
      entirely healthy according to the results of physical and ophthalmoscopical
      examination, was undertaken with the aid of fluorescence angiography. Only
      smokers with a consumption of at least 15 cigarettes daily and a history of
      smoking of at least 5 years were taken into account for the study. The angiograms
      were read as fluorescein angiographic negatives under a stereomicroscope. To the
      person interpreting the angiograms, name or date of the angiograms were not know.
      Caliber irregularities of the retinal arteries, veins, arterioles and venoles
      were found in 18 of the smokers and 2 of the non-smokers. The incidence of
      vascular irregularity in smokers is highly significant at the 1% level.

PMID- 672092
TI  - [Familiary arhinia combined with peters' anomaly and maxilliar deformities, a new
      malformation syndrome (author's transl)].
AB  - A report is given on two sisters with arhinia, hypertelorism, Peters' anomaly and
      deformities of the maxilla. The lacrimal sacs in both patients were extirpated
      because of recurrent dacryoadenitis due to bilateral aplasia of the nasolacrimal
      ducts. One eye showing Peters' anomaly with microphthalmus was enucleated in the
      elder patient 12 years ago. Differential diagnosis includes frontonasal dysplasia
      and the different types of holoprosencephaly-syndromes. Probably this new
      malformation syndrome is a recessive inherited.

PMID- 672093
TI  - [Fluorescencangiographical and histopathological findings in cases of non
      pigmentes iris cysts (author's transl)].
AB  - The clinical, fluorescencangiographical and histopathological findings in 3 cases
      of non-pigmented iris cysts are described. The first case was a posttraumatic
      cyst after cataractextraction, the second in all probability, also a
      posttraumatic cyst and the third case was a spontaneous intrastromal nonpigmented
      iris cyst. Although the clinical and histopathological findings are not always
      helpful in the differential diagnosis between non-pigmented posttraumatic and non
      pigmented spontaneous iris cysts, we believe, that fluorescencangiography may
      provide valuable additional information. The preoperative differentiation is
      important, because radical excision including the affected cornea or sclera is
      necessary in the posttraumatic cases, whereas only a simple iridectomy is
      required for the spontaneous cysts.

PMID- 672094
TI  - [Videoprocessing pupillographic perimetry in hemianopsia (author's transl)].
AB  - In cases of homonymous hemianopsia, with the aid of pupillographic perimetry it
      is possible to differentiate between infra- or suprageniculate lesions.
      Principally the validity of Wernicke's theory remains unchanged. However in
      processes in the central visual pathways a hemihypokinesia of varying degree may
      be found. In the blind visual fields so far in our cases a congruence between
      pupillographic and perimetric thresholds has not been confirmed. The phenomenon
      of hemihypokinesia of the pupil is discussed.

PMID- 672095
TI  - [Alteration of gilded molybdenum-wire after implantation in the rabbit skin
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Changes in gilded molybdenum-wire after implantation in the rabbit skin were
      investigated by a scanning electron microscope. The described changes are caused
      by electrolytical action of the tissue fluid. Calcium-molybdat was found between
      the gold and the molybdenum layer.

PMID- 672096
TI  - [Cystoid macular oedema over a malignant melanoma of the choroid. Clinic,
      fluorescencangiography and histopathologic findings (author's transl)].
AB  - A case of cystoid macular oedema lying over a malignant melanoma of the choroid
      is reported. A direct correlation between the histopathological findings and the
      fluorescencangiographic picture is shown. The fluorescencangiography was taken 14
      days before enucleation and showed the typical structure of a cystoid
      maculaoedema. The pathogenesis of the accumulation of the fluid within the layers
      of the Henle' fibres and the inner nuclear layer are discussed.

PMID- 672097
TI  - [Tear-sac concretions (author's transl)].
AB  - Report is given on three cases of dacryolithiasis. All cases were demonstrated by
      dacryocystography. Two dacryoliths were obtained at operation, another one by
      spontaneous passage through the nose. Histopathological examination of the
      dacryoliths in two cases revealed the presence of a mycotic infection, most
      likely with Candida albicans. The casts were found to be composed of layers of
      neutral and acid mucoproteids and lipids, accompanied by an infiltration with
      leucocytes.

PMID- 672099
TI  - [Treatment of amblyopia with soft occlusion lenses (author's transl)].
AB  - Inverse and regular occlusion therapy is carried out by means of a block coloured
      soft contact lens in cases, in which previous conventional patching had not been
      successful for external reasons. The technical data of the lens used and the
      indications for its application are given. Preliminary results show the
      usefulness of this method.

PMID- 672098
TI  - [Double optic papilla in eye coloboma (author's transl)].
AB  - The article reports on a 4-year-old girl with multiple congenital malformations.
      Ophthalmological examination revealed microphthalmia, bilateral colobomas of
      iris, leukoma of the right eye, convergent strabismus in the left eye. An oval
      salmon-coloured area was seen at the fundus of the left eye where the retinal
      vessesl proceed into the depth. There was no vascular infundibulum. A papilla
      like cavity was seen at the bottom left of the coloboma (possibly a circulus
      zinnii, also called circulus vasculosus nervi optici, may be present). Both
      papillae are connected with each other by means of a vein. This patient,
      therefore, presented an extremely rare case of malformation with two papillae in
      one coloboma.

PMID- 672100
TI  - [High altitude retinal hemorrhages in mountain climbers (author's transl)].
AB  - A report is given on three patients who noticed an acute deterioration of visual
      acuity after a sojourn at 5000 altitude caused by retinal hemorrhages. We
      documented both the ophthalmological examinations such as visual acuity, fundus,
      perimetry and fluorescence-angiography and the systemic results. During the
      period of about half a year after the incidence of deterioration of visual acuity
      we followed the course of illness. The pathophysiological mechanism, and
      therapeutical and prophylactical possibilities are discussed in consideration of
      the results of other authors.

PMID- 672101
TI  - [Alport's syndrome (author's transl)].
AB  - A case report is given of a 22-years old student (whose brother had Alport's
      syndrome) with recurrent central corneal swelling and paracentral erosions of the
      cornea of both eyes. Further signs of beginning Alport's syndrome in this case
      are disturbance of re-adaptation after dazzling (Mesoptometer) and paracentral
      scotomata in the visual fields. Remarkable was the small diameter of the disc in
      both eyes (1.37 mm). Local therapy was Scopolamin-eye-drops, Actihaemyl- and
      especially Cystein-Gel (2.4%).

PMID- 672102
TI  - [Conjunctivitis caused by fly larvae (author's transl)].
AB  - The author presents a case of ophthalmomyiasis externa which caused
      conjunctivitis. The larvae which were visible in photomicrographs were
      immobilised in paraffin oil.

PMID- 672103
TI  - [Levator strenght measurements. Oculomyodynamometry of the levator palpebrae
      superioris (author's transl)].
AB  - The author describes a method of levator strength measurement with the
      oculomyodynamometer with which he measured a maximum strength of the levator
      muscle in adults of 58 G. The levators were much weaker in congenital ptosis. In
      three such cases the levators had strengths of only 9 G, 5 G and 5 G. In cases of
      acquired ptosis the reduced strength of the levators was on an average about half
      normal. This method allows 1. better diagnosis with levator paresis, 2. a control
      of its behaviour during the clinical course, 3. profiting from the measurement
      results for correcting operations on the levator muscle.

PMID- 672104
TI  - [Use of a air pressure drill system for Toti's operation (dacryocystorhinostomy)
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Report concerning a high-speed drill system powered by compressed air (Air Drill
      100) which considerably facilitates the trepanation of a bone window during
      Toti's operation in conjunction with a combined drill-miller. This instrument
      provides considerable advantages over traditional electrically operated
      instruments.

PMID- 672105
TI  - [Prostaglandins and the organ of vision: VII. Studies on the effects of non
      steroid anti-inflammatory agents on the course of prostaglandin-induced uveitis
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 672106
TI  - [Studies on the autoimmune uveitis in rabbits: IV. Pathomorphological evaluation
      of early inflammatory changes (author's transl)].

PMID- 672107
TI  - [Experimental gluing together of dissected sclera with a solution of lyophilised
      plasma (author's transl)].

PMID- 672109
TI  - [One-thousand echographic investigations: II. Practical value of investigations
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 672108
TI  - [Intraocular lens implantation by the method of Fedorov-Zakharov after removal of
      congenital cataract (author's transl)].

PMID- 672110
TI  - [Pigmentary corneal and scleral changes in Leschke's syndrome (author's transl)].
AB  - A complex of changes including pigmentary changes of tuberous type in the corneal
      limbus and scleral hyperaemia were observed in a patient with Leschke's syndrome.
      The small tumour in the corneal limbus was treated surgically with a good result
      confirmed by 4 years of observation. The histological diagnosis (pigmentary
      naevus) confirmed the benign character of the pathological process. The
      possibility of development of pigmentary corneal and scleral changes coexistent
      with presence of cafe au lait spots on the skin of the trunk and face and
      endocrine disturbances is stressed.

PMID- 672111
TI  - [Pellucid marginal corneal degeneration (author's transl)].

PMID- 672112
TI  - [Sectoral pigmentary retinal degeneration (author's transl)].

PMID- 672113
TI  - [Unilateral pigmentary retinal degeneration (author's transl)].

PMID- 672114
TI  - [A case of Irvine-Gass syndrome (author's transl)].

PMID- 672115
TI  - [Toxic optic neuritis: amblyopia caused by tobacco and alcohol (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 672116
TI  - [Recurrent disseminated chorioretinitis due to acquired histoplasmosis (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 672117
TI  - [Juvenile disciform macular degeneration (author's transl)].

PMID- 672118
TI  - [On senile degeneration of the macula (author's transl)].

PMID- 672119
TI  - [Hereditary choroid degeneration (author's transl)].

PMID- 672120
TI  - [Genetic counselling in certain eye diseases (author's transl)].

PMID- 672121
TI  - [Attempted detection of early lesions in experimental atherosclerosis in
      Vietnamese pigs using planimetry and electroretinography (author's transl)].

PMID- 672122
TI  - [Effects of administration of essential phospholipids in experimental
      atherosclerosis in the aspect of biochemical and electroretinographic
      investigations (author's transl)].

PMID- 672123
TI  - [Correlation of higher levels of free catecholamines in 24-hour urine with simple
      glaucoma (author's transl)].

PMID- 672124
TI  - [Own observations on treatment of pupillary block (author's transl)].

PMID- 672125
TI  - [Removal of non-magnetic foreign bodies from the anterior chamber by a
      microsurgical method (author's transl)].

PMID- 672126
TI  - [Soft contact lens in treatment of infected penetrating corneal wound (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 672127
TI  - [Probing of lacrimal pathways in infants with congenital atresia of the
      nasolacrimal canal (author's transl)].

PMID- 672128
TI  - [Analysis of therapeutic results in patients with retrobulbar abscesses and
      abscesses of eyelids (author's transl)].

PMID- 672129
TI  - [Disturbances in the visual system caused by ethambutol (author's transl)].

PMID- 672130
TI  - [Ophthalmological complications after oral contraceptives (author's transl)].

PMID- 672131
TI  - [Biomicroscope for infrared photography and observation (author's transl)].

PMID- 672132
TI  - [Circulation investigations in a case of exophthalmus pulsans with ultrasounds
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 672133
TI  - [Appearance of macrophages in the aqueous following cryodestruction of a tumour
      of the iris (author's transl)].

PMID- 672134
TI  - [A case of degenerative-inflammatory changes in retina and choroid (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 672135
TI  - [Creatine kinase isoenzymes: idiopathic occurrence of creatine kinase BB
      activities in patient serum (author's transl)].
AB  - By differentiation of creatine kinase isoenzyme activities in sera using
      immunological methods the published data about occurrence of creatine kinase BB
      activities in patients with different diseases or after surgical treatment,
      respectively, cannot be verified in general. With a frequency in the order of
      magnitude of 1 : 1000 in the serum of old patients (age 57 to 85 years with one
      exception), however, creatine kinase BB activities can be measured. The range of
      activities is 15 to 234 U/1, or 19 to 94% of total creatine kinase activities,
      respectively. At the present time there is no possibility to correlate this
      phenomenon to any specific disease. These cases are detected by abnormally high
      results of CK-MB activity measurements with the immunoinhibition test (range 60
      to 202% of total creatine kinase activities) which lead to a repeated analysis
      using immunoprecipitation. The results of all CK-BB patients investigated till
      now are presented and discussed.

PMID- 672136
TI  - [Tetanus antitoxin in serum and cerebral spinal fluid in viral meningitis in
      children (author's transl)].
AB  - Tetanus antitoxins were measured in serum and cerebro spinal fluid from 58
      children--35 boys and 23 girls--with viral meningitis. The concentrations of IgG,
      IgA and IgM were also determined. The appearance of tetanus antitoxins in
      cerebral spinal fluid depends on absolute antitoxin levels in serum as well as on
      the antitoxin/IgG ratio. Antitoxin/IgG ratios in serum and cerebro spinal fluid
      were in the same order of magnitude. Detection of tetanus antitoxins in the
      cerebral spinal fluid of children with viral meningitis shows clearly that
      antibody found in cerebral spinal fluid is not an absolute proof of a certain
      disease. The results further indicate that local production of IgG antibody
      cannot be postulated by detecting certain antibodies in the CSF. It is also
      necessary to prove that antibody/globulin ratios are of significantly different
      magnitude in serum and CFS.

PMID- 672137
TI  - [Oral glucose tolerance test in women in relation to menstrual cycle (author's
      transl)].
AB  - A standardized 50 g glucose tolerance test was given twice to 192 women with
      regular menstrual cycle within an interval of some weeks. The data showed that
      higher blood sugar values and glucosuria occurred significantly more often in the
      second half of the menstrual cycle, which was true also for women using
      monophasic type contraceptives. However, the reproducibility of tests--performed
      twice in the second half of the menstrual cycle--was only 24%, as compared to
      about 60%, when the first test was performed during menstruation or in the first
      half between two bleedings. Therefore, the latter intervalls seem to be the most
      appropriate time to perform a glucose tolerance test on premenopausal women.

PMID- 672138
TI  - [Possible influence of plasma factors on lymphocyte blastigenesis and E rosette
      forming in rheumatoid arthritis (author's transl)].
AB  - The lymphocytes blastigenesis to PHA in culture with autologous or normal plasma,
      the formation of E rosettes and the presence of immunoglob-lins on the
      lymphocytes surface were evaluated in 51 patients with chronic primary
      polyarthritis. While the percentage of T and B cells was almost normal (52.1 +/-
      2.1% and 18.1 +/- 2.1%, N.V. 55.6 +/- 2.0% and 16.2 +/- 0.8%), the blastigenesis
      was significantly reduced in cultures with a 25% autologous plasma (5399 +/- 709
      cpm compared to 13,182 +/- 920 cpm of the normal standard) and returned towards
      normal values when it was replaced by the plasma of a normal subject (12,189 +/-
      1081 cpm). The rheumatoid plasma was capable of reducing the blastigenesis in 11
      normal subjects (7395 +/- 750 cpm). The preincubation for 90' of the lymphocytes
      of 14 controls in rheumatoid or autologous plasma induced a significant reduction
      in the formation of spontaneous rosettes (40.8 +/- 1.4 % and 56.2 +/- 1.7%).
      These results suggest that the reduced function of the T lymphocytes in this
      disease is due to plasma factors.

PMID- 672139
TI  - [Isoenzyme P of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase in sera from patients with liver
      diseases (author's transl)].
AB  - The isoenzyme P of N-Acetyl-beta-Glucosaminidase (beta-NAG) is demonstrated in
      sera from healthy persons and patients with acute and chronic liver diseases by
      electrofocusing in polyacrylamide gel. Elevation of isoenzyme P is observed only
      together with elevation of Glutamate-Pyruvate-Transaminase (GPT) in patients with
      acute and chronic liver diseases of different etiology and activity. The
      correlation between isoenzyme P and GPT is significant. On the contrary whole
      beta-NAG is elevated due the activity of the mesenchymal reaction in the injured
      liver tissue, not related to enzymes of the cytosol like GPT.

PMID- 672140
TI  - [Mechanisms of action of estrogens physiological and pharmacological aspects of
      hormonal "receptivity". The anti-estrogens (author's transl)].
AB  - Receptivity to estrogens may indeed depend on the concentration of the
      corresponding receptor in the target cells. This concentration varies
      physiologically, and would possibly explain, at least in part, certain hormonal
      interactions and receptivity changes during the physiological cycles. The
      modifications of receptor concentrations could perhaps be of significance in
      explaining the effects of "priming" and the negative influence of one steroid on
      another. The simultaneous presence of different receptors for the same hormone or
      the competition of different hormones for the same receptor offer interesting
      pharmacological possibilities. It has already been shown that the characteristics
      of receptors can explain the differences between a natural hormone like estradiol
      and diethylstilbestrol, the hormone with the most common synthesis. A series of
      synthetic derivatives (triphenylethylene) seem to offer the possibility of an
      antagonist effect without pollution by significant estrogenic activity, and the
      potential therapeutic consequences are immense. Regulatory proteins, the steroid
      hormone receptors, provide some of the most advanced models for rational physico
      chemical and physiological approaches to pharmacological and therapeutical
      problems.

PMID- 672141
TI  - Hypercalcitoninaemia in patients with pheochromocytoma.
AB  - As pheochromocytoma sometimes is accompanied by medullary thyroid carcinoma (in
      the sense of multiple endocrine adonomatosis type II = Sipple-Syndrome), serum
      calcitonin (CT) was measured by radioimmunoassay in 4 patients with
      pheochromocytoma. Before extirpation of the adreno-medullary tumor, serum CT was
      distinctly increased to 3 and 30 ng/ml in 2 of 4 patients, respectively. After
      removal of the tumor, serum CT was normal in the patients and pentagastrin
      stimulation produced no exaggerated CT response. In hydrochloric acid extracts
      from the two corresponding pheochromocytoma tissues, immunoreactive-Calcitonin
      (IR-CT) was detected, the concentrations amounting 1 and 4 ng/mg wet tissue.
      These findings suggest that hypercalcitonism in patients with pheochromocytoma
      cannot always be ascribed to the thyroid, i.e. increased calcitonin levels do not
      necessarily indicate a medullary carcinoma of this organ.

PMID- 672142
TI  - Percutaneous transluminal dilatation: a new treatment of renovascular
      hypertension?
AB  - Percutaneous transluminal dilatation of a left sided renal artery stenosis was
      performed in a 61 year old patient with hypertension. Biochemical and hemodynamic
      activity of the renal artery stenosis was demonstrated by measurement of renal
      venous renin-activity and determination of renal plasma flow and of pre- and
      poststenotic blood pressure values. Shortly after the dilatation procedure
      hypertension disappeared and renal plasma flow increased. The described procedure
      might be an alternative method to renal vascular surgery.

PMID- 672143
TI  - 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels in a patient with hypervitaminosis D.
AB  - We measured the concentrations of serum calcium and 25-hydroxy-vitamin D in a
      patient with hypervitaminosis D during 3 months of therapy directed toward
      correcting the hypercalcemia. Serum calcium could not be maintained at normal
      concentration without specific therapy until 9 weeks after vitamin D was
      discontinued. Concentration of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D at the time was 285 ng/ml,
      approximately half of the value measured three weeks after withdrawal of vitamin
      D. Serial measurements of the concentration of 25-hydroxy-vitamin D seem to be a
      useful means of assessing the degree of intoxication in patients with
      hypervitaminosis D.

PMID- 672144
TI  - Methacrylate-embedded bone marrow particle histology.
AB  - Histological sections of methacrylate-embedded bone marrow biopsies allow exact
      evaluation and classification of the cellular marrow components. We describe a
      simple method for preparation of sections of aspirated bone marrow particles
      following embedment in methacrylate. Comparison of histological sections from
      marrow particles and marrow biopsies demonstrated identical quality. Thus,
      preparation of methacrylate-embedded particle histologies will frequently
      abrogate the need for marrow biopsies performed in addition to a marrow
      aspiration. Routine preparation of both cytological and histological preparations
      from aspirated bone marrow allows more exact assessment of the bone marrow than
      cytological evaluation only.

PMID- 672145
TI  - [Radiculitis simulating appendicitis].

PMID- 672146
TI  - [Motor function of the digestive tract in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis].

PMID- 672147
TI  - [Peritoneal lavage, controlled hemodilution and forced diuresis in acute
      peritonitis].

PMID- 672148
TI  - [Nutritional characteristics and hormonal-metabolic disorders in obesity].

PMID- 672149
TI  - [Activity of blood serum enzymes in toadstool poisoning].

PMID- 672150
TI  - [Case of "trench-shape" stomach ulcer].

PMID- 672151
TI  - [Case of neurilemmoma of the stomach].

PMID- 672152
TI  - [Domestic thallium poisoning].

PMID- 672153
TI  - [Mondor's disease].

PMID- 672154
TI  - [Immunological studies of the pathogenesis of chronic alcoholism].

PMID- 672155
TI  - [Local mechanisms of "migration" of peptic ulcer].

PMID- 672156
TI  - [Characteristics of clinical symptomatology of peptic ulcer depending on the
      localization of ulceration].

PMID- 672157
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of malignant ulcers of the cardia].

PMID- 672158
TI  - [Thermolabile and thermostabile transaminase fractions in the blood in acute
      viral hepatitis and mechanical jaundice].

PMID- 672159
TI  - [Indicators of water-electrolyte metabolism and acid-base equilibrium in viral
      hepatitis].

PMID- 672160
TI  - [Effectiveness of treatment of viral hepatitis with prednisolone and lysozyme].

PMID- 672161
TI  - [Change in the activity of the lymphocytes in chronic liver diseases treated with
      prednisolone].

PMID- 672162
TI  - [Disorders of the reproductive function and the blood prolactin level in men with
      chronic liver diseases].

PMID- 672163
TI  - [Clinical value of determination of wofaverdin clearance].

PMID- 672164
TI  - [Liver function in bronchial asthma].

PMID- 672165
TI  - [Disorders of lipid metabolism in biliary tract diseases].

PMID- 672166
TI  - [Pathology of myocarditis].

PMID- 672167
TI  - [Effect of pancreozymin on the absorptive capacity of the hepatocytes and liver
      circulation in chronic recurrent pancreatitis].

PMID- 672168
TI  - [Treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis by hemosorption].

PMID- 672169
TI  - [Clinical aspects and diagnosis of acute amebic liver abscess].

PMID- 672170
TI  - [Acid-base equilibrium and free amino acids of the plasma in hepatic
      echinococcosis].

PMID- 672171
TI  - [Fractional chromatic duodenal intubation in the diagnosis of biliary tract
      diseases].

PMID- 672172
TI  - [Difficulties of the retrograde endoscopic pancreatocholangiography].

PMID- 672173
TI  - [Blood and lymph proteins in pancreatic necrosis].

PMID- 672174
TI  - Ultrastructural study of mesenteric lymph nodes in old rats.
AB  - The large mononuclear cells showed the features of mononuclear phagocytes and
      were mainly characterised by a large number of vacuolar structures. The results
      suggest that there is storage of lipids and mucosubstances, probably in enlarged
      lysosomes.

PMID- 672175
TI  - Performance of the African giant rat (Cricetomys gambianus Waterhouse) on
      commercial rations and varying dietary protein levels.
AB  - The growth performance of 24 weanling giant rats was studied in 2 experiments of
      30 weeks duration with commercial livestock rations and graded levels of protein.
      Daily average liveweight gain was 5.1-7.3 g, food consumption 26.9-36.3 g on 6
      diets. Food intake, growth rate and food efficiency ratio were very similar using
      the different commercial diets. Growth performance improved as the dietary
      protein level was raised from 10 to 13%, but a further increase to 16% did not
      result in greater growth. The commercial pig ration and the experimental diet
      containing 13% dietary protein level were found to give satisfactory growth, and
      are recommended for studies with these animals.

PMID- 672176
TI  - Absorbable tubing for use in microsurgery.

PMID- 672177
TI  - Partial hepatectomy and liver regeneration in Syrian hamsters.
AB  - In Syrian hamsters 74-75% removal of the liver led to 8-10% mortality. Cell
      mitosis increased at 36-42 hours after the operation and reached a peak of 43-51%
      during the 3rd day. Individual variations in liver weight as well as in number of
      mitosis were smaller in 2-3 months old hamsters than in 6-12 months old animals.

PMID- 672178
TI  - Anomalies in the extrahepatic biliary tract of the rabbit.
AB  - A systematic autopsy study found that 29 of 112 animals had anomalies of the bile
      ducts. Another rabbit had a septate gallbladder. Awareness of these variants is
      important during hepatic bile collection, studies involving surgical
      transplantation or manipulation of the extrahepatic ducts, interpretation of
      results in experimental cholelithiasis and extrahepatic obstructive jaundice.

PMID- 672179
TI  - Experimental breeding and cytogenetics of the soft-furred rat, Millardia meltada.
AB  - The soft-furred rat, Millardia meltada, has bred successfully in the laboratory
      for 10 generations of brother x sister mating. It is half way in size between the
      rat and the mouse, and is gentle and easy to handle. Thin body hair and incisor
      teeth are present in the newborn. Some individuals have low blood pressure.
      Chromosome number (2n) in 50. It differs in several characteristics from the rat
      and mouse, and could become a useful experimental animal in biomedical research.

PMID- 672180
TI  - Cannibalistic traits observed in rats treated with a teratogen.
AB  - Rat offspring malformed as a result of maternal exposure to a teratogen were
      cannibalized preferentially to apparently normal offspring. Lack of viability
      also appeared to be a factor in the cannibalistic tendency, since both normal and
      malformed dead pups were consumed more frequently than viable pups of either
      category. Of the 29 cannibalized pups observed, 86% were cannibalized in the 1st
      24 h. The cause of this behavior is not known with certainty but maternal hormone
      imbalance may play an important role.

PMID- 672181
TI  - Alphaxolone-alphadolone anaesthesia in laboratory animals.
AB  - The anaesthetic steroid combination alphaxolone-alphadolone is a well-established
      short-acting injectable agent for cats and primates. It can be recommended for
      intravenous administration to rats, rabbits, neonatal pigs, mice and hamsters. It
      has limited value in mice and hamsters by the intraperitoneal route, but provides
      sedation in ferrets and neonatal pigs when injected intramuscularly. It can be
      given repeatedly or continuously to maintain anaesthesia for long periods without
      the development of tolerance or cumulation.

PMID- 672182
TI  - A bacterial disease of the Darwin's frog (Rhinoderma darwini).
AB  - Ulceration and necrosis of the rostrum in Darwin's frogs was investigated
      microbiologically and histopathologically. The condition was attributed to
      infection with Aeromonas liquefaciens and, possibly, an Acinetobacter sp.

PMID- 672183
TI  - Resistance of faecal cysts of Spironucleus muris to some physical factors and
      chemical substances.
AB  - The effect of 5 disinfectants, and of saturated zinc chloride solution + sodium
      chloride solution, 2.5% potassium dichromate solution, and 0.12% dimetridazole on
      faecal cysts of Spironucleus muris were tested in vitro. The resistance of the
      cysts to high and low temperatures, low pH, high osmotic pressure, centrifugation
      and desiccation was also tested. After treatment the morphology of the cysts was
      observed microscopically and their infectivity tested in vivo on sensitive thymus
      deficient nude mice. The cysts ceased to be infective after treatment with most
      of usual disinfectants and by high temperature (45 degrees C for 30 min). They
      resisted 0.12% dimetridazole, low temperature (-196 degrees C), low pH (2.2),
      high osmotic pressure (distilled water and 30% 'Ficoll'), centrifugation (1500
      g/20 min) and desiccation (room temperature for 14 days). These data may be
      useful for the control of Spironucleus muris infection in rodents and for
      cryopreservation of the parasite for experimental purposes.

PMID- 672185
TI  - The question of leprosy in wild armadillos.

PMID- 672184
TI  - Histochemical study of mesenteric lymph nodes in old rats.
AB  - The main positive reactions in the large mononuclear cell occurring in some nodes
      were shown with PAS, alcian blue, Sudan black B and acid haematin. The results
      suggest that in these cells, considered to be mononuclear phagocytes, there is a
      storage of hexose-containing mucosubstances, acid mucopolysaccharides and choline
      containing phospholipids.

PMID- 672186
TI  - Examination of North American armadillos for mycobacteriosis.

PMID- 672187
TI  - Sequential biochemical investigations in lepromatous leprosy.
AB  - Sequential biochemical investigations were conducted in cases of lepromatous
      leprosy in the reactive as well as subsided phases. Low levels of blood sugar and
      serum cholesterol were indicated in the reactive phase of lepromatous leprosy.
      Significant increase in thymol turbidity and decrease in A/G ratio were noted in
      most of the cases of lepromatous leprosy. Enhancement of serum levels of
      transaminases was observed in the reactive phase of lepromatous leprosy. Serum
      protein electrophoresis indicated increases in alpha2--globulin and r--globulin
      and decrease in albumin in the reactive as well as subsided phases. The results
      are discussed in this paper.

PMID- 672188
TI  - Sponsorship of children of leprosy patients.

PMID- 672189
TI  - Bone-marrow in tuberculoid leprosy.
AB  - Twenty-four untreated patients of proved tuberculoid leprosy and five healthy
      controls were investigated for the involvement of bone-marrow. The cytology was
      essentially normal and no acid-fast bacilli was seen in the bone-marrow smears.

PMID- 672190
TI  - Leprous hepatitis: clinico-pathological study and therapeutic efficacy of Liv 52.

PMID- 672191
TI  - A histopathological study of lymphnodes in 43 cases of leprosy.
AB  - Eighty cases of leprosy including 60 cases of lepromatous type and 20 cases of
      tuberculoid type, during the period of 1974-75, have been examined for evidence
      of lymphnode enlargement. Of the 52 cases of enlarged lymphnodes, lymphnode
      biopsy was done in 43 cases including 38 cases of lepromatous type and 5 cases of
      tuberculoid type. The lymphnodes have been studied for evidence of any
      pathological changes and presence of acid-fast bacilli. In cases of lepromatous
      leprosy, lepromas and acid-fast facilli were seen in 92.2 per cent of the cases
      and patchy fibrosis was noted in 23.6 per cent of the cases. No amyloid could be
      demonstrated. In cases of tuberculoid leprosy, only non-specific reticular
      hyperplasia was noted. No specific granuloma or acid-fast bacilli could be
      demonstrated. The findings have been described in detail and discussed in the
      light of previous published data.

PMID- 672192
TI  - Leprosy in Jodhpur (Rajasthan). Clinical and epidemiological study.
AB  - A clinical and epidemiological study of leprosy revealed 232 cases in Jodhpur
      (Rajasthan); a non-endemic area. Males were three times more affected than
      females. Lepromatous leprosy was the most common type (70.70%). Maximum number of
      cases were observed in the age group 20-49 years. The probable causes for an
      increase in incidence are discussed.

PMID- 672193
TI  - Greater Visakha leprosy treatment and health education scheme, Visakhapatnam.

PMID- 672194
TI  - India's role in the fight against leprosy.

PMID- 672195
TI  - Clinical management of the feline urological syndrome.

PMID- 672196
TI  - Cutaneous granulomas associated with Mycobacterium fortuitum infection in a cat.

PMID- 672197
TI  - Elbow lameness in the young dog caused by a sesamoidal fragment.

PMID- 672199
TI  - The surgical significance of the blood supply of the canine stifle joint.

PMID- 672198
TI  - Radiographic appearance and clinical progress after excision arthroplasty of the
      canine hip.

PMID- 672200
TI  - Distemper and measles vaccines--a comparative trial.

PMID- 672201
TI  - Experience and empathy: affective reactions to witnessing childbirth.

PMID- 672202
TI  - Beliefs regarding the consequences of birth control among black, colored, indian,
      and white South Africans.

PMID- 672204
TI  - Socialization anxiety and patterns of economic subsistence.

PMID- 672203
TI  - Integration theory applied to judgments of personal happiness by children.

PMID- 672205
TI  - Physical attractiveness and judgments of psychopathology.

PMID- 672206
TI  - Secondary amenorrhea associated with the use of oral contraceptive steroids.

PMID- 672207
TI  - A visit to the People's Republic of China.

PMID- 672208
TI  - The economics of National Health Insurance.

PMID- 672209
TI  - Medical grand rounds. Pulmonary sporotrichosis.

PMID- 672210
TI  - The "battered specimen syndrome".

PMID- 672211
TI  - Measurement of residual urine volume without catheterization.

PMID- 672212
TI  - New state law to aid immunization efforts.

PMID- 672213
TI  - The doctors and alcoholics anonymous.

PMID- 672214
TI  - Effects of social anxiety and social evaluation on beer consumption and social
      interaction.
AB  - In an experimental "party" situation socially anxious subjects and subjects who
      received negative social evaluations drank less beer and had lower blood alcohol
      concentrations than did subjects who were not socially anxious or who received
      positive evaluations.

PMID- 672215
TI  - Effects of alcohol on psychomotor performance of men and women.
AB  - The effects of alcohol on performance were investigated in 10 men and 10 women.
      On 4 psychomotor tasks minor gender-related effects of alcohol were found.

PMID- 672216
TI  - The Drinking-Related Locus of Control Scale. Reliability, factor structure and
      validity.
AB  - A scale measuring locus of control in relation to drinking behavior found
      significant differences between alcoholics and nonalcoholics, while a scale
      measuring locus of control in gerneral did not.

PMID- 672217
TI  - A comparison of three alcoholism treatment populations. Implications for
      treatment.

PMID- 672218
TI  - Relative effectiveness of nonalcoholics and recovered alcoholics as counselors.

PMID- 672219
TI  - The age variable in alcoholism.
AB  - The younger the alcoholic at the onset of excessive drinking, the greater his
      emotional problems, the more severe his parents' drinking habits and the more
      negative the quality of his parents' marriage.

PMID- 672220
TI  - Ethanol consumption in genetically selected hypertensive and hypotensive mice.
AB  - Hypertensive mice drank more alcohol than did hypotensive animals over a wide
      range of concentrations. The intake was not related to blood pressure phenotype
      in a causal manner, nor was age a factor in the results.

PMID- 672221
TI  - Effect of prolonged ethanol intake on glucose metabolism in normal rats.
AB  - Ingestion of an ethanol liquid diet providing 20 or 36% of daily caloric
      requirements for 30 days resulted in impaired responses to a glucose tolerance
      test and as insulin sensitivity test.

PMID- 672222
TI  - Urinary metabolites of tryptophan, serotonin and norepinephrine in alcoholics.
AB  - Levels of tryptamine, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy phenylethylene glycol, 3-methoxy-4
      hydroxy mandelic acid and the tryptamine: 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid ratio
      differed between alcoholics, healthy volunteers and patients with nonalcoholic
      liver disease. There was no correlation between amine metabolite levels and
      results of liver function tests.

PMID- 672223
TI  - Alcohol problems and sales in the counties of Pennsylvania. A social area
      investigation.

PMID- 672224
TI  - Sex role variations and women's drinking. Results from a household survey in
      Pennsylvania.

PMID- 672225
TI  - Reliability and validity of estimators of alcoholism prevalence.
AB  - According to multivariate analyses of responses to four estimators of alcoholism
      prevalence, a questionnaire about "escape" drinking is the most reliable and the
      most valid.

PMID- 672226
TI  - Distribution of alcohol consumption and problem drinking. Comparison of sales
      records and survey data.
AB  - Survey data on alcohol consumption in Iowa reveal seasonal fluctuations which,
      when due to increases in the quantity consumed per drinking occasion, are
      accompanied by increases in alcohol-related social problems.

PMID- 672227
TI  - Anomie and alcohol use. Drinking patterns in Mexican American and Anglo
      neighborhoods.
AB  - Anomie failed to explain variations in drinking habits of Mexican Americans. It
      was concluded that deviant behavior must be culturally defined to have meaning as
      an effective predictor of alcohol use.

PMID- 672228
TI  - Personality changes in drinkers.
AB  - A questionnaire survey of members of Mensa, all of whom have high IQs, found that
      perceptions of personality traits differed between social drinkers and
      alcoholics.

PMID- 672229
TI  - Anomie, social class and drinking behavior of high-school students.

PMID- 672230
TI  - Alcoholics in the mental hospital; socialization and length of stay in treatment.

PMID- 672231
TI  - Overcoming denial: changing the self-concepts of drunken drivers.

PMID- 672232
TI  - Mood differences of men arrested once and men arrested twice for driving while
      intoxicated.
AB  - Men arrested for the first time for driving while intoxicated were more tense,
      depressed, angry and fatigued during the month preceding their arrest than were
      men arrested for the second time for the same offense.

PMID- 672233
TI  - The metabolism of alcohol: on the validity of the Widmark equations, in obesity
      and in racial and ethnic groups.

PMID- 672234
TI  - Sexual selection, adaptation, and ornamental traits: the advantage of seeming
      fitter.

PMID- 672235
TI  - A model of gradient interpretation based on morphogen binding.

PMID- 672236
TI  - Mutations and stable strategies.

PMID- 672237
TI  - On the computation of the tertiary structure of globular proteins.

PMID- 672238
TI  - Adaptation in micro-organisms II: transient behaviour following shift-up and
      shift-down.

PMID- 672239
TI  - Effect of surface charge density on the kinetics of transmembrane lipid migration
      in asymmetric bilayers.

PMID- 672240
TI  - On the analysis of futile cycles in metabolism.

PMID- 672241
TI  - Description of cellular patterns by Dirichlet domains: the two-dimensional case.

PMID- 672242
TI  - The electrical resistance of epithelia in the presence of osmotic and hydrostatic
      pressure gradients.

PMID- 672243
TI  - Instability and oscillatory behavior of membrane-chemical reaction systems.

PMID- 672244
TI  - The honey bee "language" controversy.

PMID- 672245
TI  - Analytical solution of the Poisson-Boltzmann equation for membrane potential.

PMID- 672246
TI  - Optimal death strategy of animal populations.

PMID- 672247
TI  - A biophysical model for buzz pollination in angiosperms.

PMID- 672248
TI  - Mass, length and growth rate in single cells.

PMID- 672249
TI  - Fisher's theory of the sex ratio applied to the social hymenoptera.

PMID- 672250
TI  - Is the "difference index" useful for assessment of protein relatedness?

PMID- 672252
TI  - On the relationship between metabolism and body mass.

PMID- 672251
TI  - An ab initio reinvestigation of PC and PH coupling constants in phosphates.

PMID- 672253
TI  - Long-term course of mineral oil pneumonia.

PMID- 672254
TI  - Calibration of flow-volume curves.

PMID- 672255
TI  - Recovery from hyperoxic depression of pulmonary 5-hydroxytryptamine clearance:
      effect of inspired O2 tension.

PMID- 672256
TI  - Pulmonary artery obstruction with fibrosing mediastinitis.

PMID- 672257
TI  - Observations on the deep lymphatic circulation of the limbs and on its function:
      (the deep lymphatic vessels in the post-phlebitic syndrome of the lower
      extremities).
AB  - In 60% of patients with post-phlebitic syndrome lymphography of the lower
      extremity shows involvement of the deep system. In 77% of the patients there was
      increase in the number and caliber of the deep lymphatic vessels. They frequently
      appear elongated, tortuous, and ectatic but usually do not show signs of
      insufficiency. It appears as if these vessels act as collaterals and compensate
      for difficiencies of the deep venous circulation. Multiple lympholymphatic and
      lymphovenous communications have been observed.

PMID- 672258
TI  - Effect of acute ethanol administration on the thoracic duct lymph flow in man.
AB  - In 17 patients the thoracic duct was cannulated and the lymph continuously
      collected. Thoracic duct lymph flow and the concentration of total protein in the
      lymph and blood serum were repeatedly measured for 6 hours. Group I (9 subjects)
      received 0.7 g/kg of oral ethanol in the form of 40% solution, group II (8
      subjects) an intravenous infusion of 0.75 g/kg of ethanol. Oral but not
      intravenous administration of ethanol significantly increased the thoracic duct
      lymph flow. Lymph total protein significantly decreased in group I only.

PMID- 672259
TI  - Regeneration of the deep cervical lymphatics--light and electron microscopic
      observations.
AB  - Regeneration of the lymphatic vessels following ligation of the deep cervical
      lymphatics was studied in 35 rabbits using both light and electron microscopes.
      The newly formed lymphatics were evident under the electron microscope in the
      first post-operative week, in which the restoration of the affected endothelial
      cells of the lymphatics and reaction of the free cells such as fibroblasts and
      macrophages were observed.

PMID- 672260
TI  - The effect of steroids on the circulating lymphocyte population. III. The size
      distribution of thoracic duct lymphocytes of the rat and guinea pig after
      neonatal thymectomy and prednisolone treatment.

PMID- 672261
TI  - Passage through the lymph node. Studies with watered and oiled contrast medium
      given into an afferent lymphatic.
AB  - The authors investigated the passage of watered and oiled contrast media through
      the lymph node. Patent Blue dye diluted in saline has delineated as a rule only a
      circumscript area of the lymph node according to the supplying area of the
      afferent cannulated. Lipiodol Ultrafluid has been found suitable for filling up
      the whole node: at first only a small part of the node became filled primarily
      from the afferent, while other parts were filled secondarily from the hilus. The
      compartmentalisation of the lymph node has been proved by autoradiography (3H
      thymidine), too.

PMID- 672262
TI  - Antioxidants prolong life span and inhibit the senescence-dependent accumulation
      of fluorescent pigment (lipofuscin) in clones, of Podospora anserina.
AB  - Culture of clones of Podospora anserina s+ with either nordihydroguaiaretic acid
      or reduced glutathione (GSH) at concentrations that were not inhibitory to growth
      significantly prolonged the average time to onset of senscence. GSH also
      prolonged the average time to onset of clonal death. The specific concentration
      of chloroform-methanol soluble fluorescent pigment was larger in senescent than
      in pre-senescent cells. The pigment exhibited fluorescence excitation and
      emission spectra and fluorescence polarization numbers characteristic of
      lipofuscin, an end-product of lipid peroxidation. Analyses of the lipofuscin
      concentration in either sub-clonal fractions of different times of origin from
      senescent clones, or in sub-clonal fractions of identical age  in time of origin
      from parent clones of different age, revealed a similar concentrations
      distribution. Although pre-senscent cells contained rather large concentrations,
      a massive increase occurred during senescence prior to the time of onset of
      clonal death. Culture with GSH not only prolonged clonal life span but aslo
      inhibited the formation of lipofuscin by an average factor of 30. Furthermore,
      unlike untreated clones, the sub-clonal distribution of the pigment was not only
      low but was also independent of their age.

PMID- 672263
TI  - Nuclear area changes in senescing human diploid fibroblasts.
AB  - The pattern of mean nuclear area changes was determined in human fibroblast cell
      strains from male donors of three different ages (8,40 and 84 years) during their
      in vitro lifespan. There was a statistically significant increase in mean nuclear
      area of cells of all three strains during their aging in vitro. A gradual
      increase of the subpopulation of cells with larger nuclei was also observed.
      Evidence for a positive correlation between aging in vitro, as reflected by mean
      nuclear areas at the tenth doubling from the end of in vitro doubling activity,
      and donor age is presented.

PMID- 672264
TI  - Control of placental 3 beta-hydroxy-delta 5-steroid dehydrogenase: partial
      characterization of an endogenous inhibitor and an endogenous activator.
AB  - Two substances which affect the activity and kinetic characteristics of 3 beta
      hydroxy-delta 5-steroid dehydrogenase (delta 5-3 beta-HSD) have been recovered
      from homogenates of term human placenta by extraction with organic solvents after
      ethanol precipitation of protein. One of these substances, an inhibitor of the
      enzyme, is a non-polar unstable substance, which dialyzes through a cellulose
      nitrate membrane and which appears to be present in the tissue both in the free
      state and bound to either the enzyme or the microsomal membrane. It was not
      possible to produce a delta 5-3 beta-HSD preparation free of the inhibitor. The
      other substance is an activator, polar and stable with a molecular weight of less
      then 500, which increases both the apparent Km and the apparent V max of delta 5
      3 beta-HSD. It is postulated that both substances play a part in control of
      placental progesterone synthesis.

PMID- 672265
TI  - Control of placental 3 beta-hydroxy-delta 5-steroid dehydrogenase: an apparent
      endogenous regulator of porgesterone synthesis.
AB  - Dilution of tissue fractions from human placenta resulted in an increase in the
      specific activites of 3 beta-hydroxy-delta 5-steroid dehydrongease and of 20
      alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. The apparent Ks and V max of 3 beta-hydroxy
      delta 5-steroid dehydrogenase were altered. It is postulated that this dilution
      effect is caused by the presence in the placenta of an endogenous inhibitor of
      steroid synthesis which may be important in the regulation of steroid output by
      this organ. A mathematical model of such an inhibitor corresponds well to the
      experimental results.

PMID- 672266
TI  - Access to medical care in the U.S.: realized and potential.
AB  - This paper seeks to provide a framework for understanding differential access to
      medical care in the U.S. population and to suggest ways to achieve equity of
      access. The framework is provided by a behavioral model of health services
      utilization which suggests a sequence of predisposing, enabling and illness
      variables that determine the number of times people will visit a physician. The
      model is operationalized using a path analytic technique. The data come from a
      national survey of the noninstitutionalized U.S. population conducted in late
      1975 and early 1976. The results suggest services are generally equitably
      distributed since age and level of illness are the main determinants of the
      number of services people receive. However, remaining inequities might be reduced
      by providing people who report no regular source of medical care with a familiar
      entry into the health service system.

PMID- 672267
TI  - A model for health care delivery with an illustration of its application.
AB  - A framework for conceptualizing the process of health care delivery is presented.
      The framework identifies broad categories of activities by which the functions of
      a health care provider can be organized, and has practical application to studies
      of the roles of a variety of health care personnel. By permitting clear
      identification of each component of a health professional's role, the model
      provides a method for quantitatively determining what an individual or group of
      individuals does. The utility of the model in operationalizing investigations of
      health care roles is illustrated by its application to a study of nurse
      practitioners. In this study, the conceptual model was used to structure a
      questionnaire for obtaining information about professional nursing roles. By
      providing a theoretical framework for the relationships between specific role
      components and certain outcome variables the model was also used in the
      generation of hypotheses and the design of statistical analyses. Results of some
      of these analyses are summarized.

PMID- 672268
TI  - Evaluating new methods for provision of primary care: an Ontario strategy.
AB  - For several years, the government of Ontario has undertaken to foster and develop
      experimental systems for the delivery of primary health care in the province. At
      the same time, the government wished to devise a strategy whereby the new health
      care programs could be rigorously evaluated. A Task Force on Evaluation of
      Primary Health Care Services produced a plan which yields quantitative
      information about the function of primary health care units. Three essential
      indexes of performances, comprising categories of Utilization and Financial
      Performance (UF-Index), Availability, Accessibility and Scope of Services (A
      Index) and Quality of Care (Q-Index), were designed. Two additional quantitative
      indexes, Consumer Satisfaction and Health Professional Satisfaction, were
      proposed. The derivation and determination of the three essential indexes are
      provided in the paper in detail, along with acceptable criteria for performance
      and methods for comparing the performances of different types of practices in
      different kinds of population.

PMID- 672269
TI  - Selection of regression models for health care data.
AB  - We discuss several linear and nonlinear regression models and their
      appropriateness in modeling a set of data from a cohort study of the use of
      medical services in a prepaid medical plan. Although computational considerations
      once forced researchers to use linear models almost exclusively, modern computer
      hardware and efficient algorithms have made it possible to use nonlinear models
      almost as easily as linear ones. Thus, in choosing a regression model, a
      researcher should give strong consideration to  how well the model reflects
      (presumed) intrinsic properties of the phenomena under study, even if the
      consideration leads to the choice of a nonlinear model. Modern computer programs
      for nonlinear minimization should be employed to fit the model. The model should
      be judged on how well it describes the data and how reasonably it predicts the
      future.

PMID- 672270
TI  - Dental care in the People's Republic of China.
AB  - In comparison to the living conditions that existed before 1949, the People's
      Republic of China (PRC) represents a remarkable story of achievement. Western
      knowledge about the PRC has recently increased by leaps and bounds as detente
      with the United States has allowed many Americans to witness the "awakening of
      the dragon." Many of the achievements have been in the development of a health
      care delivery system that uniquely addresses the needs of the most populous
      country. There are numerous reports on the advancements made in manpower
      development and deployment, infectious disease control, family planning and
      acupuncture anesthesia and therapy. Yet there is little information about dental
      care in China. Dental disease being an essentially preventable disease has an
      interesting status in the Chinese health care system which relies on prevention
      rather than cure. In September and October 1974, the author visited five cities
      in China, Kwangchou (Canton), Peking, Tientsin, Suchou, and Shanghai and the
      respective countrysides except for Tientsin. Though any account or description is
      certain to be but a glimpse of Hsin Hua (the New China), the story is worth being
      told even if it must be accomplished by small chapters contributed by many
      individuals. In this light, the author explores the following areas: dental
      manpower training, which in China has produced stomatologists, dental technicians
      and dental nurses; the oral health status of school age children, dental care
      delivery and facilities, and probably the most remarkable while at the same time
      provocative areas, acupuncture analgesia and therapy.

PMID- 672271
TI  - A study of the health status of the black population in Alameda County,
      California.
AB  - The purpose of this paper is to compare the overall health status of blacks with
      whites in Alameda County, California, using an index based on the mortality and
      disability experiences of the two population groups. It is demonstrated that this
      index, which requires disease-specific mortality and disability data, can be
      easily adapted to make use of existing data files containing data on mortality
      and any indicator of morbidity or disability. It was found that in the year 1974,
      the blacks lost approximately 10,000 productive years unnecessarily through
      higher mortality and disability rates than those of the white population. This
      disparity between the two populations may be underestimated because
      Chicano/Mexican Americans, who are known to enjoy a lower health status than
      whites, were included as part of the white population. The implications of the
      findings are discussed.

PMID- 672272
TI  - The very old patient in ambulatory care.
AB  - The aims were twofold: to determine differences between the very old and younger
      patients in ambulatory care and to examine their self-assessments of health and
      whether these related to: subjective data such as symptoms and attitudes,
      objective data such as utilization of health services, and physician assessments
      of the patient's health. Although they had about one more diagnosis, the very old
      were similar in most respects to younger patients. Variables that discriminated
      the groups were physician ratings. About two-thirds of the older and younger
      patients regarded their health as good. Good health perceptions were associated
      with fewer symptoms, outpatient visits, and hospitalizations in both groups.
      Physician assessments were only lowly correlated with patient assessments of
      health. Patient perceptions of health were highly stable over a two month follow
      up. The subjective belief that one is healthy or ill may be more important than
      actual medical condition in maintaining good emotional and behavioral
      functioning.

PMID- 672273
TI  - Foreign-trained physicians in American medicine: a case study.
AB  - The understanding of reliance upon foreign medical graduates (FMGs) in the United
      States is vague and general. Little is known about the specific roles of FMGs or
      the populations they serve in relation to United States medical graduates
      (USMGs). The recent passage of the Health Professions Educational Assistance Act
      calls for significant reductions in the future influx of FMGs. Hence, there is an
      immediate need for detailed information upon which to base predictions of
      legislative outcomes. The American Medical Association's 1974 physician data tape
      for Maryland was used as the study population. These data were analyzed, using th
      Gini Index of Concentration and other test stastistics, for FMG/USMG
      distributional differences for 1) office-based practice and hospital-based
      practice,  2) catchment areas aggregated by income, 3) primary, secondary, and
      tertiary case specialty groupings, 4) level of development of country of medical
      education, and 5) all of the above in relation to population. Office-based and
      hospital-based catchment areas were developed  in order to create a valid
      consumer-provider relationship between the numerator and denominator of
      physician/population ratios. The major finding is that regardless of practice
      setting, FMGs are more evenly distributed relative to population than USMGs. This
      conclusion is in contrast with the notion that FMGs tend to locate where USMGs
      locate. A useful methodology has been presented for 1) development of catchment
      areas, and 2) examination of distributional differences in relation to population
      which can easily be duplicated.

PMID- 672274
TI  - An effect of organization of medical care upon health: manpower distribution.
AB  - Data are presented from the Medical Care Group of Washington University and from
      several other organized medical care settings responsible for prepaid enrollees.
      As few as 8 per cent of visit may be made to specialists under systems which are
      organized to emphazide primary care. Further, the proportions of primary care and
      specialty visits vary inversely weith the "strictness" of this organization.
      Those groups which employ family physicians have a higher proportion of primary
      care physicians than do those which employ general intermists and pediatricans,
      or than exist in the medical care system at large. The data suggest strongly that
      the organization of medical care, as well as the training of personnel employed
      has a major influence upon the types of health manpower needed. Future research
      in this area is urgent, but even the currently available data have important
      implications for health manpower policy.

PMID- 672275
TI  - Factor affecting the choice between two prepaid plans.
AB  - This study examines the factors affecting the choice between two comprehensive
      prepaid plans of medical care available to the staff of Stanford University. One
      is a Kaiser plan, offered since 1969. Under the other (Clinic plan for short),
      medical services are provided by a predominantly fee-for-service group practice
      and hospital services are covered by a standard Blue Cross hospital policy; the
      Clinic plan has been available since the 1950s. The Kaiser plan has only a token
      copayment for office and home visit while the Clinic plan has a 25 per cent
      coinsurance provision applying to all physician and outpatient ancillary
      services. It was found that the two major factors affecting choice were income
      and distance to the provider. The preference for the Kaiser plan increased as
      income decreased. Similarly, as distance from the Clinic increased and distance
      from a Kaiser facility decreased, the preference for the Kaiser plan increased.
      However, proximity to the provider was a more important factor for the higher
      income Clinic plan subscribers. The data also show that the longer availability
      of the Clinic plan had a long-term effect on enrollment. A substantial proportion
      of long time Stanford employees who might have been expected to prefer the Kaiser
      plan stayed with the Clinic plan.

PMID- 672276
TI  - Enrollment choices in different types of HMOs: a multivariate analysis.
AB  - Enrollment decisions of a sample of an employed population choosing among open
      panel and closed-panel HMOs and Blue Cross/Blue Shield are analyzed. This report,
      unlike previous ones, overcomes some of the difficulties of bivariate analysis by
      the use of the multivariate logistic probability model, logit. The results show
      that there are four consistent predictors of enrollment choice: previous source
      of care as the measure of access; family life stage and chronic conditions per
      family member as indicators of health risk; per capita income as the measure of
      economic vulnerability; and health concern. Having a private physician as the
      source of care is the best single predictor, its absence predicting a higher
      probability of enrollment in the closed, and its presence in the open-panel HMO.
      Higher risk life stage families, younger and with more children, are more likely
      to join the open-panel plan than the closed or retain BC/BS; higher incomes and
      larger numbers of chronic conditions appear to have the same effects. Higher
      levels of health concern, on the other hand, predict a greater probability of
      choosing the closed-panel plan. The probability of enrollment in any HMO is
      predicted with more than 50 per cent accuracy for 60 per cent of the sample.
      Choice between open and closed-panel plans is predicted with an accuracy in
      excess of 50 per cent for 80 per cent, and with an accuracy greater than 90 per
      cent for over 10 per cent of potential enrollees. The applicability of this
      approach to HMO feasibility analysis and planning is clearly indicated.

PMID- 672278
TI  - [Secondary melanomas of the liver. Appropos of 3 cases with hepatic
      symptomatology].

PMID- 672277
TI  - [Bipolar malignant villous tumors (rectum and cecum). Study of villous secretions
      collected directly via cecostomy].

PMID- 672279
TI  - [Dissolution of chloresterol biliary calculi with chenodeoxycholic acid].

PMID- 672280
TI  - [The rebels: study of peptic ulcer, its persistence and the reappearance of a
      duodenal ulcer].

PMID- 672281
TI  - [Chenodeoxycholic acid].

PMID- 672282
TI  - [Results of medical treatment of biliary calculi with chenodeoxycholic acid].

PMID- 672283
TI  - [Chenotherapy: questions - answers].

PMID- 672284
TI  - [Calculi recurrence after stopping chenic acid treatment].

PMID- 672285
TI  - [Logical approach in the radiological screening of biliary calculi in 1978].

PMID- 672286
TI  - [The liver and migraine].

PMID- 672287
TI  - [Chenodeoxycholic acid and Vichy's thermal cure].

PMID- 672288
TI  - [Therapeutic indications in biliary calculi].

PMID- 672289
TI  - The role of the systems analyst.

PMID- 672290
TI  - Physician utilization of medical records: preliminary determinations.
AB  - A study is reported of the ways in which 26 physicians, mostly internists, use
      the medical record. It was found that the items of greatest importance to the
      physicians, from the viewpoints of frequency of usage and of occasional
      interruption of the physician-patient transaction by being absent, were lab-test
      results, X-ray data, patient history, and previous treatments. The most common
      general problems cited uith the medical record were incompleteness (named by 38
      per cent of the physicians), illegibility (27 per cent), and poor organization of
      the record (19 per cent).

PMID- 672291
TI  - Graduate education in computer systems in medicine--a conceptual model. Canadian
      Organization for Advancement of Computers in Health.
AB  - A conceptual model of the graduate educational programme in medical informatics
      is discussed. Problems involved in different types of informatics training can be
      avoided by stressing the integrative aspects of a systems approach. This
      programme is designed to lessen the gulf between a higher level of hardware
      capability and the ability to use it. The increasing educational demands in
      medical information systems have put more pressure on educational establishments
      to respond more expertly.

PMID- 672292
TI  - Analysis of the occurrence of anencephalic stillbirths in the Fylde Peninsula,
      1956--1967.
AB  - Computer-based statistical signal methods have been applied to the analysis of
      case-occurrence time and location data from a 12-year complete series of
      anencephalic stillbirths in the Fylde peninsula of Lancashire. In the absence of
      any certainty about causative or contributory factors in these occurrences, the
      primary questions are if the underlying process is Poisson, or if there is
      evidence of a seasonal influence, and if any regional differences or communicable
      factors can be identified. With the limited case numbers (124) most small-sample
      statistical tests were not sufficiently informative. But using pattern and print
      process analysis methods and simulation techniques, further elucidation is
      possible; for example, it is shown that a seasonally rate-modulated Poisson
      process is a reasonable model for case occurrences in the southern region, but
      not in the north, for which a different process must apply and where some
      evidence exists of clustering of preferred inter-event intervals. It is concluded
      in particular, that there is a regional dependence, with seasonal factors, of the
      process underlying case occurrences, and in general, that signal analysis methods
      are useful in the interpretation of small-sample spatio-tempered epidemiological
      data.

PMID- 672293
TI  - Statistical analysis of clinical breast cancer by computer.
AB  - At the moment we still lack a clear correlation of clinical staging and pathology
      with therapy and prognosis in breast cancer patients. More studies need to be
      conducted dealing with the relationships of breast cancer to previous diseases,
      hormonal balance, conservative therapy and type of surgical therapy. These
      evaluations may be very important in supporting a less serious prognosis, a
      clearer clinical staging and a more certain choice of the right therapy. With
      computer help we have evaluated data from 500 patients with breast cancer. We
      have considered: age; previous breast diseases with particular regard to therapy;
      hormonal balance; obstetrical relevant past history; morphological and functional
      aspects of the breast; the histology of the tumour and metastases; and the
      results of therapy.

PMID- 672294
TI  - Creation and validation of medical data.
AB  - The problems of creating and validating medical data are discussed. These
      difficulties relate to the structuring of data and its definiton. The necessity
      for clarity of thought, coherence and logic in data collection is stressed.
      Difficulty in medical and lay staff training shows that this is a continuing
      problem. Data validation must be the major province of senior as well as junior
      doctors. It is an absoulte essential continuing process and without valid data
      most analyses are not worthwhile because of high error rates and/or too much
      missing data.

PMID- 672295
TI  - The optimal design of MUMPS global file.
AB  - This paper presents the basic consideration of global file design on MUMPS
      language. The major goal of global design is to reduce the number of disc
      accesses made over the long-term use of a file. To attain this goal, the
      procedure for finding the global file which minimizes the average number of disc
      blocks accessed to obtain a data node is proposed. Furthermore, the total number
      of blocks in use with file design are demonstrated by simple examples.

PMID- 672296
TI  - Data security--a challenge to medical informatics.

PMID- 672297
TI  - Objective specification of the incremental weight variable in weanling diarrhoeal
      disease of infants.
AB  - The objective specification of the second variable (body weight) measured in an
      epidemiological field study of weanling diarrhoeal disease of infants has been
      approached by computer-based pattern analysis, complementing previous studies of
      the diarrhoeal signal of daily defaecation count (DS). The weight data are
      available for 64 weeks in a subset of 50 out of 139 infants in the study. A
      weekly incremental weight signal (IWE) was estimated by successively differencing
      each new observed weight with a smoothed version of the previous value. Variable
      latency of the different features of this variable precludes the formation of an
      average-profile by coherent averaging the ensemble of records; a feature-analysis
      method based on statistical trend analysis was therefore developed. Features of
      the resulting IWE average profile can be linked to weanling events, transient
      diarrhoeal episodes, and typical post-neonatal shifts in level of the diarrhoeal
      signal. The results are consistent with the view that both nutritional and
      infectious factors operate in most deviations from typical behaviour seen in
      individual IWE records. In all the infants having an abnormally low (64 week)
      weight gain, a sustained abnormal DS elevation can be recognized in the 7-15 week
      period, with recurrent diarrhoeal episodes (type P2, as previously classified)
      during the 45-60 week period; both abnormalities were associated with substantial
      effects on weight gain. But individual P2-diarrhoeal episodes occurring before
      about 40 weeks of age could be linked only to small, quickly-compensated effects
      on incremental weight.

PMID- 672298
TI  - [Drunkenness among youth].

PMID- 672299
TI  - [What is the advantage of ECG and heart consultation in surgical cases?].

PMID- 672300
TI  - [Now what are we to believe about fat and atherosclerosis?].

PMID- 672301
TI  - [Foreign bodies in the esophagus].

PMID- 672302
TI  - [Child psychiatric care of young drunkards].

PMID- 672303
TI  - [Antibiotic therapy of war wounds].

PMID- 672304
TI  - [Surgical study tour in USA].

PMID- 672305
TI  - [HLA and disease].

PMID- 672306
TI  - [A year's experience in psychiatric outpatient care at a provincial hospital].

PMID- 672308
TI  - [An example of organized continuing education].

PMID- 672309
TI  - [Which pharmacokinetic parameters are of interest in the choice of antibiotics?].

PMID- 672307
TI  - [Predictors and indicators].

PMID- 672310
TI  - [Treatment of respiratory insufficiency].

PMID- 672311
TI  - [Guidelines for immunization of travellers abroad].

PMID- 672313
TI  - [In preventing hospital infections, what do our anti-infectious preventive
      measures mean?].

PMID- 672312
TI  - [Does the x-ray picture in pneumonia give etiological tips?].

PMID- 672314
TI  - [Guidelines for malaria prevention].

PMID- 672315
TI  - [Functional morphology of the thyroid gland].

PMID- 672316
TI  - [Hormone secretion from the human thyroid gland studied by a peroperative
      technic].

PMID- 672317
TI  - [Modern aspects of the diagnosis of thyroid function].

PMID- 672318
TI  - [Thyroid hormone--adrenergic receptor response].

PMID- 672319
TI  - [Disorders of intrathyroidal hormone synthesis].

PMID- 672320
TI  - [Thyroid tumors--diagnosis and structure].

PMID- 672321
TI  - [Medullary thyroid cancer].

PMID- 672322
TI  - [Influence of the thyroid gland on the central nervous system and behavior].

PMID- 672323
TI  - [Iodine and diet].

PMID- 672324
TI  - [Late radiation effects on the thyroid gland--a serious risk factor in nuclear
      reactor accidents].

PMID- 672325
TI  - [Viper bite in a six-year-old boy].

PMID- 672326
TI  - [Rare complication in herniated disc surgery].

PMID- 672327
TI  - [Vaccination--for and against].

PMID- 672328
TI  - [Pain relief in labor].

PMID- 672329
TI  - [Prenatal diagnosis: "frightening reality"].

PMID- 672330
TI  - [Psychological study on vasectomy].

PMID- 672331
TI  - [Hepatitis A and non-A, non-B in Sweden].

PMID- 672332
TI  - [WHO recommendations on hypertension].

PMID- 672333
TI  - [The epidemiology of hypertension].

PMID- 672334
TI  - [The etiology of hypertension. Summary of present knowledge].

PMID- 672335
TI  - [An analysis of hypertension].

PMID- 672336
TI  - [Current research on hypertension in Scandinavian countries 1978].

PMID- 672337
TI  - Problems of massive blood transfusions. Patient adapted measures?

PMID- 672338
TI  - [Kidney preservation by hypothermic storage in Collins and Sacks solutions: the
      influence of 0-30 min of warm ischemia on the available preservation period
      (author's transl)].
AB  - 123 kidneys of mongrel dogs were stored under hypothermic conditions in Collins
      or Sacks solutions for 12 up to 72 h and then transplanted. Before preservation
      the kidneys were subdued to 0-30 min warm ischemia. Kidney function after
      transplantation was measured by PAH-and inulin-clearances. Successful 24 h
      preservation was likewise possible with Collins and Sacks solutions if there was
      not any warm ischemia. Kidney function was reduced by the length of preservation,
      according to the formula; y = 166.02 . e-0,125x (y = PAH-clearance and x =
      preservation time). With both solutions the most attainable preservation time
      after 15 min warm ischemia was only 12 h, longer preservation time or ischemic
      periods were not tolerable. However, the function of the ischemically damaged
      organ was significantly better preserved by Sacks solution in comparison with
      Collins solution-although the preservation period could not be extended by this
      solution. Therefore, as far as human kidney preservation is concerned, Collins
      solution should be replaced by Sacks solution.

PMID- 672339
TI  - [Giant cavernous hemangioma of the liver. Case report and review of the
      literature (author's transl)].
AB  - The cavernous hemangioma of the liver is frequently seen as small tumor without
      any symptoms, but only rarely its diameter is more than 4 cm (161 cases in world
      literature). We can report on an additional patient. The peculiarities in this
      case were the tumor size, the presence of numerous phleboliths and the
      contrasting of the tumor taking place mainly from the venous part of the vascular
      bed of the liver. The main indication for a surgical intervention is the danger
      of rupture, but disturbances of the coagulation as well as intestinal suppression
      symptoms have also to be taken into consideration. The intraoperative tactics
      ought to be a standardised resection of the liver. The cavernous hemangioma must
      be differentiated from the hemangioendothelium: this usually occurs in children,
      causes cardiac failure due to a. v. shunts, and responds to conservative therapy
      (corticosteroids, radio-therapy).

PMID- 672340
TI  - [Experimental investigations on arter injury due to bone cement (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The observation of eight patients with lesions of great arteries after total hip
      replacement led to experimental investigations to determine whether Palacos might
      cause such vessel lesions. Palacos was applied to the adventitia of the abdominal
      aorta and both iliac arteries in rabbits. Angiographic examinations 14 days after
      implantation indicated no lesion at the intima of aorta and iliac arteries in the
      regio of Palacos. Histological investigations showed only necrosis of fat tissue
      and a slight distention of the muscle fibers of the artery wall. Lesions of aorta
      or great arteries are not caused by implantation of Palacos.

PMID- 672341
TI  - [Primary healing of the sacral cavity after proctectomy - a solvable surgical
      problem (author's transl)].
AB  - Primary healing of the perineal wound and the sacral cavity after a.p. resection
      of the rectum is an old surgical problem. In order to achieve primary healing we
      are using a lengthened omental graft to fill up the sacral space. Since January
      1977 to July 1977 we used this method in 17 patients. 15 patients had very low
      rectal cancers. 2 patients had to undergo proctocolectomy because of ulcerative
      colitis. In 14 cases we achieved primary healing, among these the colitis
      patients. Overall we had three abscess formations in the sacral cavity. One of
      these patients got in addition an obstruction postoperatively.

PMID- 672342
TI  - [Surgical papillotomy, endoscopic-manometric and clinical results (author's
      transl)].
AB  - 4--9 years after transduodenal papillotomy an endoscopic-manometric and clinical
      control of the surgical result was done in 49 patients. The pressure difference
      of common bile duct and duodenum was of great interest. There existed a
      correlation between the pressure difference and other parameters so far, as air
      was frequently seen in those patients without pressure gradient between common
      bile duct and duodenum. Pathological activity of gamma-GT and a decrease of
      Prothrombine-time was found after a high pressure difference. It may be possible
      that anatomical variations of the biliary system and the duodenum have some
      importance for the formation of stones.

PMID- 672343
TI  - The tympanic isthmus: its anatomy and clinical significance.
AB  - The tympanic isthmus is a narrow passage between the tubotympanic cavity and the
      atticomastoid air space. Obstruction of the tympanic isthmus is frequent in
      various types of middle ear disease and causes significant air-diffusion
      disturbance within the temporal bone pneumatic system. Using large numbers of
      fresh temporal bone specimens, anatomical boundaries of the tympanic isthmus are
      defined and pathological variations are investigated. Embryological origin of the
      isthmus and pathophysiological implications of the tympanic isthmus block are
      discussed. Among factors that cause obstruction of the tympanic isthmus are
      mucosal folds variations, inflammatory webs and exudate, retracted tympanic
      membrane, diseased attic mucosa, and cholesteatoma. Each factor is analyzed with
      representative specimen photographs. Clinical signs due to tympanic isthmus block
      often simulate or coexist with symptoms of eustachian tube obstruction. Surgical
      management of the tympanic isthmus block requires clear recognition of these
      disease processes. Understanding of the tympanic isthmus as an anatomical entity
      is essential in the management of middle ear and attic disease.

PMID- 672344
TI  - Mastoiditis and brain hernia (mastoiditis cerebri).
AB  - Ten patients with brain hernia occurring as an insidious complication of chronic
      mastoiditis coincidentally discovered at the time of surgery are described. Four
      had previous surgery, six did not. A history of trauma was othwise absent.
      Cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea did not occur. Our method of management is
      described. Pathology and pathogenesis are discussed. Three patients had
      pedunculated brain hernias, while seven had diffuse (fungoid) herniation.
      Granulation tissue appeared as an important part of the disease process. These
      may represent abortive attempts at brain abscess formation since the widespread
      use of antibiotics. Pacchionian bodies may also play a role in the pathogenesis.

PMID- 672345
TI  - Tuberculous otitis media.
AB  - Tuberculous otitis media is a variable and puzzling infectious disease which may
      remain undiagnosed or confused with other acute or chronic middle ear conditions
      if appropriate diagnostic studies are not performed. Among the common clinical
      findings are insiduous onset of painless watery drainage, severe hearing loss,
      multiple perforations of the tympanic membrane and subsequent appearance of
      profuse granulation tissue. As the disease progresses destruction of the middle
      ear conductive apparatus, facial paralysis, cochlear involvement with
      labyrinthitis and further hearing loss, and finally intracranial dissemination of
      infection may occur. The case histories of two patients recently treated at Mount
      Sinai Hospital illustrate some of the clinical problems encountered with this
      disease.

PMID- 672347
TI  - Serous otitis media associated with sensorineural hearing loss in children.
AB  - The effect of a conductive hearing loss secondary to serous otitis media in
      children with sensorineural hearing loss was seen to be an increase in threshold
      and in one case a decrease in speech discrimination. The diagnosis of the
      conductive component can be made by means of measurement of impedance, middle ear
      pressure, the recording of a tympanogram and otoscopy. It is likely that a
      conductive component can lead to delay in the diagnosis of an underlying
      sensorineural hearing loss in some children which could result in exacerbation of
      speech and language deficits. Correction of the conductive component can convert
      a profound hearing loss to a severe hearing loss, or a severe hearing loss to a
      moderate hearing loss, and it may also increase speech discrimination.

PMID- 672346
TI  - Underrated neurotologic symptoms.
AB  - Patients present themselves with neurotologic symptoms which may be early and
      subtle indicators of active vestibular pathology. The frequently slighted
      complaints of light-headedness, imbalance and a floating sensation are as
      important as "true rotatory vertigo." Ear fullness, the most underinvestigated of
      neurotologic complaints may be a cardinal symptom. Occipital headaches are a
      frequent complaint of the dizzy patient. Blurred vision, and, in some severe
      peripheral disorders, diplopia are symptoms referrable to oculovestibular
      interaction. Visual stimulation intensifies vestibular symptoms. Stress may
      precipitate or increase dizziness in patients who have partially compensated for
      a vestibular deficit. Anxiety, fatigue and systemic illness are exemplary.
      Patient histories are presented to emphasize clinical relevance and therapeutic
      modalities.

PMID- 672348
TI  - Function of the Eustachian tube related to surgical management of acquired aural
      cholesteatoma in children.
AB  - A group of 12 children with acquired cholesteatoma had the ventilatory function
      of the Eustachian tube assessed by the inflation-deflation technique. All had
      varying degrees of functional rather than mechanical obstruction of the
      Eustachian tube. In these children, the pathogenesis of acquired cholesteatoma
      appeared to be the result of the following sequence of events: functional
      Eustachian tube obstruction, high negative middle ear pressure, atelectasis of
      the tympanic membrane-middle ear, a retraction pocket in either the
      posterosuperior or attic portion of the tympanic membrane, and adhesive otitis
      media. Tympanoplasty in these children was not successful. It is suggested that
      when the middle ear-mastoidectomy cavity is allowed to remain open, then the bony
      portion of the Eustachian tube should be surgically closed to prevent
      postoperative reflux of nasopharyngeal secretions.

PMID- 672349
TI  - Homografts in chronic ear surgery.
AB  - There has been a considerable expansion in the use of tympano-ossicular
      homografts in the past decade. The use of homograft tympanic membranes and
      homograft ossicles as well as combined tympano-ossicular homografts has been
      shown to be effective in reconstructive surgery for chronic otitis media. While
      homograft tympanic membranes are effective in the repair of perforations,
      temporalis fascia is at least as effective and more readily available. Therefore,
      the unique benefit of the tympano-malleal homograft (TMH) is that it is an
      effective way of replacing the malleus, the "building block" for reconstruction
      of the ossicular chain. The indications and techniques for the use of the TMH are
      presented and illustrated through representative cases. The inclusion of the TMH
      in the otologist's armamentarium offers another avenue for reconstruction of the
      chronically diseased ear.

PMID- 672350
TI  - The evaluation of middle ear meningiomas using computerized axial tomography.
AB  - Meningiomas localized within the middle ear and mastoid which have no
      intracranial component are rare tumors. Three patients with meningiomas which
      were thought to involve only the middle ear were treated surgically, were
      followed for two to six years and were thought to have been cured. However, when
      computerized axial tomography became clinically available, these patients were
      examined using this radiographic technique. Unexpectedly, all three patients were
      found to have a large intracranial meningiomatous extension. A review of the
      literature reveals only 13 primary meningiomas; these case reports are
      summarized. It was noted that definitive tests for an intracranial extension of
      the meningioma were performed in only 2 of the 13 cases. Therefore, in view of
      our recent clinical experience, it is recommended that a patient presenting with
      a middle ear meningioma should have a computerized axial tomographic examination
      of the head to detect the possible presence of a clinical silent intracranial
      involvement.

PMID- 672351
TI  - Stapes gusher and Klippel-Feil syndrome.
AB  - The stapes gusher which is the most dramatic complication of stapedectomy arises
      from an abnormal communication between the subarchnoid and perilymphatic spaces.
      This congenital defect may be associated with other anomalies such as the Klippel
      Feil syndrome. Two cases of stapes gusher in patients with congenital fixation of
      the footplate are described. One of them was combined with Klippel-Feil syndrome.
      The object of this paper is to emphasize the necessity of a complete preoperative
      examination of all cases of congenital footplate fixation.

PMID- 672352
TI  - Human incus long process depressions in the surface of the normal ossicle.
AB  - Depressions in the bone surface of the normal human incus long process are found
      with great frequency. This paper reviews the frequency and distribution of these
      depressions, discusses their histologic appearance, and speculates upon their
      significance. While their clinical significance is unclear, they may be related
      to several conditions encountered in otologic practice.

PMID- 672353
TI  - Sequential rhytidectomy.
AB  - An alternate technique of rhytidectomy is described. After adequate undermining,
      hemostasis and imbrication, the skin flaps are rotated and advanced with
      sequential tension in contrast to the use of bipolar or tripolar anchoring
      points. They are then trimmed and sutured in a step-like sequential fashion
      starting at the temporal incision and proceeding around the ear to the occipital
      area. The technique has been used in over two hundred patients during a two-year
      period. The results have been encouraging in eliminating dog-ear formation,
      excessive tension on wound edges, and step deformities of the hair bearing
      tissues. A discussion of the advantages of the method and a comparison with other
      techniques is outlined.

PMID- 672354
TI  - "How I do it"--head and neck. A targeted problem and its solution. Pharyngeal
      fistula: prevention and treatment.

PMID- 672355
TI  - "How I do it"--otology and neurology. A specific issue and its solution. The
      diagnosis of a posterior fossa tumor.
AB  - In summary, the patient with a unilateral sensorineural type hearing loss,
      unilateral tinnitus, or dysequilibrium may have a tumor in the posterior fossa.
      This is diagnosed by the history, ear nose, throat and otoneurological
      examination, the audiological studies, electronystagmography, radiological tests
      using the Compere unit, the CT Scan, and when indicated the posterior fossa
      myelogram. The list of causes for these symptoms other than tumefaction is large
      and there are a significant number of cases that remain "cause undetermined." The
      latter requires diligent follow-up and even consultation elsewhere.

PMID- 672356
TI  - "How I do it"--plastic surgery. Practical suggestions on facial plastic surgery.
      Correction of nasal deformity associated with harelip.

PMID- 672357
TI  - Ganglion cell populations in normal and pathological human cochleae. Implications
      for cochlear implantation.
AB  - A histological study of 100 hearing ears showed that some capability for speech
      discrimination requires at least 10,000 spiral ganglion cells. The spiral
      ganglion cell populations were then estimated in another group of 62 ears which
      were profoundly deaf for a variety of causes and it was found that 45% of these
      met the criterion of having 10,000 ganglion cells. The ganglion cell populations
      were largest in ears deafened by sudden deafness, Meniere's Disease, and ototoxic
      drugs; they were somewhat less for those with vascular occlusion, temporal bone
      fracture, otosclerosis, and cochlear dysplasias; they were least in those with
      measles, bacterial labyrinthitis and congenital syphilis. The data is of
      relevance in the selection of patients for cochlear implantation.

PMID- 672358
TI  - Melanoma and the differential diagnosis of oral pigmented lesions.
AB  - There are many pathologic processes that occur in the mouth which have various
      intraoral manifestations. The differential diagnosis of pigmented lesions of the
      oral cavity takes on a high degree of significance because therapy may span such
      a wide range from no treatment at all to massive radical resection for melanoma.
      A thorough understanding of pigmented lesions of the oral cavity would assist the
      clinician in establishing a diagnosis and subsequent treatment plan. A
      comprehensive review of the literature and a discussion of oral pigmented lesions
      including infiltrative malignant melanoma is presented.

PMID- 672359
TI  - Gelfoam paste injection for vocal cord paralysis: temporary rehabilitation of
      glottic incompetence.
AB  - Vocal cord paralysis frequently results in open glottic incompetence with
      aspiration, an ineffective cough, and poor voice production. Glottic competence
      can be restored temporarily be injecting the true vocal cord with Gelfoam paste.
      This clinical use of Gelfoam for temporary rehabilitation is indicated in : 1)
      situations in which paralysis may be temporary, 2) patients for whom an open
      operative procedure must be delayed, and 3) circumstances in which it is
      desirable to determine the effect of vocal cord injection prior to placement of
      nonabsorbable material. The injection of Gelfoam paste results in minimal tissue
      reaction. Absorption is gradual over a period of six to ten weeks, allowing time
      for some glottic compensation. The injection may be repeated without adverse
      effects until the paralysis resolves or intervention of a permanent nature is
      indicated.

PMID- 672360
TI  - Eosinophilic granuloma in the head and neck: a five year review with report of an
      instructive case.
AB  - Head and neck symptoms occurred in 87% of patients (14 of 16) with eosinophilic
      granuloma seen in a 5 year period. Two patients with head and neck disease died
      (14% mortality). Both had concomitant pituitary disease. The underlying pathology
      was discovered in each instance only after a year of extensive diagnostic effort.
      The specific problems in diagnosis and treatment are apparent in the case report
      of an initially misdiagnosed patient. The following recommendations are suggested
      to optimize the care of such patients. Eosinophilic granuloma must be suspected
      in a variety of clinical settings. Radiography is the only helpful noninvasive
      study and definitive diagnosis depends on microscopic tissue examination.
      Patients with symptoms of pituitary disease pose a frustrating diagnostic problem
      because of the inaccessibility of the location for pathologic study. In contrast,
      the head and neck, ear, nose and throat are easily biopsied and comprise the
      region most frequently involved. A careful examination of this area is mandatory
      in all patients with symptoms consistent with eosinophilic granuloma
      intracranially or elsewhere if the disease is to be diagnosed and treated without
      delay.

PMID- 672361
TI  - Etiologic factors in hypocalcemia secondary to operations for carcinoma of the
      pharynx and larynx.
AB  - Hypocalcemia, although a relatively uncommon sequela of operations for carcinoma
      of the larynx and pharynx, often presents as an acute medical emergency. In its
      chronic form, hypocalcemia may be a difficult disorder to control. Understanding
      the etiologic basis of hypocalcemia secondary to operations for carcinoma of the
      head and neck requires knowledge of the pathophysiology of the preoperative and
      postoperative factors affecting calcium homeostasis. These factors include
      thyroidectomy, hypoparathyroidism, hypomagnesemia, anticonvulsant therapy,
      estrogen replacement therapy, oral contraceptives, blood transfusions,
      hyperventilation alkalosis, hypoalbuminemia, corticosteroid therapy, depression,
      emotional stress and diet. Often the onset of symptoms and signs of hypocalcemia
      occurs within 24 to 48 hours after the operation. The symptoms may include mental
      depression, headache, tingling of the hands and perioral region and abdominal
      pain. Unrecognized chronic hypocalcemia may lead to the development of cataracts,
      convulsions and psychosis.

PMID- 672362
TI  - Endoscopic examination of corrosive injuries of the upper gastrointestinal tract.
AB  - The authors present the case histories of five patients who have sustained
      corrosive injuries of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Flexible endoscopic
      examination was successfully carried out in each patient to assess the extent of
      the injury and anticipate further therapeutic needs. Three patients sustained
      major gastric lesions, i.e., strictures or bleeding following the ingestion of
      alkali, acids, or phenol, and one instance of esophageal stricture was
      recognized. The endoscopic observation of antral gangrene was inexorably followed
      by antral stricture requiring surgical management. One fatality followed rigid
      esophagoscopic examination which resulted in esophageal perforation.

PMID- 672363
TI  - Fibro-optic study of pharyngeal airway during sleep in patients with hypersomnia
      obstructive sleep-apnea syndrome.
AB  - Pharyngeal airway during sleep was observed with help of Fibro-optic flexible
      bronchoscope and cineradiography in 10 adult patients with Hypersomnia Sleep
      Apnea (HSA) syndrome. The results of the study suggest that the structures
      involved in production of airway obstruction in the patients with HSA syndrome
      are the muscles of velopharyngeal sphincter and tongue. The laryngeal airway was
      not obstructed during the episodes of apnea.

PMID- 672364
TI  - The otolaryngologic manifestations of multiple myeloma.
AB  - The purpose of this paper is to present the precursors and complications of
      multiple myeloma as manifested in Otolaryngology. The modern Otolaryngologist is
      well aware that systemic disease may manifest itself in our specialty. Multiple
      myeloma is a distinctive form of plasma cell dyscrasia which often manifests
      itself in Otolaryngology. For example, patients may present with epistaxis,
      hoarseness, asymmetry of the face, swelling of the palate, nasal obstruction and
      a multiplicity of other symptoms. Therefore, the practicing Otolaryngologist must
      maintain a high index of suspicion that a seemingly simple sign or symptom may
      represent one small facet of a generalized condition. The paper emphasizes that
      in many instances a slight extension of our history taking may provide us with
      information leading to the diagnosis of this systemic disease. Cases seen by the
      author are reviewed and the relevant clinical features are presented.

PMID- 672365
TI  - Carcinoma of the larynx: lymph node reaction patterns.
AB  - In a double-blind retrospective analysis, sections of lymph nodes removed at the
      time of laryngectomy and homolateral neck dissection were microscopically
      examined to assess the histopathological manifestations of an immune response.
      Contrary to an earlier study, no strong correlation appears to exist between the
      host response as manifested by the lymphnode morphology and survival or
      metastases. The question of preoperative irradiation altering the lymph node's
      ability to respond effectively is raised and puts in jeopardy such a
      morphological assessment in patients who have received preoperative radiotherapy.

PMID- 672366
TI  - Letterer-Siwe disease. Presentation as an otologic problem.
AB  - Letterer-Siwe disease is one of the three clinical syndromes that are
      collectively known as histiocytosis X. This is the most aggressive form of
      histiocytosis and is frequently fatal. Recently, however, early treatment with
      chemotherapeutic agents and steroids has prolonged survival and has even resulted
      in remission of a number of cases. This paper draws attention to a persistent
      external otitis as an early symptom of Letterer-Siwe disease and identifies,
      histologically, involvement of the external auditory canal.

PMID- 672368
TI  - Facial palsy: interpretation of neurologic findings.
AB  - A review of the otoneurologic findings in 500 patients with facial paralysis
      revealed their importance for diagnosis, prognosis, and understanding the
      pathophysiology of Bell's palsy. Diagnosis. The presence of simultaneous
      bilateral palsy, facial paralysis associated with lateral rectus palsy, slowly
      progressive facial weakness with or without hyperkinesis, and facial paralysis
      that showed no recovery after six months excluded Bell's palsy from the
      diagnosis. Ipsilateral recurrent palsies were another indication to suspect an
      underlying cause, since a tumor of the facial nerve caused the paralysis in 30%
      of the patients with this finding. Signs such as intact forehead movement,
      alterations in facial sensation, and corneal hypesthesia--although often
      associated with lesions in the cerebral cortex, cerebellopontine angle, or
      internal auditory canal--were also found in patients with Bell's palsy.
      Prognosis. A spontaneous complete recovery following Bell's palsy occurs in about
      70% of the patients; but in the presence of a dry eye or dysacousis, the
      prognosis for a complete recovery drops 10 and 25%, respectively.
      Pathophysiology. It is proposed that the wide range of neurologic findings
      associated with Bell's palsy is due to a viral polyneuropathy. This is a disorder
      that primarily involves sensory nerves, and the facial motor deficit results from
      involvement of the sensory fibers carried with the facial nerve within the
      fallopian canal.

PMID- 672367
TI  - Bilateral sudden deafness following combined insecticide poisoning.
AB  - A case of combined poisoning due to exposure to an aerosol containing both
      malathion and methoxychlor (sold under the trade name Ortho TM Orchard Spray in
      the United States) ps presented. The following unusual features occurred in the
      course and outcome of the poisoning: slow onset of symptoms and signs, bilateral
      profound and permanent sensorineural hearing loss, and residual peripheral
      neuropathies in the extremites. The possible potentiation of the usually low
      toxicity of malathion is suggest and discussed.

PMID- 672369
TI  - Tympanoplasty using homograft tympanic membranes and ossicles.
AB  - The use of homograft materials in reconstructive, mastoid, and middle ear surgery
      is increasing. Not only are they useful and practical, but they also do the job
      well in both anatomical and functional restoration. Many encouraging reports have
      been written to support their use. Their advantages, in the opinion of the
      author, outweigh their cost since they can offer a more efficient, versatile, and
      better method of restoration of hearing in tympanoplasty surgery.

PMID- 672370
TI  - Repair of anterior floor of mouth defects: the island pedicle tongue flap.
AB  - The island pedicle tongue flap has been utilized for situations where split
      thickness skin or dermis had been used previously. It has been found to provide
      rapid, reliable healing, without excess scarring or problems of desquamation. No
      functional deficit of the tongue is produced, so swallowing and speech remain
      unaffected. This method is recommended for those anterior floor of mouth lesions
      amenable to wide local excision, but too large for primary closure.

PMID- 672371
TI  - Clinical differentiation of conductive hearing loss.

PMID- 672372
TI  - Naso-malar flap in oral cavity reconstruction.

PMID- 672373
TI  - [Behcet's disease and the gastrointestinal tract (author's transl)].
AB  - Behcet's disease is characterized by the triad of aphteous stomatitis, genital
      ulcerations and uveitis. This syndrome is thought to be a systemic disease with
      various unspecific manifestations, which may arise in other organs as well in a
      considerable number of cases. More than 50% of all patients do have
      gastrointestinal symptoms; erosive and ulcerative lesions are found primarily in
      the jejunum and colon. Case reports are given of 3 patients with Behcet's disease
      and gastrointestinal involvement; one of these patients died. All patients did
      have unspecific changes of esophageal motility.

PMID- 672374
TI  - [Gastroscopy and rinsing of the gastric wall under sight in drug intoxication
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Gastric rinsing during gastroscopy is presented as a new, effective,
      uncomplicated method of primary elimination of poison, as a part of a new
      diagnostic and therapeutic concept for patients intoxicated with hypnotics. The
      advantage of this active therapy is a fast elimination of the toxic substance and
      prevention of secondary complications. The diagnostic value of gastroscopy and
      radiological examination in patients with unexplained comatous states is
      emphasized.

PMID- 672375
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of emphysema of the gastric wall: emphysematous gastritis
      (author's transl)].
AB  - A case report is given of a female patient with infectious emphysematous
      gastritis; clinical, radiological and histological findings are described as well
      as--for the first time--endoscopic findings. This serious disease is compared to
      nonbacterial interstitial gastric emphysema. Etiology and therapy are discussed.

PMID- 672376
TI  - [Chronic gastritis in patients with unexplained upper abdominal symptoms
      (author's transl)].
AB  - In 439 patients biopsies were taken from antral and corpus mucosa, except from
      the lesser curvature, and histological examinations were done. Superficial
      inflammatory changes were found in 52.2% of all speciments taken from the corpus
      and in 64.9% taken from the antrum; atrophic gastritis was found in 2.6% of
      corpus biopsies and in 10.0% of antral biopsies. Normal findings were obtained in
      47.3% of corpus specimens and in 25.7% of antral specimens. It is evident, that
      inflammatory changes are far more frequent in the antral than in the corpus
      mucosa. Changes in both areas increase with age. Our findings in regard to
      atrophic gastritis are different from those obtained by Siurala; this difference
      needs further explanation.

PMID- 672377
TI  - [Emptying of the stomach after selective proximal vagotomy (author's transl)].
AB  - Cream cheese containing 14C-labelled glutaminic acid was given to patients after
      proximal selective vagotomy and 14CO2 measured in the expired air in order to
      test the gastric emptying process. Results do not allow exact quantitative
      evaluation, however definite changes of gastric emptying for up to 6 month after
      surgery could be demonstrated.

PMID- 672378
TI  - [Neurinoma of the stomach (author's transl)].
AB  - Case reports are given of 4 patients suffering from gastric neurinoma. Signs,
      symptoms and clinical findings are unrevealing. X-ray examination and gastroscopy
      may help to make a diagnosis, surgery however is necessary to establish a
      diagnosis definitely. Surgery is indicated in addition, since neurinoma may
      become malignant. Prognosis is good, recurrence is unusual.

PMID- 672379
TI  - [Subjective tolerance of pentagastrin test (author's transl)].
AB  - Side effects of pentagastrin were registered in 50 patients before application of
      a gastric suction drainage tube, during the basal secretion period as well as
      after injection of 6 microgram/kg pentagastrin resp. 1 ml of physiological
      saline. Discrete symptoms occurred significantly more frequently after
      pentagastrin application: 28% of patients complained about nausea, 24% about
      tremor, 22% about hot feeling. These sensations occurred immediately after
      injection and continued for several minutes. In 4 persons the test had to be
      stopped because of collapse. There was no correlation between the frequency of
      symptoms, age of the patient, sex or gastric acidity. Causal relationships to
      lowering of blood pressure or changes of gastrointestinal motility are discussed.

PMID- 672380
TI  - [The prevalence of chronic nonspecific pulmonary disease in relation to air
      pollution, climate and smoking (author's transl)].

PMID- 672381
TI  - [Menarche in Zagreb schoolgirls and the "critical" body weight hypothesis
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 672382
TI  - [Clinical observations of patients with toxoplasmosis (author's transl)].

PMID- 672383
TI  - [Factors for successful and reasons for unsuccessful treatment of newobrns with
      congenital oesophageal atresia (author's transl)].

PMID- 672384
TI  - [Atraumatic spontaneous rupture of the esophagus (author's transl)].

PMID- 672385
TI  - [The influence of methylnitrosourea and adriamycin on cells in exponential and
      plateau-phase growth (author's transl)].

PMID- 672386
TI  - [The roentgen diagnosis of renal and perirenal abscesses with special emphasis on
      angiographic changes (author's transl)].

PMID- 672388
TI  - [Mechanical bowel cleaning with orthograde washing using the Crapp method
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 672387
TI  - [Diazoxide and furosemide in the treatment of hypertensive emergencies (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 672389
TI  - [Thirty years of radiophotographic screening of students at the University of
      Zagreb (author's transl)].

PMID- 672391
TI  - [Medical and borderline terminology].

PMID- 672390
TI  - [Biomedical approaches to anthropology in Yugoslavia and the role of the journal
      "Collegium Antropologicum" (author's transl)].

PMID- 672392
TI  - [Contribution of isotopic nephrogram in the appreciation of functional
      renalsequelae in the course of acute kidney insufficiency].

PMID- 672393
TI  - [In vitro effects of aqueous dispersion of essential phospholipids on the osmotic
      resistance of red blood cells in renal insufficiency].

PMID- 672394
TI  - Thanatophoric dwarfism (apropos of 2 cases).

PMID- 672395
TI  - [Encephalic and peripheral distal ischemia in a 24-year-old woman with dysplasia
      of the intima and changes in the internal elastic lamella of the toe (apropos of
      a new case of disseminated angiosis in a young patient)].

PMID- 672396
TI  - [Sinoatrial heart block (turtle heart) in thyroid insufficiency].

PMID- 672397
TI  - [Nitrofurantoin-induced pneumopathy].

PMID- 672398
TI  - [Somatomedins].

PMID- 672399
TI  - [Diabetic glomerulosclerosis].

PMID- 672400
TI  - [Physiopathology of functional hypertrichosis. II. Sources of increase in
      androgen production in functional hypertrichosis].

PMID- 672401
TI  - [Treatment of adrenal gland hyperplasia caused by 21-hydroxylase deficiency
      (apropos of 26 cases)].

PMID- 672402
TI  - [Levamisole treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (apropos of 13 personal cases)].

PMID- 672403
TI  - Serotoninergic control of growth hormone (GH) secretion in dogs as measured by
      dose responsiveness.

PMID- 672404
TI  - Physiological control of brain norepinephrine synthesis by brain tyrosine
      concentration.

PMID- 672405
TI  - Compensatory behaviors: suggestion for a common basis from deficits in hamsters.

PMID- 672406
TI  - Inhibition of norepinephrine N-methyltransferase by 1-aminoindans,
      conformationally rigid analogs of benzylamines.

PMID- 672407
TI  - Stimulus-coupled 3H-serotonin release from identified neurosecretory fibers in
      the spiny lobster, Panulirus interruptus.

PMID- 672408
TI  - Prostaglandin the osmoregulatory role of prolactin in a teleost.

PMID- 672409
TI  - Plasma norepinephrine concentrations: no differences among normal volunteers and
      low, high or normal renin hypertensive patients.

PMID- 672410
TI  - A clinical method of estimating risk of drug induced delirium.

PMID- 672411
TI  - Pulmonary phospholipid biosynthesis and the ability of the fetal rabbit lung to
      reduce cortisone to cortisol during the final ten days of gestation.

PMID- 672412
TI  - Mechanism for the increase in plasma renin activity by pentobarbital anesthesia.

PMID- 672413
TI  - Choline: Selective enhancement of serial learning and encoding of low imagery
      words in man.

PMID- 672414
TI  - Psychotomimetic phenalkylamines as serotonin agonists: an SAR analysis.

PMID- 672415
TI  - Failure of tryptophan load-induced increases in brain serotonin to alter food
      intake in the rat.

PMID- 672416
TI  - Localization of kallikrein in the guinea-pig submandibular gland.

PMID- 672417
TI  - The correlation of sweetness and bitterness of enantiomeric aminoacids.

PMID- 672418
TI  - Endogenous inhibitor of GABA binding in mammalian brain.

PMID- 672419
TI  - Morphological transformation of C3H/10T1/2 cells subcultured at low cell
      densities.

PMID- 672420
TI  - Cholesterol metabolism in copper deficient rats.

PMID- 672421
TI  - Cardiovascular and antidiuretic effects of central histamine.

PMID- 672422
TI  - Content of beta-LPH and its fragments (including endorphins) in anterior and
      intermediate lobes of the bovine pituitary gland.

PMID- 672423
TI  - In vitro drug metabolism in male and female athymic, nude mice.

PMID- 672424
TI  - Oxygen consumption in the parotid gland.

PMID- 672425
TI  - Stereospecific aversive property of narcotic antagonists in morphine-free rats.

PMID- 672426
TI  - Myocardial phospholipid metabolism in alloxan diabetic rats.

PMID- 672427
TI  - Altered neurotransmitter synthetic enzyme activity in some extrapyramidal nuclei
      after lesions of the nigro-striatal dopamine projection.

PMID- 672428
TI  - Circadian rhythm and uptake of taurine by the rat pineal gland.

PMID- 672429
TI  - Effects of antimycin A plus 2-deoxyglucose on uptake and vesicular storage of
      serotonin in human platelets.

PMID- 672430
TI  - Enzymatic sulfation of bile salts: III. enzymatic sulfation of taurolithocholate
      in human and guinea pig fetuses and adults.

PMID- 672431
TI  - Problems in the interpretation of blood pressure changes seen in rats fed a
      breakfast cereal.

PMID- 672432
TI  - Inhibition of serotonin reuptake differentially affects heterosexual behavior of
      male and female rats.

PMID- 672433
TI  - Effect of quipazine and D-fenfluramine, two serotonin-like drugs, on TSH
      secretion in basal and cold stimulated conditions in the rat.

PMID- 672434
TI  - Effect of L-dopa pretreatment on in vivo protein synthesis in various rat brain
      regions.

PMID- 672435
TI  - Antagonism of the anticonvulsant action of phenytoin, phenobarbital and
      acetazolamide by 6-hydroxydopamine.

PMID- 672436
TI  - Antagonism of naloxone hyperalgesia by ethanol.

PMID- 672437
TI  - Comparison of the biological effects of two angiotensin II analogues in
      hypertensive patients with sodium depletion.

PMID- 672438
TI  - The role of undernutrition in animal models of hyperactivity.

PMID- 672439
TI  - Demonstration of enzymatic conversion of lysolecithin to lecithin in normal human
      plasma.

PMID- 672440
TI  - Alcohol dehydrogenase activity in the uremic rat.

PMID- 672441
TI  - Effect of membrane modification on cell fusion of hen erythrocytes induced by
      dimethyl sulfoxide.

PMID- 672442
TI  - Amino acid transport: alterations due to synaptosomal depolarization.

PMID- 672443
TI  - Difference in cerebellar norepinephrine metabolism in jumping and non-jumping
      mice.

PMID- 672444
TI  - Effects of androgens on burst forming units (BFU-E) in normal rabbit bone
      marrows.

PMID- 672445
TI  - Prolactin in CSF selectively increases dopamine turnover in the median eminence.

PMID- 672446
TI  - Influence of age on brain vascular and cardiovascular monoamine oxidase activity
      in the rat.

PMID- 672447
TI  - Ovine placental lactogen stimulation of ornithine decarboxylase activity in brain
      and liver of neonatal rats.

PMID- 672448
TI  - Competitive interrelationships between lysine and arginine in rat liver under
      normal conditions and in experimental hyperammonemia.

PMID- 672449
TI  - The dopamine of the rat mammotroph in cell culture as a model for drug action.

PMID- 672450
TI  - Plasma arginine and ornithine levels and selected enzyme activities in uremic
      rats fed various amounts of arginine.

PMID- 672451
TI  - Adult ovaries of Locusta migratoria contain the sequence of biosynthetic
      intermediates for ecdysone.

PMID- 672452
TI  - Protein carboxymethylation: effects of 2% sodium chloride administration on
      protein carboxymethylase and its endogenous substrates in rat posterior
      pituitary.

PMID- 672453
TI  - LSD and phenethylamine hallucinogens: new structural analogy and implications for
      receptor geometry.

PMID- 672454
TI  - Uptake of biogenic amines by glial cells in culture I. A neuronal-like transport
      system for serotonin.

PMID- 672455
TI  - Radioimmunoassay for beta-endorphin: presence of immunoreactive "big-big" beta
      endorphin ("big" beta-lipotropin) in human and rat pituitaries.

PMID- 672456
TI  - Decrease in muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the small intestine of mice
      subjected to repeated cold stress.

PMID- 672457
TI  - Effects of 2-bromo-alpha-ergocryptine on beta-endorphin-induced growth hormone,
      prolactin and luteining hormone release in urethane anesthetized rats.

PMID- 672458
TI  - GABA receptor binding in the parkinsonian brain.

PMID- 672459
TI  - Compensatory ovarian hypertrophy in the hamster and its alteration by blinding
      and/or pinealectomy.

PMID- 672460
TI  - Psychosomatic digitalis-toxic arrhythmias in guinea pigs.

PMID- 672461
TI  - The tigliane, daphnane and ingenane diterpenes, their chemistry, distribution and
      biological activities. A review.

PMID- 672462
TI  - Phytochemical screening of Nigerian medicinal plants II.
AB  - A total of 47 plant extracts representing 132 genera and 172 species of plants
      distributed over 59 families were collected from various parts of Nigeria. The
      plant extracts were screened for the presence of alkaloids, saponins, tannins,
      phlobatannins and anthraquinones. The number of positive tests obtained was 176
      (32.18%) for alkaloids, 242 (44.24%) for saponins, and 435 (79.52) for tannins. A
      few were positive for phlobatannins and anthraquinones.

PMID- 672463
TI  - Alkaloids of Thalictrum XXVI. New hypotensive and other alkaloids from Thalictrum
      minus race B.
AB  - The roots of T. minus race B have yielded 9 alkaloids, thalirabine (1),
      thaliracebine (13), thalfine (19), thalfinine (20), thalrugosaminine (22),
      thalidasine (13), obaberine (24), thaliglucinone (25) and (S)-reticuline (26).
      The first two, possessing marked hypotensive activity, were assigned complete
      structures by physical and chemical methods. Thalfine (19) was given S
      configuration at its one asymmetric center and was converted to thalfinine (20)
      and epithalfinine (21), thus the stereochemistry was established at one of the
      two optically active positions. The other alkaloids were identified by direct
      comparison with known samples. Antimicrobial testing showed thalirabine,
      thaliracebine, thalfine, and thalfinine to be active against Mycobacterium
      smegmatis.

PMID- 672464
TI  - Alkaloids of Thalictrum XXVII. New hypotensive aporphine-benzylisoquinoline
      derived dimeric alkaloids from Thalictrum minus race B.
AB  - The roots of T. minus race B have yielded, in addition to adiantifoline (1)
      previously isolated from this source, two new related alkaloids, thaliadine (2)
      and thaliadanine (5). Both were assigned complete structures by spectral methods
      and by chemical interconversion to adiantifoline or its product. O
      Desmethyladiantifoline should have structure 14, rather than the previously
      reported 5. All three isolated alkaloids show hypotensive activity in rabbits,
      and thaliadanine (5) has antimicrobial activity against Mycobacterium smegmatis.

PMID- 672465
TI  - The effects of selected fungicides and insecticides on growth and thebaine
      production of Papaver bracteatum.
AB  - The fungicides benlate, maneb, and captan depressed plant growth, thebaine
      concentration, and thebaine yield per plant when administered chronically to
      Papaver bracteatum. The chronic administration of dicofol inhibited plant growth
      and thebaine yield per plant, but did not affect thebaine concentration.
      Malathion and pyrethrins had no adverse effects on either plant growth or
      thebaine content.

PMID- 672466
TI  - Behavioral and toxicological studies of cyclopentanoid monoterpenes from Nepeta
      cataria.
AB  - Two samples of catnip oil were analyzed by tic, gc, and hplc; the results
      indicated the presence of 23 components. Fractionation of the commercial sample
      of catnip oil by either distillation or gc yielded 40% nepetalactone and 43%
      nepetalic acid. Catnip oil, nepetalic acid, and a nepetalactone-enriched fraction
      were evaluated for toxicological and behavioral effects in mice and rats. The
      LD50 of catnip oil, the nepetalactone-enriched fraction, and nepetalic acid were
      found in mice to be: 1300 mg/kg, 1550 mg/kg and 1050 mg/kg, respectively. Catnip
      oil (500 mg/kg) and nepetalic acid (62.5 mg/kg) were found to significantly
      increase hexobarbital sleeping time in mice. Rats trained on a Sidman avoidance
      schedule showed a significant decrease in performance following intraperitoneal
      injections of catnip oil (500--750 mg/kg), nepetalic acid (125--250 mg/kg), and
      the nepetalactone-enriched fraction (500--750 mg/kg). Rats trained on the same
      avoidance schedule developed behavioral tolerance after daily injections of 750
      mg/kg catnip oil.

PMID- 672467
TI  - Lipid composition and biosynthesis of human omental tissue.
AB  - Two groups of five males each were selected for total lipid analyses of their
      omental tissue. One of these groups had been subjected to a severe caloric
      restriction and had undergone total weight reduction of about 20%. The other
      group served as control. Both of these groups of patients required elective
      surgical procedures during which it was possible to obtain small samples of
      omental tissue, adipose pad, and/or mesenteric tissue. Total lipid analyses were
      performed on all of the materials. A distinctive positional distribution of the
      acyl groups was maintained in the triglycerides of omental tissue for all the
      patients regardless of dietary state. Patients under caloric restriction showed a
      reduction in their total triglyceride content, a reduction in their content of
      unsaturated fatty acyl groups, and a relative increase in phospholipid content.
      The de novo lipid biosynthetic capacity of omental tissues, as determined by 1
      [14C]-acetate incorporation, showed an inverse proportionality to the lipid
      content of the samples. Omental tissue is biosynthetically a very versatile
      material capable of yielding rapidly many types of fatty acids. This ability,
      among others, could account for the usefulness of omental tissue as a supporting
      base in many types of restorative surgery.

PMID- 672468
TI  - The acylation of 1-palmitylglycerol 3-phosphate with cis and trans c-16 to c-22
      monoenoic fatty acids in rat liver microsomes.

PMID- 672469
TI  - Plasma membrane phospholipid, cholesterol and fatty acyl composition of
      differentiated and undifferentiated L6 myoblasts.
AB  - The lipid composition of plasma membranes isolated from differentialted and
      undifferentiated L6 myoblasts have been compared. In general, the plasma
      membranes of differentiated L6 myoblasts have a higher cholesterol to
      phospholipid molar ratio than plasma membranes of undifferentiated cells.
      Differentiated L6 myoblasts have increased relative amounts of
      phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine ine in their plasma membrane and
      a decreased relative amount of sphingomyelin when compared with the plasma
      membranes  of undifferentiated myoblasts. In addition, preliminary results show
      that differentiated L6 myoblasts plasma membrane phospholipid shows differences
      in the fatty acyl composition, specifically there appears to be relatively more
      17:0 and 24:1 and less 16:1 and 18:1 than in plasma membrane phospholipids of
      undifferentiated L6 myoblasts. These observations indicate that significant
      changes in plasma membrane lipid composition occur during myoblast
      differentiation. The role that changes in lipid composition play in control of
      cellular differentiation, however, remains to be elucidated.

PMID- 672470
TI  - Absorption of synthetic, stereochemically defined acylglycerols in the rat.
AB  - The stereochemistry of fat digestion and absorption was investigated in rats with
      thoracic duct fistulas, after feeding synthetic triacylglycerol or
      alkyldiacylglycerol. After feeding 1,2-dilauroyl-3-oleoyl-sn-glycerol,
      dilauroyloleoylglycerol and lauroyldioleoylglycerol were the most abundant chyle
      triacylglycerols. Positional analysis of the fatty acid distribution and the
      absence of optical activity indicated that the following structures dominated:
      rac-1,2-dilauroyl-3-oleoylglycerol and rac-1,3-dioleoyl-2-lauroylglycerol.
      Therefore, the triacylglycerol resynthesized from 2-lauroylglycerol (pre-cursor
      to 60% of chyle triacylglycerol) and other precursors was essentially racemic.
      Chyle phospholipids contained largely endogenous fatty acids, and the proportion
      of lauric acid was very low. A racemic mixture of 1,2-di[3H] oleoyl-3-tetradecyl
      sn-glycerol and 1-tetradecyl-2,3-di[12C] oleoyl-sn-glycerol was absorbed to a
      lower degree than triacylglycerol. The appearace of oleic acid with different
      labels in chyle and intestinal lipids did not differ, indicating the absence of
      stereospecificity in fat digestion. Possible explanations for the low absorption
      are discussed.

PMID- 672471
TI  - Effect of pentadecan-2-one on lipid metabolism in HeLa cells.
AB  - HeLa cells exposed to trace amounts of pentadecan-2-one showed changes in
      metabolism of 1(-14)C-palmitate. These changes consisted of an increased
      incorporation of radioactivity into the triglycerides and free fatty acids and a
      decreased 14C incorporation into the ether moiety of alk-1-enyl acyl
      phosphoglycerides. Chemical analysis of the several lipid fractions showed a
      threefold increase in triglyceride content but no change in the amount of alk-1
      enyl acyl or diacyl phosphoglycerides in the treated cells. Pentadecan-2-one
      added to the culture medium apparently gains entrance to the cell since both
      pentadecan-2-one and pentadecan-2-ol were detected in the ketone-treated cells
      and their culture medium.

PMID- 672472
TI  - Reduction in medium chain acids and monoenoic acids in livers and plasma of rats
      fed eicosa-5,8,11, 14-tetraynoic acid.
AB  - Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed for 8 weeks a corn oil (CO) diet or a
      hydrogenated coconut oil (HCNO) diet. These diets were fed in the absence or
      presence of eicosa-5,8,11,14-tetraynoic acid (TYA). The inclusion of TYA in the
      HCNO diet reduced the levels of 12:0 and 14:0 in the total fatty acids of livers
      and plasma. With either diet, the presence of TYA caused an alteration in the
      fatty acid composition of these tissues so as to reduce the values of the ratios:
      16:1/16:0, 18:1/18:0. and 20:4/18:2. These results suggest that dietary TYA can
      influence the hepatic metabolism of medium chain fatty acids and that it may
      inhibit the desaturase enzyme involved in the synthesis of not only 20:4 but also
      of monoenoic fatty acids.

PMID- 672473
TI  - Fiber, hypercholesteremia, and atherosclerosis.
AB  - Epidemiological data suggest that populations subsisting on high fiber diets are
      free of a number of the diseases of Western civilization, among them coronary
      heart disease. Studies in animals and man show that each type of fiber exerts its
      own specific influence. Thus, in man bran has no effect on serum lipids, but
      pectin lowers cholesterol levels. In animals fed atherogenic diets, alfalfa and
      pectin exert some measure of protection, but cellulose does not. To fully
      understand the mode of action of dietary fiber, it is necessary to ascertain the
      mechanism(s) of action of each chemical component of that fiber.

PMID- 672474
TI  - Dietary factors in arteriosclerosis: sucrose.
AB  - Epidemiological studies show that coronary heart disease is more common in
      wealthier countries than in poorer. Such studies cannot, however, isolate which
      of the dietary or nondietary characteristics of affluence help to cause the
      disease; they provide only clues that need to be subjected to experimental study.
      Experiments should be designed on the basis of their ability to produce the
      multiple abnormalties associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) and not only
      hypercholesterolemia. They should also explain the association of CHD with
      obesity, diabetes mellitus, cigarette smoking, and physical inactivity. These
      considerations suggest that the underlying abnormality that produces CHD is a
      disturbed hormonal balance. Experiments have shown that a high consumption of
      sucrose produces not only the wide range of abnormalities seen in CHD but also an
      increased blood concentration of insulin and cortisol. Since a low intake of
      sucrose confers many other health benefits, it is a more logical dietary
      recommendation than that of substituting polyunsaturated fat for saturated fat.

PMID- 672475
TI  - Cholesterol and repair processes in arteriosclerosis.
AB  - The high cholesterol content of the atheroma and the correlation between
      elevation of the serum cholesterol and myocardial infractions gave rise to the
      lipid theory of arteriosclerosis, which assumes that cholesterol induces
      arteriosclerotic lesions and that its reduction counteracts their development.
      However, many facts contradict this theory. Therefore, a new hypothesis has been
      based on the high cholesterol content of old pathological lesions of
      granulomatous nature and the similarity of atheromata to granulomas. In the
      latter, a complicated tissue containing a high percentage of cholesterol is
      deposited in response to the injurious agent, which becomes walled off by this
      tissue. Thus, cholesterol forms part of a protective mechanism, a hypothesis
      compatible with the known facts about the relationship of cholesterol to
      arteriosclerosis.

PMID- 672476
TI  - Hyperlipidemia and premature arteriosclerosis.
AB  - In the last decade, understanding of the relationship between plasma lipoprotein
      concentrations and arteriosclerosis has advanced considerably. Prospective and
      case-control epidemiologic studies in the general population have established a
      direct correlation between low density lipoprotein and an inverse correlation
      between high density lipoprotein concentrations and the risk of coronary disease.
      Detailed studies of patients and families with genetic hypercholesterolemia,
      hypertriglyceridemia, and combined hypercholesterolemia hypertriglyceridemia have
      identified subpopulations at particular risk. Skin fibroblast lines from patients
      with genetic hyperlipidemias have been used to provide important new information
      on the regulation by plasma lipoproteins of cellular cholesterol metabolism. We
      are entering a phase of investigation where epidemiological and biochemical data
      supplement each other in such a way that the old hypothesis linking plasma lipids
      to atherosclerosis has new life.

PMID- 672477
TI  - The development of coronary thrombosis following myocardial infarction.
AB  - One hundred twenty-one patients who died from myocardial infarction were studied.
      Occlusive coronary artery thrombosis was present in 32%. In 68% of these, the
      infarct developed first. Factors inducing thrombus formation include fall in
      systemic blood pressure, alteration of blood flow, shock, and size of infarct.
      Factors inducing infarction, apart from hypoxia, may be stress, altered cell
      membrane permeability, and increased catecholamines.

PMID- 672478
TI  - Antioxidants in neoplastic cells: I. Changes in the antioxidative capacity of
      mouse neuroblastoma cells measured by a single-phase assay.
AB  - Cultured mouse neuroblastoma cells exhibit a striking increase in antioxidative
      capacity during the transition from logarithmically dividing cells to
      nondividing, neurite-bearing cells. Two physically separable phenomena are
      involved: (a) the membrane pellet of neurite-bearing cells is highly resistant to
      lipid peroxidation, and (b) the postmicrosomal supernatant of these cells
      inhibits peroxidation in rat liver mitochondria and other biological membranes. A
      precise, single-phase assay has been developed for assessing antioxidant levels
      in lipid extracts. By means of this assay, the increase in membrane resistance to
      lipid peroxidation has been correlated with a threefold increase in the
      antioxidant activity of the neuroblastoma neutral lipid fraction. This finding
      implies that generations of a neutral lipid antioxidant (or antioxidants) is
      involved in the profound increase in antioxidative capacity which occurs in
      differentiating neuroblastoma cells.

PMID- 672479
TI  - Antioxidants in neoplastic cells: II. Isolation and partial characterization of a
      phenolic antioxidant from differentiated mouse neuroblastoma cells.
AB  - The generation of an antioxidant has been shown to be associated with the
      dramatic increase in resistance to lipid peroxidation which occurs during the
      differentiation of mouse neuroblastoma cells in culture. The antioxidant has been
      isolated from the neuroblastoma neutral lipid fraction and partially
      characterized by means of low-resolution and high-resolution mass spectrometry
      and other lines of evidence. All presently available information suggests that
      this antioxidant is a highly aromatic, monosubstituted phenol having the
      molecular formula C19H14O2.

PMID- 672480
TI  - Effects of dietary vitamin E, selenium, and polyunsaturated fats on in vivo lipid
      peroxidation in the rat as measured by pentane production.
AB  - Starting at 21 days of age, groups of six rats each were fed a basal Torula yeast
      diet supplemented with 0.4% L-methionine and varying amounts of vitamin E as dl
      alpha tocopherol acetate, selenium as sodium selenite, and with either 10%
      stripped corn oil, stripped lard, or coconut oil. By 7 wk, pentane production by
      rats fed a corn oil diet deficient in both vitamin E and selenium was twice that
      by rats fed 0.1 or 1 mg of selenium per kg of the same basal diet. Blood
      glutathione peroxidase activity after 7 wk was proportional to the logarithm of
      dietary selenium. Groups of rats fed the vitamin E- and selenium-deficient diets
      with lard or coconut oil had one-half the pentane production of rats fed the
      vitamin E- and selenium-deficient corn oil diets. The plasma level of linoleic
      plus arachidonic acid was 1.8 time greater on a wt % basis in rats fed corn oil
      than in rats fed lard or coconut oil as the fat source. Pentane production by
      rats fed 40 i.u. dl-alpha tocopherol acetate per kg of the selenium-deficient
      corn oil diet was one-sixth of that by rats fed the same diet without vitamin E;
      the plasma of the rats fed the vitamin E-supplemented corn oil diet had a level
      of vitamin E that was about six times greater than that of the rats fed the
      vitamin E-deficient corn oil diet.

PMID- 672481
TI  - Effects of dietary antioxidants on in vivo lipid peroxidation in the rat as
      measured by pentane production.

PMID- 672482
TI  - Synthesis of acyl-S-pantetheine by rat liver microsomes.
AB  - The synthesis of acyl-S-pantetheine was found to occur in rat liver microsomal
      preparations. The reaction required ATP and a metal ion as cofactors, a fatty
      acid and the reduced form of pantetheine for optimal activity. The Km for
      pantetheine was 0.8 mM, for ATP 0.8 mM, and for oleic acid 0.3 mM. Mg2+ (20mM),
      Mn2+ (5 mM), Ca2+ (5mM), and Fe2+ (5 mM) produced approximately equal activity
      when all other conditions were optimal. The characterization of the product and
      other properties of the enzyme are described. The acyl-S-pantetheine formed does
      not act as an acyl donor in the acylation of sn-glycerol-3-phosphate, 1,2
      diacylglycerol, or lysolecithin.

PMID- 672483
TI  - Effects of ethanol intake on lipoprotein lipase activity in adipose tissue of
      fasting subjects.
AB  - Ethanol (ca. 1 g/kg body weight) was given alone or together with glucose or
      lipid (mixed triglycerides) perorally to young, fasting subjects. The changes
      with time (0-6 hr) of lipoprotein lipase activity (LLA) in adipose tissue, plasma
      glycerol, triglyceride, insulin, blood glucose, and alcohol concentrations were
      followed. A maximal mean blood alcohol concentration of 0.09% (w/v) was obtained
      1 hr after ingestion with no apparent intoxicating effects. Ethanol intake
      prevented the previously observed [Nilsson-Ehle, P., S. Carlstrom, and P.
      Belfrage, Scand, J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 35:373 (1975)] glucose-induced rapid
      elevation of adipose tissue LLA but had small effects on this enzymatic activity
      when given alone or together with lipid. Confirming results by others, ethanol
      intake decreased plasma glycerol concentration and increased plasma
      triglycerides, especially after intake of lipid. It is suggested that ethanol
      intake interferes with the normal carbohydrate-induced elevation of adipose
      tissue LLA after a mixed meal, thereby decreasing the removal capacity for
      circulating dietary lipid and causing enhanced and prolonged alimentary
      hyperlipemia.

PMID- 672484
TI  - The effect of dietary erucic acid on cardiac triglycerides and free fatty acid
      levels in rats.

PMID- 672485
TI  - The effect of protein deficiency on some rat liver lipid metabolic enzymes and
      CoA.
AB  - Two groups of male Wistar rats were fed normal (i.e., 18%) and protein-free
      diets, respectively, for 7 weeks. In vivo incorporation of [1-14C] acetate into
      palmitic, stearic, oleic, and arachidonic acids by the liver was reduced in the
      protein-deficient rats. In vitro incubation of liver microsomes with labeled
      palmitate or linoleate revealed no change in the specific activities of chain
      elongating or desaturating enzymes. Protein deficiency resulted in a decrease in
      specific activity of short chain acyl-CoA synthetase and in total CoA,
      accompanied by the virtual disappearance of acyl-CoA and an increase in free CoA.
      Furthermore, there was less microsomal fatty acid synthetase and mitochondrial
      beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase activity. These results are discussed in
      relation to fatty acid synthesis and the changes in liver fatty acid composition.

PMID- 672486
TI  - 1,2-Propanediol-induced changes in plasma and tissue lipids of rats.
AB  - Oral administration of 1,2-propanediol to rats in a daily dose of 1 ml of 28.4%
      aqueous solution per 100 g body weight for 30 days caused a significant decrease
      in the total lipids, fatty acids, phospholipids, and triglycerides of plasma,
      liver, and heart. The cholesterol content in plasma decreased while that in the
      tissues increased significantly. The accumulation of cholesterol in tissues tends
      to discourage long term use of 1,2-propanediol even by the oral route.

PMID- 672487
TI  - [Repeated lower mesentericography in the evaluation of the effectiveness of
      radiotherapy of rectal cancer].

PMID- 672488
TI  - [Morphological and biochemical studies of rectal tumor tissue after radiation
      therapy].

PMID- 672489
TI  - [Early post-radiation reactions in combined treatment of patients with breast
      cancer].

PMID- 672490
TI  - [Dependence of the nervous system reactions in man on distribution of absorbed
      doses of ionizing radiation].

PMID- 672491
TI  - [In vitro radioisotope analysis in evaluation of corticosterone binding by the
      hepatocyte receptors].

PMID- 672492
TI  - [Effect of insulin on post-radiation adiposity of the bone marrow].

PMID- 672493
TI  - [Characteristics of a collimated beam of radiation of the gamma-therapeutic
      apparatus].

PMID- 672494
TI  - [Study of spectral characteristics of the dose field by the thermoluminescence
      method].

PMID- 672495
TI  - [Relationship between Pu-239 and various components of the bone tissue and the
      effect of DTPA on this relationship].

PMID- 672496
TI  - [Possibilities of using the "PIN-KHOL" collimator for aimed scintigraphy of lung
      tumors].

PMID- 672497
TI  - [Surgical transposition of the ovaries for reduction of radiation load in
      combined treatment of cervical cancer].

PMID- 672498
TI  - [Effect on ionizing radiation on the transport function in the intestine].

PMID- 672499
TI  - [Results of the radiation therapy of malignant kidney tumors].

PMID- 672500
TI  - [Clinical dosimetric substantiation of the field sizes in Chaoul's close-focus x
      ray therapy of skin cancer].

PMID- 672501
TI  - [Calibration dosage curves of chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes].

PMID- 672502
TI  - [Clinical picture of the initial recurrences of lymphogranuloma after a radical
      program of radiation therapy].

PMID- 672503
TI  - [Express diagnosis of the state of the liver polygonal system].

PMID- 672504
TI  - [Simultaneous direct x-ray and radioisotope lymphography].

PMID- 672506
TI  - [Dose distributions in eccentric irradiation (60Co)].

PMID- 672505
TI  - [Change in kidney function after abdominal aortography according to radioisotope
      study data].

PMID- 672507
TI  - [Possibilities of the radioisotope study of thyroid gland function in "blockade"
      by iodine and bromine preparations (based on data from the Buryat ASSR)].

PMID- 672508
TI  - [Multiprojection, sequential and dynamic scanning in liver and biliary tract
      diseases].

PMID- 672509
TI  - [Multiposition scintigraphy of the liver].

PMID- 672510
TI  - [Fractionation in radiation therapy].

PMID- 672511
TI  - [Combined therapy of disseminated forms of lymphogranulomatosis].

PMID- 672512
TI  - [Radioisotopic angiocardiography in the diagnosis of congenital heart defects].

PMID- 672513
TI  - [Experience in using the "Radplan" system for planning radiation treatment].

PMID- 672514
TI  - [Electrocardiographic indices in the radiation therapy of lung cancer].

PMID- 672515
TI  - [ECG change in the gamma therapy of esophageal cancer].

PMID- 672516
TI  - [Morphological changes in breast cancers of different histological structure
      after large-dosage preoperative irradiation].

PMID- 672517
TI  - [Radiosensitivity of human bone marrow cells that form fibroblast colonies in
      monolayer cultures].

PMID- 672518
TI  - [Gynecologic morbidity in those who have worked with continuous--action
      phosphors].

PMID- 672519
TI  - [Microdustribution and metabolism of 239Pu in the alveolar lung tissue after
      inhalation of a plutonium citrate complex].

PMID- 672520
TI  - [Acute radiation disease].

PMID- 672521
TI  - [Method of preparing the gas mixtures for performing hypoxic radiotherapy].

PMID- 672522
TI  - [Circulating blood changes in radiation therapy].

PMID- 672523
TI  - Two fatal cases of ethylene glycol poisoning.

PMID- 672524
TI  - Disseminated intravascular coagulation in forensic pathology.

PMID- 672525
TI  - To sterilize or not to sterilize?

PMID- 672526
TI  - The Brennan case: medicolegal insanity?

PMID- 672527
TI  - Deaths of drug addicts in London during 1970-4: toxicological, legal and
      demographic findings.

PMID- 672528
TI  - The deprived and starved child.

PMID- 672529
TI  - The probative value of bloodstains on clothing.

PMID- 672530
TI  - Alcohol associated mortality in Newcastle upon Tyne.

PMID- 672531
TI  - Authorization of the removal of cadaveric transplant material at common law.

PMID- 672532
TI  - Another domestic hazard.

PMID- 672533
TI  - The Sheffield medicolegal centre.

PMID- 672534
TI  - Mercury and lead content of human body tissues from a selected population.

PMID- 672535
TI  - Self-poisoning by the abuse of arsenic containing tonics.

PMID- 672536
TI  - Traffic light discoloration in cremated bones.

PMID- 672537
TI  - A preliminary investigation using p-nitrophenyl phosphate to quantitate acid
      phosphatase on swabs examined in cases of sexual assault.

PMID- 672538
TI  - The meaning of poisoning to a person diagnosed as a psychopath.

PMID- 672539
TI  - An analysis of 1,556 cases of doubtful paternity submitted for blood group
      investigation.

PMID- 672540
TI  - Legislation and injury control.

PMID- 672541
TI  - Some complications and medicolegal implications of radio-diagnostic procedures.

PMID- 672542
TI  - The submission of the British Academy of Forensic Sciences to the Royal
      Commission on Legal Services.

PMID- 672543
TI  - Medicine and Science in Sports: Policy statement regarding the use of human
      subjects and informed consent.

PMID- 672544
TI  - Hormonal and metabolic responses to exercise in subject of high and low work
      capacities.
AB  - Hormonal and metabolic responses to submaximal were studied in eight normal
      subjects. Four subjects had high maximal oxygen uptakes (455 +/- 0.49/min) and
      were classified as "fit" and four had low maximal oxygen uptakes (2.13 +/- 0.32
      1/min) and were classified as "unfit". All subjects exercised for 20 minutes at
      750 kpm/min on a cycle ergometer, which represented 35% and 85% of the maximal
      oxygen uptake for the fit and the unfit subjects respectively. The unfit subjects
      had a higher heart rate and CO2 output at the same oxygen uptake when compared
      with the fit group. There was a high blood lactate in the unfit subjects and also
      a greater rise in blood glucose, plasma cortisol and serum growth hormone during
      exercise in these subjects. Free fatty acids increased in the fit subjects, but
      not in the unfit and serum insulin was depressed in both groups. Thus, the
      cardiorespiratory fitness is an important determinant of the hormonal and
      metabolic response to submaximal exercise, which differed considerably when fit
      and unfit subjects exercised at identical absolute levels of power output. These
      differences have implications for the control of energy substrates used during
      exercise.

PMID- 672545
TI  - The effect of weight lifting exercise on heart rate and metabolism in experienced
      weight lifters.
AB  - Fifteen experienced weight lifters were investigated to examine the effects of
      weight exercise with variable intensity on heart rate and changes in arterial
      glucose, lactate and pyruvate, as well as serum total lipids, beta-lipoproteins,
      triglycerides, glycerol and free fatty acids. The highest value of heart rate
      were reached during repetitions (ca. 150 beats/min), during single maximal
      contraction only 120--130 beats/min. No important changes were found in lipid
      substrates or glucose, while lactate (x max: 4 mmol/l) and urivate (x max: 0.11
      mmol/l) increases were moderate. This type of training may be useful in the
      clinical rehabilitation of the locomotor system but it lacks importance for
      preventive or rehabilitation therapy of the cardiovascular system.

PMID- 672546
TI  - Specificity of run training on VO2 max and heart rate cganges during running and
      swimming.
AB  - To further evaluate the specificity of aerobic training, maximum physiologic
      measures (VO2, VE, HR, and R) and submaximal exercise heart rate were determined
      in control (N = 8) and experimental (N = 11) subjects prior to and following 10
      week interval run training. Experimental subjects significantly increased (P less
      than 0.01) treadmill VO2 max by 252 ml O2 or 6.3%. This was siginificantly larger
      (P less than 0.01) than the 87 ml O2 or 2.6% increase (P less than 0.05) observed
      during swimming. Max HR decreased significantly in both forms of exercise. In
      addition, heart rate at two submaximal work levels during running and swimming
      was significantly lower after training. No changes in metabolic and physiologic
      measures were demonstrated for the controls after the 10-wk period. These results
      further support the concept of the specificity of the metabolic adaptation to
      aerobic training and strongly suggest that local adaptations in skeletal muscle
      significantly contribute to improvement in VO2 max. However, running may produce
      a general training adaptation in maximal and submaximal heart rate.

PMID- 672547
TI  - Lower extremity forces and torques during systematic variation of non-weight
      bearing motion.
AB  - Component and resultant external forces and torques at ankle, knee, and hip
      joints of unrestrained lower extremity motion were computed as resultant limb
      velocities were systematically changed. Cinematographic and modeling techniques
      were used to analyze 45 trials of five skilled soccer players who performed slow,
      medium and fast velocity kicks. A model of the lower extremity was incorporated,
      with kinematic data and segment mass estimates, into computer programs to
      quantify the mechanical variables. Monotonic increases in magnitudes of all
      kinetic elements occurred as the velocity of kicking was increased. Significant
      differences were also observed in the maximum values of the net parallel and
      perpendicular external force actions, and resultant torques at the joints with
      changes in limb velocity.

PMID- 672548
TI  - Effects of pedalling rate changes on maximal oxygen uptake and perceived effort
      during bicycle ergometer work.
AB  - The present investigation determined the efficacy of progressively increased
      pedalling rate (P) or resistance (R) during assessment of maximal oxygen uptake
      (VO2max) on the bicycle ergometer. Twenty male and nine female university
      students performed randomly assigned discontinuous P and R maximal stress tests.
      Male subjects immedicately repeated each test within the same experimental
      session. Regardless of test protocol, VO2max was quite similar. Magnitude
      estimates of perceived effort were significantly lower for male subjects during P
      testing (P less than .05) and 80% of male subjects preferred P testing.
      Conversely, magnitude estimates were significantly lower for female subjects for
      R testing (P LESS THAN .05). P testing could be reliably repeated within the same
      experimental session whereas with R testing VO2max was significantly reduced (P
      LESS THAN .05). It was concluded that progressively increased pedalling rate
      offers a physiologically acceptable means to VO2max assessment on the bicycle
      ergometer for males and females. In addition, progressively increased pedalling
      rate offers a perceptually preferable means to VO2max assessment for males but
      not for females.

PMID- 672549
TI  - Abstracts of the 25th annual meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine.

PMID- 672550
TI  - A comparison of continuous and intermittent progressive multistage exercise
      testing.
AB  - Twelve male subjects were compared on continuous and intermittent treadmill test
      of identical exercise stages. Each stage was three minutes in duration. Oxygen
      uptake during minutes one and two was significantly lower in the intermittent
      test. Heart rate VE and R were lower and oxygen pulse greater during all three
      minutes at moderate and strenuous workloads and throughout recovery of the
      intermittent protocol. There were no significant differences in exercise minute
      three or recovery VO2 and blood pressure. Regression equations for the
      relationship between VO2 oxygen pulse heart rate, VE systolic blood pressure and
      workload during the third minute of exercise included curvilinear functions
      whereas the regression equations between VO2 and heart rate, and between R and
      workload were linear. Slopes of percent maximal heart rate vs.  percent percent
      maximal VO2 of the third minute were not different. Heart rate responded more
      rapidly to onset and cessation of exercise than did VO2. A near steady state was
      obtained during low and moderate workloads prior to minute three supporting the
      feasibility of reducing test time. Result suggest a slight advantage in
      intermittent testing compared to continuous testing for evaluating cardiovascular
      function and for exercise prescription.

PMID- 672551
TI  - Ultrasound examination of the prostate.

PMID- 672552
TI  - Acute respiratory failure. How to recognize it quickly--how best to handle it.

PMID- 672553
TI  - The treatment of acute respiratory failure without mechanical ventilation.

PMID- 672554
TI  - The acid-base map--an additional tool for dealing with a difficult problem.

PMID- 672555
TI  - Pulmonary embolism: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.

PMID- 672556
TI  - Differential diagnosis and management. Disseminated intravascular coagulation.

PMID- 672557
TI  - Treatment of hypercalcemia and hyperkalemia.

PMID- 672558
TI  - When to suspect sleep apnea--the "Pickwickian Syndrome".

PMID- 672559
TI  - Metabolic acidosis--diagnosis and treatment.

PMID- 672560
TI  - Two minutes with diabetes.

PMID- 672561
TI  - Electrocardiogram of the month. Concepts and lingo to clarify and learn. 9--the
      "wide QRS beat".

PMID- 672562
TI  - [Changes in ergometrically induced ischemic reactions during treatment].

PMID- 672563
TI  - [Clinical effectiveness of BQ 22-708, a pyridopyridazine derivative, in the
      treatment of fixed essential hypertension].

PMID- 672564
TI  - [Baycuten--clinical effects and tolerance].

PMID- 672565
TI  - [The behavior of serum electrolytes, erythrocytes, hemoglobin, creatinine and
      uric acid during long-term treatment with dehydro sanol tri].

PMID- 672566
TI  - [New therapeutic possibilities in amebic dysentery].

PMID- 672567
TI  - [Physician to high altitude expeditions in Asia].

PMID- 672568
TI  - [Neuropsychiatric symptoms in extra-cranial blood vessel stenoses].

PMID- 672569
TI  - [Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of destructive vertebral processes].

PMID- 672570
TI  - [Prevention, diagnosis and therapy of the bland struma].

PMID- 672571
TI  - [Diagnosis and therapy of hypothyroidism].

PMID- 672572
TI  - [New antithrombotic agents. Supplement or competition for the classical
      anticoagulants].

PMID- 672573
TI  - [Effect of the saluretic etozoline on the blood coagulation and fibrinolytic
      systems and other clinical parameters in healthy individuals].

PMID- 672574
TI  - [Piracetam--a drug for decreasing potency?].

PMID- 672575
TI  - [Forerunners and early stages of arteriosclerosis and their pathogeneses].

PMID- 672576
TI  - [Phylo and ontogenic texture disorders of the arterial wall as possible
      predisposing factors of atherogenesis].

PMID- 672577
TI  - [Transmission and scanning electron microscopy of the endothelial surface].

PMID- 672578
TI  - [Role of smooth muscle cells in the early stage of atherosclerosis].

PMID- 672579
TI  - [Incidence and morphology of early atherosclerotic changes in various vessel
      sections].

PMID- 672580
TI  - [Thrombus organization and atherosclerosis].

PMID- 672581
TI  - [Incidence of early atherosclerotic changes in various vascular regions of
      various age groups from the clinical viewpoint].

PMID- 672582
TI  - [Relationship between risk factors and the location of arteriosclerotic wall
      changes].

PMID- 672583
TI  - [Noninvasive methods for the early detection of arterial circulation disorders].

PMID- 672584
TI  - [Arvin--a new therapeutic agent].

PMID- 672585
TI  - [Morphological changes of thrombocytes following blood withdrawal and during
      thrombus formation].

PMID- 672586
TI  - [Acute erosion of the gastric mucosa in biopsy materials. Its etiology and
      pathogenesis].

PMID- 672587
TI  - [Study on the effect of Sibelium (flunarizine) in blood circulation disorders. A
      multicentric double-blind study].

PMID- 672588
TI  - [Various mechanisms of action of 2 new acid secretion inhibiting drugs:
      cimetidine and prostaglandins].

PMID- 672589
TI  - [Psychovegetative lability; a contribution to the covariation problem in
      psychophysiology (I)].

PMID- 672590
TI  - [Facilitation of indication and tactics of surgical procedures in diseases of the
      pancreas and the biliary tract by means of retrograde cholangiopancreatography].

PMID- 672591
TI  - [Kidney tolerance of cephalosporin antibiotics: cephoxitin and HR 756,
      experimental studies].

PMID- 672592
TI  - [Peripheral circulatory disorders in ergotamine poisoning].

PMID- 672593
TI  - [Psychovegetative lability, a contribution to the covariation problem in
      psychophysiology].

PMID- 672594
TI  - [Treatment of arterial diseases with trental 400. Results of a double-blind
      study].

PMID- 672595
TI  - [Adjuvant anorectic therapy--value and tolerance].

PMID- 672597
TI  - [Assistance in home dialysis].

PMID- 672596
TI  - [Wilson's disease with juvenile liver cirrhosis and death in acute dystrophic
      attack].

PMID- 672598
TI  - [Explanation of proverbs and interpretation of picture stories in psychoses].

PMID- 672599
TI  - [Functional cerebral hemodynamics under normal and pathological conditions].

PMID- 672600
TI  - [The fate of children with subdural hematomas during their infancy].

PMID- 672601
TI  - [Lactate acidosis in the cerebrospinal fluid in brain hemorrhage].

PMID- 672602
TI  - [Drivers' claims on their drug consumption and results of urine analyses].

PMID- 672603
TI  - [Intracranial leiomyoma].

PMID- 672604
TI  - [The importance of toxicology for clinical pharmacology].

PMID- 672605
TI  - [Psychopharmacologic agents in the treatment of pain in neurologic diseases].

PMID- 672606
TI  - [The interval treatment of migraine with nocertone].

PMID- 672607
TI  - [Et nolite conformari huic saeculo. Biblical nonconformism: the physician between
      technic and humanity].

PMID- 672608
TI  - State and regional distribution of psychiatric beds in 1976.

PMID- 672609
TI  - Changes in the age, sex, and diagnostic composition of the resident population of
      state and county mental hospitals, United States 1965-1975.

PMID- 672610
TI  - The indirect services: consultation and education and public information and
      public education, federally funded community mental health centers, 1975.

PMID- 672611
TI  - Triglyceride turnover in severe chronic non-nephrotic renal failure.
AB  - In 12 patients with chronic non-nephrotic renal failure (creatinine clearance 3.5
      11 ml/min) and 8 control subjects, plasma triglyceride turnover was studied. The
      patients showed significantly increased fasting triglyceride concentrations and
      absolute plasma triglyceride turnover rates, while the fractional turnover rate
      was significantly decreased. The finding of an elevated triglyceride turnover
      rate with a near normal fractional removal rate in the patients with the highest
      creatinine clearance suggests the involvement of an increased triglyceride
      synthesis rate in these patients. However, most patients showed an impaired
      removal mechanism as the major cause of the hypertriglyceridemia.

PMID- 672612
TI  - Palmitate and glucose oxidation by diaphragm of rats with fructose-induced
      hypertriglyceridemia.
AB  - Palmitate and glucose oxidation were investigated in isolated hemidiaphragm of
      rats in which hypertriglyceridemia was induced by dietary fructose. Palmitate
      oxidation was increased, and glucose oxidation was reduced, in fructose-fed rats,
      as compared with glucose-fed controls. Glucose incorporation into muscle glycogen
      was similar in both dietary groups.

PMID- 672613
TI  - Effect of dopaminergic blockade on the secretion of growth hormone and prolactin
      in man.
AB  - Serum growth hormone (GH) response to insulin and glucagon administration was
      studied in 12 male and 12 female volunteers under control conditions, and under
      treatment with pimozide and metoclopramide. In addition, serum prolactin levels
      were measured during the treatment period. Pimozide and metoclopramide
      administration had no effect on the GH response to insulin and glucagon. In
      contrast, serum prolactin levels increased markedly during the treatment period.
      Dopaminergic blockade is unable to affect GH secretion in response to insulin and
      glucagon administration in man.

PMID- 672614
TI  - Relations between dietary choline or lecithin intake, serum choline levels, and
      various metabolic indices.

PMID- 672615
TI  - Sex differences in the size of bile acid pools.
AB  - In view of the excess prevalence of gallstones among women and the association of
      gallstones with diminished bile acid pool size, we measured bile acid pools in 27
      male and 25 female healthy human volunteers. The average bile acid pool in the
      women was significantly smaller than in the men (2.25 +/- .12 g versus 2.88 +/-
      .16 g; p = 0.003). Chenodeoxycholic acid pool size, computed from bile acid
      composition data available in 43 of these subjects, was also smaller in women
      than men (0.94 +/- 0.06 versus 1.22 +/- 0.07 g; p = 0.004). Age, race, and body
      size bore no statistically significant relationship to bile acid pool size.
      Biliary cholesterol saturation was positively correlated with weight and obesity
      and showed a significant inverse correlation with chenodeoxycholic acid pool
      size, but not with total bile acid pool size. These findings suggest a possible
      mechanism for the higher prevalence of gallstones among women.

PMID- 672616
TI  - Effect of concurrent calcium ingestion on intestinal absorption of fluoride.
AB  - It has been suggested that calcium interferes with absorption of fluoride and
      that it diminishes the effect this ion has of increasing the bone mass when taken
      orally. Normal volunteers were given a combination of fluoride and calcium
      carbonate or fluoride alone, and serum levels of fluoride were measured to
      determine the effect, if any, of the concomitant administration of calcium on
      absorption of fluoride. The results indicate that 1.3 g of calcium, as the
      carbonate, decreases the integrated blood fluoride values by 22%.

PMID- 672617
TI  - The transport and metabolism of L-proline-14C in the rat in vivo.
AB  - The physiologic disposition, metabolic fate, and renal clearance of intravenously
      injected 14C-L-proline was determined in the rat. The disappearance of
      radioactivity from plasma occurred with a biphasic curve, the initial high levels
      reaching a nadir about 30 min after injection with subsequent increasing amounts
      of radioactivity. Examination of the 14C components in plasma revealed that 14C
      proline disappeared rapidly during the first 30 min. At this time, the labeling
      of circulating plasma proteins ensued and continued to increase during the
      following 45 min of observations. Plasma glucose became labeled 10 min after
      injection and, thereafter, increased its 14C content. The extensive labeling of
      plasma proteins and glucose accounted for the increasing 14C found in plasma 30
      min after injection. The course of radioactive labeling of brain, kidney,
      diaphragm, and liver was assessed. The greatest number of cpm/mg of tissue was
      found in the kidney. Determination of the distribution ratio, the ratio of cpm/ml
      intracellular nonprotein 14C to that in plasma in kidney revealed a peak of 3.9
      within 15 min, a value comparable to that found in vitro. Twelve percent of the
      administered radioactivity was excreted as 14CO2 within 180 min. The oxidation
      was inhibited by known transport and metabolic inhibitors, the greatest effect
      observed with hydroxyproline, followed in order by thioproline, 3,4
      dihydroproline, and glycine. The fractional urinary excretion of proline,
      Cproline/Cinulin, was determined and found to be 1% or less. This was increased
      by inhibitors, the greatest effect due to hydroxyproline followed in order by
      dehydroproline and glycine, a result similar to the observed extent of inhibition
      of proline oxidation to 14C O2. The physiologic disposition of proline was not
      altered by ligation of the renal vasculature.

PMID- 672618
TI  - Inhibitory effect of calcitonin on growth hormone and insulin secretion in man.
AB  - The effect of calcitonin administration on basal and arginine-stimulated growth
      hormone and insulin plasma levels was investigated. The intramuscular injection
      of synthetic salmon calcitonin (100 U MRC) in five normal subjects produced a
      significant decrease (p less than 0.05) in insulin concentration. The same amount
      of calcitonin given 15 min before an arginine infusion test in seven normal
      subjects significantly reduced the response of growth hormone (p less than 0.025)
      and insulin (p less than 0.005) to the stimulus.

PMID- 672619
TI  - Parathyroid hormone clearance in man.
AB  - The role of the kidney, liver, and bone and/or muscle, in the metabolic clearance
      of parathyroid hormone (PTH), has been examined in man. Serum was obtained from
      the femoral artery and the renal, hepatic, and femoral veins of nine
      hyperparathyroid patients undergoing selective venous catheterization. The
      concentration of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (IPTH) was measured in the
      samples by radioimmunoassay using an antiserum predominantly specific for the
      aminoterminal (N-terminal) portion of the PTH molecule. Gel filtration of
      hyperparathyroid sera demonstrated this antiserum to measure essentially only
      intact PTH. The mean arteriovenous (AV) difference measured across the liver was
      44%; across the kidney, 34%; and across the leg, 16%. These arteriovenous
      differences were all statistically significant (p less than 0.005). A significant
      positive correlation was found between the AV difference in IPTH across the
      kidney and the serum calcium concentration (r = 0.50, p less than 0.05). These
      studies suggest that both the liver and the kidney play major roles in the
      clearance of PTH in man and indicate that PTH is cleared by bone and/or muscle as
      well. The correlation observed between the serum calcium concentrations and the
      AV differences in IPTH across the kidney suggest that the rate of clearance of
      PTH in man may be modulated by changes in the concentration of serum calcium.

PMID- 672620
TI  - Detergent-solubilized NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase.

PMID- 672621
TI  - Two forms of liver microsomal cytochrome P-450, P-450lm2 and P-450LM4 (rabbit
      liver).

PMID- 672622
TI  - Purification of cytochrome P-450 and P-448 from rat liver microsomes.

PMID- 672623
TI  - Purification of adrenodoxin reductase, adrenodoxin, and cytochrome P-450 from
      adrenal cortex.

PMID- 672624
TI  - Hepatic microsomal mixed-function amine oxidase.

PMID- 672625
TI  - Purification of bacterial cytochrome P-450.

PMID- 672626
TI  - Purification of Rhizobium cytochromes P-450.

PMID- 672627
TI  - Bacterial P-450cam methylene monooxygenase components: cytochrome m,
      putidaredoxin, and putidaredoxin reductase.

PMID- 672628
TI  - Purification and assay of liver microsomal epoxide hydrase.

PMID- 672629
TI  - Reconstitution of the cytochrome P-450-containing mixed-function oxidase system
      of liver microsomes.

PMID- 672630
TI  - The measurement of difference spectra: application to the cytochromes of
      microsomes.

PMID- 672631
TI  - Genetic differences in microsomal electron transport: the Ah locus.

PMID- 672632
TI  - Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their metabolites by high
      pressure liquid chromatography.

PMID- 672633
TI  - Microsomal lipid peroxidation.

PMID- 672635
TI  - The measurement of omega- and omega-1 hydroxylation of fatty acids by mixed
      function oxidase systems.

PMID- 672634
TI  - Very long chain fatty acid alpha-hydroxylase from brain.

PMID- 672636
TI  - Detection of hemoproteins in SDS-polyacrylamide gels.

PMID- 672637
TI  - Analysis of drugs and their metabolites by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
      computer systems.

PMID- 672638
TI  - Hydrogen peroxide in hepatic microsomes.

PMID- 672639
TI  - delta-Aminolevulinic acid synthetase-sensitive methods in liver for hemoprotein
      biosynthesis.

PMID- 672640
TI  - Assay of microsomal heme oxygenase in liver and spleen.

PMID- 672641
TI  - Direct fluorometric methods for measuring mixed function oxidase activity.

PMID- 672642
TI  - Steroid hydroxylations catalyzed by cytochrome P-450.

PMID- 672643
TI  - Fluorometric and chromatographic methods for measuring microsomal biphenyl
      hydroxylation.

PMID- 672644
TI  - A peroxidase assay for cytochrome P-450.

PMID- 672646
TI  - New methods for isolation and characterization of hemes.

PMID- 672645
TI  - Radioactive assay of aryl hydrocarbon monooxygenase and epoxide hydrase.

PMID- 672647
TI  - Hemoglobin porphyrin modification.

PMID- 672648
TI  - Spectral characterization of human hemoglobin and its derivatives.

PMID- 672649
TI  - Methemoglobin reduction system of erythrocytes.

PMID- 672650
TI  - Physical methods for the study of myoglobin.

PMID- 672651
TI  - The use of perfusion of liver and other organs for the study of microsomal
      electron-transport and cytochrome P-450 systems.

PMID- 672652
TI  - Metal-substituted hemoglobin and other hemoproteins.

PMID- 672653
TI  - Peroxisomal redox enzymes.

PMID- 672654
TI  - Glutathione peroxidase and hydroperoxides.

PMID- 672655
TI  - Purification of plant peroxidases by affinity chromatography.

PMID- 672656
TI  - Isolation and use of liver cells.

PMID- 672657
TI  - Isolation of microsomal subfractions by use of density gradients.

PMID- 672658
TI  - Preparation of microsomes with calcium.

PMID- 672659
TI  - Purification of cytochrome b5.

PMID- 672660
TI  - Biological functions of hydroxylamine inactivated influenza virus.
AB  - Hydroxylamine inactivates members of the orthomyxovirus group. Studies with
      inactivated influenza virus indicate that the genome of such virus does not serve
      for the production of functional viral proteins. Additional evidence indicated
      that the genome may, however, undergo limited replication. These observations are
      correlated with the inactivation of influenza virus and the known mechanism of
      action of hydroxylamine.

PMID- 672661
TI  - [Microkymography--a method to measure the flow velocity in the microvascular bed
      after endotoxin administration (author's transl)].
AB  - In this paper the application of intravital microkymography on studies of the
      microcirculation of the hamster cheek pouch is presented. Flow velocity reduction
      which is one of the characteristic initial alterations in small blood vessels
      after injection of endotoxin is recorded in a direct way by the strip
      microkymography. The method of the recording system is described and some
      examples of the effects of endotoxin as well as of serotonin, one of the
      mediators of endotoxin, are given. The advantage of microkymography in
      quantitative and functional studies of endotoxic actions, e.g. flow velocity
      decreases and vessel diameter changes, is discussed.

PMID- 672662
TI  - Placental tissue registry important to health of future mothers and infants.

PMID- 672663
TI  - MSMS subcommittee promoting regionalized perinatal care in Michigan.

PMID- 672664
TI  - Maternal tissue registry vital link between obstetricians and pathologists.

PMID- 672665
TI  - It's up to MD to have efficient practice.

PMID- 672666
TI  - Manner in which arbitration offered key to its public acceptance.

PMID- 672667
TI  - Physicians and nurses planning together will best promote welfare of the patient.

PMID- 672668
TI  - Physicians must be selfish with statutes defining medicines.

PMID- 672669
TI  - Let us hope physicians don't permit mediocrities of socialized medicine.

PMID- 672670
TI  - Inhibition of growth and cell wall synthesis of Mycobacterium smegmatis by d
      threonine.

PMID- 672671
TI  - Demonstration of the physiological role of autolysis by a comparative study with
      a wild-type and its non-autolytic mutant of Micrococcus lysodeikticus (luteus)
      cultivated with externally added proteolytic enzymes.
AB  - The log phase cells of autolytic Microccus lysodeikticus (luteus) IFO 3333 did
      not autolyze when grown in the presence of trypsin although the growth curve and
      morphology of the cells were not influenced. A non-autolytic mutant was obtained
      by subculture of the wild-type strain IFO 3333 on an agar slant containing 1%
      glucose. The mutant (strain MT) was wild-type IFO 3333 which occurred singly or
      in irregular masses. The mutant MT grown in a culture medium containing trypsin
      caused remarkable alteration in cell morphology: large cell packets consisting of
      a number of "unit tetrads" arranged regularly in three dimensions were formed by
      the addition of trypsin to the medium. The findings suggest that inhibition of
      the separation of divided cells is brought about by inactivation or suppression
      of a cell wall autolytic enzyme which plays an important role in the separation
      step and is accessible to externally added trypsin in the mutant cells but not in
      the wild-type cells. The possibility that there are two kinds or phases of
      autolytic enzymes "a physiological autolytic enzyme" and "a  useless autolytic
      enzyme", is discussed.

PMID- 672672
TI  - Thymidine metabolism in cells treated with DNA-suppressing factor (DSF).
AB  - Inhibition of thymidine incorporation into DNA in cells treated with DNA
      suppressing factor (DSF) has been studied. After 16 hr treatment with DSF,
      transport of labeled thymidine across the cell membrane was not inhibited, since
      equilibrium of labeled thymidine with the acid-soluble pool occurred at the same
      rate and the radioactivity was at the same level as in untreated cells. The
      values of Vmax and Km in the kinetics of transport of exogenous thymidine were
      not changed by DSF. Phosphorylation of labeled thymidine to deoxythymidine
      triphosphate (dTTP) was not inhibited by DSF. After a chase of labeled thymidine,
      radioactivity of the acid-soluble fraction in DSF-treated cells decreased more
      rapidly but that of the acid-insoluble fraction remained at a lower level than in
      untreated cells. It was assumed that DSF might block the entry of dTTP into DNA.

PMID- 672673
TI  - Complement-dependent cytotoxicity of sera obtained from subacute sclerosing
      panencephalitis patients.
AB  - Human lymphoid cells (NC-37) persistently infected with either measles virus
      (Schwarz and TYCSA strains) or subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) virus
      (Halle and Mantooth strains) were destroyed in the presence of complement by anti
      measles sera as well as by sera from SSPE patients. The cytotoxic activity was
      demonstrated in both IgG and IgM fractions of measles convalescent sera, but only
      in IgG fraction of SSPE sera. Measles convalescent sera completely lost the
      cytotoxic activity to all the cell lines, when absorbed with any one of the cell
      lines, indicating that the viral surface antigens of these cell lines infected
      with measles or SSPE virus are identical. On the other hand, the cytotoxic
      activity of SSPE sera could not be readily absorbed with these cells. Thus, the
      affinity of SSPE sera for the viral surface antigens might be lower than that of
      measles convalescent sera.

PMID- 672674
TI  - Kinetics and mechanisms of macrophage activation by Corynebacterium anaerobium.
AB  - Kinetics and mechanisms of macrophage activation by heat-killed Corynebacterium
      anaerobium (CA) in mice were investigated. The carbon clearance test revealed
      that the function of the reticuloendothelial system rose markedly on the 4th day
      after a single intravenous injection of CA and continued in a highly enhanced
      state until the 14th day. This activity declined gradually and dropped to a
      normal level around the 21st day. On the other hand, both lysosomal enzymes, beta
      glucuronidase and acic phosphatase, of peritoneal macrophages decreased after the
      CA injection and then recovered, taking an almost inverse course to the function
      of the reticuloendothelial system. These results might be attributable to
      possible extracellular secretion of the lysosomal enzymes in accordance with
      macrophage activation by CA. A remarkable cytotoxicity of peritoneal macrophages,
      examined in vitro against L 929 cells, was detected on the 4th day following
      intraperitoneal administration of CA. It was maintained up to the 14th day and
      then declined rapidly. The mechanisms of macrophage activation by CA were also
      examined in vitro. CA-homogenate, heat-killed CA disrupted with an
      ultrasonicator, directly activated thioglycollate-induced macrophages. The
      macrophages were aslo activated by simultaneous treatment with both CA-homogenate
      and CA-sensitized spleen cells. Furthermore, the supernatant obtained from the
      culture of CA-sensitized spleen cells with CA-homogenate was capable of inducing
      activation of the macrophages. Conversely, the culture supernatant of spleen
      cells from CA-immunized athymic nude mice with CA-homogenate was unable to
      activate them. It was ascertained from the above-mentioned results that
      macrophages are activated initially by direct action of CA in a nonspecific way
      and subsequently by a soluble factor elaborated by CA-sensitized lymphocytes in
      an immunological way.

PMID- 672675
TI  - Inactivation of coliphage T2H by basic amino acids.

PMID- 672676
TI  - [Autotrophic growth of Microcyclus aquaticus in hydrogen].
AB  - Microcyclus aquaticus Z-238 which had been isolated as a methanol oxidizing
      culture was found to be capable of growth in the atmosphere of hydrogen, oxygen
      and carbon dioxide in the presence of yeast extract. Autotrophic growth of the
      culture in the atmosphere of hydrogen required biotin or casaminic acids.

PMID- 672677
TI  - [Development of a pure Methanosarcina biotype 2 culture on acetate].
AB  - A pure culture of the obligate anaerobe methanosarcina, biotype 2, was isolated
      using an original technique of dilution in agar and inoculation into a
      preliminarily reduced medium. Additional organic substances, in particular yeast
      extract, are necessary for germination of a small number of packets in the course
      of isolation. The methanosarcina can use, during several inoculations, acetate as
      a sole source of carbon and energy, and does not require hydrogen as the main
      substrate of catabolism. The organic substances being tested (with an exception
      of pyruvate, hemin and cysteine which somewhat increased the lag phase) had no
      significant effect on growth and production of methane. Apparently, the
      mechanosarcina, biotype 2, should be referred to as an individual species.

PMID- 672678
TI  - [Dependence of the rate of ferrous oxide oxidation by a Thiobacillus ferrooxidans
      culture on its concentration].
AB  - The effect of the concentration of ferrous iron on the rate of its oxidation was
      studied with Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. The specific rate of oxidation of ferrous
      iron was found to increase with its concentration and to decrease with a rise of
      the total iron content. Cultivation of bacteria with electrochemical reduction of
      Fe3+ produced high cell concentrations at a low content of total iron (4--6
      g/litre), e. g. upto 4.5 g/litre (dry biomass weight).

PMID- 672679
TI  - [L-glutaminase-asparaginase biosynthesis by a Pseudomonas boreopolis culture
      dependent on cultivation conditions].
AB  - The activity of deamidases of L-glutamine and L-asparagine of Pseudomonas
      boreopolis 526 was found to depend on the conditions of cultivation. The activity
      of L-glutaminase-asparaginase II (EC 3.5.1.38) decreased with an increase of the
      specific growth rate in the conditions of periodic cultivation and increased in
      the conditions of continuous cultivation. The activity of this enzyme was
      manifested mainly in the conditions of continuous cultivation at a rate of 0.1-
      0.2 hr-1 and a final nitrogen concentration of 0.006--0.025 g per litre of the
      medium. If the concentration of nitrogen was increased in these conditions,
      biosynthesis of L-glutaminase-asparaginase I was stimulated while the activity of
      L-glutaminase-asparaginase II was not detected at all.

PMID- 672680
TI  - [Effect of amino acids as sole nitrogen sources on exoprotease biosynthesis in
      Aspergillus candidus].
AB  - Aspergillus candidus produced an exocellular protease at a high rate in the
      absence of nitrogen sources. Nineteen amino acids were added separately as sole
      nitrogen sources to the medium to study their effect on biosynthesis of
      exoproteases. All the amino acids were found to repress the biosynthesis,
      arginine, histidine, lysine and ornithine being most effective among them.
      Repression of the biosynthesis of exoproteases in the presence of amino acids
      added as sole nitrogen sources is presumed to be accomplished by ammonium ions
      which are formed in the course of utilization of amino acids. The level of
      repression is proportional to the concentration of an amino acid in the medium.
      Amino acids have no effect on the activity of exocellular proteases synthesized
      by Aspergillus candidus.

PMID- 672681
TI  - [Effect of exogenous factors on extracellular alkaline ribonuclease synthesis in
      Bacillus mesentericus].
AB  - Bacillus mesentericus was found to assimilate nucleic acids as a source of
      nitrogen and phosphorus. Nucleic acids added to the medium as a source of
      nitrogen or phosphorus stimulated synthesis of ribonuclease. When washed
      bacterial cells were incubated for a short period of time in a fresh nutrient
      medium containing RNA, synthesis of RNAase was also induced. Synthesis of the
      enzyme was inhibited by high concentrations of chloramphenicol and actinomycin D,
      and stimulated by low concentrations of actinomycin D. Therefore, alkaline RNAase
      is an inducible enzyme which participates in the nutrition processes of bacteria.

PMID- 672682
TI  - [Flavin pool in Propionibacterium shermanii and the formation of corrinoids by
      bacterial cultures].
AB  - The content of flavins and vitamin B12 was studied in the cultures of
      Propionibacterium shermanii. The limited ability of propionic bacteria to
      synthesize 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole, the nucleotide base in the true forms of
      vitamin B12, was found to be caused by a deficiency of the biogenetic precursor
      (riboflavin). Exogenous 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole had no effect on the processes
      of flavinogenesis. In the absence of the nucleotide base, the yield of the true
      forms of vitamin B12 increased upon aeration of cultures which were grown for
      four days on an iron-deficient medium in the anaerobic conditions.

PMID- 672683
TI  - [Fatty acid and fractional makeup of the lipids of osmotolerant yeasts].
AB  - Osmotolerant yeast cultures differ in their fatty acid and fraction composition
      of total lipids from yeast cultures of the same or related species from other
      habitat. Their lipid fatty acids are represented by C14--C18 acids. Their
      fraction composition of lipids is characterized by a low content of free fatty
      acids and diglycerides and an elevated content of esters of sterines and wax. The
      fatty acid and fraction composition of lipids depend on the concentration of NaCl
      and the C/N ratio in the medium.

PMID- 672684
TI  - [Lipid fatty acid makeup of actinomycetes].
AB  - The composition of fatty acids was studied in ten species of the Actinomyces
      genus. All the cultures contained C12--C18 acids. Saturated branched acids
      prevailed. The fatty acid composition of the cultures Act. olivaceus and Act.
      violaceoruber changed in the course of their growth in the conditions of
      submerged cultivation. In the stationary phase of growth, the coefficient of
      branching increased upto three times as compared to the period of active growth.
      The content of saturated branched fatty acids increased upon addition of
      CoCl2.6H2O.

PMID- 672685
TI  - [Base composition and DNA content in single-cell Cyanobacteria].
AB  - The base composition and DNA content were determined in 19 strains of
      cyanobacteria. The content of GC varied within the range of 33.6 to 70.7 mol%,
      and the content of DNA, from 1.05 X 10(-14) to 28.7 X 10(-14) g per cell. The
      latter parameter almost directly depended on the cell volume. The cultures were
      subdivided into six groups according to the results obtained.

PMID- 672686
TI  - [Isolation, fractionation and comparative analysis of the cell membranes of the
      cyanobacterium, Anabaena variabilis].
AB  - A homogenate prepared from the protoplasts of Anabaena variabilis was
      fractionated by differential centrifugation and zonal electrophoresis. Four
      subcellular fractions were isolated and characterized with respect to their
      composition and morphology, two of them being of the membranous nature. Membrane
      visicles from the light, chlorophyll-containing fraction were identified as small
      fragments of thylakoids while the pigment-deficient, heavy membrane fraction
      seemed to be represented by fragments of the cytoplasmic membrane.

PMID- 672687
TI  - [Aqueous petroleum-oxidizing Arthrobacter].
AB  - Water petroleum oxidizing bacteria of Arthrobacter ceroformans as well as their
      lipid composition are described. On a medium containing hexadecane, all the
      strains produce wax in large amounts (upto 70% of total free lipids) consisting
      by 95% of cetyl palmitate. Fatty acids are represented mainly by palmitic acid
      but comprise also unsaturated C16:1 and C18:1 acids. Mycolic acids have not been
      detected. The significance of lipid composition for the identification of
      arthrobacteria is discussed.

PMID- 672688
TI  - [Microflora of the low-mineralized waters of the Truskavets deposit].
AB  - Waters of the Truskavetz deposit with a low content of mineral substances were
      found to contain considerable amounts of microorganisms; upto millions of cells
      per 1 ml. Sulphate-reducing, dentrifying and iron bacteria were detected in the
      waters. The following genera were represented and isolated: Pseudomonas,
      Bacillus, Nocardia, Arthrobacter, Brevibacterium, Corynebacterium, Micrococcus,
      Candida, Cryptococcus, Rhodotorula, Hansenula, Torulopsis, Trichosporon. Many of
      the studied strains assimilated C6--C10 and C12--C22 mixtures, industrial
      paraffins, naphthenic acids and their salts. The isolated bacterial and yeast
      strains were much more carbooligotrophic as compared to the museum strains of the
      same species; many of them were oligotrophic. The cells continued to grow in the
      course of storage of isolated water samples. The majority of isolated pure
      cultures grew upon inoculation into sterilized mineral water and caused a
      decrease in the content of organic substances.

PMID- 672689
TI  - [Seasonal fluctuations in the potential soil capacity for nitrogen fixation].
AB  - The nitrogenase activity of soils to which no energy-rich substances were added
      is low. This can be attributed to a low content of easily available organic
      substances. The potential activity of nitrogen fixation of the soils under study
      is different and changes with seasons. The highest ability for potential nitrogen
      fixation is displayed by soddy-calcareous and continuous-cultivated grey forest
      soils. The potential activity of nitrogen fixation in these soils correlates with
      the bacterial number on agar. Such a correlation is not observed in grey forest
      soils.

PMID- 672690
TI  - [Comparative phage sensitivity of R- and S-strains of Bacillus thuringiensis].

PMID- 672691
TI  - [Morphology of the multicellular, trichome bacterium, Caryophanon, in the process
      of growth on an agarized medium].

PMID- 672692
TI  - [Electron microscopic study of the surface of Actinomyces chrysomallus spores by
      the freeze etching method].

PMID- 672693
TI  - [Isolated water in desiccated microorganisms].
AB  - The presence of isolated mobile water in dehydrated eukaryotic microorganisms
      established earlier by NMR has been confirmed by direct chemical registration of
      this water in the yeast Cryptococcus albidus. This water constitutes several per
      cent of the dry biomass weight. Apparently, its preservation should be attributed
      to changes in the permeability of intracellular membranes upon dehydration. The
      water is released by the cells when they are heated to 150--200 degrees C and the
      cellular structures containing water are destroyed.

PMID- 672694
TI  - [Adenine-dependent mutants of Saccharomyces genus yeasts induced by ultraviolet
      rays].

PMID- 672695
TI  - [Natural variability of saprophytic mycobacteria].
AB  - The ratio of S, R and M variants was studied in 20 strains of six saprophytic
      mycobacterial species. The process of splitting of mycobacteria into variants by
      the shape of colonies was found to be different not only among species but also
      among strains of the same species. Such a heterogeneity of mycobacterial
      populations should be taken into account while working with these microorganisms.

PMID- 672697
TI  - Assessment in medical education.

PMID- 672696
TI  - [Thermophilic bacteria, Thermus ruber, that produce a bright orange pigment].
AB  - A non-sporeforming gram-negative bacterium isolated from soils of Africa was
      shown to belong to the species Thermus ruber in its morphologo-cytological and
      physiologobiochemical properties. It differed from the Thermus ruber species
      described elsewhere (Loginova et al., 1975; Loginova and Egorova, 1975) only on
      colour: the former contained a bright-red pigment while the latter produced
      bright-orange pigments.

PMID- 672698
TI  - The quality and educational value of medical records--a survey of student
      opinion.
AB  - In July 1975 clinical students at the Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine were
      asked to complete a questionnaire, including questions on medical records. Full
      and accurate recording of clinical information was considered an important
      characteristic of the good physician, but less important for success as a medical
      student. Students felt they should be given more instruction on the writing of
      medical records and that teachers should pay more attention to students' notes.
      Review of students' notes is a valuable method of teaching clinical medicine;
      teachers can ensure that patients are the focus of learning and can encourage
      students to simulate real clinical practice.

PMID- 672699
TI  - Introducing instructional objectives in Indonesian medical schools.
AB  - This paper reports on the responses of nearly 600 Indonesian medical academics,
      from ten different medical schools, to a series of 2 week workshops in
      educational science. These workshops set out to help participants: (a) to acquire
      skills in constructing educational objectives, at all levels, from those of the
      institution to those connected with a particular course; and (b) to develop
      positive attitudes towards the use of these skills in curriculum design and
      planning. The results demonstrate that the workshops helped most participants to
      meet the above objectives. The instructional model chosen and the reasons for its
      effectiveness have been discussed. It has been concluded that the development of
      basic educational skills can be acquired in a relatively short, condensed
      workshop, by a large number of participants: that is, the approach is feasible
      and economical for large numbers. It has also been shown that concepts of 'modern
      educational technology' are acceptable in a socio-cultural context with very
      different practices and traditions from those within which most applications of
      educational technology in medicine have been achieved. The results have general
      implications for the training of health workers in developing countries.

PMID- 672700
TI  - A trial of multiple choice examination in pharmacology.
AB  - An account is given of the introduction of MCQ in an Indian Medical institution
      in 1974/75. Preliminary results suggest that the reliability coefficient of MCQs
      rises with their difficulty, and that Pearson-type coefficient indicates a higher
      degree of correlation with essay marks than do Spearman coefficients. A 'student
      assessment response' taken with standard item analysis technique may be of value
      in assessing questions for future use.

PMID- 672701
TI  - A comparison of student performance in two parallel physiology tests in multiple
      choice and short answer forms.
AB  - Two parallel tests in physiology, one in multiple choice answer form and one in
      short answer form, were administered consecutively to a group of 104 students.
      The construction of the questions in the two papers and marking schedules were
      such that if the form of examination did not influence the students' performance,
      the scores obtained in the two papers could be expected to be closely similar.
      The results indicate that the form of the question influences the students'
      performance significantly. The short answer format offers certain advantages over
      the multiple choice format and it would appear that greater use should be made of
      this type of question in testing at medical schools.

PMID- 672702
TI  - Group teaching for final year students in Mosul, Iraq.

PMID- 672703
TI  - The work of the student doctor: a pilot project.

PMID- 672704
TI  - Medical and social work student perceptions of deviant conditions: descriptive
      label, cause and help source.
AB  - The focus of this paper is on medical and social work student perceptions of the
      descriptive label, cause and treatment source for seven conditions; mental
      illness, mental subnormality, alcoholism, drug addiction, homosexuality,
      unmarried pregnancy and venereal disease. Responses to questionnaire items were
      examined to ascertain whether there were differentials by career choice (medicine
      and social work) and by class year (first and final year). The students indicated
      that the seven deviancies should be described as sick or handicapping conditions,
      that causes are social and psychological, and that treatment should be given by
      private and social sources. When reference to medical aspects of the conditions
      is made, the students select psychiatric rather than general medical options.
      Both medical and social work students tended to choose neutral, rather than
      negative and stigmatizing terms of reference for the conditions. While students
      in the different school years made similar response overall, multiple responses
      were much more frequent among those preparing for social work rather than medical
      careers and among students in their final year of schooling.

PMID- 672705
TI  - Utilization of feedback from student evaluation of teachers.
AB  - Students who had completed a part of the medical course rated their teachers on a
      multiple choice-type questionnaire. Each teacher was provided with data from his
      own rating, and also the mean rating for all teachers, on each item. Six of these
      teachers were re-rated after a year by the next group of students who followed
      the same course. Positive change, often significant, was observed in the majority
      of instances. Such change was not, however, confined to behaviours previously
      hypothesized to be easily amenable to improvement on feedback. There was evidence
      of a tendency to unidirectional change within each teacher across most
      behaviours, some showing predominantly positive and others predominantly negative
      change at the second evaluation. These results are discussed in relation to the
      need for counselling following such evaluations. The second evaluation lent
      itself to determining the possibile existence of a 'halo effect' arising from
      students of one ethnic group evaluating teachers of the same ethnic group. Such
      an effect was found to be absent. The reliability of the measurements was tested
      in serveral ways.

PMID- 672706
TI  - The St Andrews MD (1935-1972).
AB  - The St Andrews MD, 1935--1972, has been investigated. The number of awards has
      declined and the porportion of doctors proceeding to MD has also declined. The
      average time between the award of the MD ChB degree and the MD degree was 11
      years. About one third of the awards were at the Honours or Commendation grade.
      Only two doctors gained Honours in both the MB ChB and the MD. A smaller
      proportion of women gianed an MD degree, but of those that did a similar
      proportion received Honours or Commendation as in the male group. Laboratory
      based studies are more likely to attract the higher grades of award compared with
      clinically based studies. Subsequent achievement areas show almost half the
      graduates to be in clinical or laboratory hospital work, 15% in administrative
      posts, 27% in academic posts but only 5% in general practice. Even less are in
      industry or the services.

PMID- 672707
TI  - The contribution of the general practitioner to undergraduate medical education.

PMID- 672708
TI  - Do the peptide hormones common to intestine and brain participate in the genesis
      of epilepsy?
AB  - It is suggested that the peptide hormones common to the brain and intestine
      provide a physiological basis to the hypothesis that acute gastroenteritis during
      the first postnatal month may be associated with spontaneous epileptogenic
      activity in EEG and lowered seizure threshold in adult age.

PMID- 672709
TI  - Cancer as a systemic disease.
AB  - Theories on the nature of cancer may be classified into two categories. One
      regards cancer strictly as a local phenomenon while the second looks at cancer as
      a local manifestation of a systemic process or disease. Although the first
      dominates current medical thought, the theories of immunological surveillance and
      of protovirus-oncogene implicitly assume cancer to represent a local
      manifestation of a systemic process or disease. This is supported also by
      epidemiological data forwarded in the present paper. In order to clarify the
      exact meaning of a systemic disease, cancer and its manifestation are compared
      with arteriosclerosis and its sequelae. Arteriosclerosis could be regarded as a
      prototype of a systemic disease. It presents itself clinically solely by its
      local manifestations, like myocardial infarction or stroke. These local
      manifestations may be followed by secondary systemic sequelae like congestive
      heart failure. In the same context, it is proposed to regard cancer as one
      systemic disease which presents itself clinically by local phenomena like
      carcinoma, lymphoma and sarcoma. These local manifestations may lead further to
      secondary systemic sequelae like metastasis.

PMID- 672710
TI  - A new concept of renal hemodynamics.
AB  - Observations which show that urine output can vary with changes in the contour of
      the pulse cure, that it can even increase while the mean blood pressure falls
      during counterpulsation, that the well known hypertensive effect of a renal
      artery stenosis can also be produced by an aneurysm of the renal artery, cannot
      be explained by orthodox concepts of renal hemodynamics. The anatomical fact that
      the afferent glomerular arteriole is about twice as large as the efferent has so
      far not been adequately explained. The hypothesis that the combination of
      pulsatile flow and the unique anatomical configuration of the glomerulus permit a
      hydraulic switching mechanism which modifies profoundly its perfusion explains
      these questions.

PMID- 672711
TI  - Self and non-sense: an organism-centered approach to immunology.
AB  - This paper provides a conceptual framework to accommodate important recent
      developments in immunology (genetic determination, cellular interactions,
      suppression). The basic idea is to look at the immune system as a closed network
      of interactions which self-determines its ongoing pattern of stability and its
      capacities of interaction with its environment. Thus, all immune events are
      understood as a form of self-recognition, and whatever falls outside this domain,
      shaped by genetics and ontogeny, is simply nonsensical. This paradigm, stemming
      from the ideas of Jerne, represents almost a logical inversion of the Burnetian
      idea of self-discrimination. A detailed discussion of the immunological evidence
      that substantiates this view is presented, together with some new concepts
      (eigenbehavior, cognitive domains). Although the paper is addressed to biologists
      and immunologists, we make extensive use of system-theoretic notions in a non
      mathematical form (recursion, nets and trees, self-organization).

PMID- 672712
TI  - Recurrent extreme breast involution following pregnancy and susceptibility to
      breast cancer: a hypothesis.
AB  - Nine multiparous women were found to have breast development resembling the
      prepubertal "flat-chested" state. During their pregnancies, the breasts of all
      nine women had developed and enlarged, and five had successfully nursed for two
      or more months. The remaining four women did not attempt to breastfeed. Following
      cessation of lactation in the women who had breastfed, and after delivery in
      those who had not suckled, the breasts of all nine women completely regressed to
      their prepregnant "flat-chested" physical state. Based on the findings of normal
      health and regular menses in these women, we hypothesize that the breast
      epithelium of these and other flat-chested women may have an elevated threshold
      of estrogen sensitivity in the nonpregnant state which may reduce susceptibility
      to mechanisms of carcinogenesis.

PMID- 672713
TI  - Whale strandings: hypothesis.
AB  - The hypothesis is presented that whales become stranded inadvertently as a
      consequence of seeking stimulation. The animals enter shallow water in order to
      roll over, bask, and rub themselves in the sand, and are trapped by the receding
      tide. It suggested that stimulation-seeking behavior (and stranding) reflects a
      general sympathetic nervous system response which may be due to a number of
      factors such as pain, discomfort, reproductive state, and other biorhythmic
      changes.

PMID- 672714
TI  - On the definition, cause and nomenclature of cancer.
AB  - Definitions and terms currently employed in the nomenclature of cancer are
      examined and found inadequate or misleading. It is suggested that the two
      entirely different processes involved in cancer, namely, neoplastic
      transformation and neoplastic disease, be clearly distinguished and rigorously
      defined. It is also suggested that proper terms and expressions to describe these
      processes be adopted and clearly defined.

PMID- 672715
TI  - Will elevated levels of lead exposure precipitate clinical symptoms of porphyria
      in individuals with the latent condition?
AB  - Individuals with excessive activity of the enzyme ALA-S due to either inherited
      disorder (i.e. porphyrias) or endogenous (i.e. steroids) or exogenous (e.g.
      barbituates) chemical agents and who are exposed to elevated levels of lead are
      predicted to have a significantly enhanced likelihood of experiencing either
      enhanced or precipitated clinical symptoms (e.g. photosensitivity) associated
      with elevated levels of porphyrins or their precursors in body tissues. In light
      of the widespread societal use of ALA-S inducing agents and the ubiquitous nature
      of lead in the environment, a more precise assessment of the health risks
      associated with their interaction is warranted.

PMID- 672716
TI  - Speaking personally.

PMID- 672717
TI  - Combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy for the treatment of small cell carcinoma
      of the lung.
AB  - Twenty-nine (88%) of 33 patients who were treated with multiple drug chemotherapy
      and radiotherapy for small cell carcinoma of the lung showed significant
      improvement in their clinical condition and quality of life. Treatment was well
      tolerated and toxicity was acceptable.

PMID- 672718
TI  - Nutrient consumption patterns of families in Busselton, Western Australia.
AB  - Nutrient consumption data were obtained from 211 members of 41 families living in
      the coastal town of Busselton, Western Australia. It was found that food
      consumption patterns were similar in boys and girls up to the age of 11 years.
      After that, as expected, males consumed more food than females. There was a
      general tendency for daily kilojoule intakes to be considerably less than the
      Australian Dietary Allowances for all age groups with the exception of males aged
      from 35 to 55 years. There was a significant prevalence of obesity in the
      subjects who were studied, particularly in the older groups of both sexes. The
      results suggest that, in the older adult groups, failure to make concessions to
      decreased levels of physical activity by modifying appetite and customary eating
      practices is a major factor which contributes to obesity.

PMID- 672719
TI  - Down with high blood pressure.

PMID- 672720
TI  - The developing countries and medical research.

PMID- 672721
TI  - Smoking and health.

PMID- 672722
TI  - The penicillin treatment of syphilis.

PMID- 672723
TI  - New evidence concerning smoking and health.

PMID- 672724
TI  - Tattoo removal with laser.

PMID- 672725
TI  - Blood pressure testing pilot study: evaluation.

PMID- 672726
TI  - Pain relief in labour.

PMID- 672727
TI  - Effect of cannabis on driving.

PMID- 672728
TI  - Disopyramide for cardiac arrhythmias in children.

PMID- 672729
TI  - Risks in laparoscopic sterilization.

PMID- 672730
TI  - The effect of labetalol in the treatment of severe drug-resistant hypertension.
AB  - Twenty-two hypertensive patients from a large clinic, who were resistant to
      conventional therapy, were entered into this study. Most patients previously had
      received beta-blocking drugs, thiazide diuretics, alpha-methyl-dopa, or
      vasodilator drugs (hydrallazine or prazosin) which failed to control their blood
      pressure. The therapy with vasodilator drugs was discontinued, and the therapy
      with labetalol (a drug with both alpha-blocking and beta-blocking effect) was
      commenced. Subsequently, as the blood pressure came under control, other drugs
      that the patients were taking were also withdrawn. In 13 of the 22 patients,
      labetalol enabled the blood pressure to be controlled at acceptable levels. In
      six patients, the response was not considered to be sufficient to justify
      continuation of labetalol therapy. In three patients, the drug was withdrawn
      because of postural hypotension in one patient, intractable diarrhoea in another,
      and an allergic-type skin rash in the third. In certain patients, postural
      changes in blood pressure were observed, but this rarely produced symptoms. It is
      suggested that, if blood pressure control is not achieved with a thiazide
      diuretic and a beta-blocking drug, then labetalol should be introduced and the
      beta-blocking drug should be withdrawn.

PMID- 672731
TI  - The treatment of paracetamol overdose with charcoal haemoperfusion and
      cysteamine.
AB  - A 53-year-old female was admitted to hospital one hour after taking an overdose
      of 60 g of paracetamol and 960 mg of codeine. Two hours after ingestion of the
      drug, the plasma concentration of paracetamol was 3040 mumol/l. In view of the
      enormous, and potentially fatal, plasma concentration of the drug, charcoal
      haemoperfusion was undertaken as well as cysteamine therapy. Charcoal
      haemoperfusion and cysteamine therapy led to the rapid removal of the paracetamol
      from the body and consequently prevented the development of severe hepatic
      necrosis. It is suggested that charcoal haemoperfusion as well as cysteamine has
      a role in the management of severe overdosage with paracetamol. This is the first
      report on the use of charcoal haemoperfusion for acute poisoning in Australia.

PMID- 672732
TI  - Labetalol in hypertensive emergencies.
AB  - Labetalol, a combined alpha-blocking and beta-blocking agents, was administered
      by intravenous bolus to six severely hypertensive patients. The blood pressure
      response was unsatisfactory in every case. It is concluded that intravenous
      administration of labetalol is not useful in hypertensive emergencies which occur
      in patients who are already receiving other antihypertensive agents.

PMID- 672733
TI  - A study of 208 patients in premature labour treated with orally administered
      salbutamol.
AB  - Orally administered salbutamol (8 mg every six hours) is a simple, acceptable and
      effective method of inhibiting labour. Of 208 patients, 89.4% had pregnancy
      prolonged for longer than two days. The pregnancy was prolonged for one week in
      77.5%, and for two weeks in 66.8% of patients. Tremor and anxiety occurred in
      68.3% of patients, and tachycardia greater than 110 beats per minute in 21.2%,
      but these proved tolerable if the patient was forwarned. Haemorrhages, both ante
      partum, and post partum, were apparently reduced. Glycosuria and pre-eclampsia
      were uncommon. Urinary oestriol levels were not significantly altered. Perinatal
      mortality was 58 per 1000 live and still births. The babies were active at
      delivery, but prone to hypothermia. The incidence of respiratory distress
      syndrome (4.1%) was low, particularly in babies born within four hours of the
      last salbutamol administration. Low Apgar scores were also uncommon in this
      group.

PMID- 672734
TI  - Treatment of intestinal amoebiasis and giardiasis; efficacy of metronidazole and
      tinidazole compared.
AB  - Aboriginal children who were aged from six to nine years and living in Cherbourg
      Community were treated for Giardia Lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica infection
      with either the manufacturer's recommended dose of metronidazole (Flagyl) or with
      tinidazole (Fasigyn), at two-dose levels. Tinidazole successfully cleared both
      protozoans from stools, a single dose being as effective as the longer regimens
      which were studied. The obvious advantage of single-dose administration is that
      it should permit more effective treatment of these intestinal parasites,
      especially in Aboriginal populations.

PMID- 672735
TI  - The Mallory-Weiss lesion: a five-year experience.
AB  - A retrospective survey has been made of patients with the Mallory-Weiss lesion
      who presented with upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding during the period 1972
      to 1976. The lesion was diagnosed endoscopically in 78 cases, representing 7.7%
      of the total number of patients admitted with upper gastrointestinal tract
      bleeding. Patients ranged in age from 18 to 86 years (mean 43 years). The male
      female ratio was 3:1. A history of retching and vomiting clearly preceded the
      bleeding in 60 patients. Significant alcohol intake within 48 hours of bleeding
      was reported in 53% of patients. Other upper gastrointestinal tract conditions,
      or migraine, may have induced vomiting in some instances. Previously known
      Mallory-Weiss lesions were rare (two patients), but 21% of patients had well
      documented past upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding from other causes. The
      tears were situated at the cardio-oesophageal junction in 47% of patients and
      were entirely gastric in 30%; 23% were oesophageal. Blood replacement was
      required in 31 patients (40%), and 16 of these were transfused with five or more
      units. Of those patients requiring transfusion, half had other significant
      pathological lesions. The mean hospital stay was four days and prolonged stay in
      hospital was usually necessary only in the presence of other disease. In no
      instance was surgery required primarily to control bleeding from mucosal tears.
      This study suggests that the Mallory-Weiss lesion is a relatively common cause of
      upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding, but that it is usually a benign condition,
      unless it complicates some other disorder.

PMID- 672737
TI  - Trials of the pharmaceutical industry.

PMID- 672736
TI  - Training medical students to empathize: an experimental study.
AB  - Research has indicated that patients are greatly concerned about the poor quality
      of doctors' interpersonal communication skills, but such training is infrequently
      incorporated into medical education. An experimental study, which used a
      commercially available training programme, is described. Undergraduate medical
      students were the subjects of the study, and their ability to empathize was
      assessed in the actual interview. Results indicated that training was effective
      in increasing the students' levels of empathy.

PMID- 672738
TI  - Hospital accreditation and Australian hospitals.

PMID- 672739
TI  - Decision-making in professional associations.

PMID- 672740
TI  - Don Quixote and the students.

PMID- 672741
TI  - What's happening to the exams?

PMID- 672742
TI  - Colorectal cancer: the challenge of early detection.

PMID- 672744
TI  - Small-group teaching in microbiology: 1. Objectives.

PMID- 672743
TI  - Speech pathology.

PMID- 672745
TI  - Milan Brych and the medical profession.

PMID- 672746
TI  - Sick doctors.

PMID- 672747
TI  - Cholestyramine in treatment of congenital chloride diarrhoea.

PMID- 672748
TI  - Methadone.

PMID- 672749
TI  - Case of a swollen foot.

PMID- 672750
TI  - Studies of intravenous cefoxitin (MK306).
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of cefoxitin, a new cephamycin antibiotic, were studied in
      six patients who were undergoing total hip replacement, and who were given
      cefoxitin to provide prophylactic cover at the time of operation. Later, the
      efficacy of cefoxitin was studied in nine patients with severe acute infections.
      The mean elimination phase half-life of cefoxitin which was obtained in this
      study (83 to 87 minutes) was significantly longer than that obtained in other
      studies. Cefoxitin was also found to be effective in lung and urinary tract
      infections against sensitive organisms. It was well tolerated, and the only side
      effect was that of phlebitis in long-term therapy. Cefoxitin may be valuable for
      prophylactic use in bowel and orthopaedic surgery.

PMID- 672751
TI  - Gardner's syndrome: a report of two Western Australian families.
AB  - Patients from two families are reported who exhibited features of Gardner's
      syndrome: familial polyposis coli; epidermoid cysts; and osteomata. The
      difficulty in defining this syndrome, its clinical features and suggested
      management are discussed. Follow up has been difficult in one family because of
      the late age at which lesions developed, and because family members have moved
      interstate. The premalignant potential of Gardner's syndrome is emphasized.

PMID- 672752
TI  - Concurrent exptraperitoneal and intracaval rupture of an abdominal aneurysm.
AB  - A case is reported in which concurrent intracaval and extraperitoneal rupture of
      an abdominal aortic aneurysm was found. While intracaval rupture is uncommon, but
      well documented, leakage at two different sites is very rare. The presentation
      and management is briefly discussed.

PMID- 672753
TI  - Diagnosis of parasitic infections of the small intestine by the Enterotest
      duodenal capsule.
AB  - A method for the diagnosis of giardiasis and strongyloidiasis by the Enterotest
      duodenal capsule is described. The method has a greater reliability than does the
      examination of stool specimens. Results of a study of 36 patients are reported.

PMID- 672754
TI  - [Myocardial infarction "with angiographically normal coronary arteries (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Within a cohort of 121 patients with clinical picture and electrocardiographic
      pattern of myocardial infarction four cases (3%) had normal coronary arteried
      demonstrated by selective coronary angiography. Two patients revealed no risk
      factors, two patients were heavy cigarette smokers. Mean age of patients was 34
      years. Exact analysis of clinical, hemodynamic and angiographis data confirmed
      assumption of regional myoaggressive myocarditis as the underlying disease in one
      patient and suggested regional myocarditis with high probability in another case.
      The two other patients however could not be classified as having coronary or
      primary myocardial disease. The investigation suggests that some cases with the
      clinical and electrocardiographic pattern of "myocardial infarction" with normal
      coronary arteries may be due to regional myoagressive myocarditis.

PMID- 672755
TI  - [The normalizing effect of ECG in exercise tolerance tests under molsidomine in
      different dosages (author's transl].
AB  - In 15 patients with coronary heart disease and typical ST-segment depression
      during and/or after increasing physical effort in supine cycloergometry the
      normalizing effect of different dosages of Molsidomine on the electrocardiogram
      under effort was investigated in 74 exercise tolerance tests. Already after
      application of 0,5 mg Molsidomine there was observed a significant positive
      effect in comparison to an identical workload without drug. The normalizing
      effect was further increased by raising the dosage ot 1 mg or 2 mg respectively.
      To the administration of 3 mg only 1 out of 10 patients in the trial responded
      with an additional normalizing effect on the ECG since the rest of the patients
      showed already normal ECGs on 2 mg. This dose relationship also was observed in
      the pressure-rate-product. There was a dose-dependent decrease from which we can
      conclude a relief of the working myocardium. Under effort without drug 13 of 15
      patients complained about stenocardia. Under the same effort and under
      Molsidomine however there were no more of these complaints. Because of these
      results it is recommended to use 2 mg of Molsidomine as a dosage in daily
      routine. It is needed 2 or 3 times dialy since in previous investigations there
      was shown a long-lasting effect over more than 5 hours. 3 out of 15 patients
      showed side effects which were only weak headache or weak congestion in the head.

PMID- 672756
TI  - [Lethal course of myocarditis successive to polymyositis].
AB  - The clinical course and post mortem findings of a 57 year old woman stuffering
      from polymyositis are reported. Besides the symptoms of the inflammatory
      musculoskeletal process the myocardial involvement finally gaines importance
      leading to the fatal outcome. Therefore the indication to early preventive
      pacemaker implantation is recommended in all cases of myocardial involvement with
      symptoms of conduction defects.

PMID- 672757
TI  - [Diagnosis of arterial hypertension].

PMID- 672758
TI  - [The significance of the evocative test in the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis
      (author's transl)].
AB  - To evaluate the predictive value of the evocative test (E.T.) in the diagnosis of
      pancreatitis, the E.T. was performed in 35 healthy subjects (group I), 65
      patients with a presumptive clinical of chronic pancreatitis (group II), and 52
      patients with proved chronic pancreatitis (group III). In group I, false positive
      results were obtained in 11,4% of the patients, the increase in lipase above the
      upper limit of normal was relatively small. The patients of group II gave
      abnormal E.T.'s in 63%, reduced faecal chymotrypsin activities being found in
      40%, and steatorrhea in 28% of the cases. Positive E.T.'s were associated with
      abnormal chymotrypsin and faecal fat determinations in 51% and 27%, respectively.
      In group III,, a positive E.T. was obtained in 60%, the test results show a
      signifikant negative correlation with the extent of pancreatic exocrine
      insufficiency. In group of patients with confirmed chronic pancreatitis but
      without steatorhea, the E.T. was positive in 72%. The E.T. has a limited value in
      the diagnosis of early stages of chronic pancreatitis.

PMID- 672759
TI  - [Clinical experiences with a disposable biopsy set according to Menghini for
      percutaneous liver biopsy (author's transl)].
AB  - The handling and reliability of a new disposable biopsy set (Hepafix) have been
      evaluated in 170 percutaneous liver biopsies according to the technique of
      Menghini. In comparison with the conventional multiple biopsy set the new set
      provides several advantages discussed in the paper. The wider use of the
      disposable liver biopsy set may contribute to the prevention of transmission of
      hepatitis.

PMID- 672760
TI  - [Hints on clinical testing of drugs following the new drug law].

PMID- 672761
TI  - [Sputum tests for the diagnosis of respiratory tract infections].

PMID- 672762
TI  - [Clinical experience with the cardiac glycoside Gitoformat (author's transl)].
AB  - Gitoformat, a new derivate of Gitoxin, was tested with 50, mainly geriatic
      patients with a manifested cardiac insufficiency. The initial treatment as well
      as a changeover from the usual glycosid-treatment after a renewed decompensation
      was without any problems. With a rate of success of 95 per cent the efficiency of
      this new glycosid can be classified as excellent. Side effects or incompatibility
      were consequences of overdosage. It is remarkable that also patients with a
      reduced renal function did not need a reduction in dose. At 10 patients the
      recompensation with Gitoformat continued after discharge over an observation
      period of 6 months. The maintenance dose had not to be changed, incompatibility
      or overdosage reactions didn't appear.

PMID- 672763
TI  - [The influence of quinidine on serum digoxin concentrations (author's transl)].
AB  - We were able to demonstrate a significant rise of serum digoxin concentrations
      (SDC) under simultaneous quinidine-glycoside therapy. The reason for this
      elevation is not yet known. In vitro studies under addition of quinidine showed
      no influence on the SDC-values measured by a tritium-labelled radioimmunoassay.
      The mean SDC of 18 patients under simultaneous quinidine therapy was 2.39 +/-
      0.84 ng/ml (3.06 +/- 1.08 nmol/l) compared to a mean SDC of 1.23 +/- 0.74 ng/ml
      (1.57 +/- 0.95 nmol/l) of 11 patients without quinidine therapy (p less than
      0.001). Both groups of patients received the same maintenance dose and showed no
      obvious impairment of renal function and no significant difference in mean body
      weight. Our results suggest that part of the great number of adverse reactions
      seen under a combined glycoside-quinidine therapy might be due to the elevated
      SDC-values. For these patients a low-normal glycoside maintenance dose and an
      early reduction of the quinidine dose is recommended.

PMID- 672764
TI  - [Autopsy findings in a case of fatal dextran reaction (author's transl)].
AB  - A report of fatal dextran reaction is presented. A patient who had had a stable
      circulatory status developed massive systemic venous congestion and irreversible
      cardiac arrest after receiving an infusion of approximately 50 ml of dextran
      solution. Autopsy showed total occlusion of the pulmonary circulation as a result
      of precipitation of the dextran-blood mixture. Similar occlusion was demonstrated
      in capillaries in the kidneys, spleen and cardiac musculature. Death occurred
      during acute, right-sided heart failure. Pathogenetically a type III allergic
      reaction with precipitation of antigen antibody complexes in the presence of
      excess antibody is suspected. In cases such as this one, with no history of prior
      exposure to dextran, sensitization may have occured with a substance sharing
      antigenic properties with dextran.

PMID- 672765
TI  - [Arrhythmias. Diagnosis and therapy. Hemiblock and heart block representations].

PMID- 672766
TI  - [Effect of estrogen upon thyroid metabolism (author's transl)].
AB  - During enhanced endogen estrogen production (pregnancy) as well as during exogen
      estrogen application a rise occurs in TBG concentration in serum, which seems to
      be dose related. Simultaneously with the TBG there is an increase in total T4 and
      T3; the concentrations of the free T4 and T3 however decrease. Towards the end of
      pregnancy AFT4 is significantly decreased, compared to the controls, AFT3 being
      in the lower normal range. The lower concentrations of the free hormones are also
      documented by a decline in the T4/TBG and T3/TBG ratios. Normal basal TSH
      concentration in serum suggest a metabolic state which is still compensated. Oral
      contraceptives with low estrogen content have no influence on TBG, T4 and T3
      concentrations.

PMID- 672767
TI  - [Dose-effect relationship of orally administered Pyritinol in the chronic organic
      brain syndrome (author's transl)].
AB  - 161 patients with the chronic organic brain syndrome (average age 64 years) were
      treated with various oral doses of Pyritinol for various periods of time.
      Statistical analysis of the data by means of "Konfigurationsfrequenzanalyse"
      showed that the success rate of treatment increases significantly with increasing
      dose and duration of the treatment. This means that the recommended daily dose
      should be exceeded if - for example at the start of treatment and in severe cases
      or in hospitalized patients - there is no immediate clear improvement in the
      condition. From the point of view of method this study shows that a retrospective
      analysis of a group of patients treated in a clinic can also provide interesting
      results and appropriately supplement controlled studies.

PMID- 672768
TI  - [Thyroid hormones].

PMID- 672769
TI  - [Clinical experience with a column chromatographic method for the determination
      of CK-MB activity].

PMID- 672770
TI  - [Prerequisites for the achievement of reliable clinical chemistry analysis
      results].

PMID- 672771
TI  - [Serum creatinine determination using a simple kinetic technic at the Eppendorf
      enzyme measurement site 5080].

PMID- 672772
TI  - Changes in the coroner's law.

PMID- 672773
TI  - Protection induced by inactivated influenza virus vaccines with
      polymethylmethacrylate adjuvants.
AB  - Nanocapsules from a copolymer of polymethylmethacrylate and polyacrylamide were
      tested for adjuvant activity in mouse protection experiments with inactivated
      influenza virus as antigen. Viruses were either adsorbed on the capsules after
      polymerization or added to the monomers and incorporated by copolymerization
      after X-ray initiation. Both preparations showed enhanced immunity as compared to
      fluid vaccine, if the adjuvant content was 1%. The adjuvant effect was comparable
      to that caused by the mineral adjuvant Al(OH)3. After dilution of the polymer the
      adjuvant effect was lost. Such synthetic polymers at suitable concentrations
      could serve as alternatives to mineral adjuvants.

PMID- 672774
TI  - [Use of strips suspended from sticky trapping papers in the indoor collection of
      sandflies].

PMID- 672775
TI  - [Detection of cases of strongyloidiasis in Chernigov Province].

PMID- 672776
TI  - [Natural foci of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Central Asia and the
      problems of the district division of the geographical range of Leishmania major].

PMID- 672777
TI  - [Landscape and epidemiological analysis of the immunological structure of the
      rural population of the cis-Baikal region (natural foci diseases)].

PMID- 672778
TI  - [Attempts to infect Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latr.) ticks with the rabies
      virus].

PMID- 672779
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics of dimethylphthalate].

PMID- 672780
TI  - [Experimental infection of Ades caspius caspius Pall. mosquitoes with the Tahyna
      virus].

PMID- 672781
TI  - [Characteristics of lipid metabolism in experimental diphyllobothriasis].

PMID- 672782
TI  - [Comparative effectiveness of bemosat and difezil in gangyleterakidiasis and
      trichocephaliasis in white mice].

PMID- 672783
TI  - [Periods of development and life span of Trichocephalus muris Schrank, 1788 in
      white mice].

PMID- 672784
TI  - [Spread and control of parasitic diseases in the Republic of the Sudan].

PMID- 672785
TI  - [Cardiovascular system in pernicious anemia].

PMID- 672786
TI  - [Importance of central venous catheter in cardiologic intensive care].

PMID- 672787
TI  - [Recognition of infantile diarrhea caused by Candida albicans].

PMID- 672788
TI  - [Changes in the electrocardiogram of rats recovering from deep hypothermia].

PMID- 672789
TI  - [Retention of urine and the beginning of the 1st spontaneous micturation in early
      puerperium].

PMID- 672790
TI  - [Radical surgery during pregnancy for carcinoma of the neck of the uterus].

PMID- 672791
TI  - [Apexcardiogram of the right atrium in the evaluation of pulmonary hyertension].

PMID- 672792
TI  - [Osteoporotic changes in women in the climacteric and menopause].

PMID- 672793
TI  - [The behavior of some electrolytes and hormones of the adrenal gland in various
      respiratory diseases in childhood].

PMID- 672794
TI  - [Epithelial neoplasms of the ovary].

PMID- 672795
TI  - [Neurocybernetic aspects of muscle tonus regulation].

PMID- 672796
TI  - [Lumbar syndrome in the neuropsychiatric service and problem of evaluating
      working ability].

PMID- 672797
TI  - [Analysis of drug utilization: a method of evaluation of pharmacotherapy].

PMID- 672798
TI  - [Result of medical rehabilitation after fracture of the patella. Studies at the
      Institute for Medical Rehabilitation of the Medical School at Novi Sad].

PMID- 672799
TI  - [Research results on the nutritional status of children from 7 months to 5 years
      of age in the area of Merosina, with special reference to the serum protein
      complex].

PMID- 672800
TI  - [Logitudinal study of various anthropometric data in children 7 to 10 years of
      age in Novi Sad].

PMID- 672801
TI  - [The staphylococcal flora of the nose and immediate hypersensitivity in
      obstructive disorders of the upper respiratory tract].

PMID- 672802
TI  - [XYY syndrome in a 15-year-old boy].

PMID- 672803
TI  - [Use of histochemical methods in the diagnosis of Gaucher's disease].

PMID- 672804
TI  - [Pseudocysts of the pancreas--our cases].

PMID- 672805
TI  - [Hypertensive uveitis. (Our diagnostic and therapeutic studies)].

PMID- 672806
TI  - [Morphologic characteristics of the spermiogram at the Clinic for Gynecology and
      Obstetrics in Novi Sad (1969--1976)].

PMID- 672807
TI  - [First aid, care of patients and the significance of the cerebrovascular attacks
      in emergency medicine].

PMID- 672808
TI  - [Socialist Association of Workers in Vojvodina and the delivery of health care].

PMID- 672809
TI  - Holographically stored x-ray images: gray-tone reproduction.
AB  - Storage of radiographs by holographic means is analyzed with emphasis on its gray
      tone reproduction characteristics. The density range and number of gray-tone
      levels is found to be limited by random scattering in the holographic medium. The
      behavior is described quantitatively and is in satisfactory agreement with
      experimental data. Gray-tone resolution is shown to be reduced by speckle noise.
      It is shown that there exists a trade-off between speckle reduction and
      reproduced density range.

PMID- 672810
TI  - Establishment of a beam line at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory for
      proton radiography.
AB  - A proton beam is extracted from the 200-MeV linear accelerator at the Fermi
      National Accelerator Laboratory to investigate the efficacy of proton radiography
      in medical diagnosis. Fluence rates from 2 X 10(3) to 2 X 10(5) protons/cm2s over
      a 28-cm diameter field are obtained with a full width at half-maximum beam-energy
      spread of less than 3.61 MeV. The system is designed to radiography most parts of
      the human body, including the head, with high-speed screen-film as the imaging
      medium. Beam extraction and test results along with the medical implications of
      the beam quality are reported.

PMID- 672811
TI  - Plastic scintillation filament detector system for 14CO2 breath-analysis tests.
AB  - A 14CO2-measuring system for breath-analysis tests is described which utilizes
      plastic-scintillator filaments as radiation-detector elements. The 14C
      radioactivity in expired breath is measured directly, thus eliminating the need
      for trapping and counting of liquid scintillation-counting solutions. Total CO2
      concentration in expired breath is measured by an infrared detector, making no
      assumption of endogenous CO2 output and enabling results to be expressed as
      either a concentration (percentage of administered dose per unit of CO2) or total
      expired 14CO2. Advantages of this system over an ionization chamber are:
      significantly lower background variation and shorter breathing time to fill
      completely the detecting chamber with expired air. The system is easy to operate,
      transportable on a small cart to the patient's bed if necessary, and applicable
      for continuous monitoring of 14CO2 in experimental animal studies.

PMID- 672812
TI  - An empirical equation for screen MTFs.
AB  - An empirical equation is described which accurately fits intensifying-screen MFT
      data within the accuracy of the MTF measurements. The equation is S (u) = 0.5
      erfc[alpha1n(u/u0)]. The equation was fitted to data for 27 intensifying screens.
      Graphical and numerical results are presented. The maximum standard error was
      0.02 and typical standard error was 0.01. Comparisons between results for three
      experimenters are also presented.

PMID- 672813
TI  - The relationship between resolution and speed of x-ray intensifying screens.
AB  - Two important physical characteristics of x-ray intensifying screens, speed and
      resolution, are inversely related. However, the exact mathematical relationship,
      if any, between them is not known. To investigate this matter, a simple model is
      considered, which predicts that the product of the equivalent passband Ne and the
      square root of the speed is constant for a given phosphor material and given
      film. This relationship is found to be in excellent agreement with experimental
      data. The papper concludes with a discussion of the generalized validity of this
      relationship.

PMID- 672814
TI  - Correction for beam hardening in computed tomography.
AB  - Corrections for beam-hardening artifacts in computed tomography can be made by
      using a model which assumes that water and bone mineral are the only constituents
      of tissue. With this model, a correction factor for the measured transmission
      values can be calculated such that the reconstructed attenuation coefficients
      have values corresponding to a monoenergetic source of known energy. Systematic
      errors in the uncorrected attenuation coefficients, which may be 5%, can be
      reduced to less than 1% if corrected transmission values are used.

PMID- 672815
TI  - Fast and slow neutrons in an 18-MV photon beam from a Philips SL/75-20 linear
      accelerator.
AB  - Fast- and slow-neutron contamination in an 18-MV photon beam from a Philips SL/75
      20 linear accelerator has been measured. Aluminum and indium foils were activated
      to determine fast- and slow-neutron  fluence, which were largely independent of
      field sizes. Measured fast-neutron fluences were typically 13.9 X 10(4) and 4.4 X
      10(4) neutrons/cm2/rad of x ray inside and 5 cm outside the field, respectively.
      Slow-neutron fluences, 1.3 X 10(4) neutrons/cm2/rad of x ray, remained relatively
      constant inside and outside the field. The reported results are about three times
      higher than neutron fluences recently reported with a betatron operated at the
      same energy.

PMID- 672816
TI  - Hazards to the eye lens and gonads from hard beta rays.
AB  - Considerable attention has been paid to the protection against x and gamma
      radiation but comparatively less stress has been given to the possible hazard due
      to external radiation from high-energy beta rays. In order to evaluate the
      magnitude of this hazard, central-axis depth doses at different source-to-skin
      distances for 90Sr-90Y and 32P sources were measured. Isodose curves in a
      testicular phantom for a 90Sr-90Y source were measured. The data of Haybittle for
      144Ce for 10 cm SSD has been included. From the measured data, the eye-lens
      epithelium dose may be as high as 51%, 21.5%, and 82%, respectively, for the
      three sources instead of 15% as has been conventionally assumed. The isodose
      curves obtained in the testicular phantom indicate that an appreciable amount of
      testicular tissue can be subjected to radiation exposures. The radiation hazards
      due to high-energy beta rays are not negligible and considerable care should be
      exercised while using these sources.

PMID- 672817
TI  - Modification of electron-beam dose distributions by transverse magnetic fields.
AB  - By applying a transverse magnetic field to a dosimetry phantom, an incident high
      energy electron beam is made to follow a spiral path in the course of slowing
      down. Certain levels, determined by the electron energy and the magnetic field
      strength, will be traversed several times by the same electrons. The net result
      of this process is an enhancement of the depth dose in relation to the entrance
      dose, and a more sharply defined depth of penetration. Experiments with 50- and
      55-MeV electrons traversing a 20.5-kG field are shown to support the predictions
      of a detailed Monte Carlo calculation.

PMID- 672818
TI  - Therapy unit setting calculation.

PMID- 672819
TI  - Calculators in treatment planning.

PMID- 672820
TI  - Image analysis of the heart action recorded with a high speed multicrystal gamma
      camera.
AB  - The use of a high speed scintillation gamma camera for recording and an adequate
      bolus injection technique during first pass of a radionuclide tracer provides
      significant information about the function of the heart chambers. The computer
      stored information can be processed to get easy interpretable images and
      parameters for detailed diagnosis. With special procedures the statistical noise
      of the zones of the images with low count rates can be suppressed, allowing use
      of smaller quantities of radionuclide, thereby reducing radiation for the
      patient.

PMID- 672821
TI  - Surface investigations of oxide layers on cobalt-chromium-alloyed orthopedic
      implants using ESCA technique.
AB  - The uppermost monolayers of a metal implant are far more important for the
      corrosion resistance than the alloy itself. Using electron spectroscopy for
      chemical analysis (ESCA) technique these oxide layers on Vitallium specimens were
      investigated regarding thickness, elemental composition, and valence state of the
      elements. The oxide layers on metal implants are not very strong, as they can be
      easily damaged mechanically. According to environmental conditions, oxide layers
      of different elemental composition can be grown on the same specimen.

PMID- 672822
TI  - A portable precision pumping system for chronic, programmed insulin infusion.
AB  - This paper provides some details of a new insulin delivery system which includes
      a reservoir, a pump and a power pack. The reservoir holds 50 ml and is coupled to
      a precision peristaltic pump whose delivery can be set to any one of 128
      different mean flow rates from 0 to 80 microliter/min (+/- 1.6% over 10 months)
      using the flow rate controller included in the battery power pack. The system
      weighs 525 g consuming 60 mW at the maximum pumping rate, proportionately less at
      lower rates. Ten pumps have undergone bench tests for 30 days. One has been
      subjected to an extended life test of 11 months while seven complete systems have
      been used on dogs to demonstrate their capability for precise longterm
      intravenous insulin therapy. With this system experimental diabetes has been
      reversed in 4 dogs for periods now extending beyond 6 months. This device now
      qualifies for long-term studies on hospitalized patients with diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 672823
TI  - Design and development of a comprehensive computer system for radiotherapy
      departments.
AB  - An analysis of computer requirements in radiation therapy departments is
      presented. The performance and structure of an effective computer system designed
      for large or small radiotherapy departments are described. The system is composed
      of two or three sets of minicomputer-based subsystems of which can be operated
      alone or connected to other subsystems. The size of the system can be adjusted to
      the size of the radiotherapy department. The system covers treatment planning,
      automatic control, and record processing.

PMID- 672824
TI  - Heat and mass transfer of a thermal indicator in pulsatile flow through the
      cardio-pulmonary system. I. Modeling.
AB  - The construction of a physico-mathematical model which describes the mechanism of
      indicator dispersion in the circulation and which fits the thermal dilution
      curves (TDC) is presented. Because of its more evident physical meaning,
      formulation of the problem in terms of heat and mass transfer is preferred to
      stochastic theory. Hypotheses necessary to simplify the general system of
      governing equations are clearly defined and discussed. This deductive method
      leads to a one-dimensional convective heat transfer model in which pulsatility
      and form of injection appear naturally. Simulations of TDC in constant and
      pulsatile flow cases are performed on a digital mini-computer which demonstrates
      the model's ability to represent different experimental or clinical observations.
      This will facilitate hemodynamic parameter identification from TD techniques and
      will increase the accuracy of this identification.

PMID- 672825
TI  - Heat and mass transfer of a thermal indicator in pulsatile flow through the
      cardio-pulmonary system. II. Identification of cardiac output.
AB  - Hamilton's celebrated formula for cardiac output measurement is simple but its
      validity is dependent on several methodologic requirements which are not
      generally fulfilled, particularly in thermal dilution. A quite different method,
      based on a physico-mathematical model of the indicator dispersion in the
      circulation, is proposed. It allows direct derivation of cardiac output once the
      model's parameters have been identified. Combined deconvolution and least squares
      procedures are used with truncated data for this identification. Numerical tests
      and application to clinical observations are presented. Both limitations and
      possibilities of further developments in estimation of pulsatile flow conditions
      from TD technique are discussed.

PMID- 672826
TI  - [Quantification of the respiratory syndrome in the newborn].

PMID- 672827
TI  - [Clinical cards for the newborn infant. An unsolved problem].

PMID- 672828
TI  - [Schoenlein-Henoch syndrome. Clinico-statistical contribution].

PMID- 672829
TI  - [Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome. Description of 2 cases and review of the
      literature].

PMID- 672831
TI  - [Hereditary lymphedema (Milroy's disease). Case contribution].

PMID- 672830
TI  - [Incomplete prepyloric obstruction. Description of 2 cases with neonatal onset of
      symptoms].

PMID- 672832
TI  - [Extraction of intra-esophageal foreign bodies. Technical note].

PMID- 672833
TI  - [Serum and erythrocyte magnesium in newborn infants].

PMID- 672834
TI  - [Auxometric review of Tuscan newborn infants].

PMID- 672835
TI  - [Mucoso-cutaneous vegetating candidiasis of unusual size. Immunological study of
      a case].

PMID- 672836
TI  - [A possible case of oculo-urethro-synovial syndrome in childhood].

PMID- 672838
TI  - [Critical review of methods of early diagnosis in neonatal neuropsychiatry].

PMID- 672837
TI  - [Problems concerning adrenal function during prolonged corticoid treatment in
      patients with chronic hepatitis. Preliminary note].

PMID- 672839
TI  - [Congenital hypertrophic stenosis of the pylorus in the newborn. Observations of
      2 cases with early onset].

PMID- 672840
TI  - [Psychogenic enuresis. Brief considerations and therapeutic prospects].

PMID- 672841
TI  - [Family counselors].

PMID- 672842
TI  - [Growth of the diabetic child. Personal case].

PMID- 672843
TI  - [ABO alloimmunization].

PMID- 672844
TI  - [Clinico-pathological study of the causes of perinatal and neonatal mortality.
      Preliminary findings for the years 1975-1976].

PMID- 672845
TI  - [Neonatal screening program. Personal experience].

PMID- 672846
TI  - [Semiotic and etiopathogenetic studies on meconium ileus].

PMID- 672847
TI  - [The "hyperexcitable" newborn infant].

PMID- 672848
TI  - [alpha-Thalassemia. Description of 3 cases].

PMID- 672849
TI  - [Familial neuro-hormonal diabetes insipidus. Study of 3 clinical cases].

PMID- 672850
TI  - [Anterior sterenoclavicular luxation in a newborn infant].

PMID- 672851
TI  - [Bartter's syndrome. Current prospects of nosographic classification and new
      therapeutic possibilities].

PMID- 672852
TI  - [Treatment with DDAVP in central diabetes insipidus. Review of our experience].

PMID- 672853
TI  - [Treatment of enteritis with kanendomycin].

PMID- 672854
TI  - [Efficiency and secretion of insulin in obese children. Study using a
      mathemetical model].

PMID- 672855
TI  - [Transport of high-risk newborn infants to a neonatal intensive therapy unit].

PMID- 672856
TI  - [Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and drug therapy of labor].

PMID- 672857
TI  - [Updating the normal auxological values of children in Calabria based on the
      measurements of 1974-1975-1976. Number of cases : 15068].

PMID- 672859
TI  - [An experimental human society: the Saralyn community].

PMID- 672858
TI  - [Oxygen consumption, release reaction and formation of malondialdehyde in the
      platelets of newborn infants following addition of thrombin].

PMID- 672860
TI  - [Pituitary dwarfism in cleft lip and cleft palate. Clinical case].

PMID- 672861
TI  - [The Schonlein-Henoch syndrome with renal involvement. Personal cases].

PMID- 672862
TI  - [A case of congenital megakaryocytic thrombopenia associated with multiple
      malformations].

PMID- 672863
TI  - [Bacterial pyuria in the neonatal age. Case studies].

PMID- 672864
TI  - [Clindamycin-2-palmitate in infantile pharyngotonsillitis].

PMID- 672865
TI  - Organizing to contain health care costs: the Minnesota Medical perspective.

PMID- 672866
TI  - Hemi-facial spasm a microsurgical approach.

PMID- 672867
TI  - Skateboard injuries.

PMID- 672868
TI  - Acupuncture in treatment of chronic pain and post-lumbar puncture headache. One
      year's experience.

PMID- 672869
TI  - Aims of diagnosis and management of patients with arthritis.

PMID- 672870
TI  - Clonazepam in the treatment of epilepsy.

PMID- 672871
TI  - On death.

PMID- 672872
TI  - Myocardial infarction: thrombotic or metabolic?

PMID- 672873
TI  - Coarctation and hypertension. A collective review.

PMID- 672874
TI  - Microsurgical treatment of intracranial aneurysms.

PMID- 672875
TI  - Leiomyosarcoma fo the rectum with hepatic metastasis. Case report.

PMID- 672876
TI  - Clinical hazards of powerful diuretics. Furosemide and ethacrynic acid.

PMID- 672877
TI  - An installment sale can cut the tax tab on your investment profits.

PMID- 672879
TI  - Internal parasitisms in captive birds.

PMID- 672878
TI  - Considerations when purchasing a practice.

PMID- 672880
TI  - Johne's disease (paratuberculosis).

PMID- 672881
TI  - Derman cryptococcosis in a cat.

PMID- 672882
TI  - Equine radiology-the stifle.

PMID- 672883
TI  - Ergot toxicosis.

PMID- 672884
TI  - DMSO for dogs.

PMID- 672885
TI  - A special court for small taxpayers.

PMID- 672886
TI  - Economics and treatment of parasitic diseases in dairy and beef cattle.

PMID- 672887
TI  - Myxoma of the equine respiratory tract.
AB  - Bronchial myxoma occurred in an aged Arab mare with longstanding respiratory
      disease wrongly attributed to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Blood gas
      and maximum intrathoracic pressure change measurements were not consistent with
      this latter diagnosis, and this was supported by aerosol antigen provocation
      tests. Radiography demonstrated a hilar mass in the thorax, and this proved to be
      a myxoma at necropsy.

PMID- 672888
TI  - Endometritis and uterine rupture in a bitch.

PMID- 672889
TI  - Warble-infested cattle attacked by starlings.

PMID- 672890
TI  - The postoperative radiograph in orthopedic surgery.

PMID- 672891
TI  - Congenital defects in calves.

PMID- 672892
TI  - Shoulder and hip lameness in horses.

PMID- 672893
TI  - Temperate and virulent forms of phage theta attacking Bacillus licheniformis.

PMID- 672894
TI  - Four mutants of Micrococcus radiodurans defective in the ability to repair DNA
      damaged by mitomycin-C, two of which have wild-type resistance to ultraviolet
      radiation.

PMID- 672895
TI  - The stable carriage of two TnA units on a single replicon.
AB  - Bacterial plasmids which contain a copy on TnA are refactory to the uptake of a
      second by transposition. However plasmids containing two such copies can be
      constructed by in vitro recombination techniques. Some plasmids containing two
      copies of TnA have been obtained by conventional transposition, but in all cases
      they arose by the virtually simultaneous insertion of both units into a replicon
      that carried no TnA. All stable plamids containing two copies of TnA carried the
      transposons in opposite orientation.

PMID- 672896
TI  - Molecular relationships of degradative plasmids determined by in situ
      hybridisation of their endonuclease-generated fragments.
AB  - Plasmid inter-relationships were studied by hybridisation of a radioactively
      labelled DNA probe to endonuclease-derived fragmentation patterns of plasmids
      bound to a nitrocellulose filter. The degradative plasmids SAL and NAH were found
      to be very closely related, but probably one did not give rise to the other by
      just a single deletion or insertion. Relationships between SAL and other
      degradative plasmids are complex; substantial homology was found with TOL and
      other plasmids encoding toluate dissimilation and significant homology was found
      with OCT.

PMID- 672897
TI  - Chromosomal gene transfer of human cytosol thymidine kinase into mouse cells:
      integration or association of the transferred gene with a non-homologous mouse
      chromosome.

PMID- 672898
TI  - Mutants altered in the control co-ordinating cell division with cell growth in
      the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
AB  - The control co-ordinating cell division with cell growth has been investigated in
      the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Twenty-five mutants altered in this
      control have been isolated which have the same growth rate as wild type but
      divide at a smaller cell size. The mutants define two genes wee 1 and wee 2, both
      of which are involved in a control initiating mitosis when the cell attains a
      critical size.

PMID- 672899
TI  - Orientation of "plus" genes at the mating-typing locus in homothallic fission
      yeast.
AB  - Results of four crosses are presented which indicate that, in Schizosaccharomyces
      pombe the plus segment of the mating-typing locus is regulated from a central
      position, in between of the plus and the minus segment. This conclusion is based
      on the mapping of a plus-restraining entity r, which is revealed by recombination
      in certain crosses, or by mutation to unstabe negative strains. To this end, a
      meiosis-defective mating-type mutation was used as a marker for the plus segment,
      by taking advantage of its suppressibility by a nonsense suppressor. This
      suppressibility was substanitated by an additional cross.

PMID- 672900
TI  - Cloning and characterization of EcoRI and HindIII restriction endonuclease
      generated fragments of antibiotic resistance plasmids R6-5 and R6.
AB  - DNA fragments generated by the EcoRI of HindIII endonucleases from the low copy
      number antibiotic resistance plasmids R6 and  R6-5 were separately cloned using
      the high copy number ColE1 or pML21 plasmid vectors and the insertional
      inactivation procedure. The hybrid plasmids that were obtained were used to
      determine the location of the EcoRI and HindIII cleavage sites on the parent
      plasmid genomes by means of electron microscope heteroduplex analysis and agarose
      gel electrophoresis. Ultracentrifugation of the cloned fragments in caesium
      chloride gradients localized the high buoyant density regions of R6-5 to
      fragments that carry the genes for resistance to streptomycin-spectinomycin,
      sulfonamide, and mercury and a low buoyant density region to fragments that carry
      the tetracycline resistance determinant. Functional analysis of hybrid plasmids
      localized a number of plasmid properties such as resistances to antibiotics and
      mercury and several replication functions to specific regions of the R6-5 genome.
      Precise localisation of the genes for resistance to chloramphenicol, kanamycin,
      fusidic acid and tetracycline was possible due to the presence of identified
      restriction endonuclease cleavage sites within these determinants. Only one
      region competent for autonomous replication was identified on the R6-5 plasmid
      genome and this was localized to EcoRI fragment 2 and HindIII fragment 1.
      However, two additional regions of replication activity designated RepB and RepC,
      themselves incapable of autonomous replication but capable supporting replication
      of a linked ColE1 plasmid in polA- bacteria, were also identified.

PMID- 672901
TI  - Fertility inhibition in Rhizobium lupini by the resistance plasmid RP4.
AB  - R plasmid RP4 inhibits the fertility of R. lupini. An RP4 carrying R. lupini
      donor strain is no longer capable of transferring chromosomal genes. After loss
      of RP4 the R. lupini fertility reappears. Plasmid RP4 spontaneously mutates at
      high frequency in R. lupini. RP4 mutants which do not inbibit fertility were
      isolated. These mutants were always transfer-defective, too. It is postulated
      that the genetic information for fertility inhibition in R. lupini is a
      substantial part of the transfer unit of the RP4 plasmid.

PMID- 672902
TI  - Genetical studies on revertants to sensitivity from a cycloheximide resistant
      strain of Schizosaccharomyces pombe.
AB  - Six UV induced cycloheximide-sensitive revertants were isolated from the cyh1-C7
      strain of Schizosaccharomyces pombe which is resistant to cycloheximide. In all
      cases reversion to sensitivity was due to a forward mutation in a second
      suppressor gene. Genetical analysis showed that at least two genes, designated
      scr1 and scr2 (scr=suppression of cycloheximide resistance) were involved. Both
      scr1 and scr2 suppressed the resistance of six independently isolated alleles at
      the cyh1 locus. They had no effect on two known nonsense mutations in the ade7
      locus. The cyh1-C7 strain has an altered 60S ribosomal protein which can be
      detected by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In two suppressed
      strains, cyh1-C7 scr1 and cyh1-C7 scr2, the original altered protein was present.
      However no further ribosomal protein differences were observed which could be
      correlated with the presence of the scr genes. Both scr mutations conferred cold
      sensitivity on the organism indicating that they were of the missense type. Hence
      it seems certain that scr1 and scr2 are not mutations in tRNA genes leading to
      either nonsense or missense suppression. There is however no direct evidence that
      they code for ribosomal proteins and exert their effect on cyh1-C7 at the
      ribosomal level.

PMID- 672903
TI  - Binding of protein chemotactic factors to the surfaces of neutrophil leukocytes
      and its modification with lipid-specific bacterial toxins.
AB  - The binding to neutrophil leukoyctes of human serum albumin (HSA), which is
      chemokinetic  for leukocytes, i.e. influences their rate of locomotion, and of
      alkali-denatured HSA, which is chemotactic for leukocytes, i.e. influences their
      direction of locomotion, was studied. Native serum albumin showed low affinity
      binding to the neutrophil surface. Denatured serum albumin showed saturable
      binding with a Ka of approximately 1-(6) litres per mole to about 10(6) binding
      sites per cell. Another protein chemotactic factor, alpha5-casein, gave similar
      binding. These results exclude that chemotactic reactions to denatured proteins
      are mediated in a completely non-specific manner and suggest the presence on the
      cell of a restricted number of defined recognition sites. Binding was reduced
      following treatment of the cells with either of two lipid-specific bacterial
      toxins, perfringolysin, the theta-toxin of Clostridium perfringens, an oxygen
      labile cholesterol-specific toxin, and Staphylococcus aureus Sphingomyelinase C.
      Both have previously been shown to reduce chemotactic reactions and both were
      used at doses which did not reduce cell viability. These results suggest an
      important, and possiblly direct, role for membrane lipid in the binding sites for
      chemotactic factors. Visual analysis of the behaviour of perfringolysin-treated
      neutrophils showed that these cells were still capable of chemotactic locomotion.
      The cells appeared to be less efficient than normal in detecting chemotactic
      gradients only when at a distance from the gradient source, a finding which is
      consistent with reduced binding of the chemotactic factor to the cell surface.

PMID- 672905
TI  - On the heterogeneity of the slow reassociating ("unique") DNA.
AB  - The slow reassociating fraction of mouse DNA ("unique DNA"), when allowed to
      reassociate in 0.14 M sodoum phosphate buffer at 50 degrees C showed a biphasic
      melting curve with a transition at 78--80 degrees C. On the basis of this
      feature, the slow reassociating DNA was separated preparatively into two
      fractions: "unique DNA" I and II. Their duplexes showed differences with respect
      to thermal stability, S1 nuclease resistance and rate of reassociation. About one
      third of the sequences in each fraction were fraction-specific. The conclusion
      was drawn that for "unique DNA" I these should be the low repetitive or single
      copy related sequences (multigene families) and for "unique DNA" II--the
      unrelated single copy sequences or recent families of low repetitive not yet
      diverged sequences.

PMID- 672904
TI  - Modulation of mitochondrial succinate dehydrogenase activity, mechanism and
      function.

PMID- 672906
TI  - [Ulcerative and granulomatous colitis in children (author's transl)].
AB  - Colitis ulcerosa and colitis granulomatosa (Morbus Crohn) are closely related
      diseases, and are known as unspecific colitis. Yet it is important though
      difficult to distinguish between these two forms since prognosis and therapy are
      different. Both forms require a careful follow-up over a long time because late
      complications are possible even in cases of clinical remission.

PMID- 672907
TI  - [Pathology of ulcerative colitis (author's transl)].
AB  - The macroscopic and histological appearance, and the local immune response in
      ulcerative colitis are discussed. The main criteria for the differentiation
      between ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease of the large bowel are reviewed.
      The risk to develope carcinoma in the large bowel is greater in patients with
      total ulcerative colitis than in the general population. Precancerous changes in
      rectal and colonoscopical biopsies are a useful parameter in detecting early
      cancer in colitis. A description of the morphology of precancerous changes in
      ulcerative colitis is given.

PMID- 672908
TI  - [Abt-Letterer-Siwe disease. Diagnosis and therapy (author's transl)].
AB  - An infant with Abt-Letterer-Siwe disease is reported. The diagnosis was
      established by histopathology and electron microscopy.--2. Complete remission was
      achieved with vinblastine and prednisone. Treatment, however, in these cases has
      to be continued for a longer period of time.--3. Early diagnosis and therapy are
      important because Abt-Letterer-Siwe disease is lethal in most untreated cases.
      With adequate chemotherapy, long remissions or cures can be expected in about 70%
      of the cases.--4. In Abt-Letterer-Siwe disease, the racket-like Langerhans cell
      granules are found by electron microscopy within the specific infiltrating cells.
      The demonstration of these organells allows the unequivocal diagnosis in cases
      with uncharacteristic clinical or histopathological appearance. The same
      structures are characteristic of Hand-Schuller-Christian disease and of
      eosinophilic granuloma. The electron microscopic findings confirm the grouping of
      these three diseases together as "histiocytosis X".

PMID- 672909
TI  - [Familial occurence of congenital short bowel (author's transl)].
AB  - We report the clinical and post-mortem findings of an infant with inborn short
      bowel. One sibling died because of the same malformation. The parents are
      cousins. This malformation is combined with malrotation, often with pylorus
      stenosis too, and can cause an intestinal obstruction syndrome. All presently
      known cases in the pertinent literature are summarized. The occurence of familial
      cases suggest a rezessive autosomal disease.

PMID- 672910
TI  - [A comparative study of colestipol and colestyramine in children and adolescents
      with familial hypercholesterolaemia (author's transl)].
AB  - Plasma lipids and lipoproteins were studied in 20 children and adolescents with
      familial hypercholesterolemia during the administration of two anion exchange
      resins. All the patients' cholesterol levels had been stabilized by treatment
      with a cholesterol-lowering diet for at least 12 months. Colestyramin (0.6 g per
      kg body weight) or Colestipol (0.5 g per kg body weight) were given for eight
      weeks each in a cross-over design. In 6 children, the study had to be terminated
      due to gastrointestinal problems. Cholesterol, triglycerides and phospholipids
      were determined serially in whole serum and in isolated lipoprotein fractions.
      Apolipoprotein-B was determined by radial immunodiffusion in whole serum and in
      the LDL-fraction. Total plasma cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were lowered by
      about 25% from initial values of 290 mg/100 ml and 230 mg/100 ml, respectively
      and Apo-B was lowered by 20%. Low HDL-cholesterol levels in the patients remained
      decreased during therapy. Triglyceride and phospholipid levels were not affected
      by treatment. Efficacy, tolerance and side-effects were similar with both
      Colestyramin and Colestipol.

PMID- 672911
TI  - [Recurrent pneumonias following intrauterine irradiation of the thymus (author's
      transl)].
AB  - A 9 year old girl is described who was born without thyroid function as a result
      of maternal 131I treatment during early pregnancy. The patient had 15 pneumonias
      since her second year of life. Immunological investigations showed normal humoral
      immunity and a normal in vitro responsiveness of circulating lymphocytes. The
      patient was, however, anergic to 5 skintest antigens and exhibited a primary
      vaccination reaction after a smallpox revaccination. The findings suggest that
      intrauterine irradiation primarily affected memory-lymphocytes.

PMID- 672912
TI  - [Granulocyte function in septicemia of the newborn (author's transl)].
AB  - The ingestion- and Nitro Blue Tetrazolium-(NBT)-reduction-capacity of neutrophil
      leukocytes in three newborn infants with lethal septicemia was studied using a
      modified NBT-test. In comparison to 25 controls in healthy newborns (umbilical
      vein-blood) the results indicate a failure in the functioning of leukocytes.
      Besides other disturbances the impaired ingestion- and NBT-reduction-capacity of
      the neutrophil granulocytes during an infection probably leads to septicemia.

PMID- 672913
TI  - [Wilson's disease--pathogenesis, diagnosis and course].

PMID- 672914
TI  - [Wilson's disease--pathogenesis, diagnosis and course].

PMID- 672915
TI  - Design and analysis of experiments on mutagenicity. I. Minimal sample sizes.

PMID- 672916
TI  - The dominant lethal effects of some ergot alkaloids.
AB  - The dominant lethal test was carried out in the mouse using the ergot derivatives
      dihydroergotoxine, ergotamine and methysergide. A significant increase in early
      fetal deaths was induced by 100 mg/kg of dihydroergotoxine and methysergide.
      Doses of 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg did not induce positive effects. Ergotamine was
      not effective in doses up to 100 mg/kg. Reduced numbers of implantations were not
      consistently observed following treatment with the ergot preparations, but some
      anti-fertility effects were noted. Cyclophosphamide, used as a positive control
      compound, produced significant effects in doses as low as 25 mg/kg.

PMID- 672917
TI  - Differential spermatogonial stem-cell survival and mutation frequency.

PMID- 672918
TI  - Gamma-ray-induced dominant mutations that cause skeletal abnormalities in mice.
      III. Description of presumed mutations.

PMID- 672919
TI  - Damage and repair in mammalian cells after exposure to non-ionizing radiations.
      I. Ultraviolet and visible light irradiation of cells of the rat kangaroo
      (Potorous tridactylus) and determination of photorepairable damage in vitro.

PMID- 672920
TI  - The symmetry of radiation-induced chromatid exchanges in relation to the cell
      cycle in Chinese hamster cells in vivo and in vitro.
AB  - The symmetry of radiation-induced chromatid exchanges was studied in relation to
      the cell cycle in Chinese hamster cells in vivo and in vitro. Both in vivo and in
      vitro, the ratio between symmetrical and asymmetrical chromatid exchanges was
      about 1 to 1 during G2 and S phase of the cell cycle.

PMID- 672921
TI  - Excision repair by human fibroblasts of DNA damaged by r-7, t-8-dihyroxy-t-9,10
      oxy-7,8,9,10- tetrahydrobenzo(a)pyrene.
AB  - Benzo(a)pyrene diol-epoxide I (r-7,t-8,dihydroxy-t-9,10 oxy-7,8,9,10
      tetrahydrobenzo(a)pyrene) was used to treat either human adenovirus 5 or cultures
      of human fibroblasts. The survival of diol-epoxide I treated adenovirus was
      greater when infecting fibroblasts from normal persons than when infecting
      fibroblasts from patients with xeroderma pigmentosum (XP). One diol-epoxide I
      molecule bound per viral genome correlated with one lethal hit as measured using
      XP fibroblasts. Normal fibroblasts blocked in semi-conservative DNA synthesis
      incorporated into their DNA more [3H]thymidine in response to diol-epoxide I
      treatment than did XP fibroblasts, and also excised more diol-epoxide I from
      their DNA. All of the effects described above were similar to those obtained when
      the inactivating agent was ultraviolet light rather than benzo(a)pyrene diol
      epoxide I.

PMID- 672922
TI  - Unrepaired DNA strand breaks in irradiated ataxia telangiectasia lymphocytes
      suggested from cytogenetic observations.
AB  - It is suggested here that the unusually high level of radiation-induced
      chromosome and chromatid-type aberrations in cells from patients with ataxia
      telangiectasia, compared with normals, is due to a significantly increased
      fraction of unrepaired double and single strand breaks. A hypothesis is proposed
      to explain how unrepaired and misrepaired DNA single or double strand breaks
      might be the basic lesion leading to the typical chromosome aberrations seen
      following X-irradiation of both normal or AT cells.

PMID- 672923
TI  - The dependence of mutation frequency on 8-azaguanine concentration in control and
      irradiated CHO cells.

PMID- 672924
TI  - Increased sensitivity of UV-repair-deficient human cells to DNA bound platinum
      products which unlike thymine dimers are not recognized by an endonuclease
      extracted from Micrococcus luteus.
AB  - We have studied the response of human cells in culture to cis platinum[II]
      diammine dichloride (cis Pt[II]) induced DNA damage. The survival data, measured
      as a function of cis Pt[II] dose were similar in a normal cell line (Human foetal
      lung) compared to a UV-sensitive, thymine dimer excision repair-deficient cell
      line (Xeroderma pigmentosum). However, there was a marked difference between the
      two cell lines when binding to DNA was plotted against dose of cis Pt[II] given
      for 1 h. When these findings were expressed as cell survival versus binding to
      DNA, a 4.1--fold difference between the slopes of the survival  curves for the
      two cell lines was obtained. These findings are consistent with  the notion that
      normal cells are able to excise cis Pt[II] induced damage from their genome and
      thus increase their ability to survive as compared to excision-deficient cells.
      An endonuclease preparation from Micrococcus luteus is able to recognise UV
      damage in DNA, but did not recognise cis Pt[II] induced damage. These results
      possibly indicate differences in the pathways of repair of damage caused by the
      two agents.

PMID- 672925
TI  - Toxicity and mutagenicity of radiation from fluorescent lamps and a sunlamp in
      L5178y mouse lymphoma cells.
AB  - Unfiltered broad spectrum radiation emitted by black light, cool white, and black
      light blue fluorescent lamps and a sunlamp, is both toxic and mutagenic to L5178Y
      mouse lymphoma cells when the cells are irradiated in phosphate-buffered saline.
      The increase in mutant frequency seen after exposure of the cells is linear
      throughout the range of exposures tested. The linear increase in mutagenesis is
      observed even at exposure levels which do not cause significant toxicity. To
      facilitate comparison of the differing rates of mutagenesis derived from exposure
      response curves obtained for each light source, we have defined a parameter,
      joule-equivalent mutagenesis (jem), equal to mutants per 10(5) survivors per
      joule per square meter. Jem values are calculated using the integrated irradiance
      of each lamp. Based on jem values, the relative mutagenicity of the various lamps
      tested (compared with a germicidal ultraviolet lamp) is 3 x 10(-3) for the
      sunlamp, 1 x 10(-4) for the black light and cool white lamps, and 3 x 10(-5) for
      the black light blue lamp. The toxic and mutagenic effects of the lamps are in
      reasonable agreement with their relative spectral output from 290 to 330 nm.

PMID- 672926
TI  - Caffeine and artificial insemination.

PMID- 672927
TI  - Anti-mutagenic action of vegetable factor(s) on the mutagenic principle of
      tryptophan pyrolysate.

PMID- 672929
TI  - An analysis of meiotic chromosomes of inbred male mice and their F1 sons after
      long-term treatment of sires with triethylenemelamine.
AB  - The dose-dependent effects of triethylenemelamine (TEM) on fertility and the
      induction of chromosomal translocation in treated mice and their F1 sons were
      examined C3H mice were treated with TEM for 8 successive weeks at doses of 0.02
      and 0.04 mg/kg of body weight. All males treated with TEM were fertile,and
      cytological analysis of meiotic cells showed no chromosomal rearrangements. Semi
      sterility and sterility were noted in F1 sons of TEM-treated animals. This semi
      sterility and sterility were associated with reciprocal translocations. The
      percentage of animals heterozygous for translocations was higher for F1 males
      originating from sires treated with TEM at 0.04 mg/kg than from sires treated
      with 0.02 mg/kg.

PMID- 672928
TI  - A practical procedure for testing DNA damage in vivo, proposed for a pre
      screening of chemical carcinogens.
AB  - The alkaline elution method was adapted to the evaluation of DNA damage induced
      in vivo through a practical and reliable microfluorometric procedure, without any
      need for tissue pre-labeling. The DNA damage induced in vivo by treatment with a
      single dose of N-nitrosodimethylamine (DMNA), N-methyl-N-nitroso-urea (MNU), 1,2
      dimethylhydrazine (DMH) or cycasin has been detected in different organs of mice
      or rats. The results obtained are rather consistent with the organotropism of
      these carcinogens, and show a satisfactory dose dependent of DNA damage. DMH and
      cycasin, both negative in the Ames' Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity test, are
      clearly positive with in vivo DNA damage/alkaline elution assay. This latter
      method, complemented with other short-term tests, may play a useful role in the
      pre-screening of chemical carcinogens.

PMID- 672930
TI  - Induction and isolation of frameshift mutants in cultured Chinese hamster DON
      cells.
AB  - Induction, isolation and characterization of frameshift mutants were studied by
      using a Chinese hamster Don (CHD) cell line. ICR-191, known to be a potent
      frameshift mutagen, was used for the induction of frameshift mutations. The drug
      (10(-5) M), as well as N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and ethyl
      methanesulfonate (EMS), increased significantly the frequency of forward
      mutations from 8-azaguanine (8-AG) sensitivity (8-AGs) to resistance (8-AGr) over
      the untreated control to an extent of about 100-fold. 21 8-AGr mutants were
      isolated from the AP-01 (a sub-line of CHD) cells after treatment with
      appropriate concentrations of ICR-191 (10(-5) and 1.36 X 10(-5) M), and
      subsequently several reclonal mutants were tested for their ability to revert to
      8-AG susceptibility after treatment with the three mutagens and a carcinogen, 2
      nitrofluorene (2-NF), known to be a frameshift mutagen. Among the 8-AGr mutants
      tested, clone ICR-014 or ICR-172 showed a significant increase in reversion
      frequency over the control level only after treatment with ICR-191 or 2-NF,
      respectively; but not with the other two mutagens. These results suggest that
      each of these two kinds of mutant has a different frameshift mutation in one of
      the loci controlling 8-AG resistibility. It was also found that the hypoxanthine-
      guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) activities in clones ICR-014 and ICR
      172 were 1.9 and 34% of that of the original AP-01 cells, respectively.

PMID- 672931
TI  - Chromosome aberrations induced by monomeric acrylamide in bone marrow and germ
      cells of mice.
AB  - Acrylamide induces chromatid exchanges and breaks with considerable frequency in
      spermatogonia of mice with long-term administration (3 weeks), though not,
      remarkably, with short-term administration (1--2 weeks. At 12 and 24 h after
      single injections with 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg acrylamide, evaluation of the
      cytogenetic effect is difficult in the spermatogonia because of an extreme
      reduction of mitotic cells. Aneuploid and polyploid cells increase with time
      after treatment in both marrow and spermatogonial cells, while the aberration
      frequency shows no increase in marrow after both oral-administration and
      injection. Evidently the spermatogonia are thus rather more sensitive to
      acrylamide than marrow cells. On the other hand, the SCE frequency is at the
      control level in treated subjects in marrow and spermatogonia. Acrylamide induces
      chain quadrivalents, ring quadrivalents, fragments and univalents which are
      particularly evident in primary spermatocytes in both oral administration and
      injection, though it is questionable whether these structural changes deal with
      spermatogonia, or otherwise with the S-phase primary spermatocytes. There is a
      possibility that the aberrant cells thus produced can develop into spermatozoa
      carrying a certain type of reciprocal translocation which leads to semi-sterile
      progeny. In relation to the above problem detailed investigations into this type
      of rearrangement in primary spermatocytes are needed.

PMID- 672932
TI  - Chromosomal analyses in vinyl chloride-exposed workers.
AB  - Chromosomal morphology from cultured peripheral lymphocytes was studied in 81
      men; 57 of the men were employed on plants manufacturing vinyl chloride or
      polyvinylchloride, 19 were on-site controls and 5 were off-site controls. There
      was a significant increase in chromosomal abnormalities in the exposed workers
      when compared with the controls. The greatest statistically significant increase
      in total B and total C cells occurred in autoclave operators, with smaller
      increases in other job categories. The increase in chromosomal aberrations was
      correlated with the length of exposure and with a history during the year prior
      to sampling (1973--1974) of exposure to excursion levels of vinyl chloride.
      Information on smoking habits was obtained 18 months after blood sampling and a
      positive correlation between these and total C cell abnormalities was found.
      There was no positive correlation with various other parameters (bilirubin,
      platelets, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, alanine
      transaminase and aspartate transaminase). It was not possible to estimate which
      of the three parameters (smoking history, length of employment or exposure to
      excursion levels) was the most important.

PMID- 672933
TI  - Chromosome distribution studies in phenyl mercury acetate exposed subjects and in
      age-related controls.
AB  - Peripheral blood lymphocytes of phenyl mercury acetate exposed persons and a
      control population of the same age were cultured for 48 h. In both populations
      100 metaphases were trypsin-banded and caryotyped. The relative position of the
      metaphase chromosomes was studied by means of centromere--centromere distances
      (delta2) and centromere--metaphase centre distances (d2) obtained by computer
      aided mathematical transformation of the individual metaphase coordinates. By
      comparing both investigated cell populations we mainly observed that the
      chromosome combinations which statistically differ in mercury-exposed workers
      from the controls show an increase of centromere-centromere distances after
      mercury exposure. From the data we may suggest that phenyl mercury acetate
      influences at first the position of particular chromosomes; especially D-group
      chromosomes which are involved in nucleolus organisation. This may be due to a
      greater density of SH-wearing molecules in that region or to a possible
      inhibition of specific enzymes regulating the nucleolar activity. The exposure
      level is however too low to allow definite conclusions in this respect.

PMID- 672934
TI  - Induction of 6-thioguanine resistance in human cells treated with N-acetoxy-2
      acetylaminofluorene.

PMID- 672935
TI  - Leukocyte migration agarose test in dermatophytosis.

PMID- 672936
TI  - Evaluation of the antifungal activity of some components of volatile oils against
      dermatophytes.

PMID- 672937
TI  - Brain death (second of two parts).

PMID- 672938
TI  - Brain death.

PMID- 672939
TI  - Sounding board. How the proposed Drug Regulation Reform Act will discourage the
      search for new drugs.

PMID- 672940
TI  - The economic costs of stroke in Massachusets.

PMID- 672942
TI  - Obesity and overeating.

PMID- 672941
TI  - "Liquid protein diets" and "protein-sparing modified fast".

PMID- 672943
TI  - Detection of sperm in victims of rape.

PMID- 672944
TI  - Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis: absence of enteric bacterial toxins.

PMID- 672945
TI  - Schizophrenia and publication: epilogue.

PMID- 672946
TI  - Joggers anonymous.

PMID- 672947
TI  - Sports-car palsy.

PMID- 672948
TI  - The role of urban academic medical centers.

PMID- 672949
TI  - Consumer representation of FDA panels.

PMID- 672950
TI  - Numerology.

PMID- 672951
TI  - NIH relaxes recombinant DNA guidelines.

PMID- 672952
TI  - Influenza A viruses: shaking out our shibboleths.

PMID- 672953
TI  - Malaria, piroplasmosis and endotoxin.

PMID- 672954
TI  - Cancer chemotherapy: in vitro test.

PMID- 672955
TI  - The natural ovalbumin gene contains seven intervening sequences.
AB  - EcoRI fragments of the natural ovalbumin gene were cloned and studied by
      hybridisation with mature ovalbumin mRNA, electron microscopy, restriction enzyme
      mapping and limited sequence analysis. The structural gene sequences coding for
      ovalbumin were found to be separated into eight sequentially orientated pieces by
      seven intervening sequences of various lengths.

PMID- 672956
TI  - Recent human influenza A (H1N1) viruses are closely related genetically to
      strains isolated in 1950.
AB  - Comparison of the oligonucleotide maps of the RNAs of current human influenza
      (H1N1) virus isolates shows these strains to be much more closely related to
      viruses isolated in 1950 than to strains which circulated before or after that
      period.

PMID- 672957
TI  - Where do general anaesthetics act?
AB  - General anaesthetics were found to have no effect on lipid bilayer structures
      when studied using X-ray and neutron diffraction. Combined gaseous and aqueous
      phase solubility data suggested that the primary site of action of general
      anaesthetics has both polar and nonpolar characteristics, and probably involves
      protein.

PMID- 672958
TI  - Interest of mice in conspecific male odours is influenced by degree of kinship.

PMID- 672959
TI  - Involvement of histocompatibility antigens in embryonic cell recognition events.

PMID- 672961
TI  - Serially homologous neurones as concomitants of functional specialisation.

PMID- 672960
TI  - Haemin promotes rapid neurite outgrowth in cultured mouse neuroblastoma cells.

PMID- 672962
TI  - The units of calcium conduction in Helix neurones.

PMID- 672963
TI  - Characterisation of a synthetic, voltage-dependent, cation-selective
      transmembrane channel.

PMID- 672964
TI  - Does substance P mediate slow synaptic excitation within the myenteric plexus?

PMID- 672965
TI  - Ca pump driven by ATP in squid axons.

PMID- 672967
TI  - Blacks in science: a US national scandal?

PMID- 672966
TI  - Transformation of plasmid DNA into Streptomyces at high frequency.

PMID- 672968
TI  - US proposes exemptions from DNA guidelines.

PMID- 672969
TI  - Myosin: polymorphism and promiscuity.

PMID- 672970
TI  - X-ray sequencing of proteins by refinement.

PMID- 672971
TI  - Crystallographic studies on the activity of glycogen phosphorylase b.
AB  - High resolution studies on the crystal structure of glycogen phosphorylase b have
      identified the catalytic site to which the substrate glucose-1-phosphate binds
      strongly with some local conformational changes. The site is situated 8 A
      (phosphate-to-phosphate distance) from pyridoxal phosphate, an essential cofactor
      of all glycogen phosphorylases. The catalytic site is 33 A from the site in the N
      terminal portion of the molecule to which adenine nucleotides bind. In contrast
      to phosphorylase a (the active form of the enzyme which is phosphorylated at Ser
      14), the positions of the first 19 residues of phosphorylase b are not well
      defined.

PMID- 672972
TI  - Normal and experimental variations in proportions of skeleton of chick embryo
      wing.

PMID- 672973
TI  - Stimulation of uridine uptake in 3T3 cells in associated with increased ATP
      affinity of uridine-phosphorylating system.

PMID- 672974
TI  - Identification of ataxia telangiectasia heterozygotes, a cancer prone population.

PMID- 672975
TI  - A vitamin A analogue inhibits radiation-induced oncogenic transformation.

PMID- 672976
TI  - Glycosylation is not necessary for membrane insertion and cleavage of Semliki
      Forest virus membrane proteins.

PMID- 672977
TI  - Slow relaxations of acetylcholine-induced potassium currents in Aplysia neurones.

PMID- 672978
TI  - Evidence for extramitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase involved in acetylcholine
      synthesis in nerve endings.

PMID- 672979
TI  - Both X chromosomes function before visible X-chromosome inactivation in female
      mouse embryos.

PMID- 672980
TI  - Swimming rats and human depression.

PMID- 672981
TI  - Use of ADTN to define specific 3H-spirerone binding to receptors in brain.

PMID- 672982
TI  - Dioxin source is 'safe'.

PMID- 672983
TI  - Adenovirus up to date.

PMID- 672984
TI  - Intervening sequences excised in vitro.

PMID- 672985
TI  - Nucleotide sequences at the ends of bacteriophage Mu DNA.
AB  - The nucleotide sequences were analysed at the two ends of bacteriophage Mu DNA.
      Such analyses reveal the existence of a short stretch of common sequences that
      are located at the termini and are orientated as inverted repeats. They also
      confirm that the heterogeneous bacterial DNA covalently bound to the ends of
      vegetative Mu DNA is totally removed during lysogenisation.

PMID- 672986
TI  - Differential metabolism and leakage of protein in an inherited cataract and a
      normal lens cultured with ouabain.
AB  - Ocular lenses in Nakano mice showed marked changes in synthesis, degradation and
      leakage of protein during cataractogenesis. The cataract-associated changes
      included the differential lowering of crystallin synthesis, the cleavage of
      crystallin polypeptides to lower molecular weight forms and the leakage of
      crystallins from cultured lenses. Ouabain treatment of normal lenses induced
      these alterations, suggesting that changes in the intracellular levels of Na+ and
      K+ affect the anabolism and catabolism of protein during cataract formation.

PMID- 672987
TI  - A surprising property of electrical spread in the network of rods in the turtle's
      retina.
AB  - Flashing a localised stimulus onto a turtle's retina produces an intracellular
      potential wave which spreads through electrical connections from illuminated to
      unilluminated photoreceptors. The response in unilluminated rods (but not in
      cones) becomes faster as the distance from the source increases, perhaps because
      voltage-dependent permeability changes in the rod membrane make the coupled
      network behave like a high-pass filter.

PMID- 672988
TI  - Clonal segregation and positional information in late ommatidial development in
      Drosophila.

PMID- 672989
TI  - Stage-specific antibody-dependent eosinophil-mediated destruction of Trichinella
      spiralis.

PMID- 672990
TI  - A common progenitor for human myeloid and lymphoid cells.

PMID- 672991
TI  - Barbiturate-induced slow outward currents in Aplysia neurones.

PMID- 672992
TI  - GABA-induced conductance fluctuations in cultured spinal neurones.

PMID- 672993
TI  - Removal of whiskers in young rats causes functional changes in cerebral cortex.

PMID- 672994
TI  - Mutagen--oligonucleotide complexes with a bulged base as models for frameshift
      mutation.

PMID- 672995
TI  - DNA phosphotriesters as indicators of cumulative carcinogen-induced damage.

PMID- 672996
TI  - The structure and replication of calicivirus RNA.

PMID- 672997
TI  - Diameter of haemoglobin S fibres in sickled cells.

PMID- 672998
TI  - Dimeric beta-cyclodextrin complexes may mimic membrane diffusion transport.

PMID- 672999
TI  - Spectral sensitivity of the red and yellow oil droplet fields of the pigeon
      (Columba livia).

PMID- 673000
TI  - Antibiotics may stay in US animal feed.

PMID- 673001
TI  - Carbohydrates recognised.

PMID- 673002
TI  - Genes, chromosomes and differentiation.

PMID- 673003
TI  - Gradients in tumour growth.

PMID- 673004
TI  - Ethanol-induced tolerance to heat and to adriamycin.

PMID- 673005
TI  - Internal desynchronisation of bilaterally organised circadian oscillators in the
      visual system of insects.

PMID- 673006
TI  - Mechanism of non-adhesiveness of endothelial and epithelial surfaces.

PMID- 673007
TI  - IncP2 group of Pseudomonas, a class of uniquely large plasmids.

PMID- 673008
TI  - Coenzyme A or adenosine inhibiting acetylcholine release?

PMID- 673009
TI  - Diffusion-limitation of cell growth.

PMID- 673010
TI  - Representation of complex visual stimuli in the brain.
AB  - A method was developed to investigate transfer properties of neurons in the
      visual system using pictures of complex visual stimuli. The picture is moved over
      the receptive field of a neuron so that it can scan it along programmed lines.
      The activity of the neuron during the scanning procedure is presented in a two
      dimensional dot display on scale with the original picture. By superposition of
      the stimulus and the transfer pattern, one can find out to which detail of a
      stimulus the neuron responds. Neurons in the first intracerebral relay of the
      visual system, the lateral geniculate body, reduce a complex stimulus, such as a
      photograph of a natural environment, to its contours. Cortical cells only respond
      to contours either of a limited or of a wider range of orientations (simple and
      complex cells, respectively). But the course of contours is only described by a
      continuous representation of these contours in the cortical map of the visual
      field. This is done by the simple cells, which have small receptive fields and
      thus a higher resolving power, whereas complex cells with their large receptive
      fields monitor the approximate location of a moving stimulus. The function of
      these two classes of neurons is discussed in terms of visual behavior, i.e., for
      fixation, hold, and binocular vergence movements (simple cells), and for
      detection of moving objects and motor command signals towards these objects
      (complex cells). These functions are an important condition for foveal vision
      which is the basis of perception in primates. An important function of
      orientation sensitivity of simple cells may be the binocular alignment of
      contours in binocular fusion and stereoscopic vision.

PMID- 673011
TI  - A synthetic inhibitor of RNA polymerase.

PMID- 673012
TI  - Dose-independent clearance rates of blood ethanol in the rat.

PMID- 673013
TI  - The role of uptake of noradrenaline of its positive inotropic effect in relation
      to muscle geometry. Statistical evaluation.
AB  - 1. The influence of saturable drug uptake on the drug concentration near the
      receptor sites was shown theoretically to depend on the geometry of the
      preparation; increases in the volume/surface ratio (V/S) of the preparation
      decrease the sensitivity of the preparation to an agonist inactivated in the
      tissue. 2. The positive inotropic effect of (-)-noradrenaline was found to depend
      on the ratio V/S of the preparation; papillary muscles with larger V/S were less
      sensitive to the drug and showed steeper noradrenaline concentration-effect
      curves. 3. An algorithm for the statistical estimation of the parameters of the
      saturable uptake process was derived. It was applied to the positive inotropic
      noradrenaline effect in relation to muscle geometry. As an analysis of variance
      showed, the model explained a significant proportion of the shift of (-)
      noradrenaline concentration-effect curves associated with variation in size of
      the preparation.

PMID- 673014
TI  - The neuronal and extraneuronal uptake and metabolism of 3H-(-)-noradrenaline in
      the perfused rat heart.
AB  - 1. Hearts were obtained from reserpine-pretreated rats and perfused with 0.95
      micron 3H(-)-noradrenaline. The rate of removal of 3H-noradrenaline from the
      perfusion fluid was measured (from the arterio-venous difference) as well as the
      rate at which the 3H-metabolites appeared in the venous effluent. 2. When either
      30micron corticosterone was added under steady-state conditions during perfusion
      with 3H-noradrenaline (to inhibit neuronal and extraneuronal uptake,
      respectively), each inhibitor reduced the removal of noradrenaline by about 50%;
      in the presence of both inhibitors removal was abolished. 3. Dihydroxymandelic
      acid (DOMA) was of neuronal, normetanephrine (NMN) of extraneuronal origin;
      dihydroxyphenylglycol (DOPEG) and the OMDA fraction (containing
      methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol-MOPEG-and methoxyhydroxymandelic acid-VMA) were formed
      both neuronally and extra-neuronally. 4. The extraneuronal metabolism of 3H
      noradrenaline was in quick equilibrium with the 3H-noradrenaline in the perfusion
      fluid; most of the total formation of DOPEG, MOPEG and NMN was recovered from the
      venous effluent. 5. Extraneuronally formed DOPEG, MOPEG and NMN distributed in
      the tissue with half times corresponding to their half time for efflux. 6.
      Inhibition of monoamine oxidase (MAO) by pargyline increased the extraneuronal
      formation of NMN; MAO and catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) appear to be
      contained in the same extraneuronal compartment. 7. The extraneuronal
      accumulation of 3H-noradrenaline required 30 min or more to reach a steady state;
      inhibition of one or both enzymes slowed this process. Inhibition of MAO
      increased the extra-neuronal accumulation of 3H-noradrenaline; inhibition of COMT
      failed to do so, since the enzyme inhibitor (U-0521) was a weak inhibitor of
      extra-neuronal uptake. 8. The rate constants for the efflux of the metabolites of
      noradrenaline decreased in the order of MOPEG greater than DOPEG greater than NMN
      greater than DOMA greater than VMA.

PMID- 673015
TI  - The kinetic constants for the extraneuronal uptake and metabolism of 3H-(-)
      noradrenaline in the perfused rat heart.

PMID- 673016
TI  - The positive inotropic action of sodium fluoroacetate on guinea-pig ventricular
      myocardium.

PMID- 673017
TI  - Renal action of adenosine: effect on renin secretion in the rat.

PMID- 673018
TI  - The opposite effects of magnesium and calcium on the contraction of the guinea
      pig ventricular myocardium in dependence on the sodium concentration.

PMID- 673019
TI  - Further studies on the extraneuronal uptake and metabolism of isoprenaline in the
      perfused rat heart.

PMID- 673020
TI  - Suppression of 3H-acetylcholine release from primary nerve cell cultures by
      tetanus and botulinum-A toxin.
AB  - Primary nerve cell cultures derived from embryonic rat central nervous system
      form [3H]ACh from exogenous [3H]Ch, and release it upon potassium depolarization.
      Pretreatment of the cultures with botulinum-A toxin or tetanus toxin diminishes
      the cellular accumulation of [3H]ACh. Poisoning the cultures during the period of
      [3H]Ch uptake fails to lower [H]ACh formation. Dependent on dosage, both toxins
      suppress the release of [3H]ACh upon potassium depolarization. Heat-denaturated
      toxins as well as tetanus toxin preincubated with tetanus antitoxin were without
      effect.

PMID- 673021
TI  - Inhibitory effect of tyramine-induced release of catecholamines on renin
      secretion.
AB  - The effect of the indirect sympathomimetic agent tyramine on the isoprenaline
      induced increase in plasma renin concentration was investigated in conscious
      rats. Tyramine caused a dose-dependent decrease in the isoprenaline-induced
      elevation of plasma renin concentration. Pretreatment of the rats with reserpine
      abolished this effect of tyramine, indicating that tyramine released
      catecholamines which acted on the inhibitory adrenoceptors. Pretreatment with
      phenoxybenzamine, an alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist, also abolished the inhibitory
      effect of tyramine on renin release, indicating that alpha-adrenoceptors mediated
      the observed inhibition of renin release. In rats with chronically denervated
      kidneys tyramine did not inhibit renin release. It is concluded that
      catecholamines which are released from renal sympathetic nerve endings can
      suppress renin release by activating alpha-adrenoceptors.

PMID- 673022
TI  - Radioimmunoassay of beta-endorphin basal and stimulated levels in extracted rat
      plasma.
AB  - A sensitive radioimmunoassay for beta-endorphin is described. Antibodies against
      human beta-endorphin which exhibit a high avidity for the C-terminal of the
      peptide were raised in rabbits following the injection of thyroglobulin-coupled
      human beta-endorphin (betah-E) as immunogen. Methionine-enkephalin, alpha-, gamma
      endorphine, as well as ACTH peptides did not cause interference in the
      radioimmunoassay. beta-Lipotropin, however, showed a 50% cross-reactivity. The
      sensitivity of the assay is 25 pg/0.5 ml tube volume for beta-endorphin. beta
      Endorphin was extracted with a high recovery from the rat plasma using silicic
      acid and beta-endorphin levels as low as 100 pg/ml could be measured. Basal
      levels of beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity in plasma of rats were about 400
      pg/ml. beta-Endorphin levels in adrenalectomized rats and in animals chronically
      treated with the cortisol synthesis blocker metyrapone were found to be markedly
      increased (about 7-fold). Exposure of the rats to electrically induced footshocks
      caused a similar increase of immunoreactive beta-endorphin in plasma. A
      significant increase was also seen after insulin injection.

PMID- 673024
TI  - [On telling the truth: honesty or sadism?].

PMID- 673023
TI  - Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of digoxin and dihydrodigoxin in cats in
      single-dose studies.
AB  - Pharmacokinetics of 3H-dihydrodigoxin and 3H-digoxin after single intravenous and
      intraduodenal administration in cats are compared. Data could be described by an
      open two compartment body model. The beta half-life in plasma of dihydrodigoxin
      after initial rapid distribution is 4.6h compared to 10.4 h after digoxin
      administration. The volume of tissue distribution of dihydrodigoxin is 7 times
      smaller than that of digoxin (0.311 versus 2.051). The "specific uptake" of
      dihydrodigoxin into myocardium and some other tissues is very low. Over 5.5h the
      cumulative biliary and urinary elimination of dihydrodigoxin is definitely higher
      (45.7% versus 14.4%). An unexpected peak in TLC plates after dihydrodigoxin
      administration in blood, bile and urine was identified to be the sodium salt of
      the opened lactone structure: dihydrodigoxin acid.

PMID- 673025
TI  - [The significance of respiratory virus infections in chronic aspecific
      respiratory diseases (CARD)].

PMID- 673026
TI  - [Embolism prophylaxis in general surgery using small doses of heparin
      administered subcutaneously].

PMID- 673027
TI  - [Xiphodynia as sequelae of recurring dislocation of the xiphoid process].

PMID- 673028
TI  - [200 essential drugs].

PMID- 673029
TI  - [Ureterocele with kidney duplication].

PMID- 673031
TI  - [Anuria following appendectomy in a 10-year-old boy].

PMID- 673030
TI  - [Complications causing death in patients convalescing froma a heart infarct in
      the hospital].

PMID- 673032
TI  - [2 patients with a decreased number of granulocytes].

PMID- 673033
TI  - [Orphenadrine poisoning (Disipal)].

PMID- 673034
TI  - [Vitrectomy; the way to a new viewpoint].

PMID- 673035
TI  - [Thigh amputations].

PMID- 673036
TI  - [Treatment of testicular tumors].

PMID- 673037
TI  - [Perinatal monitoring].

PMID- 673038
TI  - [Comparative study of electroencephalographs].

PMID- 673039
TI  - [Acute anterior poliomyelitis].

PMID- 673040
TI  - [Tarsal tunnel syndrome].

PMID- 673041
TI  - [Suicide and attempted suicide in young people].

PMID- 673042
TI  - [The incidence of frambesia in Surinam].

PMID- 673043
TI  - [The study of the history of medicine--today].

PMID- 673044
TI  - [Search for salmonellas in homes with salmonellosis in infants].

PMID- 673045
TI  - [Venous congestion of the hand in the presence of an arteriovenous fistula for
      chronic intermittent hemodialysis treatment].

PMID- 673046
TI  - [A patient with legionnaires' disease in the Netherlands].

PMID- 673047
TI  - [The unilateral tubo-ovarian abscess with an IUD].

PMID- 673048
TI  - [Diet and insulin resistance].

PMID- 673049
TI  - [The role of the Lundh test in the diagnosis of pancreatic diseases].

PMID- 673051
TI  - [Eyes in the N'Doungue hospital in Cameroon].

PMID- 673050
TI  - [Poliomyelitis in the Netherlands].

PMID- 673052
TI  - [Dutch obstetrics at the crossroad].

PMID- 673053
TI  - [Correlation between the perinatal mortality figures and the place of delivery:
      at home or in the hospital].

PMID- 673054
TI  - [Childbirth at home].

PMID- 673055
TI  - [Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome, Kawasaki disease].

PMID- 673056
TI  - [Oral contraceptives].

PMID- 673057
TI  - [Mass screening for cancer of the uterine cervix from the age of 35?].

PMID- 673058
TI  - [Echography in gynecology].

PMID- 673059
TI  - [Stomach perforation following Nissen's fundus plication in a patient with a
      Barrett esophagus].

PMID- 673060
TI  - [Remission of pure red cell aplasia obtained by splenectomy after failure of
      thymomectomy and immunosuppressive treatment].

PMID- 673061
TI  - [The quality of a cervix smear].

PMID- 673062
TI  - [Experiences of a dermatological nurse at Ein-Bokek].

PMID- 673063
TI  - Mammography: advantages and indications.

PMID- 673064
TI  - Oxygen transport.

PMID- 673065
TI  - "Another look" operation for colon carcinoma.

PMID- 673067
TI  - Research without bounds.

PMID- 673066
TI  - Units of intelligence.

PMID- 673068
TI  - Neonatal thyroid--screening for the State of Nebraska.

PMID- 673069
TI  - [Background activity of neurons of the auditory zone of the cortex of awake cats
      in the resting state and during elaboration of defensive conditioned reflexes].
AB  - The results of statistical computer analysis of 366 realizations of the
      background activity of 181 neurons from the primary auditory cortex (field 50) in
      vigil cats (14) at rest and during defensive conditioning are presented. In both
      states the parameters of background activity in most neurons differed from
      completely random succession. The conditioning evoked a stable elevation of the
      frequency of background activity during interstimulus intervals, an increase in
      stability of the background impulsation as regards its average frequency and
      variation coefficients of the duration of interspike intervals, as well as an
      enhancement of the number of neurons showing different types of association
      between interspike intervals.

PMID- 673070
TI  - [Elaboration of a conditioned defense reflex based on rhythmic electric
      stimulation of the septum].
AB  - In automatically controlled experiments on rabbits the spectral and correlation
      characteristics of sensorimotor, visual and hippocampal potentials were analyzed
      during the elaboration of conditioned defensive reflex to light stimuli. The
      conditioning to light was performed at definite frequency of septum stimulation
      (2,4,7 or 9 Hz). Rhythmical 7 Hz, 9 Hz electrical stimulation of the septum
      accelerated the conditioning. Rhythmical 2 Hz electrical stimulation of the
      septum delayed the conditioning. A conclusion is made that changing of the
      frequency of electrical septum stimulation can influence the process of learning.

PMID- 673071
TI  - [Neuronal activity of the midbrain central grey upon stimulation of the
      amygdaloid complex and the subthalamus].
AB  - The influence of stimulation of the amygdaloid complex and the subthalamus on
      neuronal activity of the central grey substance were studied in acute experiments
      on rats. The amygdaloid stimulation produced inhibition in 72% of the central
      grey substance neurons; stimulation of subthalamus--activation in 59%. Repetitive
      stimulation of the amygdaloid complex evoked prolonged changes in the neuronal
      activity. The convergence of impulses from the amygdaloid complex and subthalamus
      was observed in 31 of 114 reactive neurons. 71% of cells showed inhibition.

PMID- 673072
TI  - [Responses of neurons in the cochlear nuclei of sharp-eared bats to presentation
      of simultaneous ultrasonic stimuli].
AB  - The single unit activity of cochlear nuclei in Verspertilionidae are studied by
      means of ultrasonic pure tonal and frequency-modulated stimuli. Most neurons
      (85%) had tonic reaction to combination tones f2-f1 and 2f1-f2 (f1, pulse
      frequency of the first tone, f2 pulse frequency of the second tone) as a result
      of the nonlinearity in the auditory system. The reaction to the combination tones
      depended upon pulse frequency and sound pressure level of each of the presented
      stimuli. Tonic reaction appeared in the case when the combination tone was equal
      to the best frequency of the neuron. The question about the role of the
      nonlinearity of the auditory system in the resolution of the complex signals is
      discussed.

PMID- 673073
TI  - [Electrophysiologic characteristics of motor neurons of the cat facial nerve
      nucleus].
AB  - The antidromic activation of facial nucleus motoneurons to the stimulation of
      various branches of the facial nerve was studied by means of intracellular
      recording in cats. The time and amplitude characteristics of separate components
      of the antidromic spike were analyzed and fast and slow after-potentials were
      distinguished. A correlation was shown between the duration of the falling phase
      of the SD spike, the duration of its after-hyperpolarization and the impulse
      conductance time in the axon. Data indicating the absence of the recurrent
      collateral pathway in the facial nucleus motoneurons were obtained. The possible
      functional significance of the after-potentials is discussed.

PMID- 673074
TI  - [Ultrastructural characteristics of the dendrites of spinal neurons].
AB  - Some kinds of dendritic protrusions were found in the different parts of the
      spinal cord grey matter connected with the long descending fibre systems. The
      small simple dendritic protrusions were localized in the medial part of the
      ventral horn. As a rule they were invaginated in the axon terminal which made the
      simultaneous synaptic contacts with them and with the basic trunk of dendrite. In
      the lateral parts of the V-VII laminae of the grey matter the dendritic branches
      were getting longer and more complex, the breaking forms and "crest" synapses
      appeared. There were some inclusions in the matrix which were probably the
      precursor of the spine apparatus and were called spine-like protrusions.
      Statistically authentic difference was determined between the size of the
      dendritic protrusions in the medial and lateral parts of the ventral horn grey
      matter.

PMID- 673075
TI  - [Effect of strychnine, hydrastine and apamin on synaptic transmission in smooth
      muscle cells].
AB  - The effects of strychnine, hydrastine and apamine on nervemuscle transmission in
      guinea pig stomach and taenia coli were studied. Hydrastine and strychnine
      produced an increase in non-adrenergic IPSPs of smooth muscle cells. Under
      apamine action IPSPs and hyperpolarization caused by exogenous ATP were
      reversibly blocked and non-cholinergic EPSPs appeared. ATP caused depolarization
      of the cell membrane in this condition. Consequently, apamine is a specific
      (postsynaptic) blocking agent of non-adrenergic inhibition and ATP obviously
      mediates both non-adrenergic inhibition and non-cholinergic synaptic excitation
      of smooth muscle cells observed in our experiments.

PMID- 673077
TI  - [Responses of neurons in the cochlear nuclei of sharp-eared bats to presentation
      of frequency-modulated stimuli with a unidirectional change in frequency].
AB  - The investigation of the reactions of the neurons of the cochlear nuclei in the
      bats Myotis oxygnathus to frequency-modulated stimuli showed that the neurons
      with one best frequency (20%) have phasic responses while those with one or two
      best frequencies--tonic responses in the case when frequency of the stimulus
      changes from high to low frequencies.

PMID- 673076
TI  - [Identification of serotonin receptors in several grape snail neurons].
AB  - Four types of unit responses to iontophoretical serotonin (5-hydroxytrytamine)
      application were obtained on the ventral surface of the visceral ganglion in the
      hibernating Helix pomatia. The responses differed in sign, duration, latent
      period, reaction to serotonin antagonists (d-tubocurarine, tryptamine,
      neostigmine). It seems that every type of unit response to serotonin is
      associated with a definite type of serotonin receptors. A scheme of serotonin
      receptor distribution in the studied neurons is presented.

PMID- 673078
TI  - [Vestibular responses of "fast" and "slow" Deiter's nucleus neurons].
AB  - The response of vestibulospinal neurons to the tilt in the frontal plane was
      studied in decerebrate cats. The neurons were identified antidromically by L1
      stimulation. The response to the tilt was found to be correlated with the speed
      of axonal conductance: the neurons responding to the ipsilateral tilt had the
      latency of the antidromic response 2.8 +/- 0.7 ms, while those responding to the
      contralateral tilt--4.6 +/- 2.0 ms.

PMID- 673079
TI  - [Factor modulating the electrical activity of the grape snail bursting neuron].
AB  - The factor modulating electrical activity of the bursting neuron was obtained
      from neurons tissue of Helix pomatia. The factor increased the amplitude of
      membrane potential waves of the bursting neuron and caused the depolarizing
      current. The negative conductance region appeared on the voltage-currant curve.
      The factor is suggested to participate in realization of the interneuron
      secretorial communications.

PMID- 673080
TI  - [The "tuning" mechanism of the segmental apparatus before voluntary movement].
AB  - The probability of motor unit discharges and changes in the inter-spike interval
      duration before the voluntary contraction were studied on m. soleus of human
      beings. A strong motoneuron facilitation was revealed 15-20 ms before the burst
      of potentials in EMG and only in some experiments a weak facilitation took place
      earlier (30-50 ms before the burst). So, "tuning" (H-reflex increasing) 60 ms
      before the voluntary contraction may be regarded as a result of H-reflex
      presynaptic disinhibition.

PMID- 673081
TI  - [The psychiatric interview (author's transl)].

PMID- 673082
TI  - [Cerebral degenerative change in association with dyskinesia following
      neuroleptic treatment (author's transl)].

PMID- 673083
TI  - [The influence of the central nervous system on glucose physiological equilibrium
      in man (author's transl)].

PMID- 673084
TI  - [Initiation of myasthentic reactions by means of d-penicillamine (author's
      transl1].

PMID- 673085
TI  - [Treatment of multiple sclerosis with levamisole and azathioprine. Comparison of
      the effectiveness, of an 'immunostimulative' and 'immunosuppressive' treatment
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 673086
TI  - [Diagnostic applicability of token test in childhood and adolescence (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 673087
TI  - [The value of echo encephalography (author's transl)].

PMID- 673088
TI  - [Comments on the article "Landry-Guillain-Barre syndrome with oligoclonal
      gammopathy following varicella" by H. Kruger. (this journal 49, 97-100 1978].

PMID- 673089
TI  - Systemic hemodynamics in nephrotoxic acute renal failure.
AB  - Cardiac output (CO) and renal blood flow (RBF) were simultaneously evaluated
      (microsphere method) in awake rats, 3, 6, and 24 h after induction of acute renal
      failure by mercuric chloride (HgCl2; 4.7 mg/kg body weight). 3 h after injection
      of HgCl2, CO and RBF decreased to 77 and 72% of respective control values of 32.0
      +/- 2.4 and 4.65 +/- 0.44 ml/min/100 g. Renal vascular resistance (RVR) and total
      peripheral resistance (TPR) were significantly increased compared to control at
      this time. Similar results were observed 6 h after administration of HgCl2.
      Volume expansion with plasma (2% of body weight) restored CO, RBF, TPR, and RVR
      to normal 3 h after injection of HgCl2. Despite significantly elevated blood urea
      nitrogen 24h after injection of HgCl2 (103.7 mg%), all hemodynamic parameters
      were within control range. Plasma volume was normal 3 h after HgCl2 but was
      significantly elevated compared to control 24 h after HgCl2 (4.73 vs. 3.92 ml/100
      g, p less than 0.01). These findings indicate that factors other than
      preferential renal vasoconstriction may be involved in the transient renal
      ischemia of HgCl2-induced acute renal failure.

PMID- 673090
TI  - Effect of ischemia on renal blood flow in the rat.
AB  - The effect of ischemia on renal blood flow (RBF) in the rat has been an unsettled
      question. This study used a totally extractable indicator, radioactive
      microspheres, with a reference arterial sample, to study RBF quantitatively 10
      and 60 min after 1 h of unilateral renal artery clamping in anesthetized,
      heparinized rats. The results indicate that after release of the arterial clamp,
      the kidney is enlarged and exhibits an increase in renal vascular resistance. RBF
      to the contralateral non-ischemic kidney is not different from that of a time
      control series.

PMID- 673091
TI  - Lupus nephritis: what to do until the data arrive.

PMID- 673092
TI  - Focal glomerulosclerosis: natural history and treatment. A report of 70 cases.
AB  - 70 cases of focal glomerulosclerosis (FGS) followed for periods ranging from 1 to
      24 years are reported. 39 patients had a nephrotic syndrome. 31 patients had
      asymptomatic proteinuria. 97 renal biopsies were performed. At least one biopsy
      specimen from every patient showed focal and segmental involvement of glomeruli,
      but no lesions were observed on the first biopsy in 6 patients. 26 of the 35
      patients with a nephrotic syndrome were treated with steroids alone and/or
      chemotherapy and/or indomethacin. Resistance to treatment was encountered in 21
      patients. Complete remission was observed in 6 cases, despite persistence or
      accentuation of histological lesions on serial biopsies in 3 cases. Actuarial
      renal survival rate at 10 years was 45% in the group with a nephrotic syndrome
      versus 91% in patients with proteinuria. FGS with a persistent nephrotic syndrome
      represents the 'malignant' form of the disease. Recurrence of the disease was
      observed after transplantation in 2 cases and was absent in 1.

PMID- 673093
TI  - 3H-thymidine, 3H-uridine and 3H-leucine uptake in erythroblasts of patients with
      chronic renal failure.
AB  - The in vitro incorporation of 3H-thymidine, 3H-uridine and 3H-leucine, reflecting
      the synthetic capacity for DNA, RNA and protein, respectively, was detected by
      radioautography in the erythroid precursors of 10 patients with chronic renal
      failure. The results were compared with the uptake of the isotopes in the
      erythroid precursors of healthy subjects. The pattern of incorporation for all
      three isotopes in the patients' cells was similar to that of control cells, but
      significantly lower. The possible causes of this difference are discussed.

PMID- 673094
TI  - Theoretical and practical implications of continuous ambulatory peritoneal
      dialysis.

PMID- 673096
TI  - Short daily peritoneal dialysis: 3 years' experience.
AB  - During the last 3 years 3,964 short daily peritoneal dialyses (71.4% at home)
      have been performed in 18 patients aged between 8 and 82 years. 6-10 liters of
      dialysate have been associated with high caloric-low protein (0.6 g/kg) diets. In
      330 predialysis determinations serum urea was 1.30 +/- 0.09 g/l and serum
      creatinine was 13.9 +/- 1.9 mg/dl. The incidence of peritonitis was 0.18%. The
      control of anemia, plasma levels of proteins, albumins, transferrin, C-3c and C-4
      were satisfactory. The data support the concept of a wider application of this
      dialysis technique, which may be extended to every uremic patient.

PMID- 673095
TI  - Effectiveness of intestinal phosphate binders in patients maintained by
      hemodialysis.
AB  - Two formulations of aluminum phosphate binders-aluminum hydroxide suspension and
      aluminum carbonate powder in the form of capsules-were found to be equally
      effective in lowering the plasma phosphate concentration. The effective dose was
      4 g/day given in divided doses before meals and at bedtime. Side effects were
      negligible with this dosage for both preparations, but aluminum carbonate
      capsules were preferred by most patients because of the greater convenience of
      the capsule form. Coincident with the lowering of serum phosphorus
      concentrations, serum parathyroid hormone concentrations decreased approximately
      30% from levels obtained while patients were taking placebo.

PMID- 673097
TI  - Respiratory gas exchange by high-efficiency hemodialyzers.
AB  - The effects of respiratory gas mass-transfer by high-efficiency hemodialyzers
      with regard to respiratory status and acid-base balance were studied in three
      groups of patients. Patients dialyzed with acetate dialysate and a single pass
      delivery system (group I) and those dialyzed with the same dialysate and a
      recirculating single pass system (group II) had significant intradialytic
      decreases in PCO2 (p is less than 0.05), while patients hemodialyzed aginst a
      carbon dioxide/bicarbonate dialysate (group III) had no significant alterations
      in arterial PCO2. The massfransfer rate of carbon dioxide was 0.3 mM/min in group
      I and 0.2 mM/min in group II. The hypocapnia caused by dialyzer mass-transfer of
      carbon dioxide was associated with a significant drop in minute ventilation
      volume and a decrease in PO2 which was significant in group I (p is less than
      0.05). Although bicarbonate mass-transfer reduced serum bicarbonate levels, the
      loss of carbon dioxide to the dialysate resulted in an increased arterial pH
      during dialysis.

PMID- 673098
TI  - Evidence of increased proximal sodium and water reabsorption in experimental
      glomerulonephritis. Role of a natriuretic factor of renal origin.
AB  - In previous work, we have demonstrated that rats with experimental
      glomerulonephritis (GN) were unable to increase fractional and absolute sodium
      excretion after saline loading. This inability appears to be related to the
      disappearance of a natriuretic material that we have shown to be of renal origin.
      Similar results were obtained in human GN. In order to identify the nephronic
      site of the enhanced tubular sodium reabsorption, two techniques were used: (1)
      study of TmG in normal and glomerulonephritic rats during a progressive saline
      loading, and (2) micropuncture studies of sodium and water reabsorption. The
      results clearly demonstrate that: (1) in GN rats, TmG is increased in proportion
      with Na reabsorption; (2) TmG decreases, of the same magnitude, in GN and normal
      rats during progressive saline loading; (3) one site of the increased sodium and
      water reabsorption is proximal as evidenced by glucose titration curve and
      micropuncture studies, and (4) there is a disruption of glomerulotubular balance
      in GN rats. Moreover, the parallel behavior of TmG and proximal sodium
      reabsorption strongly suggests that the part of sodium transport presumbably
      linked to glucose transport is selectively involved. These results also suggest
      that the observed disorders are due to the disappearance of a renal natriuretic
      factor, the site of action of which being presumably proximal.

PMID- 673099
TI  - Morphogenesis of glomerular cysts in renal dysplasia.
AB  - The glomerular origin and the morphogenesis of the cysts in a case of renal
      dysplasia are descirbed. On ligh microscopy, islets of cartilage, immature ducts
      and cortical cysts were found. A primitive glomerular tuft was present in some
      cysts. On electron microscopy part of the inner surface of the cysts was lined by
      epithelium with pedicels. These findings suports the hypothesis that the cause of
      the cysts is the dilatation of the glomerular spaces when the respective
      glomeruli become functional.

PMID- 673100
TI  - Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis-presentation as acute renal failure in a child
      with a solitary kidney.
AB  - A 4-year-old girl, who had been in perfect health, presented with the acute onset
      of renal failure and abdominal mass. Investigations revealed a solitary left
      kidney which on histology had the typical features of xanthogranulomatous
      pyelonephritis. The child had no previous history suggestive of chronic renal
      disease and had no radiologic evidence of renal osteodystrophy. She had no
      improvement in renal function and has gone on to hemodialysis and
      transplantation. The unique mode of presentation and the unusual features of this
      case are discussed.

PMID- 673101
TI  - Factors affecting protein and glycoprotein synthesis by rat kidney mitochondria
      in vitro.
AB  - Incorporation of 14C-labeled leucine and mannose were used as indices of protein
      and glycoprotein synthesis by isolated rat kidney mitochondria. Uninephrectomy,
      certain salts including NaCl and heavy metals, detergents such as digitonin and
      lysophosphatidylcholine, and various antibiotics were studied for their effect in
      this in vitro assay system. Amino acid incorporation by mitochondria into
      macromolecules was adversely affected by a number of the conditions studied while
      carbohydrate incorporation was less frequently influenced. The number of
      variables capable of influencing the assays system indicate that caution must be
      used in the interpretation of in vitro enzyme reactions especially in the study
      of experimental nephropathies. Alterations in mitochondrial macromolecular
      synthesis may be a feature of various types of renal injury though the importance
      of mitochondrial biosynthetic activity to the overall cell response remains to be
      established.

PMID- 673102
TI  - [The effect of hyperventilation and tham(-treatment) on intracranial pressure and
      the electrical activity of the brain in experimental brain oedema (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 673103
TI  - Surgical management of destructive lesions of the spine.
AB  - The authors report on their experience with 23 patients with destructive disease
      of the vertebrae. They recommend ventral vertebral replacement as the method of
      choice for all sections of the spine.

PMID- 673104
TI  - [Cervical spine injuries and compression of the vertebral artery (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Six patients were angiographically examined. A compression of the cerebral artery
      was verified angiographically only in one patient with a severe dislocation of
      the cervical spine. Only severe trauma to the cervical spine seems to involve the
      vertebral arteries. The history of this patient with a verified compression of
      the vertebral artery is described. It is characterised by primary discrete
      neurological symptoms gradually getting worse. The cause and resulting
      consequences are discussed.

PMID- 673105
TI  - Successful removal of a giant tentorial meningioma.
AB  - A 225 gm fibroblastic tentorial meningioma was successfully removed by a
      supratentorial approach. Clinically the case more closely resembled a
      cerebellopontine angle tumour. Carotid and vertebral angiography should always be
      performed if the diagnosis of tentorial meningioma is suspected.

PMID- 673106
TI  - [Knotted neurinoma or plexiform neurofibroma in the cauda equina (author's
      transl)].
AB  - A rare case of a plexiform neurofibroma in the cauda equina is reported. In
      literature single cases are described as "redundant or knotted nerve roots", but
      mainly without microscopic description. Our patient was complained of bilateral
      pain in the legs for several years. The myelogram revealed a complete block with
      a serpentine-shaped structure. In operation we found a elongated and redundant
      nerve root in the cauda equina. The biopsy showed a plexiform neurofribroma. The
      operative technique is described.

PMID- 673107
TI  - [Experimental transection of the spinal cord (author's transl)].
AB  - Twenty-three dogs underwent a complete transection of the spinal cord at L 1
      level. Section was followed in eighteen animals by reconstruction effected
      through suture of the arachnoide with the aid of monofilament 10 X 0 thread. The
      operation was in all cases concluded by an osteosynthesis with metallic material
      in order to prevent any movements in the operated site, and a tight dural closure
      was achieved in order to prevent propagation of any epidural hematoma or
      secondary granuloma. This technique did not prevent an unfavorable evolution of
      the suture, which demonstrated three different morphological features:--necrosis
      of the spinal cord cut ends with secondary formation of a transverse cyst;-
      secondary infiltration of the operated focus by a fibrous scar growing from the
      inner aspect of the dura;--failure of axon regeneration through this fibrous
      block in spite of noteworthy proliferation of axons coming from the dorsal roots.
      A critical analysis of those results led to a comparaison with various previous
      works on the same subject. The most recent of these works have led to promising
      prospects which need confirmation.

PMID- 673108
TI  - [The neurosurgical treatment of the cerebral localisations of the alveolaris
      (multilocularis) echinococcosis (author's transl)].
AB  - A case of adult woman surgically treated for hepatic alveolaris ecchinococcosis
      on 1975 is presented. On 1976, a hypertensive intracranial syndrome is treated by
      removal of a right temporal kystic localisation. On 1977, a new localisation is
      successfully raised. The authors, in a short review of the literature note that
      these cerebral localisations are not always terminal. The alveolaris
      ecchinococcosis is now autochthonous in France.

PMID- 673109
TI  - [Cerebral cysticercosis. About two cases of brain localisation (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The authors report 2 cases of brain localisation of cysticercosis due to
      Cysticercus cellulosae. In both cases epilepsy was found but only later was its
      origin proved by the finding of characteristic ellipsoidal calcifications of
      cysticerci on the roentgenogram. The authors also recall the various possible
      symptoms ; insist on the fact that early positive diagnosis is difficult and that
      the mode  of treatment by surgery is exceptional. Though cysticercosis is rare in
      France, it should be remembered when a diagnosis of epilepsy is made and no
      apparent cause is found : further research of etiology should thus be made in
      such cases.

PMID- 673110
TI  - [Two cases of pericranial sinuses (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors report two cases of "sinus pericranii" a rare vascular tumor of the
      skull, communicating with the meningeal veins or with the dural sinuses. The
      partial reduction in size of the tumor in the sitting position may aid the
      clinical diagnosis. The X ray diagnosis is highly enhanced by the direct
      injection of contrast medium into the tumor, leading to the visualization of the
      outflow in the miningeal veins, while external carotid angiography is normal.
      Step by step coagulation of the verious supply coming through the skull allows a
      non-bleeding surgical excision.

PMID- 673111
TI  - [Extra dural hematoma complicating ventricular decompression during posterior
      fossa exploration (author's transl)].
AB  - A new case of bilateral frontal extra dural hematoma following ventricular
      decompression during posterior fossa exploration is reported. Hazards of such
      ventricular drainage are discussed with a review of relevant literature. The
      authors emphasize the role of non communicating hydrocephaly in pathogenesis of
      these complications.

PMID- 673112
TI  - [Surgical treatment of the spheno-orbital tumors (author's transl)].

PMID- 673113
TI  - [Surgical aspects of cerebellar infarctions based upon a series of 79 cases
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 673114
TI  - [Measuring intracranial pressure with a fontanelle palpation transducer (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The accuracy and reliability of a non-invasive method for the measurement of
      intracranial pressure through the fontanelle without puncture was tested during
      12 or even 24 hours recordings. Wealthall and Smallwood modified aplanation
      transducer was first used. A metal frame had to be developed in order to secure
      the transducer rigidly over the fontanelle so that the recording could take place
      with the infant in any position and completely free of its movements.
      Simultaneous recordings of extradural or intraventricular pressure have shown the
      measurements were accurate to about 1 or 2 cm H2O in a neurosurgical
      environnement (i.e large fontanelles with pressure over 10 cm H2O). For smaller
      fontanelles or low or even negative intracranial pressure, a smaller transducer
      seems to be needed. The preliminary test of a plane strain gauge transducer that
      partially fills this need is shown.

PMID- 673115
TI  - [Telemetric measurement of intracranial pressure with the help of an
      electromagnetic detector implanted within the epidural space. Tolerance and
      reliability verified in 16 cases (author's transl)].
AB  - After a detailed description of the technique the authors report the clinical
      results obtained in a series of 16 patients upon whom the new detector has been
      implanted and comparative measurements of the intracranial pressure by lumbar
      puncture were effected. The length of implantation of the detector which was of
      the order of several months in a majority of cases permitted to verify the
      stability and tolerance of the device as well as its long-term reliability since
      the length of functionning was of more than 6 months in half of the patients.
      Quantitatively, the instantaneous value of the intracranial pressure could be
      evaluated with the standard deviation of 17 mm of water in comparison to the
      values obtained by lumbar puncture. While being acceptable in clinical practice,
      this margin of error can be reduced in the future. The authors intend to utilize
      this detector at first for the monitoring of intracranial pressure before
      advocating its use in prolonged surveillance of intracranial pressure.

PMID- 673116
TI  - In vitro effects of inorganic lead on isolated rat brain mitochondrial
      respiration.
AB  - The effects of lead acetate on respiration in cerebral and cerebellar
      mitochondria from immature and adult rats were studied polarographically. With
      all substrates low lead concentrations produced an increase in respiration.
      Higher concentrations produced an inhibition of both this lead-induced
      respiration and ADP-dependent (State 3) respiration. Lead-induced respiration
      required inorganic phosphate and was inhibited by oligomycin, suggesting a
      coupling to oxidative phosphorylation. Inhibition of respiration was produced by
      much lower lead concentrations with NAD-linked citric acid cycle substrates than
      with succinate or alpha-glycerophosphate. In partially disrupted mitochondria,
      NAD-linked substrate oxidation was inhibited at lead concentrations which did not
      affect NADH oxidation. Thus, in brain mitochondria the NAD-linked dehydrogenases,
      located in the matrix space, were more sensitive to inhibition by lead than were
      inner membrane enzymes. All in vitro lead effects on mitochondrial respiration
      were comparable in cerebral and cerebellar mitochondria isolated from both
      immature and adult rats.

PMID- 673117
TI  - Comparison of cell-free protein synthesis by different regions of chicken brain.
AB  - The cell-free protein synthesis by the postmitochondrial supernatant from chicken
      cerebrum was twofold greater than protein synthesis by the cerebellum or optic
      lobes. Ribosomal aggregation of mRNA and ribonuclease activity of the
      postmitochondrial supernatant from the three brain regions was not statistically
      different. The higher protein synthetic activity of the cerebral
      postmitochondrial supernatant was associated with both the postribosomal
      supernatant (cell sap) and microsomal fractions. Cerebral monomeric ribosomes
      were more active in polyuridylic acid directed polyphenylalanine synthesis than
      monomeric ribosomes from either the cerebellum or optic lobes. The ability of
      cerebral cell sap to support polyuridylic acid directed polyphenylalanine
      synthesis was 1.6 to 2 times greater than cell sap from the other two regions.
      Cell sap factors other than tRNAphe or phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetases appear to be
      responsible for the higher protein synthetic activity of the cbr cell sap.

PMID- 673118
TI  - [Serum lipids in stroke].
AB  - In 60 patients with brain strokes the changes in serum triglycerides, cholesterol
      and optic density were determined in various stages of brain stroke. The control
      group included 60 patients without clinical evidence of atherosclerosis. Changes
      were observed in serum lipids in patients during brain stroke and they concerned
      mainly the levels of cholesterol and triglycerides. The intensity of these
      changes reflected the severity of the condition of the patient. In all patients
      the serum cholesterol level decreased during the first 7 days of the disease. In
      the group with favourable outcome a rise was observed in the cholesterol level
      after 4 weeks of disease. In the group with unfavorable course of the disease the
      level of cholesterol continued to fall until death. The triglyceride level was
      significantly lower in all patients in the 1st week of the disease in relation to
      the control group. After 4 weeks of the disease the triglyceride level rose to
      values not significantly different from those in the control group. The value of
      optic density of the serum in the group of patients in different stages of the
      disease was not statistically different from that in the control group.
      Determinations of serum lipids in patients with brain strokes together with
      clinical evaluation of the state of the patient seem to be useful in establishing
      prognosis in the disease.

PMID- 673119
TI  - [Conduction velocity changes in peripheral nerves in the acute stage of the
      Guillain-Barre syndrome].
AB  - In 20 cases of acute Guillain-Barre syndrome (including 4 recurrent cases the
      conduction velocity was measured in the nerves: facial, axillary,
      musculocutaneous, peroneal, sural and ulnar (motor and sensory). In the long
      nerves the maximal as well as minimal conduction velocity was determined. At the
      peak of development of clinical manifestations all electrophysiological
      parameters differed from the normal values, in particular, significant changes
      were found in long nerves (complete parallelism was found between the velocity of
      conduction and end latency). In the first stage of regression of clinical
      manifestations the electrophysiological parameters continued to show an increased
      abnormalities, only later they approached the normal values. Sensory conduction
      was disturbed in an equal degree as the motor conduction despite absence of
      clinical sensory disturbances. In recurrent cases slowing down of conduction was
      much more striking and persisted also during remission. In all studied cases
      independently of the character and course of the disease there was no correlation
      between the clinical state and the changes in the determined electrophysiological
      parameters.

PMID- 673120
TI  - [Usefulness of epidurography in the diagnosis of pathological changes in the
      vertebral canal].
AB  - The authors evaluated 60 epidurographies performed in patients with suspected
      compressing lesions in the vertebral canal. It was demonstrated that
      epidurography may be a useful method for diagnosis of pathological conditions in
      the vertebral canal, particularly in its thoracolumbar part. In many cases this
      method is sufficient for establishing full diagnosis, not infrequently it should
      be applied as a supplementary procedure (e.g. for evaluating the structure of the
      vertebral canal or for accurate assessment of the size of the tumour situated in
      the canal) and in cases with high-grade stenosis of the canal it is the method of
      choice. Moreover, it was found that epidurography is a method of low
      invasiveness, not harmful and well tolerated by the patients.

PMID- 673121
TI  - [Diagnostic possibilities of electronystagmography in motor nerve palsies of the
      eyeball].
AB  - The authors used a modification of ENG investigation which makes possible
      recording of the movements of each eyeball separately in two planes: horizontal
      and vertical. The authors used this method for analysis of cases with lesions of
      the motor nerves of to the eyeballs. The group included 20 patients with lesions
      of the motor nerves of the eyeballs of various origin. The control group included
      20 healthy subjects. In nerve lesions a decrease of intensity of ENG tracings was
      observed when the rapid phase of nystagmus agreed with the direction of action of
      the eliminated motor nerves. Provocation of eyeballs to movements of lower
      amplitude but greater angular velocity (the test of induced nystagmus) increased
      changes. The change of deviation angle during investigation had also an effect on
      the appearance of pathological changes in the record. Changes were observed also
      in the motor activity of the unaffected eyeball.

PMID- 673122
TI  - [Analysis of the rheoencephalographic curves from the temporal areas in healthy
      subjects aged 18-22 and obtained by means of type II rheography].
AB  - Using Siemens type II rheograph 100 subjects aged 18 to 28 years were
      investigated analysing averaged rheoencephalographic curves from 50 repetitions
      by means of a Neuro-Averager apparatus made by Biomedica, and Anops 10 Biological
      Computer. The trigger for averaging was the QRS complex in ECG of the
      investigated subject. The records were obtained in sitting and lying positions.
      All curves were divided into the following types: U waves, U--W waves and W
      waves; positive and negative curves were also separated. The segment between the
      peak of the main wave and the beginning of the dicrotic wave was subjected to a
      particularly careful analysis. Because of its shape and accessory waves occurring
      there they were divided into alpha and beta waves. In the group of W waves L
      waves were separated. In sitting position 70% of the waves belonged to group W
      and positive waves were observed in 98% of this group. In lying position W waves
      accounted for 61% and positive waves for 12%. The shape of REG wave reflects the
      haemodynamic conditions in a given area and is changed, similarly as these
      conditions, with a change in the position of the subject.

PMID- 673123
TI  - [Usefulness of glycerol in controlling brain edema].

PMID- 673124
TI  - [Ultrastructure of ependymoma myxopapillare].
AB  - The results of histological and ultrastructural investigations of a tumour of the
      type of myxopapillary ependymoma growing initially extradurally in the end-part
      of the vertebral canal are reported. The patient has been observed for 13 years.
      During the disease several recurrences and distant metastases outside the central
      nervous system were observed. Histological examinations were carried out of the
      primary tumour and recurrences or metastases and always an evident papillary
      structure of tissue was found with characteristic "oedematous" stroma. In
      submicroscopic investigations attention was called to the stroma and to the
      ultrastructure of neoplastic cells. Slit-like spaces with numerous microvilli
      protruding into their lumen were observed between the neoplastic cells lying
      pallisade-like on the surface of papillae. These slits seemed on cross-sections
      to be minute tubular structures. This submicroscopic feature was not paid
      attention to in two previous papers discussing the ultrastructure of
      myxopapillary ependymoma.

PMID- 673125
TI  - [Hepatolenticular degeneration in 2 families living in the lower Beskidy Mountain
      range].
AB  - Two families affected with Wilson's disease living in submontane villages of
      Lower Beskid are presented. The previous observations are confirmed that most of
      the subjects affected with the disease in Poland origin from geographic isolates.
      This phenomen is due to increased number of homozygotes in genetically isolated
      groups.

PMID- 673126
TI  - [Cavernous angioma of the medulla oblongata].
AB  - A case of cavernous angioma of the medulla oblongata with clinical manifestations
      developing during the course of upper respiratory tract infection in a boy aged
      16 years is described. In the first stage of the disease there were bulbar signs
      of gradually increasing intensity without changes in CSF. In the third week fatal
      haemorrhage to the medulla oblongata perforating into the cerebral ventricles and
      subarachnoid space occurred.

PMID- 673127
TI  - [Case of Henoch-Schoenlein purpura with neurological complications].
AB  - In a 11-year-old girl with urinary tract infection symptoms and signs of Henoch
      Schoenlein syndrome developed with neurological complications in the form of
      headaches, vomiting slightly marked signs of pyramidal tract and cerebellar
      damage and severe psychomotor temporal-lobe seizures. These very violent
      neurological manifestations disappeared completely after control of infection.
      The authors point out that prognosis in Henoch-Schoenlein syndrome even with such
      severe neurological complications is good.

PMID- 673128
TI  - [Treatment of brain aneurysms by microsurgical methods].

PMID- 673129
TI  - [Use of unaffected extremities in the rehabilitation of hemiparesis].

PMID- 673130
TI  - [Subacute epidural hematoma of the posterior fossa--a case study (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The authors presented a case of a subacute epidural hematoma of the posterior
      fossa, for which we never thought of a head injury at the admission. We discussed
      the diagnosis (the clinical pictures and X-ray findings), stressing that CT plays
      an important role especially in diagnosing posterior fossa diseases. Our case
      could probably not be diagnosed correctly without CT, because the conventional X
      ray examinations did not reveal clearly the space--occupying lesion in the
      posterior fossa, before CT was done. The following findings can be a clue to
      diagnose a posterior fossa hematoma: 1. occipital fracture (which was not found
      in our case) or suture diastasis, occipital scalp contusion, 2. progessive
      conscious disturbance, cerebellar and brain stem signs, pyramidal sigs and neck
      stiffness, 3. a patient has a tendency to lie on the side, especially on the
      lesion side. On angiography, substraction films must be obtained especially for
      the posterior fossa diseases. The posterior fossa veins of our case were
      opacified less on the left than on the right, and the left transverse sinus was
      apparently amputated in its opacification. These findings were due directly to
      the compression of the epidural hematoma. CT can promptly not only a posterior
      fossa hematoma, but also accompanied supratentorial lesions (concrecoup injury
      etc) simultaneously, therefore one can expect that there are not errors any more
      with CT to overlook the supratentorial contrecoup injury. Posterior fossa
      hematomas have usually a venous bleeding origin, from the transverse sinus,
      torcular Herophilli, emissary veins, bridging vein etc. therefore, present a
      slowly progressive and intermittent neurological signs, as the hematomas grow
      slowly.

PMID- 673131
TI  - [Thermography (author's transl)].

PMID- 673132
TI  - [Experimental cerebral infarction.--Part 3: The protective effect of mannitol in
      thalamus infarction in dogs (author's transl)].
AB  - One day during an aneurysm surgery under the preoperative administration of
      mannitol, the feeding artery was accidentally occluded temporarily. Since then,
      investigation on whether or not mannitol can prevent infarctions in ischemic
      brain tissues have been carried out utilizing the thalamus infarction model in
      dogs. Twenty dogs were divided into equal groups, the control and the mannitol
      group. Temporary clipping for sixty minutes was adopted as a standard for both
      groups. The only difference between the groups was the administration of 2 g/kg
      of mannitol before the arterial occlusions. In the control, six of ten dogs
      showed infarctions verified as histological changes on the seventh post-ischemic
      day. In the mannitol group only one of ten showed infarction. Each of the
      difference is statistically significant (P less than 0.03).

PMID- 673133
TI  - [Ischemic cerebral symptoms after subarachnoid hemorrhage due to aneurysmal
      rupture (author's transl)].
AB  - Among 169 patients treated at our clinic during past six years there were twenty
      four cases (14 per cent) in which cerebral ischemic symptoms gradually developed
      after full recovery from SAH due to aneurysmal rupture. Duration form the
      aneurysmal rupture to the onset of ischemic symptoms varied from four days to
      fourteen days (8 days on average). As the initial symptoms hemiparesis and
      disturbance of consciousness (18 and 14, respectively) were two major symptoms,
      and those who showed disturbance of consciousness had more grave prognosis than
      those with hemiparesis. There were no correlations between the initial symptoms
      and the sites of aneurysm, but the ICA cases had definitely poor prognosis among
      those who developed ischemic signs after SAH. Those who became symptomatic within
      7 days after  SAH had poorer prognosis than those who showed initial symptom more
      than 8 days after SAH. On angiograms which were done shortly after the onset of
      symptoms, severe  and extensive vasospasm was noted in all cases but four in
      which degree of vasospasm was not so severe and extensive. Operative treatment,
      when done within 5 days after the onset of ischemic symptoms had poorer results
      than when done over 6 days. As a conclusion, it is necessary to watch for
      possible onset of ischemic symptoms, especially in ICA patients, when seen later
      than four days after SAH. If ischemic symptoms were present and progressive, the
      operative treatment should be postponed until clinical course turns uphill by
      intensive treatments.

PMID- 673134
TI  - [Angiographical study of ruptured aneurysm in the multiple aneurysm patients
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Sixty four multiple intracranial aneurysm cases have been analysed for the
      purpose of identifying the relation between aneurysm rupture and aneurysmal
      features, mass signs, vasospasms and locations of the aneurysms. 1) 85% of the
      larger and largest aneurysm in each case were the ruptured aneurysm. 2) Aneurysms
      with a greater ratio of length to width showed a high frequency of rupturing. 3)
      Irregularities of the aneurysmal wall and the existence of a daughter aneurysm
      attached to the main aneurysm have a tendency to rupture. 4) Evidence of mass
      signs, associated with intracerebral, subarachnoid and subdural hematoma or a
      cerebral edema is also useful for the identification of the ruptured aneurysm. 5)
      Anterior communicating artery aneurysms have a relatively high frequency of being
      the ruptured aneurysm in cases of multiple aneurysm. 6) By utilizing all the
      investigated factors of the angiogram, the ruptured aneurysm might be identified
      in about 90% of the cases of multiple aneurysms.

PMID- 673135
TI  - [The role of sympathetic nerve and vasoactive amines in experimental cerebral
      vasospasm in dogs (author's transl)].
AB  - In order to study the role of sympathetic nervous system and vasoactive amines in
      cerebral arterial spasm, the following experiments were performed in dogs. In the
      first experiment, two weeks after bilateral removal of the superior cervical
      ganglion subarachnoid hemorrhage was produced by the puncture of the posterior
      communicating artery in six dogs. Second, the arterial blood of non-reserpinized
      dog was injected into the cisterna magna of another six reserpinized dogs.
      Diameter changes of the cerebral basal arteries before and after the experimental
      subarachnoid hemorrhage were observed utilizing the magnified vertebral
      angiography. Vasoconstriction 30 minutes after the puncture of the artery in the
      sympathectomized dogs was milder than that seen in the non-sympathectomized dogs,
      while vasoconstriction 24 hours after the subarachnoidal hemorrhage was induced
      similarly in degree in both groups. In reserpinized dogs, vasconstriction 30
      minutes after the experimental subarachnoidal hemorrhage was somewhat milder than
      that seen in control dogs, and angiograms taken 24 hours after the hemorrhage
      showed that vasoconstriction was remarkably milder than in control dogs.
      Noradrenergic fluorescence of the arterial wall after the puncture of the
      posterior communicating artery was examined using Falck's fluorescence
      histochemical method. Noradrenergic fluorescence in the arterial wall did not
      disappear 15 minutes, 24 hours and three weeks after the experimental
      subarachnoid hemorrhage. From these experimental results, it was suggested that
      the sympathetic innervation to cerebral arteries might contribute to induce early
      spasm, but not to late spasm. Moreover, it was speculated that vasoactive amines
      released from the damaged brain tissue might play a role in inducing late spasm.

PMID- 673136
TI  - [Studies on the fibrinolytic system in ruptured intracranial aneurysm.--Part 2:
      Fibrinogen changes in acute stage of SAH as a risk factor of the ischemic
      complications following vasospasm (author's transl)].
AB  - Repeated fibrinogen determination were made in 24 patients suffering from
      subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH), in order to know the influence of blood content of
      fibrinogen upon the ischemic complications following vasospasm. In 11 cases
      (group II) among those 24 patients admitted within two weeks after the last SAH
      due to ruptured intracrainal aneruysm, a rise in fibrinogen over 600 mg/dl
      occurred, while in remaining 12 cases (group I) the levels of fibrinogen were
      kept below 600 mg/dl during the acute stage. In cases of group II, fibrinogen
      began to increase in accordance with the augmentation of vasospasm and reached to
      peak within 4 to 9 days after the onset of SAH. Blood viscosity also increased
      showing positive correlation with the increase in fibrinogen, and rose over 1.5
      times normal value when fibrinogen exceeded 600 mg/dl. Reduction of anti-thrombin
      III was also observed in group II patients previous to the increase in
      fibrinogen, suggesting the occurrence of hypercoagulability in association with
      the appearance of vasospasm. In most cases of group II, their neurological signs
      deteriorated markedly at the time when fibrinogen rose over 600 mg/dl. The
      mortality in group II whose fibrinogen increased over 600 mg/dl was of 6 of 11,
      with poor recovery of function among the survivors; of those with levels below
      600 mg/dl (group I), only 1 of 12 died and all of remaining 11 made a reasonably
      good functional recovery. These facts suggest that the increase in fibrinogen
      would cause the aggression of the ischemic complications following vasospasm
      through the diminution the cerebral microcirculation induced by the raised blood
      viscosity, and the critical level of fibrinogen increase as the alarming sign for
      the ischemic complications was 600 mg/dl. One should attract attention to the
      changes of fibrinogen level as one of the risk risk factors in acute stage of
      SAH.

PMID- 673137
TI  - [An operative case of multiple meningioma (author's transl)].

PMID- 673138
TI  - [Repeated intracerebral hemorrhage in malignant astrocytoma--a case of apoplectic
      manifestation (author's transl)].
AB  - A case of 26-year-old female with malignant astrocytoma was described.
      Intracerebral hemorrhage appeared in apoplectic fashion on two occasions and
      surgery was done after each attack. At the first operation, a hematoma in the
      right putaminal region was totally evacuated and a specimen from the cavity wall
      showed tumor cells which could not be classified histologically at that time. The
      patient fully recovered postoperatively. Astrocytoma was confirmed 4 months later
      by the second operation for the repeated intratumoral hemorrhage. Only a half of
      the tumor was removed by the third operation. It was apparent that the tumor
      occupied the site of the right basal ganglia and infiltrated the internal
      copsule. We discussed the massive intratumoral hemorrhage and propose a
      craniotomy instead of simple trepanation for the treatment of intracerebral
      hematoma in order to make adequate biopsy of the hematoma wall and to remove the
      coexisting tumor, if present.

PMID- 673139
TI  - [A case of cerevical canal stenosis accompanied with congenital cervical fusion
      and extracranial occlusion of vertebral artery--a clinical and embryological
      study (author's transl)].
AB  - A case of cervical canal stenosis accompanied by congenital cervical fusion and
      extracerebral occlusive disease of the verebral artery was reported. A 39-year
      old male was admitted to our hospital on June 5, 1976, because of his shoulder
      strain, motor weakness and numbness of his left hand, and gait disturbance for a
      couple of months. Neurological examination disclosed spastic paraparesis with
      positive pyramidal signs in the four extremities which was greater on the left
      side, and the superficial and deep sensations were diminished below C-4
      dermatomes bilaterally. Spinal tap revealed crystal clear fluid under an initial
      pressure equivalent to 120 mm of water with a protein content of 20 mg/dl. Plain
      X-P and laminogram of the cervical spine showed congenital fusion of C 2-3,
      cervical  canal stenosis and cervical spondylosis. Posterior spurring of C 3-4
      was demonstrated only on the laminogram. Myelogram showed incomplete myelographic
      block at the site of C 3-4-5. The left retrograde brachial angiogram disclosed
      occlusion of the vertebral artery at the site of C3-4. where the proxymal
      vertebral artery anastomosed with the well developed muscular branch of the
      vertebral artery, taking a tortuous course at the leve of the transverse foramen
      of the atlas, and were opacified the distal vertebral artery and basilar artery.
      Each collateral flow extending from the deep cervical artery and ascending
      cervical artery anastomosed with the proxymal and distal portion of the occluded
      vertebral artery. In spite of conservative treatment for two weeks, the cord
      compression syndromes rather deteriorated. Posterior decompression, that is, C 2
      7 laminectomy and C 3-4 partial facetectomy were performed for relieving the
      symptoms. The postoperative course was uneventfull and there was progressive
      improvement of the sensory, motor and gait disturbance. The relationship betwen
      the cervical canal stenosis and cervical spondylosis and their clinco
      radiological problem were discussed. The close embryological relationship was
      very suggestive of the pathogenesis between the cervical bony lesion and
      congenital cervical fusion and the occlusive vascular lesion of the vertebral
      artery.

PMID- 673140
TI  - [Reconstructive surgery for the syndrome of kinked internal carotid artery-
      report of two cases (author's transl)].

PMID- 673141
TI  - Effect of various traumatic stresses on growth hormone release in pentobarbital
      anesthetized rats.
AB  - Catheterization of the femoral artery using rubber band restraint markedly
      lowered growth hormone (GH) levels in plasma of male rats which had been
      anesthetized with pentobarbital (PB). Other stressful factors existing in the
      process of catheterization, such as skin incision, soft tissue separation to
      expose the femoral artery, restraint on the back, catheterization with scotch
      tape restraint and catheterization without restraint, did not produce a
      significant suppression of plasma GH levels. On the other hand, in all
      catheterization a marked increase in plasma corticosterone (CS) levels was
      observed. When the tibia was broken in anesthetized rats, plasma GH levels
      dropped within 15 min, then gradually increased. However, use of a rubber band
      tourniquet for a long period caused a marked suppression of GH within 15 min
      which was maintained for 75 min. If the rubber band was removed 15 min after
      application, plasma GH levels gradually increased to pre-stress levels in 60 min.
      A spinal cord section prevented the suppressive effects of the rubber band
      tourniquet and tibia break on GH release. These results indicate that a strong
      stress, such as a rubber band tourniquet, inhibits the stimulatory effect of PB
      on GH release as long as the stress is continued.

PMID- 673142
TI  - Effects of cerebroventricular perfusion with monovalent and divalent cations on
      plasma cortisol of conscious cats.
AB  - The effects of altering the concentrations of various cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
      cations on hypothalamo-hypophyseal-adrenocortical (HHA) activity were
      investigated in conscious cats. The cerebroventricles were perfused with CSF
      containing high or low [Na+], [K+], [Li+], [Ca2+] and [Mg2+] for 60 min and
      plasma samples taken periodically for analysis of cortisol. The results
      demonstrate that changing CSF [Na+] or [Li+] does not substantially alter plasma
      cortisol levels. Although individually elevating CSF [K+], [Ca2+] or [Mg2+] does
      not affect plasma cortisol levels, reducing these CSF cations activates the HHA
      system and the latter in turn is inhibited by the addition of dexamethasone (DEX)
      to low cation CSF. The excitatory action of reduced [Ca2+] is also inhibited by
      the addition of norepinephrine to the perfusion fluid, suggesting that lowering
      this cation affects the HHA system by preventing the release of the adrenergic
      neurotransmitter. Furthermore, these data suggest that in conscious unrestrained
      cats basal HHA activity is dependent to some extent upon normal brain
      extracellular [K+], [Ca2+] and [Mg2+].

PMID- 673143
TI  - Effects of prolactin on LH release in male rats.
AB  - Normal and castrated male rats were injected subcutaneously (s.c.) with a
      homologous preparation of prolactin (Prl) for 4 1/2 days, and serum levels of LH
      and FSH were measured at the end of the treatment. LH was undetectable in normal
      animals, injected either with Prl or with the vehicle. The treatment produced a
      significant reduction of the levels of LH in the castrated animals. No effect on
      FSH levels could be observed in either the normal or the castrated animals. The
      only relevant autopsy finding was a reduction of pituitary weight in normal
      animals treated with Prl. No effect on the weight of the testes or of the sex
      accessories was observed. It is suggested that Prl may directly interfere with
      the central mechanisms which control LH secretion.

PMID- 673144
TI  - Serotonergic mediation of the suckling-induced release of prolactin in the
      lactating rat.
AB  - Lactating female rats were infused with the serotonergic neurotoxin, p
      chloramphetamine (PCA), via stainless steel cannulae implanted into either the
      3rd or the lateral ventricle. Those mothers receiving the drug in the 3rd
      ventricle sustained a more severe depletion of hypothalmic serotonin (43% vs 23%)
      and a significantly greater incidence of pup mortality (98% vs 48%) than those
      receiving the drug in the lateral ventricle. Coincident with the depletion of
      hypothalmic serotonin was a reduction in serum prolactin (Prl). Subcutaneous
      (s.c.) infections of Prl into each group of females sharply reduced the number of
      pup deaths. It was concluded that hypothalmic serotonergic neurons mediate the
      suckling-induced release of Prl necessary for the maintenance of lactation.

PMID- 673145
TI  - Acute effects of adrenergic receptor blocking drugs and neuroleptic agents on
      pulsatile discharges of luteinizing hormone in the ovariectomized rat.
AB  - Blood samples were taken every 5 min for a 3-h period from ovariectomized (OVX)
      adult rats bearing chronic venous catheters. After 1 h of sampling, an
      experimental drug was injected through the sampling catheter. The neuroleptics,
      chlorpromazine and haloperidol, blocked pulsatile discharges of luteinizing
      hormone (LH) in some animals, for periods of 65-120 min, as did the alpha
      adrenergic receptor blockers, phenoxybenzamine and phentolamine. Pimozide, a more
      specific dopaminergic blocking agent, had less effect, while neither the beta
      adrenergic receptor blocker, propranolol, nor the control treatments had any
      influence on the pulsatile LH patterns. The temporal pattern of inhibition of
      pulsatile discharges of LH by these drugs is more rapid than the inhibition
      caused by estrogen treatment in the OVX rat. These results suggest the presence
      of alpha, but not beta, adrenergic elements in the pulsatile mode of LH release
      in the OVX rat. They do not support the presence of dopaminergic elements, but
      neither do they conclusively deny it.

PMID- 673146
TI  - Effects of neonatal androgenization on serum gonadotropin levels of prepubertal
      and adult male and female rats.

PMID- 673147
TI  - Influence of cholinergic receptor blockade and stimulation on the anterior
      pituitary mitotic activity.
AB  - The effects of pilocarpine and atropine on the mitotic incidence in the anterior
      pituitary in male and ovariectomized estradiol-pretreated female rats was
      investigated. It was shown that pilocarpine stimulated, while atropine inhibited,
      the anterior pituitary mitotic activity. It was also shown that carbachol
      enhanced the mitotic incidence in the organ-cultured anterior pituitary and its
      effect was blocked by scopolamine. The existence of the muscarinic cholinergic
      receptor within the anterior pituitary, as well as its involvement in the control
      of the anterior pituitary mitotic activity, is suggested.

PMID- 673148
TI  - The release of acetylcholine in the perfused cat spinal cord in vivo.

PMID- 673149
TI  - Pharmacological characterization of the excitatory cholinergic receptors of rat
      central neurones.

PMID- 673150
TI  - Cardiovascular response to intracerebroventricular administration of
      acetylcholine in rats.

PMID- 673151
TI  - The participation of medullary reticular formation in clonidine-induced
      hypotension in rats.

PMID- 673152
TI  - Interactions between clonidine and antidepressant drugs: a method for identifying
      antidepressant-like agents.

PMID- 673153
TI  - Changes in brain tryptophan and tyrosine following acute and chronic morphine
      administration.

PMID- 673154
TI  - Disulfiram-induced hypothermia in the normal rat; its attenuation by pimozide.

PMID- 673155
TI  - Application of an improved cerebroventricular perfusion technique in the rabbit:
      effects of pentobarbital or haloperidol on monoamine metabolites and proteins in
      the perfusate.

PMID- 673156
TI  - Studies of the physiological roles of prostaglandins in the central nervous
      system.

PMID- 673157
TI  - The effect of viloxazine hydrochloride on the transport of noradrenaline,
      dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine and gamma-amino-butyric acid in rat brain tissue.

PMID- 673158
TI  - Implications of dose regimen and protein binding for plasma nortriptyline
      estimations.

PMID- 673159
TI  - Aversive properties of narcotic antagonists in rats.

PMID- 673160
TI  - The effect of clofibrate on total and free plasma tryptophan in depressed
      patients.

PMID- 673161
TI  - The mania rating scale: scale construction and inter-observer agreement.

PMID- 673162
TI  - Detection of two endorphin-like peptides in nucleus caudatus.

PMID- 673163
TI  - Schizophrenia: a study of genetic models and some of their implications.
AB  - The likelihoods of observing 25 four-generational families of schizophrenics
      comprising 1,333 individuals have been calculated on the basis of 12 different
      genetic models and one control 'sporadic' model. The control model gave a log10
      likelihood, L, of -240.92. Five of the genetic models were definitely exlcuded as
      incompatible with certain pedigrees. The three models with the highest
      likelihoods were: one locus, the heterozygote having a 10% probability of being
      classified schizophrenic (L: - 220.05); two interacting loci (L: -219.46), and
      four polygenes (L: -216.87).

PMID- 673164
TI  - Thyroid autoantibody levels during lithium therapy.
AB  - The study of the levels of thyroid antibodies was conducted in 58 patients
      treated with lithium and in 40 subjects who received other psychotropic drugs and
      who were used as controls. The measure of the antithyroglobulin antibodies were
      made by passive hemagglutination and that of the antimicrosomal antibodies by
      indirect immunofluorescence. For the whole control group, the research of the
      antithyroglobulin antibodies was positive in 3 cases, i.e. 7.5%. For the 58
      patients treated with lithium, this research was positive in 11 subjects, i.e.
      19%: thus, lithium seems to cause immunological reactions in the thyroid. 5
      lithium-treated patients developed a goiter. The antibody determination was
      positive in only 2 subjects and was negative in the others. The measure of
      antithyroid antibodies before lithium did not enable us to predict the emergence
      of thyroid complications. On the contrary, subjects treated with lithium
      presented signficantly high antibody levels without developing clinical thyroid
      manifestations.

PMID- 673165
TI  - Nosological and prognostic distinctions in schizophrenia: pharmacological
      validation in terms of therapeutic antagonism between anticholinergic anti
      parkinsonism drugs and neuroleptics.
AB  - In studying the relationships between anticholinergic-neuroleptic interactions
      and the nosological and prognostic distinctions in schizophrenia, we have shown
      that these distinctions have clinicopathological meaning. The countertherapeutic
      anticholinergic effects seemed to be particularly evident in the good outcome,
      schizophreniform cases and differentiated between the three diagnostic subtypes.
      Such effects were most conspicuous in the catatonics who also had the most
      favorable prognosis, while the paranoids differed from others in not only showing
      the least anticholinergic effects but also in not conforming to the relationship
      between these effects and prognosis. The findings are briefly considered in
      relation to those with wheat gluten which has also been shown to be a
      countertherapeutic factor in schizophrenia in another study.

PMID- 673166
TI  - Pharmacokinetic interaction between amitriptyline and neuroleptics.
AB  - The influence of amitriptyline on the plasma level of various neuroleptics was
      studied in 25 chronic schizophrenic patients. The study lasted 20 weeks. Patients
      were kept first 4 weeks on their former neuroleptic medication, with
      amitriptyline added for 12 subsequent weeks, and withdrawn during the last 4
      weeks when only the neuroleptic medication was continued unchanged. The plasma
      level of neuroleptics was assayed by gas-liquid chromatography, once weekly
      throughout the study. The amitriptyline plasma level was also evaluated once
      weekly during the 12 weeks of its administration. The mean neuroleptic plasma
      values for each 4-week period were pooled together in three groups: aliphatic,
      piperdine and piperazine phenothiazine derivatives. Amitriptyline provoked some
      increase of the plasma level of all phenothiazine derivatives. This augmentation
      was significant only transitorily, however. The putative mechanisms of this
      neuroleptic tricyclic antidepressant interaction are discussed.

PMID- 673167
TI  - Visual averaged evoked responses in patients with bipolar affective disorders.
AB  - 19 patients with bipolar affective disorders were investigated with visual
      averaged evoked responses (V.AER) to different stimulus intensities. 7 patients
      were investigated only in the depressive phase, 8 only in the manic phase, 2 in
      both the depressive and the manic phase, 1 in the manic phase and after recovery,
      and 1 patient was followed in both the depressive and the manic phase and when
      recovered. Both the comparisons between the independent groups and the results
      from the individual patients followed in different phases of the disorder
      indicate that patients in the depressive phase have a tendency to decrease in
      maximum amplitude when stimulus intensity is increased (reducing). Patients in
      the manic phase, on the other hand, show increasing maximum amplitude with
      increasing stimulus intensity (augmenting). The biochemical basis for this switch
      in augmenting/reducing tendency seem to be changes in the activity in the
      monoaminergic systems.

PMID- 673168
TI  - The radiographic features of unilateral megalencephaly.
AB  - Unilateral megalencephaly is a rare anomaly of the brain which causes enlargement
      of a lobe or an entire hemisphere. The radiological features of the disease are a
      poorly defined unusual mass effect on PEG, angiography and CT scan.
      Pathologically, the disease is thought to be due to abnormal cell migration in
      the 3rd month in utero.

PMID- 673169
TI  - Successful embolization of a fistula between the ascending pharyngeal artery and
      internal jugular vein.
AB  - The case of a fistula between the ascending pharyngeal artery and internal
      jugular vein in a patient with a high jugular bulb is presented. The lesion was
      missed by selective internal and external carotid angiography due to technical
      reasons, but was well demonstrated by common carotid and subsequent
      superselective ascending pharyngeal angiography. A single Gelfoam embolus soaked
      in Pantopaque obliterated the lesion.

PMID- 673170
TI  - Iodide and xenon enhancement of computed tomography (CT) in multiple sclerosis
      (MS).
AB  - The characteristic findings on computed tomography (CT) in multiple sclerosis
      (MS) are discussed. In a series of 49 cases plain CT was normal in 21 (43%),
      cerebral atrophy alone was present in 17 (35%) and plaques were visible in 11
      (23%). These were most often adjacent to the lateral ventricles (14 plaques) and
      in the parietal white matter (10 plaques). CT was performed after the intravenous
      administration of iodide in 16 of these cases. Three of the low attenuation and
      three additional isodense lesions enhanced. Two patients with low attenuation
      plaques were scanned with xenon enhancement; the plaques absorbed less xenon than
      the corresponding contralateral brain substance and additional, previously
      isodense plaques were revealed. In one case the white matter absorbed much less
      xenon than normal and its uptake relative to grey matter was reduced.

PMID- 673171
TI  - Extravascular iodine in contrast enhancement with computed tomography.
AB  - Using specimens obtained at operation, tissue-blood ratios of iodinated contrast
      material (iodine), and in some cases also those of red blood cell tracer (51Cr),
      were measured in 23 patients with various kinds of intracranial mass lesions.
      Results provided confirmatory evidence on the major role played by extravascular
      iodine in the positive enhancement effect with computed tomography.

PMID- 673172
TI  - Attenuation values of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
AB  - The attenuation value of CSF, obtained by lumbar puncture, was determined with
      computed tomography in 25 patients. Measurement of the protein content in the
      same samples showed no correlation with the attenuation value. It is concluded
      that in the normal range of protein concentrations, the effect on the attenuation
      is insignificant and that the attenuation value of the CSF might  be used to
      check large deviations in the CT numbers due to artifacts.

PMID- 673173
TI  - Attenuation changes of the ventricular CSF after intravenous injection of
      contrast material.
AB  - The CT attenuation change of the intraventricular CSF after i. v. administration
      of contrast material has been studied in 20 patients. A very small increase of
      attenuation was observed in the entire material. The method does not seem to be
      appropriate at present for the study of small attenuation changes in the CSF
      reflecting the passage of contrast material.

PMID- 673174
TI  - Gross deformity of the spine; a lumbar myelographic risk with Conray and Dimer X.
AB  - Convulsions and fracture of the neck of the femur following myelography with
      Conray and Dimer X are reported in two patients with a gross post-tuberculous
      gibbus deformity of the thoracic spine. The possible causes of the increased risk
      associated with myelography of the patients with gibbus are discussed.

PMID- 673175
TI  - The value of CT for the diagnosis of pituitary microadenomas in children.
AB  - Three cases of prepuberal hypopituitary dwarfism regarded as idiopathic, are
      reported. In two of them the skull X-rays showed questionable minimal alterations
      of the sella turcica; in the remaining child the examination was completely
      negative. All three children were found to have a pituitary intrasellar
      microadenoma on the CT scan. The diagnosis was confirmed during surgery. The
      postoperative followup demonstrated the relation of the lesion with growth
      retardation and the indication for surgical treatment.

PMID- 673176
TI  - Ectasia of the intracranial arteries diagnosed by computed tomography.
      Megadolichobasilar artery: CT diagnosis.
AB  - The megadolichobasilar anomaly may be diagnosed by CT as an extra-axial lesion in
      the cerebellopontine angle. It enhances in a tubular fashion after intravenous
      injection of contrast. Hydrocephalus resulting from obstruction of CSF
      circulation may be demonstrated.

PMID- 673177
TI  - The diagnosis of CSF fistulas with rhinorrhea by isotope cisternography.
AB  - The experience with the use of RIHSA cisternography in cases of spontaneous or
      posttraumatic CSF rhinorrhea is reported. The utility of this method for
      identifying the fistulous tract so that the neurosurgeon can, as far as he is
      able, carry out a direct and not solely exploratory operation is pointed out.

PMID- 673178
TI  - Seven intracranial aneurysms of the internal carotid arteries. Diagnosis by
      magnification angioautotomography.
AB  - A case with seven intracranial aneurysms is reported. Six aneurysms were on the
      left internal carotid artery and one on the right internal carotid artery.
      Magnification angioautotomography was used to demonstrate the aneurysms clearly.

PMID- 673179
TI  - Double fenestration of the extracranial vertebral artery.
AB  - This is a case report of an angiographically demonstrated double fenestration of
      the extracranial vertebral artery found at the same level.

PMID- 673180
TI  - Visualization of an acoustic neurinoma by radioisotope cisternography.
AB  - A case of acoustic neurinoma is reported. Clinical symptoms were typical, but
      brain scan, EEG, X-rays and the first CT failed to demonstrate the expected
      tumor.

PMID- 673181
TI  - [Current views on angiodysplasias of the limbs].

PMID- 673182
TI  - [Carotid-subclavian bypass as reoperation in the vertebro-basilar insufficiency
      syndrome].

PMID- 673183
TI  - [Behavior of various coagulation parameters in long-term extracorporeal
      oxygenation experiments].

PMID- 673184
TI  - [Effects of Verapamil on sinusal automatism and on conduction].

PMID- 673185
TI  - [Behavior of left ventricular dynamics in unstable intraventricular conduction
      disorders].

PMID- 673186
TI  - [Erythrocyanosis declivis. Study using rheography, capillaroscopy and
      xerography].

PMID- 673187
TI  - [Capillarotropic action of anthocyanosides in high dosage in phlebopathic
      statis].

PMID- 673188
TI  - [Shell-like calcifications of the left atrium. Apropos of 5 operated cases].

PMID- 673189
TI  - [Oscillographic changes after femoro-femoral bypass].

PMID- 673190
TI  - [Disorders of intraventricular conduction of the stimulus in the aged].

PMID- 673191
TI  - [The vectorcardiogram in akinesia of the anterior and apical walls of the left
      ventricle].

PMID- 673192
TI  - [Effects of the combination of digitalis and carbochromen on cardiac metabolism
      in angina pectoris].

PMID- 673193
TI  - [Thymectomy in myasthenia gravis. Our experience].

PMID- 673194
TI  - [The popliteal artery constriction syndrome].

PMID- 673195
TI  - [Grafting of preserved venous segments in the production of internal
      arteriovenous fistulas for hemodialysis].

PMID- 673196
TI  - [Systolic times in left branch block].

PMID- 673197
TI  - [Use of infrared photography in vascular symptomatology].

PMID- 673198
TI  - [Platelet aggregation in atherosclerotic disease after administration of lysine
      acetylsalicylate].

PMID- 673199
TI  - [Tetralogy of Fallot with anomalous origin of the left pulmonary artery from the
      ascending aorta. Review of literature and description of a case].

PMID- 673200
TI  - [Surgical treatment of inflammatory diseases of the colon : ulcerative colitis,
      Crohn's disease, diverticulitis].
AB  - Operations and follow-up examinations were conducted on 106 patients with
      ulcerative colitis, 33 with colitis Crohn, and 163 with diverticulitis, at the
      University Clinics of Cologne and Munich. Overall mortality rates were 24.5% (n =
      26), 6.1% (n = 2) and 16% (n = 26), respectively. In the surgical treatment of
      ulcerative colitis the possibility of malignant degeneration and, in the case of
      Crohn's disease, prevention of recurrences must be taken into consideration.
      Whether Crohn's disease is a precancerous conditions remains to be clarified.
      Choosing the optimal time for operative intervention is as important in
      diverticulitis as in ulcerative colitis. Because of the possibility of
      complications and the high risk of operation, early intervention is recommended
      for diverticulitis.

PMID- 673201
TI  - [The role of bilio-digestive shunts in surgery of non-neoplastic diseases of the
      biliary tract and papillary region. Assessment of 70 cases].
AB  - Indications for and results of bilio-digestive shunt are discussed and basic
      stages described. The data refer to non-cancerous pathology of the bile ways. It
      is concluded that the operation should always be carried out in the first
      instance (comparatively high intracholedochic pressure values, moderate
      dilatation of the main bile way, calculosis of the papilla) and not just at
      reoperation. This convinction is backed up by the very low operative mortality,
      the good long-term results and the operation's comparatively easy performance.

PMID- 673202
TI  - [Hemobilia caused by rupture of a false aneurysm of the left branch of the
      hepatic artery].
AB  - The pathogenetic and diagnostic features of false aneurysm of the left branch of
      the hepatic artery are discussed in the light of a personal case. It is felt that
      ligation of the vessel constitutes the treatment of choice, whereas hepatic
      resection should be undertaken in the case of very peripheral aneurysms.

PMID- 673203
TI  - [Adenomyoma of the gallbladder].
AB  - The clinical, anatomopathological and radiological data concerning adenomyoma of
      the gall bladder are considered. The differential features of the pain in
      patients suffering from adenomyoma and calculosis are reviewed and a line of
      therapeutic conduct proposed in the light of modern pathogenetic views.

PMID- 673204
TI  - [Our experience with the treatment of recurrences after surgery of hiatal hernia
      and cardial achalasia].

PMID- 673205
TI  - [An unusual complication of hiatal hernia: perforation of an ulcer of the
      intrathoracic stomach into the left ventricle].
AB  - A case of gastric ulcer perforated into the left ventricle is described. A hiatus
      hernia was present and the ulcer was located in the intrathoracic portion of the
      stomach. The patient, a 76-year-old woman, died for massive bleeding into the
      gastrointestinal tract; the left ventricle was the probable source of the
      bleeding.

PMID- 673206
TI  - [Embolisms of the upper extremities].
AB  - 6 cases of upper extremity embolism observed over the past three years are
      reported. Fogarty embolectomy was carried out in all patients, favourable
      revascularization results being obtained in 5. Forearm amputations was necessary
      in 1 case owing to the presence of ischaemic lesions that were already advanced
      at admittance, further proof that results depend above all on the vitality of the
      extremity rather than on the duration of the arterial occlusion.

PMID- 673207
TI  - [Results of treatment in early carcinoma of the stomach].
AB  - From 1961 to 1975, 53 patients were operated on for early carcinoma of the
      stomach, 24 or the total of 57 cancer sites being limited to the mucosa, 33
      having already infiltrated into the submucosa. Macroscopically, most of them were
      ulcerative carcinoma, while histologically the intestinal type predominated. The
      cumulative five-year survival rate (excluding hospital deaths) was 86.5%, while
      after "typical" carcinoma resection by the Billroth II procedure with removal of
      the greater and lesser omentum it was 100% for mucosal and 93% for submucosal
      carcinoma.

PMID- 673209
TI  - [Surgical treatment of echinococcal cysts with double hepatic and pulmonary
      localizations].
AB  - On the basis of some personal cases and with reference to world literature on the
      subject, the surgical treatment of liver and lung localized echinococcus cyst is
      discussed. Special attention is paid to 1) thoracotomy which may in some cases
      become a thoraco-phreno-laparatomy, the only approach which leads to really
      effective control of the field; 2) problems of suction drainage, particularly as
      regards diaphragm mobility in cases of thoraco-phreno-laparatomy.

PMID- 673208
TI  - [Critical considerations on paradoxical gangrene after sympathetic denervation].
AB  - Examination of numerous cases of lumbar gangionectomy has shown that paradoxical
      gangrene forms a particular complication, the origin of which has been discussed
      at length. It is felt that haemodynamic changes induced by the operation are
      predisposing factors, while personal experience suggests that thrombosis is
      responsible for the underlying acute vascular insufficiency in the immediate
      postoperative period. Evidence for this view is presented in the form of a case
      of iliac thrombosis following gangionectomy, in which disobstruction was
      necessary.

PMID- 673210
TI  - [Notes on 4000 surgical operations for biliary tract calculosis. I. Papillotomy
      and papillosphincterotomy. Indications and results].
AB  - Personal experience with papillotomy and papillosphincterotomy in calculosis of
      the PBD is reported. The indications and results obtained are discussed. The
      techniques employed are described and an assessment is made of the extent to
      which these operations can be performed without causing unnecessary damage to the
      sphincter.

PMID- 673211
TI  - [Late radiological aspects after vagotomy and gastric drainage].
AB  - Personal experience in 87 cases of vagotomy and gastric drainage is presented.
      Pyloroplasty according to Heinecke-Mikulicz was performed in 50 cases and
      drainage according to Judd in 9. Three groups were distinguished on the basis of
      the presence of a "gastroduodenal canal" and "pseudodiverticula". Twenty-two
      patients were subjected to a Finney pyloroplasty, radiologically visible is a
      transparent line from the large curvature of the antrum to the lesser curvature
      medially. Jaboulay-Alexiu gastroduodenostomy was performed in 6 cases. Here
      anastomosis between the large curvature and the second duodenal portion was
      noted, with preservation of the pylorus. Mention is made of the difficulty of
      recurrent ulcer diagnosis and the exact interpretation of the appearance of the
      antrum, pylorus and duodenum after drainage operations of this type.

PMID- 673212
TI  - [Cryosurgery for hemorrhoids].
AB  - The new cryosurgical method of treating haemorrhoids is examined. Stress is laid
      on the importance of proper operation technique and correct evaluation of
      candidates. Infection, fistulae, abscesses, and stenosis are absolute
      contraindications.

PMID- 673213
TI  - [Ligation with elastic ligature: an alternative in the treatment of hemorrhoidal
      diseases].
AB  - Rubber band ligation, first described by Blaisdell, is an effective way of
      treating internal haemorrhoids. Treatment is ambulatory, thus saving time and
      costs. Experiences with 72 patients show this method to be superior to injection
      therapy and haemorrhoidectomy because of the simplicity of technique, the short
      period of treatment and the minimal discomfort for the patients. In our opinion
      rubber band ligation is the treatment of choice in managing internal
      haemorrhoids.

PMID- 673214
TI  - [Surgical indications in aspecific pneumopathies].
AB  - A degree course lecture based on a review of the relevant literature and
      experience gained at a 1000-bed lung hospital (S. Luigi Hospital, Orbassano) is
      presented in a shortened form. Attention is drawn to the revival of discarded
      techniques due to anaesthesiological and medical advances. This has considerably
      extended the surgical indications.

PMID- 673215
TI  - [Blood level of thyroid hormones in surgical thyroid diseases. Pre-,intra- and
      post-operative T3 and T4 levels].
AB  - A pre-, intra- and post-operative determination of thyroid hormone in values in
      the peripheral and thyroid vein reflux blood of patients with thyroid disorders
      requiring surgery showed that the so-called intraoperative squeezing of the gland
      either does not place or is of little importance when delicate surgical movements
      are commenced. A low incidence of intraoperative arrhythmia was also noted.
      Prevention of the latter is not indicated, since it is often dependent on
      surgical movements and/or unorthodox anaesthesiological management.

PMID- 673216
TI  - [Surgery in the prevention and treatment of intestinal occlusion caused by
      adhesions. Reymond's method of enteropexy. (Experience with 69 cases)].
AB  - The state of the art with regard to surgical management in the prevention and
      treatment of intestinal occlusion caused by adhesions is described and the
      various operations proposed are examined. Noble's operation (folding and overcast
      suture of the intestinal loops)-the first to be proposed requires too much time
      for its execution. In addition, it restricts loop mobility and thus predisposes
      to recurrences and complications. The operation of Childs & Philips (folding of
      the intestine by accordion attachment of the mesentery with transfixing, looped
      wires) is quicker, but its wires result in a certain degree of vascular and
      enteric affection. Folding via intubation of the whole of the small intestine
      with a long catheter, using a nasogastric, gastrostomic or jejunostomic route, is
      both simple and rapid. It is particularly advisable in non-peritonitic
      obstruction in children and as a prophylactic measure. Reymond's operation
      (enteropexy with two simple and fundamental, lateral "virage" sutures) may be
      segmentary or total, or confined to a few loops. It is very simple and quick. It
      can always be used and is adaptable to the objective situation in each case.
      Personal experience with this operation in 69 cases (54 "therapeutic" and 15
      "prophylactic") is presented. Two instances of recurrence due to poor technique
      were noted. It is felt that the operation is extremely satisfactory.

PMID- 673217
TI  - [Priapism. Etiopathogentic, clinical and therapeutic considerations].
AB  - The aetiopathogenesis and clinical picture of 3 cases of priapism are described,
      along with the treatment employed. The first patient suffered from thalassaemia
      minor, whereas in the second case priapism was a manifestation of aneurysm of the
      abdominal aorta perforated in the cava. In the last case, erection was a sequela
      of surgery for hydrocoele performed under peridural anaesthesia.

PMID- 673220
TI  - [Technical note on liberation of the ureter in radical hysterectomy].

PMID- 673219
TI  - [A case of enterogenous cyst of the duodenum].

PMID- 673218
TI  - [Notes on the use of applied mechanics in a possible interpretation of skull
      fractures].
AB  - Principles of applied mechanics dealing with the breakage of two-dimensional
      medium, flat or round surfaced bodies can be used in the interpretation of skull
      fractures. Qualitative assessment can be essentially based on Johansen's yielding
      lines. This offers a justification for the term "lamina vitrea" assigned by
      anatomists and surgeons to the inner table of the skull.

PMID- 673221
TI  - [Icidence and distribution as a function of age and menopausal status of
      estradiol receptors in breast cancer].

PMID- 673222
TI  - [Progesterone receptors in breast cancers. Current research and prospects].

PMID- 673223
TI  - [Modifications of the protocol of treatment of cancers of the cervix uteri in the
      I Clinica Ostetrica e Ginecologica of the Universita di Torino].

PMID- 673224
TI  - [Valle's method of lumbo-pelvic lymphadenectomy].

PMID- 673225
TI  - [Peroperative technical tactics for the prevention of ureteral fistulas and
      stenosis (proceedings)].

PMID- 673226
TI  - [Postoperative care and prevention of postoperative urinary fistulas in radical
      operations].

PMID- 673227
TI  - [Omental containment of intestinal loops in pelvic evisceration].

PMID- 673228
TI  - [Complications of the radio-surgical treatment of cancer of the cervix uteri].

PMID- 673229
TI  - [Anatomo-pathological verification of dosimetry using a calculator in
      curietherapy of cancer of the cervix uteri].

PMID- 673230
TI  - [The tumorectomy-TCT-interstitial curietherapy in the treatment of breast cancers
      in the initial phase].

PMID- 673231
TI  - [Systematic hormonal, chemotherapeutic, and surgical treatment of endometrial
      cancer and endometrial precancerous lesions].

PMID- 673232
TI  - [The metrofusion technic in septate malformations of the uterine cavity.
      Technical aspects and results in 38 cases].

PMID- 673233
TI  - [Importance and value of colposcopic findings in decentralized hospitals in the
      case of patients with blood loss from the external genitalia].

PMID- 673234
TI  - [A case of gonadal dysgenesis classifiable as Turner's syndrome].

PMID- 673235
TI  - [X-ray methods of localization of IUD's].

PMID- 673237
TI  - [Possibilities of vaginal delivery in patients with previous cesarean section].

PMID- 673236
TI  - [Clinico-statistical considerations on the current incidence of cesarean
      section].

PMID- 673238
TI  - [Cesarean section. Considerations on a series of cases in the Istituto].

PMID- 673239
TI  - [Cesarean section. Socio-economic and clinical correlations].

PMID- 673240
TI  - [Incidence and indications for cesarean section in Valle d'Aosta in the last 5
      year period (1972-1976)].

PMID- 673241
TI  - [Cesarean section today].

PMID- 673242
TI  - [Current views on cesarean section in various provinical hospitals].

PMID- 673243
TI  - [The maternal risk in cesarean section].

PMID- 673244
TI  - [Current anesthetic technics in cesarean section (proceedings)].

PMID- 673245
TI  - [Progestin treatment in a case of adrenal cortex hyperfunction with cancer of the
      endometrium].

PMID- 673246
TI  - [Essential uterine hemorrhage].

PMID- 673247
TI  - [Hepatogestosis. Limitations of maternal hepatic function tests in feto-neonatal
      prognosis].

PMID- 673248
TI  - [Induction of labor with prostaglandins in 103 patients].

PMID- 673249
TI  - [Neonatal prognosis in premature labor].

PMID- 673250
TI  - [Suppression of lactation with clomiphene citrate. Effects of prolactin].

PMID- 673251
TI  - [Various cases of osseous metastases in carcinoma of the uterus].

PMID- 673252
TI  - [The Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuester-Hauser syndrome. Description of 3 cases].

PMID- 673253
TI  - [Tuberculosis of the breast. Evaluations and description of a case].

PMID- 673254
TI  - [Neoplastic pathology of the vulva: unusual case of neurinoma of the clitoris].

PMID- 673255
TI  - [Hematoma of the umbilical cord. A clinical case].

PMID- 673256
TI  - [Superfetation: a debated problem. Considerations on a suggestive case of twin
      pregnancy].

PMID- 673257
TI  - [A new specific micromethod of the spectrophotometric determination of fructose
      in the ejaculum].

PMID- 673258
TI  - [Labor analgesia with lysine acetylsalicyclate. Evaluation of various
      respiratory, circulatory and hematological parameters in mothers and newborn
      infants].

PMID- 673259
TI  - [Current possibilities of treatment of pelvic inflammations].

PMID- 673260
TI  - [Vaginal hysterectomy as the operation of choice in benign gynecologic diseases].

PMID- 673261
TI  - [Treatment of Bartholin gland cysts using marsupialization].

PMID- 673262
TI  - [Sacral ectopic kidney and hysterectomy].

PMID- 673263
TI  - Effect of papain on the skeletal and general development of the rat.

PMID- 673264
TI  - Alkaline ribonuclease activity in plasma and leucocytes of malnourished women.
AB  - Alkaline RNase activity was measured in plasma and leucocytes of pregnant and non
      pregnant women belonging to low and high socio-economic groups. It was observed
      that the enzyme activities were significantly higher in pregnant as well as non
      pregnant women of the low socio-economic group as compared to women of the high
      socio-economic group. There was no correlation between the enzyme activities in
      maternal or cord blood on the one hand and birth weight of the infants on the
      other. These results suggest that RNase activities in maternal blood reflect the
      nutritional status of the mother but not that of the fetus.

PMID- 673265
TI  - Influence of lanthanum on calcium transport and retention in the rat duodenum.
AB  - The present study examined the effects of lanthanum on calcium retention and
      transport in rat duodenal segments in vitro. Increasing the concentration of
      lanthanum from 0.1 to 10 mM in both the serosal and mucosal media produced a
      progressive decrease in tissue calcium retention and calcium transport. The
      addition of 10 mM lanthanum to the mucosal media alone reduced both calcium
      retention and transport. The addition of 10 mM lanthanum to the serosal media
      alone decreased calcium transport but did not alter total calcium retention by
      the duodenal segments. The results of this study indicate that lanthanum at a
      concentration of 1--10 mM acts at calcium transport sites in rat duodenum to
      reduce both calcium uptake and extrusion, with the net result that the addition
      of lanthanum to either the mucosal media, serosal media or both significantly
      reduced calcium transport.

PMID- 673266
TI  - [Effect of gum guar diet on feces microbiology in rats].
AB  - Approximately 8--10 days after gum guar was added to the diet of rats, the total
      bacterial counts in their feces, in particular Clostridium and Lactobacillus,
      were increased, whereas the number of coliforms was reduced. In contrast to the
      long, slender, rod-shaped cells in the Gram-stained fecal smears of the control
      animals, the feces of the gum guar-fed animals showed a predominance of short,
      broad, Gram-positive rods. When gum guar was omitted from the diet of these
      animals, their feces could not be distinguished from those of control animals.

PMID- 673267
TI  - Clinical nutrition, an interface between human ecology and internal medicine.

PMID- 673268
TI  - Improving nutrition among Asian children in Britain.

PMID- 673269
TI  - Breast feeding and avoidance of food antigens in the prevention and management of
      allergic disease.

PMID- 673270
TI  - Vitamin C and phagocyte function.

PMID- 673271
TI  - Folate-losing gastropathy in giant hypertrophic gastritis.

PMID- 673272
TI  - The role of milk leukocytes in protection from necrotizing enterocolitis.

PMID- 673273
TI  - Intestinal development affected by prenatal protein deprivation.

PMID- 673274
TI  - [Treatment of central dystrophy of the retina using the subthreshold energy of a
      ruby laser].

PMID- 673275
TI  - [Pathogenesis of sclerotic macular dystrophy].

PMID- 673276
TI  - [Nature of the change in fixation point position in Stargardt's tapetoretinal
      macular dystrophy and the patterns of the change in visual functions].

PMID- 673277
TI  - [Cysts and true and false ruptures of the retina in the macula lutea].

PMID- 673278
TI  - [Use of vitamin B6 in the overall treatment of elderly patients with primary
      dystrophies of the central portion of the fundus oculi].

PMID- 673279
TI  - [Eye injuries and burns as a cause of economic losses].

PMID- 673280
TI  - [Biomedical effects millimeter radio waves].

PMID- 673281
TI  - [Use of an individual clinical hyperbaric oxygenation system in the overall
      treatment of diseases of the organ of vision].

PMID- 673282
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of the morphological and electron microscopic changes of
      the drainage system of the eye in physiological aging and primary open-angle
      glaucoma].

PMID- 673283
TI  - [Use of fibrinolysin after microsurgical operations for glaucoma].

PMID- 673285
TI  - [Visual field disorders in brain tumors in children].

PMID- 673284
TI  - [General somatic treatment of eye pathology patients requiring prolonged bed
      rest].

PMID- 673286
TI  - [Physiological mechanisms providing prolonged functional activity in postmitotic
      eye tissue cells].

PMID- 673287
TI  - [Zinc histotopography in the eye tissues of intact rats and in experimental
      diabetes].

PMID- 673288
TI  - [Modern experimental electrophysiological research on the fast fibers and slow
      fibers of the external eye muscles].

PMID- 673289
TI  - [New operating technic for revascularization of the vascular coat of the eye (in
      retinal pigment degeneration, thrombosis and optic nerve atrophy)].

PMID- 673290
TI  - [Additions to S. A. Liubarskii's computational table for the localization of
      foreign bodies in meridian planes of embedment in relation to the membranes of
      spherical eyes of different diameters].

PMID- 673291
TI  - [Results of using a Filatov pedicle flap in ophthalmology].

PMID- 673292
TI  - [Basic indications for the operation of ultrasonic phacoemulsification].

PMID- 673293
TI  - [Phacoemulsification with simultaneous implantation of a pupillary intraocular
      lens].

PMID- 673294
TI  - [Indications for cataract phacoemulsification].

PMID- 673295
TI  - [Methodological procedures for cataract extraction in children].

PMID- 673296
TI  - [Surgical treatment of juvenile glaucoma].

PMID- 673297
TI  - [Thromboelastographic indices in primary glaucoma].

PMID- 673298
TI  - [Change in facial skin electric potentials in glaucoma].

PMID- 673299
TI  - [Economic effectiveness of the microsurgical technic in ophthalmology].

PMID- 673300
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of 2 models of intraocular lenses (the iris-clip-lenses
      and the extrapupillary iris-lenses)].

PMID- 673301
TI  - [Cataractogenic action of corticosteroids in collagenoses].

PMID- 673302
TI  - [Growth of a retinoblastoma into the vascular coat of the eye and its recurrences
      in the orbit].

PMID- 673304
TI  - [Biochemical indices of the blood in schoolchildren with myopia].

PMID- 673303
TI  - [Use of selenomethionine-75 in the diagnosis of intraocular neoplasms].

PMID- 673305
TI  - [Effect of ultrasonics of varying intensity on the extent of manifestation and
      duration of poststimulation cytochemical retinal changes].

PMID- 673306
TI  - [Alkaline and acid phosphatase activity and localization in the eye tissues and
      fluids in herpetic keratitis].

PMID- 673308
TI  - [Attachment to the ShchL-56 slit lamp for biomicroophthalmoscopy in polarized
      light].

PMID- 673307
TI  - [Blood coagulation and fibrinolysis tissue factors on the 15th day of traumatic
      hemophthalmos and its heparin treatment].

PMID- 673309
TI  - ["Patient movement stand" as a means of optimizing the management of a
      consolidated eye hospital].

PMID- 673310
TI  - [Acute obstruction of the retinal vessels in epidemic parotitis].

PMID- 673311
TI  - [Ascarid larva in the eyeball].

PMID- 673312
TI  - [Meningioma of the eye].

PMID- 673313
TI  - Leo 1031 (NSC-134087) in gynecologic malignancies.
AB  - Thirty-nine patients with gynecological malignancies who had failed on
      conventional chemotherapeutic agents were treated with Leo 1031 to study the
      effective dosage and toxicity of the compound in gynecological malignancies. Six
      patients with ovarian adenocarcinoma were also treated subsequently by using this
      compound as primary therapy. Comparable results (33% response rate) were obtained
      with excellent subjective response rate) were obtained with excellent subjective
      response and minimal hematologic toxicity. Leo 1031 given 30 mg per day was well
      tolerated by most of the patients but increasing the dose to 40 mg per day led to
      development of severe hematologic toxicity with no change in response rate. No
      patients developed clinical evidence of steroid toxicity.

PMID- 673314
TI  - Continuous treatment of non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma with prednimustine (Leo
      1031).
AB  - The effect of Prednimustine was evaluated in 37 patients with generalised non
      Hodgkin's lymphomas. The patients were divided into three groups according to
      dosage and previous treatment. Totally, in all three groups, 22 complete and 10
      partial remissions were observed. During follow-up, five of the complete
      responders and all partial responders have relapsed. Leucopenia and
      thrombocytopenia were induced in several patients, but were always moderate and
      reversible after withdrawal of the drug. In some patients with a history of
      peptic ulcer or diabetes mellitus, these conditions were aggravated.

PMID- 673315
TI  - Monoclonal gammapathy, multiple myeloma and cancer.
AB  - Seventeen cancer patients with monoclonal gammapathy on serum protein
      electrophoresis are described. Thirteen of these patients were proved to have
      multiple myeloma, while four patients had "benign" monoclonal gammapathy. In all
      the cases where bone marrow aspiration was done, an increase in plasma cells was
      revealed. A majority of the myeloma patients had osteolytic lesions, while all
      the patients with "benign" monoclonal gammapathy had normal bone survey. A
      relationship between the solid tumors and monoclonal gammapathy is discussed. The
      difficulty of detecting multiple myeloma in patients who are previously known to
      have cancer is presented.

PMID- 673316
TI  - Squamous cell carcinoma associated with sarcoidosis in the lung.
AB  - A male patient, operated for squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, in whom
      sarcoidosis was discovered in the resected lung specimen, is reported. The
      increased association of sarcoidosis along with malignant diseases is discussed,
      as well as the various mechanisms probably responsible for this association.

PMID- 673318
TI  - The facial muscles of Manis pentadactyla Linne.

PMID- 673317
TI  - The metastatic spread of cancers of the digestive system in man.

PMID- 673319
TI  - [Cortical reaction in starred sturgeon eggs following fertilization and
      artificial activation].
AB  - An electron microscopical study of the fertilized sevryuga eggs has shown that 3
      sec after insemination the most cortical granules in the region of the animal
      pole are already dehiscing and 10 to 30 sec the cortical granules release their
      contents under the membrane, but between the groups of cortical granules the
      contact of the cytoplasm with the membrane is still preserved. The full
      separation of the membrane observed under the light microscope at these times of
      fixation (San Felice fluid) is an artifact due to changes in the cortical
      cytoplasm properties. The rate of spreading of the cortical reaction over the egg
      surface is reduced from the animal pole to the vegetative one. By the criterion
      of the first changes discernible under the light microscope (formation of
      vacuoles and cytoplasmic threads between them) the maximal rate in the region of
      the animal pole amounts 360.5 mcm/sec and the average rate of the whole egg 46.5
      mcm/sec; by the criterion of membrane separation the average rate amounts to 26.8
      mcm/sec (at the temperature 21.9 degrees). The average rate of spreading of the
      cortical reaction in the sevryuga eggs is close to that in the sturgeon
      (Acipenser guldenstadti) and exceed ca. 3 times that in the sea urchin and
      teleostean eggs. The cortical reaction spreads at the same rate both in the
      fertilized and activated sevryuga eggs.

PMID- 673320
TI  - [Heat sensitivity of starred sturgeon follicles at different stages of their
      maturation period].
AB  - The influence of sharp temperature shift and proportioned keeping of the sevryuga
      females at a low temperature on the oocyte maturation and ovulation has been
      studied. The reaction of the follicles to similar influences was shown to differ
      at different stages of the period of maturation inertia: the follicles remained
      intact at the stages prior to the germinal vesicle (oocyte nucleus) breakdown,
      were damaged in a part of females at the prometa- and metaphase I and in the most
      females at the prometa- and metaphase II. The injection of triiodothyronine to
      the females subjected to cooling at different stages of the period of maturation
      inertia exerted no effect on the oocyte ovulation and the egg fertilizability.

PMID- 673321
TI  - [Change in the concentration and intensity of synthesis of RNA in cell cultures
      of Chironomus thummi during metamorphosis].
AB  - The content and intensity of incorporation of 3H-uridine in RNA of chromosomes,
      nucleoli and cytoplasm isolated by microsurgery from the salivary glands of
      larvae and prepupae of Chironomus thummi were studied following the incubation of
      salivary glands in the Cannon's medium with 3H-uridine. It was shown that during
      metamorphosis the content of RNA and intensity of 3H-uridine incorporation
      decrease in the nucleolus and cytoplasm in a prepupa, as compared with a larva,
      and suffer no changes in chromosomes in spite of much larger size of many puffs
      in a prepupa. The patterns of RNA synthesis in the salivary glands of larvae
      during metamorphosis are discussed.

PMID- 673322
TI  - [Acetylcholinesterase activity in the nervous system of normal planaria and
      during regeneration].
AB  - The acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity was studied in the nervous system of
      planarians in the normal state and during regeneration. During the regeneration
      of the cephalic body end, the AChE appears in the cells of the newly formed
      ganglion on the 5th day. During the regeneration of caudal body end, the AChE
      activity in the residual ganglion after the cut exceeds the normal level. The
      possible role of the ACh system in the processes of planarian regeneration is
      discussed.

PMID- 673323
TI  - [Formation of endopolyploid cells with the morphology of classic endomitosis
      during ontogenesis of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria (Forskal)
      (Orthoptera)].
AB  - The morphological observations of cells of the basal region of seminal follicles,
      studies of 3H-thymidine and 3H-uridine incorporation and results of
      cytophotometric DNA determination have shown that during the larval development
      the cells which have morphological features of classical endomitosis in the
      differentiated state are reproduced. Their reproduction and polyploidization
      takes place in the definite, morphologically delineated zone in the basal region
      of seminal follicle. From the latter zone these cells migrate in the middle zone
      where they function. At the same time changes in their morphology are observed:
      cell flattening, chromatin loosening in the nuclei, appearance of morphologically
      distinct chromosomes. The level of 3H-uridine incorporation increases.

PMID- 673324
TI  - [Relationship between the duration of the mitotic cycle and the G2-period in
      sister cells of wheat root meristem and the ratio of their lengths].
AB  - The frequency of different types of pairs and triads of sister cells with
      labelled or unlabelled cells in mitosis was determined at different times after
      short-term incubation with 3H-thymidine to establish whether the mitotic cycle
      and G2-period duration depends on the cell length. Out of two sister cells of the
      pair, the larger cell used to have shorter mitotic cycle and G2-period than the
      smaller one. No direct dependence of the different ratios between their lengths
      was, however, shown. This is due to the absence of direct correlation between the
      mitotic cycle and G2-period durations. Possible causes of the absence of such a
      correlation are discussed.

PMID- 673325
TI  - [Relationship between the phases of mitosis in the cells of chimeric loach
      embryos].
AB  - The loach embryos differing in age by 0.5 tau0 (tau0--duration of the mitotic
      cycle during the synchronous cleavage divisions) were combined in pairs at the
      stage of 4--8 blastomeres to elucidate the role of intercellular relationships in
      the preservation of cell division synchrony during cleavage. Following the
      incubation during 3 tau0 the mean value of interval between mitotic phases in the
      pairs of combined embryos somewhat decreased but this phenomenon cannot be
      considered as the proof of cell division synchronization due to the intercellular
      relationships since it was observed to the same extent in all groups of chimaeric
      embryos irrespective of the degree of fusion as well as in the control embryos.

PMID- 673326
TI  - [Distribution of the intensity of free radical reactions at different stages of
      bud growth and in adult hydra].
AB  - The distribution of free radical reactions was studied by means of grafted
      copolymerization of 14C-acrylamide monomer in the ectoderm of growing bud and
      adult Hydra. Several states of regionalization were established in the process of
      bud growth: absence of local differences, presence of local differences and
      presence of the peak of free radical reactions in the hypostome region,
      characteristic of adult Hydra. The initiation of budding is not accompanied by
      the activation of free radical reactions in this region. No direct relationship
      between the metabolic regionalization and morphological rearrangements was found.

PMID- 673328
TI  - [Ontogenesis of saffron plants (Crocus sativus) and changes in their stem
      apices].
AB  - A study of the saffron ontogenesis has been carried out, with special reference
      to the morphophysiological state of cells and nuclei in the stem apices. 4
      periods were established in the development of stem apices: (1) formation of
      apical meristem (November), (2) slow development coinciding with the intensive
      plant vegetation (December--February), (3) transition to generative development
      when the vegetative organs begin to dry off (March) and (4) differentiation of
      generative organs at the time when the corm is underground and vegetative organs
      almost fully absent (summer). The development of apex is accompanied by changes
      in the nuclear structure and fluctuations of mitotic activity. The critical
      period of transition to the phase of generative development takes place in March,
      long before the formation of visible generative organs and flowering.

PMID- 673327
TI  - [Effect of a number of metabolic inhibitors and other biologically active
      substances on the development of sea urchin embryos].
AB  - Benzo(a)pyrene, hydrocortisone, corticosterone, ethidium bromide, actinomycin D
      and papaverin arrested the development of sea urchin embryos at the stage of
      early gastrula when the synthesis of rRNA increases. The fertilization membrane
      did not prevent the penetration of hydrocortisone and benzo(a)pyrene in the
      embryo cells. These drugs did not affect RNA synthesis at the early stages of
      development and markedly suppressed it at the early gastrula stage. A suggestion
      is put forward to the effect that the developmental arrest at the early gastrula
      stage is connected with the suppression of rRNA synthesis. The mechanism of
      selective sensitivity of rRNA synthesis to a wide range of biologically active
      substances is discussed.

PMID- 673329
TI  - [Statistical reliability of rule no. 2 for the population of muscle fibers in
      mammalian muscles].

PMID- 673330
TI  - Augmented recession of the medial recti.
AB  - Bimedial rectus recession with measurement from the limbus was combined with
      conjuctival recession 85 children undergoing surgery for esotropia. Using this
      augmented recession technique, the prism diopters of correction per millimeter of
      surgery done were 4.8 compared with 3.2 found in 56 control patients.
      Postoperatively, the conjunctiva had a satisfactory cosmetic appearance and
      ductions were normal.

PMID- 673331
TI  - Inidcations of the posterior fixation operation in strabismus.
AB  - Retroequatorial fix-tion of a rectus muscle by means of nonabsorbable scleral
      sutures weakens this muscle in its primary field of action without disturbing the
      balance with its antagonist in other positions of gaze. This procedure has been
      employed in patients with dissociated vertical deviations, nystagmus compensation
      (blockage) syndrome, double-elevator paresis, nonaccommodative convergence
      excess, and Duane's retraction syndrome. Complications were not encountered, but
      the operation was ineffective in some patients and reoperation became necessary.

PMID- 673332
TI  - Diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis.
AB  - Thirty-six young healthy patients developed a peculiar clinical syndrome
      affecting only one eye. The early stage of the disease was characterized by
      visual loss, vitritis, mild papilledema, and successive crops of multiple,
      evanescent, gray-white, deep, retinal lesions. Over a period of many months there
      developed widespread, diffuse and focal depigmentation of the pigment epithelium,
      retinal arterial narrowing, optic atrophy, severe visual loss, and
      electroretinographic changes. A motile, subretinal round worm, probably a
      Toxocara, was observed in two patients.

PMID- 673333
TI  - Retinal detachment following phacoemulsification.

PMID- 673334
TI  - Pars plana vitrectomy for the management of severe diabetic retinopathy: an
      analysis of results five years following surgery.
AB  - The general characteristics, preoperative findings, and operative procedures of
      56 consecutive eyes having pars plana vitrectomies for complications of diabetic
      retinopathy are presented in this paper. Of the 34 eyes available for follow-up
      examinations five years after surgery, 50% had ambulating vision and 15% had
      20/40 or better visual acuities. The vitreous cavities were clear in 59% and the
      maculae attached in 50% of the 34 eyes.

PMID- 673335
TI  - Vitrectomy techniques in the management of selected penetrating ocular injuries.
AB  - Closed vitrectomy techniques provide new capabilities to treat severe penetrating
      ocular injuries involving posterior segment structures. With these methods
      damaged iris tissue,  lens, and vitreous can be removed and intraocular opacities
      can be cleared to identify and treat any retinal damage. Removal of damaged
      vitreous also prevents later cyclitic membrane formation and traction on the
      retina. The vitrectomy technique can be combined with additional methods to treat
      other conditions including nonmagnetic intraocular foreign bodies. We present the
      rationale and technique of vitrectomy together with the results of treatment in
      51 consecutive cases of penetrating ocular trauma. Guidelines are offered for
      management of severe penetrating injuries.

PMID- 673336
TI  - A logical approach to the treatment of massive periretinal proliferation.
AB  - Based on the improved understanding of massive periretinal proliferation (MPP) as
      a proliferative membrane-forming disease, a new therapeutic approach is presented
      with the technique of pars plana vitreous surgery. Not only vitreous membranes
      but also preretinal membranes are removed. Forty-seven consecutive patients who
      suffered from severe massive periretinal proliferation were operated on with this
      technique and followed for six months or more. Seventeen patients (36%) had an
      attached retina. Twelve patients had a major visual improvement. The major
      postoperative complication was phthisis bulbi, found in ten eyes (21%).

PMID- 673337
TI  - A predictive model for visual recovery following retinal detachment surgery.
AB  - By multiple regression analysis we have identified 26 out of 200 observations
      which significantly affect the visual acuity following retinal detachment
      surgery. In addition, we have developed a highly significant mathematical model,
      which is able to predict in rather broad ranges of visual acuity to approximately
      67% accuracy. There is still a large percentage of patients for whom we cannot
      account for the variability in final vision, a problem requiring future
      investigation. Potentially important factors which were not analyzed in this
      study include duration of macular detachment, afferent pupil defect, drainage of
      subretinal fluid, extent of the scleral-buckling procedure, and postoperative
      follow-up longer than six months. While most of the variables are fixed and
      cannot be alterd, such as age, senile cataract, and refractive error, improved
      knowledge of influential factors may allow us to manipulate some of them and
      provide mechanisms for improving results in recovery or maintenance of macular
      function after retinal detachment surgery.

PMID- 673338
TI  - Highlights: Scientific Session of the Eye-Bank Association of America, Inc.

PMID- 673339
TI  - The functional reserve of corneal endothelium.
AB  - With recent advances in our knowledge of corneal physiology, coupled with the
      development and increasing availability of the specular microscope as a clinical
      instrument, valid observations relating the morphologic appearance of the corneal
      endothelium to its functional capacity are within our reach. Manual methods of
      data analysis are cumbersome, time consuming, and associated with human error and
      investigator bias. The Omnicon pattern analysis system lends itself to objective
      analysis of morphologic features, offers the possibility of quantifying the data
      obtained and, hopefully, will lead to a better understanding of the many aspects
      of endothelial cell morphology which, in total, relate to the functional reserve
      of a given cornea.

PMID- 673340
TI  - [Dependence of the changes in the knee joint on the extent of tibial osteotomy in
      experimental leg elongation].

PMID- 673341
TI  - [Stability of the human body balance depending on the localization of the muscle
      control points].

PMID- 673342
TI  - [Net modeling in the study of clinical course of fractures of the pelvic bones].

PMID- 673343
TI  - [Organization of the hospital medical service to the victims of traffic
      accidents].

PMID- 673344
TI  - [Treatment of congenital dislocations of the patella in adults according to the
      M. V. Volkov's method].

PMID- 673345
TI  - [Treatment of patients with defects of the bones of the hand].

PMID- 673346
TI  - [U'ltrasonic cutting and welding of the bones in surgical treatment of sequelae
      of osteoarticular tuberculosis].

PMID- 673347
TI  - [Reaction of the bone to the transosseous insertion of grinded and ungrinded pins
      made of steel and various titanium alloys].

PMID- 673348
TI  - [Surgical treatment of inveterate fracture of femoral condyles and double
      fracture of the tibia].

PMID- 673349
TI  - [Closed transosseous ostoesynthesis with the Ilizarov's apparatus in treatment of
      pseudarthroses of the tibia].

PMID- 673350
TI  - [Treatment of inveterate injuries of the Achilles tendon].

PMID- 673351
TI  - [Apparatus for functional treatment of congenital clubfoot].

PMID- 673352
TI  - [Abducent splint for treatment of hip joint dysplasia in newborn infants].

PMID- 673353
TI  - [Plastic splint for prevention of contractures of the fingers].

PMID- 673354
TI  - [Determination of functional adaptability of the fingers in contractures].

PMID- 673355
TI  - [Apparatus for extrafocal osteosynthesis].

PMID- 673356
TI  - [Compressing pin for fixation of fragments in diaphyseal fractures of the long
      tubular bones].

PMID- 673357
TI  - [Pin fixator, applied in skeletal traction].

PMID- 673358
TI  - [Multi-state plunger for open reduction of dislocations of the acromioclavicular
      joint].

PMID- 673359
TI  - [Extensible radial-arched splint for fixation of the fingers].

PMID- 673360
TI  - [Basic principles of diagnosis and treatment of metastatic bone lesions].

PMID- 673361
TI  - [Congenital plano-valgus "rocking foot" in children].

PMID- 673362
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of inflammatory hand diseases].

PMID- 673363
TI  - [Materials for replacing bone defects and joining bones].

PMID- 673364
TI  - [Endoprosthesis in pathological processes of the proximal end of the femur].

PMID- 673365
TI  - [Endoprosthesis of the distal articular end of the femur in oncological
      patients].

PMID- 673366
TI  - [Sivash endoprosthesis of the hip joint].

PMID- 673367
TI  - [Comments on the surgical method of endoprosthesis of the hip joint].

PMID- 673368
TI  - [Complications of total endoprosthesis of the hip joint].

PMID- 673369
TI  - [Treatment of uncomplicated spinal fractures in the thoracic and lumbar areas].

PMID- 673370
TI  - [Roentgenometric studies in spondylolisthesis].

PMID- 673371
TI  - [Results of the surgical treatment of spondylolisthesis].

PMID- 673372
TI  - [Degenerative changes of the disks in tuberculous spondylitis and their surgical
      treatment].

PMID- 673373
TI  - [Glycosaminoglycan excretion in patients with degenerative changes of the
      intervertebral disks after the administration of papain].

PMID- 673374
TI  - [Functional state of the muscles in lumbar osteochondrosis].

PMID- 673375
TI  - [Reparative bone regeneration under the influence of an alternating magnetic
      field].

PMID- 673376
TI  - [Endoprosthesis of the knee joint].

PMID- 673377
TI  - [Treatment of diaphyseal fractures of the forearm bones by means of intraosseous
      fixation].

PMID- 673378
TI  - [Results of the Ilizarov treatment of improperly united fractures and
      pseudarthroses of the tibia].

PMID- 673379
TI  - [Case of a giant osteoid osteoma of the ilium].

PMID- 673380
TI  - [Case of a rare localization of Echinococcus in bone].

PMID- 673381
TI  - [New apparatus for restoration of the mobility of large joint function].

PMID- 673382
TI  - [Cryodestruction of the intervertebral disks].

PMID- 673383
TI  - [Prosthesis on the operating table in connection with distraction epiphysiolysis
      of the stump].

PMID- 673384
TI  - [Digitus V pedis varus].

PMID- 673385
TI  - [Determination of the spring properties of the foot].

PMID- 673386
TI  - [10 years' experience with endoprosthesis of the femur head in the middle-aged
      and elderly].

PMID- 673387
TI  - [Acute appendicitis: problems and thoughts].

PMID- 673388
TI  - [Disorder of galactose metabolism and damage of the small intestine. Possible
      causal relationship based on the analysis of 40 pediatric cases].

PMID- 673389
TI  - [Clinical results of stomach cancer cases detected in the early phase by
      endoscopic biopsy].

PMID- 673390
TI  - [Gender identification in sex chromosome abnormalities].

PMID- 673391
TI  - [Parasternal lymphoscintigraphy using Tc99m sulfur colloid].

PMID- 673392
TI  - [Estimation of the stage of pregnancy and fetal maturity by ultrasonic rapid
      imaging equipment during the 2d and 3d trimester].

PMID- 673393
TI  - [Important of nation-wide registration of genetic abnormalities].

PMID- 673394
TI  - [Ecological aspects of dermatology].

PMID- 673395
TI  - [The effect of anticonvulsants on bone metabolism].

PMID- 673396
TI  - [Nosebleed in our clinical patient material].

PMID- 673397
TI  - [Does liver metastasis or tumor invading the liver mean inoperability].

PMID- 673398
TI  - [Therapeutic experience with transfer factor in 18 cases].

PMID- 673399
TI  - [Hemorrhagic meningitis and apoplexia in anthrax sepsis].

PMID- 673400
TI  - [Methylxanthine-containing drugs and narcotics and osteoporosis].

PMID- 673401
TI  - [Temporary pacemaker therapy through the subclavian vein under intracardiac ECG
      control].

PMID- 673402
TI  - [Psychiatric problems of pseudoparasitosis].

PMID- 673403
TI  - [Ekbom's syndrome].

PMID- 673404
TI  - [Genetic family examination of patients with myocardial infarct].

PMID- 673405
TI  - [Results of pathological classification of childhood and adult lymphomas].

PMID- 673406
TI  - [Agranulocytosis with rectal complications].

PMID- 673407
TI  - [Diagnosis of cerebral aneurysm and basic principles of its surgical treatment].

PMID- 673408
TI  - [Indication and clinical evaluation of radical and semiradical cervical block
      dissection (based on 271 operations)].

PMID- 673409
TI  - [Arrythmia and repolarization disorders in organic phosphate ester poisoning].

PMID- 673410
TI  - [Sonographic studies of pancreatic diseases].

PMID- 673411
TI  - [Cell immunologic studies in viral hepatitis, hepatitis HBAg carriers, and post
      hepatitis patients after 21-25 years].

PMID- 673412
TI  - [Experience with the therapy of subglottic laryngitis and malignant
      laryngotracheobronchitis].

PMID- 673413
TI  - [Clinical value of immunoglobulin and complement determination in rheumatoid
      arthritis].

PMID- 673414
TI  - [Changes in the authority of the physician today].

PMID- 673415
TI  - [Severe leptospirosis treated successfully with amoxicillin and glycocorticoid].

PMID- 673416
TI  - [Importance of changes in the oxygen transport of the blood in clinical medicine,
      with special reference to neonatology].

PMID- 673417
TI  - [Titration control of heparin administration in chromic uremia treated by
      artificial kidney machine].

PMID- 673418
TI  - [Care of vascular diseases in Vas County].

PMID- 673419
TI  - [An unusual case of visceral form of Buerger's disease].

PMID- 673420
TI  - Health care in Pennsylvania--1978.

PMID- 673421
TI  - Financial facts of life for physicians--part two.

PMID- 673422
TI  - [The problem of common accomodation of puerpeae and newborn infants].

PMID- 673423
TI  - [Electroencephalographic longitudinal studies in nontraumatic cerebrovascular
      processes in childhood].

PMID- 673424
TI  - [EEG control examinations following diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccinations].

PMID- 673425
TI  - [Spontaneous rosette formation in healthy children of various age groups].

PMID- 673426
TI  - [Immunoglobulin changes and susceptibility to infection following splenectomy in
      childhood].

PMID- 673427
TI  - [Insulin-induced hypoglycemia of diabetic children and juveniles--clinical,
      epidemiological and electroencephalographic findings].

PMID- 673428
TI  - [Therapy service and pharmacokinetics of phenytoin].

PMID- 673429
TI  - [Case report on Ewing's tumors in 2 14-year-old boys].

PMID- 673430
TI  - [Hypertrophy of the internal urethral sphincter in children (author's transl)].
AB  - On the basis auf 2 cases congenital hypertrophy of the internal urethral
      sphincter the authors discuss problems of diagnosis and therapy. They attribute
      great importance particularly to the urodynamic approach in the assessment of
      disorders of urinary flow in children. Compared with static or non-physiological
      methods, such as endoscopy or retrograde urethrography functional diagnostic
      methods like uroflow, manometry and MCU have definite advantages, precisely where
      it is a matter of analysing functional disorders. However, if the child is to be
      spared protracted obstruction of urinary flow, early diagnosis is a prerequisite.

PMID- 673431
TI  - [The use of play therapy (Animazione) in the hospitalized child].
AB  - In order to eliminate negative psychological sequelae of hospitalisation of
      children, Animazione was performed on 2 children wards. On the internal children
      ward Animazione was seen to be a valuable help to reduce fear by selfportrayal in
      play, into which also visiting parents could be introduced. On the psychosomatic
      ward Animazione could only be used in close cooperation with the psychotherapist
      of a particular child. Then it could be a fulfillment of therapeutic measures in
      contact with the therapeutic team of the ward. Animazione had to be used here in
      a modified way with aim in view: the therapeutic team on this ward after
      elimination of the hierarchic pyramid had taken over an increased initiative and
      selfresponsibility.

PMID- 673432
TI  - [Thanatophoric Dwarfism (author's transl)].
AB  - Four cases of thanatophoric dwarfism which appeared between 1974 and 1977 are
      described. Thanatophoric dwarfism was firstly described in 1967. In the mean-time
      there are reports about 44 cases. The frequency of thanatophoric dwarfism is
      considered to be 1 to 6393 newborns. There is no clear evidence about the
      occurrence of thanatophoric dwarfism, chromosone patterns have been always
      normal. This type of dwarfism is differentiated from other similar syndromes.

PMID- 673433
TI  - [Prepuberal rubella vaccination and development of antibodytiters during five
      years (author's transl)].
AB  - Salzburg was the first country in Austria to introduce, in 1971, rubella
      vaccination for prepuberal girls on a voluntary basis. Of 481 girls, whose
      antibody titers were controlled in 1972, 132 (27.4%) were seronegative, and
      control measurements were performed 3, 12, 24, and now 60 months after the
      vaccination. The conversion rate was 100%, and the geometric mean titer of
      hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies 3 months after vaccination was 110, 12
      months a.v. 135.7, 24 months a.v. 131.7 and 60 months a.v. 113.6.

PMID- 673434
TI  - [Urinary tract infection in childhood (author's transl)].
AB  - The urinary tract infection ranks fourth among children's disorders, coming after
      contagious diseases and infection of the respiratory and digestive organs. Half
      of the children who have urinary tract infections are in early infancy, and the
      remaining 50 per cent are divided almost uniformly among those between the ages
      of 2 and 14. In keeping with the underlying causes, our material can be broken
      down as follows: in a fourth of the cases the disorder was such as to require an
      operation; 8 per cent of the children showed a neurologically disturbed
      micturition; about 40 per cent had a genuine distal urethral stenosis, and
      another 25 per cent showed changes in the urethral orifice and in the external
      genitals.

PMID- 673435
TI  - [Histidinemia in a normal intelligent boy with hearing defect (author's transl)].
AB  - Amino acid screening in an institute for children with hearing defects led to the
      detection of a 14 years male with histidinuria. Further investigations
      established the diagnosis histidinemia. In this normal intelligent patient
      audiologic tests showed bilateral internal ear hearing defect. It is accepted
      that the hearing defect is the reason for speech abnormities in form of
      diminished articulation. But it is not clear how far the inborn error of
      histidine metabolism is directly responsible for the hearing loss. This
      observation suggests that the well known speech defects in histidinemics are
      partly caused by hearing disability.

PMID- 673436
TI  - [Make a diagnosis].

PMID- 673437
TI  - [Bioavailability of new galenic preparations of cephalexin (author's transl)].
AB  - After the administration of 12.5 mg/kg Cephalexin as a single oral dose of
      Ospexin 250 and 375 sirup as well as Ospexin 500 Tbl. maximal plasma levels are
      reached in approximately 30 min. Within 6 hours the total administered amount of
      Cephalexin is excreted in biologically active form in the urine. The resorption
      is not influenced by food. The rapid and complete absorption shows that
      Cephalexin in this galenic form has an excellent bioavailability.

PMID- 673438
TI  - A note on the description of pain and its causes.
AB  - The adjectives used by  72 psychiatric patients to describe pain were examined.
      Patients with physical lesions tended to have physical precipitants and physical
      relieving factors. Patients with psychologically based pain often recognized both
      physical and emotional preciptation. Most adjectives used were sensory rather
      than affective or evaluative.

PMID- 673439
TI  - Validity and sensitivity of ratio scales of sensory and affective verbal pain
      descriptors: manipulation of affect by diazepam.
AB  - The results of two experiments suggest that sensory and affective verbal
      descriptors provide a valid scaling method which discriminates between the
      sensory intensity and the affect, or unpleasantness, of electrocutaneous stimuli.
      Twenty-four subjects judged the sensory intensity and affect of noxious
      electrocutaneous stimuli by choosing verbal descriptors from randomized lists and
      by cross-modality matching to time duration and to handgrip force. The
      psychophysical functions for sensory intensity generated by the descriptor and
      the cross-modality functions for sensory intensity generated by the descriptor
      and the cross-modality methods are the same. Psychophysical functions for affect
      generated by thedescriptor and the cross-modality methods are different. However,
      only the descriptor method produces psychophysical functions for affect that are
      significantly different from all the sensory functions. This result suggest that
      only the descriptor method distinguishes between sensory intensity and affect.
      The discriminative power of the descriptor method is demonstrated further in an
      experiment in which 32 subjects rated either the sensory intensity or the affect
      of the electrocutaneous stimuli immediately before and after an i.v.
      administration of 5 mg diazepam. This common minor tranquilizer significantly
      lowered affective descriptor responses (P less than 0.005) without altering
      sensory descriptor and sensory and affective handgrip responses. These
      experiments indicate that sensory and affective verbal pain descriptors may be
      used as a valid and sensitive tool for the evaluation of pain and pain control
      methods.

PMID- 673440
TI  - Ratio scales of sensory and affective verbal pain descriptors.
AB  - The results of two experiments show that ratio scales of sensory and affective
      verbal pain descriptors are valid, reliable and objective. In the first
      experiment, 16 subjects rated 15 sensory and 15 affective verbal pain descriptors
      by numerical magnitude estimation and by cross-modality matching to handgrip
      force. Ratio scales of sensory and affective verbal pain descriptors computed for
      two separate groups were highly correlated between the groups (sensory, r = 0.97;
      affective, r = 0.98), as well as over session (r = 0.99, 0.98). Scales based on
      an individual's data correlated equally with either another set of scales from
      the same individual (r = 0.96, 0.98) or a mean scale from a similar group (r =
      0.96, 0.89). Sensory and affective verbal descriptor scales from the first
      experiment correlated highly (r = 0.99, 0.99) with those from the second
      experiment in which 40 subjects rated verbal pain descriptors by cross-modality
      matching to time duration and to handgrip force. The ratio responses to the
      verbal descriptors in both experiments demonstrated specific functional
      relationships found for measurable psychophysical stimuli. This result supports
      the validity of cross-modality matched ratio scales of verbal stimuli. The
      reliability of these scales is shown by the high between-session, between-group
      and between-experiment correlations. The objectivity is shown by the similarity
      of within-subject and between-subject correlations for both group and individual
      descriptor scales.

PMID- 673441
TI  - Effects of aspirin and morphine on the release of a bradykinin-like substance
      into the subcutaneous perfusate of the rat paw.
AB  - The effects of aspirin and morphine on the release of bradykinin-like substance
      into the substaneous perfusate following various noxious stimuli were
      investigated in rat paw preparation. Subcutaneous perfusion was  performed with
      saline or with saline containing o-phenanthroline or soy bean trypsin inhibitor
      at a rate of 3--4 drops/min. Ten drops per fraction were assayed for bradykinin
      activity. Pressure on the instep, application of heat to the foot and stimulation
      of the sciatic nerve were employed as noxious stimuli. Aspirin (200 mg/kg i.p.)
      inhibited the release of bradykinin due to heat, pressure and sciatic nerve
      stimulation, while morphine (5 mg/kg i.m.) inhibited only the release of
      bradykinin due to sciatic nerve stimulation. Results suggest that analgesics,
      such as aspirin and morphine, have a depressant action on pain by inhibiting the
      release of bradykinin locally. They also suggest that aspirin inhibits the
      release of bradykinin regardless of the type of noxious stimuli, while morphine
      inhibits the release of bradykinin which is mediated by neural mechanisms.

PMID- 673442
TI  - Role of the dentist in trigeminal neuralgia.
AB  - It is well known that people with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia sometimes have
      teeth unnecessarily extracted. It is less well known that pain which seems to be
      due to idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia is occasionally due to dental causes. For
      this reason it is suggested that such cases should be given very careful dental
      and oral examination before the commencement of drug therapy or surgery. Such an
      examination must be meticulous and may be tedious as well as time consuming. It
      should therefore be done by a dentist who is specially interested in pain and who
      is preferably associated with a centre for pain relief. A few cases may then have
      their pain relieved by such procedures as fillings, extractions or occlusal
      adjustment. In all cases the neurologist or neurosurgeon will face his
      responsibility more secure in the knowledge that all possible peripheral causes
      have been eliminated. Moreover, patients with idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia may
      have difficulty maintaining a satisfactory standard of oral hygiene, both before
      and after treatment. They should therefore have careful attention paid to this as
      soon as possible.

PMID- 673443
TI  - [Role of free-living stages of trematode development in biocenoses].
AB  - The evaluation of the biomass of eggs and cercarians of some species of
      trematodes is done. It was shown that the summary mass of eggs entering
      biocoenosis exceeds considerably the biomass of adult trematodes; so the biomass
      of cercarians can amount to 50% of biomass of the infected part of mollusk
      population. The most part of eggs and cercarians is eliminated in biocoenosis by
      biotic and abiotic environmental factors and is included into biocoenotic trophic
      chains through eliminators or saprophags. When the main producers of useful
      production perform as eliminators, the organic substance contained in eggs and
      cercarians transforms into economically useful production. Such eliminators are
      the most perspective agents of biological control of pathogen helminths.

PMID- 673444
TI  - [Specification of the systematic position of Botulus alepidosauri (Trematoda,
      Hirudinellidae)].
AB  - The detailed description of Botulus alepidosauri Guiart, 1938 from Thunnus
      obesus, Alepisauris ferox, A. brevirostris in tropical East Atlantic is
      presented. The described species is compared with literary data. Some changes
      were introduced into the taxonomic position of the genus Botulus, considered as a
      representative of the subfamily Botulinae in the family Hirudinellidae.

PMID- 673445
TI  - [Ultrastructure of the cercomere of the cysticercoid, Trichocephaloides
      megalocephala].
AB  - The cercomere of the larvae of Trichocephaloides megalocephala is formed
      exclusively by tegumentary tissues. The cytons of the tegument contain a great
      number of ribosomes, developed Golgi complex and numerous mitochondria that is
      indicative of the intensive synthesis, protein substances first of all. A
      distinct secretion of multivesicular membranes into subtegumentary space and
      further secretion of vesicles through the distal portion of the tegument into the
      external cyst cavity was observed. The main function of the cercomere is a
      production of the ground substance which apparently fulfils a protective function
      as it is suggested for glycocalix.

PMID- 673446
TI  - [Anatomy of the neural apparatus of cestodes of the families Amphicotylidae and
      Diphyllobothriidae (Pseudophyllidea)].
AB  - Studies were carried out of the nervous apparatus of Eubothrium salvelini, E.
      rugosum, E. crassum, E. vittevitellatus, Diphyllobothrium latum and D.
      dendriticum (Cestoda, Pseudophyllidea) at different stages of their life cycle.
      Scolexes of adult cestodes are innervated with 5 pairs of longitudinal nerve
      trunks, the number of which in the strobile gradually increases up to 17 pairs in
      species of Eubothrium and up to 60 pairs (in the wildest parts of the strobile)
      in species of Diphyllobothrium. There were noted differences in of longitudinal
      trunks in different species and in the specimens of the same species but from
      different hosts, the width of the strobile being the same. The main lateral
      trunks are situated in the medullar parenchima. In species of Eubothrium they are
      wide apart while in Diphyllobothrium they are drawn closer to one another. The
      description of the rough and inner nerve plexuses is given. Judging by the larval
      developmental phases the well developed orthogon with 3 pairs of longitudinal
      nerve trunks can be taken for the initial state of the nervous apparatus in
      Pseudophyllidea. This means that the initial forms belonged to advanced
      turbellarians rather than to primitive ones.

PMID- 673448
TI  - [Systematic position of blood-sucking midges of the genus Leptoconops
      (Ceratopogonidae)].
AB  - On the basis of literary and the author's own data an opinion is suggested that
      the genus Leptoconops should be considered, as before, as the subfamily
      Leptoconopinae of the family Ceratopogonidae. The structure of the grooming organ
      of the hind tibia of Leptoconops is in general the same as in Culicoides.

PMID- 673447
TI  - [Species makeup and ecological characteristics of the black flies (Simuliidae) in
      the region of the Baikal-Amur mainline construction].
AB  - 18 species of black flies were registered from the north of the Amur district. It
      was found that the eternal frost affects considerably the species composition,
      abundance and phenology of black flies in this region. Prosimulium isio, Gnus
      cholodkovskii, G. rostratum and Schonbaueria subpusilla are bloodsucking species;
      of them G. cholodkovskii is most abundant. Data are given on the breeding places
      of bloodsuckers and seasonal dynamics of their flight.

PMID- 673449
TI  - [Determination of the physiological age of female fleas by using a luminescence
      microscopy method].
AB  - On the basis of studies of age changes in the ovaries of Ct. orientalis, Ct.
      teres, C. laeviceps and X. conformis by means of luminescent microscopy a scale
      was plotted for identification of physiological age of females of fleas.
      Depending on the presence or absence of yellow bodies and on the stage of
      development of oocytes in the ovary the fleas are arranged into two main groups:
      breeding and non-breeding females. According to the total combination of
      characters, size and colour of yellow bodies, presence and character of
      luminescence in the germarium and adjoining areas of vitellarium, the presence of
      "starvation bodies", "degeneration bodies" and resorpting oocytes, the state of
      seminal receptable, each group is divided into subgroups that enables us to make
      a detail description of age composition of the population under study.

PMID- 673450
TI  - [Paradoxopsyllus scorodumovi (Aphaniptera) flea, an effective vector of plague in
      a Gorno-Altai natural focus].
AB  - A study was conducted on the fleas of P. scorodumovi and five local strains of
      the plague microbe, one of which is typical of the strains of the Altai
      subspecies and four are non-typical of this nidus. The fleas of this species are
      capable to transmit not only the plague agent of the strains typical of this
      nidus but also non-typical ones which differ in some biological properties and
      are avirulent for most carriers but Pallas's pika. Biological peculiarities of
      fleas of P. scorodumovi in addition to their high efficiency as vectors of the
      plague microbe enable us to associate the more active autumn epizooty with fleas
      of this species.

PMID- 673451
TI  - [Changes in RNA biosynthesis in the liver of chicks with coccidiosis].
AB  - The RNA fraction and the intensity of their turnover in chick liver during
      experimental coccidiosis was studied. A marked (about 60%) increase of intensity
      of mRNA turnover with no changes in its amount was found. It was shown that pre
      rRNA biosynthesis was significantly enhanced and, due to it, the amount of both
      pre-rRNA and mature 18S rRNA was increased while the level of 28S rRNA was
      unchanged. The relations between the observed changes of RNA biosynthesis and
      protein biosynthesis in liver in coccidiosis as well as the role of these changes
      in pathological process studied are discussed.

PMID- 673452
TI  - [Gamasid tick (Acarina, Gamasoidea) fauna from the nests of the common field
      mouse].
AB  - 14087 specimens of 26 species of gamasid mites were found in 52 nests of Apodemus
      sylvaticus collected in the vicinity of Odessa. The annual index of abundance of
      all species of gamasids is 270. The most abundant were Hl. glasgowi (53.9%), E.
      stabularis (10.1%), Hg. nidi (8.6%) and Hi. latiscutatus (7.2%).

PMID- 673453
TI  - [Lice fauna (Anoplura) of small mammals from the Charskaya Hollow].
AB  - 5 species of lice, Hoplopleura acanthopus Burm., H. longula Neum., Hoplopleura
      sp., Polyplax hannswrangeli Eich., Polyplax sp., were recorded from 15 species of
      small mammals of the Charskaya hollow, Kalarsky region, Chita district. H.
      acanthopus is most abundant and occurs on almost all species of small mammals.

PMID- 673454
TI  - [Characteristics of the interrelationships of ixodid ticks (Ixodidae) with the
      causative agents of salmonellosis].
AB  - The relationships that now occur between ixodid ticks and agents of salmonelloses
      have been analysed. The paper presents the material on the spontaneous infection
      of ixodids, experimental data on the preservation of salmonellae in these ticks,
      their interaction and a mechanism of the agents transmission to warmblooded
      animals during bloodsucking of the parasites. On the basis of the observations
      conducted it was inferred that the relations between ixodid ticks and salmonellae
      are young from the evolutionary point of view.

PMID- 673455
TI  - [Dependence of the reproductive capacity of fleas on repeated mating
      (Aphaniptera)].
AB  - The fleas of X. cheopis and C. tesquorum were found to be capable of laying eggs
      during the whole physiological active period without recurrent fertilization. The
      recurrent mating and fertilization occur in these species of fleas independently
      of their age and favour the rise in the abundance of their progeny.

PMID- 673456
TI  - [Biology of biting midge species (Ceratopogonidae) in the southern Krasnoyarsk
      Territory].
AB  - In the valley of the Enisei (140 km from the town of Abakan up to the river) C.
      sinanoensis and C. sanguisuga are mass bloodsuckers while C. chiopterus and C.
      filicinus occur in small number. Data on the age composition of attacking females
      confirm the autogeny of C. filicinus and suggest the presence of autogeny in C.
      chiopterus. C. sinanoensis and C. sanguisuga can have two generations during the
      period of their activity. The emergence of the 1st generation takes place in the
      IInd--IIIrd decade of June, the emergence of the 2nd generation--at the beginning
      of August. The 2nd generation is so small, as a rule, that its appearance does
      not practically affect the abundance of attacking females. C. sanguisuga is less
      sensitive to light and attacks at a somewhat higher temperature as compared to C.
      sinanoensis. As a result, a morning peak of abundance of C. sanguisuga takes
      place in 1--2 hours after the peak of abundance of C. sinanoensis while the
      evening peak is 1--2 hours prior to it. The daily period of activity of C.
      sanguisuga is usually longer than that of C. sinanoensis.

PMID- 673457
TI  - [New species of biting flies (Simuliidae)].
AB  - Three new species of black flies of the genus Schoenbaueria are described which
      differ morphologically from other species of this genus. The new species were
      found in drying up brooks that also differs them from the species of the genus
      Schoenbaueria which develop mainly in large rivers. Material was collected in the
      Komsomolsk and Furmanov regions of the Ivanovo district.

PMID- 673458
TI  - [Effect of the photoperiod and temperature on the fertility of different
      generations of the blood-sucking fly, Culicoides pulicaris punctatus
      (Ceratopogonidae)].
AB  - It was established that the fecundity of females of different generations of C.
      p. punctatus, which are at the 1st gonotrophic cycle, is unequal. There was noted
      a decrease of the per cent of realisation of potential fecundity in females of
      the summer-autumn generation. The dependence of the virtual fecundity on the day
      length and temperature was studied. The differences in ther effect of these
      factors on the fecundity of females of the spring-summer and summer-autumn
      generations were found.

PMID- 673459
TI  - [Variability in Toxoplasma virulence depending on the sensitivity of the
      macroorganizm].
AB  - The conditions of the increase in the virulence of toxoplasma lines of the Czech
      low-virulent strain obtained by means of the infection of mice or chicken embryos
      with one cyst washed three times in physiological solution were investigated. It
      has been shown that all the 12 were potentially virulent since in the process of
      frequent (in each 7 days) passage through sensitive animals (bredless mice) they
      increased their virulence. The lines of toxoplasms passed only one time through
      chicken embryos increased their virulence quicker (1 to 10 passages) than lines
      passed only through mice (18 to 22 passages). At the simultaneous passing of
      toxoplasms of the same line through sensitive animals (bredless mice) and through
      more resistant ones [mice of lines AKR and BALB/c] toxoplasms increased their
      virulence during the 4th passage and did not change it up to the 25th passage,
      respectively.

PMID- 673460
TI  - [Importance of cellular immunity factors in the pathogenesis of experimental
      balantidiasis].
AB  - Adult white rats were immunized by numerous subcutaneous injections of antigenes
      obtained from the cultures of B. coli and B. suis. After the rats were
      sensibilized they were infected with cultural forms of Balantidium. 75% of
      infected rats were found to have ciliates in the lumen of the large intestine. In
      the tissues of the intestinal wall up to the muscular layer there were observed
      certain pathomorphological changes such as hyperemy, oedema, haemorrhagia and
      ulcers. By means of the macrophaga migration test it was established that in rats
      during their immunization and following infection appear lymphocytes which are
      sensibilized in relation to the balantidial antigene that points to the formation
      of slow allergy in their organisms.

PMID- 673461
TI  - [Diplostomum commutatum (Diesing, 1850) Dubois, 1937 (Trematoda: Diplostomatidae)
      cercaria].
AB  - The cercaria of D. commutatum from the mollusk Radix ovata is described. Data on
      the biology and development of the cercaria up to the metacercarial stage are
      given. Cercariae of D. commutatum differ from all known species of the genus
      Diplostomum by a characteristic cuticular armament.

PMID- 673462
TI  - [Longevity of marine cystophorous cercariae in the environment].
AB  - Experiments were conducted on the duration of life in sea water of three species
      of cystophorous cercariae from the Barents sea. The expenditure of reserve
      nutritive substances (glycogene) in the process of the vital activity of
      cercariae was followed. The life duration of cystophorous cercariae is
      considerably longer than that cited in literature for other groups of cercariae
      that is associated with their morphological and biological peculiarities.

PMID- 673463
TI  - [Postembryonic development of cestodes of the genus Aploparaksis Clerc, 1903
      (Hymenolepididae) with a diplocyst type of cysticercoid].
AB  - The formation of cysticercoids of the diplocyst type in three species of cestodes
      of the genus Aploparaksis: A. bulbocirrus Deblock et Rausch, 1968, A. furcigera
      (Rud., 1819) and A. groenlandica (Krabbe, 1869) at the experimental infection of
      oligochaetes (Lumbriculus sp.) is described. The development of diplocysts is
      characterized by two invaginations. The first invagination occurs at an early
      developmental stage when non-differentiated anterior part of the larval body
      submerges into the external cyst which is formed by the walls of the primary
      cavity displaced toward the hind end. The second invagination of the fully formed
      scolex and neck into the cavity of the internal cyst completes the formation of
      the diplocysts.

PMID- 673464
TI  - [Genetic and physiological compatibility of different forms of stem eelworms. VI.
      The crossing of eelworms from cultivated plants and weeds].
AB  - The crossing of stem eelworms of onion and red clover with these from Cirsium
      setosum and Taraxacum officinale resulted in the fertilization of females,
      egglaying and embriogenesis. However, the hybrid eggs died, as a rule. Only in
      one experiment a large population developed up to F5 but few hybrids survived to
      F10. The studied stem eelworms of weeds are genetically non-compatible with
      Ditylenchus dipsaci of onion and red clover and are distinct species.

PMID- 673465
TI  - [Change in the ultrastructural organization of Chaetogaster lymnaei neurons in
      the transition to the parasitic form of life].
AB  - The fine structure of the brain and ventral nerve cord ganglia neurons has been
      studied in two subspecies of Chaetogaster lymnaei, one of them being a commensal
      and the other the kidney endoparasite. The nerve cells of parasitic forms are
      characterised by the presence of a whole set of structural simplifications. These
      are the poorer development of endoplasmic reticulum, the greater number of free
      ribosomes in the cell and the less number of mitochondria with certain
      alternations in the ultrastructure. The given features are suggested as criteria
      when studying the influence of parasitic mode of life upon the ultrastructural
      organization of the cells.

PMID- 673466
TI  - [Role of nucleic acids in intensifying the virulent properties of Eimeria tenella
      (Coccidiida)].

PMID- 673467
TI  - Influence of beta-amino-propionitrile on elastogenesis in the chick embryo (light
      and electron microscopic study).
AB  - Beta-amino-propionitrile was administered in a single dose into the
      chorioallantoic cavity of 14 days old chick embryos. The effects on the elastic
      fibre production were examined on the 3rd or 7th day following the injection. By
      light microscopy dissecting aneurysm, aortic ruptures were found. The elastic
      fibres were poorly developed and exhibited irregularities and structural
      anomalies. Electron microscopically we observed reduction of the number or
      complete absence of elastic aggregates and fibres. The elastic structures
      exhibited abnormal phosphotungstic acid binding. This was considered as a sign
      for disturbances in the development of cross linkages and in the incorporation of
      elastin into the elastic fibres.

PMID- 673468
TI  - Mechanism of glycoconjugates biosynthesis in the vascular wall with external
      circular constraint.
AB  - Extrinsic local constraints, realised on dogs aorta are responsible for parietal
      lesions in the form of thickening of the arterial wall. Histological changes in
      the intima and media are characteristic of processes of degeneration destruction
      and cellular regeneration, superposed on sub-endothelial proliferation
      accompained by partial or total destruction of endothelial cells in the intimal
      layer. In addition to histological changes, there were perturbation in enzymatic
      activities of glycosyltransferases responsible for macromolecular constructions
      in the intima. Microsomic enzymes studied were: N-acetyl-glucosaminyl
      transferase, sialyl-transferase and N-acetyl-galactosaminyl-transferase, and two
      glycosyl-transferases located in the soluble cytoplasmic phase: fucosyl and
      xylosyl-transferase. The changes observed were different  according to the
      position of the sugars in the glycoprotein chains. For example the variation of
      fucosyl-transferase activity is significant: it disappears in group where the
      sialyl-transferase activity is enhanced. The transfer of xylose is decreased.
      Finally, changes observed in hexosaminyl-transferase activities were parallel.

PMID- 673469
TI  - [Histochemical and histoenzymatic study of experimental endarteritis in rabbits.
      I. Femoral endarteritis].
AB  - The parietal reaction after placing a cuff of polyethylene around the femoral
      artery has been studied in 18 (2,5 - 3 months old) male rabbits by using
      histologic, histochemical (4 macromolecular substances) and histoenzymatic
      techniques (16 enzymatic activities). Studies were performed on the 1st, 3rd,
      5th, 15th and 21st day, and every 15 days during the 3 months of the experiment.
      This process induced rapidly in each animal a parietal reaction with adventitial
      oedema (1st day), hypoxia of the media (1st -5th day), cytoenzymatic activation
      followed by a cellular transformation and proliferation of the intima-media, that
      forms a diffuse intimal thickening (adaptation). Most cells of the thickening
      were, by their enzymatic activities, quite comparable to immature smooth muscle
      cells, which probably emigrated from the media: intense LDH, NADH2 - TR; moderate
      G6P-DH, SDH, NADPH2 - TR, alpha-GP-DH, ATP/ase; weak ICHD, beta-HB-DH. Moreover,
      some reactions (accentuation of beta-Glu/ase, UDGP-DH, Glu-DH, 5'N/ase) besides
      suggested the active participation of the cells in the production of
      extracellular conjonctive constituents, because the histochemical studies
      revealed the presence of metachromatic glycosamino-glycanes and positive APS
      substances during the edification of the diffuse intimal thickening. In advanced
      thickening, an histoenzymatic duality was observed, that might prove the double
      origin of the thickening cells: some superficial cells had the enzymatic
      characteristics of endothelial cells (increased activity of aerobic
      oxydoreductases). At every stage of the study, the thickening cells differed from
      the atherocytes by a lack of lipids in their cytoplasm.

PMID- 673470
TI  - [Histochemical and histoenzymatic study of experimental endarteritis in rabbits.
      II. Aortic endarteritis].
AB  - The placement of a polyethylene cuff around the abdominal aorta of 20 male
      rabbits 2,5 to 3 months old induce an adventitial reaction characterized by edema
      (7th day), fibroblastic proliferation (7th - 15th day), fibrosis and sclerosis
      (2nd - 3rd month), changes in the media including cytoenzymatic activation (1st -
      3rd week), signs of hypoxia, degenerative and productive processes leading to
      intimal tickening. Histoenzymatic characteristics of the intimal thickening cells
      look like activities of smooth muscle cells, while the activities of some
      cellular areas recalled those of endothelial cells (high aerobic oxydoreductases
      and ATP/ase activities). This histoenzymatic duality is perhaps related to the
      histogenetic filiation of the intimal thickening cells. Histochemical data
      (metachromasia, alcianophilia, APS +) suggest that these cells are able to
      synthesize different elements of the extracellular matrix. All these features
      resemble femoral endarteritis obtained by the same process; moreover, in aorta
      the endarteritis evolves more slowly, the cellular proliferation is later and
      focused, the signs of hypoxia and necrosis and more pronounced. These differences
      are probably related to structural and metabolic dissimilarities of the two
      vessels, and to differences in their cellular reactivity.

PMID- 673471
TI  - [Effect of nonantigenic interferon inducer on the reactivity of the lymphoid
      macrophage system and anti-influenza resistance of the body].

PMID- 673472
TI  - [Development of drug-induced tumors in mice depending on the activity of the
      immunocompetent systems of the body].

PMID- 673473
TI  - [Effect of leukocytic pyrogen on blood vessel permeability for colloidal dye].

PMID- 673474
TI  - [Development of the teaching on neural trophics].

PMID- 673475
TI  - [Role of serotonin and histamine in the pathogenesis of various types of
      inflammation].

PMID- 673476
TI  - [Comparative characteristics of constrictor effects of physiologically active
      substances on the internal carotid artery].

PMID- 673477
TI  - [Change in the cerebrovascular circulation in experimental acute cardiac
      insufficiency].

PMID- 673479
TI  - [Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism in the kidneys in crush syndrome].

PMID- 673478
TI  - [Blood serum and urine content of calcium, phosphorus, potassium and sodium in
      rats after long-term administration of thyrocalcitonin].

PMID- 673481
TI  - [Dynamics of the activity of lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase during the
      process of post-cirrhotic liver regeneration].

PMID- 673480
TI  - [Effect of bilateral subdiaphragmatic vagotomy on the content and distribution of
      glycogen and glycogen phosphorylase in the rat liver under conditions of
      carbohydrate load].

PMID- 673482
TI  - [Effect of acute hypoxia on the indicators of energy metabolism of the lymphoid
      cells].

PMID- 673483
TI  - [Arterialization of portal circulation during the post-resuscitation period].

PMID- 673484
TI  - [Ultrastructural changes in the central nervous system caused by thermal trauma].

PMID- 673485
TI  - [Effect of acute blood loss on the lysosomal apparatus of the neutrophils].

PMID- 673486
TI  - [Effect of a sympathomimetic and adrenergic block on the enzymatic activity of
      blood serum of cats].

PMID- 673487
TI  - [Multichannel thermistor cryo-osmometer for determination of osmolarity of
      biological fluids].

PMID- 673488
TI  - [Method of manometric bloodless measurement of maximal arterial pressure in rats
      by means of the impedance plethysmography].

PMID- 673489
TI  - [Method of tracheal intubation, artificial respiration and intratracheal
      anesthesia in small laboratory animals].

PMID- 673490
TI  - [Exposure to asbestos in cancer of the larynx].

PMID- 673491
TI  - [Hepatic and renal changes in experimental carbon disulfide poisoning].

PMID- 673492
TI  - [Behavior of alkaline phosphatase in secondary hepatic neoplasms].

PMID- 673493
TI  - Renal amyloidosis: histochemical and histospectrophotometric study of 50 cases.

PMID- 673494
TI  - [Congenital listeriosis. Clinical considerations on 2 of our cases].

PMID- 673495
TI  - Genetic disorders of sex differentiation.

PMID- 673496
TI  - Single-gene disorders.

PMID- 673497
TI  - A pediatrician's view. A genetics primer.

PMID- 673498
TI  - Petroleum-distillate ingestion.

PMID- 673499
TI  - Topical dermatologic therapy for the pediatrician.

PMID- 673500
TI  - The oral mucosa in childhood.

PMID- 673501
TI  - Common bacterial infections of the skin in children.

PMID- 673502
TI  - [Immunological reactivity state in viral hepatitis in children treated with
      ampevit].

PMID- 673503
TI  - [Clinical importance of lymphocyte blast transformation to specific and
      nonspecific mitogens in kidney pathology in children].

PMID- 673504
TI  - [Level of agglutinins to conditionally pathogenic enterobacteria in
      gastrointestinal diseases in nursing infants].

PMID- 673505
TI  - [Use of electrophysiological and neurochronometric data in the job orientation of
      children and adolescents with oligophrenia].

PMID- 673506
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of stomach x-ray andmorphological study data in peptic
      ulcer and chronic gastritis in children].

PMID- 673507
TI  - [Clinical laboratory characteristics of scarlatina in children kept under home
      isolation].

PMID- 673508
TI  - [Modern views of the role of the thymus gland in the child's body].

PMID- 673509
TI  - [Quality index of the cardiovascular system reaction to loading in 13- to 15-year
      old schoolchildren].

PMID- 673511
TI  - [Characteristics of the central vision changes in children with brain tumors].

PMID- 673510
TI  - [Androgenci function of the adrenal glands in adolescents with amenorrhea].

PMID- 673512
TI  - [Successes in maternal and child welfare in the Ukrainian SSR].

PMID- 673513
TI  - [Status of oncological gynecologic care in th Ukrainian SSR].

PMID- 673514
TI  - [Organization of prophylactic gynecologic exams with mass cytological screening
      of women].

PMID- 673515
TI  - [Experience in treating pretumorous states by a cryogenic method].

PMID- 673516
TI  - [Use of laser rays to prevent cancer].

PMID- 673517
TI  - [Biochemical criteria in the active diagnosis of malignant ovarian tumors].

PMID- 673518
TI  - [Iron balance in the body in benigh ovarian tumors before and after treatment].

PMID- 673519
TI  - [State of carbohydrate and fat metabolism as well as hormonal homeostasis in
      ovarian tumors].

PMID- 673520
TI  - [Prognosis, course and outcome of acute adnexitis and the effectiveness of the
      therapy conducted based on a study of individual serum proteins].

PMID- 673521
TI  - [Kidney excretion of electrolytes in late pregnancy toxicoses].

PMID- 673522
TI  - [Prevention and treatment of the complications of leukocyte isoimmunization in
      pregnant women].

PMID- 673523
TI  - [Changes in liver and lung engorgement in pregnant women with rheumatic heart
      defects depending on the degree of manifestation of compensatory-adaptive
      reactions of the body].

PMID- 673524
TI  - [Our experience in managing labor in acute leukemia].

PMID- 673525
TI  - [Determination of IgM and IgG antitoxins in children with staphylococcal diseases
      using the passive hemagglutination reaction].

PMID- 673526
TI  - Lymphatic abnormalities in Noonan's syndrome.
AB  - Five boys who had Noonan's syndrome and lymphatic abnormalities are reported. The
      youngest boy had clinical lymphoedema and the other four showed dermal backflow
      after interdigital injection of Patent Blue indicating impairment of flow along
      the superficial lymphatics. One boy had severe bilateral chylothorax. The
      lymphographic findings in four of these boys are reported. Patients with the
      Noonan syndrome frequently have oedema of the hands and feet at birth, which
      decreases during the first years of life [10]. It has been demonstrated by
      lymphography that similar peripheral oedema in patients with the Turner's
      syndrome is due to lymphatic hypoplasia [1, 3]. We report certain lymphatic
      abnormalities diagnosed by lymphography in four out of five patients with
      Noonan's syndrome.

PMID- 673527
TI  - The computer as an aid in the daily practice of pediatric radiology.
AB  - The use of a relatively small computer limited to a Department of Radiology has
      considerable benefit in report generation and information retrieval. In addition,
      the arithmetical tasks of pediatric radiological reporting procedures such as
      bone age and scanograms have been automated, and other helpful features have
      arisen.

PMID- 673528
TI  - Pulmonary edema following skin absorption of organophosphate insecticide.
AB  - We report a case of acute pulmonary edema following exposure to organophosphate
      insectocide. Hypoxia, respiratory failure, and parasympathetic discharge are
      implicated in the pathogenesis and are related to the anticholinesterase activity
      of the toxicant. Rapid onset of acute pulmonary edema without cardiomegaly
      followed by prompt clearing are the radiographic features.

PMID- 673529
TI  - Extragonadal endodermal sinus (yolk sac) tumor. Angiographic findings and
      literature review.
AB  - The angiographic and pathologic features of an endodermal sinus tumor (EST)
      arising from the retroperitoneum in a 19-month-old boy are presented. Although
      rare instances of extragonadal origin of EST have been reported, this is the
      first detailed description of the angiographic abnormalities. The angiographic
      appearance was that of a primarily retroperitoneal tumor with parasitized feeding
      arteries from the liver and right kidney, early filling venous radicles,
      sinusoidal pooling of contrast material, and inferior vena caval obstruction.

PMID- 673530
TI  - Pneumopericardium as a complication of foreign body aspiration.
AB  - A case of pneumopericardium in an infant complicating aspiration of a foreign
      body is reported. In addition to X-ray studies echocardiography is valuable for
      the control of the disease. The pathogenesis and the treatment are discussed and
      a short review of the literature is given.

PMID- 673531
TI  - Ascaris perforation of the common bile duct demonstrated by intravenous
      cholangiography.
AB  - Roundworm infection rarely causes common bile duct perforation. This complication
      was demonstrated by intravenous cholangiography in a sixteen month old girl.

PMID- 673532
TI  - Computer reconstructed sagittal and coronal CT scans. Applications in
      neurological disorders of infants and children.
AB  - Recent technical advances in computed tomography (CT) allow sagittal and coronal
      image reconstruction by computer manipulation of data from thin-section
      transverse scans. Three cases are presented to illustrate this new supplementary
      modality in the pediatric patient. The technique, diagnostic implications and
      value of orthogonal plane image reconstruction are discussed.

PMID- 673533
TI  - The radiology of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). A review of 47 cases
      and the literature.
AB  - The radiological findings in 47 neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) are
      reviewed. The presence of nonspecific, generalized bowel dilatation is stressed
      as being an important sign in early diagnosis and the progress of the
      distribution of the dilated loops is important in evaluating progress of the
      disease process. It is thus the key to the radiology of NEC. Intramural gas and
      portal venous gas are not always related to the severity of the disease and their
      disappearance is not always related to clinical improvement. These signs are
      therefore poor prognostic indicators. Important radiological indications for
      surgery besides free intraperitoneal gas and free fluid include: 1. diminished
      bowel gas with asymmetric loops, and 2. persistent dilated loops. Because of the
      number of colonic strictures seen at our hospital we advise routine barium enemas
      (several weeks after the acute phase) in all infants who have had NEC. Following
      bowel resection contrast studies of both distal and proximal remaining bowel are
      essential to exclude further stricture formation prior to final reanastomosis.

PMID- 673534
TI  - Renal medullary necrosis in infants and children.
AB  - Two cases of renal medullary necrosis in young infants demonstrated on excretory
      urography are reported. 24 cases of renal medullary necrosis in children
      recognised at autopsy at the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children between 1953
      and 1977 are reviewed. Radiologists should be aware and in search of this entity
      in all children with history of kidney hypoxia.

PMID- 673535
TI  - Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia in two sibs of normal parents.
AB  - Two sibs with identical features of short-limbed dwarfism, a normal skull and
      face and normal intelligence are described. On the basis of the radiological and
      clinical characteristics the condition must be included within the group of
      spondylometaphyseal dysplasias. In contrast to the familial cases described up to
      now in which the mode of inheritance was autosomal dominant, the trait in the two
      children described here was transmitted as an autosomal recessive.

PMID- 673537
TI  - Influence of phototherapy on the serum lipids of jaundiced newborn infants.

PMID- 673536
TI  - Radiological signs of mucolipidosis II or I-cell disease. A study of nine cases.
AB  - Nine cases of mucolipidosis II are presented with illustrations and a discussion
      of specific radiologic features: these distinguish Mucolipidosis II from other
      storage diseases.

PMID- 673538
TI  - Pulmonary lavage in preterm lambs.
AB  - Pulmonary function was studied before and after bilateral lung lavage with
      oxygenated FC-80 fluorocarbon liquid in seven perterm lambs, 134 days of
      gestation. Measurements of transpulmoary pressure, airflow, tidal volume, and
      functional residual capacity (FRC) enabled calculation of lung resistance and
      compliance, specific compliance, and work of breathing. Immediately postlavage,
      arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) decreased significantly (P less than 0.05) by 41%
      from control values. In addition, at 1 hr postlavage, lung compliance
      significantly decreased (P less than 0.01) by 43% from control levels. Lung
      resistance, FRC work of breathing arterial carbon dioxide tension, and pH
      postlavage were not significantly different from prelavage values. The mean
      volume of FC-80 remaining in the lungs at 1 hr postlavage was 32% of the
      instilled volume. These data indicate that lung lavage with a low surface tension
      liquid has a relatively small effect on lung mechanics of the premature lung.

PMID- 673539
TI  - 64Cu metabolism in Menkes and normal cultured skin fibroblasts.

PMID- 673540
TI  - Amniotic fluid testosterone concentration as an index of fetal sex.

PMID- 673541
TI  - Decreased prostaglandin E turnover in infants with essential fatty acid
      deficiency.
AB  - Sick low birth weight infants (LBWI) are prone to develop rapid onset of
      essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency. EFAs serve as precursors for
      prostaglandins (PGs). We measured the excretion of the major urinary metabolite
      of prostaglandins E1 and E2, 7alpha-hydroxy-5,11-diketotetranorprostane-1,16
      dionic acid (PGE-M), in three EFA-deficient and in nine thriving neonates. There
      was no significant difference in PGE-M excretion between the sexes among thriving
      infants nor did PGE-M excretion appear to be affected by postconceptual age.
      However, a significant difference between the PGE-M excretion in the group of
      infants with EFA deficiency before and after treatment is apparent (P less than
      0.05). Significant differences in PGE-M excretion were also found between the
      control group and the EFA-deficient infants. The severity of the EFA deficiency
      correlates directly with the degree of PGs excretion. The biochemical evidences
      of EFA deficiency and the decreased levels of PGE-M excretion are rapidly
      corrected when patients resume a diet containing EFA.

PMID- 673542
TI  - Response of rat intestine to a hyperosmotic feeding.
AB  - After a single force-feeding of hypertonic (1300 mOsm) mannitol to rats there is
      rapid osmotic equilibration of the jejunal fluid, a sharp drop in luminal
      mannitol concentration and large influxes of water and sodium. During osmotic
      equilibration there was a significant loss of cells from the jejunal mucosa. In
      hypertonically fed rats there was an accumulation of protein, DNA, [3H]thymidine
      labeled DNA, and disaccharidases in intestinal washings. Brush border
      disaccharidase specific activities on the jejunal mucosa were unaltered. Under
      the light microscope jejunal villi from hypertonic mannitol rats were comparable
      to controls. Some epithelial cells from rats force-fed hypertonic mannitol showed
      transient ultrastructural damage. Microvilli of some cells were shortened and
      fused at their bases 20 and 40 min after the force-feeding. By 120 min epithelial
      cell microvilli were all normal in appearance. In hypertonically fed rats the
      lateral interdigitating plasma membranes became disorganized. Large fragments
      budded off into one cell and fused to form larger stuctures. By 120 min many
      lysosomal autophagic vacuoles and residual bodies were seen. A single hypertonic
      force feeding produced jejunal cell loss associated with loss of brush border
      disaccharidases and focal ultrastructural damage.

PMID- 673543
TI  - Retardation of secretory capacity of immature rat parotid gland by chronic
      administration of isoproterenol.
AB  - The present findings show that while chronic administration of the catecholamine
      isoproterenol to immature rats causes accelerated structural development, it
      causes an inhibition of certain aspects of secretory function. The effects on
      both structure and function are however closely dependent on the stage of
      development during which the agent is administered. When the isoproterenol is
      given for 8 days between 12 and 20 days of age, amylase, Na, and K concentrations
      of pilocarpine-evoked parotid saliva of the treated and control littermates are
      similar. If, however, the agent is given between 22 and 30 days of age, amylase
      of the isoproterenol-treated glands is only one-fourth that of controls, and K
      concentration is higher than that of controls whereas Na is lower. The glands of
      controls in both pre- and postweanling groups produce greater volumes of water
      than do isoproterenol-treated glands. Developmentally, these data represent less
      advanced secretory abilities, and therefore isoproterenol induces inhibition of
      secretory capacity, rather enhancement.

PMID- 673544
TI  - Methodology for bilirubin binding studies.

PMID- 673545
TI  - Commonality and diversity in fetal development: bridging the interspecies gap.

PMID- 673546
TI  - Effect of various phototherapy regimens on bilirubin decrement.
AB  - Continuous phototherapy in full-term newborns was found to be more effective than
      intermittent illumination. Treatment efficacy was also related to age and the
      initial bilirubin level of the infants. In fact, the reported data indicate an
      increased therapeutic effect in newborns affected with nonhemolytic
      hyperbilirubinemia who had an initial bilirubin level greater than 15 mg/dl as
      compared to neonates with an initial bilirubin level less than 15 mg/dl. The
      light treatment was also more effective in infants older than 3 days, possibly
      because of an increased ligandin and conjugating capacity. Shielding the hepatic
      area during illumination significantly decreases the efficiency of this
      treatment, suggesting that the liver could also be a phototherapeutic action
      site.

PMID- 673547
TI  - Late effect of nocturnal mist tent therapy related to the severity of airway
      obstruction in children with cystic fibrosis.
AB  - To evaluate the long-term effect of nocturnal mist tent therapy on the
      progression of airway obstruction in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) of
      varying severity, two matched groups each consisting of 24 children with CF were
      studied during 18 months on mist tent therapy and 18 months of therapy. The
      progression in airway obstruction was measured by change in serial measurements
      of maximal midexpiratory flow (MMEF), from which a regression equation of MMEF
      against time was obtained for each individual. Changes in MMEF value with or
      without therapy were compared in patients matched for severity of disease as
      indicated by initial MMEF values. For the group as a whole no differences were
      found in the progression of the airway obstruction whether the patients received
      mist tent therapy or not. This therapy failed to benefit any of the groups of
      children with CF who had early, moderate, or advanced airway obstruction as
      judged from their initial MMEF value. It is concluded that nocturnal mist tent
      therapy neither decreases airway obstruction nor prevents its progression in
      children with CF.

PMID- 673548
TI  - Clinical pharmacology and efficacy of ticarcillin in infants and children.
AB  - Ticarcillin was evaluated in 82 neonates and young infants with suspected sepsis
      and in 16 older children with chronic Pseudomonas infection of the mastoids. The
      infants also received kanamycin. Individual ticarcillin doses of 75 or 100 mg/kg
      were given every four, six, or eight hours by intramuscular injection or by a 30
      minute intravenous infusion. Mean plasma concentrations one hour after a dose
      were from 125 to 189 microgram/ml, depending on dosage, age, and maturity. Mean
      plasma half-lives were approximately 5 hours in the first week of life, 2 hours
      in infants from 1 to 8 weeks, and 0.9 hours in older children. Volume of
      distribution was approximately twice as great in infants as in children, and
      plasma clearance rates correlated inversely with age. Limited efficacy data
      suggest that ticarcillin is a suitable alternative to ampicillin or
      carbenicillin, when given concurrently with an aminoglycoside, for newborn
      infections. When given for several days before mastoidectomy and tympanoplasty,
      ticarcillin sterilized the mastoids in the majority of patients. A new dosage
      schedule for ticarcillin in pediatric patients is proposed.

PMID- 673549
TI  - Hepatic injury in a child caused by trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
AB  - Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was given to a 16-year-old boy as prophylaxis for a
      urinary tract infection. He developed severe cholestatic hepatitis 41 days after
      administration of the drug. A liver biopsy specimen showed a mixed inflammatory
      infiltrate in the portal triads and prominent bile stasis. The clinical course in
      this patient supports the concept of an indirect hypersensitivity reaction to
      sulfamethoxazole.

PMID- 673550
TI  - Q-oTc interval and blood calcium levels in newborn infants.
AB  - The interval from the beginning of the Q wave to the origin of the T wave (Q-oTc
      interval) and total and ionized serum calcium levels were measured in 27 full
      term and 77 premature infants. The correlation between Q-oTc and total and
      ionized calcium levels was significant in both full-term and normal premature
      infants. No correlation was found in a group of critically ill premature infants,
      most of whom had evidence of CNS involvement. Constant infusion of calcium
      gluconate in a number of infants belonging to the latter group produced a
      significant shortening of the Q-oTc interval. It is speculated that the lack of
      correlation of Q-oTc interval and total or ionized calcium levels in sick
      premature infants could be explained on the basis of a dysfunction in cardiac
      sympathetics or alternatively by marked variations in serum catecholamines.

PMID- 673551
TI  - Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis: the role of gastrin reevaluated.
AB  - In order to evaluate the potential role of gastrin in the etiology of pyloric
      stenosis, serum gastrin levels were measured in cord blood of affected infants,
      matched controls, and mothers of both. No differences were identified when values
      from infants with pyloric stenosis were compared with those from control infants.
      Mean cord serum gastrin levels of the infants were significantly greater than the
      mean maternal gastrin levels. The data effectively dismiss the possibility that
      elevated serum gastrin concentration in mother or infant at the time of delivery
      can be implicated as a cause of pyloric stenosis.

PMID- 673552
TI  - Ophthalmoplegic migraine in infancy.
AB  - Isolated oculomotor nerve palsy is an unusual finding in the pediatric patient.
      Third nerve weakness is a rare complication of vascular headaches, and there are
      few reported cases of so-called ophthalmoplegic migraine (OM) in young children.
      Recently we have seen a 12-month-old girl with OM that appeared to respond to
      treatment with propranolol.

PMID- 673553
TI  - Isovalericacidemia: a case report.
AB  - Aminoacidopathies are rare metabolic defects that frequently present shortly
      after birth or in early infancy with vomiting, dehydration, ketoacidosis, and a
      peculiar body odor. If not recognized early, these can result in developmental
      retardation and/or death. A case of isovalericacidemia is reported to emphasize
      the importance of metabolic screening when an infant presents with the above
      mentioned symptoms along with an anion gap greater than 20 mEq/liter. In our
      patient, a metabolic disorder was suggested by the clinical presentation and was
      confirmed by measuring elevated levels of biproducts. The infant was given a low
      leucine diet and has developed normally since then.

PMID- 673554
TI  - Early increase in intracranial pressure in preterm infants.
AB  - Noninvasive measurement of intracranial pressure is now available via the
      anterior fontanel in newborn infants. We measured intracranial pressure during
      the first week of life in 18 preterm infants and found a statistically
      significant increase from birth to age 24 hours and a significant decrease by 48
      hours (13.8 vs. 24.4 vs. 14.3 cm H2O). This did not seem to be the result of
      postnatal head shrinkage. There were no other apparent correlations. We suspect
      that hypoxia may play an important role in the etiology of increased intracranial
      pressure. We believe that these findings may have important implications for
      intracranial hemorrhage in preterm infants.

PMID- 673555
TI  - Cost of living for infants weighing 1,000 grams or less at birth.
AB  - This article reports the in-hospital cost of caring for 75 infants weighing 1,000
      gm or less at birth who were born during the 2 1/2-year period between January
      1973 and June 1975. Thirty infants (40%) survived. Nineteen of 27 infants tested
      (70%) appear to be neurologically and developmentally "normal" at 1 to 3 years of
      age. Hospital charges were adjusted to September 1976 rates and corrected for a
      94% collection rate. Physicians' fees represented less than 5% of the total bill
      and were not included. The average adjusted daily and total costs for the 45
      infants who died were $825 and $14,236, respectively. The average adjusted daily
      and total costs for the 30 survivors were $450 and $40,287, respectively. The
      average adjusted total cost per "normal" survivor was $88,058. It is our belief
      that the outcome justifies this expense. Society, however, must be the ultimate
      judge.

PMID- 673556
TI  - Angina pectoris in a child with sickle cell anemia.
AB  - A 7-year-old black boy with sickle cell disease, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome,
      mild left ventricular dysfunction, and normal coronary arteries developed angina
      pectoris five months after cessation of hypertransfusion therapy. Exercise
      induced ECG ST segment depression associated with angina disappeared following
      transfusion therapy.

PMID- 673557
TI  - Cerebral echinococcosis, a pediatric disease: report of two cases with one
      successful five-year follow-up.
AB  - Two cases of cerebral echinococcosis in children emphasize the need to consider
      the Echinococcus in the differential diagnosis of children with CNS signs and
      symptoms. One patient died because of delay in seeking medical attention. The
      other is now a 22-year-old college student with no evidence of recurrence more
      than five years after removal of Echinococcus cysts from both brain and liver.
      The newer modalities available for diagnosis are discussed. Therapy with
      mebendazole is reviewed; this relatively new, highly effective anthelmintic is
      well tolerated and has been apparently highly effective in a small number of
      cases.

PMID- 673559
TI  - Distal digital occlusion.

PMID- 673558
TI  - Nonaccidental trauma and medical folk belief: a case of cupping.

PMID- 673560
TI  - Hypertension with virilizing adrenal tumor.

PMID- 673561
TI  - Where have all the celiacs gone?

PMID- 673562
TI  - Treatment, but with inadequate diagnosis?

PMID- 673563
TI  - Blood pressure of children in the United States.

PMID- 673564
TI  - Food additives and hyperkinesis: are there nuts among the berries?

PMID- 673565
TI  - Education postpartum women about car restraints.

PMID- 673566
TI  - Bacterial vaccines and infectious asthma.

PMID- 673567
TI  - Private practice view of otitis media.

PMID- 673568
TI  - Education for the post?

PMID- 673569
TI  - Noise pollution.

PMID- 673570
TI  - Phenobarbital and febrile seizures.

PMID- 673571
TI  - [Treatment of congenital torticollis in children].

PMID- 673572
TI  - [Role of prenatal pathology in the etiology of lesions of the central nervous
      system in newborn infants and young children].

PMID- 673573
TI  - [Spectrum of blood lipids and their transport function in healthy newborn
      infants].

PMID- 673574
TI  - [Diagnosis of mucoviscidosis according to results of meconium analysis in Cuba].

PMID- 673575
TI  - [Organization of medical services to newborn infants in the USSR].

PMID- 673576
TI  - [Clinico-morphological characteristics of mucoviscidosis in newborn infants].

PMID- 673577
TI  - [Enzymatc status of the leukocytes in newborn infants with respiratory
      insufficiency under conditions of craniocerebral hypothermia].

PMID- 673578
TI  - [Resuscitation of newborn infants and water-electrolyte balance].

PMID- 673579
TI  - [Immunoglobulin concentration in coprofiltrates and blood serum of premature
      infants receiving different feeding].

PMID- 673580
TI  - [Dynamics of the cerebral artery tonus in premature infants during the 1st few
      months of life].

PMID- 673581
TI  - [Indicators of morphological composition of blood premature infants during the
      first 3 months of life].

PMID- 673582
TI  - [Continuing education in nephrology at the pediatric faculty].

PMID- 673583
TI  - [Clinico-morphological parallels in Listeria infections of newborn infants].

PMID- 673584
TI  - [Nephrotic syndrome after smallpox vaccination].

PMID- 673585
TI  - [Hamman-Rich syndrome in children].

PMID- 673586
TI  - [Rheography in pediatrics].

PMID- 673587
TI  - [Various causative factors of fetal anoxia, asphyxia neonatorum and different
      forms of acidosis during postnatal development of children with cerebral palsy].

PMID- 673588
TI  - [Salmonellosis in children].

PMID- 673589
TI  - [Causes for the formation and exacerbation of protracted and chronic dysentery in
      children].

PMID- 673590
TI  - [Children and peace].

PMID- 673591
TI  - [Problems of the pathogenesis and therapy of protracted forms of dysentery in
      children].

PMID- 673592
TI  - [D-xylose study of the absorptive function of the small intestine in children
      with dysentery].

PMID- 673593
TI  - [Significance of lipid peroxidation processes in the cytolysis syndrome in viral
      hepatitis in children].

PMID- 673594
TI  - [Characteristics of the HB-viral forms of chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis
      in children].

PMID- 673595
TI  - [Assessment of the "degree of risk" of the formation of unfavorable outcomes in
      viral hepatitis in children].

PMID- 673596
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of chronic hepatitis and Duchenne's pseudohypertrophic
      myopathy in children].

PMID- 673597
TI  - [Use of scientific research planning methods in pediatrics].

PMID- 673598
TI  - [Intensive therapy of cardiovascular and respiratory disorders in young
      children].

PMID- 673599
TI  - [Tumors of the testicles in children].

PMID- 673600
TI  - [Lysinuric protein intolerance, an hereditary defect of amino acid transport].

PMID- 673601
TI  - [Acute abdominal cavity processes caused by Meckel's diverticulum in children].

PMID- 673602
TI  - [Case of spontaneous pneumothorax developing in a child with bronchial asthma].

PMID- 673603
TI  - [Meningococcemia with Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome].

PMID- 673605
TI  - [Hypothalamic syndrome in children with acute leukemia].

PMID- 673604
TI  - [Neuroleukemia in children].

PMID- 673606
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of various liver diseases in children with acute
      leukemia].

PMID- 673607
TI  - [Transfusion of blood and its components in pediatric practice].

PMID- 673608
TI  - [Concentration of serum immunoglobulins in children with lymphogranulomatosis].

PMID- 673609
TI  - [Possible association of iron deficiency and autosensitization to erythrocytes].

PMID- 673610
TI  - [State of pyridoxine sufficiency and its requirements in children with iron
      deficiency anemia].

PMID- 673611
TI  - [Activity of leukocyte enzymes in peripheral blood in healthy adolescents during
      various seasons].

PMID- 673612
TI  - [Some problems of medical ethics and blood diseases in children].

PMID- 673613
TI  - [Specific features of the clinical course of genitalia tumors in girls].

PMID- 673614
TI  - [Problems of neuroleukemia in children].

PMID- 673615
TI  - [Aneurysm of the aorta in a 7 1/2-year-old child].

PMID- 673616
TI  - [Muco-dermato-ocular Fuchs-Schereck syndrome in a 12-year-old child].

PMID- 673617
TI  - [Method of regulating specific immunity in acute leukemia. 1. Experimental and
      theoretical grounds of the method].

PMID- 673618
TI  - [Idiopathic pulmonary interstitial fibrosis in infants].

PMID- 673619
TI  - [Crohn's disease in children: apropos of 4 recent personal cases].

PMID- 673620
TI  - [Cardiological aspects of Edward's syndrome].

PMID- 673621
TI  - [Long-term course of congenital nephrotic syndrome with minimal glomerular
      lesions].

PMID- 673622
TI  - [Biomedical research on normal development of the child].

PMID- 673623
TI  - Toward identifying effective agents in use of biofeedback to decelerate
      stuttering behavior.

PMID- 673624
TI  - Volume discrimination in golden hamsters.
AB  - To 8 subjects (golden hamsters, Mesocricetus auratus), having learned to
      discriminate between two cubic volumes of very different size, test-situations
      were presented to determine  if the three spatial dimensions were taken into
      account during learning. The results show that width is the most used dimension.

PMID- 673625
TI  - Influence of local and central factors in dominating rated perceived exertion
      during physical work.
AB  - The literature suggests two major factors determine rated perceived exertion
      during physical work. These two factors are a local factor, i.e., sensations or
      feelings of strain in the working muscles and/or joints; and a central factor,
      i.e., sensations or feelings primarily associated with the cardiorespiratory
      systems. In some experiments heart rate and minute ventilation (central vactors)
      appear to be the dominant cues for rated perceived exertion, while in others,
      local factors such as blood lactate concentration and muscular discomfort seem to
      be the prominent cues. However, it appears that when a particular cue is
      accentuated by either elevated rate, concentration or value over others it can
      dominate the over-all rating of perceived exertion. After evaluating the existing
      literature, a model has been introduced to evaluate differentiated ratings of
      perceived exertion (local and central) in comparison to the over-all measure.
      This model may help aid in a better understanding of the mechanisms by which the
      subjective perception of exertion is determined during different types of
      physical work.

PMID- 673626
TI  - Body experience before and after surgery.
AB  - 20 hospitalized male subjects were evaluated with a battery of body-perception
      tests both pre- and post-operatively. Their scores were also compared with those
      of normal healthy adults. The results indicated great stability in organization
      of body experience even in the context of the surgical experience.

PMID- 673627
TI  - Relation of eye movements to errors on the Rod-and-Frame Test.
AB  - By a selective-attention model of rod-and-frame test performance frame
      independent (small error) subjects are better able than frame-dependent (large
      error) subjects to select out relevant cues (the rod) while suppressing
      irrelevant ones (the frame). However, certain clinical studies have implied that
      smaller errors can be obtained by employing eye-movement strategies that ignore
      rather than actively suppress irrelevant cues. In this study the number,
      magnitude, and rate of eye movements were measured in 15 subjects actively
      engaged in the test. While no discernible relationship of these variables to test
      errors was determined for frame-dependent subjects, significant negative
      correlations of rate and magnitude of movement with errors were demonstrated for
      frame-independent subjects. Group differences were observed in number and
      magnitude of eye movements. These findings are discussed as support for the
      hypothesis of selective attention.

PMID- 673628
TI  - Effects of type of target, cognitive ability, and age on projection.
AB  - It was hypothesized that older and more cognitively developed children would be
      less likely to use both attributive and contrast projection. Real and ambiguous
      target figures were used to assess the effect of the type of target on
      projection. 30 boys and 31 girls between the ages of 7 yr., 10 mo. and 14 yr., 10
      mo. predicted a favored classmate's preferences in each of several categories.
      They also predicted the preferences of an unfavored classmate and of favored and
      unfavored ambiguous targets. These predictions were compared with the subjects'
      own preferences to measure attributive and contrast projection. Type of target
      affected the amount of projection. There was significantly more contrast
      projection onto ambiguous targets (dolls) than onto real targets (classmates).
      There was significantly more attributive than contrast projection for the real
      targets only. A significant negative correlation of -.26 (df = 59) was obtained
      between age and contrast projection onto the real targets. There were no
      significant correlations between the other measures of projection and the indices
      of cognitive ability, including age.

PMID- 673629
TI  - Performance of brain-damaged, schizophrenic, and normal subjects on a visual
      searching task.
AB  - Goldstein, Rennick, Welch, and Shelly (1973) reported on a visual searching task
      that generated 94.1% correct classifications when comparing brain-damaged and
      normal subjects, and 79.4% correct classifications when comparing brain-damaged
      and psychiatric patients. In the present study, representing a partial cross
      validation with some modification of the test procedure, comparisons were made
      between brain-damaged and schizophrenic, and brain-damaged and normal subjects.
      There were 92.5% correct classifications for the brain-damaged vs normal
      comparison, and 82.5% correct classifications for the brain-damaged vs
      schizophrenic comparison.

PMID- 673630
TI  - Some personality correlates of time competence, temporal extension and temporal
      evaluation.
AB  - In a study of the relationship among three temporal dimensions, viz., competence,
      extension, and evaluation, and a number of personality variables including ego
      strength, external control, and dogmatism for 21 males and 19 females time
      competence and temporal evaluation related closely to a number of these variables
      while the relationship with extension was weak. The implications were discussed
      with reference to the value and validity of measures of temporal extension.

PMID- 673631
TI  - Memory and electro-dermal activity.
AB  - To test Levonian's retentivity-accessibility hypothesis on arousal and retention
      48 undergraduates participated in an experiment on retention while skin
      resistance was recorded. Results support Levonian's hypothesis only for longer
      term (30-min.) retention but not for short-tem (3-min.) retention.

PMID- 673632
TI  - Perception of a non-ill participant in a mental health discussion.
AB  - Describing a mental patient's claim to sanity as symptomatic may increase the
      probability that others will assimilate non-ill behavior into a pathological
      framework. In two experiments subjects saw a simulated session of group therapy
      on videotape. Each videotape contained a therapist, four persons role-playing
      specific disorders, and one person acting normally. After receiving different
      instructions, all subjects were asked to categorize the five patients. In Exp. 1
      no consistent conclusions were possible because only 2 of 59 subjects said the
      normal person was not ill. Exp. 2 avoided this "floor effect" by the videotape
      therapist's agreeing with the normal person's claim of not being ill. The
      subjects precautioned against believing claims of sanity were most likely to
      categorize the person exhibiting non-ill behavior. A second group of subjects
      were not precautioned against believing sanity claims. A third group of subjects,
      informed of one patient's non-illness, were most likely to differentiate the
      normal person from those portraying pathological behavior.

PMID- 673633
TI  - Physical fatigue and the perception of differences in load: a signal detection
      approach.
AB  - Workload is an important factor related to perception of physical fatigue.
      Because a person engaged in physical activity eventually leading to painful
      exhaustion is in a pay-off situation, the paradigm of signal detection might be
      applicable to the perception of differences in load. Two male track and field
      athletes, aged 22 and 24 yr., participated in two experiments. In Exp. 1
      difference threshold were determined with 25%, 50%, 60%, 65% and 70% of VO2 max
      as basic loads on a bicycle ergometer. Results showed a decreasing k over
      increasing work loads, contrary to Weber's law. In Exp. 2 a non-parametric signal
      detection procedure was used, with 25%, 40%, 50% and 60% of VO2 max as noise
      levels and a signal intensity of 1.5 watt in every condition. A chi 2 test for a
      2-factor design showed only an effect of noise level. The converging results of
      both experiments led to the conclusion of a relative increasing sensitivity
      across increasing work loads. The main goal for future research will be to
      develop the signal detection method as a framework for research on fatigue.

PMID- 673634
TI  - Self-consciousness and locus of control.
AB  - 179 college students were classified as internal or external in locus of control
      on the basis of I-E scores. Self-consciousness scores showed external subjects
      were more socially anxious than internal subjects.

PMID- 673635
TI  - Apparent size contrasts of retinal images and size constancy as determinants of
      the moon illusion.
AB  - Kaufman and Rock (1962) and Rock and Kaufman (1962) concluded that the moon
      illusion is a function of and attributable to apparent distance. They also
      reported a large framing effect as an exception. Analysis of the effect suggests
      two components which can account for the illusion independently of apparent
      distance. These are apparent size contrasts of visual images of discriminable
      features or objects of the earth with the moon's image and size constancy of the
      features or objects plus the interactions of the two. Apparent distances to
      horizons are always a consequence of the necessary conditions for the illusion.
      They are related to the illusion but are not a determinant of it.

PMID- 673636
TI  - Shedd's formulations concerning the hyperkinetic syndrome--an empirical test of
      selected features.
AB  - According to Shedd's (1968) formulations, one of the distinguishing
      characteristics of hyperkinetic children is the score pattern which they earn on
      different types of ability tests. Specifically, Shedd's work suggests that IQs
      from a picture vocabulary test, the WISC, and a drawing test should show the
      following order relationship: picture vocabulary greater than WISC greater than
      drawing. This hypothesis was investigated for 62 overactive children (47 boys and
      15 girls) enrolled in classes for learning disabled. The findings support Shedd's
      since IQs from the Ammons' test were significantly higher than WISC IQs which
      were significantly higher than IQs from the Goodenough-Harris. The magnitudes of
      the mean differences in scores for the three tests were within the range
      indicated by Shedd and 51 of the 62 children showed the order of scores he
      specified.

PMID- 673637
TI  - Relationship of performance on motor activities and reading achievement.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of specific motor
      activities on elementary school-aged children's reading achievement. The subjects
      were 33 boys and 33 girls in Grade 2 enrolled in the regular program. They were
      separated equally into one of three groups: Experimental group 1 participated in
      Frostig activities, Experimental group 2 read books selected for their grade
      level, while a control group followed the traditional school routine. The two
      experimental groups were children from predominantly Mexican-American descent;
      the control group was primarily of Caucasian descent. During the 20-wk. period,
      the subjects met with their respective group three times per week in 1/2-hr.
      sessions. The first and second experimental groups showed no significant
      improvement in reading achievement. It was concluded that the added motor
      activities did not enhance reading achievement.

PMID- 673638
TI  - Improvement of visual acuity in partially and fully sighted subjects as a
      function of practice, feedback, and instructional techniques.
AB  - Three experiments were conducted to examine improvement of partially (20/200 or
      6/60) and normally (20/20 or 6/6) sighted adults. Measures of resolution and
      vernier acuity were examined in the first two experiments to determine whether
      practice, feedback, and instructions would have differential effects on the
      degree of visual improvement achieved in a 20-min. testing session. The results
      indicated extensive visual work to be the important factor in the improvement of
      impaired vision. The third experiment compared monocular and binocular depth
      perception of individuals with unilateral optic atrophy. The results yielded an
      unexpected finding where binocular depth perception was, in most cases, inferior
      to that of the strong eye alone. The first two experiments demonstrated the
      possibility of improving impaired visual functions and the third experiment
      suggests important implications for a theoretical model of depth perception with
      limited vision.

PMID- 673639
TI  - The golden section: the "true" ratio?
AB  - Seven rectangles with different ratios of the lengths of their sides but of
      approximately equal areas were presented to 120 subjects to asses their aesthetic
      preferences for each rectangle. The method of pair comparisons was used for
      presentation of the rectangles. Subjects tended to prefer the golden rectangle.
      Also rectangles in the vicinity of the golden rectangle were preferred to those
      deviating markedly from it.

PMID- 673640
TI  - Evaluation of intelligence in youthful offenders: the Kahn Intelligence Tests.
AB  - It was hypothesized that there is a correlation between IQs on the Kahn
      Intelligence Tests and the WAIS. It was predicted that the correlation between
      the KIT IQs and the WAIS Performance IQs would be significantly higher than those
      between the KIT IQs and WAIS Verbal and Full Scale IQs. The KIT and WAIS were
      administered to 30 Negro and 20 white offenders ages 16-0 to 20-11. Pearson rs of
      .656, .649, and .714 were significant. Contrary to prediction, the r between the
      KIT IQs and the WAIS Performance was the lowest. Mean IQs were significantly
      different.

PMID- 673641
TI  - Differentiation of childhood body gestures.
AB  - 9 expressive body gestures were recorded while 180 boys and girls of three age
      groups (4--5 yr., 7--8 yr., and 10--11 yr.) individually performed a standardized
      play task. Analysis of variance showed a significant overall difference in
      gestures between the sexes, and 5 of the gestures ("limp wrist," "arm flutters,"
      "flexed elbow," "hand clasp," and "palming") occurred significantly more
      frequently in girls than boys. There was an interaction between sex and age for
      the "hands-on-hips with fingers forward" gesture. No differences associated with
      sex of experimenter were found.

PMID- 673642
TI  - Relationships between psychoanalytic personality pattern, death anxiety, and self
      actualization.

PMID- 673643
TI  - An evaluation of rational-emotive imagery as a component of rational-emotive
      therapy in the treatment of test anxiety.
AB  - This study evaluated the efficacy of rational-emotive imagery as a component of
      rational-emotive therapy in reduction of college students' test anxiety. 11
      volunteers met for 6 1-hr. group treatment sessions over a 3-wk. period. After 2
      initial treatment sessions subjects were randomly assigned to groups given either
      rational-emotive therapy with rational-emotive imagery or rational-emotive
      therapy without imagery. Contrary to predictions, improvement between groups on
      self-report and performance measures was nonsignificant. Failure to obtain
      differences was attributed to similarities in content of treatment sessions and
      short treatment time. Combined groups reported significant improvement on all
      dependent measures. Although the study did not yield the predicted benefits of
      the imagery, results lend further support to the efficacy of rational-emotive
      therapy procedures in the reduction of test anxiety.

PMID- 673644
TI  - Effects of color and trait anxiety on state anxiety.
AB  - A 2 (trait anxiety) X 4 (color) factorial design was used to determine the
      effects of red, green, yellow, and blue on state anxiety as a function of high
      and low trait anxiety. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was used to assess both
      traint (A-Trait) and state (A-State) anxiety for the 10 students assigned to each
      of the eight treatment combinations. High A-Trait students were significantly
      more anxious while viewing blue, red, and green than were the low A-Trait
      students and blue produced significantly more state anxiety than did either
      yellow or green. These results are consitent with state-trait theory and indicate
      that the effects of color on state anxiety may be confounded with trait anxiety
      unless the levels of A-Trait are equivalent for each color condition. The role of
      cultural and individual differences in the relationship between color and emotion
      and implications for research are discussed.

PMID- 673645
TI  - Effects of relative frequency of knowledge of results on retention of a motor
      skill.
AB  - The effects of relative frequency of knowledge of results on the retention of a
      motor skill was studied. Adams' theory (1971) contends that the perceptual trace
      of a criterion position gains on increment of strenth each time the feedback
      stimuli associated with the criterion position are experienced and that it is the
      strength of the perceptual trace that determines retention. Schmidt's theory
      (1975), however, suggests that the recognition schema is updated only on trials
      on which the feedback stimuli associated with the criterion position are
      experienced in conjunction with knowledge of results and that it is the precision
      of the recognition schema that determines retention. Two experiments were
      conducted. The results provided evidence contrary to Adams' theory. Schmidt's
      theory, however, was only partially supported.

PMID- 673646
TI  - Field dependence and blood cholesterol: an expansion.
AB  - In a pilot study of 65 newly admitted psychiatric patients the first author
      evaluated the relationship between cholesterol, uric acid, and field dependence.
      The results suggested that high uric acid and low cholesterol individuals were
      more field independent whereas low uric acid and high cholesterol individuals
      were more field dependent. However, the differences were influenced mostly by the
      values of cholesterol and little by the uric acid. We have now expanded the
      sample to 229 consecutive admissions excepting only in-patients that were
      alcoholics or taking medication that has effects on any of the dependent
      variables. Included were age, ponderal index (a ratio of height and weight), and
      sex. For the whole group, field dependence correlated highly with age and
      cholesterol but less with blood uric acid. Dividing the sample by sex the
      situation changed. For males field dependence did not correlate with any of the
      other variables. However, for the females field dependence showed a positive
      correlation with cholesterol and age and with cholesterol even after correcting
      for age. Diagnoses did not correlate with any other variables except field
      dependence as an analysis of variance showed an incrase of field dependence when
      the patients were divided into three groups: (1) schizophrenics, (2)
      miscellaneous (including personality disorders), and (3) affective disorders.
      Again, these results demonstrated no relationship of field dependence with blood
      uric acid.

PMID- 673647
TI  - Role of two-dimensional surface characteristics in pictorial depth perception.
AB  - The purpose of the present experiment was to test the hypothesis that flat
      surface information for the plane of projection is the essential difference
      between ordinary and pictorial perception. Adults were asked to make relative
      size judgments of pairs of squares and triangles placed and pictured at various
      distances. The conditions were: real scene controls, life-size slides and prints,
      and real scenes viewed through clear glass, textured glass, a screen and a 50-mm
      lens. The error rate was significantly lower with real scenes than with either
      slides or prints which did not differ. The control data for real scenes were used
      for comparison to test for the effects of interposed flat surfaces on size
      judgments of real scenes. Viewing real scenes through either a clear glass pane
      or a 50-mm lens increased the error rate two and one-half times that of the
      controls for real scenes. Neither textured glass nor a screen significantly
      affected error rate. Results were interpreted as supporting the hypothesis that
      information about a flat surface for the plane of projection is the critical
      variable determining the special character of picture perception.

PMID- 673648
TI  - Relationships among measures of preferred tempo and motor rhythm.
AB  - Male and female subjects (Ns = 100) performed an accuracy task involving
      consecutive arm swings at a self-paced tempo. Following this, the subjects
      performed a motor rhythm task keeping in cadence with audio-visual stimuli
      presented at their preferred tempo. Previous findings regarding the magnitude of
      individual differences in preferred tempo and within-individual variability were
      replicated, as was the absence of sex differences for these attributes. With
      regard to motor rhythm, the findings indicated that (a) constant and variable
      error, and not absolute error, were the appropriate measures of performance, (b)
      there were no sex differences either in spatial or temporal accuracy or in trial
      to-trial consistency of performance, (c) substantial individual differences were
      present in rhythmic accuracy, as were moderate individual differences in
      variability, (d) neither rhythmic accuracy nor variability was appreciably
      related to preferred tempo, and (e) spatial and temporal accuracy are relatively
      independent components of rhythmic accuracy.

PMID- 673649
TI  - An analysis of the relationship between cardiac deceleration and correct
      performance under conditions of constant task difficulty.
AB  - Previous analyses of the relationship between cardiac deceleration and correct
      performance suffered from a confounding of task difficulty with performance
      accuracy. The present analysis indicates that the relationship between these
      variables still holds and is, in fact, more general under conditions which
      control difficulty of the task at a constant level.

PMID- 673650
TI  - Influence of professional background and sex of therapist on attitudes towards
      patients.
AB  - A brief report of the attitudes of therapists towards psychiatric outpatients,
      varying in socioeconomic background, insight levels and degrees of disturbances,
      is presented. Results suggest that the professional affiliation and sex of
      therapists influenced their attitudes towards the patients.

PMID- 673651
TI  - Conservation of illusion-distorted identity tasks.
AB  - Four conservation of illusion-distorted identity tasks were presented to 10 boys
      ranging in chronological age (CA) from 5-5 to 12, and in mental age (MA) from 3-5
      to 10-2, to document individual differences among children with delayed
      development in acquisition of conservation skills.

PMID- 673652
TI  - Number of response alternatives and spatial arrangement on a visual
      discrimination task.
AB  - Normal children, 30 each from ages 5 and 7 yr., were administered a visual
      discrimination test through a programmed learning machine. Visual discrimination
      was defined as a match-to-sample task in which subjects pointed to the geometric
      form, number, or printed letter of the alphabet that matched the stimulus form.
      Procedures were designed to eliminate learning variables. Although both age
      groups performed well, there was a statistically significant difference in the
      total performance at the two ages. A 3-way analysis of variance showed age,
      number of response alternatives, and type of stimulus form were significant
      variables; all interactions were significant. It appeared that the significant
      variable for the 5-yr.-olds was the type of geometric configuration, while the
      variable most important for the 7-yr.-olds was the number of response
      alternatives. Patterns of errors on the most difficult item showed the 5-yr.-olds
      made errors involving a reversal or rotation of the stimulus figure, while the 7
      yr.-olds made errors involving some detail of the stimulus figure.

PMID- 673653
TI  - The color-word connotative incongruity effect.
AB  - Two experiments tested the hypothesis that color-naming speed is slower for
      inconsistent than for consistent color-word combinations as defined by separate
      semantic differential ratings of color and word components. In Exp. 1 15
      undergraduate subjects individually made telegraph-key identifications of
      consistent and inconsistent instances of yellow or brown color-word combinations.
      For Exp. 2 and analogue of the Stroop Color-Word Test was constructed in which
      two cards contained only consistent, and two cards contained only inconsistent,
      adjective-color combinations. Autonym adjectival pairs, e.g., "hot"--"cold," were
      used ensuring that two card-pairs contained cards identical in every respect
      except consistency. Color-naming times of 40 undergraduate subjects for
      consistent and inconsistent cards were compared. Results of the two experiments
      supported the hypothesis. Since semantic differential ratings presumably index
      implicit reactions to stimuli having no obvious relationship to color-naming,
      these data suggested that a response-competion explanation of semantic-color
      interaction is incomplete.

PMID- 673654
TI  - Autonomy of image and use of single or multiple sense modalities in original
      verbal image production.
AB  - The use of a single or of multiple sense modalities in the production of original
      verbal images as related to autonomy of imagery was explored. 72 college adults
      were administered Onomatopoeia and Images and the Gordon Test of Visual Imagery
      Control. A modified scoring procedure for the Gordon scale differentiated imagers
      who were moderate or low in autonomy. The two groups produced original verbal
      images using multiple sense modalities more frequently than a single modality.

PMID- 673655
TI  - Adults' speech disfluency: single-syllable word repetition.

PMID- 673656
TI  - Opponent hues in visual masking.
AB  - Temporal interactions among opponent and non-opponent hues were investigated in a
      visual masking paradigm in which both backward and forward temporal sequences
      were employed. Subjective confidence ratings rather than identification
      thresholds alone served as response indicators for masking sequences. Results
      indicate that in the backward sequence (test stimulus followed by masking
      stimulus) a greater masking effect occurred when the stimuli were of non-opponent
      hue pairs (red-yellow, red-blue, green-yellow, green-blue) than when compared
      with opponent hue pairs (red-green, yellow-blue). For the forward sequence (test
      stimulus preceded by masking stimulus) the masking effect was reduced when
      compared with the backward sequence. These findings appear to reflect the
      presumed temporal and spatial antagonistic qualities of opponent hue processes as
      postulated in the Hering model of color vision.

PMID- 673657
TI  - The spontaneous ending of sleep.
AB  - The last hour of spontaneous awakenings from uninterrupted sleep of 16 young
      adults was analyzed. In general, sleep was not fitful and broken but a
      continuation of the sleep process to the point of awakening. There were
      substantial individual differences in the time of awakening and the stage of
      sleep from which the sleeper emerged.

PMID- 673658
TI  - Influence of an interpolated non-related motor task on short- and long-term
      memory learning and retention of a gross motor skill.
AB  - A control group of young men (N = 28) continuously practiced climbing a free
      standing ladder for 20 1-min. "trials" separated by 1-min. rests; after a 1-wk.
      layoff they practiced 5 additional trials. The learning trend, of the exponential
      form, y = c - a1e -kx1 - a2e -kx2 was not affected by the layoff. Another group
      (N = 28) performed the skill in the same manner, except that prior to the layoff
      the 1-min. Rests were replaced with practice on the pursuit rotor task. This
      caused a cumulative learning deficit and forgetting during the layoff.
      Progressive improvement in 5 post-layoff trials (without the rotor) established
      relearning and overcame the deficit. These effects were statistically
      significant. They were thought to be caused by the rotor practice interfering
      with just-learned ladder skill consolidation, so that the gain in skill was not
      processed into long-term memory.

PMID- 673659
TI  - Cognitive and interpersonal growth during the college freshman year: a structural
      analysis.
AB  - The present paper attempts a structural analysis of the relationship between
      logical operations, personality organization, and personality traits in college
      students. Since college students cover a wide range of operational abilities, one
      should be able to examine this age group to see whether or not different modes of
      thinking are reflected in personality measures. 55 freshmen were administered a
      measure of formal operations consisting of eight suboperations and a complete
      score, the Omnibus Personality Inventory, and the conceptual complexity measure.
      A structural analysis of the interrelationships is discussed in terms of a core
      cognitive function.

PMID- 673660
TI  - Variations in DDT concentration in muscle tissue of channel catfish, Ictalurus
      punctatus, from the Des Moines River, 1971.
AB  - Concentrations of DDT in muscle tissue of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus,
      from the Des Moines River, Iowa, were compared in relation to length, age, sex,
      and fat content. Residue concentrations were not correlated with sex. Although
      residue concentrations were significantly correlated with size-related factors
      and fat content, they varied widely. Therefore, predictions of DDT concentrations
      in individual catfish on the basis of length, age, or muscle fat content may be
      grossly inaccurate.

PMID- 673661
TI  - Mercury, cadmium, lead, and arsenic in sediments, plankton, and clams from Lake
      Washington and Sardis Reservoir, Mississippi, October 1975-May 1976.

PMID- 673662
TI  - DDT residues in rainwater in New Brunswick and estimate of aerial transport of
      DDT into the Gulf of St. Lawrence, 1967-68.
AB  - Residues of DDT were detected in 76 of 101 samples of rainwater collected during
      spring and summer at several sites in the Province of New Brunswick in 1967 and
      1968, and at one site in the Magdalen Islands, Quebec, in 1968. The dominant
      residue was p,p'-DDT. Levels of DDT and metabolites combined ranged from less
      than 0.01 to 1.33 microgram/kg. Levels of DDT and metabolites in the pollen of
      four species of forest trees in New Brunswick ranged from 0.544 to 1.01 mg/kg;
      such contaminated pollen possibly contributed to residues in rainwater. Residue
      data for rainwater from two sites were used to estimate the amount of DDT
      aerially transported into the Gulf of St. Lawrence during July to October 1968.

PMID- 673663
TI  - [Histlogic and radiologic study on narrowing of the pyloric portion in peptic
      ulcer and early carcinoma of the stomach (author's transl)].

PMID- 673664
TI  - [Renal arteriographic assessment and renal venous plasma renin activity in
      hypertension (author's transl)].

PMID- 673665
TI  - [Adrenal scintigraphy using a pinhole collimator (author's transl)].

PMID- 673666
TI  - [Evaluation of short term radiotherapy with small number of fractions (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 673668
TI  - [Correct use of biguanides].

PMID- 673667
TI  - [Radiological aspects of systemic diseases--practical classification by
      radiological abnormalities (author's transl)].

PMID- 673669
TI  - [Acute duodenal ulcers complicating Listeria meningitis (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors report 3 cases of acute complicated duodenal ulcers occurring during
      the course of Listeria meningitis. These three adults (2 females and 1 male)
      suffered from localised neurological involvement and, in 2 cases neurovegatative
      disorders an altered level of consciousness. The ulcers were situated in the
      duodenal cap, and in each case there were at least 2 large excavated ulcers.
      These ulcers were the site of late complications on the 13th and 15th days after
      the onset of neurological disease. In two cases the major symptom was
      haemorrhage, whilst in the third it subsided leaving a syndrome of peritonitis
      due to perforation. Treatment in all three cases consisted of vagotomy with
      pyloroplasty (the ulcers being excised or sutured). All the patients recovered
      from their digestive complications without relapse despite the persistence 6 and
      10 months later of the same neurological problems in two of them. All these facts
      would be in favour of a neurogenic aetiopathogenesis, via the vagal nerve. Thus
      acute late duodenal ulcers in patients with neurological disease from a separate
      enity within the context of stress lesions.

PMID- 673670
TI  - [Posterior mycardial infarction with or without the initial complication of
      atroventricular block. Short and long term comparative clinical study (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Comparison of the short term clinical course of 2 groups of patients who had
      suffered a first posterior myocardial infarction complicated during the acute
      phase (group A) by 2nd or 3rd degree atrioventricular block, or free of such a
      complication (group B), confirmed two classical concepts: the onset of this
      complication in one case out of five and a two-fold increase in mortality when it
      occurs. In the mid- and long term, however, the course is relatively similar in
      both groups, which do not differ initially in terms of average age, sex
      distribution nor the usual risk factors of coronary artery disease. In addition,
      the absence of sudden deaths in group A would suggest that AV block is a
      definitively regressive complication.

PMID- 673671
TI  - [Cerebral tuberculosis. There clinicopathological cases (author's transl)].
AB  - The clinico-pathological report of three cases of cerebral tuberculosis,
      collected over a 10 year period in a single neurological department from non
      immigrant patients emphasizes the difficulties of diagnosis and therapy of this
      disease. Multiple tuberculomas have simulated either an alcoolic encephalopathy
      in one case or a primitive cerebral tumour in another one. In the third case, the
      course of an exceptional cerebral miliary tuberculosis was not modified by the
      treatment. Liver cirrhosis was present in every case.

PMID- 673672
TI  - [Xanthinuria (author's transl)].
AB  - Xanthinuria, described in 1954 by Dent and Philpot, is a rare metabolic disorder,
      characterised by a deficiency in xanthine-oxidase, a key enzyme in the synthesis
      of uric acid. It results in hypouricaemia and hypouricuria, the urinary excretion
      of products of purine synthesis taking place in the form of uric acid precursors:
      hypoxanthine and xanthine. By virtue of the very slight solubility of xanthine,
      this xanthinuria may cause urinary lithiasis, in general occurring early. More
      often, however, the disease is asymptomatic and diagnosed following the chance
      discovery of hypouricaemia. We report 6 recent cases.

PMID- 673673
TI  - [Approaches to the hip in the child. I. Partial approaches (author's transl)].
AB  - It exist multiple approaches to the hip in the child. This first section is
      devoted to a description of those approaches which offer only limited exposure of
      the joint. Alongside the medial approach used for joint puncture and the
      obturator approach, scarcely of any use, three important approaches respecting
      the integrity of the gluteal muscles may be used: those of Hueter and of Watson
      Jones, to the anterior aspect of the neck of the femur and that of Moore,
      approaching its posterior aspect.

PMID- 673674
TI  - [The proliferation of religious sects].

PMID- 673675
TI  - [Alopecia induced by oncostatic drug therapy: prevention by pneumatic head band].

PMID- 673676
TI  - [Cytological diagnosis of malaria with a concentration of parasitized
      erythrocytes].

PMID- 673677
TI  - [Failure of naloxone to modify the anti-tobacco effect of acupuncture (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 673678
TI  - [Artefact during the estimation of 17-ketosteroids in patients treated with
      acebutolol (author's transl)].

PMID- 673679
TI  - [Pituitary necrosis following pneumoencephalography in a patient with
      acromegaly].

PMID- 673680
TI  - [Infant incubator fires:hazards of alcohol].

PMID- 673681
TI  - [Digestive localisations of non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphomas (author's transl)].

PMID- 673682
TI  - [Luteal insufficiency in women with benign breast disease].

PMID- 673683
TI  - [Meprobamate poisoning with cardiac insufficiency. Treatment with dobutamine].

PMID- 673684
TI  - [Hypokalemia during treatment with indapamide. 3 cases].

PMID- 673685
TI  - [Familial colonic cancer].

PMID- 673687
TI  - [Intra-epithelial epithelioma of the uterine cervix].

PMID- 673686
TI  - [Emergency medicine. Current status of education methods in France].

PMID- 673688
TI  - [Evaluation of the effectiveness of a diagnostic examination: from data to
      medical decision (author's transl)].
AB  - It is desirable to assess the value of special investigations by objective
      criteria. Conditional probabilities are suitable for this purpose. Sensitivity
      and specificity indicate the prevalence of a sign in a disease. Predictive values
      estimate the probability of a disease when a sign is present and the probability
      of absence of disease when the sign is absent. Comparison between the
      informational value of a sign or examination with concepts of cost or of risk to
      the patient is then possible. This made be used as a basis for determining a
      strategy for special investigations in the establishment of a diagnosis.

PMID- 673689
TI  - [Per-operative cholangiography in cholelithiasis: diagnostic value (author's
      transl)].
AB  - This study was aimed at determining the predictive value of pre-operative signs
      in comparison with those of per-operative cholangiography in the diagnosis of an
      obstruction in the common bile duct during cholecystectomy for lithiasis. 154
      cases were studied. The predictive value of pre-operative signs suggestive of
      obstruction was 0.46 and that of per-operative cholangiography 0.81. The
      predictive value of signs suggestive of the absence of obstruction was 0.90 and 1
      for per-operative cholangiography. Per-operative cholangiography should thus be
      performed whenever possible during cholecystectomy for lithiasis.

PMID- 673690
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of intra-epithelial carcinoma of the uterine cervix.
      About 124 cases (author's transl)].
AB  - The means for diagnosis, treatment and long follow-up of intra epithelial
      carcinomas of the uterine cervix are assessed by the authors, about 124 cases
      seen at the Hotel-Dieu de Paris. The diagnosis is given by cytologic means and
      mostly by colposcopic examination. When the cylindro-pavimental junction (usual
      initial focus) is seen in totality, direct biopsies always gave an accurate
      diagnosis. When the junction is not seen, only a diagnostic--conisation can allow
      a definitive answer. Two types of surgical treatment were applied: amputation of
      the cervix conservative of menstrual and/or reproductive functions and,
      hysterectomy led by vaginal or abdominal route. The patients were followed from 1
      to 16 years by the triple cytologic, Schiller test and colposcopic examination:
      none of them showed any recurrence either of intra-epithelial or of invasive
      type.

PMID- 673691
TI  - [Diagnosis of pericardial effusion by echocardiography and radionuclide
      angiography (author's transl)].
AB  - Echocardiography and radionuclide angiography are presently the two first choices
      non-invasive methods for the diagnosis of pericardial effusion. To evaluate the
      sensitivity and specificity of these methods, a prospective study of 43
      consecutive patients was undertaken. Confirmation by tap or autopsy was obtained
      in 10 cases; for the remainers, strict clinical signs were requested. The results
      of both methods were classified in a quantitative manner. Our data confirms the
      greater sensitivity and specificity of echocardiography compared with
      radionuclide angiocardiography, when small amounts of effusion are present.
      However, the correlation between the two methods is satisfactory when a greater
      amount of fluid is present.

PMID- 673692
TI  - [Phaeochromocytoma with psychiatric disturbances. One case (author's transl)].
AB  - A case of phaeochromocytoma which presented with hypertension and severe
      psychiatric disturbances including three attempts at suicide. These psychiatric
      problems regressed completely following removal of the tumour. Although
      inconstant, the combination of hypertension and psychiatric problems should
      always lead to studies for the possible presence of a phaeochromocytoma. The
      mechanism of these disturbances is not clearly understood but either a direct
      action of catecholamines on cerebral tissue or changes secondary to blood
      pressure variations are suggested.

PMID- 673693
TI  - [Approaches to the hip in the child. II. Wide approaches (author's transl)].
AB  - A wide exposure of the hip joint is often necessary in the treatment of
      congenital dislocation of the hip: Salter's or Olliers's approach, and in that of
      epiphysiolysis: Dunn's approach. This description of these approaches completes a
      review of the surgical approaches which are used in the child.

PMID- 673694
TI  - [Continuing medical education. Future perspectives].

PMID- 673695
TI  - [Degranulation of human basophils and circulating immune complexes in a case of
      serum sickness (author's transl)].

PMID- 673696
TI  - [Mental confusion in a patient treated with cimetidine (author's transl)].

PMID- 673697
TI  - [Alveolar-arterial difference in CO2 in pneumonology practice].

PMID- 673698
TI  - [Abdominal echography: reduction of the amount of intestinal gas by a simple
      maneuver].

PMID- 673699
TI  - [Radioimmunologic antidiuretic homrone level in 5 cases of hyponatremic
      hypothyroidism].

PMID- 673700
TI  - [Splenectomy associated with colectomy: prognostic results].

PMID- 673701
TI  - [The role of lectures in continuing education and time utilization of
      physicians].

PMID- 673702
TI  - [Current status of saturnism].

PMID- 673703
TI  - [Glutathion-synthetase deficiency with 5-oxoprolinuria. Two new cases and a
      review of the literature (author's transl)].
AB  - Hereditary deficiency in glutathion- synthetase is a rare disease presenting up
      to now either with a congenital non-spherocytic anaemia or with a metabolic
      acidosis, most often neonatal and accompanied by a pyroglutamic amino-aciduria (5
      oxoprolinuria). These two syndrome may be present together or exist
      independently. Pyroglutamic amino-aciduria is the result of extension of the
      deficiency to non-haematopoietic cells, in particular renal. Two new cases of
      glutathion-synthetase deficiency are reported: both with haemolytic anaemia and
      moderate pyroglutamic amino-aciduria, in the absence of clinical signs of
      metabolic acidosis. The clinical, haematological and biochemical heterogeneity of
      the deficiency is illustrated by these two cases and datas from the literature.

PMID- 673704
TI  - [Fatal accident by ingestion of a massive dose of sodium fluoride].

PMID- 673705
TI  - [The determination of basal weight by the measurement of bodily impedance.
      Routine use in chronic haemodialysis (author's transl)].

PMID- 673706
TI  - [Recurrent anuria, thrombopenia and jaundice: unusual manifestation of
      hypersensitivity to ajmaline].

PMID- 673707
TI  - [Double pylorus: spontaneous disappearance].

PMID- 673709
TI  - [Sudden death in the elderly. Resuscitation of three patients aged about 90 years
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 673708
TI  - [Temporary endocavitary electrosystolic pacing in Guillain-Barre syndrome].

PMID- 673710
TI  - [Association of parathyroid adenoma with thyroid adenoma].

PMID- 673712
TI  - [Time: an indispensable dimension of the psychological comprehension of man].

PMID- 673711
TI  - [In vitro thyroid evaluation: 10 possible parameters].

PMID- 673713
TI  - [Infectious pathology and antibiotic usage in hospital. Results of a prevalence
      survey (author's transl)].
AB  - Prevalence surveys of infection and antibiotic usage in hospitals have been
      performed in U.S.A. on many times, but have never been performed in France.
      Conducted in a 529 beds hospital, this survey has shown that: - 38% of patients
      had an infection, - 41% of patients received antimicrobial therapy, - 61% of
      infections had not a microbiological proof. This prevalence survey is a useful
      aid for the bearing of the actions of the department of infectious pathology wich
      supports infection and antibiotherapy in each of their aspects in the whole
      hospital.

PMID- 673714
TI  - [Calcifying and non-calcifying chronic pancreatitis. A statistical study
      (author's transl)].
AB  - A statistical study aimed at the determination of any possible differences
      between calcifying and non-calcifying chronic pancreatitis. It would seem that
      whilst there are differences from a histopathological and biological standpoint,
      these differences disappear completely as far as postoperative course is
      concerned. Curiously enough, the long term prognosis was the same regardless of
      the type of pancreatitis.

PMID- 673715
TI  - [Longitudinal study of 18 cases of prolactin adenoma. Therapeutic results
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Complete endocrinological studies were made before and after surgery in 18 cases
      of prolactin adenoma (2 giant adenomas and 16 macro-adenomas). Certain points are
      stressed: the frequency of the haemorrhagic nature of the adenoma in 4 cases,
      including 1 case of spontaneous necrosis; the great variability in dynamic
      responses to the TRH stimulation test or inhibition by I-Dopa; the persistence in
      14 cases out of 16 of postoperative hyperproclactinaemia, requiring the
      prescription of 5 to 10 mg/day of bromocriptine, rarely more; the disappearance
      of total impotence in two male cases as a result of the latter drug, whilst
      testerone and dihydrotestosterone levels were normal before the beginning of
      medical treatment.

PMID- 673716
TI  - [Hereditary haemorrhagic telanglectasia in a large Saharan familly. 87 cases in
      the same family (author's transl)].
AB  - Study of a large family in the Sahara led to the discovery of 87 cases of
      hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia in six generations. This disease had not
      previously been described in Arab families. The particular structure of this
      family and the high incidence of consanguinity made it possible to study one
      individual who was homozygous for hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia gene.
      Examination of the family tree confirms the autosomal dominant transmission of
      the disorder.

PMID- 673717
TI  - [Bronchopulmonary "tumouriet" Rare aetiology of an isolated rounded opacity
      (author's transl)].
AB  - In the case described, the onset of haemoptysis led to the discovery of a rounded
      opacity at the left base. All investigations being negative, thoracotomy was
      performed. The diagnosis could then be made by histology. Bronchopulmonary
      "tumourlets" are rarely seen (184 cases) masses of epithelial cells which are
      usually discovered by chance within areas of altered pulmonary tissue. Forms with
      clinical or radiological manifestations are extremely rare, only 4 other cases
      having been described. The pathogenesis of these tumours has been the object of
      recent ultrastructural studies which have shown the relationship which exists
      between "tumourlet" and carcinoid tumour. It would thus seem reasonable to
      classify "tumourlets" amongst the tumours of the diffuse endocrine system. The
      authors nevertheless feel that it would be premature to name them as bronchial
      carcinoids of tumourlet type. The concept of "tumourlet" as a separate entity
      should be retained.

PMID- 673718
TI  - [Screw-plate with translation for high femoral osteotomy (author's transl)].
AB  - A plate designed from the model used by R. Judet for fractures of femoral neck is
      presented. It is adapted to the fixation of high femoral osteotomy with internal
      translation, affected or not with valgus or varus. The screwing of the plate,
      when in place, realizes systematically a compression at the level of the
      osteotomy. The system is very stable and enables the begining of reeducation
      without delay.

PMID- 673719
TI  - [Hemorrhagic diathesis after massive transfusions].

PMID- 673720
TI  - [The role of oxolinic acid in insomnia].

PMID- 673721
TI  - [Variation of the intracranial pressure during epileptic attacks].

PMID- 673722
TI  - [Insulin-dependent diabetes: prevalence of HL-A antigens depending on sex of the
      patients].

PMID- 673723
TI  - [Typhoid fever with thrombopenia].

PMID- 673724
TI  - [Apropos of chloroquine-induced neuromyopathies].

PMID- 673725
TI  - [How do corticoids act in pollinosis?].

PMID- 673726
TI  - [Biopsy of accessory labial salivary glands in sarcoidosis].

PMID- 673727
TI  - [Endocavitary electrosystolic pacing in a case of ascending
      polyradiculoneuritis].

PMID- 673728
TI  - [Value of blood theophylline determination].

PMID- 673729
TI  - [Function of polynuclear neutrophils in smokers].

PMID- 673730
TI  - [Diagnostic value of electrocardiogram during attack of angina: a dogma to be
      revised].

PMID- 673731
TI  - [Treatment of acute peritonitis by peritoneal antisepsis using an iodinated
      polyvinylpyrrolidone solution].

PMID- 673732
TI  - [Long sojourn in North America during and at the end of surgical education].

PMID- 673733
TI  - [Demography of medical students: analysis, projections and results].

PMID- 673734
TI  - [Pubertal prolactin adenoma. Eight cases (author's transl)].
AB  - Among 70 operated patients with a histologically verified prolactin secreting
      adenoma, 8 cases (7 girls, 1 boy) presented the onset of clinical signs before,
      during or immediately after puberty. Two different clinical syndromes were
      detected. In the younger patient group (4 cases), the first clinical signs at the
      onset of puberty were arrest of both growth and pubertal development. In the four
      remaining causes where in puberty had been achieved, primary-secondary amenorrhea
      and galactorrhea were observed. Sellar tomograms revealed the presence of
      invasive adenoma in 3 patients, and circumscribed (enclosed) adenoma in 5 cases.
      In 7 cases, surgical management was by the transsphenoidal approach, while one
      patient underwent subfrontal surgery. Post-operative results were a function of
      tumour size. In the seven patients having undergone transsphenoidal surgery, 4
      patients displayed a return to normal prolactin function. In the remaining
      patients, post-operative management was conducted with bromocriptin and without
      radiotherapy.

PMID- 673735
TI  - [B.C.G. osteitis after immunotherapy (author's transl)].
AB  - A case of B.C.G. osteitis occuring after an attempt at the restoration of immune
      function in a patient with Hodgkin's disease. The diagnosis was based upon
      histological study of a biopsy specimen and the discovery of a B.C.G. strain.
      Tuberculostatic therapy resulted in local healing. The various complications and
      side-effects of B.C.G. immunotherapy are reported in the discussion: local
      reactions, regional lymphadenopathy, systemic infections, hypersensitivity
      phenomena, pulmonary, bone marrow and hepatic involvement.

PMID- 673736
TI  - [Single centro-hepatic biliary cyst (author's transl)].
AB  - This is a rare condition, often presenting late as a result of compression of
      adjacent organs, as demonstrated by radiological examinations. Laparoscopy
      reveals only hepatic hypertrophy whilst the intrahepatic lesion is seen on
      isotope scan, its irregular appearance sometimes leading to confusion with
      metastatic disease. Study by scanner confirms its cystic nature. This
      dysembryoplasic nature of this lesion is now generally accepted, its origins
      lying in the vestiges of the hepatic ducts. Resection of the overling dome is the
      usual treatment of exteriorised biliary cysts. The evacuation of large central
      cysts may be associated with haemorrhagic complications as a result of
      decompression, which explains the need for slow evacuation or even the preference
      sometimes expressed for excision at the outset, in particular in the case of a
      left-sided lesion.

PMID- 673737
TI  - [Posterior septal rupture occurring early following myocardial infarction.
      Surgical repair (author's transl)].
AB  - The particular anatomical features of posterior septal ruptures necessitate an
      adaptation of the technique used in the repair of anterior lesions. The repair
      may be performed either via a right transventricular approach or via a left
      transventricular approach, the choice being guided by the topography of the
      parietal lesions of myocardial necrosis and by the existence and type of
      associated valvular lesions.

PMID- 673738
TI  - [Analgesia during transport of wounded and sick using an equimolecular mixture of
      nitrous oxide and oxygen].

PMID- 673739
TI  - [Prolonged treatment with cimetidine in 2 cases of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome].

PMID- 673740
TI  - [Cushing's syndrome induced by local corticoid therapy].

PMID- 673741
TI  - [Little-known radiologic appearance of cholelithiasis: the star sign].

PMID- 673743
TI  - [Long-term anticoagulant treatment].

PMID- 673742
TI  - [HBsAg negative chronic active hepatitis: presence of sanded nuclei in
      hepatocytes].

PMID- 673744
TI  - [Type II hyperlipoproteinemia: treatment with colestipol and procetophen].

PMID- 673745
TI  - [Apropos of biological diagnosis of pheochromocytoma].

PMID- 673746
TI  - [Ovarian cysts during periodic hemodialysis].

PMID- 673747
TI  - [Status epilepticus and transient disorders of heart conduction induced by too
      fast intravenous infusion of naftidrofuryl].

PMID- 673748
TI  - [Bradycardia and oculocardiac reflex in Landry-Guillain-Barre syndrome].

PMID- 673749
TI  - [New treatment of Raynaud's disease].

PMID- 673750
TI  - [Emergencies in hospital environment. Critical study of structure and function of
      the emergency service of the Hopital Henri Mondor].

PMID- 673751
TI  - [Drug consumption: comparison between France and Sweden].

PMID- 673752
TI  - [Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in adults. 10 cases (author's transl)].
AB  - Since it is relatively rare, spontaneous pneumomediastinum is often little known
      to clinicians. Making the diagnosis, however, presents no problem if the three
      essential signs are present, that is to say: -subcutaneous emphysema of the base
      of the neck (7 cases), -Hamman's sign, (6 cases), -a paramediastinal air shadow
      on chest roentgenograms, (8 cases). The condition is brought about by rupture of
      perivascular alveoli resulting in the migration of air along the pulmonary
      vessels. The principal advantage of making the diagnosis is that it enables one
      to eliminate other pain-causing thoracic syndromes, especially myocardial
      infarction, pulmonary embolus and acute pericarditis. The clinical course is
      usually benign necessitating no treatment.

PMID- 673753
TI  - [The rheumatoid rosette test in bacterial endocarditis. A non-specific test for
      inflammation (author's transl)].
AB  - The rheumatoid rosette test was performed in 33 patients with febrile valvular
      cardiopathy. In 19 cases bacterial endocarditis was proved by blood culture or by
      histological examination. The test was positive in 3 cases out of 5 during the
      first ten days of the fever (group A1), in 6 cases out of 6 after the tenth day
      (group A2), and in 4 out of the 8 already treated patients (group A3). In 3
      positive cases, successive measurements, before and during treatment, showed a
      rapid fall in rosette levels. In controls patients, the test was positive 8 out
      of 9 cases with febrile valvular cardiopathy without endocarditis (group B) and
      in 5 out of 5 cases in which bacterial endocarditis was probable but not proved
      (group C). The increase in rheumatoid rosette levels seems therefore to be non
      specific of bacterial endocarditis. Nevertheless it could be a good test for
      biological activity of the disease in treated patients. The origin and
      signification of the rheumatoid rosette forming cells are discussed.

PMID- 673754
TI  - [Placental tumors resistant to usual chemotherapy: treatment with cis
      diaminedichloroplatinum (2 case reports)].
AB  - As cis diaminedichloroplatinum is active in testicular choriocarcinoma, it was
      logical to try it for placental choriocarcinoma. This drug has been shown very
      active on two cases of placental choriocarcinoma resisting to methotrexate and
      actinomycine D. As cis diaminedichloroplatinum is a very toxic drug, it will be
      given only in the cases resisting to other and less toxic antimitotics.

PMID- 673755
TI  - [Duodenal ulcer associated with a pyloric microgastrinoma and antropyloric focal
      gastrinosis (author's transl)].
AB  - In a patient with a duodenal ulcer, with acid hypersecretion and moderately
      disturbed gastrin secretion tests, immunocytochemical examination of the vagotomy
      antrectomy specimen revealed a pyloric microgastrinoma (clinically silent and
      apparently benign) and focal antropyloric gastrinosis. These localised lesions
      represent a new variant of abnormalities affecting the gastrin cells in the
      context of hypersecretory duodenal ulcers.

PMID- 673756
TI  - [The Solanum molacoxylon: from the toxic plant to the therapeutic agent (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The solanum molacoxylon (SM) is a plant which grows in South America, whose
      leaves produce a calcinosis on animal farms. In the aquous extract of the leaves
      a glycoside of 1, 25 (OH)2D3 has been found. The aquous extracts of the leaves of
      SM provokes an increase of intestinal calcium absorption without any
      transformation, because it is active in total nephrectomized animal. If this
      extract is given during a short time the bone resorption is dramatically
      increased, nevertheless if it is given chronically an increase of bone formation
      with an osteosclerosis is observed. This plant increases the plasma and urinary
      calcium and sometimes the plasma phosphorus. In acute administration the urinary
      hydroxyproline increases. A few therapeutic assays were done in humans with
      similar results. These assays suggest that SM could be a natural source of 1,25
      dihydroxycholecalciferol.

PMID- 673757
TI  - [Aponeurotomy without cutaneous abduction through aponeurotome (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Leg aponeurotomy is usually effective without any cutaneous abduction. Then we
      deviced a special tool that enable surgeons to split aponeurosis
      undercutaneously.

PMID- 673758
TI  - ["Double cardia" secondary to peptic esophagitis: endoscopic treatment].

PMID- 673759
TI  - [Erythrocyte and platelet levels of superoxide dismutases (1 and 2) and
      glutathione peroxidase in developmental child psychoses].

PMID- 673760
TI  - [Hypercalcemia induced by dihydroxy-aluminum allantoinate: a further case].

PMID- 673761
TI  - [Progress in permanent "sequential" stimulation].

PMID- 673762
TI  - [A case of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Gd(-) "Seattle" deficiency in an
      Alsatian family].

PMID- 673763
TI  - [Is there such a thing as encephalopathy related to organic compounds of
      silver?].

PMID- 673764
TI  - IgM allergic shock with complement consumption and cross reaction in anesthesia.

PMID- 673765
TI  - [Will the known causes of leukemia be finally recognised?].

PMID- 673766
TI  - [Hyperkinetic syndrome in fulminant pneumopathies].

PMID- 673767
TI  - [Smallpox and anti-smallpox measures in 1978: myths and realities].

PMID- 673768
TI  - [Recurrent thromboembolic disease].

PMID- 673769
TI  - [Aetiological study of aplastic anaemia: analysis of sex, age, profession and
      habitat in 251 patients (author's transl)].
AB  - The sex, age, occupation and residence of 251 patients with aplastic anaemia in
      adults have been analyzed, and compared to those of the french population. The
      following observations have been done: excess of males at each age beyond the
      20th year; excessive frequency after the 50th year; excessive frequency in the
      rural population and the inhabitants of villages and little towns; but no excess
      in the industrial workers. These observations lead to minimize the aetiological
      responsibility of industrial toxics in aplastic anaemia; at the reverse they
      invite to look for a possible responsibility of one or several agents used in the
      rural world.

PMID- 673770
TI  - [Pull-through procedure for carcinoma of the rectum. Results of 65 operations
      (author's transl)].
AB  - These sixty five cases of abdomino-trans anal excision account for approximately
      one third of 210 operations performed for carcinoma of the rectum. In the context
      of curative surgery, indications for preservation of the sphincter must be strict
      in order to permit satisfactory excision inferior to the tumour and to avoid the
      risk of local recurrence. Post-operative care and early complications involve the
      segment of colon which must be brought down. Gangrene of the exteriorised colon
      did not, in general, compromise the definitive result, at the price of an early
      colostomy which could always be closed later. Long term results are encouraging:
      22 patients out of 26 who underwent non-palliative surgery are alive, without
      recurrence, after 5 years. The functional result can be assessed only after 6
      months adaptation. One patient in two considers himself to be normal. The other
      half are forced to used enemas, and one in four must wear a protective dressing.

PMID- 673771
TI  - [Bacteroides fragilis bacteremias: clinical and evolutive features about 33 cases
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The frequency of non soil dwelling anaerobic infections is increasing. The
      authors report 33 cases of Bacteroides fragilis bacteremias, and study the
      responsabilities of different factors of prognosis (especially age and underlying
      conditions). Nitroimidazoles are very active against all Bacteroides fragilis.
      This therapy is the drug of choice for such infections.

PMID- 673772
TI  - [Intra-hepatic gall bladder complicated by post-operative stones in the common
      bile duct. The value of endoscopic sphincterotomy (author's transl)].
AB  - Two cases of migration of stones in the common bile duct following operation of
      cholecystitis secondary to cholelithiasis in an intra-hepatic gall bladder are
      reported. The authors emphasise the difficulties of the operation. When it was
      necessary to limit surgery to external drainage, migration of stones to the
      common duct from the gall bladder left in place is possible. In the two cases
      presented, endoscopic sphincterotomy resulted in the early expulsion of the
      calculi and permanent drainage of the common bile duct, a presumptive guarantee
      against the complications of new migrations.

PMID- 673773
TI  - [Prolonged and reversible encephalopathy in a chronic haemodialysis patient.
      Probable responsibility of aluminium salts (author's transl)].
AB  - A case of encephalopathy with elevation of plasma aluminium level in a patient
      treated by maintenance hemodialysis is reported. Clinical symptoms were made of
      moderate impairment of intellectual functions and of intermittent drowsiness. EEG
      after 3 minutes of hyperpnea evidenced bisynchronous anteriorly dominant
      intermittent delta waves. Plasma aluminium level, determined by atomic absorption
      spectrophotometry, was initially at 300 microgram/l (normal range greater than 40
      microgram/l). After interruption of aluminium gels, clinical and EEG symptoms
      slowly subsided in 9 months, plasma aluminium level came down to 145 microgram/l.
      This picture of encephalopathy could preceede irreversible dialysis dementia in
      chronic dialysis patients.

PMID- 673774
TI  - [Survey of anthracyclines derivatives in haematology (author's transl)].
AB  - Anthracyclines, such as daunorubicin (DNR), rubidazone (RBD) and adriamycin (ADR)
      are intercalating drugs used in cancer chemotherapy. They inhibit synthesis of
      DNA and RNA, break DNA and inhibit mitochondrial oxidative chain. Their
      antitumoral experimental activities depend upon type of drug, tumor and route of
      administration. After i.v. administration, the drug is present in all tissues
      except central nervous system. Its disappearance from the plasma is biphasic with
      a long terminal half life, justifying intermittent chemotherapy. Anthracyclines
      metabolism occurs mainly in liver micrososomes, and 90% metabolites are excreted
      in the bile. The main toxicity is cardiac, as a congestive heart failure which
      appears when a cumulated drug dose is overcome. In man only, a few derivatives
      have been studied, compounds with activity and no cardiotoxicity are still in
      research. Action of malignancies depends on type of derivative. We use DNR since
      1967, it is a remarkable active drug in induction treatment of AML, it is the
      only active drug on acute promyelocytic leukemia, and it increases number of
      remissions in all of adult patients and severe forms of children ALL. Adriamycin
      (ADR) is active on solid tumors (osteosarcoma, breast and thyroid cancers) and
      lymphomas. With rubidazone (RBD) we obtain 2/3 of remissions in acute monoblastic
      leukemia, and it is easier to use than DNR and equally active on AML. RBD is also
      active on severe cases of lymphomas (lymphosarcomas and Hodgkin's disease). A new
      compound DEA 14 DNR seems interesting: experimental antitumor activity is high
      (compared to DNR, RBD and ADR) and it appears to possess activity on solid tumors
      in man.

PMID- 673775
TI  - [Superoxide dismutase 1 and glutathione peroxidase levels in erythrocytes of
      adult schizophrenics].

PMID- 673776
TI  - [Borreliasis: rare etiology of a holiday fever].

PMID- 673777
TI  - [Giant cell tumor of the maxillary sinus as a manifestation of primary
      hyperparathyroidism].

PMID- 673778
TI  - [Bone marrow insufficiency caused by thiamphenicol. 2 Cases].

PMID- 673779
TI  - [Arteriopathy of the lower limbs: value of the exercise test].

PMID- 673780
TI  - [Aspects of rolando-parietal atrophy localized with scanography in degenerative
      pyramidal syndromes].

PMID- 673781
TI  - [Magnetic closure of colostomies and ileostomies].

PMID- 673782
TI  - [The significance of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB in the diagnosis of myocardial
      infarct after coronary surgery].

PMID- 673783
TI  - [Use of dobutamine in massive pulmonary embolism].

PMID- 673784
TI  - [Association of liver disease with adult celiac disease].

PMID- 673785
TI  - [Modifications in serum complement in burn patients].

PMID- 673786
TI  - [Sports for everyone: a fad or a necessity?].

PMID- 673787
TI  - [Physicians, publicity and deontology].

PMID- 673788
TI  - [Current legal issues: the postoperative error].

PMID- 673789
TI  - [The value of computerized tomography in the exploration and surveillance of
      diencephalic tumours (4 cases) (author's transl)].
AB  - Computerized tomography has transformed the protocol of exploration and
      surveillance of diencephalic tumours. It gives information concerning their
      structure, extension and all associated pathology. In addition, the examination
      is non-traumatic for the patient which in most cases makes it possible to avoid
      classical neuroradiological procedures with contrast medium, and may be repeated
      in order to observe the course of these tumours after radiotherapy. Four cases
      are reported to illustrate the different contributions of CT scanning.

PMID- 673790
TI  - [Non resectable colonic cancer. Results from a test of chemotherapy with
      simultaneous prescription of VM26, methyl-CCNU and 5 fluoro-uracile (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Thirty nine patients with non resectable colonic carcinoma entered into a phase
      II combination chemotherapy trial. The patients were treated with a sequential
      cyclic combination of 3 drugs: VM 26 (60 mg/m2), methyl-C.C.N.U. (120 mg/m2) and
      5 fluoro-uracile. Seventeen patients out of 39 (43.6%) are considered as good
      responders. The median survival time of the overall of this group is 12.6 months;
      it is of 15,6 months for good responders and of 7 months for non responders. The
      simultaneous application of B.C.G. do not change neither the level of responses
      nor the median of survival time. The good tolerance of this protocol let us to
      propose this combination as an adjuvant treatment for patients surgically treated
      for a Dukes'C colonic cancer.

PMID- 673791
TI  - [Rectoscopy: a useful tool to diagnose pseudomembranous colitis (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The authors have performed nine rectoscopies in 14 cases of pseudomembranous
      colitis. A rectoscopic appearance enables eight times out of nine to diagnose the
      disease, which asserts itself in all cases by biopsies. Out of the nine cases,
      two had previously undergone an unnecessary laparotomy, and for three cases the
      diagnosis of rectal tumour established on rectal digital examination is twice set
      right by rectoscopic appearance and three times by biopsies. In the remaining
      five cases with mild intestinal symptoms and severe associated disease the
      diagnosis was only made with autopsies. A systematic rectoscopy with biopsies is
      indicated in all patients treated with antibiotics who present an unexplained
      diarrhea, collapsus or acute abdominal syndrom.

PMID- 673792
TI  - [What is "scanography"].

PMID- 673793
TI  - [Manganese blood level in chronically hemodialysed patients].

PMID- 673794
TI  - [Hypophyseal adenoma with hypersecreting FSH].

PMID- 673795
TI  - [Anxiety in the course of autoendoscopy].

PMID- 673796
TI  - [Filtrability of preserved blood].

PMID- 673797
TI  - [Refractory anemia with partial myeloblastosis associated with bronchial cancer].

PMID- 673798
TI  - [Coexistence of sclerosing cholangitis and chronic pancreatitis].

PMID- 673799
TI  - [Eosinophilic granuloma of the skull. Study by electron microscopy (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 673800
TI  - [Hyaline membrane disease: early diagnosis by determination of
      lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio in the gastric fluid of the newborn].

PMID- 673801
TI  - ["Anti N" antibodies in an MN subject not on dialysis].

PMID- 673802
TI  - [Nocturnal paroxysmal haemoglobinuria with Budd-Chiari's syndrome (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 673803
TI  - [Pluriparameter study of prognosis in diseases and new "clinical forms"].

PMID- 673804
TI  - [Pharmacological profile of the main psychotropic drugs: place of nomifensine
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Numerous methods of experimental psychopharmacology can be used. They help to
      draw up the profile of a  new drug and then to compare this profile to those of
      the main reference drugs. This predictive psychopharmacology gives good results
      when the new substances is closing resembling already existing substances, but is
      more difficult with new substances. The most used tests are presented and more
      precisely those which are particularly used for antidepressants study. The
      profile of nomifensine ressembles that of the classical antidepressants but has
      two clear different characteristics: presence of a stimulant component and lack
      of anticholinergic activity.

PMID- 673805
TI  - [Predictive studies in psychopharmacology (author's transl)].
AB  - Once the efficacy of a drug has been proven (by controlled trials), it may be
      interesting to define "responder" and "non-responder" profiles. This can be done
      with a non-comparative prediction trial in which initial (pre-treatment)
      characteristics of subjects with good or poor result are compared, or with a
      randomized trial in which one attempts to define initial features of favorable or
      unfavorable cases, which could lead later to a better choice for a future given
      patient between these therapies (and only these ones) given in similar
      conditions. Predictor variables can be: demographic, physiologic, nosologic,
      symptomatic. Statistical methods can be: simple comparison of responses between
      sub-classes according to one initial feature, or multivariate techniques
      particularly discriminant analysis (when results are expressed in a dichotomic
      way), multiple regression (when responses are graded, as with an improvement
      score). Validation of results of such trials can be done by checking their
      predictive value on subjects independant of those from which prediction
      algorithms have been set up.

PMID- 673806
TI  - [Prediction test of nomifensine prescription from symptomatic pre-therapeutic
      status (author's transl)].
AB  - Heighty two outpatients, suffering from reactive or neurotic depression have been
      treated with a daily 100 mg dose of nomifensine. The symptomatic status before
      treatment was appreciated by a self-rating scale, the Hopkins Symptoms Check List
      (HSCL). At the end of the study, the patient again filled out this same rating
      scale, and also a seven-score amelioration questionnaire. The investigator filled
      out this same questionnaire and a fourscore global impression scale. We tried to
      find out if by appreciating initial symptoms with the HSCL, it was possible to
      predict which patients would be responders to the treatment. The only highly
      significant result was obtained with a discriminant analysis, which combines 22
      items of the pre-therapeutic HSCL and with which it is possible to predict the
      amelioration measured by the difference between the total pre- and post
      therapeutic HSCL notations. The authors point out to the interest of this method
      in psychopharmacology.

PMID- 673807
TI  - [Methodology of a cooperative study of response predictors in ambulatory
      depressive syndrome treated with nomifensine].
AB  - A multicentric therapeutic survey on ambulatory depressive patients has been
      designed so as to get data allowing response-prediction. The protocol included:-
      selection of non psychotic ambulatory depressive patients--one month's treatment
      with nomifensine--collection of data consisting mainly in a series of visual
      analogue scales, scored by a phisician and given in several random orders to
      avoid error of proximity. Data treatment indluded:--a step of checking and
      codification--the study of relations between global appraisal and characteristics
      of subjects--the study of initial profile of responders and non-responders, using
      discriminant analysis and correspondance factorial analysis.

PMID- 673808
TI  - [Cardiopulmonary manifestations of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Studies to detect the presence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection were undertaken
      in departments of pulmonary medicine, respiratory intensive care, cardiology,
      between 1973 and 1977. The diagnosis was based upon the complement deviation
      reaction, with the exclusion or other serological or culture methods. In addition
      to acute benign pleuropneumonia, 9 cases of severe pulmonary forms were seen: in
      4, acute decompensation in the presence of pre-existence chronic insufficiency,
      and in the other 5 a radiological picture of acute bilateral bronchopneumonia
      with dyspnoea. Two patients died in a clinical context of progressive coma. Five
      cardiac forms with a favourable course were diagnosed: one case of acute
      myocarditis and 4 of acute pericarditis.

PMID- 673809
TI  - [Malignant hyperthermia of effort or "heat stroke" (author's transl)].
AB  - Heat stroke following effort is not confined to hot regions. The authors have
      seen five cases in the Paris region between 1967 and 1974. It particularly
      affects young subjects, in pour training or living away from home. Clinically
      very similar to anaesthetic malignant hyperthermia, it has the same gravity, with
      a high mortality rate. It may be characterised by the triad: coma, muscular
      hypertonicity and hyperthermia of over 40 degrees C. Refrigeration, sedation and
      rehydration are all the more effective when started early. Improved knowledge of
      malignant hyperthermia of effort, within the more confused context of heat
      stroke, will ensure that it is recognised more frequently, limit its consequences
      and lead to better understanding of its underlying cause, the origin of which is
      undoubtedly muscular.

PMID- 673810
TI  - [The surgical treatment of rupture of the rectus femoris muscle in the sportsman
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Ruptures of the middle and lower part of the rectus femoris muscle are seen
      essentially in the footballer during a shoot at goal. Often unrecognised
      initially, they warrant surgical treatment in the sportsman. The anatomical
      appearances of these complete or partial ruptures are described. The authors
      propose a new technique of reinsertion, relying upon the posterior aponeurotic
      layer, using non-absorbable sutures. Results were satisfactory in 10 cases out of
      11.

PMID- 673811
TI  - [Inefficiency of high doses of urokinase in a massive pulmonary embolism.
      Possible role of an oral contraceptive].

PMID- 673812
TI  - [Association of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy and Gougerot-Sjogren
      syndrome].

PMID- 673813
TI  - [Severe complications of amniocentesis: coagulopathy, parietal and sub-peritoneal
      haematoma in the mother. Intrauterine foetal death].

PMID- 673815
TI  - [Manganese blood levels].

PMID- 673814
TI  - [False aneurysm of the external iliac artery complicating an arthroplasty of the
      hip after an interval of four years].

PMID- 673816
TI  - [Severe acute thrombosis induced by high dosage of estrogen therapy].

PMID- 673817
TI  - [Elevation of glutamic-pyruvic transaminases under procetofene treatment of
      idiopathic hyperlipemia: incidence and significance in 443 treated cases].

PMID- 673818
TI  - [Asthma or asthmatiform dyspnea: a linguistic abuse].

PMID- 673819
TI  - [Preliminary trial of a benzodiazepine in epileptology].

PMID- 673820
TI  - [Apropos of radiological examinations in young women].

PMID- 673821
TI  - [Tolerance of the kidney to clamping of its artery].

PMID- 673822
TI  - [Rhabdomyolysis during toxic coma with disorders of hemostasis].

PMID- 673823
TI  - [Radioisotope transverse axial tomography].

PMID- 673824
TI  - [Hypovolemic thirst and oral treatment of infant cholera].

PMID- 673825
TI  - [Comparative value of precordial cartography and conventional electrocardiogram].

PMID- 673826
TI  - [Antilymphocyte serum in the treatment of aplastic myelopathies].

PMID- 673827
TI  - [C3, C4, factor B components in septic states].

PMID- 673828
TI  - [Mo66, a new allele of the HLA-B locus. Preliminary note (author's transl)].
AB  - Mo66 is an allele of the HLA-B locus, which is demonstrated by HLA typing of 2
      000 unrealted individuals and the members of eight informative families. Mo66 is
      a rare antigen, with a frequency of 0.65 % in the Languedocian population. Mo66
      shows a strong association desequilibrium with HLA-A3. The identification of Mo66
      is difficult, without a monospecific serum, because this antigen is united by
      cross-reactions above all with HLA-B13, but also with HLA-Bw40, HLA-B27, HLA-B12
      and HLA-B7. The presence of an anti-Mo66 antibody in some apparently anti-HLA-B27
      monospecific sera can provoke some errors in the diagnosis of ankylosing
      spondylitis and related diseases.

PMID- 673829
TI  - [Histological lesions of the bone marrow in medullary aplasia. Results of a
      common protocol on 261 biopsies].
AB  - In a cooperative study on bone marrow aplasia, 261 bone marrow biopsies have been
      examined in triple blind. 13 cases were excluded for technical defect, and 37
      cases (17%) excluded for erroneous diagnosis (myelofibrosis or leukemia). It
      remains 176 first biopsies and 35 second biopsies (10th or 20th month). A
      quantitative depletion of the marrow was observed in 87% of the cases, but in 13
      a rich marrow gave way to discuss the morphological definition of marrow aplasia.
      Framework lesions (reticulin, vessels, bone) and cytologic modifications
      (histiocytic or plasmocytic infiltrations) have been appreciated, and their
      importance in the induction of aplasia and in the prognosis is emphasized.
      Comparison between first and second biopsy has shown a repletion of the marrow in
      two third of the cases, the early unfavourable character of reticulinic lesions,
      and the favourable signification of plasmocytosis. A more complete comparison
      between marrow histology and other parameters of the study will improve the
      knowledge of physiopathology and prognosis of marrow aplasia.

PMID- 673830
TI  - [Polysulfates, anionic detergents, sodium phosphotungstate and electrophoretic
      mobility of plasmatic proteins].
AB  - Anions with strong electro-negative charges, like sulphuric esters of
      polysaccharides (heparin, dextran sulphate M.W. 15 00), the sodium salt of
      polyanethol sulfonic acid (liquoid, Roche), anionic detergents (sodium
      dodecylsulphate, sodium oleate, sodium deoxycholate), and the sodium salt of
      phosphotungstic acid were added to human serum or citrated plasma. For each
      compound several final concentrations were adopted, the highest being 4%. By
      using microimmunoelectrophoresis and numerous specific antisera against human
      plasma proteins, it was demonstrated that at pH 8.60 anions increase
      electrophoretic mobility of the following antigens: lipoproteins alpha and beta;
      fibrinogen; beta 2-glycoprotein I; beta 2-glycoprotein II ; antithrombin III. All
      reagents utilized do not react with all these proteins; for instance, only
      detergents accelerate the migration rate of a lipoproteins. Besides, depending on
      the protein, this or that reagent may be the most active. Thus, in the
      polysulphate group, heparin has the highest affinity for antithrombin III,
      liquoid for fibrinogen and dextran sulphate for beta 2-glycoprotein I.

PMID- 673831
TI  - Conversion of benezene to toluene by methyl donors in man.
AB  - The level of benzene in blood can be efficiently reduced by the concurrent
      administration of two groups of organic compounds: (1) methyl donors, such as
      choline, betaine and methionine; (2) SH-amino-acids such as cysteine and
      methionine. Methionine belongs to both categories of anti-benzene compounds in 
      man. The appearance of toluene was demonstrated after the ingestion of choline
      and betaine followed by the ingestion of a unique dose of pure benzene (free from
      toluene).

PMID- 673832
TI  - [Peroxidase deficiency in neutrophils in systemic mastocytosis (author's
      transl)].
AB  - A case associating a systemic mastocytosis and an acquired myeloperoxidase
      deficiency is reported. The myeloperoxydase deficiency is studied by cytochemical
      techniques in optical and electron microscopy and confirmed by biochemical
      measures. An important defect in bactericidal and candidacidal activity is
      demonstrated in vitro in P.N.M. The authors discuss the links between the two
      anomalies which might bring one more argument for the common origin of both
      granulocytes and mastocytes.

PMID- 673833
TI  - [Anemia with hypersideroblastosis during anti-tuberculosis therapy. Cure with
      vitamin therapy].
AB  - The unusual occurrence of microcytic anemia with hypochromia, high iron blood
      levels and excess of sideroblasts in the bone marrow, observed during the
      treatment of tuberculosis with isoniazid and rifampicine is reported. Three
      particularities were noted. First, in our experience, the occurrence of this type
      of anemia has never been noted previously as a result of these two drugs.
      Secondly, the improvement of the blood abnormalities was obtained by the combined
      use of vitamin B6 and vitamin C. Thirdly, the anemia was associated with
      neuropathy, characterized by areflexia and dysesthesia, which improved with
      vitamin B6 therapy (but not with vitamin C). Some mechanisms are discussed as
      being possibly the origin of this kind of anemia, particularly  a lack of vitamin
      B6 resulting from a massive urinary loss of pyridoxal induced by isoniazid as
      well as both a tissue depletion and an overconsumption of this vitamin. The
      anemia may be the consequence of a deficiency of hemoglobin synthesis involving
      probably the first step of the biosynthesis of heme.

PMID- 673834
TI  - A restriction enzyme Tha I from the thermophilic mycoplasma Thermoplasma
      acidophilum.
AB  - A type II restriction enzyme (Tha I) has been isolated from the thermophilic
      mycoplasma Thermoplasma acidophilum. A new method of general application was used
      to determine the DNA sequence cleaved by the enzyme. Tha I cuts DNA in the centre
      of the sequence CGCG. Single-stranded DNA is not a substrate. Tha I does not cut
      T. acidophilum DNA which is presumably modified. This is the first description of
      a restriction enzyme from a mycoplasma. Because Tha I is easily prepared in large
      amounts of approximately 10(5) units per gram of cells, it will be a valuable
      addition to the battery of restriction enzymes used in studies of DNA sequences.
      It is active at high temperatures and may therefore be useful for special
      purposes requiring more extreme conditions.

PMID- 673835
TI  - Mapping of the ribosomal RNA genes on spinach chloroplast DNA.
AB  - Spinach chloroplast ribosomal RNAs have been hybridized to restriction
      endonuclease fragments of spinach chloroplast DNA. All three RNA species (23S,
      16S and 5S) hybridized to a single large fragment when the DNA was digested with
      either Sall or Pstl. Hybridization of 23S RNA to fragments produced by Smal
      yielded two radioactive bands which corresponded to the bi-molar 2.5 X 10(6) and
      1.15 X 10(6) Mr fragments. 16S RNA also hybridized to two, bi-molar Smal
      fragments (3.4 X 10(6) and 2.5 X 10(6) Mr) and 5S RNA hybridized to the 1.15 X
      10(6) Mr bi-molar Smal fragment. The 23S RNA and 16S RNA cistrons were each also
      shown to contain a single EcoRI site. From the data it was possible to conclude
      that the ribosomal RNA genes are located on the inverted repeat region of the
      spinach chloroplast DNA restriction map [1,2], that the sequence of the cistrons
      is 16S - 23S - 5S and that the size of the spacer between the 16S and 23S RNA
      cistrons is approximately 0.90 X 10(6) Mr.

PMID- 673836
TI  - Evidence for the existence of a coat protein messenger RNA associated with the
      top component of each of three tymoviruses.
AB  - On centrifugation in a CsCl density gradient the three tymoviruses, eggplant
      mosaic, wild cucumber mosaic, and okra mosaic, separate into a major bottom
      component and several less dense minor components. The RNA of the top component
      is composed of about 90% tRNA and 10% of an approximately 250 000 dalton
      messenger RNA. The latter induced the synthesis of coat protein when translated
      in wheat-germ and rabbit-reticulocyte cell-free systems.

PMID- 673837
TI  - DNA associated with hyperacetylated histone is preferentially digested by DNase
      I.
AB  - Butyrate-treated cells give rise to massive hyperacetylation of histones and have
      been used to test the idea that regions of DNA in association with
      hyperacetylated histones are preferentially solubilized upon digestion with DNase
      I. Such hyperacetylated histones can be derived from both pre-existing histones
      or from histone newly synthesized in the presence of butyrate which leads to
      extreme modification. The DNA in association with both types of hypermodified
      histone is equally and selectively digested.

PMID- 673838
TI  - Polynucleotides. LII. Synthesis and properties of poly(2'-deoxy-2'-fluoroadenylic
      acid).
AB  - 2'-Deoxy-2'-fluoroadenosine was chemically transformed to its 5'-diphosphate and
      polymerized with polynucleotide phosphorylase to give poly(2'-deoxy-2'
      fluoroadenylic acid) [poly(Af)]. Polymerization proceeded smoothly as in the case
      of poly(A) and the yield of the polymerization was 55%. The UV absorption spectra
      of poly(Af) closely resembled those of poly(A) and the hypochromicity was 32% at
      pH 7.0. The CD profile at 25 degrees and neutrality showed similar pattern to
      that of other poly(2'-deoxy-2'-halogenoadenylic acids) with somewhat larger
      [theta] values both in the positive and negative maxima. Acid titration of
      poly(Af) showed a transition point at pH 5.2 and the Tm of the acid form was 37
      degrees which was significantly lower than that of poly(A), but similar to that
      of poly(2'-azido-2'-deoxyadenylic acid). Poly(Af) formed 1:1 and 1:2 complexes
      with poly-(U) having Tm of 49 degrees and 62 degrees at 0.04M and 0.15M Na(+)
      concentration, respectively. Poly(Af) also formed a 1:2 complex with poly(I) and
      its Tm was 36 degrees at 0.05M Na(+) concentration. These data showed that
      poly(Af) has rather similar properties to those of poly(A), but not to poly(dA).

PMID- 673839
TI  - The chemical synthesis of the anticodon loop of an eukaryotic initiator tRNA
      containing the hypermodified nucleoside N6-/N-threonylcarbonyl/-adenosine/t6A/1.
AB  - In this work, the first example of chemical synthesis of oligoribonucleotide
      containing the hypermodified nucleoside N6-/N-threonylcarbonyl/-adenosine /t6A/
      is presented. Synthesis of the heptamer C-C-C-A-U-t6A-A IX, the sequence of which
      is related to the anticodon loop of the initiator tRNA from yellow lupine, was
      achieved by: /i/ phosphotriester block synthesis of suitably protected heptamer
      VI containing an adenosine unit with a free exo-NH2 group, /ii/ highly effective
      "one-flask" procedure for the transformation of the free exo-NH2 group of
      adenosine unit of heptamer VI into a N,N'-disubstituted urea system of t6A of
      heptamer VII /hypermodification/, and /iii/ final deprotection of VIII /32% total
      yield/ with the use of a new approach for simultaneous hydrogenolysis /PdO
      hydrogen-pyridine/ of the p-nitrobenzyl group and 2,2,2-trichloroethyl groups
      from carboxyl function of t6A and internucleotide phosphates respectively.

PMID- 673840
TI  - Effect of 2',3'-dideoxythymidine-5'-triphosphate on HeLa cell in vitro DNA
      synthesis: evidence that DNA polymerase alpha is the only polymerase required for
      cellular DNA replication.
AB  - We have studied the effects of the nucleotide analogue, 2',3'-dideoxythymidine-5'
      triphosphate (ddTTP) on replicative DNA synthesis in HeLa cell lysates. As
      previously demonstrated (1), such lysates carry out extensive DNA synthesis in
      vitro, at rates and in a fashion similar to in vivo DNA replication. We report
      here that all aspects of DNA synthesis in such lysates (total dNTP incorporation,
      elongation of continuous nascent strands, and the initiation, elongation, and
      joining of Okazaki pieces) are only slightly inhibited by concentrations of ddTTP
      as high as 100-500 micrometer when the dTTP concentration is maintained at 10
      micrometer. This finding is consistent with the report by Edenberg, Anderson, and
      DePamphilis (2) that all aspects of replicative in vitro simian virus 40 DNA
      synthesis are also resistant to ddTTP. We also find, in agreement with Edenberg,
      Anderson, and DePamphilis (2), that DNA synthesis catalyzed by DNA polymerases
      beta or gamma is easily inhibited by ddTTP, while synthesis catalyzed by DNA
      polymerase alpha is very resistant. These observations suggest that DNA
      polymerase alpha may be the only DNA polymerase required for all aspects of
      cellular DNA synthesis.

PMID- 673841
TI  - Binding of tRNA nucleotidyltransferase to Affi-Gel Blue: rapid purification of
      the enzyme and binding studies.
AB  - Rabbit liver tRNA nucleotidyldransferase bound to columns of Affi-Gel Blue and
      could be specifically eluted with tRNA. This observation led to development of a
      rapid purification procedure for the enzyme. The adsorbent was also used to
      assess interaction of tRNA nucleotidyltransferase with various polynucleotides
      and substrates. The enzyme could be efficiently desorbed from Affi-Gel Blue by
      low concentrations of tRNA-C-C, less well by tRNA-C-C-A, and not at all by
      poly(A), poly(C), ATP or CTP.

PMID- 673842
TI  - Base pairing structure in the poly d(G-T) double helix: wobble base pairs.
AB  - High resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and ethidium bromide binding
      studies are used to demonstrate that poly d(G-T) forms an ordered double helical
      structure at low temperatures (below 24 degrees C in 0.3 M NaCl) in which G and T
      are hydrogen bonded together in a wobble base pair hydrogen bonding scheme as
      proposed earlier by Lezius and Domin. Alternative hydrogen bonding schemes
      involving the tautomeric form of either T or G, such as have been proposed to
      account for mutation rates in DNA synthesis, are eliminated.

PMID- 673843
TI  - A simple method for the computation of first neighbour frequencies of DNAs from
      CD spectra.
AB  - A procedure for the computation of the first neighbour frequencies of DNA's is
      presented. This procedure is based on the first neighbour approximation of Gray
      and Tinoco. We show that the knowledge of all the ten elementary CD signals
      attached to the ten double stranded first neighbour configurations is not
      necessary. One can obtain the ten frequencies of an unknown DNA with the use of
      eight elementary CD signals corresponding to eight linearly independent polymer
      sequences. These signals can be extracted very simply from any eight or more CD
      spectra of double stranded DNA's of known frequencies. The ten frequencies of a
      DNA are obtained by least square fit of its CD spectrum with these elementary
      signals. One advantage of this procedure is that it does not necessitate linear
      programming, it can be used with CD data digitalized using a large number of
      wavelengths, thus permitting an accurate resolution of the CD spectra. Under
      favorable case, the ten frequencies of a DNA (not used as input data) can be
      determined with an average absolute error < 2%. We have also observed that
      certain satellite DNA's, those of Drosophila virilis and Callinectes sapidus have
      CD spectra compatible with those of DNA's of quasi random sequence; these
      satellite DNA's should adopt also the B-form in solution.

PMID- 673844
TI  - Assay of DNA-RNA hybrids by S1 nuclease digestion and adsorption to DEAE
      cellulose filters.
AB  - A fast and accurate assay procedure for DNA-RNA hybrids is described in which
      exhaustive digestion of unhybridized DNA with S1 nuclease is followed by binding
      of hybrids to filter discs of DEAE-cellulose. The digested DNA can be efficiently
      washed from the filters so that background levels of 0.1-0.2% of input tracer DNA
      can be achieved, in contrast to the much higher (approximately 1-5%) backgrounds
      obtained using TCA precipitation procedures. Short duplexes, as small as 36
      nucleotides in length, which are inefficiently bound to hydroxyapatite, are
      quantitatively bound to the DEAE-cellulose filters.

PMID- 673845
TI  - Repair replication in replicating and non-replicating DNA after irradiation with
      UV light.
AB  - Ultraviolet light induces more pyrimidine dimers and more repair replication in
      DNA that replicates within 2 to 3 hr of irradiation than in DNA that does not
      replicate during this period. This difference may be due to special
      conformational changes in DNA and chromatin that might be associated with
      semiconservative DNA replication.

PMID- 673846
TI  - The relationship between the activities of different pools of RNA polymerases I
      and II during PHA-stimulation of human lymphocytes.
AB  - Following PHA-stimulation of lymphocytes in culture, it is known that nuclear RNA
      synthesis and the amount of extractable RNA polymerase activity rise in these
      cells. The relationship between these two phenomena has been examined. Using an
      in vitro assay system which discriminates between polymerase activity which is
      "engaged" in nuclear RNA synthesis and a pool of "free" enzyme, the data suggest
      that the factors regulating the interaction between these two pools of enzyme
      activity are different for forms I and II RNA polymerases.

PMID- 673847
TI  - The reactions of mercurated pyrimidine nucleotides with thiols and with hydrogen
      sulfide.
AB  - In the presence of thiols, 5-mercuripyrimidine nucleotides are quantitatively
      converted to 5-thiomercuri derivatives, but these compounds are unstable and
      decompose at a rate dependent on the nature of the thiol. The decomposition
      involves three different reactions and proceeds via a symmetrical mercury
      derivative of the nucleotide. The end product is the unmodified nucleotide.
      Similar reactions occur in the presence of hydrogen sulfide. Since mercurated
      nucleoside triphosphates are substrates for RNA- and DNA polymerase only in the
      form of thiomercuri derivatives, this implies that when DNA is replicated or
      transcribed in vitro with a mercurated substrate, the latter is rapidly
      demercurated to the unmodified substrate which is incorporated as well. Hence the
      product of the in vitro synthesis can only be partially mercurated in any one
      pyrimidine. Also, formation of cross-links in the resulting polymer is possible.

PMID- 673848
TI  - DNA-methylase from regenerating rat liver: purification and characterisation.
AB  - DNA methylase has been purified 660-fold from nuclei from regenerating rat liver.
      The enzyme is able to methylate single stranded (ss) and double stranded (ds)
      DNA, the only reaction product being 5-methylcytosine. Previously unmethylated
      double stranded DNA from prokaryotes (M.luteus) as well as from eukaryotes
      (Ascaris suis) can serve as substrates. The synthetic copolymers (dG-dC)n . (dC
      dG)n and (dG,dC)n are also methylated. While SV40 DNA is almost not methylated,
      PM2 DNA is a good substrate even in the supercoiled form. The enzyme methylates 1
      in 17 bases in heterologous M.luteus DNA, but only 1 in 590 in homologous rat
      liver DNA. The high methylation level of M.luteus DNA, an analysis of the
      methylated pyrimidine isostichs and a preliminary dinucleotide analysis suggest
      that all the CpGs in a DNA can be methylated.

PMID- 673849
TI  - DNA polymerases alpha beta and gamma in inherited diseases affecting DNA repair.
AB  - Fibroblasts derived from patients with diseases affecting DNA repair processes,
      such as Xeroderma Pigmentosum (classical and variant), Fanconi's anemia, Bloom's
      syndrome, Ataxia Telangiectasica, Progeria and Werner's syndrome, were assayed
      for the three DNA polymerases. The specific activities of these enzymes were
      found within the limits observed in normal human fibroblasts. Also the
      sedimentation properties of the three polymerases were unaltered.

PMID- 673850
TI  - The inhibition of mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma from animal cells by
      intercalating drugs.
AB  - DNA polymerase gamma from purified nuclei of EMT-6 cells (mice) seems to be
      identical to the mitochondrial DNA polymerase from the same source following
      several criteria. These two enzyme activities are strongly inhibited by ethidium
      bromide and acriflavin, while proflavin, acridine orange, daunomycin and
      chloroquine inhibition is less pronounced. In the case of DNA polymerases alpha
      and beta very little inhibition by ethidium bromide was observed. Intercalation
      of this dye in a poly dA-dT 12-18 template-primer was studied
      spectrophotometrically under conditions similar to those in the in vitro DNA
      polymerase assay. The polymerase assay. The inhibition by this drug of the
      mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma activity was shown to be competitive at
      varying concentrations of TTP while the inhibition was of the non-competitive
      type at different concentrations of poly dA-dT 12-18. We conclude that the drug,
      most probably in the intercalated form, is able to interact with the active site
      (s) of mitochondrial DNA polymerase.

PMID- 673851
TI  - Preparation and isolation of covalently closed circular rDNA molecules from DNA
      of Xenopus laevis.
AB  - We describe a method leading to the formation of closed circles of rDNA starting
      from total DNA of Xenopus laevis. Linear DNA molecules were digested with
      exonuclease 3 and self-annealed. Open circles were enriched and covalently closed
      by the simultaneous use of polynucleotide kinase, DNA polymerase and
      polynucleotide ligase. Closed circles of rDNA1 were shown to be alkali-resistant,
      to have higher density than linear molecules in cesium chloride density gradients
      containing ethydium bromide, and to have the sedimentation constant expected for
      a single repeat unit of rDNA comprehensive of its spacer.

PMID- 673852
TI  - Biospecific fractionation matrices for sequence specific endonucleases.
AB  - Fractionation of several type II specific restriction endonucleases was achieved
      by separation on two novel biospecific matrices. The matrices are pyran, a
      copolymer of divinyl ether of maleic anhydride, and Cibacron Blue F3GA, a blue
      dye commonly used for the calibration of molecular sieves. Both compounds are
      insolubilized by coupling to sepharose through a cyanogen bromide linkage and in
      their soluble form inhibit the restriction endonucleases which we have tested.
      These affinity matrices can be used to obtain restriction endonucleases from
      crude extracts after removal of nucleic acids. They have also proven to have a
      high capacity when used as subsequent steps in enzyme purification. Their
      additional advantage is the rapid development time and reusability of columns
      packed with the two matrices.Images

PMID- 673853
TI  - Alteration in nucleosome structure induced by thermal denaturation.
AB  - Mononucleosomes prepared from goose erythrocyte nuclei exhibited limited
      heterogeneity with respect to number of electrophoretic components, histones and
      DNA composition. The components differ slightly in ionic strength induced self
      association. Thermal denaturation of each component gave only two dominant,
      highly cooperative, melting transitions, T" and T"'. Urea and trypsin were used
      to establish the differential lability of these two transitions. Comparison of
      the morphologies of the mononucleosomes at various stages throughout the melting
      profile indicated that the 13.3 +/- 1.5 nm diameter mononucleosomes start to
      disrupt only in the latter half of transition T" and do not unfold until after
      reaching T"'. The resultant, open ended (17.4 +/- 2.2 nm diameter) toroids are
      still largely negatively staining and much more uniform in shape if fixed
      simultaneously with gluteraldehyde.

PMID- 673854
TI  - Nucleotide sequence at the 5' end of ovalbumin messenger RNA from chicken.
AB  - DNA-sequence analysis of 300 nucleotides from the region of cloned, double
      stranded ovalbumin cDNA corresponding to the 5' end of ovalbumin messenger RNA
      was accomplished using the technique of Maxam and Gilbert (Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci.
      USA (1977) 74,560-564). The AUG initiation codon was located 52 nucleotides from
      the AT linkers used in cloning and immediately adjacent to the amino terminal
      peptide of ovalbumin, indicating the absence of a "signal peptide" in this
      protein. The nucleotide sequence coding for a phosphorylated peptide from
      ovalbumin was also found. These results demonstrate that the coding portion of
      mRNAov begins near the 5' end of the molecule leaving some 600 nucleotides of
      noncoding information at the 3' end.

PMID- 673855
TI  - Simplified methods for large scale enzymatic synthesis of oligoribonucleotides.
AB  - We report simplified methods for large scale enzymatic synthesis of
      oligoribonucleotides using polynucleotide phosphorylase. The main features of the
      method are use of RPC-5 chromatography, including chromatography at two pH values
      to deal with the problem of primer phosphorolysis, rapid dialysis for large scale
      desalting, simplified methods for enzyme removal, and high resolution 1H and 31P
      NMR for product identification and demonstration of purity. The capacity of the
      method is adequate to allow beginning with grams of material in the first
      polymerization step, so that product yields of several milligrams, sufficient for
      many physical studies, are possible after as many as three separate
      polymerization reactions.

PMID- 673856
TI  - A method for the recovery of DNA from agarose gels.
AB  - We describe a quick and versatile method for the isolation of DNA from agarose
      gels. The DNA is electrophoresed into a trough containing hydroxyapatite, where
      it is bound. The hydroxyapatite is taken out and the DNA eluted with phosphate
      buffer. By putting the hydroxyapatite on a small column of Sephadex G50, elution
      and subsequent removal of phosphate can be performed in one step. The DNA
      recovered can be used equally well in enzymatic incubations as DNA not purified
      through agarose gel electrophoresis. Several applications of this technique are
      described.

PMID- 673857
TI  - A general method for the purification of restriction enzymes.
AB  - An abbreviated procedure has been developed for the purification of restriction
      endonucleases. This procedure uses chromatography on phosphocellulose and
      hydroxylapatite and results in enzymes of sufficient purity to permit their use
      in the sequencing, molecular cloning, and physical mapping of DNA.

PMID- 673858
TI  - RNA methylation in vaccinia virus-infected chick embryo fibroblasts treated with
      homologous interferon.
AB  - Interferon-pretreatment of vaccinia-infected chick embryo fibroblasts resulted in
      a greater than 50% decrease in ribose methylation of the penultimate "cap"
      nucleotide in virus-specific mRNA. However, in contrast to results obtained with
      cell-free systems, in intact infected cells there was (a) no detectable reduction
      in methylation of the 5'-ultimate m7G of viral mRNA; (b) a virus specificity of
      the interferon-induced change in mRNA "CAP"-methylation seems unlikely and (c)
      analysis of the ribosomal and transfer RNA fractions isolated from interferon
      treated and control cells revealed identical patterns of methylated nucleotides.
      Thus, the interferon-induced change in methylation is specific for mRNA "CAPS".

PMID- 673859
TI  - Analysis of terminal structures of RNA from potato virus X.
AB  - The 5'-end structure of potato virus X RNA was determined following enzymatic
      methylation in vitro. A single 3H-methyl group was introduced into the 2'
      position of the 5'-penultimate residue and the end structure was determined as
      m7GpppG(m)pAp(Xp)3G. This part of the RNA apparently is involved in binding to
      ribosomes since it can be partially protected against RNase digestion by wheat
      germ 40S ribosomes. PVX RNA was not retained by poly(U)-sepharose, indicating
      that it does not contain a 3'-terminal poly(A) tract.

PMID- 673860
TI  - Theoretical melting profiles and denaturation maps of DNA with known sequence:
      fdDNA.
AB  - Differential melting profiles and denaturation maps are calculated for fdDNA
      whose sequence of nucleotides has been determined recently. The melting profiles
      for the total DNA and a number of its restriction fragments are compared with
      experimental data taken from literature. The comparison enables one to correlate
      a number of peaks on experimental melting profiles with the melting out of
      concrete regions of the nucleotide sequence. For three fragments very strong end
      effects are demonstrated on both theoretical and experimental profiles. These
      anomalous end effects are shown to be connected with a region highly enriched
      with AT-pairs. A possible influence of the heterogeneity of stacking interaction
      on the results obtained is discussed in detail.

PMID- 673861
TI  - Measurement of the differential melting profile of a promoter-containing fragment
      of T7 DNA by means of a microspectrophotometer.
AB  - A double-beam microspectrophotometer with a 5 microliter cell has been used to
      study denaturation of DNA in an aqueous solution. This instrument enables
      measurement of high-resolution differential melting profiles simultaneously at
      several wavelengths with 0.5 to 1 microgram of DNA. Therefore it becomes possible
      to study nucleic acids which are difficult to obtain in large amounts. The
      techniques have been employed to measure the differential melting profiles of T7
      DNA and of a fragment of this DNA 1000 base pairs long which contains the four
      early promoters.

PMID- 673862
TI  - Synthesis of DNA in permeabilized cells of Kluyveromyces lactis.
AB  - Kluyveromyces lactis cells permeabilized with nystatin, though no longer viable,
      were able to incorporate 3H-dATP into DNA. Maximum rate of synthesis was obtained
      when all four deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates were present. For prolonged
      incorporation of 3H-dATP into DNA rATP or phosphoenolpyruvate were of absolute
      requirement. DNA synthesis was inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzoate, N
      ethylmaleimide, nalidixate, ethidium bromide and distamycin A. The density of DNA
      synthesized in permeabilized cells grown on non-fermentable and fermentable
      carbon sources was analyzed on CsCl gradients in the presence or absence of
      distamycin A. The DNA synthesized by permeabilized cells previously grown on
      glycerol was essentially mitochondrial DNA; nuclear DNA (30% of total) was also
      synthesized by cells previously grown on glucose.

PMID- 673863
TI  - Synthesis, DNA-binding and biological activity of a double intercalating analog
      of ethidium bromide.
AB  - A bis-phenanthridinium salt has been synthesized and its DNA-binding studied.
      Evidence provided by UV and CD spectra, by thermal denaturation profiles and by
      equilibrium dialysis of the drug-DNA complex lead to the conclusion that both
      phenanthridine moieties intercalate in the helix. The double intercalator appears
      to be less potent than ethidium chloride as an inhibitor of nucleic acid
      synthesis in cultured L1210 cells, though it is more potent than a monomeric
      analog. The low potency may be due to a low cell influx rate.

PMID- 673864
TI  - On the flexibility of the boundaries between the A-form and B-form sections in
      DNA molecule.
AB  - The degree of orientation of DNA in a flow has been studied within the interval
      of the B - A transition induced by ethanol. The orientation of the B DNA (60-65%
      ethanol, v/v) and that of the A DNA (80-82% ethanol) are nearly identical. This
      means that both conformations have similar persistence lengths and that there is
      no aggregation in the course of formation of the A form. Within the transition
      range (65-78% ethanol) the orientation attains a sharp minimum which coincides
      with the half-transition point (73% ethanol). The cooperative character of the B 
      A transition presupposes the existence of boundaries between the alternating
      sections of the A and B conformations that may entail an increased flexibility of
      the DNA molecule and a corresponding drop of orientation. Theory predicts an
      elliptical dependence of the number of boundaries on the proportion of the A
      form. The experimental degree of orientation follows the same pattern.
      Quantitative evaluation shows that the flexibility of a boundary is small, so
      that several dozen of boundaries are required to simulate free rotation.

PMID- 673865
TI  - Highly efficient copying of single-stranded DNA by eukaryotic cell chromatin.
AB  - Chromatin prepared from S phase hepatoma tissue culture (HTC) cell incorporates
      in vitro about 11-14 pmoles [3H]dTMP into DNA in 30 min. Single-stranded DNA
      added to this chromatin stimulates DNA synthesis more than 40-fold whereas
      activated DNA enhances it about 60-fold. By contrast, stimulation of DNA
      synthesis by activated DNA in a crude nuclear extract exceeds the stimulation
      exerted by denatured DNA by a factor of 7. Stimulation of DNA synthesis by
      denatured DNA is not due to stabilization of either the chromatin or the product
      of the endogenous reaction. On the other hand, we find that poly(dC) and poly
      (dT) enhance DNA synthesis by serving as templates which are copied by chromatin
      in a true complementary fashion. It seems therefore, that eukaryotic cell
      chromatin is able to copy single-stranded DNA at a high efficiency. Chromatin of
      G1 arrested cell copies exogenous templates at a considerably reduced rate. The
      enzyme responsible for the copying of denatured DNA is tentatively identified as
      DNA polymerase alpha on the basis of its sensitivity to sulfhydril group
      blocking, its requirements for ions and failure to copy the ribo strand of
      oligo(dT) poly(A).

PMID- 673866
TI  - [Hepatitis B virus infection in tuberculous patients].

PMID- 673867
TI  - [Measurement of peak expiratory air flow with the aid of Wright's device in
      healthy subjects].

PMID- 673868
TI  - [Regression models of 1--second forced expiratory volume (FEV) in adults].

PMID- 673869
TI  - [Thromboembolic pulmonary complications in clinical and anatomopathological
      records].

PMID- 673870
TI  - [Miliary carcinosis of the lungs in the course of primary liver cancer].

PMID- 673871
TI  - [Bronchofibroscopy with lung biopsy in a case of interstitial pulmonary
      fibrosis].

PMID- 673872
TI  - [Bronchofibroscopy as a means to take biopsy material with the help of bronchial
      brush in a case of a bronchial neoplasm].

PMID- 673873
TI  - [Prospects of diabetes treatment].

PMID- 673874
TI  - [Comparison of the effects of phenformin, buformin and metformin on blood lactate
      level].

PMID- 673875
TI  - [Direct cardiotropic action of tolbutamide on the myocardium in healthy dogs].

PMID- 673876
TI  - [Left ventricle stroke volume and heart index in healthy subjects prior to and
      following intravenous tolbutamide administration].

PMID- 673877
TI  - [Mortality from cardiovascular diseases in diabetics as a function of methods of
      hypoglycemic treatment].

PMID- 673878
TI  - [Incidence of coronary disease in diabetics in relation to methods of
      hypoglycemic treatment].

PMID- 673879
TI  - [Treatment of acute metabolic disorders in diabetics with intravenous infusion of
      small doses of insulin].

PMID- 673880
TI  - [Effect of phenformin on the rate of clearance of exogenous triglycerides from
      the blood of diabetics].

PMID- 673881
TI  - [Analysis of nutrition in patients with juvenile diabetes mellitus. Results of
      the Warsaw diabetes study].

PMID- 673882
TI  - [Effect of administration of highly purified insulin preparations on regression
      of post-insulin lipoatrophy in diabetics].

PMID- 673883
TI  - [Health behavior and its determinants among patients with juvenile diabetes
      mellitus. Results of a Warsaw diabetes study].

PMID- 673884
TI  - [Role of substitute sweetening agents in nutrition in diabetes].

PMID- 673885
TI  - [Hemoglobin fractions in diabetes].

PMID- 673886
TI  - [Radioisotope scintigraphy in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism].

PMID- 673887
TI  - [Use of X-ray microanalyzer connected with scanning microscope in hematologic
      diseases].

PMID- 673888
TI  - [Diagnostic value of whole large bowel endoscopy by means of a coloscope].

PMID- 673889
TI  - [Clinical and morphological evaluation of hepatic changes in volunteer blood
      donors, carriers of HB antigen].

PMID- 673890
TI  - [Comparison of the appositional rate on the cortical and cortical-endosteal
      surface of the ribs].

PMID- 673891
TI  - [Leukocyte migration inhibition test in studying penicillin allergy].

PMID- 673892
TI  - [Hemodynamic changes in essential hypertension with normal, high and low renin
      level].

PMID- 673893
TI  - [Pulmonary artery embolism. I. Incidence, diagnosis and clinical course].

PMID- 673894
TI  - [Pulmonary artery embolism. II. Treatment].

PMID- 673895
TI  - [Gastric secretion in patients with viral hepatitis].

PMID- 673896
TI  - [Value of subcutaneous biopsy in the diagnosis of amyloidosis].

PMID- 673897
TI  - [Corticotherapy in its chronobiological aspect].

PMID- 673898
TI  - [A trial of using Doppler's ultrasound effect for investigating vertebral
      arteries in degenerative cervical spine diseases (author's transl)].

PMID- 673899
TI  - [Radiological picture of intervertebral joints in lumbar spine insufficiency
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 673900
TI  - [Assessment of the incidence and variability of the metacarpal sign (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 673901
TI  - [Adrenal scintiscanning (author's transl)].

PMID- 673902
TI  - [Static and dynamic cervical spondylometry (author's transl)].

PMID- 673903
TI  - [Perfusion scintiscanning of lungs in tuberculosis (author's transl)].

PMID- 673904
TI  - [Radiological changes in psoriatic arthropathy (author's transl)].

PMID- 673905
TI  - [Correlations of signs in the differential diagnosis of gastric ulcer (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 673906
TI  - [Arteriography in cases of hand arterial disease (author's transl)].

PMID- 673907
TI  - [The method of fractionated pneumoencephalography using a stand for lung
      radiography and a device for radiography from a distance (author's transl)].

PMID- 673908
TI  - [The value of pelvic-extremity arteriography for the diagnosis of Fontaine
      Leriche syndrome (author's transl)].

PMID- 673909
TI  - [The speed of stomach emptying and intestinal passage in patients after partial
      gastrectomy for peptic ulcer (author's transl)].

PMID- 673910
TI  - [The frequency of diagnostic radiological investigations in Poland (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 673911
TI  - [Thrombotic changes in dural sinuses and brain veins (author's transl)].

PMID- 673912
TI  - [A case of rare variety of coeliac trunk and superior mesenteric artery diagnosed
      during selective arteriography (author's transl)].

PMID- 673913
TI  - [Adrenal calcification in Addison's disease in an active-duty soldier (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 673914
TI  - [Excretion of catecholamines and their metabolites in normal pregnancy].

PMID- 673915
TI  - [Possibilities of restoring the patency of external carotid artery ligated with
      catgut].

PMID- 673916
TI  - [Preliminary results of laparotomy with splenectomy in children with Hodgkin's
      disease].

PMID- 673917
TI  - [Study of nasal secretions for the presence of isoagglutinins].

PMID- 673918
TI  - [Clinical pharmacology of cardiac glycosides].

PMID- 673919
TI  - [Calyco-calycostomy].

PMID- 673920
TI  - [Effect of Tween 80 (a surface-active agent) on the enzymes of the intestinal
      mucosa of the small intestine and low absorption indices].

PMID- 673921
TI  - [Use of digitalis in cardiosurgery].

PMID- 673922
TI  - [The immunohistological findings in various forms of glomerulonephritis: a
      comparative investigation based on 335 renal biopsies. Part I: Endocapillary
      glomerulonephritis, mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis,
      mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis with focal crescents, minimal
      proliferating intercapillary glomerulonephritis (without nephrotic syndrome)
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 673923
TI  - [The immunohistological findings in various forms of glomerulonephritis: a
      comparative investigation based on 335 renal biopsies. Part II: Minimal
      proliferating intercapillary glomerulonephritis (with nephrotic syndrome), focal
      sclerosing, epi-extra-perimembranous, membranoproliferative and extracapillary
      (rapidly progressive) glomerulonephritis (author's transl)].

PMID- 673924
TI  - Blockade of central and peripheral generation of prostaglandins explains the
      antialgic effect of aspirin like drugs.

PMID- 673925
TI  - Glucocorticosteroids, prostaglandins and the inflammatory process.

PMID- 673926
TI  - Regulation of guinea pig airways in vivo by endogenous prostaglandins.

PMID- 673927
TI  - The effect of neuroleptics of serotonergic system of the rat brain.

PMID- 673928
TI  - The effect of para-halogenated amphetamines on brain monoamines.

PMID- 673929
TI  - The influence of mianserin and danitracen on the disappearance of noradrenaline
      in the rat brain.

PMID- 673931
TI  - The influence of biogenic amines and cyclic nucleotides on rats' bhavior after
      the chemical serotoninectomy of the central nervous system.

PMID- 673930
TI  - In vivo effect of danitracen on the uptake mechanisms in monoaminergic neurons
      and platelets in rats.

PMID- 673932
TI  - Comparison of histamine stores in lung and salivary gland.

PMID- 673933
TI  - The central antiserotonin activity of neuroleptics.

PMID- 673935
TI  - [Gastric cancer and stomach ulcer].

PMID- 673934
TI  - The influence of mianserin and danitracen, 5--hydroxytryptamine receptor
      blockers, on the 5--hydroxytryptamine disappearance induced by h22/54 in the rat
      brain.

PMID- 673936
TI  - [Surgical treatment of gastric ulcer].

PMID- 673937
TI  - [Congenital anomaly of the right subclavian artery (arteria lusoria) as an
      unusual cause of cerebral circulatory failure].

PMID- 673938
TI  - [Contrast medium reflex from the duodenum into the bile ducts following surgery].

PMID- 673939
TI  - [Surgical treatment of renal hypertension].

PMID- 673940
TI  - [External duodenal fistula as a late complication following Billroth II
      gastrectomy].

PMID- 673941
TI  - [Technic of anastomosing the portal and mesenteric veins to the inferior caval
      vein in rat without vascular suture].

PMID- 673942
TI  - [Gastric ulcer penetrating the spleen].

PMID- 673943
TI  - [Hemobilia in primary hepatic carcinoma].

PMID- 673944
TI  - [Diagnostic difficulties in cases of esophageal leiomyoma].

PMID- 673945
TI  - [Cirsoid aneurysm of the splenic artery as a cause of splenomegaly].

PMID- 673946
TI  - [Ovarian cysts and tumors in girls].

PMID- 673947
TI  - [Perforated stomach ulcer].

PMID- 673948
TI  - [Surgical treatment of peptic ulcer perforation].

PMID- 673949
TI  - [Partial gastrectomy by the Rydygier-Zaorski method in the treatment of
      perforated peptic ulcer under emergency conditions].

PMID- 673950
TI  - [Value of amylase-creatinine clearance index in the diagnosis of acute
      pancreatitis].

PMID- 673951
TI  - [Blood flow per minute as a function of blood dilution with perfusion fluids used
      in extracorporeal circulation].

PMID- 673952
TI  - [Late results of surgical treatment of malignant melanoma].

PMID- 673953
TI  - [Clinical assessment of symptoms and surgical treatment of colonic neoplasms].

PMID- 673954
TI  - [Post-traumatic aneurysms and arteriovenous fistulae].

PMID- 673955
TI  - [Use of straight prosthesis in the treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms].

PMID- 673956
TI  - [Modification of arteriovenous fistula for long-term hemodialysis treatment].

PMID- 673957
TI  - [Surgical treatment of acute ischemia of the extremity caused by thrombosis of
      axillary artery aneurysm].

PMID- 673958
TI  - [Arterio-ureteral fistula as a late complication following reconstructive surgery
      on iliac arteries].

PMID- 673959
TI  - [Rare case of aspergilloma at the site of a metallic foreign body in the lung
      treated surgically].

PMID- 673960
TI  - [Usefulness of laparotomy in the differential diagnosis of hepatic cystic
      degeneration diagnosed as hepatic echinococcosis].

PMID- 673961
TI  - [Duodenal myoma].

PMID- 673962
TI  - Glaucoma. Some practical considerations on a common disease.
AB  - Chronic simple glaucoma and acute glaucoma are totally different in pathogenesis,
      symptoms, and treatment. Chronic simple glaucoma is asymptomatic until late in
      its course, and only by appropriate screening by primary care physicians can the
      incidence of irreversible visual loss due to this disease be reduced. The
      symptoms and signs of acute glaucoma are so characteristic that recognition is
      usually easy and treatment can be begun early enough to prevent permanent angle
      damage and secondary glaucoma.

PMID- 673963
TI  - Contact lenses. Separating fact from fancy.
AB  - Contact lenses are a valuable addition to the methods of visual correction and
      can be used successfully in most cases if patients are properly fitted,
      instructed, and supervised. The majority of patients can be fitted with
      conventional hard lenses; soft lenses are preferred in special situations. The
      most important consideration with either type of lens is proper fitting, which is
      essential for preservation of normal corneal morphology and physiology.

PMID- 673964
TI  - Visual disturbances in migraine.
AB  - Abnormal visual sensations are the most common and characteristic features of
      migraine. In some patients, they are the only features. The major visual
      disturbance associated with migraine is scotoma; less common are distortions in
      size, shape, and color of viewed objects; photophobia; and diplopia and polyopia.
      Sudden loss of vision occurs in retinal migraine, and paralysis, usually of the
      third nerve, in ophthalmoplegic migraine. Paresis also may be found with cluster
      headache.

PMID- 673965
TI  - Antibiotics. How to use them in 1977-1978. Special series. Cases 32, 33, and 34.

PMID- 673966
TI  - Clinical enzymology. 1. Enzymes and isoenzymes: sample and patient variables.
AB  - Enzyme determinations are among the most commonly ordered laboratory tests and
      are valuable diagnostic aids. For the results to be useful, the sample must be
      processed and stored properly and patient variables, including age, sex,
      medication history, and exercise status, must be considered. Isoenzyme
      determinations are helpful in specific situations.

PMID- 673967
TI  - Case report. Progressive systemic sclerosis presenting as interstitial pulmonary
      fibrosis.
AB  - Pulmonary involvement usually is a late manifestation of progressive systemic
      sclerosis. In the case reported here, dyspnea and pulmonary interstitial fibrosis
      developed more than a year prior to onset of skin and vascular changes. Open-lung
      biopsy performed early in the course of the disease failed to yield a definitive
      diagnosis.

PMID- 673968
TI  - Case report. Plasmacytoma presenting as unilateral proptosis.
AB  - A 49-year-old man presented with proptosis of the right eye. An x-ray film of the
      skull showed a lytic lesion in the right frontal bone. No other skeletal lesions
      were found. Immunoelectrophoretic analysis showed a monoclonal elevation of IgG
      level. A soft orbital tumor near the foramen of the optic nerve was removed and
      found to be a plasmacytoma. The patient was given local irradiation. When IgG
      level increased about four months after surgery, he was treated with
      chemotherapy. IgG level decreased and no further skeletal lesions were found.

PMID- 673969
TI  - In a mouse's eye.

PMID- 673970
TI  - Generics--is there a choice?

PMID- 673971
TI  - Computed tomography: a matter of definition.

PMID- 673972
TI  - Specifics about office spirometry.

PMID- 673973
TI  - Common problems of ambulatory geriatric patients. A survey.

PMID- 673974
TI  - Common eye problems. Introduction.

PMID- 673975
TI  - Alternatives to standard cataract surgery.
AB  - Two alternatives to standard cataract surgery have been developed which have
      distinct benefits in selected patients. Phacoemulsification, which requires only
      a small incision and little recovery time, is particularly suited to young
      patients. Elderly patients, who often cannot wear aphakic spectacles or contact
      lenses, may benefit from intraocular lens implantation.

PMID- 673976
TI  - Multiple sclerosis. Highlights of studies relating to nature and cause.
AB  - Multiple sclerosis (MS), a common cause of neurologic disability in adults, most
      often begins in the early part of the fourth decade of life. Signs and symptoms
      are the result of focal destruction of myelin in the CNS. An elevated CSF gamma
      globulin level or evidence of an oligoclonal CSF gamma globulin is helpful in
      diagnosis. MS may be an uncommon result of early-life viral infection in
      genetically susceptible persons.

PMID- 673977
TI  - Antibiotics. How to use them in 1977-1978.

PMID- 673979
TI  - Is there intelligent life at DHEW?

PMID- 673978
TI  - Clinical enzymology 2. Test strategies and interpretation of results.
AB  - The greatest usefulness of enzyme determinations is in diagnosis and management
      of hepatic, cardiac, pancreatic, and skeletal muscle diseases. They occasionally
      are useful in patients with malignant or hematologic conditions. As a rule,
      enzyme determinations are sensitive enough for normal values to exclude disease
      but are too nonspecific for abnormal values to confirm disease. Exceptions to
      this rule are determination of the MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase, the flipped
      lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme pattern, and calculation of the ratio of amylase
      clearance to creatinine clearance.

PMID- 673980
TI  - Touching.

PMID- 673981
TI  - Theophylline-induced seizures.

PMID- 673982
TI  - The cancer-screening dilemma.
AB  - Only in cancer of the uterine cervix and in cancer of the breast is there
      evidence of reduced mortality with early treatment. Screening also enables
      physicians to detect early cancer of the oral cavity or colon. With regard to
      cancers at other sites, many questions about screening's potential remain to be
      answered.

PMID- 673983
TI  - Using antidepressants effectively.

PMID- 673984
TI  - Parkinsonism. Clinical and neuropharmacologic aspects.
AB  - While the etiology of the most common form of parkinsonism (idiopathic) remains
      elusive, studies of the regional biochemistry and pharmacology of the brain have
      led to recognition of the importance of certain pathways, such as the
      nigrostriatal system. This information evolved from the discovery that the
      neurotransmitter dopamine is depleted in parkinsonism and that restoration of
      dopamine by administration of its precursor, levodopa, induces a dramatic
      therapeutic response in many patients. Such studies have initiated and sustained
      a major surge in neuropharmacologic advances, but the tangible benefits, in the
      form of therapeutic results, have undergone some critical reappraisal with the
      appearance of late adverse reactions to levodopa. One practical approach to this
      problem is deliberate delay in starting levodopa therapy and the use of lower
      doses. Use of artificial dopaminergic agonists and selective inhibitors of
      monoamine oxidase B has also been investigated.

PMID- 673985
TI  - The muscular dystrophies. Clinical update on two major types.
AB  - The muscular dystrophies are inherited diseases involving skeletal muscle and, to
      a variable extent, many other organs of the body. Each presents a distinctive
      clinical syndrome, and each presumably reflects a distinctive inborn error of
      metabolism. The precise metabolic defect is not known for any of these disorders.
      However, recent studies suggest that abnormalities in cellular membranes may help
      explain clinical deficits in two of the most important disorders, Duchenne's
      muscular dystrophy and myotonic muscular dystrophy.

PMID- 673986
TI  - The assessment of glomerular function: creatinine clearance or plasma creatinine?
AB  - Plasma creatinine concentration is superior to creatinine clearance for the
      detection of abnormal glomerular function, of changes of glomerular function in
      patients with chronic renal disease. Creatinine clearance should be abandoned as
      the routine assessment of glomerular function.

PMID- 673987
TI  - Anticholinergic drugs, buccal ulceration and mucosal potential difference.
AB  - Measurement of changes in buccal mucosal potential difference produced by contact
      with drug formulations may provide a means of predicting their mucosal toxicity
      and ulcerogenic activity.

PMID- 673988
TI  - Guillain-Barre syndrome after rubella.
AB  - A case of polyneuropathy (Guillain--Barre syndrome) developing only 6 days after
      rubella infection in a 26-year-old woman is described. Serological confirmation
      of the viral infection by detecting the specific IgM antibody has not been
      previously reported in any of the rubella cases associated with the syndrome.

PMID- 673989
TI  - The insidious presentation of the juvenile form of metachromatic leucodystrophy.
AB  - Certain progressive cerebral diseases can present with emotional and behavioural
      disorders. The juvenile form of metachromatic leucodystrophy is one of these. The
      histories of two children with this condition are given to demonstrate the
      insidious form of onset.

PMID- 673990
TI  - Therapy of Candida peritonitis: penetration of amphotericin B into peritoneal
      fluid.
AB  - Candida albicans peritonitis developed in a 48-year-old man with a perforated
      gastric ulcer who subsequently was treated with intravenous amphotericin B. The
      drug penetrated well into the inflamed peritoneal cavity and eradicated the
      organism from the peritoneal fluid. Nevertheless, at post-mortem, Candida
      organisms were demonstrated in a gall-bladder empyema and within the gall-bladder
      wall. Because intra-abdominal organs may be involved in Candida peritonitis, the
      use of high dose amphotericin B administered either intravenously,
      intraperitoneally, or both intravenously and intraperitoneally is recommended.

PMID- 673991
TI  - Carcinoma of the gall bladder presenting as a retrograde intussusception of the
      duodenum.
AB  - A case of carcinoma of the gall bladder presenting as a retrograde
      intussusception of the duodenum is described. Although this is a rare
      presentation of the disease, adequate radiography and endoscopy will help to
      establish the diagnosis.

PMID- 673992
TI  - Benign polypi at the site of uretero-rectal anastomosis.
AB  - A case of benign polypi at the site of uretero-rectal anastomosis is herein
      reported. Nine other similar cases are reviewed. Possible aetiology and diagnosis
      are discussed.

PMID- 673993
TI  - Sub-acute thyroiditis and hepatitis in a case of infectious mononucleosis.
AB  - A viral aetiology for sub-acute (de Quervain's) thyroiditis has long been
      postulated although proof has been elusive. Infectious mononucleosis has been
      associated with sub-acute thyroiditis in only two papers, and histological
      evidence of sub-acute thyroiditis was lacking in both. A case of sub-acute
      thyroiditis, confirmed by histology, occurring in a patient with infectious
      mononucleosis is now reported.

PMID- 673994
TI  - Juvenile hepatic fibropolycystic disease and other abnormalities.
AB  - Two cases are described of hepatic fibropolycystic disease (Brunt, 1973). Both
      had neonatal pyloric stenosis, one craniostenosis and the other acromegaly and
      neuro-fibromatosis.

PMID- 673995
TI  - Duplication of the rectum.
AB  - A case of duplication of the rectum is presented and the literature reviewed.

PMID- 673996
TI  - Hostile interaction in a general hospital ward leading to disturbed behaviour and
      bulimia in anorexia nervosa: its successful management.
AB  - A girl of 17 years with severe anorexia nervosa, treated on a medical ward in a
      teaching hospital, developed bulimia, stole food, was sometimes doubly
      incontinent, behaved angrily, and aroused the hostility of patients and staff.
      The growth of a vicious circle of hostility is described and it was hypothesized
      that the hostility had aggravated the bulimia. On the basis of this hypothesis
      the situation was clarified with the patient and staff, attitudes changed, the
      patient's appetite dropped within a day from about six times to one-and-a-half
      times the normal and her behaviour became normal. The significance of these
      events is briefly discussed.

PMID- 673998
TI  - [Use of sympathomimetics in the treatment of asthma].
AB  - There are many sympathomimetic products available in treatment of asthma, such as
      ephedrin, isoproterenol, orciprenalin, salbutamol, terbutalin..., used by oral or
      injectable route and spray. In the spray form, the sympathomimetic products have
      immediate and intense activity but the easiness of their use leads to a dose
      multiplication or overdose ineluctably, and thus involves cardiac and respiratory
      accidents which can be fatal. Their prescription should be slightly different
      according to the clinical type of asthma in the patient. On the other hand the
      oral sympathomimetic products are less inclined to overdose.

PMID- 673997
TI  - [Arterio-alveolar difference in CO2 (AaDCO2) : measurement, interpretation,
      clinical value].
AB  - The measurement of arterio-alveolar difference in CO2, easily performed, gives
      the percentage of non perfused ventilated pulmonary zones. The clinical value of
      this examination is illustrated by two observations. Its situation, among other
      tests of the respiratory function, is questioned particularly when the diagnosis
      of pulmonary embolism is concerned.

PMID- 673999
TI  - [Value of right cardiac microcatheterization in the prescription and control of
      oxygen therapy in chronic respiratory insufficiency].
AB  - The authors studied 24 patients with chronic respiratory insufficiency divided in
      2 groups, one of them subjected to long lasting oxygen therapy. They studied the
      correlations between the variations of hemodynamic and non dynamic parameters
      registered during a previous assay of oxygen therapy and those observed during
      the evolution so as to deduct criteria of prescription of a long lasting oxygen
      therapy. They stress the importance of microcatheterism at the beginning. On the
      other hand if it suggests the indication for a controlable oxygenation, the
      ponctual assays of oxygen therapy, such as defined, present no interest where the
      appreciation of later successes of a long term oxygen therapy is concerned.

PMID- 674000
TI  - [Comparative efficiency of rigid broncoscopy and fibroscopy in proximal bronchial
      neoplasms].
AB  - The authors report 2 comparable series of 200 bronchoscopies and 200 fibroscopies
      on 400 cases whose endoscopic pictures suggested a bronchial neoplasia. The
      histopathological results were similar in both series.

PMID- 674001
TI  - [Clinical study of pleural fibromas].
AB  - After 3 personal observations of pleural fibromas, 67 analogous cases have been
      recorded. Clinical, radiological and pathological signs are recalled. The authors
      stress the 2 points which can turn this benign tumour into a serious disease :-
      onset of major hypoglycemia,--recurrences happening in a malignant fashion.

PMID- 674002
TI  - [Double cancer or diagnostic error?].

PMID- 674003
TI  - Effect of high dietary copper on the ceca of chicks.
AB  - Including 120 to 250 mg./kg. additional copper in practical broiler rations
      significantly affected the cecal appearance. The ceca were distended and the
      contents were darker in color and more pasty in consistency, compared to
      controls. Adding monensin sodium, gentian violet, or ferrous sulfate alone or in
      combination with copper to the ration did not significantly change the appearance
      of the ceca. Copper concentrations in the cecal contents reached levels above
      5000 mg./kg., suggesting that the mechanism of action of copper in changing the
      appearance of the ceca may be related to an inhibition of normal fermentation
      that occurs in this part of the gastrointestinal tract. Sulfate, chloride and
      carbonate forms of copper all significantly changed cecal appearance, but the
      oxide did not, nor did a non-copper containing sulfate source. Macroscopic
      appearance of the gizzard lining and the proventriculus was also significantly
      changed by adding 240 mg./kg. copper to the diet, and liver weight and lipid
      content of liver dry matter were significantly increased.

PMID- 674004
TI  - Protein requirement of guinea keets.
AB  - An experiment was carried out in batteries with raised wire floors to study the
      protein requirements of guinea keets from one to 56 days of age. Keets were fed
      protein levels ranging from 18 to 28% using an isocaloric corn-soya diet. Keets
      in this experiment required a dietary protein level of 24% for optimal growth to
      eight weeks of age. Feed conversion was slightly better for the keets that
      received 28% protein; however, this result was not significantly different at the
      0.05 level of probability. Feed consumption was generally related to growth rate.
      Mortality was not influenced by levels of protein.

PMID- 674005
TI  - Distribution of 140La and 47Ca in female Japanese quail and in the eggs laid.
AB  - 140La accumulations in 20 tissues and tissue products of laying Japanese quail 1,
      6 and 18 hr. after an intravenous dose of 15 mumol. La/100 g. body weight were
      greatest in the liver (43.1% at 18 hr.) and the growing oocytes (8.19% at 18
      hr.). 47Ca accumulations 6 hr. after intravenous injection as compared with 140La
      levels were: shell 87.7% Ca, 0.0028% La; liver 0.110% Ca, 38.5% La; oocytes
      0.852% Ca, 6.50% La. La3+ administered with the 47Ca did not alter the 47Ca
      levels. Deposition in eggs laid over an 8-day period was: 47Ca, shells 95.7%,
      maximum 77.6% on day 1; 140La, yolks 25.3%, maximum 8.35% on day 4.

PMID- 674006
TI  - New formal approaches to the determination of energy and amino acid requirements
      of chicks.
AB  - Body weight and the intake of metabolizable energy of chicks as function of age,
      were resolved into a linear equation from which the energy requirements for
      maintenance and growth were extracted. The metabolizable energy requirement for
      maintenance was calculated to be 1.91 and 1.62 Cal./g. 2/3, and that for weight
      gain was 2.05 and 2.19 Cal./g. for male White Rock and female 2--8-week old
      Leghorn chicks, respectively. The amino acid requirements of growing broiler
      chicks were calculated from the maintenance requirements, body weight gain and
      body weight, the proportions of feather protein in total body protein, and the
      amino acid composition of carcass and feathers. The requirements thus calculated,
      correlated well with various values in the literature. Diets formulated on the
      basis of the present model, were lower in protein and amino acid contents than
      those formulated on the basis of NRC allowances. These differences were
      pronounced in diets designed for 6--8 week old chicks. The weight gains obtained
      were similar for both types of diets. Feed conversion were slightly poorer and
      abdominal fat higher in chicks fed the model diets. It is concluded that the
      present model can serve, at least as an initial approach, to calculate the
      protein and amino acid requirements.

PMID- 674007
TI  - Effect of pelleting on the vitamin K activity of various vitamin K3 preparations
      in chicks.
AB  - A study with chicks was conducted to compare the relative vitamin K3 stability of
      various menadione preparations in mash and pellets. The preparations assayed were
      menadione sodium bisulfite, menadione sodium bisulfite complex, menadione
      dimethylpyrimidinol bisulfite and Kastab (a physically stabilized preparation of
      menadione sodium bisulfite). Pelleting increased the stability of all
      preparations when measured by the partial thromboplastin assay. The general trend
      in stability obtained by both procedures was in decreasing order: Kastab,
      menadione dimethylpyrimidinol bisulfite, menadione bisulfite complex and
      menadione bisulfite. Stability, determined chemically in vitamin microelement
      premixes, gave similar results.

PMID- 674008
TI  - Influence of ethoxyquin on the utilization of selenium by the chick.
AB  - Experiments showed that commonly used concentrations of dietary ethoxyquin (6
      ethoxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroxyquinoline) spare the selenium requirement of
      the vitamin E-deficient chick according to the following function: log Y = 
      0.0011X - 0.7741, where Y = Se requirement (ppm) and X = dietary ethoxyquin
      (ppm). The basis of the sparing effect appeared to be metabolic; (a) ethoxyquin
      was effective in alleviating exudative diathesis when fed (physiologically and
      chronologically) separately from selenium, and (b) ethoxyquin was effective in
      promoting increases in the plasma of the selenium-containing enzyme, glutathione
      peroxidase.

PMID- 674009
TI  - Studies on the utilization of vitamin E alcohol and esters by the chick.
AB  - Experiments were conducted to evaluate the utilization of d1-alpha-tocopherol, d1
      alpha-tocopheryl acetate and a water-soluble ester, d-alpha-tocopheryl
      polyethylene glycol 1000 (TPGS), as dietary sources of vitamin E for the chick.
      Results showed that tocopheryl acetate is utilized with efficiency equal to that
      of vitamin E alcohol at dietary concentrations less than or equal to
      approximately 40 ml d1-alpha-tocopherol equivalents per kg. At greater dietary
      concentrations of the vitamin, the alcohol form appeared to be better utilized
      than the acetate when it was adequately stabilized in the diet. However, TPGS was
      poorly utilized at all dietary levels examined. Saponification of both esters
      improved the utilization of vitamin E from these sources. The utilization of all
      forms of vitamin E was depressed in hypervitaminotic A chicks and, to a lesser
      extent, in chicks fed ethoxyquin.

PMID- 674010
TI  - The relationship of production status to serum calcium and phosphorus in hens.
AB  - The effect of production status on the serum levels of calcium and phosphorous of
      laying hens was examined. Commercial-type White Leghorn hens, 66 weeks of age,
      were selected on the basis of whether or not they had laid an egg each day during
      a two-day period. A five ml. blood sample was collected via anterior heart
      puncture from each of the selected hens and subjected to serum calcium and
      phosphorus analyses. Serum phosphorus varied significantly in relation to whether
      or not a bird laid an egg the day before and/or the day of blood collection.
      Except for birds which were reproductively inactive, serum calcium was less
      affected by production status than was serum phosphorus. It was hypothesized that
      the variations were related to the physiological changes in shell calcification
      activity, bone resorption and remineralization, intestinal absorption of minerals
      and muscular activity. It was suggested from the results that birds selected for
      serum mineral analyses should be of similar production status.

PMID- 674011
TI  - Suppression of phytohemagglutinin skin response in thymectomized chickens.
AB  - Intradermal injection of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in the wattles of chickens
      elicited marked swellings often accompanied by induration. Histologically, this
      reaction was characterized by a perivascular accumulation of lymphocytes and
      macrophage migration in the central layer of the wattles. Heterophilic
      infiltration was observed mostly at early hours and waned thereafter. Sometime
      basophils were prominently located around the vessels. These responses were
      significantly decreased in cases of neonatal thymectomy. Therefore, the PHA skin
      test was considered to be a thymus-dependent response. The use of the PHA skin
      test in chickens may provide useful information for the evaluation of thymus
      dependent function.

PMID- 674012
TI  - Plasma concentration of progesterone and estradiol during the ovulatory cycle of
      the turkey.
AB  - Radioimmunoassays were used to estimate concentrations of progesterone and
      estradiol in the peripheral plasma of hens in relation to the first (C1) or
      second (C2) ovulation in a sequence. Peak concentrations of progesterone were
      found at 6--3 hr. before ovulation. There were no consistent changes in estradiol
      concentrations. When blood samples were taken at 2-hr. intervals for 24--48 hrs.,
      estradiol concentrations peaked at 18 hours before C1 ovulation and during the
      same time of day (2--6 p.m.) during the period of no ovulation between sequences,
      but no estradiol peak preceded C2 ovulation. When blood samples were taken from a
      second population of hens at 1-hr. intervals during the 12 hr. period before
      expected C2 ovulation, a significant rise in estradiol (P less than 0.01) was
      associated with the preovulatory peak of progesterone. The preovulatory peak of
      estradiol in these hens may be linked to a seasonally high rate of secretion of
      both estradiol and progesterone. As estimated indirectly by hypophysectomy,
      release of an ovulatory amount of LH in the turkey coincided with the rise of
      progesterone to the preovulatory peak.

PMID- 674013
TI  - Effect of fertilization and age of hen on the cholesterol content of chicken egg
      yolk.

PMID- 674014
TI  - Effects of age, light regimes and food removal on development of daily
      rhythmicity in chick heart rate.
AB  - Development of daily rhythms in the chick heart rate was investigated during the
      post-hatching period. The measurements were made in free-moving chicks at one
      hour intervals under different light conditions. Clear daily rhythms were seen 3
      days after hatching under LD (12:12 hr.) whereas no daily rhythm was observed
      under either constant illumination or constant dark. The present study
      demonstrated that while heart rate increased with age during the post-hatching
      period, the light-time heart rate increased more rapidly than the dark-time heart
      rate. It was also found that the daily rhythms in heart rate were not formed
      after food removal even under LD. These results indicate that the light and
      feeding play an important role in the development of the daily rhythms in chick
      heart rate.

PMID- 674016
TI  - A new poultry semen extender 3. Effect of storage conditions on the fertilizing
      capacity of chicken semen stored at 5 degrees C.
AB  - Semen from adult Leghorns was subjected to one of five treatments during storage
      at 5 degrees C. for periods of up to 24 hr. The effects of dilution rate, storage
      temperature, presence of seminal plasma, presence of visible light and the semen
      to air ratio in the storage vessel were studied on the fertilizing capacity of
      spermatozoa after 0, 4 and 24 hr. of storage. The results indicated that the
      fertilizing capacity of chicken semen stored at 5 degrees C. was equal to that of
      the unstored controls when semen was diluted and exposed to a light intensity of
      129 lux during the entire storage period. Viability of semen stored at 5 degrees
      C. for 24 hr. was unaffected by storage temperature (5 vs 15 degrees C.), the
      presence or absence of seminal plasma, or the semen to air ratio in the storage
      vessel.

PMID- 674015
TI  - A new poultry semen extender 2. Effect of the diluent components on the
      fertilizing capacity of chicken semen stored at 5 degrees C.
AB  - The major objective of this study was to assess the relationship of various
      components of the Beltsville Poultry Semen Extender (BPSE) to the maintenance of
      the fertilizing capacity of chicken semen stored at 5 degrees C. A secondary
      objective was to rest the effectiveness of certain chemical additives on
      maintining the fertilizing capacity of stored semen. The data indicate that the
      components of the BPSE which contribute most to the preservation of semen were
      sodium glutamate and potassium phosphate. Also the high level of potassium in the
      BPSE was critical to the survival of spermatozoa during low temperature storage.
      Although the fructose component of the BPSE was not a significant factor during
      storage, attempts to substitute fructose with other carbohydrates resulted in a
      reduction in fertility. The addition of gentamicin sulfate (100 to 200
      microgram/ml.), or pasteurized milk (10% v./v.) to the BPSE did not significantly
      alter the fertilizing capacity of semen stored for 24 hr., whereas similar levels
      of whole egg, egg yolk, egg albumen or seminal plasma had a depressive effect.
      The data in this study clearly indicate that components of and additions to the
      BPSE were responsible for the maintenance of only about 50 to 60% of the
      fertilizing capacity of chicken semen stored for 24 hr. at 5 degrees C.

PMID- 674017
TI  - Testicular regression and recovery in the chukar partridge as affected by
      photoperiod.

PMID- 674018
TI  - The effect of dietary monoterpenes on the cholesterol level of eggs.
AB  - Monoterpenes were included in the diets of laying hens in an attempt to inhibit
      the synthesis of cholesterol and hence reduce its amount in egg yolk. However,
      feeding five monoterpenes, phorone or 200 mg. cholesterol per day to hens did not
      significantly change the level of cholesterol in the egg yolk. These compounds
      did not cause signs of ill health in the hen or a decline in egg production.

PMID- 674019
TI  - Estimation of sodium requirement of growing chukar partridge (Alectoris graeca).
AB  - Two experiments were conducted with growing chukar partridges to estimate their
      sodium requirement for growth. Birds fed the basal diet (0.025% Na) had poor
      growth and high mortality. A total of about 0.095% dietary sodium was adequate
      for maximum growth and minimal mortality.

PMID- 674020
TI  - The effect of environmental temperature on potassium concentrations in the blood
      of the domestic fowl.
AB  - The effects of environmental temperature on the blood potassium concentration of
      chickens of different ages were studied. The mean environmental temperatures used
      were 8 degrees, 19 degrees and 30 degrees C. There were no statistically
      significant differences in blood potassium concentration between age groups
      within a given temperature. Birds acclimated to an environmental temperature of
      30 degrees C., had a lower mean blood potassium concentration than birds
      acclimated to an environmental temperature of 8 degrees C. There was no
      significant difference between the birds at 19 degrees C. and the other groups.
      Birds transferred from the 8 degrees to the 30 degrees C. environmental
      temperature showed a significant decrease in whole blood potassium concentrations
      as early as six hr. following transfer. In birds transferred from the 30 degrees
      to the 8 degrees C. environmental temperature, the blood potassium concentrations
      before and after transfer did not differ significantly. The results of this study
      indicate that blood potassium concentrations change with acclimation by the
      domestic fowl.

PMID- 674021
TI  - Lysine requirement of broilers as influenced by environmental temperatures.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted to determine the influence of 15.6 and 29.4
      degrees C. environmental temperatures on 2- to 4-week broiler lysine
      requirements. Weights for 4-week-old cockerels were maximum when either 1.10%
      dietary lysine in the 15.6 degrees C. environment or 1.00% dietary lysine in the
      29.4 degrees C. environment were fed. Feed was used more efficiently by 4-week
      old cockerels fed either 1.10% dietary lysine in the 15.6 degrees C. environment
      or 0.95% dietary lysine in the 29.4 degrees C. environment. Plasma free lysine
      concentrations from 4-week-old cockerels increased as dietary lysine increased.
      Total plasma free amino acid concentrations from chicks grown in a 15.6 degrees
      C. environment were approximately 25% greater than from chicks grown at 29.4
      degrees C. Total plasma free amino acids for 4-week-old cockerels peaked when
      1.05% dietary lysine in the cool environment and 0.95% dietary lysine in the warm
      environment were fed.

PMID- 674022
TI  - Effect of a high level of dietary iodine on resistance of broilers to Mycoplasma
      synoviae.

PMID- 674023
TI  - The effects of sonication, freezing and lyophilization on JMV leukosis strain.
AB  - JMV lymphoblastic leukemic cells were subjected to sonication, followed by
      freezing and lyophilization in an attempt to learn the tolerance of JMV cells to
      these treatments. Sonication experiments indicated that a high percentage of cell
      breakage (greater than 89%) is necessary for any decrease in lethality to be
      observed. Freezing experiments involving a wide range of cryoprotectors
      demonstrated 2M glycerol to be the best for JMV preservation. Subsequent freeze
      drying of sonicated, frozen JMV preparations, of high titer, consistently
      resulted in all loss of lethality.

PMID- 674024
TI  - Photographic study of chick embryo development in vitro.

PMID- 674025
TI  - Effect of 6-amino-9-(substituted benzyl)purines on oocyst sporulation.
AB  - A series of experiments have been conducted utilizing 11 strains of Eimeria
      representing 4 of the major species to measure the effect of arprinocid [6-amino
      9-(2-chloro-6-fluorobenzyl)purine] and the dichloro analog L-628,914 [6-amino-9
      (2,6-dichlorobenzyl)purine] on oocyst sporulation. The results of these studies
      show that oocysts harvested from chickens fed graded levels of these compounds
      and infected with E. acervulina, E. maxima, E. necatrix, or E. tenella have a
      decreased capacity to sporulate. This effect was observed against each of the
      species of Eimeria tested at levels well below the proposed use level of 60 ppm
      to 70 ppm of arprinocid.

PMID- 674026
TI  - The response of Bobwhite quail chicks to dietary ammonium and an antibiotic
      vitamin supplement when fed B1 aflatoxin.
AB  - Dietary ammonium phosphate and a water soluble antibiotic-vitamin supplement were
      tested as possible means of preventing or minimizing the effects of aflatoxin in
      the diet of Bobwhite quail chicks. Aflatoxin (B1) was added to the diet at levels
      of 0, 0.4 and .8 ppm in Experiment 1 and 0, .8 and 1.2 ppm in Experiment 2. In
      addition, ammonium phosphate was included in the diet at levels of 0 or 1.46% and
      an antibiotic-vitamin supplement was added to the drinking water at 0 or 600
      mg/liter. All treatments were given from 1 to 32 days of age in Experiment 1 and
      1 to 28 days of age in Experiment 2. The addition of aflatoxin to the diet
      resulted in decreased body weight, feed consumption and percent tibia ash,
      increased mortality and increased feed required per unit of body weight. The
      addition of ammonia to the diet in the form of monoammonium phosphate did not
      alleviate the effects of aflatoxin. Water supplementation with an antibiotic
      vitamin mixture improved weight and feed efficiency and decreased mortality of
      chicks receiving aflatoxin.

PMID- 674027
TI  - Energy utilization by laying hens. I. Energetic efficiencies of maintenance and
      production.
AB  - The energetic efficiency of metabolizable energy conversion to net energy for
      maintenance and/or production was determined in laying hens. The techniques
      employed indicated that maintenance and production had essentially the same
      efficiencies (.619 and .628, respectively). Fasting heat production was 69.28
      kcal/Wkg75 (physiological body weight) and the maintenance requirement was 111.1
      kcal/Wkg75. Limiting metabolizable energy intake in laying hens reduced both egg
      weight and hen-day production. Regression equations predicted a reduction of 1.53
      g in egg weight and a reduction of 2.5% in egg production for each 10 kcal
      metabolizable energy reduction in intake. This paper reports techniques which may
      be employed for energetic efficiency evaluations of feedstuffs, mixed diets, and
      energy utilization by laying hens in short term studies.

PMID- 674028
TI  - Relative phosphorus requirements of three strains of White Leghorn cockerels.
AB  - Three strains of White Leghorn Cockerels were fed a degerminated corn meal diet
      supplemented with graded levels of phosphorus. The basal diet which contained
      .30% phosphorus and .21% calcium was adjusted to contain added phosphorus levels
      of 0, .05, .10, or .15%, with calcium levels of .49, .47, .57 and .61%,
      respectively. At the end of a 21-day trial period, birds were group weighed by
      replicate, and four birds from each replicate sacrificed for bone ash
      determinations. The experiment was repeated one time. Maximum body weights of
      Babcock B-300 and Hyline W-36 chicks was attained at the .10% supplemental
      phosphorus level; whereas Kimber K-137 chick body weight data indicated a
      response beyond this point to the .15% level. Bone ash data indicated that there
      may be a difference in phosphorus requirement and/or utilization among the three
      strains. There was no significant response beyond the .10% supplemental
      phosphorus level when tibia ash values of the B-300 and W-36 chicks were
      analyzed. A significant response in ash values was noted, however, to the .15%
      supplemental phosphorus level with K-137 chicks.

PMID- 674029
TI  - Alleviation of fluorine toxicity in starting turkeys and chicks with aluminum.
AB  - Aluminum (Al) compounds were evaluated as fluorine (F) toxicity alleviators in
      starting broiler chicks and turkeys. Added F levels from NaF ranged from 0 to
      1000 ppm, whereas Al levels varied from 0 to 800 ppm. Al was fed either as Al2O3
      or Al2 (SO4)3.18H2O. When fed as the sulphate salt, 800 ppm of Al completely
      prevented the toxic effect of at least 1000 ppm of F. Al2O3 was not effective as
      an alleviator of fluorine toxicity. When the mode of action of Al2(SO4)3.18H2O
      against F toxicity was studied in colostomized turkeys it was apparent that F
      absorption occurred but was probably less efficient than previously reported in
      ruminants. Al significantly (P less than .05) reduced F absorption in turkeys.
      Urinary F levels were: 2.4 ppm in birds fed a control diet (26 ppm F), 17.8 ppm
      in birds fed a diet with 1000 ppm F, and 6.7 ppm in birds fed the high F diet
      with 800 ppm Al as the sulphate salt. In addition, data from this study indicated
      that starting broiler chicks were more tolerant (800 ppm F) than starting turkeys
      (600 ppm F) to fluorine toxicosis.

PMID- 674030
TI  - Performance and leg conditions of caged and floor reared broilers fed diets
      deficient in selected vitamins and minerals.

PMID- 674031
TI  - Testosterone levels in the blood plasma of male chicken-pheasant hybrids.
AB  - Testosterone levels in the blood plasma of sterile male chicken-pheasant hybrids
      were compared with plasma testosterone levels of roosters and male pheasants,
      using radioimmunoassay. Mean values of testosterone in the roosters, male
      pheasants and chicken-pheasant hybrids during spring were 155.47 +/- 4.03, 24.29
      +/- 1.55 and 0.68 +/- 0.05 ng./100 ml., respectively and the corresponding values
      for winter were 88.88 +/- 4.10, 0.61 +/- 0.04 and 0.76 +/- 0.07 ng./100 ml. The
      pheasant testes were inactive in winter but active in spring whereas the hybrid
      testes were inactive in winter and spring unlike those of roosters which were
      active during these seasons. The low levels of testosterone in hybrids during
      both seasons could be attributed to the impairment of steroid biosynthetic
      activity of the Leydig cells and may be causally related to the absence of
      secondary sexual characteristics and the interruption of spermatogenesis in
      chicken-pheasant hybrids.

PMID- 674032
TI  - Effect of cholera preventative treatments on reproductive performance of turkey
      hens.
AB  - Turkey hens were treated with either the Clemson University (CU) strain of P.
      multocida, chlortetracycline, bacterin, or no cholera preventative treatment
      during the growing period. This was followed by CU vaccination during the
      production period in all except an untreated control group and resulted in no
      significant differences (P less than 0.05) in egg production, egg weight,
      fertility, hatchability, body weight, or feed consumption. Best liveability after
      post-production challenge with P-1059 strain of P. multocida was 92% for those
      treated with CU vaccine in both the grower and production periods. Hens receiving
      no cholera preventative treatment had only 8% liveability. These data indicate no
      adverse effect from treating turkey hens with CU vaccine during the production
      period.

PMID- 674033
TI  - Electrolyte content of blood and bone in chickens subjected to heat stress.
AB  - In two trials, S. C. White Leghorns were subjected to constant ambient
      temperatures of 21.1, 29.4 and 35.0 C from 2 to 33 or 2 to 31 weeks of age. Blood
      samples were obtained 4 days prior to termination of the trial. In trial 1, blood
      electrolytes Na, K, Ca, Mg and Cl were studied. In trial 2, the same blood
      electrolytes plus P were studied and the left femur was analyzed for Na, K, Ca,
      Mg, P, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn and % ash. Results indicate that both males and females can
      maintain homeostasis of both blood and bone under the above temperature
      conditions.

PMID- 674034
TI  - Comparison of two procedures for freezing semen from cocks of high and low
      fertility with frozen semen.
AB  - Semen samples from groups of males chosen for high or low freezability of semen
      were frozen by two different methods, one using glycerol as the cryoprotectant
      and the other using DMSO. Fertilizing capacity was highest from semen collected
      from males of the high group and frozen in the presence of DMSO. Neither semen
      source nor method of freezing had any influence on the hatch of fertile eggs.

PMID- 674035
TI  - Plasma renin activity in hypertensive and hypotensive turkeys.
AB  - Plasma renin activity (PRA) and Angiotensin I values were determined in
      hypertensive and hypotensive strains of turkeys. In this study, PRA and/or
      Angiotensin I values were not influenced by body weight or blood pressure. The
      PRA of the hypertensive turkeys (.227 ng/ml/hr) was not significantly different
      from the hypotensive turkeys (.216 ng/ml/hr). Also, the Angiotensin I values of
      .225 and .213 ng/ml in the hypertensive and hypotensive lines, respectively, were
      not different. There were no significant correlations between body weight, blood
      pressure, PRA, and/or Angiotensin I.

PMID- 674036
TI  - The metabolic and endogenous energy losses of adult roosters.
AB  - The metabolic plus endogenous energy losses of 300 adult, White Leghorn roosters
      during a 24 hr period, following 24 hr of starvation, were measured. The losses
      ranged from 2.37 to 6.93, with a mean of 4.46, kcal/kg body weight/24 hr.
      Multiple regression analysis showed that only 23% of the variation in the
      loss/bird/24 hr was explained by differences in body weight and weight change.
      The measurements were made during 38 experiments spread over 3 years but there
      was no evidence of any relationship between the year or time of year and
      magnitude of the energy loss.

PMID- 674037
TI  - Effects of environmental temperature on the iodine requirements of young
      chickens.
AB  - Growth rate of chicks maintained at 32 C was reduced as compared with chicks
      maintained at 21 C. Environmental temperature did not influence the iodine
      requirement for growth which appeared to be met with a level of approximately 75
      ppb in both environments. Thyroid enlargement was observed in both environments
      for chicks fed low levels of iodine, but the magnitude of the enlargement was
      much greater at 21 C than at 32 C. A level of 75 ppb iodine was adequate for
      normal thyroid size at 32 C, but was inadequate to prevent thyroid enlargement at
      21 C.

PMID- 674038
TI  - D-cystine utilization by the chick.
AB  - Young chicks were fed graded levels of either L-cystine or DL-cystine in a
      purified crystalline amino acid diet made adequate in methionine but void in
      cystine. Gain performance and slope-ratio efficacy comparisons indicated that the
      D-isomer of cystine could not be utilized by the chick.

PMID- 674039
TI  - Hereditary chondrodystrophy in the turkey.
AB  - A new form of chondrodystrophy was observed in an inbred line of large weight
      white turkeys. It is characterized by shortened and thickened long bones of the
      legs and wings and proportionally shortened beaks. The absence of some terminal
      phalanges was noted in about half of the mutants. A hydrocephalous condition was
      observed in a few mutants but was not found in normal embryos. The
      chondrodystrophy is caused by an autosomal recessive semi-lethal gene designated
      chm. Only three chm chm individuals have hatched normally but others have been
      assisted out of the shell and have survived for varying periods of time. Of six
      that survived to mature age, all were sterile. A slightly different form of
      chondrodystrophy was observed in medium-weight turkeys from three sources. This
      type, which did not have the missing phalanges or hydrocephalic expression, was
      also caused by a recessive gene which was different from chm. Phenotypically,
      they differed from s s embryos (Asmundson, 1944) by shortening of the beak and
      failure to hatch.

PMID- 674040
TI  - Growth curves and stabilization of fresh vaccine cultures of the Clemson
      University strain of Pastuerella multocida.
AB  - Growth curves at 37 C for the Clemson University strain of Pasteurella multocida
      were about the same in either brain-heart-infusion broth or in a recently
      developed broth called "special broth TV". Counts in both broths were usually
      greater than 1 x 10(9) viable bacteria per ml. With the addition of 5 g of dried
      skim milk to each 100 ml of broth culture in the stationary phase of the growth
      curve, only a slight decrease in viable counts occurred over the next 7 to 14
      days when held at 4 C. Such stabilization of broth cultures of P. multocida gives
      added flexibility to the use of fresh cultures as a live oral turkey cholera
      vaccine.

PMID- 674041
TI  - Dieldrin, Ca and P balance, and characteristics of the egg in the quail (Coturnix
      coturnix japonica).
AB  - A study was made of the Ca and P balance, Ca and P content in the femur, physical
      characteristics of the egg, mineral structure of the shell, and the number of
      eggs in quails treated with dieldrin (20 mg/kg of diet) for 48 days. The diet
      contained 3.24% Ca and 0.72% P. The Ca and P balance, the bone contents of Ca and
      P and the calcemia in the males were not changed by the pesticide. In the
      females, the pesticide decreased the amount of excreted Ca and Ca in the egg, for
      which reason the coefficient of nutritive utilization (CNU), the coefficient of
      corporal retention (CCR), and the Ca level in the femur were greater in treated
      laying quails. The calcemia remained stable, and the balance of P was not
      significantly modified by the dieldrin. The study of weight, size, and strength
      of the egg did not reveal any influence of the dieldrin, and egg production
      fluctuated throughout the test period.

PMID- 674042
TI  - Inhibition of avian mycoplasmal hemagglutination by IgM type antibody.
AB  - Intravenous exposure of turkeys to Mycoplasma synoviae resulted in development of
      hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) activity in serums within 4 days. Treatment with
      2-mercaptoethanol and gel-filtration separation of serum immunoglobulins
      indicated that the activity was due to IgM type antibody. Similar early HI
      activity was demonstrated in serums from turkeys exposed intravenously to
      Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma meleagridis.

PMID- 674043
TI  - Effects of biotin, folic acid, and pantothenic acid on the growth of Mycoplasma
      meleagridis, a turkey pathogen.
AB  - The biotin, folic acid, and pantothenic acid requirements of Mycoplasma
      meleagridis were determined in vitro by examining the growth and survival of the
      organism in the presence of varying concentrations of these factors. Growth and
      survival were also studied in the presence of aminopterin and methotrexate which
      prevent utilization of folic acid, and in the presence of avidin, a known biotin
      antagonist. Whereas pantothenate appeared to have no obvious effect on growth or
      survival, folate was marginally stimulatory at only the highest concentration
      tested. Aminopterin exerted a slight, but not significant, inhibitory effect at
      four of the five concentrations tested. In contrast, the inhibition seen with
      methotrexate increased, dependent on dose. Biotin exerted a pronounced
      stimulatory effect at the two highest concentrations tested. Avidin inhibited
      growth only at one of the concentrations tested; however, this concentration did
      not correspond to the greatest amount of avidin. The possible significance of the
      avidin-biotin relationship to the etiology of Turkey Syndrome 1965 is explored on
      the basis of these in vitro observations and previous in vivo findings.

PMID- 674044
TI  - Ochratoxicosis in White Leghorn hens.
AB  - As ochratoxin-producing fungi are often isolated from poultry feeds and from
      cereals used in compounding these feeds, a study has been made of the effects of
      feeding ochratoxin A (OA) to laying birds. Four groups of White Leghorn hens were
      fed 0, .5, 1, and 4 ppm in the feed respectively. Egg production and feed
      consumption declined in the three groups given OA, while egg and body weight were
      depressed only by feeding higher levels of OA. Fertility and hatchability were
      unaffected by feeding OA. Prothrombin times were increased and total serum
      proteins were decreased after feeding 1 or 4 ppm for six weeks. After the
      withdrawal of the mycotoxin-contaminated feed, OA disappeared from the muscle
      after 24 hr but persisted in liver and kidney for more than 48 hr. No residues
      were found in fat or skin.

PMID- 674045
TI  - The effect of diet on liver glycogen and body composition in the chick.
AB  - Experiments were conducted to study the effects of diet on liver glycogen and
      body composition in the three-week-old chick. When percent protein and percent
      lysine were varied, liver glycogen concentration declined significantly as
      protein and lysine increased, 32.6 vs. 19.4 mg/g for the 14 and 35% protein
      diets, respectively. Carcass fat decreased and carcass moisture increased in a
      pattern similar to glycogen as protein and lysine increased in the diets. When
      seven levels of lysine were fed in isocaloric, isonitrogenous diets, glycogen
      content was not significantly different in any of the treatments. Liver glycogen
      was highest at the lowest energy level when dietary energy was increased and
      protein held constant. Carcass fat varied with the energy level but was also
      influenced by the amino acid balance. The data suggest that percent carbohydrate
      to percent fat ratio in the diet (both calculated) is an important factor
      affecting glycogen, but more research is needed to determine the mechanisms
      controlling the glycogen content of the liver.

PMID- 674046
TI  - Methionine toxicity in chicks and poults.
AB  - In feeding experiments with poults, 2% DL-methionine caused a marked growth
      depression which could be alleviated by the addition of glycine. Homocystine at
      an equimolar level depressed growth to a lesser degree than methionine, and this
      growth depression could be alleviated by glycine. Betaine could alleviate the
      growth depression of homocystine but not that of methionine. Methionine-fed
      poults developed a cervical paralysis similar to that of a folic acid deficiency,
      but the addition of this vitamin at several times the requirement was ineffective
      in counteracting the toxicity of methionine in either chicks or poults.

PMID- 674047
TI  - The protein and amino acid requirements of laying hens: experimental evaluation
      of models of calculation. II. Valine requirement and layer-starter diets.

PMID- 674048
TI  - Muscular dystrophy in broiler breeder hens: effect of temperature.

PMID- 674049
TI  - Glycogen metabolism in the turkey embryo and poult.
AB  - Fertile eggs from Large White turkey hens were classified according to weight at
      time of incubation. Glycogen was measured in the 21-day-old embryo and one-day
      old poult. Liver glycogen was positively correlated with initial egg weight in
      the 21-day-old embryo and negatively related to initial egg weight in the one-day
      old poult. Glycogen recycling was evident in the one-day-old poult. Maximum
      accumulation of 14C-glucose as glycogen occurred 60 min post injection. Liver
      phosphorylase a level was higher in the one-day-old poult than the embryo. Total
      phosphorylase per gram of liver tissue was not different between the two age
      groups. Liver phosphorylase b was subject to conversion to phosphorylase a in
      both age groups. Avian phosphorylase exists in both the active and inactive form.

PMID- 674050
TI  - Utilization of glucose in slices of chick cerebral hemispheres.

PMID- 674051
TI  - Effect of age and sex on the association constant and binding capacity of chicken
      serum for corticosteroid.
AB  - In two experiments, the blood of White Rock chickens was collected at 6 intervals
      from the time they were 2 to 140 days old. The effects of age, sex of the bird,
      and removal of exogenous steroids (stripping) on the association constant (Ka),
      and the binding capacity (CBGBC) for corticosterone in the serum were measured.
      The Ka of the serum declined when the chickens were between 84 and 140 days old.
      Stripping increased the Ka only when all chickens were 2 days old and when the
      females were 140 days old. The CBGBC was highest in all chickens when they were
      28 to 56 days old. In general, CBGBC was higher in serum of males than in that of
      females, but was reduced to a greater extent by stripping in males than in
      females. These results indicate that the bound to free ratio for corticosteroids
      should be highest when the chickens are 28 to 56 days old, when both Ka and CBGBC
      are highest.

PMID- 674052
TI  - Biogenic amine-containing cells in the chicken lung.
AB  - Formaldehyde induced fluorescence was used to identify biogenic amine-containing
      cells in the adult chicken lung. Such cells, found in the parabronchial region,
      are sparsely distributed. There are at least two types of biogenic amine
      containing cells in the lung: one type probably contains serotonin and the other
      a catecholamine. These cells might function as either a humoral or hormonal
      regulator of pulmonary ventilation and perfusion or as a receptor involved in
      control of breathing.

PMID- 674053
TI  - Effect of three lifetime ambient temperatures on growth, feed and water
      consumption and various blood components in male and female Leghorn chickens.
AB  - In two trials, SC White Leghorns were subjected to constant ambient temperatures
      of 21.1, 29.4, and 35.0 C from 2 to 31 or 32 weeks of age. Weekly measurements
      were made of body weight, feed efficiency, water consumption, red blood cell
      count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, total plasma protein, Po2, Pco2, pH, and
      mortality. It was found that the blood picture changes with age, sex, and ambient
      temperature. Age at which sex differences become significant varies with the
      blood component studied.

PMID- 674054
TI  - Necrotic oral lesions in chickens fed diacetoxyscirpenol, T-2 toxin, and
      crotocin.
AB  - One-day-old broiler chicks were fed a diet containing either 5 ppm
      diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), 5 ppm T-2 toxin, 10 ppm crotocin, or a control diet for
      3 weeks. Chicks fed the diet containing DAS and T-2 toxin showed yellowish plaque
      type lesions on the beak, tongue, and angle of the mouth. Crotocin did not cause
      such lesions nor any apparent clinical signs. Chicks fed DAS had the lowest
      weight gain followed by the T-2, crotocin, and control group in that order;
      however, chicks fed crotocin had the poorest feed conversion ratio.

PMID- 674055
TI  - Shell gland oxygen consumption in hens producing eggs of low or high specific
      gravity.
AB  - Oxygen consumption of shell gland lumenal tissue was found to be higher in hens
      producing eggs of high specific gravity (greater than or equal to 1.080) when
      compared to tissue from hens producing eggs of low specific gravity (less than or
      equal to 1.075). Shell gland lumenal tissue oxygen consumption was also greater
      when an egg was in the shell gland as compared to hens with an egg in the magnum
      (9.8 and 8.0 microliter O2/hr/mg tissue respectively).

PMID- 674056
TI  - Procedural modifications for the determination of lead in microquantities of
      blood of young Japanese quail.
AB  - Lead analyses were performed on capillary blood samples from 2-week-old Japanese
      quail, using a standard microprocedure. The difficulties encountered included
      coagulation when the blood aliquot was diluted with Triton X-100, loss of lead
      during the ashing stage, and non-parallel calibration curves. Recommendations to
      overcome these problems are presented.

PMID- 674057
TI  - Histophysiological studies on the postovulatory follicles of the fowl ovary.
AB  - A histochemical study has been made of the postovulatory follicles of fowl
      (Gallus domesticus) during their various stages of development and degeneration.
      The lumen of postovulatory follicle shows granulosa cells at their initial
      formative stages and both thecal and stromal cells at the later regressive
      stages. The granulosa and thecal cells develop diffuse lipoproteins, cholesterol
      positive lipids and various enzyme activities (delta5-3beta-HSDH, NAD-NADP
      diaphorases and alkaline phosphatase), which are indicative of steroidogenesis.

PMID- 674058
TI  - Visual evoked potentials from the superficial Wulst of the cockerel to
      intermittent flash stimulation of various frequencies.
AB  - Averaged visual evoked potentials (VEPs) from the surface of the Wulst and the
      electroretinogram (ERG) were recorded simultaneously in curarized cockerels. The
      polyphasic VEPs were recorded from the dorso-medial region of the Wulst of
      cockerels at 1 Hz stimulation, while the ERG consisted of the a, b, and c waves.
      The late VEPs were markedly attenuated with an increase in the stimulation
      frequency.

PMID- 674059
TI  - Sex-linked dwarfism and response to two Newcastle disease vaccines.
AB  - In a series of battery trials, normal-sized (AG) broiler type and sex-linked
      dwarf chicks (D2) were vaccinated with a double dose of Roakin or LaSota strain
      Newcastle Disease (ND) vaccine, or were challenged with the Gilbert-Boney ND
      virus. The AG chicks developed higher hemagglutination inhibition titers but
      suffered more mortality than the D2 chicks following administration of Roakin
      strain vaccine. Similar percentages of mortality occurred in AG x AG, AG x D2 and
      D2 x D2 male chicks challenged with the Gilbert-Boney ND virus. Results indicate
      that the dwarf strain and the AG x D2 cross strain chicks are no more susceptible
      to ND than the AG strain.

PMID- 674060
TI  - Identification of some new minor acids from chicken skin lipids.
AB  - Lipids from the skin of commercially processed broilers were extracted by Folch's
      technique and analyzed for fatty acids as their methyl esters by gas-liquid
      chromatography/mass pectrometry. Of the 24 fatty acids, identified, 5 had not
      been previously identified in either total chicken skin lipids or skin lipid
      fractions. They are: pentadecenoic acid (15:1), heptadecenoic acid (17:1),
      arachidic acid (20:0), heneicosanoic acid (21:0), and erucic acid (22:1).

PMID- 674061
TI  - Blood plasma constituents in 14-week old hypertensive and hypotensive strains of
      turkeys.
AB  - Plasma inorganic phosphorous, glucose, uric acid, total cholesterol, total
      protein, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), and serum
      glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) were determined in 14-week old turkeys
      from lines genetically determined for high and low blood pressure. The turkeys
      received a commercial grower diet (control), control + 10% animal fat, or control
      + 10% animal fat and 1% cholesterol. Concentrations of uric acid in plasma were
      higher (P less than or equal to .05) in the control-diet group than in the other
      dietary groups, and the high blood pressure line had significantly higher (P less
      than or equal to .05) concentrations of uric acid in plasma than the low blood
      pressure line. Turkeys fed the diet containing added cholesterol had higher
      levels (P less than or equal to .05) of total plasma cholesterol than those
      receiving the other diets. Alkaline phosphatase levels of plasma were
      significantly lower (P less than or equal to .05) in the control-diet group than
      the other dietary groups. There were no other effects within either of the
      genetic blood pressure lines that indicated blood pressure had any influence on
      blood plasma constituents other than uric acid, nor was there any indication that
      dietary treatment had any effect within either blood pressure group. Blood
      pressure and plasma constituents were not correlated.

PMID- 674062
TI  - The effect of glycerol and dilution on the release of glutamic oxaloacetic
      transaminase from chicken spermatozoa.
AB  - Glycerol was added to washed chicken spermatozoa to determine its effect on the
      release of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT). The addition of up to 2.191 M
      glycerol did not cause a release of GOT when it was added as part of the diluent.
      GOT was released, however, following rapid decreases in the glycerol
      concentration of a diluent. The amount of GOT released was related to the rate of
      change in molarity of glycerol.

PMID- 674063
TI  - Interrelationships between diet and elevated temperatures (cyclic and constant)
      on concentrations of progesterone, estradiol-17beta, and testosterone in blood
      plasma of laying hens.

PMID- 674064
TI  - Brain noradrenaline concentration in seizure-prone chicks, Gallus domesticus.
AB  - The mutant, sex-linked recessive px (paroxysm) gene, expressed in female White
      Leghorn chicks (Gallus domesticus), causes  seizures beginning on approximately
      day 9 after hatching. In an attempt to determine possible central nervous system
      involvement in the seizures, brain levels of the putative transmitter
      noradrenaline were assayed. Brains of px chicks and controls (normal female
      siblings) were removed at 7, 14, and 21 days, weighed, and frozen immediately in
      liquid nitrogen for later analysis by the alumina-trihydroxyindoleamine method.
      Noradrenaline was assayed in whole brain and in 4 brain parts: optic lobes,
      brainstem, cerebral hemispheres, and cerebellum. No differences between px and
      controls were found in whole brain or optic lobe levels. Brainstem levels of
      noradrenaline increased significantly with time in both groups, though px
      increases were more rapid. Px chicks at 21 days of age had significantly higher
      levels or noradrenaline in the cerebral hemispheres, while cerebellar levels were
      significantly lower at the same age. The differences found in brainstem,
      cerebral, and cerebellar noradrenaline are of interest as possible explanations
      for the lowered body temperature, hyperexcitability, and lack of motor
      coordination seen in the px chicks.

PMID- 674066
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy of the oviductal mucosa apposing the hen ovum.
AB  - The surface patterns of the chicken hen oviductal mucosa apposing an ovum were
      examined by scanning electron microscopy. The distended infundibular mucosa
      consisted of folds that were separated by interfold spaces of similar width and
      longitudinal orientation. The epithelium, which lined the base of the interfold
      spaces, was nonciliated and appeared to correspond to the glandular grooves,
      which are the sites of sperm storage in the infundibulum. The presence of an ovum
      in the magnum or isthmus resulted in the flattening of the mucosal folds and
      occlusion of the oviductal lumen. The uterine mucosa was slightly compressed when
      apposed to an egg and wide interfold spaces were evident.

PMID- 674065
TI  - Studies on dispersed unincubated chick blastoderm cells. I. Early phases of
      aggregation.
AB  - Early phases of aggregation of dispersed unincubated chick blastoderm cells were
      investigated. Dispersed cells, when maintained in appropriate cultures, began
      adhering to one another almost immediately and eventually formed spherical
      aggregates without any recognizable structures except for occasional blood
      islands, after 24 hr of incubation. The number and size of aggregates derived
      from dispersed cells depended largely upon the speed of rotation and initial cell
      density. Treatment with colchicine (4 microgram/ml) had no apparent effect on
      adhesion of cells, although it yielded smaller aggregates than controls,
      especially after 14 hr of incubation. Direct observation on mitotic activity,
      estimations of cell number and nucleic acid content, and pulse labeling
      experiments with 3H thymidine clearly showed that aggregates were derived
      entirely from adhesion of free cells and/or fusion of smaller aggregates during
      the first 12 to 13 hr of incubation. In addition, all cell types present in the
      unincubated blastoderm contributed to the formation of aggregates, not one
      particular cell type.

PMID- 674067
TI  - Telemetry measured body temperature of domestic fowl at various ambient
      temperatures.
AB  - Adult, male Single Comb White Leghorn chickens (SCWL) were housed unrestrained in
      individual cages in a controlled environment room with a photoperiod of 12L:12D.
      By means of surgically implanted radio transmitter, body temperatures were
      recorded hourly for five consecutive days at each of six experimental
      temperatures: 23, 26, 29, 32, 35, and 38 C. The data were evaluated statistically
      by correlogram, periodogram, and harmonic analysis. Period length of each cycle
      was about 24 hr at all ambient temperatures. No significant differences in deep
      body temperature were observed until the ambient temperature reached 32 C; but
      highly significant increases were detected between 32, 35, and 38 C. Diurnal
      differences in body temperature ranged from .6 to 1.1 C. It has been suggested
      that the body temperature of male chicken may be under the control of a
      biological clock that synchronizes with the solar day.

PMID- 674068
TI  - Relationship between intestinal movements and pancreatic juice secretion in the
      domestic chicken.
AB  - The relationship between the intestinal movements and the pancreatic juice
      secretion in the domestic chicken was studied. The main pancreatic ducts of
      commercial broiler-type chickens 12 to 14 weeks of age were cannulated, and the
      pancreatic secretions were recorded by a drop counter. Balloon catheters for
      monitoring the intestinal movements were implanted in the proximal duodena in the
      same animals. Feeding and drinking activities were monitored by photocells. The
      recordings from the drop counter, the balloon catheter, and the feeding and
      drinking activity monitor were made in relation to the time of day. These
      recordings indicated that the pancreatic secretory rate correlates with the
      pattern of intestinal movements of the proximal duodenum in the domestic chicken.
      The data also suggest the movement of chyme in the duodenum under ad libitum
      feeding conditions to be at a steady state during the light period. During the
      dark period, the intestinal movements and the flow of pancreatic juice are
      intermittent.

PMID- 674070
TI  - Inactivated Newcastle disease vaccines: influence of virus concentration on the
      primary immune response.
AB  - Inactivated vaccines of high potency could play a valuable role in Newcastle
      disease control programs. We determined the influence of virus concentration and
      method of concentration on the immune response of chidkens to inactivated
      vaccines. We used the LaSota strain of virus concentrated by either
      ultracentrifugation of polyethylene glycole precipitation. Virus concentration
      has a significant effect (P less than or equal to .01) on serum antibody levels
      at 2, 3, 4, and 6 weeks after vaccination; but during this same period, the
      antibody response was not significantly influenced by method of concentration.
      Virus concentration increased beyond 2000 hemagglutination units did not
      significantly increase (P greater than or equal to .05) the magnitude of the
      antibody response.

PMID- 674069
TI  - Preliminary observations on northern fowl mite infestations on estrogenized
      roosters and in relation to initial egg production in hens.
AB  - Treatment of normal male Leghorn chickens with doses of estradiol ranging from .1
      to 1.0 mg per week caused only a slight increase in resistance to infestation
      with northern fowl mites. The resistance phenomenon did not increase linearly
      with estradiol dose. Pullets were initially resistant to mite infestation;
      however, susceptibility was noted to increase markedly near the time of initial
      egg-production. These data indicate that sex hormones may be related to mite
      resistance in chickens, but that estrogen alone is probably not responsible for
      the difference in mite susceptibility between male and female birds.

PMID- 674071
TI  - Efficacy of arprinocid (MK-302) against Eimeria species in broilers.
AB  - Eight floor pen trials were conducted to determine the effect of arprinocid on
      the weight, feed efficiency, and histological lesions of broiler chickens exposed
      to coccidiosis. In three trials, the levels of arprinocid were 0, 40, 60, 70, 80,
      and 90 ppm, and in the other five trials, 0, 50, 75, and 100 ppm. Histological
      lesions were significantly (P less than .05) reduced in the medicated birds.
      Weights were not significantly (P less than .05) different between birds given
      40, 60, or 70 ppm in the first series of trials no 50 and 75 ppm drug in the
      second and third series, although in both series the treated birds were
      significantly (P less than .05) heavier than the control birds. Feed efficiency
      was improved by all levels of arprinocid in the first and third series of trials
      and by 75 ppm in the second series.

PMID- 674072
TI  - Lipid metabolism in laying hens. The relationship of plasma lipids and liver
      fatty acid synthetase activity to changes in liver composition.
AB  - Plasma and liver samples were taken from a random sample of caged commercial
      hybrid layer hens which had been in egg production for fifteen months. The
      concentration of plasma and liver lipids and the activity of liver fatty acid
      synthetase (FAS) were measured in laying hens with liver weight of 20 to 53 g.
      Liver total lipid, water, non-lipid, and cytosolic fractions, which are the four
      major liver components, increased linearly with respect to wet liver weight. FAS
      activity increased with all liver components. Accumulation of lipid in the liver
      did not inhibit FAS activity. Total cholesterol, free cholesterol, esterified
      cholesterol, triglycerides, and phosphorous were measured on each plasma sample.
      Multiple regression analysis showed that all plasma lipids, except cholesterol
      esters, were related cubically with increasing wet liver weight and cytosolic
      protein.

PMID- 674073
TI  - Influence of diets containing rye or pectin on the intestinal flora of chicks.

PMID- 674074
TI  - Influence of diet composition on hepatic lipid accumulation and hemorrhages in
      caged layers.
AB  - Four experiments were conducted with commercial strains of White Leghorns.
      Experimental corn-soy diets with (CSW) and without (CS) minor feed ingredients
      significantly elevated liver and plasma lipids when compared to a standard layer
      diet (UGA) used at the University of Georgia. The response was not due to
      difference in vitamin and mineral premix or level of energy and protein in the
      diets. Inclusion of 5% alfalfa in a low protein (13.5%) diet with energy and
      amino acid profile similar to diet CS significantly reduced liver lipid.
      Comparison of diet CS to isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets with 20% brewers
      dried grains, soybean mill feed, or wheat bran showed that layers fed diets with
      these supplements had significantly lower liver and plasma lipids. In all
      experiments a higher incidence of liver hemorrhage was associated with feeding
      the experimental diets CS and CSW. There were no significant differences in egg
      production, egg weight, or body weight change due to dietary treatment in the
      experiments. Results of the experiments show that hens with equivalent ME intake
      and egg output exhibit differences in liver and plasma lipids due to diet
      composition. The data suggest that mill feeds and fermentation by-products
      contain an essential factor for control of lipid metabolism in caged layers.

PMID- 674075
TI  - [Potassium supplements in heart failure (author's transl)].

PMID- 674076
TI  - [Deep vein thrombosis in pregnancy: current concept of diagnosis and treatment
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 674077
TI  - [Cotrimoxazol therapy in urinary tract infection of eldery (author's transl)].

PMID- 674078
TI  - [Practicioner and circulatory arrest (author's transl)].

PMID- 674079
TI  - [Experience in clinical psychotherapy with geriatric patients (author's transl)].

PMID- 674080
TI  - [The pregnancy: maturation crisis for wife and man (author's transl)].

PMID- 674081
TI  - [Acute mountain sickness and high altitude edema (author's transl)].

PMID- 674082
TI  - [Diagnostic and therapeutical problems in patients more than 50 years old
      suffering from intracerebral hematomas due to high blood pressure and
      arteriosclerosis (author's transl)].

PMID- 674083
TI  - [Selected chapters from clinical bacteriology. V. Tularemia].

PMID- 674085
TI  - [Hemoptysis].

PMID- 674084
TI  - [Clopenthixol-decanoate in ambulatory psychiatric (author's transl)].

PMID- 674086
TI  - [Remarks on the therapy of psoriasis, especially by photochemotherapy (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 674088
TI  - [Physicians and the poison information centre (author's transl)].

PMID- 674087
TI  - [Malignant kidney neoplasma detected by radionuclide bone scanning (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 674089
TI  - [Tests with pevisone in outpatients double-blind study including 101 patients
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 674090
TI  - [Anabolic steroids in sport medicine (author's transl].

PMID- 674091
TI  - [Bone-marrow damage by medicaments: diagnostic, therapeutic and prophylactic
      measurements (author's transl)].

PMID- 674092
TI  - [X-ray signs of renal tuberculosis (author's transl)].

PMID- 674093
TI  - [Treatment of dermatomycoses (author's transl)].

PMID- 674094
TI  - [The bacteriological diagnosis of the urinary tract infection and the
      simultaneous examination of sensibility against trimethoprim-sulphametoxazole by
      means of agar slides (bactrim-urotube) (author's transl)].

PMID- 674095
TI  - [Double-blind study of oxetorone in patients with migraine or migrainous headache
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 674096
TI  - [The sick sinus syndrome (author's transl)].

PMID- 674097
TI  - [Clinical problems and basic research in severe burn injuries (author's transl)].

PMID- 674098
TI  - [Decrease in hospitalization rates and public health. About the case of
      pediatrics (author's transl)].

PMID- 674099
TI  - [Hepatotoxic effects of drugs (author's transl)].

PMID- 674100
TI  - [Alcohol induced liver and pancreas diseases (author's transl)].

PMID- 674101
TI  - [Fiber deficiency as a cause of gastrointestinal diseases (author's transl)].

PMID- 674102
TI  - [Actual aspects of the acute virus hepatitis (author's transl)].

PMID- 674103
TI  - Recent time trends in breast cancer incidence.

PMID- 674104
TI  - Time-trend data of breast cancer in Japan: clinicopathological findings.

PMID- 674105
TI  - Epidemiology of breast cancer with special reference to the role of diet.

PMID- 674106
TI  - Volume and hyperplastic lesions of breasts of Japanese women in Hawaii and Japan.

PMID- 674107
TI  - Impact of Westernization on the nutrition of Japanese: changes in physique,
      cancer, longevity and centenarians.

PMID- 674108
TI  - Bilateral breast cancer and familial aggregations.

PMID- 674109
TI  - Screening for hypertension in a middle-aged population in southwest Finland.

PMID- 674110
TI  - Occupational safety and health education in the public schools: rationale, goals,
      and implementation.

PMID- 674111
TI  - Standardization of measurement of smoking rates: recommendations of a workshop
      sponsored by the Union Internationale Contre le Cancer (UICC).

PMID- 674112
TI  - [Study of aeration and temperature effects on the biosynthesis of 5'-inosine acid
      by the Brevibacterium ammoniagenes mutant].
AB  - The biosynthesis of 5'-inosine acid (5'-IMP) by the culture Brevibacterium
      ammoniagenes 225--5 was studied under different aeration conditions. Intensive
      aeration (Kv = 3.6 g O2/l.hr) was found to be necessary for an active build-up of
      5'-IMP. Reduced aeration (Kv = 3.6 g O2/l.hr) caused a decrease in the 5'-IMP
      yield, a simultaneous increase in the hypoxanthine concentration, a reduction of
      cell productivity and a decrease in the glucose transformation to 5'-IMP. The
      temperature of 28 degrees was shown to be optimal for the biosynthesis of 5'-IMP.
      The total build-up of purine derivatives (5'-IMP and hypoxanthine) decreased, if
      the first stage (the stage of hypoxanthine accumulation) or the entire
      fermentation took place at 37 degrees. The temperature rise from 28 to 37 degrees
      at the second stage of fermentation (the stage of 5'-IMP accumulation) resulted
      in a temporal increase in the 5'-IMP synthesis followed by its inhibition. The
      most intensive synthesis of 5'-IMP in the supernatant occurred at 37 degrees and
      pH 7.0-8.0. A short-term heating of the culture liquid (3 hrs at 37 degrees after
      72 hrs fermentation) increased the yield of 5'-IMP during heating and, to the
      greatest extent, bu the end of fermentation.

PMID- 674113
TI  - [Cellulolytic activity of the thermotolerant fungus Aspergillus terreus 17p
      during submerged cultivation].
AB  - It has been demonstrated that the thermotolerant fungus Aspergillus terreus 17P
      can actively grow and produce a complex of cellulolytic enzymes on the dense
      nutrient medium consisting of straw (45%), wheat bran (45%), malt shoots (10%)
      and wet mineral supplements. The cultivation temperature is 40 degrees C, pH--5.6
      -6.0 and humidity of the medium--60--65%.

PMID- 674114
TI  - [Growth efficiency and the specific rate of the yeast Hansenula polymorpha during
      continuous cultivation on methanol].
AB  - The growth of Hansenula polymorpha DL-1 in the chemostat (under methanol
      limitation) and turbidostat was measured. Cultivation with different specific
      rates of growth mu made it possible to determine the maximum yield of biomass
      Ys(max)=0.425 and the level of expendables required to maintain Ms=0.023 hr-1.
      The following parameters describing mu as a function of the concentration of
      methanol S in the fermenter were found: muo=0.154 hr-1 (maximum growth rate),
      Ks=1.31 mg/l, Ki=5.35 g/l. The paper emphasizes a very low value of the
      saturation constant Ks derived from the above experiments and reviews the
      literature data on the kinetic characteristics of various methanol-grown yeast.

PMID- 674115
TI  - [Biological effect of lipid fractions of Actinomycetes].
AB  - Biological activity of lipid fractions of actinomycetes was examined on
      microorganisms and laboratory animals. The anabolic effect of the acetone
      fraction of Actinomyces aurigineus 2377 (on Wistar female rats), anabolic effect
      of sterols of Actinomyces griseus 15 (on chicks), and the high growth stimulating
      effect (up to 40-60%) of sterols of Actinomyces canosus 89 (on rats) were noted.
      The estrogenic effect of sterols of Act. griseus 15, Act. griseus 20 and Act.
      albodenitrificans 13a on the sex system was shown. The antimicrobial properties
      of lipid fractions differed in their selectivity with respect to the test
      organisms and depended also on the actinomycete species and cultivation
      conditions.

PMID- 674116
TI  - [Extracellular lipases of the fungus Rhizopus microsporus UzLT-1].
AB  - Lipase biosynthesis by the fungus Rhizopus microsporus UzLT-1 was investigated.
      Under certain conditions the fungus could produce two forms of extracellular
      lipases. The paper describes the process of purification of the enzyme L-I,N- and
      C-terminal amino acids of the lipases have been determined. Identity of terminal
      amino acids of both enzymes has been demonstrated. It has been shown that both
      forms of lipase from Rhizopus microporus hydrolyze predominantly alpha-ester
      bonds.

PMID- 674117
TI  - [Biochemical activity of lactic acid bacterial lyophilized concentrates obtained
      by continous cultivation].
AB  - Microbiological and biochemical parameters of lactic acid bacterial lyophilized
      concentrates obtained by continous cultivation were investigated during their
      storage at 3 to 5 degrees C. Under these conditions lyophilized bacterial
      concentrates retained high activity for three months and after six months their
      cell survival and biochemical activity decreased by 60--65% on the average.

PMID- 674118
TI  - [Optimization of immobilization conditions for acid proteinase from Aspergillus
      awamori].
AB  - To optimize the immobilization conditions for acid proteinase from Aspergillus
      awamori by covalent binding through glutaraldehyde, experiments were carried out
      using the Box-Wilson method. The optimization process was assessed on the basis
      of absolute activity A, coefficient of activity retention gamma and their product
      A gamma. The following conditions can be recommended: glutaraldehyde
      concentration 50--60 mg/g, enzyme concentration not less than 40 mg/g, time of
      glutaraldehyde treatment 2--2.5 hrs, immobilization time 2 hrs, pH about 4.0, and
      temperature 35--40 degrees C. Under these conditions A=220--230 U/g, gamma = 23-
      24% Agamma = 5,000--6,000.

PMID- 674119
TI  - [Study of volatile substances produced during the melanoidin synthesis in the
      model system: glyceraldehyde + glycine].
AB  - Volatile compounds produced during the synthesis of melanoidins in the model
      system: glyceraldehyde + glycine were studied. The reactions that resulted in the
      formation of melanoidins yielded carbon dioxide and trace amounts of ammonia and
      carbonyl compounds. With a rise in the incubation temperature the browning rate
      and quantities of gaseous substances increased, although there was no correlation
      between the two latter parameters. The experiments with 1-14C- and 2-14C-glycine
      showed that at 80 degrees about 6% and at 37 degrees less than 1% of the amino
      acid degraded to form CO2. The only source of CO2 was the carboxyl group. No
      radioactivity occurred in volatile carbonyl compounds. It is suggested that
      decarboxylation and deamination of the amino acid during its interaction with
      glyceraldehyde do not play an important part in the mechanism of melanoidin
      synthesis.

PMID- 674121
TI  - [Gas chromatographic method for measuring free lysine in the products of
      microbiological synthesis].
AB  - The paper presents a gas chromatography technique for measuring free lysine. The
      technique allows lysine evaluation in the products and semi-products of
      microbiological synthesis for 50--80 min with an error of 4--5%.

PMID- 674120
TI  - [Amino acid composition of Phaseolus aureus L. seeds and seedlings].
AB  - The amino acid composition of seeds and 10-day seedlings of mung bean (Phaseolus
      aureus L.) as well as that of proteins of Ph. aureus seedlings was measured. The
      seedlings were grown under different conditions of nitrogen nutrition in the
      light and in the dark. Ph. aureus seeds showed a high content of some essential
      amino acids. As compared with seeds, the seedlings had higher concentrations of
      aspartic acid and isoleucine and lower concentrations of glutamic acid, lysine
      and histidine. Proteins of Ph. aureus seedlings showed greater amounts of
      isoleucine, phenylalanine, threonine, lysine and lower quantities of glutamic
      acid. Methionine and cystine were limiting amino acids.

PMID- 674122
TI  - [Use of a biological model of isolated overload of the skeletal muscle for
      determination of the effect of anabolic steroids].
AB  - The authors tested a new biological model for the quantitative determination of
      the anabolic effect of steranobols of prolonged action. The principle of the
      method consists in creation of an isolated overload of the skeletal muscles of
      the shin (m. soleus and. m. plantaris) following section of the tendons of their
      synergist--m. gastrocnemius in rats, with the subsequent recording their weight
      gain caused by the administration of anabolic steroid. The method is simple,
      sensitive and permits to use the animals of different weight and sex without
      subjecting them to castration.

PMID- 674123
TI  - [Cortisol metabolism in diabetes mellitus].
AB  - A number of cortizol metabolic indices were examined in 162 patients with
      moderately severe and severe diabetes mellitus of different duration. The
      following disturbances of the hormone metabolism which depended on decompensation
      of the disease were revealed: changes in the rate of cortizol elimination from
      the circulation, the prevalence of compounds with the oxygroup in the 11th carbon
      atom, an increase of the urinary excretion of nonconjugated 17-OCS with a
      relative reduction of excretion of glucoronide fraction and some increase of the
      sulfate fraction content. Possible causes of the detected disturbances and the
      informative character of the method of 17-OCS determination in the urine after
      Silber and Porter in patients with diabetes mellitus are discussed.

PMID- 674124
TI  - [Development of thyroid cancer in persons living in the endemic goiter area].
AB  - The authors analysed the data obtained in examination of 106 patients with
      carcinoma of the thyroid gland residing in the Mountaineous-Altai region endemic
      by goiter. A conclusion was drawn that in the great majority of the aforesaid
      patients an important etiological factor in the development of malignant tumour
      was nodular and diffuse-nodular goiter. In patients with carcinoma of the thyroid
      gland residing the mentioned region the blood iodine, cobalt, and copper content
      was much greater than in healthy persons. Iodine concentration in the tumour
      tissue of the thyroid gland was diminished, and of copper and cobalt--increased
      in comparison with such in healthy tissue. Blood iodine content in patients with
      carcinoma, and iodine in the tumour tissue of the thyroid gland was much less,
      and of copper and cobalt--increased in comparison with such in patients with
      endemic goiter. Deficiency of trace elements (iodine, copper, cobalt) in the
      surrounding environment of the endemic regions of the Mountaneous-Altai and the
      change of their content in the organism of patients with carcinoma of the thyroid
      gland permitted to refer this disease to geographical pathology.

PMID- 674125
TI  - [Sensitivity of the isolated adipose tissue to insulin in patients with insulin
      resistant form of diabetes mellitus].
AB  - A study was made of the sensitivity of the isolated adipose tissue to insulin in
      15 healthy persons, 20-with newly-revealed diabetes mellitus, and in 25-with the
      insulin-resistant form of diabetes mellitus. Adipose tissue was obtained from the
      left inquinal region and was incubated with various insulin concentration with
      the addition of 14C-glucose into the incubation medium, in incubation in buffer,
      without any insulin addition, of the isolated adipose tissue of patients
      suffering from insulin-resistant diabetes, 14C-glucose incorporation into the
      tissue lipids was at the same level as in healthy persons, apparently on account
      of insulin with prolonged action administered previously. The level of adipose
      tissue lipids radioactivity in patients suffering from newly-revealed diabetes
      mellitus and of patients with the insulin-resistant diabetes was the same in
      incubation with the high insulin concentrations (1000 muU/ml), but significantly
      lower than in healthy persons. In incubation of the adipose tissue of the insulin
      resistant patients in the serum of the same patients, the exogenous insulin
      administered to the patients and added in vitro failed to express its biological
      action. A factor preventing the effect of insulin (probably of antibodies of
      significance in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance) is supposed to be present
      in the serum of insulin-resistant patients.

PMID- 674126
TI  - [Blood serum immunoglobulins in thyrotoxicosis].
AB  - Serum immunoglobulin content was determined in 85 patients with thyrotoxicosis
      and in 80 healthy persons by radial immunodiffusion in agar after Mancini by
      means of monospecific antisera (made at the N. F. Gamaleya Institute of
      Epidemiology immunoglobulins of classes G and M. The most pronounced increase was
      noted in patients with severe and moderate thyrotoxicosis.

PMID- 674127
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism].
AB  - A great variety of clinical symptoms makes differential diagnosis of
      hyperparathyroidism difficult (only in 46.5% of patients sent to the clinic with
      the mentioned diagnosis was it confirmed). Complex clinical laboratory, and
      roentgenological examination of the patients permit to confirm or refute the
      diagnosis. Of the greatest significance in the differential diagnosis of
      hyperparathyroidism are blood serum phosphorus content, phosphorus reabsorption
      index, and a test with parathyrodin.

PMID- 674128
TI  - [Clinical use of Soviet-made human somatotropin preparation. 1. Dynamics of
      physical development].
AB  - Human somatotropin preparation made in the USSR was used under clinical
      conditions. Treatment was instituted to 28 patients with various forms of nanism;
      observation period--up to 18 months. The preparation proved to be effective in
      hyposomatotropic hypophysial and cerebral nanism.

PMID- 674129
TI  - [Gonadotropic function of the pituitary gland and the antigonadotropin activity
      in healthy girls].
AB  - This clinical and laboratory investigation is devoted to the study of the levels
      and correlation between the total gonadotropins and antigonadotropin factors
      excreted in the urine of 10-18-year-old girls. There was found a correlation
      between the excretion of total gonadotropins and the concentration of their
      inhibitors. Periods of the greatest fall of the antigonadotropin level
      corresponded to the peaks of gonadotropin activity.

PMID- 674130
TI  - [Virilizing granulosa-cell tumors of the ovaries].
AB  - On the basis of the results of morphological and histochemical study of two
      malignant granulosa cell tumours removed in women with the virile syndrome the
      author came to the conclusion that theca-tissue was a necessary structural
      component of such tumours. Theca cell component can be expressed to a different
      extent, but its cells, in contrary to the cells of the prevailing ganulosa cell
      component of such tumours, possessed a high enzymatic activity providing the
      processes of the steroid hormone biosynthesis, and contained lipids intimately
      connected with these processes. These data permit to regard the theca cell
      component of malignant granulosa cell tumours as the main source of hormones
      produced by such tumours.

PMID- 674131
TI  - [Unusual hyperpigmentation syndrome (the "girdle syndrome")].

PMID- 674132
TI  - [Study of differences between the central and peripheral action of hormones].
AB  - Experiments were conducted on rats. The effects of hormones administered into the
      IV ventricle (central action) and intramuscularly (peripheral action) were
      compared. In studying the excitability of the hypothalamus, gonadotropic activity
      of the hypophysis, the structure of the adenohypophysis and the ovaries, and also
      of the homeostatic mechanisms realizable in compensatory hypertrophy of the
      ovaries there were revealed significant differences in the results of action of
      the same hormone with different methods of its administration.

PMID- 674133
TI  - [Relationship between prolactin and serum proteins. 1. Protein-bound hormone
      protected from biodegradation in the kidneys].
AB  - The authors studied binding of prolactin labeled with 125I in the blood of rats
      and lactating goats. Not over 20% of the hormone was bound in vitro the first 5
      to 10 min of incubation with the blood serum, and a complex with molecular weight
      of 200 000 appeared which was similar to that formed in vivo. With a longer
      incubation 125I-prolactin was bound in serum macroglobulin fraction; this was not
      observed in vivo. Blood protein-bound prolactin retained its immunological
      activity. Monomeric hormone was absorbed in the kidneys and the mammary glands,
      with the subsequent rapid degrading. Blood protein-bound prolactin was not
      absorbed in the kidneys, and was present in the mammary glands in small amounts
      only.

PMID- 674134
TI  - [Study of "bound insulin" of the blood sera of blood/donors and patients with
      diabetes mellitus by circular dichroism].
AB  - Circular dichroism was applied to the study of the structure of the insulin
      transferrin complexes ("bound insulin") isolated from the blood sera of donors
      and patients suffering from diabetes mellitus of moderate severity. There proved
      to be a considerable (in comparison with the normal) reduction of the alpha-helix
      areas in the "bound insulin"molecule of the patients. A comparative study of the
      circular dichroism spectra in the area of absorption of aromatic amino acids
      permitted to suppose that the structural changes of the molecule of a complex
      isolated from the blood sera of patients could not be explained by alterations in
      the area of the aromatic amino acids.

PMID- 674135
TI  - [Effect of acid polysaccharides on the corticosteroid biosynthesis].
AB  - Repeated administration of carboxymethylchitin and chondroitinsulfate to rats in
      doses of 20 and 120 mg/kg/24 hours led to reduction (by 40-55%) of the rate of
      aldosterone and 18-oxycorticosterone biosynthesis by the rat adrenal glands in
      vitro. Carboxymethylcellulose, algin and hyaluronic acid displayed no inhibitory
      effect. In case of a single administration of carboxymethylchitin to rats (50
      mg/kg) inhibition of the rate of aldosterone and 18-oxycorticosterone
      biosynthesis was seen 48 hours after the administration of the preparation and
      lasted four days. No inhibitory effect was induced by the addition of 10 mg/kg of
      acid polysaccharides into the incubation medium of the adrenal glands.

PMID- 674136
TI  - [Hemostasis and blood coagulation system in endemic familial erythrocytosis].

PMID- 674137
TI  - ["Inhibitory" form of hemophilia in children].

PMID- 674138
TI  - [Morphological criteria for evaluating the "age" of thrombocytes].

PMID- 674139
TI  - [Deglycerinization of frozen erythrocytes preserved at ultralow temperatures by
      means of salt solution washing].

PMID- 674140
TI  - [Permanent hereditary neutropenia (Kostmann's disease)].

PMID- 674141
TI  - [Combination of hemophilia A and isoimmune thrombocytopenia in a newborn infant].

PMID- 674142
TI  - [Use of various plasma-substituting solutions in surgical treatment of lung
      cancer].

PMID- 674143
TI  - [Characteristics of transfusion therapy in lung surgery].

PMID- 674144
TI  - [Ways of decreasing the blood transfusion volume in operations on the lungs and
      mediastinum].

PMID- 674145
TI  - [Hyperimmune antistaphylococcal plasma in complex treatment of staphylococcal
      infection in burns].

PMID- 674146
TI  - [Characteristics of microbial autoflora in acute leukemia treated under
      conditions of aseptic hospital ward].

PMID- 674147
TI  - [Sanitary condition of the aseptic ward in the hematological clinic (data of the
      microbiological study)].

PMID- 674148
TI  - [Mechanism of formation of the blastomogenic metabolite of tyrosine - P
      hydroxyphenyllactic acid in hemoblastoses].

PMID- 674149
TI  - [Aseptic ward in a hematological clinic and the principles of work in it].

PMID- 674150
TI  - [Laboratory-clinical substantiation of permissibility of blood preparation on
      preservatives without levomycetin].

PMID- 674151
TI  - [Diagnostic value of thrombodynamic potential in blood coagulation disorders].

PMID- 674152
TI  - [Current principles of provision of blood transfusion in lung surgery].

PMID- 674153
TI  - [Methods of reducing the postoperative blood loss in mitral valve prosthesis].

PMID- 674154
TI  - [Disorders of acid-base equilibrium and of the protein-electrolyte makeup of the
      blood serum and their pathogenetic correction in operations on the heart].

PMID- 674155
TI  - [Infusion therapy of shock and acute toxemia in multifactor lesions in burn
      patients].

PMID- 674156
TI  - [Characteristics of the plasma of convalescent burn patients].

PMID- 674157
TI  - [Theraputic effectiveness and the effect on the microcirculation of different
      blood substitutes in the terminal phase of experimental traumatic shock].

PMID- 674158
TI  - [Principles of component hemotherapy].

PMID- 674159
TI  - [Procoagulant and fibrinolytic activity of the ultrastructures of the aortic
      intima normally and in blood loss].

PMID- 674160
TI  - [Transport and thromboresistant properties of hydrated cellulose-based
      hemodialysis membranes].

PMID- 674161
TI  - [Biochemical and morphological parallels in the bone tissue of virtually healthy
      persons of different ages].

PMID- 674162
TI  - [Role of the blood kinin system in the pathogenesis of hemorrhagic manifestations
      in acute leukemia].

PMID- 674163
TI  - [Value of serological studies for the characteristics of the course of
      tuberculosis].

PMID- 674164
TI  - [Erythrocytic enzymes in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis complicated by
      chronic cor pulmonale].

PMID- 674165
TI  - [Chemiluminescence of the blood serum in diagnosis of drug hypersensitivity].

PMID- 674167
TI  - [Complex treatment of the tuberculosis with ultrasonics and tuberculin under
      sanatorium conditions].

PMID- 674166
TI  - [Treatment of tuberculosis and concomitant diseases at a sanatorium].

PMID- 674168
TI  - [Copper and manganese metabolism in tuberculosis of the solitary kidney in the
      preoperative and immediate postoperative periods].

PMID- 674169
TI  - [Trace element content in the blood and lung tissue in active pulmonary
      tuberculosis].

PMID- 674170
TI  - [Detection and diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in elderly persons].

PMID- 674171
TI  - [Oxidative phosphorylation in the liver in benemycin poisoning].

PMID- 674172
TI  - [Method of determination of local reaction to tuberculin in mice].

PMID- 674173
TI  - [Changes in the bronchi of patients with infiltrative tuberculosis].

PMID- 674174
TI  - [Intratracheobronchial administration of soliutizon in the treatment of bronchial
      tuberculosis].

PMID- 674175
TI  - [2 cases of progressive interstitial pulmonary fibrosis].

PMID- 674176
TI  - [Direct causes of patient disability in respiratory organ tuberculosis].

PMID- 674177
TI  - [Epidemiological hazard of pulmonary tuberculosis patients over 50].

PMID- 674178
TI  - [Hormonal activity of the thyroid gland in pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 674179
TI  - [External respiratory function in middle-aged and elderly pulmonary tuberculosis
      patients].

PMID- 674180
TI  - [Respiration mechanics in pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 674181
TI  - [Inelastic respiratory resistance in pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 674182
TI  - [Basis for zonography in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 674184
TI  - [Rehabilitation of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in a rural locale].

PMID- 674183
TI  - [Role of angiography in the differential diagnosis of intrathoracic abscesses in
      tuberculous spondylitis].

PMID- 674185
TI  - [Diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis].

PMID- 674186
TI  - [State of the endometrium in genital tuberculosis].

PMID- 674187
TI  - [Interrelationship between complement activity and the monocytic reaction].

PMID- 674188
TI  - [Carbohydrate metabolic indices in animal BCG vaccination].

PMID- 674189
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of destructive tuberculosis and lung cysts].

PMID- 674190
TI  - [Unilateral lesion of the intrathoracic lymph nodes in sarcoidosis].

PMID- 674191
TI  - [Student participation in tuberculosis health education work].

PMID- 674192
TI  - [Problem of the timely detection of respiratory organ tuberculosis].

PMID- 674193
TI  - [X-ray picture of involution of a tuberculous cavern during chemotherapy].

PMID- 674194
TI  - [Surgical treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis patients over 60].

PMID- 674195
TI  - [Indications for the surgical treatment of newly detected destructive pulmonary
      tuberculosis].

PMID- 674196
TI  - [Surgical treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis and of diseases of the abdominal
      cavity organs].

PMID- 674197
TI  - [Preoperative preparation of patients with chemical agents used by the method of
      permissible concentrations].

PMID- 674198
TI  - [Postoperative pulmonary atelectasis in tuberculosis].

PMID- 674200
TI  - [Respiratory insufficiency as a clinical physiological concept].

PMID- 674199
TI  - [Prognosis of acute postoperative respiratory and cardiac insufficiency in
      pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 674201
TI  - [Functional indices of external respiration and the cardiovascular system in
      fibrous-cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 674202
TI  - [Respiratory mechanics in pulmonary tuberculosis complicated by chronic cor
      pulmonale].

PMID- 674203
TI  - [State of the cardiac lymphatic system in pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 674204
TI  - [Electron microscopic and histochemical study of experimental lipid pneumonia].

PMID- 674205
TI  - [Determination of isoniazid in urine by a polarographic method].

PMID- 674206
TI  - [Broncholithiasis in phthisiosurgical practice].

PMID- 674207
TI  - [Case of pulmonary aplasia].

PMID- 674208
TI  - [Case of a true tracheal bronchus].

PMID- 674209
TI  - [Vacuum aspiration patient transporting rig].

PMID- 674210
TI  - [Work capacity dynamics in patients operated on for pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 674211
TI  - Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid as a laryngeal problem.

PMID- 674212
TI  - Acute central cervical spinal cord injury.

PMID- 674214
TI  - Impressions of the British National Health Service.

PMID- 674213
TI  - Selective screening for glaucoma.

PMID- 674215
TI  - Magnetic microspheres: a model system of site specific drug delivery in vivo.

PMID- 674216
TI  - Effect of ouabain on skin and skeletal muscle vascular beds in the dog forelimb.

PMID- 674217
TI  - In vitro chemotaxis of mouse bone marrow neutrophils.

PMID- 674218
TI  - Effect of parturition time on the response to neonatal androgen in female rats.

PMID- 674219
TI  - The growth-promoting activity of several lipid-related compounds in the free
      living nematode Caenorhabditis briggsae.

PMID- 674220
TI  - The effects of haloperidol on ouabain cardiac inotropy and toxicity.

PMID- 674221
TI  - Inhibitory effect of renin extracts upon urinary kallikrein excretion.

PMID- 674222
TI  - Fetal hemopoietic tissue differentiation and response by erythropoietin
      stimulation in an in vivo culture system.

PMID- 674223
TI  - Competition between apo and holo transcobalamin II (TC-II) for the TC-II mediated
      uptake process.

PMID- 674224
TI  - Glycosaminoglycan changes in healing myocardial infarction.

PMID- 674226
TI  - Cardioacceleration by atrial pacing and transmural metabolite levels in the
      canine left ventricle.

PMID- 674225
TI  - Effects of Rathke's pouch mesenchymal cells on growth hormone and prolactin
      release from pituitary clonal cells.

PMID- 674227
TI  - Pregnancy: its effects on blood pressure, heart rate and sympatho-adrenal
      activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

PMID- 674228
TI  - Further enhancement by tryptophan of hepatic protein synthesis stimulated by
      phenobarbital or cortisone acetate.

PMID- 674230
TI  - Influence of pregnancy and postpartum period in vitro incorporation of dl-valine
      1-14C into oviducal and uterine protein.

PMID- 674229
TI  - The effects of fasting, diabetes, and hypophysectomy on rat adipose pyruvate
      kinase.

PMID- 674231
TI  - Sister chromatid exchange induced by promutagens/carcinogens in Chinese hamster
      cells cultured in diffusion chambers in mice.

PMID- 674232
TI  - Compensatory growth in the rat kidney: effect on collagen mass.

PMID- 674233
TI  - Effects of copper and zinc status of rats on erythrocyte stability and superoxide
      dismutase activity.

PMID- 674234
TI  - Role of manganese, bilirubin and sulfobromophthalein in manganese-bilirubin
      cholestasis in rats.

PMID- 674235
TI  - Skeletal muscle fiber size and capillarity.

PMID- 674236
TI  - Independent effects of human platelet growth factor and hydrocortisone on acetate
      incorporation by GM-237 human fibroblasts.

PMID- 674237
TI  - [Glycyrrhizic acid determination in Radix liquiritiae with high pressure liquid
      chromatography (HPLC)].

PMID- 674238
TI  - [Patent blue V dye for hemoglobin determination in bone marrow cells].

PMID- 674239
TI  - [Spectrophotometric determination of condurangin].

PMID- 674240
TI  - [Experimentation on isolated mouse trachea of two preparations intended for nasal
      mucosa].

PMID- 674241
TI  - [Liver cirrhosis].

PMID- 674242
TI  - [Steroid hormone receptors. Cellular communication systems].

PMID- 674243
TI  - [Injections and cannulations].

PMID- 674244
TI  - Marijuana: an analysis of storage and retrieval deficits in memory with the
      technique of restricted remiding.

PMID- 674245
TI  - Amphetamine-induced hypodipsia and its implications for conditioned taste
      aversion in rats.
AB  - According to the conditioned anorexia hypothesis, conditioned taste aversions
      occur when flavour stimuli are classically conditioned to the anorexigenic or
      hypodipsic effects of drugs. The effects on water intake of a range of doses of
      amphetamine and of several related compounds have therefore been examined in an
      attempt to correlate their known potentices in tate aversion experiments with
      their hypodipsic potencies (+)-Amphetamine was more potent than (-)-amphetamine
      in suppressing water intake but under similar experimental conditions, the
      isomers were equipotent in the conditioning of taste aversions. Methamphetamine
      and p-chloromethamphetamine were equipotent in suppressing water intake, but the
      latter was a more potent agent for conditioning taste aversions. Furthermore,
      fenfluramine produced taste aversions at doses well below those which suppressed
      water intake. It was concluded that the ability of the drugs to induce taste
      aversion was not related to their unconditioned, hypodipsic effects. However, it
      was confirmed that when drugs with different durations of action are compared for
      anorexic or hypodipsic potency, the outcome can be greatly influenced by the time
      over which measurements are made.

PMID- 674246
TI  - Nicotine and schedule-induced drinking in rats.
AB  - In the first experiment 4 rats developed schedule-induced water drinking during
      daily 1 hr sessions of a fixed-time 1 min schedule of food pellet delivery.
      Injections of a range of doses (0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mg/kg) of nicotine
      hydrogen tartrate were found to produce a dose related attenuation of water
      intake. The higher doses also reduced the numbers of entries into the food tray
      in three rats, while the lowest dose consistently facilitated this behavior in
      the same animals. In a second experiment schedule-induced water drinking
      developed in 4 other rats under a similar schedule. Substitution of nicotine
      solution (0.05 and 0.1 mg/ml) for the water reduced volumes of fluid consumed.
      However, schedule-induced drinking continued at a rate sufficient for the animals
      to ing-st average doses of the nicotine salt of up to 8.5 mg/kg. It is concluded
      that schedule-induced drinking can be used successfully as a method of inducing
      self-administration of nicotine by rats.

PMID- 674247
TI  - Influence of prenatal and postnatal lead exposure on discrimination learning in
      rats.
AB  - The animals in this study were the offspring of dams, who, from 21-99 days of
      age, were exposed to 1000 mg/kg of lead acetate via a daily restricted watering
      schedule with exposure continuing throughout gestation and nursing. Control dams
      received distilled water under the same watering schedule. Offspring were weaned
      at 21 days of age and did not received lead treatment from that point. Testing
      began at 30 days of age with animals receiving 10 trials/day for 10 days on a
      brightness discrimination task conducted in a water-escape T-maze. This task was
      followed by a shape discrimination problem in the same apparatus. Analysis of
      results revealed that the lead-exposed pups made significantly more errors than
      the controls but had significantly shorter swimming times on both the brightness
      and shape discrimination tasks. The failure to attend to relevant discriminative
      cues may account for the observed deficits in lead-exposed animals.

PMID- 674248
TI  - Conditioning under carbolonium bromide and D--tubocurarine chloride paralysis.
AB  - The findings of past research using d-tubocurarine chloride as a control
      procedure in heart rate conditioning have been equivocal. The present experiment
      compared classical heart rate conditioning under neuromuscular blockade by d
      tubocurarine chloride, and a pharmacologically more specific blocker, carbolonium
      bromide. Both groups were compared to a placebo condition. The results indicated
      that carbolonium bromide and placebo treated animals acquired deceleratory
      cardiac conditional responses, but animals treated with d-tubocurarine chloride
      did not. Unconditional acceleratory responses were found in groups. The findings
      were discussed in relation to classical conditioning and the psychopharmacology
      of neuromuscular blockade.

PMID- 674249
TI  - d-Amphetamine unmasks postnatal consequences of exposure to methylmercury in
      utero: methods for studying behavioral teratogenesis.

PMID- 674250
TI  - Thermoregulation in the rat: deficits following 6-OHDA injections in the
      hypothalamus.
AB  - Bilateral microinjections of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) were made in a volume of
      0.5--0.75 microliter through chronically implanted cannulae into anterior
      hypothalamic, preoptic loci. Sites were selected at which 1.0 to 12.5 microgram
      of norepinephrine (NE) had previously elicited a fall in the rat's body
      temperature. After 2.0 to 6.0 microgram of 6-OHDA were injected in the same
      volume at the same loci, a comparable hypothermia ensued. When the rats were
      exposed repeatedly for one-hour intervals to an environmental temperature of
      either 35.0 degrees C or 8.0 degrees C, they were unable to thermoregulate
      against the heat and their colonic temperature rose. In some experiments, the
      rats also failed to defend adequately against the cold ambient temperature, but
      mainly following the microinjection of the higher doses of 6-OHDA . The intakes
      of food and water were generally suppressed; this was accompanied by a transient
      decline in body weight. Overall, the severity, duration and direction of the
      thermoregulatory impairment depended upon the anatomical site of injection and
      the dose regimen of the neurotoxin employed. These results offer further evidence
      that an intact catecholaminergic pathway within the anterior hypothalamus is
      required for the rat's physiological control of heat loss in a warm environmental
      temperature.

PMID- 674251
TI  - Some behavioral effects of suppressing choline transport by cerebroventricular
      injection of hemicholinium-3.
AB  - Evidence supports the proposition that the high affinity Ch uptake system
      associated with cholinergic nerve terminals can be the rate limiting step in the
      synthesis of the neurotransmitter, acetylcholine. The present experiment was
      designed to test the hypothesis that variations of the system would be reflected
      selectively in changes of conditioned avoidance behavior. HC-3, which primarily
      affects the high affinity component of Ch transport thus reducing endogenous
      levels of ACh and the synthetic capacity of cholinergic nerve terminals, was
      administered cerebroventricularly at 5 doses ranging from 0.0 (saline control) to
      10.0 microgram. Whole brain ACh levels determined by GCMS analysis following
      microwave fixation ranged from 25.0 to 5.0 nmol/g-1. Trend analyses demonstrate a
      precise dose dependent relation between neurochemical and behavioral variables:
      median trials to condition increased as ACh level decreased. More detailed
      analyses of the results lead to the interpretation that suppression of high
      affinity Ch transport in brain is associated with deficiencies in the use of
      information and not with sensory input and storage nor with motor output.

PMID- 674252
TI  - Atropine methyl nitrate inhibits sham feeding in the rat.
AB  - Atropine methyl nitrate inhibited sham feeding of a liquid diet in a dose-related
      manner. Identical doses of atropine methyl nitrate had no effect on sham drinking
      of water. This differential effect is evidence that the inhibition of sham
      feeding was not due to peripheral anticholinergic disruption of licking,
      salivating or swallowing. The results suggest that peripheral blockade of
      cholinergic receptors of the muscarinic type is a mechanism for eliciting satiety
      for food in the rat.

PMID- 674253
TI  - Marihuana and mood in human volunteers.
AB  - Fifteen adult male marihuana smokers volunteered to live on a hospital research
      ward for a 31-day study which included a five-day baseline, a 21-day marihuana
      smoking period and a concluding five-day baseline. Subjects rated their moods and
      level of intoxication each day at scheduled occasions. Analyses of variance
      indicated a significant trend in the mood ratings which increased slightly in the
      euphoric direction just before smoking marihuana (compared to routine ratings)
      and further increased slightly after smoking marihuana. Level of intoxication
      ratings and mood ratings were not significantly correlated, but an intoxicated
      subject's mood ratings were significantly correlated with the average mood
      ratings of other subjects intoxicated or not. The results suggest that marihuana
      may increase a person's susceptibility to the moods of others and the feeling of
      being in harmony with others may be a positive reinforcer.

PMID- 674254
TI  - Effects of quipazine on behavior under a multiple schedule of reinforcement.
AB  - The effects of three doses of quipazine (1.0, 5.0 and 10.0 mg/kg) on the
      performance of rats under a multiple fixed-ratio 15 fixed-interval 60-sec
      schedule of food reinforcement were examined. In the absence of drug, response
      rates under the fixed-ratio component were much higher than response rates under
      the fixed-interval component. Rates under the fixed-ratio component were
      decreased by quipazine in dose-dependent fashion, while response rates under the
      fixed-interval component were increased by the lowest dose and decreased by the
      two higher doses of the drug.

PMID- 674255
TI  - Behavioral activation by enkephalins in mice.
AB  - Intraventricular injection of long lasting enkephalin analogues (D--Ala2Leu and
      Met enkephalin-amides) produced a sustained elevation of psychomotor activity in
      mice. The motor syndromes were characterized by continual stereotyped activity
      and were reversed by naloxone pretreatment. Naloxone administered to a separate
      group of mice reduced the initial activation seen after exposure to a novel
      environment. The present findings suggest one or more endogenous opiates normally
      facilitates behavioral excitation in mice.

PMID- 674256
TI  - Antagonism of ethanol-evoked responses by amantadine: a possible clinical
      application.
AB  - The behavioral and biochemical effects of amantadine hydrochloride (ATD) on some
      ethanol (ETOH) mediated responses in rats and mice were studied. Administration
      of ATD, 0.5 mM/kg IP, prior to a narcotic dose of ETOH significantly decreased
      the central depressant action of ETOH, as measured by the duration of ETOH
      produced narcosis in mice. The time required for the onset of ETOH-narcosis was
      significantly delayed in ATD-treated mice compared to controls. Analyses of whole
      blood and brain ETOH concentrations showed that ATD-treatment prior to ETOH
      significantly reduced brain content of ETOH from saline-pretreated mice at the
      time of onset of ETOH narcosis as well as 30 min after ETOH injection without
      concomitant change in blood ETOH concentrations at the respective time intervals.
      Administration of ATD 0.5mM/kg IP, reduced voluntary intake of ETOH by rats
      voluntarily selecting 5% ETOH solution over water as the drinking fluid. There
      were no changes in cytoplasmic rat liver alcohol dehydrogenase (L-ADH) and
      mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (L-ALDH) activities in rats maintained  on
      water or 5% ETOH as the drinking fluid and administered ATD, 0.5 mM/kg IP, once
      or identical dose once daily for six consecutive days. However, ATD produced in
      vitro non-competitive inhibiton of both L-ADH and L-ALDH at a concentration range
      between 10(-3) M and 3 x 10(-3) M assay mixture. The results indicate the potency
      of ATD in negating ETOH-mediated responses measured and suggest for a possible
      clinical trial for ATD in the management of alcoholic patients provided it is
      devoid of disulfiram-like reaction in man.

PMID- 674257
TI  - Method for the rapid determination of norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin in
      the same brain region.
AB  - A method is presented for the fluorometric analysis of norepinephrine dopamine
      and serotonin. This procedure is a combination of an unpublished catecholamine
      assay developed by Hogans and of the o-phthaldialdehyde serotonin reaction
      reported by Maickel and Miller [9]. This procedure should greatly facilitate the
      correlation of neurotransmitter levels in brain regions with changes in behavior
      produced by experimental manipulations.

PMID- 674258
TI  - Effects of methadone on behavior maintained by fixed ratio reinforcement
      schedules.
AB  - The effects of subcutaneous injections of methadone hydrochloride (0.75mg, 1.5mg
      and 2.5mg/kg) on lever pressing maintained by fixed ratio schedules of
      reinforcement were examined in C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice. Response output over a
      30 min session decreased as a function of increasing drug dose when reinforcement
      was delivered for every 5 responses. Increasing the response to reinforcement
      ratio from 5 to 20 in a second experiment doubled and nearly quadrupled
      responding by DBA and C57 mice, respectively. Injecting animals maintained on
      this schedule with methadone reduced responding to the same extent as that
      observed in the first experiment when response rates were lower. Hence, these
      experiments provide no support for the effect of methadone being rate-dependent.
      In both experiments methadone disrupted responding of DBA more than that of C57
      mice. This finding is consistent with a previous report that other narcotic
      analgesics were more potent analgesics for DBA than for C57 mice. From these
      studies it appears that the opposite changes in locomotor activity upon an
      exposure to narcotic analgesics does not generalize to behavior under control of
      reinforcing stimuli; and that both the effects obtained in the present study and
      the analgesic action are dissociated from the effects of these drugs on locomotor
      activity.

PMID- 674259
TI  - Alcohol consumption in rats treated with lithium carbonate or rubidium chloride.
AB  - Wistar-NTRU rats, offered a free choice between tap water and a 10% ethanol
      solution (v/v) in the absence of reinforcement, were injected for five days with
      Li2 CO3, RbCl or placebo. Lithium-treated group consumed 25% more liquid per day
      but chose to take 14.5% less alcohol than controls (p less than 0.05). By
      contrast, rubidium-treated animals consumed 15% less liquid but 70% more alcohol
      than control animals (p less than 0.005). Rubidium-treated rats were strikingly
      more active than the other two groups: their motility index was 60.0 as compared
      to 33.6 for lithium-treated and 29.4 for control rats. Serum glucose and urea
      nitrogen concentration were not significantly affected by the treatment but serum
      alcohol content was low in lithium-treated and high in rubidum-treated animals.

PMID- 674260
TI  - Psychotropic drugs and Sidman avoidance in rats: IRT distribution changes.
AB  - The effects of d-amphetamine, caffeine, chlorpromazine, diazepam and and
      pentobarbital on Sidman avoidance responding (R-S interval, 30 sec; S-S interval,
      3 sec) in rats, especially on the interresponse time (IRT) distribution, were
      studied. d-Amphetamine and caffeine increased the total number of responses.
      Short IRTs were increased, while longer ones were decreased. Chlorpromazine,
      diazepam and pentobarbital all increased the number of shocks delivered. After
      chlorpromazine, no marked change was observed in the total number of responses.
      However, response bursts and escape reponses increased, while IRTs between 3 and
      30 sec decreased. After diazepam and pentobarbital, the burst response scarcely
      increased, and the IRTs in the 3-15 sec range decreased, while the IRTs longer
      than 33 sec increased. These changes were more marked after diazepam than after
      pentobarbital. Total number of responses was decreased by both drugs. The present
      results suggest that in utilizing the Sidman avoidance procedure for psychotropic
      drug assessment, changes in the IRT distribution give a more precise profile of
      the drug than is afforded by the total number of responses and shocks delivered.

PMID- 674261
TI  - 6-Hydroxydopamine induced catecholamine depletion and passive avoidance learning
      in rats.
AB  - Rats were injected with 6-hydroxydopamine either intracisternally,
      intraperitoneally, or both, in order to examine the effects of central vs.
      peripheral catecholamine depletion on a step-down passive avoidance task. All
      rats acquired the response at the end of the five asquisition trials but the
      rates of acquisition of the drug-treated groups were siginificantly different
      from the control group. No significant difference in the performance results were
      observed between groups during the extinction period. These findings failed to
      confirm the hypothesis that an intact central and/or peripheral catecholaminergic
      systems may be necessary for the acquisition and extinction of a step-down
      passive avoidance response. In addition, this study also showed that plasma
      corticosterone levels in the rats depleted of central or peripheral catecholamine
      did not differ significantly from each other after passive avoidance training.

PMID- 674262
TI  - Effect of pimozide on the improvement in learning produced by self-stimulation
      and by water reinforcement.
AB  - When rats self-stimulate immediately after the training trial of an appetitive
      task their performance on a retention test is improved the next day. In the
      present study, this improvement was blocked by pretraining injections of
      pimozide, a dopaminergic blocker. In a second experiment, injections of pimozide
      retarded learning on the same task when the learning was reinforced by drinking
      water, but had no effect on learning which occurred in the absence of a
      reinforcer. The data made the hypotheses that the animal's behavior was a result
      of an action of primozide on sensory or motor mechanisms, or that the drug
      produced state-dependent effects, highly unlikely. We concluded that neural
      systems involving dopamine mediate an effect of reinforcing events on behavior.

PMID- 674263
TI  - Behavioral effects of chronic oral administration of levo-alpha-acetylmethadol in
      the rat.
AB  - levo-alpha-Acetylmethadol was orally administered via a sucrose solution to rats
      in their drinking water for 24 days. A control group received only sucrose.
      Bodyweight and fluid consumption were monitored daily. The behavioral effects
      during chronic drug administration and during eight days of withdrawal were
      studied using behavior controlled by a fixed-interval schedule of food
      reinforcement. Body weights of treated animals remained stable during drug
      administration but decreased by approximately 25% during withdrawal. There were
      no significant differences in volume of fluid consumed by the two groups.
      Response rate and number of reinforcements were decreased during drug
      administration. During withdrawal, response rates were greater than pre-drug
      control rates.

PMID- 674265
TI  - Delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol enhancement of lordosis behavior in estrogen treated
      female rats.

PMID- 674264
TI  - Effects of prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor, indomethacin on estrogen- and
      estrogen plus progesterone-induced sexual receptivity in ovariectomized rats.
AB  - Implants of crystalline PGE2 in the basal preoptic-anterior hypothalamic areas
      stimulates high levels of sexual receptivity in ovariectomized, estrogen-primed
      rats. Indomethacin, which blocks the synthesis of PGE2 failed to inhibit either
      estrogen- or estrogen plus progesterone-induced receptivity. Neither
      intracerebral nor subcutaneous administration of indomethacin diminished the
      display of steroid induced reproductive behavior without also causing a
      depression in open-field activity, and in some cases, causing gastrointestinal
      problems and even death. These results suggest the prostaglandin synthesis is not
      a required step in the mechanism by which estrogen and progesterone exert their
      behavioral effects. The possibility that PGE2 and LH-RH synthesis and/or release
      might contribute to a collateral mechanism for the induction of sexual
      receptivity was discussed.

PMID- 674266
TI  - Effect of ethanol on cardiac function in rats genetically selected for their
      ethanol preference.
AB  - The heart rate of male ANA (Alko, Non-alcohol) and AA (Alko, Alcohol) rats was
      significantly increased after peroral administration of 2.7 g ethanol/kg, but the
      tachycardia was of shorter duration in ANA rats, which avoid the drinking of
      ethanol solution. The PR intervals in the electrocardiograms of ANA rats became
      significantly longer than those of AA rats when 13.5 g ethanol/kg was given. The
      QT intervals were likewise longer in the electrocardiograms of ANA rats, but
      before as well as after the administration of ethanol. The results suggest that
      intracardiac conduction is more depressed by acute ethanol in the ANA than the AA
      strain of rats.

PMID- 674267
TI  - 2-Deoxy-D-glucose induced feeding: relation to diet palatability.
AB  - Adult male rats fed either ground Purina Laboratory Chow or the same diet
      adulterated with 0.5% quinine hydrochloride were tested for feeding in response
      to the administration of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG). Three doses of 2-DG were used,
      250, 500 and 750 mg/kg of body weight. During a six-hr test period, rats given
      ground Purina Laboratory Chow ate significantly more following intraperitoneal
      (IP) injections of 250 and 500 mg/kg of 2-DG than following IP injections of
      physiological saline. Food intake of animals given Purina Chow also increased
      after administration of 750 mg/kg of 2-DG but intake was not significantly
      different from that following saline injections. In contrast to rats maintained
      on the unadulterated diet, rats given quinine-adulterated chow did not increase
      intake over saline values during the six-hr test period following administration
      of 250 and 500 mg/kg of 2-DG, and actually decreased intake after injection of
      750 mg/kg of 2-DG. Results are discussed with respect to the role of diet
      palatability in determining food intake in hungry animals.

PMID- 674268
TI  - Time course of protection from audiogenic seizures by glucose and insulin in
      audiogenically primed C57BL/6J mice.
AB  - Glucose and insulin injections both decrease seizure susceptibility in C57BL/6J
      mice subjected to audiogenic priming at 16 days of age and tested at 21 days of
      age. These data support an hypothesis of defect in immediately available energy
      reserves in brains of audiogenic seizure prone mice.

PMID- 674269
TI  - D-Proline: stereospecificity and sodium chloride dependence of lethal convulsant
      activity in the chick.
AB  - Two- and five-day old chicks were injected intraventricularly with D-proline and
      structurally related compounds. D-proline produced convulsions and lethality, but
      was non-amnestic, whereas the naturally-occurring isomer, L-proline, was non
      convulsant and non-toxic but amnestic. D-proline convulsions were accompanied by
      decreased high frequency in the EEG and increased slow wave activity. High
      amplitude spiking was not observed. The lethality of D-proline was saline
      dependent. Control experiments ruled out possible toxic factors such as
      hypertonicity, pH pyrogens, injection volume, or needle misplacement. The results
      demonstrate that saline and distilled water are not equivalent injection
      vehicles. A sodium-free vehicle may lead to artifacts but is advantageous in
      experiments in which amino acid transport must be minimized.

PMID- 674270
TI  - [Synthesis of N-amidinobenzyl derivatives of salicylamide, 2,4-dioxodihydro-5,6
      benzoxazine-(1,3) and -benzothiazine-(1,3) and of 2,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4
      tetrahydroquinazoline].

PMID- 674271
TI  - [The preparation of 2-hydrazino-3-arylquinzolones-(4)--synthesis of compounds
      with an aminoguanidine structure].

PMID- 674272
TI  - [Cyclic ketals. 8. Derivatization of 2,2-disubstituted 5-hydroxymethyl-1, 3
      oxathiolanes].

PMID- 674273
TI  - [Synthesis and antiviral effect of substituted 5-ureido and 5
      thioureidobenzimidazole derivatives].

PMID- 674274
TI  - [Synthesis of 3- and 4-amidinobenzaldehyde hydrochloride].

PMID- 674275
TI  - [Synthesis of new s-triazolo (1,5-a)pyrimidines].

PMID- 674276
TI  - [Comparative studies on the quantitative determination of epinephrine hydrogen
      tartrate in the presence of its decomposition products. 2. The stability of
      phenylalkylamines].

PMID- 674277
TI  - [The radiographic crystallinity determination of polyethylenes and
      polypropylenes. 1. The method. 30. Problems in filling of plastic containers for
      liquid pharmaceutical preparations].

PMID- 674278
TI  - [In vitro liberation of drugs from bead polymerizates on a polyacrylate base].

PMID- 674279
TI  - [Biopharmaceutical study of sulfadimidine-containing suppositories].

PMID- 674280
TI  - [Problems in the optimal use of celluloses as adjuvants in tablet composition. 1.
      Motivation and structure of general and special experimental plans].

PMID- 674281
TI  - [The occurrence of non-volatile organic acids in cultures of Trichophyton
      mentagrophytes (Robin) Blanchard. 9. Chemical and physiological--chemical studies
      on dermatophytes, also 31. Chemistry and physiology of metabolic chemically
      important acids].

PMID- 674282
TI  - [Isolation of 3-O-D-glucopyranosyl oleanolic acid 28-O-D-xylo-pyranoside from
      Eryngium bromeliifolium Delar. 29. Constituents of some Saniculoideae].

PMID- 674284
TI  - [Isolation of stigmast-4-ene-3,6-dione from Hamelia patens and Clitoria
      ternatea].

PMID- 674283
TI  - Chemical shift parameters of the methine proton in the NMR spectra of 4.4-diaryl
      2.3-dihalogenoisocrotonic acids with antineoplastic activity.

PMID- 674285
TI  - [Phase transfer catalytic alkylation of 1,2,3-benztriazole].

PMID- 674286
TI  - [Endogenous substances of Kickxia spuria (L.) Dum].

PMID- 674287
TI  - [Isolation of flavone compound's frrom Lomatogonium carinthiacum (Wulfen) Rchb].

PMID- 674288
TI  - Spectrophotometric determination of some cupric salts.

PMID- 674289
TI  - Volumetric determination of ethambutol hydrochloride.

PMID- 674290
TI  - [The photometric determination of brilliant green].

PMID- 674291
TI  - [The stability of pholedrin. 3. The stability of phenylalkylamines].

PMID- 674292
TI  - [Extraction of physiologically active substances from plant raw materials by
      means of electric discharges].

PMID- 674293
TI  - Transport mechanism of some naturally occurring tetracyclines across everted rat
      gut.
AB  - Naturally occurring tetracycline antibiotics were tested for active transport in
      a standard everted rat gut preparation. The ratio of drug concentrations between
      serosal and mucosal solutions was measured as well as the rate of transport at
      different mucosal concentrations. Although a ratio of near unity was demonstrated
      by all the antibiotics, indicating passive transport, the rate of transport was
      linear only at low concentrations. A mechanism of more than simple diffusion was
      suggested. A carrier with limited capacity present in the intestinal tissue might
      be responsible for the transport of these antibiotics.

PMID- 674294
TI  - [Relationships between the structure and carcinostatic effect of p-benzoquinone
      hydrazone derivatives in experimental murine leukemia L 1210].

PMID- 674295
TI  - [MO calculations of the electronic structure and properties of adrenochrome
      derivatives. 17. MO calculations of heterocyclics].

PMID- 674297
TI  - [The antimicrobial effect of adipic dialdehyde].

PMID- 674296
TI  - Protective effects of a series of new pyridinium derivatives against inhibition
      of acetylcholinesterase by fluostigmine.
AB  - The protective effects of a series of new pyridinium derivatives against
      inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) by fluostigmine was studied in vitro on
      human erythrocytes. It was stated that some of these compounds exhibit protective
      action for AChE against inhibition by fluostigmine. The best protective index had
      N-methyl-4-[gamma-pyridyl]-pyridinium iodide.

PMID- 674298
TI  - [Isolation of 6-hydroxyluteolin-7-O-glucoside from Lomatogonium carinthiacum
      (Wulfen) Rchb].

PMID- 674299
TI  - [Determination of potassium iodate in Oculoguttae Kalii iodate SR 75 using
      various methods].

PMID- 674300
TI  - [4-Aryl-5-oxo-1-thioxo-1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-s-triazolo[4,3-a]-quinazolines and
      derivatives. 2. Synthesis of compounds with an aminoguanidine structure].

PMID- 674301
TI  - [1,5-Dioxo-4-aryl-2,4,5-tetrahydro-s-triazolo[4,3-a]-quinazolines and 1
      ethoxycarbonylmethyl-4-aryl-s-triazolo[4,3-a]-quinazolones-(5). 3. Synthesis of
      compounds with an aminoguanidine structure].

PMID- 674302
TI  - [A new photometric method for determination of mephenytoin].

PMID- 674303
TI  - [Thin-layer chromatographic separation of isomeric cresols, xylenols, and 1- and
      2-naphthols as coupling products with diazotized 4-benzoylamino-2,5
      diethoxyaniline (fast blue salt BB)].

PMID- 674304
TI  - [Drugs and the organism--introduction to pharmacokinetics and biotransformation].

PMID- 674305
TI  - [Radiographic determination of polyethylene and polypropylene crystallinity. 2.
      The effect of pharmaceutically relevant factors on the crystallinity index of PE
      and PP plastic containers. 31. Problems of filling plastic containers for fluid
      drug preparations].

PMID- 674306
TI  - [Complex formation in calcium preparations].

PMID- 674307
TI  - [Synthesis of some 1,2-di-O-hexadecylglycerophosphoric acid propyl esters].

PMID- 674308
TI  - The scope of the reactions of hydrazines and hydrazones. Part 4: Trisubstituted
      pyrazoles of possible hypoglycemic and antibacterial activity.
AB  - Condensation of ethyl 2,4-dioxo-6-phenyl hex-5-enoate (1) with 4-substituted
      sulphamyl phenylhydrazines (2) led to 1-aryl-3-ethoxycarbonyl-5-styrylpyrazoles
      (3) which on hydrolysis gave 1-aryl-5-styrylpyrazole-3-carboxylic acids (4) and
      upon permanganate oxidation gave 1-aryl-3-ethoxycarbonylpyrazole-5-carboxylic
      acids (5). Similar condensation of hydralazine (6) with (1) gave the
      corresponding pyrazole (7) which on hydrolysis gave the acid 8.

PMID- 674309
TI  - [Preparation of 2,4-dithioxooctahydroquinazolines and thioxothiazolo- (or
      thioxothiazino-) (2,3-b)- and -(3,2-c) quinazolines substituted at position 3
      (Transformation of 2,4-dithioxo-4H-1,2,5,6,7,8-hexahydro-3,1-benzothiazine with
      nucleophiles)].

PMID- 674310
TI  - Synthesis of some naphthylazosulphur compounds structurally related to certain
      antibilharzial drugs.
AB  - The synthesis of 5,5'-Bis[4-(N-mono and disubstituted aminoethylamino)
      naphthylazo]-2.2'-dipyridyldisulphides has been achieved by the coupling of 2.2'
      dipyridyldisulphide-5.5'-tetrazonium chloride with different N-mono and N.N
      disubstituted N'-1-naphthylethylenediamines.

PMID- 674311
TI  - [Thiolophilic aryl-substituted maleinimide derivatives].

PMID- 674312
TI  - [Modification of amino acids and peptides. 8. Modification of amino acids and
      peptides with a 2-((alpha-amino)-p-nitrobenzylidene)-1,3-indandione residue].

PMID- 674313
TI  - Studies in potential organo-fluorine antibacterial agents. Part 1: Synthesis and
      antibacterial activity of some fluorinated arylsulfonylthiosemicarbazides and
      Arylsulfonylhydrazones.
AB  - A series of fluorinated arylsulfonylthiosemicarbazides and arylsulfonylhydrazones
      has been synthesized. A representative number of the synthesized compounds have
      been screened for their antibacterial activity but none of the compounds showed
      significant activity.

PMID- 674314
TI  - [Alkali catalyzed hydrolysis of some succinimides].

PMID- 674315
TI  - [The stability of papaverine. 1. Qualitative identification of secondary
      papaverine degradation products].

PMID- 674316
TI  - [Membrane electrodes with tetraphenylborate for certain basic drugs and their
      practical use].

PMID- 674317
TI  - [The effects of some factors on the rate of the in vitro release of active
      substances from depot tablets. 3. The release rate of tetracycline hydrochloride
      from layered and nonlayered depot tablets].

PMID- 674318
TI  - [Problems concerning the optimal use of celluloses as adjuvants in tabletting. 2.
      Insertion characteristics of certain adjuvants with the use of regression
      models].

PMID- 674319
TI  - [Membrane diffusion of homologous organic salts of tridihexethyl].

PMID- 674320
TI  - A simple method to obtain an approximate solution of the Free-Wilson model.
AB  - A method is proposed which yields an approximate solution of the Free-Wilson
      model very rapidly without using a computer. Although the resulting group
      contributions are numerically somewhat different from the exact Free-Wilson
      solution they correctly reflect the relative order of the substituents with
      respect to their effect on biological activity within each position as well as
      the relative importance of different positions. Thus, the approximate results can
      well be used to select the most promising candidates for further synthesis and
      testing.

PMID- 674321
TI  - [Growth and glycoside formation in callus cultures and tissues of various organs
      of Digitalis purpurea L].

PMID- 674322
TI  - Distribution and accumulation of alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus G. Don during
      development.
AB  - Pattern of the total alkaloids distribution and accumulation in Catharanthus
      roseus G. Don was investigated during six different stages of flowering and
      fruiting. The highest concentration of alkaloids (mg perivine/g dry weight) was
      found in the roots at the start of flowering and the minimum in the stems during
      full fruiting stage; the rate of alkaloidal accumulation in the leaves, stems and
      roots tended to decrease during fruit maturation. The most active stage of
      alkaloidal biosynthesis was at the start of flowering in all vegetative organs.
      The maximum dry weights of leaves, stems and roots were obtained during the start
      of fruiting. The weights of flowers and fruits were relatively very small during
      different developmental stages. Harvesting Catharanthus roseus should best be
      carried out at the full-flowering stage to obtain the optimum yield of total
      alkaloidal content of leaves, stems and roots (as mg perivine/total dry weight of
      each organ per plant).

PMID- 674323
TI  - Comparative study of the condensation of (--)-ephedrine and benzaldehyde.

PMID- 674324
TI  - Synthesis of rothindin--a new isoflavone glucoside from Rothia indica Linn.

PMID- 674326
TI  - A simple thin-layer chromatography method for separating the ergot alkaloids.

PMID- 674325
TI  - Synthesis of a new tranquilizer.

PMID- 674327
TI  - Abnormal behaviour of 4-arylthiosemicarbazides.

PMID- 674328
TI  - A new rapid spectrophotometric method for the determination of theophylline,
      dyphylline and khellin in some pharmaceutical preparations.

PMID- 674329
TI  - [The preparation and properties of glycosides with cytotoxic aglycones and
      disaccharides in the sugar moiety].

PMID- 674330
TI  - [Preparation of 6-mercaptopurine glucuronides. 1. CMT selection--syntheses].

PMID- 674331
TI  - Studies in potential organo-fluorine oral hypoglycemic agents. Part 6: Synthesis
      and biological activities of some fluorinated 2-arylsulfonamido-5-alkyl-1.3.4
      thiadiazoles.
AB  - Forty new fluorinated 2-arylsulfonamido-5-alkyl-1.3.4-thiadiazoles have been
      synthesized and a representative number of synthesized compounds have been
      screened for their hypoglycemic activity and some other types of biological
      activities.

PMID- 674332
TI  - [Synthesis of 3-[amidinophenyl]-1,2-diphenyl-3-chloropropanone-(1)
      hydrochlorides].

PMID- 674333
TI  - Synthesis of some newer imidazolines as cardiovascular agents.

PMID- 674334
TI  - [Synthesis, structure and cytokinin-like activity of N-alkyl- and phenyl-N' 
      halogenophenylthioureas].

PMID- 674335
TI  - [The debenzylation of 4-[2- or 4-nitrobenzylamino]benzoic acid methyl ester].

PMID- 674336
TI  - [1H-NMR-studies. Use of trichloroacetyl isocyanate in structural analysis of
      secondary steroid alcohols. 47. Steroids].

PMID- 674337
TI  - The use of Fourier functions to eliminate interferences in spectrophotometric
      analysis (theory and application).
AB  - The basic principle for the use of Fourier functions in spectrophotometric
      analysis is discussed. Fourier function coefficients are linearly related to
      concentration and are associated with relative standard deviations of less than
      1%. The proper choice of function and range, number of points and the
      transformation of an absorption curve are discussed. New trigonometric functions
      are derived to correct for linear irrelevant absorption. The method is
      illustrated by the determination of progesterone and testosterone propionate in
      oily solutions without prior chromatography. The results obtained are compared
      with those obtained using orthogonal polynomials.

PMID- 674338
TI  - Application of Henderson equation for the determination of weakly acidic
      pharmaceutical compounds. Part 1: Determination of sulfathiourea.
AB  - A new method based on the Henderson equation is proposed for the determination of
      sulfathiourea. The determination is achieved in mixed organic solvent/water
      media. To apply the Henderson equation, the dissociation constant (pKa) of
      sulfathiourea in such media should be known. Thus, the values of pKa as function
      of the composition of the media have been determination potentiometrically
      according to Albert and Serjeant. Equations have been derived to calculated the
      pKa of sulfathiourea in any medium. The pKa of sulfathiourea in water and the
      other solvents, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol and acetone, are reported. The
      proposed method is simple and rapid and gives reliable results. The mean percent
      recoveries of the powder in 50% solvent: methanol, ethanol, isopropanol and
      acetone are: 97.87 +/- 1,30, 100.85 +/- 1.35, 102.01 +/- 1.39 and 99.35 +/- 0.29
      respectively. For the tablets, the mean percent recovery in 50% acetone is 97.95
      +/- 0.60. The mean percent recovery of added standard sulfathiourea to the tablet
      powder is 101.55 +/- 0.83.

PMID- 674339
TI  - [The effects of different types of ointment bases on the percutaneous transport
      of a water soluble active principle in vivo].

PMID- 674340
TI  - [The effects of cellulose ethers on the properties of furosemide tablets].

PMID- 674341
TI  - Long acting methadone formulations.
AB  - Studies conducted in this laboratory have indicated the feasibility of producing
      long-acting methadone tablets. In examining further, methadone hydrochloride
      suspensions were developed using spermaceti or eudragit retard-1 for particle
      coating. These procedures involved the addition of the active compound
      (methandone hydrochloride) to: a) melted spermaceti which was dried, and the
      dried mixture was pulverized and added to a methyl cellulose water solution;
      afterwards wild cherry syrup was added to the suspension, and b) Eudragit retard
      1 crystals which were pulverized, dissolved in acetone/isopropanol (1:1) solvent
      system, dried, and to this product again the suspending agent methyl cellulose
      was added followed by wild cherry syrup to produce suspensions containing 10, 20,
      and 30 mg/ml methadone. These formulations were further used for in vivo studies,
      in male albino rats of Wistar strain. The pain threshold method was utilized in
      order to determine the duration of methadone. Over 75 h resistance to pain was
      recorded. Using the same technique, suspensions of methadone-naloxone
      combinations and the salts methadone-alpha-naphthalenesulfonate and methadone-o
      benzoylbenzoate were prepared and examine similarly.

PMID- 674342
TI  - Spectrophotometric determination of papaverine, theophylline, and phenobarbitone
      in some pharmaceutical preparations.

PMID- 674343
TI  - Isolation of two flavone glycosides from the fruits of Cuminum cyminum L. grown
      in Egypt.

PMID- 674344
TI  - N-[2-(2-Heptyloxyphenylcarbomoyloxy)-ethyl]-piperidinium chloride, heptacaine, a
      new local anaesthetic.

PMID- 674345
TI  - [Gaspotentiometric determination of oxygen permeability in polyethylene bottles.
      35. Problems in filling plastic drug containers in the pharmacy].

PMID- 674346
TI  - [Synthesis of some 4-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazoline-3-carboxylic acid derivatives].

PMID- 674347
TI  - [Thiocyanatochromium(III) complexes in chemical analysis. 36. Oxidometric and
      spectrophotometric determination of chlorpromazine with thiocyanatochromium(III)
      complexes].

PMID- 674348
TI  - Samarium as a tool in studies on the responsiveness of the isolated guinea pig
      ventral taenia coli to barium.
AB  - The responsiveness of isolated guinea pig ventral taenia coli to barium in
      polarized (Ringer-Tris medium) and depolarized (Ringer-KCl medium) preparations
      was assayed in the presence of samarium (Sm3+, 6 or 8 X 10(5) M). No difference
      in EC50 or maximal response was observed between polarized and depolarized
      preparations (p greater than 0.05). The lower Sm3+ concentration increased Ba2+
      EC50 in both experimental conditions (p less than 0.05) although no alteration
      was observed as to the maximal response (p greater than 0.05). On the other hand,
      maximal tension was strongly reduced by the higher Sm3+ concentration in
      polarized preparations (p less than 0.01) while a potentiation of the maximum
      response was observed on the depolarized tissues (p less than 0.05). A possible
      role for calcium ions in the mediation of the effects is suggested.

PMID- 674350
TI  - Effect of promethazine on human polymorphonuclear chemiluminescence.
AB  - The effect of promethazine on the metabolic responsiveness of human
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes to opsonized zymosan was evaluated by
      chemiluminescence (CL) assay under the following situations: (1) preincubation of
      granulocytes with promethazine; (2) simultaneous addition of zymosan and
      promethazine, and (3) addition of promethazine after initiation of phagocytosis
      and CL. The presence of promethazine inhibited light emission in all cases. The
      data suggest that promethazine interferes with the generation and/or subsequent
      activity of those reactive forms of oxygen which contribute to CL.

PMID- 674349
TI  - Interactions of calcium, prostaglandins and indomethacin on the smooth muscle of
      the bladder.
AB  - The effects of prostaglandin (PG) E2, PGF2alpha and indomethacin (Indo) were
      studied on isolated detrusor smooth muscle strips in balanced salt solution and
      in 80 mMK+ depolarizing solution. The addition of Indo to the smooth muscle
      preparation at concentrations of 0.1 to 1.0 micronM produced depression of
      spontaneous motility that was partially antagonized by PGE2 or by elevating the
      extracellular Ca2+ level. Alone, both PGE2 and Ca2+ caused a marked increase in
      motility, increasing both frequency and amplitude. In low Ca2+, K+ depolarized
      bathing medium with 0.1 mM EGTA added PGE2 or PGF2alpha augmented Ca2+
      contractures both in velocity and amplitude while either PG without Ca2+ had no
      effect on the smooth muscle. Indo produced a noncompetitive antagonism of the
      Ca2+ dose response curve in 80 mM K+ depolarized preparations suggesting a direct
      effect on Ca2+ flux. Also Indo depressed both PG and Ca2+ contractures in terms
      of velocity and magnitude, suggesting that Indo may act at Ca2+ channels in
      addition to its action on PG synthetase. These data support the work of others
      who suggest that PGs may augment Ca2+ permeability, acting at the Ca2+ channel or
      as a carrier for Ca2+ across smooth muscle cell membranes.

PMID- 674351
TI  - [The effects of imipramine and lofepramine on EEG and their dependence on
      relative alpha-intensity (author's transl)].
AB  - The effects of imipramine (single dose of 100 mg orally) and lofepramine (single
      dose of 140 mg orally) in comparison to placebo on the EEG power spectra were
      examined in 24 non-selected healthy male volunteers. All subjects received the
      three drugs in a completely counterbalanced sequence. On the basis of their
      relative alpha-intensity the Ss were divided in two groups of 12 Ss each (high
      and low alpha-intensity). Two-way analyses of variance were computed for the
      absolute power in the alpha-, beta-, delta- and theta-frequency-bands. Imipramine
      increased the intensity of the delta-, theta- and beta-frequency-bands and
      decreased the power in the alpha-band. Lofepramine increased the intensity of the
      beta-band. The effects of imipramine and lofepramine are dependent on the
      relative power in the alpha-band of the Ss.

PMID- 674352
TI  - [Renal toxicity of lithium in therapeutic doses (author's transl)].
AB  - Two cases of acute nephrotic syndrome, occurring in patients treated with lithium
      in monitored therapeutic doses, are described. They each made a full recovery. A
      kidney biopsy, carried out in one case, disclosed normal tissue. Up to now, only
      a small number of comparable cases have been described in the literature.
      Pathological kidney changes appear to be more frequent with toxic serum lithium
      levels, i.e. greater than 2 mmol/l. However, it remains at the present time an
      open question as to what proportion of such cases are a consequence of primary
      renal pathological lesions and what proportion are otherwise caused. All
      published types of kidney dysfunctions in relationship to treatment with
      therapeutic doses of lithium are discussed in connection with the cases observed.

PMID- 674353
TI  - Unresponsiveness of catatonic symptoms to naloxone.
AB  - A case report of a catatonic patient is presented. Because of the similarity of
      catatonia to the animal behavior produced by intracerebral administration of beta
      endorphin, an endogenous opioid, naloxone was administered. No effect was
      observed with naloxone, whereas both amobarbital and diazepam were able to
      reverse catatonic behavior. Testing of catatonic patients with naloxone may help
      further elucidate naloxone's reported anti-psychotic properties.

PMID- 674354
TI  - [Studies on the long acting neuroleptic agent flupenthixol decanoate--a review
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The development of long acting neuroleptic agents is considered as important
      progress in the treatment of schizophrenic psychoses. An outline of
      pharmacological and clinical results with flupenthixol decanoate is given.
      Special attention is paid to pharmacokinetics, the methods for determining plasma
      concentration, to the profile of action and duration of action, to other dosage
      as well as to safety. Importance is also placed on the possible use for
      prophylaxis of affective psychoses.

PMID- 674355
TI  - Disturbances of liver function of long acting neuroleptic drugs.
AB  - In a study in 97 patients on the occurrence of disturbances of liver functions by
      use of long acting neuroleptic drugs (fluphenazine decanoate, flupenthixol
      decanoate and fluspirilene) no indications were found that these agents, even in
      relatively high dosages, are hepatotoxic. Furthermore, in 40% of the patients
      slight disturbances were found, which nevertheless, were not specific in nature,
      and mostly concerned the turbidity tests. In spite of these findings a regular
      control (for instances, once a year) of the liver functions in patients with long
      acting neuroleptic drugs seems to be called for.

PMID- 674356
TI  - Dose outside the treatment volume for irradiation with negative pions.
AB  - Irradiation of humans with negative pions requires a knowledge of the absorbed
      dose and radiation quality outside the primary pion beam. In conjunction with
      early clinical trials at LAMPF, experimental data have been obtained with
      microdosimetric techniques and multiwire proportional counters. Theoretical
      calculations have been made for the neutron contribution to the dose and are
      consistent with these data. Measurements were made with in 40 cm x 51 cm x 76 cm
      water phantom for a negative pion beam of initial momentum of 170 MeV/c, deltap =
      +/- 3MeV/c. The absorbed dose outside the treatment volume is the result of: (1)
      neutrons and photons from the pion interactions,(2) treatment room background and
      (3) peripheral muons, electrons and pions in the primary beam. The first two
      components are nearly isotropic and are congruent to 0.02% of the peak dose at a
      distance of 24 cm from the treatment volume; the third component is anisotropic
      and varies from 0.01 to 0.1% of the peak dose. Collimation of the bean increases
      the dose outside the treatment volume typically by 50%.

PMID- 674357
TI  - Dosimetric properties of neutron beams from the D--D reaction in the energy range
      from 6.8 to 11.1 MeV.
AB  - The tissue kerma in air, the tissue dose at maximum build-up, the relative depth
      dose on the central axis and the dose build-up characteristics were measured for
      neutrons produced by 6.8, 8.9 and 11.1 MeV deuterons on deuterium. The neutron
      beams were produced by a variable-energy cyclotron with a fully stopping
      deuterium gas target 20 cm long. Measurements were made in a 11.1cm x 11.1 cm
      field 126 cm from the target entrance window. The dose rate was found to increase
      rapidly with energy from 0.07 rad min-1 microamperemeter-1 at 6.8MeV to 0.35 rad
      min-1 muA-1 at 11.1 MeV. The entrance dose is about 50% of the dose maximum for
      each bombarding energy. The depth of the 95% dose level in the build-up region
      increased from 50 mg cm-2 at 6.8 MeV to 90 mg cm-2 at 11.1 MeV. The penetration
      was independent of the bombarding energy in the region investigated. Attenuation
      of the total dose to 50% of the maximum occurred at 10.2 +/- 0.1 g cm-2 for all
      three bombarding energies. The dose at the maximum is typically 14% higher than
      the tissue kerma in air.

PMID- 674358
TI  - Comparison of the stopping cross-sections of ethylene and polyethylene using
      alpha particles in the energy range 1.5--4.2 MeV.
AB  - In order to design reliable gas-filled dosemeters it is necessary to have
      knowledge of the ratios of the stopping powers of various solids and their
      gaseous equivalents. This paper describes the measurement of the stopping cross
      sections of ethylene and its polymer polyethylene using alpha particles, and
      compares the measurements with results published by other workers. The results
      indicate that there is no difference between the two sets of values, within the
      quoted errors. Reasons are suggested to account for part of the discrepancy
      between our results and those of others for thin solid sample measurements.

PMID- 674359
TI  - Similarity treatment of phase effects in stopping power of low energy heavy
      charged particles.
AB  - Bragg's additivity rule is the basis for calculating stopping powers of compounds
      from data on their constituent elements. Major assumptions in applying it are
      that chemical binding and the physical state of the stopping material have
      negligible influence on the slowing down process. The fragmentary and, at times
      conflicting evidence for phase effects for low energy heavy charged particles is
      summarised. A detailed survey of published stopping powers has been made and the
      information grouped according to target medium and phase. Each group has been
      fitted to universal curves of Lindhard type with the object of separating phase
      contributions to stopping. Least square fits have been made to each set of data.
      From these a quantitative measure of the effect is obtained and presented as
      stopping power ratios (vapour/condensed phase). From the experimental evidence
      available, it is concluded that phase effects do occur, decreasing the stopping
      power in solids and liquids as compared to the corresponding vapours, and are
      thought to be due largely to changes in electronic excitation levels as the phase
      is changed, combined with a physical-state dependence of the effective ion change
      at low energies. Magnitudes of the stopping power ratio deviate from unity by up
      to approximately 25%, but have significant associated errors, pointing to need
      for more accurate stopping power measurements.

PMID- 674360
TI  - The feasibility of using a liquid-filled Cerenkov counter of gamma-ray counting
      of large samples.
AB  - The feasibility of detecting gamma rays with energies below 1.5 MeV by means of a
      large-volume liquid-filled Cerenkov counter has been examined, together with the
      characteristics and limitations of an experimental counter. Various liquids
      (water, glycerol, sodium iodide solution; and glycerol plus a wavelength shifter)
      were investigated as possible Cerenkov media. A rectangular counter containing
      1.2 liters of the latter medium could detect 10 nCi of 58Co or 59Fe at 10 cm in a
      counting time of 1000 s.

PMID- 674361
TI  - The noise power spectrum in computed X-ray tomography.
AB  - An expression is derived showing that the two-dimensional noise power spectrum of
      computed X-ray tomography is proportional to [G(k)]2/k where k is the radial
      spatial frequency and G(k) is the one-dimensional corrective filter used in the
      filtered back-projection reconstuction technique. It is shown that predicted
      noise power spectra compare well with those estimated from CT reconstructions of
      simulated noise for both the ramp filter and the Hanning-weighted ramp filter. A
      consequence of the non-uniform shape of the noise power spectrum is that
      statistical noise in CT reconstructions is correlated from point to point.
      Because of this correlation when the reconstructed CT values are averaged over
      some region, the uncertainty of the average depends on the shape of the region as
      well as its area. This dependence is confirmed by computer simulations.

PMID- 674362
TI  - A multiwire proportional gamma camera for imaging 99Tcm radionuclide
      distributions.
AB  - A gamma camera made of multiple multiwire proportional chambers with thin
      converter foils has been evaluated for clinical application. Results are
      presented from a small prototype (10 cm x 10 cm)showing good imaging of 99Tcm
      radionuclide distributions and comfirming the predictions of the theory regarding
      quantum efficiency and spatial resolution. The technique is especially aimed at
      creating a gamma camera with an active area greater than or approximately equal
      to 1 m2, a quantum efficiency of 15% and a spatial resolution approximately 3 mm,
      to be applied in whole body scanning and tomographic applications. The results
      generated by the current prototype indicate that the above requirements can be
      met using relatively cheap mass production techniques from the electronic
      industry. This apparatus is covered by patent applcation number 26595/77.

PMID- 674363
TI  - Photostimulated thermoluminescence of Al2O3 (Si, Ti) and its application to
      ultraviolet radiation dosimetry.
AB  - Intrinsic photostimulated thermoluminescence (PSTL) in the range 200-320 nm and
      radiation sensitized PSTL for 200-425 nm have been studied in Al2O3 (Si, Ti)
      phosphor. Causes of the effects found, partly attributed to phototransfer of
      electrons are described. Linearity in the intrinsic and radiation sensitized
      response of the 280 degree C TL peal for both pellet and powder forms has been
      studied with regard to ultraviolet dosimetry over the range 10(-2) to 5 x 10(4)
      mJ cm-2. Details of the use of powder and pellet forms for dosimetry are given.

PMID- 674364
TI  - Calculated dose factors for the radiosensitive tissues in bone irradiated by
      surface-deposited radionuclides.
AB  - The method of calculating dose factors for the haemopoitic marrow and endosteal
      tissues in human trabecular bone, used by Whitwell and Spiers for volume-seeking
      radionuclides, has been developed for the case of radionuclides which are
      deposited as very thin layers on bone surfaces. The Monte Carlo method is again
      used, but modifications to the computer program are made to allow for a surface
      rather than a volume source of particle emission. The principal change is the
      introduction of a surface-orientation factor which is shown to have a value of
      approximately 2, varying slightly with bone structure. Result are given for beta
      emitting radionuclides ranging from 171Tm (E (E beta=0.025 MeV) to 90Y(E beta =
      0.93MeV), and also for the alpha-emitter 239Pu. It is shown that where the
      particle ranges are short compared with the dimensions of the bone structures the
      dose factors for the surface seekers are much greater than those for the volume
      seekers. For long range particles the dose factors for surface and volume-seeking
      radionuclides converge. Comparisons are given relating the dose factors
      calculated in this paper on the basis of measured bone structures to those of
      other workers based on single plane geometry.

PMID- 674365
TI  - A charge collector to determine the stopping distribution of a pion beam.

PMID- 674366
TI  - Polyethylene filtration of 30 and 40 MeV p-Be neutron beams.

PMID- 674367
TI  - A video processor to facilitate computer calculation of pressure-volume indices
      from left ventriculograms.

PMID- 674368
TI  - Fibreoptic light guides for phototesting in dermatological photobiology.

PMID- 674369
TI  - The quantitative reproduction of gamma camera pulses from video tape recordings.

PMID- 674370
TI  - A detector for monitoring the output of ultraviolet radiation sources used in the
      photochemotherapy of psoriasis.

PMID- 674372
TI  - Radiation measurements with diode detectors.

PMID- 674371
TI  - A unified method of measuring beta and photon radiations for radiation protection
      purposes--some limitations.

PMID- 674374
TI  - The early detection of osteoporosis by Compton gamma ray spectroscopy.

PMID- 674373
TI  - Possible complications in the use of a light field matched to the 80% isodose
      line of a cobalt teletherapy machine.

PMID- 674375
TI  - Spurious resolution and transfer function.

PMID- 674376
TI  - Latent image fading in nuclear emulsion dosemeters stored at high relative
      humidity and temperature.

PMID- 674378
TI  - Objective documentation of increased walking tolerance.

PMID- 674377
TI  - Electromyographic study of three parts of the gluteus medius muscle during
      functional activities.
AB  - This study was undertaken to determine the onset, duration, and degree of
      electromyographic activity in the anterior, middle, and posterior segments of the
      gluteus medius muscle during functional activities. Fine wire electrodes were
      inserted into each muscle segment. After a triaxial hip electrogoniometer was
      applied, each of the 10 subjects performed the activities of walking, crawling,
      stair ascending and descending, shoetying, sitting, and single limb-standing with
      forward learning. Raw electromyographic records evaluated on the basis of on-off
      activity provided results showing that the onset, duration, and degree of
      activity of the three segments was similar for some activities. Results also
      established that asynchronous activity occurred for selected functional
      activities, thereby justifying a three-segment conceptual model of the gluteus
      medius muscle.

PMID- 674379
TI  - Minimal care concept. An alternative for the management of arthritis.
AB  - This article is a report on the initial year of operation of the Arthritis
      Minimal Care Unit at the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston. The
      unit provided a comprehensive program for patient with arthritis including an
      interdisciplinary approach to care and patient-oriented program development with
      emphasis on patient and family education. The results of our program showed that
      hospital admission time and cost could be reduced and an improved quality of care
      could be provided in a Minimal Care Unit as compared to the acute hospital
      setting.

PMID- 674380
TI  - Reflex and voluntary electromyographic activity in patients with hemiparesis.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to quantify the effect of combining voluntary
      effort with passive muscle stretch in the major flexors and extensors of the
      elbow and knee joints in order to test the validity of the assumption that
      stretching a muscle in conjunction with voluntary effort enhances the production
      of muscle activity more than muscle stretch or voluntary effort alone. This was
      accomplished by using a computer-controlled test instrument to produce the
      conditions necessary for measuring stretch reflex activity, voluntary effort, and
      stretch reflex activity plus voluntary effort, and then quantitatively examining
      the EMG activity associated with each test condition. In general, greater EMG
      activity was produced by the combination of muscle stretch and voluntary effort
      than by either muscle stretch or voluntary effort alone. Clinical implications of
      these findings are discussed.

PMID- 674381
TI  - Kinematic and electromyographic differences between men and women during skill
      acquistion: a preliminary study.
AB  - The purpose of this preliminary study was to examine kinematic and muscular
      differences between male and female subjects during acquisition of a novel
      throwing skill. The task consisted of an underhand ball toss for accuracy and
      involved 10 male and 10 female subjects who each practiced the task for 104
      trials during one sitting. A high speed 16 mm camera was used to gather the
      cinematographic data, and surface electrodes monitored the electrical output of
      the anterior and posterior portions of the deltoid muscle. Statistical analysis
      revealed significant differences between male and female subjects in 1)
      integrated electrical activity of the posterior portion of the deltoid muscle, 2)
      premovement activity of both the anterior and posterior portions of the deltoid
      muscle, 3) peak velocity of the movement, and 4) velocity of the limb at ball
      release. Differences may exist between men and women in kinematic and muscular
      modifications occurring during the acquisition of a novel throwing skill.

PMID- 674382
TI  - Below-knee amputee knee extension force-time and moment characteristics.
AB  - This study, utilizing isometric knee extension, was undertaken to determine if
      significant differences existed between extremities of below-knee amputees and
      matched normal subjects in minimal time to production of peak force, maximal rate
      of tension development, and maximal extension moment. Results showed no
      significant differences for rate of tension development. Significance at the .05
      level was established for moments produced by left amputees and their
      contralateral limb, and right and left limbs of normal subjects. Differences in
      time to 95 percent of peak force for the amputated leg were also significant when
      compared to the limb of the matched normal subject. Results indicate that
      quadriceps tension and rate of tension development are both factors to emphasize
      in therapeutic programs, particularly for the left knee of the below-knee
      amputee.

PMID- 674383
TI  - Functional approach to chest physical therapy.

PMID- 674384
TI  - Paraplegia ambulatory training using Craig-Scott orthoses.

PMID- 674386
TI  - Use of the journal in an introductory course of physical therapy.

PMID- 674385
TI  - Neurodevelopmental treatment approach for teaching swimming to cerebral palsied
      children.
AB  - A model swimming program for cerebral palsied children based on the underlying
      principles of the neurodevelopmental treatment approach is presented following a
      review of the current literature pertaining to swimming programs for the
      physically handicapped and a discussion of the values of hydrotherapy.

PMID- 674387
TI  - In search of the acoustic correlates of stress: fundamental frequency, amplitude,
      and duration in the connected utterance of some native and non-native speakers of
      English.
AB  - In this investigation of the correlates of stress, account was taken of both
      production and perception aspects of the phenomenon in the connected utterance of
      a group each of native and non-native speakers of English. Measurement of the
      fundamental frequency, amplitude, and duration of the syllables stressed by these
      subjects revealed that duration was by far the most frequently used cue and that
      amplitude was the least used. The two groups differed significantly both in the
      incidence and placement of stress, although no evidence was found to suggest that
      native and non-native speakers consistently employ different acoustic parameters
      to signal this feature at the sentence level.

PMID- 674389
TI  - Perceived dimensions of 13 tones: a multidimensional scaling investigation.
AB  - 24 native speakers of American English made direct ratings of dissimilarity
      between 13 pitch patterns superimposed on a synthetic speech-like syllable. A
      multidimensional scaling analysis of the data revealed four perceptual
      dimensions, which were interpreted as average pitch, endpoint, extreme endpoint
      and length. The relative importance of these dimensions varied across individual
      subjects.

PMID- 674388
TI  - Pharyngeal constrictions.
AB  - From a fiberscope, the tip of which was swung from left to right in the pharynx,
      cinefilm frames were obtained which showed the cross-sectional shape of
      pharyngeal constrictions in back vowels. This information was combined with the
      information offered by X-ray pictures of the same subject phonating the same
      vowels on a different occasion. The results agree to a reasonable extent with
      previously published data obtained by different techniques, and support previous
      hypotheses regarding distance-to-area conversion in the pharyngeal region of the
      vocal tract.

PMID- 674390
TI  - [Rehilamiento: description].
AB  - The work analyses the way in which the 'rehilamiento' presents itself. It
      presents itself as an acoustic stochastic field, superposed on an acoustic
      periodic field, as a consequence of two articulatory constrictions: the one at
      the oscillating vocal cords and the other at any place in the pharynx. The
      auditory perception of the 'rehilamiento' is simply one of voiced friction. The
      oscillograms presented confirm that in the language of Buenos Aires the
      realization [z] tends to conserve its voiced quality among men while losing it
      among women.

PMID- 674391
TI  - Random distribution of highly repetitive and intermediate frequency mouse L--929
      cell DNA sequences synthesized after UV light exposure.

PMID- 674393
TI  - Laser flash photolysis and inactivation of carboxypeptidase A.

PMID- 674392
TI  - Effect of photic stimulation on the human menstrual cycle.

PMID- 674394
TI  - "Sunlight" -induced mammalian cell killing: a comparative study of ultraviolet
      and near-ultraviolet inactivation.

PMID- 674395
TI  - DNA single-strand lesions due to 'sunlight' and UV light: a comparison of their
      induction in Chinese hamster and human cells, and their fate in Chinese hamster
      cells.

PMID- 674396
TI  - Gravitational physiology.

PMID- 674397
TI  - Two take-home problem sets for use in teaching elementary fluid and electrolyte
      physiology to 1st year medical students in an integrated cell biology course.

PMID- 674399
TI  - Application of continuous beam ultrasound at therapeutic levels.

PMID- 674398
TI  - Biophysical effects of ultrasound at therapeutic intensities.

PMID- 674400
TI  - Dangers and contra-indications of therapeutic ultrasound.

PMID- 674401
TI  - Performance of ultrasonic therapy instruments.

PMID- 674402
TI  - Ultrasonic therapy for painful shoulders.

PMID- 674404
TI  - Rehabilitation after uncomplicated myocardial infarction.

PMID- 674403
TI  - Treating a fractured shaft of femur using a split bed.

PMID- 674405
TI  - Hormonal profile of coronaridine hydrochloride--an antifertility agent of plant
      origin.

PMID- 674406
TI  - Cytostatic activity of sesquiterpene lactones from Compositae of the Canary
      Islands.

PMID- 674407
TI  - Mallorepine, cyano-gamma-pyridone from Mallotus repandus.

PMID- 674408
TI  - Spectrofluorometric determination of sennosides in tablets.

PMID- 674409
TI  - Total glandular mastectomy. Modifications of the subcutaneous mastectomy for use
      in premalignant disease of the breast.
AB  - We describe two modifications of the original subcutaneous mastectomy, in which
      we remove the nipple en bloc with the breast, and we believe they are as suitable
      as other mastectomies for the removal of microcarcinomas and premalignant
      diseases of the breast. We do not advocate them for macroscopic malignancy. We
      are using the term "total glandular mastectomy" to designate these two
      modifications.

PMID- 674410
TI  - Xeroradiography in the diagnosis of facial fractures.
AB  - Xeroradiography, because of its unique phenomenon of "edge enhancement," has some
      advantages for assessing facial fractures. In 17 of the 19 patients in our pilot
      study group, this technique was as valuable as, or more so than, plain films. The
      xerogram done prior to laminagraphy is a useful "map" for the radiologist to use
      in planning laminagraphic cuts. For the surgeon this technique offers a
      relatively accurate diagnostic tool, useful early after the facial injury.

PMID- 674411
TI  - The selection of sun-blocking topical agents to protect the skin.
AB  - A simple method, based on scientific evidence, for the selection of a proper sun
      protective agent has been presented. To make it even easier, the surgeon need
      only look for a product containing both PABA and titanium dioxide. The author is
      aware there may be many other fine products available but not mentioned here, and
      some of those mentioned here serve the purpose for which they were designed but
      may not do all the things the plastic surgeon desires. In any event, the
      statements made herein should not be construed as an endorsement of one product
      over another.

PMID- 674412
TI  - Treatment of the ischemic finger secondary to digital artery occlusion.
AB  - We present 7 cases of digital artery thrombosis with ischemic symptoms. Six were
      treated successfully by application of the Leriche principle of resection of a
      segment of the thrombosed artery. One was treated successfully by resection of a
      thrombosed segment and replacement with a small vein graft. The symptomatic
      relief has been conplete in 4 of the 6 patients who had resections, and in the
      patient who had the single vein graft. The other two patients (with resection
      only) have had improvement.

PMID- 674413
TI  - Biostereometric analysis in plastic and reconstructive surgery. A one-step, on
      line technique.
AB  - Biostereometry is the measurement of living things (especially the human body) in
      3 dimensions. Moire topography provides a simple, one-step method for mapping
      contours of the face, or other parts of the body--a method which has potential
      value for the plastic surgeon. A prospective study of the value and the uses of
      this method is now under way at our institution.

PMID- 674414
TI  - Resection of obstructing inferior nasal turbinates.
AB  - We report a series of 88 patients in whom 119 obstructing inferior nasal
      turbinates were resected for airway obstruction, and who have been followed for 3
      months to 3 years. The airways were consistently improved and, to date, there
      have been no undesirable sequelae.

PMID- 674415
TI  - Metastasizing keratoacanthomas? The difficulties in differentiating
      keratoacanthomas from squamous cell carcinomas.
AB  - The problem in diagnosis of keratoacanthoma versus squamous cell carcinoma has
      been reviewed, and 13 patients are presented to illustrate the difficulties in
      differentiating between these two lesions. If the pathologist is in doubt, the
      lesion should be called "probable keratoacanthoma, but squamous cell carcinoma
      cannot be ruled out." We should all be aware that even the most careful
      pathologist, using all the information and material available, may still
      erroneously diagnose a lesion as a benign keratoacanthoma--one which, if
      inadequately treated, may metastasize or recur as a squamous cell carcinoma.
      Therefore, it is important for the clinician to treat most keratoacanthomas by
      adequate removal and close follow-up.

PMID- 674416
TI  - A cause of wrist pain: non-specific tenosynovitis involving the flexor carpi
      radialis.
AB  - We describe 4 patients who complained of pain over the course of the flexor carpi
      radialis tendon at the wrist, and who presented with point tenderness there.
      These 4 patients presented a spectrum of non-specific tenosynovitis involving the
      flexor carpi radialis tendon at the wrist, ranging from slight tenderness and
      swelling to complete disruption of the tendon. Their clinical course and
      treatment is presented.

PMID- 674417
TI  - On mammography in the presence of breast implants.

PMID- 674418
TI  - Venous varix of the finger.

PMID- 674419
TI  - Possible danger of placing implants subpectorally immediately after a
      subcutaneous mastectomy.

PMID- 674420
TI  - Caution about clinical use of vascularized periosteal grafts.

PMID- 674421
TI  - Tarsal fixation in lower blepharoplasty. Commentary.

PMID- 674422
TI  - Closure of septal perforation in Osler-Weber-Rendu's disease by bilateral labial
      buccal flaps. Case report.
AB  - We present a case of septal perforation in Osler-Weber-Rendu's disease, treated
      by rotating bilateral labial-buccal flaps up into the nose to close the
      perforation and resurface the adjacent areas on the septum.

PMID- 674423
TI  - Elastic paper wrapping for compression of a swollen finger.

PMID- 674424
TI  - A suction curette for removal of excessive local deposits of subcutaneous fat.

PMID- 674425
TI  - [Clinical immunopathology of interstitial lung disease and laboratory
      examinations (author's transl)].

PMID- 674426
TI  - [Alteration of lung function in diffuse interstitial diseases (author's transl)].

PMID- 674427
TI  - [Radiologic aspects of the changes of lung interstitium (author's transl)].

PMID- 674428
TI  - [Clinic of the disease of lung interstitium (author's transl)].

PMID- 674430
TI  - [Surgical diagnostic methods in interstitial fibrosis of the lungs (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 674429
TI  - [Radiologic changes in pulmonary vessels in cases of fibrosis of the lung
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 674431
TI  - [Our cases of farmer's lung (author's transl)].

PMID- 674432
TI  - [Changes of lung interstitium after irradiation exposure (author's transl)].

PMID- 674433
TI  - [Experience on the therapy of diffuse pulmonary fibroses with D-penicillamin)].

PMID- 674434
TI  - [Pathophysiology of bronchial asthma (author's transl)].

PMID- 674435
TI  - [Diagnostics of bronchial asthma in outpatient unit for respiratory diseases
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 674436
TI  - [Bronchial asthma (author's transl)].

PMID- 674437
TI  - [Treatment of status asthmaticus (author's transl)].

PMID- 674438
TI  - [Epidemiology of bronchial asthma on the territory of North Dalmatia (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 674439
TI  - [Bronchial asthma and tuberculosis (author's transl)].

PMID- 674440
TI  - [Bronchologic examination in bronchial asthma (author's transl)].

PMID- 674441
TI  - [Bronchial asthma in children and its prognosis (author's transl)].

PMID- 674442
TI  - [Treatment and control of the children with bronchial asthma (author's transl)].

PMID- 674443
TI  - [The rational diagnostic of the bronchoconstriction degree in outpatient
      departments (author's transl)].

PMID- 674444
TI  - [The place and the role of physiotherapy in bronchial asthma (author's transl)].

PMID- 674445
TI  - [Terminology, definition, classification and etiology of diffuse interstitial
      pulmonary diseases (author's transl)].

PMID- 674446
TI  - [Alveolitis and diffuse pulmonary interstitial fibrosis (author's transl)].

PMID- 674447
TI  - [Changes of dendritic potentials during seizures--reference of apical dendrites
      to seizures (author's transl)].

PMID- 674448
TI  - [Toxic psychosis due to ephedrine-containing antasthmatics--report of three cases
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 674449
TI  - [Clinical psychopathological characteristics of acute atypical circular affective
      psychoses].
AB  - The clinical reality of acute atypical affective psychoses is recognized by
      almost all psychiatrists. A total of 229 cases of atypical circular psychosis
      have been studied. In many of these cases the "psychodynamic mobility" of the
      personality, i.e., the "fixed attitude" according to Usnadse, was studied in
      addition to a clinical analysis. The method used for this is described, and a
      number of criteria for evaluation are reported. Also, the thematic apperception
      test and Rorschach test as well as electroencephalographic examinations have been
      carried out on many of the patients included in this study. The results of
      clinical-psychopathological and experimental-psychological examinations enable
      better diagnoses of acute atypical affective psychoses to be established.

PMID- 674450
TI  - [Differentiation between primary and neurotic sexual disorders].
AB  - The object of this paper is to show that there are different forms of sexual
      anomalies which permit of basic and therapeutic differentiation. Atavisms of
      responding have been observed to play an essential role in real perversions.

PMID- 674451
TI  - [Problems of indication for regulative music therapy in the treatment of neuroses
      and functional disorders].

PMID- 674452
TI  - [Sociodynamic aspects of psychotherapy].
AB  - Definitions of psychotherapy are determined by sociocultural and epistemological
      factors, which, in turn, influences the objectives and practical consequences of
      the use of psychotherapy (for example, selection, indication, and method used).
      The current state of knowledge and social needs tend to modify views of the role
      and functions of psychotherapy in medical and extramedical fields and areas,
      which sociodynamic aspects of psychotherapeutic processes and their applications
      being considered and utilized differently. It is within the framework of
      different social orders that potentially equivocal functions and ways of making
      use of psychotherapy can be either promoted or inhibited. Consequently, it is
      desirable to try to clarify corresponding prerequisites and conditions, which has
      been attempted by the author in his present paper.

PMID- 674453
TI  - [Development of views of the causes of juvenile delinquency in Europe].
AB  - In the past two hundred years, views of the etiology of delinquency have
      developed from the extreme constitutional direction or line of thought through
      theories considering social factors to be solely responsible to the assumption of
      a combination of constitutional and social factors. Theses of social
      misadaptation as a source of delinquency, which were inaugurated by Soviet
      criminologists, could also be confirmed by the results of a large-scale
      investigation conducted in Poland. The combination of two factors (limited
      psychic power and negative social influences) was found to be the most frequent
      cause of criminal acts.

PMID- 674454
TI  - [The role of schooling in the child neuropsychiatric clinic].
AB  - The authors report the inclusion of schooling in the therapeutic regime used by a
      pedopsychiatric department. Comparative psychological examinations of children,
      which were made on admission to and discharge from the clinic, showed a positive
      effect upon the course of disease, with different degrees of improvement being
      observed. A questioning of thirty children regarding the influence of schooling
      showed that their motivations lay in the affective rather than executive sphere.
      However, a child's striving for a favorable position within the group also proved
      an important prerequisite of successful therapy.

PMID- 674455
TI  - Perspectives on community as a social system.
AB  - This paper seeks to analyze processes and roles within the community as a setting
      for mental health work. The author contends the social workers can utilize
      linkages and resources more effectively by training community as a social system.
      Furthermore, the community approach to mental health problems appears to be a
      logical framework to organize and harmonize different subsystems. A two
      dimensional, conceptual model brings into focus two mutually supportive
      considerations within this framework: community and mental health. Systemic
      linkages between the mental health group and the welfare community are further
      conceptualized to signify their importance in the MR programs. A critique is
      presented of the changing professional roles of the community organizer in a
      society where welfare services are organized for the less competent individuals
      within a complex web of values and antivalues. Social workers' dynamism in self
      shaping their professional roles toward improving the quality of life is
      highlighted.

PMID- 674456
TI  - The aftermaths of deinstitutionalization: problmes and solutions.
AB  - Thousands of mentally handicapped patients released from mental hospitals are now
      living in a variety of community settings. Services to help them remain in
      community are often fragmented, uncoordinated and limited. Research and
      experience have highlighted the services they need. Numerous demonstrations have
      shown that patients can be successfully maintained in community setting.
      Coordinated services and fixed responsibility for each individual placed are
      essential.

PMID- 674457
TI  - Etiological factors in schizophrenia: a reevaluation in the light of contemporary
      research.

PMID- 674458
TI  - [Psychodynamic aspects of marriages of schizophrenics (author's transl)].
AB  - 20 couples, each of which with one spouse suffering from schizophrenia, are
      investigated with clinical and psychological (individual and consensus Rorschach,
      Freiburg personality inventory) methods. Married schizophrenics seem to be less
      schizoid than passive dependent, infantile or stormy in their premorbid
      personality. Regarding our results their spouses don't differ in their mental
      health from the average population. Behaviour disorders of the non-schizophrenic
      spouses rather have to be seen as reactions caused secondarily by the patient's
      schizophrenic symptoms than as characteristics of their primary personality,
      because they only arise in the exploration of both spouses together. The
      schizophrenics appear less disturbed in the interaction with their spouses than
      in the situation of the single exploration. The "interacting personality" of the
      non-schizophrenic spouses, however, seems to be more disturbed than their
      "individual personality". Special factors, which are connected with premorbid
      personality of the later schizophrenic, are important in the mate selection. Very
      often first manifestation and the course of schizophrenic syndrome on the one
      hand and the marital dynamics on the other hand are closely related. Describing
      the attitude of the spouses to each other the non-schizophrenic shows three
      characteristic patterns, which are seen in the interaction of the couple:
      acceptation, emotional distance and ambivalence. Further the question of
      indication and prospect of marital therapy is discussed.

PMID- 674459
TI  - [The prescribed separation of parents and patient in young schizophrenics
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 674460
TI  - [Rehabilitation of young schizophrenic patients on the basis of a case
      description (author's transl)].

PMID- 674462
TI  - [Living with the impossible. Comments on the article by H.M. van Praag].

PMID- 674461
TI  - [Comments on the impossible concept of schizophrenia (author's transl)].
AB  - Schizophrenia is an impossible concept. Under this heading, a number of psychoses
      is being grouped which have the common characteristic that the patient is, as a
      rule, but by no means always, fully conscious. In all other respects, no other
      points agree, neither in respect of symptoms, nor in respect of etiology or
      prognosis. Hence, there are hardly any reasons to reduce these disease patterns
      to a common denominator, either as "schizophrenia" or as a "group of
      schizophrenic psychoses". Rather, it seems more probable that schizophrenic
      psychoses are individual disease patterns, instead of being variations of a basic
      type. What is principally needed at this stage, is a fair amount of empirical
      research to catalog the concept of schizophrenia. Such a catalog would have to be
      based on exactly defined and described syndromes to enable further study whether
      there are any other points besides these symptoms which characterize the syndrome
      in question, such as etiology, pathogenetic factors, course, or response
      treatment. The more characteristics are found, the greater the chance that the
      disease pattern under investigation is really a unit by itself. In the course of
      these studies, and in order to avoid terminological confusion, it is advisable to
      use, for the time being, the term "schizophrenic psychoses", under the condition
      that in each concrete case this term must be supplemented by a careful
      typification of the symptomatology, of the etiologic factors, and of the course
      of the disease.

PMID- 674463
TI  - [Schizophrenia, an impossible or an unmanageable concept?].

PMID- 674464
TI  - [Schizophrenia--a provisional convention. On the problem of a nosography of
      schizophrenias (author's transl)].

PMID- 674465
TI  - Comparability and equivalence of estimates of IQS from Revised Beta Examination
      and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale among older male delinquents.

PMID- 674466
TI  - Cortical involvement in schizophrenics.

PMID- 674467
TI  - Personality dimensions of drug abusers who enter a drug-free therapeutic
      community.

PMID- 674468
TI  - Internal-external control and motivations for alcohol use among high school
      students.

PMID- 674469
TI  - Cross-cultural comparison of personality: New Zealand children and English
      children.

PMID- 674470
TI  - The Slosson intelligence test as a quick screening test of mental ability with
      profoundly and severely retarded children.

PMID- 674471
TI  - Psychiatric screening with the Comrey personality scales.

PMID- 674472
TI  - From external to self-control: behavioral treatment of trichotillomania in an
      eleven-year-old girl.

PMID- 674473
TI  - Social acceptance of recovered alcoholics: toward the development of a predictive
      index.

PMID- 674474
TI  - Feeling of improvement in flooding: some analogue data.

PMID- 674475
TI  - Failure to understand a failure: a reply to Cole and Burd.

PMID- 674476
TI  - Factor analysis of expressions of anxiety.

PMID- 674477
TI  - Jealous conflict in dating couples.

PMID- 674478
TI  - Development of a scale for assessment of jealousy.

PMID- 674479
TI  - Behavioral weight control for obese adolescents: preliminary findings and future
      considerations.

PMID- 674481
TI  - Note on demand characteristics in analogue research on small animal phobias.

PMID- 674480
TI  - Liking, loving, and styles of loving.

PMID- 674482
TI  - Effect of sample-response requirement on matching-to-sample accuracy of
      exceptional children.

PMID- 674483
TI  - Stimulant drug therapy in control of on-task behavior: a case study.

PMID- 674484
TI  - Psychopathology and employment in a V.A. psychiatric out-patient clinic
      population.

PMID- 674485
TI  - Psychological adjustment of persons seeking sensitivity group experiences.

PMID- 674486
TI  - Short-term sensory reduction used as a therapeutic aid in enhancement of self
      concept.

PMID- 674487
TI  - Training therapy of psychotherapists: professional socialization as
      interprofessional relations.

PMID- 674488
TI  - Sex, season and suicide.

PMID- 674489
TI  - Alienation and emotional maturity: a preliminary investigation.

PMID- 674490
TI  - Effects of sodium phenobarbital on brain stimulation behavior, behavioral
      seizures, and EEG seizure activity.

PMID- 674491
TI  - Effects of training on the mental health attitudes of black and white psychiatric
      aides.

PMID- 674492
TI  - Moderators of ratings by significant other and self.

PMID- 674493
TI  - Intermodal stimulus generalization and retention of habituation in earthworms.

PMID- 674494
TI  - Training effects on attitudes and personality characteristics of nurse
      practitioners.

PMID- 674495
TI  - Achievement motivation and delinquency.

PMID- 674496
TI  - Development and validation of a sex-role ideology scale.

PMID- 674497
TI  - TAT-derived affiliation scores and social behavior in therapy groups.

PMID- 674499
TI  - Factor analytic and reliability studies on the Activation-Deactivation Adjective
      Check List.

PMID- 674498
TI  - Relationship between self-esteem and depression.

PMID- 674500
TI  - Psychological androgyny and fear of success.

PMID- 674501
TI  - A criticism of Forbes and Lebo's failure to validate the lunacy myth.

PMID- 674502
TI  - Prediction of success in a master's degree program in nursing.

PMID- 674503
TI  - Relationship between suicide and month of birth.

PMID- 674504
TI  - Locus of control as a predictor of outcome in treatment of obesity.

PMID- 674505
TI  - Developmental sex-role theory and sex-role attitudes in late adolescents.

PMID- 674506
TI  - Independence of sex-role and gender identity.

PMID- 674507
TI  - An empirical investigation of the modeling of depression.

PMID- 674508
TI  - Anxiety and caffeine.

PMID- 674509
TI  - Sexism and sexual problems: societal censure of the sexuality troubled male.

PMID- 674510
TI  - Determination of death: perspectives from psychological assessment.

PMID- 674511
TI  - A factor analytic study of the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test.

PMID- 674512
TI  - Darkness in an enlightened era: women's drawings of their sexual organs.

PMID- 674513
TI  - Achievement motivation training in a community mental health center.

PMID- 674514
TI  - Effects of similarity of raters' and patients' attitudes on evaluations of
      patients' mental health.

PMID- 674515
TI  - Abbreviated forms of the WISC-R.

PMID- 674516
TI  - Attitudes toward mental illness in police officers.

PMID- 674517
TI  - Fear of success in high school girls as related to family composition.

PMID- 674518
TI  - The concept of lunacy: a review.

PMID- 674519
TI  - IQ as a predictor of antidepressant responses to lithium.

PMID- 674520
TI  - Comparisons of competence training in two successful clinical psychology
      programs.

PMID- 674521
TI  - Physician-patient communication: agreement between them.

PMID- 674522
TI  - Assaults on police officers in American cities.

PMID- 674523
TI  - Dumber by the dozen or by the decade?

PMID- 674524
TI  - Comparative study of validity of the WAIS and Quick test as predictors of
      functioning intelligence in a psychiatric facility.

PMID- 674525
TI  - A Micro-Mult for screening psychiatric disturbance.

PMID- 674526
TI  - The WHO International Reference Centers Network--10th anniversary.

PMID- 674527
TI  - Erythrocyte concentrations of the lithium ion: clinical correlates and mechanisms
      of accumulation [proceedings].

PMID- 674528
TI  - Lithium transport pathways in human red cells [proceedings].

PMID- 674529
TI  - Factors affecting lithium efflux from human erythrocytes [proceedings].

PMID- 674530
TI  - Lithium, membranes, and manic-depressive illness [proceedings].

PMID- 674531
TI  - Comments on lithium transport by red blood cells [proceedings].

PMID- 674532
TI  - Prediction of steady state plasma concentration of imipramine [proceedings].

PMID- 674533
TI  - Plasma d-amphetamine absorption and elimination in hyperactive children.

PMID- 674534
TI  - Behavioral toxicology--heavy metals affecting behavior: introduction
      [proceedings].

PMID- 674535
TI  - Lead and hyperactivity in animals [proceedings].

PMID- 674536
TI  - Threshold levels and lead toxicity [proceedings].

PMID- 674537
TI  - Zinc and copper status in anorexia nervosa [proceedings].

PMID- 674538
TI  - Effects of single oral doses of trace elements on the quantitated EEG of normal
      subjects and chronic schizophrenics [proceedings].

PMID- 674539
TI  - Copper and zinc in childhood behavior [proceedings].

PMID- 674540
TI  - Factors affecting the sensitivity of self-rating scales [proceedings].

PMID- 674541
TI  - Self and doctor assessment of anxiety and depression [proceedings].

PMID- 674542
TI  - Some errors of perceptual analysis in visual search can be detected and
      corrected.

PMID- 674543
TI  - The role of trace strength in recency and frequency judgements by amnesic and
      control subjects.

PMID- 674544
TI  - Neonatal auditory habituation and state change.

PMID- 674545
TI  - Determinats of operant behavior in humans: some differences from animals.

PMID- 674546
TI  - Plasma noradrenaline and adrenaline concentrations and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase
      activity in patients with shock due to septicaemia, trauma and haemorrhage.
AB  - Plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline concentrations and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase
      activities were measured in patients with septicaemic, traumatic or haemorrhagic
      shock. Irrespective of the type of shock plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline
      concentrations were increased above the normal range. This is in keeping with the
      clinical features of increased sympathetic nervous system and adrenal medullary
      activity present in these patients. Plasma dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activities
      were within the normal limits in all forms of shock indicating the poor
      relationship of this measurement to sympathetic nervous system activity. In
      patients who died plasma noradrenaline concentrations remained persistently
      elevated above normal while in those who survived there was a rapid decline
      towards the normal range.

PMID- 674547
TI  - The role of various cereals in coeliac disease.
AB  - It is well established that the consumption of wheat gluten will produce the
      characteristic mucosal lesion of coeliac disease in subjects who are predisposed
      to it. The role of other cereals in the pathogenesis of this disease is less
      certain. In the present study, four different cereals (rye, barley, maize and
      rice) have been tested by feeding them to volunteer coeliac subjects who had
      shown good mucosal recovery on a gluten free diet and assessing the effect by
      serial jejunal biopsy. The biopsy specimens obtained before and after challenge
      were compared in terms of histology and disaccharidase activity. The results
      indicate that rye and barley are harmful but that maize and rice are harmless.

PMID- 674548
TI  - Sodium losing renal disease: Two cases and a review of the literature.
AB  - Two patients with sodium-losing renal disease were studied in detail. Both
      presented with shock and hypotension which was attributed at first to other
      causes, as was the recurrent hyponatraemia in one of them. In both patients the
      cause of the sodium loss was probably unrelieved urinary obstruction which has
      been reported previously to cause water loss but not sodium loss. Both patients
      had severe hyponatraemia when they were sodium depleted, which has previously
      been attributed to water retention from excessive secretion of antidiuretic
      hormone. Plasma arginine vasopressin concentrations were raised in one patient
      but not in the other. The cause of the water retention in the other patient is
      not known. One of the patients, like others described in the literature, was only
      able to vary his sodium excretion within narrow limits. He became sodium depleted
      on a normal intake and oedematous when he was given saline intravenously. We
      suggest that the term sodium-losing renal disease should be replaced by the term
      'fixed sodium' excretion renal disease.

PMID- 674549
TI  - The haematology of hyperthyroidism.
AB  - In an unselected series of 239 patients with uncomplicated hyperthyroidism the
      haemoglobin concentration was less than 12.0 g/dl in 37 of 207 women and below
      13.0 g/dl in 9 of 32 men. Although some of these patients with a low level of
      haemoglobin were iron deficient, with a transferrin saturation less than 16 per
      cent, many were not. On treatment of hyperthyroidism the haemoglobin rose by an
      average of 0.5 g/dl in patients who had not been anaemic on diagnosis. A small
      fall in haemoglobin is therefore usual in hyperthyroidism and it may sometimes be
      sufficient to cause a mild degree of anaemia. The mean corpuscular volume (MCV)
      was decreased in hyperthyroid patients who had neither anaemia nor a reduced
      transferrin saturation. After treatment of hyperthyroidism the MCV rose in these
      patients by an average of 6 fl. A dimunition in MCV, even within the normal
      range, is an invariable concomitant of hyperthyroidism. The administration of
      thyroxine to excess does not, however, cause the same change in the MCV. On
      diagnosis of hyperthyroidism the prevalence of pernicious anaemia in this series
      of patients was 1.9 per cent. Gastric parietal cell antibodies were present in
      15.4 per cent and thyroid microsomal antibodies in 49.5 per cent.

PMID- 674550
TI  - Analgesic nephropathy: an important cause of chronic renal failure.
AB  - Study of case-notes and autopsy reports of patients with renal disease suggests
      that analgesic nephropathy is responsible for at least 12 per cent of cases of
      chronic renal failure, Between 1970 and 1975 eight new cases of analgesic
      nephropathy were seen annually in a population of three-quarters of a million.
      This is equivalent to an incidence of 490 new cases per year in England and
      Wales. Fifty-five patients with analgesic nephropathy were followed from one to
      84 months for a total of 190 patient years. Changes in renal function were
      correlated with bacteriuria, hypertension and analgesic consumption. One-third of
      the cases had been misdiagnosed and analgesic abuse was only revealed by thorough
      examination of case-notes and autopsy records, together with careful questioning
      of patients and relatives. A number of cases had been classified as chronic
      pyelonephritis. The calculated survival rate at five years was 44 per cent.
      Mortality was related to the level of analgesic consumption and the degree of
      renal failure at the time of diagnosis. The prognosis was poor if serum
      creatinine at presentation was greater than 400 mumol/l. There was no significant
      correlation between deterioration in renal function and bacteriuria or
      hypertension. Forty-two per cent of the patients were taking analgesics for
      arthritis; 27 per cent had rheumatoid arthritis. Most had been taking large
      quantities of analgesic mixtures containing phenacetin. Renal papillary necrosis
      was present in only 26 per cent on intravenous urography but was found in all
      those examined at autopsy. Twenty thousand, two hundred and twenty-nine autopsy
      reports were examined for the presence of renal disease. Renal papillary necrosis
      was found in 0.41 per cent, and could be attributed to analgesic nephropathy in
      24 per cent. In patients under 65 years of age analgesic nephropathy appeared to
      be a more frequent cause of death than chronic pyelonephritis. The report
      indicates the need for careful enquiry about analgesic consumption in all
      patients with renal disease, and emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and
      cessation of analgesics in suspected cases of analgesic nephropathy.

PMID- 674551
TI  - The changing mortality of cerebrovascular disease.
AB  - Cerebrovascular disease mortality trends in England and Wales are discussed,
      concentrating on data relating to years after 1968. Cerebrovascular disease
      deaths have been found to comprise a decreasing proportion of all deaths and of
      all cardiovascular disease deaths. For ages under 85 the mortality rates have
      generally fallen for cerebrovascular disease, with females experiencing the
      greater improvement. Concerning the main diagnostic categories, the rates for
      cerebral haemorrhage and thrombosis have fallen, and have risen for subarachnoid
      haemorrhage and the vague rubrics (436, 437). Possible explanations for these
      trends are proposed including relationships to other cardiovascular diseases. In
      particular, the downward trend in cerebral haemorrhage mortality rates is found
      to be positively correlated at a significant level with that due to hypertensive
      disease. However, the trends in cerebral thrombosis and ischaemic heart disease
      mortality rates are found to be in opposite directions--a phenomenon which
      contradicts the widely-held view that these diseases have a common aetiology.

PMID- 674552
TI  - Diabetes mellitus and coeliac disease: a clinical study.
AB  - Fourteen adults in whom diabetes mellitus and coeliac disease coexist, are
      described. In no patient was coeliac disease diagnosed (biopsy proven) before the
      age of 28 years. Diabetes was recognized before coeliac disease in all except
      one. Diabetic control was very unstable and hypoglycaemia particularly
      troublesome before treatment with a gluten free diet. Following gluten
      restriction, insulin requirement increased in six patients, and diabetic control
      became more stable. Diarrhoea due to coeliac disease in a patient with coexisting
      diabetes, may be mistakenly diagnosed as 'diabetic diarrhoea'. However, certain
      clinical and laboratory features should arouse suspicion that the diarrhoea is
      not of diabetic origin. These included a history of gastrointestinal symptoms
      preceding the diagnosis of diabetes, the occurrence of repeated hypoglycaemia,
      absence of neuropathy, anaemia, low serum folate, low serum albumin and a
      malabsorption pattern on small bowel radiography. A definitive diagnosis of
      coeliac disease can be made only jejunal biopsy. The opportunity to diagnose
      coeliac disease in adult diabetics will usually fall to the diabetologist and
      wider use of jejunal biopsy in diabetics with chronic or recurrent diarrhoea is
      suggested.

PMID- 674553
TI  - Critical review of our track record.

PMID- 674554
TI  - Recent advances in medicine.

PMID- 674555
TI  - Principles underlying use of corticosteroids.

PMID- 674556
TI  - A primer in medicine: refresher in basic medicine.

PMID- 674557
TI  - The inevitability of mortality: pathologic physiology of aging.

PMID- 674558
TI  - Uncertainty in interplay of biological and cultural evolution: man's view of
      himself.
AB  - Systems models made possible an examination of the machinery by which information
      is accumulated and exchanged in biological and cultural evolution. Indeterminacy
      is revealed which obscures our perspective on the growth of humanity.

PMID- 674559
TI  - Dosimetric properties of d(80) + Be and d(80) + (Be + Ta) neutrons.

PMID- 674560
TI  - Intestinal crypt survival after X irradiation of the rat small intestine under
      conditions of radioprotection.

PMID- 674561
TI  - Small intestinal cryptogenic cells in W/Wv mutant mice.

PMID- 674562
TI  - Rat skin tumor incidence following single and fractionated exposures to proton
      radiation.

PMID- 674563
TI  - The effects of hyperthermia on the protein-to-DNA ratio of isolated HeLa cell
      chromatin.

PMID- 674564
TI  - Action of DTPA on hepatic plutonium I. Quantitation of the DTPA-induced biliary
      excretion of plutonium in the rat.

PMID- 674565
TI  - Changes in absorption of glucose and proline following irradiation to the
      exteriorized ileum.

PMID- 674566
TI  - A model for radiation damage in cells by direct effect and by indirect effect: a
      radiation chemistry approach.

PMID- 674567
TI  - Susceptibility of hematopoietic stem cells (CFU-s) to 55Fe radiation damage.

PMID- 674568
TI  - Discharge and be damned: who cares?

PMID- 674569
TI  - Discharge and be damned: heads you win - tails I lose.

PMID- 674570
TI  - Water quality criteria and standards in the UK and EEC: current and foreseeable
      problems.

PMID- 674571
TI  - The relationship between water quality and human health: medical aspects.

PMID- 674572
TI  - The N.H.S.--the continuing need for private nursing homes? Interdependence and co
      existence.

PMID- 674574
TI  - Violence to children.

PMID- 674573
TI  - The N.S.H.-the continuing need for private nursing homes? The contribution of the
      nursing home.

PMID- 674575
TI  - Air pollution, noise and vibration--ILO report.

PMID- 674576
TI  - Health and safety in agriculture.

PMID- 674577
TI  - Triumphs and defeats in the control of infection by immunization.

PMID- 674578
TI  - [Possible use of several biochemical indices of irradiated leukocyte metabolism
      for diagnosis of radiation injury].

PMID- 674579
TI  - [Participation of M-cholinoreceptors in mediating the effect of ionizing
      radiation on the level of pyridoxal coenzymes in rat tissues].

PMID- 674580
TI  - [Participation of brain tissue guanosine nucleotides in the response to
      radiation].

PMID- 674581
TI  - [Effect of ionizing radiation on the plasma free amino acid concentration of
      chick embryos].

PMID- 674583
TI  - [Cytologic and cytochemical analysis of the effect of hormones on the
      postradiation changes in testicular sex and incretory cells].

PMID- 674582
TI  - [Thermochemiluminescence and absorption spectra of blood serum (in vitro) after
      exposure to radiation].

PMID- 674584
TI  - [Multiplication of bacteria of the genus Vibrio in liquid culture medium after
      irradiation with Co60 gamma rays].

PMID- 674585
TI  - [Initial changes in the ultrastructure of bone marrow cells following gamma and
      neutron irradiation].

PMID- 674586
TI  - [General model of radiation injury and the shape of the dose-effect curve].

PMID- 674587
TI  - [Effect of the strength of the radiation dose on the size of the median lethal
      dose in mice developing hematopoietic and intestinal syndromes].

PMID- 674588
TI  - [Comparative radiosentivity of Wistar and non-inbred rat strains when exposed to
      nonuniform radiation].

PMID- 674589
TI  - [Effect of x-rays and microwaves on the absorptive function of the serous
      membranes in rabbits].

PMID- 674590
TI  - [Relationship between intravarietal differences in the response of wheat seeds to
      gamma irradiation and their different qualities].

PMID- 674591
TI  - [Reality of risk assessments for small dose gamma irradiation].

PMID- 674592
TI  - [Late sequelae of administering enriched uranium to rats].

PMID- 674593
TI  - [Distribution and kinetics of Pu238 after its intratracheal administration to
      rats].

PMID- 674594
TI  - [Calculation of the distribution of absorbed energy following internal
      irradiation with monoenergetic electrons].

PMID- 674595
TI  - [Enzymes of DNA synthesis in the bone marrow of rats with chronic radiation
      injuries].

PMID- 674596
TI  - [Quantitative changes in the cytoplasmic RNA in the hepatocytes of irradiated
      mice of different ages].

PMID- 674597
TI  - [Changes in the serum aminotransferase and aldolase activity exposed to a six
      year long chronic and mixed gamma irradiation].

PMID- 674598
TI  - [Effect of gamma rays and armin on acetylcholinesterase].

PMID- 674599
TI  - [Effect of selective irradiation with x-rays on catalase activity in vitro].

PMID- 674600
TI  - [Effect of x-irradiation on the hydroperoxidase activity of rat liver
      microsomes].

PMID- 674601
TI  - [Degenerative and regenerative processes of an injured nerve in irradiated
      animals after acute blood loss].

PMID- 674602
TI  - [Spontaneous and immune rosette formation in irradiated and nonirradiated
      animals].

PMID- 674603
TI  - [Changes in cutaneous tissue respiration after exposure to different doses of
      ultraviolet radiation].

PMID- 674604
TI  - [New method for studying the mechanism of the antiradiation effectiveness of
      heterologous serum globulin].

PMID- 674605
TI  - [Accumulation and excretion of tritium from the bodies of rats following
      administration of tritiated acetic acid].

PMID- 674606
TI  - [Effect of growth conditions on the variability and relationship between the
      radioresistance of seeds and their protein content].

PMID- 674607
TI  - [Effects and sequelae of gamma and electron radiations on potatoes].

PMID- 674608
TI  - [Clinic-radiological results for abdominal aorta occlusion combined with
      occlusions of not paired visceral arteries (author's transl)].

PMID- 674609
TI  - Xeroradiolymphography.

PMID- 674610
TI  - [The right position of the aorta--a contribution to the differential diagnostical
      differentiation of space-requiring processes in the mediastinum (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 674611
TI  - [Lymphographic representation of the thoracic duct--study of course and variants
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 674612
TI  - [X-ray diagnosis of tumours and circumscript inflammatory affections of the
      pleura (author's transl)].

PMID- 674613
TI  - [Bronchography as factor of risk in thorax surgery (author's transl)].

PMID- 674614
TI  - [On the statement of gall-bladder films in the standing position for peroral
      cholecystography (author's transl)].

PMID- 674615
TI  - [The use of electroroentgenography in the diagnosis of prostate and bladder
      diseases (author's transl)].

PMID- 674616
TI  - [On Baestrup's syndrome (author's transl)].

PMID- 674617
TI  - [Nuclear physics, radiation protection, roentgen technology. Roentgen exposure
      systems (review report)].

PMID- 674618
TI  - [On the contribution of renal examinations to the radiation exposure of the
      population by X-ray diagnosis (author's transl)].

PMID- 674619
TI  - [On the optimization of technological conditions and methods of radiological
      examinations (author's transl)].

PMID- 674620
TI  - [Recommendations for indication for lymphography in urological tumors].

PMID- 674621
TI  - The inflammatory esophagogastric polyp and fold.
AB  - A radiographic finding, previously undescribed to our knowledge of a polypoid
      defect and prominent fold in the region of the esophagogastric junction was seen
      in 9 patients. We believe this represents a stage in the evolution of chronic
      esophagitis.

PMID- 674622
TI  - Intestinal volvulus: angiographic findings.
AB  - Intestinal volvulus may be the underlying process in patients presenting with
      intestinal ischemia. In 3 patients, angiographic findings of volvulus were
      erroneously interpreted as indicating occlusive or nonocclusive intestinal
      ischemia. In a fourth, the correct preoperative diagnosis was suggested by
      angiographic findings. Volvulus should be suspected at angiography by the
      whirlpool arrangement of the mesenteric arterial branches, the delayed filling
      and emptying of the arteries, and the intense opacification of the bowel wall.
      Familiarity with the angiographic picture of intestinal volvulus is essential for
      early diagnosis and for prompt initiation of appropriate therapy.

PMID- 674623
TI  - Prolonged gallbladder opacification after oral cholecystography.
AB  - Recent reports state that prolonged gallbladder opacification after an otherwise
      normal oral cholecystogram is abnormal and reliably indicates acalculous
      cholecystitis. In 122 patients on a variety of diets, the frequency with which
      prolonged gallbladder opacification is detectable one and two days after oral
      cholecystography was studied prospectively. Prolonged opacification was seen in
      75% of patients and did not occur more commonly in those patients with documented
      gallbladder disease. Prolongation of gallbladder opacification after oral
      cholecystography is common and cannot be used as the sole criterion for the
      diagnosis of cholecystitis.

PMID- 674624
TI  - The effect of nonfractionated and fractionated administration of iopanoic acid on
      gallbladder visualization.
AB  - Visualization of the gallbladder after nonfractionated and fractionated
      administration of iopanoic acid was investigated in a blind experiment. The
      authors studied 168 patients; 73 were given 3 g iopanoic acid over a period of 6
      hours (0.5 g/hour), and 95 received the same amount of contrast medium in a
      single dose. No differences in visualization were found for the two modes in both
      normal and pathological cases.

PMID- 674625
TI  - Hard metal pneumoconiosis: another cause of diffuse interstitial fibrosis.
AB  - Three patients developed diffuse pulmonary fibrosis caused by exposure to
      aerosolized cobalt while working in the tungsten carbide tool industry. Two cases
      were severe and one of these has died of cor pulmonale. The third is mildly
      disabled. The pathophysiology is reviewed. Clinicians and radiologists should be
      aware of hard metal exposure as a cause of diffuse interstitial fibrosis.

PMID- 674626
TI  - Pulmonary actinomycosis. A report of three cases.
AB  - The diagnosis of thoracic actinomycosis is readily made when the patient presents
      with the constellation of poor oral hygiene, pulmonary infiltrates, empyema,
      sinus tracts, and osteomyelitis of the ribs. However, in the absence of rib and
      chest wall involvement, the disease may be overlooked. Three cases of primary
      pulmonary actinomycosis are presented showing three different pulmonary forms of
      the disease and comprising (a) subacute patchy pulmonary infiltrates, (b) a
      cavitary lesion simulating tuberculosis, and (c) a central mass lesion simulating
      bronchogenic carcinoma.

PMID- 674627
TI  - Arterial encasement in xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis.
AB  - A case of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is reported in which arterial
      encasement was demonstrated. Pathologic correlation is shown.

PMID- 674628
TI  - Nonsurgical treatment of splenic-artery aneurysms.
AB  - Splenic-artery aneurysms are commonly found incidentally during abdominal
      angiography. Because approximately 10% of these aneurysms may rupture and lead to
      fatal hemorrhage, surgical treatment is indicated. A new, nonsurgical approach is
      described in which the splenic-artery aneurysm is packed with foreign matter
      introduced through a catheter to induce thrombosis. The procedure can be carried
      out under local anesthesia and is the preferred technique in high-risk patients.
      As more experience is gained with this procedure, it can be performed on an
      elective basis under local anesthesia and the patients can be spared the
      disadvantages of laparotomy.

PMID- 674629
TI  - Renal peripelvic extravasation: a complication of arteriography.
AB  - Renal peripelvic extravasation is a known complication of intravenous urography
      in patients with acute ureteral obstruction. A case of bilateral peripelvic
      extravasation during arteriography is presented. Possible causes for the
      extravasation are discussed.

PMID- 674630
TI  - Extramedullary plasmacytoma.
AB  - Extramedullary plasmacytoma is a rare form of plasma cell dyscrasia, in which
      malignant plasma cell tumors arise outside the bone marrow. The tumor may arise
      in any part of the body but the vast majority occur in the head and neck,
      primarily in the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, or upper airway. Six patients
      with extramedullary plasmacytoma are presented and the clinical and radiographic
      findings are reviewed.

PMID- 674631
TI  - Lipohemarthrosis of the elbow joint.
AB  - Radiographic demonstration of three cases of lipohemarthrosis of the elbow is
      discussed. Lipohemarthrosis is superior to posterior fat pad as a more specific
      sign of elbow trauma because posterior fat pad merely indicates increased intra
      articular pressure while lipohemarthrosis is due only to intracapsular fracture
      or cartilage and/or ligament injury. Little fat accumulated in the anterior
      compartment of the joint can be demonstrated by horizontal-beam technique and
      lipohemarthrosis may conceivably be observed before posterior fat pad is
      displaced dorsally. With horizontal-beam technique, the patient is more
      comfortable and it seems unnecessary to irradiate the other elbow.

PMID- 674632
TI  - CT-assisted pelvic and abdominal aspiration biopsies in gynecological malignancy.
AB  - Twenty-four CT-directed biopsies were performed in 17 women with proved
      gynecological malignancy which had been treated previously by surgery,
      radiotherapy, chemotherapy or a combination of modalities. CT proved superior to
      ultrasound biopsy in that the presence of gas in the bowel does not hinder
      imaging and the use of contrast agents to outline bladder and ureters enables
      identification of pathological masses even in the presence of massive adhesions
      and anatomical distortion. Even in small lesions, CT can locate the tip of the
      needle. The technique, difficulties, specimen handling and clinical relevance are
      discussed.

PMID- 674633
TI  - Mediastinal lipomatosis. CT confirmation of a normal variant.
AB  - Mediastinal lipomatosis is a common benign cause of mediastinal widening. While
      it may be associated with exogenous obesity, steroid ingestion, or Cushing's
      syndrome, these factors often are not present. Evaluation of the mediastinum by
      CT should be the initial diagnostic study in the work-up of patients with
      abnormalities of the mediastinal contour; indeed, in many cases it can eliminate
      the need for other procedures.

PMID- 674634
TI  - Computed tomography and ultrasound in the diagnosis and management of
      neuroblastoma.
AB  - Gray-scale ultrasound and computed tomography were found to be diagnostically and
      clinically valuable in the study of 13 of 17 children with neuroblastoma. Use of
      ultrasound and computed tomography: (a) resulted in diagnoses not possible with
      conventional techniques, such as plain radiographs and excretory urograms; (b)
      defined more clearly the normal and pathologic anatomy in a three-dimensional
      perspective; (c) was an aid in evaluating extra-abdominal manifestations; and (d)
      permitted follow-up after surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy.

PMID- 674636
TI  - Radiography, radionuclide imaging, and arthrography in the evaluation of total
      hip and knee replacement.
AB  - Twenty patients with 21 total joint replacements including 17 hips and 4 knees
      were studied by plain film radiography, radionuclide imaging, and subtraction
      arthrography to evaluate these procedures for assessing prosthetic complications.
      Surgery was performed in 14 patients and confirmed loosening of 8 femoral and 7
      acetabular hip prosthesis components and 1 femoral and 4 tibial knee prosthesis
      components. Plain films suggested loosening of only 9 hip components and no knee
      components. In contrast, radionuclide imaging and subtraction arthrography were
      considerably more effective in demonstrating loosening as well as other causes of
      the painful total joint prosthesis.

PMID- 674635
TI  - Fluid dynamics in cerebral angiography.
AB  - Flow field characteristics are described so that the physician may have a better
      understanding of the mechanical effects of rapid intravascular injection of a
      highly ionized hypertonic solution. Theoretical and experimental results which
      illustrate the fluid dynamics involved are presented. This knowledge may be
      helpful in diminishing the overall complication rate in cerebral angiography and
      in outlining the carotid arterial complex, which is frequently the site of dense
      atheromatous plaque deposition.

PMID- 674637
TI  - Evaluation of sacro-iliitis: comparison of radiological and radionuclide
      techniques.
AB  - A 99mTc count profile of the sacro-iliac region was performed in 14 control
      subjects and in 50 patients with inflammatory pain of the sacro-iliac joints. In
      addition, 85mSr count profiles were recorded in 14 control subjects. The sacro
      iliac/sacral uptake ratio was calculated. There was no significant difference
      between Sr and Tc count profiles. The uptake in patients with sacro-iliitis was
      not above the range for controls. The mean uptake ratio was significantly below
      that for controls, and was lower in cases with radiologically advanced changes
      than in those with few or no signs. This method was not useful for early
      diagnosis of sacro-iliitis.

PMID- 674638
TI  - Oxyphilic adenoma of the parotid gland. Identification with 99mTc-pertechnetate.
AB  - Oxyphilic adenoma of the parotid gland is a rare benign tumor. In the case
      presented, increased concentration of 99mTc-pertechnetate was seen in the tumor.
      The only other neoplasm which is known to consistently concentrate pertechnetate
      is papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum (Warthin's tumor).

PMID- 674639
TI  - Diagnostic significance of persistent colonic gallium activity: scintigraphic
      patterns.
AB  - One hundred and forty-eight gallium scans were reviewed to determine the
      diagnostic significance of colonic gallium activity and its relationship to
      colonic disease. Location or intensity of the activity was unchanged during the
      course of the radionuclide study in 25 patients imaged more than once. Of those
      patients who had colonic gallium activity that did not change in location or
      intensity during the study, 9 had proved colonic disease. The patterns of colonic
      activity were either focal or diffuse. These distinct patterns, however, cannot
      distinguish benign from malignant disease.

PMID- 674640
TI  - 111In Desferal: a new radiopharmaceutical for abscess detection.
AB  - Desferal was labeled with 111In and its distribution was studied in normal mice,
      rabbits bearing turpentine-induced abscesses, and rats bearing Staphylococcus
      aureus-induced abscesses. The results indicate that 111In Desferal may be used in
      abscess detection and localization.

PMID- 674641
TI  - The normal 99mTc-DMSA renal image.
AB  - Renal images of 194 normal subjects given 99mTc-dimer captosuccinic acid (DMSA)
      were reviewed to establish normal values an optimal imaging techniques for this
      new renal agent. Images were consistently of high quality. Normal renal size
      (posterior length) averaged 11.5 +/- 1 cm, and renal radioactivity (functioning
      tubular mass) was equally divided between the left and right kidney. 99mTc-DMSA
      appears to be an excellent renal parenchymal imaging agent.

PMID- 674642
TI  - Discordant imaging of a thyroid nodule with 131I and 99mTc: concordance of 131I
      and fluorescent scans.
AB  - A thyroid nodule, "hot" by 99mTc and "cold" by 131I scanning, was reimaged with a
      fluorescent scanner. The fluorescent scan was qualitatively similar to the 131I
      scan and demonstrated low iodine content in the nodule. This combination of scan
      patterns is compatible with an organification defect in the nodular tissue.

PMID- 674643
TI  - The application of 67Ga scanning in determining the operability of bronchogenic
      carcinoma.
AB  - In a prospective study of 34 patients with histologically proven bronchogenic
      carcinoma, 67Ga scanning of the chest was used to screen for mediastinal
      involvement. Mediastinal scans and pathologic findings were in agreement in 27
      patients. Two patients had false-negative scans and 5 had positive scans but no
      evidence of mediastinal tumor. These results indicate a sensitivity of 89%, a
      specificity of 66.6%, an accuracy of 77% for positive scans, and an accuracy of
      83% for negative scans. Overall correlation between 67Ga scanning of the chest
      and mediastinal-tumor involvement is statistically significant (P = 0.003).

PMID- 674644
TI  - Pentagastrin stimulation of technetium-99m uptake by ectopic gastric muscosa in a
      Meckel's diverticulum.
AB  - A case is described in which the preoperative diagnosis of Meckel's diverticulum
      was made by scintigraphy after the administration of pentagastrin. Pentagastrin
      premedication may be helpful in demonstrating ectopic gastric mucosa in patients
      with gastrointestinal bleeding in whom initial radiopertechnetate scintigraphy is
      equivocal or normal.

PMID- 674645
TI  - Gray-scale ultrasonography of the jaundiced patient.
AB  - In 143 jaundiced patients, ultrasound demonstrated the extrahepatic biliary
      system in 38% of those with medical and 74% of those with surgical jaundice. The
      size of the extrahepatic biliary system indicated that surgical was best
      differentiated from medical jaundice when 5 mm served as the upper normal limit
      for the common hepatic or common bile duct in patients without prior biliary
      surgery. Half of those patients with prior biliary bypass surgery had
      nondiagnostic sonograms. In 22% of the jaundiced patients, no additional imaging
      procedures were performed before definitive therapy. The role of ultrasound in
      evaluating jaundiced patients is discussed.

PMID- 674646
TI  - The use of ultrasound to enhance the diagnostic utility of the equivocal liver
      scintigraph.
AB  - Using state-of-the-art technology in nuclear medicine and ultrasound, directed
      ultrasound examinations were performed with attention to equivocal areas
      identified on hepatic isotope studies. In 100 patients studied prospectively, 100
      equivocal radionuclide findings were identified. Proven diagnoses were obtained
      in 99 cases. Overall accuracy figures were 74% for scintigraphy and 93% for
      ultrasound. Scintigraphy in general showed high sensitivity, but ultrasound
      showed greater specificity and accuracy. It was concluded that a directed
      ultrasound examination is accurate and useful when the hepatic scintigraph is
      equivocal for any reason.

PMID- 674647
TI  - Sensitivity of pancreatic ultrasonography in the detection of pancreatic disease.
AB  - Pancreatic ultrasonography was correct 87% of the time separating patients with a
      normal pancreas from those with an abnormality. Of those patients felt to have a
      normal pancreas by ultrasonography, only 81% wre ultimately found normal. In this
      group, errors occurred primarily in patients with chronic pancreatitis. An
      abnormal pancreatic ultrasonogram is significant and usually indicates disease;
      ultrasonography correctly identified 94% of those patients ultimately found to
      have an abnormal pancreas.

PMID- 674648
TI  - Anatomy and pathology of the kidney by gray scale ultrasound.
AB  - Gray scale ultrasound can define intrarenal structures which could not previously
      be visualized. The normal calyces and infundibula within the renal sinus can be
      evaluated for abnormalities. Parenchymal anatomy (cortex, medulla, and arcuate
      vessels) of the right kidney is best demonstrated with the patient supine, using
      the liver as a window; anatomy of the left kidney is best appreciated using
      coronal scans in the right lateral decubitus position. Criteria and differential
      diagnosis of "Type I" parenchymal changes, in which the echo intensity within the
      cortex is increased, and "Type II" changes, in which there is a focal or diffuse
      disruption of normal renal parenchymal anatomy, are presented.

PMID- 674649
TI  - Midline pineal tumors and suprasellar germinomas: highly curable by irradiation.
AB  - Sixty-one patients with midline pineal tumors and 16 patients with suprasellar
      germinomas were treated with surgical decompression and relatively high-dose
      radiotherapy of the primary site. Results were excellent, and there were no long
      term complications. Ten per cent of midline pineal tumors and 37% of suprasellar
      germinomas metastasized to the cerebral or spinal subarachnoid space within 6
      months to 5 years. Irradiation of the entire neural axis is recommended for
      locally extensive tumors, simultaneous pineal and hypothalamic lesions, and all
      biopsy-proved germinomas. The five-year survival rate was 79% for midline pineal
      tumors and 77% for suprasellar germinomas.

PMID- 674650
TI  - Postoperative irradiation of pterygia: ten more years of experience.
AB  - "Bare sclera" excision followed by 90Sr beta irradiation has been used at
      Bellevue Hospital for more than 20 years as standard therapy for pterygia.
      Primary treatment was successful in approximately 90% of cases, and 80% of the
      failures were salvaged by a second course. This policy is recommended for similar
      patient populations.

PMID- 674651
TI  - Light output and X-ray attenuation measurements for some commercial intensifying
      screens.
AB  - The spectral content and intensity of light emission together with the x-ray
      attenuation have been measured for a selection of commercially available
      intensifying screens used in diagnostic radiology. Incident x-ray beam qualities
      with half value layers between 3.8 to 10 mm AI were employed in order to simulate
      a wide range of clinical situations. The measurements of spectral content
      demonstrate the wide variations in spectral emission which now exist between
      screens employing different phosphor materials. Similarly, a wide variation in
      the intensity of light emission is observed for screens employing different
      phosphor materials and also for screens employing the same material. The
      interrelation of the measured physical properties affects both the system speed
      and noise properties and needs to be considered when comparing the performance of
      different systems.

PMID- 674652
TI  - A method of evaluating and minimizing geometric unsharpness for mammographic X
      ray units.
AB  - A method for measuring and minimizing the effects of geometric unsharpness in
      mammography involves using a star resolution pattern to determine the equivalent
      focal spot size of mammographic x-ray units. With this measurement, the limit of
      resolution at any plane within the breast and the focal spot-to-object distance
      necessary to obtain the desired limit of resolution are determined. Six
      mammographic x-ray units were evaluated with this technique. Results show that
      the resolution capability of four of these units is limited by geometric
      unsharpness, such that the resolution capability of present mammographic
      recording systems is not fully utilized.

PMID- 674653
TI  - The dose-latent period relationship in the irradiated cervical spinal cord of the
      rat.
AB  - The cervical spinal cords of young adult female rats were irradiated with various
      single and fractionated doses of 250 kV x rays. No relationship was evident
      between the dose and the latent period for myelopathy after irradiation of the
      rats' cervical cords, i.e., there was considerable variation in the mean latent
      periods between different groups of animals given a fixed single dose (4,000
      rads). It was concluded that the latent period for myelopathy following
      irradiation of the cervical cord of the rat is not a reliable experimental end
      point for radiobiological investigations.

PMID- 674654
TI  - The "swinging" tube: a new concept.
AB  - A new technique converts a standard biased x-ray tube into a microfocal spot tube
      with a clinically useful loading capacity. If the tube is pivoted exactly through
      the focal spot, the film can be scanned with a 5-10 cm wide beam and cover a 17
      inch field. Then the target angle can be decreased to a few degrees. The width of
      the focal spot can be decreased using a grid bias.

PMID- 674655
TI  - Choosing a contrast material for aortofemoral runoff angiography.
AB  - Aortofemoral runoff angiography was performed 63 times in a total of 21 patients,
      each of whom was injected three times with different contrast materials (60%
      methylglucamine iothalamate, 78%) sodium methylglucamine iothalamate, and 76%
      sodium methylglucamine diatrizoate). Neither the examiner nor the patient was
      aware which contrast material was being given. Significantly fewer patients
      reported severe injection pain with methylglucamine iothalamate than with the
      other two agents.

PMID- 674656
TI  - Computed tomography diagnosis of renal angiomyolipoma.
AB  - Angiomyolipomas with a high fat content can be diagnosed by CT, thus eliminating
      the need for angiography. Surgery can then be tailored for maximal renal tissue
      preservation. One unilateral and two bilateral surgically confirmed cases of
      renal angiomyolipoma are presented with a typical fourth case in which surgery
      was cancelled based on the pathognomonic CT findings.

PMID- 674657
TI  - Experimental and clinical trials of new 99mTc-labeled hepatobiliary agents.
AB  - Several new derivatives of lidocaine were synthesized and used to examine the
      intra- and extrahepatic bile ducts and gallbladder. Diisopropyl-IDA exhibited
      approximately twice the bile concentration of 131I-rose bengal during the first
      hour after injection. P-butyl-IDA also concentrates moderately well in the bile
      and has the added advantage of very low excretion into the urine (2%). It seems
      more effective than the other IDA derivatives at high bilirubin levels.

PMID- 674658
TI  - Assessment of neutron/gamma-ray dose ratios in intracavitary 252Cf neutron
      therapy.
AB  - 252Cf was used to treat tumors of the cervix, vagina, and uterus. Dosimetric
      analysis and assessment of n/gamma ratios achievable under clinical conditions
      indicate that this radionuclide may be useful in gynecologic brachytherapy.

PMID- 674659
TI  - Early clinical experience with a radionuclide emission computed tomographic brain
      imaging system.
AB  - Six selected cases demonstrate the appearance of subdural hematomas, tumor,
      stroke, and abscess on single-photon emission tomography. Conventional
      radionuclide images were obtained on every patient, and computed transmission
      tomographs were obtained on 4 of the patients. This early clinical experience
      suggests several promising areas for further investigation.

PMID- 674660
TI  - Beam anomaly for a cobalt-60 teletherapy machine.
AB  - A beam anomaly due to trimmer bars for a cobalt teletherapy machine and the
      possible consequences in clinical work are reported.

PMID- 674661
TI  - The urinal artifact.
AB  - Abrupt narrowing of the male anterior urethra has been increasingly observed
      during voiding cystourethrography due to extrinsic pressure from a urinal. The
      true nature of this narrowing must be recognized to avoid misinterpretation.

PMID- 674662
TI  - The use of a tip deflecting guide in untying a knotted arterial catheter.
AB  - Although knot formation occurs only rarely in the distal portions of angiographic
      catheters, its prompt recognition and the knowledge of various techniques for
      untying the knot can avoid surgery. The authors describe a unique method for
      untying a catheter knot using a 60 cm .035-in tip deflecting guide.

PMID- 674663
TI  - Xeromammographic cone edge pressure to shift deep lesions into view: a simple
      modification and technique.
AB  - A straight lower edge on the flat side of an open-ended mammographic cone,
      applied firmly downward along the chest wall, may sometimes displace deepseated
      breast lesions into the mammography beam. This can be done with simple materials.

PMID- 674664
TI  - The Cleopatra view in xeromammography: a semi-reclining position for the tail of
      the breast.
AB  - The Cleopatra view is a semi-reclining position with the patient turned and
      leaning slightly backward and to the side. It allows the lateral breast and the
      tail of Spence to be radiographed in contact with the xeromammography cassette.

PMID- 674665
TI  - Improved visualization of the lumbar spine and sacrum in pediatric patients by
      use of the pneumatic compression paddle.
AB  - The lumbosacral spine in infants and young children is usually partially obscured
      on frontal radiographs by gas-filled intestinal loops. Displacement of the
      intestine by an air-filled balloon compression device improves visualization of
      the spine.

PMID- 674666
TI  - A simple buoyancy method for measuring computed tomography phantom material
      densities.
AB  - The author describes a simple method to rapidly and accurately measure the
      densities of randomly shaped CT phantom materials.

PMID- 674667
TI  - An improved needle for localization of nonpalpable breast lesions.
AB  - The author describes an inexpensive 22-gauge flat head needle which permits rapid
      and virtually painless preoperative localization of nonpalpable breast lesions.
      The lesion is transfixed and anchored by the needle to the skin after a mammogram
      is obtained.

PMID- 674668
TI  - Use of a curved multi-hole catheter for abdominal and femoral arteriography.
AB  - A single-curve 6.5 French polyethylene catheter with an endhole and multiple
      sideholes is routinely used by the authors for abdominal aortography and femoral
      arteriography. It allows excellent simultaneous visualization of both renal
      arteries and intrarenal vasculature. When withdrawn to the aorto-iliac
      bifurcation, it allows virtually selective bilateral femoral artery visualization
      in the evaluation of peripheral vascular disease.

PMID- 674670
TI  - Step-wedge sensitometry.
AB  - An aluminum step-wedge filter placed far from the film cassette provides the
      constant variation of subject contrast required for quantitative sensitometry
      while virtually eliminating scatter radiations. Attenuation curves made with this
      configuration are almost exponentially linear.

PMID- 674669
TI  - Computed tomography scans on paper.
AB  - A method to display CT scans on paper has been developed using an electrostatic
      printer. The scans are displayed in threshold and gray level form, allowing the
      radiologist to utilize the CT values in the analysis of the scan. This system
      also has logistic, storage, and economic advantages.

PMID- 674671
TI  - A simple method of using a shadow gonadal shield with closed incubators.
AB  - A small disc of lead placed on top of a closed incubator serves as a simple
      gonadal shield in the neonate. It is easily positioned by use of the collimator
      light.

PMID- 674672
TI  - A 23-gauge sheathed needle: an alternative in transhepatic cholangiography.
AB  - The authors propose the use of the BD 23 gauge sheathed needle as an alternative
      to the Chiba University needle because it permits both the cannulation of normal
      biliary radicales and therapeutic drainage of a dilated system, without increased
      morbidity.

PMID- 674673
TI  - Arteriography in children using an isocentric parallelogram.
AB  - A modified U-am with parallelographic motion is readily usuable for
      serialographic neurological, abdominal, and peripheral angiographic studies in
      infants and children. Clinical experience with the apparatus has demonstrated
      dependable and mechanically simple operation, and confirmed that undistorted
      rotated and sagittally angled views can be obtained without the need for
      repositioning sedated pediatric patients.

PMID- 674674
TI  - Labelled gelfoam in transcatheter arterial embolization of renal cell carcinoma.
AB  - Six patients with renal cell carcinoma underwent transcatheter arterial
      embolization with Gelfoam labelled by metallic clips. The embolization procedure
      was more easily monitored by fluoroscopy, and the complication of peripheral
      embolization was prevented. Tumor regression can be evaluated by changes in the
      distribution of the metallic clips on plain films.

PMID- 674675
TI  - Computed tomography of the pancreas: negative contrast medium.
AB  - The usefulness of polyunsaturated fat, an oral negative contrast material, in
      outlining the stomach and duodenum in computed tomography is described. Some
      advantages and limitations of the contrast material are discussed.

PMID- 674676
TI  - Fluoroscopic replacement of a choledochal U-tube using a steerable catheter.
AB  - The use of steerable catheter for replacement of a U-tube following its
      accidental removal in a patient with incurable cholangiocarcinoma is described.
      The simplicity of the technique, and the advantages for prevention of further
      surgery in these patients are emphasized.

PMID- 674677
TI  - A modified technique for needle localization in arthrography of the shoulder.
AB  - The authors describe a simple technique for establishing satisfactory position of
      the needle in the shoulder joint for arthrography. Local anesthetic is placed in
      the hub of the spinal needle and is often drawn into the joint when the needle
      enters, causing a sudden drop in the fluid level.

PMID- 674678
TI  - Electron-beam radiographs.
AB  - Good portal films can be obtained if the film is left in position throughout the
      daily fraction. Such films can delineate the outlines of the treatment field as
      well as the internal structures, making them valuable for future reference.

PMID- 674679
TI  - A technique for enhancing the visualization of "peritoneal sacs" during inguinal
      herniography.
AB  - Increasing intraperitoneal pressure during inguinal herniography by inducing
      infants to forcefully cry and older children to forcefully cough will enhance
      opacification of peritoneal sacs that are either not apparent or only minimally
      opacified during routine filming. The maneuver is performed with fluoroscopy, and
      spot films are obtained. The technique is discussed and three cases are
      illustrated.

PMID- 674680
TI  - The international system of units (SI)

PMID- 674681
TI  - "Spoke-wheel" angiographic pattern in renal masses: nonspecificity.

PMID- 674682
TI  - Medical malpractice insurance. Part I: A consideration of some of the factors.
AB  - The "crisis" of medical malpractice insurance is a product of a number of
      factors, both social and economic. Physicians, patients, insurance companies, and
      lawyers have all made individual and collective contributions. Social forces,
      changing physicians' roles and reorientation of patient attitudes have made
      institution of litigation against doctors much more culturally acceptable.
      Contingency fees, the need for compensation, and aggressive legal attitudes have
      increased the number of lawsuits and the size of awards, inflation, recession,
      and other economic developments have caused the insurance industry to be
      concerned about their financial welfare. The responses of various groups to these
      factors are presented, and their effect upon the cost and availability of medical
      malpractice insurance are considered.

PMID- 674683
TI  - The systemic therapy of breast cancer.

PMID- 674684
TI  - Ultrasonic assessment of transposition of the great vessels.
AB  - Echocardiography can provide important diagnostic information that identifies the
      transposition complexes, evaluates relative pressure levels in the pulmonic and
      systemic circuits, describes subpulmonic obstruction, and identifies some
      associated congenital anomalies. Following the Mustard procedure, baffle
      dysfunction may be recognized, and the function of the procine heterograft used
      in the Rastelli procedure studied. Echocardiography can also demonstrate other
      congenital cardiac defects that may mimic transposition of the great vessels or
      reveal normal cardiac and great vessel anatomy and function that can reliably
      rule out the transposition complexes.

PMID- 674685
TI  - Natural history of obstructive coronary artery disease: ten-year study of 601
      nonsurgical cases.
AB  - The most important factors in the prognosis of coronary artery disease are the
      number of arteries severly obstructed, significant involvement of the left main
      coronary artery, and generalized impairment of left ventricular function or
      ventricular aneurysm. Other prognostic influences at least partially independent
      of these factors are the severity of functional impairment imposed by angina
      pectoris, electrocardiographic evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy or
      conduction defects, hypertension, and diabetes. Candidates for bypass operation
      have a better prognosis than noncandidates, but difference in left ventricular
      function is responsible. Refinement of prognostic precision will depend largely
      on future improvement in measurement of obstructive disease and left ventricular
      function serially and better knowledge of the cause or causes of coronary artery
      disease.

PMID- 674686
TI  - Regulation of a multipotent stem cell, the interstitial cell of hydra.

PMID- 674687
TI  - Inactivation of the sodium permeability in squid giant nerve fibres.

PMID- 674688
TI  - Stability analysis of biochemical systems--a practical guide.

PMID- 674689
TI  - [Anomalous mobility on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      with special reference to plant virus coat proteins (author's transl)].

PMID- 674690
TI  - [Assay methods for beta-lactamase activity and their application (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 674691
TI  - Effect of methylated prostaglandin E2 analogue on insulin secretion in man.
AB  - Previous studies of the effect of E series prostaglandins /PGs/ on insulin
      secretion gave conflicting results in animals and little information in man. This
      study was designed to determine the effect of methylated PGE2 analogue /15/S/- 15
      methyl PGE2 methyl ester/, given orally, intraduodenally or intravenously, on
      insulin secretion, both under basal conditions and in response to intraduodenal
      or intravenous administration of glucose in 22 male volunteers. Methylated PGE2
      kept basal serum insulin level unchanged, but significantly reduced insulin
      response by 15 +/- 6 microunits/ml to intravenous glucose pulse injection /0.1
      g/kg/ or by 45 +/- 11 microunits/ml to intraduodenal glucose infusion /0.5 g/kg
      hr/. Blood glucose level was unaffected in tests with intraduodenal methylated
      PGE2, but in tests with intravenous administration it was significantly reduced.
      These studies demonstrate that methylated PGE2 analogue given orally,
      intraduodenally or intravenously results in a potent suppression of insulin
      response to glucose challenge.

PMID- 674692
TI  - Stimulation of microsomal prostaglandin synthesis by a vasoactive material
      isolated from blood plasma.

PMID- 674693
TI  - Synthesis of some aromatic prostaglandin analogs.
AB  - Some aromatic prostaglandin analogs, having a benzene (2a, 2b) and a
      dimethoxybenzene (1) ring in place of the cyclopentane moiety, have been
      synthesized. The key intermediates in the syntheses were lactols 9 and 5, which
      were elaborated to the final products via two olefination reactions. Compound 2b
      was twice as potent as phenylbutazone and nine times as potent as aspirin in
      inhibiting prostaglandin synthetase activity.

PMID- 674694
TI  - Nicotinic acid inhibits thromboxane synthesis in platelets.

PMID- 674695
TI  - Perfusion rate dependent prostaglandin release from isolated rabbit kidneys.
AB  - Isolated rabbit kidneys were perfused with 37 degrees C Krebs-Henseleit solution
      aerated with 95% O2 + 5% CO2. Perfusion rate was varied from 1 to 10 ml/min. This
      was accompanied by parallel changes of perfusion pressure, prostaglandin
      excretion and release of radioactivity from kidneys with 14C-arachidonic acid
      incorporated into the tissue lipid pool. It is suggested that enhancement of
      perfusion rate raises the intrarenal pressure which increases renal prostaglandin
      release due to increased substrate availability.

PMID- 674696
TI  - Low prostaglandin concentrations cause cardiac rhythm disturbances. Effect
      reversed by low levels of copper or chloroquine.
AB  - In perfused male rat hearts concentrations of prostaglandins (PGs) E2 and F2alpha
      in the range 1 pg/ml to 10 ng/ml (2.8 X 10(-12) to 2.8 X 10(-8)M) consistently
      caused rhythm irregularities. Higher concentrations had no effect themselves and
      stabilized rhythm in hearts made unstable by lower concentrations. Copper ions
      (as the sulphate) at 2 X 10(-6)M stabilized hearts made unstable by PGs and when
      present prior to the PGs prevented PG induced disturbances. Chloroquine also
      reversed PG-induced rhythm changes.

PMID- 674697
TI  - Burimamide is a selective inhibitor of thromboxane-A biosynthesis in human
      platelet microsomes.

PMID- 674698
TI  - The lack of an effect of furosemide on uterine prostaglandin metabolism in vivo.
AB  - We determined the effect of 2 mg/kg intravenous furosemide on the production and
      metabolism of prostaglandin E2 in the utero-placental unit of pregnant dogs.
      Uterine venous prostaglandins E2 and 15-keto-13,14-dihydro E2 were measured by
      gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Even though the dose of furosemide was
      adequate to effect a good diuresis, neither the production nor the metabolism of
      prostaglandin E2 by the uterus was altered by that dose of the drug. Using
      radioactive microspheres to measure hemodynamic parameters, we observed no change
      in uterine vascular resistance while renal vascular resistance decreased.
      Although the renal concentration of furosemide may be higher than the
      uteroplacental concentration, there is so far no evidence in vivo that usual
      doses of furosemide enhance the production or inhibit the metabolism of
      prostaglandin E2.

PMID- 674699
TI  - Administration of prostaglandins by various routes for induction of abortion.
      Merits and demerits.
AB  - Prostaglandin F2alpha and its methyl analogues were used for induction of
      abortion in 598 patients with gestational age from 9 to 20 weeks. Different
      routes of administration were studied and various dosages given. The incidence of
      gastrointestinal side effects were within acceptable range for all methods. Both
      intra-amniotic injections of 50 mg PGF2alpha and 2.5 mg 15-methyl PGF2alpha as
      well as intramuscular and vaginal administration of 15-methyl PGF2alpha or its
      methyl ester, respectively, were highly effective in termination of pregnancy.
      The intramuscular route was, however, associated with the highest frequency of
      gastrointestinal side effects. If both efficacy and side effects were taken into
      consideration, the intra-amniotic and vaginal routes were superior. The ease of
      administration as well as the applicability over a wider range of gestation in
      termination of pregnancy may, however, in many situations speak in favour of the
      repeated vaginal administration of 15-methyl PGF2alpha methyl ester.

PMID- 674700
TI  - Formation of thiosulfate [35S] by neutron irradiation of potassium chloride and
      preparation of elementary sulfur [35S].
AB  - Potassium chloride was subjected to various kinds of pretreatments and irradiated
      in a nuclear reactor. Irradiated potassium chloride was dissolved in deaerated
      aqueous solution of several sulfur-salts. A portion of the solution was
      chromatographed on a thin layer chromatographic plate and the distribution of 35S
      chemical species was determined. Irradiation of potassium chloride degassed at
      3x10(-4)Torr resulted in the formation of about 60% of 35S in the form of
      thiosulfate and remainder was distributed among sulfide, sulfate and elementary
      sulfur. Thiosulfate[35S] was converted to elementary sulfur[35S] first by
      reducing to hydrogen sulfide [35S] with nascent hydrogen and then by oxidizing
      the latter to elementary sulfur[35S] with hexacyanoferrate(III). Elementary
      sulfur[35S] was finally extracted into benzene. Radiochemically pure elementary
      sulfur[35S] could be produced by simple procedures with a yield of about 60%.
      Thiosulfate[35S] was decomposed with acid to elementary sulfur[35S] and
      sulfur[35S] dioxide. The former was separated by centrifuging and dispersed in
      boiling water to form colloidal suspension of elementary sulfur[35S].
      Approximately 40% of 35S was recovered as colloid.

PMID- 674701
TI  - [Synthesis of 14C-labelled prazepam (author's transl)].
AB  - In order to study the metabolic fate of prazepam (PZ), a new synthetic method of
      [5-14C]PZ(I) and [sidechain-14C]PZ (II) was investigated. The synthesis of these
      labelled compounds has already been described by E. J. Merrill, et al., but their
      method requires many synthetic steps and the yield is unfavorably poor. We have
      recently found much more convenient and efficient method, which is summarized
      below. 2-Iodo-4-chloroaniline was cyanized with Cu14CN obtained from K14CN, then
      reacted with phenylmagnesium bromide, hydrolyzed with conc. HCl to give [carbonyl
      14C]2-amino-5-chloro-benzophenone(ACB). ACB was bromoacetylated, aminated with
      NH3 in MeOH, then heated and cyclized to [5-14C]desalkylprazepam(DPZ) according
      to the usual procedure. DPZ was converted to its Na salt with MeONa, then reacted
      with cyclopropylmethyl bromide in DMF to give I (2.61 mCi/mmol) with the overall
      yield of 41.9% from K14CN. [5-14C] Diazepam was also obtained by using MeI
      instead of cyclopropylmethyl bromide. On the other hand, 14CO2 generated from
      Na214CO3 and H2SO4 was reacted with cyclopropylmagnesium bromide to give
      [carboxyl-14C]cyclopropanecarboxylic acid, which was reduced with LiAlH4, then
      naphthalenesulfonylated to [alpha-14C]cyclopropylmethyl 2-naphthalenesulfonate.
      Na salt of DPZ was treated with the naphthalenesulfonate in DMF to give II
      (3.45mCi/mmol) with the overall yield of 36.9% from Na214CO3.

PMID- 674702
TI  - [99mTc-pertechnetate neck uptake in the evaluation of thyroid function--simple
      method with gamma camera and pinhole collimator (author's transl)].
AB  - The neck uptake ratio of 99mTcO4- was measured using a gamma camera and pinhole
      collimator. The patient was sit 2 m apart from the collimator surface and
      radioactivity was counted 20 minutes after injection. The whole body count with
      lead shield (Cc) and without shield (Cd), and natural background count (CBG) were
      measured. As the shield was utilized the B filter for conventional thyroidal 131I
      uptake test (lead plate of 1.3 cmx10 cmx10 cm) and it was placed over the
      anterior neck to cover the thyroid gland at the measurement of (Cc). Then 99mTcO4
      neck uptake ratio was calculated as following: (formula: see text) The mean
      values were 5.3%, 4.5%, 3.1%, 11.2% and 20.7% in the group of euthyroid,
      hypothyroid, subacute thyroiditis, hyperthyroid state with chronic thyroiditis
      and Graves' disease, respectively. This method is very convenient and simple to
      perform following scintigraphy of the thyroid gland with pinhole collimator.

PMID- 674703
TI  - [103Ru for tumor scanning--a comparative study on tissue distributions of 103Ru
      chloride and 103Ru-citrate in tumor-bearing animals (author's transl)].
AB  - Biological distribution of 103Ru in mice bearing Ehlrich's solid tumor and rats
      bearing AH-130 solid tumor were studied with two compounds of 103Ru, the chloride
      and citrate. The radioactivity of 103Ru-chloride showed slower excretion and
      higher tumor concentration than that of citrate. The tumor-to-muscle ratios of
      chloride were always higher, but the tumor-to-blood ratios were always lower than
      those of citrate. No significant difference was founds between 103Ru-chloride and
      citrate as tumor scanning agents.

PMID- 674704
TI  - [Development of subtracted nephrogram using 131I-hippuran sequential scintigraphy
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Subtracted nephrogram was developed using 131I-hippuran sequential scintigraphy.
      An Anger-camera and on-line minicomputer system (HITAC-10, 16KW) was employed for
      data processing. In the present study, after 500microCi of 131I-hippuran was
      injected intravenously, sequential images were stored as 10-second frames of
      digitalized data for 20 minutes and these images were transferred into the
      magnetic tape. RI dynamic curves in the areas of interest such as substantial and
      pelvic regions were extracted by comparison with regional renograms with varimax
      method. Subtracted nephrogram was attempted which calculated the differences in
      RI concentration between two images of substantial and pelvic phase in the
      digitalized image and displayed as functional images on a CRT. These methods were
      applied clinically in various renal diseases. It was demonstrated that subtracted
      nephrogram was proved to be a method by which the dynamic process of renal
      function was represented by a single display. And subtracted nephrogram was shown
      to delineate the functioning renal substance and pelvis clearly and to correspond
      with the findings of pyelography. In conclusion, these method seemed to be useful
      for quantitative evaluation of substantial or pelvic function and for the
      differential diagnosis of various renal diseases.

PMID- 674705
TI  - [A device for continuous moving of film to measure radon by alpha-track method
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 674706
TI  - Synthesis of m-Bromophenol-14C6 with high specific activity.

PMID- 674707
TI  - Synthesis of 14C-labelled benzofuran derivative.

PMID- 674708
TI  - [Simultaneous measurement of coincidence and anticoincidence spectra using anti
      Compton gamma-spectrometer (author's transl)].

PMID- 674709
TI  - [Determination of serum triiodothyronine using RIA-gnost T3 (author's transl)].

PMID- 674710
TI  - [Fundamental study on T4 PEG Riapac kit (author's transl)].

PMID- 674711
TI  - [Bone scintigraphy with 99mTc-HEDP (author's transl)].

PMID- 674712
TI  - [Plasma cholesterol in human schistosomiasis mansoni].

PMID- 674713
TI  - New data on the association between PTC tasting and tuberculosis.

PMID- 674714
TI  - [Effect of coitus on sperm transport and fertilization in rabbits].
AB  - The number of spermatozoa into the Fallopian tubes and levels of in vivo
      fertilization were measured following different treatment. The results show that
      copulation by the artificially inseminated animal has a strong influence on the
      transport of the rabbit spermatozoa and "in vitro" fertilization. This
      constitutes some more evidence about the physiological role played by the utero
      tubal junction.

PMID- 674715
TI  - Conformational changes in antigen-stimulated lymphocytes detected with 1-anilino
      8-naphthalene sulphonate.
AB  - The hydrophobic fluorescent probe, 1-anilino-8-naphthalene sulphonate (ANS), has
      been used to study conformational changes of mouse antigen-stimulated lymphocytes
      in vivo. Studies revealed that early conformational changes appear in Bovine
      Serum Albumin-- or Sheep Erythrocytes-- stimulated splenic and thymic
      lymphocytes. These conformational changes are detected by fluorescence intensity
      changes, when ANS is bound to lymphocytes. The kinetic studies further indicate
      that the course of conformational changes may vary considerably depending on
      antigens.

PMID- 674716
TI  - Effect of estradiol benzoate on the proliferation of osteogenic cells in fetal
      rat fibulae cultured in vitro.
AB  - The influence of estradiol benzoate on the proliferation of bone cells was
      investigated in vitro by radioautography. The fibulae from 19-day fetal rats were
      pulse-labeled with 3H-thymidine after various periods of culture on estrogen
      supplemented (5 microgram/ml) or control media. The analysis of radioautographs
      revealed that the cell division was restricted to osteogenic cells of
      undifferentiated appearance. No label was found in osteoblasts or in osteoclasts.
      At the time of explantation, about 30% of osteogenic cells were labeled. However,
      this percentage varied considerably after different intervals of culture. In the
      control bones, it decreased during first 12 hours to 15% and then rose slowly to
      attain a preculture value after 48 hours. In the presence of estradiol, the
      initial decline of labeled cells was less pronounced. The percentage recovered to
      a preculture level already after 24 hours and continued to increase thereafter.
      The numbers of labeled osteogenic cells, in estrogen-treated bones, were
      significantly higher than in controls already after 12 hours of culture. It is
      concluded that the fetal rat bones undergo in vitro a period of adaptation to a
      new environment as indicated by a transient decrease of dividing cells. Estradiol
      benzoate appears to shorten this period by stimulating the proliferation of
      undifferentiated cells.

PMID- 674717
TI  - [Current data on the physiopathology of diabetic retinopathy].

PMID- 674718
TI  - [Value of ophthalmic artery pressure in craniocerebral injuries].

PMID- 674719
TI  - [Glaucoma secondary to serious burns of the anterior pole of the eyeball].

PMID- 674720
TI  - [Histopathological aspects of corneoconjunctival intraepithelial epitheliomas].

PMID- 674721
TI  - [Place of macromolecular preparations in ophthalmological therapy].

PMID- 674722
TI  - [Protected filtrating operations in glaucoma].

PMID- 674723
TI  - [Extended trabeculotomy].

PMID- 674724
TI  - [The role of fixation, refraction and age at the onset of the disease, in the
      therapeutic prognosis of functional amblyopia].

PMID- 674726
TI  - [Therapeutic aspects of primary epithelioma of the eyelids].

PMID- 674725
TI  - [Indomethacin treatment in corneoconjunctival burns. Preliminary note].

PMID- 674727
TI  - [An orbital tumor evolving concurrently with a seminoma].

PMID- 674728
TI  - [Parinaud's dermo-epithelioma].

PMID- 674729
TI  - [A case of exogenous glaucoma with multiple etiology].

PMID- 674730
TI  - [Comparative study of visual function in myopia forte corrected with eyeglasses
      and contact lenses (Medigel 38 percent)].

PMID- 674731
TI  - [Autoadaptogram and its use].

PMID- 674732
TI  - [Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis].

PMID- 674733
TI  - [Application of a simple method of gas-liquid chromatography for the analysis of
      urinary steroids in normal and pathological conditions].

PMID- 674734
TI  - [Study of insulinemia and plasma concentration of certain metals in diabetes
      mellitus].

PMID- 674735
TI  - [Does hypercorticism exist in obesity?].

PMID- 674736
TI  - [Fever of unknown origin. Diagnosis and treatment based in 32 cases].

PMID- 674737
TI  - [Parameters of bone mass in the normal Spanish population].

PMID- 674738
TI  - [Intracranial phlebothrombosis and oral contraceptives: report of 2 cases and
      review of the literature].

PMID- 674739
TI  - [Renoureter abnormalities and diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 674740
TI  - [Significance of subepithelial deposits of collagen in celiac disease of the
      adult].

PMID- 674741
TI  - [Monoclonal transient IgG gammapathy and chronic renal infection].

PMID- 674742
TI  - [Hemorrhagic pericarditis secondary to metastatic primary jejunal
      adenocarcinoma].

PMID- 674743
TI  - [Usual presentation of Hodgkin's disease].

PMID- 674744
TI  - [Selective IgA deficiency (apropos of 3 cases with peculiar clinical
      manifestations, in 2 of them reappearing of IgA after immunosuppression therapy].

PMID- 674745
TI  - [Silver Russell's syndrome].

PMID- 674746
TI  - [Gastrojejunocolic fistula and blind loop syndrome: Report of a case].

PMID- 674747
TI  - [Acute mesenteric thrombosis].

PMID- 674748
TI  - [Determination of circulant immunocomplexes in glomerulonephritis by
      precipitation with polyethylene glycol].

PMID- 674749
TI  - [Lecithin activity: serum cholesterol acyltransferase in hepatic diseases].

PMID- 674750
TI  - [Immunoglobulins and serum complements in diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 674752
TI  - [Etiology of electrocardiographic disorders in cerebrovascular accidents I)
      Changes in acid-base balance and kalemia].

PMID- 674751
TI  - [Electrocardiographic changes in diseases of the central nervous system].

PMID- 674753
TI  - [Etiology of the electrocardiographic disorders in cerebrovascular accidents and
      brain tumors. II) Clinico-anatomical correlation study].

PMID- 674754
TI  - [Pancreatic echography. Study of 80 cases].

PMID- 674755
TI  - [Clinical considerations on Weil's disease].

PMID- 674756
TI  - [Incidence of hyperlipemia in a general hospital. Apropos of a review of 2,200
      histories].

PMID- 674757
TI  - [Syncope by torsade de pointe. Etiologic and therapeutic considerations. Apropos
      of a case].

PMID- 674758
TI  - [Hyperthrophic idiopathic subaortic stenosis associated to angiodisplasia of the
      ascendent colon (report of a case and review of the world literature)].

PMID- 674759
TI  - [Non excreting myeloma. Apropos of 2 cases].

PMID- 674760
TI  - [Acute renal failure caused by rifampicin. Anuric glonerulopathy caused by
      rifampicin].

PMID- 674761
TI  - [Muckle-Wells' syndrome. Study of a family].

PMID- 674762
TI  - [Prolonged remission with colchicine in a case of familial mediterranean fever].

PMID- 674763
TI  - [Hypoplasia of the right pulmonary artery associated to other abnormalities. A
      new variation of scimitar syndrome?].

PMID- 674764
TI  - [Physiopathology of cellular abnormality in nocturnal paroxysmal hemoglobinuria].

PMID- 674765
TI  - [Abnormalities of lipids in multiple myeloma].

PMID- 674766
TI  - [Endocrinologic study of 12 cases of primary empty sella turcica].

PMID- 674767
TI  - [Hairy cell leukemia. Morphological, optical, electronic, cytochemical and
      immunological studies in 5 cases].

PMID- 674768
TI  - [Adrenal function and renin activity of plasma in patients with cystic fibrosis].

PMID- 674769
TI  - [Hepatocutaneous porphyria in our area: report of 26 cases. 1) Clinical and
      biochemical aspects].

PMID- 674770
TI  - [Streptococcus groups (B-O). Clinical and bacteriological aspects].

PMID- 674771
TI  - [Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis. Review of the literature and presentation of
      3 new cases].

PMID- 674772
TI  - [Spontaneous pneumothorax. Review of 36 episodes in 33 patients].

PMID- 674773
TI  - [Incidence of respiratory aspergillosis in patients with chronic bronchopulmonary
      disease].

PMID- 674774
TI  - [Surgical treatment of pulmonary emphysema].

PMID- 674775
TI  - [Systemic lupus erythematosus associated with nocardiosis].

PMID- 674776
TI  - [Fetal monitoring during hemodialysis during pregnancy].

PMID- 674777
TI  - [Segmental and focal familial hyalinosis].

PMID- 674778
TI  - [Behcet's syndrome. Comments on a clinical case].

PMID- 674779
TI  - [Intraneural ganglion. Apropos of a personal observation].

PMID- 674780
TI  - [Syndrome of caudal regression. Presentation of 4 cases].

PMID- 674781
TI  - [Heart catheterization in the newborn by percutaneous route].

PMID- 674782
TI  - [Considerations on complicated luetic aortitis].

PMID- 674783
TI  - [Effects of induced hypothermia with extracorporeal circulation on the renal
      function].

PMID- 674784
TI  - [Echocardiographic study of electrical changes].

PMID- 674785
TI  - [Congenital heart block. Clinical, hemodynamic and histological studies in 7
      cases].

PMID- 674786
TI  - [Value of echocardiography in Marfan's syndrome].

PMID- 674787
TI  - [Medium aortic gradient: a simplified method for its calculation].

PMID- 674788
TI  - [Echocardiographic manifestations of Wolff-Pakinson-White syndrome].

PMID- 674789
TI  - [Wenckeback's phenomenon between an electrical pacemaker and the ventricle].

PMID- 674790
TI  - [A-V conduction disorders in progressive muscular dystrophy. Report of 2 cases].

PMID- 674791
TI  - [Persistent acute ischemia. Clinical, electrocardiographic and hemodynamic
      findings].

PMID- 674792
TI  - [Left hypoplasic ventricle. Anatomoclinical study of 23 cases].

PMID- 674793
TI  - [Regression of pulmonary hypertension after mitral valve surgery].

PMID- 674794
TI  - [Interventricular communication associated to an aneurysm of the membranous
      septum: Ecgocardiographic and hemodynamic studies].

PMID- 674795
TI  - [Perfusion with prostaglandins (PGE) in newborn infants with acute cardiopathy].

PMID- 674796
TI  - [Importance of permeability of the 1st diagonal in anterior infarcts].

PMID- 674797
TI  - [Latent Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. Apropos of a 5-year-old girl with
      tachycardia since birth].

PMID- 674798
TI  - [Therapeutic management of the association of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and
      silent mitral stenosis. Report of a case].

PMID- 674799
TI  - [Tachycardia in WPW. Importance of the retrograde refractory period of the His
      Purkinje system].

PMID- 674800
TI  - [Cell regeneration in the digestive tract].

PMID- 674801
TI  - [Infectious diarrhea. Pathogenesis, prevention and treatment].

PMID- 674802
TI  - [Hepatic immunology].

PMID- 674803
TI  - [Pathogenesis and medical treatment of cholesterol biliary calculi].

PMID- 674804
TI  - [Methodics and study of the results obtained in our consult of natality control
      and sexual orientation (author's transl)].

PMID- 674805
TI  - A survey of headache in an English city.

PMID- 674806
TI  - The epidemiology and genetics of migraine.

PMID- 674807
TI  - Migraine in childhood.

PMID- 674808
TI  - Autogenic biofeedback treatment for migraine.

PMID- 674809
TI  - Acupuncture in headache.

PMID- 674810
TI  - Cryosurgery of headache.
AB  - The use of cryosurgery applied to the sphenopalatine area (artery and ganglion)
      plus the superficial temporal and occipital branches of the external carotid
      artery has proven worthwhile in a majority of patients in whom this procedure has
      been used since 1968. Experience includes almost 700 procedures in more than 500
      patients who have answered to follow-up. The procedure is not a major operation,
      is repeatable and, until the ideal drug is discovered, offers a better than
      average change for definite improvement in vascular headache.

PMID- 674811
TI  - Does implantation occur in the presence of an IUD?

PMID- 674812
TI  - The discriminative stimulus properties of cyclazocine: generalization studies
      involving nalorphine, morphine and LSD.
AB  - Rats learned to discriminate cyclazocine (2 mg/kg, i.p.) from saline using a two
      lever operant (FR-4) procedure within 10 sessions under each drug condition. The
      cyclazocine discriminative stimulus (DS) was both dose- and time-related, being
      antagonized by naloxone at doses approximately 80 times that necessary to block
      the discriminative stimulus effect of morphine. Cyclazocine also generalized to
      nalorphine, but not to morphine, pentazocine or LSD. These data suggest that
      cyclazocine produced DS control of behavior by acting at CNS sites different from
      those affected by morphine or LSD.

PMID- 674813
TI  - Rat hippocampal norepinephrine response to cholinesterase inhibition.
AB  - In this study, 13 groups of rats were injected with the insecticide Disulfoton (0
      0-diethyl S-2-[(ethylthio) ethyl] phosphorodithioate), sacrificed after various
      time intervals and levels of hippocampal norepinephrine determined. Results
      indicate that this cholinesterase inhibiting compound caused a significant
      decrease (congruent to 14%) in hippocampal norepinephrine within 3 hours of
      exposure. This reduction was maintained for at least 48 hours. Titers of
      norepinephrine had returned to control levels when measured 5 days after a single
      drug administration. Chronic poisoning also caused depressed norepinephrine
      levels, although not significantly below those observed in acutely treated
      animals.

PMID- 674814
TI  - Effect of 6-hydroxydopamine incubation on noradrenaline accumulation and on
      contractile responses in the rat anococcygeus muscle.
AB  - The contractile responses of the rat anococcygeus muscle to sympathomimetics,
      dopaminergic agonists and 5-hydroxytryptamine, but not to acetylcholine, were
      inhibited by phentolamine (10(-5)M). Following 6-hydroxydopamine incubation (10(
      3)M for 3h), the accumulation of noradrenaline was inhibited, contractile
      responses to noradrenaline were potentiated, responses to tyramine were abolished
      and responses to acetylcholine were unaltered. Thus, any spasmogen activity due
      to release of noradrenaline in this muscle was abolished by 6-hydroxydopamine
      incubation. This method was used to characterise the direct and indirect actions
      of some sympathomimetics. In addition, dopaminergic agonists and 5
      hydroxytryptamine may also act by releasing noradrenaline in this preparation.

PMID- 674815
TI  - In vivo disposition and metabolism of enkephalins: relationship to analgesic
      properties.
AB  - After intravenous injection, both Met5-enkephalin and D-Ala2-Met5-enkephalinamide
      rapidly entered the brains of mice. Both peptides obtained similar
      concentrations. The t-1/2 for D-Ala2-Met5-enkephalinamide in the brain (0.7
      minutes) corresponds roughly to its analgesic t-1/2 (1.7 minutes); thus, rapid
      metabolism appears to account for the short duration of analgesia seen with this
      compound. Met5-enkephalin, on the other hand, although attaining similar brain
      concentrations, failed to elicit analgesia. Rapid metabolism alone does not
      account for this lack of analgesic effect.

PMID- 674816
TI  - Tissue distribution and excretion of 14C-epichlorohydrin in male and female rats.
AB  - The tissue distribution and excretion of 14C-epichlorohydrin was studied in both
      male and female rats following an oral dose of 10 mg/kg. Organs containing the
      highest concentrations of radioactive label per unit weight were the kidneys,
      liver, pancreas, ann spleen. With the exception of the pancreas, these are the
      same organs in which epichlorohydrin-induced pathologic changes have been
      reported by a number of investigators, indicating a direct correlation between
      tissue levels and target organ toxicity. The principal route of excretion was via
      the kidneys, 38-40% of the dose appearing in the urine during the 72 hour period
      of study. Fecal excretion was relatively insignificant, representing less than 4%
      of the administered dose. It was found that 18-21% of the administered dose
      appeared as 14CO2 in the expired air, the majority being excreted in the first 4
      hours, suggesting a rapid and extensive biotransformation of the compound.

PMID- 674817
TI  - Studies of the interrelationship between plasma norepinephrine, plasma renin
      activity and acute myocardial infarction in dogs.
AB  - Serial determinations of plasma norepinephrine and renin activity were made in
      dogs following acute ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery.
      Increases in both substances closely paralleled increases in creatine
      phosphokinase activity, heart rate and the incidence of ventricular premature
      contractions. Following acute myocardial infarction, significant correlations
      were found to exist between plasma norepinephrine and plasma renin activity and
      between the levels of these vasoactive substances and the measured indices of
      ischemic damage. These data suggest that changes in vasoactive systems associated
      with myocardial infarction may contribute to the extent of ischemic injury.

PMID- 674818
TI  - Calcium augmentation of enzyme leakage from mouse skeletal muscle and its
      possible site of action.
AB  - Creatine kinase efflux from isolated mouse skeletal muscle was monitored in the
      presence of various concentrations of Ca2+ or La3+ over a 5 hour period. Ca2+
      levels between 10(-3) and 10(-2)M augmented enzyme leakage to greater than 300%
      above control. La3+, which is said to displace Ca2+ from sarcolemmal and t-tubule
      membranes, depressed enzyme efflux at concentrations between 10(-5) and 10(-3M.
      These data indicate that extracellular Ca2+ mediates in vitro enzyme efflux, and
      may be acting on the sarcolemma and its extensions. These observations may prove
      useful in developing new means to regulate enzyme leakage in various muscle
      disorders.

PMID- 674819
TI  - Chemical compositional studies of erythrocyte membranes in Duchenne muscular
      dystrophy.
AB  - Erythrocytes from patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) are known to
      possess a number of structural and functional abnormalities, including an
      increased osmotic fragility and potassium permeability, a decreased deformability
      and altered electrophoretic behaviour. To explore the possible chemical basis of
      these changes, the compositional properties of erythrocyte membranes from
      patients with DMD and a number of suspected carriers for this disorder have been
      investigated. Quantitative analyses of membrane cholesterol, sialic acid and
      major phospholipid classes were normal in both groups of individuals and no
      alterations in the arrangement of membrane amino and sulfhydryl groups could be
      detected. It is suggested that increased levels of cellular calcium, possibly
      occurring as the result of a defect in active calcium extrusion, could account
      for the structural and functional abnormalities of erythrocytes in DMD.

PMID- 674820
TI  - Prostatic cellular changes after injection of cadmium and lead into rat prostate.
AB  - Forty male rats were divided into four groups. Group I served as control. Group
      II received 1 mg. lead injected into the prostate; Group III received 1 mg.
      cadmium chloride; and Group IV received 0.5 mg. lead acetate and 0.5 mg. cadmium
      chloride. Results indicated that lead caused stone formation in the bladder and
      calcification of both bladder and prostate; cadmium caused reduction in size and
      weight of prostate, and histological observation showed marked atrophy of the
      gland, cuboidal epithelium, and squamous metaplasia in the acini of the prostate;
      there was no synergistic effect of lead acetate and cadmium chloride when
      combined at the level administered to Group IV.

PMID- 674821
TI  - Laser light scattering bioassay for 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ARA-C, NSC
      63878).
AB  - A bioassay method for the estimation of ara-C in biological samples which
      utilizes laser light scattering from suspensions of drug-sensitive bacteria has
      been developed. The species employed in the assay was Streptococcus faecium var.
      durans resistant to methotrexate and 6-mercaptopurine. In less than four hours,
      serum and urine levels of ara-C can be reproducibly measured using the method. A
      sample volume of 0.1 ml containing 30 ng/ml may be assayed with a precision of +/
      10 percent. The present studies further confirm the utility of the method as a
      rapid and relatively inexpensive assay methodology of broad application. Time
      variations of drug serum levels and urinary excretion rates in dogs are compared
      via the differential light scattering (DLS) assay, standard disc diffusion assay,
      and radiosotopic assay. The results obtained by the various methods are in
      excellent agreement.

PMID- 674822
TI  - A study of the effect of CO2 on experimental neuroblastoma.
AB  - The effects of high concentrations of CO2 on experimental murine neuroblastoma
      tumor were studied. Similar to the experience with the animal model of Wilms'
      tumor, the local growth of this neuroblastoma model was not affected by
      concentrations of 76% and 55% of CO2 applied for 10 and 30 minutes. The tumor
      bearing animals exposed to different CO2 concentrations tended to develop
      metastases more frequently than the control groups, although no change in
      survival was noted. Different animals and additional tumor models could be used
      by others to study the effects of different CO2 concentrations at different
      exposure times.

PMID- 674823
TI  - Resistance to a transplantable rat mammary tumor (DMBA 8BT) after pre-treatment
      with syngeneic fetal cells.
AB  - Mid-term syngeneic fetal cells, injected according to an optimal schedule,
      protect female Fischer 344 rats against a transplantable mammary tumor (DMBA
      8BT). This protection is complete against an inoculum of up to 5 x 10(5) cells,
      an amount which leads to a 100% tumor take without pre-treatment. Multiparity
      does not protect against this tumor model.

PMID- 674824
TI  - The identification and measurement of two new metabolites of naltrexone in human
      urine.
AB  - Two metabolites of naltrexone were identified in human and rat urine following
      drug administration. The metabolites, 2-hydroxy-3-0-methylnatrexone and 2-hydroxy
      3-0-methyl-6 beta-naltrexol, were identified by comparison of their respective
      gas chromatographic retention times and methane chemical ionization spectral
      patterns with authentic standards. The standards were obtained by chemical
      synthesis from naltrexone. Urinary excretion of the two metabolites was measured
      by single ion recording of the pseudomolecular ions of the metabolites and an
      internal standard. Excretion data was collected from 5 human subjects over a
      period of 5 days following a single dose of naltrexone. The metabolites, 2
      hydroxy-3-0-methylnatrexone and 2-hydroxy-3-0-methyl-6 beta-natrexol were found
      to account for an average (+/- standard error) of 0.45 +/- 0.08% and 4.6 +/- 2.1%
      of the administered dose, respectively. An unusually long half-life of
      elimination of the latter metabolite (mean of 20.2 +/- 1.8 hr) was observed. Acid
      hydrolysis of the samples failed to produce a significant increase of either
      metabolite indicating that the major protion of these metabolites is excreted in
      the free form.

PMID- 674825
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate.
AB  - The pharmacokinetic behavior of the reduced folate coenzyme, 5
      methyltetrahydrofolate, was studied in the rat. Following oral administration the
      coenzyme was well absorbed from the intestinal tract and was bound to serum
      proteins. Plasma disappearance occurred in two exponential phases with a t1/2
      alpha of 23.5 min and t1/2 beta of 8.5 hr. 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate appeared to
      be readily taken up by the tissues and was excreted in the urine primarily in the
      initial 4-8 hr. with minimal degradation in the process.

PMID- 674826
TI  - Centrally mediated hypotension and bradycardia induced by an aminotetralin
      derivative: TL-68.
AB  - An aminotetralin derivate, N,N-dipropyl-2-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (TL
      68) induced a prolonged decrease in blood pressure and heart rate when
      administered i.v. in anesthetized cats. The compound inhibited the blood pressure
      and heart rate responses induced by central stump stimulation of the sciatic
      nerve indicating inhibition of sympathetic transmission. TL-68 caused a weak
      inhibition of the positive chronotropic response induced by stimulation of the
      cardioaccelerator nerve. When comparatively low doses of TL-68 were injected into
      the left vertebral artery, a considerable dose-dependent decrease in blood
      pressure and heart rate developed. The same doses had only small or negligible
      effects on blood pressure and heart rate when given intravenously. When TL-68 was
      injected into a lateral cerebral ventricle of unanesthetized rats, a significant
      hypotension and bradycardia was observed which could be prevented by prior
      intraventricular injection of phentolamine. The results suggest that this
      compound exerts its effect through a central mechanism of action, perhaps by
      stimulation of alpha-adrenoreceptors.

PMID- 674827
TI  - Effects of ketamine on brain monoamine levels in rats.
AB  - The effects of ketamine (50 mg/kg i.p.) on brain monoamines, including
      epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin and its metabolite 5-hydroxy
      indoleacetic acid, were studied in three groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats. A
      rapid, simple, accurate, and sensitive spectrophotoflurometric method was
      developed to determine monoamines extracted from rat brain. Ketamine
      significantly increased brain epinephrine (25%), serotonin (28%) and 5-hydroxy
      indoleacetic acid (32%) in rats. In contrast, norepinephrine (43%) and dopamine
      (58%) levels were significantly reduced at 30 minutes. The increase in
      epinephrine (13%) and decrease in norepinephrine (31%) and dopamine (38%) levels
      remained significant 12 hours after ketamine injection. Serotonin and 5-hydroxy
      indoleacetic acid levels returned to almost normal in ketamine pretreated animals
      after 12 hours. Thus, the ability of ketamine to interfere with monoamine
      metabolism was revealed.

PMID- 674828
TI  - Effects of prolonged administration of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol on the
      autonomic and cardiovascular function and regional hemodynamics in mongrel dogs.
AB  - Cardiovascular and autonomic functions of the dogs treated with delta 9
      Tetrahydrocannabinol (delta 9-THC) 2 mg/kg/day for 35 days, were evaluated under
      pentobarbital anesthesia. Treated animals required significantly less
      pentobarbital in comparison with that of the placebo group. However, the
      interaction between delta 9-THC and pentobarbital at central vagal structures
      noted in the 7-day chronic study was not evident in the present study. Similarly,
      vagolytic effects of THC reported in acute studies could not be demonstrated
      following 35-day treatment. Reflex bradycardia responses to intravenous
      norepinephrine and phenylephrine were potentiated in the treated animal. These
      actions were similar to that of clonidine; however, unlike clonidine, this
      potentiation was due to enhanced withdrawal of sympathetic tone. While there was
      a significant reduction in the resistances of mesenteric and femoral vascular
      beds, the overall pulmonary and systemic hemodynamics of the treated animals
      remained unchanged. An analysis of the ventricular function curves indicated the
      prolonged administration of delta 9-THC to the mongrel dogs for 35 days failed to
      produce any adverse alterations in the myocardial contractility and function.

PMID- 674829
TI  - Methylthio metabolites of naphthalen excreted by the rat.
AB  - Eight methylthio metabolites have been found as urinary products of the
      metabolism of naphthalene in the rat. One was 1-methylthionaphthalene. A second
      was a methylthio analog and the dihydrodiol, and a third was naphthalene
      substituted with one hydroxyl and one methylthio group. Two compounds with common
      structural elements were found; one of these was prepared by synthesis from anti
      1,2:3,4-naphthalene dioxide and one from 1 beta, 2 alpha-dithyroxy-3 alpha, 4
      alpha-epoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene by reaction with 2-keto-4
      methylthiobutyric acid or with methionine. Each of these compounds contained one
      methythio group and three hydroxyl groups substituted on a tetrahydronaphthalene
      structure. Two metabolites with two methylthio groups and two hydroxyl
      substituents on a tetrahydronaphthalene ring were also detected; one of these was
      prepared by synthesis from the dioxide. The most likely metabolic origin of these
      methylthio metabolites is through the reaction of epoxides (including the
      diepoxide) with a nucleophile which may be methyl mercaptan, 2-keto-4
      methylthiobutyric acid, or methionine.

PMID- 674830
TI  - Analysis and disposition of low dose oral propranolol.
AB  - A sensitive and specific fluorometric high pressure liquid chromatography
      technique was used to measure propranolol concentrations in the plasma of three
      healthy volunteers following an oral 10 mg dose of propranolol hydrochloride.
      Peak propranolol concentrations were 6 to 8 ng/ml and half-lives ranged fro 2.5
      to 5.6 hours. The threshold concept for hepatic uptake or oral propranolol is
      less marked than previously reported.

PMID- 674831
TI  - A comparison of ascorbic acid excretion with other indicators of nitrosamine
      hepatotoxicity.
AB  - All of the 4 noncarcinogenic nitrosamines (NA) and 4 of 7 carcinogenic
      nitrosamines examined increased the urinary ascorbic acid output after oral
      administration to rats. Of the remaining carcinogenic nitrosamines, dimethyl-NA
      decreased, and diethyl-NA and methyl-n-pentyl-NA only marginally affected
      ascorbic acid output. All of the carcinogenic nitrosamines, except dipentyl-NA,
      increased pentobarbital-induced sleeping time (PST), serum glutamic oxalacetic
      transaminase (SGOT) and produced loss of glycogen and necrosis in the
      centrologular area of the liver after 1 or 3 oral doses. In contrast,
      noncarcinogenic nitrosamines and dipentyl-NA shortened PST and had no effect on
      liver histology (light microscopy) and SGOT. Generally, changes in ascorbic acid
      output correlated neither with carcinogenicity nor acute hepatotoxicity of known
      nitrosamines, hence the ascorbic output could not be used to predict the
      carcinogenicity of unknown or untested nitrosamines.

PMID- 674832
TI  - Preparation of immobilized L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in tubular form for
      depletion of L-phenylalanine.
AB  - The enzyme L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (EC 4.3.1.5), which catalyzes the
      conversion of L-phenylalanine into trans-cinnamic acid, was adsorbed in the walls
      of asymmetric hollow fibers and covalently bound to the innerwall of small bore
      nylon tubing. Multi-tubular enzyme reactor cartridges were constructed both from
      hollow fibers and nylon tubes and the capacity of the reactors to degrade
      phenylalanine at physiological concentrations was evaluated in perfusion studies
      at different flow rates ranging from 30 to 80 ml/min. Hollow fiber enzyme
      reactors showed significantly higher activity than nylon tube reactors of
      commensurable dimensions and this finding is attributed to the difficulties in
      immobilizing L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase via covalent linkages. The results
      suggest that extracorporeal use of such multi-tubular enzyme reactors offer a
      promising approach to deplete serum phenylalanine levels.

PMID- 674833
TI  - Nickel and strontium distribution in some mouse tissues. Passage through placenta
      and mammary glands.
AB  - Radioactive isotopes of strontium or nickel (89Sr and 63Ni) were injected ip as
      chlorides on adult female mice and the distribution and retention studied in
      several soft and hard tissues, including tissues of fetuses and sucklings. The
      strontium concentration was comparable in liver, kidney and heart and higher than
      that of brain tissue. The acid soluble part of the mineralized tissues showed a
      strontium concentration 100-1000 times that of the soft tissues. Progeny
      receiving strontium through placenta or through mammary glands showed a
      distribution pattern similar to that of their mother, with retention of strontium
      in mineralized tissue. The nickel concentration was larger in the kidney than in
      other organs investigated. No nickel affinity was found for mineralized tissues.
      Nickel was readily passed through placenta and mammary glands. Contrary to
      findings for strontium, the nickel concentration in tissues of fetuses was higher
      than that of their mother.

PMID- 674834
TI  - Inhibition by trichlormethiazide of catecholamine release from perfused bovine
      adrenals.
AB  - Effect of thiazides on catecholamine release was examined using perfused bovine
      adrenal glands in vitro. Thiazides, such as trichlormethiazide and
      methyclothiazide inhibited catecholamine release evoked by carbamylcholine
      although they did not inhibit catecholamine release evoked by excess potassium.
      Thus it seems that these drugs inhibit catecholamine release release by an
      anticholinergic mechanism. Such inhibitory effect of thiazide on catecholamine
      release may be involved in the antihypertensive effect of these drugs.

PMID- 674835
TI  - Resistance of the histamine H2 receptor in guinea-pig heart to blockade by
      phenoxybenzamine.
AB  - Phenoxybenzamine is a potent irreversible H1 receptor antagonist in a variety of
      tissues. In order to assess the ability of this agent to antagonise the H2
      receptor, we have examined the effects of phenoxybenzamine on the histamine
      induced positive inotropic effect in electrically driven strips of guinea-pig
      right ventricle. Even at concentrations as high as 10(-4)M no significant change
      in the responses to histamine was observed. It is concluded that the histamine H2
      receptor is unexpectedly resistant to antagonism by 2-haloalkylamines.

PMID- 674836
TI  - Modulation of hepatic aldehyde dehydrogenase by carbidopa.

PMID- 674837
TI  - Experimental acute hypothermia and intestinal cellular integrity.
AB  - Shaven and unshaven rats were exposed to a cold stress at 4 degrees C for 6 hr
      (SE and UE). Control animals remained at room temperature (SC and UC).
      Hypothermia was induced in group SE, with mean rectal temperature of 22.0 +/- 2.0
      degrees C (+/- S.E.M.). All other groups were normothermic, had similar arterial
      pO2 and hepatic tryptophan oxygenase levels. Acute hypothermia induced a
      sloughing of cells from the villi into the lumen of the gut, as indicated by an
      increased DNA in luminal washings. However, there was an unimpaired 3H-thymidine
      incorporation into the DNA of the intestinal mucosal cells and those present in
      lumina washes. Intestinal disaccharidases and alkaline phosphatase were not
      altered. This suggests that more severe cellular alterations reported earlier in
      hypothermia may have been caused by associated factors other than a decreased
      body temperature.

PMID- 674838
TI  - Experimental induction of caseous lymphadenitis in sheep by intralymphatic
      inoculation of Corynebacterium ovis.
AB  - Lesions histologically similar to those of natural caseous lymphadenitis
      developed in sheep popliteal lymph nodes following injection of viable
      Corynebacterium ovis cells into afferent lymphatic ducts. Histopathological
      examination of affected lymph nodes suggested that exotoxin might be involved in
      the establishment, progressive development and persistence of caseous
      lymphadenitis lesions through localised cytotoxicity.

PMID- 674839
TI  - The proportions of muscle, bone and fat in two different types of dog.
AB  - This study compares the proportions of muscle, bone and fat (obtained by gross
      dissection) in greyhounds--a breed selected for high speed running--and other
      dogs, both at maturity and during growth. In adults the proportion of muscle is
      significantly greater in the 'athletic' greyhound. The proportion of muscle
      decreases but not significantly with detraining. Adult greyhounds have less fat
      (even when detrained) than other dogs, but the skeleton provides a similar
      proportion of liveweight in both types of dog when adult. The greater growth rate
      of muscle in athletes explains the difference in adult proportions.

PMID- 674840
TI  - Electrocardiograms 32 2-tooth Romney rams.
AB  - Mean time interval (with 95 per cent confidence limits) for the ECGs of 32 2
      tooth Romney rams were: P wave duration, 0.054s (0.044s--0.065s); PR interval,
      0.110s  (0.081s--0.139s); QRS duration, 0.044s (0.028s--0.071s); QT interval,
      0.135s (0.277s--0.356s); and ST segment, 0.192s (0.157s--0.228s).

PMID- 674841
TI  - Bovine babesiosis: severity and reproducibility of Babesia bovis infections
      induced by Boophilus microplus under laboratory conditions.
AB  - A total of 61 intact Holstein-Friesian calves were exposed to Babesia bovis (= B
      argentina) by the injection of infected blood or the application of infected
      Boophilus microplus larvae. Tick-induced infections were uniformly severe, even
      when induced by relatively small numbers of infected ticks. In contrast, calves
      infected with carrier blood experienced mild, subclinical reactions despite
      detectable parasitaemia. The greater severity of tick-induced reactions appeared
      to be due to the large number of infective doses injected by each infected tick
      rather than greater virulence of tick versus blood-origin babesiae. The severity
      of tick-induced babesiosis was related to the age of the experimental calves,
      with more severe reactions and high mortality occurring among older animals. The
      mean daily temperature rise increased with age and was highest in 15 animals
      dying of babesiosis. No relationship could be found between peripheral blood
      parasitaemia, packed cell volume reduction and mortality in tick-induced
      infections. One thousand larvae from infected colonies induced babesiosis in all
      of 29 animals exposed. Although larval transmission of B bovis is difficult to
      quantitate, there would seem to be no objection to using a controlled tick-borne
      challenge in the laboratory for assessment of susceptibility.

PMID- 674842
TI  - The occurrence, prevalence and transmission of Bacteroides nodosus infection in
      cattle.
AB  - Following reports of findings of ovine foot-rot flora in the feet of cattle, a
      study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of Bacteroides nodosus infection
      in the apparently normal cattle population. We found that 34.5 to 74.2 per cent
      of the animals examined on different farms had B nodosus present in one or more
      feet. B nodosus was not the most prevalent bacterium observed in smears from
      cattle. Other Gram negative species including Fusiformis necrophorus and many
      Gram positive cocci and coccobacilli were also present. Macroscopic lesions in
      the interdigital skin characterised by erosion and hyperkeratosis were usually
      associated with the occurrence of B nodosus. B nodosus isolated from cattle
      induced mild interdigital dermatitis in experimental cattle and sheep and the
      infection was transmitted to recipient cattle and sheep under field conditions.
      Virulent foot-rot of sheep was not transmitted to recipient cattle in conditions
      where the disease spread to susceptible sheep.

PMID- 674843
TI  - Observations on the ovaries of zebu cattle in Northern Nigeria.
AB  - A morphological study was carried out on ovaries of 236 local zebu cattle.
      Ovaries from 189 of the cattle were found to be abnormal grossly. Histological
      observations indicated changes due to old age. The findings are discussed in
      relation to the occurrence of low reproductive efficiency in cattle in Northern
      Nigeria.

PMID- 674844
TI  - Isolation of mycoplasmas from pneumonic sheep lungs in the Sudan.
AB  - Sixty-four pneumonic sheep lungs were examined for mycoplasmas. Eleven isolates
      were recovered and were identified on generally accepted criteria as mycoplasma.
      Four isolates were lost during storage and the remaining seven were divided on
      the basis of their colonial appearance and other biological properties into two
      groups.

PMID- 674845
TI  - Some evidence of an age susceptibility to contagious bovine pleuropneumonia.
AB  - In two separate experiments it was shown that cattle over three years of age were
      more resistant to contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) than younger animals.
      A statistical analysis of the results of one of the trials indicated that the
      difference in the response to challenge between calves less than one year old and
      animals between two and three years old was not significant. However, when these
      two groups were compared with animals over three years old the results were
      highly significant (P less than 0.001). When death was used as the sole criterion
      of response to challenge a similar picture was seen: nine 14 calves died, four of
      15 animals aged between one and two years died, five of 11 animals aged between
      two and three years died, none of 16 animals aged over three years died. No
      attempt is made to explain this increase in resistance with increasing age. It is
      suggested that a better knowledge of the factors that influence resistance and
      susceptibility would be of value in understanding the pathogenesis of CBPP. It is
      recommended that to ensure maximum susceptibility of control animals in vaccine
      trials, all animals used should be less than  three years old.

PMID- 674846
TI  - The role of Penicillia in ryegrass staggers.
AB  - Tremorgenic strains of Penicillium verrucosum var cyclopium, P canescens, P
      janthinellum, P novaezeelandiae and P estinogenum were isolated from the faeces
      of 15 of 23 affected sheep and cattle in eight of nine field outbreaks of
      ryegrass staggers. One tremorgenic strain of P griseofulvum was isolated from the
      faeces of one of 25 sheep grazing in unaffected flocks. Tremorgenic strains of P
      verrucosum var cyclopium, P canescens, P janthinellum and P estinogenum were also
      isolated from the A horizon of New Zealand soils. Since a large proportion of
      experimentally dosed live P verrucosum var cyclopium died during passage through
      the gut, the faecal evidence from naturally staggering animals suggests that at
      least some outbreaks of ryegrass staggers are caused by tremorgenic Penicillia
      and that their source may be soil.

PMID- 674847
TI  - The use of copper levels in hair to diagnose hypocuprosis.
AB  - The possibility of using hair to help diagnose hypocuprosis was investigated.
      Diets containing different levels of molybdenum and sulphur were fed to nine
      Hereford steers. Liver reserves of copper were depleted rapidly when dietary
      levels of molybdenum and sulphur exceeded 2.7 mg/kg and 3.8 g/kg respectively.
      Following the onset of diarrhoea, liver reserves of copper were repleted by
      injecting copper glycinate. Samples of liver, blood and hair were collected at
      regular intervals and analysed for copper. Progressive changes in liver levels of
      copper were closely paralleled by changes in copper levels in hair and plasma.
      Relationships between copper levels in liver and plasma, and the liver and hair
      were both shown to be asymptotic. Plasma and hair levels were sensitive to
      changes in liver reserves below about 20 microgram/g, but changed little above
      this level. Sampling variation was shown to be less with hair than with plasma.
      It was concluded that copper levels in hair are a useful diagnostic aid in
      detecting hypocuprosis. Hair provides an integrated record of copper availability
      during its period of growth, and thus may be preferred to blood plasma which
      represents only a spot sample in time.

PMID- 674848
TI  - Surgical techniques for the serial sampling of cerebrospinal fluid and for
      electrocorticography in cattle.
AB  - During the investigation of a familial neurological disease of cattle with some
      similarities to human epilepsy serial sampling of lateral ventricular and
      cisternal cerebrospinal fluid and of electrocortical activity was undertaken. In
      this paper the surgical approach, the technical problems encountered and some
      solutions are discussed. Further possibilities for the development and
      application of the technique are indicated.

PMID- 674849
TI  - The absorption of dietary manganese by dairy cows.
AB  - Additional manganese, sufficient to increase the dietary concentration to
      approximately 1000 mg/kg, was administered to one cow for four and another for
      seven days. Manganese concentrations in portal and mesenteric plasma were
      increased by a mean of 3.9 microgram/litre above the concentration in systemic
      plasma. This increment is equivalent to the absorption of 0.54 per cent of the
      administered manganese. The cow which received manganese for seven days showed
      after six days larger increases in systemic plasma manganese concentration which
      may indicate a toxic effect of excess manganese upon the liver.

PMID- 674850
TI  - Investigation of a cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity response as a means of
      detecting Salmonella dublin infection in cattle.
AB  - Delayed hypersensitivity reactions developed 48 to 96 h after intradermal
      injection of killed Salmonella dublin in 25 of 28 cattle which had been
      inoculated intravenously, and in five of 10 cattle which had been inoculated
      orally with S dublin 24 to 493 days previously. Control animals showed no delayed
      hypersensitivity reactions. Persistence of infection in five of the intravenously
      inoculated and in four of the orally inoculated animals was confirmed by
      isolation of S dublin from the carcases at necropsy one week after skin testing.
      Failure to isolate the organism from the carcases of 21 animals which had reacted
      positively to the intradermal test did not eliminate the possibility of their
      being carriers of S dublin. Skin testing was concluded to be a reliable means of
      identifying animals which had been, and possibly still were, infected
      systemically with S dublin. However recovered animals might be falsely identified
      as infected. Repeated testing gave misleading results.

PMID- 674851
TI  - The isolation of an atypical Mycobacterium from three wood pigeons with
      tuberculosis-like lesions.
AB  - Cultural and biological tests were carried out on the livers and spleens of three
      wood pigeons. Acid-fast organisms were observed in histological sections and
      smears taken from tuberculosis-like lesions in the organs. Biological tests
      revealed that all the isolates sensitised the guinea pig to avian tuberculin. One
      was pathogenic for chickens while the remaining two were non-pathogenic. All were
      non-pathogenic for rabbits and domestic pigeons. The organisms could not be
      cultured on conventional media for Mycobacterium tuberculosis or media containing
      mycobactin. However they were readily maintained on 7H11 media. These results
      indicate a separate species of mycobacterium related to M avium.

PMID- 674852
TI  - The effect of induced hypocalcaemia on the cardiac output and blood pressure of
      dairy cattle.
AB  - A mean reduction of plasma calcium level to 51 per cent of normal infusion of 4.7
      per cent Na2EDTA solution into four cows was associated with a mean reduction of
      48 per cent in cardiac output. Hypocalcaemia sufficient to produce sternal
      recumbency in a further four cows resulted in a highly significant fall in the
      mean arterial blood pressure, which returned to normal immediately after
      treatment with an intravenous infusion of 350 ml of 32.5 per cent calcium
      borogluconate.

PMID- 674853
TI  - Alkaline phosphatase activity in the small intestine of the sheep.
AB  - The distribution of intestinal alkaline phosphatase activities has been studied
      in 27 adult sheep. There is a descending gradient of activity from duodenum to
      ileum. The location of the enzyme along the small intestine is suggestive of its
      involvement in absorption mechanisms.

PMID- 674854
TI  - Observations on toxicity to mice of rumen fluid from sheep fed roughage or
      concentrate diets.
AB  - Raw rumen liquor derived from sheep fed a wheat grain plus limestone diet was 2.5
      times more toxic when injected into mice than liquor from sheep fed lucerne
      chaff. Liquors from transitional diets were of intermediate toxicity. Lactic acid
      was apparently not the toxic factor and relatively high molecular weight
      substances are implicated.

PMID- 674855
TI  - Genetic resistance to helminths. Comparison of the development of Ostertagia
      circumcincta infections in Scottish Blackface sheep of different haemoglobin
      type.
AB  - Over the years a number of investigators have reported that sheep with
      haemoglobin A are more resistant to Haemonchus contortus than animals of the same
      breed with haemoglobin B. The experiment described here was an attempt to
      ascertain whether a similar association might exist between haemoglobin type and
      resistance to non-haematophagic parasites. The results indicate that such a
      relationship might exist, since Scottish Blackface sheep with HbA showed milder
      biochemical and pathophysiological changes than their HbB counterparts and at the
      same time harboured smaller numbers of adult worms and more inhibited larvae when
      necropsied 16 days after a primary infection with 100,000 Ostertagia circumcincta
      third-stage larvae.

PMID- 674856
TI  - Comparison of single breath and steady state methods for the measurement of
      pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide in non-homogeneous lungs.
AB  - The effect of non-uniformity in the distribution of ventilation and diffusion on
      the apparent pulmonary diffusing capacity measured by the single breath and
      steady state techniques has been assessed on the basis of a two-compartmental
      lung model. Both the methods give reasonable estimates of the true diffusing
      capacity provided the fast compartment has a greater KCO. The reverse of this
      results in gross underestimation of the diffusing capacity by both methods. There
      is a fairly good correlation between the single breath and the steady state
      results both in theory as well as in practice.

PMID- 674857
TI  - [Haemodynamic data, blood gas measurements and coagulation disorders in acute
      respiratory failure of patients with chronic lung disease (author's transl)].
AB  - 24 subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were investigated in the
      course of acute respiratory failure defined by hypoxaemia, hypercapnia and
      respiratory acidosis. Haemodynamic data of right heart catheterization and
      coagulation tests were particularly studied. 12 of these subjects had right heart
      failure defined by a rise of right ventricular end-diastolic pressure above 10
      Torr. Coagulation tests brought evidence of consumption coagulopathy in 8
      patients, 7 of whom had right heart failure. Data suggest a significant
      correlation between right heart failure and coagulation disorders in patients
      with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. These
      disturbances, accompanied by reduction of pulmonary vascular area, could be in
      part related to the presence of microthrombi in pulmonary arterial vessels.

PMID- 674858
TI  - Respiratory drive in idiopathic alveolar hypoventilation.
AB  - Respiratory drive in a patient with central alveolar hypoventilation was assessed
      by mouth occlusion pressure method. Respiratory drive was almost abolished in
      this patient.

PMID- 674859
TI  - [Relation between actual barometric pressure at sea level and alveolar and
      arterial pO2: correlations in 3,054 coal workers with and without pneumoconiosis
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The correlation between barometric pressure and arterial oxygen pressure has been
      investigated in 3,054 coal miners. Furthermore, the correlation between alveolar
      oxygen pressure and alveolar-arterial oxygen pressure difference and barometric
      pressure has been investigated in 1,669 coal miners. For low and for high pO2a
      there are significant correlations to barometric pressure, in particular for the
      young age groups. PO2A and AaDO2 show closer correlations to barometric pressure
      in the middle range of pO2a (65--84 mm Hg). This points to different regulating
      mechanisms. A correction with a uniform factor is not possible and, for clinical
      purposes, unnecessary, since the influence of changing barometric pressure on
      pO2a is only about 1--3 mm Hg.

PMID- 674860
TI  - Studies on bronchoalveolar cells in humans. I. Preliminary morphological studies
      in various respiratory diseases.
AB  - A preliminary investigation has been carried out on bronchoalveolar cells
      obtained following lavage in various respiratory diseases. Of 23 cases observed,
      7 have been studied in detail, 6 cases provided insufficient material for
      investigation, and the data obtained from the remaining 10 cases were
      inconclusive. Considerations are made with regard to the value of bronchial
      lavage in clinical diagnosis and cell studies.

PMID- 674861
TI  - Pleural effusion--presenting sign in multiple myeloma.
AB  - A patient with multiple myeloma in whom recurrent right pleural effusion was the
      presenting sign of the disease is reported. An IgA (k) monoclonal component was
      found in both the pleural effusion and the serum. The bone marrow specimen was
      interpreted as typical for multiple myeloma and the pleural fluid contained
      numerous plasma cells. Treatment with cyclophosphamide was followed by clinical
      improvement and the disappearance of the pleural effusion.

PMID- 674862
TI  - Unusual presentations of tuberculosis of the pleura.
AB  - 3 cases of an unusual presentation of tuberculosis of the pleura which should be
      differentiated from neoplasm have been described.

PMID- 674863
TI  - Measurement of total lung capacity by a roentgenography-planimetry method in
      children 4-16 years of age.
AB  - We have demonstrated the reliability of the planimetric method for the
      determination of total lung capacity (TCL) in children aged 4-16 in comparison
      with TLC measured by the plethysmography method. We have found power function
      formulas to be of greater potential usefulness than linear, logarithmic or
      exponential formulas for calculating TLC by the planimetric technique.

PMID- 674864
TI  - Effects of added airway dead space on VO2 in dogs.
AB  - In dogs breathing spontaneously with added dead space, 198, 298 and 548 ml, the
      O2 consumption is a function of minute ventilation. This relationship (VO2 = 9.3
      VE + 81.6; r = 0.95) was the same as that found in dogs breathing spontaneously
      with normal dead space. With added dead space, average tidal volumes increased
      but not enough to compensate for the added volume and, thus, dogs achieved
      alveolar ventilation mainly by using the fatest molecules of gas in the airway,
      because of the conical shape of the velocity profile of gas molecules. When the
      values for VO2 and f were grouped according to different VTS, VO2 was found to be
      a linear function of f. Also, for a given f, VO2 increased progressively with VT;
      however, the higher the f, the more taxing a given increase in VT was. Over a
      certain range of respiratory frequencies, dogs could reduce f and increase VT
      without significantly affecting VO2.

PMID- 674865
TI  - Respiratory drive in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
AB  - Respiratory drive (deltaP 0.1/deltaPCO2) and ventilatory response
      (deltaVE/deltaPCO2) to CO2 has been estimated in 20 normal subjects and 28
      patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In patients with
      COPD, drive and ventilatory response to CO2 were diminished, but no statistical
      correlation with FEV1, MBC, TLC, FRC, RV/TLC was found. A statistically negative
      correlation was found between blood bicarbonate and drive or ventilatory response
      to CO2. Patients with emphysema and normal PaCO2 demonstrated normal deltaP
      0.1/deltaPCO2. In contrast, patients with chronic bronchitis with the same
      pulmonary function abnormalities and hypercapnia had significant diminution of
      the deltaP 0.1/deltaPCO2. Therefore, we feel that pulmonary function
      abnormalities alone cannot explain the deltaP 0.1/deltaPCO2 decrease; in most
      cases there sould coexist a diminished respiratory sensitivity.

PMID- 674866
TI  - Indirect assessment of lung compliance in chronic lung diseases.
AB  - The slope of the flow volume curves was analysed in 20 normal subjects 28
      patients with irreversible chronic airway obstruction, 24 patients with bronchial
      asthma, 8 patients with diffuse interstitial fibrosis and 7 patients with
      extensive bronchiectasis. Time constant of the system was taken as the slope of
      the curve between 50 and 25% of the vital capacity. When considered along with
      plethysmographically obtained airway resistance, an indirect estimate of the lung
      compliance was obtained. Significant differences in the estimated lung compliance
      in the normal subjects, patients with obstructive lung disease or diffuse
      interstitial fibrosis were demonstrated.

PMID- 674867
TI  - [Computation of the in- and expiratory gas-dynamic breathing efficiency].
AB  - The mathematical model for a computation of the mean airway resistance is
      extended by formulae for the calculation of the gas-dynamic breathing efficiency
      in the in- and expiratory phase.

PMID- 674868
TI  - [Hemoglobin oxygen affinity in children on chronic hemodialysis].
AB  - We have studied the changes induced by hemodialysis in the blood oxygen affinity
      in a group of 8 children with chronic kidney failure. Before dialysis: the
      affinity was low - P50 (7.40) = 28,3 Torr. Such a decreased affinity could
      explain in part why the important anemia (2 million RBC on average) observed in
      these patients was well tolerated. The observed decrease in hemoglobin oxygen
      affinity was attributed to an increase in 2-3 diphosphoglycerate (2-3 DPG)
      concentration, resulting from a high level of inorganic phosphates. After
      dialysis: the plasmatic pH increased markedly (7.52) with a consequent increase
      in the blood oxygen affinity in vivo (Bohr effect). No substantial change in 2-3
      DPG concentration on P50 (7.40) occurred during hemodialysis.

PMID- 674869
TI  - Further studies on pulmonary oedema of high altitude. Abnormal responses to
      hypoxia of men who had developed pulmonary oedema at high altitude.
AB  - 101 Indian soldiers, 57 of whom had developed pulmonary oedema of high altitude
      (POHA) and 44 who had not developed this condition in spite of being at high
      altitudes for over 2 years, were investigated for observing the differences, if
      any, in their reaction to acute hypoxic stress. Each subject was made to breathe
      a 10% hypoxic mixture for 5 min. Haemodynamic parameters like pulmonary artery
      pressure (systolic, diastolic and mean), brachial artery pressure, wedge
      pressure, cardiac output, minute ventilation, arterial oxygen saturation and
      oxygen uptake before and at the end of hypoxic breathing were estimated. In
      addition, results of the cold pressor test were recorded and the Vd/Vt ratio was
      estimated. The results obtained in the present study confirmed those obtained in
      our previous studies. In addition, it was observed that oxygen uptake was
      significantly higher and oxygen saturation lower after hypoxia in the POHA
      subjects than in the controls. Certain parameters for screening of subjects
      possibly susceptible to POHA have been suggested.

PMID- 674870
TI  - Incidence of pulmonary embolism in deep venous thrombosis.
AB  - Abnormal radionuclide phlebograms were found in 65 patients in whom simultaneous
      perfusion lung scintigrams and phlebograms were performed. All these patients
      were on adequate treatment with heparin for deep venous thrombosis. In 28% of the
      cases, the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism was made because they had abnormal
      perfusion lung scans with normal chest radiograph and clinical symptoms of
      pulmonary embolism.

PMID- 674871
TI  - Early stage of fulminant idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis cured by intense
      combination therapy using cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone.
AB  - A 19-year-old patient was treated who developed a life-threatening pulmonary
      insufficiency after having suffered from a flu-like illness for 13 days. Lung
      biopsy revealed an early stage of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Chemotherapy by
      prednisone alone proved ineffective. A combination of prednisone and massive
      doses of cyclophosphamide and vincristine, however, was effective in halting the
      rapid progression of the disease. The patient recovered gradually; the results of
      the pulmonary function tests were close to normal 2 weeks after the onset of
      therapy. Lung biopsy showed normal lung histology 7 months later. The patient has
      had no complaints at all for more than 3 years after the episode so that we may
      assume that he recovered fully.

PMID- 674872
TI  - Measurement of the PO2 transcutaneously with an oxymeter: a new method for
      patients in intensive care.
AB  - Transcutaneous measurement of the arterial PO2 is a practicable method for
      clinical routine work. The covering, calibration and placing of the electrodes
      are simple. If the circulation is normal, there is a strong correlation between
      the arterial and transcutaneous PO2. The stability of the electrode permits its
      employment for long-term monitoring. Recalibration is necessary every 12 h.
      Comparison with blood gas analysis is essential for control. After measuring for
      5-6 h, blistering under the electrode may occur. The electrode has to be re
      applied every 4 h. Continuous measurement offers new possibilities in treatment
      and diagnosis.

PMID- 674873
TI  - Biochemical mechanisms of hypoxic injury to the cerebral cortex in acute blood
      loss and during various stages of the postresuscitation period.

PMID- 674874
TI  - Blood alcohol concentrations of patients attending an accident and emergency
      department.
AB  - The prevalence of detectable blood alcohol in all new adult patients attending an
      accident and emergency department was 10.3%. The mean concentration was 20.9
      mmol/1 (96 mg/dl). There were significantly more patients with detectable alcohol
      in the following groups: male patients; patients aged under 35 years; patients
      attending on Saturdays; patients attending between 21.00 and 08.59 hours;
      patients involved in road traffic accidents; patients presenting because of drug
      overdosage, and head injuries. Those with detectable blood alcohol were more
      likely to be admitted, probably because of their associated reason for
      attendance. Patients referred by their general practitioner were less likely to
      have detectable blood alcohol.

PMID- 674875
TI  - Observations on 10,000 patients in the immediate postoperative period.
AB  - During an 18 month period 10,103 patients were admitted to the recovery unit
      after surgery at a district general hospital. The majority of patients (62%)
      recovered rapidly from anaesthesia, but 36.5% required up to 2 h before they
      could return to the wards, and 1.5% required close supervision for more than 2 h.
      The patients' requirements during the recovery period are discussed, and
      suggestions on the equipment, staffing and organization of a recovery unit are
      made.

PMID- 674876
TI  - Clinical aspects of ball-bearing bomb injuries.
AB  - This paper reports the effects on 22 victims of a bomb containing ball-bearings.
      Of five patients requiring admission to hospital three had sustained injuries due
      specifically to ball-bearings. The mechanism of the weapon, and the nature of the
      injuries are described. The particular type of wounds sustained, their
      presentation and management are discussed.

PMID- 674877
TI  - Dependence of the calorigenic effect of adrenaline on the secretory activity of
      the adrenal medulla in posthypothermic rats.
AB  - Posthypothermic rats, 13 h after spontaneous rewarming as well as between days 6
      and 7, produced the same quantity of heat as euthermic control animals. At the
      same time both urinary adrenaline excretion and adrenaline content of the
      adrenals were markedly changed. In the initial phase of the posthypothermic state
      (13 h after spontaneous rewarming) urinary adrenaline excretion was significantly
      increased whereas adrenaline content in the adrenals was lower than in
      normothermic control rats (P less than 0.001). Between days 6 and 7 after
      rewarming, the rate of urinary adrenaline excretion and adrenaline content in the
      adrenals returned to the control values. The calorigenic effect of exogenous
      adrenaline (50 microgram/100 g), found in the euthermic control rats, was not
      observed in posthypothermic animals 13 h after spontaneous rewarming when the
      secretory activity of the adrenal medulla was increased. The restitution of the
      calorigenic action of exogenous adrenaline occurred between days 6 and 7 after
      hypothermia.

PMID- 674878
TI  - Therapeutic effect of dexamethasone in experimental head injuries.
AB  - Experimental head injuries, which are easily reproducible in animal studies with
      guinea pigs, result in a significant increase of secondary serum enzymes. Malate
      dehydrogenase (MDH), fructose 1,6-diphosphate-aldolase and lactate dehydrogenase
      (LDH), together with the isoenzymes 1 and 2, are found especially in brain in
      large amounts. These enzymes act as 'tracer substances' of cerebral tissue and
      show significantly increased serum activities in cases where acute substantial
      damage to the brain associated with severe alterations of the blood-brain barrier
      is found. In the absence of shock, hypoxia and additional bodily injuries the
      loss of brain tissue has to be considered the only source of enzyme outflow. The
      early treatment of injured animals with high doses of dexamethasone results in a
      protective and stabilizing effect, preventing the extrusion of enzymes from the
      traumatically involved brain cells. Thus by observing the characteristic serum
      enzyme activities of treated and untreated injured animals a therapeutic effect
      of dexamethasone can be demonstrated within a relatively short time.

PMID- 674879
TI  - Transthoracic electrical impedance: artifacts associated with electrode movement.
AB  - The applicability of transthoracic impedance measurements for estimating thoracic
      fluid volume and tidal volume is limited by large variations associated with
      electrode movement, repeated application of electrodes and inter-individual
      differences. These sources of variation were studied with a four-electrode
      impedance-measuring device in anaesthetized dogs. Electrode movement artifacts
      affecting both the resting expiratory value of impedance (Zo) and the respiratory
      change of impedance (deltaZ/VT) could be largely eliminated by rigidly fixing the
      distances between the current-supplying and the potential-sensing electrodes. The
      reproducibility of Zo and deltaZ/VT was found to be affected adversely by local
      conductivity changes in the skin induced by repeated removal of the glued
      electrodes. Inter-individual variations in Zo and deltaZ/VT correlated with the
      thickness of thoracic subcutaneous fat (r = 0.86) and thoracic circumference (r =
      -0.95) respectively. Correction for these sources of inter-individual variation
      allowed the standard deviations of Zo and deltaZ/VT to be reduced from 18% to 7%
      and from 51% to 17% of their respective mean values.

PMID- 674881
TI  - Monitoring pulmonary artery pressures in critically ill patients.
AB  - A flow-directed Swan-Ganz catheter was used for the catheterisation of the
      pulmonary artery in critically ill patients. The monitoring of pulmonary artery
      pressures provided reliable information regarding left ventricular function and
      pulmonary vascular resistance. Moreover, the pulmonary artery catheter can be
      used for mixed venous blood sampling. Experiences with pulmonary pressure
      monitoring for the assessment of left ventricular performance in patients with
      myocardial infarction and left ventricular failure, for the estimation of lung
      function in patients with respiratory failure and for the selection of the
      optimal level of positive end-expiratory ventilation are presented. The
      advantages of pulmonary artery pressure monitoring for the assessment of the
      circulatory and respiratory status of critically ill patients are stressed, and
      technical problems and complications are discussed.

PMID- 674880
TI  - The influence of tracheal vascularization on the optimum location, shape and size
      of the tracheostomy in prolonged intubation.
AB  - Tracheal complications due to prolonged intensive therapy were studied. By means
      of angiography and dye injection of blood vessels in human cadavers, and by means
      of surgery in dogs, the arterial systems of the trachea in both species have been
      analysed with regard to problems arising during prolonged intubation in the
      Intensive Care Unit. In experiments the main arterial networks of the trachea
      have been exposed, their extent assessed and the anastomoses between them
      determined. From analysis of the results, the most advantageous location, shape
      and size of the tracheostomy is proposed. A transisthmic, round and oval-shaped
      tracheostomy respectively, taking no more than the medial two quarters of the
      tracheal diameter, was found to be most suitable. Three main arterial systems,
      segmentally arranged blood vessels, and rich vertical and horizontal anastomoses
      effectively prevent necrosis of the major tracheal segments. If only one of the
      three arterial systems functions, the trachea survives. When designing a
      tracheostomy, its role in the technical procedure of prolonged intubation should
      have priority. The blood supply of the trachea is of secondary importance.

PMID- 674882
TI  - Osmolality measurements in heart disease.
AB  - A study of the variations of plasma and urinary osmolality in patients with acute
      myocardial infarction and heart failure of different origin was made. It was
      shown that the plasma osmolality may be related to the clinical evolution of
      heart disease. The effectiveness of monitoring the osmolality in establishing the
      alterations of water-electrolyte balance is also reported.

PMID- 674883
TI  - Transitory heart pacemaker for the prophylaxis of hypoxic cardiac standstill in
      cases of severe pulmonary insufficiency.
AB  - Patients with hypoxia due to severe pulmonary insufficiency show a tendency
      towards hypoxic cardiac arrest. Asystole can occur in patients during therapeutic
      and nursing measures such as endotracheal suction. Experience indicates that the
      hypoxic cardiac arrest is difficult to resuscitate. External heart massage also
      shows a variety of complications. We propose the appropriately timed and
      prophylactic use of a transitory heart pacemaker for patients with a tendency
      towards hypoxic cardiac arrest. Our results show that a transitory heart
      pacemaker is capable of producing heart contractions even in cases of the
      severest hypoxia, in which otherwise cardiac arrest already would have occurred.
      The subclavian vein is punctured, and the electrode is pushed into the right
      ventricle. The electrode tip is positioned accurately by means of X-ray
      examination, and also by monitoring the threshold of the stimulating current. We
      consider that the proposed method should be used in patients who would have an
      increased chance of survival as a result of the additional measure of using a
      transitory heart pacemaker in cases of pulmonary hypoxia. It would not be
      indicated in patients with unfavourable prognoses due to progressive changes in
      the lungs.

PMID- 674884
TI  - Technique of lung ventilation through an injector.
AB  - Clinical and experimental evidence that the risks of ventilation through an
      injector can be diminished if the rate of gas flow in the tracheal probe is kept
      slow is presented. In practice those inlet devices for oxygen which permit an
      acceleration of the flow at the end of insufflation give better ventilation. The
      oxygen and air mixture is more uniform and the distribution is more physiological
      if there are side holes in the tube; the intake of additional air is then not due
      to the Bernoulli effect but to the effect of propulsion. Lung ventilation through
      an injector is worthwhile and is the only possible method in some cases, but it
      demands skill and care.

PMID- 674885
TI  - Transthoracic electrical impendance in anaesthesia and intensive care.
AB  - Pulmonary fluid accumulation plays an important role in the development of post
      traumatic pulmonary insufficiency. Yet initially diagnosis may be difficult. The
      measurement of transthoracic electrical impedance was used to detect early
      pulmonary fluid overload. In healthy test persons infusions of isotonic
      electrolyte solutions and diuresis were accompanied by changes of impedance
      dependent on the amount of infused or withdrawn fluid. In patients with pulmonary
      insufficiency a relatively low mean body impedance was recorded. Enforced
      diuresis resulted in a rise and in diminution of the alveolar-arterial oxygen
      difference.

PMID- 674887
TI  - [Diffusion].

PMID- 674886
TI  - [Diffusion as a gas transport mechanism in the body (author's transl)].

PMID- 674888
TI  - [Diffusion in the airway (author's transl)].

PMID- 674889
TI  - [The heart and exercises (1). Determination of the left ventricular reserve
      function by "dynamic exercise echocardiography"].

PMID- 674890
TI  - [Diffusion in the alveolar gas phase (author's transl)].

PMID- 674891
TI  - [Pulmonary diffusing capacity and its interpretation (author's transl)].

PMID- 674892
TI  - [Diffusion in tissue (author's transl)].

PMID- 674893
TI  - [Vasodilator therapy in congestive heart failure--hemodynamic effects of oral
      administered isosorbide dinitrate (author's transl)].

PMID- 674894
TI  - Carbon dioxide in water- and air-breathers.
AB  - Because water-breathers breathe much more water than air-breathers breathe air,
      and because in the two media the CO2 capacitance coefficients are similar, the
      difference in PCO2 between inspired and expired medium is much smaller in aquatic
      than in aerial animals, being generally inferior to 1 Torr. However, as regards
      CO2, water is a very complex medium, since the aquatic CO2 system varies with
      salinity, temperature, carbonation, photosynthesis and eventually ionic exchange
      in the gills. In no two waters is the pattern of CO2 exchange the same. In
      respiratory studies of aquatic animals it is very important to keep the carbon
      dioxide system of the water as constant as possible, or at least to be aware of
      its possible variation with many factors.

PMID- 674895
TI  - Bicarbonate exchange between body compartments after changes of temperature in
      the larger spotted dogfish (Soyliorhinus stellaris).
AB  - Intracellular/extracellular and extracellular/sea-water bicarbonate exchanges
      were measured in Larger Spotted Dogfish (Sycliorhinus stellaris) exposed to 10
      degrees C temperature step changes in a closed sea-water recirculation system.
      Changes of the bicarbonate concentration in blood plasma (= extracellular space)
      and in the recirculating sea-water were monitored for 36 h after the temperature
      change. Intracellular/extracellular transfer of bicarbonate was computed from
      bicarbonate changes in the extracellular space and sea-water. When the
      temperature was changed from 10 to 20 degrees C a signigicant transfer of
      bicarbonate was observed from the intracellular to the extracellular compartment
      and from the extracellular compartment to the sea-water. These transfers were
      reversed when the temperature was lowered from 20 to 10 degrees C. The exchange
      processes were practically completed after 18 h. The amount of bicarbonate
      exchanged between intracellular and extracellular compartments and sea-water was
      larger than predicted on the basis of in vitro buffer values of white, red and
      heart muscle, suggesting that additional tissues exchange significant amounts of
      bicarbonate with the extracellular space. It is concluded that physicochemical
      buffering is not sufficient to account for the observed adjustment of
      intracellular and extracellular pH and that bicarbonate exchange between body
      compartments and environment may be the most important regulatory mechamism,
      responsible for the final adjustment of acid-base balance in dogfish.

PMID- 674896
TI  - Temperature and acid-base balance effects on oxygen transport by human blood.

PMID- 674897
TI  - [Spontaneous atlanto-axial dislocation in juvenile chronic arthritis].

PMID- 674898
TI  - [Modern state of knowledge and treatment of arthrosis].

PMID- 674899
TI  - [Ultrastructural and biochemical study of collagen in scleroderma].

PMID- 674900
TI  - [Steroid-induced atrophy of cutis propria].

PMID- 674901
TI  - [Stroma of desmoplastic breast neoplasms].

PMID- 674902
TI  - [Ultrastructural studies of collagen fibers in various experimental pathological
      liver conditions].

PMID- 674903
TI  - [Morphological and functional indexes of liver condition in systemic connective
      tissue diseases].

PMID- 674904
TI  - [Correlation between serum copper level and enzymatic activity as well as the
      level of protein in ceruloplasmin].

PMID- 674905
TI  - [Disorders of sexual development in boys with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 674906
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of polyarthritis by means of thermography].

PMID- 674907
TI  - [Quality of handgrip in patients with rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 674908
TI  - [Mechanical causes of limitation of handgrip ability in rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 674909
TI  - [Internal load stress of metacarpophalangeal joints in healthy and rheumatoid
      hands].

PMID- 674910
TI  - [Effect of D-penicillamine treatment of chronic arthritis on indices of humoral
      immunity].

PMID- 674911
TI  - Recent aspect of collagen metabolism and connective tissue disease.

PMID- 674912
TI  - Alteration in the collagen structure in collagenosis and osteoarthrosis.

PMID- 674913
TI  - [Effect of cytostatic agents on collagen metabolism in guinea pigs].

PMID- 674914
TI  - [Effect of immunosuppressive treatment on blood and urinary hydroxyproline in
      patients with glomerulonephritis].

PMID- 674915
TI  - [Activation of latent forms of collagenolytic enzymes present in rheumatoid
      synovial fluid].

PMID- 674916
TI  - [Increased somatotrophin response to insulin induced hypoglycemia with D
      amphetamine treatment (author's transl)].

PMID- 674917
TI  - [Identification of chromosome anomalies by G banding in patients with apparently
      normal karyotype (author's transl)].

PMID- 674918
TI  - [Plasma levels of growth hormone in a normal population from Yucatan (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 674919
TI  - [Primary gastric amyloidosis simulating gastric carcinoma. Report of a case and
      review of the literature (author's transl)].

PMID- 674920
TI  - [Foreign bodies in the rectum. Report of 10 cases (author's transl)].

PMID- 674921
TI  - [Osteopathia striata. Report of a case and review of the literature (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 674922
TI  - [Malakoplasia of cecum and rectum. Report of two cases (author's transl)].

PMID- 674923
TI  - [Tropical diseases and E. N. T].

PMID- 674924
TI  - [Oculopharyngeal myopathy].

PMID- 674925
TI  - [Etiology of ENT cancers].

PMID- 674926
TI  - [Focal infections and ENT].

PMID- 674927
TI  - [Endaural tympano-meatoplasty for serious congenital artrsia of the ear].

PMID- 674928
TI  - [Chronic pharyngitis; pathogenesis and therapy].

PMID- 674929
TI  - [Hyperspecialization and technology do not necessarily have to diminish the human
      character of medicine].

PMID- 674930
TI  - [Practical aspects of facial profile plastic surgery].

PMID- 674931
TI  - [Sphenoid biopsy: technic - indications - result].

PMID- 674932
TI  - [Reduced and small tympanums (film commentary)].

PMID- 674933
TI  - [Idiopathic hyperlipemia in the pathogenesis of functional disorders of the
      internal ear].

PMID- 674934
TI  - [Acute temporomandibular osteoarthritis and its sequelae in infants].

PMID- 674935
TI  - [Correlated oro-muco-cutaneous manifestations in children].

PMID- 674936
TI  - [The autoimmune component in periodontal diseases in patients with thyroid
      dysfunction].

PMID- 674937
TI  - [Dento-periodontal factors incriminated in the production of uveitis].

PMID- 674938
TI  - [Aspects of chronic marginal periodontal diseases in the Turner and Klinefelter
      syndromes].

PMID- 674939
TI  - [The pollution of various excipients used in the preparation of ointments].

PMID- 674940
TI  - [Evaluation of the neutralizing capacity in vitro of some typified antacid
      preparations].

PMID- 674941
TI  - Social element in theoretical and operational significance of psychiatry.

PMID- 674942
TI  - [Aminophenazone, a reagent for the spectrophotometric determination of thiocol].

PMID- 674943
TI  - [The use of an indigenous hydrogenated fat as an ointment base].

PMID- 674944
TI  - [Contribution of the antibiogram on primary cultures to the antibiotic therapy of
      urinary infections: 5-year experience with practical use. IV].

PMID- 674945
TI  - [The use of propranolol tests in the diagnosis and expert evaluation of bronchial
      asthma].

PMID- 674946
TI  - [The use of the Weekers' graph in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma].

PMID- 674947
TI  - [Evaluation of the complement fixation test in the diagnosis of respiratory virus
      diseases].

PMID- 674948
TI  - [Therapeutic note on the use of L-dopa in facial paralysis].

PMID- 674949
TI  - [Clinico-morpho-biological correlations useful in diagnosis of chronic
      hepatitis].

PMID- 674950
TI  - [Various bone changes in diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 674951
TI  - [Development of ventricular septal defect in infants under medical treatment].

PMID- 674952
TI  - [Postbulbar ulcer : clinico-radiological and therapeutic considerations].

PMID- 674953
TI  - [Possibilities of orthopedic surgical treatment in tabetic osteoarthropathy of
      the knee].

PMID- 674954
TI  - Antibiotics--prostaglandins (PG) interaction at the intestinal smooth muscle
      level.

PMID- 674955
TI  - [Acute necrotizing pancreatitis].

PMID- 674957
TI  - [Acute respiratory infections in summer associated with non-poliomyelitis
      enteroviruses].

PMID- 674956
TI  - [Characteristics of inflenza caused by the B virus in Moldavia in the past 15
      years (1963-1977)].

PMID- 674958
TI  - [Various psychological reactions following the earthquake of 4 March 1977 in the
      city of Jassy].

PMID- 674959
TI  - [Ultrastructural aspects of autolysis of the rat pancreatic acinic cell. I].

PMID- 674960
TI  - [Morphofunctional correlations in the experimental study of myocardiopathies
      caused by the stress of forced immobilization. II. Effect of adrenal imbalance].

PMID- 674962
TI  - [Obesity].

PMID- 674961
TI  - [Dynamics of average pressure values in aged hypertensive patients under
      treatment].

PMID- 674963
TI  - [In vivo evaluation of 2 dialyzers: the Gambro Optima 13.5 and the Paraflo
      Travenol].

PMID- 674964
TI  - [Carbenoxolone in the treatment of stomach ulcer].

PMID- 674965
TI  - [Sensitivity of the thumb. Restoration of its function].

PMID- 674966
TI  - [New treatment of hyperkinesis in the child: pimethixene].

PMID- 674967
TI  - [Risks of splenectomy. Their compensation].

PMID- 674968
TI  - [Role of physical medicine in chronic arteritis of the lower extremities].

PMID- 674969
TI  - [Hospital medicine. Its specific problems, its integration within the frame of
      delivery of health care].

PMID- 674970
TI  - [Prevention of thromboembolic disease in surgery].

PMID- 674971
TI  - [Adult respiratory distress syndrome and surgery].

PMID- 674972
TI  - [Hazards of mucilaginous laxatives after esophago-gastric surgery].

PMID- 674973
TI  - [Iatrogenic vascular lesions].

PMID- 674974
TI  - [False aneurysms occurring in the absence of infection after vascular surgery].

PMID- 674975
TI  - [Postoperative peritonitis caused by starch].

PMID- 674976
TI  - [Systemic scleroderma: disease or syndrome?].

PMID- 674977
TI  - [Overlap-syndrome (association of rheumatoid polyarthritis and a collagen
      disease)].

PMID- 674978
TI  - [Wegener's granulomatosis: current concepts].

PMID- 674979
TI  - [Necrotizing enterocolitis (apropos of 7 cases)].

PMID- 674980
TI  - [Necrotizing recto-sigmoiditis of ischemic etiology].

PMID- 674981
TI  - [Respiratory arrest during sleep. Facts and hypothyses].
AB  - The writers analyze 29 nyctohemeral recordings in 20 patients with sleep apneas.
      In addition to the standard polygraphy, use is made of pneumotachography and
      capnography. The results (central apnea with open or secondarily closed glottis;
      obstructive apnea with closed glottis or with expiratory valve phenomenon) raise
      the hypothesis of a central physiopathological mechanism common to the various
      types of apneas through a more or less dissociated inhibition of the activity of
      the respiratory, laryngeal, intercostal, and diaphragmatic muscles:--in central
      apnea: inhibition of the thoracoabdominal activity and maintenance of the
      tonicity of the laryngeal muscles, keeping the glottis open;--in obstructive
      apnea: persistence of the thoracic and/or abdominal activity with inhibition of
      the activity of the laryngeal muscles, leading to a passive obstruction due to
      the effect of inspiratory depression.

PMID- 674982
TI  - [Chronology of diagnostic and therapeutic activities in the 3 weeks following
      rupture of an intracranial saccular aneurysm (series of 316 cases)].
AB  - The authors advocate to operate grades I, II and III patients on the 6th or 7th
      day following the onset of SAH, that is to say between the "oedema" period and
      the rebleeding period. They study all investigations and therapy which are
      necessary previously to the operation and advocate to perform a CT scan as the
      first investigation as well as to control the intraventricular pressure. Their
      opinion is based on the study of 316 cases admitted over a period of 5 years 218
      have been operated upon by a team of 7 neurosurgeons with an overall mortality of
      18.3 p. 100. The mortality in grade I and II patients has been 13.3 p. 100. This
      percentage includes all fatalities occuring in the six months following surgery.
      The senior author assumes that a good audio-visual teaching of the trainees can
      improve the results.

PMID- 674983
TI  - [Peripheral and central factors controlling reciprocal Ia inhibition in man].
AB  - Variations of the soleus H reflex were studied during voluntary contractions of
      the tibialis anterior in man. At the onset of contraction there was a weak
      inhibition of the soleus H-reflex which was not related to the force of the
      tibialis anterior contraction. 110 msec after the onset of the EMG activity the
      inhibition became secondarily more marked and was then related to the force of
      the contraction. This secondary potentation of the H-reflex inhibition is brought
      about by group I fibres activity, since it was markedly reduced during ischemia
      of the leg. It is concluded that the early inhibition is only due to
      suprasegmental activity whereas during the secondary part of the inhibition,
      there is a supplementary inhibitory action likely brought about by Ia fibres
      tibialis anterior. The secondary potentiation of the inhibition is therefore
      likely to be produced via the gamma loop.

PMID- 674984
TI  - [Intermediate forms of infantile spinal amyotrophy. Apropos of 20 personal
      observations].
AB  - The authors report 20 cases of infantile spinal amyotrophy, including 8 sporadic
      and 12 familial. There were 10 boys and 10 girls, the age of onset of the disease
      being between 1 and 5 years, with an average of 32 months. The clinical course is
      such that these forms may be easily distinguished from the classical Werdnig
      Hoffman syndrome, by virtue of their later onset and their slower progression.
      Intermediate forms also differ from the Kugelberg-Welander pseudo-myopathic form
      in developing earlier and having a less benign clinical course. These features
      favour the existence of a series of intermediate forms situated between the two
      classical types, the definition and limitations of the infantile spinal
      amyotrophies being relatively imprecise.

PMID- 674985
TI  - [Recent findings on the genealogy, clinical aspects and histology of a family
      with periodic hyperkalemic paralysis].
AB  - A family presenting a hyperkalemic form of periodic paralysis was studied through
      six generations; 31 individuals were affected, 14 could be examined. Periods of
      diffuse or localized muscle weakness, lasting one to four days, were associated
      with the classic adynamic attacks. Myotonic symptoms were discrete. Some
      patients, in particular the hard manual workers, exhibited a permanent proximal
      deficiency. Serum potassium level was in the lower normal range but raised during
      the attacks. EMG showed a polymorphic pattern, suggesting a functional neuro
      muscular block. The histological and ultrastructural changes were pleiomorphic:
      vacuoles, tubular aggregates and fibers were found in a patient with permanent
      weakness; a pure type II fibre atrophy was noticed in another patient, without
      any weakness between the attakcs. Acetazolamide treatment gave good results in
      four cases out of seven.

PMID- 674986
TI  - [Temporary hepatic ischemia: study of sugar metabolism].

PMID- 674987
TI  - [Varicocele: relation between anoxia and hypospermatogenesis].

PMID- 674988
TI  - [Urological repercussions of the retorvesical tumors].

PMID- 674989
TI  - [Fracture of the penis during sexual intercourse, with rupture of corpora
      cavernosa and urethra].

PMID- 674990
TI  - [Rare congenital cardiopathy].

PMID- 674991
TI  - [Virilizing adrenal tumor with borderline normal urinary excretion of 17
      ketosteroids and with histochemical demonstration of the lack of enzymatic
      activity of the 3beta OH-St-D and delta-5/delta-4-isomerase system].

PMID- 674992
TI  - [Weber-Christian febrile recurrent nodular nonsuppurative panniculitis and
      panniculitis caused by pancreopathy: differential diagnosis and enzymatic
      mechanisms].

PMID- 674993
TI  - [Group ABO determination: five years of routine use and evaluation of selected
      specimens].

PMID- 674994
TI  - ABO group determination with the use of four channels on Groupamatic.

PMID- 674995
TI  - [The screening of immune anti-A and anti-B alloantibodies on Groupamatic
      equipment].

PMID- 674996
TI  - [Analysis of 280,000 Kell determinations by Groupamatic].

PMID- 674997
TI  - [Evaluation of Le (a) antigen determination by Groupamatic].

PMID- 674998
TI  - [Irregular antibody screening by Groupamatic at the Paris (C.N.T.S.) and Toulouse
      (C.R.T.S.) blood transfusion centers].
AB  - We report here the experience of 3 years of irregular antibody automated
      screening with Groupamatic, that is to say of 661,511 samples tested in Paris and
      269, 162 samples tested in Toulouse. The positive reactions in Paris were 16,296
      (2.46%) out of which 2,021 irregular antibodies were identified (0.30%). The
      positive reactions in Toulouse were 8,266 (3.07%) out of which 2,138 irregular
      antibodies were identified (0,79%). The difference between the number of screened
      positive reactions and the identified one is due to false positive reactions
      (half of the cases) and to autoantibodies whose number is roughly the same than
      the number of identified alloantibodies. During the years 1970, 1971 and 1972,
      the irregular antibodies were systematically screened in Toulouse on all blood
      donors with a manual technique on opaline plate using enzyme treated red cell
      tests (papain). 7,147 positive reactions were detected, out of 240,080 tests
      (2.98%). 1,954 (0,81%) were alloantibodies and 1,529 (0.64%) autoantibodies;
      3.455 were false positive reactions and 209 were non identified antibodies. These
      figures are superimposed with those obtained with Groupamatic during the
      following years, thus pointing out the interest of this equipment.

PMID- 674999
TI  - Results of red cell antibody examinations of sera exchanged between various
      European laboratories.

PMID- 675000
TI  - [Use of Groupamatic in surveying fetomaternal alloimmunizations].
AB  - The A.V.I.S. Blood Transfusion Center of Turin performs the screening of
      foetomaternal allo-immunizations for the S. Anna Hospital of Turin. This hospital
      includes 3 hospital departments and 3 obstetrical and gynaecological university
      departments. The number of births in one year is roughly 13.000, i.e. 50 mother
      baby couples, are tested every day. The identification system and the sampling
      process are described. The program used on the Groupamatic system includes: 1.)
      First run: Blood typing of mother blood with screening of alloantibodies. Second
      run: Blood typing control, screening of immune anti-A and anti-B antibodies,
      syphilis screening. 2.) Washing of cord blood red blood cells: First run: Washed
      red blood cells ABO and Rhesus typing, direct Coombs test. Second run: Blood
      typing control. Automatic screening of maternal irregular alloantibodies and
      automatic indirect Coombs test on washed cordblood red cells are simultaneously
      controlled with standard manual techniques. Sampling and testing are processed
      within 24 hours after birth. The set of results concerning mother-baby couples
      are grouped on one card and sent to the hospital department for a quick MHNN
      prophylaxy. Results of tests performed on 6.351 pregnancies studied until birth
      are presented. The automated direct Coombs test was positive with: 1--95% of new
      borns from mother who have a high immune allo antibody anti-A/B titer (IgG after
      treatment with two Mercapto etanol greater than I/64). 2--100% of new borns from
      mother who have irregular allo antibodies in Rh, Kell, Duffy or Kidd systems.

PMID- 675001
TI  - Detection of Duffy and Kidd antibodies by Groupamatic 360.

PMID- 675002
TI  - Calibration of individual channels of Groupamatic by a new operator function ABC.

PMID- 675003
TI  - [A rapid red cell washer for antiglobulin tests on Groupamatic].

PMID- 675004
TI  - [HBs antigen screening with Groupamatic. Inhibition of passive hemagglutination
      and latex test].
AB  - Some agglutination tests for HBs Ag and anti-HBs detection may be easily
      automated. Reverse hemagglutination, needing a lengthy incubation and several
      steps to carry out is unfit for Groupamatic, but hemagglutination inhibition and
      latex agglutination may be used. Hemagglutination inhibition using selected human
      red cells (ORh+) coated with cesium chloride purified HBs Ag, has been now
      routinely used at the C.N.T.S. with visual reading for almost 2 years. Negative
      and positive controls are necessary. The anti-HBs serum utilized has to be
      checked daily to get sensitive detection. Every new batch of coated red cells
      (valid 4 to 6 weeks) is checked in microtiter plates in the laboratory, before
      being used on Groupamatic. Both positive and dubious results are systematically
      retested in RIA. We found only 0,5% of false positive. The sensibility of the
      test compared favourably with other third generation test as reverse
      hemagglutination. It was close to the results obtained with radio-immuno-assay or
      enzyme-immuno-assay and it was more sensitive than counter-immuno
      electrophoresis. 65,472 samples were tested in parallel: we were able to detect
      97% of HBs Ag detected by RIA. False negative results were less than 1 per 10 000
      and may be avoided by using citrated solution for the anti-HBs serum dilution
      (suppression of auto-agglutination of the red cells). Antigex TG (the most active
      batch of latex coated with guinea pig, anti-HBs antibody) made by Pfizer, gave
      good results on Groupamatic and automatic reading was possible. But more results
      are necessary using various batches, before to recommend such reagent.

PMID- 675005
TI  - A cardiolipin reagent for syphilis screening on Groupamatic.

PMID- 675006
TI  - Screening for anti-tetanus toxin antibodies in Iran.

PMID- 675007
TI  - Preliminary experience with the Groupamatic 360 C en Iran.

PMID- 675008
TI  - [Integration of Groupamatic 360 equipment into a preexisting transfusion
      information system. Data transfer through minidiscs].

PMID- 675010
TI  - Computer surveillance of donor blood processing.

PMID- 675009
TI  - Semi-automated recording system in connection with routine blood grouping of
      patients and donors on Groupamatic 360 C.

PMID- 675011
TI  - A data processing system concerning laboratory results from donor blood samples.

PMID- 675012
TI  - [Groupamatic 360 C1 and transfusion safety].
AB  - Presentation of an evaluation program of patient blood grouping through
      Groupamatic, with final report printed out under the control of the management
      computer of the blood center. The flow chart is composed of three main steps:-
      information tracking on a two-part card,--duplicated determination of blood
      groups and phenotypes by Groupamatic,--correlation check between the two runs by
      the management computer, followed by the print out of the blood grouping results.
      Print out always includes two STEPS:--for the first blood grouping: self adhesive
      label on a color form and on the transfusion record,--for the second blood
      grouping: definite blood group card and check label for transfusion record,--for
      antibody screening and pretransfusion check up, results and label with a summary
      taped on. Transfusion file should always follow the patient and allows to write
      his transfusion "past" just by sticking on the I.D. numbers of transfused
      products. Furthermore, the management computer prints out:--the result log book.-
      a daily updated alphanumeric listing.

PMID- 675013
TI  - Legal problems of the automatical blood group determination.

PMID- 675014
TI  - [Automated data processing system at the National Center for Blood Transfusion].
AB  - 1) Data processing of blood unit test result on Groupamatic with manual labelling
      listings:--according to unit numbers;--according to blood results. 2) Blood donor
      file (updating):--114 473 donors;--150 characters/standard donors;--250
      characters/precious donors. 3) Automatic print-out of:--call-ups;--donor data
      cards;--national blood donor cards:--diplomas;--red cards of badges;--particular
      listings of blood donors for medical checking, calling up, selecting units with
      special characteristics;--general listings. 4) Automatic labelling of blood
      units, by reading the unit identification number, and by printing out the
      corresponding labels.

PMID- 675015
TI  - The integration of Groupamatic into the administration of a regional blood
      program.

PMID- 675016
TI  - [Groupamatic in the general organization of collecting and utilization of blood
      at C.N.T.S].
AB  - The automatization of immunohematological tests on Groupamatic equipments and its
      integration in a data management system of blood units and donor files has been
      brought about progressively, takinginto account the initiator status of the
      C.N.T.S. and its priviliged relationship with the manufacturer. A set of
      different problems was thus successively studied, the solutions of which lead to
      the development of new techniques, concerning the machine itself and its
      surroundings: --blood collection: -taking of blood sample on vacutainers
      containing anti-coagulant, without dilution, at a constant level and clot free; -
      identification: -connection between blood sample and blood unit by the creation
      of an identification number on twin labels (2 part card); -donor blood donation
      connection; --utilization of Groupamatic results: -edition of result listings; 
      study and use of an automated labelling of blood units; --setting up and daily
      updating of donor files: -blood collection data management; -creation of a badge-
      link between blood donation, files and donors. These constant improvements of
      both system and techniques have helped to put us within reach of the goal set as
      early as 1963 with Dr. C. Matte, that is to say the establishment of a fully
      automated system avoiding any intervention other than blood collection. Thus, due
      to the suppression of retranscription, this system increases the safety and
      enables the use of previously known donor characteristics.

PMID- 675017
TI  - [Groupamatic 360 C1 and automated blood donor processing in a transfusion
      center].
AB  - Automation of donor management flow path is controlled by: --a 3 slip "port a
      punch" card, --the groupamatic unit with a result sorted out on punch paper tape,
      --the management computer off line connected to groupamatic. Data tracking at
      blood collection time is made by punching a card with the donor card used as a
      master card. Groupamatic performs: --a standard blood grouping with one run for
      registered donors and two runs for new donors, --a phenotyping with two runs, --a
      screening of irregular antibodies. Themanagement computer checks the correlation
      between the data of the two runs or the data of a single run and that of previous
      file. It updates the data resident in the central file and prints out: --the
      controls of the different blood group for the red cell panel, --The listing of
      error messages, --The listing of emergency call up, --The listing of collected
      blood units when arrived at the blood center, with quantitative and qualitative
      information such as: number of blood, units collected, donor addresses, etc., -
      Statistics, --Donor cards, --Diplomas.

PMID- 675018
TI  - A modular design for regional blood center automation with centralized blood
      typing.

PMID- 675019
TI  - The integration of Groupamatic 360 C3 in a computer system.

PMID- 675020
TI  - [Integration othe MG 50 into the routine of a hospital transfusion center].
AB  - Groupamatic MG 50 equipment looks to be quite well adapted to suit the needs of
      small or medium size blood transfusion centers, in which the number of blood
      grouping determinations daily processed is in the range of 100 to 500. In its
      present configuration (after some modifications have been brought in), the MG 50
      offers significant advantages which will be discussed in detail. For a batch of
      58 samples tested in one hour on twelve channels a single technician is required
      instead of 3 to 4; sample supply of equipment is therefore made in a more regular
      way. In case of run interrupt a single series of 12 determinations is implicated
      and can be immediately checked. The whole analysis process is limited to twice 11
      minutes due to the continuous agitation of discs. The tubing pump priming is
      automatically performed and the reagent homogeneity is better insured; the
      presence of dilution tubes is easily controlled. Different programs are easily
      interchangeable and make the use of equipment smooth. We do think that MG 50
      allows a better distribution of work throughout the day and accepts emergency
      blood grouping requests without any special difficulty.

PMID- 675021
TI  - [HLA and IgA deficiency].
AB  - The distribution of 29 HLA-A and B antigens was compared in 50 Caucasoids with an
      IgA deficit and in 300 healthy controls. The patients were divided in 3 groups:
      1) Partial selective IgA deficit (40); 2) Total selective Iga deficit (7); 3) IgA
      deficit associated with hypogammaglobulinemia (3). The patients viewed as a
      whole, we observed an increased frequency for the antigens HLA-Aw19, HLA-B5 and
      HLA-BW17. Yet, the modifications are not cleanly significant, with p less than
      0.05, but p corrected not significant. We also considered the 3 groups separated
      and we did not remark any particular association with HLA. The data concerning
      HLA and congenital immune insufficiencies are reviewed. The most authors at once
      studied several immune defects. Only one Hungarian work was performed on IgA
      deficit. We do not confirm HLA-A1 and HLA-B8 increased frequencies, as it was
      reported, in Hungary, by Bajtai and al. There is no evident association between
      one HLA-A or B gene and the IgA deficit. The possible relation of IgA
      insufficiency with autoimmunity and allergy would justify complementary
      investigations, especially about HLA-D and Ia genes repartition in this disease.

PMID- 675022
TI  - [Serum proteins and erythrocyte enzymes. Evaluation of frequencies in 2
      populations in the Gabon].
AB  - The results of the electrophoretic phenotyping of two serum groups (C'3 and
      Transferrine) and seven red cell enzymes (PAc, PGM, AK, ADA, 6PGD, sGPT and Est
      D) in two groups of negroes from Gabon are presented. The frequencies are in the
      normal range observed for African populations except for acid phosphatase in
      Southern Africa; Khoisan people have frequencies of the "Negroe allele R" higher
      than in any other population of the world. In Obamba and Bateke populations
      frequencies of Pr is 0.013.

PMID- 675023
TI  - [Value of a technical modification for the detection of syphilis on Technicon BT
      15. Study on 10.076 samples  tested with 2 "VDRL-carbon" antigens].
AB  - Previously described Manifold for routine detection of Syphilis using charcoal
      particles with Auto-Analyzer did not appear satisfactory to the authors. A
      modified Manifold is described which includes a longer time of incubation and
      decantation, without any saline addition. Two charcoal antigen suspensions (K-Ag,
      ART) were tested on 10.076 samples from blood donors, comparatively with 13.614
      samples tested through manual Kline and VDRL methods: no significative difference
      was noted in detection of Syphilis. Differences between both antigen suspensions
      (ART antigen gives more positive resultats than K-Ag) can be attributed to "false
      positive" reactions.

PMID- 675024
TI  - [Hemolytic anemia and viral hepatitis].

PMID- 675025
TI  - [The erythrocyte membrane].

PMID- 675026
TI  - [A B3 phenotype discovered in a family by means of blood tests in a newborn].

PMID- 675027
TI  - [Allergic manifestations during leukapheresis in granulocyte donors].

PMID- 675028
TI  - [Determination of the take efficiency of lyophilized smallpox vaccine as a
      function of the vaccination technic (double scarification, multi-puncture and jet
      injection)].
AB  - Revaccination against smallpox was performed by three techniques: double
      scarification, multiple puncture and jet injection in 352 youths aged 16 and 17
      years. The results were assessed by the number of takes, the quality of the
      cutaneous and humoral response. The highest proportion of major skin reactions
      was obtained by multiple puncture vaccination (62.4%) and the best humoral
      response, tested by passive haemagglutination, by jet revaccination. Multiple
      puncture is recommended as a method of election both in restricted and mass
      vaccination in view of the high proportion of major skin rections accompanied by
      a corresponding humoral response, the rapid and readily performed technique and
      small amount of vaccine needed.

PMID- 675029
TI  - [Additional anti-Klebsiella phages used in lysotyping of Klebsiella strains].
AB  - In order to increase the efficiency of lysotyping as a method for differentiating
      Klebsiella strains the authors tested the activity of 10 additional phages
      isolated, prepared and studied in the laboratory and compared to the Slopek-Milch
      set. A number of 734 Klebsiella strains were isolated in different clinical and
      epidemiological conditions and lysotyped. The phage type was determined in 64.60%
      of the strains examined, using 15 phages of the Slopek-Milch set. By using
      additional autochtonous phages the proportion of lysotypable strains reached
      77.80%; therefore, 13.20% were sensitive only to the additional phages.

PMID- 675030
TI  - [Experimental myocarditis in albino mice induced by Piry virus (BeAn 24232).
      Anatomo-pathological study using optical microscopy and electron microscopy with
      demonstration of viral particles].

PMID- 675031
TI  - Geographical differences in lectinic activity of albumen gland extracts of the
      planorbid snails Biomphalaria glabrata and B. tenagophila.

PMID- 675032
TI  - [Serological prevalence of brucellosis in the southern zone of Rio Grande do Sul
      (Brazil)].

PMID- 675033
TI  - Isolation of Mucambo virus, a member of the Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus
      complex in the State of Sao Paulo, Brasil.

PMID- 675034
TI  - [Rubella. Serological survey in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil].

PMID- 675035
TI  - The role of physician leadership in the regionalization movement.

PMID- 675036
TI  - Metolazone for effective treatment of hypertension.

PMID- 675037
TI  - Newborn country USA revisited.

PMID- 675038
TI  - The Vietnamese orphan: medical impact upon the family.

PMID- 675039
TI  - Familial generalized lipodystrophy: a case report.

PMID- 675041
TI  - Psychosomatic medicine: whatever happened to it?

PMID- 675040
TI  - What's your reading? Atrial flutter.

PMID- 675042
TI  - Lipid and lipoprotein analysis of neonatal and maternal sera.

PMID- 675043
TI  - Rural practitioners: a new community student health program.

PMID- 675044
TI  - [Hygienic evaluation of food products from the standpoint of their contamination
      with harmful metals, I. Lead, copper, zinc, tin, arsenic and iron].

PMID- 675045
TI  - [Rancid change in fats of molten cheeses].

PMID- 675046
TI  - [Survival time of Salmonellae in spaghetti].

PMID- 675047
TI  - [Optimal time of of enrichment with sulfur-containing amino acids of peas used as
      sole source of proteins in rat diet].

PMID- 675048
TI  - [Nutritive value of average food rations typical for selected social groups. IV.
      Vitamins of the B group].

PMID- 675049
TI  - [Health conditions in rural women holding 1 or 2 jobs I. Health conditions].

PMID- 675050
TI  - [Health conditions in rural women holding 1 or 2 jobs. II. Nutritional state].

PMID- 675051
TI  - [Effect of maneb and zineb on the activity of selected anzymes in serum and liver
      of rats].

PMID- 675052
TI  - [Effects of insecticides from the carbamate group on reproduction in laboratory
      animals].

PMID- 675053
TI  - [Chloramphenicl residues in meat].

PMID- 675054
TI  - [Content of trace elements in food products. II. Comparison of the polarographic
      and atomic absorption spectrophotometry methods in the determination of zinc,
      copper, and manganese in selected food products].

PMID- 675055
TI  - [Determination of 5-alkyloresorcin content in the grain and milled products of
      rye].

PMID- 675056
TI  - [Chlorinated hydrocarbon residues in fatty tissue of children in the City of
      Warsaw].

PMID- 675057
TI  - [Health sequelae of community noise].

PMID- 675058
TI  - [Significance of roentgen symptomatics of 425 breast carcinomas in 10000
      mammographies (author's transl)].
AB  - The diagnostic significance of 425 carcinomata of the breast compared with NAD
      mammographs is examined according to 16 main criteria. Size of the breast, type
      of tumorous densification, structural changes parenchymal patterns, and prominent
      duct patterns, are analyzed in greater detail besides the often discussed direct
      and indirect signs of malignancy. By paying attention to discreet
      roentgenographic changes, the rate of false negative findings can be reduced.
      Mammographic examinations on only one level result in a reduction in correct
      diagnoses of breast carcinoma by at least 8%.

PMID- 675059
TI  - [Critical notes on risk calculations in mammography (author's transl)].
AB  - Since 1971 a Mammography Screening Study was carried out in Hamburg. This project
      shows that mammography is the only method to detect a high percentage of minimal
      breast cancer. The chance to cure these patients (10-years-survival) then is 80%
      and more. With mean literature values for parenchym dose, incidence rate and
      induction period the risk of cancer induction by mammography as a function of age
      was calculated. It is shown that benefit exceeds risk not only for women over 50
      years of age. Even for younger women the use of mammography seems justified, if
      longer inspection periods from 2 to 5 years are considered.

PMID- 675060
TI  - [Xeromammography (author's transl)].
AB  - Film- and xeromammography are good diagnostic methods of breast diseases.
      Concerning praeclinical situations xeromammography is as well as film
      mammography. Radiation hazard of xeromammography is on a lower range.

PMID- 675061
TI  - [Diagnostic significance of high-filtration xeromammography in relation to
      radiation hazard and image quality (author's transl)].
AB  - The use of additional filtration through 3 mm aluminium enables significant
      reduction of the radiation dose in xeromammography with the Senographe, compared
      with conventional xerography, by a factor of 2-3, and, compared with film not
      requiring an intensifying screen, by a factor of 10-12. The applied tissue doses
      are between 0.14 and 0.30 rad per exposure. Hence, the radiogenic carcinoma risk,
      which is still largely hypothetic, is very low as far as this mammographic system
      is concerned. The high quality of the mammographs guarantees absolute diagnostic
      safety.

PMID- 675062
TI  - [The value of infrared and plate thermography in the early diagnosis of
      mastocarcinoma (author's transl)].
AB  - The inspection and palpation of the breast remains the basis of every breast
      examination. However, genuine early diagnosis of carcinoma of the breast cannot
      be achieved by clinical examinations without any supporting investigation. It
      must be borne in mind that such early diagnosis is the aim of every medical
      checkup for cancer. This fact has resulted in the development of novel
      examination methods employing suitable apparatus. The value of mammography is
      beyond dispute. Since it is the safest of all examination methods as far as
      accurate results are concerned, mammography makes a decisive contribution toward
      improving the success rate of early diagnostics. The present paper aims at
      emphasizing the value of thermography in diagnostics, especially in the early
      diagnosis of mastocarcinoma. Such a valuation becomes possibly by checking all
      thermographic findings with the help of mammography. As a result, it must be
      stated that both infrared thermography and plate thermography can only be
      additional examination methods in support of mammography in order to discover
      clinically occult carcinomas within the framework of preventive care
      examinations.

PMID- 675063
TI  - [Preoperative marking of non-palpable tumors of the breast (author's transl)].
AB  - The article reports on a simplified localization method via injection of contrast
      medium, Patent Blue and suprarenine, subsequent to a review of various methods of
      localization of non-palpable breast findings with suspicion of carcinoma.

PMID- 675064
TI  - [Parasternal lymphoscintigraphy in mastocarcinoma, its diagnostic value and
      significance for prognosis (author's transl)].
AB  - The scintigraphic investigation of parasternal lymph nodes is a simple method
      which is well tolerated by the patients. It gives additional information about
      lymphatic metastases. This examination is of great value for prognosis and
      therapy in cases of breast cancer.

PMID- 675065
TI  - [Clinical comparative study between the contrast media Biligram, Endomirabil and
      Biliscopin (author's transl)].
AB  - The contrast media Biligram, Endomirabil und Biliscopin are tested in comparative
      series in a total of 304 patients. The optimal time of exposure for visulaization
      of the bile ducts and gallbladder is between 60 and 90 minutes in combined
      filling with Biloptin and the contrast medium used. The contrast media do not
      differ from one another in a significant manner in respect of contrast
      densification. All three constrast media have low side effects for injection
      times of 5 minutes. The side effect quota increases with the amount of injected
      contrast medium. Of all three contrast media, Biliscopin has the lowest side
      effect quota.

PMID- 675066
TI  - [Comment on the contribution by P. Koeppe: "Demonstration of the Compton effect"
      Rontgenblatter 31 (1978) 52].

PMID- 675067
TI  - [Reply to the comment by D. Harder on my contribution: "Demonstration of the
      Compton effect].

PMID- 675068
TI  - [Clear-fluid pleuritis: foreword].

PMID- 675069
TI  - [Physiopathology of pleural effusions].

PMID- 675070
TI  - [Clear-fluid pleuritis. Clinical, radiologic, tomometric and isotopic aspects.
      Diagnostic trends].

PMID- 675071
TI  - [Etiological distribution of pleural effusion].

PMID- 675072
TI  - [Clear-fluid pleuritis. Etiological diagnosis through cytodiagnosis and biopsy of
      the pleura].

PMID- 675073
TI  - [Sequelae of clear-fluid pleurisy].

PMID- 675074
TI  - [Treatment of clear-fluid pleuritis].

PMID- 675075
TI  - [Tumoral pleurisy].

PMID- 675076
TI  - [Behavior therapy in France. Present-day trends].

PMID- 675077
TI  - [Review of new drugs in psychiatry].

PMID- 675078
TI  - [Mental confusion: an etiological emergency].

PMID- 675079
TI  - [The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and hypertensive syndromes].

PMID- 675080
TI  - [Continuing medical education in the United States].

PMID- 675081
TI  - [General aspects and etio-epidemiology of cancer of upper aero-digestive tract].

PMID- 675082
TI  - [Laryngeal neoplasms].

PMID- 675083
TI  - [Hypopharyngeal neoplasms].

PMID- 675084
TI  - [Oropharyngeal neoplasms].

PMID- 675085
TI  - [Cancer of the nasopharynx (cavum)].

PMID- 675086
TI  - [Cancers of the tongue and of the buccal floor].

PMID- 675087
TI  - [Cancers of the nasal cavities and sinuses].

PMID- 675088
TI  - [Diagnosis of chronic cervical adenopathies].

PMID- 675089
TI  - [Follow-up of therapeutic sequelae in patients with neoplasms of the upper aero
      digestive tracts].

PMID- 675090
TI  - [Follow-up of the general course of neoplasms of the upper aero-digestive
      tracts].

PMID- 675091
TI  - [Emergencies in otorhinolaryngeal carcinology].

PMID- 675092
TI  - [Chemotherapy in the treatment of neoplasms of the upper aero-digestive tracts].

PMID- 675094
TI  - [Essential bases of echography].

PMID- 675093
TI  - [Obstetrical echography. Foreword].

PMID- 675095
TI  - [Normal and pathologic development of pregnancy during the 1st 3 months].

PMID- 675096
TI  - [Echographic diagnosis of fetal malformations].

PMID- 675097
TI  - [Echographic study of the placenta: panoramic aspects of normal and pathologic
      placenta during pregnancy].

PMID- 675098
TI  - [Fetal biometric study in the 2d half of pregnancy].

PMID- 675099
TI  - [Need of systematic echographic surveillance of pregnancy].

PMID- 675100
TI  - [Classification of lymph node sarcomas].

PMID- 675102
TI  - [Treatment and surveillance of multiple myeloma].

PMID- 675101
TI  - [When should one ask for an immunoelectrophoresis?].

PMID- 675103
TI  - [Importance of hematological surveillance in cancer patients].

PMID- 675104
TI  - [Will continuing medical education in France be restricted to the elite?].

PMID- 675105
TI  - [Hepatitis virus. Identification and immuno-pathogenic mechanisms].

PMID- 675106
TI  - [Epidemiology of A and B hepatitis].

PMID- 675107
TI  - [Common viral hepatitis in the adult].

PMID- 675108
TI  - [Chronic hepatitis and its treatment].

PMID- 675109
TI  - [Severe viral hepatitis].

PMID- 675110
TI  - [Prospects for vaccination against hepatitis B].

PMID- 675111
TI  - [Solitary plasmocytoma of bone. Apropos of 25 cases].

PMID- 675112
TI  - [Lysis of the odontoid process in rheumatoid polyarthritis].
AB  - The authors report 9 cases of partial or total lysis of the odontoid peg in
      rheumatoid arthritis. Retrospective study of 100 cases of rheumatoid arthritis
      and the data from the literature demonstrate the rarity of these lesions, the
      last stage of the odontoid erosions which are much commoner. The therapeutic
      approach is usually nuero-surgical.

PMID- 675113
TI  - [Osteo-articular infections: choice and monitoring of antibiotic therapy. Apropos
      of 26 observations with an identified organism].
AB  - Study of 26 cases of osteo-articular infections with an identified organism
      collected in a rheumatology department, has confirmed in the first place the
      increasing importance of gram negative organisms, compared with the
      staphylococcus which has always mainly predominated in this type of infection. In
      each case, the authors have made as complete a bacteriological study as possible,
      including antibiotic sensitivities, the measurement of the minimum inhibitory
      concentration of the antibiotics on the isolated strains, study of the
      bactericidal power in vitro of various combinations, and study of the inhibitory
      power of the serum on the organism. This study of the inhibitory power of the
      serum approximates most closely to testing the antibiotic activities in vivo,
      since one cannot make this assessment, in most cases, within the infective focus
      itself. Rifampicin, with the imperative condition that it is not used alone, is a
      major antibiotic in the osteo-articular infections, by reason of its very great
      activity against the staphylococcus, its excelent penetration into bone, and its
      ease of use. Other recognized anti-staphylococcal antibiotics behave in a more
      disappointing fashion. When the effectiveness of treatment is checked regularly
      by the inhibitory power of the serum, together with the other classical criteria
      of surveillance, cure of the infection as been achieved in every case.

PMID- 675114
TI  - [Aspects of the crossed thoracobrachial syndrome as seen in rheumatology].
AB  - On the basis of 12 personal observations it is pointed out that the
      thoracobrachial syndrome may become apparent from pain or paraesthesia of the
      arm. These symptoms typically appear in certain positions or on effort. Essential
      arterial or venous complications require early diagnosis, which is only possible
      by vascular exploration (arteriography or phlebography with radiographs with
      abduction of the arm). The value of clinical changes appears to be very
      restricted. Simple surgery-resection of the first rib- eliminates all possible
      multiple compression causes and is indicated in serious or very incapaciting
      forms of the syndrome.

PMID- 675115
TI  - [Tomodensitometry in osteoarticular pathology. Preliminary results].
AB  - From the investigation of 180 patients, the preliminary results of tomo
      densitometric study ("scanning") of the locomotor system are presented. The
      technique permits investigation in the transverse spatial plane, which is ignored
      in conventional radiology. We feel this to be a major advantage in osteo
      articular disease, especially for the spine (measurement of the diameter of the
      canal, analysis of the posterior structures), the sacro-iliac joints, hip joints
      (easy-measurement of the angles of anteversion) and patello-femoral joints. The
      densitometric measurement is the second advantage. It allows the estimation of
      the degree of bony calcification of any bone in the body with great precision.
      The preliminary study already demonstrates the limitations of the technique
      (exploration of a single transverse plane, edge effect, and necessity for a new
      anatomy).

PMID- 675116
TI  - [Spontaneous hip dislocation in the course of infectious arthritis in childhood.
      Radioclinical evolution over 50 years].

PMID- 675117
TI  - [Isolated paralysis of the external popliteal sciatic nerve. Moneneuritis form of
      Dejerine-Sottas disease].

PMID- 675118
TI  - [Fc-gamma-receptor cells and rheumatoid arthritis].
AB  - Certain blood lymphocytes of patients suffering from rhumatoid arthritis (RA) and
      or control subjects, can be detected using a rosette technique in the presence 
      of erythrocyte antibody compounds (EA). The EA rosettes demonstrate the presence
      of cells having a receptor for the Fc fragment of the IgG's (Fc-receptor). A
      significant increase in highly active EA rosettes during RA was demonstrated
      using six EA compounds differing according to the type of erythrocyte and the
      quantity of sensitizing antibody. These highly active EA rosettes correspond to
      the case in which few antiserum molecules cover the erythrocytes. Their high
      level in RA may correspond to an increased number of Fc-receptor cells or to a
      stronger linkage of EA compounds. The cells forming EA rosettes are responsible
      for the resulting cell antibody cytotoxicity that seems to change little during
      rhumatoid disease. However, the very special behavior of Fc-receptor lymphocytes
      incubated in vitro suggests that the IgG receptors are modulated by the immune
      compounds present during RA.

PMID- 675119
TI  - [Bone scintigraphy in Paget's disease].
AB  - Sixty patients with Paget's disease underwent bone scintigraphy and a
      radiological and biological exam. The use of scintigraphy in this disease is of
      double importance: it allows the spread of the disease to be diagnosed without
      doing X-rays of the entire skeleton. In twenty per cent of cases this disease
      cannot be located using X-rays and is detected by scintigraphy. It also supplies
      an additional objective criteria for judging the development of this disease,
      especially under treatment. The authors study the different hypotheses concerning
      the fixation to the bone of the isotope tracer in the Paget zone.

PMID- 675120
TI  - [Critical study of variations in bone mass measurement by iliac biopsy].
AB  - Measurement of the bone trabicular volume (BTV) of 60 iliac crests obtained at
      necropsy, was done by morphometry on decalcified bone preparation. Changes in the
      site and the techniques of biopsy introduce variations which may reach 50% for
      sites which are one or two centimeters apart. The iliac bone is not especially
      imprecise and should be replaced by the transfixing horizontal biopsy. For a
      given zone, one observes a good correlation between the BTV and the ash weight
      per cubic centimeter of psongious bone, a point which justifies the interest in
      morphometry for the evaluation of the body bone mass.

PMID- 675121
TI  - [Our experience with the determination of serum anti-alphastaphylolysins and
      antigammastaphylolysins during infectious osteoarthritis. A personal series of 53
      staphylococcal osteoarthritis cases, 14 cases of osteoarthritis from various
      germs, 47 extra-articular staphylococcal infections and 500 control subjects].
AB  - The difficulty of directly isolating the casual agent (by obtaining specimens in
      situ or if necessary by hemoculture), during infectious osteo-arthritis and
      mainly during those deeply located such as spondylodiscitis and sacro-iliac
      infections, has led authors to investigate the field of serologic examinations.
      In staphylococcosis, which is quite frequent, they report results of serum anti
      alphastaphylolysin dosage (AASTL) in 500 controls, 100 patients in whom a
      staphylococcus was recovered and 14 patients with other germs. In the first
      group, 10 subjects out of 500 ad a level greater than 2 IU whereas in the second
      group an elevation of the level of AASTL was observed in 66% of cases of
      staphylococcal osteo-arthritis (35 out of 53) and in 54% of cases of
      staphylococcosis without esteoarticular localization (25 out of 47), a total of
      60% of staphylococcosis with various localizations (60 cases out of 100). Despite
      the elevation AASTL serum in 4 of the 14 cases of the third group, this study
      confirms the great diagnositc value of this dosage mainly when the levels are
      higher than 4 IU or are still rising. The recent study of the serum
      antigammastaphylolysins represent an additional factor of interest because of its
      reliability and its frequent positive result during staphylococcosis (in 19 cases
      of osteo-arthritis out of 27, and in 10 cases of staphylococcosis without osteo
      articular localization out of 16: a total of 29 cases in a series of 43
      staphylococcosis). The dosage of both AASTL and AGSTL, however, seems more
      valuable since out of 40 cases of staphylococcosis, we have observed a
      simultaneous elevation of AASTL and AGSTL in 22 cases (55%), a sole elevation of
      AASTL in 8 cases and AGSTL in 5 cases (12.5%). Therefore, in this series, at
      least one of the enzymes was elevated in 15 cases out of 40 (87.5%) which
      represents an increase of 12.5% when compared with the study of the sole AASTL
      and an increase of 20% when compared to the study of AGSTL.

PMID- 675122
TI  - [Value of myeloscintigraphy in the detection of intraspinal compressions].
AB  - The authors report their experience of myeloscintigraphy summarizing the 120
      examinations made during the years 1975 and 1976, in the department of
      rheumatology of the regional hospital centre of Clermont-Ferrand. The technique
      uses serum labelled with technetium 99 introduced by the lumbar route.
      Schematically 3 pathological patterns can be determined : complet block,
      segmental block, and partial block. The examination is particularly reliable at
      the dorsal and high lumbar levels, where only one "false negative" was found, and
      even that debatable. In this situation it has a valuable role in regard to both
      the presence and the level of a compression. In the cervical and low lumbar
      levels, its reliability seems definitely inferior, especially in the case of
      lateral disc herniations. Tolerance has always been excellent whatever the age of
      the patient. We have thus an investigation that is simple and well tolerated, and
      its valuable role in the early detection of myelo-radicular compressions should
      assure it a place of choice alongside other methods of paraclinical investigation
      of the spinal canal.

PMID- 675123
TI  - [Microhardness measurement of the cartilage of the human femur head].
AB  - Resistance to compression of the cartilage of 29 heads of human femurs were
      studied with a microdetector. This instrument allows comparison between various
      samples of cartilage, taking into account the macroscopic aspect of the surface
      of the articulation. Study of samples using normal microscopy reveals that the
      hardness of the cartilage can vary considerably from one subject to another,
      without correlation with the microscopic aspect of the articulation surface, or
      the exact place of the biopsy or the age of the subject. The presence of
      superficial microfissures was correlated with significant diminution of the
      hardness of the cartilage. The most extensive lesions of the cartilage due to
      aging were observed in subjects with an intact cartilage that was less resistant
      than the others.

PMID- 675124
TI  - [Gougerot-Sjogren's syndrome and pseudolymphoma. 1 case].

PMID- 675125
TI  - [Joint manifestations in 2 cases of leprosy].

PMID- 675126
TI  - Bioelectrical changes in the rabbit septal nuclei after i.v. administration of
      adrenaline and hydrocortisone.
AB  - The effect of i.v. administration of a 10 gamma/kg b.w. and 20 gamma/kg b.w. dose
      of adrenaline solution and/or 5 mg/kg G. F. hydrocortisone hemisuccinate dose was
      studied on New Zealand, rabbits with pairs of electrode chronically implanted the
      LSN, AN, MSN, NDBB, dorsal hippocampus and RFM. The 10 gamma and the 20 gamma/kg
      b.w. dose of adrenaline cause changes in the EEG traces of the septal nuclei and
      the dorsal hippocampus expressed by a directly proportional increase in the
      frequency, and by a decrease in the mean amplitude of the background acticity
      inversely proportional with the adrenaline dose. Administration of the 5 mg/kg
      hydrocortisone hemisuccinate dose lead to similar modifications, but with lower
      values as compared to those obtained by administration of the 20 gamma/kg dose of
      adrenaline.

PMID- 675127
TI  - Variations in LH and FSH serum gonadotropins in the hypophyseal chromophobe
      adenoma and acromegaly in the woman in relation to age.
AB  - Investigation of the gonadotropic function by radioimmunoassay of serum LH and
      FSH in 62 women with hypophyseal chromophobe adenoma and acromegaly in relation
      to age and by comparison with 40 normal women revealed low values for LH and FSH
      during the reporduction period (20--43 years) and increased values in the
      postmenopausal period (48--84 years) like in physiologic postmenopause. The
      increase of the gonadotropic function in the hypophyseal tumoral syndrome of the
      chromophobe adenoma and acromegaly type above the age of 48 from low values
      compared to the normal to high values like those in physiologic menopause (a
      gonadotropic turning phenomenon) demonstrate an alteration of the hypothalamic
      receptors in relation to age and to these diseases.

PMID- 675128
TI  - Plasmatic level of angiotensin I in normal subjects of various ages, in Cushing's
      syndrome and in normal and pathologic pregnancy.
AB  - Using RIA for determining the plasmatic renin activity in orthostatism according
      to the method of Fyhrquist we obtained in the control group of adult subjects
      nonsignificant variations in relation with sex and age, and in the group with
      Cushing's syndrome associated with arterial hypertension nonsignificantly
      increased values as against the controls. In pathologic pregnancy (toxemic
      pregnancy with arterial hypertension and edemas), the plasmatic renin (PR)
      activity was significantly higher ( less than 0.001) than in the group with
      physiologic pregnancy.

PMID- 675129
TI  - Progressive "empty sella" syndrome, gonadotropins deficiency and congenital
      aqueductal stenosis. Case report.
AB  - A 23-year old woman had both the empty sella syndrome (ESS) and congenital
      stenosis of the aqueduct of Sylvius, diagnosed by fractionated
      pneumencephalography. A progressive increase of the pituitary fossa followed a
      brisk intracranial hypertension. Dynamic pituitary function tests show a
      secondary gonadotropin deficiency. The role of intracranial pressure in the
      pathogenesis of "empty sella" syndrome, as well as the necessity to investigate
      by pneumencephalography all the patients with progressive enlargement of sella
      turcica and secondary pituitary deficiency are suggested.

PMID- 675130
TI  - [Endocrine cells of the digestive tract and physiopathology of gastrointestinal
      hormones].

PMID- 675131
TI  - [Current trends in the treatment of thyroid cancer].

PMID- 675132
TI  - [Therapeutic management of thyroid cancer with remote metastases (experience with
      34 operated cases)].

PMID- 675133
TI  - [Cancer mortality in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil 1970--1972].

PMID- 675134
TI  - [A human strain of Schistosoma mansoni resistant to schistosomicides].

PMID- 675135
TI  - [An intradermal antigen for the diagnosis of cysticercosis].

PMID- 675136
TI  - [Psycho-social profile of the population attacked by rabid animals or animals
      suspected of rabies in Greater Sao Paulo].

PMID- 675137
TI  - [Resources for the prevention of tuberculosis in Londrina, P.R., Brazil].

PMID- 675138
TI  - [Malnutrition and scolastic achievement. Study among the 1st series of 1st grade
      pupils from the peripheral urban zone of Londrina, P.R., Brazil].

PMID- 675139
TI  - [School lunches for the first 4 series of level I in school of the municipal
      teaching network of Sao Paulo, Brazil].

PMID- 675140
TI  - [Selection in strains of Biomphalaria tenagophila and Biomphalaria glabrata for
      improving susceptibility to Schistosoma mansoni].

PMID- 675141
TI  - The induction of triploidy by pressure in Xenopus laevis.

PMID- 675142
TI  - [Metabolism and secretion of bilirubin dimethylester (author's transl)].

PMID- 675143
TI  - [Effect of the intravenous administration of glucagon on levels of selected
      parameters of the mineral metabolism (author's transl)].

PMID- 675144
TI  - [Advantages and hazards of combined chemotherapy in malignant lymphomas (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 675145
TI  - [Complex rational teams for the treatment of Hodgkin's disease (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 675146
TI  - The endogenous release of pancreatic polypeptide by acid and meal in dogs. Effect
      of somatostatin.
AB  - The response of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) to testmeal (5 ml/kg) and
      intraduodenal acid (4 mEq HCl/5min) and its reaction to somatostatin (3.5
      microgram/kg/h following bolus injection of 3.5 microgram/kg) was studied in dogs
      with chronic duodenal and gastric fistulae. In addition the influence of atropin
      (0.5 mg/kg/h) on acid-induced PP response was examined.  PP was measured by
      radioimmunoassay pancreatic secretion by determinating volume, bicarbonate,
      protein, and enzyme in duodenal contents and pancreatic juice. Plasma PP
      increased significantly following intraduodenal application of testmeal and
      hydrochloric acid. Its release was completely suppressed by SST. Furthermore, PP
      response to intraduodenal acid was blocked by atropin. Exocrine pancreatic
      secretion of bicarbonate and protein was inhibited by somatostatin as well as
      atropin. Since PP was released following administration of testmeal and acid,
      both potent stimulators of pancreatotropic duodenal hormones, it may play an
      important role in the control of the entero-pancreatic axis. The effect of
      atropin indicates a cholinergic nervous component of PP release.

PMID- 675147
TI  - Lipase activity in blood following endoscopic pancreatography: demonstration of
      its pancreatic origin and existence of ductal or acino-venous pathways in man.
AB  - The presence of a lipase activity has been observed in the blood of patients
      undergoing an endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP). The
      identity between this serum lipase and pancreatic lipase has been demonstrated by
      their similarity in in chromatographic, immunological, and catalytic properties.
      Lipase activity in serum increased when pancreatography was accompanied by a
      passage of the contrast medium to the kidney demonstrating the presence of ductal
      or acino-venous pathways in man.

PMID- 675148
TI  - Adaptative changes in the small intestine following bypass operation for obesity.
      A radioglocal and histological study.

PMID- 675149
TI  - A secretory epithelium of the small intestine with increased sensitivity to bile
      acids in irritable bowel syndrome associated with diarrhoea.

PMID- 675150
TI  - The prerequisites for local lysolecithin formation in the human gallbladder. II.
      Studies on the positional specificity of the phospholipase A activity.
AB  - The positional specificity of the phospholipase A in human gallbladder epithelium
      was studied by using biosynthetically radioabeled diacylphosphoglycerides as
      substrates. Diacylphosphoglyceride in 14C-palmitic acid-labeled, autoclaved
      E.coli was hydrolyzed under the formation of monoacylphosphoglyceride and fatty
      acid that were both radiolabled. In contrast, diacylphosphoglyceride in 14C
      oleate-labeled bacteria was hydrolyzed so as to give radiolabel in the fatty acid
      only. Since 14C-palmitate occupies predominantly the 1-acyl position and 14C
      oleate the 2-acyl position of the major E. coli diacylphosphoglycerides, these
      findings suggest that: 1) the phospholipase attacks and 2-position of
      diacylphosphoglycerides, and 2) a complete deacylation of diacylphosphoglycerides
      in the gallbladder wall is brought about by the combined action of phospholipase
      A2 and lysophospholipase, the latter being able to hydrolyze the 1
      acyllysophosphoglyceride. It appears, therefore, that the biochemical
      preequisites for a local formation and degreadation of lysolecithin in the
      gallbladder itself are met by the positional specificity of theenzymes present.
      This finding further substantiates the hypothesis that lysolecithin is an
      adjustable mediator of aseptic cholecystitis.

PMID- 675151
TI  - Standardized ("trifixed") diet in the study of chronic malabsorption syndromes.
AB  - 143 patients (70 patients with Crohn's disease, 11 with ulcerative colitis, 40
      with an intestinal by-pass operation, 9 with non-tropical sprue, 10 with short
      bowel syndrome, and 3 with other gastrointestinal disease) were studied during a
      metabolic regime including a fixed oral supply of 70 g fat, 800 mg calcium, and
      200 mg oxalate. Faecal fat, 47Ca-absorption, 14C-oxalate absorption, and renal
      oxalate excretion were measured, and in the majority of patients a 14C-glyco
      cholic acid breath test was also performed. 14Ca-absorption was practically
      identical (r = 0.92), whether determined by whole-body counting or from the
      accumulation of absorbed 47Ca in the skeleton of the underarm. 14C-oxalate
      absorption and renal oxalate excretion agreed well (r = 0.85). Steatorrhoea
      correlated weakly with renal oxalate excretion (r = 0.63, p less than 0.001),
      whereas no correlation was present between faecal fat and calcium absorption or
      between oxalate and calcium absorption under the constant conditions prevailing
      during the study. It is recommended that a "trifixed" regime with absorption
      studies of fat, calcium, and oxalate be undertaken previous to therapy that aims
      at a reduction of steatorrhoea or hyperoxaluria or an improvement of calcium
      absorption in chronic malabsorption syndromes, not least because therapy of these
      categories of patients most often continues for years.

PMID- 675152
TI  - Urolithiasis in chronic inflammatory bowel disease.
AB  - In a selected material of 228 patients with chronic inflammatory bowel disease
      (CIBD) the incidence of urolithiasis was 15% (95% confidence limit 11-21). The
      tendency to urolithiasis is significantly correlated to small-bowel resection and
      its extent and to obstruction in the urinary tract. On the other hand, there is
      no definite correlation to the duration or extent of the bowel disease. The
      significant correlation between urolithiasis and ileal resection is in agreement
      with the hyperabsorption of oxalate as an important cause of stone formation
      demonstrated by others. That local factors too play an essential role in the
      formation of urinary calculi is apparent from the increased incidence of
      urolithiasis in obstruction of the urinary tract. The incidence of urolithiasis
      was particularly high (22-25%) among patients with ileostomies. The few and
      negligible symptoms of and sequelae to, urolithiasis in CIBD encourage a
      conservative attitude.

PMID- 675153
TI  - Gastroesophageal sphincter pressure and serum gastrin studies following food
      intake before and after vagotomy for duodenal ulcer.
AB  - Gastroesophageal sphincter pressure (GESP) and serum gastrin concentration (SGC)
      were determined in the basal state and after a protein meal in 6 patients with
      duodenal ulcer (DU) 6 patients after parietal cell vagotomy (PCV) 6 patients
      after selective gastric vagotomy plus drainage (SGV + D), and 6 patients after
      selective gastric vagotomy plus precise antrectomy (SGV + A). No  correlation in
      the resting state between GESP and SGC was observed. After food ingestion, DU
      patients showed a sustained rise in GESP which lasted up to the end of the
      experiment. The vagotomized patients, however, showed no rise in sphincter
      pressure after food intake--rather a tendency to decrease in pressure occurred.
      On the contrary, SGC rose significantly after food ingestion in patients with SGV
      + D or PCV, while in DU patient this rise was less significant. Patients with
      vagotomy and antrectomy showed no rise in SGC. These results do not suggest that
      SGC and extrinsic vagal innervation in the resting state play a significant role
      in the maintenance of the tone of GES. After food ingestion an interaction may
      occur between intact vagal innervation and rise in SGC in order to obtain an
      adequate rise in GESP.

PMID- 675154
TI  - Relation of gastroesophageal sphincter pressure and esophageal contractile waves
      to age in man.
AB  - Gastroesophageal sphincter pressure (GESP) and contractile waves of the esophagus
      were measured in 113 normal subjects ranging in age between 2 months and 74
      years. The amplitude and duration of the peristaltic waves of the thoracic
      esophagus were similar in both children and adults. Resting GESP pressures were
      dependent upon age. In children under one year, high pressures were recorded. The
      high pressures gradually diminished until between 15 and 24 years, whereafter
      they remained at similar values up to 65 years. After this age, a further decline
      in pressure was observed. The importance of these findings are discussed.

PMID- 675155
TI  - The effect on intestinal calcium absorption of somatostatin in man.
AB  - Somatostatin has been detected in the gastrointestinal tract and has been shown
      to have wide actions on gastrointestinal function. Using an isotope method with
      51Cr as a stool marker, we have examined the absorption of 47Ca in 9 healthy
      volunteers with and without infusion of cyclic somatostatin  (250 microgram/h for
      2 hours). Both serum and faecal measurements show reduced 47Ca-absorption during
      somatostatin infusion, net absorption falling from 53.0 +/- 14% without to 40.4
      +/- 13% with somatostatin. Possible explanations are discussed with special
      emphasis on the possibility of an inhibition of active calcium transport, which
      may be a more general mode of somatostatin action.

PMID- 675156
TI  - Comparison of juice obtained during duodenal aspiration and cannulation of the
      main pancreatic duct after stimulation with exogenous secretin in man.
AB  - The exocrine pancreatic secretion obtained by endoscopic cannulation was compared
      with that obtained by a conventional duodenal tube after exogenous secretin. The
      flow rate, bicarbonate output, and amylase output in response to secretin was
      larger during duodenal aspiration than when collecting during endoscopic
      cannulation. The majority of samples collected from the duodenum contained bile,
      whereas those from the pancreatic duct were, with few exceptions, colourless. In
      all patients the bicarbonate concentration was lower in the duodenal aspirate
      than in the pancreatic juice. In 5 of the 7 patients, however, the concentration
      of amylase was higher in the duodenal aspirate than in juice collected by
      endoscopic cannulation. In these patients the quantitative difference found could
      not therefore solely be explained by non-quantitative collection of juice from
      the pancreatic duct and/or contamination of bile, intestinal juice, and gastric
      juice in the duodenum. Augmentation of the response to secretin by the presence
      of bile and pancreatic juice in the duodenum and inhibition by the endoscopic
      cannulation of the pancreatic duct are discussed as alternative explanations.

PMID- 675157
TI  - Simultaneous recording of gastric and duodenal electrical activity.
AB  - A method for simultaneous recordings of the gastric and duodenal smooth muscle
      electrical activity is described. Three pairs of silver electrodes are arranged
      along one side of a double lumen intestinal tube, which is fixed to the mucosal
      wall by suction. The slow pacesetter waves (BER) and the fast spikes accompanying
      motor activity are recorded on separate channels, together with registrations of
      intraluminal pressure variations and respiration.

PMID- 675158
TI  - Urinary oxalate excretion related to ileocolic surgery in patients with Crohn's
      disease.
AB  - Urinary oxalate excretion was studied in healthy subjects and before and after
      surgery in patients with Crohn's disease. Urinary oxalate excretion in relation
      to the length of diseased or resected ileal segment in patients subjected to
      restorative and colectomy procedures, as well as in relation to faecal excretion
      of fat and bile salts and to urinary excretion of vitamin B12 and calcium, was
      also studied. The studies were performed in patients on a free diet or standard
      hospital diet and on a high-oxalate and/or high-fat diet. When patients subjected
      to ileal resection in conjunction with minor colonic resection were studied on a
      high-oxalate diet, urinary oxalate excretion increased with length of ileum
      resected and correlated with faecal fat excretion and urinary excretion of
      vitamin B12 but not with faecal excretion of bile salts. Increasing the dietary
      fat intake in these patients further increased urinary oxalate excretion.
      Although urinary oxalate excretion increased somewhat in colectomized patients on
      a high-oxalate diet, indicating an increased absorption of dietary oxalate, this
      increase showed no correlation either to faecal fat or bile salt excretion, or to
      urinary excretion of vitamin B12. The result are consistent with the "solubility
      theory". A diet low in fat and oxalate and high in calcium is recommended in
      patients with hyperoxaluria.

PMID- 675160
TI  - Effects of short-time somatostatin infusion on the gastric and intestinal
      propulsion in humans.
AB  - The effect of short-time somatostatin infusion on gastric and intestinal
      propulsion of an oral glucose load was examined in healthy subjects by means of a
      multiple indicator dilution technique. The early gastric emptying rate was
      enhanced by somatostatin, indicating delayed gastric inhibition. After withdrawal
      of the somatostatin infusion, the late gastric emptying rate was decreased and
      the intestinal propagation rate markedly slowed. The effect of long-time
      somatostatin infusion has to be examined to analyse the nature of the events
      described.

PMID- 675159
TI  - The metabolic consequences of surgery in Crohn's disease.

PMID- 675161
TI  - The effect of sterculia bulk on the viscosity of stomal output from twelve
      patients with ileostomy.
AB  - The addition of 15g of sterculia bulk (Inolaxol) to the daily food patients with
      ileostomy increased the viscosity of the stomal output by roughly 100%. The
      clinical result of this change was beneficial in 9 out of 12 patients in terms of
      diminished bandaging difficulties. Adding bulk to the diet of patients with
      ileostomy may thus facilitate the management of the stoma by increasing the
      viscosity of the output.

PMID- 675162
TI  - A prospective comparative study of clinical and pathological characteristics in
      Icelandic and Danish patients with gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, and X-ray
      negative dyspepsia. II. Histological results.
AB  - The occurrence of gastritis in antral and body mucosa is compared in an Icelandic
      and a Danish group of patients with gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, and X-ray
      negative dyspepsia. In all 93 Icelandic and 88 Danish patients were examined. All
      signs of antral gastritis were more frequent in Icelandic than in Danish
      patients, but only the incidence of superficial inflammation and decreased mucus
      content in surface and crypt epithelium differed significantly. In body mucosa
      pseudopyloric metaplasia was more frequent in Iceland and occurred equally
      freqeuntly in all three diseases. A statistically significant correlation was
      found between macroscopic gastritis and occurrence of antral superficial
      inflammation and between smoking and superficial inflammation and decreased mucus
      content in the pyloric biopsy specimen. The presence of histological gastritis
      was not correlated to the intake of alcohol and salicylic acid, nor to the
      presence of pain at the time of investigation.

PMID- 675163
TI  - Secretin and the Zollinger--Ellison syndrome: reliability of secretin tests and
      pathogenetic role of secretin.

PMID- 675164
TI  - Pyogenic meningitis in Ibadan, Nigeria. A 15-month prospective study.
AB  - Between January 1976 and March 1977, cerebrospinal fluid samples from 2130
      patients at University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria were examined, 130
      patients were shown to have pyogenic meningitis. The commonest causative bacteria
      were Streptococcus pneumoniae (53.8%), Haemophilus influenzae (23%), Neisseria
      meningitidis (7.7%) and Klebsiella spp. (3%). Most of the infections occurred in
      very young children: 47% of all patients were under 1 year of age, and 69% were
      under 5 years old. The overall case fatality rate was 30% (Strep. penumoniae
      infection 28.6%, H. influenzae and N. meningitidis infection both 20%). All 4
      patients with klebsiella infection died. There was a noticeable increase in the
      incidence of Strep. pneumoniae strains showing resistance to tetracycline,
      between 1974 and 1976, and this was attributed to the widespread use and abuse of
      the antibiotic among the general population. Two strains of H. influenzae were
      found to be resistant to ampicillin; such strains have not previously been
      reported from Nigeria. The results of the study support the use of a combination
      of ampicillin and gentamicin in the initial treatment of pyogenic meningitis in
      Ibadan.

PMID- 675165
TI  - Metronidazole treatment of liver abscess due to bacteroides fragilis.
AB  - A 67-year-old woman with a liver abscess due to Bacteroides fragilis was treated
      with metronidazole 0.4 g orally every 8 h for 6 weeks. There was a rapid clinical
      improvement even though no surgical drainage was performed. By the indirect
      immunofluorescence technique using the patient's own strain as an antigen the
      antibody titer declined from 5120 to 80 in 6 months, suggesting eradication of
      the infecting agent.

PMID- 675166
TI  - Serum Q fever antibodies in Swedish UN soldiers in Cyprus--reflecting a domestic
      or foreign disease?
AB  - Swedish soldiers from 2 battalions serving in Cyprus 1975 and 1976 were tested
      serologically for Coxiella burnetii phase 2 complement-fixing antibodies. 2.7%
      were positive. Although none of the seropositive soldiers had been seriously ill
      abroad, the titers are considered to emanate from an infection in Cyprus as there
      is no evidence of domestic Q fever from a survey of 1390 Swedes.

PMID- 675167
TI  - Measles encephalopathy during immunosuppression (MEI)

PMID- 675168
TI  - Early diagnosis of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) by demonstration of specific IgM
      antibodies.
AB  - The demonstration of specific IgM antibodies after separation of immunoglobulins
      was used for the early diagnosis of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE). The separation
      was done by sucrose-gradient density ultracentrifugation and IgM antibodies were
      demonstrated with the hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test. IgM antibodies were
      found in 9/11 sera taken within 3 days after onset of clinical symptoms and in
      all sera (37/37) taken 4--15 days after onset of the disease. Most sera (22/24)
      were still IgM positive 3--6 weeks after onset of the disease. After this period
      of time IgM antibodies could no longer be defected. The demonstration of IgM
      antibodies also proved valuable in confirming the diagnosis in several cases
      where no antibody rise was found neither by the complement-fixation (cf), nor by
      the HI test.

PMID- 675169
TI  - Duration of improvement of rheumatoid arthritis after good response to
      cyclophosphamide treatment.

PMID- 675170
TI  - Effect of osmium tetroxide and 198Au in normal and arthritic rabbit knee joints.
AB  - Antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) was induced in adult rabbit knee joints, using
      ovalbumin as antigen. After 4 weeks, intra-articular injections of 0.3 ml 1%
      osmium tetroxide or 100 muCi 198Au were given. The same injections were also
      given to normal animals. The animals were observed for up to 12 weeks. In the
      normal animals, no affection of articular cartilage could be seen by light
      microscopy. In the arthritic animals, however, severe destruction of articular
      cartilage was seen. The degree of destruction in the osmium tetroxide-treated
      animals was similar to or even worse than that of the controls, whereas the 198Au
      treated animals showed a lesser degree of destruction than both controls and
      osmium tetroxide-treated animals. Autoradiograms, using 3H-thymidine, showed
      affection articular cartilage in all groups, i.e. both normal and arthritic.

PMID- 675171
TI  - Yersinia enterocolitica carditis as a differential diagnosis--and the prognosis
      of this disease.

PMID- 675172
TI  - Acetylation phenotype in rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - The acetylation rate of INH was studied in 39 patients with RA; 20 patients with
      cardiac arrhythmia served as controls. Statistically, no significant difference
      was observed between the groups. The percentages of rapid acetylators in the RA
      and control groups were higher (59 and 55%, respectively) than the reported
      incidence in the Finnish population, 44% (11). The polymorphic acetylation
      phenotype was not correlated with either clinical parameters of RA or with
      sensitivity to gold salts.

PMID- 675173
TI  - Endoscopic evaluation of the effect of azapropazone on the gastric mucosa.
AB  - The gastro-intestinal tolerance of azapropazone, a new non-steroidal anti
      inflammatory agent, was studied endoscopically in 14 volunteers with no past
      history of gastro-intestinal disease. This study shows that gastrointestinal
      tolerance to azapropazone given in a daily dose of 1200 mg for a period of 31
      days is good. Istolated erosions with mild hyperemia were found in 2 subjects
      only. No subjective symptoms were noted during the period of the study.

PMID- 675174
TI  - Tissue atrophy and subcutaneous edema of the rheumatoid hand. A roentgenographic
      study of soft tissues.
AB  - Soft tissue radiography of the hands using a mammographic immersion technique was
      performed on 119 patients having definite or classical rheumatoid arthritis and
      on 123 controls of matching age, sex and professional distribution. The grade of
      soft tissue atrophy in the hands was visually estimated from the radiographs and
      the combined cortical thickness of the second metacarpal shaft and skin thickness
      of the lateral side of the hand were measured. The stage of chronic edema in the
      absence of synovitis was estimated. Local bone cortical thickness and skin
      thickness have a highly significant correlation to the estimated atrophy grade.
      Soft tissue atrophy of hands is a sign which appears in chronic rheumatoid
      arthritis, especially in elderly females and has a clear correlation to the
      number of other irreversible radiographic signs in the hands. The incidence of
      moderate or advanced atrophy was 21% in rheumatoid patients. Chronic edema was
      found in 16%, mostly in connection with atrophic changes. A lymphatic origin of
      this sign is suggested.

PMID- 675175
TI  - Psychological aspects of rheumatoid arthritis vis-a-vis osteoarthrosis.
AB  - Using objective techniques (M.M.P.I; M.H.P.A.; ANAM; S.T.A.I.), a transverse
      investigation of two groups of arthritic patients (35 rheumatoid arthritis and 30
      oesteoarthrosis) was carried out. The Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) patients evidence
      greater depression (p less than 0.02), while the osteoarthrosis (OA) patients had
      higher levels of manifest aggressivity (p less than 0.01) and more somatic
      preoccupation (p less than 0.02). The RA group had a higher incidence of loss of
      a family member as a preceding life event (p less than 0.05), and a greater
      incidence of psychopathological problems in infancy (p less than 0.05). These
      findings were used to construct an interpretative hypothetical model which
      represents a starting point and a stimulus for future research.

PMID- 675176
TI  - Inflammatory parameters in rheumatoid arthritis during and after administration
      of an anti-mitotic agent (Podophyllum lignan derivatives).

PMID- 675178
TI  - Effects of colour on perceived depth. Review of experiments and evaluation of
      theories.

PMID- 675177
TI  - Cutaneous lupus induced by penicillamine.

PMID- 675179
TI  - Psychological tests as indicators of excessive exposure to carbon disulfide.

PMID- 675181
TI  - The relationship between psychological test results and EEG patterns in healthy
      children.

PMID- 675180
TI  - Embedded Figures Test compared with clinical tests of abstraction and memory in
      intellectual impairment.

PMID- 675182
TI  - Pulmonary functions and responses to exercise of patients following cranio
      cerebral injury.
AB  - To assess the causes of excessive fatigue among patients who have recovered from
      cranio-cerebral injury (CCI) nineteen patients and fourteen healthy controls
      underwent pulmonary function testing at rest and cardiopulmonary evaluation
      during two submaximal exercise work-loads. Total lung capacity, vital capacity
      and forced expired volume were reduced by 25--40% among the patients. Functional
      residual capacity was normal. No improvement was elicited by inhalation of
      Ventolin and bronchoconstriction could thus be excluded. The above pattern may
      result from either decreased compliance of the chest wall or from weak (or non
      coordinated) respiratory musculature. Exercise heart rate, minute ventilation and
      ventilatory equivalent were higher, and O2 pulse lower, among the CCI patients
      compared with the controls. This indicates lower circulatory and ventilatory
      efficiency during exercise among the patients, possibly due to habitual
      hypoactivity and detraining.

PMID- 675183
TI  - The physical, psycho-social and vocational effectiveness of a sheltered workshop
      for brain-damaged war veterans.
AB  - This two-year investigation of the rehabilitation effectiveness of a sheltered
      workshop for severely brain-damaged war veterans who had been deemed non-feasible
      for the Ministry of Defense's usual rehabilitation services, included: (a) a
      multi-disciplinary staff, (b) adapted jobs, (c) client involvement in workshop
      management and maintenance, (d) client earnings and (e) social activities. Brain
      damaged war veterans from the Tel Aviv area constituted the experimental group.
      Persons with similar neurological impairment, cognitive, emotional disabilities
      and social handicaps constituted the control group. In interviews at the
      beginning and end of the research period, the rehabilitation workshop members and
      the families expressed a significantly greater increase in satisfaction with a
      variety of major life activities than did members of the control group and their
      families. It would appear that sheltered work can increase the brain-damaged
      persons' satisfaction with major life activities by ameliorating the personal,
      social and vocational dysfunction that accompanies and aggravates the consequence
      of brain damage.

PMID- 675184
TI  - Dynamic features of standing and their correlation with neurological disorders.
AB  - Standing posture is a result of complex activity of the human control system.
      Irregularities of postural control may be expected to result in deviations from
      normal standing. In the present study a ballistic monitoring technique was
      employed to establish criteria for assessment of postural disorders. Two
      "Kistler" force plate dynamometers were used to measure changes in the weight
      bearing components of each foot and displacement of the center of pressure of
      each foot. The patterns were analysed separately, and it was found that each of
      the monitored parameters demonstrated three modes of oscillation--termed Tremor,
      Ataxia and Sway. Statistical analysis conducted on three groups of subjects
      (normals, post-C.V.A. hemiplegics and brain injured) revealed significant
      intergroup differences in movement patterns. Good agreement was found between the
      interpretation of the ballistic features and the clinical diagnosis.

PMID- 675185
TI  - Dynamic load in the human knee joint during voluntary active impact to the lower
      leg.
AB  - The aim of the study was to get an insight into the nature of the dynamic load in
      a joint caused by impacts of physiological magnitude to the distal part of an
      extremity of normal, live human subjects. A method was developed for the
      calculation of two components of the impulse reaction (parallel and perpendicular
      to the lower leg) as a measure of the dynamic load in the knee. A theoretical
      model regarding the lower limb as a double pendulum was chosen and equations
      developed. Five subjects were studied during kicking situations and the
      components of the impulse reaction were calculated. With a normal kicking motion
      pattern the direction of the components of the impulse reaction in the knee joint
      caused by the impact to the lower leg are usually distal and anterior. The
      impulse reaction thus tends to cause a traction of the lower leg from the thigh
      and an anterior displacement of the proximal part of the lower leg in relation to
      the distal part of the thigh. Anatomical structures which can prevent this
      displacement are discussed.

PMID- 675186
TI  - Knee muscular moment, tendon tension force and EMG during a vigorous movement in
      man.
AB  - With injuries to the components of the extensor apparatus of the knee as a
      background, it is interesting to investigate the magnitude of forces acting on
      these components, i.e. m. quadriceps femoris, the quadriceps tendon, patella,
      lig. patellae and tuberositas tibiae, during a vigorous but physiological
      movement. By means of the dynamic laws of mechanics the muscular moment of force
      with respect to the bilateral knee axis during kicking was calculated in 6 normal
      subjects. It was found that the maximum extending muscular moment in the knee
      occurs very early in the movement, when the initial flexion changes into
      extension, and thus long before the ball is hit. The peak of quadriceps EMG
      activity coincides with maximum moment. The EMG peak of the antagonistically
      acting hamstrings comes later, nearer to when the ball is struck. The greatest
      extending muscular moment obtained during the swing phase of kicking was
      surprisingly high, 260 Nm, corresponding to a tension force in the patellar
      tendon of 5200 N or about 7 times body weight. These values are discussed in
      relation to tendon strength.

PMID- 675187
TI  - The population study of women in Goteborg 1974--1975--the second phase of a
      longitudinal study. General design, purpose and sampling results.
AB  - A study of a population sample of women in Goteborg aged 38--60 years was carried
      out in 1968--1969. This population sample has been re-studied during the years
      1974--1975. Altogether 1302 women participated in this second study, which means
      89.1% of those studied in 1968--1969 and 80.3% of those initially sampled. Twenty
      six women had died during the interval between the two studies, more than half of
      them from neoplastic disease. Information is given about those who had moved or
      were inaccessible at the time of the second study or who refused to participate.
      The performance of the examination is described and research projects are
      outlined.

PMID- 675188
TI  - A survey of criminal homicide in Nigeria.
AB  - Reports on 500 cases of murder were extracted from the case records of the
      Federal Supreme Court of Nigeria. Offenders were nearly always men and the
      victims were males in 64% of cases. The weapons were most often machetes or
      cutlasses. The killer and the victim were often related or were friends; only 8%
      were strangers. In 42% of cases, financial motives were involved.

PMID- 675189
TI  - Some aspects concerning admittance to and accommodation in geriatric institutions
      housing persons with varying degrees of need for care.
AB  - On the basis of an account of the mortality and changes in the need for care over
      a 2-year period among independent persons and patients requiring care in De
      Gamles By, Copenhagen, an assessment is made of the movements of patients and the
      need for care in a model of a geriatric institution. This model includes both
      purpose-built residential apartments for independent persons and places for
      dependent patients requiring nursing care. It is shown that the accommodation for
      the latter patients rapidly becomes occupied by the independent persons from the
      residential apartments who subsequently need nursing care. Thus, the places in
      the nursing section are blocked for the admittance of dependent persons living in
      the community outside. This situation arises when there are equal numbers of both
      types of accomodation. Where the number of residential apartments is greater than
      the number of places in the nursing section the care function must be transferred
      to the residential apartments, and this is regarded as impracticable.

PMID- 675190
TI  - Minimum variability in the need for care in geriatric institutions.
AB  - Based on an account of the need for nursing care in the entire patient population
      in De Gamles By, Copenhagen, on January 15, 1967, and again on January 15, 1969,
      it is shown that the need for care varies considerably, despite a policy of
      admitting only independent persons. The consequences of this variability for the
      size of the nursing staff required are discussed, together with some aspects of
      admittance policy.

PMID- 675191
TI  - A new method for investigating the relation between change and initial value in
      longitudinal blood pressure data. I. Description and application of the method.
AB  - The relation between change and initial value is of great interest in
      longitudinal studies. With variables containing random errors (short-term intra
      individual variations and measurement errors) the directly computed relation is
      however, biased by the regression towards the mean phenomenon. Earlier proposed
      solutions of the problem are unsatisfactory. In this paper the regression towards
      the mean phenomenon is described and a new method is proposed by which the error
      caused by the regression towards the mean is avoided. The method is applied to a
      set of longitudinal blood pressure data. It is shown that the observed, biased
      relation in this case is significantly negative, while the correct relation
      obtained with this method is significantly positive. Since random errors are
      present in most biological variables, similar erroneous conclusions may easily be
      drawn also in other cases if the regression towards the mean phenomenon is not
      corrected for. In this analysis, random errors constitute 65--80% of the observed
      blood pressure change. To reduce this dominance, recommendations about study
      design for future studies of change/initial value relationships are given.

PMID- 675192
TI  - [Should patients with portal hypertension undergo surgery?].
AB  - There is a noticeable similarity between the surgery of cancer and that of portal
      hypertension secondary to hepatic cirrhosis. The problems associated with the
      basic disease and with the surgical techniques used for its treatment are such
      that therapy should be determined by selection criteria, both when bleeding
      occurs and between bleeds. Highly experienced internists and surgeons are
      required and it is therefore advantageous if portal hypertension patients are
      referred to and concentrated in a small number of specialist centers. There the
      decision to operate should continue to be based on predetermined criteria,
      bearing in mind the patient's basic disease. If cirrhosis is in the foreground,
      as is so often the case, long-term social care should receive greater emphasis
      than hitherto in planning postoperative management.

PMID- 675193
TI  - [Clinical approach to the diagnosis of persistent diarrheas].
AB  - The differential diagnosis of chronic diarrhea is often difficult and
      necessitates a two-step evaluation: (1) classification as to the clinical type of
      diarrhea (accelerated transit time, lesional, metabolic); (2) once the type of
      diarrhea is ascertained, search for the causative factor. The clinical
      classification is within the general practitioner's capability, whereas step two
      is more a matter for the specialist.

PMID- 675194
TI  - [Pathology of colonic polyps].
AB  - Recent developments in the field of polyps of the colon are discussed. The WHO
      classification represents a definite improvement. Apart from standardization, non
      neoplastic polypoid changes of varying etiology and hamartomatous polyps are
      clearly distinguished from neoplastic, non-malignant adenomas. The various
      changes are outlined briefly in their essential characteristics. Clear-cut
      differentiation from early invasive cancer is of considerable importance for
      practical therapeutic purposes. Focal carcinoma within an adenoma is referred to
      only if invasion through the muscularis mucosae is established, while all other
      changes confined to the mucosa are termed adenomas with focal epithelial atypia.
      With regard to the relation between adenoma and cancer of the colon, recent
      results on topographical distribution of adenomas through the colon are of
      considerable significance. From serial studies of biopsy and autopsy specimens on
      the one hand, and from assessment of colon carcinoma incidence compared with
      mortality rates in carcinomas of different localizations on the other, it is
      evident that special attention should be given henceforward to adenomas, possible
      precursors, and carcinomas in the upper segments of the colon.

PMID- 675195
TI  - [Double-contrast radiologic examination of the colon and rectum].
AB  - Double contrast (DC) barium enema is used at many centers as a routine technique
      for examination of the colon. However, simple contrast enema remains an efficient
      alternative easy to perform. DC may be performed in a direct manner in a single
      operation. The contraindications are few (severe colitis, risk of perforation).
      DC has proved advantageous for detection of polyps and study of inflammatory
      diseases of the colon. In granulomatous colitis in particular, it contributes to
      better analysis and differential diagnosis of the lesions, and surveillance of
      their evolution.

PMID- 675196
TI  - [Chlamydia peritonitis: a disease of young females].
AB  - Serological evidence of recent infection with Chlamydia trachomatis was found in
      9 of 11 young women with acute peritonitis or perihepatitis proved by
      laparoscopy. High antibody titres to chlamydiae without laboratory evidence of
      gonococcal infection were present in 5 of these 9 patients, while the other 4 had
      evidence of simultaneous gonococcal infection. C. trachomatis may play an
      important part in peritoneal inflammation previously attributed only to
      gonococci.

PMID- 675197
TI  - [Arteriovenous fistulae following liver puncture biopsy].
AB  - 5 cases of arterio-venous fistula secondary to needle biopsy of the liver are
      reported. In 4 cases the lesion was a chance radiologic finding during
      arteriography and did not require a surgical procedure. In two cases spontaneous
      closure of the fistula was demonstrated by a second arteriography. Only in the
      fifth case did development of portal hypertension require a surgical procedure,
      ligature of the right hepatic artery being performed.

PMID- 675198
TI  - [Comparison of the biliary excretion of the radiographic contrast media
      Iotroxamate and Ioglycamide in the dog].
AB  - Biliary excretion of iotroxamat (ITX) and ioglycamide (IGL) in cholecystectomized
      dogs fitted with a Thomas duodenal cannula is compatible with saturation kinetics
      exhibiting maximal excretory velocities of 2.23 +/- SD 0.18 and 1.22 +/- 0.19
      mumol/min/kg, respectively. While biliary excretion of ITX obeyed classical
      Michaelis Menten kinetics, the data obtained with IGL suggested a more complex
      process. The choleretic effects of both contrast agents (23.6 +/- SD 2.29 and
      25.8 +/- 2.21 microliter of excreted substance) were comparable. On the basis of
      these results and in view of the similar toxicity of the two contrast agents in
      animals, it may be expected that ITX will have advantages over IGL for
      intravenous cholangiography.

PMID- 675199
TI  - [Volvulus of the colon].
AB  - Twenty-two cases of volvulus of the colon are reported. The conservative and
      surgical methods of treatment are discussed. It should be emphasized that a
      preliminary X-ray study of the colon with Gastrografin is necessary to identify
      the nature and site of obstruction and any associated lesions.

PMID- 675200
TI  - [What is the contribution of colposcopic polypectomy?].
AB  - Coloscopic polypectomy saves patients with polyps of the colon from diagnostic
      laparotomy and also serves for the diagnosis and in the majority of patients even
      therapy of early colonic cancer. Complications are rare and most can be
      controlled by endoscopy. Recurrences of the polyp are possible, and therefore,
      follow-up is necessary.

PMID- 675201
TI  - [Conservative therapy of acute ulcer hemorrhage using somatostatin. Pilot study].
AB  - Somatostatin (SST) infusion was used to treat severe upper intestinal hemorrhage
      in 10 patients with peptic ulcer disease. Bleeding ceased in all patients 4-8 h
      after start of infusion. In one case bleeding recurred when SST infusion was
      discontinued; SST was given again and the hemorrhage definitively halted. Another
      patient suffered a recurrence while under SST infusion and had to be operated
      upon. SST appears to be effective in controlling hemorrhage from peptic ulcer,
      though further studies are required.

PMID- 675202
TI  - [Effect of somatostatin on the endogenous release of secretin and pancreatic
      polypeptide in the dog].
AB  - In dogs with chronic duodenal and gastric fistula the effect of somatostatin
      (SST) on the endogenous release of secretin and pancretic polypeptide (PP) was
      investigated. The release of secretin following intraduodenal acid administration
      was significantly reduced by SST. While PP increased significantly after a test
      meal, its release was completely suppressed by SST.

PMID- 675203
TI  - [Is there any drug therapy for human echinococcosis?].

PMID- 675204
TI  - [Chemotherapy of echinococcosis in laboratory animals].

PMID- 675205
TI  - [Radiotherapy of esophageal neoplasms. Review of the 1st post-therapeutic year].
AB  - The first post-therapeutic year in 33 patients with esophageal cancer treated by
      radiotherapy alone is analyzed. Effectiveness of treatment was measured by
      clinical symptoms, radiological findings, and autopsy results. Out of a group of
      33 patients, 36.4% showed no subjective or objective symptoms 1 year after
      commencement of therapy. Based on our own experience and the literature, the
      concept of therapy in esophageal cancer is discussed.

PMID- 675206
TI  - [Contribution to the formal pathogenesis of the classical seminoma. Early
      diagnosis from testicular biopsies?].
AB  - 13 cases of seminoma of the testes were investigated in detail by means of light
      microscopy using paraffin and semithin sections. Paraffin sections were the basis
      for diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis. In semithin sectins, even individual
      seminoma cells within the seminiferous tubules were recognized by characteristic
      cytological features. In semithin sections also the development of the solid
      tumor from intratubular seminoma cells was elucidated. On the basis of our
      findings, the following concept of seminoma spread may be advanced: intratubular
      seminoma cells invade the lamina propria and gain access to to the interstitial
      tissue. Subsequent to the migration of seminoma cells, the tubules are smaller in
      diameter and contain only Sertoli cells. The seminoma cells in the interstitial
      tissue increase in number and build up the solid tumor.

PMID- 675207
TI  - [Internal medical accidents during cross country skiing. Deaths and
      hospitalizations in the Upper Engadine].
AB  - Between January 1975 and March 1978, 15 cases of sudden death or hospitalized
      medical emergencies occurred during cross-country skiing in the Engadine region,
      comprising 3 sudden deaths, 9 myocardial infarctions, and 3 neurovascular
      accidents. The total number is small as compared to the number of people
      practising this sport. Among participants of the Engadine Ski Marathon, the
      incidence was 1 emergency per 40,000 skiing hours and 1 death per 120,000 skiing
      hours. Patients suffering from myocardial infarctions were all vacationers  from
      lower altitudes, in most whom several risk factors were present. Two cases of
      cerebrovascular accident demonstrate that competitive cross-country skiing may
      impose enormous stress on the cerebrosvascular system even in well-trained
      individuals.

PMID- 675208
TI  - [Postoperative reflux gastritis].
AB  - Postoperative reflux gastritis is generally considered a definite clinical
      syndrome. It is the possible sequel to any gastric surgery suppressing pyloric
      continence. Incidence of this complication is still difficult to evaluate,
      whereas enterogastric reflux is often seen during endoscopy. 75 patients were
      studied clinically and endoscopically, and their gastric mucosa histologically,
      after gastric surgery. Results were compared to those in a 2nd group of patients
      whose reflux induced symptoms had been brought under control by endoscopically
      confirmed surgical correction of reflux. Enterogastric reflux is common (80%),
      but its effect on the gastric mucosa is observed endoscopically only when it is
      relatively marked (69%). Clinical suspicion of reflux gastritis is most often
      confirmed by endoscopy, but endoscopic reflux gastritis is symptomatic in only
      half of patients undergoing surgery. Foveolar hyperplasia is the only
      histological criterion related to reflux gastritis.

PMID- 675209
TI  - [Clinical application of the radiolabeled bile salt tolerance test].
AB  - The labeled bile salt tolerance test is the measure of the decrease in plasmatic
      radioactivity after intravenous injection of carboxyl-14C-labeled chenic acid.
      The label is distributed in the blood, taken up by hepatocytes and then secreted
      in the bile. The decrease in plasmatic radioactivity during the 4 h following the
      injection follows a bi-exponential curve. It has been studied in 6 normal
      subjects, 4 patients equipped with "T tube", 3 cases of acute viral hepatitis, 4
      cases of hepatic steatosis, and 6 cases of hepatic cirrhosis. The first slope
      (b1) represents the hepatic uptake of the label. It is lowered in cases of viral
      hepatitis and in cirrhosis. The second slope (b2) represents hepato-biliary
      secretion of the label. It is lowered in patients equipped with a "T tube". From
      100 min after the injection, the plasma concentration of radioactivity remains
      constant. This is the residual value (R), and it is very low in normal subjects.
      It is increased in cases of acute viral hepatitis and cirrhosis, indicating
      displacement of a fraction of the bile salt pool into peripheral blood. After a
      standard meal, the R value is not modified in the normal subject. In cases of
      steatosis and cirrhosis, a temporary peak may be seen, indicating recirculation
      of the label towards the periphery due to a porto-systemic shunt or a hepatocyte
      lesion.

PMID- 675211
TI  - Guidelines concerning assistance to the dying (euthanasia).

PMID- 675210
TI  - [Correlations between inflammatory activity, immunoglobulins and complement
      components in the synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and
      arthrosis].
AB  - In 81 synovial fluids (39 from rheumatoid arthritis and 42 from osteoarthritis
      patients), levels of IgG, IgM, IgA, and complement components C3, C4, and C3
      proactivator were estimated. Lactatedehydrogenase (LDH) was used as the parameter
      of inflammatory activity. With increased LDH activity, the concentrations of all
      immunoglobulins rose in both groups. In the complement components, this positive
      linear correlation was demonstrated only in the osteoarthritic group. In
      rheumatoid arthritis, the results were best demonstrated by means of a regression
      type curve of the 3rd degree (p less than 0.01). In low inflammatory activity
      there was a rise in the level of the complement components. With higher LDH
      activity (greater than 500 U/l), however, there was a drop in the curve and the
      positive correlation changed to negative.

PMID- 675212
TI  - [Drug induced agranulocytosis. Improved prognosis due to better supportive care].
AB  - A retrospective study of 61 episodes of agranulocytosis observed in 56 patients
      between 1958 and 1977 is reported. The diagnosis was based on peripheral
      granulocyte counts below 500/mm3 and further documented by bone marrow analysis.
      The aim of this study was to determine whether the new guidelines for supportive
      care introduced in January 1973 led to an improvement in overall prognosis in
      this disease. Therefore, the patients were divided into two groups: the first
      group included 39 episodes of agranulocytosis observed between 1958-1972 and the
      second group 22 episodes observed between 1973-1977. Standard supportive care
      administered in the latter group included reverse isolation (hand-disinfection
      and gown-change before patient contact, conventional hospital single room), the
      immediate initiation of an appropriate combination of antibiotics in infectious
      states and additional granulocyte transfusions in selected cases. The two groups
      compared were similar as to the extent of neutropenia and the frequency of severe
      infectious complications. On the other hand, patients of the first group showed
      more advanced recovery of myelopoiesis as compared to the second group at the
      time of hospital admission. Death due to infection was observed in 36% of
      episodes in the first group, but only in 9% in the second group. The supportive
      care introduced in 1973 thus appears to improve the prognosis of agranulocytosis
      to a substantial extent.

PMID- 675213
TI  - [The bronchospasmolytics salbutamol, fenoterol, terbutaline and reproterol. Their
      effects and side effects in asthmatics after inhalation with an electric
      nebulizer].
AB  - A double-blind crossover trial was conducted in 10 asthmatic patients for
      comparison of fenoterol with salbutamol, in 12 other asthmatic patients for
      comparison of reproterol with salbutamol, and in 15 other asthmatic patients for
      comparison of terbutaline with salbutamol. The following doses were given: 1.25
      mg fenoterol, 2.5 mg reproterol, 2.5 mg terbutaline and 1.25 mg salbutamol. 5
      drops of each of the inhalation solutions (in 2 ml of saline) were aerosolized by
      a powered machine and inhaled for 15 min. FEV1 was measured before, and 15 and 45
      min after inhalation. Immediately before FEV1 the following parameters for side
      effects were also determined: 1. heartbeats per min, systolic and diastolic blood
      pressure; 2. minute ventilation, arterial PCO2 and oxygen consumption; 3.
      arterial SO2, PO2 and the alveolar-arterial O2-gradient (AaDO2). To estimate the
      selectivity of each of the 3 betastimulators the ratio (formula: see text) was
      established for each parameter and compared to that obtained with salbutamol. In
      further steps the ratio of all parameters for side effects was shown, then only
      that of the 3 most important side effects tachycardia, hypocapnia (PaCO2) and
      hypoxemia (PaO2). The following order of selectivity was found: 1. salbutamol, 2.
      fenoterol, 3. terbutaline, 4. reproterol.

PMID- 675214
TI  - [Familial mesomelial dwarfism (Nievergelt syndrome)].
AB  - Familial mesomelic dwarfism was first described in 1944 by K. NIEVERGELT, who
      reported on a father and 3 sons by 3 different mothers who had shortening of the
      middle segment limbs. in the present study the family described by NIEVERGELT in
      1944 is reevaluated and the mode of inheritance investigated over a period of 3
      generations. Six patients with mesomelic dwarfism were found out of 43 family
      members. Two patients, a son of the first patient with mesomelic dwarfism and his
      son, were seen at our institution. Both presented a rare deformity-combination of
      the upper and lower extremities. In the upper extremities radio-ulnar synostosis,
      asymmetrically shaped elbow joints, subluxations of the radial head and a
      deficient supination capacity of the forearm were diagnosed. The deformities were
      nearly symmetrical, but a slight predilection for the left forearm was noted. In
      the lower extremities atypical club-feet with supination of the forefeet,
      shortening of tibia and fibula and marked synostosis of tarsal and metatarsal
      bones were seen. The legs were rhombic and supination and pronation of the
      forefeet were severely reduced. Synostosis of the tibia and fibula and
      deformities of the toes were found in both patients. The mode of inheritance was
      considered to be autosomal dominant with high penetrance. It is concluded that
      familial mesomelic dwarfism is an autosomal dominant disease of the upper and
      lower limbs with atypical club-feet, marked radio-ulnar, tibia-fibular and tarsal
      synostosis and deformities of the elbow joints.

PMID- 675215
TI  - [Concerning: "The value of acetylsalicylic acid in the prevention of
      postoperative thromboembolic complications" by M. Pfenninger and U. F. Gruber,
      Schweiz. med. Wschr. 107, 1335-1338 (1977)].

PMID- 675216
TI  - [Treatment-induced complications and frequent errors in cytostatic therapy].

PMID- 675217
TI  - [Prognosis and therapy of multiple myeloma].
AB  - Criteria for the diagnosis of multiple myeloma and differential diagnostic
      considerations are presented. The indications for treatment are discussed.
      Combination of melphalan or cyclophosphamide with prednisone may be considered
      standard therapy today. This produces objective tumor regression in 50-70% of
      patients. The parameters for determining remission and their significance with
      regard to survival and tumor cell mass are discussed. The importance of
      supportive measures is stressed. Persistent problems and potential for improving
      present therapy are discussed.

PMID- 675218
TI  - [Diagnosis of latent late infections following total hip replacement].
AB  - The etiology, diagnosis and elucidation of non-manifest late infection following
      total hip joint replacement surgery are discussed on the basis of 22 patients who
      underwent further surgery in our clinic due to an infected prosthesis from 1974
      to 1976. Non-manifest late infection is usually the result of contamination of
      the hip before, during or after surgery; only in a few isolated cases can the
      infection be considered to have originated from the bloodstream. There is a
      higher risk of infection in patients who have undergone previous hip surgery. The
      principal symptom of late infection is pain; as a rule there are no other
      clinical signs of inflammation. The generally increased blood sedimentation rate
      is the only laboratory test of diagnostic value. An important aid is x-ray of the
      hip, in which the infection is manifested by osteitis and loosening of the
      prosthesis. Arthrocentesis should be carried out in case of doubt and when
      systemic antibiotic treatment is envisaged. Special diagnostic procedures such as
      arthrography and scintigraphy cannot be recommended for routine examination.

PMID- 675219
TI  - [Frequency of drug prescriptions and their adverse effects in a medical
      department].
AB  - The enquiries carried out in our unit since 1971, in some 1600 patients who
      received in all more than 13000 drug prescriptions and who were observed during 3
      periods whose total duration was 12 months, prompt the following conclusions. The
      number of adverse reactions in which the relationship of cause and effect with
      one or several drugs was either definite or probable amounted to 217, 2--3% among
      patients at admission and 5--11% of patients during their hospital stay. The
      average number of prescriptions per patient remained stable and the average
      number of drug reactions per 100 prescriptions varied from 0.6 to 1.6. Severe
      drug reactions occurred in 1.1% of patients at admission and 1.1% of patients
      during their hospital stay.

PMID- 675220
TI  - [Are salicoyl-like analgesics vitamin K antagonists? An interpretation of
      spontaneous subnormal Quick values].
AB  - Prolonged spontaneous prothrombin time values (subnormal Quick values of between
      50--70%), such as are encountered frequently in the clinical laboratory, are
      discussed. The reason for these abnormal values may be traced in part to the
      ingestion of salicoyl-like analgesics. Acetylsalicylic acid must be considered a
      low-acting oral anticoagulant which behaves like a vitamin K antagonist. In
      connection with the frequent use of this substance its interference with the
      plasmatic blood coagulation system should be considered.

PMID- 675221
TI  - [Abdominal computer tomography].
AB  - In computer tomography of the abdomen the amount of diagnostic information
      obtained depends on the organ system examined and correlates with the
      topographical anatomy. The information gained by this non-invasive method results
      from the demonstration of contour alteration and from inherent density
      differences. Although at this point in time, while the process of evaluation is
      still in progress, it is too early to formulate definitive guidelines on the
      indications for computer tomography of the abdomen, we suggest, on the basis of
      experience hitherto, that computer tomography of the adrenals and the pancreas is
      better than the previously known image-producing diagnostic methods. The overall
      diagnostic value of computer tomography of the liver and spleen, depending on the
      pathology in question, is apparently at least equal to sonography, nuclear
      medicine and angiography. Computer tomography of the gastrointestinal tract and
      the kidneys, when compared to other diagnostic radiographic and sonographic
      investigations, at present adds little information, and for this reason has
      limited application in these systems. In contrast to this is the highly
      instructive computer tomographic examination of the extrarenal retroperitoneal
      space.

PMID- 675222
TI  - [Myasthenia gravis in the dog].

PMID- 675223
TI  - [Studies on the diagnosis and therapy of traumatic reticulitis in cattle].

PMID- 675224
TI  - [Determination of glutathione peroxidase in a flock of sheep with myopathy due to
      selenium deficiency].

PMID- 675225
TI  - [Occurrence, incidence and geographic distribution of Protostrongylidae among
      sheep in Switzerland].

PMID- 675226
TI  - [ROMPUN in the goat. Effect on blood circulation, acid-base equilibrium and
      oxygen partial pressure under various doses].

PMID- 675227
TI  - The adjacency principle in visual percerption.

PMID- 675228
TI  - Junctions between living cells.

PMID- 675229
TI  - Ultrasound in medical diagnosis.

PMID- 675230
TI  - Influenza.

PMID- 675231
TI  - Geriatic medicine -- clinical  content.

PMID- 675232
TI  - Scottish health authorities revenue equalisation. A community medicine view of
      SHARE report.
AB  - A working party was set up by the Scottish Home and Health Department to consider
      the system of allocation of money to health boards. The system advocated (SHARE
      Report) is predictable from the NHS structure and the analogous report (RAWP) in
      England. The Secretary of State has announced his decision to accept SHARE in
      general principle. In principle, the Report is to be welcomed as a first step
      toward rationalising the distribution of health service money. However, work
      already published suggests the assumptions in SHARE require examination. SHARE
      would encourage individual health boards to plan for their own populations
      although thereby the greatest improvement in health services in Scotland may not
      be achieved. The SHARE object of equal opportunity of securing access is open to
      various interpretations. Emphasis is laid on the recommendation in Report for a
      comprehensive examination of the inter-relationship of social circumstances (in
      particular, urban deprivation), morbidity and mortality.

PMID- 675233
TI  - Tourist hepatitis in the West of Scotland.
AB  - During the 6-year period (1971-76) 971 patients were admitted with acute viral
      hepatitis to different infectious units in the West of Scotland. Of these, 30
      (3%) patients had tourist hepatitis. The majority (80%) acquired the infection in
      the subcontinents of Africa and India or other tropical countries. The clinical
      spectrum of the illness in these patients ranged from mild to fulminant
      hepatitis. Fifteen patients were specifically asked about their immunisation
      history prior to their travel and none had immunoglobulin prophylaxis against
      hepatitis. Normal human immunoglobulin prevents clinical hepatitis A and should
      be given to all prospective travellers to Third World countries. In order to
      formulate a rational policy for prophylaxis, more data about the risk of
      contracting hepatitis in different countries is needed.

PMID- 675234
TI  - Hyocomplementaemia and disease.

PMID- 675235
TI  - Management of schizophrenia.

PMID- 675236
TI  - The investigation of cholestasis.

PMID- 675237
TI  - Imaging techniques in the investigation of biliary tract disorders.

PMID- 675238
TI  - Antibiotics for biliary infections.

PMID- 675239
TI  - Endotoxin, the kidney and jaundice.

PMID- 675240
TI  - Septicaemia and biliary tract obstruciton.

PMID- 675241
TI  - Surgery inacute cholecystitis.

PMID- 675242
TI  - Surgery in biliary tract obstruction.

PMID- 675243
TI  - Need for reform in health professions accrediting.
AB  - At least 50 vocational or professional groups, exclusive of specialties within
      categories, now provide a health service. Many have established accrediting
      procedures for maintaining educational standards, and the number is increasing.
      So great is the demand from the accrediting bodies that universities and academic
      health centers find that the cost in terms of money, time, and duplication of
      effort has become exhorbitant, and thereby a major problem in the management of
      educational institutions. The duplication of effort leads to fragmentation of the
      entire accrediting process, and this, in turn, fosters inadequate sharing of
      health professions educational experiences. A model is presented that would
      lessen the burden of accrediting on educational institutions and simultaneously
      permit testing of the feasibility of a multiprofessional accrediting mechanism.

PMID- 675244
TI  - Photoejection of electrons from flavins in polar media.
AB  - Riboflavin and 12 of its derivatives have been shown to form solvated electrons
      under ultraviolet irradiation (253.7 nanometers) in various water-methanol
      solvent mixtures. The highest quantum yield of solvated electrons (about 0.03)
      was obtained for flavins containing tyrosine on a side chain in the isoalloxazine
      N-3 or N-10 position. The splitting of hydrogen atoms from excited flavin
      molecules was also observed. From the results presented here, it can be
      determined that the semiquinone transients are formed not only by way of the
      flavin triplet, as usually suggested, but also by the attack of the electrons and
      hydrogen atoms on flavin molecules in the ground state. This is important,
      because the flavin radicals remaining after the electron-ejection or hydrogen
      splitting processes must also be considered in the subsequent reaction
      mechanisms. The electron-ejection process from electronically excited flavins has
      important implications in the photobiology of these compounds.

PMID- 675245
TI  - Left ventricular receptors inhibit brain serotonin neurons during coronary artery
      occlusion.
AB  - Acute coronary artery ligation in pargyline-treated rats decreased serotonin and
      increased 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in the medulla and posterior hypothalamus.
      Lidocaine applied topically to the left ventricle completely prevented these
      alterations. No changes in serotonin were observed in the other brain regions
      examined. These data suggest a reflex inhibition of bulbar and hypothalamic
      serotonergic nerves by left ventricular receptors following acute coronary artery
      occlusion in the rat.

PMID- 675246
TI  - Cryoprecipitate reversal of opsonic alpha2-surface binding glycoprotein
      deficiency in septic surgical and trauma patients.
AB  - Human opsonic alpha2-surface binding glyoprotein (alphs2SB-glycoprotein), a
      molecule having immunologic identity with an amino acid composition similar to
      cold-insoluble globulin, is concentrated in a cryoprecipitate of plasma. Septic
      surgical and trauma patients manifesting opsonic alpha2SB-glycoprotein deficiency
      and associated reticuloendothelial system dysfunction were treated by intravenous
      infusion of cryoprecipitate. This therapy restored circulating bioreactive and
      immunoreactive opsonin and improved their septicemia, pulmonary insufficiency,
      and duration of recovery. Cryoprecipitate infusion may offer a new approach to
      the treatment of septic injured patients in preventing multiple organ failure;
      measurement of immuno-reactive serum opsonic alpha2SB-glycoprotein may provide a
      noninvasive index of reticuloendothelial system function and patient status
      during servere sepsis that follows trauma.

PMID- 675247
TI  - Skin color and nutrient photolysis: an evolutionary hypothesis.
AB  - Human populations native to areas of intense sunlight tend to be heavily
      melanized. Previous explanations for this relationship have invoked only weak
      selective pressures. To test the hypothesis that dark pigmentation may protect
      against photolysis of crucial light-sensitive vitamins and metabolites by
      ultraviolet light, folate was used as a model. It was found that exposure of
      human plasma in vitro to simulated strong sunlight causes 30 to 50 percent loss
      of folate within 60 minutes. Furthermore, light-skinned patients exposed to
      ultraviolet light for dermatologic disorders have abnormally low serum folate
      concentrations, suggesting that photolysis may also occur in vivo. Deficiency of
      folate, which occurs in many marginally nourished populations, causes severe
      anemia, fetal wastage, frank infertility, and maternal mortality. Prevention of
      ultraviolet photolysis of folate and other light sensitive nutrients by dark skin
      may be sufficient explanation for the maintenance of this characteristic in human
      groups indigenous to regions of intense solar radiation.

PMID- 675248
TI  - Terminal arbors of axons that have formed abnormal connections.
AB  - Ther terminal arbors of individual retinogeniculate axons that have been induced
      to grow into an inappropriate geniculate layer have been revealed for light and
      electron microscopic study by being filled with horseradish peroxidase. After a
      unilateral ocular enucleation in kittens, single axons from the surviving eye
      show terminal arbors not only within their own geniculate layers but also in the
      denervated layers. The new, abnormal arbors arise from the terminal segments of
      arbors that lie within the nondenervated layer and make patterns of synaptic
      contacts that appear normal.

PMID- 675249
TI  - Lead exposure during infancy permanently increases lithium-induced polydipsia.
AB  - Lead (200 milligrams per kilogram) was administered daily by intubation to Long
      Evans rats on days 3 through 30 of life. Thirty to 180 days after cessation of
      lead administration, the lead-treated rats were consistently more polydipsic
      after lithium administration (2 millimoles per kilogram per day) than were pair
      treated controls. Lithium increased the plasma renin activity equally in both the
      lead treated and the control groups. These data are evidence that there may be
      permanent neural changes induced by postnatal exposure to lead that are
      manifested by pharmacological challenge with lithium.

PMID- 675250
TI  - Human auditory frequency-following responses to a missing fundamental.
AB  - Both a complex tone perceived as a 365-hertz "missing fundamental" and a 365
      hertz pure tone evoked 365-hertz far-field frequency-following responses. Narrow
      band masking noise centered at 365 hertz attenuated the responses to the pure
      tone but not to the complex tone. Results support the concept that perception of
      the missing fundamental is based on periodic neural activity.

PMID- 675251
TI  - Symbolic communication between two chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes).
AB  - Through use of learned symbols, two chimpanzees accurately specified 11 foods by
      name to one another when the food item's identity was known by only one. They
      could not do this when denied use of the symbols. The chimpanzees then
      spontaneously requested specific foods of one another by name. Requests resulted
      in cooperative and reciprocal symbolically mediated food exchange.

PMID- 675252
TI  - Genetic basis of XX male syndrome and XX true hermaphroditism: evidence in the
      dog.
AB  - Serological analysis of white blood cells from the members of a family of
      American cocker spaniels indicates that a form of abnormal sexual development, in
      which individuals with a female karyotype have testes or ovotestes, is caused by
      anomalous transmission of male-determining H-Y genes.

PMID- 675253
TI  - Stimulated DNA synthesis in frog nuclei by cytoplasmic extracts of temperature
      sensitive mammalian cells.
AB  - Cytoplasmic extracts of proliferating cells stimulate DNA synthesis in isolated
      nuclei of Xenopus laevis liver. When tested by the same assay, cytoplasmic
      extracts of resting cells are completely inactive. When cytoplasmic extracts are
      prepared from cell cycle-specific temperature-sensitive mutants arrestd in the G1
      phase of the cell cycle by the nonpermissive temperature, they also fail to
      stimulate DNA synthesis in frog nuclei. The results indicate that, to stimulate
      DNA synthesis in isolated frog nuclei, essentially all information of G1 cells
      must be present.

PMID- 675254
TI  - Medical marijuana substitute under development.

PMID- 675255
TI  - Analysis of melatonin in human plasma by gas chromatography negative chemical
      ionization mass spectrometry.
AB  - Three techniques have been used to measure human plasma melatonin: bioassay,
      radioimmunoassay, and gas chromatography--mass spectrometry (GC-MS). GC-MS is
      theoretically capable of the greatest specificity, but in general suffers from
      insufficient sensitivity. Negative chemical ionization, a new technique, provides
      a 150-fold increase in GC-MS sensitivity for electron-capturing compounds.
      Negative chemical ionization GC-MS permits routine measurement in human plasma of
      melatonin at a concentration as low as 1 picogram per milliliter.

PMID- 675256
TI  - Sex pheromone of the tsetse fly: isolation, identification, and synthesis of
      contact aphrodisiacs.
AB  - Sex pheromones isolated from the cuticle of the female tsetse fly, Glossina
      morsitans morsitans Westwood, release mating behavior in the male fly at
      ultrashort range or upon contact with baited decoys. Three active components were
      identified as 15,19-dimethylheptatriacontane, 17,21-dimethylheptatriacontane, and
      15,19,23-trimethylheptatriacontane. Chemical and biological comparisons show that
      the natural and synthetic compounds are identical.

PMID- 675257
TI  - The premises involved in the clinical use of heparin.

PMID- 675258
TI  - Addendum: the discovery of heparin.

PMID- 675259
TI  - Management of spinal cord compression.

PMID- 675260
TI  - Oncologic emergencies.

PMID- 675261
TI  - Experimental therapeutics and kinetics: selection and overgrowth of specifically
      and permanently drug-resistant tumor cells.

PMID- 675262
TI  - Genetics of primary open-angle glaucoma.

PMID- 675263
TI  - The Framingham Eye Study.

PMID- 675264
TI  - The ideal workup in the ophthalmologists's office.

PMID- 675265
TI  - The study of psychological factors in breast cancer: problems of method.

PMID- 675266
TI  - A possible relationship between cancer, mental retardation and mental disorders.

PMID- 675267
TI  - Lexical correlates of cervical cancer.

PMID- 675268
TI  - "Instrumental coping" and "affective defense": an additional perspective in
      health promoting behavior.

PMID- 675269
TI  - The use of prescription drugs in treatment of first-time psychiatric admissions
      to University Hospital, Saskatoon.

PMID- 675270
TI  - The behaviour of staff: an ignored variable in programme evaluation.

PMID- 675271
TI  - Interactive research in a health care setting.

PMID- 675272
TI  - Acceptance by children of a daily home mouthrinse program.

PMID- 675273
TI  - The determinations of health services utilization in a rural community in Kenya.

PMID- 675274
TI  - The relevance of social and clinical criteria in making decisions for scoliosis
      treatment.

PMID- 675275
TI  - A methodology in surveying geriatric patients, facilities and services.

PMID- 675276
TI  - Pharmacist drug consultation behavior.

PMID- 675277
TI  - The ecological pattern of suicide and parasuicide in Edinburgh.

PMID- 675278
TI  - The classification and recording of "social problems".

PMID- 675279
TI  - Community mental health teams: an observational study.

PMID- 675280
TI  - Family age in the epidemiology of family health.

PMID- 675281
TI  - Medical orientation among a Mexican-American population: an old and a new model
      reviewed.

PMID- 675282
TI  - Theoretical and methodological issues in sociological studies of consumer
      satisfaction with medical care.

PMID- 675283
TI  - The autonomy loss index: measuring autonomy lost by hospital administrators
      through participation in joint programs with other organizations.

PMID- 675284
TI  - Family, kin, and friend networks in psychiatric help-seeking.

PMID- 675285
TI  - Sex differences in medical practice in Argentina.

PMID- 675286
TI  - General practice consultation study: some preliminary observations.

PMID- 675287
TI  - Patients Protection Law Committee.

PMID- 675288
TI  - [General morbidity of the urban population (based on data from a comprehensive
      study of the health status of the population conducted in 1969-1971)].

PMID- 675289
TI  - [Experience in using the ES-1020 computer for conducting a factor analysis of
      cardiovascular diseases].

PMID- 675290
TI  - [Evaluation of the reliability of standardized indices].

PMID- 675291
TI  - [Principles of medical deontology in the "fundamentals of the Legislation of the
      USSR and Union Republics on Public Health"].

PMID- 675292
TI  - [Experience in assessing the effect of a cerebral insult on median life
      expectancy and the economic consequences of this disease].

PMID- 675293
TI  - [Dispensary care of neurological patients].

PMID- 675294
TI  - [Effect of social and daily living factors on the physical development of
      schoolchildren].

PMID- 675295
TI  - [Reserves for increasing the quality of dispensary care of the pediatric
      population and the ways for their realization].

PMID- 675296
TI  - [Work time budget of a physician at a student polyclinic].

PMID- 675297
TI  - [Structuring of generalized indicators of the level of public health development
      by means of extremal grouping of the parameters].

PMID- 675298
TI  - [Education of a humanist is the most important task of medical education (from
      the work experience of the Irkutsk Medical Institute)].

PMID- 675299
TI  - [Automation of the management of an epidemiological health service].

PMID- 675301
TI  - [Aspects of the public health management of a rural district].

PMID- 675300
TI  - [Use of computers in studying the work organization of epidemiologic health
      station specialists].

PMID- 675302
TI  - [Training of oncological personnel in the USSR].

PMID- 675303
TI  - [Role of student clinical conferences in the academic research work of interns].

PMID- 675304
TI  - [Postdegree training in the field of public health in Great Britain].

PMID- 675305
TI  - [Prevention of drug abuse; contribution of penal law].

PMID- 675306
TI  - [Active immunization of patients with chronic bronchitis with staphylococcal
      vaccine].

PMID- 675307
TI  - [Various clinico-epidemiological characteristics of present-day course of
      typhoid].

PMID- 675308
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of Salmonella food poisoning and acute pyelonephritis].

PMID- 675309
TI  - [Disorders of intracellular metabolism of the neutrophils in chronic enteritis].

PMID- 675310
TI  - [Clinical aspects and diagnosis of strongyloidiasis].

PMID- 675311
TI  - [Clinical characteristics of influenza caused by different variants of influenza
      virus type A (A2 and A1)].

PMID- 675312
TI  - [Measles-induced meningoencephalitis and meningitis in adults].

PMID- 675313
TI  - [Indicators of cellular and humoral immunity in brucellosis].

PMID- 675314
TI  - [Absorption of hemoglobin iron in kidney diseases].

PMID- 675315
TI  - [Determination of individual arterial pressure depending on the age and autonomic
      constitutional type of man].

PMID- 675316
TI  - [Value of the enzymological studies in prognosis of the outcome of viral
      hepatitis].

PMID- 675317
TI  - [Activity of adenosine deaminase in severe course of viral hepatitis].

PMID- 675318
TI  - [Seroallergic diagnosis of homologous serum hepatitis].

PMID- 675319
TI  - [Influenza: Present and future problems].

PMID- 675320
TI  - [Epidemiological and clinical significance of long-term carrier state of the
      Australia antigen (HB-Ag)].

PMID- 675321
TI  - [Hepatitis B surface antigen in chronic active hepatitis and primary biliary
      cirrhosis].

PMID- 675322
TI  - [Characteristics of cellular immunity in chronic active hepatitis].

PMID- 675323
TI  - [Clinico-diagnostic aspects of intestinal parasitic invasions].

PMID- 675324
TI  - [Concurrent course of meningococcal infection and herpes simplex].

PMID- 675325
TI  - [Blood serum immunoglobulins in partial erythrocytic aplasia of the bone marrow].

PMID- 675326
TI  - [Current aspects of differentiated diet therapy of chronic liver diseases].

PMID- 675327
TI  - [Additional possibilities of detection of the sources of viral hepatitis in blood
      recipients].

PMID- 675328
TI  - [Plasmapheresis as a method of obtaining donors' antistaphylococcal plasma].

PMID- 675329
TI  - [Method for the staged detection of thyroid gland diseases in mass examinations
      of the population].

PMID- 675330
TI  - [Teaching of endocrinology at medical institutes].

PMID- 675331
TI  - [Work rehabilitation of patients radically operated on for thyroid cancer].

PMID- 675332
TI  - [Organization and quality of the medical care for diabetes mellitus patients].

PMID- 675333
TI  - [Hypothyroid myopathy].

PMID- 675334
TI  - [Changes in the skin temperature of the lower extremities in diabetes mellitus
      during a heat test].

PMID- 675335
TI  - [Substernal goiter].

PMID- 675336
TI  - [Clinical aspects and treatment of lactation mastitis].

PMID- 675337
TI  - [State of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-thyroid system in endocrine disease].

PMID- 675338
TI  - [Basic principles of the prevention and treatment of diabetes-specific
      complications].

PMID- 675339
TI  - [Acute recurrent intestinal invagination in children].

PMID- 675340
TI  - [Repeated case of tick-borne encephalitis with a fatal outcome].

PMID- 675341
TI  - [Problems of syndromology and the effective therapy of botulism].

PMID- 675342
TI  - [Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the diseases caused by Arizona
      bacteria].

PMID- 675343
TI  - [Remission of latent and manifest stages of diabetes mellitus in overweight
      patients].

PMID- 675344
TI  - [Exogenous, constitutional obesity].

PMID- 675345
TI  - [Relationship of diabetes mellitus and angiopathies with an hereditary factor].

PMID- 675346
TI  - [State of the microcirculation in diabetes mellitus (based on conjunctival
      biomicroscopic data)].

PMID- 675347
TI  - [Enzymatic activity and its interrelationship with sulfhydryl groups in diabetes
      mellitus].

PMID- 675348
TI  - [State of the sympathetic-adrenal system in labile and resistant forms of
      diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 675349
TI  - [Polyrheographic studies in uterine myoma].

PMID- 675350
TI  - [Dyshormonal breast diseases in menstrual cycle disorders].

PMID- 675351
TI  - [Physician's procedure in mitral valve stenosis in pregnant women].

PMID- 675352
TI  - [Color contact thermography in the diagnosis of inflammatory processes in the
      adnexa uteri].

PMID- 675354
TI  - [Modern endocrinology and its paths of development].

PMID- 675353
TI  - [Hormonal changes in artificial abortion in the 7th-8th weeks of pregnancy].

PMID- 675355
TI  - [Gonadotropic and ovarian hormone content in the blood of women using
      intrauterine devices containing copper].

PMID- 675356
TI  - [Intestinal obstruction caused by gallstone obturation].

PMID- 675357
TI  - [Epidemiology and development of injuries in transportation accidents during 10
      years].

PMID- 675358
TI  - [Use of computer technics in resuscitation and intensive care at the Research
      Institute for Traumatology].

PMID- 675359
TI  - [Impaired intestinal passage after mesentery injury].

PMID- 675360
TI  - [Alkalosis after severe injuries].

PMID- 675361
TI  - [Treatment of forearm fractures by functionally stable osteosynthesis].

PMID- 675362
TI  - [Laws and specifics of treatment of fractures of the knee joint].

PMID- 675363
TI  - [Treatment of tibiofibular diastasis by trans-tibial wire cerclage].

PMID- 675364
TI  - [Uncommon hepatobiliary injury].

PMID- 675365
TI  - [Prevention of wound infection by the administration of antibiotics].

PMID- 675366
TI  - Plasmids and practice.

PMID- 675367
TI  - [Bacteria that stick].

PMID- 675368
TI  - Dazzle from car headlights.

PMID- 675369
TI  - Depo-provera as a contraceptive measure.

PMID- 675371
TI  - The state and the training of doctors.

PMID- 675370
TI  - Medical aid schemes and the doctor-patient relationship.

PMID- 675372
TI  - [Afrikaans medical terms].

PMID- 675373
TI  - The efficacy of chemotherapy in the treatment of breast cancer.

PMID- 675374
TI  - Gentamicin-resistant gram-negative bacilli in hospital patients. Part II. In
      vitro aspects including susceptibility to tobramycin and amikacin.
AB  - A study of 259 clinical isolates of gentamicin-resistant Gram-negative bacili
      (GRNB) has revealed 99,2% crossresistance with tobramycin and 6,9% with amikacin.
      Resistance to all 3 drugs is transferable in vitro. Simultaneous transfer of
      resistance to ampicillin, carbenicillin, cephalothin, tetracycline,
      chloramphenicol, sulphonamides, co-trimoxazole, streptomycin and kanamycin was
      shown to occur, emphasizing the potential for the selection of aminoglycoside
      resistant organisms by the use of many other drugs. All GRNB studied were
      multiresistant. While amikacin should prove useful for those infections caused by
      GRNB which require treatment, care should be exercised in its use, to minimize
      the emergence of large-scale amikacin resistance.

PMID- 675375
TI  - The immune response in iron-deficient children. Isohaemagglutinin titres and
      antibody response to immunization.
AB  - The primary antibody response of iron-deficient children to diphtheria and
      typhoid immunization was measured. In 5 children immunized with diphtheria
      toxoid, there was no increase in antitoxin titre. Of 8 children who were given
      typhoid vaccine, 6 showed an increase in Salmonella typhi O agglutinin titre. All
      the iron-deficient children had normal isohaemagglutinin titres.

PMID- 675376
TI  - The role of community paediatrics in South Africa.
AB  - Community paediatrics in South Africa is concerned with helping to identify the
      factors that retard realization of the full developmental potential of the
      nation's children. It is also concerned with the removal of such blocking
      factors. Paediatricians familiar with the orientation and methods of community
      medicine are suited to this task, which involves: (i) co-operation with all
      health, education and welfare organizations concerned with child care; (ii)
      taking part in the education of all child care professionals; (iii) taking part
      in the planning and organization of child care services; and (iv) being concerned
      with clinical care, particularly at primary care and rehabilitative levels.

PMID- 675377
TI  - Double fractures of the spine--an indication for routine radiographic examination
      of the entire spine after injury.
AB  - Routine radiographic examination of the entire spine in 103 patients with
      traumatic spinal cord injuries has demonstrated double fractures of the spine in
      5 patients. The incidence, clinical significance and mechanism of injury are
      discussed. The danger of overlooking the presence of a second spinal fracture in
      the paralysed patient and thus putting the patient at risk of increased spinal
      cored injury is stressed. A simple system of radiographic examination is
      described and routine radiographic examination of the entire spine in all
      patients who have sustained spinal cord injury is advocated.

PMID- 675379
TI  - [To shave or not to shave].

PMID- 675378
TI  - Exercise-induced asthma.

PMID- 675380
TI  - Pigmented vaccination scars.

PMID- 675381
TI  - The present status of measles in the Cape Town area.

PMID- 675382
TI  - The effect of lumbar epidural analgesia on the fetal heart.

PMID- 675383
TI  - The medical profession and the witchdoctor.

PMID- 675384
TI  - Breast versus bottle feeding.

PMID- 675385
TI  - Vitamin B6 and aspartate aminotransferase activity in chronic liver disease.
AB  - Serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) concentrations are commonly determined to
      detect hepatocellular damage. However, discrepancies between serum AST values and
      histological signs of active liver damage sometimes occur in patients with
      cirrhosis. The enzyme AST requires pyridoxal-5-phosphate (PLP) (active vitamin
      B6) as a co-enzyme to express its activity. Since approximately 90% of patients
      with severe cirrhosis are vitamin B6-deficient, it has been suggested that
      vitamin B6 supplements given to these patients might cause an elevation of
      falsely low serum AST concentrations. Treatment of 8 vitamin B6-deficient
      cirrhotic patients with pyridoxine hydrochloride (50 mg intravenously twice daily
      for 1 week) increased their serum AST concentrations from 121 +/- 18 (mean +/-
      SEM) to 136 +/- 26 lU/l, while treatment of a second group of 9 patients with the
      active co-enzyme PLP increased AST concentrations from 118 +/- 17 to 146 +/- 20
      lU/l. Neither of these increases was statistically significant. Plasma PLP
      increased from 2,4 +/- 0,7 to 18,5 +/- 7,6 ng/ml after pyridoxine, and from 3,3
      +/- 0,7 to 27,0 +/- 6,2 ng/ml after PLP supplementation. It is concluded that B6
      deficiency is unlikely to be an important determinant of serum AST concentrations
      in patients with chronic liver disease.

PMID- 675386
TI  - Changes in serum electrolyte levels during marathon running.
AB  - Serum electrolytes were measured in 18 well-trained, experienced long-distance
      runners before and after a standard marathon run (42 km), during which they
      ingested no electrolytes. Their sweat losses and water deficits after completion
      of the marathon were also measured. In 12 of the subjects, the percentage change
      in plasma volume and in total circulating plasma electrolytes was determined.
      There was a highly significant fall in serum magnesium concentration, with an
      increase in both potassium and sodium levels. Changes in total circulating plasma
      sodium and chloride were closely correlated with alterations in plasma volume. On
      the basis of these observations, it is recommended that athletes drink an
      augmented volume of fluid during marathon running, irrespective of the prevailing
      weather conditions. Supplementation of potassium and magnesium is contraindicated
      during long-distance running. Salt intake is unnecessary during races over the
      standard marathon distance. Subjective evidence for glucose supplementation is
      presented.

PMID- 675387
TI  - Polyposis coli. The clinical spectrum in adults.
AB  - Four patients are reported, to illustrate the wide spectrum of colonic polyps
      which may occur in multiple form in adults. Included are unusual cases of
      metaplastic and juvenile polyposis. The subject is reviewed, and the need for
      accurate histological diagnosis is stressed. The possibility that the difference
      between familial adenomatous polyposis and Gardner's syndrome may lie merely in
      the degree of expressivity of the associated extracolonic features is discussed.
      Surveillance of these patients for peri-ampullary neoplasms in the duodenum is
      considered. The interrelationship between familial adenomatous polyposis,
      juvenile polyposis and colorectal cancer is discussed.

PMID- 675388
TI  - Value of the mandibular radiograph in familial polyposis coli.
AB  - Familial polyposis coli and Gardner's syndrome have identical colonic
      manifestations. Recent evidence has shown that both conditions are associated
      with occult osteomatous lesions in the mandible. We present 3 patients from 2
      families with familial polyposis coli who, in addition to the colonic lesions,
      also had occult osteomatous mandibular lesions. The value and practical
      application of radiography of the mandible as an additional diagnostic aid in
      familial polyposis coli are emphasized.

PMID- 675390
TI  - Acrodermatitis enteropathica and zinc.

PMID- 675389
TI  - Neonatal Listeria monocytogenes meningitis. A case report.
AB  - The clinical presentation, bacteriological results, treatment, and outcome of
      Listeria monocytogenes meningitis in a newborn infant are described. The neonatal
      listeriosis was of the late-onset variety, and the infant survived the infection,
      but hydrocephalus, which necessitated operative relief, developed. Although 2
      cases of Listeria meningitis have previously been described in South Africa, and
      opportunistic listeriosis is known to occur here, this is apparently the first
      documented case of neonatal listeriosis in this country.

PMID- 675391
TI  - Does minimal brain dysfunction persist into adulthood?

PMID- 675392
TI  - General practitioner obstetrics.

PMID- 675393
TI  - Prescribing of tricyclic antidepressants.

PMID- 675394
TI  - Training in anaesthesia.

PMID- 675396
TI  - Transparent x-ray cassette carrier for injured patients.

PMID- 675395
TI  - Bowel wall cell counts.

PMID- 675397
TI  - Chronic pica in an adult.

PMID- 675398
TI  - Response to "a shocked urologist".

PMID- 675399
TI  - Genetic and congenital disorders. Knowledge and attitudes of the public, nurses
      and medical practitioners in South Africa.
AB  - Knowledge and attitude studies with regard to genetic and congenital disorders
      were carried out on White women (2 500), nurses (826) and doctors (61). The
      studies indicated the need for public education and improved medical and
      paramedical training in human genetics. Education and training in human genetics.
      Education and training programmes should highlight the theoretical background,
      practical applications and available facilities.

PMID- 675400
TI  - Haematocrit values and blood viscosity in the newborn infant.
AB  - The haematocrit values in 51 babies were studied to observe the possible
      variations due to the method and time of sampling and to relate these findings to
      blood viscosity. A good correlation (r = 0,9536) between haematocrit values of
      warmed heel capillary blood and of central venous samples was found. Prediction
      of venous value from a known sample of capillary blood can be made using
      regression lines and 95% confidence limits. The correlation between venous and
      unwarmed blood samples from the heel is not as good. A central venous haematocrit
      value of 65% or greater gave a 100% risk of the infant's blood being
      hyperviscous. Hyperviscosity occurred in 71% of infants with a capillary
      haematocrit value of 65 - 68% but the figure rose to 81% when the peripheral
      haematocrit value was 68% or more.

PMID- 675401
TI  - Acrodermatitis enteropathica--a zinc deficiency state.
AB  - Successful therapy with zinc sulphate is reported in 3 children suffering from
      acroedematitis enteropathica.

PMID- 675402
TI  - Nutrition rehabilitation in Transkei. An evaluation.
AB  - Children and their guardians who had been admitted to the nutrition
      rehabilitation units at Holy Cross Mission and Rietvlei Hospitals, Transkei, were
      followed up at their homes between 6 and 14 months later in order to assess the
      condition of the children, the knowledge gained by the guardians, and the changes
      implemented by them at their homes. Factors influencing these parameters are
      analysed and recommendations are made arising from the results obtained.

PMID- 675403
TI  - [Are home visits still worth while?].

PMID- 675405
TI  - Cancer of the ovary.

PMID- 675404
TI  - World hypertension project, 1978.

PMID- 675406
TI  - Salary gap between white and non-white doctors.

PMID- 675407
TI  - Services offered by chiropodists.

PMID- 675408
TI  - Prehospital emergency care.

PMID- 675409
TI  - Blood viscosity in the normal newborn baby.
AB  - A viscometer was tested and the results were found to be accurate and
      reproducible for the ranges encountered in neonates. The viscosity was determined
      in 80 cord blood samples and the mean and 2 standard deviations (2SD) were
      calculated at each shear rate. Changes in viscosity increased from birth to 12
      hours, and then gradually decreased over the next 72 hours. The results are in
      keeping with the accepted normal values in the newborn.

PMID- 675410
TI  - The bacteriology of chronic destructive pneumonia.
AB  - Thirty-four patients with chronic destructive pneumonia (CDP) were investigated
      bacteriologically and mycologically; specimens were obtained by transtracheal
      aspiration, percutaneous lung puncture, and open lung biopsy. Anaerobes were
      isolated in the absence of aerobes in 1 case while specimens from 9 patients
      yielded aerobes only. In 16 patients both groups of organisms were cultured.
      Streptococcus viridans was isolated in 12 cases and fungi in 2 cases. Specimens
      from 8 patients were sterile on culture. All patients had been treated with
      various antibiotic combinations before specimens were taken. Aerobes,
      particularly Gram-positive cocci, and anaerobes probably play an important
      synergistic role in the pathogenesis of CDP.

PMID- 675411
TI  - Pulmonary function in normal children aged 11-15 years.
AB  - Prediction equations is forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in
      1 second (FEVi), maximum mid-expiratory flow rate (MMFR) and peak expiratory flow
      rate (PFR) have been derived from a study of 367 asymptomatic Caucasian and
      Coloured (mixed race) children, aged 11--15 years, who did not smoke. Significant
      ethnic differences were found in FEVi, FVC, FEVi/FVC, and MMFR/FVC, but not in
      MMRF or PFR. The practical and epidemiological value of these observations is
      discussed.

PMID- 675412
TI  - [Disseminated herpesvirus hominis infection. A case report].
AB  - A case of disseminated Herpesvirus hominis (type I) in a 23-year-old White man
      with widespread eczema is reported. The grave prognosis of this disease is
      stressed.

PMID- 675413
TI  - Gonadal dysgenesis in a phenotypic female with an XY chromosomal constitution.
AB  - A phenotypic female with an XY karyotype and pure gonadal dysgenesis is
      described. Bilateral streak gonads may be found in patients with features of
      Turner's syndrome and also in phenotypic females without the somatic
      abnormalities described in Turner's syndrome. Mixed gonadal dysgenesis refers to
      the presence of a unilateral streak gonad and contralateral testis in a
      phenotypic female. Dysgenetic gonads are more liable to undergo malignant change,
      especially in patients with an XY karyotype, and in those with mixed gonadal
      dysgenesis. Laparotomy and removal of the dysgenetic gonads is indicated in
      patients with an XY karyotype. If a 46,XX chromosomal pattern is present, the
      malignant potential is probably less, but laparotomy is still indicated to enable
      a prognosis to be given regarding fertility.

PMID- 675415
TI  - Computed tomography.

PMID- 675414
TI  - Atrial fibrillation in acute pancreatitis. A report of two cases.
AB  - Atrial fibrillation is one of the rarer cardiovascular signs complicating acute
      pancreatitis and may lead to diagnostic difficulties. Two patients who developed
      this arrhyrhmia during the acute phase of their pancreatic disease are described.
      Therapy was primarily directed at the pancreatitis and both patients reverted to
      sinus rhythm within 8 hours before recovering.

PMID- 675416
TI  - [A look at metronidazole].

PMID- 675417
TI  - The economics of computed tomography.

PMID- 675418
TI  - [The 1978 Federal Council elections].

PMID- 675419
TI  - How to prevent patients from smoking.

PMID- 675420
TI  - Oral electrolyte solutions--problems and preparation.

PMID- 675421
TI  - The magnitude of the asthma problem in Cape Town.
AB  - The magnitude of the asthma problem in Cape Town, as reflected by cases
      presenting to a large hospital, is described. The need for better facilities to
      treat acute asthma and to provide supervised interval therapy is discussed. A
      plea is made for the more widespread use of well-established simple beside aids
      in the assessment of the severity of asthma and the response to therapy.

PMID- 675422
TI  - Oestrogen receptors in tumours of breast cancer patients.
AB  - Oestrogen receptors were measured in the cytoplasmic fraction of tumours from
      patients with breast cancer. Receptors were detected in 48% of patients, and 52%
      showed no receptors. A follow-up study of a small group of patients on hormone
      therapy is reported.

PMID- 675423
TI  - In vitro enzyme activity of commercially available pancreatic enzyme extracts.
AB  - An in vitro study was performed to measure the enzyme activity in commerically
      available preparations of pancreatic enzyme extracts. Particular attention was
      paid to lipase content, because lipase deficiency is the most clinically relevant
      enzyme deficiency. Individual preparations varied greatly with regard to enzyme
      content, and Cotazym and Viokase proved the most effective preparations of those
      tested.

PMID- 675424
TI  - The effect of oral magnesium chloride therapy on the QTc and QUc intervals of the
      electrocardiogram.
AB  - The effect of magnesium, given orally as enteric-coated magnesium chloride
      tablets, on the ECG of 25 randomly selected patients was investigated. Each
      patient, who served as his own control, was given 4--6 tablets, each containing
      0,5 g MgCl26H2O, at night for periods varying from 6 weeks to 2 years. Findings
      included (i) a statistically significant decrease in OTc and QUc intervals; (ii)
      a progressive shortening of QTc and QUc intervals with continuing therapy; (iii)
      reversion to normal of ECG abnormalities, especially of ST segments and T waves.

PMID- 675425
TI  - Length of survival after cardiac resuscitation in an intensive care unit.
AB  - Seventy-four patients were admitted after cardiac resuscitation to a general
      intensive care unit; 19, of whom 14 were neurologically normal, were utimately
      discharged from hospital. It is suggested that elderly patients, those who have
      had prolonged resuscitation, and patients with a combination of hypothermia,
      coma, dilated pupils, and apnoea have a very poor prognosis. It is doubtful
      whether such patients benefit from admission to an intensive care unit.

PMID- 675426
TI  - Infection of the common bedbug (Cimex lectularius L) with hepatitis B virus in
      South Africa.
AB  - A total of 1 368 bedbugs of the species Cimex lectularius L were collected mainly
      from huts in villages or on farms at 6 localities in the northern Transvaal. They
      were tested in pools of 10 for the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen
      (HBsAg). None of 20 pools from Pietersburg was HBsAg-positive, but 32 out of 120
      pools from the 5 other localities were HBsAg-positive. Estimated infection rates
      per 1 000 bugs were 17,1 (Messina), 24,9 (Waterpoort), 28,4 (Letaba), 54,5
      (Potgietersrus) and 67,0 (Louis Trichardt), with an overall rate of 30,6.
      Seventeen out of 57 pools of the engorged bugs (infection rate 34,8) and 14 out
      of 62 pools of the unengorged bugs (infection rate 25,3) were HBsAg-positive.
      These very high infection rates, even in unengorged bugs, suggest that C.
      lectularius could be a vector of hepatitis B virus in the Transvaal, and that the
      varying degrees of infestation could explain the markedly different HBsAg
      positive frequencies previously shown in sera collected from different population
      groups in that province.

PMID- 675427
TI  - Unreduced obturator dislocation of the hip. A case report.
AB  - A patient with a late unreduced obturator dislocation of the hip is reported and
      the literature reviewed. The diagnosis was confirmed by vaginal examination. An
      open reduction was necessary and it is suggested that this is best achieved
      through an anterior approach.

PMID- 675428
TI  - [Electroconvulsive therapy].

PMID- 675429
TI  - Carcinoma of the thoraco-abdominal oesophagus.

PMID- 675430
TI  - Organization of international congresses.

PMID- 675431
TI  - [Cervical myelography with water-soluble contrast media].

PMID- 675432
TI  - The evils of alcohol.

PMID- 675433
TI  - Spina bifida occulta.

PMID- 675434
TI  - The significance of the tuberculosis infection risk and its application in
      Pretoria.
AB  - The value of the infection risk index for the determination of the TB situation
      and for the planning and evaluation of specific control measures is discussed.
      From tuberculin studies performed on schoolchildren in Pretoria since 1972, the
      annual risk of contracting a TB infection or of reinfection has been determined
      for all races in Pretoria; it is 0,05% for Whites, 0,53% for Coloureds, 0,68% for
      Asians, and 0,64% and 1,05% for Blacks in Atteridgeville and Mamelodi
      respectively. A downward trend of the risk could be shown for all population
      groups.

PMID- 675435
TI  - Prevalence of Toxoplasma antibodies in Southern Africa.
AB  - An indirect fluorescent antibody survey of the prevalence of Toxoplasma
      antibodies was carried out on sera from 4 regions of Southern Africa (Natal,
      Eastern Cape, Western Cape, and South West Africa and Botswana). The overall
      prevalence of seropositivity at a titre of 1/16 or higher was 20% (of 3379 sera
      tested), the highest prevalence occurring in Blacks (34%) and Indians (33%) of
      Natal, and the lowest in San (Bushmen) (9%) and Whites (12%) of South West Africa
      and Botswana. Differences in prevalence in these areas, and between different
      ethnic groups, are discussed and compared with previous studies in Southern
      Africa. Climatic factors affecting prevalence and transmission are compared in
      relation to cyst and oocyst survival. The marked differences in prevalence
      between the San (9%) and the Negroid Dama (27%), both inhabiting the arid
      Kalahari Desert, are discussed with reference to the lifestyles of these groups.

PMID- 675436
TI  - A community approach to trachoma control in the Northern Transvaal.
AB  - Trachoma represents the largest single cause of preventable blindness in the
      Black population of the Northern Transvaal. Epidemiological and cultural
      considerations indicate the necessity of community involvement in trachoma
      control at the household level. Involvement of the community by means of groups
      of voluntary health workers (care groups) has proved to be effective and
      acceptable to the local inhabitants. These groups, who form part of the
      comprehensive health system, integrate trachoma control into the primary health
      care activities of the area.

PMID- 675437
TI  - Spina bifida and anencephaly in the Cape.
AB  - In the first phase of a programme for the prevention of neural tube defects at a
      population level, information has been obtained concerning 285 infants born with
      open neural tube defects. As in other parts of the world, the months of
      conception of affected infants clustered in the second quarter of the year and
      the majority of the parents were members of lower income groups. In the years
      1975-1977, the incidence of anencephaly and spina bifida in White South African
      patients was similar to that generally encountered in Western Europe. However, in
      the non-White populations the separate and combined incidence were significantly
      lower. It is emphasized that these are preliminary figures and that they might be
      subject to ascertainment biases.

PMID- 675438
TI  - [Aspects of the treatment of postoperative oliguria].
AB  - The importance and differential diagnosis of postoperative oliguria are
      discussed. A plea is made for the recognition of undesired postoperative
      antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secretion as a separate entity in the aetiology of
      postoperative oliguria. Five patients are described who suffered from
      postoperative oliguria and in whom the diagnosis of undesired ADH secretion was
      made. The successful treatment of this condition with diphenylhydantoin is
      emphasized.

PMID- 675439
TI  - Sterilization--the vaginal route revisited.
AB  - With the use of strict selection criteria it was found that 86 of 161 women who
      required interval sterilization could be sterilized vaginally. The superiority of
      vaginal sterilization was demonstrated by the reduction in postoperative hospital
      stay (from an average of 5,5 days for abdominal sterilization to 1,8 days for
      vaginal sterilization). Febrile responses to sterilization were reduced from
      53,5% to 18,6%, and major complications fell from 17,3% to 1,2%.

PMID- 675440
TI  - Delayed flow of patients in a Black hospital.
AB  - Two hundred consecutive patients who were discharged from a ward in a Black
      hospital were studied with reference to delay of flow through a system. Problems
      are discussed, e.g. that of the young patient, admitted at night, who awaits
      radiography and investigations. Because he is unable to give consent, he must
      wait for an operation until appropriate staff and consent are available. He
      recovers, may have to wait for a surgical appliance, is discharged and may then
      have to wait several more days before relatives collect him. The unique problems
      in Black hospitals can be alleviated, inter alia, by departmental admission
      protocols, outpatient liaison education officers, more even distribution of
      medical manpower, improved hospital transport systems and overnight stay wards
      incorporated in a more active outpatient system to replace the present sorting
      system.

PMID- 675442
TI  - Advances in schistosomiasis management.

PMID- 675441
TI  - Inguinal hernia containing a paramesonephric (Mullerian) duct in an adult male. A
      case report.
AB  - This article describes the extremely rare contents of a right indirect inguinal
      hernial sac in an adult male, namely a paramesonephric duct. Radiological
      investigation at operation by means of 'salpingography' demonstrated the
      connection of this 'uterus' with the prostatic utricle. 'Salpingohysterectomy'
      was performed. Sex typing of the patient determined him to be a male. His family
      history revealed siblings with intersex features; the prenatal determination of
      sexual identity is discussed and reference made to the fate of the mesonephric
      (Wolffian) and paramesonephric (Mullerian) remnant.

PMID- 675443
TI  - [Cancer research and the clinician].

PMID- 675444
TI  - [Copper T fitting].

PMID- 675445
TI  - Let the patient speak.

PMID- 675446
TI  - Coronary ostial disease and myocardial infarction.

PMID- 675447
TI  - Lumbar puncture--an innocuous diagnostic procedure?
AB  - The correct technique and indications for lumbar puncture are described. Possible
      and probable complications are discussed. The need for early recognition and
      consultation when complications arise is emphasized.

PMID- 675448
TI  - Porphyria variegata--studies of an affected couple and their children.
AB  - Porphyria variegata affects approximately 1 in 200 Afrikaans-speaking people in
      South Africa. This paper reports the first case of a marriage between 2 people
      with porphyria variegata and describes investigations carried out on their 2
      children, who do not exhibit any signs of the disease. The wife had suffered 1
      miscarriage at 4 months' gestation.

PMID- 675449
TI  - Prevertebral soft-tissue swelling as a sign of undisplaced fracture of the
      odontoid process.
AB  - Marked evanescent swelling of the prevertebral soft tissues has been found in 2
      patients with undisplaced fractures of the odontoid process. In one patient the
      significance of the swelling was appreciated only in retrospect and after shift
      had occurred at the fracture site. The experience gained from this patient
      alerted the radiologist and the clinician so that any further damage could be
      averted in the second patient. All patients with head injuries require
      radiography of the cervical spine. Soft-tissue swelling anterior to the atlas
      should be viewed in a serious light.

PMID- 675450
TI  - Hepatic and renal amyloidosis in association with schistosomiasis. A case report.
AB  - The association of systemic amyloidosis with schistosomiasis is rare. This report
      concerns a 47-year-old Black woman who presented with the nephrotic syndrome,
      with some unusual features. Ova of Schistosoma haematobium were seen in a rectal
      biopsy specimen, and amyloid material was shown in renal and hepatic biopsy
      specimens.

PMID- 675451
TI  - [The incidence of H-LA antigens in Costa Rica (author's transl)].

PMID- 675453
TI  - [The effectiveness of granulocyte transfusions in the treatment of severe
      injections in granulocytopenic patients. A controlled trial (author's transl)].

PMID- 675452
TI  - [A comparative assessment of 2-mercaptoethanol and dithiothreitol in the
      diagnosis of ABO-isoimmunization (author's transl)].

PMID- 675454
TI  - ["In vitro" restoration of blood preserved on cpd and cpd-adenine by adding
      inosine and pyruvatephosphate (author's transl)].

PMID- 675455
TI  - [Characterisation of hairy-cell leukaemia by means of quantitative electron
      microscopy (author's transl)].

PMID- 675456
TI  - [Sea-blue histiocyte syndrome. Report of a case (author's transl)].

PMID- 675457
TI  - [Assessment of a new fibrinolysis inhibitor by chromogenic substrates: the fast
      antiplasmin (author's transl)].

PMID- 675458
TI  - [Haemoglobinopathies and related disorders. I. Analytical schemes for their
      detection with special stress on the screening tests for HbS: A critical review
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 675459
TI  - Health status among low-income elderly persons: rural-urban differences.
AB  - This research compares the health status of low-income elderly persons in rural
      and urban areas. Using data from the Social Security Administration's 1973
      national survey of low-income aged and disabled, the study demonstrates that the
      prevalence of many chronic disorders and impairments is significantly greater
      among the rural aged than for their cohorts in more urban areas. These
      differences persist after controls for age, sex, and race are introduced. No
      significant differences between rural and urban elderly were apparent in the
      utilization of health services. The determinants of chronic health status of the
      elderly have already occurred, by and large, and an explanation of disorders and
      impairments cannot be found by examining current sociodemographic status. Such an
      explanation is contained in the accumulated effects of years of residence in
      differing social, economic, and physical environments.

PMID- 675460
TI  - Symposium on colon and anorectal surgery. Foreword.

PMID- 675461
TI  - Colonic endoscopy in perspective.
AB  - Sigmoidoscopy is an easy procedure and should be utilized more frequently. Barium
      enema examination is incomplete without sigmoidoscopy. Flexible fiberoptic
      sigmoidoscopy may have a role in the detection of disease of the descending,
      sigmoid, and rectosigmoid colon. The necessity for its routine usage remains to
      be determined. The control of colonic polyps by colonoscopy has been the greatest
      contribution to date by the fiberoptic instrument. Colonoscopy has improved the
      accuracy of diagnosis of colonic disease and, in certain instances, is helpful in
      the early detection of cancer of the colon. Colonoscopy complements the use of
      barium enema examination. Colonoscopy only for the purpose of confirmation of
      clinical or radiological diagnosis is often unnecessary. While the benefits of
      endoscopy are obvious, there are definite practical and technological limitations
      to its use. Complications, although infrequent, are major. Indications for
      colonoscopy must be clear and findings interpreted with knowledge of the
      limitations.

PMID- 675462
TI  - Modern management of hemorrhoids.
AB  - Hemorrhoids require therapy only when they cause symptoms. Early symptoms
      troubling the patient only occasionally are readily managed by dietary measures
      that increase the intake of fluids and fiber, such as bran, often supplemented by
      hydrophilic bulk-forming colloids, so that a bulky, soft stool is produced
      regularly. Rubber band ligation is the treatment of choice for small or moderate
      sized hemorrhoids with minimal prolapse, whether or not they bleed. Such bands
      should be applied to the mucosa at the anorectal junction and not directly to the
      hemorrhoidal tissue. Patients with large prolapsing or acutely thrombosed
      hemorrhoids are best managed by a closed type of hemorrhoidectomy. This technique
      is effective and safe and has great advantage with rapid healing and minimal
      postoperative care, which provides the patient with the maximum comfort.
      Complications are few and, in particular, anal stenosis or stricture is rare.
      Hemorrhoids occurring in association with other conditions require specific
      treatment only if they are responsible for symptoms in their own right, distinct
      from the associated condition. Other treatments discussed are effective but have
      particular disadvantages that make them unsuitable for routine use. Moreover,
      they offer no advances on the treatment regimens proposed.

PMID- 675463
TI  - Symposium on colon and anorectal surgery. Pruritus ani: a practical approach.
AB  - Pruritus ani is a symptom of diverse cause and varied presentation which will
      respond in most cases to measures directed at keeping the anal area clean and
      dry. The role of the surgeon is to evaluate the patient to determine the status
      of the problem and to rule out threatening conditions, to educate the patient in
      his responsibility for continuing care and prevention, and to prescribe initial
      therapy to relieve symptoms. Follow-up evaluation is necessary to intensify
      treatment for the unresponsive patient, to diagnose further or identify the
      candidate for surgery, and to refer the patient with uncontrolled pruritus
      exhibiting a dermatosis for dermatological diagnosis and therapy. The crux of
      this practical management rests in the control of perianal moisure, the
      elimination of which gives an enfilading effect to therapy.

PMID- 675464
TI  - Anal eroticism.
AB  - A delineation of the medical problems associated with anal sexual eroticism has
      been presented. Our method of approach to both the patient and the various
      disease states has been described. Treatment of the most commonly encountered
      condition, condyloma acuminata, has been detailed. Precautionary measures to be
      taken and possible diagnostic pitfalls have been mentioned.

PMID- 675466
TI  - Exposure and manipulation of rectal lesions.
AB  - The methods of treatment for benign tumors of the rectum are by local removal or
      local destruction. The benign status of the tumor must be determined
      histologically or by gross morphology before treatment is instituted. The
      approaches are either transanal or by posterior proctotomy. The following
      procedures have been employed with excellent results for the past 30 years at the
      Ferguson Clinic: (1) transanally, by local excision, local destruction, or snare
      removal; and (2) by the posterior proctotomy approach for benign tumors that
      could not be removed transanally because of size or inaccessibility. A "two scope
      technique" first devised in 1969 has been used with great success since.

PMID- 675465
TI  - Colon and rectal trauma.

PMID- 675468
TI  - Colon-rectal cancer: health organizations and government regulations.

PMID- 675467
TI  - Surgical management of diverticular disease.

PMID- 675469
TI  - Fibromuscular dysplasia of the cervico-cephalic arteries.
AB  - Six cases of fibromuscular dysplasia of the cervical and cephalic portions of the
      internal carotid arteries, including their intracranial branches are reported. It
      should perhaps be pointed out that one of the cases was from the Sudan. As far as
      we know, the condition has never before been reported in a male African. The
      condition was associated with an intracranial aneurysm in four of our cases. To
      our knowledge only three autopsied cases of fibromuscular dysplasia involving
      intracranial arteries are on record. In our six cases the diagnosis was based on
      angiographic evidence, and three of the cases, two with intracranial involvement,
      were verified post mortem.

PMID- 675470
TI  - Ectopic meningiomas: report of two cases and review of literature.

PMID- 675471
TI  - A neurosurgical microruler.

PMID- 675472
TI  - A neurosurgical microruler.

PMID- 675473
TI  - Glossopharyngeal schwannomas.
AB  - Glossopharyngeal schwannomas are rare entities. Our recent experience with three
      such cases treated successfully, suggests that recognitton of this tumor as a
      discrete entity is both desirable and feasible. Although this tumor shares with
      the far more common acoustic schwannoma the presenting symptom of hearing loss,
      it may be distinguished by an elicitable history of hoarseness, demonstration of
      abnormal palatal function and absence of expected findings upons standard
      radiographic examination of the petrous bones and internal auditory canal. We
      have found that identification of this tumor may be accomplished with currently
      available diagnostic technics, including computerized tomography. The authors
      review the literature and report their experiences regarding preoperative
      assessment, operative technic and the postoperative course.

PMID- 675475
TI  - Intracranial aneurysms in early childhood.
AB  - A case of an aneurysm of the middle cerebral artery in a 17-month-old child has
      been presented and the literature on the problem reviewed. A total of 27
      aneurysms in young children (under two years of age) has been found. The
      characteristics that define this group of patients are: a greater proportion of
      aneurysms of the middle cerebral artery and its branches and of the
      vertebrobasilar system; greater size of the aneurysms; and frequent pseudotumor
      syndromes. The surgical prognosis in this group of patients is excellent. The
      physical and pathophysiological characteristics of these aneurysms appearing in
      early childhood are described.

PMID- 675474
TI  - Traumatic bitemporal hemianopsia and diabetes insipidus.
AB  - Bitemporal hemianopsia and diabetes insipidus are infrequently occurring
      complications of closed head injuries. Porter and Miller found 18 cases of
      posttraumatic diabetes insipidus among more than 5000 patients with nonfatal
      closed head injuries. Of these, five also manifested damage to the optic chiasm.
      In 1971 Laursen surveyed the literature regarding traumatic bitemporal
      hemianopsia and found associated diabetes insipidus in 26 of 50 patients for whom
      information on this was given. Both conditions were present in a patient seen at
      Walter Reed Army Medical Center.

PMID- 675476
TI  - NINCDS creates institutional grants for clinical research training.

PMID- 675477
TI  - External carotid cavernous fistula treated by transfemoral embolization.

PMID- 675478
TI  - Computed tomography with giant intracranial aneurysms.
AB  - Five patients with giant intracranial aneurysms were studied by computed
      tomography. Secondary intracranial changes such as hemorrhage, cerebral
      infarction and communicating hydrocephalus are easily demonstrated by computed
      tomography. In addition, computed tomography provides precise information
      concerning the actual size and location of large but partially thrombosed or
      calcified aneurysm to better advantage than angiography.

PMID- 675479
TI  - En bloc removal of large bilateral olfactory groove meningioma.
AB  - With careful pre-operative angiographic evaluation, reversible intra-operative
      external carotid occlusion, controlled hypotension, steroids, osmotic diuretics,
      and early control of nutrient arteries, the en bloc removal of a large bilateral
      olfactory groove meningioma is feasible in some instances. Dissection around the
      tumor is facilitated by shrinkage of the tumor, as its nutrient vessels are
      occluded. Ligation and division of the venous drainage is left until the end.
      This technique may be particularly valuable in poor risk patients, as  it may
      considerably reduce blood loss and operating time, without sacrifice of brain.

PMID- 675480
TI  - Unusual craniocerebral injury by a key.

PMID- 675481
TI  - Intimal dissection of the superficial temporal artery.
AB  - Three patients who underwent superficial temporal-middle cerebral artery
      anastomosis demonstrated a dissection of the intima of the superficial temporal
      artery at operation. The fact that this abnormality had not been appreciated
      previously in surgical series and that it and other anatomical variants may
      account for "technical failures" of anastomoses is elucidated. The authors
      describe their successful technique for suturing the intimal flap.

PMID- 675482
TI  - Cervical hematomyelia as cause of death after mild head injury.
AB  - A 55-year-old black man died the day after an automobile accident during which
      his forehead struck the car's windshield. He was not rendered unconscious. At
      routine autopsy no cause of death was found by the pathologist. Postmortem
      neurosurgical consultation disclosed hematomyelia and associated damage of the
      cervical spinal cord. Review of the literature disclosed that such changes in the
      spinal cord may be caused by hyperextension injuries of the cervical spine. These
      findings have been observed both clinically and experimentally. This report deals
      only with cases of "central cord" trauma without roentgenologic evidence of bony
      disruption.

PMID- 675483
TI  - Ankylosing hyperostosis of the cervical spine.

PMID- 675484
TI  - Complete obliteration of a carotid cavernous fistula with sparing of the carotid
      blood flow using a detachable balloon catheter.
AB  - A detachable balloon catheter system is described which has several distinct
      advantages over pre-existing methods of "intervention radiology". It is
      anticipated that further refinements in this technique will continue to expand
      the uses for this procedure.

PMID- 675485
TI  - Posterior fossa revascularization: anastomosis of vertebral artery to PICA with
      interposed radial artery graft.

PMID- 675486
TI  - Intracranial saccular aneurysms in the first three decades.
AB  - To examine the characteristics of cerebral aneurysms in juvenile patients, 39
      patients less than 30 years old were chosen from our 1,000 patients with saccular
      aneurysms who had undergone an intracranial operation on their aneurysm. The
      frequency, clinical features and surgical results in these young patients are
      discussed.

PMID- 675487
TI  - Emergency occlusive techniques.
AB  - Emergency occlusive therapy may be indicated in the management of acute arterial
      injury or expanding arteriovenous fistula. Intra-arterial occlusion may be
      performed at the time of diagnostic angiography. Selective placement of catheters
      permits percise diagnosis and management. We wish to report eight cases to
      demonstrate the efficacy of different occlusive agents. No adverse reactions were
      noted in this series of patients. We feel that emergency occlusive therapy is
      rapid and safe. It may facilitate and occasionally obviate surgical management.

PMID- 675488
TI  - Multiple intracranial aneurysms: identifying the ruptured lesion.
AB  - The problems associated with the identification of the source of bleeding in
      multiple intracranial aneurysms are discussed, and the contribution towards
      diagnosis of each method of examination and investigation are evaluated, special
      emphasis is laid on the use of CAT scanning and electroencephalography as
      additional aids in localisation.

PMID- 675489
TI  - Myelopathy presenting as an intrinsic spinal cord tumor.
AB  - Two patients are presented who became progressively quadriplegic with
      myelographic appearances suggesting intrinsic spinal cord tumors. In both cases,
      laminectomy and biopsy of the spinal cord disclosed non-neoplastic conditions
      (neuromyelitis optica and acute necrotic myelopathy) confirmed at autopsy. Since
      surgery is not helpful in such cases, the problems of differentiation between
      such lesions and intraspinal tumors are reviewed.

PMID- 675490
TI  - Delayed impairment of arterial blood oxygenation in patients with severe head
      injury: preliminary report.
AB  - A drop in the arterial PO2 occurring 24 hours after head injury was identified in
      eight patients. Traditional modes of therapy include administration of
      supplemental oxygen and provision of an unobstructed airway. The latter proved to
      be inadequate to continually maintain the PaO2 at a level consistent with the O2
      content of the inspired air. Initially, determination of the PaO2, after
      institution of supplemental oxygen, may demonstrate adequate oxygenation, but
      blood gas monitoring should be continued since a delayed fall in arterial oxygen
      tension may occur 24 hours after head injury. This period of potentially
      deficient blood oxygenation, if severe enough, may further aggravate preexisting
      brain damage and profoundly affect the ultimate outcome of the patient. The
      delayed fall in PaO2 is the result of intrapulmonary shunting principally due to
      a ventilation/perfusion mismatch. The precise mechanism of the
      ventilation/perfusion inequality in the brain-injured patient awaits further
      elucidation, but may differ from the alteration in pulmonary function seen in the
      Respiratory Distress Syndrome.

PMID- 675491
TI  - Acute transient rises of intracranial pressure (plateau wave type) seen with a
      pontine hemorrhage.
AB  - A case of pontine hemorrhage is presented. Continuous intraventricular pressure
      recording disclosed frequent acute transient rises of intracranial pressure
      resembling the plateau waves as described by Lundberg despite a low basic level
      of intracranial pressure. One possible mechanism of producing the plateau waves
      is discussed.

PMID- 675492
TI  - Lundberg's B waves as a feature of normal intracranial pressure.
AB  - Lundberg B waves have been said to be distinctive of low pressure hydrocephalus.
      A case is presented in which such waves were recorded from an apparently normal
      brain.

PMID- 675493
TI  - Microvascular perfusion experimental spinal cord injury.
AB  - Microperfusion of the spinal cords in cats was studied using a colloidal carbon
      perfusion technique following compression injury at 1/2 hour, 2 hours, 4 hours, 8
      hours, 24 hours, and 51 days. Quantitative estimates of vascular filling were
      determined at these post-compression intervals. Microperfusion diminished in both
      the gray and white matter at 1/2 hour following injury and severe lack of
      perfusion was evident at 8 and 24 hours. Diminished filling of the vessels of
      gray and white matter seemed to parallel the degree of hemorrhagic necrosis of
      the gray matter. An increased number of vessels were evident in the spinal cords
      of long term survivals. The observation that microperfusion in the white matter
      of the spinal cord was diminished at 24 hours is at variance with some previous
      investigations. The hypoperfusion of the white matter found in this study
      suggests that ischemia plays a role in paraplegia resulting from experimental
      compression injury of the spinal cord.

PMID- 675494
TI  - Lysosomal activity in experimental spinal cord trauma: an ultrastructural
      cytochemical evaluation.
AB  - The possible role of lysosomal activity in the early post-trauma phase of severe
      experimental spinal cord trauma was assessed utilizing an acid phosphatase
      cytochemical ultrastructural study. The results indicate that there is no
      evidence for lysosomal alteration prior to the development of cellular
      degeneration or necrosis. No diffuse cytoplasmic staining was observed. This
      study indicates that physical lysosomal injury resulting in release of hydrolases
      into spinal cord cells is not a tenable hypothesis as a primary initiating event
      in the development of spinal cord necrosis following trauma. However, the data
      are consistent with the general theory that lysosomal activity is important in
      the secondary degradation of cells following their being altered beyond recovery.

PMID- 675495
TI  - Neurosurgical residency training programs.

PMID- 675496
TI  - Carotid-cavernous fistula associated with traumatic aneurysm of the internal
      carotid artery.
AB  - We report a patient who suffered two traumatic lesions in the same internal
      carotid artery-a carotid-cavernous fistula and a traumatic aneurysm of the
      cavernous portion of the internal carotid artery. Both lesions were treated by
      trapping procedure combined with controlled muscle embolization. The value of
      intraoperative angiography is emphasized.

PMID- 675497
TI  - Decompression of vertebral artery in cases of cervical spondylosis.
AB  - In four cases with symptoms of vertebral artery insufficiency, compression of the
      artery was abolished by removing the adjacent cervical osteoarthritic spurs.
      However, total relief could be achieved only by incision and resection of the
      constricting fibrotic ring around the vertebral artery. This periarterial
      fibrotic tissue appears to play a role in the pathogenesis of symptoms.

PMID- 675498
TI  - Bilateral intracavernous carotid aneurysms: treatment by bilateral carotid
      ligation.
AB  - Bilateral carotid ligation was performed successfully in a patient who had
      bilateral aneurysms of the intracavernous portion of the carotid artery. The left
      common carotid artery was ligated for treatment of an intracavernous aneurysm.
      Three years later, as the patient developed signs of a contralateral cavernous
      sinus aneurysm, the right carotid artery was partially occluded. Except for a
      slight right ptosis and a limitation of vertical gaze, the neurological signs
      subsided completely.

PMID- 675499
TI  - Crossed external carotid ligation for giant aneurysms.
AB  - Giant aneurysms of the carotid artery commonly produce a visual loss as their
      main or only clinical manifestation. On occasion they do not respond favorably to
      ligation of the carotid artery in the neck or even to direct surgical attack on
      the related carotid artery intracranially. In such cases additional ligation of
      the contralateral external carotid artery should be considered. Such a case is
      presented and the rational for such treatment discussed.

PMID- 675500
TI  - The management of small choroidal melanomas.
AB  - There are a number of unresolved questions regarding small choroidal melanomas.
      At what stage in the natural history of these tumors do they develop the capacity
      to metastasize? What are the effects of various therapeutic modalities on the
      incidence of metastatic disease? Clinicopathologic studies suggest that patients
      with small choroidal melanomas (less than 10 mm in diameter and 3 mm in height)
      have an excellent prognosis. In patients with small choroidal melanomas with
      clear ocular media and no clinical retinal detachment, it is reasonable to do
      serial examinations without therapeutic intervention until growth is documented.
      In patients with small choroidal melanomas in which growth is documented,
      enucleation or alternate modes of therapy, including photocoagulation or
      radiation, are reasonable methods of treatment. Only by conducting prospective
      studies can we obtain a better understanding of the natural history of choroidal
      melanomas, determine at what stage these small lesions develop a metastatic
      potential, and evaluate the relative efficacy of various treatment modalities in
      preventing the development of metastatic disease.

PMID- 675501
TI  - Fluorescein angiography of the fundus: a schematic approach to interpretation.
AB  - Fluorescein angiographic patterns reveal a wide variety of anatomical,
      pathological and physiological information which, correctly interpreted,
      contributes to the differential diagnosis of fundus diseases and to the
      evaluation of appropriate therapeutic approaches. A schema for interpretation of
      the fluorescein angiogram is presented, following a logical progression from the
      initial determination of abnormal hypofluorescence of hyperfluorescence to the
      evaluation of the specific locations and features of the patterns, and their
      relationships to various disorders.

PMID- 675502
TI  - Malignant change in melanocytomas of the uveal tract.
AB  - Melanocytomas are pigmented tumors of the uvea and optic nerve head composed of
      plump polyhedral melanocytes which have been regarded as nevus cells. There are
      few reports of malignant change in these usually benign lesions. This study
      documents 16 cases of malignant melanoma of the uvea, eight of which were
      characterized by the presence of plump polyhedral melanocytes in and around the
      tumor. The melanocytoma cells were aggregated throughout the tumors and/or at the
      margins of the lesions; these cells did not appear between the melanoma and the
      sclera, as has been reported with spindle-type nevus cells. Electron micrographs
      of these plump melanocytes had the characteristics of common uveal melanocytes,
      while the tumor cells had features of malignant melanoma cells. The clinician
      should recognize the potential of melanocytomas for undergoing malignant change
      and should follow patients who have this lesion with this in mind. Article is
      followed by comments of Dr. L. E. Zimmerman.

PMID- 675503
TI  - Increasing the range of the keratometer.
AB  - How can the ophthalmologist perform keratometry on a patient whose corneal
      curvature exceeds the limits of the keratometer? A technique for extending the
      range of the keratometer to test such patients, e.g., those suffering from
      keratoconus or corneal plana, is presented.

PMID- 675504
TI  - [Association of Abramov-Fiedler myocarditis with dextrocardia].

PMID- 675505
TI  - [Complete congenital defect of the pericardium].

PMID- 675506
TI  - [Case of occlusion of large and small hepatic veins with transition of
      endophlebitis onto the central veins].

PMID- 675507
TI  - [Peculiar clinico-anatomical variant of Chiari's syndrome].

PMID- 675508
TI  - [Bronchial foreign body simulating bronchogenic carcinoma].

PMID- 675509
TI  - [Successful surgical treatment of giant lung cysts].

PMID- 675510
TI  - [Case of heterozygotic thalassemia].

PMID- 675511
TI  - [Association of Klippel-Feil syndrome with pathology of the internal organs].

PMID- 675512
TI  - [Certain results of the study of clinical aspects of infectious diseases].

PMID- 675513
TI  - [Hyper- and hypocalcemic crises as emergency conditions in pathology of the
      parathyroid glands].

PMID- 675514
TI  - [Evaluation of the test with frequent atrial stimulation in the sinoatrial node
      insufficiency syndrome].

PMID- 675515
TI  - [Mitral valve prolapse syndrome].

PMID- 675516
TI  - [Clinical aspects and diagnosis of tuberculosis of the liver].

PMID- 675517
TI  - [Secondary gout in patients with congenital heart defects complicated by
      erythrocytosis].

PMID- 675518
TI  - [Specific and post-radiation pericarditis in Hodgkin's disease].

PMID- 675519
TI  - [Treatment of idiopathic thrombopenia with vincristine].

PMID- 675520
TI  - [Radioisotope visualization in differential diagnosis of primary and secondary
      lesions of the adrenal glands].

PMID- 675521
TI  - [Diffuse eosinophilic fasciitis].

PMID- 675522
TI  - [Difficulties of clinical diagnosis of Conn's disease and topical diagnosis of
      aldosteromas].

PMID- 675523
TI  - [Vascular disorders in biliary tract diseases].

PMID- 675524
TI  - [Tryptamine and serotonin metabolism in inflammatory diseases of the respiratory
      organs].

PMID- 675525
TI  - [Use of clopheline in the treatment of arterial hypertension and for arresting
      hypertensive crises].

PMID- 675526
TI  - [State of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in chronic circulatory
      insufficiency].

PMID- 675527
TI  - [Problem of renal dysplasia from the point of view of a clinicist and a
      morphologist].

PMID- 675528
TI  - [Diagnostic significance of changes in the enzymatic spectrum of blood serum in
      hypercorticism].

PMID- 675529
TI  - [New methods of extrarenal blood purification in the treatment of chronic renal
      insufficiency, and further ways of their development].

PMID- 675530
TI  - [Optimization of the method of chronic hemodialysis].

PMID- 675531
TI  - [Association of systemic scleroderma with lymphocytic leukemia].

PMID- 675532
TI  - [Morphological diagnosis of glomerulonephritis].

PMID- 675533
TI  - [Pathogenesis and treatment of glomerulonephritis in children].

PMID- 675534
TI  - [Clinical significance of disorders of osmotic and ion homeostasis].

PMID- 675535
TI  - [Remote results of massive corticosteroid therapy of chronic compensated
      glomerulonephritis].

PMID- 675536
TI  - [Brufen in the treatment of chronic nephritis].

PMID- 675537
TI  - [Achievements and problems of anticoagulant therapy in a nephrological clinic].

PMID- 675538
TI  - [Does focal nephritis exist?].

PMID- 675539
TI  - [Diagnosis of primary amyloidosis].

PMID- 675540
TI  - [Dynamics of insulinemia in chronic glomerulonephritis].

PMID- 675541
TI  - [Secondary amyloidosis of the kidneys (problems of the clinical course and
      morphology according to the puncture biopsy data)].

PMID- 675542
TI  - [Alcoholic disease of the kidneys (alcoholic nephropathy)].

PMID- 675543
TI  - [Peripheral blood flow in chronic pyelonephritis].

PMID- 675544
TI  - [Nephropathy in rheumatoid arthritis treated with gold preparations].

PMID- 675545
TI  - [Clinical symptomatology and various problems of treatment of Reiter's disease].

PMID- 675546
TI  - The relationship of gestational age to vitamin A induced postnatal dysfunction.
AB  - In an effort to determine the relationship between time of administration and
      consequent behavioral effects on progeny, a uniform subteratogenic dose of
      vitamin A (80,000 I.U./KG) was administered to gravid Sprague-Dawley rats during
      one of five periods of gestation (days 5-7, 8-10, 11-13, 14-16 and 17-19).
      Offspring were examined for changes in rate of weight gain, locomotor activity
      and maze learning ability (T-maze with return to nest as reward and multiple T
      water maze escape). Vitamin A 8-10 animals were hyperactive, vitamin A 11-13
      animals acquired T-maze slower than controls and both vitamin A 8-10 and 11-13
      acquired water maze slower than controls. Vitamin A 11-13 animals were
      significnatly lighter than controls and all other vitamin A groups.

PMID- 675547
TI  - Abnormalities induced in cultured rat embryos by hyperthermia.
AB  - Rat embryos were explanted at nine and one-half days of gestation and cultured
      for 48 hours in rotating bottles containing rat serum and a gas phase, at
      temperatures of 38, 40, 40.5 and 41 degrees C. The embryo cultured at 40.5
      degrees C were retarded and many of them were abnormal, and at 41 degrees C, all
      the embryos were malformed and retarded. The most frequent abnormalities
      occurring at both these temperatures were microcephaly and oedema of the
      pericardium. Development of the embryos cultured at 40 degrees C was similar to
      that of the controls at 38 degrees C, and superficially they appeared to be
      normal. However, measurement of the head dimensions, and separate determinations
      of head and body protein contents showed that the 40 degrees C embryos were
      microcephalic.

PMID- 675548
TI  - Multifactorial contributions to the etiology of spontaneous hemorrhagic necrosis
      of the central nervous system of fetal hamsters.

PMID- 675549
TI  - Hemorrhagic necrosis of the central nervous system of fetal hamsters: litter
      incidence and age-related pathological changes.
AB  - The occurrence, anatomic distribution, and character of lesions of spontaneous
      hemorrhagic necrosis (SHN) are reported in each hamster fetus of two affected
      litters examined on the fifteenth day of gestation and in selected individuals of
      other affected litters on the twelfth, thirteenth, and fourteenth days of
      gestation. The pathologic process seems primarily to affect the capillary
      vasculature of the central nervous system and shows a predilection for rapidly
      growing and differentiating regions of the fetal forebrain, thalamus, and brain
      stem. Lesions demonstrable in members of affected litters of susceptible stocks
      are of a progressive character, increasing both in severity and topographic
      extend with increasing fetal age and growth. Spontaneous patterns of regression
      and recurrence of SHN disease in susceptible stocks may reflect variable
      physiologic factors in the intrauterine environment.

PMID- 675550
TI  - Relationship of dietary zinc to 6-mercaptopurine teratogenesis and DNA metabolism
      in the rat.
AB  - The possible interaction between the level of maternal dietary zinc and the
      teratogenic activity of 6-mercaptopurine was investigated. Pregnant Sprague
      Dawley rats were fed diets containing 9,100 or 1,000 ppm zinc from day zero of
      pregnancy and were given a single intraperitoneal injection of 6-MP (55mg/kg) on
      day 11. At term, females in the group fed 1,000 ppm zinc (a high intake) showed
      less pronounced effects on reproduction and embryogenesis than did those fed 9
      ppm (marginally deficient)  or 100 ppm (normal) zinc. Embryos examined on day 12
      of gestation had similar concentrations of protein and RNA; however, the DNA
      content was lower and the incorporation of 3H-thymidine was greater in the drug
      treated groups than in non-drug treated controls. These results indicate that 6
      mercaptopurine is acting to alter embryonic DNA metabolism and that high levesl
      of dietary zinc may ameliorate some of the deleterious effects of this drug on
      embryonic and maternal toxicity.

PMID- 675551
TI  - Attenuating effect of zinc on abnormal placental morphology in 6-mercaptopurine
      treated rats.
AB  - Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were fed diets containing 9 (marginal level), 100
      (control level), or 1,000 (very high level) ppm zinc and were given a single
      intraperitoneal injection of 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP, 55 mg/kg) or an equivalent
      volume of carboxymethylcellulose on day 11 of gestation. Live young and their
      placentas were recovered at surgery on day 21 of gestation: they were weighed,
      measured, and placentas were examined histologically. Placentas from drug treated
      animals were smaller in diameter and lighter in weight than controls; however,
      the placentas of animals fed the 1,000 ppm zinc diet were significantly heavier
      than those of the other drug-treated groups. Histologically, the placentas of the
      6-MP treated dams showed a highly disproportionate reduction in the labyrinthine
      layer with larger, less subdivided maternal sinuses than in controls, reduction
      of fetal vasculature, vesiculation of trophoblast nuclei, deposition of PAS
      positive material in the septal wall, and fibrinous degeneration of trophoblast
      cells. These morphological changes were reduced in placental tissues of drug
      treated rats given 1,000 ppm of zinc. In contrast, no placental abnormalities
      were observed in rats not treated with 6-MP.

PMID- 675552
TI  - Congenital deformities produced in hamsters by potato sprouts.
AB  - Dried gound potato sprout preparations from seven varieties produced congenital
      deformities in one strain of hamsters. Incidence of affected litters varied from
      8 to 25%, depending on potato variety. Certain steroidal solanum and veratrum
      alkaloids produced similar defects. Neither peel nor tuber material was
      teratogenic from one of the potato varieties with highly teratogenic sprouts.

PMID- 675553
TI  - Cholinomimetic teratogens. VI. The interaction of cholinomimetic teratogens with
      the antimalarial drugs chloroquine and chlorguanide.
AB  - A typical syndrome of short and crooked neck together with muscular hytoplasia of
      the legs occurs with low incidence in chicken embryos following injection into
      the egg at 24 hours of incubation of the antimalarial drug chloroquine; but
      treatment at later stages does not have similar effects. When, however
      chloroquine was used in addition to carbachol or neostigmine at 96 hours of
      incubation the malformations caused by the two cholinomimetic compounds, i.e.,
      carbachol and neostigmine, occurred with greatly increased frequency and tended
      also to be exaggerated in expression. Chlorguanide, another antimalarial drug,
      when used as additive, reduced the teratogenic effects of such compounds as
      decamethonium and neostigmine. It appears that the neuromuscular pathways to
      teratogenicity are for carbachol and neostigmine and for chloroquine clearly
      related, if at different levels of expressivity.

PMID- 675554
TI  - The induction of axial blisters in the chick embryo by trypan blue.
AB  - The hemorrhage, blister formation, and rumplessness observed in the chick embryo
      following treatment with trypan blue may be due to (1) increased ventricular
      blood pressure or (2) to necrosis and edema in the caudal region of the embryo by
      inhibiting nutrient utilization. To test the role of increased ventricular blood
      pressure in the induction of caudal blisters, primitive streak to 7-somite chick
      embryos were cut in half, separating the upper presumptive heart region from the
      lower presumptive trunk and tail regions. Each half was then explanted on media
      containing trypan blue for 24 hours. In intact embryos treated with 0.04 mM
      trypan blue the frequency of blisters in the posterior region was 80.8%. The
      blisters usually appeared on both sides of the neural tube, below or in the
      region of the last few somites. In transected embryos treated with trypan blue,
      the frequency of blisters in the posterior halves which had beating hearts was
      2.6%. However, the frequency of blisters in the posterior halves which were not
      connected to beating hearts was 47.8%. In some cases the blisters were found in
      posterior halves in which the rump was not well developed or present at all.
      Thus, we may conclude that: (1) direct connection between the heart and the rump
      is not necessary for the induction of caudal blisters. (2) The presence of a well
      differentiated rump is also not necessary for blister formation. We suggest that
      trypan blue acts directly on organs or structures found in the caudal region of
      the chick embryos.

PMID- 675555
TI  - Aminopterin and methotrexate: folic acid deficiency.

PMID- 675556
TI  - Further comments on "contraceptive hormones and congenital heart disease".

PMID- 675557
TI  - Pediatric practice: patterns of change.

PMID- 675558
TI  - Intraoperative autotransfusion for abdominal aortic aneurysm repair.

PMID- 675559
TI  - Cervical implantation of an ectopic pregnancy: two case reports.

PMID- 675560
TI  - Voluntary hospital cost containment in Texas.

PMID- 675561
TI  - Medical records: what are they and how long should they be kept?

PMID- 675563
TI  - Encephalopathy in the cirrhotic patient.

PMID- 675562
TI  - Treatment of status epilepticus: a review.

PMID- 675564
TI  - Colloid cysts: a cause of sudden death and presumed psychophysiologic
      abnormalities.

PMID- 675565
TI  - [Retreat of the German language from the medical field? Languages in medical
      publication titles of the last 100 years].

PMID- 675566
TI  - [Artificial hip joint replacement].

PMID- 675567
TI  - [The small portion method, a logic diet form].

PMID- 675568
TI  - [Treatment of drug-induced dryness of the mouth].

PMID- 675569
TI  - [Prediagnostic initial therapy of severe spastic pain conditions].

PMID- 675570
TI  - [Skin cleaning and care in the healthy subject].

PMID- 675571
TI  - [Maintenance of pregnancy].

PMID- 675572
TI  - [Disorders in early pregnancy].

PMID- 675573
TI  - [Threatened abortion: our point of view (author's transl)].

PMID- 675574
TI  - [Long-term uterine relaxation with betamimetic drugs for threatened premature
      labour (author's transl)].

PMID- 675575
TI  - [Side effects of labour inhibiting drugs (author's transl)].

PMID- 675576
TI  - [The influence of the EPH Gestosis on the duration of pregnancy (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 675577
TI  - [Care and counselling of pregnant women (author's transl)].

PMID- 675578
TI  - [Supporting medical measures for the preservation of pregnancy (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 675579
TI  - [Results in maintenance of pregnancy after request of interruption (experience at
      the women's hospital lucerne) (author's transl)].

PMID- 675580
TI  - [Motivation, technic and results of breast feeding].

PMID- 675581
TI  - [Nutritional and immunological advantages of breast feeding (author's transl)].

PMID- 675582
TI  - [Quality control and stability of human milk].

PMID- 675583
TI  - [Progress in the treatment of juvenile iron deficiency anemia].

PMID- 675584
TI  - Synthetic inhibitors of serine proteinases. XVI. Influence of 3- and 4
      amidinobenzyl derivatives on the formation and action of thrombin.

PMID- 675585
TI  - Studies on the binding of heparin to prothrombin and thrombin and the effect of
      heparin-binding on thrombin activity.

PMID- 675586
TI  - Hyperactivity of normal human serum, from blood drawn with very low concentration
      of sodium oxalate.

PMID- 675587
TI  - Sugar derivatives of indolamines, part I: aggregation induced by desoxyfructo
      serotonin and its active transport through the platelet membrane.

PMID- 675588
TI  - Sugar derivatives of indolamines, part II: difference in the oxidation of
      serotonin and its desoxyfructose derivative by rat brain monoamine oxidase.

PMID- 675589
TI  - Activation of clotting factors in prothrombin complex concentrates as
      demonstrated by clotting assays for factors IXa and Xa.

PMID- 675590
TI  - Correction of clot retraction in thrombasthenia by ATP and ristocetin.

PMID- 675591
TI  - Structural aspects of in vivo aging rabbit blood platelets.

PMID- 675592
TI  - Fibrinogen cold-insoluble globulin mixtures as tissue adhesives.

PMID- 675593
TI  - Factor VIII and ristocetin induced platelet aggregation after splenectomy.

PMID- 675594
TI  - Effect of dietary linoleic acid deficiency on platelet aggregation and
      phospholipid fatty acid of rats.

PMID- 675596
TI  - [Blood vessel surgery].

PMID- 675595
TI  - Blood level of dihydroergotoxine and inhibition of platelet aggregation.

PMID- 675597
TI  - [Traumatic rupture of the aortic arch].

PMID- 675598
TI  - [Refractory hypertension. Pathogenesis and therapy].

PMID- 675599
TI  - [Postoperative hemorrhage after conization of the cervix uteri. A retrospective
      study of 251 patients].

PMID- 675600
TI  - [Yersinia arthritis. A clinical and serological follow-up examination].

PMID- 675601
TI  - [Multifocal development of urothelial tumors].

PMID- 675602
TI  - [Yellow fever].

PMID- 675603
TI  - [Acute respiratory disorders. A review of pulmonary etiology].

PMID- 675604
TI  - [Percutaneous suprapubic bladder puncture. Instrumentation and methods].

PMID- 675605
TI  - [Chloroquine/oxychloroquine].

PMID- 675606
TI  - [Digitoxin drugs. Enhanced biologic availability?].

PMID- 675607
TI  - [Malignant uterine neoplasms in rats after bromocriptine (Parlodel "Sandoz")].

PMID- 675608
TI  - [Sexual behavior of teenagers. Medical and social aspects].

PMID- 675609
TI  - [Ethical problems in the treatment of gastroenterology patients].

PMID- 675610
TI  - [Nightmares in children].

PMID- 675611
TI  - [Acute perforated appendicitis. A 5-year series].

PMID- 675612
TI  - [Circulatory disturbances in a wandering spleen].

PMID- 675613
TI  - [Aneurysm of the splenic artery].

PMID- 675614
TI  - [Comparative study of the laxative effect of wheat bran and dietary fiber tablets
      (Dumovital)].

PMID- 675615
TI  - [Thrombocytopenia in malignant lymphoma].

PMID- 675616
TI  - [Bilateral hematoma of the iliac muscle with femoral nerve palsy complicating
      anticoagulant therapy].

PMID- 675617
TI  - [Bone scintigraphy: a new tool in the diagnosis of acute hematogenous
      osteomyelitis].

PMID- 675618
TI  - [Central perforations of the eardrum. Closure with fascia temporalis].

PMID- 675619
TI  - [Therapy of urinary tract infections in children].

PMID- 675620
TI  - [Zagreb antiserum against snake venoms].

PMID- 675622
TI  - [Mumps].

PMID- 675621
TI  - [Scabies. Treatment of infants].

PMID- 675624
TI  - [Angina pectoris--from the viewpoint of the shoemaker].

PMID- 675623
TI  - [Hypomagnesemia: a rare adverse effect of diuretic therapy?].

PMID- 675625
TI  - [Laparotomy in surgery].

PMID- 675626
TI  - [Surgery and untreated myxedema. A case with protracted postoperative intestinal
      paresis].

PMID- 675627
TI  - [Chronic intermittent colonic volvulus].

PMID- 675628
TI  - [Prader-Willi Labhart syndrome].

PMID- 675629
TI  - [Endoscopy of entire colon and terminal ileum with a 105 cm long sigmoidescope].

PMID- 675630
TI  - [Suprapubic urinary catheter].

PMID- 675632
TI  - [Short time anesthesia of children with injectable preparations].

PMID- 675631
TI  - [Drug therapy of paranoid psychoses].

PMID- 675633
TI  - [Glutathione. A "new star" on the heaven of biochemistry].

PMID- 675634
TI  - [Chemical problems in the working environment].

PMID- 675635
TI  - [Chemically induced agranulocytosis. 2 cases of bone marrow disorder after
      exposure to paint, sealing-wax and glue].

PMID- 675636
TI  - [Swallowing syncope].

PMID- 675637
TI  - [Low anterior resection of rectal cancer; a 17-year series].

PMID- 675638
TI  - [Skin manifestations as a symptom in malignant disease. Acquired ichthyosis
      vulgaris as a first symptom in Hodgkin's disease].

PMID- 675639
TI  - [Symptoms of hypercalcemia after immobilization].

PMID- 675640
TI  - [Arm ergometer training in elderly patients].

PMID- 675641
TI  - [Spontaneous pneumothorax in newborn infants. Use of a scalp vein needle for
      diagnosis and drainage].

PMID- 675642
TI  - [Tryptophan, a stimulant amino acid].

PMID- 675643
TI  - A study of chloramphenicol distribution and residues in dairy cows.
AB  - Distribution and residues of chloramphenicol were examined in 29 normal and 15
      emergency-slaughtered dairy cows after parenteral injection of 3 chloramphenicol
      base formulations, using microbiological and chemical assay procedures. Five
      qualitative test methods for antibiotic residues failed to detect the presence of
      the drug even in samples collected within 18 hours of treatment at a dose level
      of 37 mg/kg, and in emergency-slaughtered cows known to have been treated with
      chloramphenicol before slaughter. The limited usefulness of these methods for the
      detection of chloramphenicol residues is stressed by observations indicating the
      presence of chemically measurable concentrations of the drugs (or its
      metabolites) in the muscle, kidney, liver, bile, and urine 65 hours after
      treatment. Quantitative microbiological assay procedures for chloramphenicol
      (sensitivity limits 1.0 microgram/ml tissue fluid) conducted on specimens of
      kidney and liver samples of cows treated with chloramphenicol (doses
      approximately 10 to 40 mg/kg intramuscularly) 1/2 ; 1; 3 1/2; 12; 18; 46; and 65
      hours earlier were all negative. However, chemical assay procedures (sensitivity
      limits 0.2 to 3 microgram/ml or mu/g tissue) for chloramphenicol and some of its
      metabolites detected the drug in these samples as well as in the meat.
      Chloramphenicol is apparently extensively metabolized in adult bovines. The
      extended persistence of "chloramphenicol" residues in the carcass is due to the
      relatively slow elimination rate of the metabolized drug and the poor and slow
      absorption rate from the intramuscular injection site after treatment, with
      preparations containing chloramphenicol base dissolved in organic solvents.
      Examples are given of the predicting of of pre-slaughter carcass withdrawal times
      on the basis of arbitrary drug tolerance or detection levels.

PMID- 675644
TI  - ECG changes in dogs with hypothyroidism.
AB  - The results of electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings in 19 dogs with primary
      hypothyroidism are presented. Low voltage and inverted T waves were the most
      frequently observed abnormalities. In a number of dogs the ECG changes
      contributed to the diagnosis of hypothyroidism. A  few dogs had even been
      referred to the cardiopulmonary service because of decreased exercise tolerance
      and the ECG pointed to the need for thyroid function studies.

PMID- 675645
TI  - Esophageal hiatal hernia. Case report of a dog and a cheetah.
AB  - Case reports of a paraesophageal hiatal hernia in a French bulldog and an
      invagination of the stomach into the esophagus in a cheetah are presented. In
      both cases there was an enlarged hiatus and in the cheetah the hiatus was clearly
      bounded by a muscular loop. Treatment consisted of surgical narrowing of the
      hiatus. The pathophysiology of hiatal hernia is discussed with reference to
      experimental studies in dogs.

PMID- 675646
TI  - Effect of storage time on the fertility of bull semen frozen in straws.
AB  - Fertility rates were analysed of more than 190000 first inseminations with frozen
      semen stored for up to six years in liquid nitrogen. Semen was used of 158
      different bulls and frozen in 0.25 ml French straws. Fertility rates ranged from
      69.1 to 75.9% non-return after 56 days. An influence of the storage time on the
      fertility could not be demonstrated.

PMID- 675647
TI  - [The xero-arteriography--methods, results, indications (author's transl)].
AB  - The simple method of transarterial Xero-Arteriography and its indications are
      described. This investigation provides useful information in angiography of the
      extremities. The main advantages are: small risk, investigation of ambulatory and
      bedridden patients.

PMID- 675648
TI  - [Experience with transvenous xeroarteriography in vascular surgery (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The edge contrast pattern in Xeroradiography allows blood vessels to be
      delineated with highly reduced concentration of radiopaque fluid. The contrast
      material is injected rapidly into a cubital vein. The brachial arteries are
      opacified 3--8 sec. and the femoral arteries about 7--15 sec. after the injection
      is finished. The arteriograms are of good quality which equals direct
      conventional angiography, if the vessels are not overlayed by bone structures.
      Thus the popliteal artery can be judged best in lateral view. The indications for
      transvenous Xeroarteriography are preoperative diagnosis especially in high risk
      patients, angiographic diagnosis of soft tissue tumors and postoperative control
      and documentation of vascular reconstruction in the extremities. Transvenous
      Xeroarteriography is a really noninvasive, painless and easy to handle method
      whiich allows visualization of peripheral vascular lesions and can be reproduced
      at short intervals without any risk.

PMID- 675649
TI  - [Operative treatment of arterial occlusive disease: the risk of operation in high
      age patients (author's transl)].
AB  - Comparative study of 2,168 revascularizations and 221 limb amputations at the
      surgical hospital of Furth/Bavaria (1970--1977). The lethality rate after
      arterial reconstructions in older patients, depending on the type of
      revascularization, was 3.3 per cent up to 21.1 per cent, being considerably lower
      than after amputation after which 42.5 per cent of the patients died. Therefore
      vascular surgery should be considered at an early stage of the disease in older
      patients with problems of circulation, particularly before any limb amputation.

PMID- 675650
TI  - [The venous thrombectomy (author's transl)].
AB  - Between 1973 and 1977 we performed 106 venous thrombectomies. 100 of these cases
      showed occlusion in the ilio-femoral area and 6 in the axillary area. The
      postoperative mortality was 2 per cent in pelvic thrombosis and 0 per cent in the
      Paget-von-Schroetter-Syndrome. Fatal pulmonary embolism did not occur. Seventy
      per cent of patients were free of complaints 6 months postoperatively. Best
      results were achieved by early operation. The Paget-von-Schroetter-Syndrome is
      frequently caused by a thoracic outlet syndrome. Therefore, the first rib has to
      be removed during the second operation in order to prevent recurrence.

PMID- 675651
TI  - [Surgical treatment of therapy resistant ulcus cruris (author's transl)].
AB  - 30 patients with chronic venous ulcerations of the lower leg, unable to be cured
      definitely by commonly known medical, local or surgical therapy are reported. All
      patients were submitted to the little known ulcer circumcision published by
      Nussbaum in 1873. During a postoperative period of up to 10 years there was no
      recurrence of ulcers in any case. The operation is simple and time saving.
      Requiring an average hospital stay of 24 days, thus saves expenses as well. The
      procedure is described and the clinical results obtained have been documented.

PMID- 675652
TI  - [Early and late results in the prevention of pulmonary embolism and caval patency
      after implantation of caval clips according to Adams--De Weese as compared to
      Mobin-Uddin umbrella filters (author's transl)].
AB  - A collective of 56 female and 54 male patients between 15 and 78 years were
      operated to prevent pulmonary embolism. 27 umbrella filters and 83 vena cava
      clips were implanted. Postoperative mortality was 15 per cent after umbrella
      filter implantation as compared to 0 per cent after clip application. 35 clip and
      9 filter implantations were followed up by cavographic examination. Venograms
      were classified in three types according to caval patency. A significantly higher
      number of complications were observed after filter implantation. On the basis of
      a flow physics hypothesis an explanation is suggested for the liability to caval
      thrombosis after filter implantation. An evaluation of both operative methods and
      their indications is given.

PMID- 675653
TI  - [Revitalization of bovine xenograft used for repair of experimental tracheal
      defects (author's transl)].
AB  - In 12 mongrel dogs tracheal defects of different size were covered by bovine
      xenografts. The grafts were subjected to electronmicroscopic examination 2 to 19
      months after implantation. Following the ingrowht of fibroblasts and capillaries
      a basal membrane is formed on the side of the previous graft lumen. After 4 to 5
      months this membrane is covered from the tracheal margins by microvillous cells.
      After 8 months ciliated epithelia and goblet cells are developed by cell
      metaplasia. Although the graft becomes revitalized and integrated into the
      tracheal wall, the layer of ciliated epithelia is interrupted by less
      differentiated cells. The possible causes for this phenomenon are discussed. Thus
      bovine xenograft used for the repair of tracheal defects has the following
      advantages: total revitalization, no shrinkage, less prone to infection and
      formations of ciliated epithelia.

PMID- 675654
TI  - [Revitalization of bovine xenografts used for experimental arterial replacement
      in dogs (author's transl)].
AB  - In 16 mongrel dogs bovine xenografts of 4 to 12 cm of length were used for
      arterial replacement. The grafts were removed after 30 minutes and up to 13
      months for electronmicroscopic examination. The graft was shown to be
      significantly thrombogenic during the first six weeks after implantation. After 8
      to 10 weeks an increasing revitalization of the graft is found starting from the
      ends of the canine artery. A cover of endothelial cells is formed in the graft
      lumen. The graft wall is enforced by formation of collagen and elastic fibers
      originating from capillaries and fibroblasts. Revitalization of the graft is
      limited to a rim of 2 to 3,5 cm next to the anastomoses with the canine artery.
      The remaining graft segment shows revitalization only on the outside wall.
      Degenerative changes take place in the inner layer of the graft with time
      passing.

PMID- 675655
TI  - [Comparative study of coronary vessel diameters in intravital and postmortal
      angiograms (author's transl)].
AB  - In a total of 21 mongrel dogs a comparison between intravital and postmortal
      coronary arteriograms was made so as to establish the difference in vessel
      diameter. Fresh postmortal hearts injected in situ showed an average increase in
      coronary vessel diameter of approx. 6 per cent. Examinations of 24 hour
      postmortal hearts which were removed from the animals showed a vessel diameter
      increase of barely 20 per cent in the mean. These 20 per cent correspond fairly
      well with literature information about the maximal widening of coronary vessels
      with nitroglycerin. Nerves which are still functioning, and humoral substances
      which may influence the still living muscle in vessel walls are supposed to be
      the reason for the smaller increase in fresh postmortal in situ illustrated
      coronary arteries. It must be stressed, that the measured differences between
      intravital and postmortal coronary artery diameters can only be representative of
      wall sections free of arterioslcerosis.

PMID- 675656
TI  - [Myocardial damage in coronary air embolism (author's transl)].
AB  - Haemodynamic changes after intracoronary air embolism (0,02 ml/kg air in the left
      coronary artery) were studied in 16 dogs. The air was introduced in 8 animals
      during cardiopulmonary bypass and in 8 animals without bypass. In both groups the
      air embolization caused acute ischemia with myocardial necrosis. Immediately
      after the injection the anterior wall became akinetic; 24 hours after injection
      CPK increased to more than 800 U. One half of the animals without cardiopulmonary
      bypass died during acute ischemia due to refractory arrhythmias; there was no
      mortality in the group with cardiopulmonary bypass. The left ventricular damage
      due to air embolization cannot be significantly reduced with cardiopulmonary
      bypass; the bypass only helps to "tide over" the animal during the period of
      acute ischemia.

PMID- 675657
TI  - [Myocardial stress of different surgically induced types of cardiac arrest in
      dogs evaluated by myocardial potassium and acid-base balance (author's transl)].
AB  - In mongrel dogs myocardial stress of the following types of artificial cardiac
      arrest in moderate hypothermia and cardiopulmonary bypass was compared: 1.
      Ischemic arrest after aortic occlusion lasting 30 or 45 minutes. 2. Injection
      cardioplegia according to Kirsch lasting 90 minutes. 3. infusion-cardioplegia
      according to Bretschneider lasting 90 minutes. The following parameters were
      compared: extracellular potassium activity ([K+]e) during cardiac arrest and [K+]
      in arterial and coronary venous blood during reflow, total [K+] and acid-base
      balance during reflow, time course of [K+] and lactic acid release and uptake
      during reflow after cardiac arrest. In our experimental conditions the lowest
      alterations of myocardial [K+] and acid-base balance were observed after infusion
      cardioplegia according to Bretschneider. Injection-cardioplegia according to
      Kirsch was less protective for the heart as evidenced by more intensive acidosis,
      enlarged [K+] loss and prolongation of [K+] uptake during reflow. Ischemic
      cardiac arrest in moderate hypothermia was the worst type of artificial
      standstill indicated by development of fatal myocardial acidosis.

PMID- 675658
TI  - [Myocardial contractility in different methods of Cardioplegia. An experimental
      study (author's transl)].
AB  - In 22 mongrel dogs the protective effect on the myocardium of Bretschneider- and
      Kirsch-Cardioplegia (90 minutes of cardiac arrest) was studied and compared with
      ischemic arrest (45 minutes at hypothermia of 30 degrees C). Myocardial
      contractility was evaluated by the following indices of contractility: t--dp/dt
      max., Krayenbuhl-Index of contractility and max. Vce. Depression of contractility
      of 40 % was observed after ischemic arrest and Kirsch-Cardioplegia, whereas in
      Bretschneider-Cardioplegia depression was only 7 %. Forty-five minutes after
      reperfusion contractility had returned to normal in the last group. It is
      concluded that Bretschneider-Cardioplegia results in little reduction of
      postischemic contractility, and has a good protective effect on the myocardium.

PMID- 675659
TI  - [Artificial cardiac valve with curved disc (author's transl)].
AB  - Because of insufficient opening of Bjork-Shiley- and Lillehei-Kaster-prostheses
      in vitro and in vivo a new pendulum valve is proposed. The skeleton line of the
      disc crossection is bent towards the main flow direction when the valve is
      closed. Thus during valve opening the blood stream is directed to the opposite of
      the opening direction as to add torque to the disc which enables complete valve
      opening. During flow observations in an open water table with eight different
      curved discs an increase of the opening angle with which the torque disappears
      could be measured with increasing curve of the disc. The pressure loss of the
      valve is smaller in comparison to the pressure loss of pendulum valves with plane
      or contrarily curved discs. Furthermore the curvature decreases the backflow
      volume during valve closure.

PMID- 675660
TI  - [Left ventricular dynamics with exercise after revascularization in advanced
      coronary heart disease (author's transl)].
AB  - 66 patients with 2 and 3 vessel coronary heart disease were studied before and
      after complete successful revascularization. Hemodynamic measurements and biplane
      left ventricular angiograms were obtained at rest and during supine bicycle
      exercise.--After operation a significant overall decrease of LVEDP with exercise
      was seen; exercise LVEF increased in cases with left main disease and in most
      cases with double vessel disease and double bypass. Inconsistant response was
      present in 3 vessel disease. Improvement of left ventricular dynamics with
      exercise in advanced coronary disease after complete revascularization can be
      expected mainly in 2 vessel disease and left main coronary disease.

PMID- 675661
TI  - Species-specific aggregation factor in sponges. XIII. Entire and core structure
      of the large circular proteid particle from Geodia cydonium.
AB  - High-molecular weight particles have been isolated from the sponge Geodica
      cydonium. In the "native" from these particles consist of a spherical center and
      have 25-30 filaments attached to it. The core structure of the particles is
      assembled of a central circle and 25 radially-arranged filaments. The core
      structure is obtained from the entire structure by incubation in a medium,
      containing a non-ionic detergent and EDTA. The molecular weight of the enitre
      structure was in the range of 1.4 X 10(9) daltons or more and of the core
      structure 6.1 x 10(8) daltons. Two functional proteins are released from the
      "native" particles: the aggregation factor and the sialytransferase.

PMID- 675662
TI  - Freeze-etch localization and distribution of concanavalin A in normal and
      irreversibly sickled erythrocytes.
AB  - Normal red blood cells and irreversibly sickled red cells (ISCs) were incubated
      in Concanavalin A (Con A) prior to freeze-etching. The Con A molecules could be
      visualized on the cells without conjugating the Con A to a larger molecule. No
      differences in the number or distribution of the Con A binding sites were
      observed between normal red cells and ISCs. Moreover, the number and distribution
      of the intramembranous particles (IMP) present on the fracture face of the
      cytoplasmic membrane leaflet were the same in normal cells and ISCs. Thus, the
      membrane differences that do exist between normal red cells and ISCs in terms of
      cell shape and adhesiveness are not reflected in Con A binding or IMP number and
      distribution.

PMID- 675663
TI  - Ultrastructure of lineus ruber (Rhyncocoela) epidermis.
AB  - Recent evidence indicates that nemertean epidermis is capable of absorbing
      certain organic solutes from sea water via mediated transport mechanisms, as well
      as secreting mucoid substances. Morphological studies suggest that these
      functions may be restricted to distinct epidermal cell populations. Mucous
      secretion at the free surface of the epidermis is the result of synthesis and
      release activites of cells in both the epidermis and dermis (cutis). Secretion of
      dermal origin passes through the epidermis to the worm's exterior in slender
      cytoplasmic process (process (canaux d'evacuation) in the form of membrane bound
      vesicles. A single gland cell type, located entirely within the epidermis,
      releases externally a granular product histochemically identified as largely
      protein plus some amount of carbohydrate with low periodic acid-Schiff's
      reactivity. The close juxtaposition of granular endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi
      apparati to the secretory material is consistent with the composition of this
      secretory product. Interstitial cells possess microvilli projecting from their
      apical surface, in addition to cilia. The outer surface of the plasmalemma
      covering these ciliary projectons is unadorned, but microvilli possess a fuzzy
      coat. At the peripheral ends of the microvilli, the coat is filamentous, while at
      their base the coat consist of foliate structures. Cationic colloidal iron
      binding suggest that the filamentous portion of the fuzzy coat contains the
      greatest proportion of the acidic surface charge. The presence of periodic acid
      Schiff's positive material in this region suggests that the fuzzy coat also
      contains carbohydrate. Lateral boundaries of the interstitial cell lacks obvious
      junctional specializations; however, the apical 150 nm intracellular space
      narrows to 40 nm and continues in a tortuous interdigitating path to the base of
      the adjacent interstitial cells. Where the apex of these cells is broad, the
      interdigitations are shallow, but the basal half of the interstitial cells have
      deep complex infoldings. Cytoplasmic organelles other than the nucleus,
      mitochondria and some granular endoplasmic reticulum, are restricted to the
      apical half of the cytoplasm. The presence of closely apposed Golgi complexes and
      smooth endoplasmic reticulum, multivesicular bodies, lysosome-like dense vesicles
      and coated vesicles suggests that these cells may play a role in intracellular
      digestion of phagocytized particulate matter from the external environment. The
      amplification of the interstitial cell's free surface suggests that these cells
      are primarily responsible for mediated solute transport across the epidermis.

PMID- 675664
TI  - Comparative ultrastructure of juvenile and adult nuchal organs of an annelid
      (Polychaeta: Opheliidae).
AB  - Opheliid nuchal organs are composed of ciliated cells, retractor muscles, and
      sensory cells. The perikarya of sensory cells are located in the posterior
      portion of the brain, and their distal processes extend along the body wall, as
      the nuchal nerve, and terminate just anterior to the ciliated region. The nuchal
      nerve of the juvenile is composed of 30-35 dendrites; the adult nuchal nerve has
      35-40 dendrites. The ends of the sensory dendrites form sensory bulbs which are
      clustered around the olfactory chamber, and each bulb bears a modified cilium.
      Sensory cilia lose their axonemes and extend as microvillous-like structures into
      the olfactory chamber. Supportive cells delineate approximately the posterior and
      dorsal portions of the chamber with sensory bulbs forming the remaining ventral
      and anterior portions. On the lateral aspect of the chamber, cuticular matrix.
      The adult nuchal organ is larger than that of the juvenile, and the sensory
      portion of the olfactory chamber wall is expanded. Expansion of the sensory area
      is apparently the result of size increase in sensory bulbs and by intrusion of
      supportive cells between sensory bulbs.

PMID- 675665
TI  - The parathyroid gland of the woodchuck (Marmota monax): a study of seasonal
      variations in the chief cells.
AB  - The ultrastructure of the parathyroid chief cell in the woodchuck, Marmota monax,
      was studied during the four seasons of the year. Spring chief cells have stacks
      of granular endoplasmic reticulum, prominent multiple Golgi zones and many
      clumped mitochondria. Summer cells resemble those seen in the spring but the
      mitochondria are associated with stacks of granular endoplasmic reticulum.
      Multiple areas of stacked granular endoplasmic reticulum characterize the fall
      chief cells. Their Golgi zones are large and are associated with many dense core
      secretory granules. Lipoid vacuoles are frequently noted. Winter chief cells have
      secretory granules and phagolysosomes (dense bodies). Some of these cells contain
      stacked arrays of granular endoplasmic reticulum associated with mitochondria,
      others have only short segments. The above morphological findings are discussed
      in relation to those in other hibernators, the parafollicular (C) cell, and to
      the cyclic seasonal activities of the woodchuck.

PMID- 675666
TI  - Anatomical and ultrastructural study of the pharyngeal bulb in  Protodrilus
      (Polychaeta, Archiannelida). I. Muscles and myo-epithelial junctions.
AB  - The pharyngeal bulb of Protodrilus is both a muscular and an epithelial organ
      whose function is the drawing up of food particles. The muscular system of the
      bulb is formed of tightly connected antagonistic muscles: the bulbus muscle and
      the sagittal and  "grating plate" muscles. All of them are composed of obliquely
      striated fibers whose ultrastructural characteristics are similar to those of
      Hirudina and even more to those of epitokous forms of Nereidae and Syllinadae.
      Myo-epithelial cells do not exist in the pharyngeal bulb of Protodrilus contrary
      to what was previously thought; the muscles and the stomodeal epithelium are
      united by junction areas on both sides of the basal lamina. These myo-epithelial
      junctions may be compared of the myoepidermic junctions known in several
      Arthropods. A comparison of the ultrastructural features of the bulbus muscle
      fibers of Protodrillus (Protodrilidae) and Trilobodrilus (Dinophilidae) shows
      that the Protodrilus fiber clearly belongs to the obliquely striated type
      classically found in Polychaeta, while the Trilobodrilus fiber is a very peculiar
      type of obliquely striated fiber. These differences do not agree with Jagerstens
      hypothesis on the unity of the Archiannelida established on the basis of a
      structural similarity of the bulbus muscles.

PMID- 675667
TI  - Anatomical and ultrastructural study of the pharyngeal bulb in Protodrilus
      (Polychaeta, Archiannelida) II. The stomodeal and its cuticle.
AB  - The epidermal and stomodeal cuticles of Protodrilus are described then compared.
      The thin epidermal cuticle, the thickness of which is about the same over all the
      body, is characterized  both by the absence of fibrils in its deepest part and by
      the extension of epidermal microvilli above the cuticle. The stomodeal cuticle,
      the thickness of which is as variable as that of the epithelium, presents two
      layers of fibrils comparable to the collagen fibrils described in the cuticle of
      other Annelida, as well as a relatively diversified supramicrovillous coating.
      The anterior cuticular thickening or grating plate, is characterized by the
      length of the epithelial microvilli, the thickness of the cuticular matrix and
      the superficial cuticular zone with supramicrovillous denticles supported by an
      axis of fibrous bundles. In the stomodeal cuticle, the fibrillar material seems
      to give to the cuticle best resistance to deformation during the pharyngeal bulb
      contraction, while an especially elaborated supramicrovillous coating is found in
      regions most exposed to friction. These features contrast with the relative
      simplicity of the epidermal cuticle.

PMID- 675668
TI  - The kidney of the prussian carp, Carassius auratus gibelio (Cyprinidae). III.
      Glycogen-rich cells in the distal segment of nephronic tubule.
AB  - Glycogen may be present in considerable amount in the distal segment of the
      nephronic tubule of a teleost freshwater fish, as revealed by light- and electron
      microscopical observation. Adaptation of Crassiss auratus gibelio to increased
      salinity causes alterations of the cell fine structure (e.g. mitochondria and
      baso-lateral infoldings) but apparently does not influence deposition of
      glycogen. However glycogen storage is directly controlled by environmental
      temperature and may be part of an annual rhythm in carbohydrate metabolism.

PMID- 675669
TI  - Fine structure of tight junctions between rat choroidal cells after osmotic
      opening induced by urea and sucrose.
AB  - After ventriculo-cisternal perfusion of hypertonic urea or sucrose, both the
      choroid plexus permeability to horseradish peroxidase and the structure of tight
      junctions between choroidal cells are modified. Intercellular spaces are swollen,
      continuous ridges are fragmented and intrajunctional spaces are invested by many
      membranous particles. These morphological alterations appear to be reversible.
      These ultrastructural data are related to an osmotic maladjustment induced by the
      introduction of hypertonic solutions into the cerebro-spinal fluid.

PMID- 675670
TI  - Early origins of definitive erythroid cells in the chick embryo.
AB  - The early maturation stages of definitive erythroid cells are observed in the
      embryonic circulation of the chick yolk sac at 4.5--5 days of incubation. Light
      and electron microscope observation of the mesoderm of the yold sac membrane
      indicate that individual presumptive precursors of the definitive-line are
      present as early as 2 days of incubation and give rise to sequestered populations
      of immature erythroblasts within sinusoids during the period of 2.5-6 days
      incubation. Such isolated populations of definitive-line erythroblasts eventually
      connect with the established capillary circulation of yolk sac membrane but a
      large proportion of the erythroblasts temporarily remain associated with the
      endothelium prior to free circulation.

PMID- 675671
TI  - Fine structure of the tegumentary glands secreting the protective "shield" in a
      sessile insect (Homoptera, Diaspiddae).
AB  - The tegumentary pygidial glands of Aonidiella aurantii (Homoptera, Diaspididae)
      produce a secretion forming the shield of these fixed parasites of plants. They
      are formed of seven cells: a principal unpaired secretory cell which produces an
      abundant glycoproteinaceous secretion; a small associated cell with a secondary
      reservoir for this secretion; two accessory secretory cells which have very
      abundant tubular extensions coming from the plasma membrane, and a flocculent
      secretion gathered in a large sub-cuticular space; two cells forming an enlarged
      part of the excretory canal, functioning like a spinneret; and finally a single
      cell forming the tubular duct of this complex gland. The cuticle of the secretory
      cells has a very special porous structure, through which the secretion passes.
      The final product is a ribbon formed by two hollow strands stuck together. The
      exact nature of this secretion is not clear. It is comparable to a silk secretion
      though it has its own particular characteristics.

PMID- 675672
TI  - Diagnosis and surgical treatment of "angiographically absent pulmonary artery
      syndrome".
AB  - Among the heart diseases, there are some cases in which pulmonary arteries cannot
      be visualized by standard right ventriculography and aortography. We have
      categorized such a case as "angiographically absent pulmonary artery syndrome",
      which may include congenital or acquired absent pulmonary artery, and
      anatomically present but non-visualized pulmonary artery. It has been extremely
      difficult to achieve an accurate diagnosis in such cases and there has been no
      report of successful surgical treatment for them. Recently, we developed a method
      of retrograde pulmonary arteriography, with which the pulmonary artery can be
      successfully visualized in cases of angiographically absent pulmonary artery.
      Subsequently, re-establishment of the blood flow to the non-visualized pulmonary
      artery has been successfully performed in 7 of 8 cases of this syndrome. -
      angiographically absent pulmonary artery syndrome; retrograde pulmonary
      arteriography; surgical repair.

PMID- 675673
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis and fetal pathology of Niemann-Pick disease.
AB  - Prenatal diagnosis was successfully accomplished by determining sphingomyelinase
      activity in the cultured amniotic fluid cells in a case of high risk pregnancy
      for Niemann-Pick disease (NPD), type A. No detectable activity of
      sphingomyelinase was found in the cultured amniotic fluid cells obtained at the
      17th week of gestation. Patient's pregnancy was terminated and the aborted fetus
      was proved to be affected with NPD. The liver, brain and skin fibroblasts from
      the aborted fetus revealed a markedly diminished activity of sphingomyelinase.
      Sphingomyelin content in the liver of the affected fetus was found to be
      increased approximately sevenfold as compared with that in a control fetus liver.
      On the other hand, there was no increase of sphingomyelin in the brain from the
      affected fetus. No significant increase in cholesterol content was found in the
      liver and brain from the affected fetus. Electron-microscopic findings revealed
      membranous cytoplasmic bodies and electron dense material with vacuoles in
      cytoplasm of the liver cell and a number of Zebra body-like inclusions in the
      cerebral vessel wall. Biochemical and histological findings of the NPD fetus
      indicate that there is the progress of the disorder already in the midtrimester
      of gestation.

PMID- 675674
TI  - Experimental study on the segmental innervation of the spinal cord to the
      visceral organs.
AB  - To clarify the segmental innervation of the spinal cord to the visceral organs,
      selective section of the individual spinal nerve root of the dog in different
      spinal segment was performed, and the distribution of distal degeneration of
      myelinated nerve fibers in the sympathetic trunk and in peripheral nerves was
      observed. From the results obtained, much wide-spread innervation of each spinal
      segment to the visceral organs was revealed, and an efferent system in the dorsal
      root of the spinal nerve was confirmed to be related to the visceral organ.
      Furthermore, widely extended innervation of the vagus nerve to the visceral organ
      was clarified.

PMID- 675675
TI  - Isolated, blood-perfused canine arteries: different vasoconstrictor responses of
      internal and external carotid arteries to 5-hydroxytryptamine.
AB  - Canine carotid arteries were isolated, suspended in a bath and perfused under a
      constant flow rate with arterial blood led from a support dog. Resting perfusion
      pressure was set at a constant level over 50 mm Hg. Drugs were administered into
      the endothelial side of the artery through a cannulated tubing and the response
      was obtained as pressure changes. This preparation was proved to be superior to
      usual isolated arterial strips, since its reactivity was kept in a stable
      condition over 5-10 hours at 37 degrees C. Using this preparation, effects of 5
      hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) on the internal and external carotid arteries were
      investigated in comparison with effects of norepinephrine. In the internal
      carotid artery, 5-HT caused a much more potent vasoconstriction than
      norepinephrine. On the other hand, in the external carotid artery, 5-HT caused
      only slight vasoconstriction, while norepinephrine produced a marked
      vasoconstriction.

PMID- 675676
TI  - Vasomotor waves during cardiopulmonary bypass.
AB  - Vasomotor waves (VMW) were observed in nine cardiac patients during
      cardiopulmonary bypass. The period and amplitude of the waves were described
      together with their consistency and other pertinent data. Effects of several
      pharmacologic agents on these waves were tested. These VMW are likely to be
      caused by spontaneous oscillation of presso-regulatory feedback systems. Cerebral
      ischemic response is suspected to be the most likely candidate. However, no
      patients showed any gross neurological symptoms in the postoperative period.

PMID- 675677
TI  - Diagnosis of persistent truncus arteriosus by two-dimensional echocardiography: a
      case study.
AB  - Two-dimensional echocardiography of a patient revealed overriding of the large
      aortic trunk which bifurcated above the semilunar valve, suggesting persistent
      truncus arterious. This diagnosis was confirmed by cardiac catheterization and
      angiocardiography. Surgery and autopsy also confirmed the accuracy of the two
      dimensional echocardiographic findings. Two-dimensional echocardiography is thus
      valuable in diagnosing persistent truncus arteriosus.

PMID- 675678
TI  - The significance of the sweat test in chronic pancreatitis.
AB  - In order to study the disposition which is thought to be latent in chronic
      pancreatitis, we investigated the sweat chloride concentration of 95 normal
      subjects, 43 cases of chronic pancreatitis, 12 cases of cholelithiasis, 15 cases
      of peptic ulcers, 16 cases of hepatic diseases and 23 cases of diabetes mellitus
      with the sweat test, using the method of pilocarpine iontophoresis. We obtained
      the following results. (1) In normal subjects, the sweat chloride concentration
      was inclined to rise gradually with age from childhood to adulthood; the mean
      value of sweat chloride concentration was 30.0 mEq/liter in adults from 20 years
      old, and the upper limit was about 60 mEq/liter. (2) The mean value of sweat
      chloride concentration was 60.0 mEq/liter in chronic calcifying pancreatitis;
      this value was markedly higher than that of control subjects of the same age (p
      is less than 0.001). (3) The mean value of sweat chloride concentration in
      cholelithiasis, peptic ulcer and hepatic diseases did not differ significantly
      from control subjects. The mean value of sweat chloride concentration in diabetes
      mellitus was significantly higher than that of control subjects (p is less than
      0.01), but was significantly lower than that in chronic pancreatitis (p is less
      than 0.01). (4) It was supposed that some cases of chronic pancreatitis have a
      congenital disposition toward abnormal secretion of sweat glands and epithelium
      in the pancreatic duct, resembling cystic fibrosis, and this disposition leads
      easily to pancreatic disorders when the individual is exposed to various external
      factors.

PMID- 675679
TI  - Neuromuscular blocking property of amikacin in man.
AB  - The effect of amikacin on the neuromuscular junction was studied in man during
      anesthesia and surgery. Amikacin alone did not show any neuromuscular blocking
      action in normal man in therapeutic doses (100-200 mg). However, during recovery
      from either d-tubocurarine block or phase II block with succinylcholine, the
      intravenous administration of 200 mg of amikacin caused a decrease in twitch
      tension. This neuromuscular block aggravated by amikacin was antagonized by
      edrophonium (10 mg) or calcium chloride (400 mg). Data obtained from the peroneal
      nerve-anterior tibial muscle preparation of rabbits suggested that the
      neuromuscular blocking potency of amikacin was one-twelfth of that of kanamycin
      in therapeutic doses. Although amikacin is thus less potent than kanamycin,
      caution should be taken in its use for patients with myasthenic state.

PMID- 675680
TI  - Study on the porcine tubular basement membrane.
AB  - Porcine kidney slices were gently homogenized with 0.9% NaCl in a Waring blender,
      followed by sieving of the homogenate to isolate tubules. The tubular basement
      membrane (TBM) was then prepared from the tubules by sonication in 1.0 M NaCl.
      Electron micrographs indicated a high degree of purity of the TBM with negligible
      contamination of fibrillar collagen. Analytical data showed that the TBM was a
      glycoprotein containing approximately 10% of carbohydrates. Of the sugar
      components, glucose and galactose comprised approximately 70% of the total
      carbohydrates and glycosylgalactosylhydroxylysine was detected in an alkaline
      hydrolyzate of the TBM. Besides them, mannose, fucose, glucosamine, galactosamine
      and sialic acid were also detected. The protein portion of the TBM contained
      hydroxyproline, hydroxylysine, half cystine, methionine and a large amount of
      glycine as the characteristic amino acids. Polyacrylamide gel-electrophoresis of
      the TBM gave 15 bands.

PMID- 675681
TI  - Parenchymal weight of the parathyroid gland and the kidney in chronic
      glomerulonephritis.
AB  - This histomorphometrical study was performed on the kidney and the parathyroid
      glands of autopsy cases of chronic glomerulonephritis. The kidneys showed atrophy
      in varying degrees. Weight of the parathyroid glands increased because of
      proliferation of parenchyma. Weight of parathyroid parenchyma correlated
      negatively with weight of the kidney and volume density of tubules in renal
      cortex.

PMID- 675682
TI  - Evaluation of the teratogenic potential of fresh-brewed coffee and caffeine in
      the rat.

PMID- 675683
TI  - Sympathetic nervous system response in acute cardiovascular toxicity induced by
      amitriptyline in conscious rabbits.

PMID- 675684
TI  - Production of homocytotropic antibodies (IgE) to malathion in the rat.

PMID- 675685
TI  - Placental transfer and body distribution of methylmercury and selenium in
      pregnant mice.

PMID- 675686
TI  - Characterization of cytoplasmic binding of dihydrotestosterone by the prostate
      gland, seminal vesicles, kidney, and liver of the mouse.

PMID- 675687
TI  - Effects of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate on the isolated perfused rat heart.

PMID- 675688
TI  - On the specific molecular configuration of neurotoxic aliphatic hexacarbon
      compounds causing central--peripheral distal axonopathy.

PMID- 675689
TI  - A comparison of the stimulatory effects of cadmium and zinc on normal and lead
      inhibited human erythrocytic delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity in
      vitro.

PMID- 675690
TI  - Depression of cholinesterase activity by ethylestrenol in organophosphorus
      poisoned and normal rats.

PMID- 675691
TI  - The toxicity of some halomethanes in mice.

PMID- 675692
TI  - Comparative subacute toxicity of all-trans- and 13-cis-retinoic acid in Swiss
      mice.

PMID- 675693
TI  - Petroleum hydrocarbon toxicity studies XVII. Animal response to n-nonane vapor.

PMID- 675694
TI  - The triphasic amphetamine lethal dose curve in mice and its possible relationship
      to drug metabolism.

PMID- 675695
TI  - Tissue concentrations and the mortality of d-amphetamine in mice: changes
      associated with the use of diethylaminoethyl 2,2-diphenylvalerate.HCl1.

PMID- 675696
TI  - Inhalation studies to evaluate the teratogenic and embryotoxic potential of beta
      chloroprene (2-chlorobutadiene-1,3).

PMID- 675697
TI  - Mechanisms of cadmium- and barium-induced adrenal catecholamine release.

PMID- 675698
TI  - The influence of DDT on metabolism of dimethylnitrosamine in rats.

PMID- 675699
TI  - Sulfite oxidase activity in liver and kidney tissue in five laboratory animal
      species.

PMID- 675700
TI  - Urine delta-aminolevulinic acid and erythropoietic activity in human lead
      intoxication.

PMID- 675701
TI  - Oral toxicity of the cyclic polyethers--12-crown-4, 15-crown-5, and 18-crown-6-
      in mice.

PMID- 675702
TI  - Uptake and release of naphthalene and its metabolites in skin and epidermal mucus
      of salmonids.

PMID- 675703
TI  - Early damage indicators in the the lung I. Lactate dehydrogenase activity in the
      airways.

PMID- 675704
TI  - The mechanism of serum alkaline phosphatase elevation by chloroform.

PMID- 675705
TI  - Subacute toxicity of pyridoxine hydrochloride in the beagle dog.

PMID- 675706
TI  - The comparative toxicity of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins in mice and guinea
      pigs.

PMID- 675707
TI  - Similar cardiovascular toxicity of the pesticide chlordimeform and lidocaine.

PMID- 675708
TI  - In vivo effect of methylmercury on protein synthesis in brain and liver of the
      rat.

PMID- 675709
TI  - Comparison of the fate of vinyl chloride following single and repeated exposure
      in rats.

PMID- 675710
TI  - The effect of Pluronic F-38 (Polyoxamer 108) administered intravenously to rats.

PMID- 675711
TI  - Lithium chloride and dilithium carbamyl phosphate: lithium distribution and
      toxicity in mice.

PMID- 675712
TI  - The effect of dietary fatty acids on the composition of adult rat lung lipids:
      relationship to oxygen toxicity.

PMID- 675713
TI  - Dopamine and noradrenaline levels in the brains of lead and zinc poisoned rats.
AB  - Acute plumbism include recurrent seizures, cerebral palsy and mental
      retardations. The impairment of the central nervous system (CNS) with increased
      lead absorption is of paramount concern which remains unsolved because of the
      lack of specific and sensitive neurochemical/biochemical indicators of the effect
      of lead on the CNS. In our experimental acute lead-zinc poisoning, significant
      increase in noradrenaline and slight decrease in dopamine have been found in the
      brains of rats, which suggest that there is change in neurotransmitter metabolism
      in lead poisoning.

PMID- 675714
TI  - Long-term toxicity studies of chocolate brown HT in mice.
AB  - Groups of 48 male and 48 female mice were given diets containing 0 (control),
      0.01, 0.1 or 0.5% Chocolate Brown HT for 80 weeks. There was a slightly reduced
      body weight gain and a lower heart weight in males given the highest dietary
      level. At the same level at week 77 the packed cell volume and total leucocyte
      count values in females were lower than those of the controls. However, the
      relationship of these findings to the treatment was questionable, as was the
      increased incidence of leucocytic infiltration of the liver in the female mice at
      the 0.5% level of treatment. A brown coloration of internal organs seen at the
      highest treatment level was due probably to the Chocolate Brown HT. The
      distribution of tumours was similar in all groups and it was concluded that there
      was no evidence of a carcinogenic effect with doses up to 700 mg/kg/day while the
      no-untoward-effect level was greater than 140 mg/kg/day.

PMID- 675715
TI  - Pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis in rat liver after the administration of
      cycloheximide.
AB  - After the administration of cycloheximide (2 mg/kg) the utilization of [2(
      14C)]orotic acid for the synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides of acid-soluble
      extracts of the liver is not affected for about 7 h. The specific activities of
      uridine and cytidine components are increased later on, and this increase is
      higher in the case of cytidine components. Analogous changes undergoes the
      specific activity of RNA pyrimidine nucleotides. The increased utilization of
      labeled orotic acid for the synthesis of cytidine nucleotides can be observed
      also in the kidney and in the small intestine. The enhanced degree of labeling of
      cytidine nucleotides in vivo cannot be correlated with the activity of cytidine
      triphosphate synthetase (EC 6.3.4.2) of liver cytosol estimated in vitro. The
      amination of UTP is suppressed at later intervals after the application of
      cycloheximide. The same holds true for the activity of uridine phosphorylase (EC
      2.4.2.3),5'-nucleotidase (EC 3.1.3.5) ATPase (EC 3.6.1.3) and of liver cytosol.
      The activity of uridine kinase (EC 2.7.1.48) is increased when tested both with
      uridine and cytidine as substrates. Cytidine deaminase activity (EC 3.5.4.5)
      raises markedly 3--5 h after the administration of drug; later on it decreases
      again.

PMID- 675716
TI  - Early destruction of cytochrome P-450 in testis of carbon tetrachloride poisoned
      rats.
AB  - There is 20--36 percent decrease in the microsomal cytochrome P-450 (P450)
      content of the testes 3 or 6 h after CCl4 administration to Sprague--Dawley male
      rats. Irreversible binding of CCl4 metabolites to testicular microsomal lipids is
      observed as early as 3 h while CCl4 induced lipid peroxidation does not occur
      within the first 6 h of poisoning. Results suggest that reactive metabolites
      rather than lipid peroxidation is involved in P-450 destruction in the testes.

PMID- 675717
TI  - Chromosome studies in human lymphocytes after in vitro exposure to metal salts.
AB  - The toxic concentration of different heavy metal salts was determined in normal
      stimulated human lymphocyte cultures and was found to be 3 X 10(-3), 1 X 10(-2)
      and 5 X 10(-4) for zinc chloride, lead acetate and cadmium chloride respectively.
      Furthermore 3 subtoxic doses of each salt (2, 10 and 100 times less than the
      toxic dose) were added to 48- and 72-h cultures at 0 h and 24 h after initiation.
      Chromosome preparations were made and 100 well spread metaphases from each
      culture were analysed for the presence of numerical and structural aberrations.
      The most common aberration found for all tested metal salts was the occurrence of
      chromosome fragments. Dicentric chromosomes were only recorded in lymphocyte
      cultures treated with the lowest concentration of zinc chloride (3 X 10(-5) M)
      added at time 0, regardless whether the cultures were fixed after 48 or 72 h.

PMID- 675718
TI  - Serum alkaline phosphatase elevation in female rats treated with ethinyl
      estradiol.
AB  - Ethinyl estradiol treatment to female rats resulted in increased levels of serum
      alkaline phosphatase, but was not associated with any other manifestation of
      toxicity such as increased serum transaminases or toxic lesions. Elevated serum
      alkaline phosphatase seen in rats treated with chloroform was associated with
      frank hepatotoxicity. Induction of hepatic drug metabolising enzymes in rats by
      phenobarbitone treatment did not result in raised serum alkaline phosphatase
      levels. Estradiol benzoate treatment to rats also did not increase serum alkaline
      phosphatase levels. Ethinyl estradiol also resulted in increased alkaline
      phosphatase content in the liver, intestine and bone. The raised intestinal
      alkaline phosphatase content of rats treated with phenobarbitone or estradiol
      benzoate was not associated with an increase in the serum levels. There was
      histochemical evidence of induction of canalicular alkaline phosphatase in the
      liver in Ethinyl Estradiol treatment. The study of the electrophoretic separation
      of serum alkaline phosphatase of ethinyl estradiol treated rats revealed the
      presence of a new fast moving fraction, similar to those seen in bile duct
      ligated rats. It is concluded that the serum alkaline phosphatase increase during
      ethinyl estradiol treatment at least in part is from the liver, due to new
      synthesis.

PMID- 675719
TI  - Population growth in the United States and Canada.

PMID- 675720
TI  - International birth and death rates.

PMID- 675721
TI  - Hazards in coal mining.

PMID- 675722
TI  - Health maintenance organizations (HMOs).

PMID- 675723
TI  - Motorcycle accident fatalities.

PMID- 675724
TI  - [Possibilities, limitations and errors with ultrasound tomography in computer
      assisted treatment planning (author's transl)].
AB  - Ultrasound tomography provides two-dimensional images, true in scale, of
      sonographic interfaces within nearly every sectional plane desired; it has become
      especially important, therefore, in irradiation planning. Complementary to
      results from a therapy simulator, an improvement in localization of tumor and
      target volume or of critical organs and of tissue inhomogeneities is possible.
      The hard-copy of gray-scale sonotomograms furnishes all essential geometric and
      anatomical input data needed for electronic systems used in irradiation planning.
      Technical, physical and diagnostic limitations of the method are stated. The
      possible systematic or technical-instrumental errors in sonographic treatment
      planning are discussed and the necessary calibration controls specified.

PMID- 675725
TI  - [Irradiation planning with ultrasound (author's transl)].
AB  - Sections of the body, being already an integral part of irradiation planning, can
      be obtained by ultrasonic instruments. This method is especially important for
      the representation of organs with a varying state of function or filling and for
      localization of contiguous tumors. After large surgical interventions involving
      an alteration of the anatomical situation, an ultrasonogram will be a valuable
      help for individual treatment planning.

PMID- 675726
TI  - [Tridimensional irradiation planning with Philips TPS and ultrasound gray-scale
      tomography in the course of routine work (author's transl)].
AB  - Extent and location of the target volume as well as the optimum choice of
      radiation and field and the use of wedges or compensation filters are critical
      parameters with respect to the quality of a treatment plan. The latter should
      always take into account the individual topography, even if standard concepts can
      be applied in some cases. We feel that treatment planning in each patient would
      require too much of the staff's time. Therefore equipment that helps to save
      planning time is welcome, particularly if it increases the reliability of the
      final results. In this respect ultrasonic tomography is a useful tool for solving
      many problems. These will be described, discussed and compared with the
      advantages of computerized tomography, which is just being introduced.

PMID- 675727
TI  - [The place of ultrasonic tomography in irradiation planning (author's transl)].
AB  - Therapy-planning frequently requires cross-section sketches of the body in
      correct scale. The use of anatomic-topographic standard cross sections can lead
      to considerable errors in the estimation of the actual position of the organs and
      yields no information on the extension of the pathological process. The kidney,
      the bladder and the prostate were used as examples to demonstrate the capacity of
      ultrasonic tomography to supply all information, including body contour, relevant
      to therapy planning, as long as no limits are set to the procedure, as in the
      thorax area. Ultrasonic tomography can supplement but not replace the
      radiological procedure in therapy-planning.

PMID- 675728
TI  - [Comparison of the results from sonographic and lymphographic examination in
      retroperitoneal tumor formations (author's transl)].
AB  - Retroperitoneal sonographic (grey scale) and lymphographic examination of 51
      patients was performed in a prospective study. With either method, an 1:1
      correlation was detected in 47 patients (92%). In nine cases, sonographic
      examination directly revealed extended tumors, whereas lymphographically only
      lesions within the not-enlarged lymph nodes were represented at the same level.
      Defective lymph nodes with minimum tumorous affection, on the other hand, were
      not detectable by sonography. The indications resulting from these findings are
      defined more precisely with regard to the examinations.

PMID- 675729
TI  - [Ultrasound in tumor diagnostics. Possibilities and problems with regard to
      internal medicine as an example (author's transl)].
AB  - Ultrasound B-scan (real time and gray scale technique) has proved to be a
      noninvasive, low expensive and suitable method in internal tumor diagnostics. The
      most important fields are the diagnosis of pancreatic tumors, of malignant
      lymphomas, of tumors of the kidneys and the adrenal gland. Furthermore there is
      possible the diagnosis of tumors of the liver, the bile ducts, the spleen and the
      thyroid gland. The differentiation between solid and cystic tumors has shown to
      be a domain of ultrasonography. The limitations of the method are caused by the
      relatively bad (lateral) resolution of ultrasonography. Therefore tumors smaller
      than 1.5 cm cannot be diagnosed regularly. There is, moreover, no ultrasonic
      pattern typical of malignancy.

PMID- 675730
TI  - [Ultrasound in mammary diagnostics (author's transl)].
AB  - The technique of ultrasound tomography was tested in nearly 200 patients at our
      institute and was compared to mammography; therefrom additional information was
      obtained for the differentiation of tumors, the site of which had been
      unfavorable to mammography. Differential diagnosis of solid tissues and cysts
      also is possible in this way, especially in voluminous breasts which are a
      difficult case for palpation examination. Ultrasound may be helpful, too, in
      localization for exact puncture. As the final images have shown, gray-scale
      technique offers new possibilities, mainly with the single-scan taking less time
      and having undoubtedly a better resolving power. In diagnostics of early cancer
      or carcinoma in situ, of which, naturally, palpation findings are not existent,
      the method is inferior to mammography and certainly not yet satisfying. Even in
      the case of a known early carcinoma, having been localized by means of a positive
      mammogram, no sonographic correlative can as yet be found. At present, ultrasonic
      diagnostics is insufficient as a sole method for examination of the female
      breast; the technique is evidently useful, however, in case of special problems.

PMID- 675731
TI  - [Ultrasonic diagnostics in the scope of clarification and prognosis of oncologic
      cases (author's transl)].
AB  - By means of ultrasonic diagnosis it is possible to represent neoplasms in the
      abdomen, retroperitoneum and small pelvis. The real-time scanner is utilized in
      tumor localization and search for metastases, whereas an exact measurement of the
      tumor, possible of a representative metastasis, and also the treatment planning,
      are performed with the cross-sectional images from the storage compound scanner.
      Controls during cancer therapy will give information about the therapeutic
      results. Recurrences or newly spread metastases may easily be detected by this
      method in the course of follow-up of the tumor patients.

PMID- 675732
TI  - [Frequency, clinical and radiological symptomatology and therapy of the arm
      oedema combined with mastocarcinoma (author's transl)].
AB  - In comparison with the first statistics published in Goettingen 10 years ago the
      frequency of the arm oedema has increased from 33,5 to 45,3%. Most arm oedemas
      appear within the first observation year after the operation or irradiation.
      Severe arm oedemas appearing immediately after the operation or irradiation as
      well as at a later date after a prolonged interval without any troubles are
      generally combined with a lymphogenic formation of metastases. A comparison of
      the two periods shows a significant difference of degrees within the observed
      groups. During the first observation period from 1950 to 1962, the frequency of
      the severe oedema is 6% higher than during the observation period of 1963 to
      1975.

PMID- 675733
TI  - Electromyography in the estimation of nerve lesions after surgical and radiation
      therapy for breast cancer.
AB  - EMG was performed on the upper extremity of the affected side in 55 breast cancer
      patients who had undergone mastectomy and postoperative radiotherapy. Radical
      mastectomy caused six latissimus pareses out of 26 patients and seven deltoideus
      pareses out of 49 patients. Simple mastectomy caused no pareses. As an early
      complication of radiotherapy five out of 16 patients developed slight EMG
      changes, most often in the biceps brachii muscle, but no clinical pareses were
      observed. In the follow-up group (at least 5 years after primary treatment) 18
      out of 25 patients had varying EMG alterations. The relative frequency of EMG
      findings indicates an increasing number of neural changes caused by radiotherapy
      in the follow-up group. Severe pareses were infrequent as complications of
      radiotherapy. In neurography of the cutaneous branch of n. radialis a diminution
      of the amplitude of the sensory response was found one or two months after
      radiotherapy in the affected side. EMG proved to be useful in estimating both the
      early and late neural complications of primary treatment of breast cancer and in
      evaluating patients' capacity for work.

PMID- 675734
TI  - Changes in cell population of Ehrlich ascites tumor by irradiation.
AB  - Although irradiated cultured cells undergo a limited number of cell divisions
      before their death, there exist several evidences that radiation-sterilized cells
      in solid tumors in animals were eliminated rapidly after irradiation. Experiments
      were performed to investigate whether rapid elimination of cells is observed in
      irradiated Ehrlich ascites tumor cells, but it could not be detected. This might
      be due to the differences of phagocytosis of sterilized cells between solid
      tumors and ascites tumors.

PMID- 675735
TI  - [Tumor affinity of 103 Ru-ruthenocen-derivatives and 67gallium citrate].

PMID- 675736
TI  - The synthesis of 17-substituted 2alpha-chloro-5alpha-androstan-3-ols.

PMID- 675737
TI  - The synthesis of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol-23,23,24,24-t4 of high specific
      activity.
AB  - Catalytic tritium reduction of cholest-5-en-23-yne-3beta,25-diol diacetate (VIII)
      gave cholest-5-ene-3 beta,25-diol diacetate-23,23,24,24-t4 (IX) having a specific
      activity of 92 Ci/mmol. Bromination, dehydrobromination and hydrolysis of the
      labelled material gave cholesta-5,7-diene-3beta,25-diol-23,23,24,24-t4 (XI) which
      was photolyzed to the previtamin and then thermally equilibrated to 25
      hydroxycholecalciferol-23,23,24,24-t4 (I).

PMID- 675738
TI  - A quantitative gas-liquid chromatographic method for the estimation of hecogenin
      and tigogenin in the leaves, juice and sapogenin concentrates of Agave sisalana.
AB  - A gas-liquid chromatographic method has been devised for the routine estimation
      of the hecogenin [3beta-hydroxy-(25R)-5beta-spirostan-12-one] and tigogenin [
      (25R)-5beta-spirostan-3beta-ol] contents of Agave sisalana leaf and juice samples
      and of the crude sapogenin concentrates known as "coffee grounds". Because of
      partial degradation of the sapogenins in the GLC system it was found necessary to
      acetylate the compounds prior to their estimation. In East African samples the
      tigogenin proportion of the total sapogenin content is usually about 10%. At this
      level, the 95% inverse tolerance limits on predicted tigogenin weights are
      approximately +/- 7%.

PMID- 675739
TI  - Microbial transformations of natural antitumor agents. 7. 14-alpha-Hydroxylation
      of withaferin-A by Cunninghamella elegans (NRRL 1393).
AB  - Microbial transformation experiments were conducted with the steroidlactone,
      withaferin-A (1a). Cunninghamella elegans (NRRL 1393) converts withaferin-A into
      two major metabolites, one of which has been indentified as 14alpha
      hydroxywithaferin-A (1b). The metabolite is obtained in 37% yield, and its
      structure was determined on the basis of pmr and mass spectral evidence. The
      metabolite has the same level of antitumor activity as withaferin-A against the
      Sarcoma-180 tumor test system in mice.

PMID- 675740
TI  - A radio-gas chromatographic method for the determination of 11-oxotestosterone in
      fish plasma: its use in confirming estimations by radioimmunoassay.
AB  - A radio-gas chromatographic method has been devised for the estimation of 11
      oxotestosterone (17beta-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3, 11-dione) in fish plasma samples
      which provides an independent means of validating the radioimmunoassay described
      earlier. Estimates of the concentration of 11-oxotestosterone in a sample of male
      rainbow trout plasma by radio-gas chromatography using peak height and peak
      weight measurements were 6.9 microgram/100 ml and 7.4 microgram/100 ml
      respectively, in good agreement with that of 7.1 microgram/100 ml determined by
      radioimmunoassay.

PMID- 675741
TI  - Aspirin--effective in males threatened with stroke.

PMID- 675742
TI  - Treatment of transient ischemic attacks.

PMID- 675743
TI  - Long term changes in blood pressure and risk of cerebrovascular disease.

PMID- 675744
TI  - Effects of phenobarbital in cerebral ischemia. Part II: restitution of cerebral
      energy state, as well as of glycolytic metabolites, citric acid cycle
      intermediates and associated amino acids after pronounced incomplete ischemia.

PMID- 675746
TI  - Effect of non-respiratory alkalosis on brain tissue and cerebral blood flow in
      rats with damaged blood-brain barrier.
AB  - Acute alterations in plasma bicarbonate concentration have minimal effects on
      intracerebral pH and cerebral blood flow, perhaps due to blood-brain barrier
      mechanisms. To test this hypothesis, the consequences of an acute rise in the
      plasma bicarbonate concentration were studied in anesthetized rats previously
      subjected to an acute pressure pulse in the carotid system with unilateral damage
      to the blood-brain barrier. In rats subjected to a "heavy" hypertensive insult,
      the hemisphere on the side of the lesion showed a lactic acidosis, edema, and a
      depression of cerebral blood flow. An increase in the plasma bicarbonate
      concentrations of 15--20 mEq/1 during 35 minutes provoked a marked rise in the
      total CO2 content of this hemisphere, and a further increase in the lactate
      concentration, but did not later the brain edema nor affect further the already
      very low cerebral blood flow. An increase in the lactate concentration and a
      decrease of cerebral blood flow in the "reference" hemisphere indicated that the
      lesion was not completely unilateral. In rats subjected to a "moderate"
      hypertensive insult the changes were less pronounced and statistically not
      significant for all the parameters. There results illustrate the importance of an
      intact blood-brain barrier for the maintenance of intracerebral pH in the face of
      acute alterations in plasma [HCO3]. The impaired cerebral blood flow after an
      acute hypertensive insult did not appear to be influenced by the intracerebral
      [HCO3].

PMID- 675745
TI  - Effects of acute hypertension on brain metabolism in normotensive, renovascular
      hypertensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats.
AB  - Effects of angiotensin-induced acute hypertension on cerebral metabolism were
      studied in normotensive (NTR), spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and experimental
      renovascular hypertensive rats (RHR). Lactate, pyruvate and adenosine
      triphosphate (ATP) concentrations in the brain frozen in situ at 18--20 min after
      angiotensin infusion, which raised mean arterial pressure (MAP) by 28--62% of
      control, were determined by enzymatic methods. Supratentorial lactate was
      significantly increased to 135% of control in RHR, its increase being correlated
      with the degree of hypertension, wherease it remained unchanged in NTR or SHR.
      Furthermore, RHR showed a tendency toward increase in lactate/pyruvate ratio with
      a decrease in ATP despite no change of arterial acid-base balance measured
      simultaneously before and after acute induced hypertension. From the present
      study, it is postulated that some renal factor seems to contribute ischemic
      metabolic changes in RHR following acute hypertension. The possible effect of
      renin on the vascular permeability is discussed as the pathogenesis of
      hypertensive encephalopathy.

PMID- 675747
TI  - Relationship between ophthalmic artery blood flow and recanalization of occluded
      carotid artery. Ultrasonic Doppler study.
AB  - Ophthalmic artery blood flow in 5 patients with internal carotid artery occlusion
      of sudden onset was monitored by an ultrasonic Doppler flowmeter to investigate
      the possible relationship to spontaneous recanalization of the occluded artery.
      The occluded internal carotid arteries of 2 patients were confirmed
      angiographically to recanalize and the reversed flow of their ophthalmic arteries
      changed to physiological flow after the recanalization. The ophthalmic artery
      blood flow remained reversed in 2 patients whose occluded internal carotid
      arteries did not recanalize on the follow up angiograms. In the other patient,
      whose ophthalmic artery blood flow was not detected by the ultrasonic Doppler
      flowmeter in the acute stage, physiological flow through the ophthalmic artery
      was detected later. The occluded internal carotid artery did not recanalize and
      this physiological ophthalmic artery blood flow was filled through the circle of
      Willis.

PMID- 675749
TI  - Importance of the hematocrit as a risk factor in cerebral infarction.
AB  - The relationship between the indicence of cerebral infarction and the hematocrit
      was studied using 432 consecutive autopsied patients with the average age of 77.1
      years. The incidence of cerebral infraction was higher in patients with
      hematocrit values of more than 46%, (the average in younger adult subjects). The
      increase in the frequency of cerebral infarction with high hematocrit values was
      more conspicuous in patients with severe cerebral atherosclerosis than in those
      with slight cerebral atherosclerosis. High blood pressure per se did not
      influence the relationship between the hematocrit value and the incidence of
      cerebral infarction. With hematocrit values of more than 41%, cerebral infarction
      occurred more frequently in patients over 78 years of age than in the younger
      patients, but the difference was not significant statistically. High hematocrit
      values are associated with a higher risk of cerebral infarction in deep
      subcortical structures of the brain than for cartical infarctions. The
      pathogenetic and preventive implications of these results are discussed in the
      light of blood rheology.

PMID- 675748
TI  - Comparative angiographic and histological evaluations of intracranial
      atherosclerosis in hypertensive and normotensive subjects.
AB  - Cerebral atherosclerosis without luminal narrowing has been found macroscopically
      and by angiographic examinations in some patients with cerebral hemorrhage. In
      order to clarify the histology of non-stenotic atherosclerosis of the cerebral
      vessels, we examined cleared specimens and serial sections of the main trunks of
      the cerebral arteries. The middle cerebral artery was selected in 20 cases of
      cerebral hemorrhage and 7 cases of cerebral infarction. Non-stenotic
      atherosclerosis was found frequently in cases of cerebral hemorrhage, while most
      patients with cerebral infarction showed stenotic cerebral atherosclerosis. We
      counted the numbers of medial smooth muscle cells in 10 autopsied cases of
      cerebral hemorrhage and 6 of cerebral infraction. The mean numbers of smooth
      muscle cells per unit area in the patient with cerebral hemorrhage were less than
      those in cerebral infraction. In cerebral hemorrhage, the main trunks of the
      cerebral arteries were dilated, probably as a result of the damage to medial
      muscle cells and higher blood pressure during the course of intimal thickening.
      It is considered that arterial hypertension spreads to the peripheral, small
      arteries through the main trunks without luminal narrowing of the cerebral
      vessels.

PMID- 675750
TI  - Cardiac arrhythmias in acute stroke.
AB  - Cardiac arrhythmias were more frequent (p less than 0.001) in 312 stroke patients
      admitted to an intensive care stroke unit, than in 92 patients admitted to the
      unit and subsequently found not to have strokes. This significant difference
      remained when a stroke subgroup and the non-stroke group were matched for age,
      sex and duration of stay in the unit (P less than 0.005). Hypertension and
      hypertensive cardiac disease were more common in the stroke than in the non
      stroke patients (P less than 0.001). Ectopic beats and atrial fibrillation, as
      well as other arrhythmias, were most frequent in patients with cerebral
      hemisphere infarction, and patients with hemispheric lesions had significantly
      more arrhythmias than those with brain stem lesions (P less than 0.05). The
      arrhythmias were rarely (2%) responsible for hemodynamic ischemic cerebrovascular
      lesions, but may have been associated with cerebral embolism in up to 17% of
      cases. The cardiac arrhythmias appeared to have little influence on the course of
      the subsequent recovery from stroke. Although these arrhythmias frequently
      reflect the high incidence of cardiac disease in stroke patients, in some cases
      they are secondary to the acute cerebrovascular lesion itself.

PMID- 675751
TI  - Platelet and antiplatelet agents in strokes.

PMID- 675752
TI  - [Size correlations of the bones of the hand and of the long tubular bones of the
      upper extremities (determination of body length by the bones of the hand)].

PMID- 675753
TI  - [Net mass of the atria, a supplementary criterion of lesser circulation
      hypertension].

PMID- 675754
TI  - [Morphometry of the normal heart].

PMID- 675755
TI  - [Importance of roentgenography in the expert evaluation of living persons with
      facial injuries].

PMID- 675756
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of the results from the methods and their modifications
      used for determining Gc system phenotypes].

PMID- 675757
TI  - [Determination of Hp and Gc groups of liquid blood by vertical electrophoresis in
      1 polyacrylamide gel block].

PMID- 675758
TI  - [Forensic medical importance of alcoholic cardiopathy].

PMID- 675759
TI  - [Quantitative determination of amitriptyline in cadaveric material].

PMID- 675760
TI  - [Detection of finlepsin in cadaveric material].

PMID- 675761
TI  - [Isolation of barbamyl and barbital from biological material by a gel
      chromatographic method].

PMID- 675762
TI  - [Effect of ethanol as a preservative on the retention of triftazin and tizercin
      in cadaveric material].

PMID- 675763
TI  - [Discrimination of an electrocution mark from a laser mark].

PMID- 675764
TI  - [Histological study of the tongue for determining the intravital nature of the
      bite].

PMID- 675765
TI  - [Injuries to corpses from animals].

PMID- 675766
TI  - [State of the lymphatic system of the heart in sudden death (a practical case)].

PMID- 675767
TI  - [Determination of sex and body length by scapular parameters].

PMID- 675768
TI  - Death attitudes and experiences of rehabilitation counselors.
AB  - A survey of the death attitudes and experiences of 54 rehabilitation counselors
      indicated that their personal beliefs could potentially influence service to
      disabled people, particularly in the areas of terminal illness and suicide. To
      balance such influence, contined training of counselors and research efforts
      concerning this problem are recommended.

PMID- 675769
TI  - Auditing the quality of care of a crisis center.
AB  - The purpose of this paper is twofold: First, it defines and describes different
      types of audits and areas of patient care which lend themselves to a quality of
      performance review. Second, it describes an audit application at a hospital-based
      crisis intervention center and the corrective action taken on the basis of the
      findings. The major emphasis of the  audit was to determine the quality of
      medical-psychiatric consultation and to develop criteria for its initiation.

PMID- 675770
TI  - Multiple suicide attempts and informal labeling: an exploratory study.
AB  - Attempted suicide is considered to be a form of deviant behavior. Multiple
      suicide attempts are evaluated within the labeling perspective. Specifically, it
      is determined if labeling theory can explain acts of repeated suicide attempts as
      a form of deviance. Two hypotheses are created to test the influence of informal
      labeling on multiple suicide attempts. Family and friends constitute the
      categories most important in informal labeling. Labeling by them is measured
      through a series of behavioral scales. It is hypothesized that the greater the
      labeling by each of these categories, the greater the likelihood of recurrence of
      attempted suicide. It is also predicted that the greater the "self concept as
      suicidal," the greater the likelihood of recurrence. Labeling by family and
      friends was found to be significantly related to repeat. Conclusions about the
      relationship between "suicidal self-concept" and repeat were not drawn.

PMID- 675771
TI  - Suicide attempts by rock-climbing falls.
AB  - The true intent of a suicidal act is sometimes masked by it appearing as an
      "accident". Two cases are reported that present a unique opportunity to study
      suicide attempts that took the form of rock-climbing "falls" and to study the two
      people who chose this way to die. Rock-climbing falls, occasionally speculated
      about as possible suicidal equivalents yet having no recognition as such in the
      literature, are illustrated as methods used by these impulsive, action-oriented
      and risk-taking people.

PMID- 675772
TI  - Death by hand grenade: altruistic suicide in combat.
AB  - Durkheim's theory of suicide is examined as it bears on the concept of altruistic
      suicide. A subtype called heroic altruistic suicide or self-sacrifice is
      identified. Relationships are hypothesized between cohesion and self-sacrifice
      and rank and self-sacrifice, and they are tested in combat situations, utilizing
      official published information on the Congressional Medal of Honor. Altruistic
      suicide is found to be higher in more cohesive than in less cohesive groups and
      more likely among enlisted men than among career officers and noncommissioned
      officers. In addition to testing hypotheses empirically, this study elaborates
      Durkheim by extending his analysis of altruistic suicide and clarifies his work
      by delineating sources of error in his hypotheses.

PMID- 675773
TI  - Coping with grief as "bearing up" and "bearing down": an exchange on James Agee's
      A Death in the Family.

PMID- 675774
TI  - The changing hearing aid delivery system.

PMID- 675775
TI  - Phacoemulsification of infantile cataracts.

PMID- 675776
TI  - Corneal contracts -- to flex or not to flex.

PMID- 675777
TI  - The use of sympathetic nervous system agents in the treatment of glaucoma.

PMID- 675778
TI  - Naso-orbital fractures.

PMID- 675780
TI  - Submental lipectomy.

PMID- 675779
TI  - Malignant melanomas of the paranasal sinuses.

PMID- 675781
TI  - The neglected special sense.

PMID- 675782
TI  - Unsuspected foreign bodies of the aerodigestive tract.

PMID- 675783
TI  - Penetrating ocular injuries: current concepts in surgical management.

PMID- 675784
TI  - Frontal sinus obliteration without osteoplastic flap.

PMID- 675785
TI  - Otologic evaluation at a school for the deaf.

PMID- 675786
TI  - Consequences of helminth aggregation for the dynamics of schistosomiasis.
AB  - The distribution of schistosome worms among their human hosts is not random but
      aggregated. The consequences of introducing aggregation into models of
      schistosomiasis transmission, especially that of Macdonald, are explored. There
      are two possibilities for aggregation, with the sexes distributed either
      independently or together. Both have profound though differing effects on the
      breakpoint concept, which is largely destroyed when the sexes are aggregated
      together, and Macdonald's epidemiological conclusions are not robust to
      variations from the Poisson distribution. The conclusion from his model that if
      schistosome densities in man are reduced appropriately the infection will
      spontaneously proceed to extinction even in the presence of conditions suitable
      for transmission, is also not therefore robust.

PMID- 675787
TI  - Virus-like rods associated with salivary gland hyperplasia in tsetse, Glossina
      pallidipes.
AB  - Long, virus-like rods were discovered in hyperplastic salivary glands of Glossina
      pallidipes Austen from Kibwezi Forest (2 degrees 27' S, 37 degrees 55' E), Kenya.
      The glands were enlarged up to four times the normal diameter. This increase in
      size was due to a cellular proliferation of the glandular epithelial cells and
      hypertrophy of their nuclei and cytoplasm. Nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions
      were present in the enlarged cells but were not found in cells of normal-sized
      glands. Electron microscopy revealed many virus-liked rods in the abnormal
      glands. Males with such glands were often completely sterile. Abnormal growth of
      the ovarioles was a significant feature of young females with hyperplastic
      glands. Both sexes of wild and laboratory-bred flies were found with enlarged
      glands. One way of transmission of the trait seems to be from mother to progeny.

PMID- 675788
TI  - Scolicidal effects of Cetrimide (R) on hydatid cyst (Echinococcus granulosus).

PMID- 675789
TI  - Homologous passive cutaneous anaphylactic reactions to Toxocara canis in mice.

PMID- 675790
TI  - A quick and easy method to determine the sporozoite index in mosquitoes.

PMID- 675791
TI  - Human hydatid disease in Eastern Libya.

PMID- 675792
TI  - Anthrax meningitis.

PMID- 675793
TI  - Prevalence of hydatid disease in Syria and Jordan: preliminary results.

PMID- 675794
TI  - Entamoeba and Trypanosoma as possible vectors of hepatitis viruses.

PMID- 675795
TI  - Autogeny in East African Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus (=fatigans)

PMID- 675796
TI  - Detection of H-Y antigen by fluorescence microscopy.
AB  - A rapid and reproducible fluorescence microscopic technique has been devised to
      demonstrate H-Y antigen on membranes of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
      In 11 male subjects, 20 to 32% of mononuclear cells were positive for H-Y
      antigen, whereas less than 1% of such cells from 6 female donors were seen to be
      stained.

PMID- 675797
TI  - HLA-independent cell-mediated alloimmunity detected by a microcytotoxicity assay.

PMID- 675798
TI  - The provision of clinical laboratory services in developing countries.

PMID- 675799
TI  - The feasibility of using the fibreoptic gastroscope in a small hospital in a
      developing country.

PMID- 675800
TI  - Fibreoptic gastroduodenoscopy.

PMID- 675801
TI  - Epidural anaesthesia in an up-country hospital.

PMID- 675802
TI  - Corrosive oesophagitis in Nigeria.

PMID- 675803
TI  - Review of 70 cases of ruptured uterus in Cameroun.

PMID- 675804
TI  - Management of moderately severe dehydration by continuous intra-gastric infusion
      of electrolyte solution.

PMID- 675805
TI  - Ante-natal card for developing countries.

PMID- 675806
TI  - Care of the low birthweight infant in Nigeria.

PMID- 675807
TI  - Paramedical training in Guyana and the future of medical auxiliaries.

PMID- 675808
TI  - The epidemiology of female genital mutilations.

PMID- 675809
TI  - Vertical integration for providing health services in developing countries.

PMID- 675810
TI  - Practice of phototherapy for neonatal jaundice.

PMID- 675811
TI  - Guadalcanal earthquake.

PMID- 675812
TI  - Who is a tropical doctor?

PMID- 675813
TI  - Some aspects of psychiatry in the Sudan.

PMID- 675814
TI  - Training on the spot: Swiss development aid in Tanzania.

PMID- 675815
TI  - Use of drugs in developing countries.

PMID- 675816
TI  - A system for drug administration.

PMID- 675817
TI  - Nurse practitioners in Ghana.

PMID- 675818
TI  - A case of multiple xanthomata from Indonesia.

PMID- 675819
TI  - Haemoglobin S in Malays and Indians: association of Hb CoSp and Hb S in a Malay
      family.
AB  - Four cases of Hb S were seen between Jan. 1976 and June 1976; three of them were
      newly discovered while the fourth was previously diagnosed. Out of the four
      cases, two were Malays and the other Indians. The family members of one Malay
      case were investigated. Six members had Hb S and three had Hb CoSp. Association
      of Hb CoSp and Hb S was seen in two of the members. Clinically they were healthy.

PMID- 675820
TI  - Naturally acquired measles immunity in Nepal and Sri Lanka.
AB  - Serological surveys of naturally acquired measles antibodies in children 6--72
      months of age were done in Nepal and Sri Lanka. The prevalences of naturally
      acquired measles immunity are compared by age groups with serological studies
      done in other countries. Suggestions are made regarding age ranges for measles
      vaccination programs.

PMID- 675821
TI  - Some socio-psychiatric attributes of patients utilizing the facilities of the
      traditional healers in the city of Ibadan.
AB  - The socio-psychiatric attributes of 103 patients found with the traditional
      healers in the city of Ibadan, Nigeria are reported. The patients were from all
      shades of educational and social status. Almost all their in-patients were
      psychotics while the neurotics were treated as outpatients. The implications of
      these findings for collaboration between western trained physicians and
      traditional healers are discussed.

PMID- 675823
TI  - Ethiopian experience in health manpower training. A review of the Public Health
      College.
AB  - Health manpower development in Ethiopia, mainly the paramedical personnel
      training programmes of the Public Health College, is reviewed and discussed. The
      'health team' training programme in Gondar is the most practical and a
      significant development in the field of paramedical training for developing
      countries. The pattern and experience of the Gondar training programme could
      contribute to the world's knowledge of training and utilization of health teams
      for rural health services. It could serve as a model, with appropriate
      modifications, for other developing countries. The 'team' approach during
      training and services, the Health Officer, supported by paramedical personnel,
      who serves as the team leader, and the gradual development of medical education
      are realistic, and effective means for producing health manpower in the
      developing countries. The establishment of a definite career structure, with
      prospects for future continuing professional advancement, respectable status,
      appropriate authority, adequate technical supervision, administrative support,
      decent working and living conditions are vital for the success of this programma
      in Ethiopia.

PMID- 675822
TI  - Machakos project studies. Agents affecting health of mother and child in a rural
      area of Kenya. IV: The epidemiology of pertussis.

PMID- 675824
TI  - Epilepsy in Africa. Epidemiology of epilepsy in developing countries in Africa.

PMID- 675825
TI  - Endemic familial arthritis of Malnad an outbreak in Southern India.
AB  - An outbreak of a peculiar joint disease affecting the hip and knee had occurred
      during the last decade or so, afflicting about 140 families in parts of Malnad in
      Southern India. Results of epidemiological studies suggest that a recent change
      in the environment had perhaps precipitated the disease in a genetically
      susceptible population.

PMID- 675826
TI  - The prevalence of inguinal hernia in adult Ghanaian males.
AB  - Indirect inguinal hernia imposes a heavy patient caseload on surgical services in
      Africa. This study, conducted in rural southern Ghana in 1973, showed a marked
      increase in prevalence in adult males aged 55 years and older. In contrast,
      hospitalized patients undergoing herniorrhaphy in Accra were evenly distributed
      through all age groups. As hospital services expand and rural patients have
      better access to surgical care, recent innovations such as short stay surgery may
      be important for coping with rising patient demand.

PMID- 675827
TI  - Waardenburg's syndrome in Kenyan Africans.
AB  - Waardenburg's syndrome is characterized by deafness and pigment disorders of the
      eyes, hair and skin. Two types are distinguished; e.g. type I with dystopia
      canthorum and type II without dystopia canthorum. In Kenya 12 out of 724 pupils
      of schoools for the deaf were found to suffer from the syndrome. Ten of these
      belonged to eight families; 20 other members of these families had signs of the
      syndrome. Of these 30 patients 18 had type I, 12 type II. The expression of most
      characteristics in these Kenyan patients was almost the same as in Caucasians.
      The mode of inheritance was autosomal dominant, as in Caucasians. The interocular
      distances were measured in 168 healthy children and adults of the Luo tribe. In
      most age groups slightly larger values were found than in the Caucasian race. For
      the diagnosis of dystopia canthorum this should be taken into account.

PMID- 675828
TI  - Remittant diabetes mellitus in Nigeria.
AB  - Forty three newly diagnosed non-obese Nigerian diabetic patients (20 males and 23
      females), who required insulin for initial control, were left without dietary
      control and were followed up for a minimum period of one and half years in each
      case. Four patients (9.3%) are in true remissions up to the time of writing.
      Eight other patients (18.6%) went through varying periods of apparent remissions
      of between three months and 19 months. It seems that even non-obese Nigerian
      diabetics may remit despite a free diet and initial need for insulin. The reasons
      for diabetic remissions remain largely unexplained but may be related, in
      Nigeria, to the aetiological nature of diabetes mellitus in this part of the
      world.

PMID- 675829
TI  - Falls from trees.
AB  - A prospective review of sixty consecutive patients who fell out of trees in a
      year was made. Fall from tree is an occupational hazard of traditional farmers, a
      rare cause of trauma, but a common cause of severe, crippling and often multiple
      injuries. It frequently resulted in spinal injury, and was the commonest cause of
      traumatic quadriplegia and paraplegia. The risk of fall and of sustaining spinal
      injury increased with age. Some school children also fell from fruit trees but
      they generally stood a better chance of getting away with relatively minor
      injuries. Methods of preventing or minimising the risk of this injury in farmers
      are highlighted.

PMID- 675830
TI  - Affections of conjunctiva and cornea in Bendel State of Nigeria.
AB  - A review of conjunctival, episcleral and corneal diseases seen in Bendel State in
      the South of Nigeria shows significant differences in the pattern of
      conjunctional and corneal diseases. Onchocerciasis and trachoma which cause much
      ocular morbidity and blindness in the savannah north have little place in the
      rain forest areas of southern Nigeria. The relative rarity of herpetic dendritic
      ulcers and corneal dystrophies are highlighted while the major indication for
      keratoplasty in southern Nigeria is leucoma associated with measles or trauma.
      The place of measles immunisation, improved nutrition and treatment for
      xerophthalmia is emphasized.

PMID- 675831
TI  - Factors in the aetiology of chronic duodenal ulcer in Ibadan.
AB  - The aetiological factors at work in Nigerians with duodenal ulcer were examined.
      Stress and dietary factors were found to be major agents in the precipitation of
      exacerbations and recurrences of symptoms. Of the dietary agents, chillies and
      cassava preparations in the form of 'eba' and 'gari' are potent ulcerogenic food
      substances. Aspirin, alcohol and smoking also contribute to the worsening of the
      conditions but are not major factors.

PMID- 675832
TI  - Thyroid carcinoma in Kenya.
AB  - Between 1964 and 1969 thyroid carcinoma was diagnosed in 63 Kenyans of African
      origin. The majority of tumours were differentiated in structure. Papillary
      carcinoma predominated in lowland tribal groups; follicular carcinoma in highland
      groups. A possible positive correlation between follicular carcinoma and endemic
      goitre is postulated.

PMID- 675833
TI  - Correlation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency and sickle
      cell trait (Hb-AS).
AB  - 636 normal male blood donors were studied for haemoglobin genotype and G-6-PD
      deficiency. The results show that of 543 subjects with AA haemoglobin, 106
      (19.5%) were G-6-PD deficient and of 93 individuals with AS haemoglobin 13
      (14.0%). This difference is not significant.

PMID- 675834
TI  - Epidemiology of poly-parasitism. II. Types of combinations, relative frequency
      and associations of multiple infections.
AB  - Frequency distributions, including all of the observed types of combinations of
      multiple infections with different helminths and protozoa are presented for
      sample villages of the African Savannah and of the trans-Andean part of Peru.
      Measurements of correlation between these infections based on properties of the
      multivariate, multinomial distribution are calculated to show age and sex
      patterns of association in different population samples. A correlation matrix for
      combined infections with Dipetalonema perstans, D. streptocerca and Loa loa, in
      villages in the rain forest of Zaire indicates that there is a statistically
      significant association between the two species of Dipetalonema and L. loa. There
      is also a strong association between the numbers of the microfilariae of D.
      perstans and D. streptocerca in multiply infected individuals. This correlation
      is strong only in the rain forest; it is insignificant in the other ecological
      zones of Bas-Zaire included in the study. The data suggest that there may be
      selective host factors that influence the extent, distribution and the types of
      multiple infections in a community.

PMID- 675835
TI  - Epidemiology of poly-parasitism. III. Effects on the diagnostic capacity of
      immunological tests.
AB  - The paper describes some effects of interaction between different types of
      parasitic infections on the diagnostic capacity of immunological tests for
      parasitic diseases. Examples shown include an analysis of association for anergy
      to tuberculin in skin tests of individuals with and without skin manifestations
      of onchocerciasis; skin tests with P. westermani and C. sinensis antigens to
      detect double infections in patients harbouring both trematodes; geographical
      evaluation of the sensitivity of the complement fixation (CF) test for
      schistosomiasis with S. mansoni antigen between different communities in Chad;
      reduced sensitivity of the CF test for schistosomiasis in patients with confirmed
      schistosomiasis who have also onchocerciasis; studies on the specificity of the
      slide flocculation (SF) test for schistosomiasis in relation to specified
      intestinal parasites and to the presence of antibodies to E. granulosus and T.
      spiralis in villages of Afghanistan; and a study of association between poly
      parasitism and anticomplementary activity in the sera of population samples from
      the African Savannah. The combined investigations indicate that there are large
      dissimilarities in test performance between communities with different disease
      spectra and nutritional status. The findings suggest that polyparasitism
      interferes with immunodiagnostic tests both directly through cross-reactions with
      antigens and antibodies and indirectly through its effects on nutrition and on
      mechanisms affecting the complement system. Large scale screening for parasitic
      diseases with immunodiagnostic tests in areas in which the medical problems are
      not well-known should be prededed by a small, well-planned pilot study in which
      the relative sensitivity and specificity of the test can be determined before its
      use in extensive population studies.

PMID- 675836
TI  - A transepidermal chemotherapy of onchocerciasis.
AB  - Counts of microfilariae in the skin, and histological and electronmicroscopic
      procedures have been used to analyze the response of onchocerciasis patients to
      diethylcarbamazine citrate (DEC) given either orally or topically. Oral
      administration of DRC failed to eliminate all microfilariae. Transepidermal DEC
      resulted in rapid degeneration of microfilariae, and daily single applications of
      the drug greatly reduced or apparently eliminated microfilariae from the skin.
      Following weekly topical applications of a DEC emulsion, effective suppression of
      O. volvulus microfilariae in patients living in a hyperendemic area was
      maintained for many months; and the dermal pathology resolved.

PMID- 675837
TI  - Small-scale trials of six drugs against Onchocerca volvulus.
AB  - Six drugs in common use for the treatment of parasitic infections of man were
      given to 18 adult patients suffering from onchocerciasis. None of the six
      (metronidazole, tinidazole, mebendazole, trichlorophone, oxamniquine and pyrantel
      pamoate) showed any evidence of substantial activity against the microfilariae or
      adult worms of O. volvulus. The mean reduction in skin microfilarial counts a
      week after drug treatment (a measure of microfilaricidal action) was highest in
      patients treated with trichlorophone (47.0%) and mebendazole (40.0%). The rate of
      build-up of microfilariae over a follow-up period of 24 months after treatment
      with the drug under test followed by DEC (a measure of macrofilaricidal action)
      was slowest in the groups treated with metronidazole and trichlorophone (22.9%
      and 27.0% of the pre-treatment counts respectively). These results fall short of
      those expected of drugs with potential value in the treatment of onchocerciasis.

PMID- 675838
TI  - Further studies on the treatment of onchocerciasis with metrifonate.

PMID- 675839
TI  - Metrifonate in onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis.
AB  - Metrifonate, in doses of 10 mg/kg for 3 consecutive days, demonstrated partial
      microfilaricidal activity against Onchocerca volvulus in humans. Higher doses
      were not investigated because of the toxic reactions obtained and the absence of
      monitoring of the blood cholinesterase levels. Spaced doses of 10 mg/kg every 2
      weeks or once monthly up to 3 doses showed neither micro- nor macrofilaricidal
      activity against Wuchereria bancrofti.

PMID- 675840
TI  - Chemotherapeutic studies on Litomosoides carinii infection of Mastomys
      natalensis. 7. Filaricidal activity of furazolidone.
AB  - Investigations were carried out on the filaricidal activity of furazolidone
      against Litomosoides carinii infection in Mastomys natalensis. Oral
      administration of the drug in daily doses of 25, 50, 75, and 150 mg/kg body
      weight on 5 consecutive days revealed respectively 96,4, 99,3 and, with the two
      later doses, 100% reduction of macrofilariae in the pleural cavities, and
      produced a continuing dose-dependant decrease of microfilaraemia in the
      circulating blood. After oral doses of 5 x 50 mg/kg, all the adult parasites were
      killed within two weeks of the start of treatment and were found encapsulated in
      fibrinous masses in the pleural cavities. Deformed and degenerated embryonic
      stages could be seen in female worms as early as 3 days after the end of
      treatment. Furazolidone possesses a considerable chemotherapeutic index.

PMID- 675841
TI  - [Biometrical identification of larval instars of S. damnosum s.I. and S. adersi
      (Diptera: Simuliidae) (author's transl)].
AB  - The biometrical analysis of two characters measured on the postgenae of Simulium
      larvae allow to differentiate the seven larval instars of S. damnosum s.I. and S.
      adersi, and to draw the growth curves of one parameter for the different instars.

PMID- 675842
TI  - Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Eastern Saudi Arabia. Epidemiological and clinical
      features in a nonimmune population living in an endemic area.
AB  - Cutaneous leishmaniasis is endemic in Saudi-Arabia. Nonimmune Europeans and their
      families living temporarily in this area were affected by the disease in great
      number, resembling an epidemic outbreak. Clinical features and treatment of the
      disease, problems of re-infection and immunity, as well as epidemiological
      factors are discussed. Using biochemical methods the parasite was identified as
      Leishmania tropical major.

PMID- 675843
TI  - Immunization against anaplasmosis and babesiosis. Part II. Evaluation of cryo
      preserved vaccines using different doses and routes of inoculation.
AB  - Anaplasma marginale, Babesia argentina and Babesia bigemina infected blood used
      as vaccines for immunization trials in Valle del Cauca, were preserved with 4
      Molar Dimethyl-Sulfoxide (4M DMSO) and stored in liquid nitrogen (-196 degrees
      C). The effectivity of the vaccines was determined in 87 healthy calves utilizing
      serial 10-fold dilutions. The effects of dose, inoculation routes, time and
      temperature were determined. The minimum infective dose for A. marginale was 10(
      3) (2 x 10(6)) when 2 ml of vaccine were given intravenously (i.v.). The same
      dose when given subcutaneously (s.c.) was not infective. The 10(-2) dilution (2 x
      10(7)) was infective when given through both routes, however, the incubation
      periods were statistically different. The average incubation period using 2 ml
      s.c. was 30 days, but when the dose was increased to 5 ml and given s.c. the
      average incubation period decreased to 22 days. The minimum infective doses for
      b. bigemina and B. argentina were 10(-1) dilutions (4 x 10(-7)) and 10(-2) (4 x
      16(6)) respectively, when 2 ml of vaccines were injected i.v.. Infectivity was
      also recorded when Babesia spp. vaccines were injected s.c. at dosages of 5 ml of
      dilution 10(-1) (1 x 10(-8)).

PMID- 675844
TI  - Investigations on the prevalence of trypanosome carriers and the antibody
      response in wildlife in Northern Botswana.
AB  - 605 buffalo, 60 lechwe, 23 kudu, 23 impala, 15 tsessebe, 22 sable and two
      reedbuck from Northern Botswana were examined for trypanosome infections by
      serological and/or parasitological means. The indirect fluorescent antibody test
      (IFAT), the haematocrit centrifugation technique (HCT) and rodent subinoculation
      were used. The overall prevalence of patent infection with trypanosomes in
      buffalo, lechwe and reedbuck was 15,7%. In the case of buffalo and lechwe it was
      possible to classify their origin into high and low tsetse fly density areas.
      Serological and parasitological results showed a significantly higher prevalence
      of infections in areas with a high fly density. Buffalo showed a predominance of
      infections with Trypanosoma (Duttonella) vivax and T. (Nannomonas) congolense,
      while in lechwe infections with T. (Trypanozoon) brucei were as frequent. Strains
      of T. (T.) brucei isolated from buffalo, unlike those from lechwe, failed to
      infect rodents, 6 strains from lechwe proved sensitive to human serum (Blood
      Incubation Infectivity Test). Parasitological positive cases, antibody response
      and the age of buffalo were correlated. The number of patent infections in
      animals over one year rose to a peak at the age of 2 1/2 years and dropped
      steadily in the older buffalo. The frequency of positive antibody titres and
      their levels also increased after the first years of age, reached its peak at the
      age of four years an then persisted for the rest of the animals' life.
      Serological tests carried out on serum samples of the remaining species showed
      that kudu were more frequently infected than impala, tsessebe or sable.

PMID- 675845
TI  - Determination of volumes of Trypanosoma vivax and T. congolense separated from
      cattle blood.
AB  - Trypanosomes were separated on DEAE cellulose columns from blood samples taken
      during the first parasitemic wave in T. vivax or T. congolense infected cattle.
      The mean volume of T. vivax organisms in five steers increased from 16.3 fl SE
      0.7 on day five to 20.7 fl SE 0.7 on day eight. Assuming an even distribution of
      T. vivax throughout the vasculature, the total trypanosome volume at peak
      parasitemia (36.400 trypanosomes per microliter on day six) was calculated to be
      about 0.067% of the blood volume, i.e. 8.0 ml. The mean volume of the separated
      T. congolense organisms was 14.0 fl SE 0.3 on day nine post infection (mean
      parasitemia of 3.100 trypanosomes per microliter blood). The T. congolense
      organisms in the jugular venous blood accounted for about 0.0043% of the jugular
      venous blood volume.

PMID- 675846
TI  - In vitro feeding in the rearing of tsetse flies (Glossina m. morsitans and G.p.
      palpalis, Diptera: Glossinidae).
AB  - The increasing demand for laboratory reared tsetse flies for research and
      biological control makes it necessary to develop effective and standardized
      tsetse fly feeding methods without using live animals for the daily blood uptake.
      The in vitro feeding technique, described in this paper, has been used for
      rearing G. m. morsitans by feeding them defibrinated equine blood through a
      silicone membrane. The results obtained for female longevity and productivity and
      mean weight of puparia are satisfactory. However, feeding defibrinated bovine
      blood results in significantly lighter puparia. A colony of G. p. palpalis
      feeding on defibrinated bovine blood is the only colony of this species that has
      been successfully maintained by in vitro feeding over several years. The survival
      rate of the females being fed defibrinated bovine, equine or porcine blood is
      equal. The number of larvae produced by females being fed defibrinated equine
      blood is significantly lower. Females younger than 50 days produce larvae which
      form a heavier puparia than females aged between 51 to 80 or 100 days,
      irrespective of blood source. Bovine blood used within the first 3 days after its
      collection leads to significantly higher mean weights of puparia than bovine
      blood used therafter. The increasing degree of haemolysis is most probably not
      the reason for this observation. A colony production model based on the
      performance of both species, G. m. morsitans and G. p. palpalis, fed in vitro,
      shows the importance of the first five age group periods (i.e. 45 to 50 days
      after emergence) for the overall performance of the flies. According to the
      results obtained, about 2,3 puparia per female are needed to maintain the same
      number of females in the colony. This level of production is reached in the fifth
      age group period. All larvae produced thereafter are available for colony
      expansion or experimental purposes. Rearing of both species with in vitro feeding
      is now a matter of routine.

PMID- 675847
TI  - Enhancement of the antitumor activity of adriamycin by Tween 80.
AB  - This paper describes the effect of Tween 80 on the antitumor activity and on the
      distribution of adriamycin in mice. The dilution of adriamycin in a 10% water
      solution of Tween 80 produced a significant increase of the antitumor activity in
      mice against ascites tumors (L 1210 leukemia), disseminated leukemias
      (transplanted leukemias originally induced by Gross leukemai virus and Moloney
      leukemia virus), and solid tumors (Sarcoma 180, MS-2 sarcoma). In all these
      experiments the drug was administered i.v., according to different schedules.
      Higher antitumor activity at the optimal dose and an increase of activity at
      lower doses were observed in different experimental systems. Toxicity was also
      slightly enhanced. Tissue distribution was studied in normal mice and in tumor
      bearing mice (Gross leukemia and MS-2 sarcoma). In animals give i.v. adriamycin
      diluted in 10% Tween 80 there was a higher drug concentration in spleen, lung and
      kidney than there was in mice given the drug in a water solution. In all the
      other organs examined (heart, liver, small intestine) and in the MS-2 tumor
      tissue, no significant increase was observed. In L1210 leukemia-bearing mice,
      i.p. treatment with adriamycin diluted in 10% Tween 80 resulted in a
      significantly higher toxicity than that which resulted from treatment with
      adriamycin in a wa ter solution; no increase of antitumor activity was observed.

PMID- 675848
TI  - Carcinoembryonic antigen and cancer: a comparative study.
AB  - The sera of 212 patients with malignant and non-malignant diseases have been
      radioimmunoassayed for the presence of the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) using 3
      different kits produced of Hoffman La Roche, Switzerland (RCK), BY Sorin-IRE,
      Italy and Belgium (SCK), and by the Istituto Sieroterapico Milanese, Italy (ICK).
      In the presence of endodermically-derived system carcinomas, the RCK gave more
      positive results (72.6%) than did the SCK (63.1%) or ICK (56.2%). With regard to
      other carcinomas, ICK (50.0%) and SCK (47.1%) gave better results than did RCK
      (30.6%). The results are discussed in terms of clinical usefulness of the CEA
      assay and as regards reproducibility, procedural advantages, and economical cost
      of each kit. It is concluded that the CEA assay cannot be used for the diagnosis
      of gastrointestinal cancers, although it is useful as a measure of "cancerosity"
      for prognostic purposes. In this sense the double antibody method employed by SCK
      and ICK is clinically more advantageous than is the perchloric acid extraction
      zirconyl phosphate gel precipitation method of RCK.

PMID- 675849
TI  - Failures (cause and time) of radiotherapy in oral cancer.
AB  - The results of retrospective clinical evaluation concerning 434 cases of oral
      carcinomas treated with radiotherapy from January 1959 to December 1967 are
      presented. The analysis of the results obtained shows that radiotherapy alone may
      offer a reasonable possiblity of success in limited lesions (68.3% 5-year
      survival of Stage I patients). In more advanced local cases, and especially those
      with regional adenopathies, radiotherapy alone cannot consistently control the
      disease for a long period of time; 5-year survival from the onset of treatment
      was respectively 36.5% and 24.5% for Stage II and III cases. Moreover, if
      controlateral of bilateral metastatic adenopathies or fixed lymph nodes are
      present, the prognosis becomes dramatic (2.6% 5-year survival of Stage IV
      patients). Among the irradiation techniques currently available, curietherapy
      (intersitial applications or surface molds) presumably offers the best
      possibility of success, since the observed failures, both overall and stage by
      stage, are inferior. Radiotherapy alone may generally be of proven efficacy if
      the local or locoregional extension is limited. In more advanced cases a combined
      surgery-chemotherapy treatment method is recommended. The criteria for a combined
      therapeutic approach for these tumors are also discussed.

PMID- 675850
TI  - Cytopathologic manifestation of uterine leiomyosarcoma. Case report.
AB  - The presence of malignant tumor cells in a vaginal and cervical smear of a 53
      year-old female with vaginal bleeding and with subsequent negative hsitology of
      the scraping material could be later correlated with a leiomyosarcoma of the
      myometrium that produced deep local invasion and pulmonary metastases. The
      findings that favor the cytologic diagnosis of this neoplasm are the presence of
      isolated cells or the side-by-side arrangement of the tumor cells, the elongated
      shape of the cytoplasm, and the ovoidal cigar-shaped nuclei with sparse, coarse
      chromocenters. Cytologic differential diagnosis of other malignant neoplasms
      capable of cellular exfoliation into the vagina is discussed.

PMID- 675851
TI  - Malignant histiocytosis: a clinicopathologic study of 18 consecutive cases.
AB  - The clinical records and histologic material of 18 consecutive patients with
      malignant histiocytosis were reviewed. The age of the patients ranged from 20
      months to 72 years (median 35 years). There were 14 males and 4 females (3.5:1).
      Lymph node and liver enlargement, fever, and skin nodules were the most common
      physical findings; and leukocytosis was frequently the most abnormal laboratory
      test. Seven of 18 patients died, and their survival ranged from 1 to 15 months
      (median 8 months) after histopathologic diagnosis. The histologic findings on
      lymph nodes, spleen, liver, bone marrow, and skin were investigated with special
      reference to both the cellular composition and the pattern of lymph node
      involvement. Vascular invasion of small perinodal vessels was observed in 4 fatal
      cases. The absence of capsular invasion and the lack of cohesiveness among
      atypical proliferating histiocytes of malignant histiocytosis appeared to be
      inconstant. Sequential lymph node biopsies revealed in later stages the extension
      of the histiocytic proliferation from the sinuses into the cords and the complete
      obliteration of the nodal structures. The radiologic investigations yielded
      numerous pathologic findings that were consistent with the dissemination of the
      disease. Complete response to initial treatment was achieved in patients that
      were treated with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. Complete response with
      chemotherapy was achieved only when the treatment included adriamycin. The
      histologic and clinical features of the present  series provide future evidence
      for the recognition of malignant histiocytosis as a distinct clinical and
      pathologic entity.

PMID- 675852
TI  - Cytology in the diagnosis of malignant melanoma.
AB  - Some cytologic criteria useful for routine examinations in the diagnosis of
      malignant melanoma are reported and the diagnostic value of the pre-operatory
      cytologic smears is also emphasized.

PMID- 675853
TI  - Problems with the detection of breast cancer.

PMID- 675854
TI  - Patterns of relapse and survival in operable breast carcinoma with positive and
      negative axillary nodes.

PMID- 675855
TI  - An improved criterion for the evaluation of estrogen receptor binding data in
      human breast cancer.
AB  - The evaluation of the data is an important step in performing the estrogen
      receptor test. For this reason an effort has been made to derive a more reliable
      threshold criteria. Among the parameters considered, Xo, Ka, and BI%, only the
      former 2 appear to be suitable to allow a proper evaluation of the results. From
      the analysis of different types of carcinomatous or normal breast specimens,
      limit values of these parameters have been recovered for positivity and
      negativity of the estrogen receptor test. We found all the samples showing Ka
      less than 1.5 x 10(9) M-1 or Xo less than 5 fmol/mg proteins to be negative,
      those characterized by low values of both the parameters were borderline, and all
      the remaining ones were positive.

PMID- 675856
TI  - Breast cancer in a patient under levodopa treatment.
AB  - A case history of a patient who developed mammary cancer (T1N1bMo) after 5 1/2
      years of continuous treatment with Levodopa for Parkinson's disease is presented.
      The prolactin inhibition by the Levodopa was verified, and the clinical and
      mammographic growth, the doubling time, and the labeling index of the tumor were
      determined. The results were not significantly different than those obtained from
      patients with breast cancer not under treatment with Levodopa. The rapid growth
      and evolution of this tumor suggests that prolactin does not have an inducer or
      promoter effect in mammary cancer.

PMID- 675857
TI  - Stage I melanoma of the limbs: assessment of prognosis by levels of invasion and
      maximum thickness.
AB  - The prognostic significance of 2 histological parameters, level of invasion and
      maximum thickness is evaluated in 248 cases of malignant melanoma of the limbs
      staged T1-3NoMo which were collected for Trial No. 1 of the W.H.O. Collaborating
      Centres for the Evaluation of Methods of Diagnosis and Treatment of Melanoma
      between September 1967 and December 1974. There is a linear relation of tumor
      thickness to mortality with a high statistical significance (P = 0.0002).
      Mortality also increases with progression of the level of invasion. The incidence
      of occult metastases to the regional lymph nodes increases with increasing
      thickness or level of invasion. Moreover the age and sex corrected survival
      curves are also dependent on both parameters. The comparison of the 2 methods
      revealed that maximal tumor thickness is a more powerful measure of prognosis
      than is the determination of the level of invasion.

PMID- 675858
TI  - Comparative aspects of pigmented nevi in children, youths and adults.
AB  - Clinicomorphological correlations in children of different ages, youths, and
      adults with various pigmented nevi are analyzed to determine the diagnostic
      significance of certain structures. The study included 129 pigmented nevi
      surgically removed from 122 children, 27 from youths, and 133 from adult
      subjects. A comparative analysis of the reasons that caused the removal of the
      pigmented nevi made it possible to clarify a number of peculiarities of pigmented
      nevi in children that play an important role in the clinical and diagnostic
      aspects, as well as the decision of management policy. For diagnostic purposes,
      in the evaluation of pigmented nevi in children, particular attention should not
      be paid to the marked cellular proliferation of junctional melanoblasts, invasion
      of the epidermis by nevus cells, and pigmentation of the epidermis by melanin.

PMID- 675859
TI  - Prognostic value of lymphography in cervical cancer.

PMID- 675860
TI  - Relationship between curative radiation therapy of paravertebral tumors and the
      incidence of radiation myelitis.
AB  - The literature about radiation damage to the spinal cord is reviewed and 4 of own
      cases are presented. It is pointed out that in curative radiation therapy the
      risk of myelitis that accompanies higher spinal cord doses must be weighed
      against the therapeutic gains. However, in view of the lack of information about
      radiation damage to the spinal cord, this may be quite difficult.

PMID- 675861
TI  - The role of irradiation in the management of head and neck cancer: analysis of
      results and causes of failure.
AB  - The records of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity,
      oropharynx, supraglottic and glottic larynx, whose primary lesion was treated
      with radiation therapy from 1964 through 1973, were reviewed. End points of the
      study are local control rate at the primary site, ultimate control with surgical
      salvage, and causes of failure. The local control rate at the primary site was
      90% for T1 lesions, 80% for T2 lesions, and approximately 70% for selected T3
      lesions. The control rates for the advanced T3 and T4 lesions are unsatisfactory;
      therefore, preoperative or postoperative irradiation is combined with appropriate
      surgical procedures to improve the local control rates and in some instances
      survival rates. Analysis of cervical node metastases treatment shows that the
      incidence of local recurrence in the radically dissected neck can be
      significantly reduced with either pre- or postoperative irradiation. Elective
      irradiation of initially clinically uninvolved areas of the neck (both
      ipsilateral and contralateral) has almost eliminated subsequent nodal metastases.

PMID- 675862
TI  - Malignant lymphoplasmacytoid lymphomas. Clinical and evolutive data.
AB  - A series of 31 cases of malignant lymphoplasmacytoid lymphomas (excluding
      Waldenstrom disease) is analyzed. Two-thirds of the patients initially had
      localizations elsewhere than in the lymph nodes and presented clinical stage I or
      II. The median survival is around 4 years and is particularly favorable for stage
      I and II patients who have received an association of radiotherapy and systematic
      chemotherapy; the estimated "cure rate" for these patients is around 80%.

PMID- 675863
TI  - Cytogenetic study of pleural effusions.
AB  - Chromosome analysis of effusions has been recently regarded as useful means in
      the diagnosis of cancer. Cytological and cytogenetic findings of 19 pleural
      effusions from patients with benign and malignant diseases are compared.
      Conventional cytology does not always give correct positive results because of
      the high percentage of false negatives, whereas cytogenetic analysis reveals a
      considerable spread of the chromosome number in neoplastic fluid, with structural
      chromosome changes, marker chromosomes and minute fragments. Absence of mitosis
      does not exclude the malignant etiology of the effusion when the patient had been
      previously treated with antineoplastic drugs. Benign diseases were never falsely
      classified as malignant by cytogenetic analysis.

PMID- 675864
TI  - [Translabyrinthine removal of tumors of the acoustic nerve].

PMID- 675865
TI  - [Renal papillary necrosis and consumption of phenacetin].

PMID- 675866
TI  - [Profound sedative hypothermia. Prolonged lifelessness below 27 degrees C without
      neurologic manifestations].

PMID- 675867
TI  - [Difficulties in diagnosis of meningitis. An analysis based upon the diagnosis on
      admission of 212 patients with meningitits].

PMID- 675868
TI  - [Nephrotomography in assessment of blunt injury of kidneys].

PMID- 675869
TI  - [Metastasizing meningioma].

PMID- 675870
TI  - [What do we know about--artificial nourishment of babies?].

PMID- 675871
TI  - [Drugs and chronic kidney damages].

PMID- 675872
TI  - [Service in general practice. A consumer investigation].

PMID- 675873
TI  - [Development of service in health sector. Results of the Delfi investigation in
      1977 by the Danish Medical Association].

PMID- 675874
TI  - Novel ultrasonic real-time scanner featuring servo controlled transducers
      displaying a sector image.
AB  - This paper describes a new real-time servo controlled sector scanner that
      produces high resolution images and has functionally programmable features
      similar to phased array systems, but possesses the simplicity of design and low
      cost best achievable in a mechanical sector scanner. The unique feature is the
      transducer head which contains a single moving part--the transducer--enclosed
      within a light-weight, hand held, and vibration free case. The frame rate, sector
      width, stop action angle, are all operator programmable. The frame rate can be
      varied from 12 to 30 frames s-1 and the sector width from 0 degrees to 60
      degrees. Conversion from sector to time motion (T/M) modes are instant and two
      options are available, a freeze position high density T/M and a low density T/M
      obtainable simultaneously during sector visualization. Unusual electronic
      features are: automatic gain control, electronic recording of images on video
      tape in rf format, and ability to post-process images during video playback to
      extract T/M display and to change time gain control (tgc) and image size.

PMID- 675875
TI  - The effects of ultrasound on the mechanical properties of rat cardiac muscle.
AB  - The mechanical properties of cardiac muscle during ultrasonic irradiation have
      been studied in vitro. Left anterior papillary muscle from normal rats was
      suspended in buffered lactated Ringers solution equilibrated with 95% O2, and 5%
      CO2 and maintained at 20 degrees C. The muscles were stimulated to contract
      isometrically three times per minute at the length which produced maximum
      tension. Each muscle was irradiated with a MHz ultrasound at an average power of
      2.4 Wcm-2 for a period of 10 min with a 10 min recovery period. Irradiation
      caused an average increase in temperature of the muscle of 1.7 +/- 0.2 degrees C
      (mean +/- SEM). Irradiation caused the resting tension (1.46 +/- 0.13g) to
      decrease by 17.8 +/- 4.7% and the developed tension (3.33 +/- 0.61g) to decrease
      by 4.1 +/- 0.9%. Since changes in contractile properties have been reported with
      temperature the bath temperature was raised and changes in contraction observed.
      When compensated for effects of temperature, the changes in resting tension
      became - 13.3 +/- 4.1% while the change in developed tension became + 1.6 +/-
      2.3%. The change in resting tension is highly significant (p less than 0.05
      paired t-test) while the change in developed tension is not. Thus 1 MHz
      ultrasound at an intensity of 2.4 Wcm-2 appears to affect resting tension of
      cardiac muscle without affecting the active tension. Since changes in cardiac
      mechanics of this type have not been described previously the effects of
      ultrasound appears to be unique.

PMID- 675876
TI  - Sleep, mood, and fatigue during a 14-day He-O2 open-sea saturation dive to 850
      fsw with excursions to 950 fsw.
AB  - To obtain information on sleep, mood, and performance of divers and surface
      support personnel during deep dives in the open sea, 12 divers and 12 surface
      support personnel were monitored during a 14-day open-sea saturation dive using
      the U.S. Navy Deep Diving System, Mark 2, Mod O. Divers lived in the deck
      decompression chambers at 850 fsw equivalent and made 5 days of excursion wet
      dives to approximately 950 fsw via the Personnel Transfer Capsule.
      Electroencephalographic and self-report measures of sleep, and measures of mood,
      anxiety, and 4-choice reaction time performance were obtained during a predive
      base-line period and throughout the dive and decompression. Results suggested
      that, unless personnel are rotated, there are limitations to the practical
      duration of very deep open-sea saturation dives caused by the accumulation of
      sleep debt, fatigue, and loss of psychological vigor.

PMID- 675877
TI  - Relationship between pressure-reduction magnitude and stop time during stage
      decompression.

PMID- 675878
TI  - Reduction of the incidence of decompression sickness in rats by smooth-muscle
      activating factor (SMAF).
AB  - Normal rats were injected with a smooth-muscle activating factor (SMAF) to
      examine the dose-response relationshio of SMAF to the incidence of decompression
      sickness. After injections of saline or 1.0, 5.0, or 10.0 mg/kg SMAF, the animals
      were compressed to 6 ATA breathing air for 1 h and were then rapidly decompressed
      to 1 ATA. Results indicate that predive injections of SMAF or exposure to the
      SMAF substance protected rats against decompression sickness and that higher
      doses appear to offer more protection.

PMID- 675879
TI  - Incidence of dysbaric osteonecrosis in Hawaii's diving fishermen.

PMID- 675880
TI  - Effect of heat and cold stress on inert gas (133xenon) exchange in the rabbit.

PMID- 675881
TI  - Development of unlimited duration excursion tables and procedures for helium
      oxygen saturation diving.
AB  - Excursion ascents were performed during a series of experimental helium-oxygen
      saturation dives ranging between 150 and 1000 fsw to study the limits of multiple
      and extended duration excursions both deeper and shallower than the saturation
      depth. The distance a diver can safely ascend without decompression following
      saturation was found to be a function of depth, increasing from 75 ft at a
      saturation depth of 225 fsw to 180 ft at 1000 fsw. Initiation of saturation
      decompression immediately after an excursion was found to be safe. This
      information is incorporated into new U.S. Navy Unlimited Duration Excursion
      Tables and Procedures for Saturation Diving.

PMID- 675882
TI  - Observations after loss of consciousness under water.
AB  - Two diving incidents were investigated in which 1) an experienced professional
      diver (A) lost consciousness during an air dive to 69 meters, and 2) an amateur
      sports diver (D) lost consciousness during a 40-meter air dive. In subsequent
      tests both divers' ventilatory responses to inspired carbon dioxide were found to
      be extremely low. Under simulated diving conditions, Divers A and D exhibited
      marked carbon dioxide retention during exercise at 30 meters (end-tidal PCO2 = 65
      and 57 mmHg, respectively) and at 70 meters, Diver A stopped work in less than 3
      min because of severe dizziness. Reduced sensitivity to carbon dioxide, perhaps
      caused by the interaction of hypercapnia and nitrogen narcosis, is thought to
      have been partly responsible for these incidents.

PMID- 675883
TI  - [Infections in the leukemic child (retrospective study of 164 cases)].

PMID- 675884
TI  - [Indomethacin in the closure of patent ductus arteriosus. (apropos of 3 cases)].

PMID- 675885
TI  - [Use of pectin in the treatment of hypoglycemic dumping syndrome].

PMID- 675886
TI  - [Apropos of a case of chromoblastomycosis].

PMID- 675887
TI  - [Evolution of Hodgkin's disease: new concepts].

PMID- 675888
TI  - [Velocity of neural conduction in rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 675889
TI  - [Study of the F wave in the hemiplegic].

PMID- 675890
TI  - [Intractable pain: physiopathology and therapy].

PMID- 675891
TI  - [Normal pulmonary valve].

PMID- 675892
TI  - Arthritis.

PMID- 675893
TI  - Osteoarthrosis: a bioengineering approach to aetiology and treatment.

PMID- 675894
TI  - Joint replacement in Northern Ireland.

PMID- 675895
TI  - A review of the Plummer-Vinson stricture of the cervical oesophagus.

PMID- 675896
TI  - The anatomical variations of the Plummer-Vinson stricture in the cervical
      oesophagus. An X-ray atlas.

PMID- 675897
TI  - Spectrum of multicystic renal dysplasia: diagnosis and management.
AB  - Multicystic renal dysplasia represents a spectrum of pathologic states, from
      unilateral multicystic kidney through segmental and focal multicystic dysplasia
      to bilateral multicystic kidney. Diagnosis can be established with low-risk
      procedures with reasonable accuracy. Treatment may be nonoperative in selected
      cases, but the physician must be responsible for long-term follow-up of the child
      until more is known about the natural history of this process.

PMID- 675898
TI  - Does cyclophosphamide induce bladder cancer?
AB  - An increasing incidence of bladder neoplasms temporally associated with
      chemotherapy, usually cyclophosphamide, is being reported. These secondary
      primary bladder malignancies are characteristically found in two groups of
      patients: those with lymphoproliferative or myeloproliferative tumors, and those
      with immunosuppression after organ transplantation. A case of adenocarcinoma of
      the bladder associated with malignant lymphoma is reported, and the known cases
      of second primary bladder malignancies after cyclophosphamide therapy as reported
      in the literature are reviewed. Studies relating to the enhanced occurrence of
      second primary cancers in lymphoproliferative disorders are presented. The
      recognized urologic toxicities of cyclophosphamide, including cytopathologic
      changes in animals and humans, are discussed. The observed association between
      immunosuppression and second primary malignancies is explored, as supported by
      studies on congenital immunodeficiency in humans, viral oncogenesis in
      experimental animals, and neoplasia after organ transplantation. Possible
      mechanisms of carcinogenesis associated with cyclophosphamide are reviewed,
      including suppression of humoral and cell-mediated immune defense mechanisms,
      direct carcinogenesis, or cocarcinogenesis. A plea is made for the orderly
      reporting and careful documentation of bladder tumors in patients receiving
      cyclophosphamide. It is suggested that prospective studies in these patients and
      in patients receiving cyclophosphamide for nonmalignant disorders would be of
      value in assessing the culpability of cyclophosphamide as a carcinogen.

PMID- 675899
TI  - Excessive proliferation of peripelvic fat of the kidney.
AB  - Excessive proliferation of the peripelvic fat of the kidney (EPPF) is a benign
      process with an innocuous effect on the patient. However, this condition may
      assume major clinical significance by producing pyelocalyceal deformities that
      may be mistaken for true renal masses. Rarely, EPPF may masquerade as a renal
      pelvic tumor. We present the second reported case of EPPF simulating a renal
      pelvic tumor and review the history as well as the characteristic radiographic
      and sonographic features of this condition.

PMID- 675900
TI  - Renal function damage in 131 cases of urogenital tuberculosis.
AB  - The functional sequelae of 131 patients with urogenital tuberculosis were
      examined. At the time of diagnosis, more than half of the patients already
      suffered from global renal failure which was moderate in 42.7 per cent and severe
      in 15.5 per cent. We believe that the primary functional damage occurs at the
      medullary level with tubular and interstitial involvement. Indeed, the red phenol
      test for postglomerular blood flow was altered in a higher proportion than was
      the creatinine clearance (67.9 per cent). The maximum concentrating ability was
      altered even more frequently (84 per cent). When we compared various glomerular
      filtration levels with the grade of alteration of the maximum ability
      concentration test, we also saw clearly that the alteration of the tubular
      interstitial medullar function dominated the alteration of the glomerular global
      function. This proves at a functional level the predominantly medullary
      localization of the lesion in renal tuberculosis.

PMID- 675901
TI  - Epodyl in management of noninvasive vesical neoplasms.
AB  - A prospective study to assess the effects of triethylene glycol diglyceridyl
      ether (Epodyl) in the management of superficial noninvasive vesical neoplasm (T1)
      is presented. Apart from a few local side effects, the response of the tumor to
      Epodyl was very good as assessed up to three years. Further long-term studies are
      being done.

PMID- 675902
TI  - Suprapubic cystostomy: a simplified technique.
AB  - A simple technique for performing a suprapubic cystostomy is presented. The only
      necessity is a modified male urethral sound.

PMID- 675903
TI  - Glans condom drainage system.
AB  - A form-fitting glans condom has been developed for use in small uncircumcised
      males with neurogenic bladders to avoid the problems inherent with diapers. The
      method to make the glans condom and early successful use in 19 of 33 patients are
      noted.

PMID- 675904
TI  - Transient fertility after vasovasostomy.
AB  - Sperm generally appear in  the ejaculate within three weeks after vasovasostomy,
      but may soon disappear because of scarring of the anastomotic site. For this
      reason attempt at conception early after the operation should be encouraged.

PMID- 675905
TI  - Pelvic lipomatosis with associated cystitis glandularis.
AB  - Pelvic lipomatosis and florid cystitis glandularis are rare. We report a case in
      which these two conditions were associated.

PMID- 675906
TI  - Milk-of-calcium calculi in Mullerian duct cyst.

PMID- 675907
TI  - Primary penile reanastomosis.
AB  - Two cases of penile amputation with the techniques of reanastomosis are
      presented. Other techniques are briefly reviewed. A microvascular anastomosis of
      the dorsal vessels or nerves does not appear to be necessary, although gentle
      thorough reconstruction of the urethra and corpora obviously is.

PMID- 675908
TI  - Bilateral herniation of renal pelves: a complication of cutaneous pyelostomy.
AB  - The first reported case of bilateral herniations of the renal pelves as a
      complication of cutaneous pyelostomy is presented. We describe a modification of
      the original surgical technique that may prevent herniation, based on fixation of
      the pelvis to the lumbodorsal fascia as well as the cut edge of the pelvis to the
      skin. In our patient the bilateral herniations were corrected by repairing the
      fascial defects and suturing of the pelvis to the fascia.

PMID- 675909
TI  - Use of fascia lata in urology.

PMID- 675910
TI  - Perirenal malignant Schwannoma presenting as renal cell carcinoma.
AB  - Clinical and radiographic evaluation of a fifty-six-year-old male with
      microscopic hematuria led to radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma.
      Histologic examination by light and electronmicroscopy was most compatible with
      malignant schwannoma. The tumor was close to the kidney without actual renal
      involvement. This case is of interest for both its rarity and its unusual
      presentation.

PMID- 675911
TI  - New concepts on formation of Brunn's nests and cysts in urinary tract mucosa.
AB  - To the present time, Brunn's nests have been conceived as being the result of
      pinching off of epithelial nests from urothelial buds. Mucosal cysts were
      considered to originate from Brunn's nests. In the present study, it was observed
      that under the influence of a strong stimulus of repair, the urothelial cells in
      the proximity of the focus of repair undergo numerous mitoses. The underlying
      connective tissue becomes loose, isolated cells of the lining urothelium "drop
      off" into the lamina propria in which they migrate as in a culture medium. There
      they multiply and form nests of cells at a distance from the lining urothelium.
      These migrating cells frequently have an early tendency to become arranged into
      cysts. Thus, during this process of repair urothelial cells behave temporarily as
      malignant cells.

PMID- 675912
TI  - Case profile: spontaneous peripelvic extravasation.

PMID- 675913
TI  - Preoperative diagnosis of unilateral multicystic kidney with hydropelvis.
AB  - We present 2 patients with congenital unialteral multicystic kidney disease with
      hydropelvis. In the first patient the diagnosis was made by precutaneous puncture
      of a renal cyst followed by injection of contrast medium; in the second the
      diagnosis was confirmed by percutaneous puncture of the renal pelvis and
      injection of contrast medium, although an earlier ultrasonic examination had been
      strongly suggestive. Since in this condition the cysts and the renal pelvis
      communicate, either can be punctured to make the diagnosis. The procedures herein
      described are definitive for the diagnosis and should be followed whenever the
      urologist desires such a diagnosis.

PMID- 675914
TI  - Enhanced detection of asymptomatic renal masses with routine tomography during
      excretory urography.
AB  - In a prospective study of a diagnositc scheme for evaluating renal masses, it was
      observed that a significant number of masses (29 per cent) would have been
      undetected without the aid of routine tomography. The renal masses detected with
      the aid of tomography are either small or peripheral lesions which cause no
      impingement upon the renal collecting system. Without specific symptoms referable
      to a renal mass and without hematuria, many renal masses will be overlooked on
      standard excretory urography. The general improvement in diagnostic quality, the
      ease with which this procedure may be added to excretory urography, and the
      minimal expense involved would be additional factors which should justify the use
      of routine tomography with excretory urography in any radiology department.

PMID- 675915
TI  - Large varicocele presenting as pulsatile scrotal mass.
AB  - A case is reported in which a patient with tricuspid insufficiency presented with
      a painful, moderate-sized, pulsatile, scrotal mass on the left side. Selective
      transfemoral gonadal venography revealed this to be a large varicocele.

PMID- 675916
TI  - Point of view--misleading reports on Japanese incidence of prostatic cancer.

PMID- 675917
TI  - Renal cyst puncture and abscess formation.

PMID- 675918
TI  - Unexpected pheochromocytoma.

PMID- 675919
TI  - Circle tube urinary diversion.

PMID- 675920
TI  - Urologic management in cloacal dysgenesis.
AB  - Eleven cases of cloacal dysgenesis from the experience in the Baylor affiliated
      hospitals from 1969 to 1977 are reviewed. Clinical features including
      radiographic studies are presented in representative case reports. Despite the
      initial urgent need for intestinal surgical intervention in these patients, the
      long-term morbidity and complications are typically related to the genitourinary
      system. A review of the literature with emphasis on embryogenesis is given.
      Recommendations for diagnostic approach, and acute and long-term urologic
      management are made.

PMID- 675921
TI  - Renal growth in maternal-fetal axis: clinical and laboratory studies.
AB  - A hormone (renotropin) is said to play an important role in compensatory renal
      growth. The role of renotropin in obligatory growth (normal developmental growth)
      is unknown. It was observed that contralateral renal size in children with
      unilateral multicystic kidney was found to be normal at birth but became
      hypertrophied later. The kidneys of twenty-one-day-old fetal rats were
      significantly smaller than sham controls in animals whose mothers had
      uninephrectomies at day 8 (26.5 +/- 1.1 mg. versus 18.5 +/- 1.1 mg.). The
      mothers' kidneys hypertrophied compared with sham controls (1,065 +/- 23 mg.
      versus 1,347 +/- 78 mg.). It was concluded that renotropin passes the placenta
      and modifies so-called obligatory renal growth.

PMID- 675922
TI  - Treatment of skeletal metastases from urologic malignancies.
AB  - Metastases from genitourinary tumors frequently involve the skeletal system and
      often produce the most disabling symptoms. Judicious early orthopedic management
      may prevent paralysis and maintain ambulation, thus significantly improving the
      quality of life. The role of prophylactic surgery for impending fractures and the
      symptomatic therapy of painful metastatic foci are discussed.

PMID- 675923
TI  - Multilocular cysts of kidney: a diagnostic dilemma.
AB  - Multilocular cyst of the kidney is a rare pathologic entity occurring in both
      children and adults. Although diagnosis cannot be firmly established
      preoperatively, the use of intravenous pyelography, angiography, ultrasonography,
      and delta scan may aid in its diagnosis. Because of the difficulty in accurate
      diagnosis and the documented association with renal neoplasia, we recommend
      exploration and possible nephrectomy as the treatments of choice.

PMID- 675924
TI  - Extravesical ureteral ectopia.
AB  - A case of an extravesically ectopic single ureter draining into the seminal
      vesicle is presented. Age of diagnosis, embryology of ureteral ectopia, and
      locations of the ureteral orifice are discussed. Suggestions are made for the
      diagnosis and treatment of ureteral ectopia.

PMID- 675925
TI  - Urinary cytology and bladder biopsy in patients with bladder cancer.
AB  - Two hundred fifty patients with bladder tumor were evaluated over a three-year
      period. Cystoscopy, cytology, and random bladder and tumor biopsy were part of
      the workup. The follow-up of these patients resulted in a total of 509
      cystoscopies, 772 specimens of bladder washings and urinary cytologies, and 503
      tumor or selected mucosal biopsies. The value of cytologic study of bladder
      washings and cystoscopic urine samples as well as the importance of selected site
      mucosal biopsies in detecting "field changes" in the bladder epithelium
      associated with bladder tumors are discussed.

PMID- 675926
TI  - Survival of patients with unsuspected prostatic carcinoma after open
      prostatectomy.
AB  - This study is concerned with the clinicopathologic findings in 40 patients with
      unsuspected carcinoma of the prostate found at the time of open prostatectomy and
      the correlation of these findings with survival. There is a significant
      correlation between pathologic findings and clinical outcome.

PMID- 675927
TI  - Childhood urethral trauma.
AB  - Urethral trauma in childhood due to external violence other than vehicular
      accident is discussed. The need for careful, planned management is highlighted by
      a satisfactory outcome in each of 4 cases, with no incontinence and no persistent
      urethral stricture. Temporary suprapubic cystostomy in 2 of these children caused
      no difficulty in the ultimate repair and permitted a more deliberate approach to
      these diminutive strictures in the pediatric age group.

PMID- 675928
TI  - Urethral injury due to external trauma.
AB  - Fifty-six patients with urethral injuries comprised 35 involving the posterior
      urethra and 21 involving the anterior urethra. Immediate retrograde urethrography
      confirmed the clinical diagnosis made when blood was found at the external
      urinary meatus after external trauma. Traffic accidents caused most of the
      posterior urethral injuries and were associated with severe injuries to multiple
      systems and a significant mortality rate (34 per cent). Primary realignment of
      the urethral injury by a urethral catheter in all cases of urethral rupture (plus
      a suprapubic cystostomy in most of these cases) resulted in a stricture rate of
      62 per cent on follow-up. However, only half of these strictures required
      surgical correction. The incidence of incontinence was 10 per cent and of
      impotence 38 per cent.

PMID- 675929
TI  - Urologic implications of von Hippel-Lindau syndrome.
AB  - A patient with von Hippel-Lindau syndrome is presented. Bilateral simultaneous
      radical nephrectomy was performed for bilateral renal cell carcinoma without
      evidence of metastasis. The literature is reviewed and the urologic implications
      of this syndrome are emphasized.

PMID- 675930
TI  - Microsurgical two-layer vasovasostomy: word of caution.
AB  - Microsurgical technique, with separate mucosal and muscular layer anastomosis,
      recently has been advocated as the most successful method of vasovasostomy.
      Unexpected difficulties may be encountered using this method; moreover,
      considerable practice in the microsurgical laboratory is mandatory before actual
      performance of the procedure. As with any innovation in surgical technique, a
      judgment of the clinical superiority of the two-layer anastomotic method must
      await substantiating results from other investigators.

PMID- 675931
TI  - Retroperitoneal neurilemmoma.
AB  - The clinical and pathologic features of benign and malignant retroperitoneal
      neurilemmoma are reviewed, and the pertinence of this tumor to the urologist is
      stressed. Two additional case reports are added to the literature.

PMID- 675932
TI  - Posterior urethral stenosis in newborn with renal nonfunction syndrome.
AB  - A newborn male infant presented with the "renal nonfunction syndrome" and
      subsequently was found at autopsy to have congenital stenosis of the posterior
      urethra. Additional urinary tract malformations included a prostatic
      diverticulum, bladder hypertrophy, bilateral hydroureter, and bilateral renal
      hypoplasia with dysplasia. Autopsy evidence suggested that the urethral stenosis
      had manifested itself very early during embryologic development and accounted for
      the associated urinary anomalies. The infant had the physical stigmata, clinical
      course, and pulmonary hypoplasia commonly observed in "Potter's" or the "renal
      nonfunction syndrome."

PMID- 675933
TI  - Transcatheter angiographic control of bleeding.
AB  - The therapeutic uses of transcatheter angiographic techniques are reviewed, and
      the applications in various organ systems are described. Recent experiences in
      the urinary tract are discussed as well as our experience in a case of radiation
      cystitis and recurrent bladder tumor.

PMID- 675934
TI  - Ureteroneocystostomy for bilateral ureteral obstruction in carcinoma of prostate.
AB  - "Fish-mouth" ureteroneocystostomy was successful in a patient with bilateral
      ureteral obstruction secondary to locally invasive adenocarcinoma of the
      prostate. The complications of permanent intubation are avoided and renal
      function is restored.

PMID- 675935
TI  - Microdissection findings of medullary sponge kidney.
AB  - Findings on microdissection of specimens of medullary sponge kidney showed
      uniform enlargement of collecting tubules in part of the papillae. Nephrons were
      normal in fragments without calculi and infection.

PMID- 675936
TI  - Metastatic prostatic adenocarcinoma of male breast.
AB  - Three cases of metastatic adenocarcinoma of the male breast from prostatic
      carcinoma are added to the 15 well-documented cases reported in the literature.
      These 15 cases had received estrogen therapy for prostatic cancer and
      gynecomastia developed; 14 had clinically palpable breast nodules containing
      adenocarcinoma. Our 3 cases also received estrogen therapy but differed in that
      gynecomastia developed in only 1 patient clinically, and diagnoses were made at
      autopsy with no clinical symptoms related to breast metastases. Moreover, 1 cases
      also showed remarkable florid lactation-like changes of the breast almost
      indistinguishable morphologically from that seen in the female breast during
      pregnancy. The histopathologic differential diagnosis of metastatic prostatic
      carcinoma of the breast from primary cancer of the male breast is stressed. Its
      importance is obvious because of the differences in clinical treatment and
      prognosis. Microscopically, the differential points consist of duct hypertrophy
      and periductal fibrosis (gynecomastia), absence of any ductal involvement by
      carcinoma cells, frequent presence of cancer cells in lymphatics and vascular
      channels, morphologic similarity between the cancers in the breast and prostate,
      and finally, the usual presence of acid phosphatase in the tumors of the prostate
      and breast.

PMID- 675937
TI  - Malignant papillary mesothelioma of tunica vaginalis testis.
AB  - A malignant papillary mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis testis with
      retroperitoneal lymph node and pulmonary metastases is reported in a seventy
      seven-year-old man. Electron microscopy of a local recurrence documented its
      mesothelial origin. The clinical and pathologic features of these rare neoplasms
      are discussed.

PMID- 675938
TI  - Case profile: ectopic bone formation in prostatic carcinoma.

PMID- 675939
TI  - Gray scale echography in evaluation of hepatorenal relationships.
AB  - Excellent methods are available to produce quality images of the liver and
      kidneys. Gray scale echography is the only suitable method of simultaneously
      showing hepatic and renal anatomic detail in addition to the instantaneous
      relationship of these organs to each other. Gray scale echography may be used to
      determine (1) if normal liver and a normal right kidney have interacted to give
      the false clinical impression of disease, (2) when renal lesions simulate hepatic
      disease, (3) when hepatic lesions mimic renal disease, and (4) if structural
      hepatic and structural renal disease are related or unrelated.

PMID- 675940
TI  - Roentgenographic evaluation of nephroptosis.
AB  - Vertical and medial nephroptosis was assessed on 60 consecutive excretory
      urographic examinations. Ptosis, both vertical and medial, was seen more commonly
      in females, and vertical ptosis was more frequent than medial ptosis. In our
      series there was no significant evidence of predominance on the right side. Dietl
      crisis, nausea, vomiting, hypotension, oliguria, or orthostatic hypertension were
      not encountered. Nephroptosis was mostly asymptomatic. In those patients with
      symptoms, lumbar pain was common and could be either aggravated or relieved by
      change in position. A new sign, paradoxic displacement, is described. This could
      be of value to the surgeon and radiotherapist in evaluating enlargement of a huge
      abdominal mass - a difficulat task to assess clinically.

PMID- 675941
TI  - [Clinical and morphological diagnosis of allergoses of the upper respiratory
      tracts of chemical etiology].

PMID- 675942
TI  - [Surgical approaches to the sphenoid sinus].

PMID- 675943
TI  - [Clinical aspects and treatment of nasal hemangiomas].

PMID- 675944
TI  - [Primary cancer of the frontal sinuses].

PMID- 675945
TI  - [Rhinogenic orbital and intracranial complications].

PMID- 675946
TI  - [Nose breathing disorder and dental caries in school children].

PMID- 675947
TI  - [Characteristics of precancerous diseases of the larynx in women].

PMID- 675948
TI  - [Electron microscopic study of laryngeal keratoses and papillomas with varying
      degrees of dedifferentiation].

PMID- 675949
TI  - [Sequence in performing staged chemoradiotherapy in malignant tumors of the
      maxilla].

PMID- 675950
TI  - [Procedural problems in using radiation and surgical treatment of laryngeal
      cancer].

PMID- 675951
TI  - [Experimental substantiation of the possibility and prospects of drug treatment
      of neurosensory hearing impairment].

PMID- 675952
TI  - [Course of otoantritis in chronic nutritional disorders in nursing infants].

PMID- 675953
TI  - [Characteristics of the effect of noise on the hearing and on the hemodynamics of
      the inner ear].

PMID- 675954
TI  - [Microbiological characteristics of chronic inflammation in the eutaschian tube
      in chronic suppurative otitis].

PMID- 675955
TI  - [Diagnosis of limited otogenic pachymeningitis].

PMID- 675956
TI  - [Functional aphonias and their treatment].

PMID- 675957
TI  - [Use of a syringe with ring in otorhinolaryngological practice].

PMID- 675958
TI  - [External injury to the larynx and trachea].

PMID- 675959
TI  - [Congenital papillomatosis of the concha auriculae].

PMID- 675960
TI  - [Fibroma of the trachea causing respiratory obstruction].

PMID- 675961
TI  - [Case of a hairy polyp of the nasopharynx in a youth].

PMID- 675962
TI  - [Multiple primary malignancies of the ENT organs].

PMID- 675963
TI  - [Treatment of chronic exudative inflammation of the maxillary sinus by means of a
      one-time puncture].

PMID- 675964
TI  - [Criteria for the degree of recovery in chronic hematogenic osteomyelitis in
      children].

PMID- 675965
TI  - [Congenital diseases of the ileocecal region simulating acute appendicitis in
      children].

PMID- 675966
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of acute testicular diseases in children].
AB  - The analysis of clinical symptoms and treatment of 103 children with acute
      diseases of the testicles is presented. The authors consider that an outcome of
      acute diseases of the testicles in children depends on the character of the
      disease, degree of circulatory disorders of the testicle, time of the surgery and
      on the condition of the hematotesticular barrier and autoimmune processes. They
      also believe that an active surgical technic in children with acute diseases of
      the testicles should be combined with immunodepressive and desensitizing therapy.

PMID- 675967
TI  - [Indications for hypothermia in the surgery of congenital heart defects and the
      results of its use].
AB  - The authors operated 1056 patients on "dry" heart under the conditions of
      hypothermia. The total lethality constituted 4.5%. Since 1970 they have been
      applying craniocerebral hypothermia method using the apparatus "Kholod-2F".
      Secondary failures of the interatrial septum and valve stenosis of the pulmonary
      artery in patients aged from 18 to 20 are the most common indications for
      operation. 450 and 248 patients, respectively, were operated upon; lethality was
      3.7% and 4%. The 16 years' experience with the superficial hypothermia in the
      correction of congenital heart diseases has proved this method to be highly
      effective and economical one, allowing to obtain quite favourable results after a
      thorough preoperative diagnosis and strict selection of patients.

PMID- 675968
TI  - [Characteristics of Monteggia injuries in children].

PMID- 675969
TI  - [Abscessing splenic infarct complicated by peritonitis in a child].

PMID- 675970
TI  - [Organismoid teratoma of the retroperitoneal space in a child].

PMID- 675971
TI  - [Injuries of the popliteal artery].

PMID- 675972
TI  - [Allotendoplasty in injuries of the biceps muscle of the arm].

PMID- 675973
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of the outcomes of the treatment of dislocations and
      fracture-dislocations of the metatarsal bones].

PMID- 675974
TI  - [Results of treating open diaphyseal fractures of the shin bones].

PMID- 675975
TI  - [Experience in treating pseudarthroses of the femoral and tibial condyles].

PMID- 675976
TI  - [Multiple bullet wound of the abdominal cavity organs and vena cava inferior].

PMID- 675977
TI  - [Organization and treatment procedures in acute vascular diseases and injuries].

PMID- 675978
TI  - [Eventration as a complication after operations on the abdominal cavity organs].

PMID- 675979
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of membrane, bubble and foam-film oxygenators in
      artificial circulation during heart surgery].
AB  - Single-use membraneous oxygenators "Teflo" (TMO) and bubble oxygenator "Variflow"
      (VF-1) issued by "Travenol" firm were used on 30 patients in open-heart
      operations with extracorporal circulation. A comparative assessment of working,
      technical and functional performances of these devices against the foam
      membraneous oxygenator (FMO) of "AIK-5m" apparatus proved the reliability,
      safety, feasibility and high effectiveness of the single-use oxygenating systems,
      membraneous oxygenator in particular, which is the most promising one for the use
      in extracorporal circulation.

PMID- 675980
TI  - [Primary cancer of the duodenum].
AB  - 8 patients with primary carcinoma of the duodenum were operated upon: 3
      pancreatoduodenal resections were carried out upon 3 patients. 1 patient
      underwent duodenectomy, the rest were mitigating and exploratory interventions.
      There were no fatal outcomes after radical interventions. The authors believe
      that radical operations for carcinoma of the duodenum allow to look forward to a
      longlasting cure.

PMID- 675981
TI  - [Mobile cecum and its fixation during an appendectomy].

PMID- 675982
TI  - [Operability and late results of treating recurrences and metachronous malignant
      tumors of the large intestine].
AB  - The analysis of the authors' observations has proved that the surgery in case of
      the recurrence of cancer of the rectum and colon is a quite justified method of
      treatment (the average survival period is about 2.5 years). But according to the
      authors' data, the operability and late results in the treatment of primary
      multiple metachronal cancer of the colon are higher than in case of the
      recurrence of cancer and practically do not differ from the operability and late
      results in solitary cancer (59.1% of cases survived more than 5 years). The
      authors have come to the conclusion that in such cases the differential diagnosis
      is a very important prognostic criterium.

PMID- 675983
TI  - [Radical surgical treatment of sigmoid volvulus].
AB  - The results of surgical treatment of 106 patients with sigmoid colon volvulus
      against the background of megacolon are set forth. The total lethality
      constituted 19%. The resection of the sigmoid colon was carried out upon 62
      patients: one-step operation was performed upon 45 patients (of them 11 died-
      24.4%), 17 patients underwent the obstructive resection, of them 4 patients died
      (23.5%). In case of sigmoid colon gangrene lethality, following one-step
      resection of the sigmoid colon, constituted 26.5%, with the viable gut lethality
      was 18%. The detorsion of the sigmoid colon was carried out upon 44 cases of
      mesosigmoidopexy; the lethality was 11.4%.

PMID- 675984
TI  - [Surgical procedure in pancreatic cysts and fistulae].
AB  - The authors have generalized the experience with the treatment of 11 cases of
      pancreatic cysts and 4 cases of external pancreatic fistulas. The anastomosis
      with hollow organs (7 cases) has proved to be a method of choice in the surgery
      of pseudocysts. In authors' opinion, the internal drainage creates favourable
      conditions for persistent decompression of the duct system, promotes the
      obliteration of the cyst and the attenuation of inflammatory process in the
      pancreas, while the external drainage of the cyst is indicated in fresh cysts
      with a loose easily tearing capsule, when anastomosis is impossible for technical
      reasons.

PMID- 675985
TI  - [Data on pancreatic sclerosis and the possibilities of its prevention in the
      process of treating an attack of acute pancreatitis].
AB  - Some data concerning the possibility of the pancreatic sclerosis development
      following an attack of edematous hemorrhagic pancreatitis are proved in this
      paper. Recommendations on the decrease of the possibility of the development of
      indirect sclerosis and on the necessity of the prevention of pancreatic edema in
      the acute stage of the disease are set forth, which favours a more rapid
      resorption of edematous fluid before its formation in the subacute period.

PMID- 675986
TI  - [Surgery of acute pancreatitis].
AB  - On the grounds of the experience with the treatment of 786 consecutive cases of
      acute pancreatitis and its complications and on the grounds of the experimental
      findings obtained in 1077 animals the author makes her comments on the
      therapeutic tactics in acute pancreatitis and its complications and on the
      grounds of the experimental findings obtained in 1077 animals the author makes
      her comments on the therapeutic tactics in acute pancreatitis. It has been found
      that the treatment of all the cases should start from an early and widely planned
      conservative therapy, while emergent surgical interventions in acute pancreatitis
      are undesirable. The volume of early and delayed surgical interventions is
      discussed. The author's attitude towards bursa omentalis tamponade,
      omentopancreatopexy, dissection of the abdominal posterior layer over the
      pancreas and towards the resection of the pancreas, in the absence of
      suppuration, is negative.

PMID- 675987
TI  - [Treatment procedure with surgical patients with acute renal insufficiency].
AB  - The results of the treatment of 49 cases of surgical diseases complicated with
      acute renal insufficiency are presented. The lethality was 36.8%. The
      effectiveness of the treatment depends upon proper time and a radical character
      of a surgical intervention. Preoperative treatment includes an active
      hemodialysis aimed at the arrest of uremic intoxication. Cardiovascular
      insufficiency does not make a contraindication for hemodialysis.

PMID- 675988
TI  - [Complications and lethality after operations on the lungs].
AB  - The analysis of the lethality (4.8%) and postoperative complications (2.3%)
      following 740 lung operations was carried out. The authors developed methods of
      early preclinical diagnosis of intrapleural complications through the studies of
      neutrophilic leucocytes histochemical indices and biochemical and cytological
      changes of postoperative pleural extravasate.

PMID- 675989
TI  - [Plastic repair of the abdominal aorta with enzymatically treated lyophilized
      vascular xenografts].
AB  - 44 observations on the replacement of the abdominal aorta with vascular
      xenografts are presented. The enzymatic processing of the grafts clears away the
      antigenic properties of plasty material and decreases significantly the
      immunological response of the recipient. Poor results of xenoplasty are due to an
      inadequate mechanical strength of the graft wall.

PMID- 675990
TI  - [Does restoration of the patency of the hypogastric arteries affect the state of
      sexual function in patients with obliterating arteriosclerosis of the pelvic
      arteries?].
AB  - The sexual function state was studied in 180 cases of obliterating
      atherosclerosis of the aorta and iliac arteries. The importance was found in 74%
      out of them. The author believes that the introduction of the internal iliac
      artery into the blood flow in obliterating atherosclerosis of the aorta and iliac
      arteries is expedient from the point of view of rehabilitation of such cases, as
      77% of patients remain or become impotent following operations in the aorto-iliac
      zone.

PMID- 675991
TI  - [Bone biopsy in the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism].
AB  - In case when the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism is unclear or difficult
      to establish the authors recommend to use the method of bone biopsy. The
      histological picture of the bone in hyperparathyroidism is described. It has been
      found that the bone biopsy ensures the differenciation of hyperparathyroidism
      from other forms of osteodistrophies, esteodisplasies and myeloma.

PMID- 675992
TI  - [Pathological pneumothorax as a consequence of a malignant pleural mesothelioma].

PMID- 675993
TI  - [Perforation of the stomach in endoscopic electroincision of polyps].

PMID- 675994
TI  - [Isolated lymphogranulomatosis of the pancreas].

PMID- 675995
TI  - [Cysts of the omentum majus].

PMID- 675996
TI  - [Volvulus of the omentum majus].

PMID- 675997
TI  - [Complication after the opening of an abscess of Douglas' pouch].

PMID- 675998
TI  - [Lesser circulation hemodynamics after radical operations on the lungs in
      children].
AB  - Using the methods of perfusion scintipneumography, transtracheal polysegmental
      electropneumoplethysmography, right heart catheterization, associated with
      tensiography and angiopneumography, a study of the lung blood flow in 109
      children following radical lung operations for chronic non-specific broncho
      pulmonary pathologies was performed. The studies were carried out before
      operation and during the period from the first day to 5 years postoperatively in
      catamnesis. Certain specific patterns of the lung blood flow reconstruction,
      terms of its recovery in an operated lung etc. were found.

PMID- 675999
TI  - Polyarteritis in a colony of beagles.
AB  - The clinical and pathological features of polyarteritis occurring in a colony of
      beagles are described. Meningeal and cardiac arteries were most commonly
      involved. Amyloidosis and lymphocytic thyroiditis were also present in some of
      the affected dogs. The polyarteritis is probably of autoimmune origin.

PMID- 676000
TI  - Distribution of trimethoprim/sulphadiazine in plasma, tissue and synovial fluids.
AB  - The subcutaneous implantation of tissue cages was used to study the distribution
      of trimethorprim and sulphadiazine into tissue (interstitial) fluid in calves,
      sheep and dogs over a 24-hour period. After oral dosing there was good
      gastrointestinal absorption of both antibacterial agents in dogs but only of the
      sulphonamide in sheep. The concentration of trimethoprim in tissue fluid peaked
      at five to seven hours after administration when it exceeded the plasma
      concentration. Sulphadiazine persisted in the plasma for longer than
      trimethoprim, but distribution into tissue fluid was slower. The findings show
      that reliance on plasma concentration curves alone in determinations of
      bioavailability of chemotherapeutic agents may lead to false interpretations.

PMID- 676001
TI  - Coronavirus-like particles in stools from dogs, from some country areas of
      Australia.

PMID- 676002
TI  - Early appearance of "runting" in piglets.

PMID- 676003
TI  - The serological response of sheep to a trivalent Campylobacter (Vibrio) fetus var
      intestinalis vaccine.

PMID- 676004
TI  - White muscle disease in the differential diagnosis of clinical pneumonia.

PMID- 676005
TI  - Nutritional implications in the feeding of pets.

PMID- 676006
TI  - Obesity in small animals.

PMID- 676007
TI  - Discovery and application: lessons from animal research.
AB  - The cumbersome administrative machinery for agricultural research set up
      following the Rothschild Report is criticised and the view challenged that
      mission-oriented research is quicker, cheaper and more useful than problem
      oriented research. Examples are give from two areas of biological study, corpus
      luteum physiology and cell membranes, to illustrate the rapid application of
      basic discoveries to livestock health and production.

PMID- 676008
TI  - Isolation of a virulent strain of Ehrlichia phagocytophila from the blood of
      cattle in the Isle of Man.
AB  - A blood sample from a cow in the Isle of Man caused a severe Ehrlichia
      phagocytophila infection when inoculated into a splenectomised calf. The parasite
      was passaged successively into a further splenectomised calf and then into two
      intact animals. One of the splenectomised calves and one of the intact animals
      died of the infection which was characterised by causing a sustained febrile
      response apparently correlated with a marked invasion of monocytes by the
      rickettsiae.

PMID- 676009
TI  - Ascariasis in foals.

PMID- 676010
TI  - Chronic haematuria caused by Acinetobacter calcoaceticus in a race horse.

PMID- 676011
TI  - Report of masses found free in bovine hearts.

PMID- 676012
TI  - Haemorrhage from the bovine penis during erection and ejaculation: a possible
      explanation of some cases.
AB  - Leakage of polyester resin from the cavernous spaces of the corpus spongiosum
      penis (csp) into the terminal part of the urethral lumen was demonstrated in one
      post mortem specimen. No information was available on service performance or
      semen characteristics immediately before slaughter. It is suggested that
      haemorrhage from the csp into the urethral lumen may cause spurting of blood from
      the apex of the penis at service.

PMID- 676013
TI  - The isolation of a Chlamydia psittaci-like agent from a free-living African
      buffalo (Syncerus caffer).

PMID- 676014
TI  - Predilection sites for bovine cysticercosis.

PMID- 676015
TI  - Control of canine hip dysplasia.

PMID- 676016
TI  - Rickets in growing pigs and response to treatment.
AB  - The clinical, radiological and pathological findings in a natural outbreak of
      rickets affecting 82 pigs are described. An interesting feature was the presence
      of gross articular abnormalities including resorption of subchondral bone with
      folding and ulceration of the articular cartilage. The diet was deficient in
      calcium and vitamin D. A diagnosis of rickets complicated by nutritional
      secondary hyperparathyroidism was made. The results of treatment and the
      economics of the outbreak are discussed.

PMID- 676017
TI  - A simple estimation of the immunoglobulin content of ewe colostrum.
AB  - Use of the optical refractometer in performing a rapid assessment of the
      immunoglobulin content of ovine colostrum under farm conditions was investigated.
      Refractometer readings were compared with total protein levels and with gamma
      globulin levels, determined by the ZSTT, to assess the validity of the technique.
      In both cases correlation coefficients were high (0.98 and 0.79 respectively).
      Refractometry was shown to be a valid substitute for the ZSTT in studies on
      colostrum gamma-globulin levels.

PMID- 676018
TI  - Hygiene and hatchability of duck eggs--a field study.

PMID- 676019
TI  - [Role of bacteria of the genus Haemophilus in animal infectious pathology].

PMID- 676020
TI  - [Method for the spectral analysis of serum proteins].

PMID- 676021
TI  - [S-150 dusting apparatus for controlling ectoparasites].

PMID- 676022
TI  - [Prevention is the guarantee of animal conservation].

PMID- 676023
TI  - [Faithful to their professional duty].

PMID- 676024
TI  - [On the fish-raising farms of Ternopol Province].

PMID- 676025
TI  - [Zoohygienic evaluation of the methods of summering cows].

PMID- 676026
TI  - [Frutiful cooperation].

PMID- 676027
TI  - [Effect of the light regimen on cows and calves].

PMID- 676028
TI  - [State of the body of swine artificially illuminated].

PMID- 676029
TI  - [Karyological analysis of the lymphoid cells of the blood in a study of the
      etiology of leukemia].

PMID- 676030
TI  - [Immunologenicity and reactogenicity of vaccine aerosols against infectious
      laryngotracheitis].

PMID- 676031
TI  - [Problems of eliminating plague in swine].

PMID- 676033
TI  - [High award].

PMID- 676032
TI  - [Principles of the rational prevention of helminthozoonoses].

PMID- 676034
TI  - [Toxicoses of sheep caused by ticks].

PMID- 676035
TI  - [Anthelmintic effectiveness in spiruratiasis in ducks].

PMID- 676036
TI  - [Vitamin therapy of cows with ovarian hypofunction].

PMID- 676038
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of calf hypotrophy].

PMID- 676037
TI  - [Antibiotics and mastitis in cows].

PMID- 676039
TI  - [Diagnosis of bronchopneumonia in lambs].

PMID- 676040
TI  - [Experience in treating bronchopneumonia in piglets].

PMID- 676041
TI  - [Ketosis in sows and piglets].

PMID- 676042
TI  - [Development of piglets under the influence of premixes and the resistance to
      dyspepsia].

PMID- 676043
TI  - [Effect of trace elements on swine].

PMID- 676044
TI  - [Frame for holding small animals].

PMID- 676045
TI  - [Expert evaluation of carcasses in the Salmonella carrier state].

PMID- 676046
TI  - [Veterinary inspection of chicken carcasses for Marek's disease].

PMID- 676047
TI  - [Degree work training in a department of veterinary meat inspection].

PMID- 676049
TI  - [Sanitary measures on farms].

PMID- 676048
TI  - [Help of scientists for production].

PMID- 676050
TI  - [Microbiological control of duck egg quality].

PMID- 676051
TI  - [Pathomorphology and immunodiagnosis of Marek's disease and lympholeukosis in
      chickens].

PMID- 676052
TI  - [Pathology caused by the parasitism of ixodid ticks on animals].

PMID- 676053
TI  - [Aerol-2 aerosols for controlling ixodid ticks].

PMID- 676054
TI  - [Determination of the creoline concentration in an emulsion].

PMID- 676055
TI  - [Theileriasis in Dagestan].

PMID- 676056
TI  - [Sexual cycle in heifers].

PMID- 676057
TI  - [Treatment of necrotic and gangrenous metritis].

PMID- 676058
TI  - [Etiology of forestomach and respiratory organ diseases].

PMID- 676059
TI  - [Clinical and physiological state of cows].

PMID- 676060
TI  - [Frame for holding animals].

PMID- 676061
TI  - [Increasing the body resistance of chicks].

PMID- 676062
TI  - [Effect of phosphothiamine on blood coagulation].

PMID- 676063
TI  - [Neomycin retention and inactivation times in the environment].

PMID- 676064
TI  - [Vitavax toxicity for chickens].

PMID- 676065
TI  - [Acarid-insecticidal properties of alcamate].

PMID- 676066
TI  - [Laboratory diagnosis of viral pneumoenteritis in calves].

PMID- 676067
TI  - [Etiology of pneumonia in swine].

PMID- 676068
TI  - [Method for the separate determination of phthalophos and phosalone in fish and
      water].

PMID- 676069
TI  - [Results of the state exams].

PMID- 676070
TI  - Detection of antibodies to alphaviruses and flaviviruses in some migratory birds
      of the Danube Delta.
AB  - Data are reported on the presence of antibodies to some group A(alphavirus)
      B(flavivirus) arboviruses in 8 species of migratory birds (Ardea cinerea,
      Plegadis falcinellus, Anas querquedula, Anser albifrons, Gavia arctica, Fulica
      atra, Larus minutes and and Phalacrocorax corbo) of the Danube Delta.

PMID- 676071
TI  - Persistent measles virus infection in a calf kidney cell line. Note II. Study of
      some biological markers of the measles virus isolated from a selected chronically
      infected cell line.
AB  - The biological characteristics of a measles virus strain (Co-69/pi) isolated from
      a selected chronically infected calf kidney cell line (K-2) are studied in
      comparison with those of thw wild parental CO-69 and of the attenuated Schwarz
      measles virus strain. Co-69/pi is a variant of the parental Co-69 virus and has
      characteristics of an attenuated strain. Some of the characteristics acquired by
      the Co-69/pi strain (cytopathogenicity, size of plaques) proved to be stable in
      the course of passages on a simian substrate. The mechanism having led to the
      appearance of this variant in the chronically infected cell line are discussed.

PMID- 676072
TI  - [Application of methods for the optimization of antiepidemic programs in the
      control of viral hepatitis].

PMID- 676073
TI  - Transformation of a rat cell line by an adenovirus 7 DNA fragment.

PMID- 676074
TI  - Enzyme cytochemical identification of single-stranded and double-stranded RNAs in
      virus-infected plant and insect cells.

PMID- 676075
TI  - Transcription of vaccinia virus mRNA coupled to translation in vitro.

PMID- 676076
TI  - Peanut stunt virus-associated RNA 5: second tripartite genome virus with an
      associated satellite-like replicating RNA.

PMID- 676077
TI  - Studies on the occurrence of high molecular weight adenovirus type 2 DNA in
      productively infected cells.

PMID- 676078
TI  - An anomalous form of tobacco mosaic virus RNA observed upon polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis.

PMID- 676079
TI  - Enveloped virus- and lectin-induced structural change in erythrocyte lipid
      bilayer: dependence on species of erythrocyte and on the multivalence of the
      agglutinin.

PMID- 676080
TI  - Interferon-induced translation defects in a cell-free protein-synthesizing system
      from mouse erythroleukemia cells.

PMID- 676081
TI  - Mutations affecting genetic recombination in bacteriophage T4D. II. Genetic
      properties.

PMID- 676082
TI  - Cyanophage S-2L contains DNA with 2,6-diaminopurine substituted for adenine.

PMID- 676083
TI  - Responses of the various types of cat retinal ganglion cells to moving contours.

PMID- 676084
TI  - The mechanism of brightness enhancement.

PMID- 676085
TI  - Color discrimination by a Bering sea spotted seal, Phoca largha.

PMID- 676086
TI  - Rod ERG of the mudpuppy: effect of dim red backgrounds.

PMID- 676087
TI  - The human rod ERG: correlation with psychophysical responses in light and dark
      adaptation.

PMID- 676088
TI  - Rod--cone interaction in human scotopic vision--IV. Cones stimulated by contrast
      flashes influence rod threshold.

PMID- 676089
TI  - Grating summation in fovea and periphery.

PMID- 676090
TI  - The influence of colour and contour rivalry on the magnitude of the tilt after
      effect.

PMID- 676091
TI  - Diffusion not the cause of after-image blurring.

PMID- 676092
TI  - Interocular transfer of color-contingent motion aftereffects: positive
      aftereffects.

PMID- 676093
TI  - Equivalence classes of visual stimuli.

PMID- 676094
TI  - Visual fixation points and depth perception.

PMID- 676095
TI  - Interocular light adaptation effect on the Lie "specific threshold".

PMID- 676096
TI  - Thiourea does not block visual pigment responses to prolactin in trout.

PMID- 676097
TI  - The effect of retinal eccentricity on the Broca-Sulzer phenomenon.

PMID- 676098
TI  - Purkinje's methods for visualizing the internal retinal circulation: a look at
      the source.

PMID- 676099
TI  - On-line computation of photoreceptor spectral sensitivity--a low-cost solution
      with a programmable pocket calculator.

PMID- 676100
TI  - Lowering the ratio of extracellular calcium to sodium mimics the effect of light
      on the photosensory membrane of Limulus ventral nerve photoreceptor.

PMID- 676101
TI  - Comments on organization and spatial-frequency characteristics of receptive
      fields in the visual cortex.

PMID- 676102
TI  - Visibility of low-requency sine-wave targets: dependence on number of cycles and
      surround parameters.

PMID- 676103
TI  - Suprathreshold contrast perception and complex random textures.

PMID- 676104
TI  - Disability days. United States 1975.

PMID- 676105
TI  - Cardiovascular conditions of children 6-11 years and youths 12-17 years. United
      States, 1963-1965 and 1966-1970.

PMID- 676106
TI  - [Program for the control of ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 676107
TI  - [The direction and solution of research in ischemic heart disease in our
      country].

PMID- 676108
TI  - [Myocardial infarct in Most from 1953 to 1975. A contribution to the epidemiology
      of myocardial infarct].

PMID- 676109
TI  - [Pre-hospital phase of acute myocardial infarct].

PMID- 676110
TI  - [Care of patients with acute myocardial infarct in clinical practice].

PMID- 676111
TI  - [Care of patients with myocardial infarct in the district of Kutna Hora].

PMID- 676112
TI  - [Pre-hospital phase of patients with acute myocardial infarct and the
      contribution of rapid first aid].

PMID- 676113
TI  - [Analysis of the post-hospital phase of patients after acute myocardial infarct].

PMID- 676114
TI  - [Community cardiovascular disease control program in Finland. (North Karelia
      Project)].

PMID- 676115
TI  - [Systemic lupus erythematosus and infections].

PMID- 676116
TI  - [Cholelithiasis in the aged].

PMID- 676117
TI  - [The rate of liver chromosecretion].

PMID- 676118
TI  - [Aging as a biological phenomenon].

PMID- 676119
TI  - [Etiologic classification of hyperthyroidism].

PMID- 676120
TI  - [Diagnostic effectiveness of tests on the biochemical activity in acromegaly as
      evaluated by discrimination analysis].

PMID- 676121
TI  - [Melanocyte-stimulating hormone in various diseases].

PMID- 676122
TI  - [Humoral factors in cardiogenic shock].

PMID- 676123
TI  - [Thermography using liquid crystals in disorders of blood flow in the
      extremities].

PMID- 676124
TI  - [Effect of pregnancy and long-term treatment with spirolactone on the clinical
      and laboratory picture of primary hyperaldosteronism].

PMID- 676125
TI  - [The McCune-Albright syndrome --embryologic defect with multiple organ
      involvement].

PMID- 676126
TI  - [Determination of 15 steroids from a group of 17-oxosteroids, derivatives of
      progesterone and tetrahydroderivatives of corticoids in a single urinary extract
      using gas chromatography].

PMID- 676127
TI  - [Determination of calcitonin in human plasma using the biological titration
      method].

PMID- 676128
TI  - [Evaluation of the activity of amylase isoenzymes in epidemic parotitis].

PMID- 676129
TI  - [Ways to improve the quality and effectiveness of special tactical medical
      drills].

PMID- 676130
TI  - [Directions in improving medical first aid at the regimental medical center].

PMID- 676131
TI  - [Role of the military physician in the morale and psychological training of
      personnel].

PMID- 676132
TI  - [Transportation of victims in a state of burn shock].

PMID- 676133
TI  - [Stomach secretory function study using new radiotelemetry system].

PMID- 676134
TI  - [Autoimmune disease in the clinical picture of nervous disease].

PMID- 676135
TI  - [Radioprotectors and their present-day classification].

PMID- 676136
TI  - [Effect of ionizing radiations on pharmaceutical preparations].

PMID- 676137
TI  - [Microbiological diagnosis of intestinal yersiniasis].

PMID- 676138
TI  - [Reliability of operator activities].

PMID- 676139
TI  - [Experience with the psychophysiological selection of candidates for grenade
      launcher operators].

PMID- 676140
TI  - [Psychophysiological characteristics of a pilot's activities on flights at low
      altitudes above the sea].

PMID- 676142
TI  - [Electrified training mock-up for the medical battalion].

PMID- 676141
TI  - [Use of heated air for maintaining and restoring the work capacity of sailors].

PMID- 676143
TI  - [Managing the history of a disease].

PMID- 676144
TI  - [Biochemical characterisitcs of the erythrocyte membranes in traumatic shock].

PMID- 676145
TI  - [Microflora of the conjunctival sac in chronic conjunctivitis].

PMID- 676146
TI  - [Bacterial flora of the conjunctiva of servicemen].

PMID- 676147
TI  - [Treatment of the hypertensive syndrome in arterial hypertension].

PMID- 676149
TI  - [Diagnosis of habitual shouder dislocation].

PMID- 676148
TI  - [Daily hemodynamic rhythm in hypertension patients].

PMID- 676150
TI  - [Discover and study what is new, introduce what is effective].

PMID- 676151
TI  - [For work efficiency and quality].

PMID- 676152
TI  - [Leading polyclinic].

PMID- 676153
TI  - [Training of military therapists].

PMID- 676154
TI  - [Advanced training of physicians in the military medical expertise of draftees
      and in medical health promotion among adolescents].

PMID- 676155
TI  - [Effectiveness of applying the principles of medical ethics and deontology in the
      hospital].

PMID- 676156
TI  - [Criteria of the effectiveness of sanatorium-health resort treatment].

PMID- 676157
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of toxic pulmonary edema at medical evacuation stages].

PMID- 676158
TI  - [Let us improve the work of military sanatoria].

PMID- 676159
TI  - [Open skull lesions and wounds].

PMID- 676160
TI  - [Treatment outcomes in chest wounds].

PMID- 676161
TI  - [Wounds of the abdomen].

PMID- 676162
TI  - [Organization of the centralized sterilization of medical instruments and
      materials].

PMID- 676163
TI  - [Beverages under heat load and intensive water metabolism].

PMID- 676164
TI  - [Effect of pulse accelerations on the state of the cardiovascular system in
      healthy persons].

PMID- 676165
TI  - [Autogenic training in the practical flight training of student pilots].

PMID- 676166
TI  - [Organization of emergency surgical care on board ships at sea].

PMID- 676167
TI  - [Effect of medical gymnastics and swimming in a swimming pool on hypertension
      patients].

PMID- 676168
TI  - [Experience with using automatic electrocardiogram analysis].

PMID- 676169
TI  - [Clinical x-ray diagnosis and treatment outcomes of perforated stomach and
      duodenal ulcers].

PMID- 676170
TI  - [Possibilities of using the EP-03 electric power-operated sprayer for aerosol
      disinfection in troop units].

PMID- 676171
TI  - [Organization of emergency medical care in a medical battalion].

PMID- 676172
TI  - [Foot mycoses].

PMID- 676173
TI  - [Guarding the health of navy men].

PMID- 676174
TI  - [Shelf life of injection solutions and eyedrops prepared under field conditions].

PMID- 676175
TI  - [Organization and medico-surgical care of the injured in the railroad accident
      near Vranjske Banje].

PMID- 676176
TI  - [Decline in morbidity from primary tuberculous exudative pleuritis in soldiers in
      the area of the Zagreb antituberculosis dispensary].

PMID- 676177
TI  - [The effect of detergents on Pediculus vestimenti].

PMID- 676178
TI  - [Use of sodium nitroprusside in anesthesia during neurosurgical intervention in
      intracranial aneurysms].

PMID- 676179
TI  - [Thrombocyte aggregation in ischemic heart diseases].

PMID- 676180
TI  - [Treatment of acute aggravated hypertension with diazoxide].

PMID- 676181
TI  - [Prevention of hepatitic B in health institutions].

PMID- 676182
TI  - [Definition, etiologic factors and specifics of trauma in a military population].

PMID- 676183
TI  - [Renal carbuncle].

PMID- 676184
TI  - [Dystopia of the end of the choledochal duct and pancreatic canal].

PMID- 676185
TI  - [Decreasing water radioactivity using an improvised filter].

PMID- 676186
TI  - [Clinical and experimental studies of regeneration and possibilities of large
      resection of the liver in surgical practice].

PMID- 676187
TI  - [Diagnosis of nervous system lesions in the newborn].

PMID- 676188
TI  - [Functional state of the cardiovascular system in healthy newborn infants and in
      those who have had asphyxia].

PMID- 676189
TI  - [Arterial pressure in premature infants with an intracranial birth injury].

PMID- 676190
TI  - [Therapeutic physical exercise and massage in the treatment of obstetric
      paralysis of the arm].

PMID- 676191
TI  - [Characteristics of the act of sucking and of gastric motility in healthy newborn
      infants and those born with a cerebral circulatory disorder].

PMID- 676192
TI  - [Serum protein study of newborn infants with intracranial birth injury and
      asphyxia].

PMID- 676193
TI  - [Right to an unclouded childhood].

PMID- 676194
TI  - [Aspects of autosensitization in different forms of hyperbilirubinemia in infants
      during the early neonatal period].

PMID- 676195
TI  - [Peritonitis in premature infants].

PMID- 676196
TI  - [Phenylalanine hydroxylase activity in the liver in children with the classic
      form of phenylketonuria].

PMID- 676197
TI  - [Characteristics of newborn infant adaptation in the instance of maternal
      diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 676198
TI  - [From a state of increased risk to respiratory organ disease in newborn infants].

PMID- 676199
TI  - [Effect of the course of pregnancy and labor on the gonadotropic function of the
      hypophysis in term newborn infants].

PMID- 676200
TI  - [Diagnosis of umbilical twisting around the fetal neck using an ultrasonic device
      based on the Doppler effect].

PMID- 676201
TI  - [Mass examination of newborn infants for mucoviscidosis].

PMID- 676202
TI  - [Immune response of infants in the 1st 2 years of life to a viral-bacterial
      infection of the respiratory tract].

PMID- 676203
TI  - [State of intrahepatic hemodynamics according to rheohepatographic data in
      children with accidental drug poisoningsA1].

PMID- 676204
TI  - [Course of pregnancy and the outcome of labor in fat metabolism disorder in
      women].

PMID- 676205
TI  - [Prospects for further improvement in organizing the fight against cancer].

PMID- 676206
TI  - [Status and developmental prospects of oncological statistics in the USSR].

PMID- 676207
TI  - [New proposals of the World Health Organization (WHO) on standardizing the
      evaluation of treatment results with oncological patients].

PMID- 676208
TI  - [Ways to coordinate research on the problem of malignant neoplasms].

PMID- 676209
TI  - [Oncological Scientific Center of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR].

PMID- 676210
TI  - [Questionnaire method in conducting prophylactic oncological examinations of the
      population of a rural locality].
AB  - The authors describe the method of conducting mass prophylactic oncological
      examinations by means of questionnaires at the first stage, which was developed
      at the N. N. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology of the USSR Ministry of
      Health. Questionnaires were aimed at the recognition of somatic pretumor and
      tumor lesions of the main localizations and the increase of oncological vigilance
      of general practitioners. The method has been tested on 11386 inhabitants of
      rural district of Leningrad and Novgorod Provinces. As a result of mass
      prophylactic oncological examinations 738 different pathologies were revealed (in
      6.6% of all questionnaires), pretumor lesions making 2.05% malignant neoplasms-
      0.06%. The use of the questionnaire method in conducting prophylactic
      examinations made it possible: to enhance their medical efficacy, to reduce the
      number of individuals subject to medical control, to employ instrumental
      laboratory tests on more proper grounds, and on the basis of a questionnaire to
      make a registry of the primary account of persons undergoing prophylactic
      examinations.

PMID- 676211
TI  - [Hospital care norms for treating patients with malignant neoplasms of the head
      and neck].
AB  - The authors have studied the rate of malignant head and neck tumors morbidity
      among the population of Vinnitsa Province for 1960--1974 as well as the condition
      of stationary medical service, frequency of hospitalization, and average terms of
      patients' stay at the hospital. The index for specialized hospital beds for
      patients with malignant head and neck tumors was found to be 2.6 per 100 000
      population. Within a 15-year period an average annual utilization of hospital
      beds for every 100 patients with lip cancer rated 7.2 beds, with cancer of the
      tongue--22.4, salivary glands--11.7, oral mucosa--19.7, pharynx--15.6, nose and
      sinuses--15.3, larynx--20.7, jaw--20.9, skin--5.3. These data may be rather
      helpful for the planned development of specialized hospitals at any site of the
      country.

PMID- 676212
TI  - [Malignant neoplasms in the USSR in 1975].

PMID- 676213
TI  - [Economic aspects of the fight against cancer].
AB  - Social importance of malignant neoplasms lies not only in the fact of high
      morbidity and mortality rates but also in the economic damage. One half of males
      and females develop malignant tumors in their prime of life. As a result, the
      economic damage according to the materials of Omsk Province reports, in
      particular, makes 770, 6 rubles in skin cancer, 1010, 6 rubles- in cancer of the
      lower lip as calculated per one patient. But general economic losses due to
      malignant tumors in Omsk Province reached 20 818 483, 4 rubles in 1970. Taking
      into account these data on approximate value for the whole country will amount to
      no less than 3.4 billion rubles.

PMID- 676214
TI  - [Blastomogenic activity of substance complexes that leached out of rubbers into
      food media].
AB  - The complex of agents migrating from low-dispersed soot resins PM-15 and PGM-33,
      injected in the stomach or applied onto the skin of mice C57Bl, showed an
      insignificant blastomogenic activity. Most sensitive to their effect were the
      tissues of organs at the site of injection (proventricular papillomas in 8.3% of
      cases, skin papillomas in 12.5%), in the lung (adenomas in 12.5%) and in the
      pancreas (fibroadenoma in 4.2%). In the negative control groups of animals no
      tumors of such localization were noted. The whole complex of substances migrating
      from resins renders the blastomogenic effect, i. e. there is a combined action
      with an enhancement of blastomogenic effect.

PMID- 676215
TI  - [Chronic anacid gastritis and stomach cancer].

PMID- 676216
TI  - [Endoscopic polypectomy in the diagnosis of stomach cancer].

PMID- 676217
TI  - [Resection of the esophageal-intestinal anastomosis against a background of
      peritonitis].

PMID- 676218
TI  - [Diagnosis of early forms of stomach cancer].

PMID- 676219
TI  - [Risk of stomach cancer in pretumorous states].
AB  - Analysis of the late results of the surgical treatment and longterm follow-up of
      non-operated patients with chronic benign diseases of the stomach evidences
      gastric cancer high-risk in patients with anacid gastritis, polyposis and 
      ulcerous disease. The gastric cancer high-risk groups should also include the
      patients previously subjected to surgery for ulcerous affection of polyposis of
      the given organ. From the point of view of the organization of oncological
      service, patients with the mentioned pretumor diseases of the stomach do need
      postoperatively a life-long dispensary supervision and regular check examination.

PMID- 676220
TI  - [Gastric peptic ulcer and cancer].
AB  - The authors report some peculiar features in the diagnosis and surgical treatment
      for cancer of the gastric stump and gastroenteroanastomosis in 13 patients,
      previously subjected to gastric resection and gastroenterostomy for duodenal
      ulcerous disease (4--34 years ago). The radical operation (subtotal or extensive
      gastrectomy) was performed in 9 patients, 3 of them died in the immediate
      postoperative period. Of 6 radically operated patients with a favourable outcome,
      late results were studied in 3. No tumor recurrence was noted. Histologically,
      there were adenocarcinoma--in 8, solid cancer--in 1, hemangioma--in 1, benign
      polyps--in 2 cases.

PMID- 676221
TI  - [Fibergastroscopy in the diagnosis of cancer of the stomach stump].
AB  - The work is based on studying the examination and therapy data of 108 patients
      with gastric stump cancer. In patients subjected to proximal gastric resection (8
      observations) tumor was recognized in all cases both by fibergastroscopy and
      radiography. Of 100 patients with cancer of the gastric stump following distal
      resection the true character of the pathology was revealed fibergastroscopically
      in 97% of cases, while radiographically--only in 86%. Directed gastrobiopsy and
      cytological test of the material obtained by fibergastroscopy supported the
      diagnosis of gastric stump cancer in 67.05% and 76.60% of cases accordingly.
      Squamous cell-infiltrative cancer of the gastric stump, located in the region of
      the postperative scar, proved to be mostly difficult to diagnose both by
      fibergastroscopy and radiography. No distinct correlation was noted between the
      efficiency of fibergastroscopy for diagnosing gastric stump cancer and the size
      of tumor, while tumors of no more than. 1.0--1.5 cm in diameter were found to be
      mostly difficult to diagnosis radiographically. Among 108 gastric stump cancer
      patients 25 patients were radically operated upon.

PMID- 676222
TI  - [Precancerous changes and the histogenesis of stomach cancer].
AB  - 142 cases of gastric cancer, 20 cases of chronic ulcer, 800 gastrobiopsies,
      performed for chronic gastritis, were studied morphologically. Adenocarcinoma and
      undifferentiated gastric cancer were found to have different precancerous lesions
      in the background. It was shown that among undifferentiated cancers the signs of 
      chronic ulcer preceding cancer are noted more frequently than among
      adenocarcinomas. Grave forms of atrophic gastritis and gastritis of the mucous
      membrane regeneration beyond the tumor were revealed more frequently in
      adenocarcinomas than in undifferentiated cancers. These precancerous affections
      were found to be associated with the proliferation of different cell elements of
      gastric mucous membrane, that conditions various listogenesis of basic
      histological forms of cancer of the stomach. The proliferation of the lining
      gastric pit epithelium, mainly observed in gastritis, results in the appearance
      of adenocarcinomas. The proliferation of the glandular epithelium, particularly
      that of glandular ducts in ulcerous disease would condition the development of
      undifferentiated forms of gastric cancer.

PMID- 676223
TI  - [Use of the cytological method in benign pathological processes of the stomach
      (based on data from the prophylactic examination of persons with a high risk of
      cancer morbidity)].
AB  - The author examined the cytographs of gastritis, polyps and ulcers according to
      the materials of the prophylactic examination of a dispensary group, comprising
      265 patients at high risk for gastric cancer. The differential features of the
      cytographs were examined in the cases in which the complex gastrogical
      investigation showed the concidence in the results of gastrofiberscopy,
      gastrobiopsy and cytological tests. The differential cytologic diagnosis of
      polyps and gastric ulcer is found to be possible in the presence of papillary
      structures in the first case, and in the second--a great variety of stromal
      infiltrate cell structure with the obligatory presence of lymphocytes, plasmatic
      cells, histiocytic elements, eosinophilous and neutrophilous leucoctyes. The
      differential cytological diagnosis between different histological forms of
      gastritis needs further studies.

PMID- 676224
TI  - [Modern concepts of pretumorous diseases and new methods of stomach cancer
      diagnosis].

PMID- 676225
TI  - [Clinical x-ray and fibergastroscopic comparisons in the diagnosis of different
      forms of stomach cancer growth].
AB  - A radiological examination associated with fibergastroscopy was performed in 145
      gastric cancer patients. All these patients were radically operated upon-
      extremely subtotal resection of the stomach was accomplished. The preoperative
      diagnosis of gastric cancer with both technics used simultaneously proved to be
      correct in 96.55%. However, the anatomical and ulcerous-infiltrative growth,
      especially in their cardiac and subcardiac localization are found to present the
      greatest diagnostic difficulties. The data obtained made it possible to believe
      that the detailed diagnosis of gastric cancer should comprise two steps--a
      radiological examination and fibergastroscopy.

PMID- 676226
TI  - [Malignant carcinoids of the stomach].
AB  - The work is concerned with the study of gastric tumors showing histological
      similarity with carcinoids, but differing from them by morphological and clinical
      signs of malignancy. A conclusion is made on the carcinoid nature of the
      neoplasms under consideration, the following evidences being presented: 1)
      despite some differences the tumors correspond histologically to classical
      carcinoids; 2) as in common carcinoids, argyrophil or argentaffine granules may
      be revealed in tumor cells; 3) the occurrences of tumors is related with a
      peculiar neoplastic transformation of glandular epithelium of the stomach
      resembling carcinoid rather than cancerous one. Not excluding the possibiltiy of
      their origin from common carcinoids, the author believes that they are likely to
      be primary malignant tumors.

PMID- 676227
TI  - [Clinical physiological evaluation of the splenopancreatogastrectomy operation in
      stomach cancer patients].
AB  - Clinico-physiological data on 52 patients after spleno-pancreatogastrectomy are
      analysed. The mortality was 25%, the late results were as follows: a 3-year
      survival--in 28%, a 5-year survival--in 14.7%, a 10-year survival--in 9%. This
      group of patients was examined for the functional state of the cholinergic
      system, carbohydrate metabolism, external respiration and basic metabolism.
      Carbohydrate metabolism is found to change but insignificantly and requires no
      corrective measures. The cholinergic system activity was reduced, that adversely
      affects the respiratory function and contributes to the decreased basic
      metabolism. The latter would necessitate including of cholinomimetics and
      lipocain in the scheme of the postoperative management.

PMID- 676228
TI  - [Patterns in the development of radiation tumors of the stomach and intestines].
AB  - In the experiments on dogs and rats it was shown that gastric and intestinal
      neoplasms arise under the influence of different kinds of radiation, these may be
      located in all portions of the stomach and bowel and are of a different
      histological origin. They are not infrequently primary multiple, mostly benign
      neoplasms which show multicentric growth. The frequency of tumors appearance,
      their localization, an average latent period, the degree of malignancy and
      multiplicity are conditioned by the amount of tissue dosage, the topography of
      their distribution in the alimentary tract and the level of total irradiation of
      the organism. With the increased dosage of local irradiation the latent period
      and multiplicity are decreased, while the incidence of malignancy raised. The
      optimum levels of the tissue dosage and the time of maximum tumor appearance were
      determined for each type of radiation.

PMID- 676229
TI  - [Peptic ulcer in the anamnesis of stomach cancer patients].
AB  - To recognize the causes of late diagnosis of gastric cancer in patients suffering
      ulcerous disease, in the oncological examination unit of Orekhovo-Zuevo, Moscow
      Province there was conducted a retrospective examination (for the period of 1970-
      1975) of the anamnesis of 35 gastric cancer patients (5.5%). As a rule, there
      were three periods in patients' address to medical specialist, namely: 1) seeking
      medical advice for chronic gastric affection; 2) a "calm" period; 3) a new
      character of gastric complaints with the ultimate diagnosis of gastric cancer.
      The late diagnosis of cancer of the stomach was due to number of errors on the
      part of general practitioners: undue cessation of dispensary supervision in a
      "calm" period of ulcerous disease, their being unable to recognize a new
      character of complaints after the remission, errors on the part of
      roentgenologists.

PMID- 676230
TI  - [Staging of primary cancer of the stomach stump].
AB  - Cancer of gastric stump arising after gastric resection, performed for ulcerous
      disease, did not differ biologically from cancer of non-operated stomach,
      therefore it may be classified by the same principles as common gastric cancer.
      An analysis of 67 cases of primary cancer of the remaining gastric portion, the
      study of the tumor localization and spread indicated the possibility to classify
      the cancer according to the 4--stage system and TNN system.

PMID- 676231
TI  - [Characteristics of the course of peritonitis in oncological patients].
AB  - Among 16 patients admitted into the Volynsk oncological dispensary with far
      advanced tumors of the stomach and colon, the tumor perforation was recognized
      prior to surgery only in a half of the cases. Despite marked local proliferation
      and distant metastases there may be a pronounced pain syndrome. The absence of
      parallelism between the moment of intestinal content getting into the abdominal
      cavity and the protective reaction of the anterior abdominal wall musculature was
      characteristic of these patients. While the symptoms of peritoneal irritation in
      perforated gastric cancer can be recognized within the period up to 2 hours, the
      perforation of rectal cancer is frequently not accompanied with peritoneal signs.
      Among gastric cancer patients the perforation was diagnosed within 6 hours in six
      cases. The time of recognition of perforated cancer of the transverse colon and
      rectum was 15--16 hours.

PMID- 676232
TI  - [Echocardiography in the diagnosis of rheumatic lesions of the heart in
      children].

PMID- 676233
TI  - [Disordered intracardiac conductivity study of rheumatism patients by registering
      local electrograms of the atria and bundle of His].

PMID- 676234
TI  - [Dispensary care of rheumatoid arthritis and Becterew's disease patients at a
      district polyclinic rheumatology office].

PMID- 676235
TI  - [Effect of exacerbations of the rheumatic process on the cost level of surgical
      treatment of patients with rheumatic-etiology acquired heart defects].

PMID- 676236
TI  - [Variant in the clinical course of "modern" systemic lupus erythematosus].

PMID- 676237
TI  - [Reiter's syndrome and ankylosing spondylarthritis].

PMID- 676238
TI  - [New developments in the pathogenesis and treatment of osteoarthrosis deformans
      and podagra (from materials of the XIV International Rheumatology Congress)].

PMID- 676239
TI  - Studies on splenic megakaryocytes. I. Recovery of megakaryocytes from the splenic
      venous outflow.
AB  - Spleens from 14 healthy adult cats were isolated and perfused with cell-free
      Ringer's solution. Histological studies on the splenic megakaryocytes, as well as
      a search for splenic megakaryocytes in samples of the splenic venous outflow,
      were performed. The samples of the splenic venous outflow contained a lower
      cellular concentration when perfusion was prolonged, but the number of
      megakaryocytes appearing in the venous samples increased. At least five different
      forms of megakaryocytes were observed from smears of the venous outflow: (i)
      unipolar, (ii) multipolar, (iii) foamy, (iv) mobile and (v) nuclear types. These
      types were also found in splenic venous outflow of dogs, kittens and bled cats.
      It is suggested that not only platelets but also the larger megakaryocytes can
      pass out of the splenic circulation. This may imply that megakaryocytes can be
      culled, matured in the splenic red pulp, and ultimately released into peripheral
      blood.

PMID- 676240
TI  - Lack of linkage between hereditary angioedema and the A and B loci of the HLA
      system.
AB  - A large 81 member, four-generation black family with hereditary angioedema is
      reported with regards to its clinical course and the association with the
      histocompatibility system. No mortality was seen related directly to the disease.
      Assuming that this trait is autosomal dominant it appeared to have no linkage
      with the histocompatibility system as noted by an estimated recombination rate in
      males and females of 0.5 and a maximum lod score of 0.0. Further evidence of no
      linkage is given by the fact that lod scores below -3.0 were observed for values
      of theta less than 0.5.

PMID- 676241
TI  - Radioimmunoassay for the detection of the antibody against hepatitis-B-core
      antigen (anti-HBc).
AB  - In this paper we describe a new sensitive solid phase radioimmunoassay for the
      detection of anti-HBc. This test was shown to be more sensitive than the widely
      used immune adherence hemagglutination test (IAHA) and at least as sensitive as
      the radioimmunoassay using the blocking principle. The new test system appears to
      be very useful to screen larger groups of individuals (e.g. blood donors) for the
      presence of anti-HBc.

PMID- 676242
TI  - Different fates of hepatitis B virus markers during plasma fractionation: a clue
      to the infectivity of blood derivatives.
AB  - Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBs Ag) and associated particles, e antigen (e Ag)
      and DNA polymerase are unevenly distributed during Cohn's cold ethanol
      fractionation of plasmas positive for these markers of the hepatitis B virus
      (HBV). Most of the e Ag, Dane particles and DNA polymerase are retained in
      fraction III whereas the bulk of HBs Ag is recovered in fraction IV where only 22
      nm spheres and short filaments are still identified. These results suggest that
      differences in quantitative distribution of HB virions together with alteration
      of infectious particles during the fractionation process may in addition to heat
      inactivation account for the relative hepatitis risk of the various plasma
      derivatives.

PMID- 676243
TI  - Dose-dependent destruction of A1 cells by anti-A1.

PMID- 676244
TI  - Abnormal glycolipid composition of erythrocytes with a weak P antigen.
AB  - The erythrocytes of a normal man were agglutinated more weakly than normal cells
      by several anti-P1PPK sera, and exhibited a decreased capacity to absorb these
      antibodies. Analysis of his erythrocyte glycosphingolipids revealed that the
      globoside (P antigen) content was less than 25% of normal, and trihexosyl
      ceramide (the PK antigen) was 30-40% of normal. The ganglioside content of his
      erythrocytes was approximately four times normal and sialosylparagloboside was
      increased about sixfold. It appears that his erythrocytes was unable to
      synthesize normal quantities of trihexosyl ceramide, and that these serological
      and chemical features constitute a new phenotype in the P blood group system.

PMID- 676245
TI  - Serological studies of the H activity of Oh red cells with various anti-H
      reagents.
AB  - Several examples of Oh cells have been investigated with various anti-H reagents.
      After enzyme treatment of the cells with either papain or neuraminidase, very
      high titres were obtained, particularly with some preparations of Ulex europeus.
      Fractionation of anti-H Ulex showed that the anti-H component inhibitable by L
      fucose required papain treatment of the Oh cells for optimal activity whereas the
      component not inhibitable by L-fucose agglutinated preferentially Oh cells
      treated with neuraminidase. The anti-H lectin Cytisus sessifolius which is not
      inhibitable by L-fucose gave no reaction with papain-treated Oh cells but reacted
      well when the Oh cells were treated with neuraminidase. Normal O cells were
      almost equally well agglutinated by the lectins when treated by either of the two
      enzymes. That the various lectin components activated by enzymes had H
      specificity was shown by the fact that their activity was inhibited by purified H
      substance, partially inhibited to L-fucose and 2-fucosyllactose and not at all by
      purified Lea substance and non-secretor salivas. In spite of the high titres
      obtained with Oh cells by the enzyme technique, the amount of H present on the
      red cells, judged by inhibition tests, in comparison with normal group O cells
      was very small.

PMID- 676246
TI  - Unusual inheritance in the ABO blood group system: a group O child from a group
      A2B mother.
AB  - A serologically typical group A2B mother with no unusual anti-A or anti-B
      agglutinins delivered a normal group O infant with no demonstrable A or B
      antigens. By the age of 1 year the child had developed anti-A and anti-B
      agglutinins. He had H antigen and secreted H substance in his saliva. A second
      group O child has since been born. Although family studies were inconclusive, the
      most likely explanation is that the mother is a cis-AB. If this is the case, she
      differs from other reported cis-ABs in her apparently normal B antigen and the
      lack of anti-B antibodies in her serum.

PMID- 676247
TI  - [Further developments in public health in the Ukrainian SSR].

PMID- 676248
TI  - [Effect of vitamins C and P on activity of succinate and lactate dehydrogenase of
      renal tissue in animal experiments].

PMID- 676249
TI  - [Bronchial asthma caused by allergy to tendipes gnats].

PMID- 676250
TI  - [Mercazolil in treatment of patients with chronic pulmonary insufficiency].

PMID- 676251
TI  - [Examination of patients with previous acute and present chronic pneumonia].

PMID- 676252
TI  - [Radiographic diagnosis of lung infarction].

PMID- 676253
TI  - [Concentration and excretion of isoniazid and PAS in patients with tuberculosis
      depending on  the functional status of the kidney].

PMID- 676254
TI  - [Differential diagnosis in pseudotuberculosis].

PMID- 676255
TI  - [Case of multiple race congenital abnormalities].

PMID- 676256
TI  - [Comparative morphochemical analysis of changes in free and on blood vessel
      pedicle adrenal allograft at various times following transplantation].

PMID- 676257
TI  - [Rehabilitation of patients with lumbosacral radiculitis in a central district
      hospital].

PMID- 676258
TI  - [Ultrasonics in the diagnosis of brain edema and swelling].

PMID- 676259
TI  - [Effects of pesticides on the immunogenesis].

PMID- 676260
TI  - [Clinical aspects of cerebral infarct in patients with alcohol intoxication].

PMID- 676261
TI  - [Acid-base imbalance and its treatment in severe forms of delirium tremens].

PMID- 676262
TI  - [Functional changes in the development of vibration disease in workers of the
      mining industry].

PMID- 676263
TI  - [Health improvement measures in superphosphate industry for workers with
      respiratory organ diseases].

PMID- 676264
TI  - [Clinical picture of measles in adults and adolescents].

PMID- 676265
TI  - [Characteristics of the course of viral hepatitis in elderly patients].

PMID- 676266
TI  - [Cases of ornithosis].

PMID- 676267
TI  - [Current concepts on neuro-humoral factors in pathogenesis of hypertension
      (review of the literature)].

PMID- 676268
TI  - [Indices of hemodynamics in early stages of hypertension].

PMID- 676269
TI  - [Skibinski coefficent in patients with hypertension and associated obesity].

PMID- 676270
TI  - [Blood coagulation and fibrinolysis in patients with ischemic heart disease and
      arterial hypertension or hypotension].

PMID- 676271
TI  - [Age-related changes in the major arterial vessels of the greater and lesser
      circulation].

PMID- 676272
TI  - [Amiodarone in the treatment of patients with ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 676273
TI  - [Isolated infarction of the right ventricle in chronic cor pulmonale].

PMID- 676274
TI  - [Embryonal fibroma of the heart].

PMID- 676275
TI  - [Pulmonary lesions in acute leukosis].

PMID- 676276
TI  - [Elastic-viscous properties of the arteries and their correlation with blood
      lipids in patients with macular degeneration of the retina].

PMID- 676277
TI  - [Effect of Morshin mineral waters on pancreatic and liver function after gastric
      resection].

PMID- 676278
TI  - [Vitamin balance of patients with ulcer disease and associated liver and
      pancretic diseases].

PMID- 676279
TI  - [Use of tisercin in ulcer disease].

PMID- 676280
TI  - [Function of the liver and pancreas following cholecystectomy].

PMID- 676281
TI  - [Microelement composition of the blood and small intestine secretions in patients
      with chronic enterocolitis under various types of treatment].

PMID- 676282
TI  - [Liver function in patients with obesity].

PMID- 676283
TI  - [Specific features of the treatment of acute cholecystitis in the middle-aged and
      old patients].

PMID- 676284
TI  - [Perspectives of using viruses for protection of plants and principles of the
      evaluation of their safety for man and environment].

PMID- 676285
TI  - [Effect of ozokerite administration on hyperbilirubinemia of patients with
      chronic persistent viral hepatitis].

PMID- 676286
TI  - [Indices of phagocytic activity of leukocytes and leukocyte glycogen content in
      liver diseases].

PMID- 676287
TI  - [Methods spleen palpation].

PMID- 676288
TI  - [Cytological study in differential diagnosis of bladder neoplasms].

PMID- 676289
TI  - [Pregnancy and labor in women with single kidney].

PMID- 676290
TI  - [Use of atomic absorption spectrometry for blood and serum analysis].

PMID- 676291
TI  - [Benign intermittent intrahepatic cholestasis].
AB  - Two cases with benign intermittent intrahepatal cholestasis are described for the
      first time. Young males are concerned with repeated mechanical jaundice with free
      bile ducts at operation and roentgenologically. The prognosis of both cases was
      favourable. The effect of periarterial sympathectomy is discussed as well as the
      T-shape drainage application.

PMID- 676292
TI  - [Pathogenesis of diabetes in adulthood. II. The nature of the insulin secretory
      defect].
AB  - Insulin secretion was studied during three successive stimulations: with
      tolbutamid, with tolbutamid +0.25 g glucose/kg body weight and with tolbutamid
      +0.50 g glucose/kg body weight in 30 patients with diabetes mellitus at a mature
      age, subdivided into two groups (SUP-sensitive and SUP-resistant). The rate of
      insulin secretion was found, in the first 10 minutes (early insulin secretion) to
      depend only on tolbutamid, remaining constant with blood sugar level fluctuations
      from 90 to 254 mg%. Later, insulinemia was higher in the test with combined
      loading, being most manifested with the most massive glucose loading. Similar
      correlation was not observed in the group of SUP resistant patients with
      diabetes. The results provide grounds to conclude that in SUP-sensitive diabetes,
      the ability of B-cells to synthesize and secrete insulin is being preserved but
      the sensitivity of glucose receptor versus the signal glucose information was
      declined. At the same time, the signal sensitivity versus other stimulations of
      insulin secretion, tolbutamid in this case, was still preserved. In this way, one
      of the possible pathogenic mechanisms of diabetes development at a mature age is
      elucidated.

PMID- 676293
TI  - [Total thyroxine level in human serum].
AB  - Eighteen healthy subjects and 42 patients with diseases of the thyroid gland were
      examined. Total thyroxin in serum was determined in all, by past StaT4 (Oxford
      laboratories) and according to the method of Murphy and Pattee, modified by
      Benotty and Peno. Thyroxin values obtained, by the two methods, were similar and
      correlated well with the subjects' clinical state. Certain advantages of paste
      StaT4 were established, making it more applicable in clinical practice as
      compared with the procedure of the modified method of Murphy and Pattee.

PMID- 676294
TI  - [Clinical and laboratory studies of the hemorrhagic syndrome in hypo- and
      aplastic anemias].
AB  - Hemorrhagic manifestations were found in 142 (66.6%) out of 213 followed up
      patients with hypo- and aplastic anemia. Detailed clinical-laboratory study on
      the hemorrhagic syndrome was conducted in 58 of them. The hemorrhagic
      manifestations display a considerable polymorphism, being present both at the
      onset of the disease and its course. Changes in the laboratory tests were also
      found, associated mainly with thrombocytopenia. The tests, reflecting coagulation
      states, were most often normal. In four of the patients, hemorrhagia was due to
      disseminated intravasal coagulation. No correlation was found between granulocyte
      number and Factor VIII level.

PMID- 676295
TI  - [Maximal forced expiration indices in young symptom-free smokers].
AB  - The indices of maximal forced expiration were investigated spirographically, with
      flowmeter of Wright and pneumotachorgaphically in 205 symptonless smokers and 154
      healthy subjects, aged 18 to 28. In 16.7 to 26.7 per cent of the young
      symptomless smokers with normal forced vital capacity and forced expiratory
      volume per second, anomalies in some of the indices, determined
      pneumotachographically were found, namely MMEFR75--85, T25--75, V25, PEFR/V25.

PMID- 676296
TI  - [Climate therapy studies at Sandaski health resort of bronchial asthma patients
      during the cold and warm months of the year].
AB  - Two hundred patients with bronchial asthma were examined, 110 being examined
      during the warm and 90 during the cold months of the year. The bioclimatic
      constants of Sandanski resort have a favourable effect upon the clinical and
      functional indices. Especially manifested in the effect during the cold months of
      the year. The results obtained are with a high statistical significance. The very
      favourable effect on the bronchial asthma patients, both during the warm and cold
      months at Sandanski resort, makes it unique for a round-year climate treatment.
      The problem treats national and international interests.

PMID- 676297
TI  - [Functional changes in the respiratory system in acquired heart defects].
AB  - A total of 52 patients were examined, 8 out of them healthy and 44 patients with
      acquired valves defects without accompanying pulmonary and other diseases. The
      indices of external respiration, alveolar-arterial gradients for O2 and CO2 were
      followed up as well as diffusion capacity of lungs and its components, acid
      alkaline balance, functional and real shunts in the pulmonary circulation, etc.
      The summed up results revealed that considerable disturbances in external
      respiration, leading mainly to a restrictive ventilatory syndrome, developed with
      the lesion of myocardium and valve apparatus of the heart. The values of
      diffusion lung capacity for CO and its components--Dm and Vc are decreased. O2
      and CO2 metabolism was disturbed. The results pointed to a moderately manifested
      hypoxemia, marked elevation of alveolar-arterial gradients for O2 and presence of
      respiratory alkalosis. A considerable increase in the functional and real shunts
      of the lungs were established, manifestations of the disturbed pulmonary
      ventilation and hemodynamics in the pulmonary circulation.

PMID- 676298
TI  - [Ergometric assessment of lung-heart function in obesity in young men].
AB  - Increased quantitiy of lean body mass, obstructive ventilatory syndrome and
      elevated initial maximal arterial pressure were found in 47 obese as compared
      with 70 control males, all aged 18--24. With the progressive cycling loading on a
      veloergometer up to an oxygen uptake of 1.5 1/min--1, considerably higher oxygen
      uptake was established in the obese as comparable loading grades and in some of
      the cases--hypeptensive reaction was found. The physical work capacity (PWC170)
      is insignificantly decreased and the ventilatory parameters were unchanged as
      compared with the control group. With obesity among young males, the physical
      work capacity was concluded to be decreased and the frequency of cardiac
      activity, with submaximal loading, to be increased on both cases--per one unit of
      body weight, per one unit of lean body mass resp.

PMID- 676299
TI  - [Gastric secretion study by maximal pentagastrin stimulation in healthy persons
      and peptic ulcer patients].
AB  - Gastric secretion was investigated in 187 subjects under conditions of maximal
      stimulation with pentagastrin. Thirty subjects, out of them, were healthy, 30-
      with gastric ulcer, 110--with duodenal ulcer and 17--with double ulcer
      localization--in duodenum and stomach. The indices of gastric secretion in
      duodenal ulcer and ulcer disease with double localization are considerably higher
      than those on the healthy subjects and differ essentially. With single gastric
      ulcer they are significantly lower than those of the healthy controls.

PMID- 676300
TI  - [Changes in uricemia in acute myocardial infarct].
AB  - The authors studied in dynamics the concentration of uric acid in 84 patients in
      the acute stage of myocardial, in 28 patients with non-stable stenocardia. The
      average value of uricemia, in the first 1--2 days post infarction is 6.35 +/-
      2.23 mg%, considerably higher than that in case of non-stable stenocardia--4.75
      +/- 1.25 mg%. In all the patients with myocardial infarction, 34.04 per cent have
      uricemia over 6 mg% (upper limit of the norm). The hypouricemia was normalized by
      the 14--15 day after the onset of infarction--4.25 mg%. The highest values of
      uric acid (up to 13 mg%) were found in case of severely progressing infarctions.
      A parallelism was established between serum concentration of uric acid and the
      creatinine-phosphokinase level. The possible pathogenic mechanisms of
      hyperuricemia in the acute stage of myocardial infarction are discussed.

PMID- 676301
TI  - [Changes in the carotid sphymogram and apex cardiogram in the mesosystolic click
      telesystolic apical murmur syndrome].
AB  - Synchronous records of ECG, PhCG, CSG and ACG were made of 25 patients with the
      syndrome of mesosystolic click-telesystolic apex murmur as well as of 62 subjects
      with healthy hearts. Mesosystolic retraction in CSG was found in 14 patients
      (57%) and incisura of the ACG systolic wave in 22 patients (88%). Similar changes
      were not established in the subjects with healthy hearts. The possibility of
      explanation of the changes found are discussed and those CSG and ACG changes are
      concluded to be useful as additional bloodless methods in the diagnosis of the
      syndrome of mesosystolic click-telesystolic apex murmur.

PMID- 676302
TI  - [Serum lipid group response after intralipid loading].
AB  - A method is presented for the determination of serum lipid groups changes in
      conditions of venous fatty tolerance test as well as for time defining in
      reaching the initial levels of serum triglycerides. A variant of the quantitative
      thin-layer chromatography is applied, combined with carbonization and
      densitometry for lipid groups determination in the serum of 40 patients,
      subdivided into four groups: with  chronic ischemic heart disease, with arterial
      hypertension, with obesity and a control ggroup. Lipid analysis was carried out
      by the 5th, 20th and 40th minute after the beginning of the test. After loading
      with Intralipid, it was established to develop quantitative changes not only in
      triglycerides but in the rest of the lipid groups as well. At the same time, the
      time for reaching the initial values of triglycerides, calculated by
      extrapolation, shows significant differences between the control group and those
      with ischemic heart disease and arterial hypertension. The investigation method
      adopted guarantees more thorough information about lipid changes after Intralipid
      infection, than the method with the determination of plasma opasity in
      corresponding time intervals. The criterion "time for reaching the initial
      values" characterized more fully the dynamic changes in triglycerides and could
      be used in the detection of latent anomalies in lipid metabolism.

PMID- 676303
TI  - [Distribution and characteristics of chronic constipation among a part of the
      population of Sofia District].
AB  - The authors studied the chronic constipation morbidity among the Sofia district
      population. It was established that 20.6 per cent of the efficient population is
      affected. The effect of numerous factors upon the defecation rhythm and
      constipation incidence is statistically studied. The subjective patient's
      assessment in the disease diagnosis is underlined. The clinical characteristic of
      the disease and the present state of the treatment are determined on the base of
      the data obtained by the inquiry carried out among 3509 inhabitants from the
      district. The necessity of wider health education upon the problem among the
      population is stressed upon.

PMID- 676304
TI  - [Malignant degeneration of a primary leiomyoma of the inferior vena cava
      (leiomyosarcoma) with the clinical picture of the chiari-budd syndrome (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Malignant degeneration of primary leiomyoma of the dorsal wall of the upper
      segment of the inferio vena cava (leiomyosarcoma) is reported in connection with
      the Chiari-Budd Syndrome. The facilities for improved ultrasonic diagnosis are
      pointed out and, hence, the possibility of earlier initiation of therapy.

PMID- 676305
TI  - [Statistical aynalysis of tumour cases at the University Department of Maxillo
      Facial Surgery, Vienna].
AB  - 39,606 pathological reports issuing from the Department of Pathology, University
      of Vienna, during the years 1936, 1956 and 1976 were examined retrospectively.
      The Department of Maxillo-facial Surgery had referred 3.2% of the specimens. On
      analysis of the individual diagnoses, carcinoma was represented by 36.6% of the
      cases. Age, sex, distribution and tumour localization data are recorded in
      tabular form. In addition, data concerning in-patients treated for tumours at the
      Department of Maxillo-facial Surgery from 1974 to 1976 were stored in the
      Computer Centre of the University of Vienna. These data were subsequently
      analysed with regard to diagnosis, sex and average age of the patients.

PMID- 676306
TI  - [Osteopathy and serum parathormone and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol levels in
      patients on long-term haemodialysis (author's transl)].
AB  - Skeletal radiological changes were analyzed in 22 patients treated by chronic
      haemodialysis. Furthermore, the serum parathormone and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol
      concentrations were determined. X-ray evidence of renal osteopathy was found in
      13 patients (59%). Extraskeletal calcification, subperiostal erosions and
      cystoids were the predominant lesions. Serum iPTH concentrations were increased
      in 21 out of 22 haemodialyzed patients. The serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol
      concentration was normal. The results of this study seem to indicate that other
      factors apart from secondary hyperparathyroidism have a share in the development
      of renal osteopathy in patients on chronic haemodialysis.

PMID- 676307
TI  - [Influence of topical ice application on accommodation ability (the mechanism of
      action of cryotherapy) (author's transl)].
AB  - An investigation was carried out on 100 muscles (14 patients) and it is concluded
      that the ability to accommodate by nerve and muscle fibres is influenced by the
      topical application of ice. The factor of accommodation, the Reizungsdivisor
      according to Kries [6], was determiend before and after cryotherapy. This ratio,
      which is an index of adequate muscle-fibre innervation, was significantly
      depressed after the application of ice.

PMID- 676308
TI  - [Application of acerbine, a mixture of organic acids containing propylene glycol
      as lotion or ointment in paediatric surgery (author's transl)].
AB  - Acerbine has been available for clinical trial since three years ago. Promotion
      of epithelialization, as well as antiphlogistic, antibacterial and fungicidal
      actions have been attributed to this preparation. This paper presents a critical
      appraisal of our own results with Acerbine; initial scepsis was soon dispelled by
      the evident efficacy of this preparation, both in the form of a lotion and
      ointment, and its wide scope of application. Moreover, our own studies revealed
      an excellent effect on keloids, which became smoother and visibly paler. A very
      good prophylactic and curative effect was observed in respect to all types of
      skin transplantation. So far Acerbine has been successfully applied in 117
      patients who have completed their course of treatment. Acerbine is being
      currently employed in the case of 16 further patients who are still in hospital.
      No untoward side effects were recorded. Our findings confirm the opinion of other
      authors that hospitalization is shortened by the use of this preparation. The
      availability, more recently, of the new preparation in form of an ointment
      enables treatment to be continued on an ambulant basis or at home in many cases.
      Certain new fiies. The results of further explorative investigations into these
      aspects are under review at present.

PMID- 676309
TI  - [Plasma 25-hydroxycholecalciferol after daily vitamin D administration in
      comparison with massive single-dose prophylaxis (author's transl)].
AB  - The effect of daily administration of 1200 IU vitamin D3 was compared with the
      response to a single oral dose of 200,000 IU in 21 young infants by determination
      of the plasma 25-OHCC levels. After about one week the mean value recorded in
      group 1 was 27 +/- 13 ng/ml; the corresponding value in group 2 was 127 +/- 78.4
      ng/ml. At the second control examination about one month subsequently, the mean
      values were 61 +/- 26.2 ng/ml and 104 +/- 69.0 ng/ml respectively. The wide range
      of values found in the single-dose group clearly demonstrates the advantage of
      daily vitamin D administration for routine prophylaxis against rickets in
      infancy.

PMID- 676310
TI  - [Comment on the paper by Korninger H.C. and Lenz K: Poisonings in childhood.
      Wiener klinische Wochenschrift 90 (1), 1-7 (1978)].

PMID- 676311
TI  - [Results of radical Wertheim's operation 1964 to 1972 (author's transl)].
AB  - In the years 1964 to 1972 239 women with cervical carcinoma were treated by
      extended abdominal radical (Wertheim's) operation at the II. Department of
      Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Vienna. The total number of invasive
      cervical carcinomas is decreasing in comparison with previous years, but the
      figure of 40% cases treated surgically remains stable. 69.5% of the women are
      alive after a 5-year observation period, the figure for stage Ib being 71.4% and
      for stage II 55.2%. In cases with positive lymph nodes an improved 5-year
      survival rate is demonstrated and the total number of patients who died of
      carcinoma is reduced in comparison with the respective figures for previous
      years.

PMID- 676312
TI  - [Age distribution of women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive
      cervical cancer. Its importance for the evaluation of the efficacy of cervical
      cytological screening (author's transl)].

PMID- 676313
TI  - [Hormone profiles and hormone therapy in early pregnancy (author's transl)].
AB  - Hormone profiles in early pregnancy were established in 67 women and correlated
      to simultaneously performed ultrasonic examinations. Normal values for human
      chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), human chorionic somatotropin (HCS), oestradiol (E2)
      and progesterone (P) were established from the data obtained in 30 early
      pregnancies which culminated in the birth of a living child. Lowered HCG values
      were found in 17 out of 23 pregnancies which ended in miscarriage. In these cases
      ultrasonic examination failed to detect any heart action. Lowered HCS values
      after the 9th week of pregnancy are also certain proof of missed abortion. P and
      E2 values are shown to be a parameter reflecting activity of the corpus luteum
      graviditatis. In clomiphene- and gonadotropin-induced pregnancies higher values
      were found than in pregnancies managed by substitution treatment with twice
      weekly 10 mg oestradiolvalerianate + 500mg 17alpha-hydroxyprogesteronecapronate.
      Lowered P and E2 values with HCG values in the normal range indicate imminent
      insufficiency of the corpus luteum graviditatis. Pros and cons of hormonal
      therapy in early pregnancy are discussed.

PMID- 676314
TI  - [The development of uteroplacental flow-rate determination (author's transl)].
AB  - This paper reviews the technique of nuclear placental flow-rate determination
      developed in 3 stages at the I. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology,
      University of Vienna. It particularly highlights the diagnostic potential of the
      most recent development, which is based on iterative regression, by quoting
      pertinent figures. In 153 females with type I flow-rate patterns the diagnosis
      proved to be correct in 82.2% of cases. 26 patients had pathological flow-rate
      patterns and 20 of the infants born to this group of mothers had moderate to
      severe dystrophy due to reduced placental function. The placental perfusion test,
      another recent development, is of particular significance in differentiating
      between the causes underlying reduced placental blood flow. These two techniques
      have internationally conquered a firm position in the battery of placental
      perfusion studies designed to assist in the diagnosis and treatment of placental
      insufficiency.

PMID- 676315
TI  - [Blood coagulation parameters in prostaglandin-induced labour after intrauterine
      fetal death (author's transl)].
AB  - Pregnancy termination by the intraamniotic injection of hypertonic saline may
      result in coagulation defects. This complication seems to be uncommon with
      prostaglandins. The present study was designed to elucidate any possible effects
      of prostaglandin administration on coagulation parameters in patients with fetal
      death in utero. Labour was induced in 20 cases of intrauterine fetal death by
      either intravenous (11) or intramuscular (9) administration of Sulprostone.
      Normotest, thrombin clotting time, ethanol fractionation, fibrinogen level and
      platelet count were obtained in each patient prior to and immediately after drug
      administration. Although retention of the fetus for as long as 84 days was
      recorded (mean 14 days), no patient presented with abnormal clotting parameters.
      Prostaglandin induction was successful in all 20 cases. After explosion of the
      fetus, coagulation parameters were not significantly different from pretreatment
      values. Estimated blood loss never exceeded 500 cc. It is concluded that
      intramuscular or intravenous administration of Sulprostone for induction of
      labour in fetal death in utero does not affect the clotting system nor trigger
      off disseminated intravascular coagulation.

PMID- 676316
TI  - [Prolactin in the woman. Some new diagnostic and therapeutic aspects for the
      gynecologist (author's transl)].

PMID- 676317
TI  - [Ultrasonic diagnosis of ovarian tumours (author's transl)].
AB  - Precise knowledge of the echoanatomy of the normal female pelvis is a
      prerequisite in the diagnosis of ovarian tumours. Diagnostic criteria for the
      differentiation between cystic and solid lesions are discussed. The echographic
      appearance of uni-, multilocular, dermoid and endometriosis cysts and of ovarian
      cancer is described. 183 ovarian tumours were examined in the period from January
      1st, 1976 until December 31st, 1977 and the preoperative diagnosis compared with
      the findings at operation, both macroscopic and histological. 158 cases (86.3%)
      were correctly diagnosed. In 13 cases (7.1%) the diagnosis was only partially
      correct. An incorrect ultrasonic diagnosis was made in only 12 cases (6.6%). Out
      of 183 cases the side of the lesion was correctly diagnosed in 128 patients
      (70.0%). Localization of the tumour could not be achieved or was totally wrong in
      19 cases (10.4%). Estimated tumour dimensions concurred with the macroscopic
      measurements of the specimen in 90.7%. A false-positive result was recorded in 7
      cases (3.8%), mostly due to a full bowel simulating a cyst of barely 4 cm in
      diameter. In 5 cases (2.7%) ultrasonic examination failed to detect the existence
      of a tumour. 2 of these tumours were follicular cysts under 4 cm in diameter. 2
      ovarian cancers were missed. In 1 case the ovary was only slightly enlarged and
      the diagnosis was made only by frozen-section histology. In the second case the
      tumour was erroneously interpreted as originating from the sigmoid colon.
      Ultrasonic diagnosis is recommended for the detection and differentiation of
      ovarian tumours on the basis of the good results achieved.

PMID- 676318
TI  - [Experiences with a computer documentation of obstetrical data (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Experiences with a computer information system at the 2nd Department of
      Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Vienna Medical School are reported. The
      data input is done via video-terminals located at different places in the
      department. Included are anamnestic data, results of physical examinations,
      pelvic examinations and laboratory findings and data concerning the course of
      delivery. The print-out of the stored data replaces the conventional charts. The
      advantages of this information system are: 1. The support of the clinical routine
      work by a more accurate and systematic documentation; 2. a comprehensive
      compiling of the patients data; 3. all stored data are readily available for
      scientific evaluation.

PMID- 676319
TI  - [Unusual otoliquorrhea and recurring meningitis].

PMID- 676320
TI  - [A simple cartilage preserving method for sptum correction].

PMID- 676321
TI  - [The treatment of traumatic combined laryngeal and tracheal injuries].

PMID- 676322
TI  - [Congenital interior esophageal stenosis].

PMID- 676323
TI  - [The drum and the tympanic membrane. Effect of acoustics on biorhythms].

PMID- 676324
TI  - [Frontobasal injuries. Principles of surgical treatment with special reference to
      highly concentrated human fibrinogen as a tissue adhesive].

PMID- 676325
TI  - [Cranioplasty of posttraumatic frontal skull defects].

PMID- 676326
TI  - [Hypoxemia and nystagmus reaction].

PMID- 676327
TI  - [The modified "Senstrom-plsty" for the treatment of prominent earlobes].

PMID- 676328
TI  - [Clinical tolerance of a new batch of intramuscularly injectable co-trimoxazole
      (Bacterim "Roche") in patients with bronchopulmonary infections].

PMID- 676329
TI  - Advances in the treatment of burns--introduction.

PMID- 676330
TI  - Topical therapy for control of bacteria in the burn wound.

PMID- 676331
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of inhalation injury.

PMID- 676332
TI  - Metabolic changes following thermal injury.

PMID- 676333
TI  - A morphometric study of the effects of bile on the G cells of the antral mucosa
      of the dog.

PMID- 676334
TI  - Evaluation of "alkaline" reflux esophagitis after total gastrectomy in Henley and
      Roux-en-Y reconstructive procedures.

PMID- 676335
TI  - Phalloarteriography in the diagnosis of erectile impotence.

PMID- 676336
TI  - An experimental study of parietal cell vagotomy with further graduated
      denervation of the antrum.

PMID- 676337
TI  - Fibrin formation during asanguinous normothermic perfusion of the isolated rat
      liver.

PMID- 676338
TI  - Significance of solitary mediastinal shadow in patients with previous malignancy.

PMID- 676339
TI  - The annual "Blue Book" issue.

PMID- 676340
TI  - Isopropylbiphenyl metabolism in the rat. Relationships between metabolism,
      pharmacology and toxicology.

PMID- 676341
TI  - Enzymic oxidation alpha to the acetylenic group in the metabolism of N-(5
      pyrrolidinopent-3-ynyl)-succinimide (BL 14) in vitro.
AB  - 1. The product of alpha-acetylenic oxidation of N-(5-pyrrolidinopent-3-ynyl)
      succinimide (BL 14) by rat liver preparations was identified as N-(5-pyrrolidino
      2-hydroxypent-3-ynyl)succinimide, by mass spectral analysis of metabolites of
      deuterium-labelled and non-labelled substrate. 2. The synthesis and
      physicochemical characteristics of the metabolite are reported. 3. Substantial
      amounts of the metabolite were obtained in preparations from phenobarbital
      treated rats, while only minute amounts were formed by non-induced preparations.
      4. Evidence for the involvement of an inducible cytochrome P-450 system in
      effecting this alpha-acetylenic oxidation is presented.

PMID- 676342
TI  - The metabolism of a bronchodilator procaterol HCL in the rat in vitro and in
      vivo.
AB  - 1. The metabolism of the bronchodilator, 5-(1-hydroxy-2-isopropylamino-butyl)-8
      hydroxycarbostyril hydrochloride hemihydrate (procaterol HCl), has been studied
      in vitro and in vivo after oral and intravenous administration to rats. 2. The
      recovery of [14 C] procaterol HCl and its metabolites in 72 h was about 42% each
      in urine and faeces for an oral dose (30 mg/kg) and about 53% in urine and 33% in
      faeces for an intravenous dose (30 mg/kg). 3. Six metabolites in rat excreta were
      identified as procaterol glucuronide, 5-(2-amino-1-hydroxybutyl)-8
      hydroxycarbostyril (desisopropylprocaterol), 5-formyl-8-hydroxycarbostyril (5
      formyl-8-HCS), 8-hydroxycarbostyril (8-HCS), procaterol sulphate and unchanged
      procaterol. 4. In experiments in vitro, procaterol HCl was metabolized into
      desisopropylprocaterol, 5-formyl-8-HCS, and their conjugates, by rat liver 9000 g
      supernatant fraction, but not by preparations of kidney, lung and small
      intestine. Conjugation of procaterol HCl with glucuronic acid occurred in liver
      and small intestine preparations.

PMID- 676343
TI  - Effect of nitrite on microsomal cytochrome P-450.
AB  - 1. Addition of nitrite to anaerobic rat liver microsomes leads to the appearance
      of a difference spectrum similar to the spectrum of the ferrous cytochrome P-450
      NO complex. A Soret band is found at 444 nm in phenobarbital-stimulated
      microsomes but at 442 nm in 3-methylcholanthrene-stimulated microsomes. An alpha
      band is located at 583 nm in both types of microsome. 2. The initial nitrite
      induced difference spectrum is converted into a spectrum lacking a Soret band but
      with a prominent absorbance minimum at 417 nm. This is more rapid in microsomes
      from phenobarbital-treated animals where it is completed in 8 min than in
      microsomes from 3-methylcholanthrene-treated animals. A similar spectrum can be
      obtained by addition of nitrite to urea-treated microsomes in which cytochrome P
      450 has been converted to cytochrome P-420. 3. Azo cleavage of neoprontosil in
      anaerobic microsomes is markedly inhibited by 1 mM nitrite. In contrast,
      oxidative drug metabolism is affected only by very high nitrite concentrations
      around 100 mM. It is concluded that in anaerobic microsomes, NO formed from
      nitrite complexes with ferrous cytochrome P-450 and thereby inhibits reductive
      drug metabolism.

PMID- 676344
TI  - Metabolism of 3-(2', 4', 5' -triethoxybenzoyl) propionic acid, a new biliary
      smooth muscle relaxant with choleretic activity. I. Disposition after a single
      administration in rats and dogs.

PMID- 676345
TI  - Metabolism of 3-(2', 4', 5'-triethoxybenzoyl) propionic acid, a new biliary
      smooth muscle relaxant with choleretic activity. II. Metabolism after repeated
      dosing in rats, in relation to choleretic activity.
AB  - 1. Accumulation and possible induction in the metabolism of
      triethoxybenzoylpropionate were studied in rats in relation to the choleretic
      effect of the drug. Daily oral administration of [14 C]
      triethoxybenzoylpropionate showed no accumulation of drug or metabolites. Pre
      treatment of rats with the drug did not induce its own metabolism or the
      metabolism of aminopyrine, p-nitroanisole, hexobarbital or zoxazolamine. 2.
      Choleresis in rats induced by triethoxybenzoylpropionate resulted from enhanced
      formation of the bile acid-independent fraction of canalicular origin, presumably
      mediated by the increased transfer of sodium into the canaliculi. This was not
      altered by repeated pre-treatment with the drug, in accordance with the metabolic
      findings.

PMID- 676346
TI  - An example of the oxidative de-esterification of an isopropyl ester. Its role in
      the metabolism of the herbicide flampropisopropyl.
AB  - 1. Two mammalian metabolites of the herbicidal ester, flamprop-isopropyl
      (BARNON), have been characterized as products of omega-hydroxylation of the
      isopropoxycarbonyl grouping (-CO2 CHMe 2). 2. Hydroxylation at the methine group
      of this moiety, to afford an unstable lactol (-CO2C(OH)Me2) and thence the
      corresponding carboxylic acid also appears to occur. On the basis of experiments
      with rat liver microsomes, this pathway to the acid may be as important as the
      esterase-catalysed route. 3. Biomimetic oxidation studies with
      peroxytrifluoroacetic acid of a simple model of the herbicide (isopropyl acetate)
      have provided confirmation of the feasibility of the novel biotransformation.

PMID- 676347
TI  - The incidence of carcinoma in solitary "cold" thyroid nodules.
AB  - Two hundred and three patients with single thyroid nodules were referred for
      radioactive scan of the thyroid. Solitary "cold" nodules were identified in 130
      patients and 68 of these patients came to surgery. Of this group, 12 patients
      were found to have carcinoma. There was no obvious selection process which
      distinguished the 68 patients who underwent surgery from the 62 who did not.
      There is a significant risk of thyroid neoplasms occurring in patients with
      solitary "cold" nodules, and this is particularly true in patients under forty.

PMID- 676348
TI  - Influence of L-leucine on glutamate dehydrogenase activity in isolated rat
      diaphragm.
AB  - Glutamate dehydrogenase (NAD) activity was measured in liver and diaphragm
      mitochondria from 48 h fasted rats. Kinetic studies were performed with diaphragm
      enzyme and the effects of L-leu, ADP and L-ala on the K(1)m and V(1)max for
      NH(4)+, and alpha-ketoglutarate were evaluated. L-leucine increases by 2-8 fold
      the V(1)max for all three substrates with no significant changes in the K(1)m.
      ADP increased by 3-7 fold the V(1)max for all three substrates and the K(1)m for
      NADH and alpha-ketoglutarate by 1.5-7.0 fold. L-alanine had no effect on either
      the V(1)max or the K(1)m of any substrate. The results suggest that muscle has
      the capacity to form glutamate through the glutamate dehydrogenase reaction and
      that L-leucine may stimulate this reaction in muscle.

PMID- 676349
TI  - NIH/NCI Consensus Development Meeting on breast cancer screening. Issues and
      recommendations.

PMID- 676351
TI  - Alternate forms of healing: a preface to the series.

PMID- 676350
TI  - Risk caused by low levels of pollution.
AB  - The concept has arisen that pollutants in almost any concentration cause a small
      risk of death. This arises from a consideration of cancer and contrasts with
      earlier work where a threshold is assumed.The theoretical and experimental
      evidence for this concept is reviewed, and some important consequences are drawn
      for societal decision making.

PMID- 676352
TI  - NIH/NCI Consensus Development Meeting on breast cancer screening. Response of the
      National Cancer Institute.

PMID- 676353
TI  - [Strain and milieu specific amino acid patterns of Claviceps purpurea during
      saprophytic cultivation].

PMID- 676355
TI  - [Symptoms in their special human manifestation as an expression of disordered
      biological and psychological processes including social influences].

PMID- 676354
TI  - [Multiphasic growth of microorganisms: modeling and computer simulation of linear
      growth phases].
AB  - A phenomenological and a more causal model are developed for the multiphasic
      discontinuous growth. The first model distinguished between the lag-phase, the
      exponential phase, the transient phase from the exponential to the linear phase,
      the linear phase, the transient phase from the linear to the stationary phase,
      and the stationary phase. The parameters are rate constants, critical values of
      biomass, and time constants. The parameters are estimated for experimental data
      of growth of Candida lipolytica under limitation of thiamine (Muller et al.
      1978). These data are fitted also by a more causal model. This second model is in
      agreement with Monod's idea that a linear growth phase may be due to an enzyme or
      enzyme system which has a constant activity. In the analysed case of limitation
      of thiamine the constancy of the dehydrogenase activity is caused by a constant
      level of the coenzymethiaminepyrophosphate. Thus, when such a thiamine requiring
      enzymatic step becomes to the "bottle-neck", bacterial culture switches over from
      exponential to linear growth. The end of linear phase is discussed more
      hypothetically by the high cooperativity of activity of dehydrogenases and the
      existence of a mimimal specific growth rate. The results of modeling and
      parameter estimation are compared with experimental data of C. lipolytica. These
      two models are able to interpret the growth kinetic of these multiphasic growth.

PMID- 676356
TI  - [Value and uselessness of a diagnosis].

PMID- 676357
TI  - [From symptoms to diagnostic errors].

PMID- 676358
TI  - [Legal aspects of diagnosis].

PMID- 676359
TI  - [Symptom consciousness and psychogenic factors of the formation of symptoms].

PMID- 676361
TI  - [Methods and ways of finding a diagnosis].

PMID- 676360
TI  - [The value of anamnesis for the diagnosis].

PMID- 676362
TI  - [Problems and results of screening tests in genetic disorders].

PMID- 676363
TI  - [Possibilities of an early diagnosis of hereditary diseases].

PMID- 676364
TI  - [Virus diagnosis].

PMID- 676365
TI  - [Indications and values of biochemical laboratory diagnosis].

PMID- 676366
TI  - [Iatrogenic diseases due to diagnosis].

PMID- 676367
TI  - [Headache].

PMID- 676368
TI  - [Chronic cough].

PMID- 676369
TI  - [The chronic cough syndrome--diagnostic requirements and possibilities].

PMID- 676370
TI  - [Abdominal pain].

PMID- 676371
TI  - [Diagnosis of neuroses].

PMID- 676372
TI  - [Disorders of the general condition].

PMID- 676373
TI  - [Disorders of the general condition].

PMID- 676374
TI  - [Disorders of the general condition--problems from a neurological point of view].

PMID- 676375
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of pruritus].

PMID- 676376
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of juvenile behavior disorders].

PMID- 676377
TI  - [Changes in the spectrum of morbidity and in the symptoms of diseases, their
      meaning for medical practice].

PMID- 676378
TI  - [Gastric ulcers as sequelae of chronic cardiopulmonary insufficiency].

PMID- 676379
TI  - [Complex diagnosis and therapy of lymphedema with special reference to
      lymphography and surgical management technics].

PMID- 676380
TI  - [Theory and practice of biological feedback based on EMG].

PMID- 676381
TI  - [Experience in the management of closed kidney injuries].

PMID- 676382
TI  - [Possibilities in the diagnosis and management of vascular patients at a regional
      hospital].

PMID- 676383
TI  - [Brief supplementary contribution on tattoing problems].

PMID- 676384
TI  - [Evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid preparations. Composition of the cell picture
      at the mergin and in the center of sedimentation-chamber preparations].

PMID- 676385
TI  - [Quality and effectiveness of a medical consultation commission. 1. Demonstration
      of the modus operandi of a medical consultation commission].

PMID- 676386
TI  - [The contribution of social hygiene to the current obesity discussion in the
      German Democratic Republic. Part 1].

PMID- 676387
TI  - [Occurrence and prevalence of malignant neoplasms of the digestive organs in the
      German Democratic Republic].

PMID- 676388
TI  - [The current status and further development of socialist agriculture in the
      German Democratic Republic with special reference to health and work safety].

PMID- 676389
TI  - [Industrial hygiene's contribution towards improving health protection and health
      care for workers in socialist agriculture of the German Democratic Republic].

PMID- 676390
TI  - [Survey of occupational exposure to microbial noxae in animal-housing air, or
      workers in animal production].

PMID- 676391
TI  - [Studies on the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract and on parotid
      gland secretions in agricultural workers exposed to agricultural chemicals].

PMID- 676392
TI  - [Industrial hygiene and industrial medicine viewpoints on the employment of women
      in agriculture].

PMID- 676393
TI  - [Results of studies on the exposure of agricultural chemists to dinitro-o-cresol
      (DNOC)].

PMID- 676394
TI  - [Cancer tracking during industrial-medicine activity of a rural physician].

PMID- 676395
TI  - [Incidence and etiology of fatty liver in biopsy material].

PMID- 676396
TI  - [Use of the "protective system" in the prevention of mastitis puerperalis].

PMID- 676397
TI  - [Analysis of the status of compulsory immunization of children with chronic
      unspecific lung diseases (CULD) in the northeastern part of the German Democratic
      Republic--a pilot study from the Greifswald bronchitis facility].

PMID- 676398
TI  - [The general practicioner's share of responsibility in matters of hygiene].

PMID- 676399
TI  - [Epidemiology of neuroses in a rural area (studies in a Hungarian village)].

PMID- 676400
TI  - [Health conditions of the rural population].

PMID- 676401
TI  - [The socialist way of life in rural areas: how collective farmers spend their
      leisure time].

PMID- 676402
TI  - [Nutritional and body-weight status of the rural population].

PMID- 676403
TI  - [The role of health education in the further development of socialist life style
      among rural workers].

PMID- 676404
TI  - [Health status and social characteristics of healthy life style the rural areas
      of Hungary].

PMID- 676405
TI  - [The cooperation and responsibilities of state public-health facilities in the
      training and education of the young generation of physicians].

PMID- 676406
TI  - [Recommendations on the house-call kit of the general practicioner].

PMID- 676407
TI  - [Utilization of ambulatory-care facilities by older citizens].

PMID- 676408
TI  - [The family of the newborn infant in rural and urban communities of the German
      Democratic Republic--a comparison of various social and behavioral parameters].

PMID- 676409
TI  - [The status of child morbidity studies in the German Democratic Republic].

PMID- 676410
TI  - [Enzyme deficient non-spherocytic hemolytic anemias].
AB  - Enzymopathies are described concerning the enzymes of the oxidative pentose
      phosphate pathway including the glutathion system, of the majority of glycolytic
      enzymes as well as of the ATPase, adenylate kinase and pyrimidine-5'
      nucleotidase. The distribution and the frequency of the enzymopathies differ
      strongly in the various regions of the world. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
      and pyruvate kinase show the highest frequency. The detected polymorphism of the
      pathological enzyme variants is one of the reasons for the fact that no
      correlation between the decrease of the catalytic activity and the severity of
      the anaemias has been found. For the identification of risk-groups more precise
      methods are necessary. Till now the detailed relationships between enzymopathy
      and non-spherocytic haemolytic anaemias are not clarified. Furthermore the
      molecular mechanism of the instability of pathological enzyme variants is not yet
      clear.

PMID- 676411
TI  - [Renal anemia and its modification by chronic hemodialysis].
AB  - The renal anaemia is characterized by a decreased new formation of erythrocytes
      (deficiency of erythropoetin), by haemolysis (uraemic-toxic influences) and by
      iron deficiency (decreased resorption of iron, blood losses, infectious-toxic
      component). In long-term haemolysis the iron deficiency increases, in most cases
      the haemolysis a little decreases, and a deficiency of erythropoietin is not to
      be established. However, a slight deficiency of folic acid is frequently
      observed. Apart from the reduction of the retention of substances normally
      contained in the urine the therapy consists in iron doses and slight doses of
      folic acid. Only occasionally blood transfusions are necessary.

PMID- 676413
TI  - [Supportive hemotherapy in anemias].
AB  - The substitution of blood and erythrocytes, respectively, has to be performed as
      an aimed supportive haemotherapy according to measure. Therefore full blood is
      indicated only in loss, otherwise only concentrates of erythrocytes may be
      transfused, in order to exclude side-effects as a potential danger. The latter
      should above all produced buffy-coat-free. Washed preparations of erythrocytes
      should be used only in such a case, when there are present clear clinical
      demands, such as transfusion reactions which can otherwise not be removed, and
      which for their part limit the success of the transfusion. The practically plasma
      free concentrates of erythrocytes which are extremely poor in alloantigens and
      preserved at deep temperature should at present be used for reasons of capacity
      only in persons who are potentially to be transfused many times, above all in
      recipients of grafts.

PMID- 676412
TI  - [Pregnancy anemias].
AB  - After introductory remarks on the physiology of blood during pregnancy the
      authors enter the two most frequent anaemias of pregnancy, which are evoked by
      iron deficiency and infection, as well as the megaloblastic, which are evoked by
      deficiency of folic acid--more infrequently also by deficiency of vitamin B12.
      The diagnostic and therapeutic principles are described in detail. It is only in
      short referred to the very rare haemolytic and toxic farms of anaemia, it is
      generally renounced to describe the haemorrhagic anaemia. A prophylaxis of the
      anaemia of pregnancy is intensely recommended.

PMID- 676414
TI  - [The responsibility of the transfusing physician].
AB  - In a chronological representation a survey of important duties of the transfusing
      physician in blood transfusions is given. When fulfilling conscientiously the
      special, legal and organisational demands, the transfusing physician may
      authoritatively influence the decrease of disturbances of transfusion.

PMID- 676415
TI  - [Diffuse segmental lipomatosis of the ileum (author's transl)].
AB  - Case of unusual diffuse segmental lipomatosis of a part of the small bowel is
      reported. Other cases from the literature are compared to various pathological
      deposits of fat in the intestine. Aetiology, clinical signs, diagnosis and
      differential diagnosis, as well as surgical treatment, are discussed.

PMID- 676416
TI  - [Follow up in a case of congenital hepatic fibrosis (author's transl)].
AB  - A case of congenital hepatic fibrosis (CHF) is described. CHF is characterized by
      hepatomegaly, portal hypertension, extensive portal fibrosis, ectatic bile ducts,
      and hypoplasia of terminal portal vein branches. In contrast to the severe portal
      hypertension liver function tests are largely normal. In our case the disease was
      first detected when the patient was 7 years old. During the following 9 1/2 years
      three sequential liver biopsies were performed. Each of them showed the same
      picture and no progression occurred. The characteristic histological picture of
      CHF includes mature bile ducts without epithelial proliferation, absence of
      significant intraportal or interlobular inflammatory infiltrates, and small or
      hypoplastic distal portal vein branches. On the basis of these features the
      disease can easily be separated from other forms of liver cirrhosis.

PMID- 676417
TI  - [Mite dermatitis due to Tyrophagus dimidiatus].
AB  - This paper describes a small endemic with acarus Tyrophagus dimidiatus in a
      butcher's family originating from contaminated meat. The morphology and biology
      of this parasite are discussed.

PMID- 676418
TI  - [Therapy of porphyria cutanea tarda using chloroquine].

PMID- 676419
TI  - [Clinical picture and radiotherapy of scalp carcinomas].

PMID- 676420
TI  - [Merthiolate allergy in standard intracutaneous testing].

PMID- 676421
TI  - [Herpes simplex--its prevention and therapy using aristolochic acid].

PMID- 676422
TI  - [The role of stearyl alcohol in the so-called lanolin allergy].

PMID- 676423
TI  - [Partial matrix resection as a treatment for ingrown nails].

PMID- 676424
TI  - [Retinoid PUVA (RePUVA): systemic combination therapy in psoriasis].
AB  - RePUVA is a new therapeutic approach in psoriasis, consisting in oral
      administration of a retinoid derivative and systemic PUVA treatment. The retinoid
      (Ro 10-9359) was given daily (50--75 mg) before, simultaneously and, before and
      simultaneously with PUVA. The overall response was 73%; however, 14 patients
      resistant to previous standard PUVA treatment also responded surprisingly well to
      RePUVA. If PUVA-resistent patients were excluded, the overall response was 82.6%.
      The mean number of treatments required for clearing was 19.4 +/- 6.1, the mean
      total UVA-dose 57.9 +/- 32.3 J/cm2 and the mean duration of treatment was 55.4 +/
      14.1 days, including pretreatment with retinoid. It seems that RePUVA may be
      most successful if the retinoid is given before and with PUVA: 33.7 +/- 8.7 J/cm2
      in 17.0 +/- 4.7 sessions were then required for clearing. Compared with previous
      results of our group and recent publications these findings indicate that the
      RePUVA schedule may reduce the duration of treatment and the total UVA-dose and,
      therefore, the possible long-term hazards of PUVA management. In addition, RePUVA
      can be successfully applied in patients resistant to standard PUVA.

PMID- 676425
TI  - Anti-HBc titers in HBeAg and anti-HBe positive asymptomatic HBsAg carriers.
AB  - A study was undertaken to establish markers for HBV replication in relation to
      HBeAg and anti-HBe. HBsAg carriers with serum HBeAg had DNA polymerase activity
      in the serum and HBcAg in the liver nuclei. Anti-HBe positive and anti-HBe/HBeAg
      negative sera lacked these markers. For anti-HBc the following geometrical mean
      titers were calculated: 1: 12,000 for HBeAg positive, 1:9, 100 for anti-HBe and
      anti-HBc positive, and 1:2,800 for anti-HBc positive anti-HBe/HBeAg negative
      asymptomatic HBsAg carriers. Follow up studies revealed mostly unchanged anti-HBc
      titers in all three groups over an observation period of ten to twenty months.
      Our data argue for a prolonged HBV replication in all HBsAg carrier subgroups
      compared to individuals with an uncomplicated acute virus-B-hepatitis. This study
      gives no final answer whether HBeAg negative HBsAg carriers have a continous HBV
      replication.

PMID- 676426
TI  - Structure of immunoglobulin D: evidence for the absence of an extra disulfide
      bridge in the Fc fragment.
AB  - Molecular weight determinations of immunoglobulin D suggest the presence of an
      extra region of the delta chain. In an attempt to locate this region, an
      IgDlambda myeloma protein (Gur), was digested with trypsin for 4 min at 56
      degrees and the Fc fragment isolated by ion exchange chromatography. N-terminal
      analysis of this fragment showed a heterogeneity in the site of splitting by
      trypsin. The Fc was digested with pepsin and trypsin and the cysteine containing
      peptides isolated by a two dimensional paper high voltage electrophoresis
      (diagonal map) at pH 3.5. Further purification of these peptides was carried out
      by HVE at pH 6.5 and 2.1 and their amino acid composition and partial sequence
      were determined. Only five cysteic acid peptides were obtained, one corresponding
      to the inter heavy-heavy bridge and the other four, to intra chain bridges. This
      finding would exclude the possibility of an extra "classical domain" in this
      region. The position of these peptides in the delta chain has been arranged based
      on homology with the other classes of immunoglobulins.

PMID- 676427
TI  - Studies on the immune response in chickens I. Effect of various immunization
      procedures on the primary and secondary antibody responses to bovine serum
      albumin.
AB  - Antibody response and generation of immunological memory in chickens after
      stimulation by bovine serum albumin (BSA) were investigated. A single intravenous
      injection of BSA induced a relatively high primary antibody response but failed
      to generate definite memory for the secondary antibody response. Variation in
      antigen dosage and the time interval between antigen injections did not affect
      significantly the levels of the primary and secondary antibody responses. The
      immunogenicity of deaggregated BSA in chickens was as potent as that of
      aggregated BSA. Soluble adjuvants such as the capsular polysaccharide of
      Klebsiella pneumoniae, cell wall lipopolysaccharide of Salmonella enteritidis and
      cell wall peptidoglycan of Staphylococcus epidermidis exhibited little enhancing
      effect on antibody response and memory. However, stimulation of chickens by BSA
      emulsified in Freund's adjuvant enhanced generation of memory. Repeated injection
      of BSA alone also showed a similar effect. It seems likely therefore that in
      chickens continous antigenic stimulation is required for generation of definite
      memory. From the present results it has been concluded that the characteristics
      of the immune response of chickens to BSA resemble those of mammals to T
      independent antigens.

PMID- 676428
TI  - Simple method of circulating immune complex detection in human sera by
      polyethylene glycol precipitation.
AB  - A rapid test for detection of circulating immune complexes in a small serum
      sample was developed to facilitate clinical diagnosis of immune complex
      disorders. The test is based on a selective precipitation of soluble circulating
      complexes of antigen-antibody in 3.75% concentration of high-molecular
      polyethylene glycol. Precipitation is followed photometrically at 450 nm, 1 cm
      cuv. after 1 h incubation at room temperature. Comparison of E450 values in
      groups of patients with immune complex disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis,
      systemic lupus erythematosus and glomerulonephritis, with healthy controls or
      patients with non-immunological disorders revealed highly significant
      differences. Sera of all patients with high clinical activity  of disease
      exhibited positive reaction. In 121 human sera the results of this examination
      were compared with the results of C 1 q binding test. There was 73.5% agreement
      between the results of both methods. Our test is more rapid, suited for routine
      clinical use.

PMID- 676429
TI  - Haptoglobins are antibody-like proteins.

PMID- 676430
TI  - [Diagnosis and therapy of deep vein thrombosis].

PMID- 676431
TI  - [What should one know about thromboembolic complications?].

PMID- 676432
TI  - [Surgical treatment of chronic venous insufficiency].

PMID- 676433
TI  - [The hemorrhoidal complex of symptoms].

PMID- 676434
TI  - [External therapy of venous insufficiency dermatoses and their complications].

PMID- 676435
TI  - [The effect of bencyclan on intracranial pressure].

PMID- 676436
TI  - [Training in the field "general medicine" at the Ulm University. From the
      viewpoint of a female student].

PMID- 676437
TI  - [Pediatric cardiology in general practice].

PMID- 676438
TI  - [Clinical diagnosis of the sinus-node syndrome].

PMID- 676439
TI  - [Infarct rehabilitation at home].

PMID- 676440
TI  - [Cerebral deficiency symptoms. Influencing cerebral metabolism in cerebral
      deficiency symptoms using a brain hydrolysate].

PMID- 676441
TI  - [Treatment of children and adolescents in ocean spas].

PMID- 676442
TI  - [The value of climatic therapy for dermatology].

PMID- 676443
TI  - [Mineral water therapy for gastrointestinal diseases].

PMID- 676444
TI  - [Mud therapy in gynecologic spas. Practice and indications].

PMID- 676445
TI  - [Conservative therapy of prostatic adenomas with sitosterin from Hypoxis roperi.
      Results of a clinical study].

PMID- 676446
TI  - [Successful applications of mathematical analysis in cardiorhythmology].

PMID- 676447
TI  - [Diploid cell cultures as an object for the study of the molecular mechanisms of
      aging].

PMID- 676448
TI  - Axillary-subclavian vein thrombosis as a complication of permanent transvenous
      cardiac pacing.

PMID- 676449
TI  - Giant cell tumor of bone (osteoclastoma).

PMID- 676450
TI  - [Indications for tracheotomy in the field of maxillofacial surgery].

PMID- 676452
TI  - [Analysis of the situation of continuing education in general medicine in
      districts of the GDR].

PMID- 676451
TI  - [Rhinomanometric control of the ultrasonic treatment in allergic and vasomotor
      rhinopathies].

PMID- 676453
TI  - [Interval appendectomy].

PMID- 676454
TI  - [Problems of bed hygiene in hospitals].

PMID- 676455
TI  - [Contribution of social hygiene to the current discussion on obesity in the
      German Democratic Republic].

PMID- 676456
TI  - [Experiences and results with use of the EDV project "Care and call
      documentation"].

PMID- 676457
TI  - [Neuropathology of the atraumatic apallic syndrome and the intravital brain death
      in intensive therapy].

PMID- 676458
TI  - [Immuno- and chemoimmunotherapy and prevention of metastasis in skin melanoma].

PMID- 676459
TI  - [Role of chemotherapy in the treatment of stomach cancer].

PMID- 676460
TI  - [Primary cancer of the liver according to the materials of the Scientific
      Oncological Center of the AMS USSR].

PMID- 676461
TI  - [Analysis of remote results of stomach cancer treatment].

PMID- 676462
TI  - [Cryo-ultrasonic therapy of head and neck neoplasms].

PMID- 676463
TI  - [Urgent problems of rehabilitation of patients with breast cancer].

PMID- 676464
TI  - [Comparative oncological study of spontaneous hemoblastoses of dogs].

PMID- 676465
TI  - [Search for biochemical criteria of sensitivity and resistance of tumor cells to
      antimetabolites].

PMID- 676466
TI  - [Physico-chemical and biological properties of viruses isolated from primary
      human tumor culture].

PMID- 676467
TI  - [New possibilities of obtaining blood components in oncological practice by means
      of a separator].

PMID- 676468
TI  - [Shifts in the isoenzymatic spectrum of lactate dehydrogenase of human tumors in
      connection with their morphological differentiation].

PMID- 676469
TI  - [Combined chemotherapy of disaeminated melanoma].

PMID- 676470
TI  - [Immunological reactivity characteristics in allergic diseases in children].

PMID- 676471
TI  - [Local immunity of the respiratory organs in children with chronic segmental
      (deforming) bronchitis].

PMID- 676472
TI  - [Immunological and other mechanisms facilitating the chronic course of
      pathological processes].

PMID- 676473
TI  - [Immunoglobulins in children normally and in pathology].

PMID- 676474
TI  - [Immunity of the newborn infant].

PMID- 676475
TI  - [Coxsackie A13 virus in the etiology of various cardiopathies in childhood].

PMID- 676476
TI  - [Formation of chronic bronchopulmonary processes in childhood].

PMID- 676477
TI  - [Incidence and the conditions for the occurrence of joint diseases in children].

PMID- 676478
TI  - [External respiratory function in acute and protracted pneumonias in children].

PMID- 676479
TI  - [Role of aldosterone in the pathogenesis of spontaneous (hereditarily determined)
      hypertension in rats].

PMID- 676480
TI  - [Use of the indirect hemagglutination reaction for detecting antibodies ot
      dermatophyte proteolytic enzymes].

PMID- 676481
TI  - [Clinical characteristics of syphilis patients with a pathologically low level of
      cytosis and protein in the cerebrospinal fluid].

PMID- 676482
TI  - [Apropos of the article by M. V. Milich, A. A. Anton'ev, V. S. Myskin, M. S.
      Shol'nik and N. N. Troshchenkova, "Recurrence and Reinfection in Syphilis"
      (Vestn. Dermatol., 1977, No 7, p.41)].

PMID- 676484
TI  - [Discussion of the problem of "Recurrence and Reinfection in Syphilis"].

PMID- 676483
TI  - [Problem of "Recurrence and Reinfection in Syphilis"].

PMID- 676485
TI  - [Reinfection in syphilis].

PMID- 676486
TI  - [Unclassified skin porphyrias].

PMID- 676487
TI  - [Relationship of Weber-Christian panniculitis to pancreatic cancer].

PMID- 676488
TI  - [Weber-Christian disease in a young infant].

PMID- 676489
TI  - [Congenital ectodermal dysplasia in children].

PMID- 676490
TI  - [Role of histamine in the pathogenesis of eczema].

PMID- 676491
TI  - [Psoriasis in children].

PMID- 676492
TI  - [Conditioned reflex switching over in unrestrained dogs].
AB  - Conditioned switching-over was studied in unrestrained animals by means of
      instrumental alimentary conditioned reflexes of pressing the pedal. A complex of
      auditory and spatial factors (start-ground) served as conditioned alimentary
      signal. Backward connections were stable and were manifested in the teturning of
      the animal to the start-ground after feeding. It has been confirmed that the
      observed working readiness is a conditioned reflex of a tonic type.

PMID- 676494
TI  - [Specificity of nuclear elements of the motor region of the cortex in organizing
      a precise motor response].
AB  - After elaboration and consolidation of precise instrumental avoidance reflexes in
      dogs (lifting of a fore-leg to a 4-centimeters wide "safety zone"), a part of
      motor cortex in the area of moving leg was ablated. After the operation the
      search for "safety zone" i. e. the precision of estimating the position of the
      leg was irreversibly impaired, but the animal was still able to hold its
      extremity at the same level for a long period of time. Artifically elaborated
      motor coordination--antagonistic to the innate one--also showed irreversible
      impairment. However, in case of an extremely "drilled" reaction (5.000 pairings)
      the elaborated coordination persisted. Minimal amplitude of correction movements
      increased too (i. e. subtlety of movements decreased), but during retraining this
      parameter of the movement became compensated. The data obtained suggest that the
      specificity of central cellular elements of the cortical motor area consists in
      estimation of extremity position which is necessary for finding a given point in
      space.

PMID- 676493
TI  - [Transformation of conditioned responses of the tonic type].
AB  - A reversal of signal meaning of stimuli signalling experimental situation was
      performed on dogs with conditioned defensive motor reflexes to clicks: clicks and
      electro-cutaneous stimulation were stopped, and the animals were started to be
      given food in the same experimental situation. Reversal of conditioned defensive
      tonic stimuli to alimentary ones led to a complex of behavioral and
      electrographic reactions. Isolated click tests showed that signals of
      experimental situation considerably affect a fully-elaborated defensive motor
      reflex. At the same time the preparatory role of certain situational elements may
      be specialized with regard to the components of the conditioned reflex, in
      particular to the local flexor reaction.

PMID- 676495
TI  - [Fromation of forward and reverse connections during elaboration of a classical
      and instrumental acid-defense conditioned reflex].
AB  - During elaboration of a classical acid defensive conditioned reflex to passive
      lifting of a foreleg in dogs, the reinforcing stimulus--acid elicited an
      extension of the leg via backward connection. At the initial stage of elaboration
      of an instrumental avoidance reflex, the reinforcing stimulus called forth an
      extension of the leg, whereas at the stage of a stable reflex it produced a
      flexion.

PMID- 676496
TI  - [Average evoked auditory cortex potentials in a short-delay secondary defensive
      instrumental conditioned reflex in dogs].

PMID- 676497
TI  - [Interrelationships between the motor and secretory reaction during elaboration
      of a classical conditional alimentary reflex].

PMID- 676498
TI  - [Role of the inhibitory process in closing a simple form of temporary
      connection].

PMID- 676499
TI  - [Avoidance reactions to a partner's pain stimulation in rats with local brain
      damage].
AB  - Avoidance reaction to pain stimulation of another individual was studied in white
      rats before and after lesion of the frontal, cingular, entorhinal cortex, septum
      and median gray matter. The avoidance reaction improved following destruction of
      the frontal cortex and deteriorated after lesion of the median gray matter. A
      conclusion has been drawn that the participation of various brain structures in
      the investigated reaction is closely connected with other functions of these
      structures. The results obtained contradict McLynn's (1970) suggestion of a rigid
      dependence of definite forms of zoosocial behaviour on certain brain formations.

PMID- 676500
TI  - [Neuronal spike activity in the sensomotor region of the cerebral cortex upon
      direct stimulation of emotionally "positive" and "negative" zones of the
      hypothalamus].
AB  - The effect of electrical stimulation of emotionally positive and negative
      hypothalamic areas on the unit activity of the sensorimotor cortex in rats was
      studied in order to elucidate physiological mechanisms of emotions as an
      important factor organizing purposeful animal behaviour. It was found that such
      an effect is primarily of inhibitory nature and that it does not carry specific
      information on biological sign of emotion. It is suggested that the formation of
      adequate behavioural reactions in different emotional states occurs at earlier
      stages.

PMID- 676501
TI  - [Role of catecholaminergic mechanisms of the brain in fixation of temporary
      connections].
AB  - A comparison was made betseen the influence of administering disulfiram and L
      Dopa on retention of defensive and drinking conditioned reflexes in rats. A great
      drop of noradrenaline content in the brain while worsening the elaboration of
      defensive conditioned reflexes, does not prevent their fixation as well as
      fixation of drinking conditioned reflexes elaborated in one pairing. Increased
      catecholamine content after administration of L-Dopa does not affect the
      elaboration of defensive and the fixation of defensive and drinking conditioned
      reflexes. Interference in the activity of the brain catecholaminergic mechanisms
      does not directly affect the fixation of temporary connections, regardless of the
      emotional sign of reinforcement used in their elaboration.

PMID- 676502
TI  - [Conditioned reflex mechanism of unconscious decision making].
AB  - Temporary connections are elaborated in adult subjects between subliminal visual
      stimuli and voluntary motor reaction. The observed gradual shortening of the
      reaction time is considered to be a result of learning by means of subliminal
      visual signals. This learning is unstable and is retained only in the short-term
      memory, unlike experiments in which the same visual stimuli are recognized. This
      fact explains discrepancies and uncertainty of the existing opinions on the role
      of subliminal visual signals in the voluntary behaviour of man.

PMID- 676503
TI  - [Directed regulation of human alpha-rhythm using feedback].
AB  - Directed control of intensity of the alpha-rhythm in the somatosensory cortical
      regions was examined in 20 healthy subjects in conditions of combined (visual and
      auditory) feedback connection. An attempt has been made to single out by means of
      control experiments, the factors influencing in such conditions of external
      stimulation the brain bioelectrical activity. A study was made of the changes in
      effectiveness of biocontrol in multiple (five) sessions of training. Data are
      given on the dynamics of some vegetative functions in controlling brain
      biopotentials.

PMID- 676504
TI  - [Analysis of the neuronal activity of cortical-subcortical structures of a
      conditioned reflex].
AB  - Neuronal activity of the orbital cortex, the caudate nucleus and the amygdala
      were studied in chronic experiments on dogs and cats by the method of alimentary
      and defensive conditioned reflexes. A spatial distribution of neurones involved
      in the alimentary and defensive conditioned reflexes, was revealed in the caudate
      nucleus head. The units responding to conditioned alimentary stimuli are
      localized primarily in the ventral segment. Similarity of responses to
      surroundings and to trigger conditioned alimentary stimuli was found between the
      units of the ventral segment in the caudate nucleus head and of the amygdala
      basolateral part. The influence of stimulation of the amygdala on the orbital
      cortex units was established in the alimentary conditioned reflex in dogs. A
      conclusion has been drawn that in elaboration of an alimentary conditioned reflex
      the neurones of three levels become organized into a definite system, providing
      for an adequate reaction of the organism to the conditioned stimulus.

PMID- 676505
TI  - [Participation of neurons from symmetrical parts of the sensomotor cortex in
      conditioned reflex activity].
AB  - Spike activity of the symmetrical points of the sensorimotor cortex was studied
      in the course of formation and extinction of a defensive conditioned reflex in
      cats. In the process of pairings the impulse responses in the hemisphere
      contralateral to the paw stimulated with electric current (reinforcement)
      increased, and were inhibited in the ipsilateral hemisphere. Extinction of the
      reflex or functional switching off of the contralateral hemisphere restored the
      conditioned reactions of the ipsilateral hemisphere neurones. An assumption has
      been made that conditioned connections appear in both hemispheres, but under
      ordinary conditions the reactions are ensured by the dominating (in learning)
      hemisphere. If it is switched off, a duplicate conditioned connection appears in
      the other hemisphere, as one of the mechanisms providing for the reliability of
      manifestation of the conditioned relfex.

PMID- 676506
TI  - [Closing an intra-analyzer temporary connection in visual cortex neuronal element
      microsystems].
AB  - The work was aimed at studying the formation of microsystems of learning neurones
      in the cortical visual zone of immobilized cats during elaboration of a temporary
      connection based on a combined stimulation of two its points in acute experiment.
      18.6 per cent of the cells developed responses to the stimulus which had been
      ineffective before conditioning. The most numerous group consisted of units which
      displayed a complex form of elaborated response. Presumably the untis observed
      are part of a system of learning neurones controlling the intraanalyser
      interactions by the mechanism of temporary connection.

PMID- 676507
TI  - [Role of the globus pallidus in establishing delayed responses in cats].
AB  - Unilaternal ablation of the pallidum leads to acute disturbances in delayed
      reaction in cats. In the case of a 3 or 5 sec delay the accuracy of finding the
      food behind the screan or of the choice of the side of reinforcement drops by 30
      to 40%; in the case of a delay of 10 sec this accuracy drops by 55 to 60%. Along
      with this and as a natural result, it takes the cat a longer time to get to the
      place where the food is kept. At a 15 sec delay, the previously elaborated
      delayed reactions disappear completely. After a bilateral incomplete ablation of
      the pallidum, only some cats with light pallidal lesions succed in acquiring
      delayed reactions (in 22 to 29% of cases) with a minimum pause (3 sec). It is
      assumed that the pallidum takes part in the mechanisms of comparison and
      retention of the traces of sensory information in the apparatus of memory.

PMID- 676508
TI  - [Physiologic analysis of the effect of micropolarization on trace processes].
AB  - In chronic experiments on cats a conditioned reflex to time was elaborated by
      means of periodic passive liftings of one extremity during continuous
      subthreshold pressor stimulation of the same limb or during micropolarization of
      the contralateral sensorimotor cortical with a 0,2--1,8 mca current. In animals
      conditioned during pressor stimulation, trace motor reactions appeared in
      response to the stimulation or to micropolarization of the sensorimotor cortex
      and of several subcortical structures. In animals conditioned during
      micropolarization, trace motor responses were obtained both to sensorimotor
      cortex polarization and to pressor stimulation of the "conditioned" leg. The
      authors suggest a common physiological mechanism of the phenomena observed.

PMID- 676509
TI  - [Effect of micropolarization of cat brain structures on extinctive inhibition].
AB  - The influence of bipolar micropolarization (MCP) (in the range of 0.01--0.1 mca)
      of the midbrain reticular formation (RF), the dorsal hippocampus (HC) and the
      temporal cortex (TC) on conditioned behaviour in conditions of extinctive
      inhibition of an active avoidance reaction to an acoustic stimulus was studied on
      seven cats in a shuttle chamber. It was shown that: 1) MCP or RF and TC restores
      the semiextinct conditioned reflex, while MCP of HC deepens its extinction; 2)
      MCP of RF reduces the conditioned reflex latency, while MCP of HC and TC
      increases it; 3) during MCP of RF there is an increase in the number of
      intersignal spontaneous motor reactions and of reactions to surroundings, while
      during MCP of HC and TC their number decreases; 4) MCP of RF and TC produces no
      disinhibition, if the conditioned reflex is deeply extinguished. The influence of
      MCP on conditioned behaviour is regarded as a directed modulation of reproduction
      of the dominating traces of one of the two contesting temporary connections which
      determine the achievement or non-achievement of the motor reaction.

PMID- 676510
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of the response of rat-mothers to the natural pain
      squeaks of a ratling and to a tape recording of it].
AB  - Two kinds of stimuli were presented to the mother rat at random: the natural pain
      acoustic signal of its infant in response to electrical pain stimulation and the
      tape recording of the signal performed within the sound frequency region (up to
      20 kHz). The mother rat was placed in a special long cage with two parts of
      different size. Her reaction was ethologically estimated. The natural pain signal
      proved to be more effective than its magnetic tape recording. The role of the
      spectrum ultrasound part of the pain acoustic signal is discussed.

PMID- 676511
TI  - [Development of species specific acoustic sensitivity in hole-nester
      fledgelings].
AB  - A study was made of acoustic sensibility of hole nestlings to species-specific
      signals of adult birds. It has been established that the final formation of
      sensibility to such signals is not completed in the embrional period of
      development, but continues, at least during the first half of life in the nest.
      In the embrional period, the formation of sensibility is concluded only within
      the spectrum of the "alimentary" signal complex, providing for adequate
      alimentary behaviour of the nestlings immediately after hatching. In the early
      postembrional period, the formation of acoustic sensibility in the spectrum of
      other species-specific signals (alarm signals) is completed in parallel with the
      organization of behavioral reactions controlled by these stimuli.

PMID- 676512
TI  - [Properties of nuclear and dispersed elements of the cortical end of the auditory
      analyzer according to total evoked potentials to sound].
AB  - In chronic experiments on cats short-latency evoked potentials (EPs) to clicks
      were recorded simultaneously in three cortical areas--auditory (nuclear elements
      of the cortical end of the auditory analyser) sensorimotor and visual ones
      (scattered auditory elements). EPs to above threshold clicks in the auditory area
      differed from EPs of non-auditory areas by a greater amplitude and relatively
      stable configuration. The EP threshold in the auditory area was lower and the
      increase in its amplitude throughout a rise in clicks' intensity far greater than
      in the non-auditory areas. The above difference in responses of nuclear elements
      in the primary auditory cortex and of scattered elements in non-auditory areas
      are considered as the sign of specificity of their functional organization, i. e.
      as the manifestation of the participation of auditory nuclear elements in a
      relatively delicate analysis of auditory stimuli and that of scattered ones--in a
      more simple and limited analysis.

PMID- 676513
TI  - [Change in the impulse reactions of sensomotor cortex neurons to combined
      stimulation of thalamic relay nuclei].
AB  - In acute experiments on unanaesthetized cats immobilized with d-tubocurarine, a
      study was made of the impulse responses of the sensorimotor cortex neurones to
      stimulation of the thalamic relay nuclei (VPL and VL). Distinct changes of the
      responses were found as a result of multiple paired stimulations of these
      thalamic structures. The nature of the changes proved to be different for the
      responses to the first (VPL) and second (VL) thalamic stimulation: the paired
      stimulations facilitated the responses to VPL stimulation and suppressed those to
      the VL stimulation.

PMID- 676514
TI  - [Rhythmic activity (25--35 Hz) of autonomic nerves and its physiologic role].
AB  - A study of daily ongoing activity of the sympathic and vagal nerves has shown
      that 14,6% of this activity are of a rhythmic form (25--35 c/s) arising
      synchronously in both nerves. Its formation is attended by an enhancement (by 50-
      100%) of the nerve tone. The appearance of the rhythmic activity bears a non
      specific character. A spatial synchronization within the range of 25--35 c/s has
      been found between the rhythmic activity of the vegetative nerves and that of
      brain structures. It is suggested that the rhythmic activity of the vegetative
      nerves reflects a homeostatic mechanism, which is indicative of the appearance of
      alertness in the nervous system.

PMID- 676515
TI  - [Current problems in genetics].

PMID- 676516
TI  - [Relationship between the age of the animals and the rate of RNA and protein
      synthesis in rat heart muscle].

PMID- 676517
TI  - Nickel content of various Dutch foodstuffs.
AB  - The nickel content of 260 samples from various types of foods available in the
      Netherlands was measured by means of flameless atomic absorption spectrometry. In
      most samples the nickel content was found to be less than 0.5 mg/kg. Two products
      contained considerably more nickel than all the other foodstuffs, viz. nuts and
      cacao products, in which nickel concentrations up to 5.1 and 9.8 mg/kg,
      respectively, were measured. Occasionally nickel contents above 1 mg/kg were
      found in margarine and sauces.

PMID- 676518
TI  - [On the colour reaction of hydroxyproline with 4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde
      (author's transl)].
AB  - With the as yet unexplained chloramine-T-oxydation of hydroxyproline the
      formation of pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid and pyrrole could be established. On the
      oxydation with peroxyde as well as with chloramine-T pyrrole is the starting base
      for the colour reaction with Ehrlichs reagent. From a comparison of thin layer
      chromatographic und UV-VIS data of the dyes formed by the oxidation of
      hydroxyproline and the pyrrole colour reaction the formation of a
      dipyrrylphenylmethene salt and ms-tetra-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)-porphin is made
      probable.

PMID- 676519
TI  - [Methods for determination of vitamins by means of high performance liquid
      chromatography (HPLC) (author's transl)].
AB  - A method is described for the rapid determination of vitamin E in vitamin
      concentrates, -pre-mixes and mineral supplements. After saponification of the
      sample, the vitamin is extracted with petroleum-ether. In this extract the
      vitamin E is determined spectrophotometrically by HPLC without any further clean
      up.

PMID- 676520
TI  - [A photometric determination of oxalic acid in plants (author's transl)].

PMID- 676521
TI  - Changes in starch content and amylase zymograms during storage of Golden
      Delicious and Cox's Orange Pippin apples.
AB  - Changes in starch content and amylase zymograms were followed during storage of
      Golden Delicious and Cox's Orange Pippin apples. Although the former was stored
      at 3-4 degrees C under controlled atmosphere (3--4% O2; 7--8% CO2 by volume) and
      the latter in air at 17 degrees C, in both, the multiple forms of amylases
      remained active, even after the starch content decreased to zero. It is the lack
      of starch substrate, therefore, rather than of enzymes that limits the amylase
      action in the stored apple.

PMID- 676522
TI  - Aminopeptidase from Brevibacterium linens: activation and inhibition.
AB  - Activation and inhibition of a purified aminopeptidase from Brevibacterium linens
      was investigated using L-alpha-leucyl-4-nitroanilide and L-leucyl-L-leucine as
      substrates. The enzyme was activated by cobalt, provided that the enzyme was
      preincubated with the metal. Strong inhibitory effects were derived from heavy
      metals, metal-complexing compounds, reducing agents, the modification of aromatic
      amino acids, and the presence of hydrophobic substances or certain amino acids in
      the test mixtures. Supposing that this B. linens aminopeptidase plays a part
      during surface-ripening of cheeses, possible consequences of specific
      technological conditions for its activity are discussed.

PMID- 676523
TI  - Correlation of chemical structure and taste in the cyclamate series and the
      steric nature of the chemoreceptor site.
AB  - The requirements of compounds in the cyclamate series for sweet taste stimulation
      are: synclinal conformation between NH and SO in the aminosulphonate group,
      length less than 0.7 nm of the group on the nitrogen, and hydrophobic character
      of the latter group. A hypothetical receptor site for these compounds should have
      a spatial barrier at a distance of about 0.7 nm from the nitrogen interaction
      point with the receptor site, and a hydrophobic interaction area between the
      nitrogen interaction point and the barrier.

PMID- 676524
TI  - Fine structural analysis of the morphological changes involved in the blanching,
      cooking, dehydration and rehydration of green bean pod tissue.
AB  - The influence of blanching and cooking on green bean pod tissue (Phaseolus
      vulgaris var.nanus L.) was studied by transmission electron microscopy and
      characteristic histological and cytological effects were recorded. The analysis
      of dehydraded and rehydrated samples (dehydration by hot air, rehydration by
      boiling) showed that much of the shrinkage after dehydration can be compensated
      by water absorption during rehydration. The morphological appearance of boiled
      raw tissue, however, is not reached.

PMID- 676525
TI  - Volatile monocarbonyl compounds of carrot roots at various stages of maturity.
AB  - Volatile carbonyl compounds of carrot variety Feonia Hunderup S-64 at various
      stages of maturity were analysed as their 2,4-DNPH's by a combined TLC-GLC-MS
      method. Twenty-three different carbonyl compounds were identified, of which
      undecanal, buten-2-al, methylbutenal, pentan-2-one, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one and 5
      methylfurfural have not previously been found in carrot. During maturation the
      content of acetaldehyde and acetone increased significantly, while that of
      methylbutenal decreased.

PMID- 676526
TI  - [The influence of different phosphates on the flow properties of processed
      cheeses (author's transl)].
AB  - Processed cheese was manufactured with different types of phosphates (P1
      monophosphate to P4 tetrapolyphosphate) and by various techniques. The limiting
      viscosity numbers of sodium casein and the casein of processed cheese were
      determined and the axial ratio calculated. The axial ratio of processed cheese
      protein was a/b=20,0 and that of sodium casein 10,0 resp. We deduce that the
      apparent increase of the axial ratio is caused by the depolymerization of casein
      caused by emulsifying salts. The flow curves of processed cheese were analysed.
      There is good agreement with the power law of Ostwald tau=k.Dn. Therefore
      processed cheeses are characterized as pseudoplasts. The influence of melting
      salts on the flow properties can be described by a differing emulsifying effect
      (P1 less than or equal P4). Temperature, concentration and salt effects are
      discussed for the viewpoint of correlation between aggregation-desaggregation
      processes and dehydration and hydration of casein.

PMID- 676527
TI  - [A method for differentiating between vinegar produced by fermentation and
      vinegar made from synthetic acetic acid based on the determination of the
      specific 3H-radioactivity (author's transl)].
AB  - The applicability of the specific 3H-radioactivity for the distinction of
      synthetic and biogenic vinegar was tested. The acetic acid was isolated from the
      vinegar as calcium acetate, and the calcium acetate was combusted at 830 degrees
      C to CO2 and H2O. The water was measured either after two destillation steps by
      liquid scintillation counting or after reduction to hydrogen and reaction to
      ethane in a gas proportional counter. The difference in the 3H-content between
      the two types of vinegar in Austria is about 80--100 T.U. Since the level of
      activity is subject to appreciable annual fluctuations a series of synthetic and
      biogenic comparison samples always has to be included.

PMID- 676528
TI  - [Analysis of polysaccharides used as food additives. VI. Identification of
      mixtures of polysaccharides by methylation analysis (author's transl)].
AB  - Polysaccharide mixtures used as stabilizers having identical sugar units, but
      differing in their linkages can be identified with confidence by means of
      methylation analysis. Such mixtures are methylated with sodium hydride and methyl
      iodide in anhydrous dimethylsulfoxide. The methylated products are acid
      hydrolyzed and the resulting methyl sugars are separated and identified by
      thinlayer- or gaschromatography.

PMID- 676529
TI  - [Post-traumatic cervical instability? Diagnosis and choice of treatment].

PMID- 676530
TI  - [The post-traumatic cervical syndrome from a surgical viewpoint].

PMID- 676531
TI  - [Analgesic myotonolytic and muscle relaxing therapy of the locomotor apparatus].

PMID- 676532
TI  - [Functional rehabilitation after subcapital humerus fracture].

PMID- 676533
TI  - [The delimitation of physical therapy and rehabilitative medicine from
      reconstructive surgery].

PMID- 676534
TI  - [Functional efficiency of the vesico-ureteral closure mechanism in female
      patients with recurrent urinary tract infections without reflux].
AB  - On account of different relapses of infections in 15 female patients with
      relapsing non-obstructive infections of the urinary tract without radiologically
      provable vesico-ureteral reflux altogether 183 washing out tests of the urinary
      bladder were performed. 83.6% of the tests resulted in a pure bacteriuria of the
      bladder and 14.2% in a supra-vesical participation. Of the 51 female patients 38
      = 74,5% were always suffering only from bacteriurias of the bladder. In 13
      patients = 25.5% we also or always found a supravesical participation. 15 female
      patients underwent a reflux test with technetium-levelled sulphocolloid. In no
      patient the tracer could be localised in the supravesical urinary tract. By
      reason of these results we are of the opinion that in the majority of female
      patients the vesico-ureteral occlusion mechanism does not allow an ascent of the
      germs. Therefore, the majority of patients is not imperilled by pyelonephritis.
      Among the female patients with relapsing non-obstructive infections of the
      urinary tract without radiologically provable reflux are some with marginally
      competent ostia. In these more or less frequently an occult reflux with ascent of
      the germs into the supravesical urinary tract may develop. These patients are
      potentially imperilled by pyelonephritis.

PMID- 676535
TI  - [Secondary vesico-ureteral reflux in the adult age].
AB  - The transurethral dehiscence of the ostium is a therapeutic method which causes
      the spontaneous passage of incarcerated intramural ureteroliths. However, it may
      be performed only in the centre of the roof of the ureter to a maximum length of
      0.5 cm. With lateral indentation the antireflux principle of the ostia of the
      ureters is abolished by damaging the reins of the intravesical musculature of the
      ureters. An asymptomatic reflux necessarily becomes a reflex disease, when it is
      complicated by an infection of the urinary tract. In secondary vesico-ureteral
      reflux by dehiscence of the ostium at adult age the indication to the operative
      treatment shall be made narrowly, since with the sanation of the infection of the
      urinary tract the reflux often disappears.

PMID- 676536
TI  - [2 1/2-year experience with highly-effective short-term dialyses in Erfurt].
AB  - At present 18 of 19 dialysis patients undergo the highly effective short-term
      dialysis, which is used in the Erfurt centre since November 1974. The therapy is
      performed by two parallel dialysators C-DAK 4 for 3 to 4 hours (24.4 square
      metres -- hours/week). During the period of observation of 2 1/2 years altogether
      35 patients were treated with the short-term dialysis. There are compared
      clinical and paraclinical parameters of 12 patients who on an average for 2 years
      underwent the short-term dialysis. The serum levels of retained substances of
      protein and albumin as well as the "optimum weight" did not or only unessentially
      differ from each other. Also the blood pressure values scarcely deviated from
      each other before and after dialysis. The manifold use of the C-DAK 4 is the
      cause for an increased substitution of erythrocytes. Insufficient compensation of
      the circulation and a low body weight are regarded as contraindication to the
      short-term dialysis.

PMID- 676537
TI  - [Short-term dialyses using a conventional hemodialyzer].
AB  - 1. Twelve patients who were treated twice eight hours a week for at least one
      year were admitted to a dialysis plan of twice seven hours a week and fourteen
      patients who were dialysed twice eight hours a week for at least one year were
      dialysed thrice four hours a week. The patients were dialysed with a spool
      dialysator with cuprophan membrane of a surface of 1 m2. Blood flow was 200--250
      ml/min., dialysate flow 500 ml/min. After 3, 6, 10, and 12 months the clinical
      picture, hydratation, protein katabolism, degree of anaemia and renal
      osteodystrophy as well as number of complications, degree of rehabilitation,
      concentration of the medium-molecular substances and of phenylalanine and the
      glucose tolerance were compared and the opinion of the patients concerning
      different types of the plan of dialysis was inquired. 2. The plan of dialysis of
      thrice four hours a week with a conventional dialysator is sufficient for a good
      state of the most patients. In none of the parameters investigated by us we could
      establish noticeable differences between the dialysis plan twice eight hours and
      twice seven hours and thrice four hours a week. The patients themselves clearly
      preferred a plan of dialysis of thrice four hours a week. 3. The concentration of
      medium-molecular substances in the blood is no sufficiently sensitive indicator
      for the determination of the quality of a permanent dialysis treatment in a good
      clinical state of the patient.

PMID- 676538
TI  - [Effect of factors related to hemodialysis on certain blood-coagulation
      parameters].
AB  - It is reported on the changes of the thromboelastogramme, the fibrinogen level,
      the number of thrombocytes and the time of coagulation, which developed due to
      the haemodialysis with intermittent and regional heparinisation, as well as on
      the isolated effect of heparin, protamine and the heparin-protamine-complex.
      Among others the cause was discussed, why there are in some cases higher values
      of the time of coagulation in the patient than in the extracorporal circulation
      during haemodialysis. For practical reasons was emphasized that the protamine may
      also have a pronounced anticoagulation effect.

PMID- 676539
TI  - [Medical demography and the problem of labor resources].

PMID- 676540
TI  - [Medical demography and the study of population mortality at the present-day
      stage].

PMID- 676542
TI  - [Selection and training of public health organizers].

PMID- 676543
TI  - [Characteristics of teaching dialectical materialism in the medical school].

PMID- 676541
TI  - [Experience in organizing emergency care for patients with nosebleeds].

PMID- 676544
TI  - [Prehospitalization organization of medical care for cardiovascular disease
      patients].

PMID- 676545
TI  - [Tasks and characteristics of managing the dispensary care of alcoholism
      patients].

PMID- 676546
TI  - [Statistics of stomach cancer in different ethnic groups in the Far East].

PMID- 676547
TI  - [Problems of medical demography].

PMID- 676548
TI  - [Social order to the medical college].

PMID- 676549
TI  - [Lethality in industrial accidents at metallurgical enterprises].

PMID- 676550
TI  - [Diseases of the organ of vision among Sverdlovsk students (according to medical
      examination data)].

PMID- 676551
TI  - [Incidence of chronic pneumonia in the adult population of Barnaul].

PMID- 676552
TI  - [Dispensary treatment experience with diabetes mellitus patients in an industrial
      province].

PMID- 676553
TI  - [Effect of the environment on the health of population of the USA].

PMID- 676554
TI  - [Early stages of experimental brain tumours in rats. Investigation of serial
      sections (author's transl)].
AB  - The results of transplacental induction of brain tumours by a single intravenous
      injection of ethylnitrosourea in a dosage of 20 or 30 mg/kg body weight to
      pregnant BD IX and Albino rats on the 17th day of gestation are presented. From
      46 animals of the offspring 43 rats developed 185 intracranial neoplams. 157 of
      them were early stages. Most of the animals had multiple tumours. One rat showed
      13 separate tumour nodules. The average number of brain tumours was 4.3 per rat.
      101 tumours had a diameter of less than 1 mm. The neoplasms were classified as
      179 glial tumours (mainly polymorphous gliomas, oligodendroastrocytomas and
      oligodendrogliomas), 4 sarcomas and 2 gliosarcomas. All the oligodendrogliomas
      and about two thirds of the polymorphous gliomas were early stages. The following
      preferential localizations in the rat brain were established: White matter of
      cerebrum, hippocampus, basal ganglia, cortex of cerebrum and brain stem. 25.4% of
      the tumours were localized in the subependymal area. Bulbus and tractus
      olfactorius, leptomeninx, and cerebellum were very rare sites of tumour growth.

PMID- 676555
TI  - [Angio-immunoblastic lymphadenopathy with involvement of the central nervous
      system (author's transl)].
AB  - A fatal case of angio-immunoblastic lymphadenopathy with involvement of many
      organs including the central nervous system is reported in a 28-year-old man. The
      patient died from bronchopneumonia 4 months after the onset of symptoms and 2
      weeks after the beginning of a cytostatic therapy.

PMID- 676556
TI  - [Diagnostic significance of morphological changes in biopsies of the pelvic crest
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Pelvic crests of 265 autopsies were histologically investigated. In nearly all
      cases with chronic diseases a remodelling of bones and especially processes of
      bone resorption were found. A fibroosteoclastic bone resorption was evident in 28
      of 40 cases with chronic renal failures, in 5 of 26 cases with chronic lung
      diseases and/or chronic insufficiency of the right heart ventricle, in 4 of 12
      cases with chronic diseases of the gastro-intestinal tract, and in a case of lung
      cancer. Processes of bone formation were less prominent. The findings indicate
      that several chronic diseases caused by different overlapping pathogenetic
      mechanisms can principally lead to the same spectrum of alterations of bone
      structure. This and the aetiological ambiguity of typical patho-histological
      reaction patterns of bones require a critical reserve in the interpretation of
      adequate findings in bone biopsies. It has been pointed out that the use of
      morphometric methods and the use of slices of undecalcified bones are necessary
      to obtain a reliable diagnostic tool in bone biopsies.

PMID- 676557
TI  - The frequency of the pulmonary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy in autopsies with
      bronchial carcinomas (author's transl).
AB  - Among 98 autopsies with bronchial carcinomas 7 cases were found with pulmonary
      hypertrophic osteoarthropathy. The incidence of the osteoarthropathy was neither
      correlated with the tumor localization nor with the histologic type of cancer.
      The Bamberger-Marie syndrome has not been the first clinical evidence of a
      pulmonary carcinoma in our cases.

PMID- 676558
TI  - [Dicephalus tribrachius (author's transl)].
AB  - A report is presented on a case of Dicephalus tribrachius in a 5-days-old female
      baby. In consideration of the literature peristatic disorders of an euzygotic
      twin germ during the first days of pregnancy are discussed as a possible cause of
      this malformation.

PMID- 676559
TI  - [Heart-operations in the first year of life (author's transl)].
AB  - During the last 3 years (April 1974 to April 1977) 246 patients in their first
      year of life underwent surgery because of complex severe congenital heart
      defects. Corrective surgery was attempted whenever possible, palliative
      procedures were used only in forms of cardiac malformations not feasible for
      repair. All corrective operations were done in profound hypothermia (20 to 22
      degrees C) with circulatory arrest. 73,6% of all infants survived the operation
      and were alive 30 days after operation-most of them markedly improved or
      completely free of symptoms. It is concluded that correction of congenital heart
      defects with the technique described seems to be a promising improvement of open
      heart surgery in the first year of life.

PMID- 676560
TI  - [The syndrome of the fifth day (author's transl)].
AB  - After operation of uncomplicated forms of appendicitis in children postoperative
      complications characterised by sudden vehement stomach-ache, quickly increasing
      tension of the abdominal wall, rise of temperature, pulse and white blood cells
      as well as vomitus, mostly on the fifth post-operative day could be observed.
      French authors call it "the syndrome of the fifth day". We observed this syndrome
      in 12 patients of 2.814 appendectomies in infancy. The treatment demands an
      immediate introduction of an intensive care by gastric suction intravenous fluid
      replacement and high doses of antibiotics. If these measures are not followed by
      an improvement within a few hours, a relaparotomy will be indicated. Then liquid
      pus is to be found in the abdomen and only a fibrin film in the primary operation
      field. In single cases we found a partial suture dehiscence. The aetiology of
      this complication has not been cleared yet.

PMID- 676561
TI  - [Duplication of the diaphragm in a 2,5-year-old child].

PMID- 676562
TI  - [Clinical value of the dexamethasone-HCG test in females with hirsutism with
      special reference to 17-beta-hydroxyandrogens].
AB  - The dexamethasone-hcg-test was administered to 34 hospitalized patients, aged 17
      to 45, who were suffering from hirsutism in order to reveal the source of their
      androgen levels, which in most cases were elevated. In addition to the usual
      estimation of urinary 17-ketosteroids and urinary 17-OH-corticosteroids plasma 17
      beta-hidroxiandrogens and androstendione were measured by RIA. The results of the
      tests varied to a high degree and could not be related to the clinical findings.
      The authors conclude that administration of dexamethasone-hcg-test is of small
      value in detecting the source of hirsutism.

PMID- 676564
TI  - [Primary tumor duplicity in cervix cancer in the material of the Berlin
      University Gynecological Clinic, 1955--1969].
AB  - A report is given about the primary event of multiple maligne tumors by patients
      with carcinoma of the cervix. We found a second maligne tomor in 1.5% of cases.
      The manifestation was variable. Specially frequent is the coincidence of
      carcinoma of the cervex and carcimoma of the endometrium. The average age runs up
      to 62 years. The interval up to the diagnosis of the second tumor amounts 3,8
      years. The probability of developing a second maligne tumor declines when the
      interval becomes longer. The necessity of an interdisciolinary team-work between
      acters in the follow up care of cancer patients is pointed out.

PMID- 676563
TI  - [Comparative vaginal cytology testing of gestagen components of 2 combination
      preparations].
AB  - The changes in cytohormonal patterns we have studied on 34 patients using various
      combinations of exogenous estrogenes and progestagens. Comparative analysis of
      data with the progestagen compounds Non-Ovlon or Gravistat showed a same effect
      on vaginal smear.

PMID- 676565
TI  - [Experience with second-look curettage].
AB  - Report about 31 second-look-curettages 3--12 months after radiotherapy of cancer
      of endometrium. In 5 cases the microscopic examination showed carcinoma of the
      endometrium, in 1 case the tissue formation was atypical. In 2 cases the
      curettage was not feasible. Indication of the second-look-curettage was
      discussed.

PMID- 676566
TI  - [Experience report on 495 conizations].
AB  - Report on 495 conisations in the 1966--1976 periol. Postoperative bleedings habe
      been observed in 5,25 per cent of all cases. In 60 out of 91 prestate cases (58
      carcinomata in situ and 33 states of the Ia category) an exstirpation of the
      uterus was the final method of therapy. 2 recidive cases and 1 cases of a second
      outbreak are described. The exstirpation of the uterus with insertion of a
      vaginal collar is recommended as the optimum method of therapy. A conservative
      position os token only in the case of a strongly expressed wish to become
      pregnant.

PMID- 676567
TI  - [Endometrial chondroma].
AB  - A case of ectopic cartilage formation is reported in the endometrium of woman
      suffering from tuberculosis of the internal genitalia. The possibilities as far
      as the theories relating to the explanation of cartilage formation are analysed.

PMID- 676568
TI  - [Effectiveness of Canesten preparations in blastomycoses of the female
      genitalia].
AB  - According to the examinations of the authors the administration of Canesten
      vaginal tablets for treatment of vulvovaginitis caused by blastospores resulted
      in 81% of the cases in a lasting healing, in cases with an affected anamnesis in
      75%. With additional treatments of Canesten solution and cream administration the
      efficiency was further increased and thus results of 90% or 76%, respectively
      could be achieved. With sanitation of auto- and heteroinfectious foci the
      recurrences of fungal infections could be avoided. There had been no
      teratogeneous effects in the newborns following Canesten treatment in pregnants.
      In course of Clotrimazol administration general characteristic side effects were
      not observed, a slight and quickly passing inflammation occured in few cases.

PMID- 676569
TI  - [Ultrasonic diagnosis within the graded program for pregnancy monitoring].
AB  - On the base of actual knowledge about ultrasound diagnosis in obstetrics some
      questions with regard to contents and organisations of complete pregnant women
      care must be answered. It is attempted to show ultrasound diagnosis to be a
      durable part of obstetric care and to be a component part of routine examination.
      In this way some conventional examination methods can be cancelled or carried out
      in a better form. Through that obstetric care can be increased to a higher
      niveau.

PMID- 676570
TI  - [Significance of various parameters of ultrasonic fetometry for the weight
      computation of the fetus].
AB  - In ultrasonic diagnostics, the fetal weight has been estimated on the basis of
      different dimensions of the fetal head or body either alone or in combination.
      When single dimensions have been used in late pregnancy, it has been possible to
      estimate the weight with an accuracy of 300--500 g, calculated as a standard
      deviation. When several dimensions are combined, the accuracy of the estimate is
      improved by 20--40%. The most commonly used dimensions are the biparietal
      diameter of the head and the thoracal or abdominal cross-section of the body. The
      ratio between the dimensions of the head and the body is also significant in
      diagnosing retardation of fetal growth. Although certain more complicated and
      time-consuming methods, such as the measurements of the volume of the fetal head
      and body, could yield somewhat more accurate estimates of fetal weight, they are
      not expedient in practical work. Scientific research is naturally a different
      matter.

PMID- 676571
TI  - [Factors influencing the accuracy of fetal-weight computation].
AB  - Parameters which have influence on the accuracy of the calculation of fetal
      weight. We estimated about 1500 cases in which we within three days before birth
      carried out an ultrasonic measurement. Most of the differences between the
      calculated prenatal and the scaled postnatal weight are caused by errors of
      measurement and abnormalities of the fetal development in pathologic pregnancy.
      In severe intrauterine retardation the actual fetal weight will be calculated
      about 600 g to heavy. In fetopathia diabetica with fetal hypertrophy the weight
      will be calculated about 400 g to small. Opposite to these sources of error the
      biologic variation and the inaccuracy involved by the mathematical regression
      model are small. The regression formula should be adapted by 1000 cases.

PMID- 676572
TI  - [Experience with ultrasonic placentography].
AB  - The authors review their procedure adopted at ultrasonic placentography.
      Examinations were done before amniocentesis in 21 cases and because of supposed
      placenta praevia in 111 cases. Patients delivered at thier institution, so the
      site of placental implantation could be controlled. They had only one "dangerous"
      mistake: considering a placenta praevia to be only placental implantation on the
      lower segment, otherwise ultrasonic diagnosis was wrong in 5 cases. So the
      efficience of our method can be taken as 96,2 per cent. The call attention to the
      difficulties of of posterior wall placenta diagnosis. They state that ultrasonic
      placentography is the least harmful among available procedures and also the
      safest way the localisation of placenta.

PMID- 676573
TI  - [Octuplet pregnancy following gonadotropin administration].

PMID- 676574
TI  - [Smoking in pregnancy].
AB  - Of a total of 1658 women, 11% had been smoking during pregnancy. The proportion
      of the prenatally dystrophic new-borns was statistically significantly higher in
      the group of smoking women compared to that of the non-smoking women.--Women
      smoking during gravidity have to be cared for by a risk service for pregnant
      women.

PMID- 676575
TI  - [Changes in the lecithin-sphingomyelin relationship in the amniotic fluid
      following the effect of dexamethasone].
AB  - Amniotic fluid samples were taken by transabdominal amniocentesis from 22
      pregnant women in the 32-37th gestation weeks. Determination of
      lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio showed that in 20 cases the L/S ratio was 2 or less
      than 2. The patients were treated with i.m. Dexamethason in a total dose of 0,3
      mg/kg body weight. Subsequently the L/S determination was repeated. Dexamethason
      treatment resulted in a significant increase of L/S ratio. In 3 cases out of 22
      the L/S ratio was below 2. No neonate developed RDS from this patient material.
      The authors are convinced that the risk of RDS is an indication for
      amniocentesis. If the L/S ratio equals 2 or is lower than this value, steroid
      prophylaxis is recommended.

PMID- 676576
TI  - [Value of amniotic fluid-serum HPL quotients for the monitoring of pregnancies at
      risk].
AB  - The simultaneous determination of HPL in maternal serum and in amniotic fluid is
      a method for diagnosis of the fetal well-being. Results of amniotic fluid HPL
      levels are expressed as percent of maternal serum levels. The value is above 12%
      in cases where intrauterine fetal distress were found.

PMID- 676577
TI  - [Nucleosome model satisfying the requirements of chromatin restructuring during
      ontogeny].

PMID- 676578
TI  - [Comparative study of the fatty acid makeup of the neuronal and glial cell
      phospholipids in the brain of reptiles, birds and mammals].
AB  - Studies have been made on fatty acid composition of phosphatidylcholine,
      phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol and
      sphingomyelin from the neurons and glial cells of the brain of rats, pigeons
      (Columba livia) and tortoises (Testudo horsfieldi). It was shown that fatty acid
      composition of the phospholipids investigated in both cellular fractions of
      tortoises differs from that of rats and pigeons. Within the same animal, fatty
      acid composition of homologous phospholipids from the neurons and glial cells is
      not identical. Differences in this respect were found in all the animals studied,
      although they are more evident in cells of pigeons and rats than in the cells of
      tortoises.

PMID- 676579
TI  - [Effect of hydrolases and digitonin on the electrophysiological characteristics
      of the neurons of the snail, Helix pomatia].
AB  - Studies have been made on the effect of trypsin, chymotrypsin, pronase, lipases,
      hyaluronidase and digitonin on electrophysiological properties of the neurons of
      the snail H. pomatia under external application. Proteases and lipases gradually
      depolarize the neuronal membrane, decrease the amplitude and prevent the onset of
      action potentials, initially increase and then decrease the membrane resistance.
      The decrease in the membrane resistance coincides with the period of maximum
      inhibition of resting and action potentials in the neurons. The enzymes studied
      do not affect the membrane capacitance. Changes in electrophysiological
      characteristics induced by the enzymes are partially reversible provided the
      preparation is soaked in Ringer's solution for a sufficient time. Digitonin
      rapidly and irreversibly depolarizes the membrane, decreases its resistance and
      blocks action potentials. Hyaluronidase does not significantly affect neuronal
      electrophysiological properties when applied solely, but facilitates the
      development of changes during subsequent effect of proteases.

PMID- 676580
TI  - [Action of hemicholinium on spontaneous muscular contractions of the body wall in
      earthworms and its sensitivity to cholinomimetics].

PMID- 676581
TI  - [Ecological characteristics of the hemoglobinograms of 3 species of sturgeons].
AB  - Studies have been made on fractional composition of hemoglobin in the Russian
      Acipenser guldenstadti, Siberian A. baeri and Amur A. shrencki sturgeons by
      polyacrylamide gel disc-electrophoresis. High electrophoretic heterogeneity (6--7
      components) of hemoglobin in each of the species was found together with a
      distinct species specificity of hemoglobinograms. The observed differences in
      fractional composition of hemoglobin are of an adaptive character which makes it
      possible to consider the Amur sturgeon as a perspective object for
      acclimatization in the seas of the Southern region of the USSR with lowered
      salinity.

PMID- 676582
TI  - [Age changes in the respiratory cycle and pulmonary ventilation in kittens before
      and after vagotomy].
AB  - Studies have been made on the structure of respiratory period, the volume of
      pulmonary ventilation in decerebrated kittens during their first month of
      postnatal development. In most of the kittens respiration rate decreases with
      age, although in some of the animals it remained high. In newborn kittens, the
      afferentation from pulmonary mechanoreceptors is more significant for the
      limitation of the duration of expiration (TE) than that of inspiration (TI).
      Respiration rate in vagotomized kittens increases with age. The maturation of
      central mechanisms controlling the change of inspiration by expiration and the
      change of expiration by inspiration follows different patterns. After vagotomy,
      TI undergoes insignificant changes within the first 3 weeks, increasing on
      further development of the animals. High value of TE in these kittens results
      from poor activity of the central mechanisms which limit expiration. Intensive
      development of these mechanisms is observed from the 9th to the 18th day. After
      vagotomy, the decrease in respiration rate is not always compensated by the
      increase in respiration volume, which may account for the decrease in pulmonary
      ventilation.

PMID- 676583
TI  - [Seasonal changes in myocardial sensitivity to acetylcholine in the molluscs,
      Anodonta complanata and Anodonta piscinalis].
AB  - Seasonal changes in ACh sensitivity have been studied on isolated cardiac muscle
      of the bivalve molluscs together with ATP content of the hemolymph and the heart.
      The lowest ACh sensitivity of the heart was found in August and October (KACh in
      August was equal to 44.0.10(-6) M). Maximum sensitivity was observed in March and
      at the end of August--the beginning of September (KACh in March was equal to 1.27
      X X 10(-6) M); at this period of year, ATP content of the hemolymph decreases
      approximately 100-fold, the release of ATP from the heart in the presence of ACh
      being also decreased. Maximum level of ATP in cardiac muscle was found in July.
      It was demonstrated that most significant changes in ACh sensitivity take place
      during spawning, especially when sex cells are transported from the gonads into
      the gills, as well as during the release of glochidia from the latter. Possible
      causes of seasonal changes in ACh sensitivity of cardiac muscle and the role of
      ATP in this process are discussed.

PMID- 676584
TI  - [Change in the chemical sensitivity of the visual cortical synapses in rabbit
      ontogeny].
AB  - In experiments on newborn rabbits under nembutal (pentobarbital) anaesthesia,
      studies have been made on changes of visual evoked potential in the visual cortex
      during application of 1% solutions of GABA and nembutal. At the age of 7--9 days,
      these drugs decreased the evoked response, which may be associated with their
      hyperpolarizing effect on cortical synapses. Between the 11th and the 13th days,
      no effect of GABA and nembutal upon the evoked potential was noted. Definitive
      reaction to application of these pharmacological drugs typical for adult animals
      is formed not earlier than to the 15th--17th day. Beginning from this time,
      application of GABA and nembutal significantly increases visual evoked potential.
      The postnatal evolution of chemical sensitivity of postsynaptic membrane of
      neurons of the visual cortex in rabbits is discussed.

PMID- 676585
TI  - [Statocyst regulation of the heart and statokinetic reflexes in the crab,
      Hemigrapsus sanguineus, during linear acceleration].
AB  - In experiments on the shore crab H. sanguineus studies have been made of the
      effect of variable longitudinal acceleration during swinging (for 15--30 min)
      upon cardiac activity and gravitational reflexes. High sensitivity of
      gravitational receptors of the canal statocyst to the effect of acceleration was
      demonstrated. Removal of the statocysts increases the frequency and amplitude of
      cardiac contractions as revealed by ECG recording. Changes in stato-kinetic
      coordinations cause both the disorder of overturning reactions and the disorder
      of reciprocal inhibition in antagonistic muscles of the dactylopodite. Statocyst
      regulation of skeletal muscles and heart is presumably realised via contralateral
      inhibitory canal which is sensitive to linear accelerations.

PMID- 676586
TI  - [Optimal air flow directions for activating the giant neurons of the cercal
      system in the cricket, Gryllus domesticus].
AB  - Studies have been made of the directional sensitivity of the giant neurons in the
      abdominal nervous chain of the cricket during the effect of air flows and sound
      stimuli on the cercal system. It was found that the axis of sonic and air flow
      diagrams of the directional sensitivity for a given neuron are practically
      identical. On the basis of flow diagrams, in each of the connectives at the edge
      of terminal abdominal ganglion 4 giant neurons were identified which may form a
      system accounting for the reception of air flows of any directions approximating
      horizontal plane. It was found that 3 neurons from this system receive the main
      bulk of excitatory impulsation from the ipsilateral cercus, and only 1 of them-
      from the contralateral one. The data obtained are discussed in relation to
      morphological and physiological characteristics of the investigated group of
      giant neurons.

PMID- 676587
TI  - [Chemical danger signal in the "predator-prey" system in fishes].
AB  - Studies have been made on peculiarities of defensive reaction in Phoxinus
      phoxinus to external metabolites produced by the pike Esox lucius and excreted
      into the basin. It was shown that the skin and mucose of the pike contain low
      molecular weight substances (m. w. about 1300) which being introduced into the
      basin serve as a chemical signal of danger to Phoxinus phoxinus.

PMID- 676588
TI  - [Glycogen and glucose content in the tissues of the frog and reptiles].
AB  - In poikilotherm animals--the frog Rana ridibunda, lizards Lacerta strigata,
      Eremias arguta, snake Natrix tesselata--high glycogen and glucose concentrations
      have been found not only in the liver, but also in muscles and especially in the
      brain. The content of glycogen in the brain of the reptiles investigated is 63.5-
      4.2 times higher, whereas that of glucose--6.9--39.5 times higher than in the
      brain of rats. The level of free fatty acids in the blood of frogs and snakes
      studied is the same as in rats, being 3.8 times higher in the blood of the
      lizards.

PMID- 676589
TI  - [Change in human hemoglobin makeup in postanatal ontogeny].

PMID- 676590
TI  - [Properties of the nervous tissue cholinesterase and carboxylesterase in the
      locust, Locusta migratoria].
AB  - It was shown that locust cholinesterase splits various thiocholine esters with
      different rate. Hydrolysis of p-NPA is due to the effect of carboxylesterase. The
      latter differs from cholinesterase by a low sensitivity to eserine and cation
      containing organophosphorus inhibitor methylsulfomethylate-O-ethyl-S-(beta
      ethylmercaptoethyl) methylthiophosphonate, as well as by higher sensitivity to
      triorthocresylphosphate. The results obtained are discussed in relation to
      possible differences of the active surface of the enzymes studied.

PMID- 676591
TI  - [Effect of the cerebellum on the motor activity of the stomach in the scorpion
      fish, Scorpaena porcus].
AB  - It has been shown that after cerebellectomy or electrical stimulation of the
      cerebellum in the fish the motor activity of its stomach undergoes significant
      changes. From the 1st to the 5th day after cerebellectomy, the frequency and
      amplitude of the stomach contractions decrease. These indices return to the
      initial level only to the 7th day after the operation. Electrical stimulation of
      the cerebellum decreases the frequency, but not the amplitude of the stomach
      contractions. These changes take place within the 1st hour after stimulation.
      Electrical stimulation of the skin of the head of the fish does not affect motor
      activity of the stomach.

PMID- 676592
TI  - [Narcotization of dolphins without blocking their own respiration].
AB  - Narcotization procedure for porpoises is suggested without blocking their
      respiration. Premedication: atropine (1 mg per 50 kg, intravenously), Seduxen (5
      mg per 100 kg, intravenously). Narcosis: sodium oxybutyrate (1 g per 50 kg,
      intravenously), Droperidol (12.5 mg per 100 kg, intravenously), Phentanyl (0.5 mg
      per 100 kg, intravenously).

PMID- 676593
TI  - [Maturation of the retinal structures in the ontogeny of mammals].
AB  - Using various neurohistological, electronmicroscopic, cytochemical and
      electrophysiological techniques, studies have been made on the development of
      peripheral visual pathways in human subjects and some homoiotherm animals (pigeon
      Columba livia, cats, rabbits). Heterochronous maturation of the conducting
      pathways in the retina was observed. The data obtained on rabbits suggest that
      heterochronous maturation of the receptors accounts for heterochronous
      differentiation of various elements within the system retina--visual cortex.

PMID- 676594
TI  - [Radiocompetitive method of H antigen determination].
AB  - The authors describe a radiocompetitive method of H-d-monomere determination with
      the sensitivity of 2 ng/ml in double antibodies modification; this method was
      used for comparing the immunological affinity of the affiliated H-antigens. A
      difference between the immunological affinity to the antibodies in a monomere,
      polymere and the flagellum was shown.

PMID- 676595
TI  - [Measures of prophylaxis of nosocomial infections in somatic hospitals].
AB  - Data are presented on the complex of measures for the prophylaxis of infections
      at the obstetrical and surgical clinics; also information on the efficacy of new
      disinfectants made in the USSR for the disinfection of objects of external
      environment, hands of medical personnel and air in somatic hospitals is given.

PMID- 676596
TI  - [Factors of transmission of salmonella infections under their sporadic spread
      conditions].
AB  - Epidemiological and microbiological studies carried out with the application of
      the principles of epidemiological observation permitted to ascertain the
      principal edpiemiological regularities of salmonelloses in one of the Moscow
      dictricts, to reveal the main factors determining these regularities, and the
      definite ways and conditions of their realization. Factual data indicating that
      there were no principal differences in the character of development of the
      epidemic process in case of the so called sporadic salmonelloses and
      salmonelloses occurring by the type of food poisoning foci were obtained.

PMID- 676597
TI  - [Alimentary outbreak of streptococcal angina].
AB  - The authors describe an outbreak of alimentary angina occurring at one of the
      large enterprises of Perm in April, 1975--185 persons fell ill in the course of 3
      days. The diagnosis of follicular angina was made in 61.6, of lacunar--in 38.4%
      of cases. Mild course was noted in 63.9, moderately severe--in 31.4, and severe-
      in 4.7% of cases. All these patients catered at the same place and ate sour
      cream. Hemolytic streptococcus was isolated in bacteriological examination of the
      nasopharyngeal mucus in 39 to 51 patients examined, as well as of the cook and
      confectioner of the catering establishment.

PMID- 676598
TI  - [Immunoepidemiological observations on the duration of post-vaccinal immunity in
      children vaccinated against measles].
AB  - In the course of 4 years the authors carried out an immunological and
      epidemiological observation over 4719 children which attended creches,
      kindergartens and schools, and were vaccinated with live measles vaccines L-16
      and ASC in 1967--1972. A stable persistence of immunity was revealed in the
      majority of children vaccinated against measles which responded to the
      vaccination by the formation of humoral antibodies. Among these groups an
      insignificant number of persons with the appearance of measles sensitivity was
      noted during the observation period. The quality of the preparation, conditions
      of its storage, use, and different errors during the vaccination influenced the
      efficacy of the vaccination. Children immunized with the low-immunogenic series
      of the vaccine whose blood sera failed to display any specific antibodies in the
      reaction with 1 AU of the antigen, as a rule, were the ones that contracted the
      disease.

PMID- 676599
TI  - [Transfer of drug resistance plasmids from Staphylococcus epidermidis to
      Staphylococcus aureus in mixed culture].
AB  - A possibility of transfer of chloramphenicol-resistance and penicillin-resistance
      plasmids from 4 different donor S. epidermidis strains to 2 S. aureus strains was
      demonstrated. Chloramphenocol-resistance plasmid was found in S. epidermidis
      1065/77 which was not expressed in this strain but could be transferred to and
      was expressed in Staphylococcus aureus strains. Penicillin-resistance and
      chloramphenicol-resistance plasmids were transferred simultaneously in 40 per
      cent of the colonies.

PMID- 676600
TI  - [Arginine metabolism in Citrobacter].
AB  - The authors studied ways of utilization of arginine and of the products of its
      metabolism (ornithine, agmatine, and urea) in the microoganisms of Citrobacter
      genus. Arginine- and ornithine-decarboxylase activity was revealed by
      spectrophotometric method of decarboxylation products in the form of
      dinitrophenyl-derivatives in a small number of strains. Almost all the strains
      studied demonstrated a sufficiently high agmatine-ureohydrolase reaction.
      Arginase was constantly revealed. These microbes were capable of urea utilization
      in prolonged incubation.

PMID- 676601
TI  - [The choice of optimal sensitizing dose of the antigen in the preparation of
      cholera erythrocytic diagnostic agent, with consideration to the avidity of
      antibodies under study].
AB  - The authors studied the comparative antigenic activity in the indirect
      hemagglutination test (IHAT) of erythrocytic diagnostic agents sensitized with
      various doses of cholera O-antigen. A definite dependence of the IHAT results on
      the avidity degree of the antibodies determined in the serum was demonstrated. To
      ascertain the maximal levels of highly avid antibodies (in the hyperimmune
      cholera sera) it is possible to use antigen doses exceeding the optimal
      sensitizing ones. In examination of less avid antibodies (for example in the
      blood sera of cholera patients) the diagnostic agent in such doses displayed
      decreased IHAT titres. To increase the reliability of the IHAT results it is
      recommended to choose the sensitizing antigen doses for the preparation of the
      diagnostic agent to be used in the IHAT with consideration to the avidity of
      antibodies examined in the blood sera.

PMID- 676602
TI  - [Characteristics of the biological activity of staphylococcal allergens obtained
      from various strains laboratory animals].
AB  - The authors suggest an optimal scheme of guinea pig sensitization for the
      assessment of specific activity of staphylococcal allergens. On milliard cells of
      killed staphylococcal culture are injected to the animals into the paws of the
      limbs; two and a half weeks later an intradermal test with an allergen in a dose
      of 10 microgram by protein was made. Differences in the specific activity of
      staphylococcal allergens prepared of various strains were revealed. Biochemical
      properties of the strains proved to be of significance for the sensitization.

PMID- 676603
TI  - [Clinical picture of cerebral cysticercosis].
AB  - The author studied 82 patients with brain cystocercosis (male--48 and females 34
      cases). Cystocercosis was most frequently encountered in individuals from 21--50
      years of age. The rural population constituted 74% while the urban--26%. The
      report contains data on the characteristic symptoms of brain cystocercosis and
      its differential diagnostical signs with brain tumors. Besides such states as
      epileptical, hypertensive, occlusional, psychopathological annd
      meningoencephalitic the authors distinguish the meningeal form which proceeds as
      a chronic remittent serous meningits.

PMID- 676604
TI  - [Several clinical features of syringomyelia].
AB  - On the basis of clinical studies of 387 patients with syringomyelia the authors
      describe different forms of this disorder. The results of these studies conducted
      by means of one derivation echoencephalography  depending upon the age and
      disease duration in patients with syringomyelia are demonstrated. The possible
      mechanisms of syringomyelia development are being discussed.

PMID- 676605
TI  - [Clinico-physiologic characteristics of syringobulbia].
AB  - In a complex study of 42 patients with syringomyelobulbia with the aid of EMG and
      EEG the author most frequently observed symptoms of damage of the descending root
      and the nuclei of the 5th nerve, the nuclei of the 9, 10 and 12 nerves, as well
      as nystagmus and the Horner symptom. The dysraphic signs were marked in 40
      patients. Conductive sensoral and motor disturbances, changes of arterial
      pressure and general vascular reactivity, bioelectrical brain activity, a
      decrease of gastric secretion were revealed. The significance of some
      diagnostical signs for recognition of syringobulbia is stressed.

PMID- 676606
TI  - [Selective aminoacidemia in essential tremor].
AB  - The paper is related to a study of the blood concentration of free amino acids in
      idiopathic tremor by means of a high voltage electrophoresis with subsequent
      ascending chromatography. The studied group consisted of 20 patients (9 males and
      11 females of 18--70 years of age). The control group included 30 normals (males
      and females of 18--48 years). The study demonstrated a selective increase of
      lysine and cystine in the blood, which exceeded the normal content several times.
      An investigation of the spectrum of free amino acids may be utilized for
      differential-diagnosis-diagnosis purposes and in cases of difficulties in
      diagnosis.

PMID- 676607
TI  - [Epidemiology and clinical polymorphism of hereditary ataxia].
AB  - The paper is concerned with a clinico-genetical analysis of 66 patients with
      hereditary ataxia from 44 families. The authors describe typical and atypical
      variants of separate clinical forms, underline the intra-and interfamilial
      polymorphism of the clinical picture. The study contains a detailed description
      of intellectual and extraneuronal changes, a characteristics of the EEG, EMG and
      REG changes.

PMID- 676608
TI  - [Dynamics of clinical and electromyographic findings in closed craniocerebral
      injuries].

PMID- 676609
TI  - [Bell's palsy (etiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, course, outcome)].
AB  - The authors studied 908 patients with Bell's paralysis. In 373 cases the etiology
      was cooling, in 52--vascular diseases, in 207 cases the etiology was not
      established. An analysis of the clinical picture development permits to assume
      that different modern theories of the pathogenesis of Bell's paralysis (the
      theory of primary ischemia, secondary ischemia a combination of primary and
      secondary ischemia) do not exclude each other, finding a different application
      depending upon the etiology of the paralysis. The report contains a detailed
      description of the clinical picture and development of Bell's paralysis. It is
      established, that the facial nerve in Bell's paralysis is usually affected in the
      inferior part of the Fallopian tube. A follow-up study of 536 patients
      demonstrated that in 174 cases (32.4%) (those who were discharged from the
      hospital with an incomplete therapeutical effect) a contracture of the mimical
      muscles was formed. In 70 of them the symptom of "crocodile tears" was found. In
      73 patients there were homolateral relapses of Bell's paralysis.

PMID- 676610
TI  - [Trigeminal-facial reflex of the orbicularis orbis muscle in patients with
      flaccid paralysis of the facial musculature].
AB  - With the aid of electric stimulation of the supraorbital nerve the authors
      studied the trigeminal facial reflex and evoked potentials of the facial nerve in
      patients with sluggish paresis of the facial muscles; 48 patients with neuritis
      of the facial nerve, 26 patients with polyradiculoneuritis, 5 patients with
      encephalitis and the syndrome of nucleus damage of the facial nerve (including 38
      children) and 3 patients with myasthenia were studied. It is demonstrated that
      along with the equal extent of flaccidness of the facial muscles there are
      different characteristics of indices of the latent period and the amplitude of
      the trigeminal facial reflex, which are of diagnostic and prognostic
      significance.

PMID- 676611
TI  - [Clinical manifestations and vascular reactivity in patients with dyscirculatory
      encephalopathy].
AB  - Using a neurological, psychiatric, experimental neuropsychological and REG study
      with the use of functional tests, the authors studied 66 patients with different
      stages of dyscirculatory encephalopathy and 20 normals of the same age (a control
      group). These patients demonstrated different degrees of disturbed intellectual
      and mnestic activities, a drop of attention and general activity, the speed of
      reactions, as well as different forms of expressed psychoorganic symptoms
      developing on the background of diffuse and eventually of microfocal neurological
      symptomatology. The REG data revealed relation between the stage of the disease
      on the one hand and the state of the vascular tone, elasticity of the vascular
      wall, level of arterial pessure and pulse blood repletion, the state of the
      venous outflow on the other. Changes of such parameters indicate to a prevalently
      functional character of these changes in the I stage and  partly in the II stages
      of dyscirculatory encephalopathy and mainly organic in its III stage.

PMID- 676612
TI  - [Latent endogenous depressions. I. Pseudoorganic neurosomatic symptomatology].
AB  - On the basis of a clinical follow-up study of 384 patients with cyclothymia and
      schizophrenia with the picture of larvated depressions the author distinguishes 5
      groups of somatovegetative sensations according to anatomo-physiological
      projections: cardiovascular (37%), neurological (32%), abdominal (23%), bone
      muscular (5%), skin (3%). The traits of pathological sensations, imitating
      genuine somatoneurological pathology is discussed in a differential diagnostic
      aspect.

PMID- 676613
TI  - [Clinical and social adaptation of patients with involutional depression].
AB  - The authors studied some traits of social adaptation in 92 patients with
      involutional depressions. It was established that the level of social adaptation
      in the majority of patients with involutional depression (46 cases) correlates
      with the affect during psychopharmacotherapy, expressed in an alleviation of
      psychopathological disturbances, with an eventual transition of depressions to a
      pseudoneurotic level. In such cases there was significant improvement of
      adaptation. Only in 5 cases, despite the treatement there was an expressed drop
      of social adaptation on the background of a formed stereotyped "frozen"
      melancholic state.

PMID- 676614
TI  - [Effect of schizophrenic patients' plasma on 14C-tryptophan incorporation in
      chicken erythrocytes].

PMID- 676615
TI  - [Psychogenic onsets of slowly progressive schizophrenia].
AB  - The authors studied 26 patients with slowly progressive schizophrenia, where
      prior to distinct symptoms of a schizophrenic process there was a reactive
      depression in the framework of the dynamics of psychopathy and in patients with
      an eventual development of the schizophrenic process. The report contains
      arguments indicating to the possibility of assessing the period of reactive
      lability, prior to the manifestation of schizophrenia, as a latent phase in the
      development of an endogenous process.

PMID- 676616
TI  - [Intellectual activity at different stages of an episode of periodic
      schizophrenia].
AB  - In 44 patients with periodical forms of schizophrenia at different stages of the
      stereotypical acute attack, the authors performed experimental psychological
      tests in order to study different aspects of intellectual activity (attention,
      memory, special-constructive and semantic thinking). It was established that the
      development of attacks was accompanied by increasing disorders of voluntary
      attention. Depending upon the sign of dominating effects, disordered active
      attention was accompanied either by acceleration and lability, or by delayed and
      inert psychic processes. This leads to an increasing disturbances in the
      organization of all forms of intellectual activity, up to a total inhibition of
      active psychic reflection at the clinical phase of the attack. The supposition is
      made that these disorders are connected with the changes in the level of brain
      vigilance.

PMID- 676617
TI  - [Brain potentials evoked by stimuli of different intensities in normal subjects
      and in hysterical psychopathy].
AB  - The author studied evoked potentials of 5 different intensitities to electroskin
      stimula in normals and psychopathic personalities of a hysterical type. It was
      established that different in their genesis the components of evoked potentials
      change differently in a change of the stimula intensity. The highest intensity of
      the stimula is reflected in the early sensory component of evoked potentials, the
      amplitude of which in normals in an increase of intensity successionaly rises. In
      hysterical personalities the amplitude of early sensorial components of evoked
      potentials in an increase of stimula intensity increases only to a certain limit,
      after which it begins to drop. This phenomenon called "reducing" indicates to a
      weakness of the sensory systems and relative prevalence of nonspecific brain
      systems in hysterical psycopathy.

PMID- 676618
TI  - [Variants of postprocess pathological personality development].
AB  - The authors consider some cases of postattack conditions in schizophrenia as a
      result of postprocess pathological personality development. A study of a group of
      schizoprenic patients (74 cases) made it possible to distinguish 6 variants of
      postprocess pathological personality (hypochondric, asthenical, development with
      querulous reactions, of a protracted reaction type, withdrawal from contacts,
      reaction of an animation type, reactions of protests). The authors propose to
      indicate the variant of a personality development in the framework of a
      functional diagnosis in order to make a more definite orientation of the
      rehabilitative measures.

PMID- 676619
TI  - [Genetic factors in the etiology of undifferentiated oligophrenia].
AB  - A clinico-genetical study of 262 families of patients with clinically
      nondifferentiated oligophrenia established that genetical factors play an
      important role in its etiology. According to the mechanism of inheritance these
      families were divided into 2 groups: a group of families with a monomeric
      inherited oligophrenia (58) and a group of families (204) where oligophrenia is
      inherited as a simple mendelian sign, and in relation to this group polymeric
      mechanisms of inheritance are more acceptable. Both groups differ by the
      frequency of secondary cases, the degree of defect in the patients, coefficient
      of inbreeding. The second group of nondifferentiated olgophrenia is especially
      difficult for an etiological differentiation, because it is quite possible that
      they include cases with exogenously determined oligophrenia.

PMID- 676620
TI  - [Interhemispheric interrelationships in oligophrenic patients].
AB  - The author registered evoked electrical activity from the right and left
      occipatal area in oligophrenic  patients to letters and nonverba stimula
      presented unilateraly to different halves of the field of vision. For control
      purposes a group of normals was studied according to the same method. A
      hemispheric asymmetry seen in the group of normals was not detected in
      oligophrenic patients. It is assumed that this is one of the nervous mechanisms
      of declined intellectual activity.

PMID- 676621
TI  - [Dactyloscopy undifferentiated oligophrenia].
AB  - The paper deals with a study of dematoglyphics in 458 oligophrenic patients (265
      boys and 193 girls) from 7--18 years of age and 373 normal children of the same
      age. In all the ill boys, irrespective of the degree of mental retardation there
      was a decrease of arc patterns and an increase of the whorle frequency. In girls
      with oligophrenia in the degree of debility there was a significantly lower
      amount of arc patterns and an increase of whorles, the frequency of loops did not
      differ significantly with that of the control group. In girls in whom the
      oligophrenic defect was of the degree of imbecility or idiocy there was a more
      frequent amount of arc and whorle patterns at the expense of a decrease of loop
      patterns, while in the control group there was a somewhat more frequent amount of
      arc an loop patterns and less frequent--of whorles.

PMID- 676622
TI  - [Correlative relationship between changes in the volume rate of cerebral and
      peripheral blood flow and the outcome of severe cranio-cerebral injuries].
AB  - On the basis of a complex of investigations, the results of quantitative study of
      the volume rate of cerebral and peripheral blood flow in 42 patients with severe
      carniocerebral trauma are presented. Analysis of the changes provides evidence of
      their dependence on the severity of the trauma and the stage of the comatose
      state. A definite correlation between cerebral and peripheral blood flow in the
      acute period of a severe craniocerebral trauma was revealed. No correlation
      between the parameters mentioned was found in patients with a favourable course
      of the disease. With growth in the severity of the craniocerebral trauma the
      degree of correlation between the cerebral and peripheral blood flow increased.
      Total correlative dependence between them was found in patients with the most
      severe craniocerebral trauma.

PMID- 676623
TI  - [Relationship between changes in the mechanical properties of arteries at the
      base of the brain and the features of cranio-cerebral injuries].
AB  - Craniocerebral injuries were examined macromorphologically on autopsy of 123
      persons who had died of the trauma. According to the site to which the force had
      been applied and the direction of the axis of the blow, all craniocerebral
      traumas were distributed among 6 types (modification of classifications suggested
      by Spatz, Unterharnsheidt and Ripperger, and Mayer). The main mechanical
      properties of the arteries of the base of the brain were determined in 45
      casualities: relative deformity in a force of small load, maximum (destructive)
      relative deformity, and strength. Drastic changes in these properties were
      revealed in cases with a severe cerebrocranial trauma terminating in death, which
      was particularly characteristic of types I, II, and III craniocerebral trauma.

PMID- 676624
TI  - [Repeated intracranial hemorrhages, their prevention and treatment].
AB  - The formation of recurrent hematomas was encountered in patients operated on for
      intracranial hematomas of traumatic and nontraumatic origin and for contusion of
      the brain. To prevent recurrent hemorrhages, the authors employed active
      aspiration of the wound canal contents by means of a three-jar aspirator or a
      microaspirator in the postoperatice period in 56 cases. It is noted that active
      aspiration of the wound discharge, continued for 2--4 days, makes it possible to
      avoid the formation of recurrent intracranial hematoma and to reduce resorption
      of the decomposition products, this improves the course of the postoperative
      period.

PMID- 676625
TI  - [Late results of balloon occlusion of the afferent vessels of arteriovenous
      aneurysms].
AB  - The remote results of balloon occlusion of the afferent vessels of widely-spread
      arteriovenous aneurysms in 50 patients are discussed. The average follow-up
      period was 4 1/2 years. A favourable result was noted in 21 of 30 patients with
      epileptic seizures. Recurrent hemorrhages developed in 3 of 36 patients who had
      one or more intracranial hemorrhages before the operation. Headache was relieved
      in the patients after the operation.

PMID- 676626
TI  - [Relationship between the state of consciousness following cranio-cerebral injury
      and the parameters of the blow].
AB  - Data on the dependence of the clinical manifestations of the initial period of
      craniocerebral trauma in a human being on the physical parameters of the blow
      were treated by the method of correlation and regression analysis. A regression
      equation was obtained specifying linear dependence between the traumatic value of
      the blow and the characteristics of the kinetic energy of the blow. The presumed
      dependence of the severity of the clinical manifestation of the trauma on the
      localization of the blow is statistically substantiated. On the basis of the
      established dependence, curves were plotted for the probability forecast of the
      state of the injured person's consciousness depending on the rate at which the
      blow occurred and its localization, which may be used in the elaboration of
      methods for the appraisal of protective helmets and headpieces.

PMID- 676627
TI  - [Clinical picture and diagnosis of subdural hematomas in children].
AB  - Thirty-six children, aged from 5 months to 14 years, with subdural haemorrhages
      are discussed. In 31 the hemorrhages were of a traumatic character, in 5 their
      origin was unknown. The authors draw the conclusion that the course of subdural
      hematomas in children is marked by peculiarities which often make the clinical
      diagnosis difficult. Examination of the cerebrospinal fluid, echo
      encephalography, and angiography helped in all these cases to identify the
      character of the process and its localization properly. All children underwent
      operation with a satisfactory outcome.

PMID- 676628
TI  - [Hemodynamic changes during the orthostatic test in patients with spinal cord
      damage at different levels].
AB  - Hemodynamics were studied during orthostatic load on a special orthotable in 54
      patients with different levels of spinal cord interruption. With the patient in a
      horizontal and then in a vertical position, the arterial pressure, pulse, volume
      rate of blood flow in the forearm, and the cardiac output were recorded every
      minute. The total resistance of the vessels was calculated. Absence of
      constrictor reactions in the lower half of the trunk was revealed in patients
      with a high level of spinal cord damage, due to whicorthostatic collapse
      developed within the first minutes after they had been placed in a vertical
      posture. The orthostatic stability of such patients may be somewhat improved by
      producing additional external pressure to the lower part of the trunk (with
      special suits) and by means of other forms of special training. Patients with the
      spinal cord damaged at a low level (below the sixth thoracic vertebra) tolerate a
      10-minute orthostatic load quite satisfactorily.

PMID- 676629
TI  - [Micturition disorders in patients with severe injuries to the cervical portion
      of the spinal cord].
AB  - Disorders of micturition in 163 patients with a severe trauma of the cervical
      portion of the spinal cord are analysed. The data obtained concerning the
      functional condition and afferentation of the urinary bladder and the severity of
      the developing combined urologic complications (pyelonephritis, urolithiasis,
      vesicoureteral reflux, etc.) are evidence of marked disorders of micturition
      which are directly dependant on the time elapsed since the injury to the spinal
      cord had occurred and its severity.

PMID- 676630
TI  - [Selective cooling of the spinal cord and spinal nerve roots in patients with
      spastic and pain syndromes].
AB  - Selective cooling of the spinal cord and its roots was applied in 26 patients
      with a high degree of muscle spasticity of various genesis and in 12 of those
      with various pain syndromes. Hypothermia was conducted by the open and closed
      (puncture) methods. The subarachnoid space was cooled to 11--7.5 degrees C.
      Spasticity diminished to grade I--II in 15 patients and to grade III in 9; in 2
      patients it did not change. In 3 of 12 patients the sensation of phantom and pain
      were completely relieved, marked improvement occurred in 6 patients, while in 3
      patients the effect proved short-lived or doubtful.

PMID- 676631
TI  - [Transtentorial ventriculocisternostomy].
AB  - Transtentorial ventriculocisternostomy was performed on 21 patients. It led to
      the correction of the hypertensive-occlusive phenomena in all of them. No
      accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the soft tissues along the shunt-tubes,
      liquorrhea or purulent complications were encountered in the postoperative
      period. Transtentorial ventriculocisternostomy is indicated as the final stage of
      exploratory trephination of the posterior cranial fossa during which occlusion of
      the c.s.f. passages, irreparable by any other means, is revealed. It may also be
      the operation of choice for patients in whom high occlusion was diagnosed during
      a preoperative examination. Irrespective of the level and causes of occlusion of
      the c.s.f. passages and the operative method, bilateral ventriculocisternostomy
      is expedient.

PMID- 676632
TI  - [Modified incision retractor for spinal surgery in lumbar osteochondrosis].

PMID- 676633
TI  - Aesthetic blepharoplasty, ectropion and incipient ectropion.
AB  - Postoperative ectropion of the lower lid is the most common serious complication
      of aesthetic blepharoplasty. Important points in the surgical technique are
      described. The emphasis is on judicious skin excision. The management of
      postoperative ectropion is outlined. A lax, pre-ectropic lower lid constitutes an
      additional risk. The technical modifications which will prevent changing an
      incipient ectropion into a postoperative ectropion are reviewed.

PMID- 676634
TI  - [Surgical treatment of pulmonary metastases (author's transl)].
AB  - From April 1954 till February 1976, pulmonary resections for metastases of
      primary extrapulmonary malignancies have been done on 35 patients, 21 men and 14
      women with average age of 49 years 7 months. In about half of the cases the lung
      opacities were discovered occasionally. Three patients have undergone a second
      thoracotomy for a recurrent metastasis. Of the 48 resected metastatic lesions, 31
      were located in the right and 17 in the left lung. Thirty were on resection
      unilateral and solitary. There was no operative mortality and the postoperative
      morbidity was neglectable. The cumulative 3- and 5-years survival percentages as
      obtained by the life-table method were 44.6 and 31.2. Better survival rates were
      found in the age group of 0-40 years and in the group of the sarcomas. Worse
      results were obtained when the primary tumor was invasive or associated with
      regional metastases. Resection of metastatic lung lesions larger than 5 cm
      diameter and especially the resection of multiple lesions gave poorer results.
      The time-interval between the primary operation and the pulmonary resection had
      no clear prognostic value. The factors determinating the palliative character of
      the pulmonary resection had a negative influence on the survival. None of the 9
      patients with pulmonary metastasis and secondary intrathoracic lymphatic
      metastases did survive longer than 3 years. All these patients had a primary
      carcinoma. Out of this study no conclusions can be made as to the extension of
      the pulmonary resection.

PMID- 676635
TI  - [Hyperselective vagotomy (author's transl)].
AB  - Hyperselective vagotomy is an operation to be performed with utmost care and
      necessitates control of the nerve ending during resection. The operation is
      extremely well tolerated and yields excellent results in simple duodenal ulcers.
      It is more delicate in perforated or bleeding ulcers. However one should
      ascertain the benign nature of the lesion and pathologic studies must be
      performed on frozen sections at the operation. Long term follow-up is not yet
      available.

PMID- 676636
TI  - [Agenesia of the gallbladder. Report of two new cases (author's transl)].
AB  - A propos 2 personal cases of a rare malformation, agenesia of the gallbladder,
      the authors reappraise the anomaly, of which the precise diagnosis is essentially
      surgical. They stress the frequency of associated malformation and the usefulness
      of operative exploration with cholangiography. There is no specific treatment for
      this condition. Draining the principle bile duct is warranted in case of
      choledocotomy.

PMID- 676637
TI  - [Paraduodenal hernia (author's transl)].
AB  - The internal paraduodenal hernia is a most unusual disorder of the alimentary
      tract, due to a failure of the process of intestinal rotation. There exists a
      right and left variety, each of them presenting specific features. Often there
      are no symptoms or perhaps a vague abdominal malaise. Occasionnally one finds the
      clinical picture of obstruction, even of strangulation. The preoperative
      diagnosis is seldom made; however, it could be done if one keeps the possibility
      in mind. A successful surgical treatment necessitates an understanding of the
      mode of origin and a throughout knowledge of the anatomic variations.

PMID- 676638
TI  - Acute free perforation as first sign of Crohn's disease.
AB  - Free perforation with generalized peritonitis remains a rare manifestation of
      regional enteritis. Most of these perforations occur as complications of
      recurrent, well-diagnosed regional enteritis. A review of the literature reveals
      only 14 recorded cases of free perforation in patients without any previous
      abdominal complaints. The present report describes two more cases. Both of them
      were treated by resection of the involved segment with immediate anastomosis.

PMID- 676639
TI  - Aorto-enteric fistula as clinical entity.
AB  - A 19 year experience (1958-1977) with aortoenteric fistulas is presented. An
      aorto-enteric fistula is a direct communication between the aortic lumen and the
      gastro-intestinal tract producing a gastro-intestinal bleeding. The commonest
      cause of a primary or spontaneous aorto-enteric fistula is aneurysm formation. If
      there has been an operation on the aorta then the aorto-enteric fistula is called
      secondary. No primary aorto-enteric fistulas were encountered but thirteen
      secondary aorto-enteric fistulas are reported on a total of 841 aorto-femoral by
      pass operations reviewed. Six hundred and sixty-one of these had an acceptable
      follow-up: this gives a 2% incidence. Our survival rate is 40%. Four different
      possible mechanisms are proposed for the formation of the secondary aorto-enteric
      fistula: anastomotic aneurysm formation, fibrous reaction, intra- or
      postoperative contamination or a combination of these possibilities. Some
      etiological factors as type of anastomosis, suture material, prosthesis material,
      hypertension, end-arterectomy and preoperative aneurysmatic tendency are
      analysed. A study is made of the different available diagnostic tools and the
      different possible therapies are discussed.

PMID- 676640
TI  - [Causalgia: Report of a case (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors present the clinical course of a 48 year old workman who developed a
      progressively extending pain, after having wounded his left second finger with a
      metallic rod at work. This pain increased despite multiple surgical and medical
      treatment, including repeated amputations of the segments of the finger and the
      resection of the corresponding neurovegetative chain. When, two years later, the
      patient is seen by the authors, psychological analysis clearly shows an
      imbalanced evolution since chilhood: the pain is a focussing of various physical
      disconforts. A neuropsychological treatment is started in accordance with the
      noted background and the pain subsides within a few weaks. The result is
      stabilized in many months of treatment. From this clinical case, the authors
      stress the often dominant influence of the mental state in pain in general, and
      more specifically is the so called causalgic pain.

PMID- 676641
TI  - Shock of anaphylactoid type induced by protamine: a continuous cardiorespiratory
      record.
AB  - The intravenous administration of protamine to a patient after cardiac bypass
      caused a sudden increase in airway resistance and lung stiffness, and a severe
      drop in arterial blood pressure. The ventilatory obstruction reached its maximum
      after 30 s and had returned almost to normal in 3 min. Arterial hypotension with
      low pulse amplitude, decreased heart rate and ST depression in the ECG tracing
      developed 1.5 min after the respiratory symptoms. In spite of rapid blood
      transfusion, arterial pressure reached a low level after 5 min, but rose after
      isoprenaline administration. It is suggested that changes in the vascular and
      respiratory compartments occur in parallel with, but independently of, myocardial
      injury and depressed cardiac contractility.

PMID- 676642
TI  - Occupational hazards to reproduction and health in anaesthetists and
      paediatricians.
AB  - A mail questionnaire was sent to Finnish anaesthetists and paediatricians to
      evaluate the risks of reproductive, teratogenic and health complications related
      to the professions. The incidence of diagnosed spontaneous miscarriages in
      anaesthetists' families was 10.2% of all pregnancies and it was 13.2% in
      paediatricians' families. Smoking seemed to increase markedly the incidence of
      spontaneous miscarriages, which was 22.9% in smoking female anaesthetists and
      17.2% in smoking female paediatricians. The gestation times in cases of both full
      term pregnancies and miscarriages were shorter in the anaesthetist group than
      those in the paediatrician group. Congenital abnormalities appeared at an equal
      rate in both anaesthetist and paediatrician groups, but strikingly, there were
      nine musculoskeletal abnormalities in the anaesthetists' children compared to no
      such defects in paediatricians' children. Serious diseases occurred at low
      frequencies, but three cases of hepatic jaundice and three cases of viral
      myocarditis in anaesthetists indicate possible infectious hazards to health in
      anaesthetic work. Different infectious diseases to the respiratory and urinary
      tracts were commonest among paediatricians. Cancer was not reported in the
      anaesthetist group. The study does not indicate that gas pollution in operating
      rooms is harmful to the personnel.

PMID- 676644
TI  - Reversal of fentanyl-induced narcotic depression with naloxone following general
      anaesthesia.

PMID- 676645
TI  - Althesin in neurosurgical patients: effects on cerebral hemodynamics and
      metabolism.
AB  - The effect of althesin 0.5 ml/10 kg on arterial blood pressure, intracranial
      pressure, cerebral blood flow and oxygen uptake was studied on 19 occasions in 16
      patients with varied cerebral pathology. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured
      using the intracarotid 133xenon method and a 35-channel scintillation detector
      after cannulation of the internal carotid artery, the internal jugular bulb and
      the lateral cerebral ventricle. Arterial and intracranial pressures were recorded
      continuously. Blood gas tensions were measured in simultaneously drawn samples
      from the internal carotid artery and the jugular bulb. Cerebral oxygen uptake was
      calculated from the product of CBF and arteriovenous oxygen content difference.
      Control values were obtained with the patients under a basic general anesthesia,
      consisting of N2O/O2 pancuronium. The effect of a bolus injection of althesin was
      then studied 1 and 20 min after the injection. A significant reduction in
      intracranial pressure, cerebral blood flow and metabolism at 1 min was found to
      have essentially subsided 20 min after the injection. In patients with focal
      brain damage, regional flow analysis revealed a paradoxical increase in flow
      after althesin in the areas corresponding to the focus.

PMID- 676643
TI  - Early postsurgical bacterial contamination of the airways: a study on 28 open
      heart patients.
AB  - One pre- and two postoperative cultures of tracheo-bronchial secretions were
      obtained from 28 cardiac patients, subjected to open-heart surgery. Four patients
      received preoperative antibiotics, and all but one received postoperative
      prophylactic antibiotics. Preoperatively, only one patient had potential
      pathogens; after surgery (mean intubation time 4.2 h), four patients (14.3%) had
      organisms; and after 19 h of intubation, 28% of the patients had potential
      pathogens in their tracheo-bronchial secretions. Only three of the seven
      organisms recovered from the last sample were clearly sensitive to the
      antibiotics given prophylactically; and two of these organisms were Group A beta
      haemolytic streptococci. The early presence of organisms in the airways after
      intubation, the high incidence of colonization, and the ineffectiveness of
      prophylactic antibiotics in preventing this contamination are pointed out. The
      factors that may possibly influence colonization of airways among these patients
      are commented on.

PMID- 676646
TI  - A circle system without carbon dioxide absorption.
AB  - An anaesthetic circle system without a carbon dioxide absorber is described. The
      efficiency of the circle, i.e., the fraction of alveolar gas in the outflow from
      the circle, was measured in 15 patients during halothane anaesthesia or neurolept
      analgesia. The fraction ranged from 0.88 to 0.95 (mean 0.91), while the ratio
      between the alveolar ventilation and the fresh gas inflow ranged from 0.97 to
      1.71. The efficiency was not correlated to this ratio. There was no need for
      hyperventilation if the fresh gas inflow was 10% higher than the alveolar
      ventilation required to maintain normal PaCO2. The circle was used in 50 patients
      manually ventilated by nurse anaesthetists. Mean fresh gas inflow was 60 ml/kg.
      Mean PaCO2 was 5.47 kPa (41 mmHg). In a similar group of 50 other patients, in
      which the standard circle used in the department was employed, the mean PaCO2 was
      4.80 kPa (36 mmHg). The frequency of hypercapnia was equal in the two groups, but
      hypocapnia was not seen when the circle without absorber was used.

PMID- 676647
TI  - Hemodynamic observation in relation to extensive surgical treatment of patients
      with increased operative risk.
AB  - In 25 patients, considered high surgical risks according to clinical criteria,
      systemic and pulmonary hemodynamic parameters were monitored using a flow
      directed pulmonary arterial thermodilution catheter before, during and after
      major vascular surgery. During and after the operation, hemodynamic complications
      were observed in 13 patients. The following conditions were dealt with:
      hypovolemia, increased systemic vascular resistance, and left ventricular failure
      in hypervolemia and in normovolemia. Tachy-arrhythmias seen in six of the
      patients were associated with left ventricular failure, hypovolemia or normal
      hemodynamics. Operation for renovascular hypertension and thoracolaparotomy
      carried the highest risk. Two of the patients died from primarily surgical
      complications.

PMID- 676648
TI  - Individual variation in response to thiopental.

PMID- 676649
TI  - Postanaesthetic postural stability following thiopental or propanidid
      anaesthesia.
AB  - Using a quantitative Romberg-test performed on a computerized force-plate-system,
      postural stability was tested in 39 patients before and 3 hours after general
      anaesthesia with either thiopental (20 patients) or propanidid (19 patients).
      Sway-tendencies in the sagittal and the transversal direction were recorded.
      Comparing pre- and postoperative test results, patients anaesthetized with
      thiopental had a decreased postural stability 3 hours after anaesthesia,
      indicated by a significantly (P less than 0.05) increased sway-tendency of 22.6%
      in the sagittal direction. No change occurred in sway-tendency in the transversal
      direction in this group. In the propanidid group no significant differences were
      found between pre- and postoperative test results.

PMID- 676650
TI  - Effect of pain on human psychomotor performance.
AB  - The effect of pain on human psychomotor performance was measured in seven healthy
      volunteers after an intramuscular injection of vitamin B or saline using a
      controlled cross-over method. Vitamin B, causing moderate to severe pain, or
      painless saline was injected into the buttock at a time when the subjects'
      performance was impaired after an intravenous injection of diazepam (0.3 mg/kg).
      The subjects' psychomotor performance was tested before and 2, 3, and 4 h after
      diazepam (before, 15 min, and 1 h 15 min after the vitamin B and saline
      injections). The effects of the vitamin B injection on the subjects' divided
      attention, reaction or co-ordination skills or their ability to discriminate the
      fusion of flickering light did not differ from the corresponding effects of the
      saline injection. The results suggest that pain as such does not have any major
      influence on human psychomotor performance.

PMID- 676651
TI  - [Anterior falcate artery in the adult].
AB  - The anterior falcate artery (arteria falcea anterior) represents the continuation
      of the anterior ethmoidal artery. In the adult, it has been described previously
      only in its rostral portion, which supplies the falx cerebri. In the present
      study, however, it is shown that there exists a continuation which runs in the
      parietal dura of the superior sagittal sinus and which unites with the frontal
      branch of the middle meningeal artery at the border between the frontal and
      parietal bones. In addition, the anterior falcate artery, by means of
      arterioarterial connections, is associated with the nearby branches of the
      frontal ramus that supply the frontal dura. The anterior falcate artery, mostly
      paired, is furnished with cross-connections. Venae comitantes are absent from the
      parallel-running main branches. In occlusion of the ophthalmic artery, the
      anterior falcate artery, due to its connections with the middle meningeal artery,
      may be significant in the establishment of a collateral circulation to the orbit.

PMID- 676652
TI  - Innervation of the carotid body. An experimental quantitative study.
AB  - The innervation of the carotid body in the cat was studied by means of light- and
      electron-microscopic techniques. Sinus nerve resection, glossopharyngeal
      resection, bilateral cervical sympathectomy, excisions of two nerves, and
      injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OH-DA) were performed in different groups of
      animals. It was found that resection of the sinus nerve produces a rapid phase of
      degeneration of intralobular fibers and synaptic boutons, followed by a
      reinnervation with a progressive reappearance of these elements. This
      reinnervation is retarded by sympathectomy and prevented by 6-OH-DA. It is
      therefore concluded that reinnervation is due to collateral regeneration of
      nearby sympathetic fibers. Resection of the sinus nerve produces an increase in
      the number of argentaffin cells and dense-cored vesicles in the cytoplasm of
      principal cells. These findings suggest the existence of efferent synaptic
      contacts between this nerve and principal cells. Part of the intralobular fibers
      and synaptic boutons degenerate after bilateral sympathectomy demonstrating that
      sympathetic axons connect synaptically to the principal cells. Sympathetic fibers
      reach the carotid body, not only from branches of the cervical plexuses but also
      from fibers running in the adventitia of the common carotid artery, and via
      glossopharyngeal and sinus nerves. The vagus nerve contributes a few fibers to
      the parenchymal lobules of the carotid body.

PMID- 676653
TI  - Neuro-histochemical study of the adrenal gland of Rattus rattus rufescens (Indian
      black rat) as revealed by cholinesterase technique.
AB  - The present investigation was undertaken to study the innervation and
      acetylcholinesterase (AChE) distribution in the adrenal gland of Rattus rattus
      rufescens (Indian black rat) by cholinesterase technique. The percentage of
      myelinated nerves in the cortical zone (cortex) and medulla zone was high. AChE
      positive and multipolar ganglia on the outer medulla region, and the ganglia and
      nerve cells, arranged in chain-like fashion in the chromaffin tissue, were
      recorded. AChE activity was marked in the cortical zone (in the form of spots)
      and in the medulla zone (in the form of white and black grains).

PMID- 676655
TI  - Electron microscopy of lymphatics of the porta hepatitis.
AB  - The ultrastructure of the lymphatics of the porta hepatitis at the junction with
      the liver parenchyma has been examined. The lymphatics are composed of
      endothelium composed of flattened cells containing occasional mitochondria,
      pinocytotic vesicles and nuclei. The cells are bound by maculae adherentes,
      zonulae occludentes and desmosome-like structures. There are occasional fibers
      between endothelium and underlying collagen. Occasional pores closed by
      diaphragms are present. There is very little basement membrane. There is no
      definite communication with the spaces of Mall and Disse, but the lymphatic
      lumens are separated from these areas only by the junctional processes, which may
      be permeable. Lymphatics are present only in collagenized portal areas and not in
      the liver parenchyma proper.

PMID- 676654
TI  - [Testis and ovary in a didactic histological and terminological comparison].
AB  - The so-called sex glands are not glands but germ hives. The germ cells are
      surrounded by nurse cells which alone build the tubulus or follicle epithelium
      (spermio- and oonutricytes). In the testis there is being differentiated between
      intra- and extratubular blood-germ cell barriers. The sperm cells should
      ultimately be called spermiocytes, the egg cells no longer be confused with the
      egg. The 4 germ cell generations and their 4 developmental phases in both organs
      are compared point by point. The interstitial cells are named andro- and
      gynocytes for considered reasons. The search for suitable names promotes
      knowledge and teaching.

PMID- 676656
TI  - Limbic projections to the cat thalamus. A horseradish peroxidase study.
AB  - Retrograde axonal transport of horseradish peroxidase was used to identify the
      afferent projection systems of the anterior thalamic nuclei in the cat. The
      results indicate that fibres projecting to the three anterior nuclei of the
      thalamus arise from the hippocampal region, septum and cingulate cortex
      unilaterally and from the hypothalamus (mamillary nuclei) both bilaterally and
      unilaterally. The cells of the medial mamillary nuclei send their axons to the
      ipsilateral AV and AM nuclei whereas the lateral mamillary nucleus projects
      bilaterally to the AD nuclei.

PMID- 676657
TI  - Anatomical, histological and histochemical observations and changes in the poll
      glands of the camel (Camelus dromedarius). Part III.

PMID- 676658
TI  - Comparison of the effects of laser on the light- and dark-adapted rodent retinas.

PMID- 676659
TI  - [New system for the preservation and storage of anatomical matter].
AB  - The authors introduce a new system of preservation and storage of anatomical
      material. The system accomplishes the following demands: (1) avoidance of fungi
      on section material, (2) alternative application of various preservation fluids,
      (3) utmost flexibility of storage capacity, (4) clearness and easy control, (5)
      elimination of unpleasant smell, (6) smallest possible need of staff and (7) low
      working expenses.

PMID- 676660
TI  - Histochemical studies on the peroxidase localization in the rat ovary and uterus
      during various reproductive stages.
AB  - A histochemical study has been made of peroxidase changes in rat ovary and uterus
      during different developmental stages of the normal and pregnant rats. The
      peroxidase was found to be present in the corpus luteum of the ovary of both
      normal and pregnant rats as well as in the allantochorionic placenta, while the
      growing follicles in the immature and mature rat ovary showed no activity. The
      possible physiological significance of the peroxidase changes in relation to
      luteal steroidogenesis has been discussed.

PMID- 676661
TI  - [On a case of musculus supracostalis anterior, Bochdalek Junior, variation
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 676662
TI  - [A quantitative study on the left-right asymmetry in the area consisting of the
      posterior part of the superior temporal gyrus, the angular gyrus and the
      supramarginal gyrus (author's transl)].

PMID- 676663
TI  - Psychomotor epilepsy and psychosis. I. Physical aspects.
AB  - In a controlled investigation the clinical findings in 96 patients with
      paranoid/hallucinatory psychosis and partial epileptic seizures with complex
      symptoms, were compared with the findings in 96 control patients with the same
      type of epilepsy without psychosis of median 24 years' duration. The median age
      at onset of psychosis was 34 years, after epilepsy of median 21 years' duration.
      The seizure frequency of complex, partial seizures was significantly lower in the
      psychotic group, while the frequency of generalized seizures did not differ. A
      significant preponderance in the psychotic group of left-handed patients,
      etiological factors and neurological signs reflecting organic damage, and
      seizures of automatic behaviour indicates that epileptic psychoses are caused by
      structural lesions affecting the deep parts of the temporal lobe.

PMID- 676664
TI  - Psychomotor epilepsy and psychosis. II. Electroencephalographic findings
      (sphenoidal electrode recordings).
AB  - The EEG findings in waking, sleep, and sphenoidal electrode recordings in 96
      patients with partial epileptic seizures with complex symptoms, who, after a
      median interval of 18 years developed paranoid/hallucinatory psychosis, were
      compared with the findings from a group of patients without psychosis, who had
      had the same type of epilepsy in median 24 years. There were no significant
      differences between the two groups with regard to median age at onset of epilepsy
      or complex partial seizures, age, or duration of epilepsy at time of examination.
      The psychotic patients had a significant preponderance of temporal medio-basal
      spike foci, recorded on the sphenoidal electrode, indicating deep temporal lobe
      dysfunction as an important factor in the pathogenesis of psychosis. A
      significant higher frequency of bilateral and multiple spike foci, together with
      a significant frequency of slow-wave admixture to the waking background EEG
      activity, indicated more extensive and severe epileptogenic lesions in the
      psychotic patients. There was no correlation between psychosis and unilateral EEG
      foci in either temporal lobe.

PMID- 676665
TI  - Demonstration of cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytes sensitized against virus
      antigens in mumps meningitis.
AB  - Virus-induced proliferation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lymphocytes and blood
      lymphocytes was studied in patients with mump meningitis and in patients with
      aseptic meningitis of other etiology. In four out of five patients with mump
      meningitis the proliferation of CSF lymphocytes after mumps virus stimulation was
      higher than obtained with the corresponding number of blood lymphocytes. No
      proliferation was registered when lymphocytes from patients with other aseptic
      meningitis were stimulated with mumps virus. These data indicate the occurrence
      in CSF of lymphocytes specifically sensitized against mumps virus in patients
      with mumps meningitis.

PMID- 676666
TI  - Hereditary myelopathy of Afghan hounds, a myelinolytic disease.
AB  - A disease described previously as hereditary necrotizing myelopathy and
      myelomalacia was studied in four Afghan hounds. Light and electron microscopic
      investigation revealed sieve-like degeneration of spinal white matter. Despite
      extensive spongiform degeneration of myelin that progressed to micro- and macro
      cavitation, substantial numbers of axons were preserved. This canine myelopathy
      was compared and contrasted with various toxic/metabolic conditions including
      subacute combined degeneration.

PMID- 676667
TI  - Hypoplasia of hemispheric white matter, peculiar pallidal changes and dysplastic
      inferior olives in a child with psychomotor retardation.
AB  - A 25-month-old child with nonprogressive psychomotor retardation is described.
      Symmetrical hypoplasia of hemispheric white matter with an apparently intact
      cortex was a major finding. Maternal trauma to abdomen at 25 weeks of gestation
      was probably implicated in precipitating the condition. Also, changes resembling
      hypertrophy of the inferior olives were found in the pallida and were associated
      with dysplasia of the inferior olivary nuclei. There were other findings to
      suggest that the pallidal and olivary changes were secondary to deafferentation.

PMID- 676668
TI  - Radio-autographic study of cell proliferation secondary to Wallerian degeneration
      in the postnatal rat optic nerve.

PMID- 676669
TI  - Dysmyelination of the central nervous system in the Chow-Chow dog.
AB  - Five Chow-Chow dogs from three different litters had generalized body tremors
      since birth. Histologically a severe myelin deficiency was found in the central
      nervous system. The peripheral nerves were normally myelinated. Electron
      microscopically abnormally thin myelin sheaths and completely naked nerve fibers
      were found. There were many astrocytes in the myelin deficient areas as well as
      cells with the characteristic features of oligodendrocytes but also containing
      fibrils. The present cases are compared to other dysmyelinating diseases and
      possible pathogenetic mechanisms are discussed.

PMID- 676670
TI  - A morphologic study of opportunistic cerebral toxoplasmosis.
AB  - The morphology of toxoplasma and its interaction with the cellular elements of
      the brain were studied in a patient who dies of extensive cerebral toxoplasmosis
      superimposed on Hodgkin's disease. The cerebral lesions were devoid of
      inflammatory cellular response and contained numerous organisms mostly in
      isolated multiplying forms in neurons, glia and vascular walls. Encysted forms
      containing multiplying organisms were seen infrequently. Intracellular parasite
      was identified in normal-appearing neuropil. The mode of multiplication and cyst
      formation of toxoplasma appeared basically similar to that described under
      experimental conditions. In addition, a rapid evolution of the cerebral lesions
      was suggested by computerized tomography. This study suggests that tissue
      necrosis in human cerebral toxoplasmosis is the result of an increased rate of
      multiplication and enhanced cellular invasiveness of the parasite most likely
      related to impaired cellular immunity as has been postulated by clinical and
      experimental data.

PMID- 676671
TI  - The spreading of focal brain edema induced by ultraviolet irradiation.
AB  - Focal brain edema limited to one cerebral hemisphere was produced by ultraviolet
      irradiation of the exposed cortex. Tissue water content was determined by the
      gravimetric method which allows microsampling. Therefore, the spread of edema
      around the small necrotic area could be mapped more precisely than by
      determination of dry weight which calls for larger samples. As early as 30 min
      following irradiation, hyperemia and swelling of the brain are observed under the
      operating microscope. This correlates with venous stasis, hyperemia, and
      broadened perivascular spaces around venules and large capillaries accompanied by
      a marked rise in the specific weight of the tissue. After 4 h an edema front can
      be observed spreading from the perinecrotic zone in which there is a marked rise
      in endothelial cell vesicular activity. Edema reaches maximum levels in the deep
      white matter at 48 h post irradiation with normalisation of the tissue water
      content after 96 h. The velocity at which the edema front spreads from the cortex
      to the periventricular area lies in the range of 0.25 mm/hr. Edema reabsorption
      coincides with signs of retrograde micropinocytosis in endothelial cells.

PMID- 676672
TI  - Ventral porencephaly: a cerebral defect associated with multiple congenital
      anomalies.
AB  - An infant with multiple congenital anomalies was found at autopsy to have a
      porencencephalic defect on the ventral surface of the left frontal lobe. The
      intracranial defect was seen in association with an anomalous configuration of
      the circle of Willis. The zone of tissue destruction corresponded to the vascular
      territory of the anterior choroidal and lenticulo-striate branches of the
      proximal middle cerebral arteries, which were absent on the left. The
      developmental anomaly of the circle of Willis may have predisposed to tissue
      destruction by compromising cerebral perfusion at midgestation, a stage of rapid
      brain growth.

PMID- 676673
TI  - Reactive neuroaxonal dystrophy in children. Clinical pathological correlation.

PMID- 676674
TI  - DNA alkylation and neuro-oncogenesis by 3,3-dimethyl-1-phenyltriazene.
AB  - The role of DNA alkylation by the neurooncogenic agent 3,3-dimethyl-1
      phenyltriazene (DMPT) was investigated perinatally and in adult rats. Following a
      single subcutaneous injection of 14C-DMPT (100 mg/kg) on the 21 day of gestation,
      the concentration of methylated purines was similar in both fetal liver and brain
      whereas during postnatal growth this treatment resulted in an increasingly
      preferential methylation of liver DNA. In 30-day-old and adult rats the
      concentration of 7-methylguanine in liver was about 8 times higher in brain DNA,
      suggesting that during prenatal development both liver and brain DNA are
      transplacentally methylated by a proximate carcinogen produced by maternal
      organs. Multiple doses of 14C-DMPT (50 mg/kg) to adult rats led to a preferential
      accumulation of O6-methylguanine in cerebral DNA. This supports the hypothesis
      that the deficient repair excision capacity of the hypothesis that the deficient
      repair excision capacity of the central nervous system is a significant factor in
      the organ-specific carcinogenicity of DMPT and related carcinogens.

PMID- 676675
TI  - Tumor specific fluorescent and complement-dependent cytotoxic antibodies in the
      serum of rats with chemically induced brain gliomas.
AB  - Brain tumors were induced in Sprague-Dawley and Long-Evans rats by administration
      of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea in the drinking water. Of these tumors, a grade 2 mixed
      glioma, a grade 2 to 3 astrocytoma and a grade 1 to 2 oligodendroglioma were
      established in vitro, maintained in culture and designated 75SD-G-376, 75SD-G-420
      and 77LE-G-180, respectively. Of these mass cultures, two were successfully
      cloned and are currently available as 75SD-G-376C and 75SD-G-420C cell lines.
      Clonal lines produce S-100 protein and grow as tumors when isografted in young
      rats. Using the cultured cells as target cells , specific antibodies were
      searched for in the sera of the rats with the primary tumors by means of an
      indirect fluorescent antibody staining method and a complement-dependent antibody
      mediated microcytotoxicity assay. Fluorescent and cytotoxic antibodies were
      demonstrated in the sera of the mixed glioma- and astrocytoma-bearing animals.
      However, a variable proportion of cells of the 75SD-G-376 and 75SD-G-420 lines
      showed no reaction with the corresponding sera. Furthermore, cytotoxic antibodies
      had a lytic effect on the autologous glioma cells only in the presence of rabbit
      complement.

PMID- 676676
TI  - Some contributions of electron microscopy to the diagnosis of brain tumors.
AB  - Selected examples of neoplasms of the central nervous system are reviewed in
      which the electron microscope has been instrumental in establishing the
      diagnosis. These include ependymoma, ependymoblastoma, epithelial cyst,
      paraganglioma in the cauda equina and cerebellar neuroblastoma.

PMID- 676677
TI  - Barriers of peripheral nerve towards exogenous peroxidase in normal and protein
      deprived rats.
AB  - The protective barriers of the sciatic nerve in protein deprived and normal rats
      have been studied. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was applied extra-neurally in
      rats aged between 4 and 26 weeks. The spread of the tracer was investigated 2 h,
      24 h, and 3 days after application. Passage of tracer into the endoneurium was
      found in all rats but decreased with age. Within the endoneurium, HRP was
      phagocytized by normally occurring endoneurial histiocytes, which constitute part
      of the protective barrier system of peripheral nerves. The functional development
      of the nerve protective barriers was retarded in protein deprived rats.
      Observations made in this study support the concept of a transperineurial
      vesicular transport of macromolecules.

PMID- 676678
TI  - The effect of extraction of the intrafascicular contents of peripheral nerve
      trunks on perineurial structure.
AB  - The intrafascicular contents have been extracted from the tibial nerve of the
      rabbit through perineurial incisions. Within 6--8 days following this procedure,
      the perineurial cells separate from one another, become dissociated from their
      basement membranes and assume a fibroblast-like appearance. The intrafascicular
      space becomes populated with endoneurial fibroblasts. With the ingrowth of
      regenerating axons, bundles of axons and associated Schwann cells become
      surrounded by cells of fibroblastic appearance which undergo perineurial
      transformation resulting in the development of multiple small fascicles. The
      cells of the surrounding perineurium appear to reassume a lamellar organization
      and to reestablish contacts with each other with the formation of junctional
      complexes. It is therefore suggested that neural structures may be responsible
      for the development and maintenance of the structural organization of the
      perineurium.

PMID- 676679
TI  - Quantitative analysis of voluntary muscles from routine autopsy material with
      special reference to the problem of remote carcinomatous changes
      ("neuromyopathy").
AB  - Specimens from the deltoid muscle of 210 randomly selected autopsy cases without
      previous clinical evidence of primary neuromuscular impairment were examined with
      regard to the influence of extramuscular diseases on voluntary muscle.
      Differences between malignant tumours and other disorders were of special
      interest with respect to the question of the possible existence of a remote
      effect of cancer on skeletal muscle. The number of central nuclei within muscle
      fibre cross sections was considered as the most simple parameter for myopathic
      reaction. Atrophic fibre changes were examined quantitatively by measurement of
      the orthogonal fibre diameters and calculating the variation of fibre size. In
      addition, a semi-quantitative histological evaluation of the muscles was
      performed. While tumor cases did not show a significant difference from the
      remainder with respect to myopathic changes, they did display a significant
      difference with regard to scattered and small-group fibre atrophy. The reasons
      for the muscular changes are discussed. From the present investigation the
      changes seem to be due chiefly to metabolic impairment and wasting. No signs for
      a specific carcinotoxic effect on skeletal muscles could be demonstrated.

PMID- 676681
TI  - Changes of the ratio between myelin thickness and axon diameter in the human
      developing sural nerve.
AB  - Axon caliber and myelin sheath thickness of individual nerve fibers were
      evaluated in the developing human sural nerve using three different methods of
      measurement: 1. ocular micrometer evaluation of large fibers, 2. photographic
      enlargements for evaluating large numbers of nerve fibers of all sizes, and 3.
      electron microscopic enlargements for more precise measurements in selected
      nerves. The average axonal diameter doubles from 5 months gestation to about 5
      years of age. Large fiber group axons increase, during the same period, by a
      factor of 3--3.5 with a slight decrease thereafter. The myelin thickness
      increases more slowly, but continuously, between 5 months gestation until the age
      of 14. This asynchronous development of axons and myelin sheaths results in a
      statistically significant change of the ratio between axonal caliber and myelin
      thickness. The slope of the regression line is steeper in older than in younger
      individuals, and the correlation coefficient increases during development of the
      nerve.

PMID- 676680
TI  - [Myelinopathy due to carbon monoxyde poisoning. A study in ultrastructural
      neuropathology (author's transl)].
AB  - A 24-year-old woman was found comatose after 2 days of cephalalgia and vomiting.
      An immediate diagnosis of carbon monoxyde poisoning was disclaimed when blood
      carbon monoxyde was found to be 1.75 ml/100. A diagnosis of acute intracranial
      hypertension led to trephination with ventricular punction and brain biopsy on
      the third day. The patient died on the eleventh day. Ultrastructural study of
      biopsy tissue showed nearly normal cortex, and injured white matter, with
      disrupted or destroyed myelin and pycnotic oligodendroglia in contrast with
      nearly normal axons, astrocytes, and capillaries. Autopsy showed a typical
      semioval center myelinopathy. After discussion of the histotoxic, vascular, and
      edema theories for myelinopathy pathogenesis, primary oligodendrogial lesion is
      considered, and correlated with the diphasic evolution often observed in the
      course of carbon monoxyde myelinopathy.

PMID- 676682
TI  - Contribution to the histology of tick-borne encephalitis.
AB  - The light microscopic changes of the first human case in which electron
      microscopic identification of the virus was successful, are described. They are
      compared with the findings accepted in the literature as characteristic of tick
      borne encephalitis. Although meningeal and intracerebral infiltrations were
      partly connected, the process cannot be regarded as a meningoencephalitis. The
      choroid plexus remained free from infiltration. The discontinuous inflammatory
      process was severe in the cerebral cortex in the pre-central region, further in
      the temporal lobe, and became even more accentuated in the amygdaloid nucleus.
      Reduction in the number of nerve cells could be ascertained chiefly in the motor
      cortex. The tick-borne encephalitis belongs to the group of disseminated
      polioencephalitides with predilection site in the brain stem, all of them caused
      by ribonucleic acid viruses, irrespective of whether the virus belongs to the
      families of Picorna-, Toga-, or Rhabdoviruses. Within this histologically
      outlined group the individual entities possess distinctive traits. The
      significance of the anoxic-vasal factor in the process formation is displayed on
      the instance of some traits of the histological pictures.

PMID- 676683
TI  - Gross vascularization of experimentally induced transplanted tumors of the
      central and peripheral nervous system.
AB  - Subcutaneously and intracerebrally transplanted neurinomas as well as
      intracerebrally grafted gliomas, both derived from primary tumors with resorptive
      carcinogens were investigated after injection of micropaque by conventional
      histologic methods and by postmortem X-ray analysis. Growth pattern and
      vasculature were similar in subcutaneously and intracerebrally transplanted
      malignant neurinomas. The most common feature was a parallel arrangement of
      vessels as shown by microradiography and vessel free zones. In intracerebrally
      grafted glioma, the growth of tumors was confined to or starting from the
      ventricular system. Sinusoidal vessels, capillary proliferations and
      proliferation of vessel wall were found. The outstanding feature was the
      occurrence of extravascular contrast deposits, thus indicating the vulnerability
      of tumor vessels and frequency of hemorrhages into these tumors.

PMID- 676684
TI  - Synaptic remodeling of the cerebellar circuitry in mutant mice and experimental
      cerebellar malformations. Study "in vivo" and "in vitro".

PMID- 676685
TI  - Chronic relapsing EAE. Time course of neurological symptoms and pathology.

PMID- 676686
TI  - Chronic relapsing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis: CNS plaque development
      in unsuppressed and suppressed animals.
AB  - Central nervous system (CNS) lesion morphology has been studied in inbred Strain
      13 guinea pigs sensitized for chronic relapsing EAE in which the disease was
      either left to develop (unsuppressed) or was suppressed with injections
      containing myelin basic protein (MBP). Pathologic changes correlated well with
      clinical activity. In unsuppressed chronic EAE animals, active clinical disease
      was invariably matched by acute inflammation in the CNS. In more chronic states,
      the CNS displayed fibrosis and remyelination while relapses showed the CNS to
      contain recent changes superimposed upon old lesions. In animals in which the
      disease was suppressed by injections of MBP, clinical signs did not develop.
      However, some early subclinical changes were seen morphologically. These lesions
      were able to remyelinate early on and there was no progression in lesion
      formation. Apparently, therefore, MBP had a beneficial effect upon the course of
      the disease and had promoted structural repair.  It thus appears that MBP therapy
      might be one effective approach for the prevention of chronic relapsing EAE. The
      findings should prove relevant to future MBP trials in multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 676687
TI  - Ultrastructural cytochemical demonstration of peroxidase-positive monocyte
      granules: an additional method for studying the origin of mononuclear cells in
      encephalitic lesions.
AB  - Unlike lymphocytes, blood monocytes possess in their cytoplasm peroxidase
      positive (azurophil) granules (ppg) which largely correspond to the homonymous
      organelles of neutrophil granulocytes. We tested whether ppg, demonstrated
      cytochemically at the submicroscopic level, could serve as markers of monocyte
      derived reactive mononuclear cells in encephalitic lesions. Samples of
      cerebrocortical tissue from adult albino mice with experimental yellow fever
      virus encephalitis were incubated in a medium containing diaminobenzidine and
      H2O2 for localization of peroxidatic activity. Mononuclear cells exhibiting ppg
      were found (1) in the lumen of brain venules, (2) in different stages of
      migration through the walls of such vessels, (3) in perivascular areas, (4) in
      the glioneuropil, either loosely scattered or forming small clusters, (5) in a
      satellite position to neurons, and (6) in leptomeningitic inflitrates. Several
      mononuclear elements harboring ppg had assumed an elongated, rod cell-like
      outline. Amongst the peroxidase-negative mononuclears were fully developed brain
      macrophages and elements showing morphologic features characteristic of activated
      lymphocytes. Most mononuclear cells without ppg resembled the peroxidase-reactive
      ones. The results of this study provide direct evidence in favor of a monocytic
      origin of, at least, numerous reactive mononuclear elements in encephalitic
      lesions. The approach followed in the present study is not suitable for
      quantitative investigations of the histogenesis of mononuclear cells responding
      to brain injuries, since emigrated blood monocytes rapidly lose their ppg,
      particularly, when they display enhanced phagocytic activity.

PMID- 676688
TI  - Brain monoamines in human hepatic encephalopathy.

PMID- 676689
TI  - Encephalitis following vaccination against distemper and infectious hepatitis in
      the dog. An optical and ultrastructural study.
AB  - A 4-month-old, male, healthy dog developed CNS-symptoms 10 days after the second
      vaccination with live, attenuated distemper and canine hepatitis virus. The
      animal was euthanized after 2 weeks of illness. Light and electron microscopic
      examination of the CNS showed a partly necrotizing encephalomyelitis with
      numberous intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies, and the presence of
      probable pseudomyxovirus nucleocapsids and of crystalloid and tubuloreticular
      aggregates. Although there was conformity of inclusion bodies and probable viral
      structures as revealed by electron microscopy, the latter showed a much wider
      distribution. In addition, viral structures of a different type were found in
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Several
      morphological criteria led to the supposition that they are Picornaviruses, or
      possibly Arenaviruses. It is thought that their role in the disease process was
      at best an indirect one.

PMID- 676690
TI  - [Vaginal cytology: experience in 21,231 smears].

PMID- 676691
TI  - [Primary lymphoma of the breast].

PMID- 676692
TI  - [Maternal mortality].

PMID- 676693
TI  - [Evaluation of pregnancies in sterile marriages].

PMID- 676694
TI  - [Cytology as a diagnostic method of breast tumors].

PMID- 676695
TI  - The healing of cartilage injuries under the influence of joint immobilization and
      repeated hyaluronic acid injections. An experimental study.

PMID- 676696
TI  - Larsen's syndrome.
AB  - A girl with the characteristic abnormalities of Larsen's syndrome is presented. A
      soft flabby consistence of the cartilaginous skeleton of the larynx and trachea
      was thought to be the cause of attacks of respiratory failure which suddenly
      caused her death at the age of 9 months. Microscopy revealed a considerably
      reduced number of elastic fibres in the larynx, trachea and bronchi. Closed
      reduction of the knee dislocation by skin traction seemed to be successful.

PMID- 676697
TI  - Recurring digital fibromas of infancy. A case report.

PMID- 676698
TI  - Recurrent ulnar nerve dislocation at the elbow. Report of a non-traumatic case
      with ulnar entrapment neuropathy.
AB  - An unusual case of habitual recurrent ulnar nerve dislocation at the elbow is
      described. The case was complicated by non-traumatic ulnar entrapment neuropathy
      interfering with the patient's profession as a musician (cello).

PMID- 676699
TI  - Abduction contracture of the shoulder. A report of two patients.
AB  - Two cases of winged scapulae due to fibrosis of the deltoid muscle are reported.
      The fact that these two patients were healthy and well prior to injections
      suggests that intramuscular injeciton is the causative factor. Treatment by
      simple division is satisfactory.

PMID- 676700
TI  - Lumbar intervertebral disc herniation in the young.
AB  - A survey of 37 young patients, 10 to 18 years of age, with lumbar intervertebral
      disc herniation is presented. Local physical findings and limitation in straight
      leg raising are often more marked in the young than in adults, whereas pain may
      be slight or even absent. Neurological findings were normal in 40 per cent of the
      cases, and when deficits were found, they were usually of a minor nature.
      Herniated disc syndrome in children and adolescents is characteristic and should
      not be difficult to recognize. With surgical treatment good results were obtained
      in nearly all cases.

PMID- 676701
TI  - Pyogenic spondylitis.
AB  - During the period 1972-1974 10 patients suffering from pyogenic spondylitis have
      been treated at the Central Hospital of Middle Finland. Three of the patients had
      become acutely ill with septic fever and back pain. In the remaining cases the
      onset of the disease was insidious. Fever, weight loss and fatigue were the
      general symptoms. Percussion revealed local tenderness at the site of infection
      in all patients. Two patients showed neurological signs. The ESR was elevated in
      all cases and alkaline phosphatase was elevated in six patients. Blood culture
      was positive in those three patients who had become acutely ill. Narrowing of the
      intervertebral space was observed in all patients. Scanning with Tc99 was
      performed in nine patients, seven of whom were at an early stage of the disease;
      a significant uptake was recorded in five of these cases. The average interval
      between the onset of symptoms and the diagnosis was 3 months, range 1 to 5
      months. The treatment consisted of bed rest and antibiotics. All the patients
      recovered and became symptom-free.

PMID- 676702
TI  - Hemipelvectomy. Postoperative rehabilitation assessed on the basis of 41 cases.
AB  - Rehabilitation was evaluated on the basis of 41 consecutive hemipelvectomies for
      malignant tumours. Owing to early metastasization and death, 11 patients were not
      supplied with prostheses, while prosthetic fitting was attempted in the remaining
      30. Of this number 27 completed prosthetic training, with the result that 15 used
      their prosthesis, while 12 discarded it after some time, six because of poor
      general health owing to recurrence of the tumours and six because they felt that
      the prosthesis was too heavy and difficult to wear. Twenty-three returned to
      work. After elimination of the most severely tumour-affected patients, there were
      19 one-year survivors without recurrence. Thirteen of them were using their
      prosthesis every day, and thirteen had gone back to work. Serious mental sequelae
      were found in five patients, including four with long-lasting exogenous
      depressions and one with anxiety neurosis.

PMID- 676704
TI  - Methylmethacrylate hypersensitivity in orthopaedic surgery.
AB  - The sensitivity to methylmethacrylate monomer in 25 patients undergoing
      orthopaedic surgery was studied. No relation could be found between the
      cardiovascular reactions observed during the cementation of the femoral
      prosthesis and the complement system, investigated by measuring the serum
      concentration of the haemolytic complement, components 3 and 4.

PMID- 676703
TI  - Impacted fractures of the femoral neck treated by early mobilization and weight
      bearing.
AB  - Among 280 patients with femoral neck fractures 46 were classified as having
      impacted fractures according to the criteria mentioned below. The treatment of
      patients with impacted femoral neck fractures was determined to be mobilization
      with partial weight-bearing from the first day of admission. Among the 42
      patients successful in immediate mobilization there were eight whose fractures
      disimpacted. Three cases of avascular necrosis were recorded but no cases of non
      union. In order to determine the predictive signs of secondary dislocation the X
      ray findings were subjected to statistical analysis. The inclination of the
      fracture line, dislocation into a valgus or varus position and the presence of
      retroversion did not influence the tendency to disimpaction. More than 80 per
      cent of the fractures healed without disimpaction.

PMID- 676705
TI  - Experiences with total hip replacement arthroplasty ad modum ring.
AB  - The results of total replacement of the hip joint ad modum Ring are presented.
      The review includes 63 hips (from among the total number of cases operated by the
      various methods) followed up for periods ranging from 6 months to 5 years. The
      assessment has shown excellent results in 33.3 per cent, good results in 50.8 per
      cent, fair in 9.5 per cent and poor results in 6.4 per cent. Advantages and
      disadvantages of the method are discussed.

PMID- 676706
TI  - Demonstration of rotatory instability in injured knees by stress radiography.
AB  - Rotatory instability of injured knees may be demonstrated by stress radiography
      by recording the different movements of the medial and lateral tibial condyle at
      pull or push with the knee in 90 degrees flexion. The displacements of the
      condyles are expressed in millimetres, not degrees. Comparison with the healthy
      knee is always used. The displacement of a tibial condyle has to exceed 3.0 mm in
      relation to the healthy knee to be defined as pathological. If the movements of
      both condyles exceed the movements in the healthy knee by more than 3.0 mm in the
      same direction a drawer sign is present--if only one of them moves, an abnormal
      rotation is present. When a drawer sign is present there may still be a greater
      displacement of one of the tibial condyles which means a rotatory instability
      added to the drawer sign, designated a complex rotatory instability. All types of
      rotatory instabilities, simple and complex, are defined and discussed, in
      relation to the classification of Nicholas, Trickey and Slocum & Larson. Forty
      one cases of abnormal rotation were demonstrated in this series by stress
      radiography. The direction of rotation and the type of instability are described
      and compared with the operative findings. The findings are in agreement with
      those of the above-mentioned authors and the experimental work of Warren et al.

PMID- 676707
TI  - Pseudochondromalacia patellae.
AB  - A condition causing knee pain with retropatellar crepitus similar to
      chondromalacia patellae is described. The symptoms seem to be due not to
      chondromalacia of the patella, but to a local synovial thickening proximal to the
      articular surface of the medial femoral condyle. Thirteen patients, aged 10 to 21
      years, were operated upon because of this condition, three of them bilaterally.
      In most of them the changed synovial membrane was excised. The operation in
      eleven of the knees was followed by considerable or complete relief. Of the
      remaining five knees, three were temporarily improved.

PMID- 676708
TI  - Asymmetry of plantar flexion strength in the foot.
AB  - A study of plantar flexion strength and calf circumference in 30 conscripts is
      submitted. It showed an asymmetry of strength amounting to 6--11 per cent (95 per
      cent confidence limits). The right leg was significantly stronger than the left,
      but there was no difference in strength between the dominant and non-dominant
      leg. There was little correlation between circumference and strength.

PMID- 676709
TI  - [Extra-articular fractures of the inferior quarter of the tibia].

PMID- 676710
TI  - [Isolated or associated Augustine's operation in the treatment of posterior
      instability of the knee].

PMID- 676711
TI  - [Arterial vascularization of the tarsal sinus (sinus tarsi)].

PMID- 676712
TI  - [Apropos of imperfections in Ender's nailing. Observations favoring precise
      technical methods of repositioning pertrochanteric fractures in the aged].

PMID- 676713
TI  - [Recurrent shoulder dislocation].

PMID- 676714
TI  - [Fracture of the head of the humeral diaphysis: Hackethal's method of casting
      together with fascicular insertion. Critical evaluation].

PMID- 676715
TI  - Pseudarthrosis of the long bones of the forearm. A clinical study of treatment.

PMID- 676716
TI  - [Lesions caused by compression of the terminal motor branch of the radial nerve].

PMID- 676717
TI  - A method for the treatment of rim fractures of the tibial condyle. Description of
      a new surgical technique and a new fracture fixation device.

PMID- 676718
TI  - [Computerized axial tomography: definition, principles, normal radio-anotomical
      aspects].

PMID- 676719
TI  - [Importance of computerized axial tomography and of computerized dosimetry in the
      treatment of tumors of the facial structures].

PMID- 676720
TI  - [Radiologic studies in sinus diseases. Conclusion].

PMID- 676721
TI  - [Vestibular endings on the motor neurons of the common oculomotor nucleus (III).
      Radioautographic identification].

PMID- 676722
TI  - [Ascending labyrinthine projections at the thalamo-cortical level].

PMID- 676723
TI  - [Importance of computerized axial tomography in the detection of malignant tumors
      of the facial sinuses].

PMID- 676724
TI  - [What can ENT expect from the radiologist in sinus studies?].

PMID- 676725
TI  - How to approach the child suspected of malabsorption. Experience from a
      prospective investigation of suspected malabsorption in children 1968-1976 in
      Malmo.

PMID- 676726
TI  - Haematopoietic stem cells (CFUc) in human cord blood.
AB  - Colony forming units (CFUc) giving rise to myelocytic colonies in methylcellulose
      cultures were found among non-adherent mononuclear cells of human cord blood with
      a frequency of one in 1678. The number decreased makredly during the first 8 to
      10 days of life. They were rarely detected in adult blood by this technique.

PMID- 676727
TI  - Childhood cancer in Sweden, 1958-1974. I. Incidence and mortality.
AB  - All cases of tumours and tumour-like conditions in children 0-14 years reported
      to the Swedish cancer registry during the period 1958-74 have been studied. The
      material consists of 3797 individuals on file in this registry. The most common
      cancer diagnoses in children 0-14 years are leukemia and tumours of the central
      nervous system (together constituting approximately 58% of all cases). Almost
      half of the cancers affect children below five years of age. The lowest incidence
      occurs in the ages 7-8 years, and the highest occurs during the first year of
      life. The types of tumours below one year of age show a different distribution
      than in any other age groups. A significant increase in the incidence of
      childhood cancer occurred, while the mortality rates showed a slight decrease
      during the period studied. A remarkable increase in the incidence figures was
      noted concerning tumours of the nervous system, especially in boys. The decrease
      in the mortality rates was most obvious regarding Wilms' tumour, and leukemia in
      children 0-4 years of age.

PMID- 676728
TI  - Mannitol osmolar clearance in diabetes insipidus of children.
AB  - A modified technique of amnnitol-induced diuresis is described, in order to
      assess renal concentrating ability in infants and children. The infusion of 10%
      mannitol in 0.9% saline avoided the hypertonic saline overload and the fluid
      restriction period, both badly tolerated by infants and small children. In a
      control group of children aged from two months to seven years, the values of
      T(H2O) plotted against C(OSM) allowed to calculate the adjustment curve
      y=0.80x0.75, r=0.98 (p is less than 0.0001). In six patients with pituitary
      diabetes insipidus (PDI), the test was used in order to quantify the degree of
      ADH deficiency and evaluate the carbamazepine and clofibrate effect, in the renal
      concentrating mechanism. The test was tolerated perfectly in every case,
      obtaining qualitative and quantitative data and avoiding the hyponatremia and
      hypokalemia produced by the mannitol.

PMID- 676729
TI  - Frequency of psychotropic drug prescribing for children in Tampere, Finland.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to determine the frequency with which
      psychotropic drugs are prescribed for children under 10 years of age in
      outpatient care in Finland. This frequency was estimated from the reimbursements
      paid by the Social Insurance Office of Tampere City in 1974. Every third
      psychotropic drug prescribed for children born in 1965-74 was included. This
      resulted in 319 children with 375 psychotropic drug prescriptions. About 4% of
      children under 10 years old in the Tampere area had received within one years's
      time one or more psychotropic drugs in outpatient care. About half of the
      psychotropic drugs were prescribed by general practitioners. Sedatives were the
      most frequently prescribed drugs, especially in the younger are groups.
      Antidepressants and antiepileptics were common in the older age groups. The most
      commonly specified indications were fever and restlessness.

PMID- 676730
TI  - Growth, body weight and insulin requirement in diabetic children.
AB  - The weight and height development of 51 boys and 48 girls who had developed
      diabetes prior to the age of 15 years was followed for a minimum of 3 years, mean
      8.3 years, up to the age of 18 for the girls and 20 for the boys. In addition,
      the insulin requirements were recorded. Weight and height proved to be within the
      normal range, and height at onset of diabetes was normal. After a long duration
      of diabetes, however, there occurred a reduction of height increment of obout
      1/2cm/year. This reduction was greater in children who rarely attended as
      compared with those who frequently attended a sub-specialized clinic. The daily
      dose of insulin increased with age, the greatest increase coinciding with the
      growth spurt. During the first 4 years of diabetes the 24-hour dose/kg body
      weight increased, indicating a decreasing endogenous insulin production. Later it
      was constant at around 0.9 i.u./kg. Modern management of diabetic children leads
      to normal adult stature.

PMID- 676731
TI  - Vitamin E requirements of preterm infants.
AB  - Differences between feeding practices in earlier investigations prompted the
      present study of iron and vitamin E supplementation in breast milk fed preterm
      infants. A new and highly sensitive technique for quantitation of alpha
      tocopherol in serum was used. Studies on 34 infants with a birth weight below
      2000 g or gestational age less than or equal to 35 weeks showed that
      supplementation with 16.5 mg tocopheryl acetate/day from 10 days of age resulted
      in a significantly higher haemoglobin concentration and lower reticulocyte count
      at 8-10 weeks than supplementation with 1.5 mg/day (p is less than 0.05). Studies
      on 23 infants with a birth weight of 2000-2499 g revealed subnormal alpha
      tocopherol levels in 2 of the infants given 1.5 mg tocopheryl acetate/day but
      there was no effect on the haemoglobin concentration at 8-10 weeks. There were no
      untoward effects of an early iron supplementation with 2-3 mg Fe++ (as ferrous
      succinate)/kg/day. It is concluded that extra supplementation with vitamin E is
      advisable also in breast milk fed preterm infants. A low dosage iron
      supplementation from 3 weeks of age is safe.

PMID- 676732
TI  - Does overnutrition or obesity during the first year affect weight at age four?
AB  - 226 of 243 infants who took part in a prospective study of nutrition and weight
      during the first year of life were reviewed at age 4 years. 23 of 243 infants
      (9%) were obese on one or more controls the first year, and 4 of 226 (2%) at age
      4 years. Only 3 of 23 infants remained obese. The weight and length of the
      children obese at 0-1 year of age were significantly increased at age 4 years.
      Overnutrition occurred during the first year in 26 infants and the number of
      obese infants in this group was significantly increased at age 7-12 months and of
      overweight children during the first two years of life. At age 4, however, none
      of them were either obese or overweight.

PMID- 676733
TI  - On cerebral infarction in childhood and adolescence.
AB  - This report is based on a retrospective analysis of clinical and angiographic
      findings in 14 children and adolescents suffering from cerebral infarction. They
      were all examined during the acute stage and selective angiography was performed
      within a day or two of the stroke. Pathogenesis is discussed and focuses
      particularly on the occurrence of segmental arteritis from unknown (infectious?)
      aetiology.

PMID- 676734
TI  - Physical health of ten-year-old children. An epidemiological study of school
      children and a follow-up of previous health care.
AB  - At 10 years of age, all 223 children in a school district underwent a physical
      examination and a screening for vision and hearing defects within the school
      health services. The purpose of the study was to detect health problems of
      importance for the day-to-day functioning of the child. In 26.1% significant
      deviations were found. Physical disorders comprised 11.7% visual defects 11.7%
      and auditory impairment 2.7%. The vast majority of significant health problems
      were previously known and in only 4.4% of the 223 children newly detected, 0.9%
      by the physical examination, 2.7% by the vision screening and 0.9% by the
      auditory screening. The most frequent health problem of all was allergy in 13.5%,
      in 5.4% regarded as functionally important. Minor orthopaedic deviations and
      motor disturbances were common but not often considered to affect the functioning
      of the child significantly. As a whole, the children's health was very good and
      the outcome of the physical examination at this age was not impressive. It is
      evident that the physician's role in the school health system needs to be
      reconsidered.

PMID- 676735
TI  - Synovectomy as a prophylactic measure in recurrent haemophilic haemarthrosis.
      Follow-up of 23 cases.
AB  - Because of frequently recurring haemarthrosis which could not be controlled by
      conservative management 19 haemophiliacs were subjected to synovectomy on a total
      of 23 joints--17 knees, 5 elbows, and 1 hip. The patients were followed for an
      average of 23 months. Primary postoperative complications occurred, in the form
      of recurrent bleeding, in 8 joints. Rehabilitation was often difficult and long
      lasting, and the range of joint motion  was essentially restricted in 4 cases.
      After a follow-up period exceeding 6 months the findings in the remaining, mobile
      19 synovectomized joints were: 12 had been relieved of haemorrhage, 5 had rare
      and two frequent haemorrhages. The reduction in the number of haemorrhages was
      significant (p is less than 0.01). In the light of the complicated postoperative
      course it is concluded that synovectomy should be used only on strict
      indications, viz. only in otherwise intractable cases of progressing haemophilic
      arthropathy.

PMID- 676736
TI  - Clinical and immunological aspects of food allergy in childhood. II. Development
      of allergic symptoms and humoral immune response to foods in infants of atopic
      mothers during the first 24 months of life.

PMID- 676737
TI  - Effects of stabilizers in preparations of human serum albumin on the serum
      bilirubin in Gunn rats.

PMID- 676739
TI  - Kawasaki disease in Kuwait. A report of two cases.
AB  - Kawasaki disease was first reported in Japan in 1967. Since then, it has been
      reported from the United States, South Korea, Greece, Canada, Australia,
      Scandinavia and Scotland. Two cases of Kawasaki disease are presented from Kuwait
      and believed to be the first report of the disease from the Arab world.

PMID- 676738
TI  - Transient erythroblastopenia in childhood. A study of 15 cases.
AB  - A survey is presented of 15 patients from the Aurora Hospital and 35 patients
      reported in the literature with transient erythroblastopenia of childhood (TEC).
      The children were hospitalized because of pallor and tiredness, some of them
      having signs of mild infection. They displayed normochromic anaemia,
      reticulocytopenia and erythroblastopenia during the severe stage of the disease.
      In addition, they had moderately high values for serum iron and iron-binding
      saturation. No other haematological, chemical or cytogenetic abnormalities could
      be demonstrated. 80% of the children were between 6 and 48 months old and the
      sexes were equally affected. In the 15 patients from the Aurora Hospital a barely
      significant (p=0.02-0.05) association with blood group A was recorded. Remission,
      indicated by a rise in the reticulocyte count, begins within a week after the
      diagnosis is made, even without treatment. The aetiology of the disease is
      unknown. Analysis of the red blood cell population at the time of diagnosis
      indicates that damage to the red cell precursors has occurred 2-3 months before
      the child is brought for examination.

PMID- 676740
TI  - Malformation of the great vein of Galen with neonatal heart failure. Report of
      two cases.
AB  - The clinical and patholgoical findings in two neonates with the malformation of
      the great vein of Galen are given. They both reported with serious neonatal heart
      failure suggesting congenital heart disease. In one of them cardiac
      catheterization revealed a foetal pattern of circulation causing cyanosis. A
      bruit and in one of them a thrill over the skull gave the clinical diagnosis of
      an intracranial arteriovenous aneurysm. They died 48 and 144 hours after birth in
      spite of medical treatment. The outlook for patients having malformation of the
      great vein of Galen and suffering neonatal heart failure treated conservatively,
      seems hopeless.

PMID- 676741
TI  - The absence of factor II in a child with systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - This report describes a patient with active system lupus erythematosus (SLE), who
      developed haemorrhagic diathesis due to a lowering of plasma factor II activity.
      No evidence was found suggesting a plasma inhibitor of factor II. The present
      case indicates that in some patients with SLE, factor II activity may be low or
      completely absent due to impairment of factor II synthesis, further that
      prednisone, but not azathioprine, may ameliorate this defect.

PMID- 676742
TI  - Natural history of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. A follow-up study of a case
      with special reference to clinical, electroencephalographic and neuropathological
      findings.
AB  - A detailed comparison between the clinical and EEG findings is made in a case of
      a boy with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) who died at 15 years, 6.5 years
      after the beginning of the follow-up period. In the course of the disease, seven
      EEG recordings were made, showing a progressive diffuse slowing and
      disorganization with some improvement during short remissions. In relapses,
      diffuse slowing was associated with grave asymmetries in the EEG which, however,
      fluctuated and later disappeared without accompanying clinical or
      neuroradiological abnormalities. An abundancy of different residual findings,
      however, remained in the EEG after relapses. There were spike-and-wave paroxysms
      in every record except at the terminal stage. A stepwise slowing and
      disorganization was also seen in these paroxysms as background activity. The
      final cause of death was an intraventricular haemorrhage. No cerebral amyloidosis
      was found at autopsy. In conclusion, it is suggested that JRA is also a brain
      disease manifested as a cerebral vasculitis.

PMID- 676743
TI  - Pathological study on amyloidosis--relationship of amyloid deposits in the aorta
      to aging.
AB  - Senile aortic amyloidosis in 224 autopsy cases over 40 years was investigated
      comparing cardiac and pancreatic amyloidosis in them. A total of 176 cases of
      aortic amyloidosis was found for an average incidence of 79%. Under the 5th
      decade the incidence was 51% and it rose sharply with age and reached 95% in over
      the 8th decade. The incidence of cardiac amyloidosis also increased with age, but
      it was always higher in the aorta. Aortic and cardiac amyloid were both positive
      in the DMAB method for tryptophan. The major part exposed to amyloidosis in the
      aorta was the media. The medial amyloid consisted of numerous minute deposits and
      had no relation to atherosclerosis. Some comments about the pathogenesis of
      senile amyloidosis were also mentioned.

PMID- 676744
TI  - Mechanism of the formation of megamitochondria by copper-chelating agents. IV.
      Role of fusion phenomenon in the cuprizone-induced megamitochondrial formation.
AB  - Megamitochondria were induced within 36-40 hours in mouse hepatocytes by
      injecting cuprizone into the peritoneal cavity. Induction of megamitochondria was
      dependent upon the amount and the time intervals of the injection of cuprizone:
      200 mg of cuprizone/kg of body weight-injected every 12 hours or 400 mg of
      cuprizone/kg of body weight-injected every 24 hours. When the latter amount of
      the noxious reagent was administered to the animal every 12 hours, fatty changes
      of the liver was observed. Involvement of the fusion phenomenon in the mechanism
      of megamitochondrial formation is discussed in the light of turnover rates for
      various components of the mitochondrion.

PMID- 676745
TI  - A study on the melanin-laden dendritic cell (melanocyte) in ovarian cystic
      teratoma.
AB  - To confirm the existence and to analyse the distribution of the melanocyte in
      cystic teratoma of the ovary, 51 cases were collected, among which 47 were found
      suitable for gross and histological examinations. The tissue components of cystic
      teratoma where the melanocyte was seen more or less associating were; the
      squamous, cuboidal and columnar cell epithelia especially the epidermal
      epithelium, the brain tissue principally the leptomeninx, and the interstitium.
      The frequency of melanocytes' association in the respective tissue was shown and
      compared between each other. One thing which was quite interesting for us was the
      relationship between the existence of brain tissue and the development of
      melanocyte in cystic teratoma. The melanocyte appeared in the above tissues,
      especially the interstitium, of cystic teratoma more frequently when the brain
      tissue was coexisting in the same tumor. These findings seem to be of meaningful
      suggestions concerning the melanocytogenesis not only of cystic teratoma of the
      ovary, but also in a physiological condition in man.

PMID- 676747
TI  - A pathological study of dissecting aneurysm in individuals under forty years of
      age including a case of a 13 years old boy.
AB  - The author has investigated grossly and microscopically 12 cases (5 males and 7
      females) of dissecting aneurysm in individuals under 40 years of age, autopsied
      during the last 6 years at the Tokyo-to Medical Examiner Office. They composed of
      6 cases of Marfan's syndrome, 3 cases of obesity, and one case each of pregnancy,
      aortitis syndrome, and male pseudohermaphroditism, respectively. The 6 cases
      other than Marfan's syndrome were also thought to belong to the Marfan group from
      the gross and microscopic examinations of the aorta. As to the cases of
      dissecting bleeding of the aorta, Erdheim's idiopathic cystic medial necrosis was
      as a rule authentical up to date, but the author has never observed the bleeding
      within the cysts which were said to be formed due to accumulation of
      metachromatic ground substance. On the contrary, the medial bleeding occurred
      always in the weakened area in where the elastic fibers were disrupted and
      disappeared accompanying with the diminution of metachromatic substance. The
      author assumed that the diminution of metachromatic substance might be the most
      important etiologic factor of dissecting bleeding of the media and the extension
      of dissection might occur along such weakened foci of the media.

PMID- 676746
TI  - Function of phagocytosis and intracellular killing of peripheral neutrophils in
      Kawasaki disease.
AB  - NBT (Nitroblue Tetrazolium) test was performed in 17 patients with Kawasaki
      disease to examine the function of phagocytosis and intra-cellular killing of
      neutrophils. The value was high compared to other pediatric patients. Activation
      with Proteus OX-2 antigen before NBF test showed a significant higher level than
      other proteus antigens, which correspond in serum level. With previous
      electronmicroscopic observation of rickettsia-like body in biopsy specimen, these
      findings suggest the existence of an agent in Kawasaki disease which shares
      antigenicity with Proteus OX-2.

PMID- 676748
TI  - The effect caused by the double condition of potassium loading and simultaneous
      sodium restriction on the glomerular zone of rats. Histochemical and
      ultrastructural study.
AB  - The effect caused by the double condition of potassium loading (K loading) and
      simultaneous sodium restriction (Na restriction) on the glomerular zone of rats
      is reported. After 2-week-diet of K loading and simultaneous Na restriction an
      increase of width of glomerular zone and decreases and micronization of fat
      granules were seen. Enzymic activity (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, steroid
      3beta-ol-dehydrogenase) was increased. After 3-week-diet of the same condition
      the width of glomerular zone became 1/4 to 1/5 of the whole cortex. The cells in
      the glomerular zone demonstrated a trabecular arrangement. Ultrastructurally,
      hypertrophy of cells became marked and the size of cell was about 1.5 times that
      of normal cells. Dense body increased in number and became irregular in shape. In
      the widened cytoplasm, smooth endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus were well
      developed with numerous coated vesicles. Changes of mitochondria such as increase
      in number, transformation into round shape and vesicular cristae were
      characteristic. The severity of these changes was proportional to the duration of
      K loading and simultaneous Na restriction. After 8-week-diet the increase of
      large-sized lipid vacuole and dense body, and intramitochondrial deposition were
      observed in parallel with the above-mentioned changes. The changes observed in
      this study appeared earlier and stronger than those in the single-conditioned
      group of only K loading or Na restriction. The cause of these changes were
      considered to be a result of accelerated function of the glomerular cells.

PMID- 676749
TI  - Thromboplastic and fibrinolytic activities of V2 and V7 carcinomas of rabbit,
      with special reference to fibrin deposition and thrombus formation in the tumors.
AB  - Thromboplastic and fibrinolytic activities of V2 and V7 carcinomas, the two
      transplantable rabbit tumors of the same viral origin, were studied in relation
      to fibrin deposition and thrombus formation in the tumors. Thromboplastic
      activity of V7 carcinoma was comparatively high, while that of V2 carcinoma was
      as low as that of muscle tissue. More fibrin deposits in the stroma and more
      thrombi in the small vessels were found at the advancing border of V7 carcinoma
      than that of V2 carcinoma. These differences might be associated with higher
      thromboplastic activity of V7 carcinoma than that of V2 carcinoma. Fibrinolytic
      activity of both tumors was high and it was confirmed to be localized in the
      tumor cells by Todd's method. Fibrin deposits in the stroma were found more
      abundantly somewhat apart from the advancing border of the tumor nests of both
      tumors. It was suggested that plasmin activated by plasminogen activator released
      locally from the tumor cells might digest fibrin deposited in the stroma just
      close to the tumor nests.

PMID- 676750
TI  - A family of Gardner's syndrome with report of an autopsy case.
AB  - A family with Gardner's syndrome including one autopsy case is reported. A 22
      year-old man had multiple polyposis of the colon and the small intestine,
      epidermal cysts, soft part tumor of the abdominal skin and osteomas in the
      calvarium and rib, and died of a carcinoma in the transverse colon and embolism
      of the brain. Histologically, all polyps were diagnosed as adenomatous polyp. The
      greater their diameter, the higher the tendency of atypism was observed. However,
      the polyps around the cancer were few, small, and with low atypism, and we could
      not obtain evidence showing direct transformation of adenomatous polyps into
      carcinoma. His two elder brothers had multiple polyposis of the colon, epidermal
      cysts and osteomas in the calvarium or mandibular bone, but are still alive.

PMID- 676751
TI  - Idiopathic pulmonary ceroidosis.
AB  - An autopsy case of diffuse pulmonary ceroidosis was presented in a 55 year-old
      man who had died suddenly. Autopsy, revealed noteworthy findings only in the
      lungs. Light microscopically, brown pigmented cells were proved to diffusely
      proliferate in the pulmonary tissue, particularly in the alveolar spaces.
      Histochemically, intracytoplasmic accumulation of ceroid-like pigment was
      confirmed in the majority of the pigmented storage cells. Hemosiderin-laden cells
      were less frequent or rare. Ultrastructurally, numerous osmiophilic inclusions
      delimited by a single membrane were present in the cytoplasm of the storage
      cells. No evidences of any basic disorders to induce such a pulmonary ceroidosis
      were detected at autopsy. From these findings, this case should be called
      "idiopathic pulmonary ceroidosis". In reviewing the literature, such a peculiar
      pulmonary disorder has never been recorded to date. Pathological distinction of
      this disorder from various pulmonary hemosideroses was discussed.

PMID- 676752
TI  - Median rhomboid glossitis associated with amyloid deposition.
AB  - There are some controversies over the pathogenesis and clinical features of
      median rhomboid glossitis. A case of median rhomboid glossitis associated with
      amyloid deposition was presented. Clinically there was no organ involved in
      amyloid other than the tongue. It was suspected that median rhomboid glossitis
      occurred first and that amyloid was induced later.

PMID- 676753
TI  - Glomerular lesions in multiple myeloma.
AB  - An autopsy case of multiple myeloma (IgG, lambda type), clinically characterized
      by decreased glomerular filtration rate, is reported with particular emphasis on
      changes in the glomeruli of kidneys. Histologically, the glomeruli revealed
      slight increase in mesangial matrix and focal thickening of tuft capillary wall.
      Electron-microscopically, deposits were observed in a subendothelial location in
      the glomerular capillary walls, and inclusions were noted in the cytoplasm of the
      visceral epithelial cells. Histoimmunofluorescent study of the kidney
      demonstrated intense focal and slight diffuse positivity against labelled
      antisera of anti-IgG and anti-lambda type of light chain on the capillary wall of
      the glomerular tufts. Other immunoglobulins were not demonstrable in capillary
      walls. These findings represent the intraglomerular deposition of paraprotein of
      multiple myeloma without amyloidosis.

PMID- 676754
TI  - Hughes-Stovin syndrome. Report of a female autopsy case and review of the
      literature.
AB  - A 37-year-old female with multiple pulmonary aneurysms, thrombotic obstruction of
      the inferior vena cava and mural thrombosis in the right heart was reported.
      Arterial blood culture repeatedly examined had been negative. The patient died of
      massive hemoptysis. This case was equivalent to Hughes-Stovin syndrome and was
      the first female case of typical Hughes-Stovin synrome. Review of the literature
      revealed 9 typical cases of this syndrome and 5 atypical cases who had solitary
      intrapulmonary aneurysm. It was obscure whether the typical cases were
      essentially different from the atypical ones or not, but the cases with solitary
      pulmonary aneurysm might proceed to the cases with multiple ones, as shown in
      this case. Pathogenesis of the syndrome has been controversial. In the present
      case, development of pulmonary aneurysms seemed to be closely related to
      thromboembolization derived from venous thrombosis due to artificial abortion.

PMID- 676755
TI  - An allenic oxotremorine analogue.

PMID- 676756
TI  - The influence of micellar concentrations of polysorbate 20 on the in vivo
      absorption of some substituted benzoic acids.

PMID- 676757
TI  - Alkaloids of Pachycereus pecten-aboriginum, a Mexican cactus of
      ethnopharmacologic interest.

PMID- 676758
TI  - Water-soluble acids from Equisetum arvense L.

PMID- 676759
TI  - Identification and quantitative determination of meconic acid by differential
      pulse polarography.

PMID- 676760
TI  - Synthesis of sulfate and glucuronide conjugates of methaqualone metabolites.

PMID- 676761
TI  - Inhibitors of neuronal monoamine uptake. I. Selective inhibition of 5
      hydroxytryptamine uptake by alpha-aminoacid amides of phenethylamines.

PMID- 676762
TI  - Synthesis of new 2-alkylmercapto-1,4-naphthoquinones as antimetabolites of
      coenzyme Q and as antitumor agents.

PMID- 676763
TI  - Effects of sodium salicylate on plasma insulin concentration and fatty acid
      turnover in dogs.
AB  - The effects of intravenous sodium salicylate administration on plasma
      concentrations of insulin, free fatty acids (FFA) and glucose were studied in
      intact, anaesthetized dogs both during basal and isoprenaline stimulated
      lipolysis. In both situations sodium salicylate reduced the plasma concentrations
      of insulin. The reduction was associated with decreased plasma FFA concentrations
      and FFA turnover rate, while plasma glucose concentrations remained unaltered.
      The reduced plasma insulin concentrations effected by sodium salicylate is most
      likely secondary to the concomitant fall in plasma FFA concentrations due to
      inhibition of FFA mobilization from adipose tissue.

PMID- 676764
TI  - Regional changes in structural and functional integrity of myometrial adrenergic
      nerves in pregnant guinea-pig, and their relationship to the localization of the
      conceptus.
AB  - Pregnancy is accompanied by a reduction in uterine noradrenaline, and the study
      was undertaken to investigate associated structural and functional integrity of
      the sympathetic nerves in the organ. The formaldehyde-induced fluorescence of
      adrenergic nerves was studied in different uterine regions before and after in
      vitro incubation or injection with alpha-methyl-noradrenaline in pregnant and
      puerperal guinea-pig uterus at 6 time periods, from early pregnancy (about 20
      days post coitum) to 3 months post partum. The changes were related to the
      position of the fetuses, which were often present in only one of the two uterine
      horns. There was a drastic loss of fluorescent adrenergic nerves in myometrial
      tissue from horns distended by fetuses. Attempts to restore this fluorescence by
      incubation or injection with alpha-methyl-noradrenaline were essentially
      ineffective. Tissues from uterine regions outside (and not distended by) fetuses
      (in the case of early pregnancy), from horns devoid of fetuses (in the case of
      unilateral pregnancy), and from the cervix also lost their noradrenaline
      fluorescent nerves, but this occurred at a much later stage of pregnancy. After
      treatment with alpha-methyl-noradrenaline, a fluorescent plexus of sympathetic
      nerves could be restored to a considerable extent in these latter tissues. In
      puerperal animals the horn that had been devoid of fetuses regained its
      endogenous fluorescence much faster, and the uptake of alpha-methyl-noradrenaline
      was more efficient, than in the horn which had contained fetuses. In this latter
      horn clear signs of restoration of endogenous adrenergic fluorescence and a clear
      uptake capacity was not found until 3 months after delivery. In the tubal end of
      the uterus, the reduction in the number of fluorescent nerves was only
      insignificant, and the region thus clearly differed from the rest of the uterus.
      It is concluded that (1) there are clear regional differences with regard to the
      disappearance of the noradrenaline transmitter in the uterus, (2) this
      disappearance in early pregnancy is related to the position of the conceptus, and
      (3) the changes involve de- and regenerative phenomena as well as alterations in
      transmitter levels of intact neurons.

PMID- 676765
TI  - The postnatal development of the inferior oblique muscle of the cat. I. Isometric
      twitch and tetanic properties.
AB  - The postnatal development of the inferior oblique muscle in the cat has been
      studied with physiological and histochemical techniques. This paper describes the
      changes with age in isometric twitch and tetanic response characteristics. The
      twitch amplitude increased and the twitch contraction time (ct) and half
      relaxation time (hrt) decreased almost linearly from birth to adulthood. The
      relation between the strength of nerve stimulation and twitch ct and hrt changed
      during development with a threshold slow response appearing at 10 weeks. Twitch
      responses in cats 6 weeks of age or older were of longer duration than in younger
      cats, in spite of the longer ct and hrt in young cats. Fusion frequency of the
      tetanic response reached a constant level in muscles 6 weeks or older. The
      maximum rate of tension rise remained the same from birth to 6 weeks of age and
      later increased markedly up to 20 weeks of age. The contracture induced by
      succinylcholine was the same in muscles of all ages. These data were related to
      previous findings on the postnatal development of fast and slow muscles and motor
      units in the hindlimb of the cat. A differentiation of the development of fast
      and slow eye muscle fibers is suggested. Slow fibres seemed to have completed
      their maturation at about ten weeks of age, while the development of fast fibre
      properties continued, probably up to the adult stage.

PMID- 676766
TI  - The postnatal development of the inferior oblique muscle of the cat. II. Effects
      of repetitive stimulation on isometric tension responses.
AB  - The changes with postnatal age in post-tetanic potentiation (PTP) and fatigue of
      the inferior oblique muscle have been studied in the cat. PTP of the twitch
      amplitude increased steadily with age up to 20 weeks after birth. Twitch
      contraction time (ct) and half relaxation time (hrt) was not significantly
      changed. The potentiation of the tetanic response also became more prominent with
      age. The young muscles (10 weeks and below) were slightly more susceptible to
      fatigue than older muscles, but recovery was rapid in muscles of all ages.
      Intensive stimulation induced post-tetanic depression of twitch responses in
      muscles older than 1 week, but none in the muscles of new-born cats. Ct and hrt
      were greatly prolonged in muscles above six weeks of age. In these muscles, but
      never in the very youngest, repetitive firing could be observed in response to
      post-tetanic single nerve stimulation. The results are compared with those
      obtained in similar experiments on hind-limb muscles by other workers. They
      further support the idea, raised in a previous paper, that slow eye muscle fibres
      develop quicker and reach maturity earlier than fast fibres.

PMID- 676767
TI  - Pharmacological properties of curare-sensitive receptors mediating post-tetanic
      potentiation in rat masseter muscle.
AB  - Post-tetanic potentiation (PTP) of single muscle twitches after "tetanic"
      stimulation at 1 to 20 Hz in rat masseter muscle has been studied. PTP was
      inhibited by d-tubocurarine (2--6 microgram/kg), hexamethonium (1.75--2.25
      mg/kg), succinylcholine (5--7 microgram/kg), prostigmin (1.0--1.5 microgram/kg),
      lidocain (3--4 mg/kg) and ouabain (215--240 microgram/kg). The doses did not
      affect the control twitches. Prostigmin could not reverse the blocking effect on
      the PTP caused by these drugs. Atropin was without any effect on the PTP. The
      nicotinic receptors mediating PTP differ from both end-plate and ganglionic
      receptors since drugs blocking both types of receptors are effective. The
      sensitivity to the blocking agents is higher or the same (in the case of
      hexamethonium) as for the two other types of nicotinic receptors. Thus the PTP is
      dependent on activity of a "nicotinic" receptor active during physiological
      conditions, suggesting the presence of an additional mechanism for neuromuscular
      transmission in rat twitch fibres.

PMID- 676768
TI  - Maintenance of lactose secretion during acute insulin deficiency in lactating
      goats.
AB  - Induction of alloxan diabetes in 5 lactating goats resulted in reduced milk
      yields in 3 of the animals, while the yield was unchanged in two. After treatment
      of the diabetic goats with insulin for 4--5 days--the last 24 h intravenously-
      lactose secretion returned to the control values before alloxan administration
      provided that normoglycemia developed. In 2 experiments infusion of a large dose
      of insulin caused hypoglycemia and a 20--30 per cent reduction in lactose
      secretion rates. In the course of 1 h after withdrawal of the insulin infusion,
      patent signs of insulin deficiency developed as evidenced by steadily increasing
      plasma glucose concentrations. Nevertheless, lactose secretion continued at the
      same rate as during insulin infusion for the 4 h studied after discontinuation of
      the insulin infusion. In the goats where lactose secretion was reduced due to
      insulin-induced hypoglycemia, lactose secretion returned to control values when
      following discontinuation of insulin infusion the plasma glucose concentrations
      increased into normal and diabetic ranges. It is concluded that during insulin
      deficiency of short term duration, mammary lactose secretion was maintained at a
      normal rate. Since lactose is the major product of mammary glucose utilization,
      it is suggested that glucose uptake in the mammary gland was not reduced by short
      term insulin deficiency.

PMID- 676769
TI  - Morphology and contraction properties of cat lumbar back muscles.
AB  - The gross morphology, innervation pattern and contraction properties of lumbar
      back muscles in the cat were investigated. The medially located multifidi and
      interspinales are formed by short bundles interconnecting adjacent vertebrae.
      Laterally located bundles composing longissimus and iliocostalis are attached to
      the spinous processes by a fascial layer and to the pelvic bone by a well
      developed intermuscular septum. Different spinal segments innervate the various
      sections along the muscles in such a way that the myotomes composing a muscle
      belly seem to be arranged after one another, in a row. The contraction time of a
      maximal isometric twitch is 34 ms for multifidi and interspinales and 29 ms for
      longissimus and iliocostalis. No large segmental variations of contraction times
      were found. The time course of twitch responses and a study of reflex
      contractions in middle and lower sections of lateral muscles indicate the
      presence also of a slowly contracting portion located to the longissimus. The
      initial muscle length is more decisive for the twitch amplitude of medial than of
      lateral muscles. In medial muscles summation of individual twitches starts at a
      stimulus frequency of 10--15 Hz and apparent fusion occurs at about 50 Hz. For
      lateral muscles corresponding values are 15--20 Hz and about 70 Hz. The
      contractile tension declines markedly in all muscles during a 10 min period of
      stimulation at 5 Hz.

PMID- 676770
TI  - Cognitive processes and cognitive progresses as didactic tools in psychiatry.
AB  - The authors expose the characteristics of two methods about the teaching and the
      learning of Psychiatry. Hermeneutic method is based on the model: "this want to
      say that". It gives rise to rapid and diffused learning which are rarely
      personalized and it attributes activity to the teacher and passivity to the
      pupil. "Conjectural" method is based on the model: "this is one of the aspects of
      a polymer of significances that we may point out as probable conjecture and not
      as truth". It produces learning less rapid, less diffused but more personal. It
      attributes activity and passivity as to the teacher as to the pupil. The first
      method tends to provoke pathological dependence as proselitism and/or contest so
      the pupil difficulty may assume the heritage of the teacher by having idealized
      or killed him. The second method tends to form self-governing pupils able to
      break away from the teacher after having learned from him new knowledges which
      they use in a personal way.

PMID- 676771
TI  - Pseudocyesis.
AB  - The psychiatric literature on pseudocyesis (false pregnancy) is reviewed and four
      new cases are described and discussed. The psychopathological significance of
      insecurity feelings is discussed and it is formulated that an insecurity-produced
      non-conscious motive aiming at an important benefit contributes to the strong
      wish for a child shared by all four patients with pseudocyesis. Attention is
      drawn to the fact that the condition may relapse as shown in one case, or
      precipitate a severe depressive illness as demonstrated in another. It is
      emphasized that prompt diagnosis, full support and responsible and tactful
      handling are essential in dealing with a condition as delicate as pseudocyesis.
      The need for close cooperation between gynaecologist, psychiatrist and
      psychiatric social worker is stressed.

PMID- 676772
TI  - Female virgin and nonvirgin psychological orientations toward premarital
      virginity.
AB  - Literature on premarital heterosexual intercourse suggest increases in its
      incidence, frequency and acceptance among college-aged youth. Simultaneously, the
      studies suggest a decline in female premarital virginity. The present study was
      conducted to determine perceived psychological orientations toward premarital
      virginity of female virgins and nonvirgins. It examined the possibility of
      different orientations for different virgin or nonvirgin classifications and
      motivations. Results suggested significant differences between female virgins and
      nonvirgins among ten psychological orientation criteria.

PMID- 676773
TI  - Psychotherapy of the family as a measure for preventing relapses and improving
      the prognosis in schizophrenic patients.
AB  - The increasing interest in the relationship among psychoanalysis, linguistics and
      higher nervous activity (neurodynamic) is recalled. As most of the works on the
      therapy of the family have been based upon psychodynamic interpretations, the
      authors shall try to speculate on how much room this field should be given in the
      phenomena related to higher nervous activity. The study of Pavlov, Gantt and
      others on biological and social factors influencing human behaviour have been
      discussed in relation to the system represented by the family nucleus. Some
      aspects have been taken in consideration like the double bind, the perverse
      triangle and the formation of a scapegoat. Double bind theory and praxis is
      representing a paradoxical situation similar to unavoidable conditioned patterns.
      The behaviour of the "designed patient" may be interpreted as a tentative escape
      to express his disagreement to the fixed situation. What happens is a kind of
      abnormal conditioning which is realized through a progressive stratification of
      discordant learning. The final result is the disorganisation of cognitive
      processes. In the meantime, we observe a discordance of the activity of the first
      and the second signaling system because, very often, an apparent external calm is
      accompanied by intense cardiovascular or visceral turmoil. Every kind of
      communication should take care of both processes, the congnitive and the
      neurodynamic. The analysis of the verbal, as well as the non-verbal communication
      in the family setting, may be fruitfully based upon the study of the progressive
      significance of the cognitive-emotional dissyntony, as well as the dissyntony
      between the 1st and the 2nd S.S., and the transactional dissyntony implicit in
      the double bind. A group of 25 families of schizophrenics followed by one up to
      five years has been examined following the concepts above mentioned.

PMID- 676774
TI  - [Psychodramatic group and game. A psychoanalytical perspective (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The author presents a psychoanalytical perspective on psychodrama as a passage
      from alienation to desire, the cure and relational modifications acting as
      supplementary benefit. The psychodramatic project is explained in four summarized
      directions: 1. the subject's assumption of his history in a process of
      symbolization through language, and this through game and group; 2. the
      renunciation to the master of language and the recognition of desire as unknown
      and nonsense; 3. the renunciation to alienating identifications and imaginary
      questing; 4. the obstacle of the other's desire and the recognition of its radial
      and separate identity.

PMID- 676775
TI  - Review of the acute admissions of 442 foreign born in closed psychiatric wards
      (Antwerp, 1967-1975). Comparison to native borns for age, sex, descent and
      diagnosis.
AB  - After reviewing the literature on transcultural psychiatry, the admissions in the
      closed service of the Hospital Stuyvenberg in Antwerpen were analysed for 1967
      1975. Immigrants were compared with other nationals, for age, sex and psychiatric
      diagnosis, with regard to patients born in Belgium. For the foreigners,
      statistical evaluation was done for age, sex, civil status, land of origin, and
      jewish religion. Interesting results were obtained for paranoid syndromes in
      patients originating from Eastern Europe and in menopaused women.

PMID- 676776
TI  - [Psychological links and coronary diseases. I. Physiological correlations of
      certain psychological variables (author's transl)].
AB  - Twenty-one infarct patients were compared with 21 normal subjects regarding
      several hemodynamic, lipidic and neuroendocrine variables, in various stress
      situations and at rest. Correlations were tabulated between those bioclinical
      measurements and various personality patterns drawn from the MMPI. This study
      shows that the physiological reactions to stress vary in subjects with
      psychological cardiovascular risk factors as compared to subjects without
      psychological risk factors. The bearers of psychological risk factors show a
      higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure, a specific lipids pattern and a
      lower rate of platelets. In summary, psychological risk factors link with
      physiological reactions to stress which appear to be by themselves cardiovascular
      risk factors.

PMID- 676778
TI  - [Validation of a psychological questionnaire to differentiate subjects with
      propensities for hypertension, tachycardia or angor from normal subjects
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The present work allows us to draw a psychological profile of patients suffering
      from hypertension, tachycardia and angina pectoris. It confirms the fact that
      patients affected by cardiovascular symptoms are not relevant to one and the same
      structure of personality. It lays stress on the necessity to differentiate the
      studied symptoms and to homogenize the cardiovascular samples.

PMID- 676777
TI  - [Homogeneity of defence mechanisms in a group of infarct patients and impact of
      these defences on the expression of their emotions (author's transl)].
AB  - This study made use of the EMO-Questionnaire of Baehr and Baehr and the DMI of
      gleser and Ihilevich. The first purpose of this study is to evaluate the
      homogeneity of a group of infarct patients as to what the defence mechanisms are
      concerned. The wards statistical procedure showed the group was composed of two
      subgroups amounting respectively 66% (group I) and 34% (group II) of the
      subjects. The discriminant function analysis reveals how much the two groups are
      differentiated but coherent. The subjects of group I use predominately
      intellectualization and denegation; they use moderately turning against self and
      projection; they use rarely turning against object. The subjects of group II make
      moderately use of all these defence mechanisms. The second purpose is to precise
      in which measure the way of expression of affects is related to the defence
      mechanisms. The U-test of Mann Whitney reveals lower scores among the subjects of
      group I as compared to those of group II, in aggressiveness, anxiety, inferiority
      feelings, somatisation, fantasy productions and withdrawal.

PMID- 676779
TI  - Mortality in the long-stay population of all Dutch mental hospitals.
AB  - A study of 1,506 deaths reported over a period of 2 years to the National
      Psychiatric Case Register of the Netherlands, on the total cohort of 17,211 long
      stay patients counted on prevalence day (31 December 1969), showed very much
      higher death-rates than in the general population. Malignancy and cardiac disease
      were not so common, while respiratory disease was still common in inpatients.

PMID- 676780
TI  - Electrodermal and heart-rate measurements in chronic and partially remitted
      schizophrenic patients.
AB  - Electrodermal activity and heart-rate were recorded in the laboratory from
      partially remitted schizophrenic patients living in the community, chronic
      schizophrenic inpatients and normal controls. Althoug all patients had faster
      heart-rates, no consistent electrodermal differences between patient groups and
      normals were evident, nor was there a bimodal distribution of responding within
      the patient group. Laboratory recordings did not reflect differences in community
      patients tested in their homes and associated with environmental and social
      factors. This emphasized the limitations of laboratory testing in investigating a
      disorder such as schizophrenia whose course may be markedly influenced by
      environmental and social factors.

PMID- 676781
TI  - Obsessive-compulsive neurosis, anancastic symptomatology and ABO blood types.
AB  - Determinations of ABO blood types was carried out in 38 patients with obsessive
      compulsive neurosis, 48 schizophrenics with anancastic symptomatology, 31
      depressives with anancastic symptomatology, 260 schizophrenics free of anancastic
      symptomatology and 65 depressives free of anancastic symptomatology. Results were
      compared with a representative sample of the general population. The findings of
      the present study provide evidence of an association between obsessive-compulsive
      neurosis and phenotype A, whilst a similar association between ABO blood types
      and anancastic symptomatology occurring in the course of psychotic disorders was
      not found. The significance of these findings is discussed with regard to current
      diagnostic and aetiological issues in obsessive-compulsive neurosis.

PMID- 676782
TI  - Acute confabulatory psychosis: a rare form of unipolar mania?
AB  - Emil Kraepelin's paper on false memories (Erinnerungsfalschungen) was probably
      the most extensive and incisive analysis of these phenomena ever made. Using his
      views as a starting point, the concept of confabulation is then defined in a
      Kraepelin-oriented manner, making it also applicable to the phantastic false
      memories found in some rarer forms of functional psychotic illness. Kraepelin and
      Leonhard have been preeminent in their concern with such clinical states; thus,
      Leonhard's confabulatory euphoria and confabulatory paraphrenia can be
      symptomatically and syndromally linked up with points of view on paranoid mania
      and confabulatory paraphrenia held by Kraepelin. An "ideally typical" case is
      also presented to highlight some of the difficulties involved in trying to
      distinguish mania from schizophrenia when the clinical picture is dominated by
      phantastic "functional" confabulations.

PMID- 676783
TI  - Effects of concurrent verbal rehearsal and temporal set upon judgments of
      temporal duration.

PMID- 676784
TI  - A suppressing effect of response selection on immediate arousal in a choice
      reaction task.

PMID- 676786
TI  - Effects of UCS intensity and postpeak acquisition trials on classical
      conditioning of the SCR.

PMID- 676785
TI  - Global attributes in visual word recognition: contour perception of three-letter
      strings.

PMID- 676787
TI  - Effects of steroid hormones on the binding of ioglycamide (bilivistan) to human
      blood serum.
AB  - The binding relationships between ioglycamide and steroid hormones were
      determined in a liquid two-phase system with labelled ioglycamide and by direct
      measurement of ultraviolet light absorption. It was found that an interaction
      between ioglycamide and steroid hormones, particularly progesterone, existed,
      relative to the binding to human serum protein.

PMID- 676788
TI  - Selective phlebography in carcinoma of the pancreas.
AB  - Eighteen patients with obstructive jaundice were examined by pancreatic
      phlebography. In 15 cases the final diagnosis was carcinoma of the pancreas, in 3
      cholangiocarcinoma. The normal phlebographic anatomy and the morphologic
      abnormalities in patients with carcinoma of the pancreas are described. The
      accuracy of pancreatic phlebography in the diagnosis of carcinoma of the pancreas
      and cholangiocarcinoma is evaluated.

PMID- 676789
TI  - Evaluation of solitary renal cystic lesions.
AB  - The diagnostic approach in cases of expanding renal lesions is reviewed on the
      basis of 106 patients with cystic lesions. Differential diagnostic aspects of
      cysts, tumor masses and cystic tumors are given. Ultrasound examination is
      considered to reduce the need of nephroangiography otherwise required. The value
      of nephroangiography with angiotensin in equivocal cases is emphasized.

PMID- 676790
TI  - Angiotensin effect in the human kidney.
AB  - The renal effect of angiotensin has been recorded in patients by determination of
      variations in the length of the kidney and by selective injection of contrast
      medium into the renal artery with special angiographic techniques. The
      experiments demonstrate the rapid onset of the angiotensin effect on the renal
      vessels. The effect on kidney length was considerably prolonged compared with the
      vascular effect.

PMID- 676791
TI  - Malignant thymoma with renal metastases. Report of a case.
AB  - A patient with metastasizing thymoma is presented. This case, as well as 31
      previously reported cases in the literature, demonstrate that thymoma may give
      distant metastases and that the behavior of the tumors cannot be predicted on
      histologic grounds. The case reported here is the first case where angiography
      was performed.

PMID- 676792
TI  - Ileocecal abnormalities in appendiceal abscess.
AB  - The radiologic findings were reviewed in 16 patients with surgically proven
      appendiceal abscesses. The indirect indication of abscess comprised displacement
      of the cecum or small bowel, deformation of the cecum and filling defects or non
      filling of the appendix. One or more of these abnormalities were observed in all
      the patients. In addition a fistula and a cavity were filled in 2 patients.

PMID- 676793
TI  - Effect of somatostatin on intestinal motility.
AB  - The effect of somatostatin on intestinal motility has been investigated. The
      demonstrated inhibition of the motility has proved to be suitable for performing
      double contrast examinations of the small intestine, particularly as the
      tolerability to somatostatin is better than to other comparative substances.

PMID- 676794
TI  - Experimental colonic tumours in the rat. I. Preparation and technique of
      examination.
AB  - A method is described for demonstrating the mucosal appearance of the colon of
      the rat with double contrast and magnification radiography. The rats were
      examined at regular intervals. Double contrast examinations were performed 1 570
      times in 418 rats. The animals were prepared by cleansing the colon with enemas.
      The mortality rate for different forms of anesthesia was recorded. An anesthesia
      with intraperitoneal administration of chloralhydrate and atropine-sulfate was
      the most appropriate.

PMID- 676795
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy of the spreading of barium sulfate suspensions on
      the gastric mucosa of the rat. Effect of wetting agents, bile salt and lecithine.
AB  - Scanning electron microscopy was performed on the rat stomach mucosa after
      application of BaSO4 and three barium-containing commercial contrast media. The
      degree of flocculation was assessed; flocculation could be prevented by using
      synthetic wetting agents and by physiologic, natural emulsifiers, sodium
      taurocholate and lecithine.

PMID- 676796
TI  - Effects of the pregnant uterus on the abdominal aorta and its branches.
AB  - The pregnant uterus was found to exert pressure upon the lumbar region with a
      maximum over the midline of the lordosis and diminishing laterally. Those parts
      of the arterial system formed by the aorta and its dorsal branches and
      displaceable at autopsy, were accordingly dislodged by the uterus, whereas the
      fixed parts were compressed. The pressure effects extended cranially during
      pregnancy. Symptoms of compression can be relieved by avoiding supine and prone
      positions.

PMID- 676797
TI  - Gastrocnemio-semimembranosus bursa and its relation to the knee joint. III.
      Pressure measurements in joint and bursa.
AB  - Pressure measurements in the knee joint and gastrocnemio-semimembranosus bursa
      were performed on patients and autopsy cases. A normally occurring closure
      mechanism between the joint and the bursa was demonstrated and analysed. Two
      patients were also found to have a partial valvular mechanism in the form of a
      hindrance to spontaneous passage of fluid from the bursa to the joint but no
      hindrance in the other direction.

PMID- 676798
TI  - Soft tissue radiography for evaluating clinical activity of rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - The value of soft tissue radiography in assessing the activity of rheumatoid
      arthritis was investigated in 67 patients and correlated to the clinical activity
      of the disease. Soft tissue radiography using a technique for mammary radiography
      was combined with immersion. Radiologically demonstrated periarticular oedema was
      most closely correlated to clinical activity. A close correlation also existed
      between soft tissue radiographic lesions and 99Tcm accumulation in hands.

PMID- 676799
TI  - Nuclear area and sex chromatin frequency in oral mucosa and hair root sheats of
      human females.
AB  - In 36 oral mucosa and in 25 hair root sheath slides nuclear area was measured in
      about 100 nuclei per slide. Within one slide no differences were found in nuclear
      area between nuclei with or without sex chromatin, or with a non-peripheral sex
      chromatin. No correlation was found between nuclear area and sex chromatin
      frequency, except for a weakly significant negative correlation between nuclear
      area and those nuclei without either peripheral or non-peripheral sex chromatin.

PMID- 676800
TI  - Biochemical investigation of lens induction in vitro. II. Demonstration of the
      induction substance.
AB  - An organ culture method to study the process of lens induction in the chick is
      described. To see whether or not a direct contact between the participating
      tissues is required for lens formation, agar slices (0.5 mm thickness) were
      cultured between the eye cup and the ectoderm. New lenses were formed in 43% of
      the transplants. Both the eye cup and the ectoderm originated from 72 hours old
      embryos (stage 18). By culturing agar slices on the eye cups during 2--24 hours
      and afterwards culturing these slices separately in combination with ectoderm, it
      was proved that lens inducing substance (s) penetrate into the agar slices. 3-4
      hours of culturing on the eye cup is sufficient to obtain "inducing" agar slices.
      The same eye cups were shown to be able to induce a lens for more than one time.
      By using millipore filters with a 0.65 mu pore size, induction occurs in 36% of
      the cultures. The possibility of a restraining influence of the formed lens on
      the induction capacity of the eye cup was noticed.

PMID- 676801
TI  - Binding of labelled antigens and immune complexes to macrophages and dendritic
      cells in cryostat sections of normal mouse spleen.
AB  - It has been shown that, when cryostat sections of normal mouse spleens were
      incubated with labelled immune complexes, label accumulated in the dendritic cell
      areas of some follicle centres. No label, more than background, was found in the
      periphery of the follicles. This localization pattern is different from that
      obtained when labelled immune complexes had been injected intravenously in mice.
      Apart from the cells involved in follicular trapping of immune complexes,
      labelled cells were also found in the white pulp, especially in the
      periarteriolar lymphocyte sheaths and in the red pulp. These cells could be
      identified as macrophages. When incubation of the cryostat sections took place
      with labelled antigen, in the absence of the complexing specific antibody, only
      the macrophages were labelled but not the cells in the follicle centres. These
      results are discussed in relation to the binding mechanisms of antigens and
      immune complexes to macrophages and dendritic cells.

PMID- 676802
TI  - Significance of the ventricular fluid pressure wave form in the diagnosis of
      cerebral circulatory arrest and brain death.
AB  - The fluctuations in the absolute value of the ventricular fluid pressure (VFP)
      with simultaneous changes in the amplitude and frequency of the oscillations of
      the ventricular fluid wave form are described in seven patients who developed
      brain death following either a head injury or a cerebrovascular accident, and are
      compared with those observed in nineteen patients who survived similar brain
      pathology. The findings in the two groups were significantly different. It is
      suggested that VFP monitoring does provide reliable evidence of brain death even
      while the patient is on artificial respiration.

PMID- 676803
TI  - [The effect of different types of osmotic or oncotic therapy on intracranial
      pressure and electrical activity of the brain in experimental brain edema].

PMID- 676804
TI  - Size of posterior fossa in Chiari type 1 malformation in adults.
AB  - The clinical and neuroradiological findings in five patients with Chiari Type 1
      malformation presenting symptoms in adult life are presented. New posterior fossa
      ratio methods have been applied to this material. The posterior cranial fossae
      are demonstrated to be small, and the most significant deviation from normal gave
      the ratio h/Tw: posterior fossa height in proportion to Twining's line. The
      implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the static and
      dynamic factors that are operating in the development of neurological symptoms in
      Chiari type 1 malformation. A final discussion is given comparing the Chiari type
      1 malformations to meningo-myelocele. The findings using posterior fossa ratio
      methods may strengthen the indications for suboccipital craniectomy in these
      patients.

PMID- 676805
TI  - Distension of the operation site after posterior fossa surgery.
AB  - In 130 posterior fossa operations 6 cases of progressive distension of the
      operation site have been recorded and documented. The possible causes of this
      complication and the surgical management are discussed. Isotope studies after
      injection of Ytterbium 169DTPA into the underlying cyst have shown abnormal
      patterns in CSF circulation and absorption. All the cases have resolved after
      ventriculo-peritoneal shunts.

PMID- 676807
TI  - Peripheral nerve tumour composed of neurilemmoma and haemangioma elements.
AB  - Five cases of a peripheral nerve tumour with both neurilemmoma and haemangioma
      components are reported. Three tumours were intraspinal, one tumour originated in
      the acoustic nerve, and one was in the brachial plexus. Because of rapid
      progression these mixed tumours should be considered in the differential
      diagnosis of intraspinal malignancies.

PMID- 676806
TI  - Spinofacial anastomosis.
AB  - Removal of large acoustic neuromas may still be followed by facial nerve palsy.
      The results of fourteen cases of spinofacial nerve anastomosis have been studied
      and compared with the results of spinofacial and hypoglossal-facial anastomoses
      reported in the literature. Other standard treatments of facial palsy have been
      briefly reviewed and criteria developed by which the most appropriate therapy for
      facial paralysis may be selected.

PMID- 676808
TI  - Metastasis of carcinoma to meningioma.

PMID- 676809
TI  - Schwannoma of the olfactory groove. Case report and review of previous cases.
AB  - A personal case, the third in the literature, of an olfactory groove schwannoma
      in a young man aged 19 is reported, and the two cases previously described are
      revieweed. Occurrence in young males and long histories are characteristic.

PMID- 676810
TI  - [Paraplegia with a cauda equina syndrome due to stenosis of the spinal canal
      caused by tabes arthropathy].
AB  - The authors present a case of cauda equina paraparesis due to compression by
      tabetic osteo-arthropathy. Diagnosis was confirmed by the typical clinical
      picture of tabes and by the history of a chancre 53 years earlier. Radiography of
      the spine showed vertibral osteo-arthropathy. Opaque contrast myelography showed
      compression at the D 11/D 12 and L 4/L 5 levels, with poor contrast filling athe
      the L 1/L 3 level. Surgical treatment by decompressive laminectomies from D 12 to
      L 4 led to a satisfactory result with motor recovery and regression of the cauda
      equina syndrome.

PMID- 676811
TI  - Neurosurgical training in Europe. 2nd report of the training committee of the
      European Association of Neurosurgical Societies (E.A.N.S.).

PMID- 676812
TI  - [Libido and sexuality].

PMID- 676813
TI  - [Surveys on the attitude of the Spanish psychiatrists on electroshock therapy].

PMID- 676814
TI  - [Contribution to the evaluation in clinical psychology and psychopathology of the
      anxiety depressive disorders with psychiatric therapy].

PMID- 676815
TI  - [E.E.G. diagnosis in an assumed normal population (aeronautic medicine)].

PMID- 676816
TI  - [Use of cytidine diphosphate choline in acute encephalic lesions].

PMID- 676817
TI  - [Affinity of anatomy and urology].

PMID- 676818
TI  - [Urodynamic examination with simultaneous radiologic recording].

PMID- 676819
TI  - [Preventive ischemia in the surgery of complicated renal lithiasis].

PMID- 676820
TI  - [Value of the renal cortical index in hiliosinuscystosis].

PMID- 676821
TI  - [Test of angiotensin in renal expansion processes].

PMID- 676822
TI  - [Alternating bilateral ureteral stenosis in the course of Schonlein-Henoch
      purpura].

PMID- 676823
TI  - [Differential diagnosis and therapeutic failures in female urinary incontinence].

PMID- 676824
TI  - [Hemorrhage and caliceal communication of renal serous cyst. Diagnostic
      difficulties].

PMID- 676825
TI  - [Intrinsic obstructive ureteral endometriosis].

PMID- 676826
TI  - [Vesicouterine fistula].

PMID- 676827
TI  - [Hormone therapy in prostatic cancer: indications and counterindications].

PMID- 676828
TI  - [In vivo research of pyeloureteral dynamics for pharmacological purposes:
      critical analysis of the methods].

PMID- 676829
TI  - [Acute renal failure induced by radiologyic contrast media].

PMID- 676830
TI  - [Iatrogenic damage of gynecologic origin].

PMID- 676831
TI  - [Urinary excretion of IgA and cellular immunity in recurrent urinary infection in
      children].

PMID- 676832
TI  - [Humoral immunity in prostatic cancer].

PMID- 676833
TI  - [Renal cholesteatoma. Report of a case and review of the literature].

PMID- 676834
TI  - [Complete ureteral rupture by closed abnormal injury].

PMID- 676835
TI  - [Leiomyoma of the female urethra].

PMID- 676836
TI  - Ontogenesis of the visual system.

PMID- 676837
TI  - Psychological factors and adolescent illicit drug use: ethnicity and sex
      differences.
AB  - Of four psychological factors examined in a representative sample of New York
      State secondary school students, only two, depressive mood and normlessness, show
      a positive relationship with the use of illicit drugs, especially drugs other
      than marihuana. The association of depressive mood and normlessness with illegal
      multiple drug use varies by ethnicity and sex, being consistently stronger among
      girls and among whites. In addition, depressive mood is negatively related to
      multiple drug use for black and Puerto Rican boys. These findings suggest that
      psychological factors play a different role in adolescent drug involvement within
      various social and cultural groups.

PMID- 676838
TI  - A comparison of self-esteem, dogmatism and fantasy in psychiatric inpatient
      adolescents and their parents with non-hospitalized adolescents and their
      parents.
AB  - Forty in-patient adolescents and 40 non-hospitalized adolescents, comparable in
      age, sex, education, birth position and socioeconomic level, and their parents
      were administered the Rokeach Dogmatism Scale, Barksdale Self-Esteem Evaluation
      Scale, the Singer and Antrobus Imaginal Process Inventory, and the Elms Empathic
      Fantasy Scale. Distinct differences were found between the in-patient adolescent
      and his/her parents in aspects of fantasy, empathy, dogmatism, and self-esteem,
      while the non-hospitalized adolescents were very similar in fantasy with both
      parents. In addition, both parents of the nonhospitalized adolescents had greater
      levels of self-esteem with less dogmatism evident in the fathers. The results are
      discussed in terms of the identification process and modeling, the socialization
      process with its suppression or reduction of taboo drive manifestations and
      fantasy as a means of achieving unattainable drives.

PMID- 676839
TI  - A note on adolescent suicide: incidence, dynamics and some suggestions for
      treatment.

PMID- 676840
TI  - Counseling with culturally disadvantaged adolescents.

PMID- 676841
TI  - Sex role development and teenage fertility-related behavior.

PMID- 676842
TI  - The management of obesity in the post-adolescent developmentally disabled client
      with Prader-Willi syndrome.
AB  - A discussion of the problem of obesity control in post-adolescent residents who
      are diagnosed as having Prader-Willi Syndrome is presented with a description of
      the syndrome, a brief case history of one of the residents with the syndrome, and
      an outline of the program used by a residential facility for exceptional young
      adults in managing this difficult problem.

PMID- 676844
TI  - Attitudes toward parents and delinquency in suburban adolescent males.

PMID- 676843
TI  - Crime and punishment on campus: an inner city case.

PMID- 676845
TI  - Rehabilitation of the coronary patient.

PMID- 676846
TI  - Prescription of vocational and leisure activities. Practical aspects.

PMID- 676847
TI  - Psychological aspects of cardiac rehabilitation. Assessment and approach to the
      patient.

PMID- 676848
TI  - Psychological approach in patients after a myocardial infarction.

PMID- 676849
TI  - The use of groups in the rehabilitation of the postcoronary patient.

PMID- 676850
TI  - Organization of rehabilitation centres.

PMID- 676851
TI  - Health education in cardiac rehabilitation.

PMID- 676852
TI  - Results of rehabilitation in coronary patients.

PMID- 676853
TI  - Exercise electrocardiography.

PMID- 676854
TI  - Rehabilitation in arterial hypertension.

PMID- 676855
TI  - Rehabilitation in acquired valvular diseases.

PMID- 676856
TI  - World Health Organization collaborative study on rehabilitation and comprehensive
      secondary prevention of patients after acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 676857
TI  - Activities of Rehabilitation International.

PMID- 676859
TI  - The future of rehabilitation: a component of routine cardiac care.

PMID- 676858
TI  - Council of Europe--activities in cardiac rehabilitation.

PMID- 676860
TI  - Ventricular function in coronary heart disease.

PMID- 676861
TI  - The place of coronary angiography and ventriculography in the rehabilitation of
      patients with coronary heart disease.

PMID- 676862
TI  - Physiology of training in normals and coronary patients.

PMID- 676863
TI  - Exercise testing methods and interpretation.

PMID- 676864
TI  - Methodology of physical training, principles of training and exercise
      prescription.

PMID- 676865
TI  - Secondary prevention and associated drug therapy.
AB  - In secondary prevention, the treatment of serious disorders is undoubtedly
      necessary. This applies to the treatment of latent or manifest heart failure with
      digitalis glycosides, the treatment of coronary insufficiency with suitably
      active medicaments, and the administration of antiarrhythmics to patients with
      cardiac arrhythmias, who could be particularly endangered under certain
      circumstances. Raised arterial blood pressure, one of the most important risk
      factors of coronary heart disease, requires suitable drug treatment. Similarly,
      the additional administration of medicaments that affect lipid metabolism and of
      substances that lower raised uric acid levels together with a suitable diet is
      often inevitable. It is patently obvious that diabetes mellitus must be optimally
      controlled. Whether the long-term administration of beta-sympatholytics has a
      protective effect on the onset of sudden deaths through cardiac arrhythmias or on
      the incidence of reinfarction is, in the present state of knowledge, quite
      possible, but still not definitely proven. Different indications and dosages of
      the medicament, and thus the absence of standardized conditions, scarcely permit
      an assessment of the success of associated drug therapy in secondary prevention.

PMID- 676866
TI  - Mossbauer effect: studies of the electronic structures of the heme.
AB  - On the basis of experimental Mossbauer evidence, the electronic structures of
      heme iron are discussed for Mb and Hb. In the deoxygenated state, it is concluded
      from the electric field gradient tensor and the temperature dependence of the
      quadrupole splitting that the ferrous iron is not in the tetragonal ligand field
      with the symmetry axis perpendicular to the heme. The experimental results are
      well explained solely by rhombic perturbation. The electronic ground state is a
      component of the 5E term, and the principal axis of the anisotrophy is parallel
      to the heme plane. In the oxygenated state, there is no decisive conclusion on
      the bonding structure of the O2 molecule to the heme. Still, the two models of
      Pauling and Griffith are consistent with experimental results. Considering a
      relaxation between two possible conformational states, the peculiar temperature
      dependence of the quadrupole splitting is resolved in Fe-O2 model compounds.

PMID- 676867
TI  - [Microbiological aspects of new aminoglycoside antibiotics].

PMID- 676868
TI  - [The effect of aminoglycosides on the proximal tubules in man].

PMID- 676869
TI  - [Allergy and anaphylaxis].
AB  - Acute undesirable drug reactions following the application of one of the modern
      amiglycoside antibiotics only occur in some exceptional cases. Those compounds
      reveal low sensitizing capacity, in contrast to streptomycin. Following topical
      applications, allergies of delayed type have been recorded, especially in the
      case of neomycin, a widely used topical antibiotic. Aminoglycosides exhibit
      anaphylactoid activity; they cause a degranulation of mast cells. Via this
      mechanism, histamine reactions are provoked. Such "anaphylactoid" reactions are
      clinically indistinguishable from true allergic (anaphylactic) phenomena and
      repeatedly have been erroneously interpreted. For allergological test series as
      well as for the correct interpretation of acute unwanted drug effects it is
      important to consider the anaphylactoid activity of the aminoglycosides.

PMID- 676870
TI  - [The clinical view of aminoglycoside antibiotics].

PMID- 676871
TI  - [Therapy with combinations of aminoglycosides and other antibiotics].

PMID- 676872
TI  - [In vitro- and in vivo- studies with aminoglycosides].

PMID- 676873
TI  - [Aminoglycosides in pediatrics].

PMID- 676874
TI  - [The question of ototoxicity of gentamycin therapy in children].

PMID- 676875
TI  - [Aminoglycosides in urology].

PMID- 676876
TI  - [Microbiology and pharmacokinetics of gentamicin, sisomicin, netilmicin and
      amikacin].

PMID- 676877
TI  - [Pharmacologic studies or aminoglycoside antibiotics (amikacin, gentamicin,
      sisomicin, tobramycin)].
AB  - In a randomized study of 12 healthy subjects, the pharmacokinetics of gentamicin,
      sisomicin and tobramycin were determined after a one-hour infusion of each drug
      (1.0 mg/kg body-weight). There were no pharmacokinetic differences of therapeutic
      significance between the three drugs. The mean serum concentrations at the end of
      infusion were 3.85 microgram/ml for gentamicin and 4.66 microgram/ml for
      sisomicin, falling to 0.12 and 0.26 microgram/ml, respectively, after eight
      hours. The biological half-life varied between 96 and 122 min and the apparent
      volumes of distribution corresponded closely to the size of the extracellular
      space.--The pharmacokinetic data of amikacin were determined after a one-hour
      constant infusion, the mean amikacin serum concentration was 37.5 microgram/ml
      and, 8 hours later, decreased to an average of 1.3 microgram/ml. The biological
      half-life amounted to a mean of 114.2 +/- 16.7 min, and the apparent volume of
      distribution could be calculated with 18.1 +/- 1.81/100 kg body weight.

PMID- 676878
TI  - [The differentiation of potential nephrotoxicity of various aminoglycosides in
      animal experiments].
AB  - Experimental differentiation in the animal of nephrotoxicity of various
      aminoglycosides. Animal experiments showed that all aminoglycosides cause similar
      toxic tubular and glomerular damage when investigated by qualitative morphology.
      Quantitative differences in tubular nephrotoxicity of gentamicin, tobramycin,
      sisomicin, kanamycin, kanendomycin, amikacin, and butirosin were demonstrable by
      evaluation of the excretion rates of tubular cells and urinary enzymes in rats.
      By this means dose-effect-relationships were found resulting in reproducible
      different toxic threshold doses for each antibiotic, and thus in a scale of
      increasing nephrotoxicity. The aminoglycosides differed by their affinity to
      kidney tissue as measured by determination of the accumulating renal
      concentrations of the drugs at different times during multiple-dose
      administration. This had a modifying influence on excretion rates of cells and
      enzymes affecting the scale of toxicity in long-term studies. Comparative
      investigations on nephrotoxicity in rats and guinea pigs gave similar results. In
      addition, a study in man suggested that the test results of nephrotoxicity are
      not species-specific. For human therapy it is concluded that even more caution
      should be practised with the new aminoglycosides than with gentamicin in order to
      avoid renal damage.

PMID- 676879
TI  - [Comparative studies on the nephrotoxicity of aminoglycoside antibiotics using
      renal enzyme elimination in rats as a model].
AB  - Determinations of renal enzyme excretion in rats inform on the relative
      nephrotoxicity of drugs. The data obtained in such studies are of clinical
      relevance. For the screening of new aminoglycosides, the renal enzyme excretion
      technique is a rather simple, but valuable model. New compounds can easily be
      compared to well-known ones about which clinical cata are available already.-
      Comparative investigations with netilmicin, a semi-synthetic sisomicin
      derivative, and with gentamicin are reported. Netilmicin in three different doses
      provoked significantly less increase in urinary alkaline phosphatase and "leucine
      aminopeptidase" activities.

PMID- 676880
TI  - Pathological changes of cerebral vessel endothelial cells in spontaneously
      hypertensive rats, with special reference to the role of these cells in the
      development of hypertensive cerebrovascular lesions.
AB  - Changes of endothelial cells of the cerebral arterial system in spontaneously
      hypertensive rats were investigated using scanning electron and transmission
      electron microscopes. The endothelial cells revealed on the one hand, progressive
      changes such as enlargement, increased plasmalemmal pits, numerous microvilli and
      well-developed marginal folds. On the other hand, regressive changes such as
      balloon-like protusions and craterlike concavities were also noted. Platelet
      adhesion was often encountered on the injured  endothelial surface of the
      cerebral arteries in SHR. The significance of these findings in the development
      of hypertensive cerebral vascular changes was discussed.

PMID- 676881
TI  - Morphometric evaluation of capillaries in different laminae of rat cerebral
      cortex by automatic image analysis: changes during development and aging.

PMID- 676882
TI  - Production on nonserogenous CSF compounds in the CNS of teleosts.

PMID- 676883
TI  - Metabolism of brain capillaries in relation to active ion transport.

PMID- 676884
TI  - Blood pressure-dependent brain sodium uptake after choroid plexectomy
      representing transcapillary filtration as source of extracellular fluid.

PMID- 676885
TI  - Microcirculation within the cerebral extracellular space.

PMID- 676886
TI  - Cerebral microvasculature in ischemia.

PMID- 676887
TI  - Alteration of small veins in cerebral ischemic foci.

PMID- 676888
TI  - Cerebral circulation disturbances in various hypoxic conditions.

PMID- 676889
TI  - The arteriole as a site of metabolic exchange.

PMID- 676890
TI  - Cerebral microvessels as mediators of cerebral transport.

PMID- 676891
TI  - Brain microvessels. I. Enzymic activities.

PMID- 676892
TI  - Adrenergic involvement in cerebral blood flow: changes in controlled hypotension.

PMID- 676894
TI  - Pathophysiology and morphology after microembolism of the cat brain.

PMID- 676893
TI  - Coupling of function, metabolism, and blood flow after air embolism of the cat
      brain.

PMID- 676895
TI  - Vesicular transport through endothelial cells in focal brain edema.

PMID- 676896
TI  - Regional brain uptake of norepinephrine following mechanical or osmotic opening
      of the blood-brain barrier.

PMID- 676897
TI  - Further studies on postischemic brain edema: contribution by disorders of central
      circulation and respiratory mechanical difficulties.

PMID- 676898
TI  - Hypertension and the blood-brain barrier.
AB  - Acute hypertension leads to alternating regions of dilation and vasoconstriction
      of surface cerebral vessels. It remains to be determined conclusively if either
      or both of those calibre changes are essential in the production of degenerative
      vascular changes of malignant hypertension. There is no evidence of ischemic or
      other morphologic change to components of the blood-brain barrier including the
      interendothelial tight junctions which remain intact. An early phase of evolving
      cerebral edema is swelling of astrocytic foot processes that occurs only in
      regions of abnormal protein permeability. The cortical location of these acute
      hypertensive lesions stands in contrast to the ganglionic location of the
      microaneurysms found as complication of chronic hypertension in man. The location
      of permeability changes to protein do not necessarily reflect changes in brain
      water permeability susceptible to sympathetic regulation.

PMID- 676899
TI  - Increased vesicular transport of horseradish peroxidase across the blood-brain
      barrier after chemical induction of hypertension.

PMID- 676900
TI  - Cerebral vessel in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

PMID- 676901
TI  - Vasopressin concentration in the blood during acute short-term intracranial
      hypertension in cats.

PMID- 676902
TI  - Characterization of venules in the brain.

PMID- 676903
TI  - Morphological evidence of microcirculatory disturbances in experimental spinal
      cord trauma.

PMID- 676904
TI  - Spinal cord blood flow after experimental trauma in the dog. I. Morphological
      findings after standardized trauma.

PMID- 676905
TI  - Ultrastructural changes in spinal gray matter microvasculature after impact
      injury.

PMID- 676906
TI  - Microcirculatory disturbances during the early phase following experimental
      spinal cord trauma in the rat.
AB  - The early (primary) lesion of the microvasculature and neurons in the gray matter
      of the rat become mainfest within 0-3 min, long before the development of
      secondary ischemic-anoxic changes. The central hemorrhagic necrosis of the gray
      matter, induced by the impact injury, seems to depend primarily on theseverity of
      trauma. However, since the lesion is limited to the gray matter of one or two
      segments, these primary changes are not responsible for the irreversible
      transverse lesion. Additionally, the experimental cord injury in the rat
      demonstrates that secondary vascular changes (i.e., the pathological permeability
      of vessels in the white matter) produce a progressive edema that spreads into the
      necrotic zone and leads to definite transverse lesion. Not least of all, the
      increased pressure of the spinal tissue may promote the self-destructive process
      leading to irreversible damage to white matter.

PMID- 676907
TI  - Spinal cord transection and subsequent treatment with cyclophosphamide or
      isobutyl-2-cyanocrylate: associated microvascular abnormalities.

PMID- 676908
TI  - Spinal cord blood flow after experimental trauma in the dog. II. Early changes of
      spinal cord blood flow in the surrounding area of a traumatic lesion.

PMID- 676909
TI  - Microangiographic observations of morphological vessel changes after experimental
      spinal cord trauma.
AB  - In 36 rabbits the spinal vessels were investigated by microangiography during and
      immediately after spinal cord compression, and at a long time after
      decompression. Vessel constrictions, obliterations, injuries, perivascular
      bleeding, insufficient filling of the surface arterial net, obliterations of the
      V. spin. post., and venous stasis were found. The vessels in the gray matter were
      insufficiently filled, whereas those in the periphery were adequately filled. The
      vessels in animals observed immediately and at a long time after decompression
      were more often filled than those in animals observed during the compression.
      Mechanical compression of the vessels may play an important role here.

PMID- 676910
TI  - Pores and tubule-containing vacuoles in altered blood vessels of the central
      nervous system.

PMID- 676911
TI  - Architecture of cerebral capillaries in aged human subjects with hypertension.

PMID- 676912
TI  - Vascular changes in the human senile brain.

PMID- 676913
TI  - Demonstration of early capillary lesions in the brain by means of artificial
      reperfusion.
AB  - Nine patients are reported in whom functional brain death was determined as
      exactly as possible by neurological (in part also electroencephalographic and/or
      angiographic) examination in combination with analysis of the clinical history.
      During the first hour, at 2-4 hr, and later than 4 hr after the occurrence of
      functional brain death, the mean systemic pressure was raised to 30% above normal
      by infusion of Arterenol. The infusions lasted 15-30 min; in spite of the raised
      blood pressure, the patients died of cardiovascular attention to vascular damage;
      none was found whenever the reperfusion was completed within the first hour after
      determination of circulatory arrest. In all three cases in which reperfusion was
      performed, after more than 4 hr the neuropathological findings were similar. In
      one case the EEG showed a burst-type pattern during reperfusion within the first
      hour after determination of brain death.

PMID- 676914
TI  - Relation between 13-minute 133Xe clearance curves and types of brain lesion in
      patients with severe acute brain injury.

PMID- 676915
TI  - Reactivity of the cerebral vascular bed to CO2 in patients with head injury.

PMID- 676916
TI  - Cerebral artery spasm: histological changes in necropsies of cases of
      subarachnoid hemorrhage.
AB  - A group of 20 necropsies of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) were selected because
      of the known complication of cerebral vasospasm. Evidence for vasospasm was
      radiological and pathological in 17 cases and pathological alone in 3 cases. A
      histological examination of the large arteries in areas known formerly to be in
      spasm showed that in the 13 early cases (death before 3 weeks) there were
      relevant changes in all layers of the arterial wall, the most significant being a
      degeneration of the media and elastica. In the 7 late cases (death after 3
      weeks), in addition to the sequelae of the acute changes, there was marked
      concentric intimal thickening; and the localization was again in the particular
      segments of arteries formerly in spasm. Changes found in the small arteries,
      capillaries, and veins in the early and the late cases were thought to be caused
      by the ischemia due to the vasospasm. These changes were also seen in control
      material.

PMID- 676917
TI  - Brain monoamines in metabolic coma and stroke.

PMID- 676918
TI  - Microneurosurgical revascularization for cerebral ischemia.

PMID- 676920
TI  - Transmission and scanning electron microscopy of the microcirculation of gliomas.

PMID- 676919
TI  - Ultrastructrual studies of cerebral aneurysms and angiomas gained operatively.

PMID- 676921
TI  - Further observations of the fine structure of blood vessels in neurotuberculosis:
      possible significance of vasculitis with proliferated basement membrane.

PMID- 676922
TI  - Effect of decreased arterial pCO2 on the pial arteriolar response to adensoine.

PMID- 676923
TI  - Alterations of the cerebral vessels in craniocerebral injuries: histochemical and
      angiographic studies.

PMID- 676924
TI  - Effect of histamine on pial arteries: a microapplication study.

PMID- 676925
TI  - Vasomotor response of cerebral blood vessels to dopamine and dopaminergic
      agonists.
AB  - The vasomotor response of dopamine and dopaminergic agonists was studies on
      feline isolated middle cerebral arteries in vitro and pial arterioles in situ
      following microapplication. The action of various inhibitors was tested to define
      the receptors involved. The contractile response could be blocked by alpha
      receptor as well as serotonin receptor antagonists. The mode of inhibition
      suggested that serotonin receptors rather than alpha-adrenoceptors mediated the
      dopamine-induced contraction. A dose-dependent dilation could be evoked by the
      dopaminergic agonists on actively contracting pial arteries in vitro and by
      apomorphine in situ. The relative potency for the agonists together with blocking
      experiments indicated that the vasodilation was mediated by specific dopamine
      receptors.

PMID- 676926
TI  - [Evolution of diabetic retinopathy and rubeosis iridis (author's transl)].

PMID- 676927
TI  - [Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy and geographic
      helicoid peripapillary choroidopathy (author's transl)].

PMID- 676928
TI  - [Quantitative perimetry using new developed static campimeter--discussion on
      normal eyes (author's transl)].

PMID- 676929
TI  - [Penalisation--its effectiveness, indication and position in the treatment of the
      unilateral amblvopia (author's transl)].

PMID- 676930
TI  - [Ultrastructural observations of the choroid-Bruch's membrane-pigment epithelium
      on an extensive retinochoroidal detachment associated with nanophthalmos
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 676931
TI  - [Histochemical studies on the human trabecular meshwork. Part 3: The masked
      glycosaminoglycans on the glaucomatous eyes (author's transl)].

PMID- 676932
TI  - [Histoenzymic chemistry study of irradiated rabbit corneas using
      microspectrophotometry (author's transl)].

PMID- 676933
TI  - [Effects of pilocarpine Ocusert upon IOP, pupil diameter and refraction in
      patients with ocular hypertension (author's transl)].

PMID- 676934
TI  - [Electroencephalographic perimetry. Part 3: Characteristics of vertex potentials
      elicited by focal retinal stimulations (author's transl)].

PMID- 676935
TI  - [A study on oxygen supply to the perfused mammalian retina in vitro (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 676936
TI  - [Studies on the mechanism of inducement to uveitis. Report I. Mediators in
      uveitis (author's transl)].

PMID- 676937
TI  - [Classification of diabetic retinopathy (author's transl)].

PMID- 676938
TI  - [Analysis of clinical pictures of peripheral uveitis (author's transl)].

PMID- 676939
TI  - [Wyburn--Mason syndrome (author's transl)].

PMID- 676940
TI  - [CT scanner and the reliable limit of detection on intraocular foreign bodies
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 676941
TI  - [MTF and VEP by laser interference fringe, and its clinical use in ophthalmology
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 676942
TI  - [The urologist and hypertension].

PMID- 676943
TI  - Competency-based education and creative thinking.
AB  - When creativity is considered as an approach to problem-solving, rather than as
      an innate talent, then education can play an important role in its development.
      This paper postulates that competency-based education, because of its emphasis on
      stated objectives, feedback, self-evaluation, and alternative learning
      experiences, is an approach to curriculum design that should lead students to
      become more creative thinkers. A description of competency-based-education is
      given, and research on educational methods and creativity is surveyed. The
      implications of this type of program for occupational therapy education are
      considered.

PMID- 676944
TI  - A process model for competency-based education.
AB  - This article describes a process model for design and development of curricula.
      The model is based on learning theories of competency-based education. It is
      suggested that curricula so designed will, in conjunction with accreditation and
      credntialing, provide an additional mechanism for ensuring quality in
      professional practice.

PMID- 676945
TI  - Reflections concerning an activity consultant by a nursing home administrator.
AB  - The problems a therapist can expect as a part-time consultant in a nursing home
      are explored. These problems include understanding the nature of patient
      population, incomplete information on specific characteristics of the nursing
      home, and the relationships among the various constituencies found in the
      facility. Activities can be helpful in counteracting physical problems and
      especially depression and withdrawal. The consultant must be independent,
      objective, informed, able to stimulated creative approaches, make value judgments
      and appropriate decisions, and above all, must be involved.

PMID- 676946
TI  - Chaining strategies for teaching sequenced motor tasks to mentally retarded
      adults.
AB  - This study arose from a need to determine which of two techniques was the most
      efficient means for assisting the mentally retarded to achieve optimum
      independence in functional living skills. Twenty-four educable mentally retarded
      adults were assigned to two groups and instructed in a sequenced motor assembly
      task. One group was taught using a forward chaining method and the other, a
      backward chaining method. Subjects were measured for learning time and retention
      performance. Results supported the hypothesis that subjects taught using backward
      chaining required less time to learn the task than those taught using forward
      chaining. There was no significant difference in retention between the two
      groups.

PMID- 676947
TI  - Clinical placements by computer program.
AB  - A computer allocation and recording system was developed and implemented to
      permit an integrated, sequesntial and, to some extent, individually tailored
      clinical experience for occupational therapy students. Necessary technical
      information is described for those who may wish to adapt the program to their
      needs. A difficult administrative task was solved by a machine well known for its
      speed and accuracy, extensive memory, and copy-typing capabilities.

PMID- 676948
TI  - Telphone conference in level II field work.

PMID- 676949
TI  - Issues in education.

PMID- 676950
TI  - Copyright and you.

PMID- 676951
TI  - Variables to consider in developing and selecting services for deaf-blind
      children--part II.

PMID- 676952
TI  - The self-concept and adjustment patterns of hearing-impaired pupils in different
      school settings.

PMID- 676953
TI  - Matthew.

PMID- 676954
TI  - A step forward: psychological services to children who are hearing impaired.

PMID- 676955
TI  - The deaf child's symbolic world.

PMID- 676956
TI  - From the child.

PMID- 676957
TI  - Perceptual features of the manual alphabet.

PMID- 676958
TI  - A residential program for deaf multi-handicapped children.

PMID- 676959
TI  - Needs assessment--a catalyst for systemic residential school program planning and
      evaluation.

PMID- 676960
TI  - Hearing-impaired/developmentally disabled persons in the United States:
      definitions, causes, effects, and prevalence estimates.

PMID- 676961
TI  - A comment on measurement error in achievement tests for the hearing impaired.

PMID- 676962
TI  - Deaf education in West Germany: some traditions and transitions.

PMID- 676963
TI  - The effect of low environmental temperatures on local muscular fatigue
      parameters.

PMID- 676964
TI  - T wave changes as a result of competitive swimming.

PMID- 676965
TI  - Shin splints.

PMID- 676966
TI  - From the clinic: a corrective therapy approach to the treatment of obesity.

PMID- 676967
TI  - Vitamin toxicity.

PMID- 676969
TI  - Hyperbaric oxygenation.

PMID- 676968
TI  - Primary health care, the quintessence of family practice.

PMID- 676970
TI  - Additives, apples, etc.

PMID- 676971
TI  - Intestinal pseudo-obstruction.

PMID- 676972
TI  - Coronary stenosis: ischemic or non-ischemic factor?

PMID- 676973
TI  - Infective endocarditis in heroin addicts: epidemiological observations and some
      unusual cases.
AB  - The total number of cases of heroin-induced endocarditis occurring over a four
      year period were reviewed in order to explain an increase in the number of cases
      in the last year studied (1975). Brown heroin was noted to be used more
      frequently by addicts during the period of increased incidence. Cultures of
      "street samples" of brown and white heroin as well as cocaine were obtained in
      order to elucidate a possible relationship between the increased use of brown
      heroin and the increased number of endocarditis cases. Despite frequent
      contamination of both white and brown heroin, none of the common endocarditis
      causing pathogens were isolated from the samples. Staphylococcus aureus, the most
      common etiological agent, frequently resulted in tricuspid endocarditis. That the
      accepted criteria for tricuspid endocarditis may be present without actual
      cardiac valve involvement is demonstrated by a most unusual case of hepatic
      vasculature infection.

PMID- 676974
TI  - The temperature course in acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - The rectal temperature course was studied retrospectively in 192 consecutive
      patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The ordinary temperature course
      after AMI was characterized by four points: 1. The morning temperature on the
      first day in hospital was seldom above 38.2 degrees C. (in four of 50 cases) 2.
      The maximal morning temperature was seldom recorded before day two or after day
      five in hospital (in five of 150 cases) 3. The maximal morning temperature seldom
      reached above 39.0 degrees C. (in one of 150 cases) 4. The morning temperature
      seldom increased more than 0.6 degrees C. after day five in one or more steps (in
      nine of 150 cases). Seventy-four per cent of the patients were afebrile after one
      week, and 96% after two weeks. Patients with higher SGOT (ASAT) maxima had longer
      duration of fever. Eleven per cent of the patients did not have fever at all.

PMID- 676975
TI  - Systolic flutter of the mitral valve.
AB  - Systolic flutter of the mitral valve was observed in 11 cases during the past 3
      1/2 years. All patients had mitral regurgitation due to mitral valve prolapse or
      flail leaflets, and nine of the 11 (82%) had prior or concurrent bacterial
      endocarditis. Systolic flutter is uncommon in the absence of endocarditis and was
      observed in only two of 15 patients (13%) with proven chordae tendinae or
      papillary muscle rupture without historical and pathological evidence of
      infection involving the mitral valve. Systolic flutter was also not seen in a
      large number of patients with mitral regurgitation due to other causes. It is
      postulated that the regurgitation jet of blood across the edge of a structurally
      abnormal but flexible mitral leaflet is important for the development of flutter.

PMID- 676976
TI  - The management of anticoagulation during noncardiac operations in patients with
      prosthetic heart valves. A prospective study.
AB  - Based on previous thromboembolic complications associated with the interruption
      of anticoagulation during subsequent noncardiac operations in patients with
      nonbiological mitral prostheses, a protocol was developed for this high risk
      group. We report the successful management of 26 such operations in which
      anticoagulation was interrupted for 12 hours and then rapidly restored by means
      of heparin in the postoperative period. Since an earlier study suggested no
      adverse effect from the interruption of chronic anticoagulants for three to five
      days among patients with isolated aortic valve prostheses, simple interruption
      was again employed during 16 subsequent noncardiac operative procedures in this
      group with no complications. There were three episodes of hemorrhage observed in
      patients receiving therapeutic doses of heparin postoperatively, but only one
      required blood replacement.

PMID- 676977
TI  - Organized left atrial mural thrombus demonstrated by coronary angiography.
AB  - Small coronary artery fistulas terminating at the site of adherent, organized
      mural thrombi in the left atrial appendage were observed during selective
      coronary angiography in patients with mitral stenosis. The angiographic features
      of this abnormality can be distinguished from those of cardiac tumors, vascular
      malformations, and coronary artery fistulas that are not associated with
      organized thrombus. This coronary angiographic abnormality may indicate the
      presence of left atrial thrombus that is not revealed by echocardiography and is
      not manifest clinically by systemic emboli. The size of the collection of
      radiographic contrast material in the left atrium is not proportional to the size
      of the thrombus.

PMID- 676978
TI  - Idiopathic familial myocardiopathy in three generations: a clinical and
      pathologic study.
AB  - A peculiar non-hypertrophic myocardiopathy is described which occurred in three
      and possibly five generations of a single family. Clinical features included
      systolic murmurs, electrocardiographic abnormalities, and sudden cardiac death
      with a paucity of symptoms of cardiac dysfunction. Pathological studies in three
      generations showed a striking similarity of cardiac findings including globular
      and dilated ventricles, endocardial fibroelastosis, and mitral valve thickening.
      Myocardium in two showed basophilic degeneration and fibrosis. A retrospective
      genealogic analysis and a prospective clinical evaluation of living family
      members suggested an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance with variable
      penetrance. The cause of this heritable myocardiopathy is presumably a mutant
      gene; the biochemical defect to which the mutant gene gives rise remains unknown.

PMID- 676979
TI  - Occurrence and significance of echocardiographically demonstrated tricuspid valve
      prolapse.
AB  - Echocardiograms from 562 patients were examined for evidence of the pattern of
      tricuspid valve prolapse. Criteria for the diagnosis can be established similar
      to those applicable to mitral prolapse. In 500 consecutive patients without
      mitral valve prolapse, there were no cases of isolated tricuspid valve prolapse.
      Eleven of 53 (21%) patients with mitral valve prolapse also had tricuspid valve
      prolapse. Four of six (67%) patients with Marfan's syndrome and mitral valve
      prolapse also had tricuspid valve prolapse. The occurrence of this
      echocardiographic pattern as an isolated finding as well as associated with
      mitral valve prolapse was significantly less than previous angiographic reports.
      Patients with both these findings tended to be older than those with mitral valve
      prolapse alone, but clinically differed in no other way. Use of standardized
      technique can minimize errors in diagnosis.

PMID- 676980
TI  - Rapid, sensitive detection of myoglobulinemia by improved
      counterimmunoelectrophoresis in cases of acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - A counterimmunoelectrophoresis technique for detection of serum myoglobin (Mb)
      was improved using non-ionic polymer dextran. Precipitin lines were graded
      according to their strength, which was ascertained by radioimmunoassay data. By
      this method, serum Mb in concentrations of 500 ng./ml. before stain and of 200
      ng./ml. after stain were detected. Electrophoretic time was 60 minutes. Among 32
      cases of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) whose blood samples were collected
      within 24 hours after disease onset, precipitin lines were detected in 25 cases
      (78%) before stain and 31 cases (97%) after stain. Considering the early peak
      concentration time (approximately 10 hours) of serum Mb after AMI onset,
      diagnosis becomes more rapid and exact with this method, especially in severe
      cases.

PMID- 676981
TI  - The importance of R on T phenomenon.
AB  - The onset of ventricular tachycardia was examined in 44 patients with various
      types of heart disease. In only six patients (14%) the ventricular tachycardia
      was initiated by an ectopic ventricular complex interrupting the T wave. The
      findiings suggest that the importance of R on T phenomenon may have been over
      emphasized.

PMID- 676982
TI  - Peripheral hemodynamics in anephric patients with hypertension.

PMID- 676983
TI  - Antihypertensive effect of cardiovascular Ca2+-antagonist in hypertensive
      patients in the absence and presence of beta-adrenergic blockade.

PMID- 676984
TI  - Electrophysiologic-histologic correlation of the cardiac specialized conduction
      system in two cases of single ventricle and levotransposition of the great
      arteries.

PMID- 676985
TI  - Pleural effusion as a manifestation of Dressler's syndrome in the distant post
      infection period.
AB  - A 65-year-old woman developed a bloody pleural effusion 2-1/2 years after the
      onset of Dressler's syndrome. Since an extensive evaluation failed to reveal a
      specific etiology, the effusion was presumed to be a manifestation of Dressler's
      syndrome. Because of the therapeutic implications involved, we are reporting this
      case to emphasize that pleural effusions may occur as a manifestation of
      Dressler's Syndrome in the distant post-infarction period.

PMID- 676986
TI  - Hypertension and the cerebral circulation--its relevance to the elderly.

PMID- 676987
TI  - Hypertension and the cerebral circulation--its relevance to the elderly.

PMID- 676988
TI  - Of the myocardium and myotonia atrophica (dystrophica myotonia).

PMID- 676989
TI  - Mutton's law.

PMID- 676990
TI  - Diagnosing magnesium deficiency.

PMID- 676991
TI  - Steroids in myocardial disease.

PMID- 676992
TI  - Exaggerated impedance waveform - a noninvasive assist.

PMID- 676993
TI  - Sensing the cardiac electrogram.

PMID- 676994
TI  - Ischemic myocardial disease and alterations in the ECG.

PMID- 676995
TI  - The O-point and diastolic impedance waveform.

PMID- 676996
TI  - Camphorated oil: too much benign neglect.

PMID- 676997
TI  - He's the crusader's crusader ... and camphorated oil is his cause.

PMID- 676998
TI  - Drug therapy in the elderly: is it all it could be?

PMID- 676999
TI  - Needed: a comprehensive drug benefit for the elderly.

PMID- 677000
TI  - The food/drug connection in elderly patients.

PMID- 677001
TI  - Drug misuse in the elderly: those hurt most are least able to prevent it.

PMID- 677002
TI  - Selection of target markets.

PMID- 677003
TI  - Death and liquid protein.

PMID- 677004
TI  - Turning techniques of silence into methods of dialogue. Last in a series.

PMID- 677005
TI  - Saccharin: the debate continues.

PMID- 677006
TI  - Family practice: the quiet revolution.

PMID- 677007
TI  - FDA's Kennedy: the visible commissioner.

PMID- 677008
TI  - The saga of Encare Oval: an FDA advisory panel at work.

PMID- 677009
TI  - Kennedy responds to Dorsen Pane's critique.

PMID- 677010
TI  - PCP: White House caution vs. senatorial ire.

PMID- 677011
TI  - What the public thinks about health care... according to Harris.

PMID- 677012
TI  - Literacy is the medium of the message.

PMID- 677013
TI  - When attacked, rely on 'clout'.

PMID- 677014
TI  - Criteria for the evaluation of methods for the collection of organic pollutants
      in air using solid sorbents.
AB  - A small tube containing a solid sorbent is convenient to use for collecting and
      concentrating trace organics in ambient air and worker breathing zones. Many
      techniques for air sampling with solid sorbents, especially for the long term
      eight hour sample, are relatively new. It is necessary to have criteria to judge
      methods utilizing these techniques and to establish guidelines which are accurate
      and practical. Parameters which affect collection and recovery and information
      necessary to define, develop and evaluate a sampling method are discussed.
      Progressive steps for the development and validation of air sampling methods are
      recommended.

PMID- 677015
TI  - Fiber counting: a source of error corrected.
AB  - Optical counting of fibers (from a filter sample of industrial air, for example)
      involves determining how many fibers are within counting fields which are squares
      of side lengths. It is correct to count all those fibers which are completely
      within the field and half of those which intersect only one side. It is shown
      here to be incorrect to count half those fibers which intersect two sides; the
      magnitude of this error is calculated, the calculations being verified through a
      Monte Carlo simulation. The fractional overcount for fibers of length L less than
      or equal to s is (L/s)2/2pi.

PMID- 677016
TI  - Dust levels and particle-size distributions in high-capacity cotton gins.
AB  - Dust samples were collected inside high-capacity cotton gins with the personal,
      stationary personal, and the vertical elutriator cotton dust samplers. Dust
      particles collected on the filters were sized with a particle measurement
      computer system. Particle-distribution data revealed that gin dust contains a
      high percentage of dust particles larger than 20 micrometers in diameter.

PMID- 677017
TI  - Microenvironmental exposure to mercury vapor.
AB  - Work area and breathing zone samples were collected in a factory utilizing
      metallic mercury and analyzed for mercury vapor content. Breathing zone samples
      averaged several fold higher in concentration than concurrent area samples,
      reflecting a "microenvironmental" exposure to mercury vapor, presumably from
      contaminated clothing and hands. Blood and corrected total urine mercury values
      correlated well with the average microenvironmental exposure level for each
      worker. Measurements of unbound mercury in urine samples were sensitive at
      picking up minimal exposures. Excessive amounts of unbound mercury were not found
      in the urine, even with wide day-to-day swings in microenvironmental mercury
      vapor levels, suggesting that the human body can adapt to a chronic, moderate
      exposure to mercury vapor.

PMID- 677018
TI  - Sampling for organic chemicals in workplace atmospheres with porous polymer
      beads.
AB  - Porous polymer bead collection columns are frequently used in air pollution
      measurements. They are also useful for industrial hygiene applications when used
      with miniature personal pumps. Analytical procedures using this type of
      collection column are described which use thermal desorption for sample recovery
      followed by GC or GC/MS analysis. A means is shown to modify a gas chromatograph
      for this type of analysis. A technique which permits splitting of the collected
      sample is also described. Precision and accuracy data for recovery of nineteen
      chemicals are presented. Advantages of porous polymer bead procedures include
      high sensitivity (the total collected sample is analyzed), ease of sample
      handling and ability to analyze polar materials not recoverable from charcoal.

PMID- 677019
TI  - Pulmonary pathology from inhalation of a complex mineral oil mist in dogs, rats,
      mice and gerbils.
AB  - Dogs, rats, mice, and gerbils were exposed for 6 hours per day, 5 days per week,
      for periods up to 2 years, to an atmosphere containing a complex mineral oil-base
      mist at concentrations of 5 and 100 mg/M3. The mass median diameter of the oil
      droplets was approximately that  found in textile plants ( approximately 1.0 mu).
      In addition, these test atmospheres contained 1000 ppm acetone,an acetate fiber
      solvent, in order to simulate fiber plant conditions. Evidence of oil mist was
      detectable within lung macrophages of all species tested and at both
      concentrations. Only at the higher concentration (100 mg/M3),, in dogs and rats,
      but not in mice and gerbils, was a retention of oil of such a magnitude so as to
      result in the development of oil microgranulomas. Rats given a 10-month recovery
      period following 12 months of exposure did not completely recover from the oil
      microgranuloma. These results indicate that the presence of typical textile fiber
      adjuvants in mineral oil and the concurrent presence of 1000 ppm acetone in the
      atmosphere do not significantly alter the inhalation toxicity of pure white
      mineral oil mist.

PMID- 677020
TI  - The inertial behavior of fibers.
AB  - The inertial deposition is given considerable credit in the deposition of inhaled
      particulate matter in the upper respiratory tract. A determination of the
      parameters governing the impaction of fibers must be the basis of evaluating the
      role of impaction in the respirability of fibrous dusts. The study reported here
      describes an experimental method of defining the inertial behavior of fibers. The
      results of the experiments show that the aspect ratio of the fibers plays a much
      more important role than hitherto considered. The results of the experimental
      work gave an empirical mathematical model for the prediction of the impaction of
      fibers from the physical properties of fibers such as density, fiber diameters
      and aspect ratio. In addition an equivalent diameter based on inertial properties
      of the fiber is developed.

PMID- 677021
TI  - An evaluation of ultraviolet radiation personnel hazards from selected 400-watt
      high intensity discharge lamps.
AB  - A study of selected mercury and multi-vapor lamps, commonly used for working
      environment illumination, was underta ken to evaluate the scope of the
      ultraviolet personnel hazards one may expect under various operating conditions
      of the lamps. Spectral irradiance measurements were made for operating conditions
      with and without reflector-type luminaires, glass covers on luminaries and outer
      glass bulbs on the lamps.

PMID- 677022
TI  - Effect of magnitude, direction of hand-movement and plane angle on reach time.

PMID- 677023
TI  - Respiratory responses of coal miners for use with mechanical simulators.

PMID- 677024
TI  - Congenital aortic stenosis secondary to dysplasia of congenital bicuspid aortic
      valves without commissural fusion.
AB  - The hearts of nine children with clinical evidence of congenital valve stenosis
      and a congenital bicuspid aortic valve were reviewed. Aortic stenosis was
      diagnosed on the basis of cardiac catheterization data in four patients,
      operative findings in two and auscultatory findings in three. The patients were 1
      month to 9 years old; six were male and three female. In each patient the two
      commissures of the valve were free to the aortic wall. The cusps were thickened,
      rolled and redundant; microscopic studies revealed that they consisted of
      immature loose connective tissue consistent with a dysplastic or incompletely
      differentiated valve. The valve orifice was obstructed by the dysplastic cusps,
      and dysplastic changes rather than the commissural fusion were responsible for
      the observed aortic stenosis. These valves do not appear amenable to valvotomy
      because obstruction is due to the abnormal valve tissue. These findings may
      explain the occasional poor results of valvotomy in infants and children with
      congenital aortic valve stenosis.

PMID- 677025
TI  - Echocardiographic features of total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage into the
      coronary sinus.
AB  - Echocardiograms were obtained from five infants with total anomalous pulmonary
      venous drainage to the coronary sinus or the portal system or the superior vena
      cava and from one child with a secundum atrial septal defect and a large coronary
      sinus due to persistence of the left superior vena cava. The results demonstrate
      that an enlarged coronary sinus is positioned consistently posterior to the left
      atrium in approximately the same horizontal plane as the aortic valve.
      Echocardiographically the coronary sinus can be located as an echo complex behind
      the left atrium by using the aortic root as a reference point. The echo complex
      can be differentiated from the other spurious echoes in the left atrium by its
      characteristic phasic motions. The additional demonstration of the enlarged
      common pulmonary venous chamber behind the right atrium confirms the diagnosis of
      anomalous pulmonary venous drainage to the coronary sinus. For other types of
      anomalous pulmonary venous return, anatomic diagnosis with single crystal M mode
      echocardiography is not always possible because of the positional variability of
      the common pulmonary venous chamber in relation to the left atrium.

PMID- 677026
TI  - Death from ischemic heart disease in young Finns aged 15 to 24 years.

PMID- 677027
TI  - Remission of clinical angina pectoris: the Framingham study.
AB  - The anginal status of the Framingham cohort was ascertained in a uniform manner
      during 20 years of follow-up studies. There were 74 men and 84 women with newly
      acquired angina that was not complicated with other manifestations of coronary
      heart disease. Remission of new angina pectoris for at least 2 years occurred in
      32 percent of the men and 44 percent of the women. In angina that had persisted
      for several years, the subsequent remission rates were lower (14 percent for men
      and 19 percent for women). The similarity of coronary risk attributes of subjects
      with transient or persistent angina supports the hypothesis that both conditions
      may be true manifestations of coronary artery disease. Persistence of symptoms
      seems to indicate a more severe form of the disease characterized by nonspecific
      S-T segment or T wave abnormalities. It is associated with a greater incidence of
      myocardial infarction and death than in subjects with transient angina. The
      generally high remission rates must be taken into account in considering drastic
      surgical or medical remedies for clinical angina pectoris. Also, other possible
      causes for the chest pain should be sought.

PMID- 677028
TI  - Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of digoxin capsules, solution and tablets
      after single and multiple doses.

PMID- 677029
TI  - Three cases of hypotension and syncope with ventricular pacing: possible role of
      atrial reflexes.
AB  - Hypotension with lightheadedness and near syncope occurred in three patients
      during effective ventricular pacing. Hemodynamic studies demonstrated a decrease
      in cardiac output ranging from almost no decrease to 15 percent, presumably
      related to the loss of effective atrial contraction. The decrease in output was
      too small to explain by itself the reduced blood pressure, which resulted from
      paradoxic reduction of total peripheral resistance in one patient and from
      failure of resistance to increase in two. Baroceptor reflexes (Valsalva response)
      were normal in all three patients; hence it is suggested that the failure of
      compensatory increases in total peripheral resistance may be due to a reflex from
      the sudden atrial distension that occurs during atrioventricular (A-V)
      dissociation. The fluctuations in arterial pressure during ventricular pacing
      were synchronous with the appearance of cannon waves in the right atrial pressure
      tracing. Arterial pressure during A-V dissociation thus appears to be balanced by
      two opposite reflexes: the baroceptor reflex, which attempts to compensate for
      reduction in output, and atrial distension, which reduces peripheral resistance.

PMID- 677030
TI  - Cardiac sarcoidosis. Diagnosis with endomyocardial biopsy and treatment with
      corticosteroids.
AB  - A 27 year old woman was hospitalized for progressive dyspnea, fatigue and
      retrosternal chest pain. She had progressive cardiac enlargement with clinical
      and laboratory confirmation of a dilated cardiomyopathy. Transvenous percutaneous
      right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy yielded a specimen showing a noncaseating
      granuloma. The patient's dyspnea responded dramatically to steroid therapy with
      corresponding improvement in radiographic and echographic measures of ventricular
      performance. This case illustrates the problem of diagnosing cardiac sarcoidosis
      when there is no apparent evidence of other organ involvement.

PMID- 677031
TI  - Lack of connection between the atria and the peripheral conduction system in a
      case of corrected transposition with congenital atrioventricular block.
AB  - This is the first documented histologic study of the heart of a patient with
      corrected transposition of the great vessels and congenital atrioventricular (A
      V) block with no connection between the atria and an anterior type of peripheral
      conduction system. Musculature in the superior (anterior) walls of both atria was
      absent, as was the anterior A-V node. The peripheral conduction system began with
      the bundle of His. In place of the absent atrial musculature, fibrosis and
      calcification were present. The relation of laboratory evidence of connective
      tissue dyscrasia in the mother to the congenital A-V block in the child is
      discussed.

PMID- 677032
TI  - Comparison of S-T segment changes on exercise testing with angiographic findings
      in patients with prior myocardial infarction.
AB  - Ninety-seven patients with a prior transmural myocardial infarction who underwent
      coronary angiography and treadmill stress testing were studied retrospectively to
      assess the reliability of the exercise electrocardiogram in detecting additional
      disease in patients with a prior infarction. In patients with a previous inferior
      wall infarction, the S-T response to the treadmill stress test had a high degree
      of sensitivity (87 percent) and specificity (90 percent) in detecting additional
      significant coronary artery disease. However, in patients with a previous
      anteroseptal wall infarction, the S-T response had much less sensitivity (52
      percent), but the degree of specificity remained high (90 percent). In this group
      a positive test suggested the presence of ischemia in the lateral or
      inferoposterior region of the myocardium, or both. A negative S-T response was of
      little value in distinguishing among groups of patients with single or multiple
      vessel coronary artery disease. The presence of an anterior ventricular aneurysm
      is most likely responsible for this low sensitivity rate because it generates an
      opposing force to the ischemic vector, thereby cancelling the S-T segment changes
      and producing a false negative treadmill stress test. The resting surface
      electrocardiogram proved useful in predicting a false negative exercise test. The
      presence of Q waves in the precordial leads extending to lead V4 or beyond
      decreased the sensitivity rate of treadmill stress testing to 33 percent.

PMID- 677033
TI  - The 20th anniversary; The American Journal of Cardiology.

PMID- 677034
TI  - Is the treadmill exercise test useful for evaluating coronary artery disease in
      patients with complete left bundle branch block?
AB  - To aid in the study of coronary artery disease, 57 patients with complete left
      bundle branch block underwent clinical evaluation, treadmill exercise testing and
      cardiac catheterization. The patients were classified into two groups according
      to coronary angiographic findings: 30 patients with significant stenosis (70
      percent or greater luminal narrowing) of at least one major vessel and 27 with no
      significant coronary artery disease. There was no difference in age, presenting
      symptoms or previous medical treatment between the two groups. There were more
      men in the group with coronary artery disease. Exercise-induced S-T changes were
      similar in the two groups; the sensitivity and specificity of these changes for
      the diagnosis of coronary artery disease were unacceptable irrespective of the
      criterion chosen. With additional S-T depression of either 1 or 2 mm below the
      baseline value, the predictive accuracy was only 53 percent. Combined exertional
      chest pain and 1 mm S-T depression increased the predictive accuracy of exercise
      testing to 71 percent. These data indicate that exercise-induced
      electrocardiographic changes do not facilitate detection of coronary artery
      disease in patients with complete left bundle branch block.

PMID- 677035
TI  - Coronary artery disease in young women: clinical and angiographic features and
      correlation with risk factors.
AB  - Coronary arteriography was performed because of suspected coronary disease in 239
      women less than 45 years of age. Normal coronary arteries were found in 112
      women, and a further 23 had insignificant stenosis (less than 50 percent
      narrowing of luminal diameter). Of the remaining 104 women, 56 had one vessel, 22
      two vessel and 26 three vessel disease. Hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes,
      smoking and a family history of coronary disease were significantly more frequent
      in women with significant stenosis than in women with normal arteries.
      Significant coronary disease was found in 55 percent (100 of 182) of women with
      more than two risk factors but in only 7 percent (4 of 57) of those with less
      than two risk factors (P less than 0.0001). Evaluation of symptoms and the
      resting electrocardiogram also discriminated between women with and without
      coronary disease, but exercise testing was of little value. Only 4 of the 46
      women with previous myocardial infarction had normal or near-normal coronary
      arteries. Among women with segmental wall motion abnormalities on
      ventriculography, the site was anterior in 90 percent (19 of 21) of women who
      used oral contraceptive drugs but in only 60 percent (21 of 35) of nonusers (P
      less than 0.05). However, in most respects, coronary artery disease in young
      women does not appear to differ from coronary disease in other patients.

PMID- 677036
TI  - Nonobstructive coronary thrombosis in sudden cardiac death.
AB  - Careful histologic studies were performed on the coronary arteries, myocardium
      and conduction system of the hearts of six men aged 32 to 44 years who died
      suddenly with no history of heart disease. All six hearts demonstrated coronary
      atherosclerosis without evidence of complete obstruction or myocardial
      infarction. A nonobstructing mural coronary thrombus was found in all six hearts;
      in four, the thrombus was located in the left anterior descending coronary
      artery. Distal microthrombi were found in four hearts. In these six men, the
      terminal event, often a ventricular arrhythmia, may have been related to the
      mural coronary thrombus. Small fragments originating from such lesions can
      obstruct the microcirculation producing sudden lethal arrhythmias. Nonobstructing
      mural coronary thrombosis may be more prevalent and more significant than
      previously suspected and should be considered in cases of sudden cardiac death.

PMID- 677037
TI  - Rapid changes in left ventricular dimensions and mass in response to physical
      conditioning and deconditioning.

PMID- 677038
TI  - Association of left dominant coronary arterial system with congenital bicuspid
      aortic valve.
AB  - Clinical angiographic studies have documented an association of left dominance of
      the coronary arteries with aortic stenosis and congenital bicuspid aortic valve.
      The postmortem arteriograms of 973 autopsy patients were reviewed for pattern of
      coronary dominance and the hearts examined for the nature of any aortic valve
      disease. There were 673 hearts (70 percent) with a right dominant pattern, 198
      (20 percent) with equal dominance and 102 (10 percent) with left dominance. Of 34
      hearts with congenital bicuspid aortic valve, 10 (29 percent) had left dominance,
      a difference significant at the 0.005 level. Of 44 hearts with calcific aortic
      stenosis, an acquired valve lesion, 9 (20 percent) had left dominance. Rheumatic
      aortic valve disease (47 cases) and aortic regurgitation (27 cases) had no
      apparent relation to the coronary arterial pattern. The results confirm the
      association of left coronary arterial dominance with congenital bicuspid aortic
      valve. It is suggested that a left dominant coronary system may arise as a
      consequence of disproportionately decreased blood flow in the left heart
      chambers, one cause of which is aortic valve stenosis, during early
      cardiogenesis.

PMID- 677040
TI  - Effects of tocainide on ventricular fibrillation threshold. Comparison with
      lidocaine.

PMID- 677039
TI  - Radioautographic studies in experimental myocardial infarction: profiles of
      ischemic blood flow and quantification of infarct size in relation to magnitude
      of ischemic zone.

PMID- 677041
TI  - Problems in ultrasonic estimates of septal thickness.
AB  - Problems related to cardiac anatomy and ultrasonic instrumentation affect the
      accuracy of echographic identification of endocardial echoes. A cadaver model and
      13 patients were studied, with direct identification or with the aid of
      echographic contrast techniques, to identify accurately the endocardial echo. The
      study showed that (1) echographic contrast agents delineate an endocardial echo
      in the central portion of the ultransonic beam; (2) a specular reflector exists
      within the right ventricular cavity; (3) specular reflectors within the septum
      may give the false appearance of border-forming echoes; (4) septal thickness
      varies by 1 to 5 mm after the endocardial echo has been identified by the
      contrast agent; and (5) spurious echoes, related to a wide beam angle, can be
      confused with the endocardial echo. In light of these problems, three criteria
      were utilized for endocardial echo identification: the prominent notch in the
      left septal echo, the specular quality of the right septal echo, and the
      association of multiple myocardial echoes moving in parallel. With these
      criteria, the endocardial echoes in 11 of the 13 patients could be accurately
      identified without the use of a contrast agent. The identification of these
      problems should provide helpful guidelines in developing more accurate and
      reproducible criteria for septal thickness measurements.

PMID- 677042
TI  - Cerebrovascular abnormalities in postoperative coarctation of aorta. Four cases
      demonstrating left subclavian steal on aortography.
AB  - Fifteen children, aged 0.3 to 10.5 years (mean 3.8 years) after repair of
      coarctation of the aorta, underwent cerebral arteriography as part of
      postoperative catheterization. Four manifested central nervous system symptoms
      postoperative catheterization. Four manifested central nervous system symptoms
      postoperatively: Two had persistent headaches, one had exercise-induced
      hemianopsia and one had major motor seizures. All four had greater blood pressure
      in the right arm than in the left and evidence of subclavian steal, with
      retrograde filling of the left vertebral and left subclavian arteries on
      selective right vertebral arteriography. Ligation of the left vertebral artery in
      three patients and left subclavian graft arterioplasty in one resulted in
      disappearance of symptoms. None of the 11 asymptomatic patients manifested
      cerebrovascular anomalies, and no patient in the series had berry aneurysm. This
      study suggests that patients with central nervous system symptoms and a disparity
      of blood pressure in the arms after surgery for coarctation of the aorta should
      be evaluated carefully to exclude subclavian steal as the cause of the symptoms.

PMID- 677043
TI  - Evidence of a role for cell death in the disappearance of the embryonic human
      tail.
AB  - The development and disappearance of the human tail between stages 14 and 22 were
      studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, supravital staining
      and light microscopy. The tail is a prominent feature of the human embryo during
      stage 14 and is composed of paired somites, mesenchyme and extensions of the
      neural tube, notochord and gut. The tail grows with the embryo through early
      stage 17 when it extends more than a millimeter from the trunk. Overgrowth by the
      trunk at the base of the tail may account for the loss of part of its length
      during late stage 17 and stage 18. However, during stage 17 cells begin to die in
      all structures throughout the tail. Cell death continues in the succeeding stages
      reaching massive numbers by stages 18 and 19, and the tail becomes less and less
      prominent with developmental time. Most of the dead cells are phagocytosed. The
      debris-laden macrophages appear to migrate from the tail to the body. By late
      stage 21 or early stage 22 there is no free tail. We conclude that cell death has
      a major role in the destruction of tail structures and the concurrent loss of the
      human tail.

PMID- 677044
TI  - Effect of vitamin A and methylprednisolone on canine prostate in organ culture.
AB  - Organ explants from the canine prostate with and without methylprednisolone
      pretreatment were cultivated for ten days in Trowell's T-8 medium or medium
      supplemented with testosterone and/or vitamin A. Upon termination of the
      experiments, explants were fixed and examined histologically. All glands from the
      most central section of each explant were graded according to epithelial type,
      and from these grades the proportion of acini with maintained columnar cells was
      calculated for each explant. Stromal cellular maintenance was also estimated.
      While a small proportion of explants from the vitamin-treated and
      methylprednisolone-pretreated groups showed epithelial maintenance, a combination
      of these treatments significantly increased such maintenance. Stromal maintenance
      was enhanced with methylprednisolone pretreatment but not by vitamin A. These
      results are in accord with the hypothesis that methylprednisolone acts to
      stabilize the lysosomal membrane, thus protecting tissue against the effects of
      ischemic shock. In protected explants vitamin A is able to maintain a columnar
      glandular epithelium. In a subsequent experiment a series of linoleic acid
      dosages was tested in the presence or absence of vitamin A. In neither case was
      this fatty acid of value in improving epithelial or stromal maintenance.

PMID- 677045
TI  - A freeze-fracture study of exocytosis and reflexive gap junctions in human
      ovarian decidual cells.
AB  - Fine-structural features of ovarian decidual cells and their mode of secretion
      were examined by means of freeze-fracture microscopy. Unique cortical peduncular
      processes contained secretory vesicles within the expanded peduncle tip, the
      membrane-leaflets of which exhibited a particle-poor E face adjacent to the
      vesicle lumen and a P face containing a greater particle number. Exocytosis from
      attached peduncles involved release of vesicular profiles 40-55 nm in diameter;
      small particles 8.5-11.5 nm in diameter were also observed at degranulation
      sites. In fractures revealing the E face of the plasmalemma, cytoplasmic portals
      at the bases of peduncular stalks were distinguishable from endocytic vesicles.
      The frequent occurrence of reflexive gap junctions associated with peduncles was
      shown by freeze-fracture. However, there appeared to be no consistent spatial
      relationship between gap junctions, secretory peduncles, or sites of exocytosis.
      Freeze-fracture analysis of the topography of reflexive gap junctional profiles
      revealed that such gap junctions share basic similarities with intercellular gap
      jum particle-free aisles. The finding in the present study of reflexive gap
      junctions occurring between peduncles and the cell soma, as well as between
      peduncles, suggests that the original definitiof the same cell should be
      broadened to include any gap junctional specialization formed between portions of
      the plasma membrane of one cell.

PMID- 677046
TI  - The annular hematoma of the shrew yolk-sac placenta.
AB  - The annular hematoma of the shrew, Blarina brevicauda, is a specialized portion
      of the yolk-sac wall. In this study, we have examined the fine structure of the
      different cellular components of the anular hematoma. Small pieces of the
      gestation sacs from seven pregnant shrews were fixed in glutaraldehyde and osmium
      tetroxide and processed for transmission electron microscopy. In the area of the
      trophoblastic curtain, the maternal capillary endothelial cells were
      hypertrophied and syncytial trophoblast surrounded the capillaries. Cellular
      trophoblast covered part of the luminal surface of the curtain region, whereas
      masses of apparently degenerating syncytium were present on other areas of the
      surface. Maternal erythrocytes, released into the uterine lumen from the curtain
      region, were phagocytized and degraded by the columnar cells of the trophoblastic
      annulus. No evidence of iron or pigment accumulation was evident in the parietal
      endodermal cells underlying the annular trophoblast. Parietal endodermal cells
      were characterized by cuboidal shape, widely dilated intercellular spaces, and
      cytoplasm containing granular endoplasmic reticulum. Endodermal cells of the
      visceral yolk-sac accumulated large numbers of electron-dense granules as well as
      glycogen in their cytoplasm. Hemopoietic areas and vitelline capillaries were
      found subjacent to the visceral endoderm. The various portions of the yolk-sac
      wall of Blarina appear to perform complementary functions which are probably
      important in maternal-fetal iron transfer.

PMID- 677047
TI  - Decidual cells in the human ovary at term. I. Incidence, gross anatomy and
      ultrastructural features of merocrine secretion.
AB  - Decidual tissue occurring within the human ovarian cortex was examined by light
      and electron microscopy. Of 21 ovarian specimens obtained at term (36-42 weeks of
      gestation), decidual cells were confirmed in each. Decidual cells were found
      within the tunica albuginea as single cells, in nodules, in polyps or in
      confluent sheets. Decidual cells exhibited several characteristics of cells
      engaged in secretory activity: abundant rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum,
      numerous profiles of the Golgi complex and a large, euchromatic nucleus devoid of
      heterochromatin and displaying a prominent fibrous lamina. Peduncular protrusions
      at the periphery of the cell contained numerous dense bodies 0.4-0.9 micron in
      diameter. These dense bodies were bounded by a single membrane and contained
      granular subunits 30-60 nm in diameter. These granular subunits were observed in
      the process of apparent exocytosis, as well as free in the extracellular space.
      Secretory bodies and their granular content also were observed both in the region
      of the Golgi complex and partially extruded into peduncular processes. By far the
      greatest number of secretory bodies occurred within peduncular processes where
      they may be stored prior to release. Migration of a secretory body into a
      peduncular process and exocytosis from such a process appears to be an unusual
      mode of meocrine secretion, perhaps unique to decidual cells.

PMID- 677048
TI  - A freeze-fracture study of the topographic relationship between inner enamel
      secretory ameloblasts in the rat incisor.

PMID- 677049
TI  - Synthesis and migration of glycoproteins in cells of the rat thymus, as shown by
      radioautography after 3H-fucose injection.
AB  - Young male rats received a single intravenous injection of 3H-fucose and were
      killed after various time-intervals. Light- and electron-microscopic
      radioautographic studies of the thymus in animals killed shortly after injection
      showed that all of the different cell types present incorporated 3H-fucose label.
      The heaviest uptake occurred in macrophages and in hypertrophic epithelial cells
      located near the cortico-medullary border. Somewhat lighter incorporation was
      observed in medullary and cortical stellate epithelial cells and in cells
      designated as special cells, while the lightest reaction appeared over
      lymphocytes. In all cells the label was localized initially to the Golgi
      apparatus, where, presumably, it was incorporated into glycoproteins. With time,
      some of the labeled putative glycoproteins in all cell types migrated to the
      plasma membrane. In macrophages, much of the label migrated to lysosomal bodies,
      while in the special cells the label migrated to dense bodies which may also be
      of lysosomal nature. In stellate and hypertrophic epithelial cells much of the
      label migrated to characteristic vacuoles. The possible relationship between the
      observed glycoprotein synthesis in these cells and hormone production is
      discussed.

PMID- 677050
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization of thyroglobulin in the endostyle of the
      anadromous sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus L.
AB  - Thyroglobulin (TG) was localized in the endostyle of the anadromous sea lamprey,
      Petromyzon marinus L. by means of the unlabeled antibody peroxidase
      antiperoxidase immunocytochemical method. TG was found localized on the apical
      surface and within the cytoplasm of type 2c and 3 cells and in some type 5 cells.
      By identifying the cells of the endostyle immunocytochemically it may be possible
      to study more readily the events of endostylar transformation during
      metamorphosis.

PMID- 677051
TI  - The distribution and mobility of anionic sites on the brush border of intestinal
      absorptive cells.

PMID- 677052
TI  - Effects of steroids and gonadotropins on follicular development in the
      hypophysectomized hamster.

PMID- 677053
TI  - Dendritic atrophy in the dentate gyrus of the senescent rat.
AB  - Quantitative electron microscopic analysis of the supragranular zone of the
      dentate gyrus molecular layer has shown that the number, volume fraction and
      surface area of dendritic shaft profiles are significantly decreased in senescent
      rats, relative to young adults. These modifications of dendritic morphology,
      which are not associated with age-related changes in dimensions of the molecular
      layer or in numbers of granule cells, may result from a decrease in the number
      and/or length of dendrites. In either case, the decreases in the number, volume
      fraction and surface area of dendritic shaft profiles found in the dentate gyrus
      of senescent rats signify an age-related atrophy of dendrites. Comparison of
      changes in the number and volume fraction of dendritic shaft profiles has
      demonstrated that age-related dendritic atrophy involves predominantly dendritic
      branches.

PMID- 677054
TI  - Evidence for a relationship between lymphoid cells and osteoclasts: bone
      resorption restored in ia (osteopetrotic) rats by lymphocytes, monocytes and
      macrophages from a normal littermate.

PMID- 677055
TI  - Electron microscopic observations of vaginal development in untreated and
      neonatally estrogenized Balb/c Crgl mice.

PMID- 677056
TI  - Morphological changes in isolated lymphocytes during preparation for SEM: freeze
      drying versus critical-point drying.
AB  - A quantitative comparison of isolated lymphocytes prepared for SEM by the
      critical-point drying (CPD) and freeze drying (FD) methods revealed that the mean
      cellular diameter dropped from 7.9 micron after fixation to a final diameter 6.9
      micron after FD, and to 5.7 micron after CPD. In addition to their larger sizes,
      FD lymphocytes were immediately distinguishable by their more complex surfaces,
      featuring wider microvilli which often emanated from ridges on the cell surface
      and branched extensively near their bases. The mean width of microvilli was 0.22
      micron after FD and 0.12 micron after CPD. The number of microvilli per cell was
      essentially the same by the two methods. In view of these findings, a critical
      comparison of the CPD and FD methods using the particular cells or tissue to be
      investigated is an essential prelude to a rigorous SEM study.

PMID- 677057
TI  - Synthesis and secretion of glycoprotein in rat bulbo-urethral (Cowper's) glands.
      II. Modes of mucus secretion after stimulation by copulation.

PMID- 677058
TI  - Myology of the shoulder of Pontoporia blainvillei, including a review of the
      literature on shoulder morphology in the cetacea.
AB  - The purpose of this paper is to describe in detail the shoulder myology of the La
      Plata River Dolphin, Pontoporia blainvillei, and to review the literature on
      cetacean shoulder myology. Three fetal and one adult animal were used for the
      collection of morphological information. Pontoporia is less specialized in its
      shoulder anatomy that most delphinid cetaceans, and shares several
      characteristics with some mysticetes. The omohyoid and anterior serratus anterior
      muscles are found in both Pontoporia and the mysticete Balaenoptera, but are
      absent in most delphinids. The pectoralis abdominalis and three rhomboideus
      divisions are found in Pontoporia and Kogia, but in only a few delphinid species
      described in the literature. It is suggested that these characteristics are
      associated with a generalized use of the forelimb in Pontoporia.

PMID- 677059
TI  - Sexual differences among duodenal glands of hamster.
AB  - This histochemical study was undertaken to determine whether sexual differences
      existed in the duodenal glands of hamster. Alcian blue staining and atomic
      absorption spectrophotometry (for copper content of the bound Alcian blue) showed
      the duodenal glands of males to contain about double the acid mucosubstance of
      the female glands. Periodic acid Schiff staining was stronger in the females over
      a larger portion of the gland than in males. It was concluded that sexual
      differences were evident in duodenal glands of hamster.

PMID- 677060
TI  - Histology and ultrastructure of the pig parotid gland.

PMID- 677061
TI  - Developmental change in a basicranial line and its relationship to the upper
      respiratory system in living primates.

PMID- 677062
TI  - Anatomical evidence for the epididymis as the prime mover in the evolution of the
      scrotum.

PMID- 677063
TI  - Phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segments during retinal development in utero.
AB  - The retinal pigmented epithelium of the fetal guinea pig was examined for
      evidence of phagocytosis and degradation of outer segments. Beginning at the
      early stages of outer segment formation and continuing through the remaining
      fetal period, pigment epithelial cells contained large and small phagosomes with
      multi-lamellated internal structure. Thus, mammalian retinal photoreceptor cells
      which normally develop and mature in utero in the absence of light undergo a
      process of phagocytosis of outer segemnt fragments comparable to that found in
      species whose retinae mature postnatally outside of the uterus.

PMID- 677064
TI  - Neonatal muscle growth: a quantitative study.

PMID- 677065
TI  - Non-random spatial distribution of mitoses in proliferating rat uterine
      epithelium.

PMID- 677066
TI  - Effects of alpha-tocopherol acetate on the swimming endurance of trained
      swimmers.

PMID- 677067
TI  - A comparison of three defined formula diets.

PMID- 677068
TI  - Sucrose consumption in our society.

PMID- 677069
TI  - Fat modified ruminant foods.

PMID- 677070
TI  - Some effects, in man, of varying the load of glucose, sucrose, fructose, or
      sorbitol on various metabolites in blood.

PMID- 677071
TI  - Assessment of protein reserves (cellular mass) in Aboriginal children.
AB  - The body protein reserves, assessed indirectly by the measurement of
      intracellular water, was determined in free-living Aboriginal children and
      adolescents located in Central and Northwestern Australia. Fifty one individuals
      were studied--31 males and 20 females. Significant reductions were observed in
      intracellular water or cell mass relative to the cube of body length for
      Aboriginal females when compared to a control female group. Only marginal or
      borderline differences for the same parameters were observed when Aboriginal
      males were compared with controls. Comparison of Aboriginal females with
      Aboriginal males demonstrated significant reductions in cell mass (intracellular
      water) relative to body length cubed in the female. This finding in the
      Aboriginal female is of concern because many become pregnant in the early teenage
      years. Evidence was found during the course of this study that plasma zinc
      concentrations were frequently low. This led to a concomitant study on serum and
      plasma trace metals in two Aboriginal settlements (364 individuals) to be
      published in a subsequent paper.

PMID- 677072
TI  - The influence of a wide range of absorbed cholesterol on plasma cholesterol
      levels in man.
AB  - The influence of absorbed dietary cholesterol on plasma cholesterol concentration
      was studied in two populations, one Seventh Day Adventist (SDA) vegetarian and
      one nonvegetarian, representing a broad range of plasma cholesterol values and
      dietary cholesterol intakes. As a group, the SDA vegetarians had significantly
      lower levels of plasma cholesterol and triglycerides than did the nonvegetarians.
      This hypolipidemic pattern in the SDA vegetarians was apparently closely related
      to dietary habits, sinceanother group of SDA who were nonvegetarian had
      significantly higher plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels than their
      vegetarian counterparts. Both the dietary intake of cholesterol and the
      percentage absorption of cholesterol were lower in vegetarians than in
      nonvegetarians. The mass of cholesterol absorbed increased linearly with the mass
      of cholesterol ingested in all groups, but no relationship could be demonstrated
      between absorbed cholesterol and plasma cholesterol concentration.

PMID- 677073
TI  - Effects of varying maternal dietary cholesterol and phytosterol in lactating
      women and their infants.

PMID- 677074
TI  - Metabolism and recycling of urea in man.
AB  - The rate of breakdown and reutilization of urea in man has been measured in five
      normal and two septic patients using 15N and 13C labeled ureas. The labeled
      molecules of the 15N urea dose were distinguished from the labeled molecules of
      the recycled urea by analyzing in a mass spectrometer the isotopic nitrogens
      produced when the recrystalized urine urea was treated with a hypobromite
      solution. In a normal subject with regular nitrogen intake, it was found that
      only 4/5 of the produced urea was excreted in urine and the rest was endogenously
      degraded. Seventy percent of the nitrogen and 63% of the carbon of the degraded
      urea were returned to the urea pool. On a nitrogen-free diet or after neomycin
      treatment with regular diet in the normal, the extent of urea splitting is
      considerably reduced. In the septic patients, breakdown, as well as recycling of
      urea was almost eliminated. It appears that the reate of endogenous catabolism of
      urea depends mainly on the activity of the gut flora which may be affected by
      dietary intake and clinical status of the subject. The method developed here
      could be applied for the quantitation of urea dynamics under different
      physiological and pathological conditions.

PMID- 677075
TI  - Vitamin B6 status of the hospitalized aged.
AB  - Nutritional status of vitamin B6 was investigated in two groups of 102
      hospitalized aged. Vitamin B6 intake was estimated. Erythrocyte glutamic-pyruvic
      transaminase stimulation in vitro with pyridoxal phosphate and SGOT were studied
      as the biochemical criteria of vitamin B6 status: 18.6% of the subjects consumed
      less than 0.66 mg of vitamin B6 per day; 28.4% showed a percentage stimulation in
      vitro with pyridoxal phosphate of more than 15%. There was no significant
      correlation between basal erythrocyte glutamic-pyruvic transaminase activity and
      dietary protein, dietary vitamin B6 dietary vitamin B6/100 g of protein, SGOT,
      hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, and iron. All the biochemical parameters
      used for evaluating vitamin B6 status appeared higher in females, but no
      statistical difference between male and female groups was noted. Only SGOT levels
      of female subjects reflected their vitamin B6 status. A large individual
      variation of vitamin B6 requirement was indicated in both groups studied.
      Supplements with 2.5 mg of vitamin B6 to deficient subjects caused an increase in
      transaminase levels, though females showed a higher response. A higher
      recommended allowance of vitamin B6 for the aged male and female subjects was
      considered desirable.

PMID- 677076
TI  - Vitamin B6 status of Nigerian women using various methods of contraception.
AB  - The vitamin B6 status of Nigerian women, and the effects of three contraceptive
      methods--intrauterine contraceptive device, injectable progestogen, and
      combination estrogen-progestogen oral contraceptive pills--on the vitamin B6
      status of these women were assessed by measuring the erythrocyte alanine
      aminotransferase (Ala-AT) activity both with and without in vitro stimulation by
      pyridoxal-5'-phosphate. The unstimulated Ala-AT activity and the Ala-AT index
      (ratio of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-stimulated:unstimulated activity) were used as
      indications of vitamin B6 status. The criterion for vitamin B6 deficiency was an
      Ala-AT index greater than 1.25. Of the 238 women in the total sample, 11% were
      judged to be deficient. There were no significant differences in the mean Ala-AT
      activity, mean Ala-AT index or rate of deficiency foun in the control and three
      contraceptive groups. The absence of an effect of oral contraceptives on vitamin
      B6 status is in contrast with other cross-sectional studies, but in agreement
      with controlled longitudinal studies. The packed cell volume and reticulocyte
      count were also measured and were significantly affected by contraceptive
      steroids, but these effects are not thought to be of clinical importance.

PMID- 677077
TI  - Magnesium levels in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease.
AB  - Serum magnesium was measured in 89 control subjects ages 19 to 86 years and in 64
      patients (ages 35 to 82 years) who had suffered from acute myocardial infarction
      at least 6 months previously. No differences were found in the serum magnesium
      levels due to age or sex nor was there any statistical difference between the
      mean levels in the two groups. It is concluded that the level of serum magnesium
      is not associated with the presence or absence of clinically evident ischemic
      heart disease.

PMID- 677078
TI  - Iron absorption from South-East Asian diets and the effect of iron fortification.
AB  - The increase in iron absorption was measured when different amounts of ferrous
      sulphate were added to rice-based South-East Asian meals. The study comprised 158
      subjects--118 women and 40 men. Iron fortification of simple meals composed of
      rice, boiled vegetables, and a curry to a level of 5 mg of iron per meal
      increased the absorption by about 0.2 to 0.3 mg of iron per meal. The additionof
      fish to such a meal doubled the absorption increase at a fortification level of 5
      mg per meal. This absorption increase was about the same as obtained with
      composite western-type meals containing fish or meat. The results indicate that
      iron fortification programs may be effective in countries with rice-based diets
      provided that there is a suitable vehicle available for fortification.

PMID- 677079
TI  - Zinc nutrition and growth in a childhood population.
AB  - Plasma zinc concentrations are a useful indicator of the zinc nutritional status
      in humans. This study was designed to evaluate plasma zinc levels in a population
      stressed by a low-income diet and rapid growth. Plasma zinc concentrations of an
      inner city childhood population are analyzed by polynominal regression analysis.
      The resultant age-related plasma zinc curves for male and female subjects are
      markedly different. Concentrations are lowest during the years of rapid growth,
      infancy and puberty. The growth velocities (growth indices) of these two
      populations are calculated and mirror the variation of plasma zinc
      concentrations. The data suggest that lowered plasma zinc concentrations result
      from inadequate zinc nutrition during periods of rapid growth.

PMID- 677080
TI  - Selenium concentration and glutathione peroxidase activity in blood of New
      Zealand infants and children.
AB  - The blood selenium (Se) concentrations of New Zealand children were lower than
      those reported for children living in other countries. This low blood Se was
      primarily determined by the low dietary intake of the children which, in turn,
      reflects the low Se content of New Zealand soils. Blood Se also varied
      geographically, with age, and with differences in quantities and types of food
      eaten. Children with phenylketonuria and maple syrup urine disease on synthetic
      diets had low Se intakes and blood Se concentrations compared with children on
      normal diets, and blood Se was seen to decrease with the length of time on these
      diets. A strong correlation (r = 0.62, P less than 0.001) was found between the
      blood Se levels and glutathione peroxidase activities for 107 children.
      Glutathione peroxidase activities of the children were lower than activities
      observed in New Zealand adults, refelecting their lower blood Se concentrations.

PMID- 677081
TI  - United Kingdom nutrition and the Dunn.

PMID- 677082
TI  - National policy and young child nutrition.

PMID- 677083
TI  - The mother/child dyad--nutritional aspects.

PMID- 677084
TI  - Triglycerides in clinical medicine. A review.
AB  - There have been many relevant advances in our knowledge of triglycerides as they
      apply to clinical medicine. Some of the basic concepts of triglyceride metabolism
      are reviewed in a context of clinical applicability. Hypertriglyceridemia may be
      associated with dramatic symptoms and signs such as acute abdominal pain,
      hepatosplenomegaly, and neuromuscular abnormalities, or it may be asymptomatic
      until an atherosclerotic complication occurs. There is an increased risk of
      atherosclerosis with elevated endogenous triglycerides, but it is not clear if
      this is due to triglycerides per se, or the cholesterol content of the common
      lipoprotein that transports both lipids. Serum triglycerides are affected by
      diverse underlying disorders. Several factors play a role in the pathogenesis of
      hypertriglyceridemia including diet, body weight, genetic influences, glucose
      metabolism, and insulin concentrations. Treatment by diet and/or drugs is quite
      effective in relieving many of the clinical manifestations of
      hypertriglyceridemia. Whether a beneficial effect also occurs in atherosclerosis
      is still unknown.

PMID- 677085
TI  - Nutritional status of selected teenagers in Kentucky.
AB  - A nutrition survey was conducted in a six-county area of Kentucky which included
      118 teenagers of both races and sexes, with a mean age of 15.5 years. Data
      collected included one 24-hr dietary recall, meal practices, smoking, and
      physical activity. Fasting blood and urine were analyzed. White boys had higher
      intakes in overall nutrients and had more regular meal taking habits than others.
      Intakes of calcium, iron, and vitamin A were grossly deficient among girls of
      both races, and vitamin A was most deficient in diets of boys, but the serum
      vitamin A and carotene values did not confirm a dietary deficiency of vitamin A.
      Black teenagers of both sexes had less acceptable mean hemoglobin and hematocrit
      values. High incidences of low hemoglobin values below acceptable range were
      observed in all groups studied. A high incidence of overweight among girls of
      both races, of high blood pressure in black boys, and of elevated serum
      cholesterol and beta-lipoprotein levels in blacks of both sexes were observed.
      Intake of energy was correlated with work metabolic rate/basal metabolic rate
      ratio for both sexes. Blacks were less physically active than whites. Serum
      cholesterol, triglyceride and beta-lipoproteins were positively correlated (P
      less than 0.01) to body weight of girls. Serum cholesterol and beta-lipoproteins
      were negatively correlated (P less than 0.05) to the degree of physical activity
      of boys.

PMID- 677086
TI  - Dietary assessment of coal miners in southern Illinois.
AB  - A survey was conducted in southern Illinois with a population of 46 coal miners
      and ex-coal miners ranging in age from 42 to 86 years. All the subjects were
      suffering from some degree of respiratory insufficiency. Three 24-hr dietary
      recalls were obtained from each participant and the mean daily intakes of 11
      nutrients and calories were calculated by computer. Selected hematological
      analyses of blood were performed. Dietary intakes of calcium, vitamin A, and
      vitamin C were lowest within the population sample. The mean blood values
      indicative of iron status were within normal range. Physical inactivity among
      some of the miners accompanied by inadequate calcium intakes could predispose
      them to calcium-related skeletal infirmities. Inadequate intakes of vitamin A by
      the majority of subjects were particularly significant in this population. The
      role of vitamin A in maintaining healthy epithelial tissues is discussed and its
      possible association with a coal miner's susceptibility to pulmonary
      complications resulting from chronic exposure to coal dust. The results emphasize
      the value of assessing the nutritional status of individual coal miners and the
      need for personal dietary counseling.

PMID- 677087
TI  - Limitations of film strip and bangle test for identification of malnourished
      children.

PMID- 677088
TI  - Serum cholesterol levels in the population of Punjab in north west India.
AB  - In an epidemiological survey the serum cholesterol levels of 3057 persons
      belonging to the middle or lower socioeconomic groups were checked. None of these
      persons suffered from any disease that might affect the lipid metabolism. The
      values varied according to the age: in children and adolescents 133.46 mg/dl
      (3.45 mmole/liter); in adults 160.82 mg/dl (4.15 mmole/liter); in persons over 50
      years of age 181.02 mg/dl (4.68 mmole/liter). No differences were found between
      the sexes. Three smaller, highly selected groups showed higher levels. Among 324
      obese persons the mean values appeared around 20 mg/dl higher per age group. 168
      individuals from higher social classes had readings between 204.25 to 232.85
      mg/dl (5.29 to 6.03 mmole/liter), depending on the age. In 311 patients with
      diseases of the cardiovascular system the mean cholesterol levels were 215.45
      mg/dl (5.58 mmole/liter). The average caloric intake per day of the population of
      Punjab is highest all over India (2500 cal). Most of the calories derive from
      wheat and cereals, only 20 to 25% from milk and milk products. This, and the
      fact, that most people have normal weight, might explain why the serum
      cholesterol levels in the population of Punjab do not differ much from findings
      in other, less developed state of India.

PMID- 677089
TI  - Determinants of fasting and postprandial serum bile acid levels in healthy man.
AB  - The relationship between serum levels of conjugates of cholic acid measured by
      radioimmunoassay, bile acid absorption, and hepatic clearance was studied in
      order to define the determinants of fasting and postprandial serum bile acids in
      healthy man. Acute or chronic interruption of the enterohepatic circulation
      caused a significant decrease in basal serum levels of cholyl conjugates, while
      liquid or solid meals caused a marked and reproducible increase in serum cholyl
      conjugates. A temporal correlation was demonstrated postprandially or after
      intravenous cholecystokinin between intestinal transit of bile acids and
      simultaneous changes in levels of serum cholyl conjugates. Finally, the plasma
      disappearance of intravenously injected cholylglycine was shown to be unaffected
      by serum levels of endogenous cholyl conjugates. These data are consistent with
      the interpretation that, in the presence of normal hepatic function, the major
      determinant of serum bile acids is their rate of intestinal absorption.

PMID- 677090
TI  - Serum bile acids as related to bile acid secretion in liver disease.

PMID- 677091
TI  - Familial clustering and immune response in family contacts of patients with HBsAg
      positive liver cirrhosis.
AB  - Families of 11 patients with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive
      cirrhosis were studied to evaluate the immunologic correlates and extent of
      intrafamilial HBsAg clustering. Of 76 family contacts, 12 were identified to be
      asymptomatic carriers of HBsAg and two were diagnosed to have HSsAg-positive
      cirrhosis. The over-all HBsAg prevalence for the 76 contacts was 18% and that for
      all 87 members studied 29.0%. Serologic evidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV)
      infection (either HBsAg, anti-HBs, or both) was detected in 59% of all family
      members. HBsAg was more prevalent in males (47%) compared with females (16%), and
      anti-HBs was more prevalent in females (42%) compared with males (18%). Evidence
      of an immunologic response in clinically unaffected HBsAg-negative family
      contacts consisted of elevated serum IgG levels (mean 1660 mg/100 ml) and
      increased prevalence of anti-smooth muscle and antimitochondrial antibodies (16%
      and 6%, respectively). The prevalence of one or more autoantibodies in all HBsAg
      negative family contacts was 20%, and it was higher in females (25%) than in
      males (13%). The present study demonstrates that HBsAg clustering occurs in
      families of patients with cirrhosis in the Jerusalem area and indicates that
      HBsAg-negative family contacts may have increased B-cell activity.

PMID- 677092
TI  - Histology of the intestinal peritoneum in patients with cirrhosis of the liver
      and ascites.
AB  - Portal hypertension and hypoalbuminemia are usually incriminated in the
      development of ascites in liver cirrhosis, and altered peritoneal permeability is
      considered only as a hypothetical possibility. Jejunal postmortem specimens were
      studied in 15 control patients and 16 patients dying with cirrhosis of the liver
      and ascites. In decompensated cirrhosis a fibrous thickening of the peritoneum
      was found, 159.0 +/- 96.4 micrometer (mean +/- SD) compared to 24.5 +/- 10.6
      micrometer in controls (P less than 0.001). An increase in the size and number of
      blood vessels, lymphangiectasiae, and mononuclear cell infiltration were
      invariably present. These histological changes are consistent with a nonspecific
      chronic peritonitis. The findings indicate there is increased blood perfusion and
      lymph flow within the intestinal peritoneum in patients with decompensated
      cirrhosis of the liver and support the existence of an intestinal peritoneal
      factor in the pathogenesis of cirrhotic ascites.

PMID- 677093
TI  - Secretory pattern and pathological study of the pancreas of steroid-treated rats.
AB  - Rat were given 2.5 mg/kg/day prednisolone in drinking water during 1.5 to 12.5
      months and an equal group of matched controls received only water. A pathological
      study of the pancreas and a physiological study of exocrine pancreatic secretion
      have been done. The most significant pathological effects at 1.5-12.5 months of
      steroids are dilatation of acini, flattening of duct epithelium, and the presence
      of protein plugs in the ducts. The most significant functional modifications at 9
      11 months of treatment are increased concentrations and output of proteins both
      in basal and stimulated pancreatic secretion of steroid-treated rats. This is
      very similar to the results observed by our group in alcohol-induced
      pancreatitis. It is assumed that the hyperconcentration could be at least partly
      responsible for precipitation of proteins and the precipitate formation for the
      lesions. For the large group of acute or chronic pancreatic lesions characterized
      by the formation of protein plugs in the ducts, the term catarrhal pancreatitis
      is proposed.

PMID- 677094
TI  - Effect of ethanol on canine gastric epithelial ultrastructure and transmucosal
      potential difference.
AB  - We correlated changes in the gastric transmucosal potential difference (PD), as
      an indicator of the integrity of the gastric mucosal barrier, with morphological
      evidence of injury in dogs which had received either intragastric saline or 5,
      10, 15, or 30% ethanol. Increasing degrees of morphological damage were
      accompanied by greater, more rapid changes in PD. Furthermore, ultrastructural
      changes occurred within surface epithelial cells, not in the deeper parietal or
      zymogen cells, and initially did not involve disruption of the apical cell
      membrane. Typically, the tight junctions also were not affected, although in a
      minority of dogs small bleblike separations of the tight junctions were seen. We
      consider the gastric mucosal barrier to be represented morphologically by the
      interconnecting sheet of gastric epithelial cells and that ethanol breaks the
      barrier by first causing intracellular injury.

PMID- 677095
TI  - Effects of E prostaglandins on canine gastric potential difference.
AB  - Measurement of the gastric transmucosal potential difference (PD) was used to
      study the effect of gastric antisecretory prostaglandins on the integrity of the
      gastric mucosa of the Heidenhain pouch dog. Intragastric administration of SC
      29333 [(+/-)-15-deoxy-16-alpha,beta-hydroxy-16-methyl PGE1 methyl ester] slightly
      but significantly increased the transmucosal PD when compared to vehicle control.
      In addition, SC-29333 administered either intravenously or intragastrically,
      significantly inhibited the PD fall induced by aspirin, a well-established
      barrier breaker. In contrast, the intragastric administration of 16,16-dimethyl
      PGE2 methyl ester (Me-PGE2) significantly lowered the transmucosal PD and failed
      to modify the actions of aspirin on the integrity of the gastric mucosa. However,
      the intravenous administration of either prostaglandin did not affect the basal
      transmucosal PD values. These studies suggest that SC-29333 may strengthen the
      integrity of the gastric mucosal barrier against aspirin, and this could have
      important therapeutic potential.

PMID- 677096
TI  - Esophageal ganglia and smooth muscle in the elderly.
AB  - Esophageal motor dysfunction is a common finding in elderly persons, but its
      etiology remains unknown. We examined the histology of Auerbach's plexus and
      esophageal smooth muscle in autopsy material from young and old subjects. There
      was a significant decrease in ganglion cells per square centimeter (1685 +/-
      115.9) in old subjects when compared to young controls (2253 +/- 216.9) (P less
      than 0.05). Lymphocytic infiltration of Auerbach's plexus was commonly observed
      in both groups of patients, but heavy lymphocytic infiltration was slightly more
      common in elderly subjects. No difference was found in thickness of esophageal
      smooth muscle between young and old subjects. It is concluded that diminution of
      ganglion cells rather than smooth muscle atrophy may explain the frequent
      occurrence of esophageal motor dysfunction in elderly persons.

PMID- 677097
TI  - A scanning electron microscopic study of normal human oxyntic mucosa using blunt
      dissection and freeze fracture.
AB  - Biopsies from the fundic mucosa of healthy volunteers were examined by scanning
      electron microscopy following blunt dissection and freeze fracture. The mucosal
      surface exhibited a cobblestone appearance. With increased magnification,
      microvilli could be demonstrated on the luminal surface of individual surface
      cells. Blunt dissection of the gastric mucosa revealed tubular gastric pits
      descending from the surface until they opened into branched tubular gastric
      glands. The gastric glands are irregular in outline due to the knoblike
      projections of individual parietal cells. The internal structure of the component
      cells also was examined with the scanning electron microscope following freeze
      fracture. Mucous granules were observed in the apical portion of surface
      epithelial cells. Lumina of parietal cell canaliculi were found to be continuous
      with the lumen of the gastric glands. Pepsinogen granules could be seen
      throughout the cytoplasm of chief cells. The blunt dissection-freeze fracture
      technique utilizing the scanning electron microscope allows, for the first time,
      a three-dimensional view of human gastric mucosa, including the gastric pits and
      glands as well as some of the internal architecture of component cells.

PMID- 677098
TI  - Colon polyps, sebaceous cysts, gastric polyps, and malignant brain tumor in a
      family.
AB  - A unique family with a distinct syndrome of adenomatous colonic polyps and
      sebaceous cysts without osseous or soft tissue abnormalities is presented. One
      member had benign gastric polyps limited to the upper half of the stomach and
      another had a medulloblastoma of the cerebellum. A histologic feature in the
      colon of the propositus was the presence of atypical epithelium in flat mucosa as
      well as in the colonic polyps.

PMID- 677099
TI  - Arteriovenous malformation of the stomach. Radiologic and endoscopic features.

PMID- 677100
TI  - A simple assay technique for pancreatic lipase.
AB  - A simple and inexpensive procedure is described to include pancreatic lipase in
      the protocol for evaluation of pancreatic function by duodenal aspiration. The
      method involves dilution with an albumin solution, a 2-hr incubation with a
      commercially available substrate mixture, and manual titration with a burette.
      Results comparable to assay with a pH-stat were obtained. Assay for pancreatic
      lipase is recommended as a part of the diagnostic procedure of duodenal
      aspiration.

PMID- 677101
TI  - Cell turnover.

PMID- 677102
TI  - Pancreatic, gallbladder, and intestinal responses to intraluminal magnesium salts
      in man.
AB  - To assess the effects of magnesium chloride or magnesium sulfate on the release
      of cholecystokinin from the duodenum, outputs of trypsin and bilirubin were
      quantified during perfusion of the duodenum with isotonic solutions of these
      salts. Net intestinal water transport was also quantified. The results suggest
      that magnesium ion in the duodenum is a relatively weak stimulus to the pancreas
      and gallbladder, an action not augmented by the concomitant presence of the
      sulfate ion. As determined by this human bioassay method, magnesium is a weak
      stimulant to cholecystokinin release. Furthermore, magnesium chloride inhibits
      net jejunal water absorption and magnesium sulfate is even more potent, promoting
      net water secretion, effects which cannot be entirely attributed to
      cholecystokinin release.

PMID- 677103
TI  - Enterocyte turnover and content in fat-fed hamsters.
AB  - Cryptal lecithin-synthesizing enzyme specific activities have been previously
      demonstrated to be increased by feeding a fat-supplemented diet to hamsters. To
      determine if a physiological basis exists for such changes [3H]thymidine
      incorporation, cellular migration rate, and mucosal concentration of DNA,
      protein, and lecithin were measured. Radioautographic studies showed that the
      labeling index and cell migration rate throughout the intestine in the fat-fed
      hamsters and in the proximal three-quarters of the intestine of the control group
      were the same. Both parameters were reduced in the distal quarter of the control
      intestine. The protein/DNA ratio was significantly increased in the proximal
      three-quarters and modestly in the distal quarter of the intestine of the fat-fed
      group as compared to controls, suggesting cellular hypertrophy. The lecithin
      content of the proximal three-quarters of intestine was the same in both groups
      but reduced in the distal quarter of the gut of the fat-fed group. These studies
      suggest that lipid feeding in the hamster can have profound effects on intestinal
      cellular content and turnover.

PMID- 677104
TI  - Mechanism of stress ulcer. Influence of alpha-adrenergic blockade on stress
      ulceration and gastric mucosal energy metabolism.
AB  - In previous reports from this laboratory, it has been proposed that stress
      ulceration results from a severe gastric mucosal energy deficit due to shock
      induced mucosal ischemia. In the experiments described in this report, the
      hypothesis was further tested by studying stress ulceration and gastric mucosal
      energy metabolism in rabbits subjected to hemorrhagic shock with or without the
      concomitant administration of an alpha-adrenergic blocking agent. Our data show
      that stress ulceration and gastric mucosal energy deficits are significantly less
      severe when shock is combined with alpha-adrenergic blockade.

PMID- 677105
TI  - Effect of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine on the gastric mucosal barrier in
      rats.
AB  - The gastric mucosal barrier to hydrogen ion (H+) after the administration of N
      methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) on the rat stomach was studied.
      Increased H+ back-diffusion was observed 3 hr after oral doses of 1 mg of MNNG
      over a 3-day period. MNNG in concentrations of 250 microgram/ml, 167
      microgram/ml, 86 microgram/ml, and 50 microgram/ml in the presence of acid caused
      increased H+ back-diffusion across the gastric mucosa within 1 hr. Gastric
      mucosal barrier disruption by MNNG may play a pathogenic role in gastric
      carcinogenesis.

PMID- 677106
TI  - A unique distribution of laxative-induced spike potentials from the small
      intestine of the dog.
AB  - The effects of castor oil and ricinoleic acid on small bowel electrical activity
      were studied in the fasted conscious dog and were compared to the effects
      elicited by two nonlaxative oils (triolein and oleic acid). Spike potential
      activity was monitored at two jejunal sites using unipolar recording electrodes.
      Castor oil, ricinoleic acid, and triolein produced an increased incidence of
      basic electrical rhythm (BER) with associated spike potentials when compared to a
      fasted control; however, the total electrical spiking activity produced by these
      oils was not statistically different from that induced by feeding. No treatment
      altered any of the characteristics of BER. A novel pattern of electrical spiking
      activity was observed in response to the laxatives. This pattern consisted of
      short repetitive bursts of spike potentials which migrated the length of the
      recording site. The laxative-induced electrical pattern persisted for several
      days after treatment with ricinoleic acid or castor oil, and interdigestive
      patterns were occasionally interrupted for as long as 72 hr. Electrical activity
      following feeding or the nonlaxative oils consisted of random spike potentials,
      and normal interdigestive electrical activity resumed within 24 hr. The laxative
      induced electrical pattern was shown to be quantitatively distinct from those
      produced by feeding, fasting, or nonlaxative oils. This pattern may reflect an
      action of these laxatives on intestinal motility during a diarrheal state.

PMID- 677107
TI  - The role of aspirin in gastric ulceration . Some factors involved in the
      development of gastric mucosal damage induced by aspirin in rats exposed to
      various stress conditions.
AB  - The gastric irritant effects of aspirin were studied in rats treated with a
      variety of physical and "disease" (inflammatory) stress conditions (which may
      mimic responses to some stress states encountered clinically) with the object of
      establishing whether these stress states increase the susceptibility of the
      gastric mucosa to the potentially ulcerogenic actions of aspirin. While exposure
      to physical (eg, cold) stress conditions markedly increased the sensitivity of
      the gastric mucosa to aspirin, exposure to various disease stressors (eg,
      adjuvant arthritis, acute pain, or paw inflammation) did not appreciably affect
      the mucosal sensitivity to this drug. Attempts were made to determine the
      mechanisms of the physical stress plus aspirin interaction by use of
      pharmacological agents. The results suggest a major involvement of the
      parasympathetic-vagal, sympathetic, and histamine-producing systems, but not the
      adrenocortical axis, in this model of gastric ulcerogenesis. No differences were
      observed in the mucosal uptake of [14C]aspirin, showing that accelerated uptake
      of the drug is not a factor in the development of gastric ulceration.

PMID- 677108
TI  - Glucose transport by rat small intestine after extensive small-bowel resection.

PMID- 677109
TI  - Effects of dietary protein on body weight, mucosal growth, and calcium absorption
      in the rat.
AB  - Previous studies of dietary protein intake and calcium balance demonstrate
      decreased fecal calcium excretion with high-protein diets. To determine whether a
      duodenal or ileal calcium transport response could account for these findings, we
      examined calcium transport by these two segments directly by in situ perfusion.
      Weight-matched growing rats were pair-fed isocaloric diets for 6-8 days
      containing 89% protein (casein), 39% and 0% protein. Sucrose was substituted for
      the decreased casein in the 39% and 0% protein diets. Each diet also contained 5%
      fat, a mineral mix, and vitamins. Calcium content of all diets was 0.5%. Body
      weight was maintained by the 39% protein group; weight loss was 5% for the 89%
      protein group and 18% for the 0% protein group. Small-intestinal weight as a
      percentage of body weight was the same for the three groups. For both the
      duodenum and the ileum, mucosal dry weight per centimeter was greater in the 39%
      protein group than either the 89% protein or 0% protein group. Calcium absorption
      per gram dry weight of mucosa (absorptive specific activity) was the same for all
      diet groups, but because of the greater mucosal weight per unit length in the 39%
      protein group, absorption per centimeter was increased in this group. In
      conclusion, although we found no direct relation between dietary protein and
      mucosal absorptive specific activity for calcium, calcium absorption was
      determined by the amount of mucosa which was dependent on protein intake and
      reflected the nutritional status of the body.

PMID- 677110
TI  - Roentgen examination of the small bowel using intraluminal contrast media.

PMID- 677111
TI  - The logical analysis of the electroenterogram.
AB  - Simple--and inexpensive--logic circuitry is described which will discriminate
      three types of spike activity in the canine electroenterogram. Used during high
      speed replay of tape-recorded myoelectric activity, it provides a numerical
      analysis of the duration and spike content of the three types of activity,
      without the need for sophisticated (and costly) computer analysis. The ability of
      the analyzer to detect types of activity is illustrated by the analysis of the
      effects of a peptide hormone infusion on the canine electroenterogram. The device
      might also serve as the prototype for other applications in which simple digital
      logic could be used to detect different patterns in continous analog signals.

PMID- 677112
TI  - Biliary tract dysfunction in giardiasis.

PMID- 677113
TI  - Fulminant hepatic failure secondary to amebic abscesses.
AB  - A patient presented with fulminant hepatic failure which rapidly led to his
      death. At postmortem examination, he had several amebic abscesses secondarily
      infected with bacteria, one of which had ruptured intraperitoneally, and another
      of which had occluded major hepatic veins of the right lobe of the liver. In
      addition, pylephlebitis and occlusion of several right portal venous radicles
      were noted. Microscopic examination of the right lobe revealed marked sinusoidal
      congestion and large areas of infarction with severe panlobular necrosis.
      Fulminant hepatic failure secondary to complications of amebic abscess has been
      reported infrequently but should be considered in patients with this presentation
      who have visited or inhabited areas endemic for amebiasis.

PMID- 677114
TI  - Chewing gum diarrhea.
AB  - A 66-year-old woman was found to have intractable diarrhea related to excessive
      consumption of sugarless chewing gum. The effect of sorbitol on the intestinal
      tract was felt to be the etiology. Upon cessation of gum utilization, the
      diarrhea ceased. It is suggested that chewing gum usage be included in medical
      histories!

PMID- 677115
TI  - Hemocult screening.

PMID- 677116
TI  - Canine histiocytic ulcerative colitis.

PMID- 677117
TI  - Rectal self-examination.

PMID- 677118
TI  - Increased granulocytic, erythrocytic, and megakaryocytic progenitors in
      myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia.
AB  - Nucleated cells obtained from blood and/or bone marrow of patients with
      myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia (MMM) were cultured in diffusion chambers
      (DC) implanted into the peritoneal cavities of irradiated mice. A total of five
      blood studies and two bone marrow studies were performed using cells obtained
      from five patients. The DC were harvested at intervals from the host mice and the
      total and differential cellularity of DC contents were evaluated. The results
      obtained from MMM cultures were compared with those from similar cultures of
      blood cells and marrow cells of four and six normal individuals respectively. The
      proliferation and maturation of the granulocytic, erythrocytic, and
      megakaryocytic lines in MMM cultures occurred in an orderly fashion as they occur
      in vivo. The patterns of proliferation and maturation of the three cell lines in
      cultures after day 7 suggest that they primarily originate from progenitor cells.
      The numbers of granulocytes in the multiplicative pool, recognizable red cell
      precursors, and megakaryocytes recovered were significantly greater from the MMM
      cultures than those from the normal blood or marrow cultures. These results
      suggest that the blood and marrow cells of MMM patients have increased numbers of
      progenitors for granulocytes, erythrocytes, and megakaryocytes.

PMID- 677119
TI  - Platelet satellitism--an ultrastructural study.
AB  - Ultrastructural studies by scanning and transmission electron microscopy were
      carried out on one of four cases of platelet satellitism. Adherence to the
      neutrophils was mainly by focal contact between small surface projections of the
      platelets and neutrophils. Phagocytosis was not seen with the neutrophils but was
      evident in the monocytes. The degree of satellitism noted increased with the time
      the blood anticoagulated with EDTA was left at room temperature. Mixing
      experiments with a patient's plasma and control cells and the patient's cells and
      control plasma were inconclusive but suggested that the abnormality may reside in
      the plasma.

PMID- 677120
TI  - beta-Thalassemia arising as a new mutation in an American child.
AB  - A 6-year-old child of northern European ancestry was found to have microcytic,
      hypochromic anemia with an elevated level of hemoglobin A2 and an unbalanced
      pattern of globin chain synthesis characteristic of beta-thalassemia trait.
      Hematologic and globin synthesis studies of both parents yielded entirely normal
      results. Identification of the mother and father as the biological parents was
      established with a high order of reliability by determination of erythrocyte,
      serum, and HLA genetic markers. These findings suggest that the picture of beta
      thalassemia observed in this child represents a new mutation.

PMID- 677121
TI  - Hemorrhagic death associated with a high titer factor V inhibitor.
AB  - An acquired bleeding diathesis was first noted in a 51-year-old patient 11 days
      following an exploratory laparotomy. Laboratory studies indicated the cause of
      bleeding to be the development of a circulating anticoagulant which inhibited
      factor V activity. The inhibitor, an immunoglobulin of the IgG class, was
      separated by use of Sephadex G-200 filtration, disc electrophoresis, and
      isoelectric focusing. Despite vigorous immunosuppressive, antifibrinolytic, and
      replacement therapy, including the use of a "prothrombin complex" and
      plasmaphoresis, the bleeding diathesis could not be reversed and the patient died
      of hemorrhage. Although inhibitors to factor V are not usually associated with
      major life-threatening hemorrhage, this case demonstrates that the development of
      such an inhibitor can be an ominous finding. The use of an aminoglycoside
      antibiotic in this and other patients so reported may be one of the contributing
      causes to the development of such an inhibitor.

PMID- 677122
TI  - Elevated frequency of Tay-Sachs disease among Ashkenazic Jews unlikely by genetic
      drift alone.
AB  - Using the steady-state distribution of recessive lethal gene the probability of
      finding the elevated frequency of Tay-Sachs (TSD) gene among Ashkenazic Jews is
      computed. For various estimated values of mutation rate and population size, this
      probability is found to be statistically significant. This probabiltiy, in fact,
      becomes even smaller if a steady influx of foreign genes into the Ashkenazic
      Jewish populations is considered. It is suggested that heterozygote advantage
      together with random genetic drift should be considered as the most probable
      mechansim for the elevation of TSD gene frequency among the Ashkenazic Jews.

PMID- 677123
TI  - Ethnic variation of genetic disease: roles of drift for recessive lethal genes.
AB  - Using Wright's distribution of gene frequencies for a recessive lethal gene, a
      method is given to analyze the probability that any particular gene frequency is
      greater than a given threshold gene frequency. The method is introduced to
      analyze the plausibility of drift for explaining observed data.

PMID- 677124
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis of hypophosphatasia; genetic, biochemical, and clinical
      studies.
AB  - This report has considered three approaches to the prenatal diagnosis of the
      severe, early onset form of hypophosphatasia. Two of these approaches,
      ultrasonography and the determination of the bone/liver isozymes of alkaline
      phosphatase (ALP) in cultured amniotic fluid cells, have proven useful
      diagnostically. The third method, assay of the bone/liver isozyme activity or
      total activity in supernatant amniotic fluid, was not informative for the
      affected fetus we studies. Failure to visualize a well-defined fetal skull after
      16 weeks of pregnancy when the level of alpha-fetoprotein in the amniotic fluid
      is normal should arouse the suspicion of hypophosphatasia. Because the disease is
      known to manifest clinical variabiltiy, studies to detect both the biochemical
      defect as well as the structural manifestations should be considered. The
      combined use of ultrasonography, analysis of amniotic fluid alpha-fetoprotein,
      and the measurement of the bone/liver ALP in cultured amniotic fluid cells would
      appear to be the best approach to the prenatal diagnosis.

PMID- 677125
TI  - A note on the essential parameters of the two-allele autosomal locus model.
AB  - A resolution of the parameter problem for the two-allele autosomal locus (TAAL)
      model has been presented. It was shown that three are four essential parameters
      which describe the model, by examination of the joint probability for sibs with
      specified parental phenotypes. This equation together with previously derived
      prevalence relationships uniquely specifices all parameters of the model except
      for the singular case VA = 0.

PMID- 677126
TI  - Phenylketonuria heterozygote detection in families with affected children.
AB  - Improved approaches to the problem of heterozygote detection for phenylketonuria
      (PKU) were developed in this study. The discrimination was based on 85 obligate
      heterozygotes and 45 controls who were neither pregnant nor on birth control
      medication. The best separation between hetrozygotes and normals was achieved
      with a linear discriminant function involving the logarithms of the serum
      concentrations of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan. The theoretical
      overlap area between the distributions of heterozygotes and controls based on the
      above function, was 3.75%. In the 19 obligate hetrozygotes and 13 controls who
      were either pregnant or on birth control medication, the best separation was
      achieved with a linear discriminant function involving the logarithms of the
      serum concentrations of phenylalanine and tyrosine. The theoretical overlap area
      was 8.23%. The genetic accuracy of the discriminant function was confirmed by
      testing the results with parental-child exclusions, segregation analysis, and the
      frequency of heterozygosity in nonrelated collateral spouses. Finally, there was
      evidence suggesting that the antihypertensive agent, aldomet, alters serum
      tyrosine and tryptophan levels.

PMID- 677128
TI  - A robust method for the detection of linkage in familial disease.
AB  - A nonparametric method for the detection of critical genes associated with
      familial disease was presented. The method involves the detection of deviations
      from expected identity by descent distributions at polymorphic marker loci for
      affected sib pairs. The method thus avoids the difficulties arising from
      incomplete penetrance, variable age of onset and other complications present in
      other forms of linkage analysis. The theoretical properties of method were worked
      out in detail for two important cases -- that of an incompletely penetrant
      recessive or incompletely penetrant dominant critical autosomal gene linked to a
      codominant marker locus. An easily implementable decision rule for the detection
      of linkage was proposed, and its operating characteristics for a variety of
      alternative hypothesis were obtained.

PMID- 677127
TI  - Structural difference at the active site of dibucaine resistant variant of human
      plasma cholinesterase.
AB  - Human plasma cholinesterase from five different genotypes -- E1U E1U, E1U E1A,
      E1A E1A, E1U E1S, E1A E1S, and E1U E1U C5+ -- was purified 8,000 fold from serum
      by a two-step procedure involving chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and
      preparative disc electrophoresis. The esterases were labeled with diisopropyl-1,
      3-C14-fluorophosphate (DFP) aminoethylated, and digested by trypsin. The trytic
      digests were subjected to high voltage electrophoresis, and the radioactive
      peptides were detected by radioautography. Comparison of the peptides revealed
      different electrophoretic mobilities of the usual and atypical (dibucaine
      resistant) plasma cholinesterase peptides. The results are consistent with a
      structural abnormality of the active center in the variant enzyme. No difference
      was observed an the esteratic site of the enzyme with C5 component.

PMID- 677129
TI  - Tay-Sachs disease and theoretical population genetics.

PMID- 677130
TI  - The birth and demise of "salt-poor" albumin.

PMID- 677131
TI  - Possible risk of working with antineoplastic drugs in horizontal laminar flow
      hoods.

PMID- 677132
TI  - Fenoprofen-induced hepatotoxicity.

PMID- 677133
TI  - Similarities in color-coded drug product packages.

PMID- 677134
TI  - Statistical interpretation of bioavailability data.

PMID- 677135
TI  - Aminoglycoside dose calculations.

PMID- 677136
TI  - Community, hospital and clinical pharmacists and drug information centers as
      physician drug information sources.
AB  - The use of drug information centers and clinical, hospital and community
      pharmacists by university and community practice physicians in North Carolina was
      examined. Questionnaires were sent to 674 nonfederal physicians with a response
      rate of 203 (35.5%). Approximately half of the sample were staff members of a
      university hospital. The questionnaire covered eight types of drug information.
      Significant results were reported at the p = 0.05 level. Physicians sought
      specific drug information approximately one to four times a month. University
      hospital-affiliated physicians rated clinical and hospital pharmacists
      significantly higher than community pharmacists for six subject areas, and they
      also ranked clinical pharmacists over hospital pharmacists on four subject areas
      and considered them more reliable than other pharmacy drug information sources.
      Physicians associated with community hospitals ranked hospital pharmacists over
      community pharmacists as sources of information for four areas and rated them
      more reliable than other pharmacy drug information sources; this group preferred
      to use community pharmacists for information on product availability. It appears
      that clinical pharmacists are used by university-associated physicians as drug
      information sources. Use in community hospitals of the hospital pharmacist as a
      drug information source is better than the literature might suggest.

PMID- 677137
TI  - Basic skills for hospital pharmacy technicians: development of a programmed
      training manual.
AB  - The development of a programmed training manual to teach basic skills to hospital
      pharmacy technicians is described. Steps in the development of the manual
      included reviewing pertinent literature, writing a job description for a pharmacy
      technician position, performing a task analysis, writing learning objectives and
      sequencing course content into a programmed format. Five units of the manual
      cover dosage forms and routes of administration, drug nomenclature,
      abbreviations, calculations and medication orders. The programmed format should
      help to provide quality, economic and efficient training for technicians.

PMID- 677138
TI  - Food and Drug Administration's adverse drug reaction monitoring program.
AB  - The adverse drug reaction monitoring program of the Division of Drug Experience
      within the FDA is described. Historical information on the development and
      activities of the current drug reaction monitoring program, and goals and
      objectives of the current program are discussed. Also presented are a brief
      description of the Voluntary Reporting System, intensive drug monitoring studies
      and special epidemiologic studies, and a workable definition of alert reports and
      examples of their previous role within the FDA. Pharmacists should participate
      actively in adverse drug reaction monitoring.

PMID- 677139
TI  - Cephalosporins: use review and cost analysis.
AB  - The prescribing patterns for the cephalosporins and the cost-savings following
      restriction of cephalothin sodium and approval of cefazolin sodium were studied
      over a three-year period at a university hospital. The prescribing patterns for
      cefazolin relative to dose, frequency, duration of therapy and clinical
      indications were studied for 64 patients during a one-month period. Parenteral
      cephalosporin use for three years was analyzed to determine comparative use rates
      and costs. For the most part, cefazolin was used properly during the one-month
      study. The greatest misuse was as prophylactic therapy in postsurgical patients.
      The switch from cephalothin to cefazolin resulted in a projected annual savings
      of $5,500, equal to more than 10% of the hospital's expenditures for parenteral
      cephalosporins. The prescribed daily dose of cephalosporin dropped by one-third
      following the formulary change. The decision to use cefazolin as the major
      parenteral cephalosporin resulted in substantial cost savings.

PMID- 677140
TI  - Multidisciplinary audit of digoxin.
AB  - Use review of digoxin as part of a medical care evaluation study in a hospital is
      described. This drug audit within the hospital's quality assurance program used a
      multidisciplinary approach. The study was designed to measure the incidence of
      digoxin toxicity, evaluate monitoring practices for digoxin use and evaluate the
      adequacy of digoxin dosing patterns. Forty-eight patients were involved. Results
      indicated that some patients were not adequately assessed in regard to renal
      function and digoxin serum level. Further, there was a 17% incidence of digoxin
      toxicity. Studies such as this give pharmacists an opportunity to use their
      knowledge of proper drug use through a structured hospital program.

PMID- 677141
TI  - Survey of clinical pharmaceutical services in Florida hospitals.
AB  - A survey of clinical pharmaceutical services in Florida hospitals is described.
      Questionnaires were mailed to the pharmacy departments of 210 hospitals
      containing 50 or more beds; 172 (82%) responded. Data were collected concerning
      the extent and types of clinical services provided; the reasons for not
      implementing the services were also obtained. Twenty (12%) hospitals employed a
      full-time clinical pharmacist. Inservice drug education, formalized drug
      information, cardiopulmonary resuscitation and patient medication histories were
      provided by 78%, 47%, 19% and 6% of the hospitals, respectively. Hospitals with a
      total or partial unit dose drug distribution system seemed more likely to provide
      clinical services than those with other types of distribution systems. Hospitals
      employing a clinical pharmacist were engaged in a wider range of clinical
      services and provided these services to a larger portion of their patient
      population. The reason most frequently cited for not implementing clinical
      services was inadequate staff.

PMID- 677142
TI  - Medication delivery time requirements in centralized and decentralized unit dose
      drug distribution systems.
AB  - Medication delivery time requirements in centralized and decentralized unit dose
      drug distribution systems were compared. Four stages in the receipt of medication
      orders and the delivery of doses were identified, and the time required to
      perform each stage was recorded by pharmacist observers for seven days in each
      system. In the centralized system, it required 138--220 minutes to deliver doses
      after orders were ready to be collected at the nursing station, with the time
      varying according to order type. The same cycle required 1--40 minutes in the
      decentralized system. Delays in medication delivery were shorter in the
      decentralized system.

PMID- 677143
TI  - Estimation of serum digoxin levels in geriatric patients.
AB  - The correlation in geriatric patients between estimated serum digoxin levels
      based on pharmacokinetic calculations and serum digoxin levels measured by
      radioimmunoassay was studied. Serum digoxin levels were estimated for 17
      geriatric patients recieving digoxin using the "total body stores" concept. A
      statistically significant correlation between calculated and measured digoxin
      levels was shown (p less than 0.05, r = 0.51); however, 95% confidence limits
      were so large (+/- 1.75 ng/ml) that the results were clinically unacceptable.
      Until data describing specific causes of variance are available and calculations
      modified to account for specific variations, pharmacokinetic models should not be
      relied upon for accurate estimates of digoxin levels in geriatric patients.

PMID- 677144
TI  - Interpretation of digoxin blood levels by programmable calculator.
AB  - The usefulness of a computer algorithm, for a hand-held calculator, in the
      calculation of steady-state blood levels of digoxin was studied. The calculator
      was programmed using the Wagner-Northam steady-state equation. The program was
      tested on data obtained from the charts of 14 patients recieving digoxin. Blood
      levels of digoxin were determined by radioimmunoassay. In nine patients, the
      calculated values correlated well with measured values. In five patients,
      calculated values did not correlate with measured values; half-life was
      underestimated in two patients, a charting error was made with one patient and
      digoxin disappearance was suggested to be unusual in two patients. This study
      suggests that a measure of scientific precision in planning and monitoring of
      drug therapy regimens is possible using a programmable calculator.

PMID- 677145
TI  - Using pharmacokinetics in drug therapy III: Estimating dosage regimens and blood
      levels using the fraction-lost method.
AB  - The "fraction of drug lost during dosage interval" method, which yields rapid
      estimates for drug dosage regimens and blood levels, is described. Estimation of
      the fraction lost during a dosage interval allows further calculation of dosage
      regimens and steady-state blood levels. The estimates derived from this method
      are valid only when the pharmacokinetics of the drug are linear and elimination
      from the body occurs according to first-order kinetics. Other limitations of the
      method are discussed.

PMID- 677146
TI  - Acetaminophen poisoning: a case report of the use of acetylcysteine.
AB  - Acetylcysteine treatment of acetaminophen overdose (24--30 g) in a 31-year-old
      female is reported. Acetylcysteine was used to prevent acetaminophen-induced
      hepatotoxicity. An oral loading dose of 7 g of acetylcysteine was followed with
      oral administraton of 3.6 g every four hours for 17 doses. Liver enzymes were
      elevated on the fourth day after overdose. Phytonadione was administered on days
      four through six for elevated prothrombin time ratios. Only mild elevations of
      liver enzymes still were present on day seven. Previous case reports and studies
      of acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity and acetylcysteine therapy are reviewed.
      The use of acetylcysteine in this case appeared to be beneficial.

PMID- 677147
TI  - Peer review.

PMID- 677148
TI  - An examination of the expanded role for medical technologists.

PMID- 677149
TI  - Competence assurance: the self-actualization of ASMT.

PMID- 677150
TI  - Credentialing in the clinical laboratory sciences.
AB  - There are essentially two types of credentialing. One recognizes the competence
      of educational programs to prepare personnel and is generally referred to as
      accreditation. The second recognizes the competence of individuals to deliver
      services and includes the processes of certification, licensure, and
      registration.

PMID- 677151
TI  - Competence delineation.

PMID- 677152
TI  - Development of competency-based, career-entry examination for clinical laboratory
      personnel.
AB  - The process of developing a competency-based credentialing examination for career
      entry practitioners is described, including a review of pertinent literature. A
      modified Delphi technique was used to achieve consensus among a panel of experts
      with respect to Career-Entry Statements of Competence. Items were written which
      were referenced specifically to one or more of the statements. The resulting
      genralist examination for the technologist and technician personnel levels is the
      first such examination to be reported in the field of clinical laboratory
      sciences which utilized a formal process involving such large numbers of
      practicing professionals.

PMID- 677153
TI  - Education: a critical component of competence assurance.

PMID- 677154
TI  - Complementary competence assurance activities.

PMID- 677155
TI  - Competence equals professionalism.

PMID- 677156
TI  - Concepts and practices in the evaluation of clinical chemistry methods. II.
      Experimental procedures.

PMID- 677157
TI  - Laboratory detection of thalassemia.
AB  - The thalassemias are a heterogeneous group of genetically determined disorders of
      hemoglobin synthesis and can be divided into alpha-thalassemias and beta
      thalassemias. The genes for these disorders are carried as relatively harmless
      traits which can be detected in the laboratory by a series of tests. As there are
      several variant genes in each group, heterozygotes for two slightly different
      genes occur, and interaction of these thalassemia genes with the
      hemoglobinopathies is quite common. Severe clinical disease usually only occurs
      in homozygotes, as in Cooley's anemia. The problem for the laboratory is to
      distinguish thalassemia trait from other causes of microcytosis and hypochromia
      in an economical and efficient way. The various proposed schemes are discussed,
      and it is suggested that detection of these traits should be part of a
      comprehensive screening program for hemoglobinopathies and thalassemias.

PMID- 677158
TI  - The role of the interview in student selection.
AB  - Four types of data are commonly considered in selecting applicants for academic
      programs: 1) test scores; 2) grade-point averages; 3) personal data; and 4)
      interview results. Limitations and advantages of using interview data in the
      selection decision are discussed. Fifteen suggestions are offered for improving
      the validity and reliability of interview data. Strategies for data collection
      and analysis are suggested for validation studies of selection interviews.

PMID- 677159
TI  - Gonococcal scalp-wound infection.

PMID- 677160
TI  - CLIA: has its time finally arrived?

PMID- 677161
TI  - Michaelis-Menten constant of serum aspartate amino transferase (AST) in heart and
      liver diseases.
AB  - The activity and the Km (Michaelis-Menten constant) of serum aspartate amino
      transferase (AST) were investigated in normal subjects, in patients with recent
      myocardial infarction, and in patients with infectious hepatitis. AST activity
      was elevated in both groups of patients. While the Km value of serum AST was not
      affected in myocardial infarction, it was increased in infectious hepatitis when
      the total serum bilirubin was higher than 13 mg/dl. Thus, while an investigation
      of activity of AST in serum did not help in differential diagnosis of heart and
      liver diseases, determination of Km value was helpful in the diagnosis of
      infectious hepatitis.

PMID- 677162
TI  - Task analysis of medical technology administration and supervision.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to develop a hierarchical set of administrative and
      supervisory competencies that a medical technology student should acquire before
      graduation from a medical technology program. The information that formed the
      basis for this research project was derived from responses to the Clinical
      Laboratory Supervision Survey completed by medical technologists, laboratory
      supervisors, administrative technologists, and education coordinators who are
      members of the American Society for Medical Technology. This paper presents the
      competencies that were identified as desirable from this task analysis study.

PMID- 677163
TI  - "...Self-study for forward planning...".

PMID- 677164
TI  - Concepts and practices in the evaluation of clinical chemistry methods: IV.
      Decisions of acceptability.

PMID- 677165
TI  - The impact of federal employee regulations on laboratory hiring practices.

PMID- 677166
TI  - Duplication 2q33 leads to 2q37 due to paternal ins (12;2) translocation.
AB  - An 18 month-old boy with partial duplication of the long arm of chromosome 2,
      based on a paternal balanced translocation, 46,XY,ins (12,2)( q23;q33q37), is
      described and compared with five previously reported cases. These children have
      in common a short nose with broad flat bridge and small anteverted nostrils, long
      upper lip, low-set ears, and minor digital anomalies.

PMID- 677167
TI  - An unusual dysplasia-malformation-cancer syndrome in two patients.
AB  - We report two patients with a similar syndrome of gross malformation of a lower
      limb and contiguous structures due to involvement with dysplastic, teratomatous
      tissue. This dysplasia seems to have arisen in a paramedian position in the
      embryonic hindquarter at the time of lower limb-bud differentiation. Malignant
      degeneration at 5--7 months led to metastases and death in both cases around 1
      year of age. The behavior of the dysplastic/oncoplastic tissue suggests a 2
      "mutational" causal model. This is an apparently previously undescribed formal
      genesis syndrome.

PMID- 677168
TI  - Severe mental retardation, cataracts, short stature, and primary hypogonadism in
      two brothers.
AB  - Two severely mentally retarded brothers are described who had a similar facial
      appearance, cataracts, short stature, minor digital abnormalities, and primary
      hypogonadism. Their parents were first cousins. Numerous laboratory
      investigations failed to elucidate a basic metabolic cause for their disorder.

PMID- 677169
TI  - Minor chromosome variants in child psychiatric patients.
AB  - The frequency of minor chromosome variants, as detected by conventional
      chromosome analysis, was examined among 1,289 child psychiatric patients, of whom
      one-fourth had only behavioral problems and three-fourths had congenital
      abnormalities and more severe mental disorders. There was no more than random
      association between prominent satellites, prominent secondary constrictions or a
      long Y chromosome, and congenital abnormalities or more severe mental disorders.
      The frequencies of these chromosome variants were affected by race as has been
      shown in previous studies. These findings do not support the evidence for a
      developmental effect of minor variants in man.

PMID- 677170
TI  - X-inactivation pattern in three cases of X/autosome translocation.
AB  - We describe an X/15 translocation which was balanced in a phenotypically normal
      mother [46,X,t(X;15)(p22;q15)] and unbalanced in her phenotypically abnormal
      daughter [46,X,der(X),t(X;15)(p22;q15)mat]. A third case involves a balanced X/21
      translocation in a girl with a multiple congenital anomaly-retardation syndrome
      [46,X,t(X;21)(p11;p11?)]. 5-BrdU acridine orange banding on lymphocytes revealed
      late replication of the normal X chromosome in the mother and of the normal or
      abnormal X chromosome in the two other cases. Our findings are only partially
      consistent with previous observations. All X-inactivation patterns can be
      explained by random inactivation and subsequent selection against specific cell
      lines. Furthermore, the findings in our patient with X/21 translocation support
      the hypothesis of the existence of one inactivation center on Xq.

PMID- 677171
TI  - Autosomal dominant inheritance of annular pancreas.
AB  - This report describes a family with apparent autosomal dominant transmission of
      congenital annular pancreas. Four individuals in two generations were affected;
      all developed duodenal obstruction. The implications for genetic counseling are
      discussed.

PMID- 677172
TI  - Intrauterine diagnosis of triploidy: the use of radiologic and ultrasonographic
      techniques in conjunction with amniocentesis.

PMID- 677174
TI  - A 59-year-old multiparous woman with acromesomelic dwarfism.

PMID- 677173
TI  - Dyslexia: search for phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity.

PMID- 677175
TI  - National crisis in mental retardation research.
AB  - The incidence of mental retardation will be significantly reduced only when we
      have a greater understanding of the nonorganic form of mental retardation, the
      type that afflicts approximately 75 percent of persons labeled mentally retarded.
      Such an understanding requires an interdisciplinary research effort that includes
      a major contribution from the behavior sciences. The current level of support of
      mental retardation and behavior science research by the National Institute of
      Child Health and Human Development limits the nation's capability of achieving
      the goals of preventing and ameliorating mental retardation.

PMID- 677176
TI  - Taking the role of retarded children: effects of familiarity and similarity.
AB  - As a first step in improving social relations between nonhandicapped and retarded
      children, this study was designed to investigate children's ability to take a
      retarded child's role and the effects of two variables on this ability: (a)
      familiarity with the characteristics of retarded children and (b) similarity of
      experiences to those of retarded youngsters. Findings were interpreted as
      indicating that children's ability to take the perspective of retarded children
      may be a productive area for further research.

PMID- 677177
TI  - Porteus Maze Test performance of retarded young adults and nonretarded children.
AB  - Performances of retarded young adults on the Porteus Maze Test were compared with
      those of first- through fourth-grade nonretarded children. The retarded subjects,
      approximately matched on MA with the fourth-grade group, performed at the level
      of the first graders and were reliably poorer than the third and fourth graders.
      This MA lag of at least 2 years is consistent with the MA lag previously found on
      strategic games and puzzles. The retarded and first-grade groups spent more time
      completing mazes than did the other groups.

PMID- 677178
TI  - Social interactions and communication patterns in mentally retarded children.
AB  - An observational approach and videorecordings were used to investigate a group of
      four mentally retarded kindergarten children with minimal language development.
      Results showed that when a facilitator (teacher) was present, there were more
      social interactions and vocalizations, but there was no significant increase in
      meaningful verbal content. Nonverbal communication rose sharply in the presence
      of the facilitator. The findings indicate that an observational analysis of
      patterns of interaction is useful in planning intervention programs in the area
      of social and communication development.

PMID- 677179
TI  - Comparability of naturalistic and controlled observation assessment of adaptive
      behavior.
AB  - The comparability of retrospective naturalistic and controlled observation
      assessment of adaptive behavior was evaluated. The number, degree, and direction
      of discrepancies were evaluated with respect to level of retardation of the
      client, rater differences, behavior domain sampled, and prior observational base
      for the ratings. Generally poor comparability between the procedures was found
      and questions were raised concerning the types of generalizability that can be
      made from adaptive behavior assessment obtained under the two procedures.

PMID- 677180
TI  - Stability of direct and transfer effects of number-conservation training with
      mentally retarded adults.
AB  - Twenty nonconserving retarded adults were assigned to equated training and
      control groups (n = 10 in each group). Training-group subjects were given
      multiple-strategy training for number conservation consisting of: demonstrating
      effects of addition-subtraction; negation of addition-subtraction by inverse
      operations; and addition-subtraction combined with perceptually induced cognitive
      conflict, reversibility, and verbal-rule instruction. Analyses of variance and
      critical difference multiple comparisons showed significant direct-training
      effects immediately after training and after 8 monhts. Significant short-term
      transfer was obtained on other types of conservation (discontinuous quantity,
      substance, liquid quantity, length, and weight), but long-term transfer was much
      weaker and less consistent. Transfer resulted primarily from gains in correct
      conservation judgements, with a majority of trained subjects failing to give any
      acceptable conservation explanations.

PMID- 677181
TI  - Effects of clustering instructions and category size on free recall of
      nonretarded and retarded children.
AB  - The effects of category size and instructions to cluster on the free-recall
      learning of 112 nonretarded and retarded children were assessed. Simultaneously
      presented lists of 12 pictures composed of 2, 3, or 6 categories were shown for
      three study-test trials. Instructions to cluster significantly increased recall
      and cluster scores on a new list for both nonretarded and retarded children. The
      category-size effect was weak, although it was related to the magnitude of the
      correlations between organization and recall scores.

PMID- 677182
TI  - Prediction of retarded adults' work performance through components of general
      ability.
AB  - A factor analysis was performed on a set of variables used to predict work
      performance, or industrial rate, for 127 mentally retarded adults. The results
      indicated that there is a general ability factor that can be partitioned into
      three components: cognitive, visual-motor, and work sample/sorting abilities. The
      latter two components were more closely related to industrial rate than was the
      former. Variables included subject characteristics, standardized tests, ratings,
      and work samples. As a group, the work samples were the best predictors of
      industrial rate; the subject characteristics were the poorest.

PMID- 677183
TI  - Attention to compounds by retarded adults.
AB  - Severely retarded adults were presented with a matching task in which each of the
      alternatives to the stimulus that was identical to the target stimulus differed
      from it on one dimension only. Matching performance was found to be good both
      when the target stimulus had two relevant dimensions and when it had three
      relevant dimensions. The findings were consistent with those of Tighe and Tighe
      (1972) and other (Cole, 1973; Tighe, 1973) that the salience of compounds is
      higher than that of components for persons of lower developmental level.

PMID- 677184
TI  - Comparison of the performance of first-grade and mentally retarded students on
      the Peabody Mathematics Readiness Test.
AB  - The Peabody Mathematics Readiness Test was developed to assess mathematics
      readiness and identify children who would encounter difficulty in first-grade
      mathematics. In the present study, we compared performances of mentally retarded
      subjects and first-grade subjects on this test. Retarded subjects' mean scores
      were significantly lower than those of the nonretarded subjects on the drawing
      test; however, there were no significant differences between the mean scores of
      the groups on the other five subscales.

PMID- 677185
TI  - Self-regulation in retarded persons: acquisition of standards for performance.
AB  - Twenty-four TMR children (mean IQ = 40.1, mean MA = 46.4 months) were divided
      into three groups equated by stratified assignment on IQ, MA, and CA. One group
      was then randomly assigned to each treatment condition: (a) Training 1
      (live/film), (b) Training 2 (film/live), and (c) control. In the first phase of
      the study, both training groups watched five clown models set their standard at 6
      on a bowling game. Subsequent standards set by the training and control groups
      indicated that these retarded children did base their standards on the models'
      standards (i.e., social referent). A training program including both live and
      filmed demonstrations was developed in order to teach the children a concept
      (i.e., "between") that would allow them to set their standards based on their own
      past performance. We found that both training groups acquired, retained, and
      generalized the concept as evidenced by the standards they set.

PMID- 677186
TI  - Perceptual and intellectual factors affecting number concept development in
      retarded and nonretarded children.
AB  - The role of MA and visual-perceptual ability in number concept development was
      examined with nonretarded and retarded children from regular school settings.
      Both groups were matched on MA and divided into high and low perceptual-ability
      levels. Using the Dodwell Number Concept Test, we tested each subject on various
      Piagetian tasks. Although retarded and nonretarded groups differed in IQ and CA,
      equivalence in MA resulted in equivalent number concept performance. For both
      groups, regardless of variation in IQ and CA, perceptual ability exerted a
      significant influence on number concept, with high perceptual ability resulting
      in superior number concept performance.

PMID- 677187
TI  - Screening for fetal and neonatal risk in the postdate pregnancy.
AB  - One hundred four postdate pregnancies were managed according to a well-defined
      protocol calling for weekly oxytocin challenge tests and urinary estriols three
      times per week. Although the perinatal mortality rate in these patients was not
      increased there was a significant increase in the incidence of neonatal morbidity
      and complications. The clinical syndrome of dysmaturity was seen in 20 per cent
      of the neonates. When meconium was present in the amniotic fluid the incidence of
      neonatal and fetal complications was higher. The cesarean section rate was twice
      the normal rate, with nonprogression of labor being the commonest indication. It
      is recommended that: (1) pregnancies carried beyond 42 weeks do not require
      termination simply because they are post dates; (2) all postdate patients should
      be monitored during labor; (3) trained personnel to initiate neonatal
      resuscitation should be present at each postdate delivery.

PMID- 677188
TI  - Pregnancy in the massively obese: course, outcome, and obesity prognosis of the
      infant.
AB  - The obstetric performance and pregnancy outcome in 208 massively obese patients
      who were delivered over an eight-year period were compared with those of nonobese
      control subjects. The incidence of obesity in their infants was also compared. No
      significant increase in the incidence of urinary tract infection, diabetes,
      breech presentation, cesarean section, forceps delivery, or maternal and infant
      morbidity was noted in the obese women. Significantly increased incidences of
      hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (p less than 0.01), gestational diabetes (p
      less than 0.01), inadequate weight gain (p less than 0.001), and wound or
      episiotomy infection (p less than 0.05) were observed in the study group. The
      mean birth weight of the infants of obese women was 209 grams greater than that
      of the control subjects. A significantly increased number of the obese patients
      were delivered of excessive-sized infants. Despite this, the incidence of obesity
      in infants of obese women was not significantly increased at birth or six months
      of age. By 12 months of age, however, these infants were significantly more obese
      than the control infants.

PMID- 677189
TI  - Plasma prostaglandin metabolites in human labor.
AB  - To elucidate the role of prostaglandins in initiating uterine contractions we
      studied the concentrations of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGE2 (PGE2-M) and 13,14
      dihydro-15-keto-PGF2alpha (PGF2alpha-M) in peripheral plasma of pregnant
      patients. The concentrations of PGE2-M and PGF2alpha-M in pregnant patients at
      term not in labor were not significantly different from those at midpregnancy.
      Induction of labor at term pregnancy caused a significant rise of both PGE2-M and
      PGF2alpha-M. During spontaneous labor there were no significant minute-to-minute
      fluctuations of plasma PGE2-M and PGF2alpha-M and their concentrations were not
      different from those at oxytocin-induced labor. Initiation of uterine
      contractions and abortion at midpregnancy by the intra-amniotic infusion of
      hypertonic saline was not associated with any change in PGE2-M concentration and
      a rise in PGF2alpha-M was noted in only one of five patients. The vaginal
      administration of PGE2 and the intra-amniotic infusion of PGF2alpha were
      associated in each case with a significant rise of both prostaglandin
      metabolites. It is concluded that the rise of prostaglandin metabolites in
      peripheral plasma is secondary to the initiation of uterine contractions at term
      pregnancy. Such a rise is not usually observed after the initiation of uterine
      contractions by hypertonic saline at midpregnancy.

PMID- 677190
TI  - Free amino acids in plasma throughout pregnancy.
AB  - Plasma amino acid analyses on 27 amino acids in serial samples from 15
      pregnancies in 14 patients are reported. Variations of amino acid levels with
      gestational age are reported both for absolute amino acid levels and for levels
      normalized to total amino acids, with a t test used to determine which amino
      acids vary significantly. The extent to which individual results differ from the
      means is indicated. Correlation and regression analyses were done for each amino
      acid vs. every other amino acid and for each amino acid vs. gestational age.
      Significant differences were found in amino acid results for plasma from an
      individual in whom pregnancy resulted in spontaneous abortion.

PMID- 677191
TI  - Steroid concentrations in human myometrial and placental tissues at week 39 of
      pregnancy.
AB  - Endogenous levels of P, E1, and E2 were determined by radioimmunoassay in human
      myometrium and placenta at week 39 of pregnancy. In the myometrium, P and
      estrogens were higher in the inner layer near the placenta than in other zones.
      Higher E2/P ratios were found in placental sites. A large difference in the E2/P
      ratios was observed between placenta and corresponding adjacent myometrial area,
      indicating an easier diffusion of E2 from the site of its production.

PMID- 677192
TI  - The relationship between premature rupture of the membranes and the respiratory
      distress syndrome. An update and plan of management.
AB  - The records of 340 infants of 36 weeks' gestational age or less were reviewed to
      study the relationship between premature rupture of the membranes (PRM) and the
      development of the respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Twins and infants of
      diabetic mothers were excluded from the data analysis. PRM of 16 hours or more
      was associated with statistically significant reduction in the incidence of RDS
      in infants of 31 weeks' gestational age and older. The association between PRM in
      excess of 16 hours and survival, however, was only statistically significant for
      infants of 33 weeks' gestational age and older. The implications of these results
      and a proposed plan of management for premature infants with PRM are discussed.

PMID- 677193
TI  - Meconium passage: a new classification for risk assessment during labor.
AB  - The significance of MSAL as a sign of fetal distress is controversial. To better
      assess this condition, we present a classification of MSAL based on the timing
      and quantity of meconium passed and divided into early light, early heavy, and
      late passage of MSAL. By means of this classification with a problem-oriented
      risk assessment system, 2,933 pregnancies were prospectively evaluated during
      labor. The incidence of meconium passage was 22 per cent, of which early light
      constituted 53.6 per cent, early heavy 25.2 per cent, and late passage 21.2 per
      cent. Early heavy MSAL is associated with increased fetal and neonatal morbidity
      and death, and with a number of antecedent obstetric problems. Late passage of
      MSAL encountered no perinatal losses, but is associated with increased neonatal
      morbidity occurring late in labor. Early light MSAL, constituting over half of
      all our meconium group of patients, is not associated with any increased
      intrapartum or neonatal morbidity or death. This classification of MSAL is an
      effective tool for risk assessment during labor.

PMID- 677194
TI  - The effect of fetal age, birth weight, and sex on cord blood immunoglobulin
      values.
AB  - In order to determine the role played by fetal "factors" in fetal immunoglobulin
      levels, cord blood samples from 176 normal infants were analyzed for the
      relationship between immunoglobulin concentration and the gestational age, birth
      weight, and the sex of the fetus. Cord blood IgM and IgG both increased with
      gestational age until term, while IgA, its subclasses IgA, and IgA2, and IgD were
      unaffected by gestational age. IgM and IgG were higher in fetuses weighing 2,000
      grams or more, while IgA, IgA, and IgA2 were not influenced by birth weight. Cord
      blood immunoglobulin values were the same in male and female infants. The
      interrelationship between cord blood immunoglobulin class and subclass
      concentrations was examined in two ways: (1) The correlation coefficient r for
      paired samples was calculated between immunoglobulin concentrations in individual
      cord sera. (2) Student's test for the mean was used to compare subgroups of the
      entire sample populations, divided into high, intermediate, and low
      immunoglobulin values. IgM and IgG, and IgM and IgD were correlated. The data
      obtained indicate the need to consider the gestational age and birth weight of a
      neonate in the use of cord blood immunoglobulin values to evaluate the
      possibility of fetal infection.

PMID- 677195
TI  - An assessment of continuous fetal heart rate monitoring in labor. A randomized
      trial.
AB  - Intrapartum continuous fetal heart rate monitoring has been routinely performed
      at the Jessop Hospital for Women for some years. However, no controlled trials
      had ever been performed to show its advantages over intermittent auscultation in
      low-risk patients. A prospective randomized study of 504 patients compared
      continuous fetal heart rate monitoring with intermittent auscultation. There was
      no significant difference between the two groups in neonatal deaths, Apgar
      scores, maternal and neonatal morbidity, and cord blood gases. The cesarean
      section rate was significantly increased (p less than 0.05) in the monitored
      patients but this did not seem attributable to fetal monitoring. No beneficial or
      deleterious effects of continuous fetal heart rate monitoring in labor were
      shown.

PMID- 677196
TI  - Diagnostic and therapeutic hysteroscopy for traumatic intrauterine adhesions.
AB  - During diagnostic hysteroscopy, I found intrauterine adhesions in 192 patients;
      central adhesions appeared as a bridgelike tissue connecting the anterior and
      posterior walls of the uterus, and marginal adhesions appeared as a partial
      ledgelike tissue projected from a part of the uterine side wall. All of the
      central adhesions and most of the marginal adhesions were removed by pushing with
      the tip of the outer sleeve of the hysteroscope under visual control. Moreover,
      hysteroscopy made rough estimates of the histology of the adhesions from the
      surface appearance of the adhesions before removal, the force needed for
      separation, and the appearance of the stumps of adhesions removed. The effects of
      adhesionolysis were evaluated by recovery of endometrial function, that is,
      increase of menstrual blood flow and achievement of a viable pregnancy. Among the
      192 patients, 143 recovered previous menstrual flow, the others remained
      hypomenorrheic. In 79 pregnant patients, 45 were delivered of viable infants.
      Improvement of endometrial malfunction in advanced cases of intrauterine
      adhesions is a problem awaiting a solution.

PMID- 677197
TI  - Catechol-O-methyltransferase activity in erythrocytes of pregnant women.
AB  - Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) is the enzyme that converts catechols, e.g.,
      catecholamines and catechol estrogens, to their methyl ethers. COMT activity
      measured in erythrocytes (RBC's) of healthy men (No. = 47) and healthy
      nonpregnant women (No. = 53) was 8.2 +4- 0.17 nmoles X ml.-1 (mean and standard
      error). The COMT activity in RBC's of healthy pregnant women (No. = 100) was 10.7
      +/- 0.29 nmoles X ml.-1 RBC X hr.-1, a value which is significantly higher than
      that found in RBC's of men and nonpregnant women (p less than 0.001).

PMID- 677198
TI  - Endometrial carcinoma in Stein-Leventhal syndrome treated with
      hydroxyprogesterone caproate.

PMID- 677199
TI  - Adenomyoma of the ileum.

PMID- 677200
TI  - Nonimmunologic hydrops fetalis.

PMID- 677201
TI  - Influence of adenosine on contractility of isolated vessels of human placenta.

PMID- 677202
TI  - The essential iris atrophies.
AB  - We studied 82 cases of essential iris atrophy. The findings support some
      traditional concepts of this complex spectrum of disorders, but conflict with
      others. Corneal abnormality appeared early and may be the primary disorder. A
      corneal endothelial disturbance was present in 55% of cases and corneal edema was
      present in 50%. Peripheral anterior synechiae occurred in all but one of the
      cases studied by gonioscopy. The pupil was distorted in 71% of the cases and was
      usually pulled in the direction of the most prominent synechia. The iris was
      stretched with stromal atrophy in 71%. Iris holes occurred in 33%. The degree of
      corneal and iris changes occurred as a spectrum of disorders. The prognosis for
      most patients with essential iris atrophy is slow progression with eventual
      involvement of vision because of corneal edema, secondary glaucoma, or both.
      Treatment of increased IOP was required in 77% of our cases, and 44% required
      surgical intervention.

PMID- 677203
TI  - Pulsating metastatic tumor of the orbit.
AB  - A 47-year-old white man in apparent good health had diplopia and swelling of the
      right upper eyelid. Ocular examination showed proptosis of the right eye,
      together with a large, pulsatile, collapsible mass simulating a vascular neoplasm
      and involving the right temple as well as the right upper outer quadrant of the
      orbit. Biopsy of the orbital tumor disclosed a clear-cell carcinoma compatible
      with a renal primary tumor; subsequent laboratory examination revealed the
      offending tumor in the left kidney. Renal carcinomas may metastasize to the globe
      or to the orbit before the primary tumor is recognized. Pulsatile exophthalmos
      acquired in middle life associated with significant bone destruction represents a
      constellation of findings most consistent with a metastatic tumor, probably renal
      carcinoma, caused by the exceedingly rich vascularization of these metastatic
      deposits.

PMID- 677204
TI  - Clinical manifestations of brawny scleritis.
AB  - We studied four patients with posterior brawny scleritis. Two underwent
      enucleation for suspected melanoma, and in the other two, the correct diagnosis
      was made and effective therapy begun. Of seven other eyes with brawny scleritis
      from other sources, five were enucleated after diagnosis of choroidal melanoma
      and one for suspected intraocular tumor. This experience and other previous
      reports indicate the high incidence of diagnostic confusion regarding brawny
      scleritis. We therefore emphasized clinical symptoms and signs of brawny
      scleritis: inflammation, tenderness or pain of the globe, history of collagen
      vascular disease, proptosis, bilaterality, and retinal and choroidal detachment.
      A preserved normal choroidal vascular pattern over an elevated subretinal mass
      may be indicative of posterior brawny scleritis. Scleral biopsy is useful for
      tissue diagnosis. Radioactive phosphorus uptake tests and ultrasonography may
      erroneously indicate choroidal melanoma and lead to enucleation of a potentially
      salvageable globe.

PMID- 677205
TI  - A modified silicone frontalis sling for the correction of blepharoptosis.
AB  - We devised a frontalis sling by using two No. 40 silicone bands. Each free end
      was sutured to the tarsus and joined in the central brow area. We used pulley
      sutures in the medial and lateral brow incisions to prevent migration of the
      bands. With this method, adjustment of the eyelid level can be made anytime
      postoperatively through the central eyebrow incision because of the ease in
      finding the overlapped ends of the silicone bands. This is particularly useful
      for patients with chronic progressive ophthalmoplegia where poor closure and
      exposure keratopathy are potential postoperative problems.

PMID- 677206
TI  - Ophthalmic sequelae of infantile hemangiomas of the eyelids and orbit.
AB  - The major findings in a study of 51 infants and children with infantile
      hemangioma of the eyelid were as follows: Visual complications occurred in 27
      patients. The most common complications were amblyopia (in 22) and strabismus (in
      17). Amblyopia of 6/60 (20/200) or less was probably caused by stimulus
      deprivation, but amblyopia in the range of 6/30 (20/100) to 6/12 (20/40) was
      likely caused by anisometropia or strabismus. Eyelid occlusion of six months or
      more invariably resulted in amblyopia of 6/60 (20/200) or less. Occlusion for
      even one month carried a risk of amblyopia. Each child must be considered
      individually for therapy, which must be started as early as possible. Patients
      should receive careful follow-up from the beginning to prevent severe amblyopia.
      For difficult cases, we need more efficacious, safe methods to induce regression
      of these tumors.

PMID- 677207
TI  - Ectropion of the lower eyelid secondary to Muller's muscle-capsulopalpebral
      fascia detachment.
AB  - A patient developed severe lower eyelid ectropion after a bilateral levator
      aponeurosis and Muller's muscle advancement-and-truck blepharoptosis procedure
      and bilateral attachment of the lateral canthi to the lateral canthal tendons.
      The cause of this ectropion was detachment of Muller's muscle and
      capsulopalpebral fascia from the inferior tarsus and recession of these tissues
      into the orbit. This left the inferior tarsal border with only redundant
      conjunctiva attached to it, which could not maintain it in a downward direction;
      thus, an ectropion occurred. Muller's muscle and capsulopalpebral fascia were
      detached from the inferior tarsus and recessed 15 mm into the orbit. Reattaching
      Muller's muscle and capsulopalpebral fascia to the inferior tarsus relieved the
      ectropion.

PMID- 677208
TI  - Intralesional corticosteroid therapy of chalazia.
AB  - Twelve adult patients with 17 chalazia underwent trial intralesional injection of
      triamcinolone acetonide. Seven chalazia resolved within two weeks after only one
      injection, and another six after two injections. Two lesions failed to respond to
      two injections, and two lesions responded to one injection, but either recurred
      or another lesion developed. Patients were satisfied with the procedure, which
      appears to be a safe, convenient, and effective altefnative to chalazion surgery.

PMID- 677209
TI  - Generalized fibrosis of the extraocular muscles.
AB  - We studied four patients with the general fibrosis syndrome. One patient had
      bilateral inguinal hernias and unilateral cryptorchism; the other patients had no
      other congenital abnormalities. The patients developed normally both
      neurologically and metally. We successfully treated amblyopia and achieved good
      functional and cosmetic results with strabismus and blepharoptosis surgery.
      Histopathologic study revealed fibrous infiltration of extrinsic eye muscle and
      Tenon's capsule without inflammatory changes.

PMID- 677210
TI  - Efficacy of bifocals in the treatment of accommodative esotropia.
AB  - We treated 84 patients with a partially refractive accommodative esotropia with
      bifocals. Twelve patients were able to fuse without bifocals at the end of
      therapy; in 19, the bifocal power could be reduced and further improvement can be
      expected in the future. Thirty-nine remained dependent on bifocals; and in 14,
      fusion had deteriorated in spite of therapy. Patients with a high AC/A ratio and
      those receiving supportive orthoptic treatment seemed to fare best with bifocals.
      In those with a low AC/A ratio, fusion tended to deteriorate because of a slowly
      increasing esodeviation at near fixation.

PMID- 677211
TI  - Secondary diabetic retinopathy in chronic pancreatitis.
AB  - We found abnormal glucose tolerance curves in 45 of 47 patients with chronic
      pancreatitis and observed secondary diabetic retinopathy in eight of 45 cases
      showing slight changes in the fundus. Abnormal glucose tolerance curves were
      somewhat related to the exocrine dysfunction of the pancreas. Slightly abnormal
      glucose tolerance curves were observed frequently in patients with chronic
      pancreatitis, and both insulin and glucagon responses were decreased. We could
      not explain the cause of the low frequency of secondary diabetic retinopathy in
      pancreatic diabetes from the results of insulin and glucagon response tests.

PMID- 677212
TI  - Teratoid intraocular medulloepithelioma.
AB  - The right eye of a 1-year-old black infant with a painful blind eye was studied
      histologically. It contained a tumor at an advanced stage of growth. The tumor
      consisted of moderately large, round, and elongated undifferentiated cells and
      anaplastic cells with mitotic figures combined with multilayered, poorly
      differentiated epithelial cells that resembled the medullary epithelium of
      embryonic retina. Strap cells with cross striation typical of striated muscle
      were also present, together with islands of hyaline cartilage and areas of
      calcification.

PMID- 677213
TI  - Association of presumed ocular histoplasmosis with HLA-B7.
AB  - Thirty-one white patients who fulfilled the clinical criteria of the syndrome
      recognized as presumed ocular higtoplasmosis were typed for common
      histocompatibility antigens. These clinical criteria included the presence of
      multiple peripheral punched out choroidal atrophic scars, compatible macular
      disciform lesion in at least one eye, and clear vitreous. Seventeen out of 31
      patients were found to have HLA-B7, which is statistically significant at the P
      less than .005 level when compared to a normal population. More patients should
      be tested to establish this correlation more firmly. Though this is statistically
      significant, other factors must be involved as there still remain many patients
      who fulfill the clinical criteria but do not demonstrate a common
      histocompatibility antigen.

PMID- 677214
TI  - The prevalence of HLA-B7 in presumed ocular histoplasmosis.
AB  - Eighteen patients with the presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome were typed for
      HLA histocompatability antigens and 78% were found to have the B7 antigen. This
      data implies an underlying immunogenic predisposition to the development of the
      clinical eye findings and active posterior pole lesions in the presumed ocular
      histoplasmosis syndrome. It is likely that some feature of the immune system of
      these patients renders them more susceptible either to the initial infection or
      to a later activation of posterior pole lesions mediated through immunologic
      mechanisms.

PMID- 677215
TI  - Hypertensive reactions to phenylephrine eyedrops in patients with sympathetic
      denervation.
AB  - We studied the effects of topical phenylephrine eyedrops on systemic blood
      pressure in 298 patients about to undergo ocular surgical procedures by comparing
      their blood pressure on admission to the hospital with that measured immediately
      before surgery. The patients were divided into three groups. Group 1 consisted of
      230 patients who had neither history of insulin-dependent diabetes nor prior
      teatment with reserpine or guanethidine. Group 2 included 41 insulin-dependent
      diabetic patients. Group 3 contained 27 hypertensive patients who had been taking
      reserpine or guanethidine. Patients in each group were divided into two subgroups
      (A and B). The 202 patients in the three A subgroups received preoperative
      phenylephrine eyedrops, whereas the 96 patients in the three B subgroups did not.
      All three B subgroups and Group 1A (176 patients) did not show significant
      increases in blood pressure. There was a statistically significant increase in
      both systolic and diastolic pressures in Group 2A (14 patients) and in Group 3A
      (12 patients). From this study, we concluded that administration of preoperative
      phenylephrine eyedrops can be hazardous in patients with long-standing insulin
      dependent diabetes or in hypertensive patients receiving reserpine or
      guanethidine.

PMID- 677216
TI  - A simple device to improve blinking.
AB  - A blink beeper was devised to remind patients with incomplete or infrequent
      blinking to blink completely and at normal intervals; the beeper worked by
      transmitting an audible tone every ten seconds through an earphone. In three
      postkeratoplasty patients, this simplistic approach not only resulted in a
      complete blink at regular intervals, but seemed to condition this response to
      continue when  the blink beeper was taken away; this resulted in healing of large
      chronic epithelial defects. The blink beeper has also proved valuable in patients
      with either punctate epithelial erosions or those who wore hard contact lenses
      unsuccessfully because of infrequent or incomplete blinking.

PMID- 677217
TI  - Spectral transmittance of intraocular lenses.

PMID- 677218
TI  - Retinal dialysis secondary to use of the Kaufman vitrector.

PMID- 677219
TI  - Retail cost of antiglaucoma drugs in two cities.
AB  - Volunteer shoppers purchased antiglaucoma medications dispensed from
      prescriptions written according to generic and brand-name products in Manhattan
      and in the St. Louis area. All drugs obtained were more expensive in Manhattan
      than in St. Louis. No significant cost difference was found between generic and
      brand-name items in either city, but only in a few instances were generic drugs
      actually dispensed. No difference in overall price was found between pharmacies
      located in better and poorer neighborhoods in Manhattan or between pharmacies
      located in urban, suburban, or rural areas in St. Louis. A white shopper paid
      significatnly lower retail prices than did a Hispanic shopper in Manhattan,
      particularly in better neighborhoods. The range of prices in each city for all
      drugs studied was greater than twofold. Pharmacies offering more patient services
      tended to charge higher prices, but frequently, pharmacies did not actually offer
      the services they advertised.

PMID- 677220
TI  - Serum obstruction of aqueous outflow in enucleated eyes.
AB  - We perfused enucleated human eyes via the anterior chamber by the constant
      pressure technique. Infusion of human serum into the anterior chamber of
      enucleated human eyes for 30 minutes at 23 mm Hg pressure induced a 42% decrease
      in facility of outflow, which was not relieved by irrigation of the anterior
      chamber with balanced salt solution or alpha-chymotrypsin. Diluted serum also
      reduced the facility of outflow. Measured in a glass viscometer, diluted serum
      had less viscosity than undiluted, but interfered with outflow from the eye more
      than anticipated on the basis of viscosity alone. When we used lens depression to
      induce tension on the iridocorneal angle to simulate the effects of contraction
      of the ciliary muscle, outflow facility increased in control eyes that had not
      been exposed to serum and in serum-perfused eyes. However, the partial
      obstruction to outflow that had been induced by serum persisted. Normal serum
      components may become adsorbed or entrapped in the aqueous outflow system so as
      to obstruct outflow, and this may result in secondary glaucoma in eyes with
      chronic uveitis.

PMID- 677221
TI  - Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.
AB  - A 17-year-old white woman had an acute left maculopathy of unknown etiology. She
      was in excellent health and had only had rubeola at 3 years of age. Hruby lens
      examination of the left eye, visual acuity of 6/60 (20/200), revealed a normal
      vitreous, macular edema, intraretinal hemorrhage, and cotton-wool exudates. Xenon
      photo-coagulation was performed on the left eye. The visual acuity remained 6/60
      (20/200) with drying of the retina. The patient remained in excellent health
      until 22 months after the initial ocular problem when she developed a left
      homonymous hemianopia. Then her mind deteriorated, and she became demented. We
      diagnosed subacute sclerosing panencephalitis after finding an increased spinal
      fluid gamma globulin, raised serum and spinal fluid titers of measles antibodies,
      and an electroencephalogram pathognomonic for this condition.

PMID- 677222
TI  - Horner's syndrome with ipsilateral accommodative paresis.
AB  - In a 12-year-old girl with Horner's syndrome and an ipsilateral accommodative
      paresis, intravenous administration of edrophonium chloride improved the
      accommodative defect on several occasions, which suggested a possible
      relationship to myasthenia gravis. Additional testing of the accommodative
      paresis revealed some of the characteristics of Adie's syndrome and suggested a
      relationship to pupil-sparing Adie's syndrome.

PMID- 677223
TI  - Persistent pupillary membrane associated with aniridia.
AB  - Familial aniridia is an autosomal dominant condition in which only a small iris
      remnant is present. A controversy exists as to whether the pathogenetic,
      embryologic origin of this condition is neuroectodermal or mesodermal. We
      examined a male infant with bilateral congenital aniridia associated with
      persistent pupillary membranes. This child had a prominent arcade of vessels
      extending onto the anterior lens surface for 360 degrees from small iris remnants
      in both eyes. The presence of a mesodermal pupillary membrane despite absence of
      the iris suggested a primary neuroectodermal defect as the pathogenetic factor in
      this case of aniridia.

PMID- 677224
TI  - Rapid access fluorescein angiography.
AB  - The time interval usually required for processing fluorescein angiography films
      has been dramatically shortened to 90 seconds by using Kodak Linagraph Shellburst
      Film 2474 processed in the automatic Kodak RP X-omat processing machine, with
      attendant increases in image clarity and contrast.

PMID- 677225
TI  - Nonfatal methazolamide-induced aplastic anemia.
AB  - An 83-year-old man developed nonfatal aplastic anemia after taking methazolamide
      for three months. We made a diagnosis of methazolamide-induced aplastic anemia,
      discontinued all medication, gave the patient platelet and red blood cell
      transfusions, and treated him with oxymetholone. Approximately four months after
      initiation of treatment, the patient felt well, and he is currently receiving
      packed red blood cell transfusions every three weeks.

PMID- 677226
TI  - Prices, patients and drug substitution.

PMID- 677227
TI  - Metastatic adenocarcinoma.

PMID- 677228
TI  - Cyclocryotherapy in neovascular glaucoma.
AB  - To determine the long-term effects of cyclocryotherapy, we conducted a follow-up
      with a mean of 24.9 +/- 13.9 months in 50 eyes of 46 patients with neovascular
      glaucoma. On final examination, intraocular pressure in 16 (32%) of the eyes was
      greater than 26 mm Hg and in 17 (34%), less than or equal to 25 mm Hg; 17 (34%)
      developed phthisis bulbi. Enucleation was performed in three of the eyes.
      Anterior segment necrosis occurred immediately postoperatively in four eyes.
      Twenty-four of 41 eyes (58.5%) with vision lost light perception during our
      study. All patients were comfortable except the three who required enucleation.

PMID- 677229
TI  - Retinal surgery complicated by a spontaneously acquired factor VIII inhibitor.
AB  - We studied a factor VIII inhibitor spontaneously occurring in an otherwise
      healthy patient who underwent retinal reattachment. The clotting defect first
      manifested itself as a delayed hemorrhagic choroidal detachment. His bleeding
      diathesis was successfully managed by infusion of factor VIII concentrate,
      prednisone, and cyclophosphamide. Surgical procedures in patients with severe
      bleeding disorders present a difficult therapeutic problem which can be
      effectively managed by the close cooperation of the surgeon, hematologist,
      coagulation laboratory, and blood bank.

PMID- 677230
TI  - Dilated episcleral vessels and open-angle glaucoma.
AB  - We studied four patients with idiopathic dilated episcleral vessels. Three of
      these patients had asymmetric or unilateral open-angle glaucoma in the eye with
      the greater degree of episcleral vascular anomaly. The fourth patient showed
      dilated episcleral vessels, but the intraocular pressure (IOP) was not increased.
      In the three patients with increased IOP, the facility of outflow was decreased.
      The episcleral venous pressure was not measured, but in one eye Schlemm's canal
      was engorged with blood despite an IOP of 35 mm Hg. We explored the possibility
      of a congenital vascular anomaly in the four cases.

PMID- 677231
TI  - Oculodentodigital dysplasia syndrome with angle-closure glaucoma.
AB  - A 14-year-old girl with typical oculodentodigital syndrome had been treated for
      chronic glaucoma for seven years. She had corneas measuring R.E.: 10 mm; L.E.: 9
      mm, with narrow angles open on the right, but almost entirely closed on the left.
      Gonioscopic examination of the right iris revealed that the root was attached
      forward on the trabecular meshwork, which suggested a congenital anomaly.
      Peripheral iridectomies were ineffective. In a case previously studied, a 20-year
      old woman with typical oculodentodigital syndrome developed typical acute angle
      closure glaucoma seven years after the original examination.

PMID- 677232
TI  - Retinal depression sign indicating a small retinal infarct.
AB  - Retinal depression, a newly observed sign, has been observed as an abnormality in
      the reflection from the internal limiting lamina produced by depression of the
      inner surface of the retina after a small retinal infarct. These depressions were
      first observed in 16 patients with sickling hemoglobinopathies. Additionally, I
      examined a patient with systemic hypertension, a patient with retinal
      arteriolitis, and a patient with juvenile onset diabetes mellitus who also had
      retinal depression.

PMID- 677233
TI  - Pigmented macular pucker.
AB  - A 66-year-old woman developed a darkly pigmented preretinal membrane. In the
      fundus periphery there was a round retinal hole about one disk diameter with
      pigmentation in its immediate vicinity. Pigmented, preretinal membranes arise
      from retinal pigment epithelium cells that exit through a retinal tear and settle
      on the inner retinal surface where they proliferate and form a membrane. Some
      preretinal membranes arise from unpigmented cells such as glial cells and become
      colored with iron pigment because of the accumulation of pigmented macrophages
      and free pigment debris. A retinal hole is not necessary for the occurrence of a
      glial membrane.

PMID- 677234
TI  - Ocular perforation following retrobulbar anesthesia for retinal detachment
      surgery.
AB  - We encountered three examples of the perforation of the globe by the retrobulbar
      needle in a series of 4,000 patients who had undergone retinal reattachment
      surgery with local anesthesia. The presence of significant myopia was a
      contributing factor in all three cases. We managed the perforation site through
      the detached retina with cryopexy and external tamponade, and we treated
      perforations through the attached retinas either with cryopexy at surgery or
      photocoagulation postoperatively.

PMID- 677235
TI  - Peripapillary pigmentary retinal degeneration.
AB  - We studied four patients with peripapillary pigmentary retinal degeneration, an
      asymptomatic disorder that was probably benign and nonprogressive. The
      ophthalmoscopic appearance showed a segmental, grayish metallic sheen in
      association with bone spicule pigmentation, which radiated from the disk along
      the temporal vessel arcades and joined temporal to the macula. The optic disk,
      retinal vessels, periphery, and macula were normal in all patients. Visual
      function tests and fluorescein angiography indicated a segmental disease of the
      retinal pigment epithelium-photoreceptor complex.

PMID- 677236
TI  - Metastatic choroidal melanoma.
AB  - We studied the metastatic pattern of 41 patients initially referred with a
      primary choroidal melanoma who later developed widespread disease. In the order
      of frequency, the most common sites of metastatic involvement were the liver
      (56%), subcutaneous tissue (36.5%), and bone (7%). Whereas the median interval
      between enucleation and the onset of metastatic disease was approximately four
      years, in rare cases, metastases were diagnosed concurrently with a primary
      choroidal melanoma. Since patients with choroidal melanomas usually survive less
      than one year after the development of widespread disease, a metastatic
      examination should be done in all patients with pigmented choroidal tumors both
      before and after ocular therapy. From the data obtained in this and other studies
      on metastatic melanoma, a reasonable basic metastatic examination for choroidal
      melanoma patients should include a serum lactic dehydrogenase, a serum alkaline
      phosphatase, a routine chest X-ray, and a general physical examination.

PMID- 677237
TI  - Crystalline retinopathy.
AB  - A 34-year-old woman had crystalline dystrophy of the retina associated with
      atrophy of the choriocapillaris and pigment epithelium, and pigment clumping in
      the fundus periphery. Consanguinity of her parents suggested an autosomal
      recessive inheritance pattern for this type of crystalline retinal dystrophy. The
      patient did not have corneal crystals. Her electroretinogram was normal, although
      her electro-oculogram was abnormal.

PMID- 677238
TI  - Stability of back-toric prism-ballast hydrogel contact lenses.
AB  - We fitted each of 20 eyes with 3 different Hydrocurve contact lenses: (1)
      spherical with prism ballast, (2) back-toric without prism ballast, and (3) back
      toric with prism ballast. We monitored the stability of the lenses. The prism
      ballast lenses were generally stable on corneas with zero to 3.5 DK of with-the
      rule toricity; the back-toric nonprism lenses were not stable.

PMID- 677239
TI  - Carel C. Koch Memorial Lecture--1977. Optometry-Ophthalmology--the future.
AB  - In looking to the future of optometry and ophthalmology, the author identifies
      four interacting components--the public, optometrists, ophthalmologists, and eye
      health-care manpower, including opticians--which he evaluates. The interactions
      are discussed, and specific recommendations are made to improve relations between
      the two professions,

PMID- 677240
TI  - Evaluation of 225 consecutive intraocular-lens implants.
AB  - A retrospective study of the first 225 intraocular lens implants (IOL) performed
      by a single surgeon was conducted for this report. In complication rate and
      visual acuity assessed 4.5 months postoperatively, these patients (pseudophakes)
      compared very closely with 2 populations of aphakic patients who had had
      phacoemulsification surgery without lens implantation by the same surgeon. The
      majority of pseudophakes were left with moderate to low refractive errors.
      Patient satisfaction was found to be high. It appears that implantation of iris
      and capsular fixated intraocular lenses is a comparatively safe and in many cases
      advantageous procedure.

PMID- 677241
TI  - Water flow conductivity and pore diameter in extended-wear gel lens materials.
AB  - The water flow conductivity of 3 high-water-content (70 to 85%) gel materials
      proposed for extended-wear contact lenses was measured. Pore diameter was
      calculated from these flow conductivities. High-water-content gels were found to
      have pore diameters in the range of 20 to 30 A compared with about 8 A for the
      lower-water-content HEMA gel. The larger pore diameter of extended-wear lenses
      will permit entry of drugs, hormones, and enzymes and thereby may pose new
      problems for wearers.

PMID- 677242
TI  - Julius F. Neumueller Award Paper--1977. Static fracture resistance of Schott S
      1005 lenses as a function of thickness.
AB  - High-Lite S-1005 lenses (Schott Optical Company) of various center thicknesses
      were tested for static load fracture resistance. Chemically tempered High-Lite
      lenses of 1.7-mm center thickness were found to be equivalent in strength to 3.0
      mm heat-tempered crown lenses; 1.34-mm chemically tempered High-Lite lenses were
      equivalent in strength to 2.07-mm heat-tempered crown lenses. These findings
      agree closely with earlier data on chemically tempered crown glass and therefore
      illustrate that chemically hardened lenses can be made significantly thinner than
      Z-80 specifications and still meet FDA strength requirements.

PMID- 677243
TI  - Recording monocular VEPs under binocular conditions.
AB  - This report describes a technique for recording the visual evoked potential (VEP)
      arising from 1 eye under conditions of binocular pattern stimulation. The subject
      views a sinusoidally modulated vectographic checkerboard with orthogonally
      oriented polarizing filters before the eyes. This technique results in waveforms
      that contain monocular VEPs distributed in time. The technique is sensitive to
      interocular suppression and controls for the influence of various extraneous
      sources of variability. It is useful in clinical VEP testing.

PMID- 677244
TI  - A foot-operated camera trip for the Nikon photo slit lamp.
AB  - A simple foot-operated shutter cable frees both hands for holding the gonioscope
      lens and adjusting the Nikon slit lamp during photography of the recess of the
      anterior-chamber angle.

PMID- 677245
TI  - Dose-response effects of corneal anesthetics.
AB  - With double-masking procedures, the dose-response curves for 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4%
      benoxinate and 0.125, 0.25, and 0.50% proparacaine hydrochloride were determined
      by monitoring changes in corneal touch threshold after applying each anesthetic.
      The level of corneal anesthesia necessary for applanation tonometry was also
      determined. The maximum increase in threshold that could be measured following
      instillation of 50 microliter of the drug was 200 mg/mm2 All 6 anesthetic
      solutions produced this amount of decreased corneal sensitivity. Recovery from
      the anesthetic was exponential for all concentrations; however, the lower doses
      had the shortest duration. For applanation tonometry, the corneal threshold for
      touch must be 75 mg/mm2 or higher. We conclude that a quarter to a half of the
      commonly used anesthetic dose is sufficient for routine tonometric evaluation.

PMID- 677246
TI  - Rod and cone contribution to the EOG ratio.
AB  - The EOG ratio is an established clinical test of retinal function. Since its
      development by Arden and coworkers in 1962, it has been thought of as simply a
      rod-medicated response. Using scotopically matched red and blue lights, we found
      a 24% larger response to the red light than to the blue light, establishing that
      a cone contribution exists in the EOG ratio of normal subjects.

PMID- 677247
TI  - Corneal temperatures--a study of normal and laser-injured corneas in the Dutch
      belted rabbit.
AB  - Air Force laser safety standards are developed from laser-exposure data obtained
      in studies using experimental  animals and from biomathematical modeling
      procedures. Interpretation of research data and predictive modeling calculations
      are enhanced by knowledge of the temperature values of the tissue absorption
      sites. Corneal temperature values for the normal, the anesthetized, and the laser
      injured Dutch belted rabbit are presented and compared with values obtained in
      other studies. The corneal temperatures were measured by infrared radiometry.

PMID- 677248
TI  - Prevalence of trachoma among Navajo Indian children.
AB  - Examination of some 6000 Navajo children in their schools in the Shiprock, New
      Mexico area between 1975 and 1977 yielded an overall prevalence of trachoma of
      2.4%. The prevalence was highest for high schoolers (3.8%) and lowest for
      preschoolers (2.3%). These prevalences are lower than those found (6.0%) for
      Navajo schoolchildren in the Gallup, New Mexico area 8-9 yr previously.

PMID- 677249
TI  - Changes in tear flow accompanying aging.
AB  - The tear-turnover rate of 68 normal human subjects (age range 15-63 yr) was
      determined using a slit lamp modified to serve as a fluorophotometer. Tear volume
      and tear secretion, computed from tear-turnover rate, had mean values of 8.47
      microliter and 1.78 microliter/min, respectively. Analysis of the results shows a
      decrease in tear production with age. The mean tear-flow rate was 1.55
      microliter/min in subjects aged 15-39 and 0.95 microliter/min in subjects aged 40
      63. This fluorophotometer is adaptable to a clinical setting and may prove useful
      in diagnosis and treatment of anomalies of tear production.

PMID- 677250
TI  - Changes in hydrogel contact lens power due to flexure.
AB  - When a hydrogel lens is placed on the eye, its power may change because of
      flexing of the lens. The correcting power of the lens when on the eye can be
      calculated by assuming that the lens flexes to the shape of the underlying
      cornea. Actual measurements of the correcting power of Hydrocurve lens on the eye
      were not in agreement with the calculated values. Assuming that the front and
      back surfaces of the lens flex by the same amount, the presence of a fluid lens
      between the hydrogel lens and the cornea would account for this discrepancy. For
      minus lenses of moderate and high power, it was found that the change in power
      was in the direction of more plus; for low minus and all plus lenses, the change
      was in the direction of more minus. Under the conditions of the present
      investigation, correcting power measured with the lens on the eye was in
      agreement with the calculated value for regular-thickness Hydrocurve lenses of 
      2.00 D and thin lenses of -0.75 D. This is interpreted to mean that lenses of
      these powers conform to the shape of the cornea so that the fluid lens is thin
      and plano. The clinical implications are discussed.

PMID- 677251
TI  - Accommodation as a function of object form.
AB  - The steady-state, monocular accommodation resposne to sinusoidal grating targets
      was assessed as a function of the spatial frequency of the grating and its
      vergence at the eye, using a laser optometer. At all levels of accommodative
      stimulus, the response was found to be dependent on grating frequency. At very
      low frequencies, the response was often substantially in error and was closely
      related to the accommodation exercised by the observer when viewing an empty
      field. At  higher frequencies, the response became more accurate. Possible models
      for accommodative strategies underlying the experimental results are discussed. A
      model involving dynamic evaluation of the changes in retinal-image modulation
      produced by accommodation fluctuations for  many features of the observations.

PMID- 677252
TI  - Light transmission of hydrogel contact lenses.
AB  - The visible-light transmission of various Bausch & Lomb Soflens contact lenses
      and HydrocurveTM contact lenses was measured with a Perkin-Elmer model 202 UV
      spectrophotometer. The light transmission for both types of lenses ranged from 96
      99%, and was almost constant over the visible spectrum. Neither the power, the
      thickness, nor the posterior apical radius of the lenses had a  significant
      effect on the amount of light they transmitted.

PMID- 677253
TI  - Thickness of human cornea measured by topographic pachometry.
AB  - In the hands of trained user, the topographic pachometer proves to be  an
      instrument of acceptable clinical precision (standard deviation = 0.006mm). An
      examination of corneal thinning during waking hours revealed a rate of thinning
      which was greatest upon lid opening and which declined  uniformly throughout the
      day (p = 0.01). An investigation into menstrually related change in corneal
      thickness revealed that at least 122 subjects would be required to investigate
      this change on an acceptable statistical basis (p = 0.05).

PMID- 677254
TI  - Introduction to the symposium on functional amblyopia: sensory or motor disorder?
AB  - The theme of the symposium is identified by 2 questions: (1) is the mechanism
      that underlies functional amblyopia sensory or motor? and (2) How do sensory and
      motor factors contribute to the loss of acuity in amblyopic eyes? The answers to
      these questions as well as to several questions about clinical diagnosis and
      treatment of amblyopia are provided in the following 7 papers and panel
      discussion that comprise this symposium.

PMID- 677255
TI  - Eccentric fixation in amblyopia: is reduced foveal acuity the cause?
AB  - The Worth-Chavasse theory of amblyopia is briefly reviewed with particular
      attention to Worth's explanation that eccentric fixation develops in an attempt
      by the amblyopic eye to fixate with an eccentric retinal locus having higher
      acuity than the fovea. Three experiments are reviewed; these show that of 8
      eccentrically fixating amblyopic eyes tested, 7 had foveal acuity that was higher
      than or equal to the acuity at the eccentric fixation locus. A fourth study is
      reviewed, however, which reports that 24 of 25 eccentrically fixating amblyopic
      eyes had highest acuity at the eccentric retinal locus. With only slight
      reservations, the conclusion from the first 3 experiments that eccentric fixation
      does not occur to improve acuity appears justified, but the contrary results of
      the fourth study, in which fixation was not controlled, cannot easily be
      dismissed. The importance of performing an experiment that accurately measures
      acuity across the retinas of amblyopic eyes with careful control of fixation and
      target location is stressed.

PMID- 677256
TI  - Visual acuity at different retinal loci of eccentrically fixating functional
      amblyopes.
AB  - Visual acuity was measured in eccentrically fixating amblyopic subjects to
      determine the contribution of sensory (inhibitory) and motor (retinal-locus)
      components of the acuity loss. A unique aspect of this research involved the
      subjects' use of auditory feedback to control their unsteady and eccentric
      fixation while responding to flashed (800 msec) or continuously presented targets
      at various eccentricities in the visual field. All 4 amblyopic eyes had maximum
      visual acuity at the fovea; from there, the acuity declined approximately
      symmetrically into the nasal and temporal periphery. Foveal acuity for these
      amblyopic eyes was depressed from the acuity at the fovea of the normal eye. We
      conclude that Worth's explanation of eccentric fixation (eccentric fixation
      develops in an attempt by the amblyopic eye to fixate with a peripheral retinal
      locus having higher acuity than the fovea) cannot apply to our amblyopes. The
      acuity losses exhibited by the amblyopic eyes studied have a sensory (inhibition)
      component and a motor (retinal-locus) component, the sensory component being
      greater for small degrees of eccentric fixation and the motor component being
      greater for large amounts of eccentric fixation.

PMID- 677257
TI  - A sensory mechanism for amblyopia: psychophysical studies.
AB  - Psychophysical investigations of the effect of amblyopic process on the sustained
      and transient channels in the afferent visual pathway are reported. The
      experiments on photopic luminosity, increment-threshold spectral sensitivity,
      spatial contrast sensitivity, and reaction-time measures of suprathreshold
      grating detection provide converging evidence that in naturally occuring
      amblyopia of humans, the sustained neural channels are more severely affected
      than the transient channels. However, it appears that the sustained channels are
      not totally nonfunctional, but rather have a higher intensity requirement than
      normal.

PMID- 677258
TI  - Monocular performance of functional amblyopes: another look at the scotoma
      hypothesis.
AB  - The traditional scotoma hypothesis for functional amblyopia is modified to state:
      whereas the central visual field of a normal visual system and that of an organic
      amblyope become increasingly scotomatous as light level is decreased from high to
      low photopic levels, the reverse is true for the central field of a functionally
      amblyopic visual system. An attempt is made to show how this hypothesis provides
      a unifying explanation for several seemingly different visual performances
      observed in functional amblyopes. The paper deals with (1) field inhomogeneities
      and threshold measures, and (2) threshold changes with light adaptation level.
      Implications of the modified scotoma hypothesis are discussed for (1) the neutral
      density-filter test to distinguish functional from organic amblyopia, (2) the
      reduced CFF threshold for amblyopic eyes, (3) expectations of stereopsis for
      amblyopes, and (4) possible mechanisms for amblyopia.

PMID- 677259
TI  - A motor theory for monocular eccentric fixation of amblyopic eyes.
AB  - A motor theory is proposed to explain monocular eccentric fixation of amblyopic
      eyes. Clinical observations that suggest the involvement of a motor anomaly
      related to strabismus are cited. The model proposes that potentiation (after
      discharge) of the agonist muscle in strabismus results in a nonregistered error
      of monocular fixation of the amblyopic eye. The position error goes undetected as
      a result of reduced sensitivity of the amblyopic eye. Evidence is cited for
      normal muscle potentiation in nonamblyopic eyes. A suggestion is made that
      amblyopia be considered both a sensory and a motor disorder. The sensory disorder
      is the reduced acuity at the fovea of the amblyopic eye. The motor disorder is
      muscle potentiation that causes the amblyopic eye to fixate with an eccentric
      retinal region that has lower acuity than the fovea. A distinction is made
      between motor anomalies that have a sensory basis, such as unsteady fixation in
      anisometropic amblyopia, and motor anomalies that have a motor basis, such as
      eccentric fixation in strabismic amblyopia.

PMID- 677260
TI  - Processing delays in amblyopic eyes: evidence from saccadic latencies.
AB  - Saccadic latencies were measured in amblyopes with constant strabismus, amblyopes
      without strabismus, and intermittent strabismics with or without amblyopia.
      Subjects tracked a small spot of light, either monocularly or binocularly, which
      moved with random horizontal step displacements of 0.25--8.5 deg over the central
      field. Increased saccadic latencies were observed in the amblyopic eyes of 6 of
      11 subjects, with or without strabismus; saccadic latencies were similar in each
      eye of 2 subjects having intermittent strabismus without amblyopia. Amblyopia was
      a necessary condition for increased saccadic latencies and not strabismus.
      Evidence for normal motor control of eye movements in amblyopic subjects is as
      follows: normal saccadic durations in the amblyopic eyes, normal saccadic-latency
      distribution curves for binocular tracking and monocular tracking with the
      nonamblyopic eyes, and synchronous movements of the 2 eyes. Our results are
      interpreted in terms of a processing delay in the sensory pathways leading from
      the central region of the amblyopic eye to the centers involved in saccadic
      initiation.

PMID- 677261
TI  - Discussion of functional amblyopia.

PMID- 677262
TI  - New method for determining the magnifying power of telescopes.
AB  - A new method of measuring the power of optical telescopes is described. This
      method makes use of the vergence amplification that occurs when the light
      incident on the objective lens at a telescope is divergent or convergent. The
      relation between the vergence incident on the objective and vergence emergent
      from the eyepiece depends on the magnifying power and the length of the
      telescope. The method is most simple to apply to short-length, low-powered
      Galilean tesescopes, such as those used as low vision aids, in sports glasses,
      and in telescopic loupes. With such telescopes, holding a lens of known power
      against the objective and measuring the back vertex power of the lens-telescope
      combination using the lensometer and then measuring the telescope length allows
      the determination of the magnifying power of the telescope. The method can be
      adapted to determine the magnification rating of near-vision telescopic loupes.

PMID- 677263
TI  - Sighting dominance and binocular rivalry.
AB  - Two experiments are reported that attempt to explore systematically the role of
      sighting dominance during binocular rivalry. Experiment 1 showed that the
      sighting eye tends to display longer total viewing time, and experiment 2
      indicated that this asymmetry remained even when observers had increased
      experience with rivalrous stimulation. Additional analysis revealed that the
      average dominance period of the sighting eye was longer than that of the
      nonsighting eye, resulting in significant sequencing effects during the rivalry
      process.

PMID- 677264
TI  - Etiology of astigmatism.
AB  - A large amount of evidence suggests that astigmatism is hereditary. Other
      evidence indicates that the prevalence of astigmatism varies widely between and
      within racial groups and that both the direction and the amount of astigmatism
      tend to vary as a function of age and in response to environmental influences.

PMID- 677265
TI  - Characterization of feline glomerulonephritis associated with viral-induced
      hematopoietic neoplasms.
AB  - Light, electron, and immunofluorescence microscopy on tissues from 63 domestic
      cats revealed that glomerulonephritis occurred in almost one third of cats with
      hematopoietic neoplasms of the type linked with feline leukemia virus (FeLV).
      Glomerular lesions were of the immune complex type with subepithelial,
      subendothelial, and mesangial dense deposits and reticular aggregates, similar to
      the nephropathy associated with systemic lupus erythematosus in humans. Evidence
      that the glomerular lesions may be viral-induced raises the possibility of
      similar pathogenetic mechanisms in human disease.

PMID- 677266
TI  - Renal tubulointerstitial lesions in CBA/J mice.
AB  - Renal tubulointerstitial lesions (RTL) were observed with high frequency in CBA/J
      mice more than 2 months old. RTL were characterized by interstitial infiltrates
      of lymphocytes and macrophages in the corticomedullary zone. Multinucleated
      structures sometimes resembling giant cells were present, and there was
      destruction of tubules and tubular basement membranes in areas of infiltration.
      Glomeruli appeared normal. RTL were first seen in  12 to 22 CBA/J mice 2.5 to 3
      months old. By the age of 7 to 9 months, 35 to 45 mice were affected, and all 24
      mice 12 months old or older had RTL. CBA/J mice had these unique renal lesions
      whether they were purchased and examined immediately, were obtained as weanlings
      andreared in our quarters or those of another institution, or were fourth
      generation descendants of purchased breeders. The propensity to develop RTL has
      been present in this strain for at least 2 years. RTL were not observed in
      C57BL/6J mice housed for 14 months with affected animals or in a survey of
      CBA/HUmc, C57BL/6J, A/J, BALB/cJ, or C3H/HeJ mice. Immunofluorescent examination
      of CBA/J kidneys appears to rule out antitubular basement membrane autoantibodies
      or immune complexes in the pathogenesis of RTL.

PMID- 677267
TI  - Sensitization to the generalized Shwartzman reaction by catechol-O
      methyltransferase inhibitors.
AB  - The generalized Shwartzman reaction (GSR) was produced by a single injection of
      endotoxin in male rats pretreated with catechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT)
      inhibitors (tropolone, pyrogallol). Such a result was not obtained with
      inhibitors (pargyline, phenelzine, isocarboxazide) of the monoamine oxidase
      (MAO). The inhibitors of the COMT were found to enhance the action of endotoxin
      on the coagulation system such as evidenced by the increased consumptions of
      Hageman factor, fibrinogen, and platelets. Tropolone-treated rabbits did not
      require exogenous stimulation of alpha-adrenergic receptor sites by
      norepinephrine to localize thrombi in the glomerular capillaries when Hageman
      factor was activated by ellagic acid and fibrinolysis inhibited by epsilon-amino
      caproic acid. It is concluded that interference with the degradation of
      circulating catecholamines results in sensitization to the generalized Shwartzman
      reaction.

PMID- 677268
TI  - Anchoring fibrils. A new connective tissue structure in fibrotic lung disease.
AB  - Electron microscopic studies of lung were made and compared in 17 patients with
      lung disease (10 with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, 3 with collagen--vascular
      diseases, 3 with sarcoidosis, and 1 with chronic eosinophilic pneumonia) and in 5
      control patients. In control patients, the alveolar epithelial cells were normal,
      and no hemidesmosomes were present between the plasma membranes and the basal
      laminae. In comparison, cuboidal alveolar epithelial cells were present in 15 of
      the patients with fibrotic lung disease; in 9 of these the alveolar epithelial
      cells were multilayered. In 7 of the latter 9 patients (5 with idiopathic
      pulmonary fibrosis and 2 with collagen-vascular diseases), the basal laminae of
      the alveolar epithelial cells were attached to the plasma membranes by
      hemidesmosomes and to the underlying interstitial connective tissue by "anchoring
      fibrils." These fibrils measured from 4000 to 6000 A in length and from 200 to
      600 A in width. One or both ends of the anchoring fibrils inserted into thebasal
      lamina, often forming arcs through which collagen fibrils and connective tissue
      microfibrils penetrated. Anchoring fibrils showed a complex pattern of transverse
      banding, which differed from that of collagen and appeared to be symmetric about
      the center of the fibril. These anchoring fibrils, which resemble those in normal
      skin and other tissues, were not found in lungs of control patients. In addition,
      there was a significant correlation between the severity of the pulmonary
      fibrosis and the presence of anchoring fibrils. These observations suggest that
      in severe fibrotic lung disease, anchoring fibrils reinforce the attachment of
      the basal lamina of multilayered alveolar epithelial cells to interstitial
      connective tissue.

PMID- 677269
TI  - Ultrastructure of the myocardium after pulmonary embolism. A study in the rat.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to find out whether acute massive pulmonary
      embolism can produce myocardial changes visible by light and electron microscopy.
      Ww therefore produced pulmonary embolism in rats using plastic microspheres
      (diameter, 15 +/- 5 mu). Two experimental protocols were used: lethal embolism,
      with a dose of microspheres known to kill in 3 to 15 hours (these rats were
      killed after 1 hour), and sublethal embolism, with a dose compatible with 100%
      survival (these rats were killed after 24 hours). In both groups, the left
      ventricle was normal. The right ventricle showed two tyes of changes: a) A
      distinctive lesion of the myocytes, more diffuse after lethal enbolism and
      different from the "zonal lesion" of shock. It consisted primarily in a localized
      shredding of the myofibrillar system; hence, the name shredding is  proposed.
      Earlier stages of this lesion were represented by focal dissolution of the Z line
      (Z lysis). The pathogenesis of these lesions appeared to be primarily mechanical.
      b) Necrosis was already apparent at 1 hour and was more extensive after 24 hours.
      The pathogensis of the necrotic lesions is best explained by a temporary ischemia
      followed by delayed reflow; a possible potentiating role of endogenous
      catecholamines cannot be excluded. Most capilaries in the necrotic foci remained
      functional; this explains the rapid rate of the healing process of such lesions.
      A comparison is drawn between the observed foci of necrosis and the human
      myocardial lesions knowns as "miliary infarcts" and "myocytolysis." It is
      proposed that a factor common to all three is the preservation of the
      microcirculatory vessels and that our experimental model helps illuminate the
      pathogenesis of the human lesions. It is concluded that the right ventricle of
      acute cor pulmonale may develop cellular changes with a complex pathologenesis
      (mechanical, ischemic, and possibly hormonal). The nature of the changes found in
      our model could represent the morphologic substrate of right-sided failure; it
      can be correlated with the electrocardiographic abnormalities found in the
      comparable human condition.

PMID- 677270
TI  - Ultrastructural evaluation of the effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on bone of
      thyroparathyroidectomized rats fed a low-calcium diet.
AB  - Thyroparathyroidectomized rats fed a low-calcium-normal-phosphorus diet were
      administered 1 or 5 units of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-(1,25-[OH]2D3) or placebo
      daily for 7 days. 1,25-(OH)2D3 elevated serum and urine calcium and decreased
      serum phosphorus. Rats given 1 unit of 1,25-(OH)2D3 had increased numbers of
      osteoclasts in metaphyseal trabeculae, Ultrastructurally, osteoclasts,
      osteoblasts, and osteocytes in rats given 1 unit of 1,25-(OH)2D3, were similar to
      those in rats given placebo. In rats given 5 units of 1,25-(OH)2D3, osteoclasis
      was markedly increased. Osteoblasts were more numerous and interpreted to be
      active in matrix production and mineralization. Lamellated electron-dense bodies
      were observed adjacent to the plasma membranes of less active osteoblasts and
      were interpreted to be modified matrix. Most osteocytes in rats given 5 units of
      1,25-(OH)2D3 were indistinguishable from osteocytes in rats given placebo.
      However,the pericellular space of some osteocytes in rats given 5 units of 1,25
      (OH)2D3 contained electron-dense granular deposits that were interpreted to be
      calcium phosphate. It is concluded that 1,25-(OH)2D3 is able to significantly
      elevate serum calcium independent of dietary calcium, parathyroid hormone, and
      calcitonin primarily by increasing ostoeclasis with minimal dependence on
      osteocytic osteolysis.

PMID- 677271
TI  - Dose-dependent inhibition of experimental arterial thrombosis by carbenicillin
      and ticarcillin.
AB  - An experimental model of canine arterial thrombosis was used to study by
      prophylactic antithrombotic effectiveness of carbenicillin and ticarcillin, two
      semisynthetic penicillins which have been shown to inhibit platelet function in
      vivo. Isolated peripheral arterial segments were injected with pronase and
      biopsied at 24 hours. In untreated dogs, 89% of injected segments totally
      occluded with thrombus. Prophylactic treatment for 3 to 7 days with carbenicillin
      or ticarcillin in low doses (250 mg/kg/day) or high doses 750 mg/kg/day)
      significantly decreased the incidence of total occlusion to 53% and 6%,
      respectively. The dose-dependent inhibition of arterial thrombosis correlated
      with dose-dependent inhibition of platelet function. Prophylactic treatment with
      aspirin in low doses (650 mg/day) or high doses (2600 mg/day) did not
      significantly decrease the incidence of total occlusion in this model.
      Carbenicillin and ticarcillin are effective experimental antithrombotic agents.

PMID- 677272
TI  - Hydrocephalus, congenital hydrocephalus. Aminal model: bovine hydrocephalus,
      congenital internal hydrocephalus, aqueductal stenosis.

PMID- 677273
TI  - Leaving the family out of family court: criminalizing the juvenile justice
      system.

PMID- 677274
TI  - A prevention parable revisited.

PMID- 677275
TI  - Debathtubization: a modern fable.

PMID- 677276
TI  - Some effects of bicultural and monocultural school environments on personality
      development.
AB  - Preadolescent girls in a bicultural school, compared with those in a monocultural
      school, showed more heterocultural peer-group organization, better self-image,
      and greater acceptance of an unknown cultural group. These differences were not
      found among younger (latency-age) children in the two schools. No significant
      differences were found in role-taking ability between girls in the two schools,
      suggesting that the bicultural school environment contributes to the difference
      in the other personality dimensions studied.

PMID- 677277
TI  - Methods for studying sensitive family topics.
AB  - Researchers on sensitive topics in family relations face a number of obstacles,
      due to the private nature of the family and to ethical constraints on the study
      of humans. Difficulties in locating subjects, engaging their cooperation, and
      obtaining valid and reliable data are discussed, and methods are proposed for
      pursuing research on these important but frequently taboo topics.

PMID- 677278
TI  - The behavioral symptoms of hyperkinetic children who successfully responded to
      stimulant drug treatment.
AB  - Hyperkinetic children who successfully responded to drug treatment were compared
      with controls on a series of objective measures of activity and attentional
      problems. Although group differences were found on most measures, there were no
      indications that these children were more homogeneous in their behavioral
      symptoms than the hyperkinetic population in general.

PMID- 677279
TI  - Hyperactives as young adults: school, employer, and self-rating scales obtained
      during ten-year follow-up evaluation.
AB  - A ten-year prospective follow-up of hyperactive adolescents and young adults
      indicates that they are rated as markedly inferior to normal controls by teachers
      but not by employers. On self-rating scales, they view themselves as inferior to
      controls on a personality test, but no different than controls on a
      psychopathology scale.

PMID- 677280
TI  - The role of goal attainment scaling in evaluating family therapy outcome.
AB  - The role of an individualized goal attainment procedure as an outcome measure for
      brief family therapy is described. Establishment of a scale and assessment of
      goal attainment at six-month follow-up are reported in a study of some 270
      families. Results support the procedure as being a reliable and valid means of
      examining the outcome status of treated families.

PMID- 677281
TI  - Attitudes towards symptoms and services in the ethnic family and neighborhood.
AB  - Research in Baltimore's Italian and Polish neighborhoods suggest that the
      extended family is seen as the front-line resource for intensive advice on
      emotional problems. Mental health specialists frequently are not preceived as the
      appropriate agents for meeting problems that are beyond the expertise of the
      family and local community. Implications for community mental health are
      examined.

PMID- 677282
TI  - Battered wives: barriers to identification and treatment.
AB  - As it becomes increasingly evident that wife-beating is widespread in the United
      States, the need for adequate professional assitance to the victims becomes more
      pressing. This study, reflecting the author's experiences in offering psychiatric
      counseling to battered wives, outlines the difficulties in reaching out to this
      population and offers suggestions for treatment approaches.

PMID- 677283
TI  - Adolescent health services and contraceptive use.
AB  - A pilot study of a health services program for never-pregnant high-school
      students, which stresses development of incentives for personal involvement in
      their own health care, reports a low incidence of unintended pregnancy among
      girls who requested contraceptives. The social and emotional characteristics of
      those who continued contraceptive use are compared with the small group who had
      uninteneded pregnancies.

PMID- 677284
TI  - A group approach to the depressed adolescent girl in foster care.
AB  - Depression reactive to severe early loss and current environmental pressure is a
      salient common characteristic of many adolescent girls in foster care. This paper
      describes work with developmentally-oriented mutual aid groups focused on
      depression and coping, which have been successful in promoting ego strengths and
      growth in this population.

PMID- 677285
TI  - Late-life paranoid states: assessment and treatment.
AB  - Paranoid states are a frequent and often disturbing disorder in the elderly, but
      treatment potentials are often overlooked. Etiological factors are reviewed, with
      attention to differential diagnosis. Treatment issues, including the role of a
      therapeutic relationship, the impact on the person's social network and
      prognosis, are discussed.

PMID- 677286
TI  - A paradigm for the classification of emotional crises: implications for crisis
      intervention.
AB  - A model for the classification of six general types of crises frequently
      encountered in crisis clinics is presented. Defining characteristics,
      intervention strategy, and a case example are considered for each type of crisis.
      The model is proposed for teaching crisis therapy and enhancing the effectiveness
      of crisis intervention in clinical contexts.

PMID- 677287
TI  - Toward formalized curricula in continuing professional education.

PMID- 677288
TI  - The vermiculate surface pattern of brow ridges in Neandertal and modern crania.
AB  - A convoluted surface pattern of ridges and grooves characterizes the frontal
      torus in adult Neandertal fossils. Modern human skulls rarely have the pattern
      well developed. It is not observed in postcranial bones, nor in skulls of
      Neandertal children. This vermiculate bone is resistant to oriented cracking from
      weathering or fractures. Structural characteristics of the bone give evidence on
      the problem of the function of hominid brow ridges.

PMID- 677289
TI  - Univariate and multivariate methods for sexing the sacrum.
AB  - Metric data on 200 sacra of known sex, age and race are analyzed to determine the
      usefulness of conventional observations for determining sex in this bone. Results
      of the univariate analysis show that significant sex differences in the sacrum
      involve primarily the top portion of the bone for both whites and blacks.
      However, measurements of curvature are important sex differences in the sample of
      blacks. A new index relating the S1 body to sacral breadth is proposed as more
      useful in classifying the bones by sex than indices involving other measurements.
      Discriminant analysis shows that the sample of whites can be analyzed
      significantly better by this method than by using an index. The choice of
      univariate or multivariate method must depend on the condition of the bone, and
      will be influenced to some extent by the race from which the sample is drawn.

PMID- 677290
TI  - Distribution of albumin variants Naskapi amd Mexico among Aleuts, Frobisher Bay
      Eskimos, and Micmac, Naskapi, Mohawk, Omaha, and Apache Indians.
AB  - In order to help define the boundaries of the distribution of the albumin
      variants Naskapi and Mexico which are polymorphic among several American Indian
      groups, we examined sera from Micmac, Mohawk, Northwest River Naskapi, Omaha and
      Apache Indians, and from Aleuts and Eskimos. Sera from a total of 1,524
      individuals were examined. Using a cellulose acetate membrane electrophoretic
      system with Tris-Citric acid at pH 5.4 we were able to distinguish normal albumin
      and both variants in the same run. Naskapi and Mexico variants were absent from
      Aleut, Eskimo, Micmac, Mohawk and Omaha samples. The albumin Naskapi variant was
      present in an allele frequency of 0.03 in the Naskapi Indian sample. Albumin
      variants Naskapi and Mexico were found in the Apache sample at frequencies of
      0.016 and 0.037, respectively. This report supersedes that previously published
      by Schell and Agarwal ('76). Generally, within an area there is a correspondence
      between changes in the frequency of albumin variants and changes in the ethnic
      background and history of the area's populations. At the same time, when viewing
      widely separated areas, relationships between distant groups based on linguistic
      and cultural similarities are paralleled on a biologic level by the distribution
      of normal albumin and variant albumins.

PMID- 677291
TI  - Statistical power in physical anthropology: a technical report.
AB  - A statistical power analysis of The American Journal of Physical Anthropology
      (Volume 44, 1976) was conducted. Twenty-five articles, which included 3,304 major
      significance tests, constituted the final sample. Resultant power estimates of
      0.38, 0.62, and 0.81, corresponding to small, medium, and large population
      effects respectively, were obtained. Although the medium effect size estimate
      falls short of the recommended 0.80 level, the statistical power of physical
      anthropological research fares well relative to several of the social scientific
      fields of inquiry.

PMID- 677292
TI  - ABO blood groups in Chilean and Peruvian mummies. II. Results of agglutination
      inhibition technique.
AB  - ABO blood groups of Peruvian and Chilean mummies were determined with the
      agglutination-inhibition method. In Peru all ABO blood groups were found in the
      period from 3000 B.C. to 1400 A.D.; from this period to 1650 only A and O were
      seen. In Chile no B or AB was noted either in pre-Columbian or Colonial mummies.
      This confirms the archeological concept that the Chilean Indian was culturally as
      well as genetically different from the Peruvian Indian. Further studies using
      other genetic markers are in order, as well as changing certain preconceived
      notions on blood groups of American Indians.

PMID- 677293
TI  - Red cell glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency among Andhras.
AB  - Sixty-eight Andhra males and 45 Andhra females from Visakhapatnam town of Andhra
      Pradesh, India have been investigated for G-6-PD deficiency. The GdB- gene has a
      frequency of 4.41% among males. No G-6-PH deficient females were detected. The
      present data have been compared with the available tribal and non-tribal data
      from Andhra Pradesh. It is observed that the present sample, though non-tribal in
      nature, presents a relatively considerable frequency of the GdB- gene.

PMID- 677294
TI  - The effects of stress on cortical bone thickness in rodents.
AB  - The right and left femora of three groups of rodents, cold stressed, noise
      stressed, and heat stressed, were sectioned transversely at the most inferior
      point of the third trochanter. Cortical bone thickness of the proximal section
      for all three groups was determined by measuring an enlargement obtained with a
      Wild stereo microscope with a camera lucida drawing attachment. Cold stressed
      animals were found to have significantly thinner cortical bone than did controls,
      noise stressed animals did not differ from controls, and heat stressed animals
      had thinner cortical bone than did controls. It is concluded that stress may be
      responsible for the thinner cortex of cold and heat stressed animals, but that
      other factors may be at work and that it is not possible to tell whether
      different types of stress act through the same or through different mechanisms.

PMID- 677295
TI  - Interobserver error in human skin colorimetry.
AB  - Twenty light-skinned adults were measured at the upper inner arm site using two
      commonly used reflectance spectrophotometers. Each subject was measured by each
      of three investigators to assess the influence of interobserver error on the
      reflectance readings. A repeated measures design analysis of variance showed no
      significant variance component due to observers.

PMID- 677296
TI  - Empirical comparison of distance equations using discrete traits.
AB  - The use of the Grewal-Smith statistic in measuring biological distance among
      skeletal population samples has been questioned since it was first applied to
      human populations. Recently, in an attempt to stabilize the variance of the
      Grewal-Smith statistic for use with non-metric analysis, Sjohivold ('73) and
      Green and Suchey ('76) have introduced corrections and alternative
      transformations which may enhance the meaning of biological distance among
      population samples. Their recommendations improve the statistics for specific
      variable ranges; i.e., small sample size and low trait frequencies. Thirteen
      equations representing Grewal-Smith, Freeman-Tukey, Anscombe, and Bartlett
      transformations and/or corrections, were compared using rank order correlation
      statistics on actual biological distances generated by real population data as
      presented in existing literature. Results from testing these actual distance
      models show little variation between equations based on the populational data
      sets used. Based on these findings, the distance model resulting from the Grewal
      Smith statistic is not inferior to the more sophisticated models, although the
      latter may be superior allowing specific improvements for small sample size
      and/or low trait frequencies.

PMID- 677297
TI  - Electromyography of pongid shoulder muscles II. Deltoid, rhomboid and "rotator
      cuff".

PMID- 677298
TI  - Electromyography of pongid shoulder muscles III. Quadrupedal positional behavior.
AB  - Electromyographic (EMG) recordings were taken from 14 shoulder muscles (or major
      parts of them) in a gorilla, a chimpanzee and an orangutan as they stood
      quadrupedally and tripedally, descended from elevated substrates, crutch-walked,
      and progressed quadrupedally on inclined and level substrates. In the African
      apes, low potentials commonly (but not always) occurred in the sternocostal
      pectoralis major, anterior deltoid, supraspinatus and subscapularis muscles
      during quadrupedal stance. The quadrupedal orangutan always exhibited low
      potentials in the pectoralis major muscle and EMG activity commonly occurred in
      her supraspinatus and subscapularis muscles. Quiescent tripedal stances were not
      accompanied by striking changes in EMG patterns from those which characterized
      quadrupedal stances. Per contra, eccentric loadings of the forelimb during
      descents from elevated substrates generally recruited notable EMG activity in the
      deltoid, supraspinatus and, to a lesser extent, infraspinatus muscles of the
      three pongid apes. The pectoralis major and caudal serratus anterior muscles were
      much more active in Pongo and Pan during these descents. Supportive segments of
      quadrupedal locomotive cycles were generally accompanied by EMG activity in the
      pectoralis major, intermediate and posterior deltoid and supraspinatus muscles.
      The intermediate and posterior deltoid muscles were characteristically active
      during pre-release of the hand and early swing phase. The cranial trapezius and
      supraspinatus muscles also may act during early swing phase. We conclude that the
      pectoralis major and perhaps the supraspinatus and subscapularis might serve
      regularly as postural muscles during static terrestrial quadrupedalism in pongid
      apes. The lack of dramatic differences between the EMG patterns exhibited during
      fist-walking versus knuckle-walking indicates that an evolutionary transformation
      from a shoulder complex like that of Pongo to ones like Pan or vice versa need
      not entail major changes in myological features.

PMID- 677299
TI  - A re-examination of parturition scars on the human female pelvis.
AB  - Pits, cavities and depressions located on the dorsal surface of the pubic
      symphysis of females have been attributed to the trauma of parturition. Earlier
      research based on human skeletal remains provides inadequate information on the
      individual's obstetrical history. The 68 female pubic bones that were studied had
      comprehensive medical records indicating whether or not each female had given
      birth. Fourteen and one-half percent of the females who had not given birth
      exhibited trace to small scarring of the pubic symphysis and 23.4% of the females
      who had not given birth exhibited medium to large scarring. It is suggested that
      bony changes previously used as an indicator of child bearing must be re-examined
      in light of the fact that "birth scarring" has been found in women known not to
      have had children.

PMID- 677300
TI  - Chemical energetics of single isometric tetani in mammalian smooth muscle.
AB  - A rabbit taenia coli preparation has been used to study the chemical energetics
      of smooth muscle contraction. Under the experimental conditions, the muscle had
      no spontaneous mechanical activity, but could be fully activated with the use of
      electrical field stimulation. ATP resynthesis from glycolysis and respiration was
      stopped with a procedure that involved treatment with metabolic inhibitors at 5
      degrees C followed by rewarming to 18 degrees C. This procedure did not alter the
      high-energy phosphate contents of mechanical responses of the muscle. Use of this
      preparation to determine ATP and phosphorylcreatine changes during isometric
      tetani at 18 degrees C and a length of 86% LO showed that there was net ATP
      breakdown initially with no significant phosphorylcreatine splitting. This was
      followed by an increase in the rate of phosphorylcreatine splitting with net ATP
      synthesis. The average rate of total high-energy phosphate utilization was about
      0.01 mumol/g.s for up to 60 s or about 150 times less than that of frog sartorius
      at the same temperature.

PMID- 677301
TI  - Contribution of sodium pump to resting potential of squid giant axon.
AB  - The effect of the cardiotonic aglycone, strophanthidin, on sodium and potassium
      efflux, membrane potential, membrane conductance, potassium permeability, and the
      shape of the action potential of the giant axon of the squid, Loligo pealei, was
      examined. Strophanthidin depolarized the membrane to an extent determined by the
      intracellular sodium concentration, except in axons pretreated with cyanide, in
      which the effect is abolished. Cyanide itself hyperpolarized the axon membrane.
      Axons treated with strophanthidin appear to be better potassium electrodes, but
      this observation is fully accounted for by the stimulating effect of [K]o on an
      electrogenic sodium pump. The increase in potassium efflux produced by
      strophanthidin is also well accounted for by the observed membrane depolarization
      and the known dependence of potassium permeability on membrane potential (e-fold
      increase in efflux per 6.4 mV depolarization). Strophanthidin has no demonstrable
      effect on membrane conductance apart from that due to the observed
      depolarization. These findings support the view that cardiotonic steroids, at
      least in nerve, are specific inhibitors of the sodium pump, devoid of effects on
      permeability that might interfere with the study of electrogenic pumping. The
      alteration in the shape of the action potential after exposure to strophanthidin
      (deepening of the "underswing") suggests that the strophanthidin-induced membrane
      depolarization results from the inhibition of a true electrogenic pump, and not
      from ion redistributions in the vicinity of the membrane.

PMID- 677302
TI  - Electric current generated by squid giant axon sodium pump: external K and
      internal ADP effects.
AB  - The operation of the sodium pump of giant axons of the squid, Loligo pealei, has
      been studied simultaneously in two independent ways: 1) by measuring sodium
      efflux with 22Na, and 2) by calculating the transmembrane current generated by
      the pump from measurements of membrane resistance and digitalis-sensitive
      membrane potential. In normal, untreated axons, the effect of increasing the
      external potassium concentration on both sodium efflux and pump current is
      similar, which suggests that Na:K pump stoichiometry remains relatively constant
      in the range of 0-20 mM external K. The data are compatible with a 3:2 Na:K
      ratio. In axons whose intracellular ADP level has been elevated by injection of L
      arginine, a large, electrically silent, cardiotonic steroid-sensitive sodium
      efflux takes place in the absence of external potassium; this suggests that pump
      mediated Na:Na exchange is 1:1 or electroneutral. Finally, elevation of external
      potassium levels causes the appearance, in high-ADP axons, of electrogenic
      pumping, with little effect on sodium efflux; hence, in contrast to what is seen
      in normal (low-ADP) axons, the charge translocated, per sodium ion extruded,
      increases sharply with increasing extracellular potassium levels.

PMID- 677303
TI  - An inexpensive, high output voltage, voltage clamp for epithelial membranes.
AB  - A circuit is described that can produce a high output voltage to automatically
      short-circuit an epithelial tissue mounted in an Ussing chamber. Because of its
      high output voltage it can short-circuit preparations requiring over 500 muA even
      in conjunction with high-resistance agar bridges. The circuit, which is easy to
      build, uses an inexpensive, low-voltage, integrated circuit operational
      amplifier, which is electrically isolated from the high-voltage part of the
      circuit by an optical isolator. The device can also be modified for use as a high
      impedance preamplifier for monitoring the spontaneous membrane potential.

PMID- 677304
TI  - Flow and potentials during perfusion of lacrimal gland with electrolyte
      solutions.
AB  - Resting membrane potentials, acetylcholine (ACh)-induced change in membrane
      potentials of lacrimal gland cells, and ACh-induced flow from the excretory duct
      of the lacrimal gland were recorded during close intra-arterial perfusion of
      various electrolyte solutions. Resting membrane potentials were unchanged during
      perfusion with Na+-free, Cl--free, K+-free, and K+-rich solutions. Regardless of
      the composition of the perfusion solution, ACh induced hyperpolarization of the
      majority of cells but it also induced depolarization or biphasic potential or no
      change in potential in a significant number of cells. When the gland was perfused
      with a Na+-free or a Cl--free solution, the magnitude of the ACh-induced
      hyperpolarization was not changed but ACh-induced flow was markedly decreased. We
      conclude that the process(es) responsible for the ACh-induced change in potential
      may differ from those responsible for the ACh-induced flow and caution should be
      used when drawing conclusions about mechanisms of secretion solely from analysis
      of electrophysiological data.

PMID- 677305
TI  - Bicarbonate secretion and solute absorption in forestomach of the llama.
AB  - Bicarbonate appearance in the lumen and its relationship to solute absorption
      were studied in a Pavlov pouch in the cardiac region of the first compartment of
      the llama forestomach. HCO3- appearance showed no diurnal variation. HCO3-
      accumulation was highly dependent on the pH of the solution used. The HCO3- ion
      probably is formed from CO2 diffusing into the lumen from the serosal side, as a
      result of cell metabolism and of OH- ions. HCO3- accumulation was closely related
      to volatile fatty acid (VFA) absorption. The ratio of HCO3- appearance to VFA
      absorption depended on the pH of the solution. At a pH of 6.6, about 0.1 mol HCO3
      and, at a pH of 7.8, 0.9 mol HCO3- appeared per mole absorbed VFA, indicating
      that at slightly alkaline pH nearly all H+ ions required for the nonionic
      absorption of VFA appeared to be delivered from the dissociation of H2CO3.
      Bicarbonate gain and VFA absorption were increased when animals were not fed for
      48 h. Sodium absorption was related to VFA as well as water absorption.

PMID- 677306
TI  - Specific effect of acetylsalicylic acid on cation transport of isolated gastric
      mucosal cells.

PMID- 677307
TI  - Effect of insulin on incorporation of 14C-labeled pyruvates and bicarbonate into
      blood glucose of fasted mice.

PMID- 677308
TI  - Effects of gastrin and vagal denervation on DNA synthesis in canine fundic
      mucosa.

PMID- 677309
TI  - Transamination of branched-chain keto acids by isolated perfused rat kidney.
AB  - Isolated rat kidney perfused without substrate released serine, glycine, and
      taurine, and substantially smaller amounts of other amino acids. When branched
      chain keto acids were added, the corresponding amino acids were released at rates
      amounting to 15-25% of keto acid disappearance. Perfusion with 2 mM alpha-keto
      isovalerate or alpha-keto-beta-methylvalerate caused an increased glucose release
      amounting to 18-23% of keto acid disappearance. The activity of branched-chain
      amino acid transferase (BATase) was significantly stimulated by perfusion with
      the analogue of leucine, but not by perfusion with alpha-ketoglutarate, the
      analogues of valine or isoleucine, or with leucine itself. These findings
      document that the kidney converts branched-chain keto acids in part to the
      corresponding amino acids and suggest that the keto analogue of leucine may be
      involved in the control of renal BATase activity, thereby indirectly regulating
      the metabolism of branched-chain amino acids.

PMID- 677310
TI  - Effect of experimental hyperinsulinemia on insulin binding and glucose transport
      in isolated rat adipocytes.

PMID- 677311
TI  - Responses of feline esophagus to cervical vagal stimulation.
AB  - We used an in vivo feline model to study striated and smooth-muscle esophageal
      responses to cervical vagal stimulation (VS). Circular esophageal contractions
      were measured by intraluminal pressure sensors and longitudinal contractions by a
      force transducer. Responses to VS were recorded before and after giving
      succinylcholine, atropine, or both. Circular contractions characteristic of
      striated and smooth muscle were recorded from the mid- and distal esophagus,
      respectively. With increases in VS frequency, the striated muscle showed rapid,
      repetitive twitches progressing to tetany. These fast contractions had a square
      wave configuration at VS greater than or equal to 10 Hz and were abolished by
      succinylcholine. In contrast, the slow-twitch circular responses of smooth muscle
      showed no repetitive twitches and had a bell-shaped configuration. Two types of
      circular smooth-muscle contractions were observed: 1) A wave "on contractions"
      occurred 0.5-1.0 s after VS onset, regardless of stimulus length, and 2)
      infrequent B wave "off contractions" occurred only after stimulus cessation. The
      longitudinal esophageal contractions had a compound wave form with both striated
      and smooth-muscle components. Atropine abolished the slow component of the
      longitudinal contraction, the circular A wave, and peristalsis in the distal
      esophagus. We conclude that cholinergic motor neurons are an important pathway
      for eliciting peristalsis in feline esophageal smooth muscle.

PMID- 677312
TI  - Parallel pathways for ion transport across rat gastric mucosa: effect of ethanol.
AB  - Transmural fluxes of 22Na or 36Cl across the isolated rat gastric mucosa were
      measured simultaneously with [3H]mannitol in an attempt to separate transmural
      ionic movement into cellular and noncellular components. The relationships
      between mannitol flux and the fluxes of Na and Cl are characteristic of simple
      diffusion, suggesting that mannitol traverses the isolated epithelium largely via
      noncellular pathways. The total tissue conductance can be described as the sum of
      two components, one of which is highly correlated with the transmural mannitol
      flux and presumably represents the conductance of a noncellular leak path. The
      cellular components of the mucosa-to-serosa Na flux and of both Cl fluxes are
      highly correlated with the short-circuit current. Exposure of the mucosal surface
      of the epithelium to 4% ethanol reduces the short-circuit current and increases
      the electrical conductance. Ethanol inhibits the active transport of Na and Cl
      and increases the apparent permeability of noncellular pathways for transmural
      ionic diffusion.

PMID- 677313
TI  - Skeletal mass in postmenopausal women.
AB  - The techniques of photon absorptiometry of the radius and total body neutron
      activation analysis were used for the determination of bone mineral content and
      total body calcium, respectively. The subjects consisted of 71 normal women who
      were 1-5 yr postmenopausal and 44 osteoporotic women who had crush fractures of
      the dorsal spine. Both bone mineral content and total body calcium were corrected
      for age and body size by using the ratio of observed values to those predicted
      from previously derived equations. Discrimant analysis involving both
      osteoporotic and normal postmenopausal women resulted in the successful
      assignment of 81% of the 115 subjects to their correct group. Statistical
      analyses of the distribution of the bone mass of the postmenopausal women yielded
      no evidence to support the hypothesis that a subgroup exists with bone mass
      levels markedly different from the remainder of the women.

PMID- 677314
TI  - Hepatic insulin and glucagon extraction after their augmented secretion in dogs.
AB  - Effects of intravenous arginine and cholecystokinin-pancreozymin (CCK-PZ)
      infusion on hepatic extraction of insulin (EI) and glucagon (EGG) and also on
      hepatic glucose output (HGO) were studied in anesthetized dogs. Because insulin
      and glucagon exert antagonistic effects on HGO, insulin:glucagon (I/GG) molar
      ratios were determined in the portal vein and also in peripheral vessels. During
      the arginine-CCK-PZ infusion the amount of insulin and glucagon coming to the
      liver increased 12- and 15-fold, respectively. In contrast EI decreased
      significantly from a control value of 62 +/- 6% to a nadir of 22 +/- 13%. EGG
      (control value 19 +/- 9%), however, was unaffected by arginine-CCK-PZ. The
      absence of any alteration in EGG cannot be attributed to the molecular
      heterogeneity of the immunoreactive glucagon. HGO increased fourfold in response
      to the pancreatic stimulation, whereas portal I/GG decreased significantly from
      8.2 +/- 0.9 to 5.0 +/- 0.7. The concurrent femoral arterial I/GG (control 3.7 +/-
      1.0) and mesenteric venous I/GG (control 2.1 +/- 0.5) increased significantly.
      These observations indicate that portal, but not peripheral, I/GG measurements
      reflect hepatic events in anesthetized dogs, probably because of the different
      extraction patterns for insulin and glucagon.

PMID- 677315
TI  - Mobilization of ascites in cirrhotic dogs following furosemide or mannitol
      diuresis.
AB  - Mobilization of ascites was studied in 20 anesthetized dogs with experimental
      cirrhosis following a mannitol- or furosemide-induced diuresis. Observations were
      made at 2 h following the drug, at which time the diuresis was invariably
      completed, and repeated at 4 h following a 2-h recovery period, during which the
      ureters were clamped to prevent further urinary losses. In the furosemide group
      the mean urinary loss was 459 +/- 6 ml and was accompanied by a decline in
      central venous pressure and hemoconcentration. At 2 h plasma volume had declined
      by 14% from control values, but at 4 h plasma replenishment was 99% complete. At
      this time ascites volume had decreased by 467 ml, acting as the major source for
      vascular replenishment. In the mannitol group, the average urinary loss was 190
      +/- 10 ml and was accompanied by maintenance of venous pressure, lack of
      hemoconcentration, and hyponatremia. At 2 h plasma volume had expanded from
      control values by 22%, but at 4 h vascular replenishment was only 78% complete.
      The average ascites volume had decreased by only 55% of the diuretic loss, and
      was mobilized by a complex sequence of events involving movement of intracellular
      water.

PMID- 677316
TI  - Urinary zinc excretion following infusions of zinc sulfate, cysteine, histidine,
      or glycine.
AB  - Zinc sulfate (40 mg elemental zinc) or one of three amino acids (5 or 10 g
      cysteine, 10 g histidine, or 10 g glycine) was infused into anesthetized dogs
      over a 60-min period. Plasma concentrations and urine excretions of zinc and five
      other cations, and glomerular filtration rates were determined before, during,
      and after these infusions. Infusions of zinc sufficient to produce a 20-fold
      increase in total plasma zinc concentrations had little effect on urinary zinc
      excretions (threefold increase) or plasma ultrafilterable zinc concentrations.
      Ten grams of cysteine urinary zinc excretions more than 100-fold, 5 g of cysteine
      increased zinc excretions more than 30-fold, 10 g of histidine increased zinc
      excretions sixfold, and 10 g of glycine had no effect. Cysteine infusions
      appeared to produce a net tubular secretion of zinc. Only histidine appeared to
      increase serum ultrafilterable zinc concentrations significantly. It would appear
      that plasma and urine concentrations of certain amino acids, specifically
      cysteine and histidine, along with polypeptides and other metabolites containing
      these amino acids, may be major determinants of urinary zinc excretion.

PMID- 677317
TI  - Angiotensin II, renal nerves, and prostaglandins in renal hemodynamics during
      hemorrhage.

PMID- 677318
TI  - Effects of glucose and insulin on metabolism and function of perfused rat kidney.

PMID- 677319
TI  - Inhibition of renin release from rat kidney slices by the angiotensins.
AB  - The mechanism and structural basis of the inhibition of renin release by
      angiotensin II (AII) were studied in rat kidney slices. Renin release was
      inhibited by AII and the (2-8), (3-8), (4-8), and (5-8) peptides of AII (5 X 10(
      5) M). These constituent peptides of AII which share a common carboxyl terminus
      inhibited renin release with a sharp decrease in potency when the amino-terminal
      amino acid was removed. Saralasin attenuated the inhibition of renin release
      induced by equimolar concentrations of AII. Dose-response curves for AII and the
      (2-8) peptide [angiotensin III (AIII)] indicate that AII is a more potent
      inhibitor of renin release than is AIII. Depletion of renal norepinephrine by
      reserpine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) or pretreatment of slices with papaverine (1 X 10(-4)
      M) did not block the action of AII. The data give evidence for a direct action of
      AII on the juxtaglomerular cells independent of an interaction with either the
      sympathetic nervous system or the arteriolar baroreceptor and suggest that the
      intrarenal receptors that mediate AII-induced inhibition of renin release differ
      from AII receptors in the adrenal cortex.

PMID- 677320
TI  - Renal papillary epithelial morphology in antidiuresis and water diuresis.

PMID- 677321
TI  - Reentrant excitation as a cause of cardiac arrhythmias.
AB  - Mechanisms that cause reentry were defined in rings of tissue cut from jellyfish
      as early as 1906 by Mayer. The concepts were developed by Mines and Garrey during
      the next 10 years. Lewis then tried to demonstrate that reentry caused atrial
      flutter. Lewis, Garrey, and later Moe also proposed that atrial fibrillation was
      caused by reentry. Rosenblueth provided additional experimental evidence that
      reentry could cause atrial arrhythmias after crushing the intercaval bridge of
      atrial muscle. Recent studies by Allessie using microelectrodes have provided
      detailed evidence for reentry in atrial tissue. Mines in 1913 also proposed that
      reentry could occur in the AV node. Scherf then introduced the concept of
      functional longitudinal dissociation as a cause of return extrasystoles and this
      was later shown to happen in the node by Moe and his colleagues. Reentry can also
      occur between atria and ventricles utilizing accessory connecting pathways.
      Schmitt and Erlanger in 1913 were the first to do experiments which indicated
      that reentry can also occur in the ventricles. Subsequently it was shown that
      reentry can occur in Purkinje fiber bundles. Reentry in ventricular muscle may
      also cause some of the arrhythmias that occur after myocardial infarction.

PMID- 677322
TI  - Lungs from chronically hypoxic rats have decreased pressor response to acute
      hypoxia.
AB  - We measured pressor responses in blood-perfused lungs from rats kept at low
      altitude (LA, 1,520 m) and from rats exposed to simulated high altitude (HA, 4-6
      wk at 4,270 m) to see if lungs from chronically hypoxic rats were hyper- or
      hyporeactive to acute airway hypoxia. HA lungs had bigger pressor responses to
      intra-arterial angiotensin II, prostaglandin F2alpha, and norepinephrine, but
      smaller responses to airway hypoxia than did LA lungs. The dose-response curve to
      hypoxia in HA lungs was shifted to the right of that in LA lungs. Thus, HA lungs
      were hyperreactive to intra-arterial agonists, but were hyporeactive to acute
      airway hypoxia. In contrast, additional experiments with rats that had been
      exposed to HA for 5 wk and then returned to LA for 3 days showed that the lungs
      from such post-HA rats were hyperreactive to acute airway hypoxia. The decreased
      pressor responsiveness to acute hypoxia in lungs from chronically hypoxic rats
      could have been due to an increased activity of some endogenous vasodilator or to
      some abnormality in the mechanism that couples hypoxia to contraction of the
      vascular smooth muscle.

PMID- 677323
TI  - Recordings of AV nodal potentials during junctional rhythms utilizing signal
      averaging.

PMID- 677324
TI  - Human platelet chemotaxis: requirement for plasma factor(s) and the role of
      collagen.
AB  - Platelets are actively mobile in plasma in vitro and, in addition, they migrate
      specifically and directionally toward added intact collagen (chemotaxis). Native
      human, bovine, and equine collagen, suspended in plasma, induce a chemotactic
      response in human platelets. However, heat-denatured and dinitrofluorobenzene
      treated collagen fail to attract platelets. Platelets migrate directionally and
      specifically to intact native collagen incubated in plasma over a large distance
      (6 mm) in a very short time (total 15 min), as observed in a newly designed
      micromaze apparatus. Platelets obtained from donors deficient in plasma factors
      XII, IX, and VIII showed normal migration and chemotaxis in normal plasma and in
      their respective factor-deficient plasmas. Although nondirectional movement
      (mobility) was normal, platelets from a donor deficient in factor XI did not
      exhibit chemotaxis toward collagen in either factor XI-deficient plasma or in
      normal plasma. The results indicate that 1) collagen is a physiological substrate
      for the chemotactic phenomenon, 2) intact chemical and/or structural integrity of
      collagen is required for the induction of platelet chemotaxis, 3) at least one
      plasma constituent, factor XI, plays an essential role in the chemotactic
      phenomenon, and 4) contact between collagen and a plasma factor is essential for
      normal chemotaxis.

PMID- 677325
TI  - Influence of low- and high-pressure baroreceptors on plasma renin activity in
      humans.
AB  - We evaluated effects of the low- and high-pressure baroreceptors on plasma renin
      activity (immunoassay) using graded lower body suction (LBS) in six healthy men.
      LBS at -10 and -20 mmHg for 10 min decreased central venous pressure without
      changing arterial pressure and thereby presumably reduced low- but not high
      pressure baroreceptor inhibition of renin release. LBS at these levels produced
      forearm vasoconstriction, but did not increase renin. LBS at -40 mmHg decreased
      central venous and arterial pulse pressure and thus reduced both low- and high
      pressure baroreceptor inhibition. LBS at this level produced forearm
      vasoconstriction and tachycardia and increased renin from 2.1 +/- 0.4 (mean +/-
      SE to 7.4 +/- 1.4 ng.ml-1.h-1 (P less than 0.05). In summary, reduction in low
      pressure baroreceptor inhibition in humans did not increase renin in the presence
      of physiological tonic inhibition from high-pressure baroreceptors. Increases in
      renin did not occur until there was combined reduction of high- and low-pressure
      baroreceptor inhibition on plasma renin activity.

PMID- 677326
TI  - Motility and blood flow distribution within the wall of the gastrointestinal
      tract.
AB  - In anesthetized dogs, the effects of a gentle manipulation of the gut wall,
      increasing the lumen pressure to 20 mmHg by distention, or an intravenous
      infusion of physostigmine on blood flow distribution within the wall of the
      gastrointestinal tract were studied with radioactive microspheres. Manipulation
      and distension produced rhythmic contractions and increased flow to the distended
      and manipulated segments. The increased flow was confined to the muscularis
      serosa; the mucosa-submucosa flow was unchanged. Physostigmine produced a
      sustained tonic contraction and decreased flow to the whole wall of the stomach,
      duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon. The decreased flow was confined to the
      mucosa-submucosa; the muscularis serosa flow was unchanged. Thus, the muscularis
      serosa vasculatures escape the effects of a fall in vascular transmural pressure
      during the tonic contraction. Manipulation, distention, and physostigmine all
      increase the percentage of total wall flow perfusing the muscularis serosa. These
      studies suggest that active hyperemia, similar to exercise hyperemia in skeletal
      muscles, occurs in the muscularis of gut wall during intestinal contractions.

PMID- 677327
TI  - Intestinal muscle and mucosal blood flow during direct sympathetic stimulation.
AB  - The effect of direct sympathetic stimulation on intestinal muscle and submucosal
      mucosal vasculatures was studied in the anesthetized rat. Blood flow was
      calculated from direct measurements of vessel diameter and red cell velocity.
      Stimulation at 4 Hz caused a slight reduction (4%) in muscle flow, but had no
      measurable effect on submucosal-mucosal flow; stimulation at 8 and 16 Hz caused
      muscle flow to decrease to 58.3 +/- 8.7% (SE) and 31 +/- 5.1%, respectively, of
      control flow, and mucosal flow, to 73 +/- 3.4% and 54.1 +/- 1.2%, respectively,
      of control flow. Calculations of muscle and mucosal vascular resistances from
      flows and microvascular pressures indicate that muscle resistance increased
      proportionately more than mucosal resistance at 4 and 8 Hz. However, during
      stimulation at 16 Hz, the mucosal resistance is only 55% of control, and muscle
      resistance is not significantly (P less than 0.05) different from control.
      Therefore, reduction of muscle and mucosal flows during 16-Hz stimulation must be
      caused by the intestinal arterioles and venules in series with these
      vasculatures.

PMID- 677328
TI  - Valinomycin blockade of myocardial slow channels is reversed by high glucose.

PMID- 677329
TI  - Fluid volumes during onset of spontaneous hypertension in rats.
AB  - Body fluid volumes were examined in young spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR)
      and in two strains of age-matched normotensive controls to ascertain whether
      expanded plasma volume (PV) or extracellular fluid volume (ECFV) was associated
      with onset of spontaneous hypertension. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was measured
      in conscious male SHR, Wistar-Kyoto normotensive (WKY), and American Wistar
      normotensive (NR) rats 3 h after arterial cannulation. At age 10-14 days no
      differences in MAP or PV (determine with 125I-albumin) were found between SHR and
      WKY. At age 18-43 days, SHR had elevated MAP and a small but significant
      elevation in total body water volume (TBWV; wet weight minus dry weight) compared
      to WKY and NR; no differences among the three groups were found in PV or ECFV
      (estimated with inulin). These results provide no evidence that expanded PV or
      ECFV plays a role in the pathogenic mechanisms of spontaneous hypertension, but
      do not exclude the possibility of altered vascular compliance. The slightly
      elevated TBWV in SHR may be related to reduced body fat in SHR.

PMID- 677330
TI  - Role of autoregulation in spatial and temporal perfusion heterogeneity of canine
      myocardium.
AB  - Spatial heterogeneity, the region-to-region variation in flow at an instant, and
      temporal heterogeneity, the time variation of flow in a small region of
      myocardium, were investigated with radioactive labeled microspheres in 111
      regions of left ventricular myocardium. The error of the method was measured by
      simultaneously injecting four differently labeled microspheres (15 +/- 5 (SD)
      micron). The coefficient of variation (CV) was 6.5 +/- 1.0%. Spatial variation
      with autoregulation intact was 21.7 +/- 1.4% (CV); with autoregulation abolished
      and low perfusion pressure, it was 34.3 +/- 3.7%; and with normal perfusion
      pressure, 30.8 +/- 6.4% (differences not significantly). This degree of variation
      was similar in the entire left ventricle and its layers. Forces which tended to
      cause vessel closure (low perfusion pressure, ventricular systolic pressure, and
      ventricular diastolic pressure) tended to increase CV. Temporal heterogeneity as
      measured by 20-s intervals between microsphere injections was 11.1 +/- 1.0% (CV)
      with autoregulation, 9.8 +/- 1.3% (P less than 0.05) with autoregulation
      abolished, and 8.4 +/- 0.8% (P less than 0.05) when perfusion pressure was
      restored. A periodicity of flow cycles of 30-90 s was suggested by the data.
      These results suggest that spatial heterogeneity is less influenced by
      autoregulation than by hydraulic considerations, whereas temporal heterogeneity
      is a component of autoregulation.

PMID- 677331
TI  - Mechanisms of vascular changes in skeletal muscle during asphyxia in the cat.
AB  - Vascular responses in the hindlimb muscles of anesthetized paralyzed cats during
      systemic asphyxia were studied. The cats were ventilated with 10% O2-10% CO2-80%
      N2 for 10-20 min periods, while blood flow to the skinned hindlimb was monitored
      (electromagnetic flowmeter). Mean arterial pressure rose and hindlimb flow
      typically fell during asphyxia, implying increased vascular resistance. After
      sympathetic denervation of the hindlimb, resistance increased  in some groups of
      animals, and did not change in others during asphyxia. Functional adrenalectomy
      did not alter these response characteristics. Resistance also did not changes
      significantly if the control resistance was first increased to the predenervation
      level by electrically pacing the lumbar sympathetic chain. In contrast,
      pronounced vasodilatation occurred during asphyxia after blocking of the alpha
      receptors in the hindlimb (phenoxybenzamine) or after systemic catecholamine
      depletion (reserpine). We conclude that the vasoconstriction in innervated muscle
      during asphyxia was caused in part by increased discharge of sympathetic
      constrictor nerves to the muscle vasculature, with augmentation from a humoral
      alpha agonist of nonadrenal origin, possibly norepinephrine released from
      sympathetic nerves throughout the body.

PMID- 677332
TI  - Transient oxygen uptake during myocardial reactive hyperemia in the dog.
AB  - Oxygen uptake during myocardial hyperemia (MRH) following occlusions of 2.5-30 s
      was studied in nine anesthetized open-chest dogs by continuous measurement of
      left anterior coronary blood flow and anterior coronary vein oxygen saturation
      with electromagnetic flowmeter and fiber-optic catheters, respectively. The ratio
      of excess oxygen uptake to debt multiplied by 100% was defined as the oxygen
      repayment ratio (RR) and varied between -50% and +150% (mean 78%). Application of
      a steady-state Fick formula, as used by previous investigators, results in a
      profound overestimate of the RR (70-400%, mean 295%). RR is severely distorted by
      the venous catheter system, and after consideration of these effects we would
      conclude that the "true" RR in MRH is even lower than we found. Comparing our
      results with steady-state exercise autoregulation leads us to the following
      conclusions: 1) chemical kinetic limitations in oxygen release by red blood cells
      are excluded, 2) a simple direct PO2 regulation of flow is unlikely, but 3) our
      results are not inconsistent with a more complex integral oxygen regulation or
      with the metabolic hypothesis.

PMID- 677333
TI  - Lack of specific inhibition of angiotensin II in eels by angiotensin antagonists.
AB  - Synthetic angiotensins I and II (AI and AII) and natural eel angiotensin were
      injected with angiotensin antagonists into freshwater-adapted, unanesthetized
      American eels, Anguilla rostrata, in an attempt to characterize the vasopressor
      properties of angiotensins in a primitive vertebrate. A converting enzyme
      inhibitor, SQ 20,881, inhibited vasopressor responses to eel angiotensin
      (presumably AI) and [Val5,Ser9]AI, but not those to [Asn1,Val5]AII, suggesting
      that a converting enzyme-like substance may exist in eels. [Sar1,Thr8]AII (10
      microgram/kg per min) and [Sar1,Ile8]AII (1 microgram/kg per min), which
      antagonize angiotensin's action in mammals, showed neither agonistic vasopressor
      nor antagonistic effects in eels against [Asn1,Val5]AII or eel angiotensin.
      [Tal8]AII ([8-thienylalanine]AII) and a higher dose of [Sar1,Ile8]AII increased
      eel aortic pressure themselves and reduced vasopressor responses to
      [Asn1,Val5]AII. This is presumably a nonspecific decrease in response during the
      agonistic phase of the analogs. Angiotensin receptors in the blood vessels of
      eels may differ from those in mammals. Alpha-adrenergic blocking drugs and
      reserpine partially inhibited the pressor effect of [Asn1,Val5]AII in eels.

PMID- 677334
TI  - Osmosis: a transport of confusion.

PMID- 677335
TI  - Effect of transferrin saturation on iron delivery in rats.
AB  - Studies were carried out in rats to evaluate the release of iron from monoferric
      and diferric transferrin. Isoelectric focusing was carried out on plasma tagged
      at low and high saturations, and it was shown that these represented primarily
      monoferric and diferric transferrin, respectively. In vivo studies with these
      tagged plasmas were carried out on normal, iron-deficient, and hypertransfused
      rats. In all three groups there was a greater in vivo uptake of iron from
      diferric transferrin by all tissues monitored. Though the amount varied in
      different animals, the ratio of uptake between diferric and monoferric
      transferrin iron varied between 1.56 and 2.10 in the erythron and between 2.38
      and 2.65 in the liver. These studies indicate that changes in transferrin
      saturation, by changing the proportion of monoferric to diferric transferrin
      iron, changed the amount of iron released to tissues.

PMID- 677336
TI  - Satiety effects of cholecystokinin and caerulein in rabbits.
AB  - Six adult rabbits were maintained on an 18 h fast, 6 h feeding schedule. At the
      end of the fast either 0.5-40 Ivy dog units (IDU)/kg cholecystokinin (CCK) or
      0.9% NaCl were injected intravenously. Feed intake was then measured for 15 min.
      Significant depression of intake was found at 1 IDU/kg, a 50% depression of
      intake after 5.5 IDU/kg, and no intake after 40 IDU/kg. Caerulein in similar
      experiments gave significant depression of intake at 0.125 microgram/kg, a 50%
      depression after 0.28 microgram/kg, and no intake after 5.0 microgram/kg. In
      three of these rabbits subdiaphragmatic vagotomy did not abolish the satiety
      effects of CCK and caerulein. The synthetic octapeptide of CCK was less potent in
      causing satiety. After CCK or caerulein the rabbits showed typical postprandial
      behavior. Taste aversion tests failed to demonstrate a strong aversion to flavors
      associated with the compounds used. These results indicate that exogenous CCK can
      act as a satiety agent at levels of the same order as the physiological range.

PMID- 677337
TI  - Osmosis, diffusion, convection.
AB  - We present a tutorial on the mechanisms of and connections among osmosis,
      diffusion, and convection. For simplicity, we consider only two-component
      nonelectrolyte solutions under isothermal conditions. Further, we confine our
      attention to laminar convection with application to the case of flow through
      narrow channels, as might occur in membranes containing pores or slits. The
      application of equilibrium and near-equilibrium thermodynamics to flow processes
      is just like considerations of mechanics with friction, or hydrodynamics. The
      description of flow processes of more than two atomistic components, either
      solutions or suspensions, is identical in the dilute limit to the description we
      give, except possibly when the curvature of the flow field (at the velocity
      profile) is significant. Flow fields, therefore, naturally divide into three
      regimes: 1) "one-dimensional" flow fields, e.g., solutions or suspensions in
      extended regions, whose velocity profile is macroscopically flat (compared to the
      atomistic curvature); 2) flow fields with significant curvature, e.g., Poiseuille
      or turbulent fields; and 3) high curvature fields, e.g., narrow flow channels.

PMID- 677338
TI  - Sodium transport in the freshwater mussel, Carunculina texasensis (Lea).
AB  - Freshwater bivalves maintain a Na steady state in artificial pondwater: JiNa =
      1.2 +/- 0.1 mumol/g dry tissue per h. Na uptake is Cl independent. The affinity
      (KS) of the Na transport system is 0.15-0.23 mmol Na/1. Sodium influx is coupled
      to H and/or NH4 exchange. Salt depletion stimulates JiNa 300% relative to
      nondepleted animals with no change in Ks. Injected ammonium ion stimulates JiNa.
      Sodium transport is inhibited 84% by 0.5 mM amiloride but is not affected by 4 mM
      NH4 or 1 mM furosemide in the bathing solution or injection of acetazolamide
      (0.26 mumol/ml blood).

PMID- 677339
TI  - Role of urinary bladder in osmoregulation in marine teleost, Opsanus tau.

PMID- 677340
TI  - Cholesterol oxidation in primates by simultaneous sterol balance and breath
      analysis.
AB  - Six female adult rhesus monkeys and baboons with exteriorized enterohepatic
      circulations were simultaneously assessed following [26-14C]cholesterol pulse
      labeling by 14CO2 breath analysis and combined isotopic and chromatographic
      sterol balance during metabolic steady state. Bile acid synthesis and/or
      secretion were compared with 14CO2 breath analysis of cholesterol oxidation
      during short term physiological changes, and with total bile acid diversion and
      feedback inhibition, and biliary tract obstruction. Cholesterol oxidation by
      breath analysis compared closely with acidic sterol losses during steady-state
      conditions (145.6 +/- 23.9 vs 144.6 +/- 24.4 mg/24 h) and was sensitive enough to
      detect changes resulting from diurnal variation and fasting. The 14CO2 test
      detected inhibition of bile acid synthesis consequent to bile acid feedback (355
      +/- 32 to 88 +/- 31 mg/24 h, P less than 0.001) or biliary tract obstruction (158
      +/- 27 to 60 +/- 28 mg/24 h, P less than 0.05) but underestimated increased
      synthesis induced by acute bile diversion (245 +/- 24 vs. 868 +/- 104 mg/24 h, P
      less than 0.01 at 24 h). Insignificant 14C was detected by carcass analysis
      following cessation of exhaled 14CO2.

PMID- 677341
TI  - Humoral and mechanical factors modulating neural input to the renal vasculature.
AB  - The velocity and magnitude of neurally elicited renal vasoconstrictions decrease
      with reduction of renal arterial pressure. We investigated the relative roles of
      humoral and mechanical factors in this decrease. Cats were anesthetized with
      chloralose. Renal arterial pressure was controlled with an aortic cuff.
      Vasoconstrictions were elicited by electrical stimulation of the renal nerves
      until renal vascular resistance stabilized. Renal blood flow autoregulation was
      maintained during stimulation. Competitive blockade of angiotensin II did not
      affect the decrease in renal vascular responsiveness to neural input at reduced
      renal arterial pressure. A mathematical model suggested that a major portion of
      the decrease in the velocity of vasoconstrictions was a mechanical consequence of
      autoregulatory vasodilation. However, the model was only able to account for the
      experimental findings after the blockade of prostaglandin synthesis, and this
      blockade significantly increased the velocity of vasoconstrictions at renal
      arterial pressures of 75 Torr or below. These results suggested that
      prostaglandins as well as mechanical factors played a role in the autoregulatory
      decrease in responsiveness to sympathetic input.

PMID- 677343
TI  - Temperature regulation during wakefulness, sleep, and hibernation in marmots.

PMID- 677342
TI  - Actions of some transmitters and their antagonists on salivary secretion in a
      tick.
AB  - Cholinomimetics (pilocarpine, carbachol, physostigmine, acetylcholine, acetyl
      beta-methylcholine) and sympathomimetics (dopamine, epinephrine), when injected
      into the hemolymph, provoked salivary fluid secretion in the female ixodid tick
      Amblyomma hebraeum Koch. Atropine, but not tubocurarine or toxiferine, abolished
      pilocarpine-induced secretion without reducing the response to dopamine.
      Reserpine and guanethidine likewise selectively attenuated pilocarpine-induced
      secretion. Following extirpation of the synganglion, pilocarpine no longer
      provoked a secretory response whereas dopamine did. Thus, the salivary gland
      appears to be innervated directly by catecholaminergic rather than cholinergic
      secretory nerves. It is suggested that pilocarpine elicits salivation by
      interacting with muscarinic-type cholinergic receptors situated either on the
      cell bodies of the secretory nerves, or alternatively in the integrative or
      sensory pathway.

PMID- 677344
TI  - Calibrating compartmental models of neurons.
AB  - Numerical parameters for a compartmental model of a neuron can be chosen to
      conform both to the neuron's structure and to its measured steady-state
      electrical properties. A systematic procedure for assigning parameters is
      described that makes use of the matrix of coefficients of the set of differential
      equations that embodies the compartmental model. The inverse of this matrix
      furnishes input resistances and voltage attenuation factors for the model, and an
      interactive modification of the original matrix and its inverse may be used to
      fit the model to anatomic and electrical measurements.

PMID- 677345
TI  - Eye movements and a dynamic stimulus situation.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted to investigate performance with and without
      voluntary eye movements in a dynamic stimulus situation. Experiment I used a
      combined tracking and prediction task. Level of training, complexity of the
      signal, and visual region sampled were the variables of interest. Experiment II
      manipulated the same variables in only the prediction task. Thus, the amount of
      attention allotted to the prediction task was varied between experiments. The d'
      measure indicated that under peripheral vision instructions accuracy on the
      prediction task was the same as under foveal vision instructions provided that:
      (1) the level of task complexity was low, (2) the subjects were well trained, and
      (3) only the prediction task was performed, or in the dual task situation only
      visual regions near the fovea were sampled. All other combinations of the
      variables resulted in a lower performance scores under peripheral vision
      instructions. Results are interpreted within the framework of current theories of
      the functional visual field.

PMID- 677346
TI  - Perceived numerosity, item arrangement, and expectancy.
AB  - Ten sets of dots ranging in number from 7 to 91 per set were presented to 54
      subjects. Half were arranged regularly and half randomly. The regular sets were
      overestimated by an average of 22%, while the random were underestimated by 16%
      compared with the physical number. Evidence was presented showing that subjects
      expect results in the opposite direction. The findings are discussed in relation
      to the expectancy-contrast model of Birnbaum and Veit.

PMID- 677347
TI  - One-trial conditioned suppression: effects of instructions on extinction.
AB  - Two experimental groups of undergraduate volunteers received a single Pavlovian
      conditioning trial consisting of a paired presentation of a tone conditioned
      stimulus (CS) and a shock unconditioned stimulus (UCS). Control groups received
      either the CS alone or the UCS alone. Subjects from one experimental group were
      subsequently instructed that they would not receive further shocks, while the
      other experimental group received no such instructions. The CS alone was then
      presented once to all four groups while subjects were engaged in a button
      pressing task maintained by slide reinforcement. During the latter phase, rate of
      button-pressing was measured. Classically conditioned suppression of button
      pressing was obtained in the noninstructed experimental group but not in the
      instructed group. The results demonstrate that suppression can be a sensitive
      index of Pavlovian conditioning in humans but question the use of conditioned
      suppression as an adequate experimental analog of clinically observed anxiety
      motivated behavior.

PMID- 677348
TI  - Visual and nominal matching of physically dimensioned polygons.
AB  - The present experiment tested the hypothesis that as the visual salience of
      stimuli decreases, the use of nominal representations as a basis for matching
      forms increases. The visual salience manipulation was based upon psychophysical
      studies showing that the dimension compactness possesses higher visual salience
      for the human observer than the dimension jaggedness. Subjects were asked to
      judge whether two successively presented forms were the same or different with
      respect to their position on the compactness or jaggedness dimension. Reaction
      times suggested an inverse relationship between the use of nominal
      representations and the visual salience of the dimension employed as a criterion
      for matching.

PMID- 677349
TI  - Jane Doe--who are you? Where are you going?

PMID- 677350
TI  - Current trends in suicidal behavior in the United States.
AB  - Suicidal behavior in the United States from 1900 to 1975 is reviewed. The data
      presented cover demographic variables such as: age, sex, color, and geographic
      area. While the overall suicide rate continues to increase, the most striking
      upturn can be seen in both sexes between the ages of 15 to 25 years. The need for
      a wide range of innovative approaches and increased research is manifest.

PMID- 677351
TI  - Cognitive therapy of depression and suicide.
AB  - This article reviews the cognitive therapy of depression. The psychotherapy based
      on this theory consists of behavioral and verbal techniques to change cognitions,
      beliefs, and errors in logic in the patient's thinking. A few of the various
      techniques are described and a case example is provided. Finally, the outcome
      studies testing the efficacy of this approach are reviewed.

PMID- 677352
TI  - Tranylcypromine (Parnate)--a study of 1000 patients with severe agitated
      depressions.
AB  - This is a study of 1000 patients with severe agitated depressions who were
      treated with tranylcypromine on an ambulatory basis during a period of 13 years.
      It was administered in combination with tranquilizers, usually trifluoperazine.
      Tranylcypromine is a safe, rapidly acting, very effective antidepressant and
      appears to be the drug of choice in patients with agitated depressions.

PMID- 677353
TI  - Therapy of depressed and suicidal children.
AB  - The author postulates that depression exists in adolescents, with the level of
      ego development producing varying clinical pictures. Therapy is based upon the
      psychoanalytic theory of personality development. Individual treatment is based
      on age and intelligence of patient, level of ego development, defenses utilized,
      attitude of parents, and community facilities available.

PMID- 677354
TI  - The treatment of depressed and suicidal adolescents.
AB  - Loss and abandonment and distortions of the self-image have special significance
      for the causation and treatment of depression during adolescence. The management
      of the manipulative suicidal adolescent and some psychological aspects of
      pharmacotherapy during this developmental phase are discussed. An eclectic
      approach is recommended.

PMID- 677355
TI  - Dying without death: the third wish in suicide.
AB  - A hypothesis is proposed that the nonpsychotic patient in the presuicidal state
      may have impaired reality testing in which the act of suicide is perceived as not
      leading to injury or death. Impaired reality testing may be enhanced by intense
      affects, drugs, and sleep deprivation.

PMID- 677356
TI  - Group therapy with parents of children with leukemia.
AB  - This paper deals with a six-year experience of group therapy for parents of
      leukemic children. The group, which includes the hospital staff, strengthens the
      role of parents, doctors, and nurses. Group therapy is seen as a preventive
      measure in the sense of working with and partially resolving family stresses.
      Mourning reactions are dealt with but within limits. The group is built into the
      total treatment program and, while funding lasts, is not considered to be
      ancillary or temporary.

PMID- 677357
TI  - Group therapy with rheumatoid arthritic patients.
AB  - A husband-wife co-therapist team, in clinical collaboration with rheumatologists
      of the Phoenix Arthritis Center, has instituted a brief inpatient group therapy
      program in an arthritis unit of a general medical hospital. Problems of
      initiating the group are presented. Both preliminary findings and research
      possibilities are discussed.

PMID- 677358
TI  - Treatment of public masturbation by behavioral management.
AB  - This case history presents a treatment procedure for a nine-year-old girl who
      masturbated in the classroom. A fading procedure within a behavioral management
      contract was implemented which proved to be effective. One-, three-, six-, and
      nine-month follow-ups did not show any evidence of relapse or symptoms
      substitution.

PMID- 677359
TI  - Psychotherapy under limited options: psychotherapeutic work with a Turkish youth.
AB  - A patient with highly limited options for psychotherapy, who was moreover not an
      ideal candidate for standard forms of therapy, was nevertheless able to maintain
      an effective, if unusual, therapeutic relationship of long duration. The
      combination of patient, therapist, and milieu gave rise to accomodations and
      innovations that have practical and theoretical significance.

PMID- 677360
TI  - An entomologic and parasitologic survey for onchocerciasis in western El
      Salvador.

PMID- 677361
TI  - Serum immunoglobulin and complement levels in tropical pulmonary eosinophilia,
      and their correlation with primary and their relapsing stages of the illness.
AB  - Serum concentrations of IgA, IgG, IgM, IgE, C3 and C4 complement components were
      estimated in 19 patients with tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (TPE). Thirteen of
      the patients presented during their first episode of TPE and 6 of them during a
      relapse of the disease. We found a remarkable elevation of serum IgE level in
      TPE, which is consistent with earlier reports. In contrast, there was a modest
      increase in IgM levels and unchanged or even lower levels in IgA and IgG
      immunoglobulin classes. There seemed to be a direct relationship between IgE
      level and degree of peripheral blood eosinophilia in TPE. The outstanding
      finding, however, was a nearly threefold higher mean serum IgE level in patients
      with relapsing disease as compared to that observed in patients during the
      primary attack. This is the first reported study of circulating complement
      components in TPE. A significant rise of serum C3 level was found in these
      patients; there was no similar elevation of serum C4 component.

PMID- 677362
TI  - Splenomegaly in jirds (Meriones unguiculatus) infected with Brugia malavi
      (Nematoda: Filarioidea) and related species.

PMID- 677363
TI  - Strongyloides ratti infections in rats. II. Effects of cortisone treatment.
AB  - Cortisone (5 mg daily subcutaneously) suppressed both primary and secondary
      immune explusion of Strongyloides ratti, and reduced the intestinal mast cell
      response, but did not induce hyperinfection in rats. Cortisone-treated animals
      expelled primary worm burdens without complication about 2 wk after steroid
      treatment. A model for gastrointestinal hypersensitivity syndromes in discussed.

PMID- 677364
TI  - Schistosomiasis and anterior spinal artery occlusion.
AB  - A case of anterior spinal artery occlusion associated with acute Schistosoma
      mansoni infection is reported, and it is suggested that there is a direct
      relationship. It is postulated that there is initially an arteritis which leads
      to obstruction of either the anterior spinal artery itself, its branches, or one
      or more of the tributary anterior radicular arteries.

PMID- 677365
TI  - Limitations of the intradermal test for schistosomiasis mansoni: experience from
      epidemiologic studies in a Puerto Rican community.
AB  - The intradermal reaction with Schistosoma mansoni adult-worm antigen (35-40
      microgram/ml nitrogen) was evaluated as an edpidemiologic tool in an endemic
      Puerto Rican community where the prevalence of S. mansoni infection was 36% and
      the geometric-mean egg count was 17.6 eggs/g. Subcutaneous injections of antigen
      were made in forearms, and stool specimens were examined for S. mansoni eggs by a
      formol-ether concentration method. Of 296 persons tested, 43% had positive
      intradermal reactions (greater than or equal to 1.0 cm 2  at least twice the area
      of the control wheal), compared to 48% positive stool examinations. However,
      sensitivity was low at 36% for children 14 yr old or less, and only 73% to 79%
      for adults. The test results were very specific for children (96%), but 32% of
      stool negative adults were positive. Mean wheal area was not directly related to
      intensity of infection as determined by egg counts in either children or adults,
      but did increase directly with age. Mean wheal areas were greater for males than
      females (both children and adults) at all intensities of infection. Because of
      unsatisfactory sensitivity and specificity the intradermal test may overestimate
      the prevalence of infection when rates are low, and underestimate prevalence of
      infection when rates are high. For its proper interpretation, complementary
      parasitologic data from stool surveys are required.

PMID- 677366
TI  - Effect of transferred adult Schistosoma mansoni on resistance of mice to
      cercarial challenge.
AB  - Four or eight adult Schistosoma mansoni surgically transfered to the mesenteric
      veins of mice survive well and may play a role in resistance to later cercarial
      challenge. After receiving transfers of single sex or paired flukes, animals
      exposed to 50or 100 cercariae showed decreased numbers of parasites derived from
      the challenge infection when compared with control animals 30 days later.
      Although statistical analysis of the data indicated that the presence of
      transferred S. mansoni probably had an adverse effect on the survival of worms in
      a subsequent challenge, the results were interpreted as inconclusive.

PMID- 677367
TI  - Quantitative collection and proteolytic activity of preacetabular gland enzyme
      (s) of cercariae of schistosoma mansoni.
AB  - Protease-containing preacetabular gland secretion can be collected from cercariae
      of Schistosoma mansoni by stimulation with penetration-inducing skin surface
      lipid, but the method lacks quantitative control because of variability of the
      lipid. Two commercially available free fatty acid fractions of skin lipid active
      in stimulating cercariae to penetrate skin, linolenic and linoleic acids, were
      substituted for skin surface lipid in a technique which provides an improved
      method of secretion collection. The pattern of protease activity of secreted
      enzyme (s) was followed throughout patency of infection of a group of snails with
      the same date of exposure. Day-to-day variability was a characteristic feature of
      all parameters studied. Major trends were elevated enzyme activity and cercarial
      emergence during midpatency.

PMID- 677368
TI  - Immunoelectrophoresis tests showing Echinococcus granulosus arc 5 in human cases
      of Echinococcus vogeli and cysticercosis-multiple myeloma.
AB  - Human sera from one case of polycystic hydatidosis due to Echnincoccus vogeli and
      from a case of cysticercosis and multiple myeloma were positive to the
      immunoelectrophoresis (IEP) test for hydatidosis based on the E. granulosus arc 5
      positivity criterion. Arc 5 can therefore be elicited in IEP tests of human sera
      not only by E. granulosus and E. multilocularis but also by E. vogeli antigens.
      Whether the cross reaction observed in the second serum was due to the multiple
      myeloma or to the cysticerci remains to be determined. Although arc 5 antigens
      are known to be present in Taenia hydatigena cyst fluid this is the first report
      of an arc 5 due to antigens other than Echinococcus in IEP of human sera.

PMID- 677369
TI  - Histoplasmosis in Belize, Central America.
AB  - After two small outbreaks of histoplasmosis in Belize, an epidemiologic survey
      was carried out. Forty percent of 141 persons in two groups tested demonstrated a
      positive histoplasmin reaction. In one study group there was a significant
      association between visiting caves and histoplasmin positivity. Histoplasma
      capsulatum was not isolated in 20 soil specimens collected from outbreak
      associated caves, but was isolated from 1 of 26 bats collected from the same
      caves. The presence of histoplasmosis in Belize, C.A. is documented, and this
      disease should be considered in differential diagnosis in patients, both
      residents and visitors in Belize, with compatible clinical presentations.

PMID- 677370
TI  - The landscape epidemiology of rabies in Virginia.
AB  - Rabies virus, the gray fox, and the Alleghenian Biotic Region form a
      pathobiocenose; rabies in Virginia exists in a diffuse nidus, the Alleghenian
      Biotic Region. Physiographic features may serve as barriers or as passageways for
      epidemic spread of rabies. Epidemic spread is characterized by a radial pattern
      and a linear northeast-southwest pattern reflecting physiographic features.
      Incidence of rabies in the fox varies according to seasons. Present control
      efforts are generally ineffective; under certain conditions, population reduction
      for control of rabies may be detrimental instead of beneficial.

PMID- 677371
TI  - Epidemiologic, clinical, and virologic observations on dengue in the Kingdom of
      Tonga.
AB  - An outbreak of dengue type 2 infection occurred in the Pacific island Kingdom of
      Tonga in 1974 and an outbreak of dengue type 1 occurred there in 1975. The 1974
      outbreak was characterized by relatively mild clinical disease with few
      hemorrhagic manifestations, a low attack rate, and relatively low viremia levels.
      The 1975 outbreak was characterized by relatively severe disease with frequent
      hemorrhagic manifestations and a high attack rate. The differences between the
      outbreaks could not be attributed to differences in abudance of, or
      susceptibility to infection of, mosquito vectors or to the prior immune status or
      other characteristics of the human population. It appeared that a difference in
      viral virulence was the most likely explanation.

PMID- 677372
TI  - Experimental infection of chimpanzees with dengue viruses.

PMID- 677373
TI  - Laboratory and field trials of a slow-release copper molluscicide in St. Lucia.
AB  - Tests of a slow-release molluscicide containing 50% copper sulfate were under
      taken in laboratory and field situations in St. Lucia. In laboratory trials, a
      granule form of the molluscicide produced 100% mortality of Biomphalaria glabrata
      down to 4 mg/liter active ingredient (a.i), while the pellet form produced 100%
      mortality down to 8 mg/liter a.i. In field trials, a dose of 100 mg/liter a.i. in
      granule form caused mortality of B. glabrata in banana drains but had no effect
      on B. glabrata populations in a marsh habitat. In both habitats, the dose of 100
      mg/liter produced mortality of other molluscan fauna which caused changes in the
      molluscan diversity indices. This failure in field trials may have been due to
      dilution of copper levels caused by flooding and also by uptake of copper by mud
      and algae.

PMID- 677374
TI  - Acute renal failure following scorpion sting.
AB  - Fifteen cases of acute renal failure follwoing scorpion sting were studied. The
      onset of disease was characterized by the occurrence of hemoglobinuria within 24
      h of the sting. Most of the patients developed oliguria, edema, hemolytic anemia,
      and hemolytic jaundice. Renal failure developed within a few days after the
      sting, and in five patients was severe enough to need dialysis. The onset of
      diuresis in oliguric patients occurred between 6 and 21 days following the sting.
      Renal biopsies were possible in four cases and showed mesangial proliferation,
      variable degrees of tubular changes, and mild interstitial infiltration. The
      pathogenesis of acute renal failure in these patients is discussed

PMID- 677375
TI  - Biological species in Praomys (Mastomys) natalensis (Smith), a rodent carrier of
      Lassa virus and bubonic plague in Africa.
AB  - Plague has been known from countries surrounding Rhodesia from as early as 1935,
      but was first reported from Rhodesia in 1974. Part of our investigation of the
      complex ecosystem involving Yersinia pestis is critical assessment of the
      evolutionary status of natural populations belonging to formal, taxonomic species
      of implicated rodents. We present data on chromosomal and hemoglobin variation in
      sympatric populations and laboratory produced hybrids that give unequivocal
      evidence for at least two biologicql species in the taxon Praomys (Mastomys)
      natalensis. We argue for the usefulness of the biological species concept as a
      basis for any ecological investigation into pathogen biology.

PMID- 677376
TI  - Acute glomerulonephritis associated with filariasis.

PMID- 677377
TI  - Experimental infection with Schistosoma intercalatum (Fisher, 1934) in the
      chimpanzee (pan troglodytes) and the gibbon (Hylobates lar).
AB  - Two young chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and two adult gibbons (Hylobates lar),
      each exposed to 1,000 cercariae of Schistosoma intercalatum (Cameroon), were
      examined at 79 and 82 wk and 61 and 69 wk, respectively, post-infection. Based
      upon worn returns and tissue egg deposits, these primates can be employed as
      hosts for experimental schistosomiasis intercalata. However, no histopathology
      was detected in the urogenital system.

PMID- 677378
TI  - Endorectal ileal pullthrough operation with ileal reservoir after total
      colectomy.
AB  - Ileonal anastomosis through an extramucosal rectal muscular tube with
      construction of a proximal S-shaped ileal reservoir was performed on seven dogs
      in an attempt to reestablish fecal continence. Five of the dogs survived more
      than four weeks and experienced fecal continence, although they had frequent
      stools. The use of Lomotil and Metamucil has assisted in decreasing the frequency
      of defecation, and also in developing semisolid stools. None of the dogs
      developed perianal excoriation or ulceration. The ileal reservoir volume averaged
      250 ml in the longterm surviving dogs. It is anticipated that this operative
      technic may have clinical application in selected patients with ulcerative
      colitis and other diseases primarily involving the rectal mucosa, since the
      neurogenic and muscular sphincteric mechanism necessary for continence can be
      preserved. Clinical experience with the ileal reservoir and endorectal
      pullthrough in one patient has been encouraging.

PMID- 677379
TI  - Surgical correction of complete atrioventricular canal.
AB  - Operative mortality associated with complete atrioventricular canals has
      decreased from 75 per cent to as low as 10 per cent. The present report reviews
      the UCLA Hospital experience with the six children who underwent repair of this
      defect in the past two years. Emphasis is placed on preoperative assessment,
      operative technics, and postoperative management.

PMID- 677380
TI  - Management of giant lung abscess.
AB  - Ten cases of giant lung abscess were treated by one-stage closed tube drainage
      after initial medical therapy. Sepsis or hemorrhage was relieved in all patients.
      There were no operative deaths, serious complications, or late recurrences. Three
      patients have subsequently died from bronchogenic cancer.

PMID- 677381
TI  - Heparin activity monitoring during vascular surgery.
AB  - Twelve patients undergoing vascular surgery were administered heparin according
      to preexisting protocols. The response to heparin and the rate of decay were
      measured by use of the activated coagulation time (ACT). The results showed a
      significant patient variability to response to and decay of heparin. In addition,
      a dose-response curve for heparin administration was established in sixteen
      patients undergoing vascular surgery. The ACT proved to be a simple and accurate
      monitor of heparin activity. It also made possible a steady state of
      anticoagulation throughout the duration of the vascular procedure. The reversal
      of the heparin effect could also be precisely determined by this test.

PMID- 677382
TI  - The dominant role of paracentesis technics in the early diagnosis of blunt
      abdominal trauma.
AB  - A simplified method of diagnostic abdominal paracentesis and lavage is described.
      Liberal application of this method as part of the initial physical examination of
      blunt trauma patients resulted in identification at first examination of 94 per
      cent (61 of 65) of those who were to have laparotomy. No case in the series was
      brought to laparotomy as the result of findings at arteriography, radionuclide
      imaging, or sonarography, and no intraabdominal problem was missed because of
      failure to use one of these organimaging technics. The very limited role of these
      imaging procedures in early management of blunt abdominal trauma is discussed.

PMID- 677383
TI  - Subclavian-carotid transposition for the subclavian steal syndrome.
AB  - The clinical experience with twelve patients who underwent subclavian-carotid
      transposition for the subclavian steal syndrome is related. The technical details
      of the procedure as well as the satisfactory clinical results are described, and
      the characteristics making it out procedure of choice are summarized.

PMID- 677384
TI  - Percutaneous needle core biopsy of peripheral pulmonary masses.

PMID- 677385
TI  - "Cognitive" and "sapient"-- which death is the real death?

PMID- 677386
TI  - Genesis of a replantation program.
AB  - Development of a replantation program entails establishment of microsurgical
      skills in the laboratory, training in clinical microvascular technics,
      supervision, if possible, in the first microvascular free flaps, and close
      liaison with supporting personnel who transport patients, care for them acutely,
      and carry out their rehabilitation. Of twenty-six replantations or
      revascularizations (14 incomplete and 12 complete), twenty-three were successful.
      The three failures (1 complete and 2 incomplete procedures) were all digits, and
      each was part of a multiple digit injury.

PMID- 677387
TI  - Aortoesophageal fistula.
AB  - With the advent of cardiovascular and bypass procedures, aortoesophageal fistula
      has progressed from the stage of a pathologic curiosity to a treatable lesion.
      Although the causes of aortoesophageal fistula are varied, a remarkably
      consistent clinical picture emerges from study of this condition. Chiari's triad
      of midthoracic pain, sentinel hemorrhage, and a symptom-free interval followed by
      fatal exsanguination remains the most important clinical finding today. Although
      contrast esophagography, esophagoscopy, and aortography are important diagnositc
      aids, immediate left thoracotomy may be the only means of making the diagnosis
      and saving the patient when hemorrhage is profuse. In most cases (80 per cent of
      the present series) there is a symptom-free period varying from hours to days
      from the original sentinel hemorrhage to the final exsanguination. This permits
      the informed surgeon trained in cardiovascular technics an opportunity to salvage
      some of these patients. The various methods of aortic and esophageal repair are
      discussed.

PMID- 677388
TI  - Acalculous cholecystitis in critically ill patients.

PMID- 677389
TI  - Expanding indications for early parathyroidectomy in the elderly female.
AB  - In a study of fifty consecutive patients with hyperparathyroidism we have noted:
      (1) Automated laboratory studies have increased the incidence of diagnosed
      hyperparathyroidism, especially in the elderly. (2) Bone abnormalities and mental
      changes are the most frequent symptoms in this older population. (3) Natural
      history studies have produced some delay in surgical treatment, accentuating
      mental aberrations and bone-associated deficits. Especially in the elderly, the
      benefits in personality change, feeling of well-being, and lessened bone
      deterioration warrant early operation.

PMID- 677390
TI  - Thymoma: a ten year review.
AB  - The histopathology, clinical features, treatment, and results are reported in
      twenty-nine patients with thymoma. Benign and malignant thymomas are
      differentiated by their invasive characteristics. Surgical excision is
      recommended for benign lesions. Surgical excision and postoperative irradiation
      are recommended for malignant thymomas irrespective of the predominant cell type.
      The recommended treatment for thymoma and the symptomatic results in myasthenia
      gravis are unpredictable.

PMID- 677391
TI  - Complications of surgery for morbid obesity.
AB  - From experience with 261 jejonoileal bypass operations performed by one surgeon
      with the assistance of an interested endocrinologist, many problems have been
      encountered and many apparently solved. However, there are still some unexplained
      complications requiring further study, and there must be a continuous follow-up
      of the patients for some years before the operation can be a completely
      acceptable treatment for morbid obesity.

PMID- 677392
TI  - Pseudoobstruction of the colon.
AB  - Pseudoobstruction of the colon is a specific variety of adynamic ileus. Its
      characteristic clinical presentation is severe cramping lower abdominal pain, a
      massively distended abdomen, and a characteristic x-ray picture. Thirty-five
      patients with this disease complex have been reviewed, and their surgical and
      medical therapy is discussed. Guidelines for continued medical versus surgical
      intervention are suggested. Two patients underwent decompression with the
      colonoscope. Its use and a possible hazard of the procedure are discussed. For
      those patients who develop pseudoobstruction after trauma or surgery, a
      pathophysiologic explanation is offered. The possible role of prostaglandin
      abnormality in the genesis of pseudoobstruction is also discussed.

PMID- 677393
TI  - Temporary cardiopulmonary bypass for the treatment of endotoxic shock.
AB  - New Zealand white rabbits were employed in the laboratory to evaluate the
      efficacy of temporary cardiopulmonary bypass in the prevention of pulmonary
      injury from endotoxin. Partial cardiopulmonary bypass using peripheral
      cannulation was carried out for 15 minutes after intraarterial administration of
      E coli endotoxin of LD90 doses. A significantly better long-term (1 month)
      survival rate of the treated animals (60 per cent) versus the untreated animals
      (10 per cent) as well as less severe pulmonary changes in those that succumbed
      after treatment were observed. It would appear that temporary cardiopulmonary
      bypass by peripheral cannulation warrants further study in the treatment of
      patients identified early as suffering from otherwise irreversible septicemic
      shock.

PMID- 677394
TI  - Carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile ducts: a ten year experience in Hawaii.
AB  - A ten year review (1966-1975) of extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma in three major
      Honolulu hospitals is presented. Fifty-seven patients satisfied the criteria for
      the study. The disease occurs predominantly in the Japanese population. Survival
      of patients with upper third lesions proximal to the cystic duct is poor, and all
      patients followed died within seventeen months of hospitalization or operation.
      In patients undergoing bypass procedures for lower third (intrapancreatic)
      lesions, palliation averages ten months. The Whipple operation, performed in
      fourteen selected patients with favorable lesions, affords palliation averaging
      twenty months, and five patients were long-term survivors, including two with
      five year cures. However, morbidity and mortality for the Whipple procedure is
      high. Methods for improving palliation in upper third lesions and lowering
      morbidity and mortality from pancreatoduodenectomy are proposed.

PMID- 677395
TI  - [Gonadotropic function of the hypophysis in uterine myoma].

PMID- 677396
TI  - [Characteristics of the premorbid background in uterine myoma].

PMID- 677397
TI  - [Diagnostic importance of hysteroscopy].

PMID- 677398
TI  - [Metabolic and hormonal disorders in hyperplastic processes of the endometrium].

PMID- 677399
TI  - [Microspectrophotometric study of oxidative enzymatic activity normally and in
      hyperplastic processes of the endometrium].

PMID- 677400
TI  - [Organ-specificity of the epithelium-stroma system and the blastogenesis of the
      cervical epithelium].

PMID- 677401
TI  - [Differential approach to the treatment of I-stage cervical cancer].

PMID- 677402
TI  - [Changes in the fibrinogen level in the plasma in the course of uterine cancer
      treatment].

PMID- 677403
TI  - [Postoperative complications in cervical cancer and their prevention].

PMID- 677404
TI  - [Characteristics of the clinical manifestations of primary cancer of the uterine
      tubes].

PMID- 677405
TI  - [Results of treating uterine sarcoma].

PMID- 677406
TI  - [Hemodynamic disorders in uterine myoma].

PMID- 677407
TI  - [Importance of hysterectomy in the genesis of breast tumors].

PMID- 677408
TI  - [Familial predisposition to endometrial cancer].

PMID- 677409
TI  - [Transvaginal extirpation of the uterus in ptosis and prolapse of the uterus and
      vaginal walls].

PMID- 677410
TI  - [Combination of uterine cancer and prolapse].

PMID- 677411
TI  - [Method of diagnosing ureteral injuries during gynecologic operations].

PMID- 677412
TI  - [5 cases of uterine inversion].

PMID- 677413
TI  - [Pathological morphology of labia minora hypertrophy].

PMID- 677414
TI  - [Use of cervicoscopy in gynecological practice].

PMID- 677415
TI  - [Uterine activity in normal birth under monitoring control].

PMID- 677416
TI  - [Current treatment of pregnant diabetics].

PMID- 677417
TI  - [Dynamic changes in gonadotropin and sex steroid hormone secretion at the end of
      pregnancy and in the early puerperium].

PMID- 677418
TI  - [Diagnostic value of Microstix-Candida, a new test for the culture diagnosis of
      vaginal candidomycotic infections].

PMID- 677419
TI  - [Vulvitis and vulvovaginitis in newborn and nursing infants].

PMID- 677420
TI  - [Sphincterometry as a method of diagnosing functional urinary incontinence].

PMID- 677421
TI  - [Surgical technic in pronounced stress urinary incontinence].

PMID- 677422
TI  - [Neglected and complicated delivery injuries of the urogenital system cured by
      surgical treatment].

PMID- 677423
TI  - [Experience in treating secondary amenorrhea by copper salt electrophoresis].

PMID- 677424
TI  - [Fetoscopy, a new method for the early prenatal diagnosis of fetal distress and
      injury].

PMID- 677425
TI  - [Umbilical cord torsion as a cause of prenatal fetal death; a case report].

PMID- 677426
TI  - [Extra- and intrauterine developing pregnancies].

PMID- 677427
TI  - American Indian alcoholism: etiology and implications for effective treatment.

PMID- 677428
TI  - Evaluation of Alaska native ambulatory health services. I: Examination of health
      systems performance.

PMID- 677430
TI  - Transtympanic tubes as an adjunct to deep sea diving.

PMID- 677429
TI  - Contact lenses as a cancer preventive.

PMID- 677431
TI  - [Respiratory depression after fentanyl and antagonism by naloxone (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The postoperative respiratory depressant effect of fentanyl in combination with
      flunitrazepam (Rohypnol) was assessed in awake and in unconscious patients. In
      awake patients respiratory function was measured with blood-gas analyses. For
      measurements in unconscious patients the administration of nitrous oxide/oxygen
      was continued postoperatively and the respiratory depression was judged from the
      increase in respiratory minute volume after the i.v. administration of 0.05 mg
      naloxone (Narcan). In the group of awake patients blood-gasvalues were within the
      normal range after anaesthesia with flunitrazepam (1 mg) and fentanyl (0.80
      mcg/kg body weight/10 min anaesthesia; last fentanyl given 40 min before the end
      of the operation), and the administration of naloxone was without any effect. If,
      however, naloxone was given while the patients were kept under light nitrous
      oxide/oxygen anaesthesia, the effect was different. The respiratory minute volume
      was considerably less than its predicted value in all groups of patients having
      received fentanyl, and naloxone caused a marked increase in respiratory minute
      volume and in respiratory rate. In a group of patients which have received no
      opiate but enflurane, naloxone showed no effect. After premedication with
      pethidine as compared with flunitrazepam the effect of naloxone on ventilation
      was more pronounced. This marked difference in the postoperative effect of
      fentanyl on ventilation depending on the state of consciousness has to be
      attributed to an interaction between a residual respiratory depressant effect of
      fentanyl and the effect of unconsciousness. Since after the combined use of
      flunitrazepam and fentanyl deep postoperative sleep occurs quite frequent, a
      residual effect of fentanyl should always be antagonized with naloxone to protect
      the patients from a possible hazardous effect of this interaction.

PMID- 677432
TI  - [Naloxone reversal of fentanyl anaesthesia in major vascular surgery (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 677433
TI  - [The effect of naloxone and levallorphane following fentanyl on the blood gases,
      EEG and psychodiagnostic tests (author's transl)].
AB  - After administration of fentanyl, 0.15 mg naloxone or levallorphan or placebo
      were given several times and in increased doses and at same intervals of time to
      six volunteers. The experiment has been done after the rules of a double blind
      study. Naloxone has shown its superiority to levallorphan. The study demonstrated
      a faster and better action of naloxone in the way of a return to initial
      conditions of respiratory frequency, blood gases, and EEG. The concentration and
      attention faculties after naloxone have become clearly better in contrary to the
      results after levallorphan. At the end of an anaesthetic procedure, the greatest
      care should be given to the patient. First of all effective antagonism of the
      respiratory depression should be obtained without concomitant sedative and
      psychomimetic effects. The use of antagonists with agonist properties to reverse
      respiratory depression due to a morphinomimetic drug is not justified and so
      naloxone should supplant levallorphan.

PMID- 677434
TI  - [The influence of doxapram in human on the respiratory depression by fentanyl
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 677435
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of pancuronium in patients with normal and impaired renal
      function.
AB  - Plasma concentration curves of patients with normal and impaired renal function
      are fitted to a tri-exponential function according to an open three compartment
      pharmacokinetic model. A detailed discussion of the relationship between
      theoretical distribution volumes, clinical pharmacodynamics and morphological or
      biochemical structures provides the basis for the concept of a central
      application and measuring compartment, a pharmacologically specific compartment
      and a non specific one. The distirbution of pancuronium from the application
      compartment to the specific compartment results in the onset of muscular
      paralysis. The recovery is governed by renal elimination of the unchanged drug as
      well as by its redistribution into the non specific compartment. In anuric
      patients the spontaneous recovery after 3--4 h is the effect of redistribution
      only. Neither metabolic degradation nor increased biliary elimination can
      sufficiently compensate for the lack of the renal pathway. The clinician should
      always keep in mind that after the recovery from pancuronium-induced muscular
      paralysis, both in patients with or without renal pathology, considerable
      residues of the active drug are stored at nonspecific and even specific receptor
      sites for many hours.

PMID- 677436
TI  - [Haemodynamic effects after rapid infusion of dextrane in geriatric patients
      (author's transl)].
AB  - In 85 geriatric premedicated patients haemodynamic effects were investigated
      following rapid infusion of 500 ml dextrane. The data measured one day
      preoperative revealed typical age-related changes of the cardiovascular system:
      decrease of cardiac output, stroke volume and heart rate; increase of peripheral
      vascular resistance and mean arterial pressure. After infusion of dextran central
      venous pressure rose by 4.9 mm Hg (mean), mean arterial pressure by 7.5 mm Hg
      (8.5%) and cardiac output by 1.04 1/min (24.3%). Heart rate alterations were
      insignificant, but total peripheral resistance decreased significantly by 12.5%.
      Pulmonary capillary pressure rose to 15.4 +/- 3.4 mm Hg. We conclude that it is
      possible to increase cardiopulmonary efficiency by extracardiac measures
      preoperatively even in aged patients. In no case critical left- or right
      ventricular filling pressure exceeded, so we cannot accept the often expressed
      warnings against induced hypervolaemia in patients with no cardiac failure except
      old age.

PMID- 677438
TI  - An apparent high molecular weight form of boar proacrosin resulting from the
      presence of a protein that binds to proacrosin.

PMID- 677437
TI  - A sensitive microassay for protein in cells cultured on collagen.

PMID- 677439
TI  - Use of avidin-sepharose to isolate and idenify biotin polypeptides from crude
      extracts.

PMID- 677440
TI  - Membrane-covered thin-layer optical cell for gas-reaction studies of hemoglobin.

PMID- 677441
TI  - Determination of peroxides and hydroperoxides in irradiated solutions of nucleic
      acid constituents and DNA.

PMID- 677442
TI  - Failure of preparative flat bed electrofocusing to resolve rat liver chromosomal
      proteins.

PMID- 677443
TI  - Improved chromatographic separations on anion exchange resins. III. Sugars in
      borate medium.

PMID- 677444
TI  - Improved sensitivity of iodinated histamine-prostaglandin radioimmunoassay by
      prostaglandin methyl esters.

PMID- 677445
TI  - Design and construction of a simple and inexpensive slab gel electrophoresis
      apparatus.

PMID- 677446
TI  - Limited rotational diffusion of DPH in human erythrocyte membranes.

PMID- 677447
TI  - Quantitation and characterization of the trifluoroacetonyl derivative of
      cysteine: a useful NMR probe.

PMID- 677448
TI  - An alternate method for the preparative velocity sedimentation of cells at unit
      gravity.

PMID- 677449
TI  - SDS removal from protein by polystyrene beads.

PMID- 677450
TI  - An improved method for determining the activity of benzoyl-arginine p
      nitroanilide-hydrolyzing enzyme in crude tissue extracts.

PMID- 677451
TI  - An affinity chromatography method for the preparation of human reticulocytes.

PMID- 677452
TI  - Monooxygenase and epoxide hydratase analysis by high-performance liquid
      chromatography.

PMID- 677453
TI  - [G-3H] dansyl chloride in the analysis of gamma-glutamyl-epsilon-lysine: a
      cautionary note.

PMID- 677454
TI  - Solubilization of membrane proteins by sulfobetaines, novel zwitterionic
      surfactants.

PMID- 677455
TI  - Spectrophotometric determination of L-lysine with L-lysine: alpha-ketoglutarate
      epsilon-aminotransferase.

PMID- 677456
TI  - Two-dimensional electrophoresis: an application combining cellulose acetate
      membrane with SDS-polyacrylamide gradient gel.

PMID- 677457
TI  - A rapid histidine decarboxylase assay.

PMID- 677458
TI  - Direct spectrophotometric observation of ribulose-11, 5-bisphosphate carboxylase
      activity.

PMID- 677459
TI  - Separation of phenylthiohydantoin-amino acids by high-pressure liquid
      chromatography for sequence determination of radiolabeled proteins.

PMID- 677460
TI  - Preparation and use of 125I-labeled synthetic human (15-Leu) gastrin 1-17-I for
      radioimmunoassay of conventional human gastrins.

PMID- 677461
TI  - New methods for the preparation of biospecific adsorbents and immobilized enzymes
      utilizing trichloro-s-triazine.

PMID- 677462
TI  - The preparation of tightly coupled membrane vesicles from Paracoccus
      denitrificans.

PMID- 677463
TI  - Liquid chromatography detector based on single and twin electrode thin-layer
      electrochemistry: application to the determination of catecholamines in blood
      plasma.

PMID- 677464
TI  - Determination of acetate in biological material by vacuum microdistillation and
      gas chromatography.

PMID- 677465
TI  - Detection, identification and structural investigation of biologically important
      compounds by secondary ion mass spectrometry.

PMID- 677466
TI  - The thymus of Nu/+ mice.
AB  - At one month, the thymus weight of NMRI mice heterozygous for the Nu gene was
      lower than that of the wild type. However, the thymic structure was normal and no
      significant anomalies at the ultrastructurallevel could be found either in
      epithelial cells or in thymocytes. Stereologic data showed that the loss of
      weight was only due to a decrease of the lymphoid population, whereas the
      absolute number of epithelial cells was unmodified. Several hypotheses that could
      explain the reduced number of thymocytes were discussed.

PMID- 677467
TI  - The timing and sequence of events in the development of the human digestive
      system and associated structures during the embryonic period proper.
AB  - A documented scheme of the early development of the human digestive system is
      presented. It is based on (1) reports of workers who personally studied staged
      embryos, and (2) personal observations and confirmations. The necessity of
      studying staged embryos in order to determine the precise sequence of
      developmental events is stressed.

PMID- 677468
TI  - Differentiation of muscle fiber types in the teleost Brachydanio rerio.

PMID- 677469
TI  - Development of the chick embryo endoderm studied by S.E.M.

PMID- 677471
TI  - A quantitative approach to cytoarchitectonics. I. The areal pattern of the cortex
      of Tupaia belangeri.
AB  - The cortical map of Tupaia belangeri, evaluated with an automatic quantitative
      procedure using the Micro-Videomat (Zeiss), shows a well differentiated
      allocortex and periallocortex with 19 areas, and proisocortex and isocortex with
      20 areas. The boundaries of the different areas are based on quantitative
      differences and the areal pattern of the cortex is, in most cases, compatible
      with physiological results found in the literature. Tupaia belangeri has a cortex
      which is largely dominated by primary and secondary sensory areas in its
      iscortical part and by the impressive visual system. The well differentiated allo
      and isocortex show conditions more similar to prosimians than to insectivores,
      especially when considering the occurrence of primary and supplementary regions.
      Quantitative analyses of the separate areas with a higher resolution (Zilles et
      al., in prep.) are necessary in order to provide a basis for further comparative
      investigations of the Tupaia cortex.

PMID- 677470
TI  - On the migration of myogenic stem cells into the prospective wing region of chick
      embryos. A scanning and transmission electron microscope study.
AB  - In chick embryos undifferentiated myogenic stem cells migrate from the
      ventrolateral somite respectively dermatome edge into the prospective wing region
      after the second day of incubation. At first, single cells that are elongated in
      mediolateral direction, later also small groups of cells, are found in the space
      between somites and somatopleura at the wing bud level. The leading ends of the
      migrating cells are formed like finger-shaped lobopodia as well as flattened
      lamellipodia from which thin filopodia arise. The main structural features of the
      cell processes are microtubules and microfilaments predominantly oriented
      parallel to the long axis of the cells. The filopodia are found to be in close
      connection with the surrounding network of collagen fibrils. Since the main
      strands of the fibrils show a mediolateral orientation, it may be assumed that
      the direction of cell migration depends on the arrangement of the collagen
      fibrils.

PMID- 677472
TI  - Topography and structure of vasculature in developing cortex of rat kidney.

PMID- 677473
TI  - Prenatal hematopoiesis and blood characteristics of the cat.

PMID- 677474
TI  - The stress at the human atlanto-occipital joint. I. the development of the
      occipital condyle.
AB  - The development of the occipital condyle has been observed in human fetuses,
      neonates, children, and juveniles. In contrast to some authorities, the authors
      believe the occipital condyle to originate from the basioccipital and the
      exoccipital of the occipital bone. The bony parts of the condyle are divided by
      the synchondrosis intraoccipitalis anterior. The rostral area on the
      basioccipital occupies about one-fourth to one-seventh of the surface of the
      subchondral bone. The sequence and mode of ossification of the synchondrosis
      intraoccipitalis anterior has been investigated. A causality between the
      synchondrosis and the occasionally observed subdivisions of the articular surface
      in the adult does not exist.

PMID- 677475
TI  - Some observations on the development of the human hyoid bone.
AB  - Investigations on the human hyoid bone in several developmental stages reveal
      that with the chondrification of the mesenchymal blastema a typical interzone
      between the body and the greater cornua is formed. This disc of closely packed
      blastemal cells, distinct and broad in the earlier stages, is reduced in
      thickness in the course of further development. In fetuses between 5 and 6 months
      old and in newborns the formation of joint cavities can be seen in some cases. In
      other cases, however, a small transverse line of cells persists between the two
      cartilaginous elements. These findings are interpreted as different developmental
      stages of a diarthrosis generally formed between the corpus and the cornu majus.
      The fact that in the adult the lesser horn is connected directly to the cornu
      majus and not to the body is confirmed by the embryological investigations
      reported in this study.

PMID- 677476
TI  - A liquor contacting area in the pineal recess of the golden hamster (Mesocricetus
      auratus).
AB  - The wall of the third ventricle in the pineal recess of the golden hamster
      (Mesocricetus auratus) has been investigated by light and electron microscopy.
      Deep in the pineal recess, where the ependymal lining is thin and non-ciliated,
      clusters of pinealocytes protrude into the ventricular lumen. They force the
      ependyma apart so that their surface is directly exposed to the CSF, while basal
      processes extend towards the hypependymal pineal tissue. It is assumed that these
      cells may secrete melatonin into the CSF which is known to contain varying
      amounts of this hormone.

PMID- 677477
TI  - Relationships between ectoderm and skeletal morphogenesis in the chick embryo
      limb bud.

PMID- 677478
TI  - Effect of chronic centrifugation on bone density of the dog.
AB  - Sixteen male Beagle dogs, 293 to 509 days old, were exposed almost continuously
      for 3 months to 2.0 G on a 7.9m radius centrifuge. The dogs were maintained on
      the centrifuge by means of a specially designed, automated waste disposal and
      life support system. Bone density was measured by a 125I Profile Scanner in the
      anterior, medial posterior and lateral cortex of the femoral mid-shaft. As
      compared to mean density in the femora of normal gravity controls, centrifuged
      dogs showed a 0.8% (P less than 0.05) lower mean linear absorption in their
      femora. However, the regression of density on the square-root of cross-sectional
      area/pi differs very significantly in the animals living at earth gravity and
      those living at hypergravity. Thin hypergravic bones are denser, thick
      hypergravic ones are less dense than the corresponding ones of normal gravity
      controls.

PMID- 677479
TI  - Studies on the liver of xenopus laevis. III. The ultrastructure and the glycogen
      content of the developing liver.

PMID- 677480
TI  - The relation of aberrant vasculogenesis to skeletal malformation in the hamster
      fetus.
AB  - Oral administration of teratogenic doses of retinoic acid to pregnant hamsters on
      day 10 of gestation is associated with dysmorphogenesis of the appendicular
      skeleton. During the 24 h following retinoic acid treatment, the developing limb
      bud vasculature was disorganized, with blood vessels encroaching on areas where
      mesenchymal condensation of the skeletal blastemata normally occurs. Large,
      branching marginal folds and endothelial cell vesiculations protruded into the
      blood vessel lumina. It is suggested that the vascular changes observed may
      affect the concurrent early development of the skeleton and contribute to the
      skeletal malformation seen in near-term fetuses.

PMID- 677481
TI  - Changes in the mechanical properties or rat tail tendon during postnatal
      ontogenesis.
AB  - The ultimate tensile strength, elasticity modulus and ultimate elongation of tail
      tendon in rats age 1-18 months were measured with an Instron tensile apparatus.
      An increase in all these parameters was observed during the period of maturation,
      with a later levelling off of the tensile strength and the ultimate elongation.
      The value of the elasticity modulus attained a maximum during sexual maturation,
      and then decreased and stabilized.

PMID- 677482
TI  - Studies on the early development and implantation in the cat. II. Implantation:
      proteinases.

PMID- 677483
TI  - Endoderm regeneration in the chick embryo studied by SEM.
AB  - Regeneration of the area pellucida endoderm of the chick embryo was studied by
      scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A new endoderm was formed by in situ changes
      in the shape and relationships of mesoderm cells. Initially the cells flattened
      and lost their processes except along cell boundaries. Later even these processes
      were lost and an epithelium was formed. The area of regenerated endoderm
      coincided with the area of mesoderm at the time of endoderm removal, confirming
      the mesodermal origin of the new layer. Remnants of the original endoderm did not
      contribute to the regenerated layer. Contact inhibition was observed at the
      boundary between original and regenerated endoderms.

PMID- 677485
TI  - The pterygoid and ectopterygoid in mammals.
AB  - A dorsal pterygoid element and a ventral ectopterygoid element can be recognised
      during the development of monotremes, marsupials and eutherian mammals. Their
      homology with the elements so named in fossils ancestral to mammals can be
      established by positional evidence. In monotremes the elements remain distinct
      and show specialised features, including a hamular cartilage in the ectopterygoid
      of one specimen of Ornithorhynchus. In most higher mammals the pterygoid element
      is much reduced and is replaced anteriorly by the perpendicular plate of the
      palatine. Posteriorly the pterygoid element fuses with the ectopterygoid, in many
      cases before the onset of ossification. The hamular cartilage arises by
      chondrification within the ectopterygoid element and shows no sign of being a
      separate morphological entity, but must be regarded as a specialised feature
      associated with the architecture of the palatal musculature. There is a strong
      case for the value of recognising that the 'pterygoid process' of higher mammals
      includes both a pterygoid and an ectopterygoid moiety.

PMID- 677484
TI  - The ependymal and glial configuration in the spinal cord of urodeles.
AB  - The structural organization of the ependymal and macroglial components of the
      central field of the spinal cord of postmetamorphic ribbed newts has been
      reinvestigated using elaborate fixation procedures for transmission electron
      microscopy. All along the central canal, the ependymal cells display
      ultrastructural features that strongly suggest a secretory activity. Infrequent
      mitotic images, occurring spontaneously among the ependymal cells, were observed.
      The tightly compacted periependymal stratum contains two types of glial cells: 1.
      oligodendrocytes, also observed outside this stratum as neuronal satellites, and
      2. radial astrocytic cells, whose somata, exclusively located in the
      periependymal stratum, send their processes to the subpial lamina. The
      intercellular relationships between ependyma, oligodendrocytes and astrocytic
      cells are illustrated to show the continuity of the neuroepithelial
      configuration. Morphologic clues for identifying the cells of the central field
      of the urodele spinal cord are given. A gradient of differentiation of the
      oligodendroglial components could be postulated. In normal conditions, the
      astroglial differentiation is permanently arrested at the stage of radial glia.
      Some considerations concerning regeneration in the urodele spinal cord are
      submitted.

PMID- 677486
TI  - Development of adrenergic innervation of the iris and fluorescent ganglion cells
      in the choroid of the chick eye.
AB  - The developing innervation of the chick eye has been studied using catecholamine
      histofluorescence. The innervation of the pupillary dilator by the superior
      cervical ganglion begins on day 13 of incubation when fluorescent axons can be
      seen in the ciliary zone circumscribing the dilator. On day 14 a few processes
      are seen to branch from this band into the dilator. The number of processes in
      the dilator increases on days 15 and 16. After day 16 there is a reorganization
      of the fibers radially accompanied by a moderate increase in the number of
      processes. In addition, a group of fluorescent cells can be seen in the choroid
      adjacent to the ciliary body. These cells are bipolar at day 9 and become
      multipolar by 12 days of incubation. These cells contribute to a fluorescent
      plexus of processes in the choroid which stops abruptly at the border of the
      choroid and ciliary zone. It is thought that they represent a terminal
      sympathetic ganglion receiving preganglionic input from the carotid nerve.

PMID- 677487
TI  - Induction of lipid droplet accumulation in cardiac muscle cells of guinea pigs
      and mice: an analysis of the effects of reserpine and fasting.

PMID- 677488
TI  - Distribution of surface coat material on fusing neural folds of mouse embryos
      during neurulation.
AB  - Fusing and non-fusing regions of neural folds from mouse embryos were examined
      during neurulation for the distribution of extracellular macromolecules (surface
      coats) prior to and at the time of closure. Ruthenium red staining of 10th day
      ICR/DUB mouse embryos was used to detect the distribution of surface coat
      material. Light microscopic examination of fusing and non-fusing regions in the
      midbrain, hindbrain, and spinal cord showed a consistent increase in ruthenium
      red positive material immediately prior to closure. Heavy deposits of positive
      staining material were present along apical neural fold borders and overlying
      ectoderm cells. This staining pattern was consistent in the three regions
      examined, but the pattern of initial contact between opposing neural folds
      differed. In mid- and hindbrain areas contact was initiated by overlying
      ectoderm, whereas in spinal cord regions contact was first established by
      neuroepithelial cells. Once contact between opposing neural folds was initiated a
      decrease in stainable material was observed.

PMID- 677489
TI  - The effect of Marcaine on muscle and non-muscle cells in vitro.
AB  - The effect of the local anaesthetic Marcaine on muscle and non-muscle cell types
      was examined using an in vitro assay. Each of the cell types examined (myotubes,
      myoblasts, fibroblasts and liver parenchyma) expressed morphological alterations
      when incubated in Marcaine-medium. Myotubes were the most sensitive of the cells
      studied and exhibited several pronounced membrane structural changes after short
      incubation periods in Marcaine-medium. The toxic effects of Marcaine were
      irreversible and the myotubes continued to degenerate despite being placed in
      fresh medium. Myoblasts and non-muscle cells, however, demonstrated a rapid
      recovery when removed from the Marcaine-medium. Since Marcaine is thought to
      complete with Ca++ for specific sites on cell membranes, it is proposed that the
      differential effects which were observed are dependent upon the level of calcium
      related activities being carried out by the cells.

PMID- 677490
TI  - Satellite cells of rat muscles as studied by freeze-fracturing.
AB  - Satellite cells in rat muscles were studied by freeze-fracturing. They were found
      not to be fusiform but to have several narrow projections embedded in grooves of
      the muscle fibre membrane. Short projections of the muscle fibre covering the
      outer face of the satellite cells were observed as well. In the P-face of the
      cell membrane of satellite cells, membrane particles and caveolae were less
      frequently seen than in the P-face of the muscle membrane. Thus the surface of
      the satellite cells looked more smooth than that of the muscle fibres. Junctions
      between muscle fibre and satellite cell were not found. The presence of
      cytoplasmic extensions of satellite cells may suggest that these cells are
      motile.

PMID- 677491
TI  - Morphological studies on the adrenergic innervation of white adipose tissue.
AB  - White adipose tissue was obtained from the mesentery, epididymis, omentum and
      subcutis of rats which were fed, fasted or fasted and then refed. Tissue samples
      were prepared using the glyoxylic acid method to detect adrenergic nerves by
      fluorescence histochemistry. Other tissue samples were fixed with an aldehyde
      solution containing sodium molybdate which is specific for catecholamine granules
      in nerve terminals. Thin and serial thick sections (0.25-0.5 micron) were viewed
      with a conventional electron microscope and with the high voltage electron
      microscope. With fluorescence microscopy it was found that most of the blood
      vessels except veins and venules were richly innervated. The most extensive
      branching of nerves down to the capillary level was found in the mesentery and
      epididymal fat of fasted-refed rats. Relatively few adipocytes appeared to be
      innervated. With electron microscopy, nerve terminals were found distributed with
      most blood vessels including capillaries, and with some adipocytes. Only 2-3% of
      all dipocytes were innervated by adrenergic nerves. It is suggested that in the
      adipose tissue sites studied the major adrenergic innervation is mainly for the
      supply of blood vessels.

PMID- 677492
TI  - Scanning electron microscope study of the developing trout pelvic fin bud.
AB  - The growth of the pelvic fin bud has been studied with the SEM along with the
      characteristics of the pseudoapical epidermal ridge which occupies the free
      margin of the bud. SEM revealed fluffy protuberances in many of the epidermal
      cells, distinguishing the fin bud territory from adjacent areas. When the
      pseudoapical ridge appears, all the cells show this feature but their relative
      number decreases and these cells, termed the "tassel cells," are finally
      restricted to the base of the fin bud. This particular surface structure of the
      superficial cells may be unique to the fish, since it has not been heretofore
      reported in SEM studies of tetrapod limb bud.

PMID- 677493
TI  - [Extensive cutaneous avulsions of the posterior and lateral areas of the body.
      Contribution of the air fluidized bed in their treatment].

PMID- 677494
TI  - [Anesthesia and intensive care in secreting digestive carcinoid tumors].

PMID- 677496
TI  - [Evaluation of an enflurance vaporizer: the Enfluratec].

PMID- 677495
TI  - [Hemodynamic effects of intravenously and peroperatively injected methyl-4
      umbelliferone (cantabiline)].

PMID- 677497
TI  - [Postoperative necrotizing enteritis with Ristella septicemia. Apropos of a case
      followed by recovery].

PMID- 677498
TI  - [A complication of anesthesia via interscalene block of the brachial plexus:
      peridural cervico-thoracic anesthesia].

PMID- 677499
TI  - [Cardiovascular collapse and apnea following anesthetic block of the pudendus
      nerve].

PMID- 677500
TI  - [Central venous pressure pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary capillary
      pressure: a peroperative comparative study].

PMID- 677501
TI  - [Diagnosis of traumatic rupture of the thoracic aorta. Apropos of a series of 15
      observations].
AB  - Urgent diagnosis of the rupture of the aorta is emphasized. If deceleration is
      one of trauma factors and the chest Xray shows a widening of the mediastinum
      and/or a tracheal deviation towards the right, the diagnosis must be ascertained
      by angiography. If positive, the patient must be immediately transfered to a
      specialized surgical unit.

PMID- 677502
TI  - [Fentanyl antagonism by naloxone following anesthesia; attempt at
      standardization].

PMID- 677503
TI  - [Hemodynamic effects of alphadione in man. Effects of nitrous oxide].

PMID- 677504
TI  - [Coagulation tests after thiopental and etomidate].

PMID- 677505
TI  - [Apropos of 164 aortographies performed with diazepam neuroleptoanalgesia].
AB  - The authors report their experience with the use of a semi-conscious anesthetic
      technique for translumbar angiography of the abdominal aorta by the means of
      diazepam neurolept analgesia. This technique permits gathering all the data
      necessary for the angiographic examination. It is easy to manipulate and  enables
      a certain comfort for asthenic patient.

PMID- 677506
TI  - [Pneumoencephalotomography under diaz-analgesia and narco-analgesia].
AB  - The authors reported 92 observations of anesthesia for gaseous
      encephalotomography interest the adult. The contrast produce is air. 49 under
      diazanalgesia and myoresolution. Diazepam, +Fentanyl, pancuronium bromide N2O to
      60 p. 100. 25 under diazanalgesia and myoresolution. Diazepam, +Fentanyl,
      succinylcholine, N2O to 60 p. 100. 18 under narco-analgesia and myoresolution.
      +Fentyl, pancuronium bromide N2O to 60 p. 100. The conditions of the study are
      described in the first part. The results and their analysis permit the
      appreciation of: - the patient confort, the quality of the examination; -the
      respect of the hemodynamics for this examination, reputed to be "difficult"; -the
      immediatly noticeable diminution of side effects; -the absence of side effects; 
      the justification and interesting of the control ventilation; -the quality of
      waking up. In the conclusion the authors underline the interest of their
      different techniques and the possibility of using them in operations in sitting
      position in neurosurgery, and all important chirurgical intervention.

PMID- 677507
TI  - [Hemodynamic changes and methods of their correction during surgery of the
      sympathetic-adrenal system in hypertension].

PMID- 677508
TI  - [Evaluation of risk factors in children under emergency conditions].

PMID- 677509
TI  - [Evaluation of state-by-stage determination of blood loss and the problem of
      rational restoration of blood level according to the indicators of circulating
      blood volume in patients with malignant tumors of the lungs and stomach].

PMID- 677510
TI  - [Electrophysiological analysis of the neuro-muscular block in human skeletal
      muscles].

PMID- 677511
TI  - [Effect of hemodynamic disorders during epidural anesthesia on partial pressure
      of gases of the arterial blood].

PMID- 677512
TI  - [Contractile function of the myocardium and the central hemodynamics in the post
      resuscitation period].

PMID- 677513
TI  - [Characteristics of organ metabolism in acute cardiac insufficiency in patients
      with acquired heart defects operated on under conditions of artificial
      circulation].

PMID- 677514
TI  - [State of central hemodynamics before and after surgery on the lungs in patients
      with chronic ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 677515
TI  - [Central hemodynamics after surgery on the lungs depending on the extent of
      surgical intervention and respiratory disorders].

PMID- 677516
TI  - [Role of intravascular blood coagulation in the pathogenesis of postoperative
      pneumonia in patients with lung cancer].

PMID- 677517
TI  - [Evaluation of the parameters of central hemodynamics in intensive therapy and
      resuscitation of patients with acute peritonitis and pancreatitis].

PMID- 677518
TI  - [Bioenergetics of ischemic myocardium in various types of anesthesia].

PMID- 677519
TI  - [Artificial system sustaining liver function in hepatic coma].

PMID- 677520
TI  - [Effect of acute hypoxia on the functional state of the kidneys].

PMID- 677521
TI  - [Septic shock in suppurative peritonitis].

PMID- 677522
TI  - [Use of profunda-poplitea femoral by-pass in the revascularization of the lower
      extremities].

PMID- 677523
TI  - [Angiodysplasias. General concept and comments concerning various rare cases].

PMID- 677524
TI  - [Palm hyperhidrosis. 100 cases surgically treated by cervicodorsal
      sympathectomy].

PMID- 677525
TI  - [Intermittent claudication. Medical and surgical treatment. Its economical
      repercussions].

PMID- 677526
TI  - Toxicity of phytoalexins.

PMID- 677527
TI  - Parvovirus infection of the bovine fetus: distribution of infection, antibody
      response, and age-related susceptibility.

PMID- 677528
TI  - Anthelmintic activity of fenbendazole against gastrointestinal nematodes in
      calves.
AB  - Anthelmintic activities of fenbendazole were evaluated in a controlled
      experiment. Forty calves artificially infected with gastrointestinal nematodes
      were allotted to 4 groups. Calves in group 1 were used as nonmedicated controls;
      the other calves were given (orally) fenbendazole at the dose level of 5 mg/kg in
      the forms of a suspension (group 2), medicated feed to individual calves (group
      3), and medicated feed to the group (group 4). These treatments were given on day
      35 after calves were inoculated with infective nematode larvae. In groups 2, 3,
      and 4, overall reductions (based on geometric means) were 99.5%, 99.7%, and
      99.6%, respectively. These reductions were highly significantly different (P less
      than 0.01) from the control calves. Nematodes present in the calves were
      Haemonchus contortus, Ostertagia ostertagi, Trichostrongylus axei, T
      colubriformis, Cooperia onchophora, C punctata, and Oesophagostomum radiatum.

PMID- 677529
TI  - Humoral immune responses of cattle vaccinated with leptospiral pentavalent outer
      envelope and whole culture vaccines.
AB  - The humoral immune response of cattle vaccinated with leptospiral pentavalent
      outer envelope and whole culture vaccines was monitored with the microscopic
      agglutination (MA) test and the leptospiricidal activity (LA) test for a 2.5-year
      period. The serovars present in the vaccines were canicola, icterohaemorrhagiae,
      grippotyphosa, pomona, and hardjo. The LA test had greater sensitivity than the
      MA test for detecting antibodies to the hardjo, canicola, and icterohaemorrhagiae
      components of the pentavalent vaccine and was approximately equal in sensitivity
      to the MA test for detecting antibodies to the grippotyphosa and pomona
      components of the leptospiral vaccine. Both IgM and IgG were produced in similar
      amounts in the immunized cattle, and both classes were reactive in the MA and the
      LA tests. The IgM class of antibodies was more reactive in the  MA test, whereas
      the IgG class of antibodies was more reactive in the LA test. Using the MA test
      as the criterion of evaluating, the immunogenic potency of the individual vaccine
      components was found to be canicola more than icterohaemorrhagiae more than
      grippotyphosa more than pomona more than hardjo. A direct correlation between
      protective antibodies, as determined by the hamster passive protection test, and
      antibodies reactive in the MA and the LA tests was observed.

PMID- 677530
TI  - Elimination of the carrier state of bovine anaplasmosis with a long-acting
      oxytetracycline.
AB  - A long-acting formulation of oxytetracycline (L-200) was injected at a dose level
      of 20 mg/kg intramuscularly into 12 yearling cattle that had been experimentally
      inoculated with Anaplasma marginale 64 days previously. Four cattle were treated
      twice, 4 were treated 3 times, and 4 were treated 4 times. All injections were
      given once ever 7 days. Previous work (unpublished) with this formulation has
      revealed prolonged blood values following a single injection. The blood (80 ml)
      of each calf was inoculated into a susceptible test calf 83 days after the last
      treatment dose. Anaplasmosis did not occur in any of the test calves. Two
      infected cattle were treated with 12 daily injections of oxytetracycline (L-50)
      at a dose level of 11 mg/kg to establish the sensitivity of the parasite to
      oxytetracycline. Subsequent calf inoculation tests showed that A marginale was
      eliminated. Two unmedicated, infected cattle remained infected throughout the
      study. Complement-fixation tests with A marginale antigen at 6 months after
      treatment showed average sera titers of less than 5 in the treated cattle and 45
      in the unmedicated cattle.

PMID- 677531
TI  - Ultrastructure of anaplasmal inclusions (Pawhuska isolate) and their appendages
      in intact and hemolyzed erythrocytes and in complement-fixation antigen.
AB  - Hemolysis of parasitized erythrocytes augmented visualization of the anaplasmal
      inclusion, including its initial bodies, inclusion membrane, and inclusion
      appendage ("tail" or "band"). A dense attachment complex joined the appendage to
      the inclusion membrane (wall of the inclusion vacuole). The inclusion appendage
      consisted of tightly packed, interconnected laminae and assumed loop, dumbbell,
      and comet configurations described by other workers. The erythrocytic plasmalemma
      and the inclusion membrane had a thickness of 9.0 +/- 0.8 nm and similar
      structures. The initial bodies were covered by a thin inner organismic membrane
      (7.0 +/- 0.7 nm thick) attached to the organismic chromatin, an intermembranous
      matrix, and by an outer membranous sheath or pellicle (12.5 +/- 1.2 nm thick).
      Dense granular aggregates (24 to 40 nm in diameter) within chromatin clumps were
      the only structures in the initial body remotely similar to ribosomes, yet they
      were too large, were never free of chromatin, and appeared to disappear upon
      hemolysis. Complement-fixation antigen prepared by fractionation contained
      initial bodies, inclusion appendages, a few mitochondria, vesicularized
      membranes, and stromal debris. The preparatory treatment caused segregation of
      the organismic chromatin into independent dense particles 103 +/- 12 nm in
      diameter still bound by inner organismic membrane. Similar particles were seen
      also in the plasma and inclusion vacuoles of hemolyzed erythrocytes.

PMID- 677532
TI  - Quantitative study of the decussating optic axons in the pony, cow, sheep, and
      pig.
AB  - A quantitative study of optic axons in the optic tracts of several species was
      performed to determine the number and percentage of optic axons that decussate.
      Animals were prepared by unilateral ocular enucleation, and light microscopic
      techniques were employed to count the fibers. The mean number of fibers
      projecting from a single eye was 732,119 for the pony, 1,041,739 for the cow,
      534,755 for the sheep, and 442,629 for the pig. The mean degree of crossover at
      the chiasm was 80.8% in ponies, 82.9% in cattle, 88.9% in sheep, and 87.8% in
      pigs.

PMID- 677534
TI  - Pathologic changes and pathogenesis of Parascaris equorum infection in parasite
      free pony foals.
AB  - Parasite-free pony foals (n = 10) were infected orally with 1000,000 Parascaris
      equorum embryonated eggs. One pony foal each was euthanatized on days 1, 3, 5, 7,
      11, 16, 23, 27, 42, or 80 after infection. Foals infected for more than 7 days
      showed signs of coughing, anorexia, rough coat, and weight loss. Cellular changes
      in the blood were mild anemia, marked eosinophilia, and leukopenia. Gross
      postmortem lesions included hemorrhage, edema, and white-to-yellow necrotic foci
      (0.5 to 1.00 mm) in lungs, liver, and bronchial and hepatic lymph nodes.
      Microscopically, the liver was hemorrhagic and had focal necrosis and
      eosinophilic granulomas. Eosinophilic lymphadenitis with edema was in the hepatic
      and bronchial lymph nodes. The lungs had focal areas of necrosis with hemorrhage
      and interstitial pneumonia with hyalinization of the alveolar walls. Larvae were
      first seen in the liver at postinfection hour 24 and in the lungs on
      postinfection day (PID) 11. Average length of larvae in the liver was 1 mm and
      2.5 mm in the lungs. Larvae were not found in the liver after PID 11 or in the
      lungs after PID 42. The migratory pathway of P equorum was similar to that of
      Ascaris lumbricoides because the larvae migrated via lymph and blood vessels to
      the liver and then to the lungs. After migrating through the lungs, the larvae
      were coughed up and swallowed and then developed in the small intestine.

PMID- 677533
TI  - Potency of halothane-N20 in the horse.
AB  - The minimal alveolar concentration (MAC) of halothane which just prevented
      purposeful movement in response to electrical stimulation was determined in 11
      young, healthy, unpremedicated horses breathing oxygen (O2) or nitrous oxide
      (N2O) and O2. Ventilation was controlled during these MAC studies. The arterial
      PO2 was always greater than 90 mm of Hg and the average PaCO2. range was 36 to 40
      mm of Hg. The MAC for halothane in O2 was 0.93 vol %. Alveolar N2O concentrations
      of 25% and 50% reduced the halothane MAC about 12% and 25%, respectively. In 8 of
      these horses, the cardiovascular effects of halothane-50% N2O-balance O2 (H50N2O)
      were determined during spontaneous and controlled ventilation and were compared
      with previously reported results of halothane-O2 studies. Similar to halothane-O2
      anesthesia, increasing dosages of H50N2O caused a decrease in cardiovascular
      function. With the exception of N2O-associated increase in cardiac output and
      left ventricular work at MAC 1.0 and 1.5, little difference was seen between the
      2 forms of general anesthesia during controlled ventilation. However, when H50N20
      was administered to spontaneously breathing horses, most indices of
      cardiovascular function were depressed less than with a similarly administered
      equipotent level (MAC 1.5) of halothane-O2 anesthesia.

PMID- 677535
TI  - Evaluation of delayed hypersensitivity responses in normal horses and
      immunodeficient foals.
AB  - Delayed hypersensitivity (DH) responses of normal and immunodeficient horses were
      evaluated with antigens [dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB), keyhole limpet hemocyanin
      (KLH)] and phytolectins [phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A)].
      Immunologically normal horses sensitized with 5 daily applications of 2 mg of
      DNCB developed positive skin reactions upon challenge with 0.4 mg of DNCB. The
      delayed onset of the reaction and the predominately mononuclear cell infiltration
      at the test site indicated these were DH reactions. Normal horses sensitized with
      500 microgram of KLH and challenged with 100 microgram of KLH developed skin
      reactions appearing earlier and composed of neutrophils and mononuclear cells,
      suggesting involvement of both humor and cellular mechanisms. Arabian foals with
      combined immunodeficiency failed to respond visibly to either antigen.
      Intradermal injection of 50 microgram of PHA induced visible reactions in all
      normal horses tested. The slow development and the predominately mononuclear cell
      infiltrate of PHA reactions resembled DH responses to antigen. Reactions were
      induced by Con A in 15 of 16 normal adult horses and 7 of 14 normal foals. The
      reactions were rapid in onset and contained numerous eosinophils. All 6 foals
      with combined immunodeficiency failed to respond to PHA injection, whereas 5 of 6
      did not respond to Con A. Based on the results of these studies, it appears that
      in vivo skin tests with PHA and DNCB can be used to screen horses for deficient T
      lymphocyte responses.

PMID- 677536
TI  - Isolation of Mycoplasma arginini from swine and from a swine waste disposal
      system.
AB  - Mycoplasma arginini was isolated from the pharynges and tonsils of 4 of 6 swine
      necropsied during an epizootic of respiratory tract diseases and lameness. The
      organism was also isolated from 2 of 16 asymptomatic swine examined in the same
      herd approximately 10 months after the epizootic. In addition, M arginini,
      Acholeplasma laidlawii, and other acholeplasmas were isolated from recycled
      effluent of an anaerobic lagoon used for disposal of waste from the swine herd.
      This observation represents the 1st report of a Mycoplasma species isolated from
      a lagoon or sewage system. The pathogenicity of a strain of M arginini isolated
      during the epizootic was examined by inoculating young swine intranasally,
      intratracheally, intravenously, and intraperitoneally. The agent colonized in the
      pharynges of 2 pigs inoculated intranasally, but did not produce overt signs of
      clinical disease. Although neutralizing antibodies to M arginini were not
      detected, 1 animal that had been infected naturally and 2 that had been
      inoculated intravenously did develop complement-fixing antibodies. The findings
      indicate that M arginini can colonize in the nasal and pharyngeal mucosae of
      swine, but that it is not highly pathogenic for these animals.

PMID- 677537
TI  - Immunity to Lancefield's group E Streptococcus: passive protection of swine.
AB  - Healthy swine from one source were randomly allotted to 3 groups of 3 pigs each.
      Troup I and II pigs were parenterally dosed with serum obtained from swine in the
      convalescent stage of streptococcic lymphadenitis of swine. Group III pigs were
      contact controls. The swine of all groups were orally exposed to Lancefield's
      group E Streptococcus sp. During the next 3 weeks, the controls evidenced little
      resistance to the development of streptococcic lymphadenitis of swine, whereas
      the principals evidenced considerable resistance to development of the disease.

PMID- 677538
TI  - Physiologic effects of rapid infusion of Ringer's lactate solution into dogs.

PMID- 677539
TI  - Succinylcholine chloride as a euthanatizing agent in dogs.
AB  - In order to determine the efficacy of succinylcholine chloride as a euthanatizing
      agent, the possible situation encountered in mass euthanasia was recreated. While
      anesthetized or awake, sixteen 2-year-old Beagles of both sexes were
      subcutaneously injected with either 1.1 g or 11 mg of succinylcholine chloride/kg
      of body weight. Positive pressure respiration was given to 2 dogs, otherwise the
      treatment was allowed to run its course. Electrocardiogram, electroencephalogram,
      and impedance pneumogram recordings were obtained for time comparisons and for
      determination of the ultimate cause of death.

PMID- 677540
TI  - Megaloblastic erythropoiesis and tissue depletion of folic acid in the cat.
AB  - Dietary requirement for folic acid was shown in the cat. Folic acid deficiency
      was produced by feeding young cats a deficient diet (0.125 mg of total folate/kg
      of dry weight by analysis) for 22 weeks. The folic acid-deficient cats grew
      normally, but had reduced plasma, red blood cell, and liver folate concentrations
      in comparison with those concentrations in cats fed a control diet (1.36 mg of
      total folate/kg).. Urinary excretion of formiminoglutamic acid was increased in
      all deficient diet cats 24 hours after L-histidine injection. Erythroblasts in
      bone marrow smears from folic acid-deficient cats were megaloblastic; they showed
      abnormal nuclear chromatin patterns and had nuclear-cytoplasmic asynchronism.

PMID- 677541
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of penicillin G in the turkey.
AB  - Parmacokinetics of penicillin G was determined for the turkey. The study was
      prompted by the isolation of a sulfonamide-resistant strain of Pasteurella
      multocida from tissues of turkeys involved in an outbreak of fowl cholera and the
      subsequent discovery that little pharmacologic information was available
      concerning other antimicrobial agents in that species. Penicillin G was chosen
      for study because P multocida is susceptible to this antibiotic. The elimination
      of the antibiotic followed first-order kinetics, and the half-life was found to
      be 0.5 hours. Parenteral administration of benzathine-procaine penicillin G
      resulted in higher concentrations, which persisted for longer periods than did
      procaine or potassium salts of the antibiotic.

PMID- 677542
TI  - Anaerobic arterial sampling technique in the bovine species.
AB  - An arterial sampling technique was used in the unanesthetized bovine species.
      Samples for acid-base and blood gas analyses were obtained from a branch of the
      caudal auricular artery and required minimum restraint of the animal. The
      technique would be useful for research and clinical practice.

PMID- 677543
TI  - Toxicologic evaluation of microencapsulated formulation of diazinon applied
      dermally to cattle.
AB  - Acute toxicity studies in 24 newborn calves and 12 two-year-old steers were
      conducted with a microencapsulated formulation of diazinon (O-O-diethyl O-(2
      isopropyl-6-methyl-4-yrimidinyl) phosphorioate) after dermal applications. For
      calves, the maximum safe dosages of a diazinon wettable powder formulation were
      identical with those of the new formulation (0.05% concentration); for older
      cattle, safe dosages were 0.25% concentration. Thus, because of the slow release
      and absorption of diazinon, the safety factor for mature cattle is fourfold. In
      the present study, there was cholinesterase depression in calves at the toxic
      concentrations of 0.1% and in steers at concentrations of 2.0%. As determined by
      the mean cholinesterase depression activity, the dose-response relationship was
      true in the 4 treatment groups of older cattle, but was erratic in the 6 groups
      of calves. The use of modified and improved insecticidal formulations, such as
      the encapsulated type, is recommended. Their use may prolong acaracidal activity
      due to effective residues, eliminate the need for repeated applications at
      shorter intervals of time, and possibly allow increased dosages to mature cattle,
      without toxicity, and thus reduce acquired resistance of ticks and other insects.

PMID- 677544
TI  - Study of TAMe (p-tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester) esterase activity of bovine
      plasma.
AB  - The TAMe (p-tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester) esterase activity of mature and
      immature bovine plasma was studied and compared with the activity of this enzyme
      in human plasma. Kaolin activation of 2 minutes was required to produce maximal
      activation in cattle, as compared with 1 minute activation in man. The kaolin
      activated TAMe esterase values in bovine plasma were approximately one-half the
      values found in human plasma. The activity of this enzyme was statistically
      greater in immature than in mature cattle (P less than 0.05) at kaolin activation
      times of 1, 2, 15, and 20 minutes.

PMID- 677545
TI  - Radioimmunoassay of equine serum for thyroxine: reference values.

PMID- 677547
TI  - The environment of personality.

PMID- 677546
TI  - Comparison of the oral lethality of lead acetate and lead carbonate to the
      rabbit.
AB  - A significant difference (P = 0.025) was detected between the total amount of
      lead acetate and lead carbonate fed to rabbits before death occurred. Rabbits
      given lead carbonate were fed an average of 59% more lead before death occurred
      than rabbits given lead as a lead acetate.

PMID- 677548
TI  - Psychology in action. The smoking of psychology.

PMID- 677549
TI  - Thought into speech.

PMID- 677550
TI  - Olfactory imprinting and homing in salmon.

PMID- 677551
TI  - Skin test antigens: an evaluation whose time has come.

PMID- 677552
TI  - Absence of inductive effect of hyperoxia on superoxide dismutase activity in rat
      alveolar macrophages.
AB  - Mammalian cells may be protected from damage by hyperoxia through the induction
      of enzymes that reduce destructive oxygen-free radicals. One such enzyme is
      superoxide dismutase, which reduces superoxide to form hydrogen peroxide and O2.
      We studied the concentration of this enzyme in rat alveolar macrophages exposed
      to 85 to 90 per cent O2 in vitro for as long as 6 days and in macrophages
      obtained from rats exposed to 85 to 97 per cent O2 in vivo for as long as 7 days.
      In no case was there an increase in superoxide dismutase in rat alveolar
      macrophages, despite a doubling of superoxide dismutase in whole lungs of rats
      exposed to 85 to 90 per cent O2 for 7 days in vivo. We concluded that the
      macrophage of the adult rat does not defent itself against hyperoxia by the
      induction of superoxide dismutase and does not participate in the increased
      superoxide dismutase activity of lungs of these animals exposed to hyperoxia.

PMID- 677553
TI  - Distribution of HLA antigens in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
AB  - Divergent observations suggest that genetic factors contribute to the
      susceptibility to or clinical course of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. To
      determine whether there is an association between the major histocompatibility
      (HLA) system and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, the distribution of 35 antigens
      of HLA loci A and B was determined among 33 white patients with idiopathic
      pulmonary fibrosis and 329 healthy white control subjects. Although certain
      antigens tended to be more prevalent among patients with idiopathic pulmonary
      fibrosis compared with control subjects, there were no significant differences in
      the phenotype frequencies of the HLA-A and HLA-B antigens between these 2 groups.
      Thus, although subtle associations may exist between the HLA loci and idiopathic
      pulmonary fibrosis, these results indicate that antigens of the HLA-A and HLA-B
      loci are not linked with major risk factors in this disease.

PMID- 677554
TI  - Occurrence of pulmonary histoplasmosis after jejunoileal bypass for obesity.

PMID- 677555
TI  - Availability of previous chest roentgenograms.

PMID- 677556
TI  - Reliability of gallium-scan chest radiography.

PMID- 677557
TI  - Bronchoscopic needle aspiration biopsy of paratracheal tumors.
AB  - Primary lung carcinoma adjacent to the trachea and paratracheal nodal metastasis
      without evidence of the primary tumor or airway invasion require invasive
      surgical procedures to obtain adequate diagnostic tissues. Adequate diagnostic
      tissue was obtained in 3 of 5 patients with paratracheal masses by means of a
      bronchoscopic needle aspiration technique. There were no complications.

PMID- 677558
TI  - Regulation of regional perfusion distribution in the lungs: effect of regional
      oxygen concentration.

PMID- 677559
TI  - The beneficial effect of nasal breathing on exercise-induced bronchoconstriction.
AB  - In the first step of a study of the relation of nasal and oral breathing during
      moderate treadmill exercise to the onset of bronchoconstriction in young patients
      with perennial bronchial asthma, it was observed that most subjects spontaneously
      breathed with their mouths open when instructed to breathe "naturally."
      Subsequently, when they were required to breathe only through the nose during the
      exercise, an almost complete inhibition of the postexercise bronchoconstrictive
      airway response was demonstrated. When instructed to breathe only through the
      mouth during exercise, an increased bronchoconstrictive airway response occurred,
      as measured by spirometry, flow-volume relationships, and body plethysmography.
      These findings suggest that the nasopharynx and the oropharynx play important
      roles in the phenomenon of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction.

PMID- 677560
TI  - Measurements of maximal expiratory flow rates in cigarette smokers and nonsmokers
      using gases of high and low densities.

PMID- 677561
TI  - Transcutaneous oxygen tension in sick infants.
AB  - The clinical usefulness of the transcutaneous O2 electrode was investigated in 30
      sick infants; 159 simultaneous measurements of arterial PO2 and transcutaneous
      PO2 were made. During the comparisons, arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and
      thoracic impedance were continuously recorded, and skin axillary and
      environmental temperatures and hematocrit were noted. Despite a wide range of
      arterial blood pressure and hematocrits, arterial PO2 and transcutaneous PO2 were
      similar (slope, 0.963), except for 2 groups of sick infants. Some infants with
      severe, persistent pulmonary hypertension who were receiving an intravascular
      infusion of tolazoline and infants with mean arterial blood pressures more than
      2.5 SD less than the predicted average had values for transcutaneous PO2 that
      were lower than PO2. The surface O2 electrode is safe and relatively easy to use
      and provides data that can help in the management of most sick infants.

PMID- 677562
TI  - Disposition of theophylline after a single intravenous infusion of aminophylline.

PMID- 677563
TI  - Management of small bowel obstruction.
AB  - Preventable deaths from small bowel obstruction result from misdiagnosis,
      inappropriate delay in operation, inadequate preoperative preparation, and a
      poorly performed operative procedure. A systematic approach to each of the
      factors includes repeat physical examination, x-rays and CBC four hours after
      initial study in questionable cases, a pre-planned therapeutic interventions
      timetable, adequate intravascular volume and electrolyte levels, and a carefully
      designed operation which includes as little bowel manipulation and entrance as
      possible.

PMID- 677564
TI  - The influence of radioisotope imaging on current treatment of blunt spleen
      trauma.

PMID- 677565
TI  - Experience with intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation in a community hospital.
AB  - Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation is well established as an adjunct in the
      treatment of refractory cardiac failure in university centers. We have analyzed
      the practicality of its use at a community hospital without cardiovascular
      resident coverage. Between 1971 and 1976, 27 patients were subjected to
      counterpulsation. The survival rate was 44%. This compares well with university
      centers where various reports listed survival rates between 14% and 50%. We
      believe that IABP is a valuable adjunct in the total care of cardiac patients and
      should be used in all community hospitals in which cardiac surgery is done.

PMID- 677566
TI  - Pyloric stenosis.
AB  - In this study, pyloric stenosis appeared to be a commonly occurring, independent,
      entity probably resulting from antral pyloric canal gastritis rather than from an
      ulcer crater per se. An appropriate term might be stenosing pyloritis.
      Intraoperative effects on the pyloric sphincter from glucagon and atropine
      administration and stimulation of the vagi and gastric pacemaker were not
      detectable in a limited study on four cases. A local autonomy of sphincteric
      action was noted which was not affected by trunkal vagotomy.

PMID- 677567
TI  - Volvulus of the cecum.
AB  - Twenty-one cases of volvulus of the cecum are discussed; mortality was 9.5%.
      Eight patients underwent right hemicolectomy, but gangrenous changes were found
      in only one of these cases. No distal obstruction was found. The female-to-male
      ratio was 16:5. The roentgenographic diagnosis is highly suggestive in flat film
      of the abdomen and conclusive in contrast examination. Treatment of cecal
      volvulus by simple detorsion or cecopexy is inadequate and associated with a high
      recurrence rate. Primary resection of the right colon with ileotransverse
      colostomy is the treatment of choice for all types of cecal volvulus.

PMID- 677568
TI  - Use of progressive pneumoperitoneum in the treatment of giant abdominal hernias.
AB  - The preoperative use of progressive pneumoperitoneum in the treatment of large or
      complicated ventral hernias is established to be safe and useful. Indications for
      use of this technique include massive hernias, hernias that are repaired in a
      contaminated field, hernias in patients considered poor operative risks, and
      recurrent hernias. Five patients are described in whom this technique was used;
      all five hernias were closed primarily without tension, mesh, or postoperative
      complications. follow-up reveals no evidence of recurrence.

PMID- 677569
TI  - An epidemiologic study of postoperative staphylococcal wound infections in
      patients having vascular procedures.
AB  - An epidemic of postoperative wound infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus in
      15 patients during a four-month period in 1974 is reported. An unusual
      staphylococcal antibiogram served as a marker for the multiresistant strain of
      hospital-acquired infections and raised suspicion of a common source for the
      infections. The spread of infection began shortly after isolation was
      discontinued in the index case. An epidemiologic investigation showed that 14
      patients were on the same ward, and one patient from another ward had opportunity
      for contact with the index case. The epidemic was controlled by prompt isolation
      of all infected patients, adherence to strict isolation techniques, aseptic
      technique for dressing changes and by treatment of nasal carriers among ward
      personnel with appropriate antibiotics.

PMID- 677570
TI  - Surgical treatment of the acute stroke caused by proven vertebral-basilar artery
      insufficiency.
AB  - Five patients with acute strokes caused by proven vertebral-basilar artery
      insufficiency had restoration of acutely lost neurologic function with
      revascularization of ischemic tissue and cells of the hindbrain, including upper
      and lower motor neurons of the brainstem. This was done with an operation to
      correct partial extralumenal obstruction of the proximal vertebral artery. The
      operations were performed three to seven days after the onset of the acute
      strokes. Patient selection is dependent on angiography of the aortic arch with
      visualization of the vessels of the neck, the vertebral and carotid arteries.
      There was no mortality and no significantly morbidity among these patients.

PMID- 677571
TI  - Adult thoracic empyema revisited.

PMID- 677572
TI  - Simple and radical mastectomy with postoperative irradiation: a controlled trial.

PMID- 677573
TI  - Obstruction of afferent limb of gastrojejunostomy with jejunojejunostomy in
      treatment of alkaline gastritis.

PMID- 677574
TI  - Cysts of the parathyroid gland: report of two cases and review of the literature.
AB  - Two patients are presented, each of whom had a clinically symptomatic neck mass
      due to a parathyroid cyst. The literature concerning these cysts is reviewed with
      exclusion of cases considered to be parathyroid adenomas which have undergone
      cystic change.

PMID- 677575
TI  - Metastatic basal cell carcinoma: a review of the literature and report of two
      cases.
AB  - A total of 95 cases of metastasizing basal cell carcinomas have been recorded in
      the literature with 20 of these metastatic to bone. Two additional cases of
      metastasizing basal cell carcinoma with osseous metastases are presented, with a
      review of the literature.

PMID- 677576
TI  - Menopause and coronary heart disease. The Framingham Study.
AB  - A rise in coronary heart disease incidence after menopause and a dramatic
      increase in the severity of the presenting diseases are noted in a cohort of 2873
      Framingham women who were followed up for 24 years. No premenopausal woman
      developed a myocardial infarction or died of coronary heart disease. Such events
      were common in postmenopausal women. Even in women under 55, 40% of the
      postmenopausal coronary heart disease presented in these more serious forms,
      whether menopause was natural or surgical. The contrast was especially marked in
      the age group 40 to 44 years. In the age groups 45 to 49 and 50 to 54 years,
      incidence rates in menopausal and postmenopausal intervals were more than double
      those in premenopausal intervals, whether menopause was natural or surgical. In
      surgical menopause there was excess incidence whether the ovaries were removed or
      not. Postmenopausal women on hormones had a doubled risk of coronary heart
      disease.

PMID- 677577
TI  - Noninvasive diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis by phleborheography.
AB  - Phleborheography, a recently described noninvasive test for deep venous
      thrombosis, was compared with leg venography in 75 patients. Acute deep venous
      thrombosis was accurately diagnosed by phleborheography in 24 patients, with no
      false-positive diagnoses. External venous compression without thrombosis was
      diagnosed correctly in two patients. The remaining patients appeared normal or
      had chronic venous disease by phleborheography; however, 11 of these had acute
      deep venous thrombosis by venography, for a false-negative rate of 31%. Most
      undetected thrombi were in small calf veins. The specificity of phleborheography
      is thus 100%, but the sensitivity is only 69%. Similarly, its positive predictive
      value is 100% and the negative predictive value is 78%. When phleborheography
      shows acute deep venous thrombosis, this diagnosis may be accepted with
      confidence and therapy chosen accordingly, without venographic confirmation.
      Venography may still be required to withhold anticoagulation when
      phleborheography is negative.

PMID- 677578
TI  - Therapy of the hypereosinophilic syndrome.
AB  - Previous studies of patients with the hypereosinophilic syndrome have found very
      significant morbidity and a high mortality of 77% at 3 years. Our study analyzes
      the therapy and prognosis of 26 patients with the hypereosinophilic syndrome.
      Five patients showed no evidence of progressive organ-system dysfunction and were
      given no therapy; all have done well. Sixteen patients with progressive organ
      dysfunction were treated with corticosteroids; six of the 16 had a good response
      and needed no further therapy. Five patients were treated with various
      chemotherapeutic agents that proved to be ineffective. In eight patients who were
      unresponsive to corticosteroid therapy, hydroxyurea produced excellent responses
      in six and partial responses in two. With the above regimen, our 26 patients
      (including 12 with poor prognostic indicators) have had a marked increase in
      survival (3-year mortality of 4%) when compared with the historical control
      group.

PMID- 677579
TI  - Factor V antibody and disseminated intravascular coagulation.
AB  - A factor V inhibitor arose in a 79-year-old man within 1 month of an operation
      for a fractured leg. Absorption studies with solid-phase antibodies to human
      immunoglobulins showed the inhibitory activity to be primarily in the IgG class,
      but also in the IgA class, of immunoglobulins. This is the first report of an IgA
      immunoglobulin with factor V inhibitory activity. While the inhibitor was
      present, and at a time when no circulating Factor V activity was detectable, the
      patient developed septicemia and disseminated intravascular coagulation. The
      mechanism sustaining disseminated intravascular coagulation despite the absence
      of circulation factor V activity remains unexplained. The factor V inhibitor
      disappeared within 5 months of its initial detection. Possible origins of factor
      V inhibitors are discussed.

PMID- 677580
TI  - Metabolic bone disease after intestinal bypass for treatment of obesity.

PMID- 677581
TI  - T-wave abnormalities of intermittent left bundle-branch block.
AB  - Ischemia is traditionally considered a cause of intermittent left bundle-branch
      block (LBBB), and some patients have right precordial T-wave inversion in the
      normally conducted beats. Clinical correlates of T-wave abnormalities were
      examined in 46 consecutive patients with intermittent LBBB. Thirty-three patients
      (72%) had at least transient right precordial (V-14) T-wave inversion suggesting
      ischemia in normally conducted beats. Seventeen such patients had no evidence of
      coronary heart disease, including five with normal arteriograms. During LBBB
      conduction, T-wave abnormalities (upright T-waves I, aVL, V5-6) were frequent
      (48%) and more common than among patients with permanent LBBB (p less than
      0.005). The T-wave abnormalities during LBBB conduction occurred in the absence
      of coronary heart disease in nine patients, including two with normal
      arteriograms. Thus, right precordial T-wave inversion may result from recent LBBB
      itself, associated with T-wave abnormalities during the LBBB, in the absence of
      coronary artery disease.

PMID- 677582
TI  - Thrombocytopenia and intravenous heroin use.
AB  - Five young male heroin users presented with a syndrome resembling acute immune
      thrombocytopenic purpura. Although a viral, autoimmune, or toxic origin cannot be
      conclusively excluded at present, data are most consistent with the hypothesis
      that the thrombocytopenia was due to a drug-related immunologic mechanism that
      resulted in peripheral platelet destruction. Epidemiologic considerations suggest
      the common agent involved in their illnesses was present in the heroin they used.
      Although glucocorticoid therapy was followed by clinical recovery in four of the
      five patients (one was lost to follow-up), it is not certain that this
      represented a causal relation.

PMID- 677583
TI  - Halothane hepatitis: benign resolution of a severe lesion.
AB  - Three patients with halothane hepatitis were studied during the acute phase of
      their illness and for 10 to 14 months thereafter. Clinical, biochemical, and
      histologic data were obtained initially and during the course of follow-up.
      Despite initially severe clinical and biochemical presentations, with extensive
      bridging hepatic necrosis on liver biopsy, all three patients resolved completely
      and had minimally abnormal liver biopsy appearances at last follow-up. The
      results of this study suggest that hepatic necrosis associated with halothane
      hypersensitivity is self-limited and that despite the initial severity of the
      hepatic lesion, postnecrotic cirrhosis does not develop. Based on these three
      patients' courses, survival of the acute bout of halothane hepatitis is
      apparently accompanied by an excellent prognosis ultimately, provided that
      reexposure to halothane is avoided.

PMID- 677584
TI  - Hyperparathyroidism and radiation therapy.
AB  - Hypercalcaemic hyperparathyroidism has been diagnosed more commonly in recent
      years. This reflects an increasing awareness of and a growing interest in the
      disease. In the search for possible aetiologic mechanisms behind the development
      of parathyroid adenomata, certain environmental factors have been suggested. This
      study indicates that a significantly (p less than 0.01) greater number of
      patients who had parathyroid adenomata had previously undergone radiation therapy
      involving the neck region compared with normocalcaemic control subjects. The
      observed and controlled cases originate from a medical screening programme done
      as part of a health check-up including almost 16 000 persons in the Stockholm
      area. It is recommended that special attention to a past history of possible neck
      irradiation be paid in subjects suspected of suffering from hyperparathyroidism.

PMID- 677585
TI  - Lactase deficiency: prevalence in osteoporosis.
AB  - We determined the prevalence of lactase deficiency by analysis of respiratory
      hydrogen (H2) in 30 women with idiopathic postmenopausal osteoporosis and in 31
      female control subjects without evidence of metabolic bone disease. Eight
      subjects with osteoporosis had breath H2 excretion greater than 0.20 ml/minute at
      2 h after receiving 50 g of lactose and were considered lactase deficient; only
      one control subject was lactase deficient (P less than 0.05). Symptoms developed
      in seven of the nine lactase-deficient persons after receiving 50 g of lactose;
      in contrast, only three of the 52 lactase-normal subjects had symptoms. Although
      none of the lactase-deficient subjects was aware of milk intolerance, their
      intake of both lactose and calcium was significantly lower than that in the
      lactase-normal group. Lactase deficiency appears to be one of several factors
      that predispose to the development of osteoporosis, probably through diminished
      calcium intake and possibly through an effect on calcium absorption.

PMID- 677586
TI  - Elevated transaminases associated with an elemental diet.

PMID- 677587
TI  - Dysphagia and vertical nystagmus in magnesium deficiency.

PMID- 677588
TI  - Diabetic gustatory sweating.

PMID- 677589
TI  - Eosinophilic syndrome with methylphenidate abuse.

PMID- 677590
TI  - Hypersthenuria in high-dose carbenicillin therapy.

PMID- 677591
TI  - Central nervous system involvement in Ewing's sarcoma.

PMID- 677592
TI  - Variegate porphyria.
AB  - In temperate and cold climates the most usual presenting symptom of variegate
      porphyria is an acute porphyric attack, indistinguishable from that seen in acute
      intermittent porphyria. Increased fragility of the skin in sun-exposed areas
      occurs in only half of such patients, and even then is usually mild and easily
      overlooked. The diagnosis depends on fecal excretion of porphyrins, which is
      greatly increased in variegate porphyria and consists predominantly of
      protoporphyrin. Urinary excretion of porphobilinogen and delta-aminolevulinic
      acid increases only during acute attacks. There are reasons for thinking that
      variegate porphyria is commoner than hitherto supposed. During an acute attack a
      patient without skin symptoms may well be misdiagnosed as having acute
      intermittent porphyria, because of identical symptoms and excretion of
      porphobilinogen in the urine. Thus, for a correct diagnosis, every patient
      presenting with symptoms of acute porphyria requires a fecal analysis.

PMID- 677594
TI  - Geriatrics: the need for science and policy.

PMID- 677593
TI  - Clinical problem solving: a behavioral analysis.
AB  - To extend the understanding of the clinical problem-solving process, we have
      analyzed the tape-recorded behavior of experienced clinicians engaged in "taking
      the history of the present illness" from a simultated patient. We showed that
      specific diagnostic hypotheses were generated often with little more information
      than presenting complaints, that testing of diagnostic hypotheses consisted of
      various case-building strategies for corroborating and discrediting hypotheses,
      and that the process of information gathering included techniques to evaluate the
      validity of data and assess the need for immediate action. Overall strategies
      were more difficult to discern but included a focused approach, a systemic
      exploration method, and a chronologic technique. The data have potential value in
      medical education and in developing computer programs to simulate the diagnostic
      process.

PMID- 677595
TI  - The art of betting: which of a bleeder's female relatives is a carrier?

PMID- 677596
TI  - Dysphagia in magnesium deficiency.

PMID- 677597
TI  - Medical education in Colombia.

PMID- 677599
TI  - Hereditary nephritis.

PMID- 677598
TI  - Dialysis and psoriasis.

PMID- 677600
TI  - Hypercalcemia and tamoxifen readministered.

PMID- 677602
TI  - Caution on bone scans in eosinophilic granuloma.

PMID- 677601
TI  - Fluid retention with minoxidil.

PMID- 677603
TI  - Diagnosis in leprosy contacts.

PMID- 677604
TI  - Therapy of bronchospasm from muscarinic drugs.

PMID- 677605
TI  - Rehumatoid arthritis in hyperthryoidism.

PMID- 677606
TI  - [Apropos of a paranoid filiation delirium: the "intelligence" complex of dementia
      and psychiatry with associated absence of critical "control"].
AB  - Based on a clinical observation of a paranoid filiation delirium, the authors
      raise the fundamental question of the nature of psychotic structure itself. They
      suggest an interpretation of the structure of the psychosis as an attempt to
      rationalize and give shape to an inarticulate discourse. This work as a whole
      should be looked upon in the perspective of a new approach to the psychiatric
      occurrence through what might be called a relativist epistemology.

PMID- 677607
TI  - [Method of family interview in the presence of the patient in newly diagnosed
      schizophrenics].

PMID- 677608
TI  - [Analysis of free and protein-bound tryptophan in mental disorders].

PMID- 677609
TI  - [Epidemiologic study of psychopathology in immigrants in the XVth district of
      Yvelines].

PMID- 677610
TI  - [Observations on a child murderer, questions on the future of infanticides, child
      murderers and their spared children].

PMID- 677611
TI  - [Semantics of psychopathological expressions. 2. Productive interpretation and
      narrative semantics in delirious expressions].
AB  - The second part of "The semantics of psychopathological statements" concerns
      delirious utterances. The relations between the utterance act and the statements
      implicity constitute the delirium in the operational texture of the
      psychopathological process. Only the productive interpretation can relate the
      links between the diegetic elements of the utterance to the ensuing reading
      effects the words of which diachronically constitute a delusion. The meaning
      effects of the clinical statements, i.e. the symptoms and their narration have
      recurring repercussions on the semantics of the delirium process.

PMID- 677612
TI  - [Mental disorders in adolescence and their therapeutic approach implications
      between theory and practice].
AB  - After a developmental description of the adolescent process, the author describes
      the manner of initiating psychotherapeutic treatment for psychologically
      disturbed adolescents. Despite the inevitable reappearance of primitive defense
      mechanisms and ego positions, it is possible and necessary to distinguish between
      temporary stress or crises and psychic breakdown corresponding to specific
      development impairment necessitating, imperatively, therapeutic  help. The author
      attempts to find a conceptual link between apparently opposite theoritical
      positions such as intra- and supra-individual doctrines. Ideally, when confronted
      with borderline or psychotic pathology, family therapy should be coupled with
      individual psychotherapy. Finally, the therapist's counterattitudes are
      discussed.

PMID- 677613
TI  - ["Border-line states": psychodynamic and existential approach, apropos of 8 case
      reports].
AB  - This study attempts to determine the specific characteristics of this
      psychopathological concept, and demonstrate its operational interest. The
      traditional classification is clearly insufficient, and the clinical findings
      require metapsychological and existential references. The comprehensive approach
      to these morbid forms with polymorphic outlines, and variable symptoms, implies a
      deeper approach to the psychodynamic and structural planes. The experience of
      these subjects is characterised by sadness and lack of pleasure in life; they
      oscillate between a feeling of solitude, to which may be attached an anguish of
      separation and a flight from others when their relationship does not correspond
      to their special requirements and their modes of exchange with, in addition, an
      intrusion anxiety. Two references, one to Feeling alone by M. Klein and the other
      The ability to remain alone by D.W. Winnicott shed light on the psychogenetic
      basis and on the prevalence of phenomena of idealisation. The coexistence of
      sectors of mental function and defence mechanisms of different registers
      intervening together or alternately explain the "stability in instability". The
      existential continuum bears the traces of sudden ruptures. This paper includes
      the presentation of 8 cases.

PMID- 677614
TI  - [Study of the mercury resistance in hospital enterobacteria: genetic and
      epidemiologic aspects (author's transl)].

PMID- 677615
TI  - Scanning and transmission electron microscopy study of ferret respiratory mucosa
      infected with influenza A virus.
AB  - The use of both SEM and TEM techniques in studying the alterations of the
      columnar ciliated epithelium of the whole respiratory tract of ferrets enables
      the authors to find a significant discrepancy between tracheal and nasal mucosa
      destructions. This discrepancy is not a function of the anatomical location of
      virus instillation. Theoretical and pratical meanings are discussed.

PMID- 677616
TI  - [Kedougou virus (Ar D14701): a new Arbovirus ("Flavivirus") isolated in Senegal
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 677617
TI  - [Isolation of a strain of Mokola virus in Cameroon (author's transl)].
AB  - A strain of Mokola virus has been isolated in Cameroon from a shrew (Crocidura
      sp.). In Nigeria, where the virus was isolated for the first time, two human
      cases with one death were reported. The possibility of transmission of this virus
      by the bite of an arthropod is discussed.

PMID- 677618
TI  - [Various metabolic or toxic effects which can result from short term ingestion of
      sulfurous acid by the rat].
AB  - The work reported below was conducted for the purpose of evaluating the toxicity
      of two levels of potassium metabisulfite on various aspects of metabolism in
      adult rats. It appears that the two doses do not disturb the activity of acid
      plasmatic phosphatase. The increase of the pyruvic acid o blood caused for the
      higher level of sulfite (50 mg/kg/day) is considerably increased for absorption
      of a diet containing 67% of sugar, and considerably decreased by injection the
      day before the dosage of 200 microgram thiamine. The highest level (50 mg/kg/day)
      increased the urinary calcium however same larger quantities of sulfite did not
      cause any augmentation of fecal calcium. The "creatinine clearance" is not
      modified, the seric transaminases (G.O.T.-G.P.T.) are not disturbed, moreover,
      hematologic controls during the five months of experimentation did not show any
      perturbation.

PMID- 677619
TI  - Comparative effects of a protein deprived diet on the weight, lymphocyte content
      and the number of DNA-synthesizing and dividing cells in the lymphoid organs of
      the rat. Influence of the diet on the stimulating action of phytohemagglutinin
      and the inhibitory action of cortisone.
AB  - The changes induced in adult male rats by a protein deprived (PD) diet lasting 7
      weeks were investigated from the viewpoint of the cell contents of the popliteal
      lymph nodes (PLN), spleen and thymus; the levels of DNA-synthesizing lymphocytes
      counted on cell smear autoradiographs, and the levels of mitoses. The stimulating
      effect of a subplantar injection of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and the inhibitory
      action of cortisone (3 mg/100 g per day for 5 days) were also determined in
      normal and PD rats. The PD diet significantly reduced the cell contents,
      primarily in the thymus, as well as the number of labeled cells and mitoses per
      mg of tissue and per entire organ. When expressed on the basis of 10(3) cells,
      the levels of both cell groups were also reduced in the spleen but not in the
      PLN's where they were already very low with a balanced diet. In the thymus, the
      sharp drop in the mitotic index (M.I.) contrasted with unchanged levels of
      labeled cells and an important increase in the labeling density per cell. PHA
      increased the M.I. to a great extent in the PLN's and spleen in normal rats but
      not in PD rats. In contrast, the labeling index (p. 10(3) cells) in the spleen,
      as well as the number of labeled cells per mg and per organ, increased in PLN's
      and the spleen after PHA to a much greater extent with a PD diet than with a
      normal diet. These results suggest a premitotic block of the cell cycle after
      protein deprivation. Also, the mitotic index appears to be a more reliable test,
      than the labeling index, of the lymphostimulating action of PHA and of its
      inhibition following protein removal from the diet. The effects of cortisone in
      normal rats resembled to a large degree those of a protein-free diet. If the
      hormone was administered to PD rats, the residual lymphocytes of the atrophic
      thymus were still more cortisone-sensitive than those of normal rats. On the
      contrary, DNA synthesizing cells in the PLN's and spleen, and mitoses in the
      spleen resisted cortisone in PD rats, while they were partly destroyed by the
      hormone in the controls. This suggests that primarily the cortisone-resistant
      lymphocytes of these organs are capable of synthesizing DNA after prolonged
      protein deprivation. The results are in agreement with the hypothesis of an
      intervention of endogenous glucocorticoid hormones in the protein lack-induced
      lymphoid involution.

PMID- 677620
TI  - [Role of protein in control of the growing chick's appetite].
AB  - After a short study of the literature about the effect of proteins on the food
      intake regulation, the authors conclude that the only way to compare two feeds
      about their intake level consist in a comparison with animals of nearly the same
      live weight by expressing the intakes plotted against live weight. Themselves,
      they compare ingestions by chickens of rations which vary by their protein level
      and quality. In a first step, authors show that increasing the protein content of
      the ration led to a rise in the food intake, but then, beyond a critical level of
      protein, the food intake decreases gradually. In a second step, authors show that
      a better quality of the food protein leads to an increase on intake. In
      conclusion, proteins influence food intake not because they satisfy the nitrogen
      need of the animal, but because they saturate the blood in products coming from
      the catabolism of their non utilised fraction.

PMID- 677621
TI  - [Aflatoxin inactivation after ammonia treatment. In vitro studies on detoxified
      peanut meals].
AB  - The maximum allowable tolerance of aflatoxins in animal feeds is becoming lower
      and lower, and it is obvious that the fairly high level of aflatoxin B1 found in
      almost all peanut meals in recent years restricts this protein source for use in
      the diets of most animal species. Among the different chemical methods for
      aflatoxin inactivation, treatment by gaseous ammonia under a pressure of 2 to 3
      bars, appears a very attractive solution because it may be achieved by a fairly
      easy and rapid procedure. This treatment markedly reduces--up to 95 p. 100--the
      aflatoxins content of the meal. An increase in the nitrogen content, mainly in
      the non protein form, is observed. Ammoniation has no adverse effect on in vitro
      pepsin digestibility and even improves the sensitivity of the meal towards
      proteases. It slightly reduces protein deamination in the artificial rumen and
      nitrogen solubility in a buffer solution at pH 7,5; these effects seem to be
      favourable for the utilization of the treated meals by rumiinants. The amino acid
      compostion of the meal is not significantly changed, particularly with regard to
      total and available lysine. However, cystine undergoes partial destruction; but
      this loss could be counterbalanced by a supply of synthetic methionine.

PMID- 677622
TI  - [Protein metabolism in vitamin A deficient rats. I. Protein and DNA turn-over in
      rat liver].
AB  - The effect of a vitamin A deficient diet on liver proteosynthesis was studied
      with in vivo and in vitro methods. Weanling rats obtained from vitamin A
      rstricted female were fed "separate diet". Control animals received vitamin A in
      protein diet. Deficient rats were used at the weight plateau stage. The RNA, DNA
      and protein liver content was unaffected by vitamin A deficiency and the same
      result was found for free amino acid pool. The turn-over rate of protein and RNA
      of cellular fractions and total liver was studied. (14C) leucine and (3H) uridine
      was injected intraperitoneally. Animals were killed at 20-40 minutes and 2-4-6-8
      10 days after injection. Synthesis rate of liver proteins was the same in both
      groups. Our results indicate no difference in the average rate of (14C) protein
      degradation between control and deficient animals. Vitamin A deficiency decrease
      the turn-over rate of total ribosomal and soluble RNA. Polyribosome and
      postribosomal supernatant from deficient rats liver  were less active for protein
      synthesis in vitro than corresponding fractions from well nourished rats. The
      lesion was located in the post ribosomal supernatant fraction by "crossing over"
      experiments. Polyribosome desimentation analysis on sucrose gradients revealed no
      difference between the two groupe. The results indicate that vitamin A deficiency
      decrease cell proliferation without degeneracy. The limitative agent of
      proteosynthesis is situated at RNA level. However protein synthesis is unaffected
      in our experimental procedure.

PMID- 677623
TI  - [Protein metabolism in vitamin A deficient rats. II. Protein synthesis in
      striated muscle].
AB  - Parameters of skeletal muscle protein synthesis was studied in vivo and in vitro.
      The experimental design was previously described. Muscle humidity, protein and
      DNA content are not modified by vitamin A deficiency. RNA and free amino acids
      are modified. Glutamine, serine and threonine level decrease while phenylalanine
      and leucine increase in vitamin A deficients. After a single intra-peritoneal
      injection of (14C) leucine, the incorporation of radioactivity into total
      ribosomes and postribosomal supernatant protein was studied. The rats were killed
      20, 40, 60 minutes and 2,6,10 days after injections. The half time for
      radioactivity accumulation was four times higher into total and ribosomal
      protein, two times higher into postribosomal supernatant protein in vitamin A
      deficient rats than in well-fed rats. The decay of acid soluble radioactivity was
      similar in the two groups, although protein synthesis was lowered by vitamin A
      deficiency. It was then supposed that leucine, enters into other metabolic paths.
      Sedimentation analysis in sucrose gradients revealed a lower proportion of higher
      ribosomes species in muscle of deficient rat than in normal ones, but ribosomes
      from deficients were more active for protein synthesis in vitro than ribosomes
      from well-fed rats. The vitamin A deficiency decrease the muscle protein
      synthesis and lead to important changes on in vitro and in vivo ribosomal
      activity.

PMID- 677624
TI  - [New aspect of carbohydrate metabolism in vitamin A deficient rats: absorption of
      glucose during intestinal perfusions in vivo].
AB  - 24 hour fasting rats are anaesthetized and the small intestines are perfused in
      situ with a Tyrode solution at 37 degrees C, 1 ml/min., containing 0,5 to 15 g of
      glucose per liter. Larger amounts of glucose and water are absorbed by the
      intestine of vitamin A-deficient rats at all oncentrations of glucose. Intestines
      of meal fed rats absorbed more glucose than ad libitumnes. Plasma glucose and
      insulin levels are measured both before and during the perfusions everal higher
      values of hyperglycemia are noted in deficient rats which developed a particular
      lower insulinemia (these results are detailed in a further article).

PMID- 677625
TI  - [Glycemia and insulinemia of vitamin A deficient rats after administration of
      glucose].
AB  - We have studied the variations of the blood glucose and insulin concentrations of
      control and vitamin A-deficient rats after administration of glucose by various
      ways. The avitaminosis decreases the initial glycaemia and insulinaemia in
      fasting rats. It seems that the insulin release from the pancreas of the
      deficient rats is normal after a moderate treatment: for example after a single
      injection of glucose 0,5 g/kg in the carotide, or during the digestion of a mixed
      meal (rats trained to eat their day's food in a short time), or during an
      intestinal perfusion in vivo of weak concentrated glucose solutions (0,5 to 2
      g/l). But after meal feeding a glucose rich diet (65 p. cent) or during
      intestinal perfusions of solutions with a higher glucose content (up to 15 g/l)
      the hyper-insulinaemia is fleeting in the deficient rats and its appeared highest
      hyperglycaemia in some perfused animals. The endocrine regulations of the vitamin
      A-deficient rats are considered in the discussion.

PMID- 677626
TI  - Systemic antibiotics for use in ocular infections--penicillin-resistant
      Staphylococcus.
AB  - An analysis is made of the usefulness of various antibiotics in the systemic
      treatment of bacterial endophthalmitis. The staphylococcus is a common causative
      organism, particularly in cases following ocular trauma. Methicillin is the drug
      with which ophthalmic investigators have had the most experience, and is an
      acceptable therapeutic choice in the treatment of gram-positive endophthalmitis.
      Oxacillin has not been shown to penetrate the blood-aqueous barrier, and should
      not be used systemically. Dicloxacillin, currently not available for parenteral
      administration, is the penicillinase-resistant penicillin of choice. Cephalothin
      penetrates the eye well, but satisfactory levels are not maintained for a
      sufficient length of time. Cephaloridine, with excellent intraocular penetration
      and gram-negative coverage, may well be the optimal drug in patients with normal
      renal function.

PMID- 677627
TI  - Simultaneous metastasis of skin melanoma to the eye and orbit.

PMID- 677628
TI  - The dynamic film thickness of cushioning agents on contact lens materials.
AB  - Using an in vitro technique, a number of commercial as well as pure polymer
      solutions were evaluated for their ability to form thick aqueous layers on
      contact lens materials. It was demonstrated that the thickness of adhered pure
      polymer films was strictly viscosity dependent and did not depend upon the
      solution's wetting properties (ie, contact angle and surface tension) nor the
      surface upon which the solution was deposited (eg, glass, a hydrophilic surface
      versus Plexiglass, a relatively hydrophobic surface). The clinical implications
      of this study are that the desired solution properties of tear substitutes may be
      quite different from those of wetting and "cushioning" solutions.

PMID- 677629
TI  - Treatment of acute gonococcal conjunctivitis.
AB  - Because of the remarkable increasing incidence of gonorrhea, there is danger that
      gonococcal conjunctivitis also will increase. The ability of the gonococcus to
      rapidly cause corneal destruction and become increasingly resistant to penicillin
      make it imperative for ophthalmologists to keep up to date on effective treatment
      methods. A treatment schedule for acute gonococcal conjunctivitis is presented.

PMID- 677630
TI  - Fluorescein angiography in tuberous sclerosis: case report.

PMID- 677631
TI  - Congenital toxoplasmosis: chances of occurrence in subsequent siblings.
AB  - Occurrence of congenital toxoplasmosis in subsequent siblings after the birth of
      an affected child is discussed. Toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis was found in 3
      surviving siblings. The diagnosis was made by the typical fundus lesions in
      children, intracranial calcification in one child, and significant positive titer
      for toxoplasmic antibodies in all the children and the mother, who was
      asymptomatic. Serology for syphilis, skin tests for histoplasmosis and
      tuberculosis, blood studies with sedimentation rate, and chest roentgenograms
      were all negative in mother and all 3 children. The view that transmission of
      infection from mother to the fetus may result from a chronically infested uterine
      wall is supported and is thought to be the probable cause in the cases reported
      here. After the birth of one child with congenital toxoplasmosis, the parents may
      be reassured about the favorable prognosis of subsequent pregnancies with some
      reservation. However, it appears unwise to categorically refute the repetition of
      congenital toxoplasmosis in siblings. It is also suggested that because of
      possible danger of reactivation, the healed toxoplasmic chorioretinal lesions
      should be properly monitored if the patient is to be given corticosteroids for
      any other reason.

PMID- 677632
TI  - A preprinted ophthalmic history and physical form.

PMID- 677633
TI  - Complications of retrobulbar alcohol injections.

PMID- 677634
TI  - Neofibrovascularization of iris and anterior chamber angle: a clinical
      classification.

PMID- 677635
TI  - An irrigation-aspiration handpiece.
AB  - An irrigation-aspiration handpiece consisting of 4 stainless steel pieces affords
      control and variability for the physician in removal of soft cataractous
      material.

PMID- 677636
TI  - Topical anesthesia for inferior rectus recession in thyroid ophthalmopathy.
AB  - The restrictive hypotropia seen in thyroid patients is most commonly due to an
      infiltrative myopathy of the inferior rectus muscle. With the described
      technique, using topical anesthesia, the degree of muscle contraction and
      inelasticity determines where the inferior rectus should be placed to permit full
      upgaze. This provides full correction of the restrictive hypotropia with the
      least possible amount of muscle recession.

PMID- 677637
TI  - Eye-cosmetic-induced conjunctival pigmentation.
AB  - Light and electron microscopic study of conjunctival pigmentation in a 27-year
      old woman who used eyelid cosmetics is presented. The deposited material consists
      of ferritin particles and probably iron oxide and carbon. A review of the
      literature on conjunctival pigmentation secondary to eyelid cosmetics is
      presented.

PMID- 677638
TI  - Prolonged hypotony following cataract extraction.
AB  - Hypotony after intracapsular cataract extraction was prolonged in 3 eyes because
      cyclodialysis clefts were inadvertently formed. One eye became normotensive with
      the topical application of corticosteroid; 2 required surgical intervention.

PMID- 677639
TI  - The monocularly elicited visual evoked response in chronic glaucoma.
AB  - The monocularly elicited transscleral visual evoked cortical response was
      measured in a group of patients with asymmetric visual field loss due to chronic
      open-angle glaucoma. It was established that the visual field loss in the 2 eyes
      was statistically different in the patients. In addition, the peak amplitude of
      the visual evoked response obtained from a common occipital cortical position was
      statistically different when the 2 eyes were separately stimulated. A good linear
      correlation was found between the amplitude of the monocular transscleral visual
      evoked response and the amount of visual field remaining on tangent screen
      perimetry. The best correlation was found when a red stimulus was used to elicit
      the VER. The monocularly elicited visual evoked response provides an objective
      measurement of visual field in chronic open-angle glaucoma. It has value in those
      patients who have asymmetric disease and who are unable to provide reliable
      subjective responses. It may be useful in such patients to follow progression of
      the glaucomatous process.

PMID- 677640
TI  - Systemic lupus erythematosus presenting as optic neuritis.
AB  - A 57-year-old white man presented with unilateral optic neuritis. General
      physical examination and neurologic consultation revealed no further findings.
      Laboratory investigation, however, yielded an elevated sedimentation rate,
      positive LE preparation, elevated ANA titer, false-positive VDRL, and red blood
      cell casts in the urine. A diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was
      made. The patient was treated with sub-Tenon and systemic corticosteroids. There
      was a moderate improvement in central visual acuity. The suspected
      pathophysiology of SLE is reviewed. The papillitis presumably reflects the
      generalized vasculitis of SLE and may be responsive to corticosteroids as are
      other signs and symptoms of this disease.

PMID- 677641
TI  - Dextrocardia and ventricular septal defect in the Mobius syndrome.
AB  - A case of Mobius syndrome is reported with the additional features of
      dextrocardia and a single ventricle, neither of which have been previously
      reported in the literature with this syndrome. Correlation of the period in
      embryogenesis of cardiac partitioning and rotation with the appearance of the
      cranial nuclei and limb buds would support the proposal that the fourth to the
      seventh week of gestation is the critical period of embryogenesis, wherein an
      intrauterine insult could give rise to the Mobius syndrome.

PMID- 677642
TI  - Retinal vascular occlusions and their treatment with low molecular weight dextran
      and vasodilators: report of six years' experience.
AB  - Fifty-two cases of retinal vascular occlusions were treated with retrobulbar
      injection of lidocaine (Xylocaine) and acethylcholine and systemic administration
      of low molecular weight dextran and papaverine hydrochloride. Twenty-eight
      patients had arterial occlusion while 24 patients suffered from venous occlusion.
      Improvement in vision was observed in 13 eyes (46%) with arterial occlusion.
      Sixteen patients (66%) with venous occlusion showed improvement in vision. Only 9
      cases (17.3%) recovered completely (3 arterial occlusion and 6 venous occlusion).
      Good results were achieved only if treatment was started shortly after the onset
      of the disease. Systemic side effects of low molecular weight dextran were
      observed in 6 cases, all of which were excluded from the present study. Despite
      the relatively good results obtained with the use of low molecular dextran
      combined with papaverine hydrochloride in the treatment of retinal vascular
      occlusions, this treatment cannot be considered a revolutionary breakthrough.

PMID- 677643
TI  - Traumatic central retinal vein occlusion.
AB  - A patient with the clinical picture of thrombosis of the central retinal vein
      following relatively minor head trauma is discussed. Only 2 reports in the
      literature have documented a similar event. It is suggested that the condition
      may have arisen as a result of an abnormality of the central retinal venous
      outflow system since such an abnormal pattern was discovered on orbital
      venography.

PMID- 677644
TI  - Bloody tears due to congenital factor VII deficiency.

PMID- 677645
TI  - Iontophoretic local anesthesia for conjunctival surgery.
AB  - An iontophoretic unit, originally designed to deliver local anesthesia to the
      tympanic membrane, has been adapted for use on the tarsal conjunctiva before
      excision of conjunctivolithiasis plaques and other intra- and subconjunctival
      lesions.

PMID- 677646
TI  - Numerical grading of the disc.
AB  - The current method of grading the optic disc cannot replace stereoscopic
      photography. The present method of describing the optic disc is misleading and
      does not supply as much information as could be provided. The proposed method
      adds both vertical and horizontal dimensions. It takes very little time to record
      and supplies both the reader and subsequent examiner with a more detailed
      description of the disc, cup, disc ratio.

PMID- 677647
TI  - Sloughing of skin following fluorescein extravasation.

PMID- 677649
TI  - Secondary implantation of intraocular lenses.

PMID- 677648
TI  - Corneal endothelial effects of current ultrasonic cataract extractors.

PMID- 677650
TI  - Congenital medial canthal tendon malposition.
AB  - This report describes the characteristics and treatment of a syndrome in which
      the predominant ophthalmic defect is a congenital malposition of the medial
      canthal tendon. The syndrome is illustrated by 3 patients, each of whom had
      associated nasal deformities on the ipsilateral side. These congenital anomalies
      most likely resulted from an arrest in development during the second month of
      embryonic life. A combined effort by the ophthalmic plastic surgeon, the general
      plastic surgeon, and the otolaryngologist has been found useful in the management
      of these patients.

PMID- 677651
TI  - Bietti's crystalline fundus dystrophy.
AB  - Two cases of Bietti's crystalline fundus dystrophy are presented. The crystals in
      the posterior pole are associated with a diffuse tapetoretinal degeneration. The
      functional symptoms are less severe than in pigmentary retinopathy.

PMID- 677652
TI  - Glaucoma report. Osmotherapy.

PMID- 677653
TI  - Delayed onset chloroquine retinopathy: case report.
AB  - A patient presented with decreased visual acuity and retinal findings compatible
      with chloroquine retinopathy 5 years after discontinuing regular usage of
      chloroquine for rheumatoid arthritis. A review of the literature on chloroquine
      retinopathy is outlined. In addition, the characteristic findings including
      fluorescein angiography, retinal physiologic studies, and symptoms are reviewed.
      Chloroquine retinopathy is dose related and essentially irreversible and often
      progressive once typical findings are noted. To our knowledge very delayed onset
      of chloroquine retinopathy is a relatively rare phenomenon but the medical and
      ophthalmic communities must be alerted to the possibly severe complications of
      this iatrogenic disease entity.

PMID- 677655
TI  - Peripheral retinal neovascularization in sarcoidosis with thalassemia.
AB  - A black youth with peripheral retinal (sea fan) neovascularization had both
      sarcoidosis and alpha-thalassemia. The possibility that both of these disease
      entities were responsible for the observed pathology is explored. Most of the
      pathology present, the stasis, the hypoxia, and the vasoproliferation, is
      presumed to be due to the sarcoidosis. No definite relationship was established
      in this case for the alpha-thalassemia, a rare genetic abnormality of hemoglobin
      production.

PMID- 677654
TI  - Ocular complications of electroconvulsive therapy.
AB  - Multiple cardioversion shocks were recently reported to cause disruption of the
      iris pigment epithelium. Pigment debris was deposited on the anterior lens
      surface, iris stroma, corneal endothelium, and trabecular meshwork. Similar
      findings were observed in 3 of 4 patients receiving more than 10
      electroconvulsive therapy shocks and in a fifth patient who became attached to an
      electrified fence.

PMID- 677656
TI  - Some observations on ocular manifestation of sickle cell disease.
AB  - The ocular manifestations of 76 sickle cell disease patients are reported. Our
      findings indicate that any type of sickle cell oculopathy may appear in
      conjunction with any type of hemoglobinopathy and that no single ocular finding
      is specific to any one type of sickle cell anomaly. Sickle cell oculopathy,
      particularly retinopathy, is found to be a slowly progressive condition.
      Treatment of retinal and vitreal neovascularization with photocoagulation seems
      to be indicated to stop the disease process. Acute retinal vascular occlusion
      seems to respond favorably to the intravenous administration of low molecular
      weight dextran and papaverine hydrochloride. Sickle cell patients suffering from
      retinal detachment do not respond favorably to conventional retinal detachment
      surgery.

PMID- 677657
TI  - A new gas permeable hard contact lens.
AB  - In reviewing the literature, it becomes apparent that there is continued interest
      in a gas permeable contact lens. Although silicone is the logical choice of
      material because of its unusual oxygen permeability, its hydrophobic
      characteristics, poor centering characteristics, and problems with proper edging
      have prevented its widespread use. This paper reports on a preliminary study in a
      group of 25 phakic patients fitted with a lens made of a new material consisting
      of polymethylmethacrylate in combination with silicone. The material is reported
      to be gas permeable although advantage is also taken of the lens flexibility to
      enhance the interchange of tears to maintain normal corneal metabolism. The other
      advantages of the lens are its wettability and its unusual degree of comfort.

PMID- 677658
TI  - Cyclic esotropia.
AB  - A recent case of cyclic esotropia is reported. Factors precipitating the cycle
      and theories about the clock mechanism are discussed. At present the exact nature
      and location of the clock mechanism remains speculative.

PMID- 677660
TI  - Evaluation of ocular tension: are terms "ocular hypertension" and "low tension
      glaucoma" necessary?

PMID- 677659
TI  - Intraepithelial epithelioma (Bowen's disease) of conjunctiva and chronic
      lymphocytic leukemia.
AB  - Occurrence of intraepithelial epithelioma (Bowen's disease) of the conjunctiva in
      a 54-year-old white man with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and bilateral
      labiopalatine clefting is discussed. The lesion developed slowly during 3 years
      following mechanical trauma to the eye. The interrelationship between trauma,
      Bowen's disease, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia remains obscure. It is
      postulated that an altered immunologic status might be responsible for neoplastic
      changes in the posttraumatic healing process. Intractable lesions in a patient
      with abnormal immunologic system or with an already proven malignancy should be
      studied by excisional biopsy.

PMID- 677661
TI  - Effect of xenon arc photocoagulation on corneal endothelium.
AB  - Xenon arc photocoagulation of the fundus of pigmented rabbits resulted in no
      corneal endothelial cell damage when the experiment was designed to minimize
      corneal temperature rise by frequent topical instillations of ophthalmic
      irrigating solution.

PMID- 677662
TI  - Rhegmatogenous retinal detachments in blacks.
AB  - Primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment is probably much less common in blacks
      than whites. We reviewed 100 consecutive black patients with retinal detachment
      who were seen over a 3 year period, and compared them to a randomly selected
      group of 100 whites seen during the same period. Trauma was the most common cause
      of detachment in blacks (52%), but was a relatively uncommon cause in whites
      (12%). Posterior vitreous detachment was the most frequent etiology of detachment
      in whites (47%), but was rare in blacks (15%). Aphakia was the second most common
      etiology in whites (30%), while it was relatively uncommon in blacks (13%).
      Myopia and/or lattice was a more frequent associated finding in blacks with
      detachment (19%), than in whites (9%). These findings are discussed and the
      literature reviewed.

PMID- 677663
TI  - Minimum ptosis corrected by lid fold procedure.
AB  - The lid fold procedure has become a popular ophthalmic plastic surgical procedure
      among Oriental girls following World War II here in Hawaii and in the Orient. In
      addition to creating a lid fold, the procedure can be used to correct a mild
      degree of ptosis (1 to 3 mm). When done under local anesthesia the width of the
      fold, the amount of elevation, and the matching symmetry of the eyelids can be
      readily controlled.

PMID- 677664
TI  - Lindner posterior vitreous fistula with senile cataract extraction for quick
      reformation of anterior chamber: indications, technique, and results.
AB  - Pars plana partial vitrectomy using Lindner posterior vitreous fistula was
      prophylactically used with senile cataract extraction in cases known to be liable
      for nonreformation of anterior chamber and gelly vitreous with perfect results as
      regards postoperative maintenance of anterior chamber aphakic depth. The combined
      operation is indicated in cases (1) if the other eye was lost through
      nonreformation of anterior chamber after a perfect senile cataract extraction;
      and (2) in very old patients with very shallow anterior chamber especially when
      there are other senile ocular changes such as flatter, thinner cornea, tendency
      for uveal vascular engorgement and exudations (after hypotony of operation), and
      bad wound healing. This is especially true in small hypermetropic eyes with small
      cornea. The technique of the combined operation is described.

PMID- 677665
TI  - Pigmented paravenous retinochoroidal atrophy.
AB  - A patient with paravenous pigmented chorioretinal atrophy is presented. A
      differential diagnosis and review of the literature are discussed. Fluorescein
      angiography confirms the presence of a widespread paravenous retinal pigment
      epithelial defect with minimally affected choroidal vasculature. The visual
      fields are constricted in proportion to the extent of the pigmentary abnormality.
      The electro-oculogram and electroretinogram show reduced responses indicative of
      a more extensive abnormality than is visible ophthalmoscopically. The etiology
      and natural course of this entity are unknown.

PMID- 677666
TI  - Abnormal head positions due to ocular problems.
AB  - This paper involves the research of 30 patients, all of whom exhibited a head
      tilt, turn, or a combination of the two. We report the sensory aspects of 8 of
      these individuals and demonstrate the fusional ability of each patient. In the
      majority of the cases, the results were positive. It was found that most abnormal
      head positions were developed to maintain fusion.

PMID- 677667
TI  - Presumed spontaneously regressed retinoblastoma.
AB  - A history of blindness in one eye since childhood, the fundus appearance of the
      other eye, and the family history of elevated plasma levels of carcinoembryonic
      (CEA) antigen and colorectal carcinoma led us to diagnose bilateral spontaneously
      regressed retinoblastoma. Massive gliosis of the retina was found in the eye
      enucleated because of blindness and pain. The diagnosis of regressed
      retinoblastoma should be considered where the pathologic diagnosis of an
      enucleated eye is massive gliosis of the retina, but where no known cause is
      present.

PMID- 677668
TI  - B-scan ultrasonography of retinal detachments.
AB  - Characteristic ultrasonsographic patterns of retinal detachment in a variety of
      clinical circumstances are demonstrated and discussed. Uncomplicated retinal
      detachment consists of ultrasonically detected retinal detachment without
      associated pathology in the vitreous, subretinal space, or choroid. The
      simultaneous detection of lesions in one or more of these areas may be a source
      of diagnostic confusion. Acoustic diagnostic criteria for differentiation of
      associated conditions in complicated retinal detachments are demonstrated and
      discussed. High resolution A-scan and B-scan ultrasonography provides a method
      for detection and diagnosis of retinal detachment, associated ocular pathology,
      and simulating conditions.

PMID- 677669
TI  - Histocompatibility antigens (HLA) and open angle glaucoma.
AB  - In 70 patients with primary open angle glaucoma and 70 unrelated controls of
      identical ethnic origin, the prevalence of different HLA antigens were examined.
      There were statistically no significant differences in the incidence of the
      antigens in both groups. There was no association between specific HLA antigen
      and primary open angle glaucoma.

PMID- 677670
TI  - Occult retinitis pigmentosa simulating central nervous system disease.
AB  - The case histories of 3 elderly patients with senile pigmentary dystrophy of the
      retina are presented. Recognition of this occult form of retinitis pigmentosa was
      obscured by the late onset of symptoms, lack of subjective night blindness,
      subtle fundus abnormalities, and absence of family history of eye disease.
      Unexplained visual field loss prompted invasive neurologic studies for suspected
      brain tumor in 2 patients and long-term anticoagulation administration in the
      third, who was believed to have primary cerebrovascular disease. Retinitis
      pigmentosa should be considered when evaluating older patients with field
      defects. Fluorescein angiography and electrophysiologic and psychophysical
      techniques are helpful in the differential diagnosis.

PMID- 677671
TI  - Experimental cataract production by high frequency ultrasound.
AB  - In vivo animal experiments were performed to study the cataractogenic effects of
      high-frequency, high-intensity ultrasound. A series of anesthetized rabbits was
      insonified with quantified exposures of ultrasound using a 9.8 MHz focused
      ultrasonic beam. Ophthalmoscopic and slit lamp examinations revealed small haze
      cataracts as the first stage of lenticular damage. Larger exposures produced
      totally opaque cataracts. These first appeared as fine white threads surrounded
      by haze cataracts. The intensity-exposure time conjugates required to produce
      haze cataracts were determined over times ranging from 35 msec to 5 sec. At short
      times (under 100 msec) a relatively constant amount of energy was needed for
      cataract production. At longer times, the requried energy progressively
      increased. This observation, together with the physical appearance of these
      cataracts, suggests that those lesions are the result of thermal phenomena.

PMID- 677673
TI  - Extended wear contact lens.

PMID- 677672
TI  - Contact lens tolerance and oral contraceptives.
AB  - Five hundred seventeen persons, 199 women used oral contraceptives, 242 women who
      served as a control group, and reference group of 76 males, were studied with
      regard to their tolerance to contact lenses. Statistically no difference was
      found between the number of persons with regard to good, moderate, and poor
      contact lens tolerance in each of these 3 groups. A total of 40 females, of which
      18 were using oral contraceptives and 22 were not, discontinued the wear of
      contact lenses as they could not tolerate them at all. Analysis showed that the
      number of persons in each group did not differ significantly. There was a
      suggestion of increased intolerance in the older age groups as compared to the
      younger age groups.

PMID- 677674
TI  - Outpatient cataract-implant surgery compared with outpatient cataract-standard
      surgery.

PMID- 677675
TI  - [Effect of labor on plasma levels of chorionic somatomammotropin (CS), estradiol
      (E2), progesterone (Pr) and cortisol; behavior of these levels in the first hours
      of the puerperium].

PMID- 677676
TI  - [Induction of labor using postaglandin E2].

PMID- 677677
TI  - [Importance of the accelerations in basal cardiotocographic tracing during
      pregnancy].

PMID- 677678
TI  - [Treatment of diabetic pregnant women based on findings of serial HPL
      determinations].

PMID- 677679
TI  - [Recent acquisitions on vertical transmission of viral hepatitis B].

PMID- 677680
TI  - [Inhibition of lactation with 2-bromo-alpha-ergocryptine (CB-154)].

PMID- 677681
TI  - [Incontinentia pigmenti. Chromosomal study of a family (author's transl)].
AB  - After lymphocyte culture, chromosomic study has been performed on a woman and her
      daughter suffering from incontinentia pigmenti as well as on the two healthy
      brothers. This study has shown a high rate of chromosomic breakage in the four
      subjects, which confirms the facts mentioned in several previous reports. As far
      as genetic advice is concerned, the discovery of an excess of chromosomic
      breakage in a healthy subject who is a close relative of a patient, should prompt
      caution.

PMID- 677682
TI  - [Pityrosporum folliculitis (author's transl)].
AB  - Pityrosporum folliculitis occurs mainly among adult males on the back and may
      result from antibiotic and steroid administration. The lipophilic yeasts are
      numerous in the papulo-pustular lesions and can easily be demonstrated in the
      perifollicular inflammation on histological slides. 8 new cases with typical
      clinicopathological features are recorded by the authors. The best results are
      obtained with topically applied amphotericin B or econazol.

PMID- 677683
TI  - [Ulstrastructural study of various evolutive stages of pityriasis versicolor
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Small size, less numerous and sometimes clustered melanosomes, were seen within
      the melanocytes. The others organites alos showed  abnormalities: smaller
      mitochondria, abundant cytofilaments. Sometimes total degeneration of the
      melanocyte was seen. These alterations are variable, depending upon the evolutive
      stage of pityriasis versicolor: either hypopigmented undergoing treatment or not,
      or hyperpigmented. Reactions of several cellular types of the dermoepidermal unit
      could be observed: more numerous Langerhans cells located near the base of the
      epidermis, abundant nerve fibers in the superficial dermis and active fibroblasts
      of foetal type. A slight inflammatory infiltrate was present in some cases. It is
      suggested that a toxic effect of the fungus is responsible for the changes of the
      morphological aspects of the melanocyte.

PMID- 677684
TI  - [Lupus erythematosus profundus: two cases with ultrastructural study].
AB  - Lupus erythematosus profundus (panniculitis) is an unusual clinical variant of
      lupus erythematosus in which the lesions occur in deeper corium and panniculus.
      The diagnosis usually causes difficulty. Both reported cases are similar and
      concern young men with subcutaneous nodules appearing on the face and leaving
      depressed areas. Histological examination reveals a marked infiltrate in the
      dermis especially around the skin appendages, reaching the deep dermis and the
      fat tissue; this infiltarte is composed mainly of lymphocytes and histiocytes.
      Some moderate epidermal changes are present: liquefaction degeneration of the
      basal cell layer, epidermal atrophy, thickening of basement membrane (P. A. S.).
      Direct immunofluorescence of the lesions showed, in one case IgG deposits at the
      dermo-epidermal junction. Ultrastructural findingd are similar in both cases and
      may be an important point of diagnosis for isolated forms: -- tubular structures
      "paramyxo-virus-like-inclusions" are present in dermal infiltrate, endothelial
      cells and sometimes in keratinocytes of the basal layer; -- the basal lamina has
      many folds and villous projections;-- vacuoles and concentric lamellar formations
      are observed inside keratinocytes. No clinical or immunological signs of systemic
      lupus were found. Antimalaric drugs clear up the nodules.

PMID- 677686
TI  - [Idiopathic eruptive macular pigmentation (author's transl)].
AB  - The feeling of the authors is that their seven reported cases of a pigmented
      dermatosis are different from the ashy dermatosis and from the erythema
      dyschromicum perstans. This disease, which affects children and teenagers, males
      as well as females, is characterized by pigmented macules 5-25 mm in diameter,
      affecting the neck, the trunk and the limbs. The first symptom is whether a
      pigmented spot, or an erythematous, papular or achromic lesion; in the latter
      instance the pigmentation occurs only secundarily. In most of the cases this
      dermatose is slowly and spontaneously regressive. The histological picture is not
      really specific. In one case there was a marked intraepidermal dyskeratosis of
      the sweat duct openings. The etiology remains unknown.

PMID- 677685
TI  - [Cutaneous dyschromia in three cases of phenylketonuria. Quantitative
      ultrastructural study of the basal layer of the epidermis (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors have studied skin color modifications in 3 cases of phenylketonuria
      and have observed the characteristic changes; fair skin and fair hair. In
      addition they noted hundred of pigmented pin point or slightly larger patches in
      the two more affected patients, in the areas exposed to sunshine. With regard to
      the ultrastructural study of the epidermis basal layer, the proportion of
      melanocytes in the two most severe cases was slightly higher than in the normal
      skin of 6 control subjects. Langerhans cells could not be acertained. The more
      severe was the disease the greater was the tendency for a lower proportion of
      keratinocytes containing melanin. There is a  certain parallelism between the
      skin color modifications the biochemical examinations (blood level of
      phenylalanin and tyrosine) and the ultrastructural changes. The higher the blood
      level of phenlalanine and/or the more pronounced the disorders of skin color, the
      more evident would be the ultrastructural changes: higher proportion of
      melanocytes that usually do not produce the melanosomes, and lower percentage of
      keratinocytes with melanin. On the other hand, the ultrastructure of the basal
      layer would suggest the seriousness of clinical manifestations and/or the
      intesity of the metabolic error.

PMID- 677687
TI  - [Rare intracytoplasmic membranous structures of some dermatoses (author's
      transl].
AB  - Rare intracytoplasmic membranous structures were observed in keratinocytes,
      histiocytes, Langerhans cells and in metastatic cells of several dermatoses. The
      morphological study is not conclusive of their functional activity. They seem
      related to the cellular activity, and with no diagnostic value.

PMID- 677688
TI  - [Rudiger (E. E. C.) syndrome: report of a case associated with atopic dermatitis
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The syndrome of ectrodactyly, ectodermal dysplasia and cleft lip-palate is
      described in a boy aged 3; although inherited in most cases as an autosomal
      dominant trait, it seems here to be sporadic. An atopic dermatitis clinically
      evident and particularly resistant to treatment is present, but IgE level is not
      raised. Ophthalmologic changes are prominent. Systematic intravenous pyelogram
      showed urinary tract strictures.

PMID- 677689
TI  - [Disseminated granuloma annulare in a child].

PMID- 677690
TI  - [Surgical treatment of hypochromic macules in pheochromocytoma].

PMID- 677691
TI  - [Back localization of Hailey-Hailey familial benign pemphigus].

PMID- 677692
TI  - [Auto-involutive congenital reticulosis (Hashimoto-Pritzker type)].

PMID- 677693
TI  - [Frey's syndrome].

PMID- 677694
TI  - [Penile leiomyosarcoma. Ultrastructural study (author's transl)].
AB  - A case of leiomyosarcoma of the penis in a farmer aged 70 is described. The
      patient was treated by excision/biopsy, and six months later three little tumors
      recurred on the glans and prepuce. A wide local excision and direct suture was
      carried out. No troubles happened in the next eight months. The ultrastructural
      study confirmed the histogenesis showing: polymorphic cells, as well as clear and
      dark ones, reduction of intracytoplasmic myofilaments, anisocytosis and
      poikilokaryosis and wide infoldings of the nuclear membrane; very vascularized
      areas with confluent vesicles on the endothelial cells; and intersticial
      haemorrhages. This tumor is included among the superficial leiomyosarcomas of
      "low malignancy" of McKenzie Pratt et Ross, for which simple excision that avoid
      mutilations is suitable. Differential histologic diagnosis includes epithelioid
      sarcoma of Enzinger. Leiomyosarcoma of the penis is a very rare malinant tumor.
      Only 15 cases have been described in the literature. A further case is reported
      and the previous cases are reviewed.

PMID- 677695
TI  - [Treatment of mycosis fungoides by PUVAtherapy. Report on 18 cases (author's
      transl)].
AB  - A group of 18 patients with mycosis fungoides (M.F.) was treated by PUVAtherapy.
      According to VanScott classification, they have been set in:--5 parapsoriasis in
      large plaques = 5 stages I;--6 stages II;--3 stages III;--2 stages IV;--1Sezary
      syndrom.--1 erythrodermia. There was complete clearing of 12 patients (66 p.
      100); 2 patients (11 p. 100) improved cutaneous lesions without a complete
      clearing, and there was no response to treatment for 3 patients (22 p. 100) (1
      with erythrodermia, 1 with Sezary syndrom and 1 stage IV, and 1 forsaking). The
      method applied here was different in several points: orally administered
      methoxalen were given according to the body area (mg/m2) and some of the patients
      had twice a day puvatherapy. Puvatherapy seems to be the least dangerous and most
      effective treatment for the patients in the early stages of mycosis fongoides (I,
      II) and nitrogen mustard, electron therapy, corticoids and even mono- or
      polychimiotherapy could be associated to puvatherapy, if necessary, for the
      stages III and IV.

PMID- 677696
TI  - [Systemic evolutive angiomatosis of the lower limb. Correction by surgical
      ligature of underlying arteriovenous fistulae].

PMID- 677697
TI  - [Gammel's erythema gyratum repens and acquired ichthyosis associated with
      esophageal carcinoma].

PMID- 677698
TI  - [Polydysplastic incontinentia pigmenti: report of two cases].

PMID- 677699
TI  - [Derier-Ferrand dermatofibrosarcoma of the penis].

PMID- 677700
TI  - [Voluminous Darier-Ferrand dermatofibrosarcoma].

PMID- 677701
TI  - [Benign cutaneous mastocytosis (urticaria pigmentosa) in a child. Profuse
      bullosis after ingestion of a codeine syrum].

PMID- 677702
TI  - [Ano-genital vacinia].

PMID- 677703
TI  - [Palmar erythema and Hodgkin's disease].

PMID- 677704
TI  - [Preliminary results on a microsporidosis of Atherina boyeri Risso, 1810, from
      the Languedoc lagoons (author's transl)].
AB  - A most likely new microsporidia parasites Atherina boyeri Risso, 1810 and is
      found from the lagoons south of Montpellier to the Berre lagoon. This Protist
      establishes itself in the wall of the digestive tract, it forms numerous cysts,
      as well as in the general cavity of the fish were it evolves into voluminous
      xenoma (sometimes reatching centimeter in diameter) which present particular
      histological characteristics. This preliminary report extends from September 1976
      to March 1977. The histological, epidemiological and statistical aspects are
      discussed. Experimental, biochemical and ultrastructural studies are under way.

PMID- 677705
TI  - [Ecology of the Ceratopogonids of the Alsace plain. I. The genus Culicoides from
      the humid soils of the Ried (author's transl)].
AB  - The Ried of Alsace, a humid landscape of plain, is presented on the
      gemorophological, pedological and botanical point of view. Fourteen species of
      Culicoides are studied following numeric importance, topographic distribution,
      biotop, density per soil surface unit, and specific assoications. C. clastrieri,
      odibilis, cubitalis, pictipennis and musilator represent 98% of all. Three
      halophilic species, C. riethi, circumscriptus and salinarius are good indicators
      of salt pollution of the river Ill.

PMID- 677706
TI  - [The oncomiracidium of Tetraonchus monenteron (Wagener 1857) Diesing 1858
      (Monogenea, Tetraonchidae), parasite of Esox lusius L. (Teleosteen)].

PMID- 677707
TI  - [Experimental observations on the specificity of Schistosoma mansoni cercariae
      for their mammal hosts].

PMID- 677708
TI  - [Seroepidemiological survey on toxoplasmosis in Guadeloupe and Martinique
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The examination of 9,950 serums in Guadeloupe and Martinique has revealed the
      importance and the precocity of infestation by Toxoplasma: 56,9% of the
      population has complement fixing antibodies, 65,6% haemagglutinating antibodies
      and from the very first age groups onwards, nearly half the population is found
      to be infested. Although the consumption of insufficiently cooked meat is most
      frequently invoked, it would seem that this manner of contamination should not be
      incriminated in Guadeloupe and Martinique where the population traditionally
      lives on fish and well-cooked meat. Moreover, the great variability in the rates
      of infestation observed in the different localities studied leads one to envisage
      the invtervention of  climatic factors favoring the survival of the oocysts born
      of the sexed multipilication of the parasite in the external environment.

PMID- 677709
TI  - [Ecology of leishmaniasis in southern France. 9. Sampling methods in the study
      and analysis of canine enzootic leishmaniasis].
AB  - An account is given of the fundamental methods used on an investigation of the
      canine enzootic of leshmaniasis in the Cevennes. The objective was to determine
      the relationship between the prevalence of infection on dogs and the density of
      the sandfly vector. The basis of the work  was a phyto-ecological map of the two
      parameters. The results are of epidemiological interest as a logical approach
      which enable comparisons to be made between ecologically homogeneous sectors or
      strata. In each stratum the methods were carried out in two steps: the rural
      parishes were designated as statistical units, and were then examined for
      clusters composed of the dogs of each parish. Strata of small size were more
      exhaustively examined than the largest. The clustering techniques clearly
      revealed a heterogeneity in the distribution of canine leishmaniasis and villages
      in which non infections were found, were next to others where dogs were infected.
      The development of the enzootic was seen to be by an increase in the number of
      microfoci, rather than by a spread of the existing foxi. Finally the methods
      revealed a gradient in the morbidity of dogs from the cost to the highest points
      of the mountainrange. This gradient was strongly linked to the distribution and
      density of the vector, Phlebotomus ariasi.

PMID- 677710
TI  - [Invalidation of the genus Austromicrophallus Szidat. 1964 (Trematoda:
      Microphallidae) (author's transl)].
AB  - From the study of generotype, the genus Austromicrophallus is considered as a
      synonym of the genus Levinseniella Stiles and Hassal, 1901. The species L.
      (Monarrhenos) anenteron (Szidat, 1964) nov. comb. is fully described. It has four
      atrial male pokets and a destitute digestive tract.

PMID- 677711
TI  - [About the original materials of Cotylurus platycephalus and Cotylurus variegatus
      (Creplin, 1952) (Trematoda : Strigeidae) (author's transl)].
AB  - The examination of the original materials proves that Cotylurus variegatus
      (Creplin, 1825) is synonymous with C. platycephalus (Creplin 1825), the better
      known of the two. Their relative priority is determined by our action as first
      reviser (I.C.Z.N., art. 24) Cotylurus cumulitestis Dubois, 1962 is considered to
      be a young adult of C. platycephalus.

PMID- 677712
TI  - [The behaviour of Lymnaea (Galba) truncatula Muler non- or infested ny Fasciola
      hepatica L. in the presence of predators (author's transl)].
AB  - Experimental study of behavior of Lymnaea truncatula in the presence of
      terrestrial or aquatic predators. The presence of predators disturbes the daily
      rhythm connected with amphibious conditions of non-infested snails. In half
      immersed habitats, Zonitoides nitidus, terrestrial predator, produces a
      progressive immersion of surviving snails; but the latter run away to dry zones
      in drying habitats or with aquatic predators. The infested snails (phasis E 1)
      present the same reactions of behaviour in presence of predators, but the
      reactions are more limited.

PMID- 677713
TI  - [Demonstration of life cycle with four obligatory hosts of the Hemiurid
      Trematodes].
AB  - Research on the transmission of Hemiurid Trematode Halipegus ovocaudatus in
      experimental and natural conditions demonstrates the following: --the miracidium
      grows into a sporocyst producing rediae in the Mollusc Planorbis planorbis; --
      the cystophorous cercariae become mesocercariae in the hemocoele of Copepodes or
      finally Ostracodes when swallowed; -- the mesocercariae become matacercariae in
      the mesenteron of larval Odonates (Zygoptera and Anisoptera) when these larvae
      swallow the Crustacea; -- the metacercariae become become adults in the Amphibial
      Rana ridibundal perezi which feeds on dragonflies. The four hosts (Mollusc --
      Crustacean -- Odonat -- Amphibian) are obligatory in the life cycle for it is
      impossible to infect the Insects directly with the cecariae or the frog (tadpoles
      as well as adults) with the mesocercariae. The different stages of the life cycle
      of H. oveocaudatus aredescribed and the mode of the transmission is compared with
      the other species of Halipegus and with the Trematodes in general. The adaptative
      value of the lengthening of the cycle is discussed from the point of view of the
      conquest of terrestrial hosts by the Hemiurid Trematodes.

PMID- 677714
TI  - [On two filariae from Ungulates, in Malaysia (author's transl].
AB  - Redescription of the female of Setaria thomasi Sandosham, 1954, parasite of Sus
      scrofa jubatus; description of the female of Papillosetaria malayi n.sp. from
      Tragulus javanicus. The study of the buccal region of Papillosteria leads the
      authors to consider this genus as an ancestral form of Setaria.

PMID- 677715
TI  - [On the ultrastructure of the cysticercoid of Hymenolepis stylosa (Cestoda:
      Cyclophyllidea) (author's transl)].
AB  - Electron microscopy of the tegument of H. stylosa cysticercoid as compared with
      that of H. diminuta reveals great variations in the fine structure of the larval
      tegument of these two species. On the scolex and the inner cyst wall, the
      tegument of H. stylosa cysticercoid bears typical microtriches; at the level of
      the anterior pore, the microtriches are flexuous. The tegument of the outer cyst
      wall appears as a syncytial band with dense material which accumulates in the
      region below the unit membrane, and the tegument of the cercomer is increased by
      branchied microvillies. While, the scolex of H. diminuta cysticercoid is unarmed
      and the tegument of the outer cyst wall bears branched microvillies. The data
      permit the conclusion that the differentiation of tegumental structures is
      graduated from the scolex to the cercomer. This differenciation is more or less
      important according to the parasite and results of successive inductions which
      affect parts of the cysticercoid. The significance of these findings is discussed
      in terms of the possible function of these structures and the penetration of
      substances.

PMID- 677716
TI  - [Development of cysticercoid larva of Hymenolepis nana var. fraterna in Tenebrio
      molitor and Leucophaea maderae haemoceles (author's transl)].
AB  - When embryos of Hymenolepis nana var. fraterna are injected abdominally, they are
      able to reach the cysticercoid stage in the haemocele of Leucophaea maderae which
      naturally resist to infection by ingestion of the eggs. The haemocytic defence
      reaction of the cockroach and the structure of the surface of larvae are examined
      and compared with development in a natural host Tenebrio molitor.

PMID- 677717
TI  - The genus Clelandia Johnston, 1909 and its affinities with Parvitaenia and
      Neogryporhynchus (Cestoda, Dilepididae).
AB  - The diagnosis of Clelandia has been amended. The validity of the genus and its
      closeness to Parvitaenia and Neogryporhynchus are discussed. On the basis of its
      morphology and of the specificity of the dilepidid cestodes within the order
      Ciconiiformes, one many admit that its host belongs to the suborder Ardeae, and
      that the original doubtful diagnosis of the host was wrong. Clelandia seems to
      confirm that the genus Parvitaenia is a nucleus of evolutionary radiation among
      cestodes of the Ciconiiformes, with peculiar traits in the Australian region, and
      that it isn't a homogeneous unit.

PMID- 677718
TI  - [Hymenolepis nana var. fraterna (Cestoda: Hymenolepididae) in Leucophaea maderae
      (Dictyoptera: Blattidae): the host-parasite conflict after experimental
      inhibition of haemocytic reaction (author's transl)].
AB  - Development of non-encapsulated cysticercoids of Hymenolepis nana var. fraterna,
      in the haemocoele of Leucophaea maderae occured after the inhibition of the
      haemocytic reaction by irradiation or injection of a soluble antigen of
      Hymenolepis nana. Fine structure of the tegument of free larvae is observed and
      the mechanism of a possible defence of the parasite by the microvillar coat,
      discussed.

PMID- 677719
TI  - [Ecological research work about Trematodes life-cycles in a Provencal lagoon
      (France). II. The cycle of Maritrema misenensis (A. Palombi, 1940)
      (Microphallidae Travassos, 1920)].
AB  - The authors point out the ecological conditions required for the life-cycle
      development of Maritrema misenensis (A. Palombi, 1940). This Microphallid
      parasite occurs in waveless lagoons as well as along the waved marine coast. The
      first and second intermediate hosts found in these two habitats are not alike.
      Along the calm edges of the lagoon edges Cerithium mediterraneum (first host) and
      Orchestia mediterranea (second host) are found whereas along the rocky sea-coast
      C. rupestre (first host) and O. montagui (second host) are to be seen. The first
      intermediate hosts are heavily infected along the margin of the lagoon; the
      parasitism is decreasing gradually as we go away the edge. The infection of the
      second host depends on the behaviour both of Orchestia and cercariae. Numerous
      cercariae accumulate against along the very edge of the lagoon, exactly where
      Orchestia enter the sea-water. The Orchestia parasitism varies as you go along
      the coast and according to the seasons; it is also different whether you are
      dealing with males or females.

PMID- 677720
TI  - [Research on the life-cycle of Metahaematoloechus exoterorchis (Rees, 1964)
      (Digenea) parasite of lungs of the frog Dicroglossus occipitalis (Gunther, 1858)
      in Togoland (author's transl)].
AB  - The sporocysts and xiphidiocercariae of Metahaematoloechus exoterorchis evolve in
      the Planorbid Segmentorbis kanisaensis (Preston); experiment shows that Gyraulus
      chudeaui (Germain) and Bulinus forskalii (Erhenberg) are possible vectors.
      Cercariae encyst in larvae of several Dragonflies. M. exoterorchis adult, is
      usually harboured by Dicroglossus occipitalis, but experimentally develops in the
      frog Contraua derooi Hulselmans, 1971.

PMID- 677721
TI  - [Arguments and proposals for a new developmental interpretation of Fasciola
      hepatica L. in Lymnaea (Galba) truncatula Muller (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors study the influence of several factors: temperature, drying up of
      ground, bodily volume of intermediary host on development of the redial
      generations of Fasciola hepatica in Lymnaea truncatula. Three redial generations
      are seen in Lymnaea truncatula, whatever environmental factors. The number of
      rediae of generations 2 and 3 is correlated with bodily volume of the snail host.
      The temperature affects synchronism of cercarial maturation in rediae of
      generations 1 and 2.

PMID- 677722
TI  - [Long-term results of biological control by predation. Experimental study of
      population development of several species of snails (author's transl)].
AB  - The evolution of malacological fauna, which is subject to prediation of Zonitidae
      snails, is studied on two types of habitats of Lymnaea truncatula: swampy meadows
      and banks of river maintained by a periodical grass-mowing. Two years are
      necessary for obtaining an entire elimination of Lymnaea truncatula. Then other
      species of Lymanaeidae and Succinea are affected by predation, but Succinea
      snails do not pass away completely. The other snails are not affected or little
      by predation.

PMID- 677723
TI  - [An ecological approach to the problem of the responsibility of men and rats in
      the workings of a transmission site of Schistosoma mansoni in Guadeloupe (Western
      Indies) (author's transl)].
AB  - The study of the rate of contamination of B. glabrata and the cercarial densities
      of S. mansoni in the chanels of Beaugendre valley (Guadeloupe, French West
      Indies) concentrates attention on the focalisation of the sites with high risk of
      contamination. This focalization of the sites of transmission is directly related
      to the regular deposition of human faeces. A small number of contamined people is
      enough to maintain high cercarial densities (230 c/1). In the chanel studied, the
      role of the rat in the transmission of the parasite seems less important than
      that of the Man. The infection of the rats during consumption of snails can be
      foreseen.

PMID- 677724
TI  - [Dynamics of populations in an urban and underground resting place of Culex
      pipiens L. (Diptera, Culicidae) (author's transl)].
AB  - An urban and underground resting place of Culex pipiens has been examinated
      during one year. Many females (28% in September, 70% in January) do not find
      sexual partners. The cause is a mixing of autogenous and anautogenous forms in
      the place even if it seems perfectly closed.

PMID- 677725
TI  - Eimeria gundii n. sp. (Protozoa: Eimeriidae) from Tunisian gundi (Ctenodactylus
      gundi).

PMID- 677726
TI  - [Hemolytic action of asbestos].

PMID- 677727
TI  - [Ionic etching of erythrocytes by means of a cathodic evaporator. I. Effect of
      various parameters].

PMID- 677728
TI  - [Interactions between phytohemagglutinins from Vicia orobus DC seeds and human
      serum glycoproteins].

PMID- 677729
TI  - [Demethylation of dimethoxy-2,4-benzoic acid derivatives. Structural study by 1H
      and 13C NMR].

PMID- 677730
TI  - [Syntheses in the indole series. VI. Condensation of acrolein with 1-acetonyl
      tetrahydro-beta-carboline].

PMID- 677731
TI  - [Antiinflammatory and analgesic properties of several enolates derived from acyl
      butenolides].

PMID- 677732
TI  - [Reaction of hydrazines with benzoylacrylic acid].

PMID- 677733
TI  - [The anticholinesterase properties of pseudo-akuammigine, an alkaloid of
      Picralima nitida Stapf (Apocynaceoa)].

PMID- 677734
TI  - [Separation and analysis of belladonna leaf alkaloids in acid medium].

PMID- 677735
TI  - Ghost cone shaped epiphyses in a new type of peripheral acromelic metaphyseal
      chondrodysplasia.

PMID- 677736
TI  - Radiological aspect of chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis.

PMID- 677737
TI  - Esophageal manometry - a problem oriented method in paediatric radiology.

PMID- 677738
TI  - Roentgenographic aspects of intrinsic duodenal obstruction.

PMID- 677739
TI  - The small bowel enema. An improved method of examination and its indications in
      children.

PMID- 677740
TI  - Percutaneous transhepatic fine needle cholangiography in jaundiced infants.

PMID- 677741
TI  - Preduodenal portal vein: venography, ultrasonography, and review of the
      literature.

PMID- 677742
TI  - Mesenteric and omental cysts in children. Report of eight cases and review of the
      literature.

PMID- 677743
TI  - Pancreatic pseudo-cyst in children: echographic and angiographic demonstration.

PMID- 677744
TI  - Fistule porto-cave congenitale.

PMID- 677745
TI  - Radiological analysis of inhaled meconium.

PMID- 677746
TI  - Pulmonary nodular "pneumonia" during the acute atypical measles illness.

PMID- 677747
TI  - Posterior perineal hernias in the newborn.

PMID- 677748
TI  - Stenosing ureteritis during Henoch-Schonlein purpura in children.

PMID- 677749
TI  - Patterns of ultrasonic abnormality in the renal parenchyma in childhood.

PMID- 677750
TI  - Candidiasis of the urinary tract in infancy and early childhood. A report of
      three cases.

PMID- 677751
TI  - Correlations between radiological and endoscopic findings in reflux nephropathy.

PMID- 677752
TI  - POPR as seen by a pediatrician.

PMID- 677753
TI  - POPR: the surgical view.

PMID- 677754
TI  - POPR as seen by a pediatric radiologist.

PMID- 677755
TI  - Problem oriented pediatric radiology. Conclusion.

PMID- 677756
TI  - Two cases of osteopathia striata, deafness and cranial osteopetrosis.

PMID- 677757
TI  - Homocystinuria. The evolution of skeletal changes in relation to treatment.

PMID- 677758
TI  - [Plea in defense of local anesthesia].

PMID- 677759
TI  - [Oesophagoplasty with the transverse colon by retrosternal route. Results and
      comments (author's transl)].

PMID- 677760
TI  - [Treatment of peptic stenosis of the oesophagus by plicature of the fundus, in
      the thorax with dilatation of the stenosis during operation. Report of 14 cases
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 677761
TI  - [Interest of choledoscopy during exploration of the common bile duct for
      lithiasis (author's transl)].

PMID- 677762
TI  - [Radical surgery of adenocarcinomas of the junction of the right and left hepatic
      bile ducts (author's transl)].

PMID- 677763
TI  - [Arterio-venous fistulas with transposition of the superficial cubital vein
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 677764
TI  - [Abdominal intercostal hernia. Report of four cases (author's transl)].

PMID- 677765
TI  - [The functional sequelae of 280 Pean type gastrectomies for chronic gastric ulcer
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 677766
TI  - [The failures of surgery in peptic ulcer. Report of 62 reoperations (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 677767
TI  - [The vascular problems raised by protrusion of a total prothesis of the hip
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 677768
TI  - [Risk factors in aorto-iliac surgery (author's transl)].

PMID- 677769
TI  - [Postoperative medical jaundice (author's transl)].

PMID- 677770
TI  - [Interest of the preoperative reflux test during anti-reflux procedures (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 677771
TI  - [Aspiration and lavage of the peritoneum with Palmer's needle in non-traumatic
      abdominal syndromes. Report of 100 cases (author's transl)].

PMID- 677773
TI  - [Nontraumatic perforations of the small intestine: synthesis].

PMID- 677772
TI  - [Perforation of the caecum. Complication of acute idiopathic dilatation of the
      colon (Ogilvie's syndrome). Practical interest of a few pathogenic data. Report
      of one case (author's transl)].

PMID- 677774
TI  - Outcome in papillary carcinoma of the thyroid.
AB  - During a five-year period, 1958--62, 97 cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma had
      been diagnosed in Finland. Twenty two of these patients died from this cancer
      during a follow-up of 13--18 years. Five of them had initially had distant
      metastases. Of the remainder seven had had no thyroid operation or only a biopsy,
      nine an operable tumour that invaded through the thyroid capsule (extrathyroid)
      and only one a primary tumour confined to the thyroid (intrathyroid). The
      mortality rates were: 83% for patients with distant metastases, 47% for patients
      with no thyroid operation, 28% for patients with extrathyroid tumours, and 4% for
      patients with intrathyroid tumours. Death from an intrathyroid or occult
      papillary carcinoma that does not show initial distant metastases seems to be
      exceptional, also if the thyroid operation has been unilateral.

PMID- 677775
TI  - Blunt hepatic injury.
AB  - Fifty-six cases with blunt hepatic injuries occurred in 255 laparotomies on
      patients with multiple injuries. Pre-operatively, one-half of the patients were
      in profound shock. In these cases hepatic bleeding was often accompanied by
      bleeding in other sites, usually from a ruptured spleen or into a retroperitoneal
      haematoma. Diagnosis was aided by laparocentesis and peritoneal lavage. In 3
      cases the diagnosis was delayed for 8--12 hours. The lacerations were sutured in
      43 cases, a local resection  was made in 10 cases and a lobar resection in 3
      cases. Manual compression of the liver was the best way of achieving temporary
      haemostasis. In cases where haemodynamic stability was not achieved post
      operatively, immediate re-operation to attain haemostasis was definitely
      advantageous. The mortality from multiple blunt injuries was high (17%) but
      especially so in cases with hepatic injury (41%). Liver injuries after blunt
      trauma can often be managed by suturing, and hepatic resection in seldom
      necessary.

PMID- 677776
TI  - Clinical experience with surgical treatment of chronic intestinal ischaemia.
AB  - Fourteen patients suffering from abdominal angina have been operated on with
      different revascularization techniques. Preoperatively all of them had classical
      symptoms: postprandial pain and all except two had remarkable weight loss. There
      were six patients with isolated coeliac axis stenosis and in eight cases there
      were two or three diseased vessels. Liberation and reconstruction of the coeliac
      axis were carried out in six cases. Aorto-hepatic by pass graft was performed in
      three patients. Reinsertion of SMA was done in four and reinsertion of IMA in one
      case. Reconstruction of SMA with a by pass graft was carried out also in one
      case. There was no operative mortality. One of the patients died five weeks
      postoperatively at home from myocardial infarction. Another patient operated on
      in 1965 died seven years later at the age of 78 from myocardial infarction. He
      had had no further symptoms of abdominal angina postoperatively. The remaining 12
      patients were relieved of their symptoms after the operation. They have been
      followed up for a mean of 5.5 years. The good long term results of arterial
      reconstructions in contrast to the poor prognosis without operation, favours
      early operation. The importance of early diagnosis and the importance of early
      operative treatment are emphasized.

PMID- 677777
TI  - Cardiac disturbances after pneumonectomy--the value of prophylactic
      digitalization.
AB  - The incidence of postoperative cardiac disturbances and the value of prophylactic
      digitalization were studied retrospectively in 143 patients undergoing
      pneumonectomy for carcinoma of the lung. Cardiac arrhythmias occurred in 29% and
      tachycardia episodes in 30% of the patients. The incidence of myocardial
      infarction was 2%. Operative mortality was 4%. The cardiac disturbances developed
      more often after left than after right pneumonectomy. The age of the patients, a
      history of angina pectoris or hypertension did not markedly increase the
      incidence of cardiac disturbances, neither did operative factors, such as
      pericardiotomy, left atrial resection, major bleeding nor postoperative empyema.
      Prophylactic digitalization significantly reduced postoperative cardiac
      disorders, their frequency being 33% in the group of patients who received
      prophylactic digitalis compared with 65% in the group that did not.

PMID- 677779
TI  - [False primary bone and cartilage tumours of the thoracic wall (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 677778
TI  - [Clinical and radiological findings in primary bone and cartilage tumours of the
      thoracic wall (author's transl)].

PMID- 677780
TI  - [Problems raised by tumours of the rib in children (author's transl)].

PMID- 677781
TI  - [Indication and problems of radiotherapy of primary bone and cartilage tumours of
      the thoracic wall (author's transl)].

PMID- 677782
TI  - [Primary osteo-cartilaginous tumors of the thoracic wall. Conclusions].

PMID- 677783
TI  - [Primary osteo-cartilaginous tumors of the thoracic wall. Bibliography].

PMID- 677784
TI  - [Surgery of oesophageal carcinoma close to Killian's opening (author's transl)].

PMID- 677785
TI  - [Radiotherapy and surgery of squamous cell carcinoma of the middle third of the
      oesophagus (author's transl)].

PMID- 677786
TI  - [Automatic control of surgical aspiration in cardiac surgery (author's transl)].

PMID- 677787
TI  - [Comparative study of extracorporeal circulation in adults including or not a
      system of filtration on the tubes of recovery (author's transl)].

PMID- 677788
TI  - [A new trocar for puncture of hydatid cysts].

PMID- 677789
TI  - [A case of operated intercostal pulmonary hernia (author's transl)].

PMID- 677790
TI  - [Evaluation of coronary flush during myocardial protection : two hours aortic
      clamping in the dog. Early and late results (author's transl)].

PMID- 677791
TI  - Automated calculation of radioimmunoassay results. Report of a meeting held at
      the Clinical Research Centre, Northwick Park Hospital, Harrow, Middlesex, on 13
      December 1977.

PMID- 677792
TI  - A scheme for the evaluation of diagnostic kits.

PMID- 677793
TI  - Noradrenaline to adrenaline ratio in amniotic fluid as an index of fetal
      maturity.
AB  - Amniotic fluid lecithin to sphingomyelin ratio (L/S) and adrenaline
      concentration, noradrenaline concentration, and noradrenaline to adrenaline ratio
      (NA/A) were measured in 50 normal women late in pregnancy. Between gestation
      weeks 37 and 43 the maturity-linked increase in L/S ratio was accompanied by
      similar increases in NA/A ratio and noradrenaline but by decreases in adrenaline
      concentration. Although the amniotic fluid NA/A ratio reflects fetal sympathetic
      nervous system development rather than pulmonary development as mirrored by the
      L/S ratio, a high correlation existed between log NA/A and L/S, indicating that
      the NA/A ratio could provide a further index of fetal maturity.

PMID- 677794
TI  - Assay of tissue free cystine: application to the diagnosis of cystinosis.
AB  - A fast method for the determination of tissue free cystine is shown. Its
      usefulness for free cystine assays in leucocytes and muscle biopsies is
      discussed. The use of muscle biopsy as a means of diagnosis is proposed.

PMID- 677795
TI  - Radioimmunoassay of gastric inhibitory polypeptide.
AB  - A radioimmunoassay for the measurement of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) in
      unextracted plasma in man has been developed using a rabbit antiserum raised
      against porcine GIP. Porcine GIP was employed also as standard and to produce a
      125I-labelled tracer. The assay was able to distinguish 110 pg/ml GIP from zero
      in plasma samples. Negligible cross-reactivity was demonstrated with
      cholecystokinin, insulin, pancreatic polypeptide, glucagon, secretin, and
      vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. The mean overnight fasting plasma GIP level in
      28 normal subjects was 203 pg/ml (range: undetectable--420 pg/ml). Plasma GIP
      levels rose, within 45 minutes of eating a mixed meal, to a mean level of 1573
      pg/ml.

PMID- 677796
TI  - A simple and economical method for the radioimmunoassay of cortisol in serum.
AB  - A simple, economical method is described for the radioimmunoassay of cortisol in
      serum. Extraction is avoided by heating the diluted serum to inactivate cortisol
      binding globulin. The radioimmunoassay is carried out in a single disposable
      scintillation vial without centrifugation. Free and bound steroid is separated by
      partition between ammonium sulphate solution and liquid scintillation fluid.
      Accuracy, precision and sensitivity are satisfactory. Normal ranges obtained are
      comparable to those obtained by other radioimmunoassay methods for cortisol.

PMID- 677797
TI  - A simple method for measuring urinary meglumine ioglycamide concentrations.

PMID- 677798
TI  - The influence of heart rate, age, blood pressure, obesity, and work on systolic
      and diastolic time intervals.
AB  - Systolic and diastolic time intervals were measured in 655 men who did not have
      coronary or hypertensive heart disease. The correlation between systolic and
      diastolic intervals (STI) and the heart rate, age, height, weight, weight/height
      index, blood pressure and work heaviness were calculated using multiple stepwise
      regression analysis. There was a significant correlation between heart rate and
      the majority of STI. Also there was a significant influence of systolic and
      diastolic blood pressure and age on the ejection variables (QS2, LVET, S1S2). The
      PEP and ICT were influenced by heart rate, and systolic and diastolic blood
      pressure. The PEP/LVET ratio was dependent on diastolic and systolic blood
      pressure. The height of the A wave of apex cardiogram was significantly dependent
      on diastolic and systolic blood pressure, obesity, heart rate, and age. The IRT
      was dependent on heart rate, obesity, and height. When interpreting systolic time
      intervals one must use systolic time interval indices which are calculated by
      using the effect of heart rate on them, but in some cases the effect of other
      factors must be taken into account because blood pressure, age, and obesity also
      have a significant physiological effect on the STI values.

PMID- 677799
TI  - Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in a surgical unit.
AB  - The value of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in a surgical
      unit was established by analysing 200 consecutive studies. The selective success
      rate was 80%. The groups of indications were jaundice (27%), postcholecystectomy
      pain (22%), recurrent acute pancreatitis (19%), complicated attack of acute
      pancreatitis (14%), and other (18%). A normal ERC was found and operation thus
      avoided in 26% of cases with persistent jaundice. In patients with
      postcholecystectomy pain pathological findings were found in 50% and half of them
      were operated upon. In pancreatitis demonstration of the pancreatic ducts and
      grading of the disease facilitated selection of the treatment and enabled
      preoperative planning of the surgical procedure. The pancreas was resected in 13
      of 59 cases with diagnostic ERP. In pancreatic carcinoma ERCP led directly to
      diagnosis, but only two (ampullary carcinomas) out of ten were operable. The
      overall complication rate was 4%, including one case of fatal haemorrhagic
      pancreatitis.

PMID- 677800
TI  - A method for estimating bias introduced into epidemiological investigations by
      those who refuse to participate.
AB  - Several methods have been suggested for estimating the error introduced into
      epidemiological investigations by potential participants who decline
      participation. As these could not be applied to our present epidemiological case
      control breast cancer study, a new and simple method was developed based on
      information gathered from those controls who participated only relunctantly. A
      formula is given for calculating an adjusted mean for the sample and
      corresponding p-value. Our own data were used to illustrate the method. The
      calculations then indicated that those who declined participation were slightly
      selected in some aspects, but not to such a degree as to obscure or cause any
      significant differences between patient and control groups.

PMID- 677801
TI  - Inherited systemic amyloidosis (Finnish type): ultrastructure of the skin.
AB  - Ultrastructural study of skin biopsies from two patients suffering from inherited
      systemic amyloidosis (Finnish type) showed amyloid deposits between epidermal
      basal cells and dermal fibroblasts. Amyloid was seen on the epithelial side of
      the fibroblasts, and material resembling basal laminae was embedded in the
      aggregates of amyloid. Also amyloid deposits were found adjacent to other cells
      with a basal lamina such as epithelial cells of the sweat glands or sebaceous
      glands, Schwann cells, capillary endothelial cells, and even smooth muscle cells
      in the dermis. Amyloidogenetic interaction of cells with a basal lamina and
      fibroblasts is suggested and the potential role of structural glycoproteins in
      the genesis of amyloid is discussed.

PMID- 677802
TI  - Calcification in cervical arteries in life and at autopsy.
AB  - In the clinical part of the study routine neck PA radiographs taken with the
      mouth open were compared with soft tissue films with the mouth closed for
      detection of calcification in the carotid arteries. Only 5.5% of 90 hospitalized
      patients showed foci of calcification in routine films. But foci of calcification
      were seen in 22% of the soft tissue radiographs of the whole series. In the
      autopsy part of the study large foci of calcification were found at the carotid
      bifurcations in 12 out of 20 cadavers by radiography. In an additional five cases
      contact radiographs also showed smaller foci of calcification. The vascular
      endothelium over the calcification was often ulcerated. The significance of the
      large arterial foci of calcification demonstrated in the neck radiographs as a
      sign of atherosclerosis and as a source of cerebral thromboembolism is discussed.

PMID- 677803
TI  - Malignant histiocytosis. A clinical and morphological study of four cases.
AB  - Four patients with malignant histiocytosis are described. Major clinical signs
      were fever, lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. Laboratory studies
      showed leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, low leukocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP)
      score, normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and elevated serum
      triglycerides. There was evidence of bone marrow involvement in all four cases.
      Typical changes were seen in the histological study.

PMID- 677804
TI  - Oil myelography in cervical spondylosis.
AB  - Oil myelograms were performed on 62 patients with cervical spondylosis and signs
      of cervical root compression; 185 abnormal roots were seen. A filling defect of
      greater than or equal to 50% of the thickness of the lateral oil column usually
      coincided with clinical symptoms from the same root (42/52); 23 such patients
      were operated on, and 18 had their symptoms relieved. Of 133 roots with less
      severe abnormalities, only 53 were presumed to be the cause of the clinical
      symptoms or signs; 16 such patients were operated on, and 7 of them benefited
      from the operation.

PMID- 677805
TI  - Human Yersinia enterocolitica infections.

PMID- 677806
TI  - Chronic respiratory disease in rural men. An epidemiological survey at
      Hankasalmi, Finland.
AB  - To discover the prevalence of chronic respiratory disease and the various factors
      associated with it, 1162 men (85% of the defined population) aged 25 to 69 years
      were surveyed using a questionnaire, chest radiograph and spirometry. 112 men
      with pulmonary tuberculosis or "other respiratory disease" were excluded from the
      analysis. Excluding the youngest age group (25 to 39 years), the smokers were
      thinner than the non-smokers. The percentages of overweight men among the non
      smokers, ex-smokers and smokers were 22%, 27% and 14%, respectively (P less than
      0.001). Almost all respiratory symptoms were more common in the smokers than in
      the non-smokers, and the prevalence of cough, phlegm, severe breathlessness and
      the effect of weather on respiratory symptoms significantly increased with age.
      Asthma was not associated with age or smoking, nor was socioeconomic status
      associated with chronic respiratory disease. The ventilatory function, measured
      by FEV1, FVC and FEV%, was worse in the smokers than in the non-smokers. In
      addition the slope of FEV% on age was significantly steeper in the ex-smokers and
      the various groups of smokers than in the non-smokers.

PMID- 677807
TI  - Chronic respiratory disease in rural women. An epidemiological survey at
      Hankasalmi, Finland.
AB  - To discover the prevalence of chronic respiratory disease and its association
      with various factors, 1217 women (84% of the defined population) aged 25 to 69
      years were surveyed using a questionnaire, chest radiograph and spirometry. 71
      women with pulmonary tuberculosis or "other respiratory disease" were excluded
      from the analysis. At all ages the smokers were thinner than the non-smokers. The
      percentages of overweight women among the non-smokers, ex-smokers and smokers
      were 50%, 42% and 19%, respectively (P less than 0.001). Nasal catarrh was
      significantly more common in the smokers than in the non-smokers but for other
      symptoms no definite association with smoking was found. Breathlessness, wheezing
      and the effect of weather were significantly more common at older ages.
      Socioeconomic status did not seem to influence the occurrence of chronic
      respiratory disease. No significant effect of smoking on FEV1, FVC or FEV1 % was
      found.

PMID- 677808
TI  - The normal magnetocardiogram: I Morphology.
AB  - This paper presents a morphological study of the real-time magnetocardiogram
      (MCG) of normal subjects. The MCGs were obtained using a gradiometric measurement
      technique, and the magnetic field component perpendicular to the frontal plane (z
      compenent) was studied. Forty-one healthy men and women were mapped from 51
      positions on the chest, and the statistics of the waveforms of the MCG were
      computed. In 21 of the subjects both the MCG and the ECG were analyzed. The
      general behaviour of the MCGs is discussed and proposals for the standardization
      of the measurements are made.

PMID- 677809
TI  - An immunochemical study of the combining sites of the second lectin isolated from
      Bandeiraea simplicifolia (BS II).

PMID- 677810
TI  - Suppressor cell function in multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 677811
TI  - [Specific blast transformation of rabbit spleen cells induced by a bacterial
      polysaccharide and inhibitory effect of peripheral blood lymphocytes (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Following immunization with bacteria (i.e. Salmonella johannesburg), rabbit
      spleen lymphocytes developed a specific blast response when the lymphocytes were
      stimulated with polysaccharide, the haptenic moiety of lipopolysaccharide. A
      clear cut dissociation was noted in the blast response induced by polysaccharide
      compared with those induced by lipopolysaccharide and lipid A. There was no
      correlation between the magnitude of the cellular responses and that of the
      antibody response. Moreover, there was less specificity at the cellular level
      than at the level of antibody secreted by cells. A decrease of 3H-thymidine
      incorporation was often observed after immunization, at the level of peripheral
      blood lymphocytes. An inhibitory effect of these cells was shown on the blast
      response of spleen lymphocytes with polysaccharide. A high blast response to
      Salmonella polysaccharide which could be observed in some non-immunized rabbits
      might be related to a natural sensitization of animals with the same or related
      unknown antigens which could not be recognized by anti-S. johannesburg
      antibodies.

PMID- 677812
TI  - The use of 4,4'-biphenylbisdiazonium fluoroborate as a coupling agent for passive
      haemolysis tests.
AB  - The possibility of use a stable diazonium compound, to replace bisdiazotized
      benzidin (BDB) for conjugating antigens to red blood cells was investigated. Five
      different batches of 4,4'-biphenylbisdiazonium fluoroborate (BDF) were prepared
      and tested in conjugation experiments. The sensitivity to specific lysis of red
      cells coated with different antigens (EG cells) was assayed by both direct and
      indirect passive haemolysis tests. Optimal conditions for the preparation of EG
      cells with different protein antigens were established. With the exception of the
      concentration of the bifunctional reagent, these conditions were similar to those
      previously reported for BDB. The antibody content of different anti-protein sera
      could be determined, with a 10 % error, by using EG cells prepared under optimal
      conditions in indirect passive haemolysis tests. The amount of antibody detected
      by this method varied from 7 to 12 ng N Ab/ml, depending upon the nature of the
      antigen fixed to red cell. The content of BSA in dilute solutions could be
      estimated by the specific inhibition of the indirect passive haemolysis tests.
      Testing different samples of BDF maintained at different conditions showed that
      the compound could be kept at room temperature, during the least four years,
      without appreciable loss of the conjugating properties, provided it was kept in
      the dry state and in the dark.

PMID- 677813
TI  - Nonsurigcal cure of brain abscess: early diagnosis and follow-up with
      computerized tomography.
AB  - Four patients with clinical findings and computerized tomographic brain scan
      evidence of brain suppurative disease were treated and cured with high-dose
      intravenous antibiotics without neurosurgical intervention. More data are
      required before any statement can be made regarding the long-term efficacy of
      nonsurgical versus surgical management of brain abscess.

PMID- 677814
TI  - Diffuse cerebral ischemia in the cat: I. Local blood flow during severe ischemia
      and recirculation.
AB  - The effects of severe cerebral ischemia on postischemic brain perfusion were
      examined in a series of pentobarbital-anesthetized cats. Ischemia of 15 or 30
      minutes' duration was produced by occlusion of both common carotid arteries and
      the basilar artery and was coupled with mild systemic hypotension. A 90-minute
      period of normotensive postischemic recirculation was permitted in some animals.
      In 9 of 10 animals studied at the end of the ischemic insult and not allowed to
      recover, blood flow in the cerebral hemispheres was greatly reduced, with minimal
      flow (0.01 to 0.11 ml gm-1 min-1) persisting only in scattered perisulcal regions
      in 4 animals. Following 15 minutes of ischemia, blood flow was restored uniformly
      during recirculation, though at subnormal levels (31 to 35% of control). In
      contrast, 30 minutes of prior ischemia led to marked heterogeneities of local
      cerebral perfusion during recirculation, with multiple zones of persistent severe
      ischemia. Thus, while recirculation was suboptimal following both 15 and 30
      minutes of ischemia, the 30-minute insult led to focal postischemic perfusion
      abnormalities that were sufficiently severe to make the possibility of functional
      recovery appear unlikely.

PMID- 677815
TI  - Diffuse cerebral ischemia in the cat: II. Regional metabolites during severe
      ischemia and recirculation.
AB  - Metabolite levels were measured in seven brain regions in cats after 15 or 30
      minutes of a severe ischemic insult and after a 90-minute period of recirculation
      following 15 or 30 minutes of ischemia. Brain levels of phosphocreatine were
      depleted after a 15- or 30-minute insult, and lactate levels were extremely high
      at both times. The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content in many brain areas and
      the presence of microregions of low reduced nicotinamine-adenine dinucleotide in
      the brains of the animals that had 15 minutes of ischemia suggested that the
      ischemia, though severe, was not complete. Recirculation following a 15-minute
      insult restored brain levels of ATP and phosphocreatine to 70 to 100% of control
      values in all regions analyzed. In contrast, metabolic recovery from a 30-minute
      insult was regionally heterogeneous. Thus, there was persistent depression of ATP
      and phosphocreatine and elevation of lactate, which was localized in discrete
      cortical foci near the longitudinal midline. The factors governing the
      localization of metabolic failure must have become manifest during the
      recirculation period since the ischemic insult itself caused similar metabolic
      perturbations in all cortical regions.

PMID- 677816
TI  - Kearns-Sayre syndrome with hypoparathyroidism.
AB  - The history, clinical findings, and postmortem examination of a patient with
      Kearns-Sayre syndrome are presented. In addition to the usuual symptoms, the
      patient also had hypoparathyroidism. There is increasing evidence that the
      syndrome is frequently associated with involvement ofthe endocrine system.
      Central nervous system involvement consists of a spongy encephalopathy.

PMID- 677817
TI  - Differences in reaction times and average evoked potentials as a function of
      direct and indirect neural pathways.
AB  - Average evoked potentials and manula response latencies were collected during a
      simple detection task in which brief visual stimuli were presented to the left
      and right visual fields. Latencies generated by the ipsilateral stimulus-hand
      combinations were shorter than contralateral combinations only under certain
      conditions, impugning the hypothesis that the reaction time difference reflects
      interhemispheric transfer time. Certain evoked potential components recorded
      contralateral to the stimulus occurred earlier than their ipsilateral
      counterparts, but whether this difference can be interpreted as representing
      interhemispheric transfer time is also questioned.

PMID- 677818
TI  - Effects of acetazolamide on myotonia.
AB  - Myotonia can occur in the periodic paralyses, particularly the hyperkalemic form.
      The beneficial response to acetazolamide in hypokalemic and hyperkalemic periodic
      paralysis has led us to study the effect of acetazolamide in 9 patients with
      disorders having myotonia as the major problem, 7 with myotonia congenita and 2
      with paramyotonia congenita. Patients were studied before acetazolamide
      administration with glucose and potassium loading tests. All patients had an
      increase in myotonia with potassium, but no weakness occurred with either test.
      Acetazolamide treatment decreased myotonia in all patients and in 3 proved the
      most satisfactory therapy. Side-effects during acetazolamide therapy included
      paresthesias in 5 patients and renal calculus in 1. Flaccid weakness occurred in
      a patient with paramyotonia congenita. Acetazolamide treatment was associated in
      all patients with partially compensated metabolic acidosis and lowering of serum
      potassium within the normal range. Kaliuresis was also noted during introduction
      of therapy. Acetazolamide appears to be an acceptable treatment for occasional
      patients with myotonia who are unresponsive to or intolerant of other therapies.

PMID- 677819
TI  - Anatomical correlates of electrical and behavioral events related to amygdaloid
      kindling.
AB  - Anatomical structures demonstrating increased glucose uptake during the various
      stages of amygdaloid kindling in rats were identified by the 14C-2-deoxyglucose
      (DG) autoradiographic technique. Partial (stages 1 and 2) seizures were
      correlated with increased DG uptake in the ipsilateral amygdala and its direct
      projection fields. The appearance of generalized motor (stages 3,4, and 5)
      seizures was accompanied by less limbic involvement and recruitment of a
      bilateral system including substantia nigra, specific and nonspecific thalamic
      nuclei, globus pallidus, and neocortex. Increased hippocampal DG uptake was
      correlated with prolonged amygdaloid after discharge duration but not with the
      behavioral seizure stage. This study does not reveal which of these structures
      are responsible for the observed behavioral and electrical events and which are
      activated by them. It does suggest, however, that three discrete anatomical
      systems underlie the generation of partial seizures, generalized motor seizures,
      and local after discharge.

PMID- 677820
TI  - Alexia and left homonymous hemianopia in a non-right-hander.
AB  - A non-right-handed patient developed alexia without agraphia from a right
      occipital lobe infarction. An intracarotid amobarbital test showed left
      hemispheric dominance for speech. The cause of alexia in this patient could not
      be explained simply by the accepted disconnection hypothesis, which proposes that
      speech, handedness, and reading functions reside in the same hemisphere. The
      findings in this patient suggest that his speech function is located on the left,
      whereas his functions for reading and writing are located in the right
      hemisphere.

PMID- 677822
TI  - Neurological research: Multidisciplinary approach to practice.

PMID- 677821
TI  - The malignancy of dementias.
AB  - Sruvival times were determined for 982 patients admitted over a ten-year period
      to the Geneva Psychiatric Clinic. Patients with dementia had one-third the life
      expectancy of controls. Among patients classed as having Alzheimer disease, the
      longest survival times were in those with neurofibrillary tangles involving the
      neocortex, while those lacking this anatomical abnormality had the shortest
      survival times. Except for women with Alzheimer disease, patients with dementia
      had less than 10% life expectancy from the time of their admission to the clinic
      compared to the life expectancy of Geneva's population.

PMID- 677823
TI  - Neurological research: training clinical neuroscientists.

PMID- 677824
TI  - Neurological Research: public support.

PMID- 677825
TI  - Neurological Research: Neurological clinical research.

PMID- 677826
TI  - Neurological Research: The public's view.

PMID- 677827
TI  - Arachnoid cyst with choroid plexus.

PMID- 677829
TI  - Criteria for diagnosis of Guillain-Barre syndrome.

PMID- 677828
TI  - Is the right hemisphere silent?

PMID- 677830
TI  - Explorations of bacterial metabolism.

PMID- 677831
TI  - [Formation of the anthracycline antibiotics, beromycin and nogalamycin, by a new
      actinomycete species, Streptomyces glomeratus sp. nov].
AB  - Culture 3980 was isolated from a soil sample and described as a new species,
      Streptomyces glomeratus sp. nov. It was found that the culture produced
      simultaneously 2 close anthracycline antibiotics, i. e. nogalamycin and
      beromycin, which were synthesized mainly in the mycelium. S. glomeratus differed
      from the nogalamycin and beromycin-producing organisms described earlier.

PMID- 677832
TI  - [Quantitative determination of the phenolic ester of phenylmalonic acid by an IR
      spectroscopy method].
AB  - A quantitative method was developed for determination of phenyl ether of
      phenylmalonic acid (I) in the presence of phenol. The method is based on
      measurement of the optic density of the characteristic absorption bands of I at
      1133 and 1770 cm-1 of IR-spectrum. Absorption of I at the above frequencies
      responded to Ber's law. Determination of I (solution in methylen chloride) was
      carried out on a standard curve in accordance with equation y : bx for the both
      frequencies. The value of constants b of the direct regressions for the
      frequencies of 1133 and 1770 cm-1 were determined with relative errtor of +/- 1.2
      and 2.3 per cent respectively. The correlation coefficients were equal to 0.98
      and 0.95.

PMID- 677833
TI  - [Equilibrium distribution of weak electrolytes in an organic solvent-water
      system].
AB  - Distribution of cephalotin, 2-tienylacetic acid, phenacetyl-D-(--)-alpha
      aminophenylacetic acid, weak acids and D-(--)-alpha-amino-phenylacetic acid
      methyl ether, a weak base in two-phase systems containing two immiscible liquid
      phases was studied. The constants of the intraphase and interphase equilibrium
      necessary for complete quantitative description of the system of electrolyte
      aqueous solution-organic solvent were determined.

PMID- 677834
TI  - [Dependence of the component makeup of the gentamicin complex on Micromonospora
      purpurea var. violacea 1935 cultivation conditions].
AB  - Dependence of biosynthesis of gentamicin and vitamin B12 on complex and
      "synthetic" media under conditions of decreased aeration, increased phosphorus
      levels and non-optimal content of carbon source was studied. The decreased levels
      of vitamin B12 production under conditions of the non-optimal content of the
      carbon source and increased phosphorus levels in the medium resulted in decreased
      production of the antibiotic complex as a whole and decreased relative content of
      the most methylated gentamicins C1 and C2 in the complex. Decreased aeration
      lowered the mycelium productivity with respect to the antibiotic production
      without changing the ratio of the components in the complex and the level of
      vitamin B12 production.

PMID- 677835
TI  - [Method of partitioning polyene macrolide antibiotics].
AB  - Levorin and mycoheptin, polyenic antibiotics were separated into 3 and 7
      heptaenic components respectively by the method of disc electrophoresis in 7.5
      per cent polyacryl amide gel prepared with tris-HCl buffer, pH 8.9. It was shown
      that nystatin had different composition as dependent on the organism producing
      it. The results of electrophoresis confirmed the data of the counter-current
      distribution.

PMID- 677836
TI  - [Antibacterial activity and bacteriophages of Bacillus pumilus].
AB  - Inducable defective phages analogous to those in Bac. subtilis were found in 5
      strains of Bac. pumilus, 3 of which possessed antibacterial activity. A moderate
      bacteriophage was also induced in addition to the defective phage in strain ATCC
      12140 not producing the antibiotic. It was found that the antibacterial activity
      was not associated with the presence of phages in the cultures. The data on the
      electron microscopic investigations are presented.

PMID- 677837
TI  - [Bacteriocinogenic activity of strains of the genus Erwinia].
AB  - Antibacterial activity of 272 Erwinia strains was studied. It was found that 182
      or 66.9 per cent of the strains were capable of producing spontaneously
      antibacterial substances belonging to the class of bacteriocins; 125
      bacteriocynogenic strains were divided into 25 groups on the basis of their
      antibacterial spectrum similarity; 57 bacteriocynogenic strains were not included
      into any of these groups because of their significant heterogenicity with respect
      to the feature studied. It was shown that most of the strains inhibited viability
      of the bacteria of both its own and other species. Investigation of the
      antagonistic activity of the Erwinia strains with broad antibacterial spectra
      with respect to E. coli indicative for colicins gave negative results. The study
      of the Erwinia strains sensitivity to the antibacterial effect of the
      bacteriocynogenic cultures showed that 210 out of 272 cultures were sensitive to
      separate bacteriocins.

PMID- 677838
TI  - [Standardization of the methods of determining microorganism sensitivity to
      antibiotics. The effect of the size of the inoculate on the results of
      determining microorganism sensitivity to antibiotics and its standardization].
AB  - The literature data and personal observations of the authors on the effect of the
      inoculate amount on the results of determination of microbial sensitivity to
      antibiotics by the methods of serial dilutions in the liquid and solid nutrient
      media and agar diffusion are discussed. It was shown that the inoculate of the
      density of 3.6.10(7) to 4.25.10(7) microbial bodies per 1 ml was optimal for the
      methods of agar diffusion and serial dilutions in agar. Recommendations for
      simplifying standardization and dilution of the inoculate are presented.

PMID- 677839
TI  - [Sodium nucleinate increase of nonspecific macroorganism resistance to
      conditionally pathogenic and pathogenic microorganisms].
AB  - Sodium nucleinate significantly increased the non-specific resistance of mice to
      E. coli O26, Ps. vulgaris, Ser. marcesens, Ps. aeruginosa, Kl. ozaenae and their
      associations and total resistance also accompanied by a significant decrease in
      the number of the bacteria in the spleen and blood, the total number of the cells
      in the peritoneal exudate and the number of the cells adhering to the glass
      (macrophages). The preparation is a low molecular RNA consisting mainly of
      fraction 3S and a small amount of fraction 4S. It contains 1.5 per cent of
      protein and 2 per cent of DNA and does not contain any polysaccharides. Repeated
      purification of sodium nucleinate lowering the levels of the admixtures 5 times
      did not change its efficacy. The low molecular RNA of the rat liver (4S) had a
      pronounced stimulating activity. On infection of the host stimulated with sodium
      nucleinate, formation of the post-infection immunity was not decreased.

PMID- 677840
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics of rifamycin].
AB  - Rifamycin pharmacokinetics was studied on experimental animals after the
      antibiotic administration by various routes. Parenteral use of the antibiotic
      resulted in its high levels in rats and rabbits. Irrespective of the
      administration route, i. e. intravenous, intramuscular or oral rifamycin
      satisfactorily penetrated into the rat tissues. The highest antibiotic levels
      were found in the animal liver. In small amounts the antibiotic was excreted with
      the urine (about 6 per cent for 4 hours). The extrarenal clearance of rifamycin
      was lower than the plasmic clearance only by 3 per cent and higher than the
      kidney clearance almost by 40 times. Rifamycin was bound in close amounts by the
      blood serum of humans, oxen and rabbits, i. e. by 68, 64 and 56 per cent
      respectively. The rat organ homogenates bound the antibiotic by 34--72 per cent.

PMID- 677842
TI  - [Comparative cytogenetic action of the antitumor antibiotics, carminomycin and
      rubomycin].
AB  - A comparative mutagenic effect of karminomycin and rubomycin in LD50 on the cells
      of the rat bone marrow (71 animals) was studied. It was found that karminomycin
      had a higher and more prolonged mutagenic effect than rubomycin. Both antibiotics
      induced mainly chromatin deletions and not so frequent reconstructions. They are
      probably identical with respect to their mechanism of action on chromosomes.

PMID- 677841
TI  - [Comparative toxicity of oxytetracycline and its semisynthetic derivatives,
      methacycline and doxycycline].
AB  - The acute toxicity parameters of oxytetracycline and its semisynthetic
      derivatives was determined on laboratory animals of various species. The three
      antibiotics were described as belonging to the group of low toxic compounds
      according to the classification adopted in industrial toxicology. However, the
      absolute values of LD50 indicated that doxycycline was 5.6 or 2.8 times more
      toxic than oxyteyracycline or methacycline respectively. In addition, doxycycline
      had the most pronounced hepatoxic effect.

PMID- 677843
TI  - [Transplantability, development and methotrexate sensitivity of mouse leukemia
      L1210 resistant to olivomycin].
AB  - A total of 52-fold passages of leukemia L-1210 were carried out for a year on
      mice treated intraperitoneally with olivomycin. Prolonged exposure to olivomycin
      resulted in decreased transplantability of the tumor cells. The tumor cells
      obtained under the effect of olivomycin were more sensitive (collateral
      sensitivity) to methotrexate as compared to the cells of the initial strain L
      1210. An intramuscular route for transplantation of the tumor cells of leukemia L
      1210 is recommended. The dosage intramuscular transplantation of the tumor cells
      provided simultaneously data on transplantability, tumor size and lifer-time of
      mice.

PMID- 677844
TI  - [Physiochemical properties of LIA-0191 A and B antibiotics].
AB  - An antifungal antibiotic LIA-0191 was isolated from the mycelium by methanol
      extraction. It was shown with thin-layer chromatography that it consisted of
      components A and B. Component A was isolated with collumn chromatography on
      silica gel, recrystalization from the solvent mixture as a monocomponent
      crystalline substance. On the basis of the physicochemical and biological
      properties it was identified with sentacidin. Component B was obtained from
      preparation LIA-0191 by the method of counter-current distribution and
      recrystalization from methanol. Comparison of its physico-chemical and biological
      properties with those of the known purines and pyrimidine pyrrol showed that
      antibiotic LIA-0191 B is new.

PMID- 677845
TI  - [Chemical characteristics of the antibiotic, memomycin (LIA-0775)].
AB  - By its physico-chemical and biological properties memomycin was classified as
      belonging to the group of hydrostatin-nifimycin. Memomycin contained  ester (or
      lactone) and amide, 7 C-methyl and 10-12 acetylating groups. Oxidation of the
      antibiotic with an excess of alkaline permanganate solution revealed the presence
      of an unbroken chain consisting at least of 8 methylen groups in the carbon
      skeleton of memomycin. Acid hydrolysis revealed no sugars and ninhidrine-positive
      components. Memomycin differed from the antibiotics close to nifimycin mainly in
      the UV-spectra. It differed from hydrostatin, muzarine, rinamycin and azalomycin
      by a complete set of physico-chemical properties and biological spectrum. On the
      basis of these data memomycin may be considered an original antibiotic.

PMID- 677846
TI  - [Optimization of the nutrient medium for the biosynthesis of albofungin by the
      steepest ascent procedure].

PMID- 677847
TI  - [Hydrolysis of the amidine analogs of penicillins].
AB  - The products of the hydrolytic degradation of 6-beta-(hexahydro-IH-azepenyl
      1)methylenamino) penicillanic acid, 6-beta-(N,N-dimethylformamidino-N1)
      penicillanic acid and 6-beta-(morpholinyl-1)methylenamino penicillanic acid were
      identified with the method of thin-layer chromatography and paper electrophoresis
      in neutral, acid and alkaline solutions and in the presence of penicillinase. The
      data of the study showed that acid hydrolysis of the amidine analogues of
      penicillins resulted in cleavage of the beta-lactame cycle and formation of the
      respective penicillanic acids. In the alkaline medium the secondary amine
      (hexamethylenimine, dimethylamine, morpholine) was cleaved from the antibiotic
      side chain and the resulting N-formyl-6-aminopenicillanic acid was further
      cleaved up to peniciec acid. The beta-lactame cycle of the antibiotics was
      cleaved under the effect of penicillinase and the resulting penicilloinic acids
      degraded into peniciec acid, N-formylpeniciec acid and secondary amines. In the
      nutral solution the antibiotics were transformed into N-formyl-6
      aminopenicillanic acid and penicilloinic acids at the first stage of the
      hydrolysis followed by their further degradation with formation of N
      formylpeniciec acid, peniciec acid and secondary amines.

PMID- 677848
TI  - [Salmonella sensitivity to antibiotics].
AB  - Antibiotic sensitivity of 142 strains of Salmonella isolated from patients within
      1974-1976 was studied. An increase in the number of the pathogenic microbes
      resistant to streptomycin was noted. Rare isolates highly resistant to ampicillin
      were registered. The number of Salmonella sensitive to other antibiotics did not
      practically change. Levomycetin proved to be a rather active drug in vitro.
      Still, its use in therapy of salmonelleses did not always produce positive
      results. The use of levomycetin in clinics is expedient only after careful and
      repeated estimation of antibioticograms.

PMID- 677849
TI  - [Bacteriostatic and bactericidal action of bile acids and antibiotics on
      staphylococci].
AB  - It was found in vitro that desoxycholic, cholic, glycocholic and choleinic acids
      inhibited the growth and development of staphylococci. The staphylococci isolated
      from bile were more resistant to the bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect of
      bile acids than the microorganisms isolated from other sources not containing
      cholates. Under the effect of these substances the activity of some antibiotics
      especially those from the group of aminoglycosides markedly increased.

PMID- 677850
TI  - [Distribution of 3H-carminomycin in the body of mice].
AB  - Distribution of 3H-carminomycin with the specific activity of 390 mCu/g prepared
      by the method of isotope exchange in 3H2O was investigated on mice treated with
      the antibiotic administered intravenously in a dose of 2 mg/kg. It was shown that
      the antibiotic rapidly accumulated in the mouse tissues, mainly in the liver,
      kidneys, lungs and spleen. The carminomycin blood levels markedly decreased
      within the first 5 minutes after the drug administration and remained rather
      stable during the following 6 hours. The concentrations of carminomycin in the
      heart muscle were comparatively low. Still, at early periods they were much
      higher than those in the skeletal muscles. The difference disappeared by 24
      hours. Carminomycin penetrated into the tissues of the brain.

PMID- 677851
TI  - [Effect of the multiple peroral administration of carminomycin on the body of
      animals].
AB  - Toxicity of carminomycin used orally for many times was mainly evident from
      suppression of blood formation, the level of the suppression being dependent on
      the antibiotic dose. Carminomycin had a low suppressing effect on the white blood
      in rats. At low doses even moderate leucocytosis was observed. The indices of the
      functional state of the liver, kidneys, sugar blood levels, content of glycogen
      and fat in the liver, relative mass of the rat organs after repeated oral
      administrations of karminomycin to the animals remained mainly unchanged. A
      change in wave T on the ECG of the dogs treated with high doses of the antibiotic
      was registered. Histological examination of the organs and tissues of the animals
      killed after repeated oral administrations of carminomycin revealed pathological
      changes only in the spleen and thin intestine. Such changes were not more
      pronounced than those after repeated intravenous administration of the equivalent
      doses of the antibiotic (by the effect on the blood formation). This allowed the
      author to recommend the oral administration route for carminomycin trials in
      clinics.

PMID- 677852
TI  - [Components of a native solution that displace the equilibrium distribution of
      oleandomycin during extraction].
AB  - A marked decrease in the coefficient of oleandomycin distribution in the system
      of the fermentation broth filtrate-butyl acetate was observed during the transfer
      from the 1st to the following extraction stages. It was supposed that the
      oleandomycin fermentation broth filtrate contained admixtures affecting
      significantly the antibiotic distribution between the aqueous phase and organic
      solvent.

PMID- 677853
TI  - [Disinfection of surgical silk with decamethoxin, antibiotics and their
      combinations].
AB  - The disinfecting effect of decametoxin, antibiotics, such as bensylpenicillin,
      streptomycin, monomycin and their combinations was studied on surgical threads of
      various thickness previously infected with Staph. aureus, Pr. vulgaris, Bac.
      anthracis, E. coli, Ps. aeruginosa and Bac. subtilis. It was shown that
      disinfection of the surgical silk with 0.1% solution of decametoxin for 15
      minutes followed by its treatment with an antibiotic solution for 105 minutes
      provided absolute sterility. Treatment of the surgical silk with decametoxin and
      antibiotic combinations alone did not provide absolute destruction of the above
      test-microbes. It was found that treatment of the silk with 0.1% decametoxin
      solution for 24 hours did not decrease its strength.

PMID- 677854
TI  - [Case of the successful use of carminomycin in combination with cyclophosphane
      and vincristine in treating ectopic chondrosarcoma of rare localization in a 5
      month-old infant].
AB  - Two relapses of ectopic chondrosarcoma of rare localization were registered at
      early periods in a 5-month child after surgical operation. Complete regression of
      the tumor was observed after the 1st course of combined therapy with
      karminomycin, vincristin and cyclophosphan. Subsequent observations for 2 years
      showed that the child was practically healthy.

PMID- 677855
TI  - [Significance of a urinary infection for the diagnosis, clinical course and
      histological characteristics of epithelial bladder tumors. The results of
      antibacterial therapy].
AB  - Examination of the case records and histological preparations of 1150 patients
      with epithelial tumors of the bladder revealed urine infection with inflammation
      in the bladder wall in 12.1% of the cases. The inflammation not only aggravated
      the clinical progress of the disease but also interfere with determination of the
      real tumor size on cytoscopy and cystotomography. Leucocytes, macrophages, edema
      zones in the granulation tissue were found in great numbers in addition to the
      usual lympho-plasmocytal infiltration in the cases with intravesical infection in
      the tumor stroma and perifocally. The signs of cystic or grandular cystitis and
      more seldom the foci of the transitional epithelium epidermization were found at
      a distance of 2-4 sm from the tumor in 66.6% of the patients. The signs of the
      infection and inflammation disappeared after antibacterial therapy in 96.8% of
      the patients. It was not possible to eliminate the infection and inflammation in
      1/3 of the patients with exoendophite and endophite tumors, especially in those
      predisposed to necrosis.

PMID- 677856
TI  - [Effect of inhalatory therapy with antibacterial preparations on the fungal
      yeastlike flora of the respiratory tracts in pulmonary tuberculosis].
AB  - A total of 254 patients with various forms of the lung tuberculosis were examined
      on the presence of the yeast-like flora; 130 patients out of them (the main
      group) were subjected to complex antibacterial therapy including inhalation with
      antitubercle drugs and 124 patients (control) were not treated with inhalation.
      On acceptance to the stationary the fungal flora was registered in 22.4% of the
      patients including 20.9% of the males and 29.2% of the females. The fungi were
      found more often in old patients (33.3%), patients with diseases of long duration
      (29.7%) and patients with fibrous cavernous tuberculosis of the lungs (27.1%). It
      was shown that the local treatment of the patients suffering from the lung
      tuberculosis with antitubercle drugs including streptomycin had no significant
      effect on either the period of the fungi carrying (22.3% before the treatment and
      21.5% after the treatment, P less than 0.05), or development of the fungal
      diseases (1.9% in the main group and 1.6% in the control group, P greater than
      0.05).

PMID- 677857
TI  - Cerebrospinal fluid penetration of amikacin.
AB  - Adult volunteers underwent a single lumbar puncture 1 to 8.5 h after one 7.5
      mg/kg intramuscular amikacin injection. Eighteen showed no detectable drug in
      cerebrospinal fluid; six had concentrations <0.5 mug/ml.

PMID- 677858
TI  - Iodometric assay method for beta-lactamase with various beta-lactam antibiotics
      as substrates.
AB  - The rapid fixed-time assay for penicillinase was modified for measuring beta
      lactamase activity with twelve substrates, i.e., benzylpenicillin, ampicillin,
      cloxacillin, methicillin, carbenicillin, cefazolin, cephalothin, cephaloglycin,
      cephalexin, cephalosporin C, 7-aminocephalosporanic acid, and cefoxitin. The
      method depends upon the reduction of iodine by the hydrolyzed substrate.
      Determined experimentally, 1 mol of hydrolyzed penicillins consumed 3.4 to 4.0
      mol of iodine (I(2)). Iodine consumption of hydrolyzed cephalosporins varied
      widely from 1.7 for cephalothin to 3.7 for cefazolin. The method is useful for
      routine assay of beta-lactamase activity with various substrates.

PMID- 677859
TI  - Surveillance of gentamicin-resistant gram-negative bacilli in a general hospital.
AB  - Aerobic gram-negative bacilli isolated from clinical specimens from 1 January to
      31 December 1976 were tested for gentamicin and tobramycin resistance by
      standardized disk testing. For Pseudomonas isolates, gentamicin resistance was
      17.1% and tobramycin resistance was 2.8%. For other gram-negative bacilli,
      gentamicin resistance was 5.5% and tobramycin resistance was 5.4%. Seventy-four
      patients from whom gentamicin-resistant organisms were isolated from 1 January to
      30 June 1976 were studied prospectively. These patients were elderly, had serious
      underlying diseases, and had received prior antibiotic therapy. Eleven patients
      carried gentamicin-resistant organisms at the time of transfer to our hospital
      from community hospitals or nursing homes. Of the 82 isolates from these 74
      patients, 52 were from the urine. Pseudomonas was found most frequently (32
      isolates), followed by Klebsiella (15 isolates), Enterobacter (10 isolates),
      Serratia (10 isolates), and Proteus (9 isolates). Only 3 of 32 Pseudomonas
      isolates caused symptomatic infection, while 16 of 50 other gram-negative bacilli
      were responsible for symptomatic infection. Although amikacin was the most active
      drug against gentamicin-resistant gram-negative bacilli and had not been used in
      our hospital at the time of this study, 25% of Pseudomonas and 18% of all gram
      negative bacilli showed resistance to this aminoglycoside.

PMID- 677860
TI  - Azlocillin and mezlocillin: new ureido penicillins.
AB  - The activity of azlocillin and mezlocillin, new semisynthetic ureido penicillins,
      was investigated and compared with that of other known beta-lactam antibiotics.
      At a concentration of 25 mug/ml, azlocillin inhibited 74% of Enterobacter, 97% of
      Proteus mirabilis, 64% of Citrobacter, 91% of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and 82% of
      Bacteroides strains tested. Mezlocillin inhibited 86% of Shigella, 96% of
      Enterobacter, 80% of indole-positive Proteus, 88% of Bacteroides, and 63% of
      Pseudomonas strains tested. Azlocillin was more active against Pseudomonas than
      was ticarcillin, carbenicillin, or mezlocillin. Mezlocillin was more active than
      carbenicillin and ampicillin against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter,
      Citrobacter, Acinetobacter, Serratia, and Bacteroides. Azlocillin and mezlocillin
      were less active than cefazolin against beta-lactamase-producing E. coli and
      Klebsiella strains but more active than cefazolin against Enterobacter, indole
      positive Proteus, Acinetobacter, Citrobacter, and Serratia strains. Both
      compounds showed activity equivalent to that of cefoxitin against Bacteroides
      isolates. Both agents were destroyed by many of the beta-lactamases from gram
      negative organisms.

PMID- 677861
TI  - In vitro studies of piperacilin, a new semisynthetic penicillin.
AB  - Piperacillin, a new semisynthetic penicillin, was compared with other
      semisynthetic penicillins, cephalosporins, and aminoglycosides by the agar
      dilution method against 3,600 isolates of facultative gram-negative bacilli,
      Bacteroides fragilis, and enterococci. At 64 mug/ml, piperacillin inhibited 90%
      of the isolates in each group of organisms tested except for Escherichia coli
      (83% inhibited by 64 mug/ml). Compared with carbenicillin, piperacillin had a 16
      fold increase in activity by weight against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the
      enterococcus, an 8-fold increase against Serratia marcescens, and a 4-fold
      increase against B. fragilis and Enterobacter species. Piperacillin was highly
      active against carbenicillin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and inhibited many
      aminoglycoside-resistant organisms. Except for P. aeruginosa, the minimum
      bactericidal concentration of piperacillin was usually within one tube dilution
      of the minimum inhibitory concentration. Approximately one-third of the gram
      negative bacilli were inhibited synergistically by piperacillin plus amikacin,
      but no synergy could be demonstrated against enterococci. Piperacillin's in vitro
      activity against gram-negative bacilli was similar to gentamicin's except that it
      also included B. fragilis, and piperacillin was decidedly superior to presently
      available penicillins against K. pneumoniae.

PMID- 677862
TI  - Pharmacology of cefaclor in normal volunteers and patients with renal failure.
AB  - After a 500-mg dose of cefaclor, the mean peak plasma level was 12.4 mug/ml and
      after a 250-mg dose it was 5 mug/ml in normal volunteers. Food intake
      significantly reduced absorption. Probenecid prolonged plasma levels. Mean plasma
      half-life in normal volunteers was 0.8 h. Only about 50% of the dose was excreted
      in the urine within 4 h in normal volunteers. Plasma half-life in patients with
      renal insufficiency was only about 3 h, which suggests that cefaclor may be
      eliminated by nonrenal mechanisms in humans. Urinary levels of cefaclor were
      adequate to inhibit susceptible pathogens even in patients with moderately severe
      renal failure. Plasma half-life during hemodialysis was 2.1 h and rose to 2.8 h
      after dialysis.

PMID- 677863
TI  - Pharmacokinetic comparison of oral bacampicillin and parenteral ampicillin.
AB  - Bacampicillin is a new oral prodrug which is rapidly converted to ampicillin
      during absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. High serum peaks of ampicillin
      are obtained. Bacampicillin orally was compared pharmacokinetically with
      parenteral ampicillin (intravenously and intramuscularly). A cross-over study on
      healthy volunteers showed that ampicillin concentrations after equimolar doses of
      bacampicillin orally and ampicillin intramuscularly were of the same order. The
      mean of the individual peak values (regardless of time of occurrence) after a
      dose of 800 mg of bacampicillin was 13.1 +/- 3.8 mug/ml. Absorption rates of the
      two doses were similar, as were their distribution volumes (approximately 25% of
      the body weight). Bioavailability was 87% for bacampicillin, compared to 71% for
      ampicillin.

PMID- 677864
TI  - Excretion of cefamandole, cefazolin, and cephalothin into T-tube bile.
AB  - The biliary tract excretion of cefamandole, cefazolin, and cephalothin was
      measured in eight patients with T-tubes inserted into their common ducts after
      ductal exploration for biliary tract stones. Each patient received 1.0 g
      intravenously of each cephalosporin on 3 separate days; T-tube bile and serum
      were collected at selected time intervals thereafter. In seven patients, bile and
      urine were collected for 6 h after the administration of each drug. Mean peak
      levels of cefamandole, cefazolin, and cephalothin in bile were 352, 46, and 12
      mug/ml, respectively. The respective mean peak serum levels were 55.0, 92.8, and
      32.4 mug/ml. Despite the fact that peak serum levels of cefazolin were 1.5 times
      those of cefamandole, levels in bile of cefamandole were about 8 times those of
      cefazolin. Over a 6-h period, almost three times as much cefamandole was excreted
      into bile as was cefazolin. Therefore, in those patients with biliary tract
      sepsis, in whom a cephalosporin is indicated for therapy, cefamandole appears to
      be the drug of choice.

PMID- 677865
TI  - Susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus to cefaclor and cephalothin: laboratory
      and clinical studies.
AB  - In vitro susceptibility tests of 201 strains of Staphylococcus aureus by agar
      dilution revealed 90% to be susceptible to 8 mug or less of cefaclor per ml.
      Strains from hospitalized children and adults were more often resistant than
      those from patients with bullous impetigo. Cephalothin was more active than
      cefaclor against all strains tested. Results with disk tests, including those
      strains examined from the clinical investigation, revealed some discrepancies in
      identifying strains more resistant to cefaclor. In clinical studies, cefaclor
      proved quite effective for the treatment of bullous impetigo. Of 73 patients, 90%
      were cured and 7% improved after completing 5 or more days of treatment. Prompt
      improvement was noted among most patients seen 3 to 5 days after treatment was
      begun. One patient experienced mild diarrhea. There were no other adverse or
      toxic manifestations attributable to therapy.

PMID- 677866
TI  - Comparison of serum bactericidal activity among three antimicrobial combinations.
AB  - Three antimicrobial combinations, ticarcillin plus cephalothin (T+C), ticarcillin
      plus gentamicin (T+G), and cephalothin plus gentamicin (C+G), were administered
      to 105 febrile granulocytopenic cancer patients at the Baltimore Cancer Research
      Center as part of a multi-institutional prospective randomized antibiotic trial.
      The sera from 32 of these patients (T+C-10 patients, T+G-10 patients, and C+G-12
      patients) obtained 1 h post-antibiotic administration were examined for
      bactericidal activity against 11 strains each of the most common pathogens
      infecting the granulocytopenic host: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella
      pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. Each of the three
      antibiotic regimens produced a high degree of bactericidal activity in these sera
      against S. aureus and E. coli. P. aeruginosa was equally, although poorly, killed
      by sera containing ticarcillin (T+G, T+C), whereas C+G produced no measurable
      serocidal activity (P < 0.05). Sera with C+G killed K. pneumoniae more
      effectively than T+G; T+C produced the least killing effect of the three regimens
      against this organism (P < 0.05). The bactericidal activity of the serum from
      these 32 patients supplements the overall clinical results of the multi
      institutional antibiotic trial and suggests that T+G is a useful initial regimen
      for empiric therapy of febrile episodes in granulocytopenic cancer patients.

PMID- 677867
TI  - Inclusion of xylan in a medium for the enumeration of total culturable rumen
      bacteria.
AB  - The influence of the inclusion of xylan in a medium for enumeration of total
      culturable rumen bacteria was investigated. Maximum colony numbers were obtained
      on a medium, GCSX-2, which contained 0.033% each glucose and cellobiose and
      0.067% each soluble starch and xylan. This medium gave higher colony counts than
      either medium 98-5 of Bryant and Robinson (J. Dairy Sci. 44:1446-1456, 1961),
      medium 98-5 of Chung and Hungate (Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 32:649-652, 1976),
      containing an added lucerne (hemicellulose + cellulose) fiber substrate, or
      medium GCSX-2 with the added lucerne (hemicellulose + cellulose) fraction. The
      time of collection of rumen fluid influenced the colony counts on the media
      containing the lucerne fiber substrate but was without effect on medium GCSX-2.

PMID- 677868
TI  - Virus accumulation by the rock oyster Crassostrea glomerata.
AB  - The accumulation of virus by the New Zealand rock oyster Crassostrea glomerata
      has been studied in a static seawater system using radioactively labeled reovirus
      type III and Semliki Forest virus. The uptake of virus was found to be less rapid
      than for the bacterium Escherichia coli and to be unaffected by the presence of
      the marine alga Dunaliella primolecta in the seawater. Accumulation was dependent
      on virus concentration, with saturation achieved at 4 X 10(10) reovirus particles
      per oyster, implying that an oyster possesses a large but finite number of sites
      for virus adsorption. When the rates of uptake of two viruses of similar size but
      differing surface properties were compared, the rate of accumulation of the
      lipoprotein-enveloped Semliki Forest virus was found to be less than that for the
      protein-enclosed reovirus. This observation, together with the finding that the
      oyster shell has a strong affinity for virus, suggests that surface properties,
      rather than size, are the principal factors governing the accumulation of viruses
      by filter-feeding marine bivalves.

PMID- 677869
TI  - Effect of sulfur-containing compounds on anaerobic degradation of cellulose to
      methane by mixed cultures obtained from sewage sludge.
AB  - Tests were made to determine the effects of inorganic and organic sulfur sources
      on the degradation of cellulose to methane in a chemically defined medium with
      sulfur-poor inoculum prepared from sewage sludge. The results show that a sulfur
      source of about a 0.85 mM concentration is essential for the degradation of
      cellulose to CH4. However, the production of CH4 from CO2 and H2 provided in the
      headspace occurred with 0.1 mM sulfate or sulfide. At a 9 mM concentration, all
      inorganic sulfur compounds other than sulfate inhibited both cellulose
      degradation and methane formation, and this inhibition increased in the order
      thiosulfate less than sulfite less than sulfide less than H2S. It appears that
      the degradation of cellulose to CH4 in a sulfate-free medium by inoculum
      maintained in a low-sulfur medium is inhibited because of the lack of
      availability of sulfur for growth of bacteria and synthesis of cell materials and
      sulfur-containing cofactors involved in cellulose degradation and methanogenesis.
      The reduction of methanogenesis by higher levels of sulfate probably occurs as a
      result of stimulation of reactions converting acetate and H2 to end products
      other than CH4.

PMID- 677870
TI  - Antimetabolite sensitivity and magnesium uptake by thermally stressed Vibrio
      parahaemolyticus.
AB  - Metabolic inhibitors were added to a culture medium inoculated with theramlly
      stressed Vibrio parahaemolyticus to obtain information pertaining to biosynthetic
      processes required for recovery from heat damage. Ribonucleic acid and protein
      syntheses, in addition to membrane repair, were required during recovery of
      injured cells. Neither nucleic acid nor Mg2+ leakage was noted to occur during
      the time cells were subjected to heat stress. Studies revealed that Mg2+ was
      apparently taken up by cells of V. parahaemolyticus during the first 30 min after
      thermal treatment, indicating a possible increased requirement for Mg2+ for
      membrane and/or ribosome stability and repair.

PMID- 677871
TI  - Lignocellulose decomposition by selected streptomyces strains.
AB  - From 30 actinomycete cultures isolated by enrichment technique on agar media
      containing newsprint as a primary carbon and energy source, three Streptomyces
      strains were selected for characterization of their lignocellulose-decomposing
      abilities. All three streptomycetes were capable of oxidizing specifically 14C
      labeled lignocelluloses to 14CO2. These Streptomyces were shown to attack
      primarily the cellulosic (glucan) components, of which between 25 to 40% evolved
      as 14CO2 during 1,025 h of incubation depending upon the culture used. Lignin
      labeled lignocelluloses were also attacked, but to a lesser degree, with up to
      about 3.5% being oxidized to 14CO2 depending upon the culture used. Additionally,
      it was shown that purified 14C-labeled milled-wood lignin was attacked, with
      recoveries of up to 17.7% of the label was 14CO2. This is the first conclusive
      evidence to show that streptomycetes can decompose lignin.

PMID- 677872
TI  - Phytoplankton uptake and excretion of assimilated nitrate in a small Canadian
      shield lake.
AB  - Nitrate uptake in the epilemnetic waters of a small eutrophic Canadian Shield
      lake was studied by using a 15N method during summer stratification. Concurrent
      with inhibition of primary production, 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea
      inhibited NO3- assimilation. Nitrate up to 1 mg of N/liter did not affect the
      rate of primary production during 3 h of incubation. The NO3- fertilizer added to
      the lake weekly was consumed through algal assimilation in about 3 days.
      Excretion of the photoassimilated NO3- as dissolved organic nitrogen represented
      a significant portion of the nutrient incorporated by the cells. Only 40% of the
      NO3- -15N which disappeared could be accounted for in the particulate fraction.
      Although the rest was presumably excreted, only 15% of the 15N label was
      accounted for as cationic dissolved organic nitrogen by isotope assays. These
      excreted organic forms were predominantly serine and glycine in the dissolved
      free amino acid fraction. Bacteria as well as algae might be expected to
      contribute to and modify the extracellular nitrogen pool.

PMID- 677873
TI  - Influence of ammonium chloride on the nitrogenase activity of nodulated pea
      plants (Pisum sativum).
AB  - A study was made on the short-term effect of ammonium ions on the nitrogenase
      activity of pea root nodules. Nodulated pea plants (Pisum sativum), having
      reached maximum acetylene-reducing activity, were supplied with NH4Cl (20 mM).
      Nitrogenase activity of intact plants, detached nodules, and isolated bacteroids
      was measured at differed time intervals. A significant drop (20 to 40%) in the
      acetylene-reducing activity of treated intact plants and their detached nodules
      was observed after 1 day. No drop in the nitrogenase activity of bacteroids
      (assayed aerobically, or anaerobically after treatment with
      ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-toluene) occurred for 2 to 4 days after the
      addition of NH4+ to the plants, depending on cultural conditions. From these
      results it is concluded that the adverse effect of NH4+ on acetylene reduction by
      intact plants and detached nodules during the first 2 days is not due to a
      decrease in the amount of nitrogenase in the bacteroids. It is suggested that the
      effect has to be attributed to a reduced supply to the bacteroids of energy
      delivery photosynthates.

PMID- 677874
TI  - Production of cyclochlorotine and a new metabolite, simatoxin, by Penicillium
      islandicum Sopp.
AB  - Production of the hepatotoxin cyclochlorotine by Penicillium islandicum was
      studied under a variety of fermentation conditions. The best system for
      production was agitated red wheat. A thin-layer chromatographic method was
      developed for the detection of this cyclic polypeptide. These experiments have
      resulted in the isolation of a new toxic metabolite, which we call simatoxin.

PMID- 677875
TI  - Airborne bacteria in an urban environment.
AB  - Samples were taken at random intervals over a 2-year period from urban air and
      tested for viable bacteria. The number of bacteria in each sample was determined,
      and each organism isolated was identified by its morphological and biochemical
      characteristics. The number of bacteria found ranged from 0.013 to 1.88 organisms
      per liter of air sampled. Representatives of 19 different genera were found in 21
      samples. The most frequently isolated organisms and their percent of occurence
      were Micrococcus (41%), Staphylococcus (11%), and Aerococcus (8%). The bacteria
      isolated were correlated with various weather and air pollution parameters using
      the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient method. Statistically
      significant correlations were found between the number of viable bacteria
      isolated and the concentrations of nitric oxide (-0.45), nitrogen dioxide
      (+0.43), and suspended particulate pollutants (+0.56). Calculated individually,
      the total number of Micrococcus, Aerococcus, and Staphylococcus, number of rods,
      and number of cocci isolated showed negative correlations with nitric oxide and
      positive correlations with nitrogen dioxide and particulates. Statistically
      significant positive correlations were found between the total number of rods
      isolated and the concentration of nitrogen dioxide (+0.54) and the percent
      relative humidity (+0.43). The other parameters tested, sulfur dioxide,
      hydrocarbons, and temperature, showed no significant correlations.

PMID- 677876
TI  - Electrophoretic protein patterns and enzyme mobilities in anaerobic coryneforms.
AB  - The soluble protein patterns and electrophoretic mobilities of malate and
      succinate dehydrogenases and catalase have been examined in 25 strains of
      Propionibacterium acnes, P. granulosum, and P. avidum. A distinctive protein
      pattern for each species was found, and it was possible also to distinguish the
      serotypes within P. acnes and P. avidum. Strains of P. acnes, P. granulosum, and
      P. avidum could be differentiated by the mobilities of their malate
      dehydrogenases. Catalase activity was detected in the soluble fractions of all
      strains. Catalases from P. acnes and P. avidum strains had the same mobility,
      whereas that from P. granulosum was slightly slower. Under the conditions used,
      succinate dehydrogenase activity could be detected, but the patterns were not
      distinctive.

PMID- 677877
TI  - Transduction in Bacillus thuringiensis.
AB  - Bacteriophage CP-51, originally reported as a generalized transducing phage for
      Bacillus cereus and B. anthracis, has been shown to carry out generalized
      transduction in several strains of B. thuringiensis. A newly isolated phage, CP
      54, which has a broader host range than CP-51, also mediates generalized
      transduction in B. thuringiensis. CP-51 and CP-54 are similar in size and
      morphology and are related serologically, but they are not identical. CP-54 is
      more cold labile than CP-51, and, as with CP-51, its stability both at 0 and 15
      degrees C is enhanced by the presence of 0.02 M Mg2+. Some examples of
      cotransduction of linked markers in B. thuringiensis are presented, demonstrating
      the feasibility of chromosomal mapping in this organism. The rare occurrence of
      cross-transduction among strains of B. thuringiensis is probably a reflection of
      nonhomology rather than restriction, since phage itself did not appear to be
      restricted when grown on a particular host and assayed with other hosts as
      indicator.

PMID- 677878
TI  - Survival of bacillus licheniformis on human skin.
AB  - The colonization and survival of Bacillus species, members of the cutaneous
      microbial community of humans, were investigated by applying spores of Bacillus
      licheniformis to the forearms of volunteers. Four strains were tested, including
      the bacitracin producer ATCC 10716 and its bacitracin-negative mutant.
      Germination occurred within 24 h. Significant differences in survival population
      and duration were found among the test strains; however, ATCC 10716 and its
      mutant produced statistically similar survival curves. In general, an inoculum
      density of 10(4) colony-forming units per cm2 allowed survival for at least 2
      weeks. Individual variation was extreme, for one subject harbored bacilli for
      over 2 months and another eliminated the microorganism within 3 days. Individuals
      could be differentiated into long-term (greater than 21 days) and short-term
      (less than 14 days) carriers. Eight of the 11 volunteers (73%) inoculated with
      ATCC 10716 carried it for 2 weeks, and 5 subjects (45%) continued to support the
      bacilli for 3 weeks. Spreading of the organism to other regions of the body
      occurred, but bacilli were not detected in these areas beyond 6 days.

PMID- 677880
TI  - Studies on an acetate-fermenting strain of Methanosarcina.
AB  - An acetate-fermenting strain of Methanosarcina was isolated from an acetate
      enrichment culture inoculated with anaerobic sludge from a waste treatment
      digestor. In pure culture, this organism fermented acetate in the absence of
      added hydrogen at rates comparable in magnitude to those found in digestor
      systems. This rate was significantly higher than previously obtained for pure
      cultures of this genus. Mineral components of yeast extract were highly
      stimulatory for cultures growing on methanol. Comparable stimulation was not
      observed for cultures growing on acetate. Labeling studies indicated that acetate
      was converted to methane and CO2 as predicted by previous studies on mixed
      cultures. Total oxidation or reduction of acetate was not the mechanism of
      conversion of acetate to methane by the pure culture. The ability of this strain
      to form colonies or to produce methane from acetate was apparently influenced by
      the choice of substrate and conditions used for growing the inoculum.

PMID- 677879
TI  - Interactions of Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 10716 and normal flora of human skin.
AB  - To determine whether antibiotic production might be ecologically advantageous in
      the survival of Bacillus species on human skin, we applied spores of a bacitracin
      producing strain of Bacillus licheniformis (ATCC 10716) to the forearms of 11
      volunteers. Three additional strains of B. licheniformis which did not synthesize
      antibiotics, including a mutant of ATCC 10716, were used in subsequent control
      trials. Samples of flora were taken from inoculated and control (opposite
      forearm) sites during the colonization period, generally 3 weeks. Although
      population densities were unaltered, changes in the carriage, composition, and
      bacitracin sensitivity of resident flora were related with the presence of ATCC
      10716 only, which suggests that microbial interactions are important in bacillus
      colonization and in maintenance of normal flora. Interactions were examined in
      vitro by comparing growth curves of representative skin bacteria, including
      isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Micrococcus
      luteus, and a large-colony diphtheroid, grown individually, in mixed culture with
      each other, and together in presence of each test strain of B. licheniformis. We
      observed some diminution of growth of M. luteus and the diphtheroid in the first
      mixed culture, and the diphtheroid was completely retarded in common culture with
      ATCC 10716. Lesser antibiotic effects were seen on the cocci, whose rank of
      sensitivity was similar to that in vivo. The growth of the diphtheroid was
      enhanced in mixed culture with those strains of bacilli which lack antibiotic
      activity.

PMID- 677881
TI  - Methanogenesis from acetate: a nonmethanogenic bacterium from an anaerobic
      acetate enrichment.
AB  - A methanogenic acetate enrichment was initiated by inoculation of an acetate
      mineral salts medium with domestic anaerobic digestor sludge and maintained by
      weekly transfer for 2 years. The enrichment culture contained a Methanosarcina
      and several obligately anaerobic nonmethanogenic bacteria. These latter organisms
      formed varying degrees of association with the Methanosarcina, ranging from the
      nutritionally fastidious gram-negative rod called the satellite bacterium to the
      nutritionally nonfastidious Eubacterium limosum. The satellite bacterium had
      growth requirements for amino acids, a peptide, a purine base, vitamin B12, and
      other B vitamins. Glucose, mannitol, starch, pyruvate, cysteine, lysine, leucine,
      isoleucine, arginine, and asparagine stimulated growth and hydrogen production.
      Acetate was neither incorporated nor metabolized by the satellite organism. Since
      acetate was the sole organic carbon source in the enrichment culture, organism(s)
      which metabolize acetate (such as the Methanosarcina) must produce substrates and
      growth factors for associated organisms which do not metabolize acetate.

PMID- 677882
TI  - Rapid qualitative method for detecting staphylococcal nuclease in foods.
AB  - A rapid method for the detection of heat-stable staphylococcal nuclease in foods
      is described. The procedure consists of an acid precipitation, boiling, and
      centrifugation followed by enzyme detection in an agar plate containing
      deoxyribonucleic acid. To test the efficacy of the procedure, purified
      Staphylococcus aureus nuclease was added to various foods and recovery
      experiments were performed. Additionally, foods were inoculated and incubated
      with S. aureus, and the staphylococcal counts were compared with nuclease
      activity. The results indicate that the procedure possesses merit for a rapid
      method that can be incorporated into quality control programs. The procedure
      requires approximately 2.5 h, and it will detect nuclease levels as low as 10
      ng/g of food.

PMID- 677883
TI  - Isolation of an enteropathogenic, Kanagawa-positive strain of Vibrio
      parahaemolyticus from seafood implicated in acute gastroenteritis.
AB  - A strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, serotype O4/K4, that was Kanagawa positive
      and reactive in the rabbit ileal loop test, was isolated in low numbers from raw
      oysters implicated in a case of acute gastroenteritis. To our knowledge, this is
      the first report of the isolation of a Kanagawa-positive strain from suspect food
      in the United States.

PMID- 677884
TI  - Long-range air transmission of bacteria.
AB  - Bacterial spores from a sandstorm area north of the Black Sea were transmitted to
      Sweden by air, giving increased concentrations of viable bacterial spores at two
      air sampling stations in Sweden.

PMID- 677885
TI  - Comparison of selective media for coagulase-positive enterotoxigenic
      Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - Different culture media were used to detect enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus
      strains from peptone salt solution and inoculated minced meat. When recovery,
      reactions, and counting mistakes were considered, it was concluded that Baird
      Parker agar was the best medium.

PMID- 677886
TI  - Distribution of ribonucleic acid coliphages in south and east Asia.
AB  - We investigated the distribution of ribonucleic acid (RNA) coliphages in the
      Philippines, Singapore, Indonesia, India, and Thailand by collecting sewage
      samples from domestic drainage in November 1976. Of the 221 samples collected
      from domestic drainage, 50 contained RNA phages (52 strains). By serological
      analysis, 46 of the 52 strains were found to belong to group III. It can thus be
      said that the most prevalent RNA phages in Southeast Asia (at least, in the
      Philippines, Singapore, and Indonesia) were group III phages. Investigations of
      sewage samples collected from domestic drainage in Japan indicate that the most
      prevalent RNA phages in mainland Japan (north of Kyushu) are group II phages,
      whereas group III phages are predominant in the southern part of Japan (south of
      Amamiohshima Island). We therefore propose a borderline between Kyushu and
      Amamiohshima Island for the geographical distribution of RNA coliphages in the
      domestic drainage of South and East Asia. Moreover, one strain (ID2) was
      inactivated to some extent with the antisera of four groups of RNA phages. This
      is thought to be significant from the evolutionary viewpoint.

PMID- 677887
TI  - Synthesis and properties of delta-N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-ornithine. A transition
      state analog inhibitor of ornithine transcarbamylase.

PMID- 677888
TI  - Enhanced oxidative metabolism in liver mitochondria from genetically obese mice.

PMID- 677889
TI  - 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 metabolism. The effect of dietary calcium and
      phosphorus.

PMID- 677890
TI  - Biosynthesis of beta-diketones and hydrocarbons in barley spike epicuticular wax.

PMID- 677891
TI  - Biosynthesis of monoterpenes. Partial purfication and characterization of a
      bicyclic monoterpenol dehydrogenase from sage (Salvia officinalis).

PMID- 677892
TI  - Regulation of pyrimidine biosynthesis by purine and pyrimidine nucleosides in
      slices of rat tissue.

PMID- 677893
TI  - Thyroid hormone-divalent cation interactions. Effect of thyroid hormone on
      mitochondrial calcium metabolism.

PMID- 677894
TI  - The mechanism of anion inhibition of pork heart aspartate aminotransferase.

PMID- 677895
TI  - Isolation and properties of naphthoate synthetase from Mycobacterium phlei.

PMID- 677896
TI  - Plant pyruvate dehydrogenase complex: analysis of the kinetic properties and
      metabolite regulation.

PMID- 677897
TI  - Detergent effects upon the isozymes of cytoplasmic glycerol 3-phosphate
      dehydrogenase.

PMID- 677898
TI  - Oligosaccharides of human milk: structural studies of di-and trifucosyl
      derivatives of lacto-N-octaose and lacto-N-neoctaose.

PMID- 677899
TI  - A crystalline protein from beef liver, kidney, and spleen.

PMID- 677900
TI  - Biosynthesis of type I and type III collagens by cultured uterine smooth muscle
      cells.

PMID- 677902
TI  - A mutant fibroblast cell line defective in glycoprotein synthesis due to a
      deficiency of glucosamine phosphate acetyltransferase.

PMID- 677901
TI  - The interaction of tributyltin with the mitochondrial calcium transport system of
      rat liver.

PMID- 677903
TI  - Further evidence for the multifunctional enzyme characteristic of the fatty acid
      synthetases of animal tissues.

PMID- 677904
TI  - Effect of the state of phosphatidylcholine on the rate of its hydrolysis by
      phospholipase A2 (bee venom).

PMID- 677905
TI  - Glucosylphosphoryldolichol: role as a glucosyl donor in the biosynthesis of an
      oligosaccharide lipid intermediate by calf brain membranes.

PMID- 677906
TI  - Isolation of low molecular weight RNAs from connective tissue. Inhibition of mRNA
      translation.

PMID- 677907
TI  - The effect of alpha-mannose-terminal oligosaccharides on the survival of
      glycoproteins in the circulation. Rapid uptake and catabolism of bovine
      pancreatic ribonuclease B by nonparenchymal cells of rat liver.

PMID- 677908
TI  - Dissociation and reconstitution of human erythrocyte membrane proteins using
      3,4,5,6-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride.

PMID- 677909
TI  - Studies on the zinc content of Cd-induced thionein.

PMID- 677910
TI  - Food and Drug Administration recommendations on radiation of benign diseases.

PMID- 677911
TI  - Reticulate pigmented anomaly of the flexures. Dowing Degos disease, a new
      genodermatosis.
AB  - Acquired reticulate pigmentation of the flexures developed in ten patients.
      Additional features in some cases were pitted scars near the angles of the mouth
      and scattered dark comedone-like lesions on the neck (dark dot follicles). The
      disease affects both sexes, usually develops in early adult life, and is slowly
      progressive. The abnormality is characterized by pigmented filiform epidermal
      downgrowths closely resembling an adenoid seborrheic wart, but similar
      proliferations also develop around the variably dilated pilosebaceous follicles.
      The occurence of the anomaly in siblings and in mother and daughter in two
      families suggests the condition in a new genodermatosis. Reticulate pigmented
      anomaly of the flexures bears a spurious clinical resemblance to acanthosis
      nigricans and, thus, the recognition of this new genodermatosis should spare
      patients undergoing unnecessary investigations to exclude visceral malignancy.

PMID- 677912
TI  - Cutaneous sinus tracts of dental origin.
AB  - The most common etiologic factor responsible for the intermittently suppurating
      cutaneous sinus tract about the face and neck is the extension of chronic
      infection of dental origin. Complete healing invariably follows the eradication
      of this source of infection. The presence of a cutaneous sinus tract about the
      face and neck should alert members of the profession to the necessity of routine
      dental examination including roentgenographic surveys of the teeth and jaws.

PMID- 677913
TI  - Percutaneous absorption of topically applied triamcinolone in children.
AB  - The real and potential problems associated with the percutaneous absorption of
      topically applied corticosteroids have been used as an argument against the
      prolonged administration of these drugs. Many pediatricians and dermatologists
      consider children to be more likely to absorb substantial quantities of topically
      applied corticosteroids than adults. This study examines the percutaneous
      absorption of 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide ointment applied four times a day for
      a period of six weeks to patients with severe atopic eczema. The results of 8 AM
      and 4 PM plasma cortisol and 24-hour urinary cortisol determinations do not
      indicate any notable adrenal suppression. No patient had an 8 AM cortisol value
      that would be considered in the abnormal range. These results indicate that the
      use of a medium-strength topical corticosteroid for this length of time probably
      poses no noteworthy hazard from percutaneous absorption.

PMID- 677914
TI  - Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia.
AB  - Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia is manifested by benign vascular
      tumors that usually occur about the head in young adults. Clinical and histologic
      variation of this process has resulted in nosologic confusion, and the cases in
      the English literature were reviewed to characterize it within racial groups.
      Oriental patients tend to be younger at onset, usually male, and have marked
      blood eosinophilia; large, but relatively asymptomatic, tumors develop in these
      patients. White patients tend to be older at onset and have small, friable
      tumors. Large tumors that are painful or pruritic tend to develop in blacks and
      Middle Eastern patients.

PMID- 677915
TI  - Development of photosensitivity and an SLE-like syndrome in a patient with
      psoriasis.
AB  - An unusual case of photosensitive psoriasis and systemic lupus erythematosus
      related syndrome was characterized by erythroderma, chronic urticaria,
      angioneurotic edema, intermittent low-grade fever, and polyarthralgias.
      Investigation revealed no measurable total hemolytic complement and markedly
      diminished levels of C4, C2, and C3. Microscopic examination of three skin biopsy
      sections of sun-exposed skin showed psoriasis. Skin biopsy sections of sun
      exposed psoriatic plaques and of non-sun-exposed, uninvolved skin (which were
      stained with fluorescein-tagged anti-IgG, anti-IgM, anti-IgA, and anti-C3) showed
      granular deposits of IgM and C3 at the dermal-epidermal junction in the sun
      exposed plaques, and IgM alone in a granular pattern at the dermal-epidermal
      junction in uninvolved skin. Antibodies to single-stranded but not double
      stranded DNA were detected in the patient's serum. In addition, serum immune
      complex-like material was detected by sucrose density-gradient
      ultracentrifugation, standard anticomplementary assays, and radioimmunoassays
      using both C1q and monoclonal rheumatoid factor.

PMID- 677916
TI  - Incontinentia pigmenti. Evidence for both neutrophil and lymphocyte dysfunction.
AB  - A child with incontinentia pigmenti (Bloch-Sultzberger syndrome) had recurrent
      pneumococcal meningitis and pneumococcal bacteremia with associated subdural
      hematomas. Immunologic evaluation revealed defective neutrophil chemotaxis with
      normal neutrophil chemiluminescense. In addition, lymphocytes showed a depressed
      proliferative response to phytohemagglutinin stimulation. An immunologic defect
      may prove to be part of this syndrome.

PMID- 677917
TI  - Hydroa vacciniforme.
AB  - Two patients with hydroa vacciniforme, a rare photodermatosis of unknown
      etiology, demonstrated distinctive scarring and vesiculobullous skin lesions on
      light-exposed body areas. Results of blood and urine porphyrin studies were
      normal, and no systemic abnormalities were noted. A small bullous lesion was
      produced in normal skin in case 1 with 15 times the minimal erythema dose of
      ultraviolet energy. The conditions of both patients improved while they were
      taking beta carotene orally.

PMID- 677918
TI  - Isolated nodular cutaneous histoplasmosis. The initial manifestation of recurrent
      disseminated disease.
AB  - Cutaneous manifestations of histoplasmosis may be divided into primary and
      secondary lesions. Primary cutaneous histoplasmosis is rare; to our knowledge,
      there are only three reported cases in the literature. Secondary cutaneous
      histoplasmosis develops during the course of disseminated disease. An isolated
      nodule of the hand was the initially appearing sign of recurrent disseminated
      disease in our patient. Because of the extreme rarity of primary cutaneous
      histoplasmosis, cutaneous lesions that are proven to be due to histoplasmosis
      should alert the physician to the presence of disseminated disease.

PMID- 677919
TI  - Mycetoma-like infection caused by previously undescribed bacterium.
AB  - A 56-year-old man had a verrucous plaque with draining abscesses on the dorsum of
      hir foot for four years. Examination of cultures revealed a Gram-negative
      bacterium that, to our knowledge, has not been described in the literature. The
      infection was cured by treatment with co-trimoxazole (trimethoprim and
      sulfamethoxazole) and topical 10% lactic acid in hydrophylic emulsion base.

PMID- 677920
TI  - Cheilitis granulomatosa. Successful treatment with combined local triamcinolone
      injections and surgery.
AB  - Cheilitis granulomatosa is a rare condition that has traditionally proved
      difficult to treat satisfactorily. Excellent results were obtained in our case
      with local triamcinolone acetonide injections and surgery. Histopathologic
      features of the classic, untreated condition were reviewed and compared to the
      histopathologic features of labial tissues after a seris of triamcinolone
      injections. It was found that the injected medication was effective in achieving
      some reduction of labial volume, apparently through a necrotizing effect of
      granulomas with subsequent replacement by fibrous scars. Discontinuation of local
      injections after initial surgery apparently contributed to an exacerbation, as
      shown by the histopathology of a second cheiloplastic procedure. We therefore
      recommended that patients with chelitis granulomatosa who are receiving combinaed
      triamcinolone-surgical therapy continue to receive local triamcinolone injections
      after surgery in order to minimize the tendency for recurrence.

PMID- 677921
TI  - Oral treatment of keratosis follicularis with a new aromatic retinoid.
AB  - Four patients with extensive keratosis follicularis (Darler's disease) showed
      excellent clinical response to the oral administration of a new aromatic
      derivative of retinoic acid (RO 10-9359). Initial oral treatment with 50 to 75 mg
      of the drug was followed by substantial improvement in four to seven days and the
      lesions cleared completely after three to four weeks. Long-term treatment with 25
      to 30 mg/day was sufficient to prevent recurrence. No serious side effects were
      seen with this dosage after several months. Some dryness of the lips and the
      nasal mucosa occurred and one patient experienced slight nausea. Histological
      investigations showed the gradual disappearance of acantholysis, dyskeratosis,
      and hyperkeratosis, in this order. The given therapeutic schedule is a reliable
      routine management for keratosis follicularis in adults.

PMID- 677922
TI  - Phenylketonuria and scleroderma.
AB  - Two mentally retarded siblings, one with severe segmental scleroderma and the
      other with atrophoderma of Pasini and Pierini, were found at the ages of 6 and 10
      years to have phenylketonuria (PKU). The belief that a common pathomechanism
      exists between morphea and atrophoderma of Pasini and Pierini is supported by the
      case of the two siblings. Disorders in tryptophan metabolism can occur in both
      PKU and scleroderma. For a low phenylalanine diet to be effective in PKU, it has
      to be instituted at an early age. Phenylketonuria should be considered in infants
      and children with sclerodermatous skin lesions.

PMID- 677923
TI  - Granulomatosis disciformis chronica et progressiva with lymphadenopathy.

PMID- 677924
TI  - Two brothers with ichthyosis congenita with thymic involution.

PMID- 677925
TI  - Solitary nevus lipomatosus cutaneous superficialis of the knee.

PMID- 677926
TI  - Nephrotic syndrome and granulomatous hepatitis in secondary syphilis.

PMID- 677927
TI  - Multiple trichoepithelioma and breast carcinoma. Simultaneous appearance of
      epithelioma adenoides cysticum and infiltrating lobular carcinoma of the breast.

PMID- 677928
TI  - Transepithelial elimination of cutaneous chromomycosis.

PMID- 677929
TI  - Hyperbaric oxygen treatment of pyoderma gangrenosum.

PMID- 677930
TI  - Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis associated with Sjogren's syndrome.

PMID- 677931
TI  - Papillary eccrine adenoma.

PMID- 677932
TI  - Halo congenital nevus without histological inflammation.

PMID- 677933
TI  - Beta carotene in congenital porphyria.

PMID- 677934
TI  - Photochemotherapy for psoriasis.

PMID- 677935
TI  - Ichthyosiform dermatosis and deafness.

PMID- 677936
TI  - Erythema chronicum migrans and arthritis.

PMID- 677937
TI  - Hypothermia and generalized skin disease.

PMID- 677938
TI  - Hyperkeratosis of the nipples.

PMID- 677939
TI  - Scabies in blacks.

PMID- 677940
TI  - Circulating antibodies reactive with cytoplasmic antigens of upper and germinal
      cells of human skin.

PMID- 677941
TI  - Cutaneous ciliated cysts.

PMID- 677942
TI  - Endrin and malathion toxicity to flagfish (Jordanella floridae).
AB  - Endrin and malathion effects on survival, growth, and reproduction of flagfish
      were determined in a flow-through system. Endrin chronic effects on first
      generation growth and reproduction occurred only at 0.3 microgram/L, the highest
      concentration tested. The mean endrin residues in the first-generation fish at 65
      days were about 15,000 times the water concentration in all concentrations
      tested. Malathion concentrations of 31.5 microgram/L and 24.7 microgram/L, the
      highest concentrations tested, had detrimental effects on first-generation
      survival. During the same period malathion concentrations as low as 10.9
      microgram/L significantly affected growth. Neither insecticide, at the
      concentrations tested, had any detectable effects on the second generation during
      a 30-day exposure period. Acute toxicities to juvenile fish were also determined
      in the same flo-through system. The 96-hr LC50's were 0.85 microgram/L for endrin
      and 349 microgram/L for malathion.

PMID- 677943
TI  - Arsenic in sediments, water and aquatic biota from lakes in the vicinity of
      Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada.
AB  - Arsenic concentrations were measured in aquatic invertebrates, macrophytes,
      sediments, and water of lakes in the vicinity of Yellowknife (N.W.T.), Canada. In
      arsenic-contaminated lakes the arsenic concentration ranged from 0.70 to 5.5 ppm
      in water, 6 to 3,500 ppm in bottom sediments, 150 to 3,700 ppm in macrophytes,
      700 to 2,400 ppm in zooplankton, and less than 1 to 1,300 ppm in other
      invertebrates. The arsenic concentration in invertebrates varied with sampling
      time, place, and taxon. Arsenic concentration factors were calculated, and found
      to decrease with increasing concentration of arsenic in ecosystem components of
      the lake. No evidence was found for biomagnification of arsenic through ascending
      trophic levels. In high-arsenic lakes herbivores had the highest arsenic
      concentrations, and omnivores the lowest. Pelecypoda, Ephemeroptera, Amphipoda,
      and Hirudinea were conspicuously absent from high-arsenic lakes. These particular
      organisms may be more susceptible to the effects of arsenic than others.

PMID- 677944
TI  - The effect of malathion on the temperature selection response of the common
      shiner, Notropis cornutus (Mitchill).
AB  - Warm- (17 degrees C) and cold-acclimated (8 degrees C) young-of-the-year, 1-year
      old, and 2-year-old common shiners, Notropis cornutus (Mitchell) were exposed for
      24 hr to sublethal doses (1.0, 0.25, and 0.05 microgram/L) of malathion to
      determine the effect of environmental concentrations of this compound on
      temperature selection. All three factors studied (acclimation temperature, age,
      and concentration) were found to affect the temperature selection response of
      malathion-treated fish. Malathion produced dose-dependent decreases in selected
      temperature (1.9 degrees to 4.3 degrees C below controls) in 17 degrees C
      acclimated fish but not in 8 degrees C-acclimated fish. Two-year-olds treated
      with 1.0 microgram/L displayed the greatest lowering of selected temperature,
      followed by two-year-olds treated with 0.25 micrgram/L. One-year-olds treated
      with 1.0 microgram/L showed a slight lowering, while no downward shifts in
      selected temperature were found for young-of-the-year. Exposure to 0.05
      microgram/L had no effect on any age group. Two-year-olds acclimated to 17
      degrees C and exposed to 1.0 microgram/L malathion for 24 hr were placed in clean
      water and allowed to recover from the pesticide. It was found that the lowered
      selected temperature induced by malathion returned to that of the controls in 24
      hr.

PMID- 677945
TI  - Distribution and elimination of naphthalene and 2-methylnaphthalene in rainbow
      trout during short- and long-term exposures.
AB  - The accumulation and elimination of 14C in rainbow trout tissues following short-
      and long-term exposures to aqueous 14C-naphthalene or 14C-2-methylnaphthalene
      were studied. After exposure for eight hr to 0.005 mg/L or 0.023 mg/L of 14C
      naphthalene most tissues of fingerling rainbow trout studied contained 14C at 20
      to 100 times the water levels while fat and bile contained 14C at several hundred
      times water levels. The half-lives for elimination of 14C from all tissues except
      fat were less than 24 hr. Exposure of fingerling rainbow trout to 14C-naphthalene
      or 14C-2-methylnaphthalene for four weeks in a continuous-flow delivery system
      resulted in maximum tissue levels of these chemicals of from 40 to 300 times the
      water concentration. Maximum bile 14C levels were 13,000 and 23,500 times the
      water concentration for 14C-naphthalene and 14C-2-methylnaphthalene exposure,
      respectively. Elimination of 14C accumulated from 14C-naphthalene in this long
      term exposure was much slower than after short-term exposures, while elimination
      of 14C accumulated from 14C-2-methylnaphthalene was biphasic. The presence of
      parent compounds and metabolites in acetone extracts of muscles was determined by
      TLC. The data suggest that the biphasic release of 14C from muscle of trout
      exposed to 14C-2-methylnaphthalene may be due to differential elimination of
      parent compound and metabolites.

PMID- 677946
TI  - Residues of atrazine and N-deethylated atrazine in water from five agricultural
      watersheds in Quebec.
AB  - Atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine) and N-deethylated
      atrazine (2-chloro-4-amino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine) were monitored (1974 and
      1975) in five rivers which drained agricultural areas in the Yamaska river basin
      of Quebec. Water samples were collected frequently from April to December each
      year from sites near the outflow of each river. The water samples were extracted
      with benzene, chloroform, or ethyl acetate and the extracts were analyzed by gas
      chromatography using a Hall electrolytic conductivity detector and an alkali
      flame detector. Atrazine and N-deethylated atrazine residues ranged in
      concentration from 0.01 to 26.6 microgram/L and less than 0.01 to 1.34
      microgram/L, respectively, over the monitoring period. The highest levels of
      atrazine were observed in July each year and they coincided with the herbicide
      spraying season in this region and with occasional heavy rainfall events.
      Discharges (kg/yr) of atrazine from the five rivers were related to corn-growing
      area in each watershed. Losses of atrazine ranged from 0.1 to 2.9% of the
      atrazine that was estimated to have been applied in each watershed.

PMID- 677947
TI  - The accumulation of low molecular weight aromatic hydrocarbons of crude oil by
      coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus).

PMID- 677948
TI  - Dieldrin-14C elimination from turkeys.
AB  - A series of experiments were conducted to find ways of removing dieldrin2
      residues from tissues of broiler-type turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo). The turkeys
      were contaminated with dieldrin and dieldrin-14C by oral dosing. Elimination was
      measured by assaying for 14C in the droppings. Carcass retention was measured by
      assaying the tissue for 14C, and in one experiment, dieldrin residues were
      measured by electron capture gas-liquid chromatography. Charcoal, Colestipol, and
      cholestyramine at dosages approximately equal to an intake of 5% of the diet were
      ineffective gastrointestinal adsorbants for removing dieldrin residues from the
      turkeys. Starvation accelerated the elimination of dieldrin from the turkeys, but
      only if the body lipids were reduced to approximately 10% or less of the carcass
      dry matter.

PMID- 677949
TI  - Annales de la Societe Belge de Medecine Tropicale.

PMID- 677950
TI  - Studies on Schistosoma intercalatum Fisher, 1934 and its intermediate snail host
      in the Kisangani area, Zaire.

PMID- 677951
TI  - [Influence of acculturation on the nutritional status in Peruvian Amazon
      country].

PMID- 677952
TI  - [Special program for research and training in tropical diseases].

PMID- 677953
TI  - [Formal genetics of a locus of esterase isoenzymes in Aedes polynesiensis Marks].

PMID- 677954
TI  - Congenital transmission of Trypanosoma gambiense.

PMID- 677955
TI  - Sex distribution of thyroxine blood levels in Rwandese newborns.

PMID- 677956
TI  - Relationship between theophylline-induced relaxation and excitation-contraction
      coupling in intestinal smooth muscle.
AB  - The effects of 1.0 to 10.0 mM theophylline on excitation-contraction (E-C)
      coupling in the taenia coli of the guinea-pig were observed with the sucrose-gap
      technique. Theophylline at all concentrations simultaneously inhibited
      spontaneous, calcium-dependent action potentials and muscle contractions. At the
      higher doses, theophylline depolarized the membrane in spontaneously active
      preparations. In the presence of high potassium (60 mM) the spike activity was
      blocked only by 10.0 mM theophylline. High potassium made the spikes more
      resistant to the drug than were those in spontaneously active preparations. The
      phasic and tonic components of the potassium-contracture were progressively
      decreased by increasing concentrations of theophylline and were completely
      blocked by the 10.0 mM concentration. The drug had no effect on the potassium
      induced membrane depolarization observed during the potassium-contracture. On the
      basis of these observations, it is proposed that theophylline inhibits spike and
      contractile activity in taenia coli by interfering with the availability of
      calcium which has been postulated to be necessary for maintenance of these
      functions.

PMID- 677957
TI  - An analysis of action of nicotinic agents on adrenergic nerve terminals in rat
      isolated vas deferens.
AB  - Nicotine and DMPP caused contraction of rat isolated vas deferens. The
      contractile response was antagonized by hexamethonium, phenoxybenzamine,
      phentolamine, guanethidine and bretylium, but not by atropine. The response was
      absent in tissues depleted of their norepinephrine content. Nicotine enhanced the
      outflow of tritium from tissues preloaded with 3H-norepinephrine. Only 50% of the
      nicotine-induced tritium outflow was due to unchanged norpinephrine, the rest
      were due to five metabolites of norepinephrine, chiefly glycol derivatives. As
      tissues, at the time of exposure to nicotine contained almost all of the tritium
      in the form of unchanged norepinephrine, it is likely that norepinephrine, only
      after being released from storage sites by nicotine was acted upon by the
      catabolizing enzymes to form various metabolites. Desensitization and cross
      desensitization phenomena were observed to both nicotine and DMPP. The tissues
      desensitized to nicotine were, however, responsive to norepinephrine, tyramine
      and transmural stimulation.

PMID- 677958
TI  - Effects of prostaglandins on avidin induction in the chick oviduct.
AB  - Effects of exogenous prostaglandins (PGs) on avidin synthesis in the oviduct were
      studied in immature diethylstilboestrol-treated chicks. Among eight tested PGs
      only PGF-2alpha was effective when injected directly into the oviduct, but
      intraperitoneal and intravenous administration also caused avidin induction. 1 ng
      of PGF-2alpha/100 g B.W. injected into the oviduct caused avidin synthesis. The
      effect of PGF-2alpha on avidin induction occurred as early as 3 hr after
      intraoviductal administration. This study provides an additional evidence for the
      hypothesis that PGF-2alpha may be involved in the mechanism of avidin induction
      in the chick oviduct.

PMID- 677959
TI  - Oxotremorine neuromuscular blockade: effects of calcium and neostigmine and
      interactions with D-tubocurarine and decamethonium.
AB  - The neuromuscular blocking effect of oxotremorine (OT) on the indirectly
      stimulated rat diaphragm preparation was compared with that of d-tubocurarine
      (TC) and decamethonium (C10). Approximate equieffective concentrations of these
      compounds were 20 micrometer for OT, 1.8 micrometer for TC, and 75 micrometer for
      C10. Increasing the Ca2+ concentration by 1 mM reduced the rate of onset of OT
      and C10 blockades whereas TC blockade was almost completely reversed. Neostigmine
      (NEO) antagonized TC blockade while OT and C10 blockades were enhanced. A
      facilitatory after-effect of NEO was suppressed in preparations previously
      exposed to OT but not in those previously exposed to TC or C10. C10 transitorily
      antagonized TC blockade but not OT blockade. OT did not antagonize TC blockade. A
      subreceptor effect may be involved in the action of OT and may explain its
      differences when compared to C10.

PMID- 677960
TI  - Paralytic action of manganese in the dog.
AB  - Manganese is reported to interfere with transmitter release at a number of
      neuroeffector junctions. This effect is apparently related to competition between
      manganese and calcium for sites on the prejunctional terminals. Thus manganese
      can block the entry of calcium into the prejunctional terminals, an essential
      step in the excitation-secretion process. 5-Hydroxytryptamine, epinephrine,
      neostigmine, potassium chloride and calcium chloride have been investigated with
      respect to antagonism to partial paralysis induced with manganese chloride in
      canine peronealtibialis anterior, nerve-muscle preparations. Close intra-arterial
      injection of any of these substances manifested some degree of antagonism to
      manganese partial paralysis. Calcium was found to be the most effective
      antagonist. Post-tetanic facilitation was demonstrated during partial manganese
      block. Manganese was found to be seven times more effective than magnesium in
      producing paralysis.

PMID- 677961
TI  - Effect of pentagastrin on the reactivity of isolated canine blood vessels.

PMID- 677962
TI  - A comparison of the effects of quinetholate, lidocaine and procainamide on
      ouabain-induced ventricular tachycardia and cardiac function.
AB  - The antiarrhythmic effects of the quinoline derivative, quinetholate, on ouabain
      induced tachycardia were compared with those of lidocaine and procainamide in
      dogs. In addition, the effects of these three agents on cardiac function were
      compared. Quabain was injected intravenously until ventricular ectopic beats
      accounted for at least 60% of the heart rate. Then one of the above
      antiarrhythmic agents was infused until sinus rhythm was reestablished for a
      minimum of 3 min or until it became evident that successful reversion would not
      occur. All three agents effectively reversed ouabain-induced ventricular
      tachycardia in most instances. Quinetholate was especially consistent, causing 16
      reversions out of a total of 17 experiments. The relative molar antiarrhythmic
      potencies of the three agents in responding animals were as follows: lidocaine =
      1.0, procainamide = 1.5, and quinetholate = 3.1. Quinetholate caused the longest
      lasting reversions, i.e. usually lasting at least 30 min after infusion was
      stopped. The degree of cardiac depression caused by the three agents at their
      mean effective antiarrhythmic doses was determined using the left ventricular
      function curve method. Lidocaine produced a significant depression of the
      ventricular function curve at the antiarrhythmic dose while procainamide and
      quinetholate did not.

PMID- 677963
TI  - The effect of purine bases and nucleotides on ethanol-induced fatty liver
      syndrome.
AB  - Rats fed a special liquid fat diet had a higher level of liver triglycerides than
      rats fed a normal solid chow diet. The ingestion of ethanol induces a concomitant
      increase in hepatic triglycerides and a depression of ATP levels. Pure adenine
      base administered orally produces a significant reduction of hepatic
      triglycerdies and partially restores ATP levels in the chronic ethanol treated
      rat. Comparable doses of oral ATP are not effective. Pure guanine base and GTP
      failed to inhibit the ethanol-induced fatty liver and ATP depression.

PMID- 677964
TI  - Preservation of cellular integrity as a protective mechanism of dexamethasone in
      hemorrhagic shock in the cat.
AB  - Anesthetized cats were hemorrhaged to a mean arterial blood pressure of 40 mm Hg
      for 120 minutes. Cats given dexamethasone (6 mg/kg, i.v.) at the time of
      hemorrhage and again (3 mg/kg, i.v.) at the time of reinfusion maintained post
      reinfusion arterial blood pressure at a higher level than cats given the steroid
      vehicle. In addition, dexamethasone treated cats exhibited higher post-reinfusion
      liver blood flows than vehicle treated hemorrhaged cats. Dexamethasone
      significantly retarded the rise in plasma cathepsin D and amino-nitrogen
      activities during hemorrhage, and prevented the accumulation of a myocardial
      depressant factor (MDF) in the circulating blood. Dexamethasone had no
      significant effect on isolated cat papillary muscle or aortic strips. It appears
      that dexamethasone exerts its beneficial effect in hemorrhage shock primarily by
      stabilizing lysosomal membranes and the subsequent prevention of proteolysis and
      MDF formation rather than by a direct vasodilator or inotropic effect.

PMID- 677965
TI  - Central therapeutic effects of dihydroderivative of pralidoxime (pro-2-PAM) in
      organophosphate intoxication.
AB  - Central actions of pro-2-PAM (dihydroderivative of 2-PAM) and 2-PAM in poisonings
      with DFP have been studied. It was shown that pro-2-PAM significantly increased
      activity of DFP inhibited acetylcholinesterase in the brain, quickly ceased the
      DFP-induced paralysis of respiration, partially normalized the DFP-induced
      abnormalities in electrocorticogram and increased the convulsive dosis of DFP.
      Effects of 2-PAM in these experiments were negligible.

PMID- 677966
TI  - Comparison of the action of cinnarizine and papaverine.

PMID- 677967
TI  - Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase in the cerebrospinal fluid and central noradrenergic
      activity. A pharmacological approach.

PMID- 677968
TI  - The inhibitory effects of two mineralocorticoids (aldosterone and
      desoxycorticosterone) on the responses of the guinea-pig isolated ileum to
      various agonists.

PMID- 677969
TI  - The inotropic effect of ouabain, ouabagenin and dihydroouabain on the guinea-pig
      atria.

PMID- 677970
TI  - 5-Hydroxytryptamine is not involved in the response of the guinea-pig ileum
      during the Schultz-Dale reaction.

PMID- 677971
TI  - Influence of MAO-inhibitors on deamination of 3H-norepinephrine in the dog's
      saphenous vein.

PMID- 677972
TI  - Influence of skeletal muscle relaxants on the prejunctional effects of
      acetylcholine in adrenergically innervated blood vessels.

PMID- 677973
TI  - A bit of heresy?

PMID- 677974
TI  - Cimetidine. Panacea or placebo?

PMID- 677975
TI  - Routine chest roentgenograms and electrocardiograms. Usefulness in the
      hypertensive workup.
AB  - We reviewed the records of all patients entering the hypertension Clinic in 1974.
      One hundred sixteen met the criteria for hypertension and had a routine chest
      roentgenogram and/or ECG obtained for the evaluation of hypertension, Routine
      chest films and ECGs led to therapeutic or diagnostic interventions in only two
      instances, were not useful as baseline examinations, were never used for
      prognostic purposes, and not once influenced hypertensive management. We conclude
      that the value of routine chest roentgenograms and ECGs cannot be defended on the
      basis of their contribution to the workup of hypertension.

PMID- 677976
TI  - Upper gastrointestinal disease in chronic renal failure. A prospective
      evaluation.
AB  - A prospective study was undertaken to determine the incidence of upper
      gastrointestinal disease in 85 chronic renal failure (CRF) patients on
      hemodialysis. Upper gastrointestinal x-rays were obtained for 83 patients, and
      enlarged gastric and duodenal folds were seen in 12% (10/83) and 42% (35/83) of
      the cases, respectively. Panendoscopy performed on 60 persons revealed gastritis
      in 22% (13/60), nodular duodenitis in 60% (35/60), and esophagitis in 13% (8/60).
      No peptic ulcers were identified either radiologically or endoscopically.
      Pathologic examination of mucosal biopsy specimens demonstrated gastritis in 46%
      (21/46) and duodenitis in 43% (22/51) of patients. A highly significant
      correlation was found between endoscopic and radiologic duodenitis (P less than
      .0001) and also between endoscopic and pathologic duodenitis. We have
      demonstrated a high incidence of mucosal inflammation but not ulcer disease in
      CRF patients. These lesions may predispose these individuals to gastrointestinal
      bleeding following renal transplantation.

PMID- 677977
TI  - Infusion intravenous pyelography and renal function. Effects in patients with
      chronic renal insufficiency.
AB  - Acute renal failure (ARF) following infusion intravenous pyelography (IVP) has
      been reported in patients with chronic renal insufficiency, particularly
      diabetics. Renal function was evaluated before and after infusion IVP in 40
      patients with chronic renal insufficiency. In 11 of 12 (92%) diabetics and 17 of
      28 (61%) nondiabetics, a 25% or greater increase in serum creatinine values
      and/or decrease in creatinine clearance was noted after IVP despite adequate
      hydration in all patients. The maximum decrease in kidney function occurred
      within three days and usually returned to or near pre-IVP levels in seven to ten
      days. At least 70% of the patients had hypertension and/or evidence of vascular
      disease. The data suggest that preexisting vascular disease in the kidney,
      possibly associated with the known vasoconstricting effects of contrast media,
      may be an important factor in the ARF following infusion IVP.

PMID- 677978
TI  - Pharyngeal colonization by gram-negative bacilli in aspiration-prone persons.
AB  - We compared the prevalence of Gram-negative bacilli in the pharyngeal flora of
      two groups of patients with a known predilection for Gram-negative bacillary
      pneumonia (chronic alcoholics and diabetics), two other groups of aspiration
      prone persons with no known predilection for Gram-negative bacillary pneumonia
      (epileptics and narcotic addicts), and normal control subjects. Quantitative
      cultures of saline gargles showed pharyngeal Gram-negative bacilli to be
      significantly (P less than .05) more prevalent among alcoholics (35%) and
      diabetics (36%) but not epileptics (17%) or  addicts (20%) than controls (18%).
      Counts of greater than or equal to 100 Gram-negative bacilli per milliliter were
      also significantly more common in alcoholics (14%) and diabetics (24%) than 
      controls (5%, P less than .05). Enterobacter sp, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and
      Escherichia coli were the most common Gram-negative bacilli isolated. Increased
      colonization by Gram-negative bacilli might be a factor contributing to the
      propensity of alcoholics and diabetics for Gram-negative pneumonia.

PMID- 677979
TI  - Response to corticosteroids in the hypereosinophilic syndrome. Association with
      increased serum IgE levels.
AB  - Severe blood eosinophilia (16,500/cu mm and 6,500/cu mm) accompanied by
      involvement of the lungs, pleura, heart, pericardium, liver, gastrointestinal
      tract, peripheral nerves, or skin developed in two patients with bronchial
      asthma. Associated with the eosinophilia were elevated serum IgE levels (1,400
      IU/ml and 10,500 IU/ml), depressed serum C4 complement levels (13 mg/100 ml and 6
      mg/100 ml), and high titers of rheumatoid factor (1:2560 and 1:640). Symptoms
      improved after treatment with prednisone and the eosinophil counts and serum IgE
      and C4 complement levels returned to normal.

PMID- 677980
TI  - Association between acute pancreatitis and malignant hypertension with renal
      failure.
AB  - Of 42 patients with malignant hypertension seen in five years in our
      institutions, seven (17%) had acute pancreatitis. All patients with pancreatitis
      were black, all had renal failure, and six received dialysis. No particular drug
      was received by all patients, gallstones were excluded in the majority, and
      alcoholism was not a factor. Clinical acute pancreatitis persisted for several
      weeks and five patients died, three of them with pancreatic pseudocyts. Among 259
      patients on long-term hemodialysis programs in the same time period, only two
      additional cases of acute pancreatitis were observed and related to chronic
      alcoholism. Acute pancreatitis is a frequent complication of malignant
      hypertension, and when it happens it is severe and commonly fatal.

PMID- 677981
TI  - Cimetidine. H2-receptor blockade in gastrointestinal disease.
AB  - Cimetidine is an H2-receptor antagonist that is capable of marked suppression of
      gastric acid and pepsin secretion. Patients with active duodenal ulcer disease
      treated with cimetidine show improved rates of healing and symptom relief
      compared with placebo-treated controls. Peptic ulcer and diarrhea of Zollinger
      Ellison syndrome and other acid hypersecretory states respond to cimetidine
      treatment, as may stress ulcers and steatorrhea of patients with pancreatic
      insuffficiency who have a suboptimol response to oral pancreatin. Effectiveness
      with gastric ulcer has been less convincing than with duodenal ulcer. In duodenal
      ulcer disease, cimetidine need not replace less expensive antacid therapy in most
      cases and is unlikely to replace definitive surgery for suitable candidates.

PMID- 677982
TI  - Tardive dyskinesia.

PMID- 677983
TI  - Acute interstitial nephritis associated with carbenicillin therapy.
AB  - Although acute interstitial nephritis has been documented during therapy with
      many antibiotics of the penicillin class, it has not previously been reported in
      association with carbenicillin therapy. We report here the case of a patient who
      developed the characteristic clinical features of this form of injury while
      receiving prolonged large doses of carbenicillin. Histologic examination
      confirmed the presence of a striking interstitial nephritis. Carbenicillin should
      be considered a potential cause of renal damage in patients who develop rash,
      eosinophilia, and microscopic hematuria in association with deterioration of
      renal function.

PMID- 677984
TI  - Chronic renal insufficiency from cortical necrosis induced by arsenic poisoning.
AB  - A 39-year-old man had anuria and azotemia and was found to be suffering from
      acute arsenic poisoning. After two peritoneal dialyses, partial renal function
      returned, and the patient has survived for five years without dialysis. Renal
      cortical necrosis was demonstrated by renal biopsy and renal calcification. We
      suggest that arsenic be added to the list of substances capable of causing renal
      cortical necrosis and recommend consideration of this complication in cases of
      arsenical poisoning.

PMID- 677985
TI  - Partial hypopituitarism following septic peritonitis with shock.
AB  - A 46-year-old man had a prolonged septic peritonitis with shock that resulted
      from a perforated appendix at the age of 29, followed, six months later, by the
      gradual development of partial hypopituitarism. Radiographic studies, including a
      pneumoencephalogram, did not reveal any evidence of sellar or surprasellar
      masses. Endocrine studies revealed growth hormone and gonadotropic deficiency and
      possible adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency and possible adrenocorticotropic
      hormone deficiency. The nature of the disease course yielded much speculation in
      regard to pathogenesis of the condition.

PMID- 677986
TI  - Evidence for a hypothalamic defect in septo-optic dysplasia.
AB  - A 21-year-old man demonstrated septo-optic dysplasia. Optic and retinal colobomas
      were present and panhypopituitarism was documented. Releasing hormone studies
      showed partial luteinizing hormone (LH) response and no follicle-stimulating
      hormone response to administration of gonadorelin (LH-releasing hormone); thyroid
      stimulating hormone (TSH) and prolactin levels were increased normally after
      administration of protirelin (thyrotropin-releasing hormone). The LH, TSH, and 
      prolactin responses are believed to be evidence of intact pituitary function and
      suggest that a hypothalamic defect accounts for the hypopituitarism.

PMID- 677987
TI  - Renal artery stenosis and polycystic kidney disease.
AB  - A patient had unilateral renal artery stenosis and, at the same time, bilateral
      polycystic kidney disease. The renal venous renin ratio of 151:40, together with
      a high peripheral plasma renin activity, indicated that the hypertension was
      partially caused by renopressor mechanism. Correction of the obstructive lesion
      permitted a better control of hypertension with antihypertensive drugs, and the
      peripheral and renal venous renin activity returned to normal. The success in
      detecting one pathogenic mechanism responsible for arterial hypertension should
      not deter further diagnostic efforts.

PMID- 677988
TI  - Familial myopathy. Exacerbation by hypokalemia associated with colonic polyp.
AB  - A patient with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease developed profuse mucinous diarrhea
      and severe potassium depletion. After two weeks, her muscle weakness grew worse,
      rhabdomyolysis occurred, and kaliopenic nephropathy was suspected. The patient's
      diarrhea ended abruptly after a single tubular adenomatous polyp was removed from
      her colon. Her metabolic status became normal and remained normal six weeks after
      transcolonic polypectomy.

PMID- 677989
TI  - Hypophosphatemia in thyrotoxic periodic paralysis.
AB  - A patient with thyrotoxicosis from Graves' disease had concomitant muscular
      paralysis, hypophosphatemia, and severe hypokalemia. The parallel depression and
      return to normal of these electrolyte abnormalities and his neurologic status
      suggested that cellular ion influx was related to the paralysis.

PMID- 677990
TI  - Aortic atherosclerosis in Laennec's cirrhosis. A comparative study using a
      planimeter.
AB  - A postmortem comparison of atherosclerotic lesions of the aorta was made between
      107 cirrhotic and 168 control subjects with mean ages of 61 and 64, respectively.
      The cause of death in 93 of the control subjects was malignant neoplasms.
      Individuals with a history of hypercholesterolemia, diabetes, hypertension,
      ischemic arterial disease, cerebral vascular accidents, or myocardial infarction
      were eliminated from this study. The entire aorta was removed during necropsy,
      and the ratio between the total aortic surface and the surface areas of fibrous,
      calcified, and ulcerated lesions was determined, using a planimeter. Statistical
      analysis disclosed no difference between the cirrhotic or control groups in
      either the extent or type of atherosclerotic lesions.

PMID- 677991
TI  - Ectopic parathyroid hormone syndrome. Occurrence in a case undifferentiated
      lymphoma with bone marrow involvement.
AB  - A patient with hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia, and an undifferentiated lymphoma
      involving only the bone marrow was treated by us. The finding of an elevated
      serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) level in the presence of normal parathyroid
      glands and increased metabolic bone activity on bone biopsy suggests an ectopic
      PTH syndrome. To our knowledge, no previous case of ectopic PTH syndrome
      associated with a lymphoma with bone marrow involvement only has been reported.

PMID- 677992
TI  - Longitudinal nail banding associated with breast carcinoma unrelated to
      chemotherapy.

PMID- 677993
TI  - Generalized lipodystrophy, scleroderma, and Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 677994
TI  - Occupational health service.

PMID- 677995
TI  - Cough.

PMID- 677996
TI  - [Tolerance of the fetus with congenital anemia to induced uterine contractions].
AB  - A study of the fetal cardiac rate was made during uterine contractility induced
      by Pose's test in a group of 22 isoimmunized women carrying fetuses with variable
      degrees of hemolytic anemia. A high percentage of "positive tests" and other
      alterations in the fetal cardiac rate recordings were found. The risks of
      delivery and the need to examine the clinical value of different anomalies in the
      fetal cardiac rate are noted.

PMID- 677997
TI  - Ultrastructural basis of blood-synovial barrier--results with five electron
      opaque tracers.

PMID- 677998
TI  - An experimental study of the role of the vagus nerve in the pathogenesis of the
      dumping syndrome--hemodynamic aspects in the microcirculation of the intestine.

PMID- 677999
TI  - Fundamental investigations on local chemotherapy for liver cancer.

PMID- 678000
TI  - [An experimental study on extracranial-intracranial arterial anastomosis--an
      anastomosis between the external ethmoidal artery and the middle cerebral artery
      in the dog (author's transl)].

PMID- 678001
TI  - Surgical treatment of Ebstein's anomaly.

PMID- 678002
TI  - [Lumbar myelography with water-soluble contrast media (methylglucamine iocarmate)
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 678003
TI  - Successful resection and replacement of an aneurysm involving entire transverse
      aortic arch combined with left penumonectomy.

PMID- 678004
TI  - [A case of atypical suicide through a throat cut].

PMID- 678005
TI  - [Comparative studies of lubricanting fats using infrared spectroscopy and
      emission spectrum analysis].

PMID- 678006
TI  - [Additional contributions on the identification of microtraces of cosmetics using
      neutron activation analysis].

PMID- 678007
TI  - [Accident or planned self mutilation? Probability of accidental injuries during
      chopping].
AB  - The results of 200 chopping experiments with a big axe and a smaller cleaver on
      two different chopping-block levels were presented. Objects were beech-billets
      with relatively big cross-section areas. In 66 per cent of all experiments the
      holding hand was put partially or completely upon the surface of the billet, in a
      principally endangering position. The lateral deviations from the intended impact
      place were in 62 per cent not more than +/- 1.5 cm; 7.5 per cent hit closer to
      the holding hand, in the utmost case 3.7 cm, the angle with the aspired sagittal
      impact plane in most cases not transgressing 5 degrees in the direction of the
      holding hand and never more than 15 degrees. It can be deduced, that unwilled
      forefinger injuries from axe stroke are not to be expected on the base phalanx
      very probably; those in a right angle to the finger axis are not possible,
      however. For the thumb these rules do not hold in like manner.

PMID- 678008
TI  - [Differentiation between the subgroups A-1 and A-2 on blood stains].

PMID- 678009
TI  - Utilization and cooxidation of chlorinated phenols by Pseudomonas sp. B 13.
AB  - Pseudomonas sp. B13 was grown in continuous culture on 4-chlorophenol as the only
      carbon source. Maximum growth rate of 0.4 h(-1) was observed at a substrate
      concentration of greater than 0.01 mM and less than 0.15 mM. In addition to the
      enzymes of phenol catabolism, high specific 1,2-dioxygenase activities with
      chlorocatechols as substrates were found. The isomeric monochlorinated phenols
      were also totally degraded by 4-chlorophenol grown cells. (+)-2,5-Dihydro-4
      methyl- and (+)-2,5-dihydro-2-methyl-5-oxo-furan-2-acetic acid were formed in
      high yield as dead-end catabolites from cooxidation of cresoles. Several
      dichlorophenols except 2,6-dichlorophenol were removed from the culture fluid by
      chlorophenol grown cells. Ring cleavage of chlorinated catechols were shown to be
      one of the critical steps in chlorophenol catabolism. A catabolic pathway for
      isomeric chlorophenols is discussed.

PMID- 678010
TI  - L-Aspartate fermentation by a free-living Campylobacter species.
AB  - In the fermentation of L-aspartate by a free-living Campylobacter spec., the
      products formed were acetate, succinate, carbon dioxide and ammonia. The
      oxidative part of the fermentation pathway yielded acetate, succinate, carbon
      dioxide and ammonia, and the reductive part gave rise to the formation of
      succinate and ammonia. When grown anaerobically with aspartate, cells contained
      cytochromes b and c as well as menaquinone. Reduced cytochrome b, but not reduced
      cytochrome c could be reoxidized by fumarate. In the presence of nitrate, 90% of
      the available electrons were transferred to nitrate, which was reduced to
      nitrite; the remainder was transported via the fumarate reductase system. Cells
      grown with aspartate and excess of formate converted aspartate quantitatively to
      succinate.

PMID- 678011
TI  - Regulatory properties of the nitrogenase from Rhodopseudomonas palustris.
AB  - Ammonium salts, glutamine, asparagine, and urea cause an immediate inactivation
      (switch-off) of light-dependent acetylene reduction in intact cells of the
      photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris. This effect is reversible
      showing the same kinetic pattern of inactivation and reactivation with all
      effector compounds. Its duration depends on the amount of effector added to the
      cells. Both nitrogenase components are found catalytically active in a cell-free
      preparation after enzyme switch-off in vivo. Involvement of the ammonia
      assimilating system in this regulatory mechanism is indicated by the following
      observations: ammonia uptake during the switch-off period, resumption of
      acetylene reduction after disappearance of ammonia from the outer medium, and
      persistence of enzyme switch-off with dihydrogen and thiosulfate as electron
      donors in the absence of an additional carbon source. Nitrogenase activity in
      crude extracts is non-linear with time and is stimulated by manganese ions. After
      resolution of nitrogenase into its MoFe--protein and Fe--protein these properties
      are lost, indicating the presence of an activating factor. Nitrogenase of R.
      palustris cross reacts reciprocally with the complementary proteins of
      Azotobacter vinelandii, but not with those of Clostridium pasteurianum.

PMID- 678012
TI  - Acetate assimilation and the synthesis of alanine, aspartate and glutamate in
      Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum.
AB  - Cultures of the autotrophic bacterium Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum were
      shown to assimilate acetate when grown on CO2 and H2 in the presence of acetate.
      At 1 mM acetate 10% of the cell carbon came from acetate, the rest from CO2. At
      higher concentrations the percentage increased to reach a maximum of 65% at
      acetate concentrations higher than 20 mM. The data suggest that acetate may be an
      important carbon source under physiological conditions. The incorporation of
      acetate into alanine, aspartate and glutamate was studied in more detail. The
      cells were grown on CO2 and H2 in the presence of 1 mM U-14C-acetate. The three
      amino acids were isolated from the labelled cells by a simplified procedure.
      Alanine, aspartate and glutamate were found to have the same specific
      radioactivity. Degradation studies showed that C1 of alanine, C1 and C4 of
      aspartate, and C1 and C5 of glutamate were exclusively derived from CO2, whereas
      C2 and C3 of alanine and aspartate, and C3 and C4 of glutamate were partially
      derived from acetate. These findings and the presence of pyruvate synthase,
      phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and alpha-ketoglutarate synthase in M.
      thermoautotrophicum indicate that CO2 is assimilated into the three amino acids
      via acetyl CoA carboxylation to pyruvate, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylation to
      oxaloacetate, and succinyl CoA carboxylation to alpha-ketoglutarate.

PMID- 678013
TI  - Degradation of microbodies in relation to activities of alcohol oxidase and
      catalase in Candida boidinii.
AB  - Degradation of microbodies in the methanol-utilizing yeast Candida boidinii was
      mainly studied by electron microscopical observation. The yeast cells precultured
      on methanol medium contained five to six  microbodies per section and showed high
      activities of alcohol oxidase, catalase, formaldehyde dehydrogenase and formate
      dehydrogenase. When the precultured cells were transferred into an ethanol medium
      the number of microbodies and concomitantly the activities of alcohol oxidase and
      catalase decreased. After 6 h of cultivation microbodies were hardly detected.
      Also the activity of alcohol oxidase was not measurable and catalase activity was
      reduced to one tenth, whereas the activities of formaldehyde dehydrogenase and
      formate dehydrogenase decreased only to about 70%. Experiments with methanol
      grown cells transferred into an ethanol medium without nitrogen source indicated
      that the inactivation of alcohol oxidase and catalase does not require protein
      synthesis. However, the reappearance of these enzymes is presumably due to de
      novo protein synthesis as shown by experiments with cycloheximide.

PMID- 678014
TI  - Inhibition of methanogenesis by sulphate reducing bacteria competing for
      transferred hydrogen.
AB  - A methanogenic bacterial consortium was obtained after inoculation of benzoate
      medium under N2/CO2 atmosphere with intertidal sediment. A hydrogen donating
      organotroph and Methanococcus mazei were isolated from this enrichment. H2
      utilising sulphate reducing bacteria were isolated under H2/CO2 in the absence of
      organic electron donors. The Methanococcus was able to produce methane in yeast
      extract medium under N2/CO2 if the H2 donating organism was present, and sulphate
      reduction occurred if the hydrogen utilising sulphate reducing bacteria were
      grown with the H2 donating organism. The ability of the H2 utilising sulphate
      reducing bacteria to inhibit Methanococcus competitively was shown in clutures
      containing both of these H2 utilising bacteria.

PMID- 678015
TI  - Hydrogen as a substrate for methanogenesis and sulphate reduction in anaerobic
      saltmarsh sediment.
AB  - Hydrogen gas stimulated sulphate reduction in a saltmarsh sediment and the
      importance of H2 transferred from organotrophic bacteria to the sulphate-reducers
      is discussed. beta-fluorolactate inhibited sulphate reduction whether lactate,
      ethanol or hydrogen was being used as growth substrate. When added to sediment
      beta-fluorolactate inhibited sulphate reduction with a consequent increase in
      methane production. Addition of H2 stimulated methanogenesis in sediment and this
      stimulation was greater if CO2 was also present. Hydrogen availability was the
      primary limitation of methanogenesis but the low concentration of dissolved CO2
      in seawater may limit methane production even if H2 is available. The removal of
      inhibition of methanogenesis by the use of fluorolactate to suppress sulphate
      reduction or by the provision of hydrogen indicates competitive inhibition of
      methanogens by sulphate reducers utilizing transferred hydrogen.

PMID- 678016
TI  - The role of enoyl-coa hydratase in the metabolism of isoleucine by Pseudomonas
      putida.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to determine if the enoyl coenzyme A
      hydratase formed by Pseudomonas putida during growth on isoleucine was a unique
      enzyme specific for isoleucine metabolism. The highest levels of the hydratase
      were formed during growth on isoleucine intermediates and the lowest levels
      during growth on glutamate and glucose. Data from growth experiments revealed
      that 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl coenzyme A hydratase, an enzyme unique to
      isoleucine metabolism and enoyl coenzyme A hydratase were coordinately induced,
      but that 3-hydroxyacyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase was under separate control. The
      hydratase was purified 180-fold from isoleucine cells, and its physical and
      catalytic properties reported. The highest activity was with crotonyl coenzyme
      A,Vmax = 1100 x 10(3) moles/min mole enzyme, next was tiglyl coenzyme A, Vmax =
      61 x 10(3) moles/min mole enzyme, and last was 3-methyl-crotonyl coenzyme A, Vmax
      = 2.3 x 10(3) moles/min mole enzyme. Enzyme purified from butyrate cells had the
      same elution patterns during column chromatography and catalytic properties as
      the enzyme from isoleucine cells. These data support the conclusion that a single
      enzyme in P. putida is responsible for the hydration of both tiglyl coenzyme A
      and crotonyl coenzyme A.

PMID- 678017
TI  - Growth of a photosynthetic bacterium anaerobically in darkness, supported by
      "oxidant-dependent" sugar fermentation.
AB  - Rhodopseudomonas capsulata can obtain energy for growth from light
      (anaerobically) and can also grow heterotrophically in darkness using alternative
      energy conversion modes, namely, aerobic respiration or an unusual type of
      anaerobic catabolism of sugars. Dark anaerobic growth with fructose as sole
      carbon and energy source is dependent on the presence of an "accessory" oxidant
      such as trimethylamine-N-oxide, is accompanied by production of lactate and other
      classical fermentation products, and yields cells with a high content of
      photosynthetic pigments and polyhydroxybutyrate.

PMID- 678018
TI  - Mutants of Alcaligenes eutrophus defective in autotrophic metabolism.
AB  - Forty-four mutants of Alcaligenes eutrophus H 16 were isolated which grew poorly
      or not at all under autotrophic conditions. Four types were characterized with
      respect to their defects and their physiological properties. One mutant lacked
      both enzymes specific for autotrophic CO2 fixation, another one lacked both
      hydrogenases, and two mutants lacked either the membrane-bound or the soluble
      hydrogenase. Comparing the results of studies on these mutant types, the
      following conclusions were drawn: the lack of each hydrogenase enzyme could be
      partially compensated by the other one; the lack of membrane-bound hydrogenase
      did not affect autotrophic growth, whereas the lack of the soluble hydrogenase
      resulted in a decreased autotrophic growth rate. When pyruvate as well as
      hydrogen were supplied to the wild-type, the cell yield was higher than in the
      presence of pyruvate alone. Mutant experiments under these conditions indicated
      that either of both hydrogenases was able to add to the energy supply of the
      cell. Only the soluble hydrogenase was involved in the control of the rate of
      hydrogen oxidation by carbon dioxide; the mutant lacking this enzyme did not
      respond to the presence or absence of CO2. The suppression of growth on fructose
      by hydrogen could be mediated by either of both hydrogenases alone.

PMID- 678019
TI  - Fungal transformation of naphthalene.
AB  - Eighty-six species of fungi belonging to sixty-four genera were examined for
      their ability to metabolize naphthalene. Analysis by thin-layer and high pressure
      liquid chromatography revealed that naphthalene metabolism occurred in forty
      seven species belonging to thirty-four genera from the major fungal taxa. All
      organisms tested from the order Mucorales oxidized naphthalene with species of
      Cunninghamella, Syncephalastrum and Mucor showing the greatest activity.
      Significant metabolism was also observed with Neurospora crassa, Claviceps
      paspali and four species of Psilocybe. The predominant metabolite formed by most
      organisms was 1-naphthol. Other products identified were, 4-hydroxy-1-tetralone,
      trans-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2-dihydronaphthalene, 2-naphthol, 1,2-and 1,4
      naphthoquinone.

PMID- 678020
TI  - The pathway of formation of acetate and succinate from pyruvate by Bacteroides
      succinogenes.
AB  - Bacteroides succinogenes produces acetate and succinate as major products of
      carbohydrate fermentation. An investigation of the enzymes involved indicated
      that pyruvate is oxidized by a flavin-dependent pyruvate cleavage enzyme to
      acetyl-CoA and CO2. Active CO2 exchange is associated with the pyruvate oxidation
      system. Reduction of flavin nucleotides is CoASH-dependent and does not require
      ferredoxin. Acetyl-CoA is further metabolized via acetyl phosphate to acetate and
      ATP. Reduced flavin nucleotide is used to reduce fumarate to succinate by a
      particulate flavin-specific fumarate reductase reaction which may involve
      cytochrome b. Phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) is carboxylated to oxalacetate by a GDP-
      specific PEP carboxykinase. Oxalacetate, in turn, is converted to malate by a
      pyridine nucleotide-dependent malate dehydrogenase. The organism has a NAD
      dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. The data suggest that reduced
      pyridine nucleotides generated during glycolysis are oxidized in malate formation
      and that the electrons generated during pyruvate oxidation are used to reduce
      fumarate to succinate.

PMID- 678021
TI  - Development of crystalline peroxisomes in methanol-grown cells of the yeast
      Hansenula polymorpha and its relation to environmental conditions.

PMID- 678022
TI  - Volatile acid production from threonine, valine, leucine and isoleucine by
      clostridia.

PMID- 678023
TI  - Deoxyribonucleic acid reassociation in the classification of coagulase-positive
      staphylococci.
AB  - DNA-DNA reassociation studies were performed with coagulase-positive
      staphylococci belonging to the biotypes A, B, C, D, E and F. These studies
      present genetic evidence for the existence of at least two distinct species
      within this group of organisms. The common Staphylococcus aureus strains were
      represented by organisms from biotypes A to D, and their DNA revealed over 80%
      nucleotide sequence homology under restrictive conditions. Less than 15% DNA
      homology was detected between strains from biotypes A to D (S. aureus) and those
      from biotypes E and F. The DNA of organisms from either the biotypes E or F
      displayed over 70% homology. Together, both biotypes are considered to represent
      the species S. intermedius. However, DNA homology values dropped to 50--65%
      between strains from different biotypes. This may justify the separation of S.
      intermedius biotypes E and F on a subspecies level.

PMID- 678024
TI  - A comparative analysis of extreme thermophilic bacteria belonging to the genus
      Thermus.
AB  - Several extreme thermophilic Gram negative bacteria found in a thermally polluted
      river in Belgium have been compared with Thermus strains isolated from widely
      distant geographical areas. This analysis has become possible after the design of
      a new culture medium (162). All strains examined (including the isolate
      successively denominated Flavobacterium thermophilum and Thermus thermophilus)
      were found to be morphologically identical with strain YT-1 of Thermus aquaticus.
      The cells are immotile, rod-like, strictly aerobic, catalase and oxidase
      positive. They produce amylase, hydrolyze gelatin and are confirmed to be highly
      sensitive towards penicillin. The nutritional pattern of all strains has been
      analysed extensively, by testing a broad spectrum of possible substrates. The
      strains display a uniform response to the microbiological tests applied and most
      probably belong to the same species: Thermus aquaticus.

PMID- 678025
TI  - [Pedology, pedopathology and pediatrics: medical contribution to biological
      research in school environment].

PMID- 678026
TI  - [A 3d type of measles encephalitis?].

PMID- 678027
TI  - [Severe hyperthermia in children].
AB  - In some children severe hyperthermia may be the result of fever that causes
      cellular damage. This can be seen histologically as cell necrosis. When
      hyperthermia occurs with collapse or with neurological symptoms it should lead to
      a search for other lesions (renal, hepatic and/or coagulation disorders).
      Treatment of these conditions may, in some cases, lead to improvement. Simple
      prophylactic measures and close supervision of febrile children should prevent
      this serious syndrome.

PMID- 678028
TI  - [Late diagnosis of cystinosis in 2 brothers: histological and ultrastructural
      renal study].
AB  - Cystinosis was discovered by chance in two adolescent boys who had proteinuria
      with minor tubular abnormalities. Renal biopsies were examined by light
      microscopy, electron microscopy and immunofluorescence. There were few
      histological changes but crystals were present in the epithelial cells of the
      glomerulus and occasionally in the tubules. A further unusual feature was the
      detection of IgA deposits in the mesangium.

PMID- 678029
TI  - [Electroencephalographic approach to lateralization in children].
AB  - Electroencephalograms were recorded in 76 normal children between 10-12 years of
      age and several parameters were calculated from the results of spectral analysis.
      Sections of recordings which were free of artefacts, taken under different
      conditions (eyes open, eyes closed and during tests of mental arithmetic and
      vocabulary with the eyes closed were analysed. In these normal children, there
      was significant asymmetry of the alpha 1, beta 1, theta rhythms, and related
      parameters at rest, but the asymmetry was not necessarily found to correlate with
      the laterality of hand, eye, foot or all three. Vocabulary, and to a greater
      extent arithmetic significantly decreased alpha rhythms. Arithmetic affected both
      hemispheres equally but vocabulary depressed the alpha rhythms more obviously on
      the left.

PMID- 678030
TI  - [A new family with mutation of the structural gene of human ornithine
      carbamoyltransferase].
AB  - Studies of a child with hyperammonemia have demonstrated a deficiency in OCTase.
      The kinetic properties of the enzyme were studied and it could be shown that we
      have to deal with a new mutation which is different from the ones previously
      known. It is a mutation of the structural gene. The detection of a heterozygote
      is possible when the urinary orotic acid excretion is studied after a loading
      meal (2g of proteines per kilo of weight). A child with hyperammonaemia due to
      ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency is described. A new structural gene
      mutation is probable because the kinetic properties of the enzyme are different
      to previously described variants. The heterozygote could be detected by the
      measurement of the excretion of orotic acid in the urine following a protein load
      of 2 g/Kg.

PMID- 678031
TI  - [Disseminated osseous angiomatosis in children].
AB  - The authors review 54 cases of diffuse bone angiomatosis (one new case and 53
      from the literature) and describe the major clinical, radiological and anatomical
      features. The difficulties of distinguishing between haemagiomata and
      lymphangiomata are emphasised. The diagnosis is often helped by the presence of
      visceral or cutaneous lesions and when such lesions are found, a skeletal survey
      should always be done. These conditions, which may be classified under the
      general heading of angiodysplasias of bone, are hamartomata and must be
      distinguished from other bone lesions of vascular origin.

PMID- 678032
TI  - [Measurements of the sella turcica in idiopathic hypophyseal nanism].
AB  - The size of the sella turcica was measured in 66 cases of so-called idiopathic
      hypopituitary dwarfism, and compared to Silverman's standards. In 55 % of
      patients the sella was abnormally small for age, and in 45 % abnormally small for
      height. No significant differences were found from male to female patients nor
      from isolated somatotropic deficiencies to multiple tropic hormones deficiencies.

PMID- 678033
TI  - [Malignant adrenal carcinoma with metastases: exeresis and treatment with op'DD
      followed by cure].
AB  - A 6 years old child with a malignant adrenal tumour with metastasis was treated
      with radical surgery followed by long term therapy with op'DDD. After a 12 year
      follow up without recurrence it is likely that the child has been cured.

PMID- 678034
TI  - [Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome: case report].
AB  - The muco-cutaneous lymphonode syndrome affecting babies and infants has recently
      been described in Japan. The children present with sub-maxilliary glands, fever
      and a characteristic desquamating rash. It is important to make the diagnosis
      because of the rare but dangerous cardiac complications. The aetiology is unknown
      but the condition may be related to infantile polyarteritis nodosa.

PMID- 678035
TI  - [Cerebral trauma - psychological trauma? Study of 47 children with
      medulloblastoma and their follow-up].
AB  - 47 Children with medulloblastoma who were treated between 1954 and 1974 were
      studied. The parents and children were interviewed regularly with their medical
      attendants to estimate the contribution of the organic disease, the psychological
      factors and the environment on their intellectual performance and their
      personalities. In the assessment, allowance was made for their age, clinical
      history, and social and scholastic background. The analysis helped in the choice
      of the most appropriate psychological support. The difficulties of social re
      adjustment cannot be solely due to the brain tumour or its sequelae. The parents
      have to forget their idealised image of their child, who never existed and who
      never will, so that they can give the child a new start and enjoy life without
      fear of death. In this distressing exercise, the extent of the emotional trauma
      becomes obvious.

PMID- 678036
TI  - [Round-table of the Association Francaise d'Ophtalmopediatrie, Paris, 14 October
      1977: Early detection of strabismus and functional amblyopia].

PMID- 678037
TI  - A diagnostic interview: the schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia.
AB  - The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (SADS) was developed to
      reduce information variance in both the descriptive and diagnostic evaluation of
      a subject. The SADS is unique among rating scales in that it provides for (1) a
      detailed description of the features of the current episodes of illness when they
      were at their most severe; (2) a description of the level of severity of
      manifestations of major dimensions of psychopathology during the week preceding
      the evaluation, which can then be used as a measure of change; (3) a progression
      of questions and criteria, which provides information for making diagnoses; and
      (4) a detailed description of past psychopathology and functioning relevant to an
      evaluation of diagnosis, prognosis, and overall severity of disturbance. This
      article reports on initial scale development and reliability studies of the items
      and the scale scores.

PMID- 678038
TI  - Concurrent diagnostic validity of a structured psychiatric interview.
AB  - In order to estimate the concurrent validity of a structured psychiatric
      interview, we compared interview diagnoses obtained for 101 psychiatric
      inpatients to those recorded in the same patients' hospital charts. For most
      diagnoses considered, concordance was found to be high. For those in which
      concordance was low, we examined the reasons for the diagnostic discrepancy.
      Diagnostic errors that were judged to have occurred on the basis of the
      structural interview often seemed to have resulted from a lack of longitudinal
      clinical observation. However, more errors were judged to have occurred in the
      hospital charts, apparently because of physician oversight. We conclude that the
      concurrent validity of this structured interview is high and that such
      examinations might be useful not only for research but also for the routine
      initial evaluation of psychiatric patients.

PMID- 678039
TI  - The pathogenic quality of life event stress in neurotic impairment.

PMID- 678040
TI  - Genetic strategies in biological psychiatry.
AB  - Studies of the etiology of schizophrenia and other psychiatric illnesses may be
      executed by using a genetic framework in the experimental design. This article
      describes research strategies for identifying the genetic factors that produce a
      vulnerability to a psychiatric illness. The proposed strategies evaluate the role
      of a given genetic factor by comparing the transmission of this factor within
      pedigrees to the transmission of that illness. In a biologically heterogeneous
      disorder, these strategies can be used to identify homogeneous subgroups. This
      report also describes a strategy for identification of the environmental events
      that promote the development of a psychiatric illness, either independently or in
      conjunction with the genetic diathesis.

PMID- 678041
TI  - Prior psychiatric treatment and the development of breast cancer.
AB  - Computerized records of a large university hospital were searched to identify all
      women from 1967 to 1976 whose conditions had been diagnosed as breast cancer or
      primary cancer of another site. The records for those women with diagnoses of
      cancer were then examined to identify any prior psychiatric diagnoses. The
      rationale was that most patients treated in this hospital setting for psychiatric
      disorders received neuroleptic drugs, and patients with a diagnosis of
      schizophrenia are almost certain to be treated with major neuroleptic drugs over
      a prolonged period of time. No substantial difference in the relative frequency
      of prior psychiatric treatment was observed between breast cancer and other
      cancer groups.

PMID- 678042
TI  - Concept of 'significance' misunderstood.

PMID- 678043
TI  - The role of medicine in psychiatry.

PMID- 678044
TI  - A three-year follow-up study of the elimination of the internship. A comparative
      study of internship- and noninternship-trained residents in a psychiatric
      outpatient setting.
AB  - The American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology eliminated the internship as a
      requirement for certification in psychiatry in 1970. Preliminary study on a
      psychiatric inpatient service of internship-trained first-year residents with
      that of a matched group of residents who entered the same program without the
      internship disclosed differences in patient care practices. The same group of
      residents in their subsequent years of training in a psychiatric outpatient
      service were compared. A chart review comparison disclosed differences in areas
      of management in psychiatric outpatient treatment, referral patterns, and use of
      medication. Supervisory ratings of the residents were found to differ
      substantially in nine of the 15 measured categories.

PMID- 678045
TI  - Research designs for the study of gene-environment interactions in psychiatric
      disorders. Report of a Foundations Fund for Research in Psychiatry Panel.
AB  - Understanding the genetic and environmental contributions (and their
      interactions, which are likely to be complex) to the etiology of psychiatric
      disorders requires research designs incorporating many basic principles of
      genetics. Genetic variation is likely to contribute to psychiatric disorders and
      genetic heterogeneity is likely to exist for any single disorder, ie, completely
      different genetic variants may each be capable of increasing an individual's
      susceptibility to the disorder. Thus, it is important to define phenotypes that
      may more closely reflect each individual genetic variant rather than to rely
      solely on the psychiatric diagnosis. Research should be undertaken with the goal
      of testing specific hypotheses that can be excluded. Research designs can include
      studies of unrelated individuals, twins, separated relatives, nuclear families,
      or extended pedigrees. Not all hypotheses can be tested on one type of data, and
      appropriate analytic methods vary. Because genetic hypotheses cannot be tested on
      studies of unrelated individuals, it is important that data be collected on
      families instead of unrelated individual patients and/or controls. Studies should
      include traits that bridge the gap between the genotype and the diagnostic
      phenotype. Such studies should be multidisciplinary, and the best statistical
      genetics methodology should be used for data analysis.

PMID- 678046
TI  - Primary affective disorder, aggression, and criminality. A review and clinical
      study.
AB  - Aggressive and criminal behavior among patients with manic and depressive
      conditions has been in need of greater delineation, particularly since the advent
      of current pharmacotherapies. This report reviews the literature on aggression
      and criminality among bipolar and unipolar patients and the nature and occurrence
      of these conditions among criminal and unprosecuted offender populations, and
      presents a study of 100 consecutive prisoners (89 women, 11 men) referred for
      psychiatric evaluation. It is hypothesized that manic and depressive states are
      underdiagnosed in prison populations, particularly among female prisoners. A
      comparatively high incidence (10%) of primary affective disorder was found in
      this study; possible causes of the hypothesized underdiagnosis are discussed.

PMID- 678047
TI  - Abnormalities of cerebral lateralization in schizophrenia patients.
AB  - Initial lateral eye movements (LEMs) have been shown to be associated with
      activation of the contralateral frontal lobes. Using LEM as a criterion measure
      of activation, schizophrenics were compared to normals with respect to the
      processing of four types of stimuli: verbal nonemotional (VNE), verbal emotional
      (VE), spatial nonemotional (SNE), and spatial emotional (SE). Our results
      indicate that schizophrenics initiate thought in their left hemisphere
      significantly more often than controls when one compares all test conditions and
      on VNE, VE, and SE material. Neither medication nor level of education had an
      appreciable effect on LEM in either group. However, sex was a significant
      variable; women irrespective of diagnosis consistently used the left hemisphere
      more often than men. The inappropriate initiation of thought on SE material as
      well as the overall increase in left hemisphere activity suggest left hemisphere
      disorder. This is consistent with other findings that suggest a left hemisphere
      locus of disturbance in schizophrenia.

PMID- 678048
TI  - Chromosomes in patients receiving methadone and methadyl acetate.
AB  - Chromosomes of peripheral leukocytes were examined in 28 addicts participating in
      a Veterans Administration-Special Action Office for Drug Abuse Prevention
      (SAODAP) cooperative study of methadyl acetate vs methadone. Blood samples for 72
      hour leukocyte cultures were drawn after nearly 40 weeks of maintenance therapy
      while subjects were receiving active medication. For comparison, ten nondrug
      users were also studied. The frequency of chromosome damage was not greater in
      subjects maintained on methadyl acetate or methadone than in nondrug users.

PMID- 678049
TI  - Abrupt withdrawal from therapeutically administered diazepam. Report of a case.
AB  - Subjective, behavioral, and physiologic changes followed abrupt withdrawal of
      diazepam (Valium) in a patient who had been treated with 30 to 45 mg of diazepam
      daily for 20 months. Precipitous weight loss and orthostatic pulse rate increase
      were a part of the abstinence syndrome, which occurred between the fifth and
      ninth days of withdrawal. Accompanying these changes in physiologic measures were
      discomforting symptoms and dysphoria that were aversive and reinforcing to drug
      taking since the patient sought diazepam administration. These observations
      suggest that changes in mood, feeling states, and behavior may be the most
      prominent characteristics of the abstinence syndrome associated with physical
      dependence on this dose level of diazepam.

PMID- 678050
TI  - [Dansyl chloride as a reagent for sympathomimetic amines, I (author's transl)].

PMID- 678051
TI  - [Dansyl chloride as a reagent for sympathomimetic amines, II: Fluorimetric
      determination of ephedrine hydrochloride as its dansyl derivative in tablets
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 678052
TI  - [On heterocycles, XLVI: syntheses of thiazolo(4,5-d)pyridazines].

PMID- 678053
TI  - [Synthesis of polyfunctional heterocyclic compounds by aminoalkylation of
      nitroalkanes (author's transl)].

PMID- 678054
TI  - [Syntheses in the isocamphine series. VI. (+) and (-) Isocamphenilanic acid].

PMID- 678055
TI  - [Reaction of chromone with 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid in basic medium (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 678056
TI  - [Formation of hydrindane derivatives by rearrangement of nardofurane (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 678057
TI  - [3-Acylpyrano (2,3-b) indol-4-ones (author's transl)].

PMID- 678058
TI  - [Mass spectroscopic investigations on 1,2,5-thiadiazolidine-3,4-diones and 1-oxo
      1 lambda4,2,5-thiadiazolidine-3,4-diones (author's transl)].

PMID- 678059
TI  - [Assignment of configurations of methyl O-acylacetohydroximates by determination
      of dipole moments (author's transl)].

PMID- 678060
TI  - [Synthesis of O-acylhydroxylamines with methyl (E)- and (Z)-acetohydroximate as
      protecting group (author's transl)].

PMID- 678061
TI  - [Synthesis of pharmacologically active heterocyclic compounds via Mannich
      reaction, IV: cycloalka(g)- and benzocycloalka(g)pyrido(2,3-d)pyrimidinediones
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 678062
TI  - [Biotransformation of nefopam (Ajan), I: isolation and identification of the main
      metabolite and some other metabolites (author's transl)].

PMID- 678063
TI  - [Histamine analogs. 17. Synthesis and histamine-like effect of N-tau
      methylhistamines].

PMID- 678064
TI  - [Reaction of barbiturates with alpha-ketoesters].

PMID- 678065
TI  - [Quinolylidene derivatives (author's transl)].

PMID- 678066
TI  - [Constituents of Cassia siamea (author's transl)].

PMID- 678067
TI  - [O-acylation of N-cyanoalkyl-N-hydroxyureas (author's transl)].

PMID- 678068
TI  - [Cyclodehydrogenation of aniline derivatives carrying carboxamide or urea
      functions (author's transl)].

PMID- 678069
TI  - [Chiral Pyrazolidinediones, II: a general and convenient synthesis (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 678070
TI  - [Tautomers of benzocycloheptene-1, 3 (2 H)-diones (author's transl)].

PMID- 678071
TI  - [Unsaturated oximes, XIX: uniform styrylalkyl oximes (author's transl)].

PMID- 678072
TI  - [Isolation of flavonoids using oxides and salts of bivalent cations, II: sorption
      of flavonoids to caO, mgO and znO (author's transl)].

PMID- 678073
TI  - [Reaction of tryptophan with aldehydes: 2, 2'-diindolylmethanes (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 678074
TI  - [Michael additions with esters of acylamino acids, IV: one-step-syntheses of 1
      arylpyrrolizidine-3, 5, 7-triones (author's transl)].

PMID- 678075
TI  - [The absolute configuration of (+)-glutethimide].

PMID- 678076
TI  - [Structure- and conformation-activity relationships of heterocyclic acetylcholine
      analogs. 5. The stereochemistry of cis- and trans-4-acetoxy-1
      methylthioniacyclohexanes].

PMID- 678077
TI  - [Prognosis of anorexia nervosa in adolescence].
AB  - A group of 28 patients with anorexia nervosa, who had fallen ill at the age of 15
      (14 to 18) and were examined for the first time at the age of 17 (14 to 23), were
      all examined again 10 (5 to 20) years later. In the vast majority (25 cases), the
      anorexia syndrome sensu stricto had completely, or very nearly, disappeared.
      While weight and menstruation had returned to normal, nutrition behavior was
      sometimes still disturbed, although to a lesser extent than before. The course of
      the disease in the long term generally leads to disappearance of the symptoms;
      fatal issues and psychotic manifestations are extremely rare. In half of these 28
      cases, however, there are other neurotic symptoms (depression, anxiety,
      obsession), indicating the underlying neurotic disturbance. In the matter of
      social integration (separation from original family, successful education,
      professional activity), positive developments predominate. More than one-third of
      the patients have married. The results are compared with those of some other
      investigations in this field.

PMID- 678078
TI  - [Cerebral toxoplasmosis complicating Hodgkin's disease in the adult. Light and
      electron-microscopic findings (author's transl)].
AB  - A male patient with a history of Hodgkin's disease of 11 years duration died at
      age 41 with signs of progressive cerebral involvement. The blastomatous process
      had been treated with X-rays, cytostatic agents, and corticosteroids. Autopsy
      revealed isolated lymphogranulomatous lesions in the chest walls and multiple
      foci of necrosis in the brain. In the latter, Toxoplasma could be detected by
      light and electron microscopy. The inflammatory response elicited by the
      protozoan parasite was strikingly slight. This indicated that the patient had had
      some immunologic impairment. Pathomorphologic and clinical aspects of cerebral
      toxoplasmosis in the adult are discussed. It is emphasized that patients
      suffering from chronic malignant disorders, particularly Hodgkin's disease, are
      preferentially affected by toxoplasmosis of the brain.

PMID- 678079
TI  - Laser-spectrographic analysis of the cation content in Fahr's syndrome.
AB  - The cation content and composition of mineral deposits in cerebral vessels in a
      case of Fahr's syndrome was studied by laser-spectrographic analysis. It was
      shown that in addition to Ca and Fe, other minerals such as Mg, Al, and Zn
      accumulated in pathologic deposits. The occurrence of cations other than Ca and
      Fe in these deposits had not been previously reported. The observations made in
      this study may contribute to a better understanding of the etiopathogenesis of
      Fahr's syndrome.

PMID- 678080
TI  - [Modification and improvement of the diagnosis of cerebral damage (DCS) for
      clinical use (author's transl)].
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine whether Weidlich's DCS Test
      (Diagnostikum fur Cerebralschadigung) (Weidlich, 1969) which is very burdensome
      when applied to brain-damaged patients, could be simplified by means of
      multivariate error analysis without loss of its great diagnostic value. The
      results of 40 brain-damaged patients and 47 clinical control patients were
      examined by multivariate analysis. In order to establish a comparative learning
      function value, a random sample of 20 nonclinical persons was tested, as well.
      Results showed that within a discriminant function the error variables could
      differentiate clinical groups just as well as Weidlich's global criterium, while
      a diagnosis could be established after only about half the test time.
      Applicability of the multivariate methods to the diagnosis of single clinical
      cases was confirmed by means of positive cross validation.

PMID- 678081
TI  - Histocompatibility antigens in primary affective disorders.
AB  - We determined 27 histocompatibility antigens of A, B, and C locus with a standard
      lymphocyte cytotoxicity test in 125 patients suffering from primary affective
      disorders, 77 of bipolar type, 24 of unipolar type, and 24 with schizo-affective
      psychosis. Comparison with a normal control group showed significant increases in
      the frequencies of antigens Bw40 and Cw4 in unipolar patients and a significantly
      decreased frequency of antigen Cw3 in bipolar patients. The statistical
      significances which were at the 5% level, disappeared when the P values were
      corrected for the number of antigens investigated. Our results failed to confirm
      previous findings of significantly altered antigen frequencies among patients
      with primary affective disorders.

PMID- 678082
TI  - [Long-term follow-up study of the absorption of gas after encephalography in
      dilated intracranial cerebrospinal fluid spaces (author's transl)].
AB  - The absorption of gas after encephalography in different groups of patients was
      investigated in a long-term follow-up study. Group I (11 patients) showed no
      pathological findings in the encephalogram. Group II (8 patients) had
      encephalographic signs of diffuse cerebral atrophy. Group III (7 patients)
      demonstrated in the encephalogram characteristics of normal pressure
      hydrocephalus with variously located blocks of air in the subarachnoid space. In
      group I the gas located in the subarachnoid space had usually disappeared after
      24 h, in some cases after 72 h. In group II the pattern of resorption was
      basically similar, although in one case cortical air could be seen at 96 h. In
      group III the absorption of air from the subarachnoid space began after 72 h in
      radiological relevant amounts. In none of the cases of group III could similar
      short times of resorption be seen in comparison to group I. It is considered that
      these two groups can be clearly distinguished from each other in the duration of
      resorption of air from the subarachnoid space. The importance of encephalography
      as a pathophysiological tool for investigation of both the disturbed resorption
      and circulation of the cerebrospinal fluid in normal pressure hydrocephalus is
      stressed.

PMID- 678083
TI  - The influence of sleep deprivation on the duration of endogenous depressive
      episodes.
AB  - Out of 102 patients suffering from endogenous depression, it was possible to
      ascertain the duration of episodes in the case of 60 patients. Intraindividual
      comparisons among patients with unipolar depression show that sleep deprivation
      therapy causes a tendency to shorter depressive episodes. This tendency is
      related to the time of application of sleep deprivation: the sooner sleep
      deprivation is applied within an episode, the better the effect. Younger patients
      react better than older ones.

PMID- 678084
TI  - [One chronobiological aspect of sterotyped behaviour (author's transl)].
AB  - The stereotyped behaviours of six institutionalized handicapped children were
      continuously observed during several days. Each child showed at least two forms
      of stereotyped behaviour. Using spectra of variance and cross-correlation
      analysis, the data were analysed with respect to underlying periodicities. A 2.5
      hour cycle was found in all observed stereotypies. Furthermore, stable phase
      relationships were found between the periodic variations of different
      stereotypies in one and the same child. The temporal courses of hand and oral
      stereotypies were synchronous but head and whole-body stereotypies were delayed
      by half a phase with respect to sterotypic handwaving. A possible relationship is
      discussed between the 2.5-hour periodicity of stereotyped behaviour and
      Kleitman's "Basic Rest Activity Cycle."

PMID- 678085
TI  - Photic EEG-driving responses in thalamotomized and medicated cases of Parkinson's
      disease.
AB  - EEG-driving responses to visual stimulation were studied using EEG Interval
      Spectrum Analysis (EISA) before and after stereotaxic thalamotomy and Nacom (L-
      Carbidopa and Levodopa) treatment of 67 Parkinson patients. Five types of photic
      driving responses were distinguished in the EISA results: (1) all-band response,
      (2) Beta-dominant, (3) Alpha-Beta-dominant, (4) Alpha-Theta-dominant, (5) non
      response. Twenty patients received a daily dose of 750--1000 mg of Nacom orally,
      and 47 patients 1000--1500 mg for a period of 3 to 4 weeks. In most cases the
      medication produced no change in photic-driving and EEG patterns. The photic
      driving response showed no significant correlation with clinical signs and
      background EEG. Unilateral thalamotomy was performed in ten Parkinson patients.
      In two of these patients the EEG-driving response diminished in the first post
      operative week for low frequency stimuli but increased after the second week.

PMID- 678086
TI  - Compensation for volunteer clinical faculty.

PMID- 678087
TI  - Diarrhea and colitis in clindamycin-treated surgical patients.
AB  - Responding to reports that diarrhea and pseudomenbranous colitis occurred
      relatively frequently among patients who received clindamycin, we initiated a
      program of surveillance in clindamycin-treated patients, including direct
      examination of the colon mucosa for inflammation or pseudomembranes and a patient
      follow-up by a nurse-epidemiologist. Observation of 145 patients having 161
      consecutive clindamycin treatment episodes determined that unexplained diarrhea
      (two or more stools per day) occurred in 30 patients (21%), and more severe
      diarrhea (five or more stools per day) occurred in 12 patients (8%). Colitis was
      not identified at all. The absence of pseudomembranes was confirmed by direct
      examination of colon mucosa in 114 patients. Development of disabling diarrhea or
      colitis in association with clindamycin therapy is not a universal phenomenon.

PMID- 678088
TI  - Fat necrosis of the breast.
AB  - Fat necrosis of the breast is an uncommon entity but may mimic malignancy on both
      mammographic and clinical examination. Seven patients had recent excisional
      breast biopsy specimens that showed fat necrosis. The mammographic appearance is
      a reflection of the reparative phase of the lesion, with a cystic appearance
      representing early or incomplete healing. Progression to connective tissue
      invasion appears as an irregular, dense, spiculated mass. Clinically, these
      tumors may be firm, fixed, and produce overlying skin or nipple retraction. No
      matter how strong the clinical suspicion that a breast lesion represents fat
      necrosis, an excisional biopsy is necessary for confirmation in all cases.

PMID- 678089
TI  - Thromboembolic risk of postsplenectomy thrombocytosis.
AB  - Although thrombocytosis is a very common finding after splenectomy, the
      thromboembolic risk of postsplenectomy thrombocytosis has not been clarified. To
      our knowledge, this retrospective study of 318 patients without
      myeloproliferative disorders who underwent splenectomy is the largest of its
      type. Thrombocytosis developed in 75% of the patients. No substantial increase in
      the incidence of thromboembolism was detected in patients with thrombocytosis.

PMID- 678090
TI  - Nonspecific peritesticular fibrosis manifested as testicular enlargement.
AB  - Nine cases of peritesticular fibrosis initially appeared to be enlargement of the
      testes. Seven patients under went orchiectomy and two had biopsy specimens taken
      of the grossly thickened  tunica albuginea. In six patients, a hydrocele was
      present with intramural fibrosis and minimal chronic inflammation. Active
      epididymitis and chronic interstitial orchitis were present in two patients, with
      some spread of the inflammation into the fibrotic peritesticular tissues. One
      case, without associated hydrocele or epididymitis, showed dense fibrosis of the
      peritesticular tissues with focal edema, lymphangiectasis, and minimal
      perivascular round cell infiltration. This clinicopathological entity of diffuse
      peritesticular fibrosis is an unrecognized cause of benign testicular
      enlargement. The hypothesis is advanced that the primary process is a congenital
      hypoplasia of the peritesticular lymphatics progressing at various speeds into a
      state of chronic lymphedema and end stage noninflammatory fibrosis.

PMID- 678091
TI  - Resection of postinfarction left ventricular aneurysm with and without
      revascularization.
AB  - Twenty-four patients had resection of their ventricular aneurysm and 29 had
      resection plus revascularization. Sixty percent of the patients received no blood
      in the heart lung machine during surgery or at any time during hospitalization.
      One of 24 patients with ventricular resection and two of 29 patients with
      resection plus revascularization died during hospitalization, for an overall
      mortality of 5.7%. Fifty of the 53 patients had an ejection fraction of 0.4 or
      less and 23 of these had an ejection fraction of 0.2 or less. Survival rate was
      75.5% at four years for all 53 patients compared to only 12% of patients alive at
      five years with medical treatment. For the patient with a large ventricular
      aneurysm, resection and myocardial revascularization can be performed with a low
      risk even for the patient with poorly functioning residual myocardium.

PMID- 678093
TI  - Retained intrahepatic stones. Use of the U tube during repeated nonoperative
      stone extractions.
AB  - Of 355 patients undergoing nonoperative extraction procedures for retained bile
      duct stones, 61 patients had intrahepatic calculi. In seven of these patients
      with multiple intrahepatic stones and two of them with additional hepatic duct
      strictures.trahepatic stones, a U tube was placed. Insertion of a U tube is
      particularly useful if multiple sittings are required for intrahepatic stone
      removal. The U tube can be inserted postoperatively and permits ease of operation
      from two sides, particulary if stricture dilation is required before stone
      removal. With the use of the U tube, inadvertent removal has not occurred and
      patients are able to work and shower between extraction procedures. Indwelling U
      tubes are readily replaced over a guide wire. This technique was used with good
      success and for long periods of time in seven patients, all with multiple
      intrahepatic stones and two of them with additional hepatic duct strictures.

PMID- 678092
TI  - Surface cooling (20 degrees C) and circulatory arrest in infants undergoing
      cardiac surgery. Results in ventricular septal defect, complete atrioventricular
      canal, and total anomalous pulmonary venous connection.
AB  - During a six-year period, 46 severely symptomatic infants (average age, 5.1
      months) underwent correction of ventricular septal defect (22 patients), total
      anomalous pulmonary venous connection (13 patients), and complete
      atrioventricular canal (11 patients), with the use of surface cooling to 20
      degrees C. Cardiac repair was performed during circulatory arrest, and rewarming
      was performed with a pump oxygenator. Ten patients undergoing repair of
      ventricular septal defects were studied hemodynamically at 21 degrees C, before
      repair and at 37 degrees C after rewarming. Heart rate, left ventricular systolic
      pressure, maximum dp/dt, cardiac index, stroke work, and oxygen consumption were
      reduced substantially at 21 degrees C. Systemic vascualr resistance was increased
      at 21 degrees C. All changes were reversible with repair and rewarming. A
      protocol for hemodilution and crystalloid volume loading was devised to maintain
      urine output after early patients  were noted to demonstrate renal dysfunction.
      With this protocol, survival rates were 89% for patients with ventricular septal
      defects, 67% for those with atrioventricular canal defects, and 85% for those
      with total anomalous pulmonary-venous connection.

PMID- 678094
TI  - Severe chest trauma. Morbidity implication.
AB  - Patients who sustain fracture of either the first or second rib have severe
      injuries usually involving multiple systems. In comparing 71 patients with first
      rib fractures and 49 patients with second rib fractures, we found morbidity and
      mortality to be similar. A multidisciplinary approach to management of these
      patients is described and vigorous diagnostic and therapeutic measures are
      warranted to promptly determine the extent of injury and minimize the frequency
      of missed diagnosis.

PMID- 678095
TI  - Surgical treatment of the thoracic outlet compression syndrome.
AB  - Narrowing of the thoracic outlet may give rises to symptoms in the arm from
      compression of the nerves, the subclavian artery, and the subclavian vein.
      Anatomic studies show that nerve compression may affect fibers from T-1, C-8, and
      not infrequently C-7, providing an explanation for the diffuse nature of the
      nerve symptoms in the arm. Relief from this compression at the thoracic outlet is
      readily accomplished by transaxillary resection of the first rib together with
      any associated cervical rib, fibrous cervical rib analogues, or other fibrous
      bands encroaching on the neurovascular structures. A study of 40 patients with
      the syndrome who were treated in this way and followed up after an interval of
      three to ten years shows that those with nerve and vein symptoms can expect a
      good result but the results of treatment in those with arterial symptoms is less
      satisfactory.

PMID- 678096
TI  - Expanded microporous polytetrafluoroethylene as canine arterial bypass or
      replacement graft.
AB  - Expanded microporous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) has been used experimentally
      and clinically for small-vessel bypass or replacement grafting; the results vary
      widely. This study  assessed short (4--cm) femoral and carotid artery replacement
      PTFE grafts and longer (12--cm) femoral artery bypass PTFE grafts that crossed a
      flexion crease. Pore size at the blood-graft interface ranged from 10 to 30 mu.
      At the end of three months, overall patency rate was 22%. No long bypass grafts
      remained patent. The pore size and type of anastomosis did not affect patency.
      The occlusion was always thrombotic, associated with fibrin at the suture line.
      Nine of the 20 short carotid grafts (45%) and five of 22 short femoral grafts
      (22%) remained patent. These poor results indicate that further experimental
      studies are needed before PTFE is used clinically when an alternative exists.

PMID- 678097
TI  - Primary liposarcoma of the omentum.
AB  - Liposarcomas are common soft tissue tumors of the mediastinum and the
      retroperitoneum. Although they are rarely found in the greater omentum, when they
      occur in that area they can become enormous and be mistaken for pancreatic
      pseudocysts or ascitic distension. Recently, successful resection of a 10--kg
      liposarcoma of the omentum was performed at our institution. A description of the
      clinical presentation, preoperative assessment, and characteristics of this tumor
      are reported and the literature is surveyed. The use of adjuvant chemotherapy for
      these tumors is also discussed.

PMID- 678098
TI  - Intrahepatic bile duct rupture following blunt abdominal trauma.
AB  - The natural history of intrahepatic bile duct rupture secondary to blunt trauma
      is not known. A unique case of bilateral hepatic lobar duct rupture is presented
      to demonstrate the clinical features and potential complications of this injury.
      Operative intervention is not always indicated and treatment should be dictated
      by the specific lesion.

PMID- 678099
TI  - Ultrasound and false normal oral cholecystogram.
AB  - Although oral cholecystography is a highly accurate investigation for the
      diagnosis of gallbladder disease, false normal examinations do occur. In other
      patients, the presence of jaundice, nausea, or vomiting may preclude oral
      cholecystography. When there is clinical suspicion of gallbladder disease with a
      normal or equivocal oral cholecystogram, ultrasound examination is a highly
      accurate alternative imaging procedure. We describe in this article three
      patients with apparently normal oral cholecystography who were found to have
      obvious gallstones on ultrasound examination and at surgery. The relative
      accuracy of these diagnostic procedures is reviewed and their place in the
      diagnosis of biliary tract disease is discussed.

PMID- 678100
TI  - Breast carcinoma in a young man.
AB  - Breast carcinoma occurred in a 25-year-old man. This is to our knowledge, the
      seventh reported instance of this extremely rare cancer. Despite its infrequent
      occurrence, high cure rates can be obtained if it is detected and treated early.
      Breast masses in young men must not be ignored.

PMID- 678101
TI  - Adverse effects of calcium administration. Report of two cases.
AB  - Calcium chloride, 7 mg/kg, and calcium gluconate, 20 mg/kg, were administered to
      patients with low or low-normal levels of serum ionized calcium. Both patients
      had low blood pressure and cardiac index, and did not respond to digitalis,
      volume expansion, and beta-adrenergic stimulation with dopamine. Administration
      of calcium rapid increase of serum ionized calcium levels, decrease of serum
      potassium levels, and development of severe cardiac arrhythmias. Atrioventricular
      dissociation and further fall of cardiac index and blood pressure were common
      features of both cases. Administration of exogenous calcium can cause severe
      complications, even when theoretically indicated.

PMID- 678102
TI  - Reconstruction of a large chest wall defect using greater omentum.
AB  - A 56-year-old woman was admitted for treatment of a large carcinoma that involved
      the chest wall. Fourteen years earlier, she had undergone a radical mastectomy,
      which was followed by chemotherapy and radiation therapy. The carcinoma was
      excised and the large anterior chest wall defect reconstructed using Marlex mesh,
      an omental pedicle flap, and a split-thickness skin graft.

PMID- 678103
TI  - High intramuscular anorectal abscess.
AB  - Six percent of the anorectal abscesses drained last year at the Naval Regional
      Medical Center, Portsmouth, Va, were of the high intramuscular variety. High
      intramuscular perianal abscesses may be difficult to diagnose because of the lack
      of external signs. It is important that a patient with unexplained anal pain be
      examined, under anesthesia if necessary. When a high intramuscular abscess is
      found, it is best drained into the anal canal rather than through a perianal skin
      incision.

PMID- 678104
TI  - Severe complications of intralesional BCG therapy in an unsensitized patient.
      Case report and clinical implications.
AB  - Since the introduction of BCG intralesional immunotherapy for melanoma, severe
      complications, including death, have been reported after treatment in
      hypersensitized individuals. This is a case report of BCG dissemination with
      ulceration, skin necrosis, lymphadenitis, and abscess formation following the
      first intralesional injection of a minimal dose of BCG in a PPD-negative patient.
      The case demonstrates that severe complications can occur in patients who are not
      hypersensitized, anergic, or debilitated or who have been treated multiple times.
      This patient's complication further suggests that migration of BCG after
      intralesional therapy may play a role in the regression of uninjected nodules
      seen in some patients.

PMID- 678105
TI  - Lipoma of the colon.
AB  - Lipoma, an uncommon tumor in the gastrointestinal tract, occurs most often in the
      colon. The majority are asymptomatic but may cause abdominal pain, obstruction,
      or bleeding. The diagnosis can be made roentgenographically but is usually not
      made until operation is performed. Small lipomas may be removed by colonoscopy or
      followed conservatively after biopsy via colonoscopy. The treatment for
      symptomatic or large lipomas is surgical excision.

PMID- 678106
TI  - Inguinal herniorrhaphy under local anesthesia.

PMID- 678107
TI  - Previous appendectomy does not predispose to right-sided ectopic pregnancies.

PMID- 678108
TI  - A new method of gastric drainage following truncal vagotomy.

PMID- 678109
TI  - In vitro activity of sulfadiazine compounds of zinc and silver.

PMID- 678110
TI  - Perforation of the colon due to clay ball.

PMID- 678111
TI  - [Zinc anabolism during pregnancy].
AB  - In the livers of pregnant rats an anabolic effect was found for zinc which,
      however, developed analogously to the enlargement of the organ. Femur and muscle
      did not reveal any super-retention of zinc during pregnancy. In the whole
      organism, a 10% increased zinc storage was found being attributable to stronger
      accumulation in the reproductive organs (3%) and in the liver (1%) and in other
      organs (6%) that were not under study. Higher Zn supply did not allow to increase
      this additional zinc storage during pregnancy. After lactation, the anabolic
      effect in the livers had declined, the Zn values of the lactating rats remaining,
      on the whole, at the same level as those of the pregnant animals. The Zn-serum
      concentrations as well as the alkaline phosphatase and carboxy peptidase A
      activities of the pancreatic gland were reduced during pregnancy, whilst the
      alkaline phosphatase activity in the femur increased. This finding is discussed
      in relation to Zn-supply and Zn-mobilisation.

PMID- 678112
TI  - [Behavior of the trace elements copper, zinc and manganese in bovine rumen. 1.
      Trace element content of different fractions of rumen fluid and the effect of
      copper sulfate administration].
AB  - Two adult, rumen-fistulated steers were fed, over four consecutive 3-week
      periods, Cu-deficient and normal hays with and without copper sulphate
      supplementation. Their rumen liquor levels of copper, zinc and manganese were
      determined correspondingly. The rumen liquor samples were split into 3 fractions
      by way of centrifugation, sodium dodecyl sulphate treatment of the sediment and
      filtration. The fractionation of the rumen liquor showed copper to be contained
      mainly in the water-soluble supernatant (68%), whilst zinc and manganese are more
      strongly linked to the microbial fraction (57 and 46%, resp.). The plant residue
      did not average but 9, 24 and 22% of copper, zinc and manganese, respectively.
      Copper sulphate supplementation to normal hay resulted in a significantly
      increased copper content in the supernatant and in the microbial fraction. At the
      same time, the zinc and manganese content values in the microbial fraction were
      found increased. However, the same copper sulphate supplementation to Cu
      deficient hay was found to reduce highly significantly the copper level in the
      microbial fraction. It is supposed that the excessively high molybdenum content
      of this hay (2.5 ng/kg) has prevented any effect of the copper sulphate
      supplementation. The positive effects of copper sulphate supplementation on the
      zinc and manganese levels in the bacterial fraction were maintained even when
      feeding Cu-deficient hay rich in Mo.

PMID- 678113
TI  - [Feed conversion and the energy requirement of pregnant heifers].
AB  - Eight Holstein heifers were subjected to experiments running over the entire
      pregnancy period to investigate the conversion of rations mainly made up of maize
      silage (85% of the ration's dry matter) by the experimental animals. Both
      digestible and metabolizable energy (ME) and the energy requirement were studied.
      The live weight (LW) of the heifers was found to rise linearly during the entire
      pregnancy period being 422 kg at service and reaching 565 kg at calving. Feed
      intake, referred to 1 kg live weight0.75, was almost constant until the 7th month
      of gestation and declined gradually until parturition. The degree of
      digestibility and metabolizability of the energy contained in the silage-bases
      rations prove equal over the whole gestation period. The energy required for
      maintenance and gravidity (y) was found to rise exponentially as pregnancy
      advance (t). This relationship is reflected  by the equation: ME, kcal/kg
      LW0.75y=135+0.2590.0206t range of significance=+/-0.07 During the last two months
      of gestation,  a negative energy balance was found. This negative energy balance
      corresponds with a negative fat balance and a reduction, of the respiratory
      quotient, a fact suggesting to the mobilisation of body fat reserves by the
      mother to cover the increased energy requirement during pregnancy. The protein
      balance was found continuously positive during the entire gestation period. The
      conversion of metabolizable energy for fetus development was found to be 8.13%.

PMID- 678114
TI  - [The influence of different straw-based ration type on fermentation and
      production of volatile fatty acids in the rumen of lactating cows. 3. Rumenal
      fermentation processes and milk yield criteria after using a low-fiber straw
      pellet batch as basal ration component and a fully pelleted straw-based ration].
AB  - Lactating Black-Pied (DSR) cows were used to study, over a period of 100 days,
      the influence of different basal ration types (I-treated wheat straw pellets, low
      fibre; II- monodiet pellets containing 48% of wheat straw; III = conventional
      rations based on fresh forage and arable root crops) on the molar fermentation
      pattern and the daily rate of VFA production and some milk yield criteria. Ration
      types I and II results in almost equal fermentation patterns of the VFA; as
      against the conventional ration types (III) a significantly higher molar acetate
      propertion as well as a highly significantly decreased molar proportion of iso
      acids were found. The daily rated of VFA production relativated to energy intake
      were as follows (in the order of the ration types mentioned): 4.9, 4.2 and 5.0,
      and 3.3, 2.5 and 3.3 moles per 1,000 anergetic feed equivalents (cattle) after 30
      and 100 days of feeding, respectively. In both trials, only about 80% of the
      relative VFA production of the straw pellet-concentrate (I) and conventional
      (III) ration types were found when feeding fully pelleted diets (II). On account
      of the relatively wide variation of the experimental results no statistically
      secured findings were obtained as to the milk yield criteria, but ration type II
      produced some 200 and 300 kg milk less thant ration types I and III,
      respectively, during the 100-day experimental period.

PMID- 678115
TI  - [Energy metabolism and energy requirements of growing boars].
AB  - The nitrogen and energy metabolism and the energy consumption of growing boars
      were measured in 2 metabolic and feeding trials using 8 parallel animals each.
      The studies covered the 30 to 150 kg live weight range. The growth intensity of
      the boars was found strongly influenced by the protein level of the ration. At a
      crude protein level of 18% in the ration, the boars gained, on the average, 780 g
      per day during the fattening period under study. Energy conversion was found to
      decline as the protein amount went up. The energy expediture for protein
      deposition was estimated at 1.8 to 2.0 kcal metabolizable energy per kg
      deposited. The energy and feed expenditures were calculated to be 7.1 Mcal net
      energy--fat retention for the whole development period or 3.0 kg dry matter per
      kg live weight. Boars proved to have an energy requirement differing from that of
      barrows and gilts; equations are presented for derivation.

PMID- 678116
TI  - [Nutrient composition of some newly bred high protein and/or high lysine grains
      and their digestibility determined on growing pigs].
AB  - With the view to complementing the feedstuff data store and, consequently, to
      further improving the GDR Feed Evaluation System, some newly bred high-protein
      and/or high-lysine cereal varieties and strains (spring barley, winter wheat,
      maize) were studied for their nutrient composition and digestibility. Apart from
      from WEENDER's feed analysis technique, more recent methods were applied to
      determine total fat (after HCl treatment), carbohydrates (enzymatic method),
      lignin and amino acids. The digestibility of the nutrients was determined using
      growing pigs of different live weight, the test rations being made up of the
      cereals under and supplementations of limiting amino acids as well as vitamins
      and minerals. In comparison with the values from currently applied tables, the
      newly bred strains and varieties proved to have markedly higher contents of crude
      protein, digestible crude protein, lysine and energetic feed equivalents.
      Compared to crude fat, the total fat values proved markedly higher in the barley
      and wheat samples. The readily soluble and easily hydrolizable carbohydrates
      found with the new analysis procedure suggested, were 100% digestible in all
      cereal samples used. Lignin proved the constituent most difficult to digest and
      must be regarded as virtually undigestible in the case of pigs.

PMID- 678117
TI  - [Performance dependent lysine requirement of fattening pigs. 3. Effect of amino
      acid and energy intake on fat, protein and lysine deposition of swine].
AB  - The gain in structural matter had a linear course with a corresponding feeding
      intensity and depending on the period of fattening. However, the animals given
      high-energy diets deposited 130 g protein per day during the first fattening
      period, this deposition being compensated in the course of further growth by a
      considerably lower deposition in the sense of aequifinality. Up to a live weight
      of 70 kg, animals subjected first to restricted feeding and then to fully
      balanced feeding revealed the highest protein deposition during the last period
      of fattening, this fact emphasizing the leanmeat character of the animal material
      used. The daily fat deposition was found clearly determined by energy intake and
      independent of amino acid supply. Lysine conversion was influenced by the intake
      of lysine and energy. Under feeding to norm it reached some 40 and 30% during the
      first and second periods of fattening, respectively.

PMID- 678118
TI  - [Excessive iron administration to sheep. 2. The effect on the iron, copper, zinc
      and manganese level in different organs].
AB  - Lambs received 250, 1000 and 1750 mg Fe per kg concentrate dry matter. The Fe
      supplementations caused the Fe-levels of spleen, liver, kidneys and ribs to rise
      significantly. Liver and spleen reflected most markedly the high Fe-supply. The
      Fe-supplementation reduced the Cu-content in the liver and the share of Zn in the
      kidneys. The Mn-content of all body parts analysed was not significantly
      influenced by Fe-supplementation.

PMID- 678119
TI  - Some biological and serological properties of large and small plaque variants of
      Getah virus.
AB  - Two plaque types of Getah virus were isolated on BHK-21 cells from an emulsion of
      suckling mouse brain  infected with strain AMM-2021 and were designated as large
      plaque (LP) and small plaque (SP) strains. Some of the properties of LP and SP
      strains were studied with the following results. The difference in plaque size of
      the LP and SP strains was quite distinct on BHK-21 cells and there was little
      difference in size at the 3rd--8th serial passage level in suckling mouse brain.
      The LP strain showed high hemagglutinating activity but the SP strain produced no
      detectable HA activity. The LP strain was shown to be more virulent than the SP
      strain to suckling mice by intracerebral or intraperitoneal inoculation. The LP
      strain was not neutralized as effectively as the SP strain with antisera to
      original, LP and SP strains. An enhancement of infectivity was observed when the
      LP strain was senstized with either anti-LP or anti-SP hyerimmune mouse sera.
      This phenomenon was not pronounced withe the SP strain.

PMID- 678120
TI  - Isolation and serological characterization of influenza A viruses from birds that
      were dead on arrival at Tokyo airport.
AB  - Twenty-two strains of influenza A virus isolated from caged birds which had been
      imported into Japan from India and Thailand and had died druing transportation to
      Tokyo. Serological tests divided these strains into two groups. Viruses in the
      first group contained Hav7 hemagglutinin and were related antigenically to
      A/duck/Ukraine/1/63 [Hav7 Neq2]; viruses in the second group contained Hav4
      hemagglutining and were related to A/duck/Czech/56 [Hav 4 Nav 1]. All strains
      contained Neq2 neuraminidase that was closely related to that fo
      A/equine/Miami/1/63[Heq2 Neq2] and A/duck/Ukraine/1/63[Hav7 Neq2]. It was
      concluded that the strains in the first group were Hav7 Naq2 and those in the
      second group were Hav4 Neq2; both group of viruses showed antigenic drift from
      the prototype strains.

PMID- 678122
TI  - [Variant of the axial position of the thumb].
AB  - In the frontal photo of the hand, the thumb is presented in semilateral
      projection. In the investigation represented, in about 0.8% of photos radial
      deflection of the first metacarpal bone and lateral position of the thumb are
      noted. This variant of the thumb condition is accompanied by brachymesophalangia
      of the fifth finger.

PMID- 678121
TI  - Assay of antibodies to caliciviruses by radioimmune precipitation using
      staphylococcal protein A as IgG adsorbent.
AB  - A radioimmune assay method designated St-RIP using a staphylococcal IgG
      adsorbent, which potentially has broad applications to viral (and nonviral)
      antigen-antibody systems, was applied to detection of calicivirus antibodies.
      Purified 125I-labeled virions of San Miguel sea lion virus serotypes 4 (SMSV-4)
      and 5 (SMSV 5) were incubated with sera; the immune complexes were reacted with
      an immunoadsorbent, formaldehyde-fixed staphylococci (Staphylococcus aureus
      protein A producer, strain Cowan I), and collected by centrifugation. Broad cross
      reactivity was observed among serotypes of SMSV and vesicular exanthema of swine
      virus (VESV), but there was no reaction with antisera to six noncaliciviruses.
      Antibody production in a rabbit inoculated with SMSV-5 polypeptide was monitored
      by St-RIP assay; reactivity with intact SMSV-4 virion antigen was slightly less
      than, but closely paralleled, reactivity with SMSV-5 virion antigen.
      Applicability of the St-RIP test to serologic survey was demonstrated with
      pinniped, swine, and human (laboratory personnel) sera; numerous positive St-RIP
      reactions suggested the occurrence of widespread contacts with caliciviruses.

PMID- 678124
TI  - [Quantitative characteristics of tissue and ultrastructural organization of the
      rat myocardium].
AB  - By sterelogical technique with application of a test system, a quantitative
      investigation of the normal rat myocardium has been performed at light and
      electron microscopic levels. Comparative volume and superficial density of
      different structures have been determined, as well as secondary (calculated)
      indices of volumetric and superficial-volumetric relations have been obtained.
      Semi-thin sections demonstrate quantitative characteristics of parenchymatous
      stromal-microcirculatory interrelations, while electronograms demonstrate
      quantitative indices and interrelations of cardiomyocytic ultrastructures. The
      ratio of superficial myocardial structures to their volume gives an objective
      information on functional morphology of the cardiac muscle.

PMID- 678123
TI  - [Intracortical connections between fields 18 and 19 of the visual cortex of cat's
      brain].
AB  - To study electron microscopically intracortical connections between areas 18 and
      19 in the visual cortex of the cat brain, the distribution of synaptic terminals
      in every lamina of these areas was investigated after dissection of their border
      as deep as the grey matter. Mainly axo-dendritic synapses in large, small
      dendrites and in spines degenerated according to "light" and "dark" types were
      subjected to degeneration. All the laminae of the cortex were stated to
      participate in the formation of overlapping intracortical connections of areas 18
      and 19. The greatest nember of altered synaptic buds, however, were detected in
      the middle layers, that correlated the data of the light optic method (A. S.
      Iontov, 1961, 1962). To obtain more objective data on the number of intracortical
      fibrils connecting these areas, normal and altered synapses up to 100 units were
      counted in every layer. Uneven localization of intracortical connections in every
      layer and their different functional importance were demonstrated.

PMID- 678125
TI  - [DNA biosynthesis in the muscular and connective tissue cells of the heart in
      experimental myocardial infarct].
AB  - In 60 rabbits with experimental myocardial infarction induces by ligation of the
      anterior branch of the left coronary artery, DNA synthesis was studied by means
      of H3-thymidine in muscular and connective tissue cells depending on the period
      of myocardial infarction. The development of myocardial infarction in the cardiac
      muscle was stated to be accompanied by activation of DNA synthesis in the
      connective tissue cells not only in the necrotic zone but in the adjacent, as
      well as in distant areas of the myocardium and in stromal cells of the auriculum.
      Indices of H3-thymidine labeled nuclei were of high value during the acute period
      of myocardial infarction and gradually decreased with the time elapsed since the
      operation. During the period of the myocardical infarction organization high
      activity in DNA synthesis was revealed in connective tissue elements of the
      epicardium and the subepicardial zone of the heart. Myocardial cells of the
      cardiac auriculi incorporated H3-thymidine but extremely seldom-single labels per
      thousands of nuclei. In the auriculi with application of prolonged sessions of
      the labeled precussor introduction, DNA synthesising nuclei were revealed,
      sometimes with paired nuclei of cardiomyocytes.

PMID- 678126
TI  - [Change in the adrenal cortex of rats in stress after hypophysectomy,
      thyroidectomy and castration].
AB  - To elucidate factors producing destructive changes in the adrenal cortex under
      severe stress, the following experiments were performed: 1) severe combined
      stress (KC) including unilateral adrenalectomy and fixation in supin position for
      24 h (control group); 2)hypophysectomy KC; 3) thyroidectomy KC; 4) bilateral
      orchiectomy KC; 5) injection of vitamine "E" for 14 days + KC. The adrenals were
      studied by a complex of morphometrical and histochemical methods. Hypophysectomy
      prevented estructive changes in the adrenal cortex under KC. This effect was not
      connected with hypofunction of the thyroid gland and the testes, as their
      excision (in rats without hypophysectomy) did not prevent the development of
      necrobiotic changes in the adrenal cortex. A suggestion is made on a
      "corticolytic" effect of ACTH which reveals itself under severe stress.
      Destruction of adrenocorticocytes is supposed to result from activation of
      peroxide oxidation of lipids. This is indirectly supported by a large number of
      lipofuscin containing cells, by decrease in the activity of alkaline phosphatase
      and ATPh-ase, by activation of acid phosphatase and also by decreasing alterative
      phenomena at the injection of vitamine "E".

PMID- 678127
TI  - [Effect of various non-radioactive and radioactive chemical compounds on the
      structure of the spleen].
AB  - Dynamical changes in the spleen of mice and rats were studied morphometrically
      and electron microscopically when the animals were given in drinking water
      radionucleotides in small concentrations (137Cs, 226Ra, 89Sr, 65Zn, Pb(NO3)2,
      BeCl2, hexamethyleniamine, methylmercurchloride) for 1-2 years. Total doses
      obtained for a year were 0.3-100 rad. Reactive reconstruction of the organ under
      radioactive and chemical effects was stated to proceed in three directions: a)
      hyperplasy of lymphoid tissue; b) enhanced plasmocytogenesis; c) hyperplasy of
      extramedullar hemopoiesis. Sequence in the appearance of these reactions and
      doses which produced them were different for every compound. In 1-2 years at
      large doses (160-200 rad) atrophy, amyloid degeneration of the spleen or signs of
      leukemia were observed. Disturbance of intercellular contacts and of
      intracellular regeneration was demonstrated electron microscopically.

PMID- 678128
TI  - [Structure and function of the external part of the articular cartilage].
AB  - The data on electron microscopic studies of the main structural elements of the
      superficial layer of the articular cartilage are represented. The articular
      cartilage of the femoral lead in young rabbits has been studied. The articular
      cartilage has no ideal smooth surface but three are some pressings of different
      sizes. The most superficial cartilage layer--cell-free zone--consists of
      collagene fibers and hyaluronic fibrils which are closely connected with the
      ground substance of the cartilage. Superficial chondrocytes are mature,
      differentiated but functionally weakly active cells. Under normal conditions,
      destruction (obliteration) of the cell-free zone and desquamation of superficial
      cells are impossible.

PMID- 678129
TI  - [Effect of simultaneous administration of estradiol and progesterone on the
      proliferative pool of the uterine and vaginal epithelium in castrated rats].
AB  - By the method of autoradiography, the proliferative pool in the epithelia
      covering the vagina, uterine body and its glands was investigated in
      ovariectomized rats treated with oestradiol alone and in combination with
      progesterone, under repeated injections of 3H-thymedine for 24 h. None of the
      epithelia studied demonstrated the proliferative pool more than 80%. Oestradiol
      and oestradiol in combination with progesterone produced a considerable increase
      in the size of proliferating cell population in the vaginal and uterine epithlia
      in comparison with the control animals. In the vaginal epithelium, progesterone
      decreased the proliferative pool and inhibited migration of the labeled cells
      towards the superficial epithelial layer comparing with the injection of
      oestradiol alone. In the epithelium covering the uterus body, progesterone
      increased the size of proliferative cell population and delayed their rejection
      into the uterus cavity. In the epithelium of the uterus glands, there was no
      statistically significant differences in the amount of labeled cells by the end
      of the experiment both after oestradiol injection and after simultaneous
      injection of oestradiol and progesterone.

PMID- 678130
TI  - [Epithelial differentiation of rudimentary gonads of human embryos].
AB  - Changes in coelomic epihtelium of the germinal gonads in human embryos at the age
      of 28-35 days of intrauterine development were studied after fixation in Carnoy's
      fluid, in Shabadash's fluid, in 12% neutral formalin. Paraffin sections were
      stained with hematoxylin, with ferric hematoxylin after Heidenhain. Fibrils of
      the basal membrane were detected by silver impregnation after Karupu. PAS
      reaction after McManus with additional staining by hamatoxylin and light green
      and the reaction with bromfenol blue after Michel-Kalvoux to reveal total
      proteins were applied. Since gonad formation, its coelomic epithelium resembles
      false pseudostratified one: the nuclei are arranged at different levels, with
      apical position of mitoses. The cells of the "germinal" epithelium secrete
      protein-polysaccharide products. The process reaches its maximum by 31-33 day of
      embryogenesis and coincides with the appearance of the gonads of primary sex
      cells in the epithelium. This secretion is probably connected with production of
      an "attractive factor" for gonocytes. On apical surfaces of the epithelium of the
      gonads, silver impregnation, PAS-reaction and reaction for total proteins reveal
      an edge which is probably represented by microvilli. The basal membrane of the
      coelomic epithelium of the gonads loses its integrity when migrating gonads
      penetrate into the "germinal" epithelium. Later, the integrity of the basal
      membrane structure is restorted. All these make it possible to consider the
      epithelium of the embryonal gonads as a specific, different from the other
      coelomic epithelium layer.

PMID- 678131
TI  - [Change in the gonocytic nuclei at different stages of their differentiation in
      early human female embryos].
AB  - Fourteen human female embryos at the age of 18, 32, 33 days and 6, 7, 9, 10, 11
      weeks fixed in Carnoy's fluid and in 12% neutral formalin have been studied.
      Paraffin sections stained with hematoxylin, methyl green - pyronine were examined
      under light microscope. Staining with fluorochrome Xexct 33258" was applied for
      luminescent microscopy. Gonocyte nuclei both localized in the wall of yolk sac
      and during their migration differ from somatic cells by "blasomere" type of their
      nucleus organization. During this stage of development, gonocyte nuclei have no
      sex chromatin, although it is distinctly detected in the nuclei of surrounding
      somatic cells in the same embryos. After the gonocytes had contacts with
      "germinal" epithelium, heterochromatization of one X-chromosome occurs. Sex
      chromatin is preserved in the nuclei of oogonia disappearing in the course of
      preleptotene. At differentiation in oogonia, the nucleus of sex chromatin and the
      structure of their chromatin undergo certain changes.

PMID- 678132
TI  - [Our experience in improving practical studies in histology].

PMID- 678133
TI  - [Intracellular regeneration and structuro-functional analysis of biological
      processes in normal cases and in pathology].
AB  - The author elucidates some problems in the history and the modern state in the
      doctrine on intracellular regenerative processes. Electron microscopic
      radioautography is considered as the most adequate method for studying
      intracellular regeneration. Certain examples are given to illustrate principally
      new possibilities of the structural-functional analysis of intracellular
      processes, normal and pathologic, studied by means of this method in view of the
      conception of intracellular generation. At the same time, new perspectives for
      further elaborating the problem of structural and functional integrity are
      stressed.

PMID- 678134
TI  - [Changes in the lymph nodes of adrenalectomized rats with staphylococcal
      poisoning].
AB  - Histological changes in lymph nodes and dynamics of 11-oxycorticosteroid levels
      in blood were studied in intact and adrenalectomized rats under staphylococcal
      intoxication. At early stages (up to 24 h) after staphylotoxin or staphylococcal
      injection, stress reaction of the organism, which produces a rise of
      corticosteroid level in blood, was demonstrated to play the major role in aplasy
      of the lymphoid tissue. At later stages, when the level of corticosteroids
      decreases, the lymphoid tissue begins to restore. In adrenalectomized rats,
      aplasy of the lymphoid tissue begins at later stages (in 3--4 days) because of a
      decreased amount of corticosteroids in blood. From the data obtained a suggestion
      is made that under intoxication, devastation of the lymphoid tissue occurs via
      mediated and direct action of the toxin.

PMID- 678135
TI  - [Rhythmicity of structural components of the thyroid gland at different stages of
      postnatal ontogenesis (morphometric study)].
AB  - Age evolution of biological rhythms in the activity of the thyroid gland has been
      studied at organic, tissue and cellular levels. The thyroid glands have been
      studied in 144 male mice, A/He strain, of three age groups: 14--17-day-old (young
      premature), 55--60-day-old (mature) and 160--170-day-old (ageing animals). The
      mean height of follicular cells, stereological index of resorption, relative
      volumes of follicular and interfollicular epithelium, colloid and stroma have
      been considered, as well as relations of volumetric fractions in certain tissue
      components. The data obtained have been processed with a computer. Multicomponent
      character of the rhythms for all indices studied has been revealed, circadian,
      ultradiurnal and infradiurnal components including. Spectral analysis of the
      rhythms has revealed steady tendency towards decreasing relative power of
      ultradiurnal fluctuations with age while circadian rhythmics become more
      pronounced. Amplitude of the circadian component of all the rhythms studied
      increases with growth and development of the animal and decreases for a number of
      indices in ageing mice. Maximal activity of the organ, as stated the data of
      morphometric analysis, in all three groups corresponds to the night time.

PMID- 678137
TI  - [X-ray anatomy of the superior mesenteric artery according to intravital
      angiographic findings].
AB  - Analysis of clinical angiograms made in 1,624 subjects has determined
      roentgenological differential signs in the upper mesenteric artery. They help to
      recognise the artery in roentgenograms of frontal and lateral projections
      regardless the method of contrasting. For the first time roentgenological data on
      this vessel are obtained concerning age, sex and habitus of the subjects
      examined. The data were calculated according to biometrical requirements. In
      women, the artery begins higher than in men. In the asthenics, the artery begins
      lower than in the normosthenics and still lower than in the hypersthenics. The
      diameter of the artery in man is wider than in women. At the age of 60 years, the
      arterial lumen is 10--15% wider than that in persons below 20 years of age.

PMID- 678136
TI  - [Effect of ethnic affiliation and the high altitude factor on the tubular bones
      of the hand in children from Dagestan (x-ray osteologic study)].
AB  - Dimentions of tubular bones were compared concerning ethnic and climatic
      geographical peculiarities of populations (under the conditions of ethnic
      homogenity of the groups). The data obtained demonstrated that Avarian people
      living at the altitude of 2,000 m differ from Avarian people living at the
      altitude of 1,000--1,100 m and from Kumyk people living at the foothills (500-
      600 m) in faster growth of the tubular bones of the hand and in their larger
      dimentions. Activation in bone growth of the Avarian people living high in the
      mountains results in "discoordination" of increment values of separate dimentions
      and in decrease of the correlation level.

PMID- 678138
TI  - [X-ray topographic features of the small and large intestines in newborn
      infants].

PMID- 678139
TI  - [Ultrastructure of duodenal endocrine cells in children].
AB  - All ultrastructural varieties of endocrine cells, described in literature for
      adult persons, were revealed in the epithelium of the duodenal crypts of children
      at the age of 6--14 years. The cells form rather distinct groups in accordance
      with the International Classification, that speaks in favour of adequate
      application of the methods for processing the material and allows to compare the
      data obtained with those in literature. Endocrine cells in children, however,
      demonstrate greater polymorphism as their secretory granules differ in density
      even within a single cell. This phenomenon, along with detecting degenerative
      forms, demonstrates active functioning of this cell system in children.

PMID- 678140
TI  - [Effect of combined exposure to hypokinesia and gravitational stress on the
      structure of the wall of the renal vein].
AB  - Renal veins from 25 rabbits were investigated by means of imbedding in paraffin
      with subsequent hematoxylin--eosin staining, after Van Gieson and with fuchselin
      after Hart. Prolonged hypokinesia (over 3 weeks) with subsequent single
      application of gravitational overloading was stated to produce some structural
      changes in the wall of the renal vein. They are manifested as loosening of the
      middle vascular sheath with vacuolization of myocytes and outgrowth of its
      elastic elements. Hypokinesia of longer duration (8 weeks) with subsequent
      gravitational overloading produces atrophy of smooth muscle tissue in the middle
      sheath of the venous wall that brings about decreasing in tonus of the wall of
      the renal vein.

PMID- 678141
TI  - [Ultrastructural changes in the kidney in the erectile phase of burn shock].
AB  - Electron microscopical changes in the renal morphofunctional units were studied
      during the first minutes after termal trauma in the experiments performed with
      mongrel male dogs. The glomeruli were demonstrated to have some evidence of
      glomerulonephritis, particularly, in the capillaries of those glomeruli where
      local thickening of the basal membrane was most constant and where endothelium
      and podocytes, i. e. the structures directly participating in filtration were
      involved in the process. Proximal areas of nephrons had a peculiar compact
      mitochondrial matrix, disturbed basal-apical mitochondrial orientation,
      shortening of plasmolemma folds, increase in cytosomal number. Activation in the
      latter was accompanied not only with focal degeneration of cytoplasm but with
      some changes in the cell as a whole with its subsequent squamation into the
      lumen. In the epithelium of distal parts of the nephrons and collecting tubes,
      distrophic changes were registered, as well as a reduction in the folds of
      plasmolemma which was followed by a disturbance in the integrity of the basal
      labyrinth and mitochondrial swelling. A large amount of vesicular elements were
      noted in cytoplasm of the cells, the cells were swelled and underwent focal
      degeneration.

PMID- 678143
TI  - Pulmonary function tests.

PMID- 678142
TI  - [Twelve year attempt at applying programmed monitoring to the teaching of
      anatomy].

PMID- 678144
TI  - Pseudomembranous colitis.

PMID- 678145
TI  - Colposcopy update.

PMID- 678146
TI  - Cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II): A new antitumor agent.

PMID- 678147
TI  - The distressed physician: where do we go from here?

PMID- 678149
TI  - Medicine in Mexico. X. Human resources.

PMID- 678150
TI  - Localization of a parathyroid adenoma with thermography.

PMID- 678148
TI  - Radiology. Case of the month no. 32.

PMID- 678151
TI  - Scabies: the diagnostic dilemma.

PMID- 678152
TI  - [Morphology of influenza in the prodromal period (experimental study)].
AB  - The prodromal period of influenza infection was studied in 14 random-bred mice
      using electron microscopy. The most marked reaction to the invasion of influenza
      virus virions in the first day was found to develop in large alveolar cells. The
      defence response of the body in this period was manifested morphologically by a
      release into the alveolar lumen of plate osmiophilic bodies containing a
      surfactant, and later by leucocytary infiltration of interalveolar septa. Early
      in influenza infection pulmonary macrophages took no part in the defence response
      of the body.

PMID- 678153
TI  - [Ultrastructural changes in the central nervous system of mice in tick-borne
      encephalitis].
AB  - Tick-borne encephalitis virus is localized in nerve cells and intracellular
      spaces. According to the nature of ultrastructural changes, the pathological
      process in nerve cells may be divided into three stages connected with the stages
      of virus reproduction. In the first stage, the protein-synthesizing systems of
      the cell are degraded. In the second stage specific virus inclusions form in the
      cell cytoplasm as aggregates of mature and immature virions alongside with
      destruction of ultrastructures and growth of smooth membranes. In the third stage
      degradation of neurons is accompanied by necrobiosis and discomplexation of the
      surrounding glial elements, processes, cells of the inflammatory infiltrate and
      capillary walls. A certain combination of nonspecific changes in organelles of
      various cells with viral inclusions makes the ultrastructural picture of the
      focus of lesions in tick-borne encephalitis sufficiently characteristic for
      differential pathological diagnosis.

PMID- 678154
TI  - [Diagnostic possibilities of gastric biopsy in stomach cancer].
AB  - The results of histological examinations of gastric biopsies are presented; over
      20% of the biopsies are sent for examinations with the diagnosis of cancer of
      suspected cancer of the stomach. Histological examinations of gastrobiopsies
      confirm only 62% of definite endoscopic diagnoses of gastric cancer which is
      explained either by a wrong choice of the affection area for biopsy or wrong
      evaluation of the gastroscopic picture of early cancer. It was first discoverd in
      15.5% of cases of histologically confirmed gastric cancer in first examinations
      of materials of gastric biopsies. Early carcinoma was found in over half of these
      cases. Erroneous diagnoses in examinations of materials from gastric biopsies
      were established in 3.5% of the cases. They include both false positive and false
      negative conclusions on gastric cancer.

PMID- 678155
TI  - [Clinico-morphological characteristics of bilateral breast cancer].
AB  - During 22 years (1955--1976) in the Department of Endocrinology of the
      Oncological Research Center of the USSR AMS 2953 patients were treated for
      primary mammary cancer, 87 (2.9%) of them developed bilateral mammary cancer. The
      differential diagnosis of primary and metastic cancer was based on the
      combination of clinical and morphological data: the extent and stage of the
      process in both mammary glands, localization of tumor nodes, duration of the
      interval between the development of cancer in the first and the second mammary
      gland, the absence of relapses and metastases after treatment of the first
      carcinoma and during a year after the second mastectomy, the degree of malignancy
      of the tumors, invasion of blood and lymph vessels of the gland and the
      background against which the tumor had developed.

PMID- 678156
TI  - [Carcinosarcoma of the uterus and ovaries].
AB  - It was established on the material of 15 observations that carcinosarcomas
      represented a distinct group of rarely occurring malignancies. Among malignant
      tumors of the body of the uterus, cervix and ovary they comprise 1.5%, 0.03% and
      0.17%, respectively. The details of the structure of two tumor components,
      epithelial and mesenchymal, are described. A special group of carcinosarcomas of
      the body of the uterus and ovary consisting of three tumor germs,
      adenoacanthocarcinosarcoma, is distinguished.

PMID- 678157
TI  - [Inverted papilloma of the bladder].
AB  - No more than 40 cases of inverted papilloma (IP) of the urinary bladder have been
      reported in literature. The author presents 2 observations of IP in both of which
      the epithelial transitional cellular structures showed submerged pseudoinvasive
      growth and a peculiar inversion of the villous strucure. The tumor is benign
      clinically and histologically, its benign nature is confirmed by the remote
      results of observations. Despite the fact that the histogenesis of IP is not
      quite clear yet, the author, as most other investigators, classify IP according
      to the International Histological Classification as benign tumor differing from
      common papillomas of the urinary bladded only in the direction of the growth and
      the arrangement of villous structures.

PMID- 678158
TI  - [Reactive changes and the phagocytic activity of the glial cells in pathological
      processes in the central nervous system].
AB  - This review deals with the current status of reactive changes and phagocytic
      activity in various types of glia in the CNS. Data from literature and partly our
      own findings on the reactive processes in oligodendrocytes, astrocytes,
      microgliocytes, and "multipotential glia" as well as their relationship with
      mesenchymal cells, particularly with those of hematogenous origin are given.
      Glial reactions both in pathological processes (Walter degeneration, trauma, etc)
      and in different functional states during the development of the central nervous
      system are considered.

PMID- 678159
TI  - [Metabolism of the ischemic heart. Biochemical characterization of myocardial
      ischemia].

PMID- 678160
TI  - [Use of verapamil in the control of hypertensive vascular crisis and effects on
      the urinary sodium and potassium concentrations and plasma renin activity].

PMID- 678161
TI  - [Hemodynamic effects of verapamil in patients with coronary insufficiency].

PMID- 678162
TI  - [Polarographic study of the effect of verapamil on respiratory activity and
      oxidative phosphorylation of mitochondria].

PMID- 678163
TI  - [Effect of verapamil in experimental ventricular arrhythmias, induced by ligation
      of the coronary artery in dogs].

PMID- 678164
TI  - [Anti-hypertensive effect of intravenous verapamil in rats with experimental
      arterial hypertension].

PMID- 678165
TI  - [Comparative study of the medium term use of verapamil and perhexiline in the
      treatment of chronic coronary insufficiency. Clinical and cycloergometric
      evaluation].

PMID- 678166
TI  - [Vasodilator effects of verapamil and propafenon].

PMID- 678167
TI  - [Re-evaluation of the use of verapamil in supraventricular tachyarrhythmias].

PMID- 678168
TI  - [Verapamil associated with quinidine in the treatment of chronic atrial
      fibrillation].

PMID- 678169
TI  - [Verapamil and severe pre-eclampsia. Plasma and urinary levels of urea,
      creatinine, sodium, potassium, chloride and calcium].

PMID- 678170
TI  - Severe adolescent-onset proliferative diabetic retinopathy: the effect of
      pituitary ablation.
AB  - Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is uncommon in patients younger than the
      age of 20 and has been rarely reported. Since 1969, 14 adolescents with severe
      PDR have been seen, the youngest of whom was 16 years old and the oldest, 19
      years old. The shortest duration of diabetes mellitus prior to diagnosis of PDR
      was eight years. Ten patients had a positive family history of diabetes. Thirteen
      patients had suboptimal metabolic control. Ten patients had some degree of
      azotemia, seven were hypertensive, and six had proteinuria. Ophthalmic findings
      included advanced neovascular and fibrous proliferation on initial
      classification, and rapid progression to blindness-which was most frequently
      secondary to traction retinal detachment. In a small retrospective study,
      pituitary ablation may have offered greater preservation of vision than that
      observed in untreated patients.

PMID- 678171
TI  - Retinal detachment due to ocular penetration. I. Clinical characteristics and
      surgical results.
AB  - The records of 74 patients--young and almost exclusively males--with retinal
      detachment due to ocular penetration were reviewed to study the characteristics
      and surgical results of this type of traumatic retinal detachment. There was a
      high incidence of industrial and domestic accidents. The incidence and degree of
      myopia were significantly lower than in nontraumatic cases of retinal detachment.
      The time interval between the injury and the detection of the retinal detachment
      was variable. Many of the eyes with longer latent intervals had classic signs of
      traumatic retinal detachment. The most common type of retinal break was a
      dialysis in the oral zone at the posterior vitreous base border. The most common
      cause of these retinal breaks was severe traction from contracting vitreous bands
      and membranes that followed the loss of vitreous gel from the eye. Surgical
      results were relatively poor; recurrence was common because of progressive
      vitreous pathology. Postoperative traction on the vitreous base by the continued
      shrinkage of vitreous membranes was noted in 50% of the eyes that contained such
      membranes preoperatively.

PMID- 678172
TI  - Focal parafoveal retinal telangiectasis.
AB  - We describe four patients, two of whom are sisters, with an unusual form of
      retinal telangiectasis. The vascular abnormality is localized to the temporal
      parafoveal retina and is virtually identical in appearance in every patient.
      Other characteristics include: both men and women are involved, both eyes are
      generally affected, and symptoms develop in middle life. Laser photocoagulation
      succeeds in improving the visual acuity in the treated eyes. The consistency of
      the appearance and location, and the familial tendency indicates these cases
      probably form a subgroup of retinal telangiectasis.

PMID- 678173
TI  - Solar retinitis after minimal exposure.
AB  - Solar retinitis after prolonged or purposeful exposure to the sun has been
      reported many times. In this study, three patients were seen with the clinical
      diagnosis of solar retinitis but without an initial compatible history.
      Previously, such persons have frequently been categorized as having foveomacular
      retinitis. In this study, careful follow-up history was obtained in an attempt to
      find an origin for the condition of the patients. Evidence for very brief, high
      intensity, and long-term low-intensity exposure to the sun's radiant energy was
      substantiated. Theoretical consideration was made of the mechanisms by which this
      type of exposure produced retinal damage.

PMID- 678174
TI  - Abnormal chloroidal circulation: association with arteriovenous fistula in the
      cavernous sinus area.
AB  - Abnormalities in the choroidal circulation developed in two patients with
      arteriovenous fistulae in the area of the cavernous sinus. Fluorescein
      angiography in both patients revealed delayed filling of their choroidal
      circulation. In the first patient, this was associated with a central serous
      detachment of the retina secondary to a retinal pigment epithelial defect. In the
      second patient, a large choroidal detachment and serous retinal detachment, which
      resolved spontaneously developed. High venous pressure, low mean arterial
      pressure, and subsequent tissue hypoxia are postulated to be the cause of the
      altered choroidal circulation. The possibility of occult dural arteriovenous
      fistulae should be considered in the differential diagnosis in patients with a
      choroidal detachment, proptosis, and a red eye.

PMID- 678175
TI  - Serous detachment of the macular associated with presumed choroidal nevi.
AB  - Twenty cases of small pigmented choroidal lesions, which were associated with
      subretinal fluid in the foveal area, were studied clinically and with fluorescein
      angiography. The ophthalmoscopic appearance as well as the clinical course of
      these lesions suggest that they are benign. One lesion, however, after remaining
      stable for four years, showed dramatic enlargement and was demonstrated to be a
      malignant melanoma following enucleation. The occurrence of subretinal fluid in
      such cases does not necessarily imply malignant change, although careful follow
      up examinations are imperative.

PMID- 678176
TI  - A proposed pilocarpine therapeutic test.
AB  - For the pilocarpine therapeutic test that we have devised, one drop (0.1 ml) of
      2% pilocarpine hydrochloride (an arbitrarily chosen concentration) is instilled
      in the glaucomatous eye to be treated, and the intraocular pressure is measured
      hourly for four hours. If the IOP does not fall below 24 mm Hg, which is our
      chosen pressure limit, the response is considered to be inadequate
      therapeutically. Our study showed that if an inadequate therapeutic response is
      obtained, initiation of treatment with 2% pilocarpine is not indicated, since in
      patients with such a response, continued treatment with 2% pilocarpine will be
      ineffective in controlling IOPs on subsequent clinical visits. In only those
      cases of patients with an adequate response to the pilocarpine therapeutic test
      (with a fall in pressure below 24 mm Hg) was there the likelihood of having the
      glaucoma controlled with continued 2% pilocarpine treatment.

PMID- 678177
TI  - Fluorescein iris angiography. I. Normal pattern.
AB  - Fluorescein iris angiography was performed in 42 normal blue or green human eyes
      to investigate the normal angiographic pattern and in vivo circulation of the
      iris. Brown irides were unsuitable for the angiography because the brown pigment
      masked fluorescence. The pattern in the iris was much more complex than in the
      retina when seen on fluorescein angiography, with interindividual variations in
      its filling, and these physiological variations may erroneously be considered
      pathological. Radial arteries of the iris filled rather sluggishly and the
      circulation in the pupillary and peripupillary region was often much slower than
      in the peripheral part of the iris. Various segments of the iris usually filled
      in an irregular order. There was no distinct venous phase, but it merged with the
      arteriovenous phase. The pupillary region of the iris between the collarette
      (which contained a fragmented and incomplete minor circle of vessels) and the
      pupillary margin contained a dense plexus of capillaries. The normal vessels
      usually showed no fluorescein leakage.

PMID- 678178
TI  - Fluorescein iris angiography. II. Disturbances in iris circulation following
      strabismus operation on the various recti.
AB  - Iris circulation was investigated by fluorescein iris angiography in 33 human
      eyes before and after tenotomy of one or more recti for correction of strabismus.
      Tenotomy of one or both horizontal recti produced no appreciable circulatory
      disturbance in the iris, but tenotomy of superior or inferior rectus produced
      circulatory delay in superior temporal or inferior temporal sectors,
      respectively, of the iris. When tenotomies of a horizontal and one or two
      vertical recti were combined, the defect occurred in the region of the vertical
      rectus only. Blood supply of the nasal half of the iris was usually not disturbed
      by tenotomy of the vertical and/or medial rectus. The findings indicate that the
      blood supply of the iris is segmental and suggest that, in strabismus surgery,
      cutting the two vertical recti along with the lateral rectus may subject the eye
      to the risk of anterior segment ischemia. In the light of the present findings,
      physiological anatomy of the blood supply of the iris and role of the major
      arterial circle of the iris are discussed.

PMID- 678179
TI  - Corneal complications after closed vitrectomy through the pars plana.
AB  - A retrospective study of 150 patients who underwent closed vitrectomy through the
      pars plana evaluated the incidence and character of postoperative corneal
      complications. Corneal changes developed in 43% of patients. Thirty patients had
      significant corneal complications, half of which resolved with treatment.
      Fourteen patients had complications that necessitated corneal surgery or resulted
      in loss of useful vision. Diabetic patients were at greatest risk for corneal
      problems, particularly postoperative epithelial defects. Intraoperative
      lensectomy was the only other factor that increased the corneal complication
      rate. The importance of early recognition and therapy for corneal changes after
      vitrectomy becomes apparent.

PMID- 678180
TI  - Conjunctival adnexal cysts and dermoids.
AB  - Of 128 cysts diagnosed clinically and pathologically as epidermoids and dermoids,
      12 lesions were discovered that were lined by nonkeratinizing squamous epithelium
      with variable numbers of admixed goblet cells. Five lesions did not contain any
      adnexal structures in their walls and were designated as simple conjunctival
      cysts; seven lesions additionally displayed appendages in their walls and were
      diagnosed as conjunctival dermoids. Clinically, this group of 12 cysts differed
      from classic epidermoids and dermoids by their overwhelming superomedial location
      and absence of associated osseous defects. It is proposed that these
      nonkeratinizing cysts represent sequestrations of conjunctival-type epithelium,
      analogous to the displacements of keratinizing surface epidermis that are most
      commonly responsible for the production of classic epidermoids and dermoids. It
      is possible to confuse conjunctival cysts and dermoids with mucoceles.

PMID- 678181
TI  - Idiopathic inflammatory orbital pseudotumor in childhood. I. Clinical
      characteristics.
AB  - The cases of 29 patients aged 20 years or less with orbital inflammatory
      pseudotumor were studied retrospectively. There was no sex predilection, although
      the left orbit was involved twice as often as the right. Patients typically had
      abrupt onset of periocular pain, early-morning swelling, chemosis, conjunctival
      and extraocular muscle injection, proptosis, a palpable mass, and extraocular
      motility disturbances. Visual acuity was usually only mildly affected at onset.
      Forty-five percent of patients had or subsequently developed bilateral orbital
      involvement in the absence of notable systemic diseases. Papilledema and iritis
      were seen in 35% of patients, respectively, particularly in bilateral cases. All
      cases responded to steroids, but bilateral disease was the most apt to become
      steroid dependent. Permanent functional impairments were seen most commonly in
      patients who had alternating recurrent bilateral disease or who underwent
      surgical exploration.

PMID- 678182
TI  - The blepharocardiac reflex.
AB  - The oculocardiac reflex is described as the triad of bradycardia, nausea, and
      faintness evoked by the stretching of ocular muscles, or by pressure on or within
      the eyeball. The trigeminal nerve is the afferent limb of this reflex; the
      efferent limb is the vagus nerve to the heart. This reflex was noted to occur
      from traction on the levator aponeurosis in five of 36 patients with ptosis, and
      from traction on the retractors of the lower eyelid in three of 11 patients with
      entropion. To our knowledge, this is the first documentation of eliciting this
      reflex by stretching the muscles of the eyelid. Electrocardiogram monitoring for
      early recognition of these cases, and the availability of an intravenous line
      with atropine for prompt treatment are strongly recommended. Careful manipulation
      of the upper and lower eyelid retractors and preoperative atropine therapy may
      help to reduce the incidence of this reflex.

PMID- 678183
TI  - Hypoplasia of the optic nerve.
AB  - Premorbid ophthalmoscopic and histopathologic findings were correlated in a case
      of bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia in a 9-month-old infant with bilateral
      hydranencephaly. The double-ring sign was due to an extension of retina and
      retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) over the outer portion of the lamina cribrosa.
      The outer ring was the junction between sclera and lamina cribrosa, and the inner
      ring was the termination of the RPE. The center of the inner ring was the
      hypoplastic nerve head, which appeared whitish because of fibroglial tissue
      surrounding the central retinal vessels where they entered the optic nerve head.
      We speculate that an in utero vascular insult, after the third month of
      development, led to cystic cavitation of the anterior cerebral hemispheres, with
      subsequent retrograde degeneration of developing retinal ganglion cells.

PMID- 678184
TI  - Definitive treatment of congenital larcrimal sac fistula.
AB  - The procedure we describe is believed to be a rational and effective approach to
      the rare but preplexing problem of congenital lacrimal sac fistula. The procedure
      is based on the principles of: (1) definite location of the lacrimal sac for
      protection of canaliculi and sac through probe insertion; (2) fastidious
      dissection of the tract to its base; and (3) positive testing of the suture and
      sac site for leakage.

PMID- 678185
TI  - Anaerobic flora of the normal human conjunctival sac.
AB  - Specimens from the conjunctival sacs of 92 healthy eyes were cultured on two
      separate occasions to determine the presence or absence of a persistent anaerobic
      flora. Aerobic bacteria and fungi were also studied for comparison. Of the 184
      eye cultures, 112 (60.9%) contained at least one microorganism. Obligate
      anaerobes were recovered from 51.6% (95/184) of the cultures. Propionibacterium
      acnes, the predominant anaerobe encountered, was present in 49.5% (91/184) of the
      eyes. Aerobic and facultatively anaerobic bacteria, present in 32.6% of the total
      eye cultures, were less common than obligate anaerobes. Staphylococcus
      epidermidis was the most common of these. Fungi were rarely found. Our findings
      suggest that the conjunctival sac is either sterile or normally contains small
      numbers of anaerobic, aerobic, or facultatively anaerobic bacteria. As other
      workers have suggested, the origin of the bacteria in the eyes may be the skin of
      the eyelids.

PMID- 678186
TI  - Combining of fluorescent and incandescent lighting for ophthalmologic examination
      rooms.

PMID- 678187
TI  - The rubber glove graft for mucous membrane reconstruction.

PMID- 678188
TI  - Facial rehabilitation with temporal muscle. New concepts.
AB  - Facial rehabilitation, utilizing the transposed temporalis muscle, was performed.
      Three new innovations of this technique include: (1) The whole muscle is
      transposed into the face to accomplish augmentation, support, protection for the
      eye, and movement. (2) Following transposition of the temporalis muscle, its
      nerve supply is lysed at the foramen ovale. Nerve substitution by a free,
      autogenous graft from the proximal segment of the ipsilateral facial nerve or
      crossfacial sural nerve is accomplished. This technique substitutes the facial
      nerve axons and nuclei for the trigeminal nerve in this muscle and thus
      eliminates movement on mastication and facilitates the possibility for
      expression. (3) This muscle may be transposed with a portion of the temporal and
      parietal bones to add bony architecture to the cheek and orbit.

PMID- 678189
TI  - An incus replacement prosthesis. The ossicle cup.
AB  - To achieve better hearing after incus replacement surgery, the ossicle-cup
      prosthesis is introduced. This prosthesis incorporates part of a Teflon
      Robinson's stapes prosthesis into the body of an incus. The ossicle-cup
      prosthesis has a dynamic joint with the stapes capitulum, as well as a variable
      height above the stapes. Preliminary hearing results of 45 cases show air-bone
      gap closure of 67% within 10 dB and 98% within 20 dB.

PMID- 678190
TI  - Prosthetic functional therapy. A new method for rehabilitation of the orally
      handicapped patient.
AB  - A new approach to the rehabilitation of individuals who are orally handicapped
      after surgery offers direct support to dysfunctioning oral musculature, as well
      as physiologic conditioning to redirect tongue posture. Prosthetic functional
      therapy can be used to improve problems of speech, swallowing, drooling, and
      mastication in cases where structural loss of neuromuscular impairment have
      affected the functional competence of oral tissues. Patients who experience this
      therapy become highly motivated to succeed in rehabilitation as a result of a
      positive feedback that is provided by improvement in functional competence.
      Patients express both satisfaction and comfort and tend to progress favorably in
      the course of therapy.

PMID- 678191
TI  - Hearing aid evaluations for persons with total postlingual hearing loss.
AB  - To answer the question whether persons with total postlingual hearing loss can
      benefit from hearing aid use, hearing aid evaluations were carried out for 18
      subjects. Nonstandardized listening tasks were necessitated because none of the
      subjects could discriminate speech. Subjective considerations played an integral
      role in the evaluation procedure. The results of the evaluations were as follows:
      (1) six subjects became new hearing aid users; (2) two retained the aids they
      were already wearing; (3) one improved when the hearing aid was changed to the
      opposite ear; (4) one obtained a satisfactory replacement for an inadequate
      instrument; and (5) eight were unable to use an aid to advantage. Thus, it is
      important that all persons with total postlingual hearing loss be afforded the
      opportunity of a careful hearing aid evaluation.

PMID- 678192
TI  - Lethal thyroid carcinoma.
AB  - Forty-three patients who died of thyroid carcinoma (29 well-differentiated and 14
      poorly differentiated tumors) were evaluated to define the parameters that affect
      the lethal nature of this tumor. Differentiated, limited extent of tumor and a
      young age at diagnosis correlated favorably with length of survival. Sex showed a
      trend in favor of female patients, while specific histologic characteristics and
      extent of resection showed no positive correlation. Based on these findings and a
      review of the literature, we recommend a radical approach in the management of
      localized, poorly differentiated tumors. For well-differentiated cancer,
      resection of the thyroid gland and the paratracheal, jugular, and upper
      mediastinal lymph nodes is advised.

PMID- 678193
TI  - Prediction of sensorineural hearing level from the brain stem evoked response.
AB  - Correlational analysis was carried out between the auditory brain stem evoked
      response (BER) threshold, BER latency, and various audiometric indices in 275
      ears with varying degrees and configurations of sensorineural hearing loss.
      Results confirm the importance of sensitivity in the 1 to 4-kHZ region to the
      brain stem response. Sensitivity over this frequency region is best predicted as
      0.6 of the BER threshold. Brain stem evoked response latency in the 70- to 90-dB
      hearing level range increases about 0.2 ms for each 30-dB increase in the
      steepness of the audiometric contour between 1 and 4 kHZ. Finally, audiometric
      shape appears to be more important than absolute high-frequency sensitivity in
      determining BER latency.

PMID- 678194
TI  - Cochlear reserve in otosclerosis. A long-term follow-up study of fenestration
      cases.
AB  - In this long-term follow-up study of fenestration cases, a remarkable stability
      in sensorineural hearing levels is demonstrated. Since the focus of otosclerosis
      was not removed at the time of fenestration surgery, this bone conduction
      stability is an indication that the ear can withstand the presence of an
      otosclerotic lesion that produces stapes fixation for long periods of time
      without sensorineural deterioration. It would seem that the otosclerotic lesion
      in ears suitable for fenestration surgery has had little tendency to invade
      deeply into the cochlear capsule.

PMID- 678195
TI  - Bilateral choristomas of the external auditory canals.
AB  - To our knowledge, we report the first case of external auditory canal choristomas
      in the American literature. The pathologic condition of each side was serous
      salivary tissue, and at surgery, there was no connection with the parotid gland.

PMID- 678196
TI  - Simultaneous bilateral parotid and submandibular gland calculi.
AB  - A recent review of the medical literature revealed no recorded cases of
      simultaneous bilateral parotid and submandibular calculi. We present such a case
      with roentgenographic documentation.

PMID- 678197
TI  - Rupture of the carotid artery from a hypopharyngeal foreign body.
AB  - A 16-year-old boy ruptured his common carotid artery after ingestion of an open
      safety pin. This unusual occurrence is presented, along with a review of the
      literature and recommendations for proximal and distal ligation of the involved
      artery.

PMID- 678198
TI  - Bilateral trigeminal nerve sensory deficits and nasal deformity.
AB  - A nasal deformity developed in a woman with bilateral trigeminal sensory
      deficits. A comparison of the clinical and pathologic features of this case with
      those of several other cases that have been reported previously suggests a
      relationship between the bilateral fifth nerve lesions and the nasal damage. The
      aforementioned clinical combination does not appear to be pathognomonic of any
      specific nosologic entity. However, it probably should be accorded the status of
      a clinical syndrome since the nasal degeneration apparently occurs only if both
      fifth nerves are affected.

PMID- 678200
TI  - State government takes steps to combat drug menace.

PMID- 678199
TI  - Audiologic quiz case.

PMID- 678201
TI  - Be prepared for the virtual obsolescence of the general practitioner.

PMID- 678202
TI  - Let us be there.

PMID- 678203
TI  - Teenagers in today's society.
AB  - The alienation of the adolescent and late-adolescent of western societies in the
      late 60s and into the 70s has created disturbances which show up as 'illness' in
      families and youth. This article discusses the aetiology of such illness, and
      suggests an approach to the problem by counselling rather than by the use of
      drugs.

PMID- 678204
TI  - A doctor at school.
AB  - Whether we are parents, teachers, doctors or other health professionals, we share
      a major concern in the growing number of adolescents who can be called
      'alienated'. These people feel 'out-of-touch' with themselves, with others and
      with society. The causes and consequences are complex, but a greater awareness of
      the difficulties involved in growing up today, and a greater willingness for
      harmonious interaction between us all will be of benefit, not only to the
      adolescents we may help more effectively, but also to ourselves in our
      professional development. To the doctor, the school represents an influential
      environment for the adolescent that may play an important role in the aetiology
      of maladaptation. The school also represents an underutilized potential for
      health education and intervention, and for individual as well as
      multidisciplinary health care.

PMID- 678205
TI  - Alcohol, and the adolescent drinker.

PMID- 678206
TI  - Depressive illnesses in adolescence.

PMID- 678207
TI  - Use of topical corticosteroid preparations.

PMID- 678208
TI  - Manpower and the FMP.

PMID- 678209
TI  - Dietary management of hyperkinesis and behavioural problems.

PMID- 678210
TI  - Aspects of cancer. An informal group discussion with Mr. David Hill, Education
      Director of the Anti-Cancer Council of Victoria, Melbourne, August 17, 1977.

PMID- 678211
TI  - Whose crisis?

PMID- 678212
TI  - Serological diagnosis of hydatid disease.

PMID- 678214
TI  - The GP and the cancer patient. What does a GP do about the person who might have
      cancer?

PMID- 678213
TI  - Team medicine. Is it effective? Is it practical?

PMID- 678215
TI  - Changes in plasma tryptophan and melatonin content in penned sheep.
AB  - The present study was undertaken to examine the relationship between the plasma
      levels of melatonin and its precursor tryptophan. No circadian changes in plasma
      total tryptophan content were evident which could be related to the marked night
      time rise in plasma melatonin. An automated programmable blood sampling device
      suited to studies of circadian rhythms in blood constituents is described.

PMID- 678216
TI  - Pyridoxine and atherosclerosis: role of pyridoxine in the metabolism of  lipids
      and glycosaminoglycans in rats fed normal and high fat, high cholesterol diets
      containing 16% casein.
AB  - The effect of administration of low and high doses of pyridoxine on the
      metabolism of lipids and glycosaminoglycans has been studied in rats fed normal
      and high fat, high cholesterol diets. Low doses of pyridoxine (0.005 mg/100 g
      body weight) caused increased concentrations, of cholesterol and triglycerides in
      the serum and aorta in animals fed normal and high fat, high cholesterol diets.
      Administration of high doses of pyridoxine (5.0 mg/100 g body weight) caused
      decrease in the concentration of these lipids in these tissues except in the case
      of the aorta in the animals fed a normal diet. Low doses of pyridoxine generally
      caused a decrease in the concentration of many glycosaminoglycan fractions in the
      aorta in rats fed normal and high fat, high cholesterol diets, whilst high doses
      caused an increase. The activity of glucosaminephosphate isomerase (glutamine
      forming) and UDPglucose dehydrogenase, both key enzymes in the biosynthetic
      pathway of glycosaminoglycans, decreased in rats given low doses of pyridoxine
      and increased in rats given high doses. The activity of many enzymes concerned
      with degradation of glycosaminoglycans--hyaluronoglucosidase, beta-glucuronidase,
      beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, aryl sulphatase, and cathepsin D--generally
      increased in rats fed low doses of the pyridoxine and decreased in those given
      high doses. The concentration of hepatic 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulphate,
      and the activity of the sulphate-activating system and of aryl sulphotransferase
      decreased when the dose of pyridoxine was low and increased when the dose was
      high.

PMID- 678217
TI  - The effect of diet and of methionine loading on activity of enzymes in the
      transulfuration pathway in sheep.
AB  - In three experiments, activity of hepatic enzymes associated with metabolism of
      methionine through the transulfuration pathway were studied with respect to
      possible effects of diet and methionine infusion per abomasum. In experiment 1 no
      differences in methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT) or cystathionine lambda-lyase
      (CGL) were detected between lucerne and wheaten straw diets, or between effects
      of fasting for 48 h and 96 h after feeding lucrene chaff as opposed to fasting
      after feeding wheaten straw. Fasting for 96 h resulted in a trend toward
      increasing CGL and MAT specific activities on both diets. In experiment 2 MAT was
      depressed significantly by infusion of methionine at 1.4 g/day and to a greater
      extent by infusion at 4.2 g/day, whilst CGL was not significantly affected. In
      experiment 3 MAT specific activity decreased significantly in response to both
      levels of methionine supplementation. Betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase
      activity was increased by methionine infusion. CGL decreased in all treatments
      but there was a larger decrease in those animals receiving methionine infusion.
      No significant changes were observed in relation to other enzymes examined which
      included cystathionine beta-synthase and threonine dehydratase. These
      observations are consistent with the hypothesis that in sheep the increase in
      methionine in blood plasma which occurs when methionine is absorbed in increased
      amounts may be due to reduced entry into the transulfuration pathway because of a
      repression of MAT activity.

PMID- 678218
TI  - Comparative toxicities of mimosine and some chemically related compounds to mouse
      bone marrow cells in liquid culture.
AB  - Mimosine, a plant amino acid which is toxic in mammals, was shown to be a potent
      inhibitor of incorporation of [3H]thymidine in mouse bone marrow cells in liquid
      culture (is greater than 70% inhibition at a concentration of 2 x 10(-4) M). To
      determine the parts of the molecule responsible for the inhibitory mechanism the
      effects of 13 chemically related compounds were examined in this system. The
      structural features necessary for inhibitory activity of the 4(1H)-pyridones were
      (1) the 3-hydroxyl-4-oxo function of the pyridone ring together with (2) an alpha
      alanine or a 2-aminoethyl side chain. Compounds based on several other hydroxy
      heterocyclic functions were either weakly active or inactive. 3-Hydroxy-4(1H)
      pyridone, the goitrogen to which mimosine is converted in ruminants, was only
      slightly inhibitory. These results are compared with published information on the
      effects of some of these compounds on other types of mammalian cells in vitro.
      The mouse bone marrow system in which inhibition of incorporation of
      [3H]thymidine is used as an index of cytotoxicity was shown to be sensitive and
      reproducible, and could be useful for structure-activity investigations of other
      cytotoxic compounds.

PMID- 678219
TI  - Amino acid uptake by the mammary gland of the lactating ewe.
AB  - (1) The arterio-venous difference technique, previously used to measure mammary
      substrate uptake with cows and goats, was used to measure amino acid uptake by
      the mammary gland of the lactating Merino ewe. Possession of a single large
      superficial epigastric vein by the Merino ewe makes the Merino breed the most
      suitable for this type of study. (2) A method was developed enabling hourly
      measurement of milk yield without causing undue stress. Milk yield was
      essentially constant over a 7-8 h period. (3) Mammary extraction of most non
      essential amino acids was low relative to output in milk protein and showed a
      greater variability with time than that found for the essential amino acids.
      There was a significant mammary extraction of ornithine and citrulline, neither
      amino acid being found in ovine milk protein. (4) Of the essential amino acids
      valine, isoleucine, leucine and arginine were taken up in excess of their
      requirement for milk protein synthesis. (5) On the basis of the extent of mammary
      extraction, methionine, lysine and leucine were first-, second- and third
      limiting to the rate of milk protein synthesis. (6) Despite fluctuations in
      arterial amino acid concentrations the arterio-venous differences of the
      essential amino acids were relatively constant over a 7-8 h period. (7) The
      pattern of mammary amino acid uptake in the ewe is contrasted with that found in
      similar studies carried out with the lactating cow and goat.

PMID- 678220
TI  - Mammary glucose uptake in the lactating ewe and the use of methionine arterio
      venous difference for the calculation of mammary blood flow.
AB  - (1) The validity of using the arterio-venous concentration difference of
      methionine to calculate mammary blood flow in the ewe, on the basis of the Fick
      principle, is discussed. (2) Calculation of mammary blood flow in the lactating
      Merino ewe indicated that blood flow per unit weight of tissue and the ratio of
      blood flow : milk yield were approximately twice that found in the lactating cow
      and goat. (3) Calculated mammary blood flow in Merino ewes was used in
      conjunction with glucose arterio-venous difference to determine mammary glucose
      uptake. Glucose uptake per unit weight of tissue in the ewe was almost double
      that found in the cow and goat. The ratio of mammary glucose uptake to lactose
      output was also higher in the ewe than that found in the cow and goat. The
      utilization of glucose by the mammary gland of the ewe is discussed in relation
      to the possible greater requirement for NADPH and glycerol for milk fat synthesis
      in this species.

PMID- 678221
TI  - Metabolism of [14C] amitraz in larvae of Boophilus microplus.
AB  - Amitraz, 1, 5-di(2, 4-dimethylphenyl)-3-methyl-1, 3, 5-triazapenta-1, 4-diene,
      labelled with 14C in the 2-methyl groups was applied to B. microplus larvae by an
      immersion technique. The chemical penetrated readily but never appeared in large
      amounts internally due to rapid cleavage to N-2, 4-dimethylphenyl-N'
      methylformamidine. The expected complementary cleavage product 2, 4
      dimethylformanilide was not produced in equivalent quantity. However, large
      amounts of polar metabolite(s) were produced. Small quantities of 2, 4
      dimethylaniline and an unidentified non-polar metabolite were also produced. Of
      the identified chemicals only amitraz and N-2, 4-dimethylphenyl-N'
      methylformamidine were toxic to larvae. Piperonyl butoxide applied simultaneously
      with amitraz had only a slight effect on metabolism but had a three-fold
      synergistic effect. SKF 525-A similarly applied had a negligible effect on both
      metabolism and toxicity.

PMID- 678222
TI  - Effects of abomasal supplements of methionine on the wool follicles and skin of
      wheat-fed sheep.
AB  - In wheat-fed sheep, supplemented abomasally with 1.5-6.0 g methionine per day,
      poor formation and improper keratinization of the wool fibres were evident 4 days
      after the start of the methionine supplementation. This led to kinking of the
      fibres. Subsequently severe distortion of the fibres, accompanied by gross
      thickening of the outer root sheaths, occurred in the distal (upper) halves of
      most follicles. Within this thickened region partial degradation of the distorted
      fibres occurred before emergence from the skin surface, causing a marked
      reduction in the tensile strength of the wool. It is postulated that kinking of
      the fibres stimulated the accumulation of outer root sheath cells, which led to
      hyperactivity of the process that normally degrades the inner root sheath, so
      that the poorly keratinized fibres were also partly degraded. Thickening of the
      epidermis and cellular infiltration of the upper dermis sometimes occurred during
      the infusions of methionine, whereas there were negligible effects on the
      sebaceous and sweat glands. Disappearance of the excess accumulation of outer
      root sheath cells after cessation of the methionine supplementation occurred
      gradually following improvement in keratinization and elimination of kinking of
      the fibres.

PMID- 678223
TI  - The importance of prolactin and the milking stimulus in the artificial induction
      of lactation in cows.
AB  - Lactations were successfully induced in 15 out of 18 non-pregnant cows treated
      with oestradiol-17beta (0.1 mg/kg body weight) and progesterone (0.25 mg/kg body
      weight) on days 1-7 (where day 1 is the first day of treatment). A further 23 out
      of 26 cows were successfully treated with oestradiol-17beta and progesterone
      standardized at 40 and 100 mg/day respectively. No significant differences in
      milk yields were obtained by the additional treatments of twice daily milking
      from day 10, sustained elevation or suppression of plasma prolactin during the
      induction phase by reserpine and bromo-cryptine respectively, or by continuing
      oestradiol-17beta injections alone on days 8-11. Levels of plasma prolactin less
      than 20 ng/ml were adequate for the preparation of the mammary gland for
      lactation to occur. The induced lactation of 24 monozygotic twin cows ranged from
      20 to 87% of their respective siblings which had normal parturient lactations.
      All 11 cows treated with the standard oestrogen-progesterone treatment plus
      reserpine had successfully induced lactations. In the absence of oestrogen and
      progesterone treatment, a short period of resperpine treatment followed by
      dexamethasone trimethylacetate failed to induce lactation in five cows. Ninety
      per cent of induced cows (n = 39) and 91% of parturient cows (n = 22) conceived
      and subsequently calved following natural mating.

PMID- 678224
TI  - Blood hyperviscosity in cryoglobulinaemia: temperature sensitivity and
      correlation with reduced skin blood flow.
AB  - Cryoglobulins cause an increase in plasma viscosity and this has been attributed
      to increased protein-protein interaction. The purpose of the present study was to
      analyse the interaction between red cells and these proteins by measuring the
      viscosity of whold blood from 21 patients with cryoglobulinaemia not only at high
      (73 sec-1) and low (0.18 sec-1) shear rates, but also at different temperatures.
      At 35 degrees blood hyperviscosity was found in 62% of the patients at the high
      shear rate, and in 76% of patients at the low shear rate. Cooling of the blood to
      25 degrees caused an increase in the blood viscosity which was particularly
      marked at the low shear rate. The plasma viscosity was significantly increased at
      both temperatures. The hand blood flow was measured at 32 degrees, 27 degrees and
      20 degrees in 12 patients to assess the degree of impairment of the peripheral
      circulation. The flows were significantly reduced at each temperature and there
      was an increase in the sensitivity of the flow through this region to local
      cooling. These findings indicate that in the presence of a cryoglobulin there is
      an increased viscous resistance, particularly at low flow rates. The temperature
      and shear rate characteristics of the blood viscosity suggest that cryoglobulins
      markedly potentiate red cell aggregation. This explains, at lest in part, the
      high incidence of skin and vascular complications in patients with
      cryoglobulinaemia and the characteristic localization of these features to
      exposed peripheral tissues.

PMID- 678225
TI  - Rodent zoonoses in North Queensland: the occurrence and distribution of zoonotic
      infections in North Queensland rodents.
AB  - A study of potentially zoonotic infections was carried out on 351 rodents trapped
      in north-eastern Queensland. Their ecosystems included towns, agricultural and
      livestock areas, wookland and rainforest. Nine serotypes of salmonellae were
      obtained from asymptomatic carries in predominantly settled locations. Two
      strains of Ps. pseudomallei occurred in rainforest near Innisfail and one on a
      cattle property adjacent to Townsville. Ps. aeruginosa caused bronchopneumonia in
      one animal from Townsville harbour. Ifection by leptospirae of six serogroups and
      seven serovars were identified by serological or cultural examinations. Enzootic
      foci occurred on the Mount Spec rainforest where celledoni and australis were
      being excreted by rats adjacent to the Paluma dam system. In addition to the
      scrub typhus locations at Rocky Creek, Atherton Tableland and Bullocky Creek,
      near Ingham, which were confirmed, a new focus of infection by R. tsutsugamushi
      was identified at El Arish near Tully. Water rat (H. chrysogaster) at Townsville
      harbour constituted a reservoir of toxoplasmosis. In addition to the known human
      pathogenic helminths H. nana and H. diminuta, localized foci of hookworms
      (Ancylostoma spp.) were found. Histological evidence of cytomegalic disease of
      the salivary glands or kidneys was a common finding.

PMID- 678226
TI  - A new large chylomicron remnant from cholesterol-fed rabbits.
AB  - The lipoproteins of density less than 1.063 g/ml of cholesterol-fed rabbits were
      subjected to analytical ultracentrifugation. In many rabbits two peaks were found
      in the very low density (Sf greater than 20) portion of the lipoprotein spectrum.
      They were isolated by preparative ultracentrifugation and analysed. The smaller
      particles (remnant chylomicrons) had a peak Sf of 37, mean diameter of 36 nm,
      mean density of 1.00 g/ml, and their chemical composition agreed closely with
      previous reports. The larger particles had a peak Sf of 270, mean diameter of 80
      nm, mean density of 0.97 g/ml and a high (80%) cholesterol ester and low (4%)
      triglyceride content. The fatty acid composition of the cholesterol esters,
      phospholipids and triglycerides was similar in both fractions. It is proposed
      that these large lipoprotein particles are also remnant chylomicrons. Possible
      reasons are presented to explain the presence of this second peak in the very low
      density lipoprotein spectrum.

PMID- 678227
TI  - Apparent antihaemophilic activity of basic amphoteric polyelectrolytes.
AB  - Amphoteric polyelectrolytes with alkaline isoelectric points (for example
      Ampholine 9-11) intended for use in isoelectric focussing were found to shorten
      the prolonged partial thrombosplastin clotting time with kaolin (PTTK) of plasma
      deficient in factor VIII. The response of this PTTK to Ampholine 9-11 was linear
      when plotted on double log paper with a slope slightly greater than that of
      factor VIII itself. Ampholine 9-11 at 2% concentration had factor VIII and factor
      IX activity equal to that of normal plasma as well as somewhat less activity as
      factor XI. It had no significant correcting effect on the clotting of plasmas
      deficient in factors V, VII, X, II OR XII. Ampholine 9-11 inhibited low
      concentrations of contact activators and its effect in correcting factor VIII
      deficient plasma was found to be related to the degree of contact activation.

PMID- 678228
TI  - Effect of pyridoxine deficiency on rat intestinal alkaline phsophatase.
AB  - The effect of pyridoxine deficiency was studied on the intestinal alkaline
      phosphatase of rat. Different segments of the intestine differed in their
      response to pyridoxine deficiency. In the duodenum alkaline phosphatase activity
      was decreased, whereas it was markedly increased in the ileum and the jejunal
      enzyme was least affected. The electrophoretic pattern of isoenzymes of alkaline
      phosphatase was altered in the ileum of B6 deficient rats.

PMID- 678229
TI  - Immunoglobulin metabolism in sheep infected with the small intestinal nematode
      Trichostrongylus colubriformis.
AB  - Radiotracer techniques were used to compare the kinetics of IgG1 and IgG2
      metabolism in sheep (1) prior to parasite exposure, (2) during an initial patent
      infection with Trichostrongylus colubriformis, and (3) during continuous exposure
      to the parasite when the animals were exhibiting resistance. Plasma
      concentrations of IgG1, IgG2, IgA and IgM were also monitored throughout the
      experiment. Plasma IgG1 concentration increased significantly during the
      development of resistance and maintained this higher level on further exposure to
      the parasite. IgA concentration was also elevated during the development of
      resistance to a level approximately three times that observed prior to initial
      infection, but this increase was only transitory. No significant changes in
      either IgG2 or IgM concentration occurred. Analysis of the radiotracer data for
      IgG1 and Ig G2 was based on a two compartment model comprising intravascular and
      extravascular protein pools with reversible exchange between them and
      irreversible loss from the intravascular site. No significant changes in
      compartment sizes or rates of exchange between compartments were recorded during
      measurement periods (1), (2) and (3) for either IgG1 or IgG2. Rates of
      irreversible loss of IgG2 were similar during (1), (2), and (3); the irreversible
      loss of IgG) was unaltered following the initial infection but increases by
      approximately 50% during period (3). It is concluded that increased synthesis of
      IgG1 in resistant sheep continually exposed to T. colubriformis occurs as a
      result of antigenic stimulation rather than as a consequence of increased loss of
      plasma into the intestine.

PMID- 678230
TI  - Flow and protein composition of intestinal lymph in sheep infected with the
      enteric nematode, Trichostrongylus colubriformis.
AB  - A study of immunoglobulin and albumin concentrations and the flow of intestinal
      lymph was made in sheep during infection with the parasitic nematode,
      Trichostrongylus colubriformis. Observations were made on uninfected worm-free
      sheep, on worm-free sheep undergoing primary infection and on immune sheep
      undergoing challenge infection. The flow of intestinal lymph and the
      concentrations of IgG1, IgG2 and IgM in intestinal lymph and IgG2  and IgM in
      blood plasma remained relatively constant during both primary and challenge
      infection. The concentration of IgA in intestinal lymph and blood plasma
      increased as early as day 6 of primary infection and maximum values were observed
      at day 34. By day 34 of primary infection the concentration of IgG1 in blood
      plasma was significantly greater than that found in worm-free controls. Plasma
      IgG1 concentrations in resistant sheep were also significantly greater than those
      observed in worm-free controls. Challenge infection in immune sheep did not raise
      the concentration of IgA in intestinal lymph and blood or IgG1 in blood. An
      indirect haemagglutination test was used to detect antibodies to T.
      colubriformis. Primary infection did not increase anti-worm antibody titres in
      either intestinal lymph or serum. Significant antibody titres were present in
      serum and lymph from immune sheep and were rapidly increased by challenge
      infection. Most antibody activity in serum was associated with IgM, whereas that
      in intestinal lymph was associated with IgA. These observations indicate the
      occurrence of a local antibody response to T. colubriformis in the intestine of
      immune sheep.

PMID- 678231
TI  - Immunity to Nematospiroides dubius: cell and immunoglobulin changes associated
      with the onset of immunity in mice.
AB  - The effect of one or more immunising infections on the susceptibility of mice to
      a subsequent challenge dose of Nematospiroides dubius larvae has been
      investigated. Following a single infection, animals developed a partial
      resistance characterized by their capacity to kill no more than half of the
      challenge dose of larvae. This low degree of immunity prevailed for some weeks
      after initial infection. A second immunising infection was found to induce a
      sudden increase in resistance such that at least 95% of a subsequent challenge
      dose of larvae was killed. This increase occurred 6 to 8 days after the second
      immunisation. Similar results were observed for mice immunised orally or
      intravenously. During the course of immunisations, absolute and differential cell
      levels in the blood and peritoneum as well as serum concentrations of the various
      immunoglobulin classes were determined. The results are considered in terms of
      the possible involvement of two distinct mechanisms of immunity to N. dubius, one
      requiring the participation of macrophages and the other, eosinophils.

PMID- 678232
TI  - Histological development of lesions in the bursa of Fabricius of chickens with
      inclusion body hepatitis.
AB  - Twenty chickens, 4 weeks old, from a flock with spontaneous inclusion body
      hepatitis were observed for five weeks following the outbreak of disease.
      Biopsies were made of the bursae of Fabricius on days 1, 3 or 7, and 14 after
      housing, and the chickens were killed on day 35. Histologically, severe lesions
      in bursal follicles developed within a few days. At the end of the observation
      period the bursal structures had completely recovered.

PMID- 678233
TI  - Preincubation dipping of turkey hatching eggs. II. Effect of shell treatment on
      hatachability.
AB  - The effects of various egg-shell treatments on the hatchability of turkey eggs
      were investigated. Hatchability was not effected significantly by drilling a hole
      in the large end, or removing cuticle with dilute acid from the entire shell
      surface of from either end. Embryo deaths were increased significantly (P less
      than 0.005), however, by a pinhole pierced in the large end. Sealing the drill or
      pinhole with Duco cement did not significantly alter the hatchability.
      Hatchability of treated or untreated eggs was not effected adversely by dipping
      for 2.5 minutes after preheating to 36 C, or for 10 minutes without preheating.

PMID- 678234
TI  - Chicken lymphocyte stimulation by mitogens: a microassay with whole-blood
      cultures.
AB  - A micromethod is described that uses whole blood for studying mitogen stimulation
      of chicken lymphocytes. Procedures critical for obtaining a stimulatory response
      up to 200 times that of unstimulated control cultures include: 1) use of no more
      than 10 microliter of whole blood per culture; 2) incubation at 41 C for 72 hours
      in 0.2 ml of medium RPMI 1640 containing 100 microgram of stock
      phytohemagglutinin-P and 3) pulse labeling for 8 hours with 5-[125I] iodo-2'
      deoxyruidine. The method is easy, rapid, and suitable for sequential studies of
      pathogenesis of disease in poultry.

PMID- 678235
TI  - Transmission of Chlamydiae from grackles to turkeys.
AB  - Two female common grackles (Quiscalus quiscula) were inoculated intratracheally
      with 1.6 X 10(8) chick embryo lethal doses50 of a chlamydial organism isolated
      from turkeys. Eight female grackles were kept as uninoculated contacts. Six days
      later, two 12-week-old Broad-Breasted White turkeys (1 male and 1 female) were
      placed in the pen with the grackles. Chlamydiae were isolated in mice from
      cloacal swabs taken 14 days postinoculation from the infected grackles. Swabs
      from the contact grackles did not yield chlamydiae, nor did swabs taken 7 days
      later from all birds. Twenty-one days after being placed with the grackles, the
      turkeys developed signs of chlamydiosis. Cloacal swabs taken at 24 days yielded
      chlamydiae from only the female. Visceral organ tissues collected at 28 days from
      the male yielded chlamydiae. The only lesions in the turkeys at necropsy were
      enlarged spleens. The turkeys were serologically negative for chlamydial antibody
      both when placed and 15 days later, but were positive at days 24 and 28. These
      results indicate contact transmission of chlamydiae from infected grackles to
      turkeys.

PMID- 678236
TI  - The influence of test conditions on Newcastle disease hemagglutination-inhibition
      titers.
AB  - Replicate samples of serum from chickens immune to Newcastle disease were
      titrated to determine the influence of certain test conditions on
      hemagglutination-inhibition (hi) titers. The test conditions studied were those
      most likely to vary in normal laboratory operations. The most marked effect on
      magnitude of HI titers was incubation time of twofold serum dilutions in antigen
      saline; the average titer increase after incubation of the serum-antigen mixture
      for 1 hr at 37 C was log2 2.3 (fivefold). Twofold increases in virus
      concentration of the antigen-saline diluent caused an average titer reduction of
      log2 0.8. Shifts in HI titers were only minor with twofold changes in erythrocyte
      concentration (log2 0.3), with variations of test reading times from 0.5 to 2.0
      hr (log2 0.1), and with variations in the period between preparation of the
      initial 1:10 serum dilution in antigen-saline and the subsequent serum dilutions
      (log2 0.3).

PMID- 678237
TI  - Use of an avirulent Australian strain of Newcastle disease virus as a vaccine.
AB  - One-day-old chickens were transported from Australia to Malaysia and vaccinated
      orotracheally with an uninactivated vaccine prepared from avirulent Australian V4
      strain of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). The vaccination regimes were as follows:
      group A, once, at 2 weeks old; group B, once, at 3 weeks old; group C, twice, at
      2 and at 3 weeks old; group D, direct contact with groups A, B, and C; and group
      E, indirect contact with groups A, B, C, and D. Group F was unvaccinated
      controls. Challenge was with NDV virulent Ipoh AF 2240-226 strain, administered
      at 4 weeks old intramuscularly to 10 chickens in each group and orotracheally to
      10 chickens in each group. The remaining chickens were challenged by contact with
      the inoculated chickens. Group mortalities following challenge were: A, 1/77; B,
      1/34; C, 0/39; D, 0/45; E, 6/43; and F, 60/60.

PMID- 678238
TI  - Isolation of Salmonella houtenae from a cockateel.
AB  - Salmonella houtenae (43:Z4,Z23:-), a biochemically aberrant serotype, was
      isolated from the liver and air sac of a male cockateel. This serotype is a
      member of Salmonella subgenus IV, which is dulcitol-negative, salicin-positive,
      and KCN-positive. To our knowledge, this is the first report of isolation of this
      serotype from an avian species.

PMID- 678239
TI  - A simple method for recording and analyzing serological data.
AB  - Titration endpoints from any 2-fold dilution series represent either true or
      modified base-2 logarithms and can be recorded conveniently by tube or dilution
      number. The simple arithmetic mean of titers thus expressed can be easily
      converted to geometric mean titer (GMT) by use of a table of antilogarithms,
      which is presented. This approach not only facilitates the handling of large
      volumes of data but also simplifies GMT calculation.

PMID- 678240
TI  - Emergency mental health services during and after a major aircraft accident.
AB  - A major commercial aircraft accident mobilizes a sophisticated disaster response
      by the federal government and local disaster teams. However, there is no effort
      to deal with the significant mental health needs of survivors, airline crew,
      ground personnel, and rescuers. The time has come to deal with the human tragedy
      and its emotional consequences. The development of an emergency protocol for
      response to mental health crises at the time of an accident must be confronted.
      An appropriate response on the part of the mental health community must address
      all persons involved in the accident. Management would involve a relatively brief
      length of time. Team members can include psychiatrists, physicians, nurses,
      psychiatric aides, airline representatives, clergy, and other trained personnel.
      The establishment of such a mental health preparedness program in crisis
      intervention must be the responsibility of the airlines, federal agencies, and
      others if the program is to be a success.

PMID- 678241
TI  - Medical evaluation of G-sensitive aircrewmen.
AB  - Etiologies for loss of consciousness in an aerospace environment are diverse and
      may present as a perplexing problem in specific cases. The high, sustained G that
      current aircraft are capable of producing represent another etiology for inflight
      loss of consciousness. Protective measures give only partial protection, however,
      and pilots continue to remain susceptible to the excessively high G forces.
      Certain protective methods, including M-1 and L-1 straining maneuvers, may
      actually become a source of loss of consciousness if not performed correctly. The
      current methods utilized to evaluate loss of consciousness in flight, as
      demonstrated in the specific case of a student pilot performing an improper
      straining maneuver, are reviewed. Specific measures that might be instituted to
      prevent certain of these loss-of-consciousness episodes are recommended. The
      human centrifuge can be an integral part of aeromedical evaluation when G-related
      problems are involved and is an extremely valuable training device in determining
      individual G tolerance and enabling controlled G-stress training. Use of the
      centrifuge in high-G training could well lead to both human life and aircraft
      cost savings in addition to assuring full utilization of today's high-performance
      aircraft.

PMID- 678242
TI  - Effect of ozone variation on disease in Great Britain: II. Femoral neck fracture.
AB  - During the period 1951-72 ozone variation had produced about a 20% decrease in UV
      radiation at the wavelengths necessary for the production of vitamin D3 in the
      human skin. Study of the mortality associated with femoral neck fracture, a
      symptom now linked to vitamin D deficiency disease, shows similar trends, but of
      opposite sign, to the trends of skin cancer incidence and mortality over the same
      period.

PMID- 678243
TI  - Effects of hypocapnia on psychomotor and intellectual performance.
AB  - Nine subjects performed five psychomotor tasks (two motor, two intellectual, and
      one combined motor and short-term memory) at three levels of PACO2 (38.5, 25.0
      and 15.0 torr) with voluntary hyperventilation at 20 l/min. There were no
      performance decrements at PACO2 levels of 38.5 and 25.0 torr. At a PACO2 of 15.0
      torr, there were no decrements of intellectual performance but there were highly
      significant decrements in motor performance. It is suggested that a lack of
      regional cerebral hypoxia, arising from compensating changes in regional cerebral
      blood flow, could be responsible for the preservation of intellectual performance
      at a PACO2 of 15 torr.

PMID- 678244
TI  - Disorientation training in FAA-certificated flight and ground schools: a survey.
AB  - A 10-item, voluntary questionnaire answered by 674 flight and ground schools
      provided information on 1) the conduct of formal instruction about
      disorientation, 2) the occurrence and content of lectures on disorientation, 3)
      use of on-the-ground demonstrations of disorientation, 4) use of in-the-air
      demonstrations of disorientation, 5) use of films on pilot vertigo, 6) amount of
      instrument flying training students receive, 7) amount of instrument flying
      training required of flight instructors to maintain their proficiency, 8)
      adequacy of the schools' programs on disorientation training, 9) other comments,
      and 10) numerical data regarding the number of students beginning and completing
      various flight and/or ground school courses. More than one-third of the
      respondents evaluated their disorientation training program as inadequate and
      defined the inadequacy most often as a lack of appropriate materials, aids, and
      information. Tabulations of responses to the separate items suggested areas for
      improvement in disorientation training. Recommendations were made.

PMID- 678245
TI  - Haematologic changes in rabbits during acclimatisation, deacclimatisation, and
      reinduction to hypoxia.
AB  - Haematologic changes were studied in 16 albino rabbits during acclimatisation,
      deacclimatisation, and reinduction to hypobaric hypoxia. Of these, four animals
      died during reinduction. Haemoglobin, haematocrit, and red blood cell count
      attained maximum values by the 15th day during acclimatisation and by the 10th
      day during reinduction. Reticulocyte count reached maximum level by the fifth
      day, both during acclimatisation and reinduction. All these parameters returned
      to initial control levels by the 10th day of deacclimatisation. The erythrocytes
      became macrocytic during acclimatisation and remained so during deacclimatisation
      and reinduction. Blood volume increased on acclimatisation, returned to control
      values during deacclimatisation, and remained low at this level on reinduction.
      Red cell mass increased both during acclimatisation and reinduction and returned
      to control levels on deacclimatisation. Plasma volume did not change on
      acclimatisation and deacclimatisation, but was reduced on reinduction. The
      erythrocyte life span and erythrocyte glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (EGOT)
      decreased during acclimatisation and reinduction. There was no change in RBC
      osmotic fragility, indicating no change in the integrity of the red cell wall.
      The deaths during reinduction were possibly due to haemoconcentration and
      increased blood viscosity as a result of reduction in plasma volume. It has been
      concluded that reinduction to hypoxia after a phase of deacclimatisation imposes
      a more severe stress than experienced during acclimatisation.

PMID- 678246
TI  - Diving experience and emotional factors related to the psychomotor effects of
      nitrogen narcosis.
AB  - Simple and complex psychomotor performance were tested among 21 Navy divers under
      normal conditions and during nitrogen narcosis in simulated dives to 170 ft of
      sea water. Complex psychomotor performance was impaired significantly during
      narcosis, while simple psychomotor performance remained essentially normal.
      Differences between baseline scores for complex psychomotor performance (pre- and
      post-dive combined) and scores obtained from the two combined testing sessions
      administered during narcosis were correlated with official Navy records of diving
      experience and self-reported moods. None of the diving experience measures was
      associated significantly with these difference scores. The moods of Fatigue and
      Happiness were, however, correlated significantly with impairment. These results
      indicate that, although previous experience with nitrogen narcosis and diving
      tasks do not mediate the performance effects of nitrogen narcosis, the complex
      psychomotor effects nitrogen narcosis are related to emotional traits.

PMID- 678247
TI  - Blood flow in rat brain during exposure to high oxygen pressure.
AB  - Total cerebral blood flow and blood flow in 10 brain structures of unanesthetized
      rats were measured by the indicator fractionation technique under different
      oxygen pressures. The first electrical discharge seen under high oxygen pressure
      was considered as an early sign of brain oxygen toxicity. It was found that the
      effect of high oxygen pressure on cerebral blood flow was time- and pressure
      dependent. Exposure to 2 and 3.5 ATA of O2 led to vasoconstriction. Exposure to 5
      ATA of O2 produced an initial vasoconstriction followed by a secondary
      vasodilatation to normal level. Cerebral blood flow was not reduced during
      exposure to 7 ATA of oxygen. Non-decreased blood flow preceded the appearance of
      the first electrical discharge in all investigated structures of the brain. There
      was no change in electrical activity of the brain as long as a decrease in
      cerebral blood flow was maintained. It is suggested that changes in electrical
      activity of the brain may be produced by toxic levels of brain tissue PO2.
      Vasoconstriction resulting in decreased cerebral blood flow was considered as a
      protective mechanism against the toxic effects of high tissue PO2.

PMID- 678248
TI  - Changes in EEG pattern during acclimatization to high altitude (3500 m) in man.
AB  - This study was conducted on 30 healthy soldiers to observe EEG changes during
      acclimatization to high altitude. Of these subjects, 10 were lowlanders (LL), 10
      were acclimatized low landers (AL), and 10 10 were high-altitude natives (HAN).
      The EEG was recorded by the 10-20 international system of electrode placement in
      LL at sea level (SL) during rest and hyperventilation (HV). Then they were air
      lifted to an altitude of 3500 m where periodic recordings of EEG were made for 4
      weeks. For comparison, the altitude recordings were also made in AL and HAN. The
      quantitative analysis of EEG (occipital) was done to determine alpha index (AI)
      and average amplitude. The mean AI was 25.5% at SL in LL, which changed to 45.7%,
      15.8%, 28.0%, 30.3%, and 33.2% on days 2, 7, 14, 21, and 28, respectively. The
      average amplitude was 17.3 microV at SL, which changed to 23.3 microV, 11.8
      microV, 16.2 microV, 17.3 microV, and 19.8 microV on days 2, 7, 14, 21, and 28,
      respectively. In two subjects, spiking was seen along with the desynchronized
      pattern of EEG on days 7 and 14. The AI and average amplitude of AL and HAN were
      significantly more than those of LL. The magnitude of buildup during HV was
      greater at altitude. These results indicate that there is cerebral cortical
      depression in the initial phase of induction which changes to cortical
      desyncronization in the latter part of the first week of induction. During
      acclimatization, there is gradual buildup of EEG waves, as observed in AL and
      HAN.

PMID- 678249
TI  - Use of vectorcardiography for the detection of +Gz-related cardiac pathology in
      miniature swine.
AB  - Vectorcardiograms were recorded from anesthetized, adult miniature swine 1-2
      weeks before high sustained +Gz exposure and 2-6 h after exposure. Each +Gz run
      consisted of one 60-s exposure, respectively, to 3, 5, 7, and 9 +Gz, with 3 min
      rest between each +Gz plateau. The full range, from severe to minor, of +Gz
      induced cardiac pathology was observed in this group of miniature swine. In spite
      of the large variation in the amount and degree of cardiac pathology, there were
      no post-exposure vectorcardiographic changes which might be diagnostic of +Gz
      induced cardiac pathology. The results of this study indicate that
      vectorcardiography, performed after +Gz exposure, is not a reliable technique for
      detecting the presence of +Gz-induced cardiac pathology in miniature swine.

PMID- 678250
TI  - Effects of hyperbaric oxygen and glutathione on mammalian liver metabolism.
AB  - The effects of hyperbaric oxygen tensions on oxygen consumption and succinate
      dehydrogenase (SDH) activity of mouse liver were investigated. Liver homogenates
      exposed to a PO2 of 3837 mm Hg for 30 min showed a 50.6% reduction in oxygen
      consumption compared to controls exposed to nitrogen at ambient pressure. The SDH
      activity was significantly reduced during a 3-h exposure to a PO2 of 3796 mm Hg.
      The effects of glutathione as a protective agent against oxygen toxicity were
      also examined. Mouse liver pretreated with reduced glutathione and exposed to
      hyperbaric oxygen tensions showed higher rates of oxygen consumption than
      untreated controls. Oxidized and reduced glutathione protected SDH against
      hyperbaric oxygen inactivation. It is concluded that glutathione can stimulate
      oxygen consumption and maintain SDH activity after exposure to hyperbaric oxygen
      by increasing succinate formation through the glutathione-succinate shunt.

PMID- 678251
TI  - Operational characteristics of liquid-conditioned suits.
AB  - The data from several studies of liquid-conditioned suits carried out over the
      last 12 years at the RAF Institute of Aviation Medicine have been collated,
      collectively reanalysed, and used to describe the characteristics of personal
      liquid-conditioning systems in terms of interactions between the conditioning and
      the conditioned system. Heat exchange across a liquid-conditioned suit (LCS) is
      shown to be proportional to the inlet temperature (Tin) of the conditioning
      liquid. Choice of Tin is determined, for resting subjects, primarily by the
      environmental temperature, by the length of the heat exchange tubing, and by the
      insulation value of the clothing worn over the LCS. Mean skin temperature (Tsk),
      but not core temperature (Tc) is directly related to Tin. However, certainly in
      exercising subjects, steady-state values for Tc can be increased by selecting
      very low values for Tin, which reduce Tsk below 29 degrees C. It is suggested
      that mean Tsk should not fall below 30 degrees C when the LCS is used for
      personal cooling. When the LCS is used for personal heating, sweating should be
      minimised, or prevented, by not allowing Tsk to rise to levels sufficient to
      cause an increase in Tc.

PMID- 678252
TI  - Role of the parasympathetic pupillomotor system in classically conditioned
      pupullary dilation of the cat.

PMID- 678253
TI  - Attraction of the snail Achatina fulica to extracts of conspecific pedal glands.

PMID- 678254
TI  - Temporal effects of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol on feeding patterns and activity
      of obese and lean Zucker rats.

PMID- 678255
TI  - Blood pressure and sex differences in preference for stimulation and activity in
      mice genetically selected for blood pressure extremes.

PMID- 678256
TI  - Barbiturate effects on nonreward are time dependent.

PMID- 678257
TI  - Colchicine impairs performance after learning a one-trial passive avoidance task
      in day-old chicks.

PMID- 678258
TI  - Long-term retention of flavor familiarization: effects of number and amount of
      prior exposures.

PMID- 678259
TI  - Neurophysiological correlates of human concept formation.

PMID- 678260
TI  - Mineralocorticoids, dietary conditions, and sodium appetite.

PMID- 678261
TI  - Decreased spontaneous motor activity parallels reserpine-induced supersensitivity
      of catecholamine-responsive rat cerebral cortex adenylate cyclase.

PMID- 678262
TI  - A neural pathway mediating satiation of feeding behavior in Aplysia.

PMID- 678263
TI  - Effects of preloading on the acquisition and maintenance of schedule-induced
      polydipsia.

PMID- 678264
TI  - Effects of perinatal androstenedione on sexual behavior differentiation in male
      rats.

PMID- 678265
TI  - Effects of enclosure size and complexity on the activity and sleep of the eastern
      chipmunk Tamias striatus.

PMID- 678266
TI  - Seasonally variable effects of conspecific odors upon capture of deer mice
      (Peromyscus maniculatus gambelii).

PMID- 678267
TI  - Attraction of rats to sulfur compounds.

PMID- 678268
TI  - Behavior therapy for asthma: a review.

PMID- 678269
TI  - Personality and conditioning of tumescence and detumescence.

PMID- 678270
TI  - Consistency of the labial temperature change measure of human female eroticism.

PMID- 678271
TI  - Use of contingent lemon juice to eliminate public masturbation by a severely
      retarded boy.

PMID- 678272
TI  - Success and failure in social skills training: individual differences.

PMID- 678273
TI  - Punishment of self-injurious behavior in natural settings using contingent
      aromatic ammonia.

PMID- 678274
TI  - Effect of thought-stopping on thoughts, mood and corrugator EMG in depressed
      patients.

PMID- 678275
TI  - Criminal justice system behavior.
AB  - Much has been written recently about the underlying motivation of criminals and
      about the behavior of the criminal justice system itself. Typically, such studies
      have shown negative correlations between crime rate, probability of apprehension
      and probability of conviction. However, in addressing the behavior of the system,
      the present study examines measures of workload for the criminal justice system
      rather than performance indicators such as those above. Preliminary evidence is
      examined over several provinces of Canada and is used to investigate the
      hypothesis that there is adaptation by different subsystems in the criminal
      justice system to changing workloads in other parts. The initial findings show
      that present upstream, i.e., toward the beginning of the system, workload affects
      future behavior of the system downstream, i.e., toward the end, rather than the
      reverse, especially for the more serious crime types.

PMID- 678276
TI  - [New classification and terminology of inborn systemic diseases of the skeleton].

PMID- 678277
TI  - [Combination of the Schlatter-Osgood and Sinding-Larsen-Johannson disease].

PMID- 678278
TI  - [Conservative or surgical therapy of Perthes' disease?].

PMID- 678279
TI  - [Results of newborn-infant examinations during 1969-1974 at the gynecological
      clinics of the Magdeburg Medical Academy].

PMID- 678280
TI  - [Familial occurrence of protrusio acetabuli].

PMID- 678281
TI  - [Cross-plate arthrodesis of the hip joint].

PMID- 678282
TI  - [Therapy of osteogenesis imperfecta].

PMID- 678283
TI  - [Analysis of the contamination of an orthopedic operating room with airborn and
      surface pathogens as a stimulant towards improvement of the hygiene level].

PMID- 678284
TI  - [Experience with ventral segmental spondylodesis of the lumbar vertebrae
      (interbody fusion)].

PMID- 678285
TI  - [Possibilities in the management of skoliosis using the side-position plaster
      bed].

PMID- 678286
TI  - [Clinical results following surgically managed habitual and recurrent patella
      luxations].

PMID- 678287
TI  - [Determination of vitamin E in the serum and behavior of serum tocopherol level
      following parenteral administration of vitamin E-selenium solution in the horse].

PMID- 678288
TI  - [11 cases of hematogenic osteomyelitis of tubular bones in cattle].

PMID- 678289
TI  - [The ascorbic-acid status of the horse. 1. Methods and normal values].

PMID- 678290
TI  - [Ecological and epizootological studies on gastrointestinal Strongyloidea in
      sheep, 1. Development and wintering of larvae following pasture contamination in
      summer and fall].

PMID- 678291
TI  - Evidence for the presence of two sympatric species of mice (genus Mus L.) in
      southern France based on biochemical genetics.
AB  - Populations of mice established outdoors as well as indoors have been
      investigated at 24 loci using starch gel electrophoresis. Two reproductively
      isolated groups are recognized, one of which is referable to a house mouse
      subspecies, Mus musculus brevirostris, and the other to a different species. Mus
      spretus, contrary to the view of Schwarz and Schwarz that only one species of Mus
      is present in the Mediterranean Basin. The genetic distance between these two
      groups is larger than between any pair of investigated subspecies of M. musculus.
      M. m. brevirostris is biochemically almost indistinguishable from M. m.
      domesticus. On the other hand, M. spretus exhibits several allelic variants
      unknown or at most very infrequent in M. musculus, as for instance at the lactate
      dehydrogenase B-chain locus.

PMID- 678292
TI  - An acid phosphatase locus expressed in mouse kidney (Apk) and its genetic
      location on chromosome 10.
AB  - A genetic locus controlling the electrophoretic mobility of an acid phosphatase
      in mouse kidney is described. This locus, called acid phosphatase-kidney (Apk),
      is not expressed in erythrocytes, liver, spleen, heart, lung, brain, skeletal
      muscle, stomach, or testes. The product of Apk hydrolyzes the substrate naphthol
      AS-MX phosphoric acid but is not active on alpha-naphthylphosphate or 4
      methylumbelliferylphosphate. It is not inactivated by 50 C for 1 hr, nor is its
      electrophoretic mobility altered by incubation with neuraminidase. The locus is
      invariant among 31 inbred strains (Apka), with a variant allele (Apkm) observed
      only in Mus musculus molossinus. Codominant expression was observed in F1 hybrids
      of M. m. molossinus and inbred strains. Apk was mapped on Chr 10, near the
      neurological mutant waltzer (v).

PMID- 678293
TI  - A second gene affecting the sialylation of lysosomal alpha-mannosidase in mouse
      liver.
AB  - We have previously reported on a mouse liver-specific genetic polymorphism
      associated with altered sialylation of lysosomal alpha-mannosidase. A second
      electrophoretic polymorphism for liver lysosomal alpha-mannosidase has now been
      found and characterized. This variation, between SWR/J and SM/JCv inbred mice, is
      determined by a single genetic locus (Map-2) on chromosome 17 and appears to be
      the result of further differences in sialylation of the lysosomal enzyme. The Map
      2 gene appears to affect the processing of liver, spleen, and lung lysosomal
      alpha-mannosidase, whereas the Map-1 gene appears to be specific to the
      processing of liver lysosomal alpha-mannosidase (Dizik and Elliott, 1977). The
      more negatively charged electrophoretic liver phenotype (MA-A) characteristic of
      the SM/JCv strain is recessive to the phenotype (MA-B) characteristic of the
      SWR/J strain. In contrast, at the Map-1 locus, the more negatively charged
      phenotype is dominant. The electrophoretic pattern of development of the liver
      enzyme from SM/JCv mice is described.

PMID- 678294
TI  - Autosomal inheritance of phosphoglycerate kinase in the domestic chicken (Gallus
      domesticus).
AB  - Electrophoretic variants of the glycolytic enzyme phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK)
      in the domestic chicken, Gallus domesticus, were found to be inherited in an
      autosomal manner. No sperm-specific isozyme of PGK exists in the chicken. This is
      in direct contrast to previous results from therian (placental and marsupial)
      mammals in which there are two isozymes of PGK, an autosomal form largely or
      wholly confined to sperm and a sex-linked form found in most other tissues. The
      implications of these and other results for the question of homology between the
      avian Z chromosome and the mammalian X chromosome are discussed. It is concluded
      that there is no evidence of homology between the X chromosome and the Z
      chromosome.

PMID- 678295
TI  - Genetic and biochemical analysis of cycloheximide resistance in the fungus
      Podospora anserina.
AB  - Genetic analysis of cycloheximide-resistant mutants has shown that at least three
      genes control the resistance to cycloheximide in Podospora anserina and that the
      antibiotic resistance is recessive to sensitivity. In vitro and in vivo studies
      of protein synthesis indicated that for two mutants cycloheximide resistance is
      associated with the ribosomes. For one of these mutants, the elongation step in
      protein biosynthesis is insensitive to cycloheximide over a wide range of
      concentration. In this mutant the resistance to cycloheximide is a property of
      the 60S subunit.

PMID- 678296
TI  - Estimating total genic diversity in the house mouse.
AB  - In a survey of variation in both electrophoretic charge and thermostability at 14
      structural loci in 40 strains of Mus musculus, 27 electromorphs (polypeptides
      differing in electrophoretic charge) and 20 thermomorphs (polypeptides differing
      in thermostability) were found. Electrophoresis detected 11 new variants within
      thermomorphs, and the heat denaturation technique detected four new variants
      within electromorphs. From these data, and making the assumption that both
      techniques are independent of each other, it is estimated that the actual total
      number of alleles at the 14 loci is 53, or an average of 3.79 per locus (1.96 per
      electromorph), and that electrophoresis apparently detects one-third of the
      variants, thus describing about 50% of the alleles at structural gene loci in the
      house mouse.

PMID- 678297
TI  - Inheritance and linkage analysis of five enzyme loci in interspecific hybrids of
      toadlets, genus Bombina.
AB  - Progeny produced from Bombina bombina, B. variegata, and field-collected
      interspecific hybrids have been analyzed for the inheritance of five enzyme loci,
      which are fixed for alternate alleles in the parental species. Lactate
      dehydrogenase (Ldh-1), NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenase (Mdh-1), creatine
      kinase (Ck), adenylate kinase (Ak), and glucosephosphate isomerase (Gpi) are all
      inherited in a Mendelian manner as codominant alleles at nuclear loci. Both
      parental alleles are equally functional in artificial F1 hybrids (female B.
      bombina x male B. variegata) at each of the loci studied. No linkage between any
      pair of loci was observed. Discovery of this inherited biochemical variation
      combined with a technique for assaying individual genotypes without killing the
      animals makes feasible studies of hybrid population structure heretofore
      impossible.

PMID- 678298
TI  - Messenger RNA for the insect storage protein calliphorin: in vitro translation
      and chromosomal hybridization analyses of a 20 S poly(A)-RNA fraction.
AB  - A major poly(A)-containing RNA fraction of the approximate size expected of a
      monocistronic mRNA for the storage protein calliphorin has been isolated from the
      larval fat bodies of Calliphora vicina during early instar 3. This 20 S RNA
      fraction programs the synthesis by cell-free wheat embryo extracts of
      polypeptides of 86,000 daltons identified by tryptic peptide fingerprinting as
      precursors of the authentic calliphorin subunits of 83,000 daltons. Complementary
      DNA synthesized by AMV reverse transcriptase using the same 20 S RNA as template
      hybridized in situ to a single segment of one or two bands in the salivary
      polytene chromosomes of C. vicina.

PMID- 678299
TI  - Cysteamine, penicillamine, glutathione, and their derivatives analyzed by
      automated ion exchange column chromatography.

PMID- 678300
TI  - Studies on urinary DOPAC in man by means of a sensitive automated procedure.

PMID- 678301
TI  - Measurement of cytochromes in human skeletal muscle mitochondria, isolated from
      fresh and frozen stored muscle specimens.

PMID- 678302
TI  - Quantitative spectrophotometric determination of human and rat urinary
      dimethylamine.

PMID- 678303
TI  - Structural subunits of chondroitin sulfate isomers isolated from different aged
      human kidneys.

PMID- 678304
TI  - Perceived interpersonal conditions and professional growth of master's level
      speech-language pathology students during the supervisory process.

PMID- 678305
TI  - Current status of supervision of speech-language pathology and audiology.

PMID- 678306
TI  - Revision of the spondaic word list.

PMID- 678307
TI  - The present status of audiometric practice: a follow-up study.

PMID- 678308
TI  - National Society of Professional engineers v. United States (April 25, 1978).

PMID- 678309
TI  - Guidlines for acoustic immitance screening of middle-ear function. ASHA
      Subcommittee on Impedance Measurement.

PMID- 678310
TI  - Carbon monoxide-induced arterial wall hypoxia and atherosclerosis.
AB  - The elevated carbon monoxide level found in tobacco smokers has been suggested as
      one etiologic factor linking it with atherosclerosis. Unquestionably carbon
      monoxide does induce some arterial wall hypoxia, which has been established as an
      atherogenic factor, but without knowing the extent and location of this hypoxia
      the importance of this mechanism could not previously be assessed. Carbon
      monoxide acts both by inducing hypoxemia and shifting the oxyhemoglobin
      equilibrium curve, with these effects acting on the oxygen transport system from
      both the luminal blood and the vasa vasorum. We have studied this system using a
      computer simulation of the human arterial wall and found significant, mid-medial
      hypoxia with blood carbon monoxide levels routinely found in smokers. Because
      these levels fluctuate, the hypoxia they induce would be expected to be
      uncompensated by increased vascularization and therefore potentially represent a
      much more significant factor in atherogenesis than chronic hypoxia alone.

PMID- 678311
TI  - Platelet factors and the human vascular wall: variations in growth response
      between endothelial and medial smooth muscle cells.
AB  - In the present investigations, the effects of platelet factors on DNA-synthesis
      by human arterial and venous smooth muscle and venous endothelial cells were
      compared. Also studied was the role of such factors in restimulating quiescent
      endothelial cultures and in endothelial reaction to injury. Aortic smooth muscle
      cells grown in medium containing 10% human serum prepared from plasma poor in
      platelets (PPPS) reached 9.7%+/-SE 0.65 labelling index when continuously exposed
      to [3H] thymidine (1 muCi/ml). When lysate from gel-filtered platelets was added,
      the index was 19.4% +/- SE 1.13 (P less than 0.01) and in the presence of serum
      derived from platelet rich plasma (PRPS) it reached 24.6% +/- SE 1.22 (P less
      than 0.01). Similar results were obtained with smooth muscle cells from umbilical
      veins. In constrast, platelet factors did not significantly affect DNA-synthesis
      in endothelial cultures. They reached 25.6% +/- SE 1.97 when grown in medium
      containing PPPS as compared to 21.9% +/- Se 2.53 (P greater than 0.05), when
      exposed to PRPS. The ability of sera to stimulate DNA-synthesis in endothelial
      cultures rendered quiescent by 24 h exposure to medium containing 1.4% serum
      albumin (labelling index 1.83% +/- SE 0.14) was not affected by platelet factors.
      Platelet lysates alone were not sufficient to restimulate the quiescent  cells
      (labelling index 3.03% +/- SE 1.06) (P greater than 0.05). Platelet factors did
      not affect the proliferative response following experimental mechanical injury to
      endothelial monolayers in vitro. We conclude that while platelet factors are
      essential for human vascular smooth muscle cells to achieve optimal growth, they
      are not indispensable for endothelial cell proliferation. It is suggested that
      these cellular differences in growth requirements may play an important role in
      human atherogenesis.

PMID- 678312
TI  - Lipoprotein-lipase activity in human skeletal muscle and adipose tissue in the
      fasting and the fed states.
AB  - Sixteen healthy subjects, 7 females and 9 males, with a mean age of 25 years
      (range 22--29 years), were studied in the fasting state in the morning and 8 h
      later after partaking of breakfast, lunch and two small meals. The lipoprotein
      lipase activity in the adipose tissue increased significantly from 80 +/- 32 to
      117 +/- 61 nmol fatty acid released per gram and minute (nmol FA/g/min), whereas
      in skeletal-muscle tissue it decreased significantly from 25 +/- 11 to 17 +/- 9
      nmol FA/g/min. The concentration of serum triglycerides increased significantly
      from 0.93 +/- 0.18 mmol/l (mean +/- SD) in the fasting state to 1.57 +/- 0.64
      mmol/l in the fed state. In the fasting state the lipoprotein-lipase activity of
      skeletal muscle was inversely related to the ratio between the concentrations of
      insulin and glucagon.

PMID- 678313
TI  - Effect of THD-341, a new hypocholesterolemic agent, on experimental
      atherosclerosis in rabbits.
AB  - The influence of THD-341, N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-delta8-dihydroabietamide, upon
      the formation and regression of atherosclerosis and on serum and liver lipid
      levels has been studied. When rabbits were fed a 1% cholesterol diet for 7 weeks,
      THD-341 added at a dietary level of 0.01% during the last 4 weeks almost
      completely prevented the formation of atherosclerotic lesions and the elevation
      of serum and liver cholesterol levels. When the drug was fed for 10 weeks, either
      in the normal or cholesterol diet, to rabbits with pre-established
      atherosclerosis induced by cholesterol feeding for 11 weeks, it did not affect
      the extent or severity of the lesions but inhibited the progression of lipid
      deposition in the aorta in a group fed the cholesterol diet during the final 10
      weeks period. The reduction of serum and liver cholesterol levels was greater in
      the drug-treated groups than in the normal rabbit chow-fed group.

PMID- 678314
TI  - Cholesteryl ester metabolism in fat- and cholesterol/fat-fed guinea pigs.
AB  - Guinea pigs were fed a semisynthetic diet containing 10% (by weight) cottonseed
      oil with or without 1% cholesterol. In response to cholesterol/fat feeding there
      was a significant accumulation of cholesteryl ester (CE), particularly in the
      liver, but also in the kidney, spleen and suprarenal glands. The hepatic acyl
      CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) increased 5-10 times when the animals were
      fed cholesterol fat during 11 weeks while the acid cholesterol esterase (CE-ase)
      was similar in the two dietary groups. Intestinal lymph showed the highest
      content of cholesterol (both free and esterified) in guinea pigs fed
      cholesterol/fat. A low activity of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT)
      was present in the intestinal lymph, irrespective of dietary composition.
      Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins seem to inhibit LCAT activity in the intestinal
      lymph. Plasma cholesterol levels in animals fed cholesterol/fat increased
      markedly while LCAT remained unaffected by the diets. Activity of ACAT and CE-ase
      in kidney and spleen was low compared to liver tissue and the enzyme activities
      were not affected by the cholesterol/fat feeding.

PMID- 678316
TI  - Mode of action of the lipid-lowering agents, clofibrate and BM 15075, on
      cholesterol biosynthesis in rat liver.
AB  - When rats were fed a diet containing 0.3% clofibrate or a derivative of this
      drug, BM 15075, serum cholesterol was lowered within 3-7 days by 26-38%. Both
      drugs diminished the activity of hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA reductase, the
      regulatory enzyme of hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis, in rat liver microsomes by
      about 60% under the same conditions. The decrease in the activity of the enzyme
      obviously is due to changes in the amount of enzyme protein. Under in vitro
      conditions microsomal hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA reductase was inhibited
      competitively by (1.35 mM) clofibric acid (sodium salt) and by BM 15075 (1 mM)
      with respect to its substrate. These results give evidence that these drugs can
      affect both, the rate of synthesis and the substrate affinity of
      hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA reductase.

PMID- 678315
TI  - Hypertension-induced cerebral atherosclerosis in the cholesterol-fed rabbit.
AB  - Foam cell lesions were found in cholesterol-fed rabbits with induced
      hypertension, particularly in intimal cushions at branching sites, where
      permeability to horseradish peroxidase was enhanced. Permeability to horseradish
      peroxidase was enhanced at the edge of intimal cushions without foam cell
      accumulation. This finding suggests that permeability is increased before foam
      cell infiltration. No foam cell lesions were observed in the intima of cerebral
      arteries distant from branching sites, but insudation of plasma constituents here
      caused endothelial cells to separate from the subendothelial matrices. Foam cell
      lesions were absent from the cerebral arteries in normotensive cholesterol-fed
      rabbits.

PMID- 678317
TI  - Effect of metformin on lipid metabolism in the rabbit aortic wall.
AB  - The aim of the present study was to investigate whether metformin was capable of
      altering aortic lipid metabolism. Pretreatment of rabbits for 8 days with 120
      mg/kg per os metformin reduced by 50--70% the incorporation of a 20 muCi tracer
      doseof [4(-14)C]cholesterol (given orally 24 h before) into various segments of
      aorta, plasma, liver, intestine and lung, as compared with control animals.
      However, as intestinal absorption of cholesterol was also diminished in the same
      proportion, it was then decided to inject the labelled cholesterol directly into
      the blood. Under these conditions, metformin induced the same reduction in [4(
      14)C]cholesterol specific activity in the aorta, but not in other tissues. Three
      hours after intravenous injection of a 200 muCi tracer dose of [2(-14)C]-acetate,
      metformin strongly diminished the radioactivity of total lipids of the aorta,
      both in fed-rabbits and in rabbits on a 24 h fast, independently of the plasma
      radioactivity level. The inhibition of acetate incorporation into arterial lipids
      was observed in all lipid fractions (i.e. free and esterified cholesterol, free
      fatty acids, phospholipids and especially triglycerides) and the effect persisted
      unaltered over periods of increasing length after the injection of precursor
      (1/4, 1/2, 1, 3, 5, 8, 12 h). Metformin also significantly inhibited lipid
      biosynthesis in the liver and intestine. These properties, added to others
      previously described, can to a large extent explain the preventive effect of
      metformin on experimental atherosclerosis.

PMID- 678318
TI  - The dissolution of cholesterol monohydrate crystals in atherosclerotic plaque
      lipids.
AB  - Uncomplicated human atherosclerotic plaques often contain large amounts of
      cholesterol esters and solid cholesterol monohydrate crystals. If such plaques
      are to regress the crystalline cholesterol would have to dissolve and be
      transported out of the arterial wall. Since cholesterol is quite insoluble in
      water, dissolution of plaque crystals might occur through lipids in the plaque,
      specifically, the cholesterol esters. As part of a study on feasibility of plaque
      reversal we have studied a specific step involving the dissolution of cholesterol
      monohydrate into cholesterol ester oil. With specific considerations of the
      composition and physical state of the cholesterol ester solvent, the size and
      form of cholesterol monohydrate crystals, the agitation rate, the temperature and
      the presence of water, we have found that cholesterol esters are an efficient
      solvent for cholesterol monohydrate crystals. The rate of dissolution was fast
      reaching 90% of saturation in 1 h. We conclude dissolution of cholesterol
      monohydrate into cholesterol ester oil is not a rate-limiting step in reversal of
      the atherosclerotic plaque. We suggest that transport of dissolved cholesterol
      from cholesterol ester oil may limit the removal. If transport of dissolved
      cholesterol could be enhanced, cholesterol monohydrate crystals could be rapidly
      dissolved and facilitate reversal of atherosclerotic lesions.

PMID- 678319
TI  - Comparison of absorption and metabolism of beta-sitosterol and beta-sitostanol in
      rats.
AB  - The fates of [4-14C]beta-sitosterol ([14C]S) and [4-14C]beta-sitostanol ([14C]HS)
      were compared after after oral or intravenous administration to rats. Excretion
      into feces of oral [14C]HS was significantly higher than that of [14C]S. More
      than 97% of [14C]HS and 88% of [14CS]S were recovered in the feces within 7 days.
      Thus, deposition of [14C]HS was negligible in the tissues that were examined.
      Turnover in serum of [14C]HS which was injected intravenously appeared to be more
      rapid than that of [14C]S; [14C]HS was excreted as neutral steroids at a rate
      more than twice that of [14C]S. The rate of excretion of [3H]cholesterol was
      slightly greater when HS was administered simultaneously. The liver contained
      significantly less radioactivity after [14C]HS than after [14C]S administration.
      More [14C]HS than [14C]S was present in esterified form in serum and liver. The
      ratio of sterol in very low density lipoprotein to that in high density
      lipoprotein was less for HS or S than for endogenous cholesterol; this was
      particularly marked with HS. These results suggest that HS would be a more
      effective hypocholesterolemic agent than S.

PMID- 678320
TI  - Coronary Drug Project report on clofibrate and niacin.

PMID- 678321
TI  - Coronary Drug Project Research Group.

PMID- 678322
TI  - Nonlinear systems analysis of repetitive firing behavior in the crayfish stretch
      receptor.

PMID- 678323
TI  - A language for computer generation of medical data forms.
AB  - In this paper we describe the main features of a small-scale plotting language
      used to produce medical data forms. It requires no previous knowledge of
      computers and is easily learned and used. Its use at the Statistical Laboratory
      at the State University of New York at Buffalo has resulted in considerable time
      savings, a greater unification of data items and data forms, and an increase in
      the quality of data collected.

PMID- 678324
TI  - Tolerance of equine strongylid larvae to desiccation and freezing.

PMID- 678325
TI  - Chemical modifications of tyrosyl residue(s) and action of human-fibroblast
      interferon.
AB  - Partially purified and purified human fibroblastoid interferon were iodinated and
      nitrated under experimental conditions in which the most likely amino acyl
      residue modified was tyrosine(s). The modification resulted in a loss of human
      interferon activity suggesting that tyrosyl residue(s) is associated with the
      antiviral action of human interferon.

PMID- 678326
TI  - Growth cones of cultured sympathetic neurons contain adrenergic vesicles.
AB  - The growth cones of dissociated rat sympathetic neurons developing in culture
      were fixed with potassium permanganate to visualize vesicular stores of
      norepinephrine through the formation of granular precipitates. It was found that
      growth cones contain numerous small granular vesicles (SGV) 40-60 nm in diameter.
      The majority of the SGV was present in the varicosity of the growth cone but SGV
      also occurred in filopodia. The SGV appeared in clusters or scattered throughout
      the varicosity. Treatment of the cultured neurons, before fixation, with
      reserpine, which depletes catecholamine stores by blocking uptake into vesicles,
      resulted in the presence of small clear vesicles. In contrast, growth cones of
      nonadrenergic sensory neurons dissociated from dorsal root ganglia and fixed with
      permanganate lacked SGV and possessed small clear vesicles. These observations
      indicate that the growth cones of cultured sympathetic neurons contain
      norepinephrine, suggest that the norepinephrine is stored in synaptic vesicles,
      and raise the question whether this transmitter plays a role in early axon-target
      cell interactions during synapse formation.

PMID- 678328
TI  - Minimal oxygen consumption in infants cared for under overhead radiant warmers
      compared with conventional incubators.
AB  - Infants under radiant warmers have large increases in insensible water loss
      compared with infants in single wall incubators. To answer the question of
      whether or not a minimal rate of oxygen consumption could be achieved under
      overhead radiant warmers, we measured oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide
      production, and abdominal skin, cheek, rectal, thigh, and environmental
      temperature in ten healthy newborn infants in incubators and radiant warmers,
      using each infant as his/her own control. The minimal VO2 ranged from 4.41 to
      8.87 and from 4.35 to 9.06 cc/kg/minute in the incubator and radiant warmer,
      respectively. The differences were clearly not significant (paired Student t
      test, P greater than 0.60). There were no significant differences between the
      respiratory quotients, VCO2, or abdominal skin, check, rectal or environmental
      temperatures. These data support the hypothesis that a thermoneutral environment
      can be provided with a radiant warmer and imply that large increases in
      insensible water loss can occur without affecting minimal oxygen consumption.

PMID- 678327
TI  - Inheritance of low serum immunoglobulin D.
AB  - Previous studies have shown that log IgD levels in normal individuals are
      distributed in a nonunimodal manner. Therefore, in this study we tested whether
      inheritance might play a role in determination of IgD levels. IgD levels were
      measured in serum or plasma from 301 randomly selected children aged 6-18 yr, 245
      consecutive adult blood donors, and 134 first-degree relatives of subjects with
      low IgD levels. Comparison of serum and plasma from five individuals revealed no
      difference, so the two were used interchangeably. The distributions of log IgD
      levels in randomly selected populations of both adults and children were
      nonunimodal with nadirs at 2.15 IU/ml. In both of these randomly selected
      populations, 13-14% of the subjects had low IgD values (<2.15 IU/ml). In
      addition, there was a significant sibling-sibling correlation of log IgD values
      (r = 0.56, n = 72, P <0.01). Because of the nonunimodality of the frequency
      distribution histogram for IgD values and because of the familial aggregation of
      these values, the study was extended to include first-degree relatives of
      subjects with low plasma IgD. Blood samples from 92% of living first-degree
      relatives, 134 individuals, were analyzed for their level of IgD, and the results
      of segregation and pedigree analyses of these data were compatible with autosomal
      recessive inheritance of an allele for low plasma IgD levels. IgD values in
      plasma from siblings of probands for low IgD were also non-unimodal in
      distribution with a nadir at congruent with2.15 IU/ml. The results suggest that
      there is autosomal recessive inheritance of an allele for low plasma IgD.

PMID- 678329
TI  - Fever and survival: the role of serum iron.
AB  - 1. The effects of bacterial infection and temperature on serum iron levels were
      investigated in the lizard Dipsosaurus dorsalis. 2. Changes in body temperature
      from normal (38 degrees C) to febrile (41 degrees C) did not alter serum iron
      levels. Injection with Aeromonas hydrophila led to a significant reduction in
      serum iron levels, comparable to that found in mammals. This reduction in serum
      iron level was independent of the lizard's body temperature. 3. When grown in
      vitro, A. hydrophila grew equally well at afebrile (38 degrees C) and febrile (41
      degrees C) temperatures. When the iron levels of the growth medium were reduced,
      the bacterial growth was diminished at the febrile temperature but was not
      significantly affected at the afebrile temperature. 4. The addition of iron
      supplements to bacterially infected lizards led to an increase in the percent
      mortality. 5. These results indicate that one of the mechanisms behind the
      beneficial, or adaptive value of fever in D. dorsalis is the decrease in iron
      available to the pathogenic micro-organisms.

PMID- 678330
TI  - Chronic inflammatory gingival and periodontal disease.
AB  - Gingivitis and periodontitis account for more than 95% of all inflammatory
      diseases of the tissues surrounding the teeth, comprising the principal cause of
      tooth loss in adults. Gingivitis is a relatively innocuous inflammation of the
      gums, with associated bleeding and exudation. Gingivitis may convert to
      periodontitis, a destructive aggressive disease with resorption of alveolar bone,
      destruction of collagen with fibrosis, and formation of deep pockets around the
      necks of the teeth. Gingivitis and periodontitis are caused by microorganisms
      populating the gingival sulcus and periodontal pocket. Treatment is directed
      toward arresting the progress of the disease through debridement and
      stabilization of the teeth. Toothbrushing and other measures by which the teeth
      are mechanically cleaned remain the most effective way to control plaque
      accumulation and periodontal disease.

PMID- 678331
TI  - Sodium excretion after renal vasodilation by papaverine in conscious and
      anesthetized sheep.

PMID- 678332
TI  - Myofibroblasts and free silicon around breast implants.
AB  - Fibrous tissue capsules, from around silicone breast implants, were examined by
      light microscopy, and by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, the
      latter combined with energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Contractile fibroblasts
      (myofibroblasts) were found in most of these fibrous capsules, and especially in
      those recently formed or manipulated. The element silicon was positively
      identified by X-ray analysis in half the tissue specimens. This material was
      found only around gel-filled implants. In the specimens studied, the clinical
      hardness of the breast was unrelated to the presence of silicon in the capsule.

PMID- 678333
TI  - Survivor-victims: who discovers or witnesses suicide?

PMID- 678334
TI  - Ultrastructural differences in efferent ducts and several regions of the
      epididymis of the hamster.

PMID- 678335
TI  - Saccadic velocity studies in Mobius syndrome.
AB  - Eight patients with Mobius syndrome were examined and their eye movements studied
      with horizontal saccadic velocity measurements. A marked decrease in velocity of
      horizontal saccades was noted, indicating both medial and lateral rectus
      weakness. Significant esotropia, when present, may be improved with conventional
      recession-resection surgery.

PMID- 678336
TI  - [Squamous cell papilloma of the 3rd cerebral ventricle].
AB  - An extremely rare tumor of the III brain ventricle, a squamous cell papilloma, in
      a man of 49 is described. The localization of the neoplasia without any topical
      association with the vascular plexus confirms the opinion that squamous cell
      papilloma of the III ventricle belongs to the group of craniopharyngiomas.

PMID- 678337
TI  - Approaches to the health and medical care of adolescents.

PMID- 678338
TI  - [Prevention of neonatal asphyxia with estimizol after the use of opiates and
      sedatives during labor].

PMID- 678339
TI  - [A case of malignant melanoma of the iris].

PMID- 678340
TI  - Orthopedic rehabilitation of the dysvascular lower limb.

PMID- 678341
TI  - Perception of blur in optometric test.
AB  - Sensitivity to blur detection was measured for 30 optometric patients by having
      them match the clarity [or blur] of the target words at the test endpoint with 1
      of an identical set of photographically defocused words. The group showed
      considerable variance in their blur scores which approached a normal
      distribution. Some clinical implications are discussed.

PMID- 678342
TI  - Trypanosoma brucei: renal pathology in rabbits.

PMID- 678343
TI  - Renin-sodium profile and its therapeutical implications in arterial hypertension.
AB  - In 35 patients with moderate or severe essential hypertension (EH) four groups
      could be identified by plasma angiotensin II (AII) (formula: see text) and by
      exchangeable sodium (ENa) (formula: see text) determination. In 6 patients with
      high AII (135.9 pg/ml +/- 26.29) and normal ENa (98.83% +/- 1.40) propranolol
      significantly lowered both blood pressure (BP) and AII, suggesting that these
      forms of EH are renin dependent. In 15 patients with normal AII (36.43 pg/ml +/-
      2.27) and high ENa (124.23 +/- 2.78) and in 6 patients with low AII (8.36 pg/ml
      +/- 3.39) and high ENa (125.16% +/- 5.71) the maximal hypotensive effect was
      achieved after ENa reduction with thiabutazid. These forms of EH appear to be
      volume-sodium dependent. In 8 patients with increase of both AII (76.53 pg/ml +/-
      5.72) and ENa (112% +/- 1.72), propranolol associated with thiabutazid lowered
      the BP, AII and ENa suggesting that these cases are mixed forms. ENa
      determination appears to be a reliable index for renin profiling; such a renin
      sodium profile allows to identify some pathophysiologic forms of arterial
      hypertension.

PMID- 678344
TI  - Absorption of inhaled antigen into the circulation of isolated lungs from normal
      and immunized rabbits.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine whether the absorption of inhaled
      antigen (Ag) across the pulmonary air-blood barrier of the isolated perfused lung
      can be modulated by immunologic mechanisms. Lungs from immunized or nonimmunized
      rabbits were removed, ventilated, and perfused with autochthonous blood.
      Radioiodinated Ag (human serum albumin or ovalbumin) was introduced as an aerosol
      into the isolated lung for 15 min and blood samples were taken over a 4-h period.
      The results showed that radioactivity fom inhaled Ag entered the perfusing blood
      as two fractions. One fraction was precipitable by 5% trichloroacetic acid or
      antiserum. The TCA-soluble fraction chromatographed differently from iodide and
      may have represented metabolites of the Ag. Immunization specifically reduced the
      amount of antigenically intact protein entering the blood. On the other hand, the
      metabolite reached higher concentrations in the blood of immunized lungs. We
      conclude that the alveolar capillary barrier of the normal rabbit lung could
      provide a significant route of entry for inhaled antigen into the systemic
      circulation and that immunization reduces absorption via this route and enhances
      pulmonary metabolism of the Ag.

PMID- 678345
TI  - The role of non-biting flies in the transmission of enteric pathogens (Salmonella
      species and Shigella species) in Beirut, Lebanon.
AB  - In the summer and early autumn of 1974, flies were trapped in the Beirut
      districts of Ashraffiyah, Burj, Burj-Hammoud, Quarantine, the New Slaughter
      House, Ras Beirut, American University Campus, and the suburbs of Chiyah and
      Mreyjieh. Musca domestica, Muscina stabulans, Calliphora vicina, Phormia regina,
      Phaenicia sericata, Sarcophagidae spp. and Fannia canicularis were identified.
      The rural areas of Mreyjieh and Chiyah had higher densities of Musca domestica
      while higher densities of Calliphoridae spp. were found in the Slaughter House,
      Quarantine and Burj-Hammoud districts. Twenty-nine isolates, ten of Shigella spp.
      and 19 of Salmonella spp. were obtained from the bacteriological studies of 72
      batches of Muscidae spp. and 84 Calliphoridae spp. These results indicate the
      hyperendemicity of salmonellosis and shigellosis in the areas under study, due to
      the prevalent poor sanity conditions and high fly infestation. It is suggested
      that in countries where valid health statistics are not available,
      bacteriological studies of flies may provide essential epidemiological
      information.

PMID- 678347
TI  - Behavioral marriage therapy: I. A psychodynamic-systems analysis and critique.
AB  - After briefly summarizing the major theoretical premises and treatment strategies
      of Behavioral Marriage Therapy (BMT), five major clusters of implicit assumptions
      in BMT are identified and critically examined: I. "The Rational Observing Ego
      Shall Conquer All"; II. "Behavior Should Not Mean, But Be"; III. "What's Sauce
      for the Goose is Sauce for the Gander"; IV. "Repression Is Good for Your Marital
      Mental Health"; V. "The Folly of the Therapist as Technician." Throughout this
      analysis, the conceptual and clinical limitations of a strictly or predominantly
      behavioral approach to couples therapy are described, and BMT is reconsidered in
      the light of object relations theory and communication theory perspectives on
      marital dysfunction and its treatment.

PMID- 678346
TI  - Fluorouracil therapy in patients with carcinoma of the large bowel: a
      pharmacokinetic comparison of various rates and routes of administration.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of fluorouracil after oral, intravenous and rectal
      administration were compared in 12 patients with colorectal cancers. Oral
      administration of 10 to 15 mg/kg gave variable plasma levels (0 to 10.5
      microgram/ml) and bioavailability (0 to 74%; mean 28%). Bioavailability increased
      markedly with increases in dose, suggesting saturation of the 'first pass'
      hepatic metabolism of the drug. Differences in bioavailability could not be
      related to standard liver function tests or the presence of metastatic deposits
      in the liver. Plasma levels were not detectable after rectal administration in
      the 4 patients studied and were very low (0 to 8 microgram/ml) during high dose
      (20 to 30 mg/kg/24h) slow intravenous infusion in 6 patients. These findings
      indicate that different dose schedules and routes of administration produce
      markedly different plasma levels. They suggest that the rate of degradation of
      fluorouracil by the liver is quite variable and may become saturated with
      increasing dose. For these reasons monitoring of plasma levels of the drug in
      individual patients may be useful.

PMID- 678348
TI  - Behavioral marriage therapy. II. Empirical perspective.
AB  - Two recent published reviews of research on behavioral marriage therapy
      stimulated us to supplement these accounts with additional relevant data. First,
      we place research on behavioral couples therapy in the broader context of outcome
      research on nonbehavioral marital therapy. We then summarized the results of 23
      studies of behavioral couples therapy not included in these previous reviews and
      conclude that these additional data on controlled and comparative studies do
      little to enhance the current empirical status of efficacy of behavioral marriage
      therapy and in no case do they establish the superiority of social learning
      approaches. It is concluded that an open mind to all sources of data on the
      efficacy of marital therapy is needed if the field is to make meaningful
      advances.

PMID- 678349
TI  - Behavioral marriage therapy. III. The contents of Gurman et al. may be hazardous
      to our health.
AB  - This paper was written as a reply to a critique of behavioral marital therapy
      (BMT) by Gurman, Kniskern, and Knudson (6, 7). The reply is divided into four
      sections. First, the paper addresses the critics' comments on the conceptual
      model put forth by BMT, correcting and clarifying various misconceptions, and
      restating some of the basic ideological principles in the behavioral model.
      Second, the paper discusses behavioral change techniques and technology, along
      with extratechnological treatment considerations. Again, misrepresentations of
      BMT are corrected. Third, an analysis of the literature investigating the
      therapeutic efficacy of BMT is reviewed, and the conclusion is reached that BMT
      is demonstrably effective, at least for a substantial number of mildly to
      moderately distressed couples. Criticisms are made of the analysis of the same
      literature conducted by Gurman et al. We conclude that, contrary to the spirit of
      the paper by Gurman et al., BMT is a viable framework for conceptualizing and
      treating relationship problems and that the commitment of its adherents to
      experimental investigation promises continued evolution, refinement, and
      improvement.

PMID- 678350
TI  - Behavioral marriage therapy. IV. Take two aspirin and call us in the morning.
AB  - The Jacobson-Weiss critique of the Gurman-Knudson and Gurman-Kniskern discussions
      of behavioral marriage therapy (BMT), while scholarly, derives from such a narrow
      conceptual set that, with only minor exceptions, Jacobson and Weiss have failed
      basically to comprehend the essence of our theoretical and logical criticisms of
      BMT. Moreover, a careful reanalysis of the research cited by our critics as
      evidence for the efficacy of BMT reveals the strength of the empirical foundation
      of this approach to have been greatly exaggerated. While few of our concerns
      about a preominantly behavioral approach to marriage therapy have been
      ameliorated by Jacobson and Weiss' commentary, some success seems to have been
      achieved in terms of our original purpose: to stimulate critical thinking about
      the premises and process of marital therapy.

PMID- 678351
TI  - A feminist approach to family therapy.
AB  - Although family therapy recognizes the importance of the social context as a
      determiner of behavior, family therapists have not examined the consequences of
      traditional socialization practices that primarily disadvantage women. The
      unquestioned reinforcement of stereotyped sex roles takes place in much of family
      therapy. A feminist therapy orientation that considers the consequences of
      stereotyped sex roles and the statuses prescribed by society for females and
      males should be part of family therapy practice. This paper describes the ways in
      which family therapists who are aware of their own biases and those of the family
      can change sexist patterns through applying feminist principles to such areas as
      the contract, shifting tasks in the family, communication, generational
      boundaries, relabeling deviance, modeling, and therapeutic alliances.

PMID- 678352
TI  - Individual and family growth: a Gestalt approach.
AB  - Gestalt therapy is described as a comprehensive framework of theory and
      techniques for experiential family threapy. Like other experientially oriented
      therapies, it is systems-oriented, immediate-experience-oriented, and affect
      oriented. Unlike others, this method regards the client system's emergent
      processes as the central focus, and it emphasizes that growth occurs as the
      family and its members are helped to greater self-awareness and responsibility
      for their own functioning.

PMID- 678353
TI  - An interactional approach to dysfunctional silencing in family therapy.
AB  - This paper presents an interactional approach to the problem of dysfunctional
      silencing in family therapy. Silencing is classified as dysfunctional if it
      satisfies two conditions: (a) it occurs repeatedly and independently of content,
      and (b) it functions as negative feedback that limits change in the family
      system. Dysfunctional silencing is defined as those efforts of one or more family
      members to limit change by repeatedly blocking the communication of another
      family member, who in turn colludes by tacitly agreeing to remain silent. The
      interactional approach presented utilizes conflict-resolution techniques and
      videotape feedback; it is illustrated by a case example.

PMID- 678354
TI  - Through the looking glass: the experiences of two family therapy trainees with
      live supervision.
AB  - A thorough investigation of the literature pertaining to therapy supervision
      reveals that supervision has never been examined from the viewpoint of the
      trainee. This paper examines live supervision of family therapy from that
      viewpoint. It suggests that live supervision is a powerful and effective tool--a
      tool that engenders strong emotional responses.

PMID- 678355
TI  - Hazards of anaesthesia.

PMID- 678356
TI  - Hazards in anaesthetic equipment.

PMID- 678357
TI  - A medico--legal view.

PMID- 678358
TI  - Ciculation-time models of the uptake of inhaled anaesthetics.

PMID- 678359
TI  - Closed-circuit anaesthesia.

PMID- 678360
TI  - The influence of bronchial smooth muscle tone on critical narrowing of dependent
      airways.
AB  - Critical narrowing of the dependent airways was examined in anaesthetized dogs
      with closed chests. Two techniques were used, (a) "closing" volume (CV), measured
      from the expired nitrogen plateau and (b) tantalum bronchography, to measure the
      calibre of airways of 3-8 mm diameter in the upper (UZ), middle (MZ) and lower
      (LZ) zones. The point of airway "closure" at the junction of phases III and IV of
      the alveolar plateau coincided with an inflection in the diameter-lung volume
      curve of the airways in the most basal zone of the lung. This was accompanied by
      a sudden large increase in the calculated resistance of the airways in LZ
      compared with UZ. Following stimulation of the vagi CV increased and there was
      increased narrowing of airways, particularly in LZ. The addition of 0.5%
      halothane to the anaesthetic abolished the effect of vagal stimulation on CV and
      on airway resistance.

PMID- 678361
TI  - Changes in airway calibre following pulmonary venous congestion.
AB  - "Closing volume" (CV) was measured in 18 anaesthetized dogs before, during and
      after pulmonary vascular congestion produced by inflation of a balloon placed in
      the left atrium. In group A 10 dogs were anaesthetized with pentobarbitone. CV
      increased from 30.0 +/- 1.2 to 42 +/- 5.6% of vital capacity (P less than 0.05)
      when pulmonary wedge pressure was increased from 0.21 +/- 0.27 to 1.54 +/- 0.44
      kPa (1.6 +/- 2.0 to 11.6 +/- 3.3 mm Hg) (P less than 0.05). In seven of these 10
      dogs gas exchange was impaired after an increase of left atrial pressure. These
      changes in lung function during pulmonary vascular congestion were not associated
      with an increase in lung water. In group B, eight dogs were studied after
      anaesthesia with chloralose and urethane. Vagotomy or vagal cooling to 0 degrees
      C returned CV to baseline values in six dogs with pulmonary vascular congestion.
      In two dogs in which bilateral vagotomy had been performed before pulmonary
      vascular congestion there was no change in CV after balloon inflation.
      Isoprenaline abolished the effect of pulmonary vascular congestion on closing
      volume. This suggests that the vagus mediates the changes in lung mechanics
      associated with pulmonary vascular congestion.

PMID- 678362
TI  - Ventilatory effects and plasma concentration of morphine in man.
AB  - The relationship between the plasma concentration of morphine and morphine
      induced changes in ventilation and the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide was
      studied in 17 healthy adults undergoing elective surgery under general
      anaesthesia. Each subject was given morphine sulphate 0.15 mg kg-1 i.m.;
      ventilation (Ve), end-tidal PCO2(PE'CO2), mixed venous PCO2(PVCO2) and
      ventilatory response to carbon dioxide (delta Ve/deltaPCO2) were measured before
      and within 90 min after injection. Mixed venous PCO2 and deltaVe/deltaPCO2 were
      measured by standard rebreathing methods; plasma morphine concentration was
      measured by radioimmunoassay. Maximum plasma morphine ranged from 30 to 120 ng ml
      1, between 4 and 60 min after injection. There was a significant increase in
      mixed venous PCO2 (P less than 0.001), and PE'CO2 (P less than 0.01) after
      morphine while Ve decreased insignificantly. Morphine displaced the carbon
      dioxide response curve to the right (P less than 0.01) and delta Ve/delta PCO2
      decreased from 12.3 to 10.0 litre min-1 kPa-1 (P less than 0.05). The magnitude
      of changes in Ve and deltaVe/deltaPCO2 were not related to the peak plasma
      concentration of morphine or to the mean concentration immediately before and
      after the carbon dioxide response measurement. Plasma concentrations of morphine,
      under the conditions of the present study, are not an objective indicator of
      pharmacological activity between one patient and another.

PMID- 678363
TI  - Low ventilatory response to carbon dioxide not associated with increased
      depression by morphine.
AB  - Ventilation (Ve), end-tidal (Pe' CO2), mixed venous PCO2 (PVCO2) and the
      ventilatory response to carbon dioxide (deltaVE/deltaPCO2) were measured before
      and within 90 min after morphine 0.15 mg kg-1 i.m. given to 17 adult patients
      undergoing elective surgery under general anaesthesia. The hypothesis that
      patients with a low ventilatory response to carbon dioxide are more susceptible
      to the ventilatory depressant effects of morphine was tested. Morphine induced
      increases in PE'CO2 and PVCO2 were not correlated with either the slope or the
      position of hte preinjection response to carbon dioxide. Mean delta Ve/deltaPCO2
      was depressed after morphine (P less than 0.05), but individual responses varied
      widely. Seven patients whose control delta Ve/PCO2 was 9.9 litre min-1 kPa-1 or
      less decreased delta Ve/deltaPCO2 after morphine. In four patients, delta
      Ve/deltaPCO2 increased after morphine; however, in each case, PE'CO2 and PVCO2
      increased also. Morphine displaced the carbon dioxide response to the right (P
      less than 0.001) but no correlation was found betwen either the magnitude of the
      displacement or change in slope and control delta Ve/deltaPCO2. The results
      suggest that patients with a low value for delta Ve/deltaPCO2 are not more
      susceptible to the ventilatory depressant action of morphine.

PMID- 678364
TI  - Effects of fentanyl on intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure
      during hypocapnia.
AB  - Ten patients presenting for carniotomy were studied. Each was anaesthetized with
      thiopentone or Althesin followed by tubocurarine and the lungs were
      hyperventilated with nitrous oxide in oxygen. Fentanyl 0.2 mg was administered
      i.v. and the intracranial pressure (i.c.p.) and mean arterial pressure were
      recorded continuously for 10 min. At the time of administration of fentanyl nine
      of the 10 patients were hypocapnic (PaCO2 less than 4 kPa). The changes in i.c.p.
      were small. Cerebral perfusion pressures less than 50 mm Hg were observed in two
      patients who had moderate hypotension before the drug was given. We conclude that
      fentanyl is a valuable agent in the hyperventilation technique in patients with
      intracranial space-occupying lesions, provided that hypotension is absent.

PMID- 678365
TI  - Biodegradation of halothane, enflurane and methoxyflurane.
AB  - The biodegradation of halothane, enflurane and methoxyflurane was studied in 22
      patients undergoing abdominal surgery, by measuring the uptake and elimination of
      each agent and the fluoride excretion in urine. Six control patients were
      anaesthetized with nitrous oxide in oxygen together with neuromuscular blocking
      drugs, five patients with nitrous oxide in oxygen and 0.93% halothane, five with
      nitrous oxide in oxygen and 1.30% enflurane, and six with nitrous oxide in oxygen
      and 0.31% methoxyflurane. The ratio of the fluoride excretion in urine to the
      total amount of fluoride contained in the amount of each anaesthetic agent
      absorbed during anaesthesia was estimated to be 17.7% for halothane, 2.3% for
      enflurane and 46.3% for methoxyflurane. The serum fluoride concentration
      increased to a maximum of 15.8 +/- 3.8 mumol litre-1 (mean +/- SD) at 6 h after
      anaesthesia with methoxyflurane, while it did not exceed 8 mumol litre-1 with the
      other anaesthetic agents.

PMID- 678366
TI  - Frequency of atopy and allergy in an anaesthetic patient population.
AB  - Ten thousand patients presenting for anaesthesia in the British Isles were
      questioned about a possible history of atopic or allergic disorders. The overall
      percentage frequency of atopy was 8.5, comprising eczema 2.4, hay fever 3.8 and
      asthma 3.5. The frequency of allergies was 13.5, of which penicillin was the most
      common (6.2). Females had a significantly greater frequency of atopy or allergy
      than males. Patients with a history of atopic disorders had a higher frequency of
      allergies than the non-atopic group (36.2% compared with 11.4%) and vice versa.

PMID- 678367
TI  - Effect of halothane on the rate of acid production, lactate production and
      pyruvate dehydrogenase activity of malignant hyperpyrexia human muscle.
AB  - The rates of acid production were compared in thin strips of muscle biopsy
      samples isolated from malignant hyperpyrexia and control vastus internus human
      muscle. Halothane doubled the rate of acid production by malignant hyperpyrexia
      susceptible muscle but had no effect on control samples. This increased rate of
      release of acid from muscle was not from lactate. In addition, the pyruvate
      dehydrogenase activity of both control and malignant hyperpyrexia muscle samples
      was not stimulated by halothane.

PMID- 678368
TI  - Extradural analgesia revisited. A statistical study.
AB  - The results of 334 lumbar extradural analgesics, administered in a standard
      manner, allowed reassessment of some factors influencing the spread of local
      anaesthetic solution in the extradural space. There was no evidence of increased
      spread in patients with degenerative vascular disease when compared with a
      control group free from such disease. The patient's height and age had a small
      effect on spread. The results contradict the earlier assumption of a direct
      relationship between the volume of anaesthetic solution injected and the number
      of segments blocked.

PMID- 678369
TI  - Bacterial contamination of anaesthetic gases.
AB  - The bacterial content of oxygen and nitrous oxide immediately before and after
      passing through clean and used breathing systems (circuits) was measured using a
      specially constructed agar chamber (Bourdillon's slit sampler). The content per
      litre of oxygen from the outlet of the anaesthetic machine was 4.0 X 10-2, and
      2.9 X 10-2 for nitrous oxide, corresponding to 3.5 X 10-2 for a 50% mixture of
      the gases. After passing through cleaned circuits, the bacterial pollution of the
      gas mixture had increased by 30%, but more than elevenfold after passing through
      used circuits. The content from cleaned circuits was less than that measured
      previously in the air of hospital wards and operating theatres, whereas gases
      from used circuits were polluted to approximately the same extent. It is
      concluded that used circuits may increase the risk of cross-infection. The
      cleaning method employed by us (dish-washer--hot airy drying) appeared to be
      acceptable.

PMID- 678370
TI  - Effect of heating on the osmotic fragility of stored blood.
AB  - The effect of incubation at 37 degrees C, 46 degrees C, 47 degrees C and 48
      degrees C for 1 h on the osmotic fragility of blood was determined. Blood taken
      from volunteers into ACD and CPD was examined after 1, 7, 14 and 21 days of
      storage. In addition, 22-day-old blood stored in CPD was examined. The osmotic
      fragility was unchanged after incubation at 37 degrees C and 46 degrees C,
      slightly increased at 47 degrees C and markedly increased at 48 degrees C. The
      duration of storage did not have any marked effect. The results suggest that
      incubation of stored blood at 46 degrees C for 1 h does not cause red cell
      damage.

PMID- 678371
TI  - Assessment of recovery from short anaesthesia using the cerebral function
      monitor.
AB  - In 18 females undergoing minor gynaecological surgery, recovery from anaesthesia,
      which included methohexitone, has been assessed using: clinical examination, six
      different psychomotor tasks and, in six patients, e.e.g. The cerebral function
      monitor (CFM) was used also to determine its value in such patients. Clinical
      signs and the results of performance tests returned to the pre-anaesthetic values
      2 h following anaesthesia, but CFM tracings were still significantly different at
      8 h (P less than 0.05). Similar changes in e.e.g. were significant only in the
      first 2 h; this may be a result of the visual analysis of the traces. The results
      suggest that CFM is a sensitive indicator of persistent effects of anaesthesia.

PMID- 678372
TI  - Cardiac arrhythmia induced by pneumoencephalography.
AB  - Cardiovascular collapse associated with pneumoencephalography (PNE) has been
      reported but there has been no prospective study of its nature and cause. We have
      recorded prospectively the e.c.g. of 82 unselected patients, with no
      cardiovascular or metabolic disease, undergoing PNE under general anaesthesia.
      The frequency of arrhythmia following air injection was 60%; bradycardia 22%;
      ventricular ectopic beats 26%; nodal rhythm or sinus tachycardia 11%.
      Cardiovascular collapse occurred in three patients; two with "torsades de
      pointes" and one with bigeminy and q.r.s. block. Arrhythmia was more frequent in
      patients with a pituitary tumour and intracranial hypertension (91%). Eight
      postoperative control PNE examinations were uneventful. Three of four patients
      with frontal lobe tumours and four of seven with posterior fossa tumours
      exhibited arrhythmia.

PMID- 678373
TI  - Use of propanidid and lignocaine to modify the increase in serum potassium
      concentration following injection of suxamethonium.
AB  - A technique of general anaesthesia involving the use of propanidid, nitrous
      oxide, oxygen and halothane followed by a slow injection of suxamethonium and
      lignocaine is described. The technique decreased the increase in serum potassium
      concentration that follows the injection of suxamethonium and, it is suggested,
      possesses advantages over the existing practice of the injection of non
      depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs before suxamethonium in an attempt to
      reduce the frequency of serious cardiac arrhythmia.

PMID- 678374
TI  - Unusual response to extradural analgesia in the presence of an intradural spinal
      tumour.
AB  - A patient is presented in whom indications of the presence of an intradural,
      extramedullary tumour became apparent during the induction of an extradural
      block. It is suggested that a combination of signs should arouse suspicions of
      such a tumour close to the puncture site. Pain within an area covered by an
      extradural block does not indicate necessarily a supraspinal cause for the pain.

PMID- 678375
TI  - Sodium nitroprusside for aneurysm surgery in pregnancy. Report of a case.
AB  - A 25-year-old woman in the 7th month of pregnancy was operated upon for a
      ruptured cerebral aneurysm. Sodium nitroprusside was used to achieve effective
      controlled hypotension. Signs of foetal distress were transient. Subsequent
      delivery was spontaneous and uneventful. Development of the child at 2 yr was
      satisfactory. The various physiological aspects and the action of nitroprusside
      on both mother and foetus are discussed.

PMID- 678376
TI  - Better communication.

PMID- 678377
TI  - Carotid artery palpation and distortion of QRS complex during general
      anaesthesia.

PMID- 678378
TI  - Decrease in intraocular pressure produced by I.V. or conjunctival diazepam.

PMID- 678379
TI  - Diazepam and intraocular pressure.

PMID- 678380
TI  - Hypersensitivity to atropine.

PMID- 678381
TI  - Neuromuscular blockade by neostigmine.

PMID- 678382
TI  - Meptazinol after open-heart surgery.

PMID- 678383
TI  - Pentobarbitone distribution and enzyme induction.

PMID- 678384
TI  - Liver function after repeated halothane and enflurane anaesthesia.

PMID- 678385
TI  - The clinical pharmacology of mexiletine.
AB  - 1. Mexiletine was given to 156 patients by intravenous or oral routes of
      administration. 2. There was great interpatient variation in kinetics and plasma
      concentrations with both routes of administration. 3. The mean volume of
      distribution was 6.63 l/kg. The mean plasma elimination haf-life after chronic
      oral therapy was 11.31 h. 4. Plasma concentrations between 0.75 and 2.00
      microgram/ml were usually effective. Within this therapeutic range severe side
      effects were uncommon. 5. Plasma concentrations within this range were achieved
      in 72% of patients when doses of 10--14 mg-1 kg-1 day were given orally.

PMID- 678386
TI  - Comparison of intra-arterial and indirect blood pressures at rest and during
      isometric exercise in hypertensive patients before and after metoprolol.
AB  - 1. Blood pressure was measured both directly and indirectly in seven hypertensive
      patients before and after a single oral dose of 100 mg metoprolol, at rest and
      during sustained handgrip. 2. Intra-arterially measured systolic and diastolic
      blood pressure increased linearly with time during sustained handgrip at 50% of
      maximal voluntary contraction. This linearity persisted for 60 s or more in most
      cases. Heart rate increased linearly for the first 30 s. 3. Indirectly measured
      blood pressure using an observer bias minimizing Auto-Manometer, under-read
      systolic and over-read diastolic pressure both at rest and during handgrip. 4. By
      exact timing of recorded values during handgrip and linear extrapolation (or
      interpolation) from base-line readings, mean values at 30 and 60 s of handgrip
      were calculated. The relationship between direct and indirect values remained the
      same at base-line and 30 s of handgrip. At 60 s of handgrip, this was true only
      for diastolic pressure. For systolic pressure, indirect and direct values almost
      coincided. 5. After metoprolol, directly recorded pressure fell slightly (7--12
      mm Hg, 0.02 less than P less than 0.10), both at rest and during handgrip, and
      heart rate fell by 15--18 beats/min (P less than 0.01). The systolic blood
      pressure and heart rate effect of metoprolol at 1 min handgrip correlated with
      peak plasma drug levels. Indirectly measured blood pressure did not  change
      significantly. 6. The rate of rise in heart rate and blood pressure from base
      line to 60 s handgrip was not significantly influenced by metoprolol.

PMID- 678387
TI  - Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies with long-acting propranolol.

PMID- 678388
TI  - Plasma protein binding of propranolol and isoprenaline in hyperthyroidism and
      hypothyroidism.
AB  - 1. The possibility that thyroid disease might result in alterations in the plasma
      proteins binding of drugs has been investigated by studying the binding of
      propranolol and isoprenaline in patients with hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism.
      2. Plasma protein binding of propranolol and isoprenaline has been measured in
      seven hyperthyroid patients and ten hypothyroid patients. Plasma binding was
      estimated by equilibrium dialysis at 37 degree C using triatiated propranolol and
      isoprenaline, both when the patients had thyroid dysfunction and again when they
      were euthyroid. 3. In the hyperthyroid group, mean propranolol binding varied
      from 86 +/- 1.7% when hyperthyroid to 88.4 +/- 0.8% when euthyroid. The
      comparable isoprenaline figures were 65.1 +/- 3.2% and 68.1 +/- 1.4%
      respectively. Neither difference was significant. 4. Isoprenaline binding was
      significantly lower (64.3 +/- 1.6%) when patients were hypothyroid than when they
      became euthyroid (68.8 +/- 1.2%). Propranolol binding was not altered by
      hypothyroidism. 5. It is concluded that clinically important alterations in free
      drug concentrations of propranolol or isoprenaline do not occur in
      hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism.

PMID- 678389
TI  - Effects of piretanide, bumetanide and frusemide on electrolyte and urate
      excretion in normal subjects.
AB  - 1. The pharmacological actions of a new short acting loop diuretic were
      investigated in nine healthy male subjects and compared with those of frusemide
      and bumetanide. Subjects received 6 mg piretanide/day, 40 mg frusemide/day or 1
      mg bumetanide/day for a period of 1 week. 2. Comparison of effects following the
      first dose administered showed that 6 mg piretanide is of similar potency to 40
      mg frusemide in terms of diuresis, natriuresis and kaliuresis but is less potent
      than 1 mg bumetanide. 3. All three diuretics caused a decrease in urate excretion
      and a rise in serum uric acid. 4. Piretanide was well tolerated. Further
      investigation is required to ascertain what clinical advantage it offers over
      frusemide and bumetanide.

PMID- 678390
TI  - Plasma, bone, hip capsule and drain fluid concentrations of ampicillin and
      flucloxacillin during total hip replacement after intravenous bolus injection of
      magnapen.
AB  - 1. A rapid intravenous bolus injection of 4.0 g Magnapen (which contains 2.0 g of
      ampicillin and 2.0 g of flucloxacillin) was to seven patients undergoing total
      hip replacement immediatly before induction of general anesthesia.
      Postoperatively the patients patients received 2.0 g Magnapen by intramuscular
      injection every 6 h for up to 72 h until removal of the wound drains. 2. The
      plasma, bone, hip capsule and drain fluid concentrations of ampicillin and
      flucloxacillin were measured by a differential small plate microbiological assay
      method using Sarcina lutea and a penicillinase producing Staph. aureus Russell as
      the test organisms. 3. The mean +/- s.e. mean concentrations of ampicillin after
      this regimen were 4222.2 +/- 285.0 microgram/ml (plasma), 65.6 +/- 1.3 microgram
      (g (hip capsule), 19.1 +/- 3.8 microgram/g (cancellous bone), and 211.1 +/- 65.6
      microgram/g (ground up bone) respectively. 4. The mean +/- s.e. mean
      flucloxacillin concentrations after this regime were 137.2 +/- 28.4 microgram/ml
      (plasma), 61.8 +/- 15.0 microgram/g (hip capsule), 47.1 +/- 9.5 microgram/g
      (cancellous bone) and 139.4 +/- 21.8 microgram/g (ground up bone) respectively.
      5. An intravenous bolus injection of Magnepen (4.0 g), given immediately before
      induction of general anaesthesia, provides concentrations of ampicillin and
      flucloxacillin in plasma, hip capsule, cancellous and ground up bone, and drain
      fluid that exceed the MICs of these antibiotics against Staph. aureus and E.
      coli. 6. The plasma, hip capsule, cancellous and ground up bone concentrations of
      ampicillin after this dose of Magnapen do not, however, exceed the MICs of the
      Gram negative anaerobes that sometimes cause postoperative wound infections in
      these patients.

PMID- 678391
TI  - Irradiation of human skin by short wavelength ultraviolet radiation (100--290 nm)
      (u.v.C): increased concentrations of arachidonic acid and prostaglandines E2 and
      F2alpha.
AB  - 1. Human abdominal skin was irradiated with six times the minimal erythema dose
      of ultraviolet C (100--290 nm) radiation. Erythema appeared at 3 h, was of
      moderate degree by 6 h and was maximal at 12--24 h. It was reduced at 48 h and by
      72 h had disappeared. 2. A suction bulla technique was used for the recovery of
      exudate from normal and inflamed skin at 6, 18, 24 and 48 h after irradiation. 3.
      Prostaglandin-like activity, estimated by bioassay, showed maximum increase at 18
      h, when erythema was also maximum. PGF 2alpha, measured by both radioimmunoassay
      and by combined gas-liquid chromatography--gas spectrometry, followed a similar
      time course then fell to normal, or near normal, levels at 48 h. 4. Prostaglandin
      E2 and arachidonic acid concentrations, measured by gas chromatography--mass
      spectrometry, were maximally raised at 18--24 h. At 48 h, when some erythema was
      still present, though reduced, prostaglandin E2 concentrations were still raised
      above control values. 5. The results provide direct evidence in support of the
      view that the erythma following irradiation of human skin by u.v.C involves
      activation of arachidonic acid metabolism. However, the relationship between the
      erythema and increased prostaglandin activity is not fully understood.

PMID- 678392
TI  - Factors determining the potency of cholinomimetic miotic drugs and their effect
      upon the light reflex in man.
AB  - 1. Television pupillometry was used to measure the effect of six topically
      applied cholinomimetic drugs on the resting diameter and light reflex amplitude
      of the human pupil. Drug potency was obtained from dose response curves. 2. The
      tertiary amines arecoline, aceclidine and pilocarpine were considerably more
      effective miotics than the choline esters carbachol, methacholine and
      acetylcholine. 3. All the drugs which caused miosis also reduced light reflex
      amplitude proportionally. 4. The in vitro potency of these drugs was also
      measured on preparations of rabbit iris sphincter and guinea pig ileum. 5. Dose
      response relationships for pilocarpine in man and in vitro showed evidence of
      partial agonist activity on the rabbit iris only. 6. A comparison of the in vivo
      and in vitro results showed that three factors influenced the potency of
      topically applied miotics: accessibility to the iris; sensitivity to
      cholinesterase; and cholinoceptor agonist potency.

PMID- 678393
TI  - Drowsiness, impaired performance and tricyclic antidepressants drugs.
AB  - 1. The effects of amitriptyline, protriptyline, protriptyline, and a chemically
      related potential antidepressant, BW247, on performance tests and subjective
      ratings were studied. 2. Two groups of twelve healthy subjects received drugs and
      lactose dummy in identical capsules at weekly intervals according to a balanced
      design, under double-blind conditions, and with standarized tests and
      environment. 3. Amitriptyline produced the most marked effects, with significant
      (P less than 0.05) impairment in auditory vigilance after 6.25 mg. Auditory
      reaction time, tapping rate, arithmetic, and digit symbol substitutions were
      impaired by amitriptyline 12.5 and 25 mg and all doses produced increased ratings
      of mental sedation. The effects began 1.5 h after drug and lasted approximately 5
      h. 4. Nortriptyline produced fewer effects which were later in onset. Tapping at
      1.8 h and auditory vigilance at 3.5 to 4.5 h were impaired by nortriptyline 25 mg
      whereas reaction time was prolonged by both doses at 5 h. No change in rating of
      mental sedation occurred. 5. No significant change in performance or subjective
      ratings followed protriptyline 10 mg or BW247, 12.5 and 25 mg. 6. The findings
      are discussed in relation to the presence of secondary and tertiary amines on the
      side chain of the compounds, and their relative abilities to block neuronal
      uptake of noradrenaline and 5-hydroxytryptamine.

PMID- 678394
TI  - Failure of antacids to alter the pharmacokinetics of phenytoin.

PMID- 678395
TI  - Interaction between phenytoin and antacids.

PMID- 678396
TI  - Clinical pharmacology and communication on new drugs.

PMID- 678397
TI  - The role of the clinical pharmacologist in district general hospitals--a
      pharmaceutical view.

PMID- 678398
TI  - The half-life of amitriptyline.

PMID- 678399
TI  - Determination of metformin in biological samples.

PMID- 678400
TI  - The urinary excretion of phenelzine.

PMID- 678403
TI  - The use of intravenous diazepam in the accident department.

PMID- 678402
TI  - Problems of dermatological diagnosis.

PMID- 678401
TI  - Use of the systolic time intervals in clinical pharmacology.

PMID- 678404
TI  - A trial of debrisan in the cleansing of infected surgical wounds.

PMID- 678405
TI  - Heart failure and lithopedion.

PMID- 678406
TI  - Neonatal neutropaenia.

PMID- 678407
TI  - Spontaneous rupture of the stomach in an adult--a rare complication of pyloric
      stenosis.

PMID- 678408
TI  - Hilar cell tumour of the ovary.

PMID- 678409
TI  - Renal failure in a patient having single dose peroperative intravenous
      cephaloridine.

PMID- 678410
TI  - Skin manifestations due to contact with caterpillars "Thaumetopa pityocampa".

PMID- 678411
TI  - Myocardial infarction following radiotherapy for Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 678413
TI  - The keel operation in the treatment of "giant" incisional hernias.

PMID- 678412
TI  - Incidence and prognosis of acute cerebrovascular accident admissions to a
      teaching hospital during one year.

PMID- 678415
TI  - A case of ruptured spleen in chronic lymphatic leukaemia.

PMID- 678414
TI  - Myocardial infarction-resuscitation following cardiac arrest in a peripheral
      district general hospital.

PMID- 678416
TI  - Thyrotoxicosis during lithium treatment.

PMID- 678417
TI  - Triple infections of the liver occurring concurrently.

PMID- 678419
TI  - Monorecidive or chancre redux.

PMID- 678418
TI  - Primary peritoneal pregnancy on the anterior surface of the uterus.

PMID- 678420
TI  - Congenital, strangulated femoral hernia in an infant aged six months containing
      the ovary and fallopian tube.

PMID- 678421
TI  - Three-centre study on urinary hydroxyproline excretion in cancer of the breast.
AB  - A study instigated by the British Breast Group and involving 3 centres
      (Edinburgh, Glasgow and Liverpool) was carried out to compare 3 methods for the
      estimation of urinary hydroxyproline. No significant difference between the first
      and the second 24 h urine collection was found for each measure of urinary
      hydroxyproline, within laboratories and within patient groups. Reliable
      hydroxyproline studies can, therefore, be performed on one 24 h urine collection.
      The Grant and Ellis/Goldberg methods gave comparable results and the excretion of
      hydroxyproline in the urine measured by either of these 2 methods could be used
      to distinguish cases of breast cancer with osseous involvement (as demonstrated
      by X-rays) from those without. The Hypronosticon Kit method was found to be
      unreliable as it has 29.4% false negatives in breast-cancer patients with X-ray
      demonstrable metastases. The incidence of elevated urinary hydroxyproline
      excretion in breast-cancer patients with negative X-rays was 11/14 (25%), 5/34
      (15%) and 8/43 (19%) for the Ellis/Goldberg, Hypronosticon and Grant methods
      respectively. No conclusion can be drawn regarding the outcome of this group of
      patients because of the short period of follow-up.

PMID- 678422
TI  - A soft-agar procedure measuring growth of human colonic carcinomas.
AB  - Cell suspensions from 5 human colonic carcinomas were fractionated by velocity
      sedimentation and plated in soft agar. Cluster formation was restricted to the
      purest fraction of epithelial cells, as had been determined by immuno- and
      histochemical criteria. Plating efficiencies for the 5 specimens were 1.0-4.5%.
      The effects of varying the incubation period and inoculum size upon growth were
      studied using unseparated cell suspensions from 6 specimens. Clusters were
      apparent after 3 weeks in culture, and maximum cluster formation was typically
      seen by 5 weeks. Cluster formation appeared concentration-dependent, and
      individual specimens varied with respect to the inoculum most conducive to
      growth. The maximum plating efficiencies for unseparated cells were unseparated
      cells were 0.4-1.7%.

PMID- 678423
TI  - Effect of dose fractionation on the enhancement by radiation or cyclophosphamide
      of artificial pulmonary metastases.
AB  - Thoracic irradiation or cyclophosphamide (CP) treatment of mice before an i.v.
      injection of tumour cells enhances the number of lung colonies produced by a
      factor of up to 100+. The effect of fractionation of the X-ray or CP dose on this
      phenomenon was investigated in several ways.The dose-response curve for the
      number of lung colonies as a function of the dose of thoracic irradiation was
      linear, and the degree of enhancement was independent of the number of tumour
      cells injected. Splitting a dose of 1,000 rad into 2 equal fractions separated by
      times varying from 1 to 24 h gave the same enhancement as that produced by a
      single dose of 1000 rad. Similarly, fractionation of 1000 rad into 5 * 200 rad,
      or 2000 rad into 5 * 400 rad (each interval between fractions being 3 h) had no
      effect on the radiation enhancement of colony formation.A single dose of 200
      mg/kg of CP was compared with 3 doses of 66.7 mg/kg (each dose separated by 12 h)
      and with a continuous infusion of 200 mg/kg given over 24 h. In this case,
      fractionation and infusion produced a small reduction in the CP-induced increase,
      but the factor of colony enhancement compared to control mice remained >100.These
      data emphasize the potential hazard of prophylactic treatment of pulmonary
      metastases by X-rays or CP in clinical situations in which control of the primary
      tumour is not achieved.

PMID- 678424
TI  - Effect of x-irradiation of tumour bed on tumour blood flow and vascular response
      to drugs.
AB  - The blood flow of tumours growing in rat mammary glands previously exposed to
      1500 R X-rays was 52% that of same-sized tumours in unirradiated host tissue.
      About 2 months after irradiation, the blood flow of the mammary gland was raised
      and that of the skin was unchanged, compared with the corresponding unirradiated
      tissue. Tumours growing in preirradiated and unirradiated mammary glands
      responded similarly to bolus injections of noradrenaline, angiotensin II, and
      isoprenaline. The responses of the irradiated tissues to these drugs were,
      however, not always the same as those of the corresponding unirradiated tissues.
      Exposure of the lungs to approximately 1500 R X-rays made the animals uniquely
      sensitive to bolus injections of noradrenaline and angiotensin II.

PMID- 678425
TI  - Enhancement of tumour growth in two syngeneic C3H murine systems by immunization
      via the intracaecal route.
AB  - Over the past 70 years many experiments have been designed to promote tumour
      growth. These studies were all carried out in allogeneic tumour systems or by
      artificially influencing the immunization process. In the present study, the
      growth of syngeneic mammary tumour cells was enhanced by prior immunization via
      the intracaecal route. Such induced enhancement could be transferred to untreated
      animals by serum or by spleen cells. Tumour growth was also enhanced in another
      syngeneic system by immunization via the intestinal route with frozen-thawed
      ascites tumour cells. The result is in direct contrast to that obtained by
      similar immunization with live cells, which affords protection against a later
      challenge.

PMID- 678426
TI  - A tumour-associated antigen from the pleural effusion of patients with squamous
      cell carcinoma of lung.
AB  - A fraction showing tumour-associated antigenic properties has been isolated from
      pleural effusions of patients with squamous-cell carcinoma of the lung.
      Purification of the material was accomplished by ion-exchange and affinity
      chromatography, and by immunoabsorbents. The antigenic activity was monitored by
      its inhibitory capacity in a specific complement-dependent cytotoxic system. The
      final fraction has a mol. wt. of approximately 1.7 X 10(5), as judged by gel
      filtration on Sephadex G200, and the main component appears to be a glycoprotein
      with N-acetyl-D-glucosamine groups. The most purified antigen preparation
      exhibited a highly selective capacity to inhibit in the cytotoxic assay and to
      bind, when labelled with 125I, to 2 specific antisera. The active fractions
      isolated from pleural effusions fully crossreacted with fractions prepared from
      squamous-cell carcinoma extracts. CEA and bacterial antigens were not detected in
      the material, and the presence of alpha-fetoprotein, HLA and blood-group antigens
      may be ruled out on account of their respective molecular weights.

PMID- 678427
TI  - Immunopathology of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy.
AB  - Eight patients with angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy have been studied by a
      variety of immunological and pathological techniques. They exhibited a spectrum
      of immunological reactivities that, in this small series, could be roughly
      correlated with survival. Those patients with relative B-cell predominance as
      shown by cell marker studies, histologically showed large numbers of plasma
      cells, and this pattern was associated in 3 of our patients with a survival of 3
      years or more. T-cell predominance or both B- and T-cell depletion was associated
      histologically with large numbers of blast cells and eosinophils, but with few
      plasma cells. These patients responded poorly to therapy and had short survival
      times. One patient with B-cell predominance subsequently died of a histiocytic
      lymphoma.

PMID- 678428
TI  - Coagulation and fibrinolysis during the infusion of Corynebacterium parvum in
      man.

PMID- 678429
TI  - Comparison of three isotope-release assays for spontaneous cytotoxicity of
      macrophages.

PMID- 678430
TI  - Mammalian cell transformation in vitro. Six tests for carcinogenicity.

PMID- 678431
TI  - The degranulation test. Six tests for carcinogenicity.

PMID- 678432
TI  - The sebaceous-gland test. Six tests for carcinogenicity.

PMID- 678433
TI  - The tetrazolium-reduction test. Six tests for carcinogenicity.

PMID- 678434
TI  - The implant test. Six tests for carcinogenicity.

PMID- 678435
TI  - Formylhydrazine carcinogenesis in mice.
AB  - Administration of 0.125% formylhydrazine in drinking water to 6-week-old randomly
      bred Swiss albino mice for life, induced lung tumours. Compared to untreated
      controls, the lung-tumour incidence rose from 15 to 94% in the females and from
      22 to 100% in the males. The treatment had no detectable tumorigenic effect in
      other organs.

PMID- 678436
TI  - Squamous lesions in lungs of rats exposed to tobacco-smoke-condensate fractions
      by repeated intratracheal instillation.
AB  - Twice-weekly intratracheal instillations in rats of up to 24 mg of Fraction (R +
      P)G suspended in either infusine (I) or buffered saline/gelatine (BS/G) gave rise
      to foci of squamous metaplasia of alveolar epithelium (SqM) and squamous
      neoplasms (SqN). Fraction (R + P)G, which is a fraction of cigarette-smoke
      condensate almost as tumorigenic for mouse skin as the nearly 30 * larger mass of
      condensate from which it is derived, could be given in this way for up to 40
      weeks without excessive mortality or any marked effect on the rate of body-weight
      gain. By contrast, similar treatment with Fraction N(QG), a fraction having very
      low tumorigenic activity for mouse skin, induced no SqN and barely any excess of
      SqM over that induced by either vehicle alone.The effects of Fraction (R + P)G on
      the incidence of SqM and SqN were both time and dose related, the effect on SqM
      incidence being already evident after 10 weeks of treatment. No SqN seen were
      unequivocally malignant, though, due to the design of the experiment, only 5 rats
      exposed to Fraction (R + P)G were observed more than 60 weeks after the start of
      the experiment.Other changes in the lung, including aggregates of alveolar
      macrophages laden with golden-brown pigment (GBM) and foci of cuboidal/columnar
      metaplasia of alveolar epithelium (CCM), were frequently seen in response to both
      fractions. Fraction (R + P)G administered in I was more effective in causing SqM
      and SqN than the same fraction administered in BS/G. The implications of the
      findings are discussed, particularly the possibility that the
      intratracheal/instillation technique might be useful as a rapid bioassay for
      comparing the tumorigenicity of different cigarette-smoke condensates.

PMID- 678437
TI  - The contributions of diet and childbearing to breast-cancer rates.
AB  - Mean, age-standardized breast-cancer mortality rates for women of 41 countries,
      during 1970-71, were closely correlated with diet for 1964-66. Partial
      correlation analysis indicated that breast-cancer rates were positively
      correlated with total fat, animal protein and animal calories, independently of
      other components of diet. These 3 components were correlated with one another so
      closely that it was not possible, with available data, to say whether any one was
      associated with breast cancer independently of the other 2. In addition to, and
      independently of, these correlations, breast cancer was associated with
      consumption of refined sugar.Breast-cancer mortality rates at 50-54 years during
      1964-67 for 26 countries were closely correlated with childbearing, expressed as
      mean family size for women aged 45-49 years in 1960-61. However, this correlation
      was not independent of the correlations with diet, and it was concluded that
      variation of breast-cancer rates between countries arose predominantly from
      differences in diet. The variation of breast-cancer risk with childbearing,
      observed in clinial studies, seemed best regarded as a second gradient of risk,
      seen more readily as variation of breast-cancer rates within a population, where
      differences in diet would be relatively small.The physiological basis for the
      association between breast cancer and diet was not clear. The dietary
      associations did not correlate in an obvious way with height, obesity and
      oestrogen levels, factors observed in clinical studies to influence risk of
      breast cancer. That the observed statistical associations were real was supported
      by published findings on effects of diet on mammary cancer in experimental
      animals, as well as the lower rates of breast cancer amongst vegetarians.

PMID- 678438
TI  - Epidemiological evaluation of sunlight as a risk factor of lip cancer.
AB  - A total of 3,169 cases of lip cancer in males and 303 cases in females were
      diagnosed in Finland and reported to the Finnish Cancer Registry in 1953-73. The
      diagnosis was verified histologically in 95% of the cases in males and in 92% in
      females. The mean annual age-adjusted incidence rate was 7.3/10(5) in males and
      0.5/10(5) in females. The annual incidence for males has decreased since the
      early 1960s. The decrease involved all age groups and was not due to a cohort
      effect. Only a very slight decrease in the risk was observable in females. The
      incidence was clearly higher in rural than in urban areas, the urban/rural ratio
      of the age-adjusted incidence rates being 0.6 for males. A decrease in the risk
      with time was observable for both urban and rural populations. The risk was
      highest in the northern and eastern parts of the country, for both urban and
      rural areas. It was concluded that the decrease in the incidence of lip cancer in
      Finland cannot be accounted for solely by the process of urbanization. An inverse
      relationship was found between the mean annual amount of solar radiation and the
      risk of lip cancer. The results are not in accordance with the theory of the
      association between exposure to actinic radiation and the risk of lip cancer. The
      synergistic action of some other factors related to outdoor occupation, and
      probably smoking, would provide a better explanation for the observations in this
      study.

PMID- 678439
TI  - Enzymes of glucose metabolism in carcinoma of the cervix and endometrium of the
      human uterus.
AB  - Twelve enzymes related to the direct oxidative and glycolytic pathways of glucose
      metabolism were assayed in 88 cancers of the cervix and 48 cancers of the
      endometrium of the human uterus, and the activities compared with those obtained
      from a group of control tissues. Significant increases for all but one of the
      enzymes studied (alpha-glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase) were found in cancer of
      the cervix, when compared with normal cervix epithelium. Hexokinase,
      phoshofructokinase, and aldolase appear to be rate-limiting in normal cervix
      epithelium; however, since the increase in activity of the first two in cancers
      was least of all the glycolytic enzymes, redundant enzyme synthesis probably
      occurs in the malignant cell for the enzymes catalysing reversible reactions.
      There was virtually no correlation between the activity of any enzyme measured in
      the cancer sample and histological assessments of the degree of malignancy of the
      tumour, or the clinical stage of the disease. All enzymes except pyruvate kinase
      had significantly higher activity in normal endometrium than in normal cervix
      epithelium, presumably reflecting the greater metabolic requirements of the
      former tissue. Only phosphoglucose isomerase and pyruvate kinase were
      significantly higher in endometrial cancer than in normal endometrium, and there
      were few significant differences between cancers of the cervix and of the
      endometrium, despite the marked differences in their tissues of origin. These
      results suggest the changes occur during malignant transformation to the
      activities of both regulatory enzymes and those catalysing reversible reactions,
      in a manner justifying the conclusion that the general metabolism of tumours is
      convergent.

PMID- 678440
TI  - Epithelial repair in chronic gastric ulcers.
AB  - Features of epithelial repair, namely mitotic activity, cell migration, and cell
      differentiation have been investigated in 17 mucosal biopsy samples from the
      edges of chronic gastric ulcers in 16 patients, using light and electron
      microscopy. Results have shown that mitosis persists at the margins of these
      lesions and that mitotic figures are significantly more numerous in the region of
      chronic ulcers than in normal mucosa. Cells with the ultrastructural features of
      migratory cells are present but adjacent epithelium shows abnormalities of
      differentiation. Lack of cell production does not appear to be the limiting
      factor in epithelialization and some other cause such as an abnormality of cell
      or re-establishment must be sought.

PMID- 678441
TI  - Changes induced by vascular antigens in the aorta of guinea-pigs: immunological
      and morphological studies.
AB  - The effects have been studied of human vessel wall on the cell-mediated and
      humoral immune response, as well as the morphological changes produced in the
      aorta in guinea-pigs. In animals immunized with calcium chloride-tris-citrate
      extracts of the aortic and vessel wall a definite cell-mediated and humoral
      immune response was observed. A cross-reaction was found between the 2 vessel
      wall extracts in the skin test and in the migration inhibition test. The
      induction of desoxyribonucleic acid synthesis was found to be specific. Antibody
      production as well as the concentration of IgG in the serum was increased.
      Simultaneously with increased production of the antibodies the cellular immune
      response did not diminish util the 9th week. A definite alteration was found in
      the aortic intima by histological, histochemical, immunofluorescence and electron
      microscopic methods. In addition some slight changes could be observed in the
      media and in the aventitia of the aorta.

PMID- 678442
TI  - Survival of human 51Cr erythrocytes in guinea-pigs.
AB  - A guinea-pig model for study of the survival of human erythrocytes has been
      developed. The T1/2 survival of human erythrocytes in guinea pigs treated with
      ethyl palmitate and cobra venom factor is about 3 days. This model is
      particularly suited to the study of the pathogenesis and therapy of certain
      intrinsic red cell disorders, such as sickle-cell disease.

PMID- 678443
TI  - Nitroblue tetrazolium test: early gross detection of human myocardial infarcts.
AB  - The hearts from 81 cases of suspected myocardial infarction were stained with the
      nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) test to show damaged heart muscle in the gross at
      necropsy. Thirty-seven cases were of stated clinical age less than 12 h and 27 of
      these were less than 5 h. Seven out of 17 cases under 1 h were negative with NBT,
      but all other cases showed either focal diminution of staining with the dark blue
      diformazan or patchy red staining with the monogormazan of NBT. Thus the method
      may be of diagnostic value at necropsy from 1 h onwards after the time of
      apparent infarction (stated clinical onset). Satisfactory results were obtained
      up to 3 days at ambient temperature after death and for longer when the corpse
      was stored at 4 degrees C.

PMID- 678444
TI  - Perineural angiogenesis in mice bearing subcutaneous tumours.
AB  - Cells of myeloma or fibrosarcoma were inoculated s.c. into BALB/c mice. Intact
      skins and tissue sections from animals killed at periodic intervals after
      inoculation of tumor cells were examined macroscopically and microscopically. The
      development of new blood vessels, probably involved in vascularization of the
      tumor, was observed around the nerves adjacent to the deposit of tumour cells.
      This occurred 5 days after inoculation of cells and before the tumour had a mean
      diameter of less than 1 mm. Lesser degrees of "perineural angiogenesis" were
      noted after s.c. inoculation of mineral oil, Freund's complete adjuvant or
      implantation of intact spleen, but none was observed with killed tumour cells.

PMID- 678445
TI  - Inhibitory effect of prostaglandin A1 on neutrophil motility.
AB  - Using Boyden chambers, Prostaglandin A1 (PGA1) was shown to inhibit directed
      movement of polymorphonuclear (PMN) leucocytes to the chemoattractants endotoxin
      activated serum and casein, and in random migration systems. Depressed chemotaxis
      could not be entirely attributed to defective random migration, as the drug was
      shown to inhibit both chemokinesis (stimulated random migration) and "true
      chemotaxis". In addition, PGA1 inhibited the movement of neutrophils out of
      capillary tubes and substantially reduced hexose monophosphate shunt (HMPS)
      activity. Mice injected with PGA1 demonstrated significantly less PMN movement
      into trypticase-soy-broth-induced peritoneal exudates, and it is postulated that
      during inflammatory processes release of PGA1 increases cell accumulation at the
      site, thereby amplifying the inflammatory response.

PMID- 678446
TI  - Induction of the acute-phase serum protein SAA requires both RNA and protein
      synthesis.
AB  - SAA is a normal acute-phase serum protein which has been identified by its cross
      reaction with antibodies to the amyloid A fibril protein, AA, that is associated
      with secondary amyloidosis. The induction of SAA by bacterial lipopolysaccharide
      (LPS) has been studied with 3 inhibitors of protein synthesis: cycloheximide,
      actinomycin D, and galactosamine. Each of the 3 agents when administered
      simultaneously with LPS completely abolishes induction of SAA for at least 6 h.
      They are all significantly effective when given 1.5 h after LPS but 3 h after LPS
      the inhibitory effect of actinomycin D on SAA induction is markedly reduced.
      Cycloheximide alone can also induce significant concentration of SAA, but a
      longer time is required than for LPS. Thus it appears that the acute-phase SAA
      response is characterized by both RNA and protein synthesis which is initiated by
      the acute-phase inducing agent and which precedes the appearance of elevated SAA
      concentrations in the serum.

PMID- 678447
TI  - The effect of isoprenaline and pilocarpine on mitotic index and goblet cell
      number in rat respiratory epithelium.
AB  - The effect of both isoprenaline (IPN) and pilocarpine (PCP) on mitotic activity
      and goblet cell number has been studied at 5 levels of the bronchial tree in male
      and female animals. While both drugs increased mitotic index and goblet cell
      number at most of the airway levels studied, differences in their effect were
      detected. After both drugs, nuclei in division were more often superficial within
      the epithelium than basal but IPN caused a greater increase in mitotic index than
      PCP. IPN increased goblet cell number at all levels, PCP only in the trachea and
      larger intrapulmonary airways. The types of goblet cell increased by IPN were
      particularly those containing acid glycoprotein, whereas PCP increased all types
      of goblet cell, that is, both those containing neutral and acid glycoprotein.
      After the drugs, the concentration of cells per unit length of airway epithelium
      was higher than normal. This is the first study demonstrating the effect of these
      two drugs on both goblet cell number and cell division. While the two drugs
      differ in their pharmacological action, the result of their stimulation of airway
      epithelium is similar. The way in which each effect is produced is discussed.

PMID- 678448
TI  - Lymphoedema of the rabbit ear following partial and complete lymphatic blockade;
      its effects on fibrotic development, enzyme types and their activity levels.
AB  - The dorsal surface of the rabbit ear was found to be a suitable place for the
      production of long-lasting lymphoedema. Its major tissues (skin and sub
      cutaneous) are those to which secondary lymphoedema is confined in clinical
      situations. After 32 weeks of partial lymphatic blockade total tissue activity
      levels of neutral proteinase and beta-glucuronidase were depressed while alkaline
      phosphatase was elevated. Subsequent complete lymphatic blockade for a further 5
      weeks resulted in severe fibrosis of the s.c. tissues. The total tissue activity
      levels of 3 characteristic lysosomal macrophage hydrolases--acid protease, beta
      glucuronidase and acid phosphatase--were significantly increased. There were
      strong correlations between the activity levels of these enzymes and the extent
      of fibrosis, increased fibrosis being characterized by higher activity levels.
      This, together with other evidence, suggested--as fibrosis became more severe-
      the total number of macrophages increased, but a high proportion of these were
      non-stimulated. Since these cells (when stimulated) are normally responsible for
      the lysis of collagen and removal of fibrotic tissue the impairment of their
      function as occurs in chronic lymphoedema results in further fibrosis and the
      continuation of the vicious circle.

PMID- 678449
TI  - Histopathological effects of methotrexate on mouse liver.
AB  - Mice were injected with up to 9 doses of methotrexate and killed at intervals
      after treatment. Liver changes were assessed histopathologically and by image
      analysis, and included vacuolation and ballooning degeneration of centrilobular
      liver cells. There was considerable irregularity in nuclear size in methotrexate
      treated mice, in which hepatic nuclei were significantly larger than those of
      control animals. Fatty change was not induced in the liver by these doses of
      methotrexate, and there was no cellular infiltration or fibrosis.

PMID- 678450
TI  - Profile of epidermal metabolic activity in autosomal dominant ichthyosis and
      small bowel disorders.
AB  - The in vitro incorporation of 14C acetate by the epidermis has been studied in
      patients with autosomal dominant ichthyosis and in patients with a dry, itchy,
      slightly scaly skin associated with a disorder of the small bowel. Analysis of
      14C acetate containing lipid moieties by thin layer chromatography has indicated
      that there are both quantitative and qualitative differences in the uptake of 14C
      acetate between autosomal dominant ichthyosis and normal. In particular an
      increased incorporation into the triglyceride and phosphatidyl choline fractions
      was noted. No such differences were apparent in those patients with disorders of
      the small bowel. In addition the in vitro incorporation of radioactively labelled
      thymidine, proline and histidine has been studied in these patients. In both
      groups of patients the rate of incorporation of tritiated thymidine and histidine
      into epidermal macromolecules was found not to differ significantly from normal.
      On the other hand the rate of incorporation of tritiated proline was increased in
      both groups of patients.

PMID- 678451
TI  - Corticosteroid effect on epidermal cell size.
AB  - Changes in the epidermis following application of three corticosteroids,
      betamethasone 17-valerate, hydrocortisone 17-butyrate, and hydrocortisone have
      been studied histometrically in human volunteers. The reduction in epidermal
      thickness observed correlated significantly with a reduction in size of the
      viable epidermal cells. There was no significant reduction in the number of cells
      constituting the viable epidermis. These findings indicate that thinning of the
      epidermis is a function of cell size rather than cell number. The epidermal
      changes developed quickly and were rapidly reversible. It is suggested that
      measurement of cell size may be an early and sensitive index of atrophogenicity
      induced by topical corticosteroids. 0.1% Hydrocortisone 17-butyrate and 0.1%
      betamethasone 17-valerate showed equivalent potency in causing epidermal thinning
      and reduction in cell size. Reduction in cell size paralleled increasing
      concentrations of betamethasone 17-valerate, indicating a positive dose-effect
      relationship.

PMID- 678452
TI  - Melanoma specific protein: occurrence in the urine of patients with halo naevus
      and vitiligo.
AB  - Melanoma specific protein is immunologically related to altered naevus cell
      cytoplasm. It is excreted by patients with malignant melanoma but in no other
      malignancy. The protein has been detected in patients with actively developing
      halo naevi but not when repigmentation is taking place. It also occurs in
      patients with very active vitiligo but in no other pigment condition we have
      studied. It is suggested that the protein is a marker of active destruction of
      naevus cells by immune mechanisms and that the release of toxic materials during
      this immune reaction may be responsible for the production of the halo phenomenon
      and for the areas of vitiligo that may be seen elsewhere on the skin.

PMID- 678453
TI  - Cyclophosphamide induced nail pigmentation.
AB  - Cyclophosphamide therapy may occasionally cuase black pigmentation of the nails.
      We report five cases with this side effect and review the data on eleven cases in
      the literature. These changes start in the proximal nail beds and progress
      distally; on withdrawal of cyclophosphamide, clearing of the nail pigmentation
      proceeds in a similar fashion. The development of the nail pigmentation does not
      bear any relation to the primary condition for which cyclophosphamide was
      prescribed. The dose of the drug before the onset of pigmentation ranged from 1.2
      to 12.3 g; the duration of treatment ranged from 10 days to 26 weeks. The
      mechanism of the nail pigmentation is unknown.

PMID- 678454
TI  - Subcorneal pustular dermatosis (Sneddon-Wilkinson disease)--therapeutic problems.
AB  - A patient with subcorneal pustular dermatosis with a fatal outcome is presented.
      Treatment with corticosteroids, vitamin E, dapsone, sulphapyridine and levamisole
      was ineffective. Only systemic treatment with retinoic acid and a new aromatic
      retinoic acid derivative (Ro 10-9359) produced a satisfactory clinical response,
      but a complete remission was not obtained.

PMID- 678455
TI  - Multiple naevocellular naevi in brothers with albinism.
AB  - Multiple naevocellular naevi occurring in two albino brothers are described. The
      light and electron microscopic findings of the naevi are described and the nature
      of the pigment discussed.

PMID- 678456
TI  - Zosteriform lentiginous naevus with ipsilateral rigid cavus foot.
AB  - A patient is presented with a rigid cavus deformity associated with a painful
      linear keratotic lesion on the lateral plantar border. A unilateral zosteriform
      lentiginous naevus is found on the same side as the foot deformity.
      Electrodiagnostic evaluation suggests the presence of a non-specific
      neuromuscular process on the affected side. This association has not previously
      been reported.

PMID- 678457
TI  - Oral therapy of pediculosis capitis with cotrimoxazole.

PMID- 678458
TI  - PUVA-treatment of urticaria pigmentosa.

PMID- 678459
TI  - PUVA: a review of ultraviolet dosimetry.

PMID- 678460
TI  - A study of lupus erythematosus with particular reference to generalized discoid
      lupus.

PMID- 678461
TI  - A theoretical note on the topological features of melanin transfer.

PMID- 678462
TI  - Immunologic aspects of psoriasis. III. Fc-gamma-receptor bearing mononuclear
      cells in peripheral blood.
AB  - An anti-IgG activity has previously been reported at the cellular level in
      patients with psoriasis. This activity was demonstrated by the so-called
      'rheumatoid' rosette test. In the present work the nature of 'rheumatoid' rosette
      forming cells was studied in comparison with other EA rosette techniques. The use
      of purified cell populations showed that the lymphocytes participating in the
      'rheumatoid' rosette phenomenon were lacking conventional T and B cell membrane
      markers, and were thus referred to as null cells. Such mononuclear cells bearing
      a receptor for the Fc part of IgG were able to act as killer cells to IgG-coated
      target cells. The cytotoxic activity was mainly restricted to a small proportion
      of lymphocytes forming 'rheumatoid' rosettes which had a high avidity for EA
      complexes. Such cytotoxicity could contribute to the aetiology of lesions in
      psoriasis.

PMID- 678463
TI  - IgA and C3 complement in the uninvolved skin in dermatitis herpetiformis after
      gluten withdrawal.
AB  - IgA deposits in the skin in 53 patients with dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) have
      been studied in relation to treatment. In 19 patients the disorder was controlled
      by a gluten-freen diet (GFD) alone, in 13 patients by dapsone and GFD and in 18
      by dapsone alone. In 3 patients the skin disorder became insignificant and
      required no treatment. Of the patients taking a GFD alone, six had been clear of
      skin lesions for 7 years, 5 for 3--5 years, and 8 for periods of 6 months--3
      years. IgA deposits were found in all patients in an initial biopsy in a second
      biopsy after treatment for periods varying from 1 to 7 years. There was no
      difference in the quantity of IgA, as assessed by the amount of fluorescence,
      whether patients were controlled with a GFD alone, GFD and dapsone, dapsone
      alone, or in those in clinical remission. The C3 component of complement was
      present in the skin in 3 of the 19 patients (16%) controlled by a GFD alone, 6 of
      the 13 patients (46%) of those controlled by a GFD and dapsone, and in 12 of 18
      (66%) of the patients taking dapsone alone, and in one of the patients in
      clinical remission.

PMID- 678464
TI  - Acid hydrolases in blister fluid. 3. Characterization and quantification of
      peptide hydrolases.
AB  - Cathepsin B1 and Cathepsin C have been characterized and quantified in suction
      blister fluid. These enzymes revealed practically no activity in interstitial
      fluid and serum. Arylamidase was also investigated and found to have similar
      concentrations in serum, blister fluid and interstitial fluid. The properties of
      arylamidase from these sources were identical.

PMID- 678465
TI  - Acid hydrolases in blister fluid. 4. Influence of ultraviolet radiation.
AB  - Large, dose-related increases have been demonstrated in the activity of lysosomal
      hydrolases in the fluid of experimental suction blisters raised on skin
      previously irradiated with UVR-B. These increases appear after a latent period of
      11--18 h, and the pattern of changes shows an extremely good correlation with the
      hydrolase profile of epidermis. These observations offer strong support for the
      concept that lysosomes participated in the sequence of events following UV
      irradiation, but seem to rule out the lysosome as the initial target for UVR.

PMID- 678466
TI  - Mycosis fungoides, nitrogen mustard and skin cancer.
AB  - The prevalence of epithelial cancer was determined in 202 patients with mycosis
      fungoides and the Sezary syndrome and was found to be 10.5%. In an attempt to
      establish a possible association with topically applied nitrogen mustard, it was
      noted that 4.0% of these patients had lesions prior to nitrogen mustard therapy
      (although over half subsequently developed further lesions) and 6.5% of the
      patients developed them de novo after therapy. In two patients in this latter
      group, malignancies developed in are as not usually associated with solar-induced
      cancer. These findings indicate that epidermal neoplasia is not uncommon in these
      patients and that nitrogen mustard may function as a carcinogen or a co
      carcinogen.

PMID- 678467
TI  - Biological changes of human cutaneous nerves caused by ultraviolet irradiation:
      an ultrastructural study.
AB  - Three white male volunteers were irradiated by long wave ultraviolet (UV-A) and
      by solar simulating radiation (SSR). An acute change of cutaneous nerves was
      found following a single exposure of UV-A irradiation. Non-myelinated Schwann
      cells and perineural cells in the papillary and reticular dermis were
      degenerated. Axoplasms appeared to be electron-dense, but were less affected than
      Schwann cells. After long-term repeated exposure, many free nerve endings were
      found in the dermo-epidermal junction above the basal lamina and some of them
      made a terminal enlargement. In one instance an axon made a swelling. Dermal free
      nerve endings also seemed to be increased in number and some of them were
      situated immediately beneath the melanocytes which were active in melanogenesis.
      Multiplication of basal lamina of the Schwann cells and perineural cells was
      observed. Amorphous material was precipitated around the non-myelinated Schwann
      cells. After a single exposure of SSR irradiation the degeneration of Schwann
      cells and axons in the dermo-epidermal junction was less severe than after UV-A
      and changes were minor in the reticular dermis. After repeated exposure, intra
      epidermal proliferation of free nerve endings was detected. Dermal nerves were
      slightly affected. No intra-epidermal free nerve endings were observed in
      controls. The intra-epidermal proliferation of free nerve endings was confirmed
      following repeated UV exposures. Melanocyte-nerve association is suggested to be
      the cause of stimulating melanocyte activity.

PMID- 678468
TI  - Oral photochemotherapy in the treatment of lichen planus (LP). Clinical results,
      histological and ultrastructural observations.
AB  - Seven patients with diffuse lichen planus were treated with oral
      photochemotherapy. Remission was effected in 6 cases. The only failure may be
      attributable to a low UVA dose. Histological examination after treatment showed
      disappearance of the superficial dermal lymphocytic infiltrate. Ultrastructural
      study revealed nuclear alterations of keratinocytes and nuclear and cytoplasmic
      changes in superficial dermal cells. Various theories concerning the mode of
      action of photochemotherapy in lichen planus are discussed in the light of these
      observations.

PMID- 678469
TI  - Suppression of epidermal proliferation by ultraviolet light, coal tar and
      anthralin.
AB  - 360 nm ultraviolet light (UVA) plus coal tar depresses mitosis and DNA synthesis
      in epidermal cells. UVA has no effect by itself. In some models coal tar alone
      can partially depress DNA synthesis. 254 nm ultraviolet light (UVC) and 290--320
      nm ultraviolet light (UVB) do not enhance depression of DNA synthesis by coal
      tar. Dithranol will suppress mitosis and DNA synthesis of epidermal cells but
      there appears to be no photo-activation by UVA. Dithranol suppression and
      suppression of DNA synthesis by UVB or UVC are additive when used together.

PMID- 678470
TI  - The relationship between serum viscosity, hypervolaemia and clinical
      manifestations associated with circulating paraprotein.
AB  - In 44 of 56 patients with malignant paraproteinaemia the relationship of serum
      viscosity, plasma volume (PV), estimated blood volume (BV) and clinical findings
      was investigated and in the remaining 12 patients one or more of these parameters
      was studied. There was a correlation between increased PV and serum viscosity (r
      = 0.66, P less than 0.001). The retinopathy characteristic of the hyperviscosity
      syndrome (HVS) was always associated with serum viscosity greater than or equal
      to 3.8 and with hypervolaemia. The evidence that the retinal changes were related
      more closely to serum hyperviscosity than to hypervolaemia is twofold. First,
      there was a considerable overlap in the degree of BV expansion, but not serum
      hyperviscosity, in patients with and without retinopathy. Second, the retinopathy
      in a patient with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia (WM) improved after plasma
      exchange with little change in BV. While bleeding was often associated with
      retinopathy seven patients with multiple myeloma (MM) had no retinopathy,
      viscosities greater than or equal to 4.3 and BV in the same range as patients
      with no clinical signs. Haemorrhage in such patients may thus be unrelated to the
      property of the paraprotein responsible for hyperviscosity. Measurements of PV in
      a patient with WM having repeated plasma exchanges for bleeding suggested that
      hypervolaemia may contribute to haemorrhage in some patients. It is suggested
      that the term 'HVS' should be restricted to patients with retinopathy and that
      hypervolaemia should be considered a characteristic feature of this syndrome.

PMID- 678471
TI  - Plateletpheresis by discontinuous centrifugation: effect of collecting methods on
      the in vitro function of platelets.
AB  - The in vitro function of platelets collected by two different methods during
      centrifugal plateletpheresis was compared. The RBC method involves collecting
      platelets with red cells followed by a supplementary spin to remove them, whereas
      the no-RBC method requires collecting platelets only from the buffy coat without
      red cells. Platelet response to adenosine diphosphate (ADP), epinephrine and
      collagen was slightly reduced in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) prepared by no-RBC
      technique and was markedly decreased in samples obtained by the RBC technique
      when compared to prepheresis controls. The decrease in platelet response to ADP,
      epinephrine and collagen was apparent in three testing systems: aggregation,
      release of serotonin and reptilase clot retraction. Both plasma and platelets
      appeared to be affected by the pheresis procedure. Platelet preparations obtained
      by both RBC and no-RBC techniques showed an increase of platelet factor 3
      activity and an enhancement of aggregation, release of serotonin and clot
      retraction induced by thrombin as compared to prepheresis controls. Postpheresis
      platelet-poor plasma contains platelet membrane fragments which exhibit a high
      platelet factor 3 activity. The results showed that the RBC method, although
      providing a higher platelet yield, caused more qualitative alterations in
      platelets than in those obtained by no-RBC method, and that both methods of
      collecting platelets activated the procoagulant activity of platelets.

PMID- 678472
TI  - Abnormal platelet aggregation in severe combined immunodeficiency disease with
      adenosine deaminase deficiency.
AB  - The platelets from a boy with adenosine deaminase deficiency-severe combined
      immunodeficiency disease (ADA-SCID) showed markedly subnormal aggregation in
      response to collagen and ADP. In contrast with normal platelets, ATP, AMP and
      adenosine had little effect in inhibiting ADP-induced aggregation of ADA-SCID
      platelets. These observations suggest that altered adenosine metabolism exists in
      ADA-SCID platelets.

PMID- 678473
TI  - The ultrastructural localization of factor VIII-antigen in human platelets,
      megakaryocytes and endothelial cells utilizing a ferritin-labelled antibody.
AB  - By means of electron microscopy combined with the use of monospecific anti-factor
      VIII-antigen (VIIIR:AG) antibodies conjugated to ferritin, the subcellular
      localization of VIIR:AG in platelets, megakaryocytes and in endothelial cells has
      been established. The reported results suggest the possibility that the
      megakaryocyte is able to synthesize VIIIR:AG and also to secrete it by means of a
      microcanalicular system similar to that present in the endothelial cell.
      Platelets may derive their VIIIR:AG content partly from the megakaryocyte and
      partly from the plasma.

PMID- 678474
TI  - Immunologic studies of factor IX (Christmas factor). II. Immunoradiometric assay
      of factor IX antigen.
AB  - A solid-phase two-site immunoradiometric assay has been developed which measures
      factor IX antigen levels as low as 0.0004 u per ml of plasma. In normal
      individuals, the factor IX antigen level correlated with the factor IX
      procoagulant level. In haemophilia B, 14 patients had markedly reduced antigen
      levels (less than 0.06 u/ml) and five had normal levels (greater than 0.60 u/ml).

PMID- 678475
TI  - Factor VIII coagulant activity in an African population in relation to a
      recognized standard.
AB  - The normal range of factor VIII coagulant activity (derived from log potency
      ratio) in some sections of the Nigerian population has been established at 0.65-
      5.55 iu/ml with a geometric mean of 1.90 iu/ml. This was determined against an
      acceptable standard (MRC Human 68/413 with activity o.66 iu/ml). The distribution
      of the potency ratio was log normal. The level was not affected by age or an
      abnormal haemoglobin (Hb A + S or A + C). The mean activity in females was
      significantly higher than the mean value in male subjects. With the use of a
      stable standard, our results show that the conclusions of some previous studies
      in respect of some of the parameters such as population distribution but which
      did not use a recognized standard, were valid. Within the age limits of our
      subjects, age did not affect the population level of factor VIII coagulant
      activity.

PMID- 678476
TI  - Haemoglobin Vanderbilt (alpha2beta289Ser leads to Arg): a new haemoglobin with
      high oxygen affinity and compensatory erythrocytosis.
AB  - Haemolysates of family members from three generations, all of whom had
      polycythaemia, were analysed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH 8.8. Two
      closely spaced major bands were observed, one of which corresponded to Hb A and
      the other to a new mutant designated Hb Vanderbilt. Whole blood from a
      heterozygote for Hb Vanderbilt was analysed for oxygen affinity which was found
      to be much higher than that of normal subjects. Haemoglobin Vanderbilt was
      separated from Hb A using anion exchange chromatography. Cation exchange
      chromatography yielded a variant beta chain from which a mutant peptide was
      identified with a structure corresponding to residues beta83--89 with a Ser leads
      to Arg replacement at position 89. The oxygen affinity of 'stripped' haemolysates
      from the heterozygote was found to be much less sensitive to added organic
      phosphates than haemolysates from normal subjects. In while blood, the decreased
      sensitivity to 2,3-diphosphoglycerate results in an increased oxygen affinity,
      thus explaining the clinical observations of tissue hypoxia and compensatory
      polycythaemia.

PMID- 678477
TI  - The development of haemoglobin A2 in normal negro infants and in sickle cell
      disease.
AB  - The development of haemoglobin A2 levels from birth to 3 years has been compared
      in normal, beta-thalassaemia trait, sickle cell (SS) disease, and S-beta
      thalassaemia genotypes. Hb A2 levels were almost identical in normals and in
      children with SS disease at 1, 2 and 3 years. The most rapid increases in Hb A2
      levels occurred before 6 months but levels were still rising at the end of the
      third year. Sickle cell-beta+ thalassaemia could be differentiated from SS
      disease by the higher Hb A2 levels between 6 months and 1 year. Insufficient data
      were available on S-beta o thalassaemia but since Hb A2 levels in this condition
      are generally higher than those in S-beta+ thalassaemia, differentiation from SS
      disease may may also be possible from the age of 6 months.

PMID- 678478
TI  - Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria in Thailand with special reference to as
      association with aplastic anaemia.
AB  - Eighty-five cases of PNH in Thailand were analysed, with emphasis on the
      comparison with European series and on an association with aplastic anaemia.
      Compared with European series, two points emerge: (1) the disease in Thai affects
      individuals of younger age group with a tendency to male preponderance; (2) the
      incidence of arterial and venous thrombosis is relatively rare. In association
      with aplastic anaemia, two main categories of PNH patients, are described, which
      differ in their clinical and laboratory citeria.

PMID- 678479
TI  - Leucocyte alkaline phosphatase activity during high risk pregnancies.
AB  - 142 determinations of leucocyte alkaline phosphatase (LAP) activity have been
      done in 103 cases of high risk pregnancy. A statistically significant elevation
      of LAP score has been found in high risk pregnancies due to diabetes mellitus,
      toxaemia, renal diseases and third trimester haemorrhage, but not in pregnancies
      complicated by cardiac disease, chronic hypertension, Rh sensitization or
      anaemia.

PMID- 678480
TI  - Birth weight standards in a community of mixed racial origin.
AB  - A prospective study of approximately 2000 consecutive deliveries at a north
      London hospital, with a mixed population distribution of Caucasian, British and
      Irish, Indian and West Indian mothers was made between May 1975 and August 1976.
      Most of the results are based on 1322 births of known gestational age. Babies of
      Indian mothers were found to be approximately 300 g lighter than their Caucasian
      equivalents at term, and by United Kingdom birth weight standards, 15 per cent of
      the babies of Indian mothers were below the fifth centile. Birth weights of
      babies of West Indian mothers ranged between those of the Indian and the
      Caucasians.

PMID- 678481
TI  - A comparison of biparietal diameter measurements using a real-time scanner and a
      conventional scanner equipped with a coded cephalometry system.
AB  - In 131 patients a comparison was made between measurements obtained using a real
      time scanner and those obtained using a conventional "B" scanner with an attached
      "coded cephalometry system": 69 per cent of the readings agreed within +/- 2 mm
      and, when the "B" scan reading was considered "good", 90 percent fell within this
      range. Between 14 and 28 weeks, gestational age diagnoses using the two methods
      were within one week of each other in 88 of 89 patients.

PMID- 678482
TI  - Use of portable real-time ultrasound scanner in district antenatal clinics.
AB  - A portable real-time ultrasound scanner was transported to nine district
      antenatal clinics up to 35 miles from the base hospital. A total of 100 patients
      was scanned. During a scanning time of five to ten minutes, measurements of
      biparietal diameters were obtained easily, and in most cases details of placental
      location, fetal movement and the fetal spine were obtained.

PMID- 678483
TI  - Effect of smoking during pregnancy upon the haematological values of cord blood.
AB  - Haematological indices in cord blood, measured by a Coulter Counter, in 50
      mothers who smoked 10 or more cigarettes a day were compared with those in 75
      control mothers who were non-smokers, but of similar age and parity. Smoking
      during pregnancy was associated with higher levels, of haemoglobin, and the
      haematocrit, as well as with higher red cell counts and a higher mean corpuscular
      haemoglobin. The percentage of fetal haemoglobin in cord blood was not affected
      by smoking. There was no correlation between social class and cord blood
      haemoglobin; but within social class groups, higher cord blood haemoglobin levels
      were associated with smoking. It is suggested that smoking during pregnancy
      stimulates fetal erythropoeisis.

PMID- 678484
TI  - Viscosity, haematocrit, fibrinogen and plasma proteins in maternal and cord
      blood.
AB  - The viscosity at low shear rate of whole blood, plasma and serum, the
      haematocrit, plasma fibrinogen, plasma proteins, and IgM were measured in
      maternal and cord blood immediately following delivery. The whole blood viscosity
      in maternal blood (mean 19.96 +/- 3.74 centipoise or c/p) was similar to cord
      blood viscosity (mean 19.44 +/- 4.28 c/p). The mean haematocrit in maternal blood
      (0.385 +/- 0.026) was significantly lower than the cord haematocrit (0.488 +/-
      0.39). Mean plasma viscosity (1.86 +/- 0.47 c/p) and plasma fibrinogen (4.25 +/-
      0.75 g/litre) in maternal blood were significantly higher than cord plasma
      viscosity (1.12 +/- 0.19 c/p) and cord plasma fibrinogen (1.81 +/- 0.61 g/l).
      Mean serum viscosity (1.22 +/- 0.28 c/p) and mean IgM levels (2.38 +/- 0.36 g/l)
      in maternal blood were significantly higher than cord serum viscosity (0.90 +/-
      0.15 c/p) and cord IgM (0.48 +/- 0.06 g/l). The low low levels of IgM and
      fibrinogen may protect the fetus from the increased viscosity that could be
      expected in association with a high haematocrit.

PMID- 678485
TI  - Triplet pregnancy.
AB  - A series of 14 triplet pregnancies has been analyzed. The older triplet mother
      had a better chance of fetal survival than the younger mother. Parity did not
      appear to have much effect on fetal survival but the maturity of the infants at
      birth had more influence than did birth weight, on their survival. The interval
      between the delivery of the second and third infants did not correlate with the
      poor prognosis for the last infant. Spontaneous breech delivery appeared to have
      a worse prognosis than assisted breech delivery. There was a high incidence of
      girls and they appeared to do better than the boys. There was a high incidence of
      monozygotic twin pairs in these triplet pregnancies.

PMID- 678486
TI  - Pulmonary ventilation in pregnancy.
AB  - Serial tests of ventilatory function were made in 38 normal primigravidae during
      and after pregnancy. During pregnancy all patients showed major changes in tidal
      volume, functional residual capacity and residual volume. Minor changes were
      found in many other measurements, all of which occurred at an early stage of
      pregnancy. Most of the obvious alterations cannot be accounted for adequately by
      mechanical disturbance from the gravid uterus.

PMID- 678487
TI  - Myometrial response to a long-acting vasopressin analogue in early pregnancy.
AB  - Intrauterine pressure was recorded for 4 to 6 hours in 21 healthy women having a
      therapeutic abortion at 6 to 9 weeks gestation. Fourteen of the women received an
      intravenous injection of 300 microgram of N-alpha-triglycyl-(8-lysine)
      vasopressin (TGLVP) and seven were used as controls. Uterine tone and the
      amplitude and duration of uterine contractions increased in all women receiving
      the drug, uterine tone usually rising first, with a change in contractions as a
      secondary effect which lasted for the rest of the observation period. Uterine
      activity did not change in the controls. These results suggest that TGLVP might
      be used for the induction of abortion during the first trimester of pregnancy.

PMID- 678488
TI  - Aminotic fluid levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine and 5-hydroxyndoleacetic acid before
      and during labour.
AB  - Levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were
      measured in amniotic fluid obtained at membrane rupture during labour and at
      amniotomy before the onset of labour. The levels of both 5-HT and 5-HIAA were
      higher during labour. The implications of this finding are discussed.

PMID- 678489
TI  - The prognostic value in threatened abortion of plasma progesterone values and the
      cornification index of vaginal smears.
AB  - The predictive values of plasma progesterone levels in 70 patients threatening to
      abort was investigated. It was found that no patient aborted whosed plasma
      progesterone level remanined above 35 nmol/l between 7 and 16 weeks of pregnancy,
      whereas if the plasma progesterone level was less than this, subsequent abortion
      always occurred. The predictive value of cornification index in vaginal smears
      was also examined: many smears were unsatisfactory for assessment and in patients
      with threatened abortion there was a 14 per cent incidence of falsely optimistic
      and 29 per cent of falsely pessimistic predictions.

PMID- 678490
TI  - Comparison of oral and intravenous glucose tolerance tests in the diagnosis of
      diabetes in pregnancy.
AB  - Forty potentially diabetic patients in the third trimester of pregnancy had an
      oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)) and an intravenous glucose tolerance test
      (IVGTT); in only three were both test "diabetic". Of the 21 patients with a
      normal OGTT, 9 were "borderline" and 3 "diabetic" when tested by an IVGTT.
      Patients with an abnormal IVGTT but a normal OGTT were left untreated and allowed
      to go into labour spontaneously with a favourable outcome. There were no
      convincing relations between the results of the GTTs and levels of insulin, HPL
      or cortisol.

PMID- 678491
TI  - Production of fibrinolytic enzymes by macrophages on intrauterine contraceptive
      devices.
AB  - Intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCDs) were removed from 44 patients with a
      variety of clinical conditions, and incubated in culture media. Following
      incubation for up to 96 hours the total numbers of macrophages on each device
      were counted. The Lippes loop and Saf-T- Coil had higher counts than the Copper
      7. The counts on all devices were higher at mid-cycle and during menstruation and
      significantly higher in patients with menorrhagia and intermenstrual bleeding (P
      less than 0.0005). Samples of culture media were taken on a number of occasions
      for up to 96 hours for fibrinolytic studies, and fibrinolytic activity increased
      with time in 10 of 16 cases where fibrinolytic activity was detected. There was a
      weak positive correlation between the number of cells on each of the 10 devices
      which produced a rise in fibrinolytic activity and the highest level of activity
      produced by each of the devices (r = +0.59; P less than 0.05). Plasminogen
      activator activity was maximum early in the incubation period, while plasmin-like
      activity predominated in later samples. The possible role of macrophages in IUCDs
      in causing menorrhagia is discussed.

PMID- 678492
TI  - Rapid enlargement of carniopharyngioma in pregnancy.
AB  - A patient is described in whom rapid enlargement of a craniopharyngioma during
      pregnancy caused visual disturbance. The tumour was removed at 29 weeks gestation
      and the patient went on to have a spontaneous labour and vaginal delivery at
      term.

PMID- 678493
TI  - Onchocerciasis--out of oubliette.

PMID- 678494
TI  - Effects of various concentrations of diethylcarbamazine citrate applied as eye
      drops in ocular onchocerciasis, and the possibilities of improved therapy from
      continuous non-pulsed delivery.
AB  - Diethylcarbamazine was given as eye drops in varying concentrations in a half-log
      dilution series from 1.0 to 0.0001% to patients with ocular onchocerciasis.
      Migration of microfilariae into the cornea, followed by their straightening and
      disintegration, was observed with delivery rates as low as 0.1 microgram/hour.
      Dose-related adverse inflammatory reactions, including the development of
      globular limbal infiltrates with itching and redness, were seen with delivery
      rates as low as 0.6 microgram/hour, but substantial inflammatory reactions,
      including severe vasculitis, were seen only with delivery rates of or above 1.0
      microgram/hour. This suggests that it should be possible to achieve beneficial
      clearing of the microfilarial load, without adverse reactions, by continuous non
      pulsed delivery of the drug. Technology exists for such delivery, either directly
      into the eye or systemically by a transdermal system that could give 3 to 7 days'
      treatment from each application. The observations reported suggest that after
      preliminary clearing of the microfilarial load by carefully controlled delivery
      of DEC it may be possible to maintain therapy by less strictly controlled
      delivery in DEC-medicated salt, or to use treatment with suramin, without
      incurring substantial adverse reactions, such as a deterioration in vision in
      cases in which the optic nerve is already compromised. Continuous non-pulsed DEC
      delivery systems could have a place in the management of onchocercal sclerosing
      keratitis. The unique opportunities for using the ocular model to define the
      requirements for beneficial non-damaging therapy with DEC should be explored in
      further field trials.

PMID- 678495
TI  - Evaluation of microfilaricidal effects in the cornea from topically applied drugs
      in ocular onchocerciasis: Trials with levamisole and mebendazole.
AB  - Increasing concentrations of levamisole and of mebendazole were applied to 1 eye
      in groups of 4 patients with ocular onchocerciasis in northern Cameroon. No
      effect resulted from up to 3.0% mebendazole suspensions, but 3.0% levamisole
      solutions rapidly caused entry of microfilariae, straightening out and subsequent
      opacification of previously curled-up living microfilariae, the rapid formation
      of typical limbal globular infiltrates, and the subsequent formation of fluffy
      opacities around the microfilariae. These changes are typical of all other drugs
      so far studied that have a microfilaricidal action on O. volvulus-
      diethlycarbamizine citrate (DEC), suramin, and metrifonate. The efficacy of 3.0%
      levamisole approximated to that of 0.03% DEC. This is in keeping with published
      observations on the filaricidal activity of these 2 compounds. It is suggested
      that this system of drug testing should be considered for systematic use in the
      search for more effective and safer drugs for onchocerciasis.

PMID- 678496
TI  - Further observations on the relationship between ocular onchocerciasis and the
      head nodule, and on the possible benefit of nodulectomy.
AB  - From the examination of 197 patients who presented with one or more head nodules
      in the Sudan savanna in Cameroon, and from previous examinations of patients with
      ocular onchoceriasis, it concluded that in this part of Africa the formation of a
      head nodule is often preceded by the development of ocular lesions. Head
      nodulectomy is therefore of limited prophylactic value. Head nodules were removed
      from 107 of these patients, of whom 17 also received diethyl-carbamazine citrate
      (DEC), and 20 received both DEC and suramin. Fifteen other patients received DEC
      as the only treatment, and 4 suramin alone, while 5 received both DEC and
      suramin. From the follow-up examinations at 9, 12, and 24 months after treatment
      it was concluded that removal of the head nodule was of some benefit to lesions
      of the anterior segment, but that the procedure should be combined with efficient
      micro- and macrofilaricidal therapy in patients at risk of developing ocular
      pathology, that is, those with 15 or more microfilariae per skin snip near the
      outer canthus. This index can be measured by paramedical personnel and is
      therefore of great public health importance in the early detection of "at risk"
      patients.

PMID- 678497
TI  - Further studies on the treatment of ocular onchocerciasis with diethylcarbamazine
      and suramin.

PMID- 678498
TI  - Aspects of corneal changes in onchocerciasis.
AB  - The distribution of living and dead microfilariae in 160 cases of ocular
      onchocerciasis has been studied. A model for coding the densities in 9 different
      areas of the cornea has been used. The average numbers of microfilariae and
      onchocercal punctate opacities per square millimetre were assessed. The highest
      densities were found in the superficial one-third of the corneal stroma at the
      periphery of the nasal and temporal parts of the cornea. Sclerosing  keratitis
      was also recorded, and the average age of the patients in this group was
      significantly higher than in the group with non-sclerosing onchocercal
      involvement. Corneal thickness measurement showed that the presence of
      microfilariae or onchocercal punctate opacities or a faint uveitis did not
      influence the values. In sclerosed areas the corneal thickness varied greatly and
      was dependent on the degree of the vascularisation. The routes of entry of
      microfilariae into the eye are discussed on the basis of the distribution
      patterns of microfilariae and onchocercal opacities.

PMID- 678499
TI  - Visual field defects in onchocerciasis.
AB  - Lesions in the posterior segment of the eye in onchocerciasis may give visual
      field defects, but so far no detailed investigation has been done to determine
      the functional visual loss. Examination of the visual fields in 18 selected cases
      of onchocerciasis by means of a tangent screen test revealed important visual
      field defects associated with lesions in the posterior segment of the eye.
      Involvement of the optic nerve seemed to be important, giving rise to severely
      constricted visual fields. Cases of postneuritic optic atrophy showed a very
      uniform pattern of almost completely constricted visual fields, with only 5 to 10
      degree central rest spared. Papillitis gave a similar severe constriction of the
      visual fields. The pattern of visual fields associated with optic neuropathy in
      onchocerciasis indicates that a progressive lesion of the optic nerve from the
      periphery may be responsible for the loss of vision. The visual field defects in
      onchocerciasis constitute a serious handicap, which must be taken into
      consideration when estimating the socioeconomic importance of the disease.

PMID- 678500
TI  - Two special indications for intraocular lens implantation.
AB  - Two cases with special indications for intraocular lens implants are presented.
      The first case was of a 60-year-old monocular patient with congenital absence of
      the external nose and multiple limb deformities. The second case was of a young
      Bedouin girl with bilateral developmental cataracts who had poor living
      conditions and social objections to wearing spectacles. Intraocular lenses
      restored good vision.

PMID- 678501
TI  - Early postoperative sterile hypopyons.
AB  - 266 eyes were examined by the slit lamp 24 hours after uncomplicated
      intracapsular cataract extraction. An unexpectedly high incidence of 15%
      macroscopic hypopyons was found with a further 13% showing a trace. Possible
      aetiological irritative factors were investigated by individual exclusion, but
      did not materially alter the incidence. All the hypopyons spontaneously and
      rapidly regressed without specific treatment. The suggested explanation of
      hypopyon production is that operative plasmoid aqueous production, inflammatory
      reaction, and hyphaema, coupled with early mobilisation, allow gravitational
      sedimenting out of blood constituents, so that white cells will fall late,
      forming a layer above other blood constituents.

PMID- 678502
TI  - Depth of anterior chamber after cataract extraction.
AB  - A total of 80 patients with senile cataract had the anterior eye chamber depth
      measured optically by means of Haag-Streit's attachment II. The distance to the
      pupillary border was 2.59 +/- 0.05 mm (mean +/- SEM) preoperatively. It increased
      gradually after cataract extraction to 3.33 +/- 0.04 mm, measured 4 months after
      the operation. The increase of depth was the greatest in patients with a flat
      chamber and in elderly patients. The central chamber depth decreased gradually
      after the operation (from 2.82 +/- 0.05 mm preoperatively to 1.95 +/- 0.13 mm 4
      months postoperatively). The number of vitreous prolapse cases rose from 68 to
      87.5% in 4 months. These altered chamber depths were observed to bear no relation
      to postoperative corneal oedema (neither of parenchyma nor of epithelium),
      intraocular pressure, or bleeding into the chamber.

PMID- 678503
TI  - Dural arterio-venous malformations involving the cavernous sinus: a case report.
AB  - A case of dural arteriovenous malformation involving the cavernous sinus is
      reported. The patient was successfully treated with selective embolisation of the
      fistula. These patients constitute a distinct neuro-ophthalmological syndrome
      which may be very difficult to diagnose clinically because of the subtle signs
      and symptoms they present with. Angiography is necessary to make diagnosis and to
      differentiate these patients from those with the more common carotidcavernous
      fistulae.

PMID- 678504
TI  - Dural arteriovenous fistula and spontaneous choroidal detachment: new cause of an
      old disease.
AB  - A case is presented in which bilateral spontaneous choroidal detachments appear
      to be the direce result of bilateral dural arteriovenous fistula of the cavernous
      sinus region. Rapid resolution of the clinical signs followed bilateral orbital
      decompression via the transfrontal approach. Similarities in clinical
      presentation of both entities are reviewed and a premise for their cause-and
      effect relationship elaborated. A literature search for similar unrecognised
      cases is discussed. The paper suggests that this association may be more frequent
      than published reports would imply.

PMID- 678505
TI  - Waardenburg syndrome with a fixed dilated pupil.
AB  - An unusual case of Waardenburg syndrome associated with a detailed and fixed
      pupil of the lighter eye is described. Pharmacological investigations were
      performed to localise the site of the pupillary lesion. A lack of cholinergic
      reactivity was demonstrated, possibly due to congenital agenesis of the sphincter
      pupillae. Sympathetic activity was not impaired. Spiral ganglion agenesis and
      midline congenital anomalies are common features in Waardenburg syndrome. These
      lesions as well as the fixed dilated pupil might be due to an embryonal inductive
      failure.

PMID- 678506
TI  - Edge-light pupil cycle time.
AB  - A thin slit-lamp beam illuminating the pupil margin produces clearly visible
      pupil oscillations. These oscillations can be timed with a stopwatch, thus
      producing a measurement of the "edge-light"  pupil cycle time'. The pupil cycle
      time is remarkably stable in various testing situations and is repeatable within
      about +/- 3% over extended periods of time. Expected normal distribution and 95%
      confidence intervals are given in Table 3. When the iris muscles are normally
      innervated and responsive, the pupil cycle time is dependent on the speed of
      nerve conduction and the number and strength of optic nerve impulses. Only 5% of
      normal persons aged 12 to 50 years are expected to have a pupil cycle time in
      either eye longer than 954 ms or a difference in pupil cycle time between the two
      eyes longer than 70 ms.

PMID- 678507
TI  - Ultraviolet and visible absorption spectra of the purple membrane protein and the
      photocycle intermediates.

PMID- 678508
TI  - Size and shape of the model lipoprotein complex formed between glucagon and
      dimyristoylglycerophosphocholine.
AB  - Glucagon forms water-soluble lipoprotein particles with
      dimyristoylglycerophosphocholine at temperatures below the phase-transition
      temperature of the lipid. The shape and size of this lipoprotein particle were
      studied by viscometry, sedimentation velocity, sedimentation equilibrium,
      quasielastic light scattering, and electron microscopy using both negative
      staining and freeze-fracture techniques. The lipoprotein particle has an oblate
      ellipsoid shape with dimensions of 250 X 70  A and an approximate molecular
      weight of 1.4 X 106. This molecular weight is similar to that found for small
      unilamellar phospholipid vesicles but is achieved in the presence of glucagon
      without sonication. The shape of the glucagon lipoprotein particle is similar to
      that found for the complex formed between some serum apolipoproteins and
      dimyristoylglycerophosphocholine. From these data, a model for the glucagon
      dimyristoylglycerophosphocholine is proposed consisting of a single bilayer of
      phospholipid with the glucagon incorporated into the bilayer structure in such a
      manner as not greatly to disturb the average area occupied per phospholipid
      molecule.

PMID- 678509
TI  - Properties of radiolabeled alpha-bungarotoxin derivatives and their interaction
      with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.
AB  - Column-purified monoiodinated, diiodinated, and tritiated derivatives of alpha
      bungarotoxin (alpha-Bgt) are distinguished on the basis of their ultraviolet
      absorption and circular dichroism (CD) spectra. The pattern of changes in CD
      spectra on incorporation of iodine into a single tyrosine residue of alpha-Bgt
      and the widespread wavelength distribution of these effects are interpreted as
      reflecting primary chemical modification of the tyrosine chromophore as well as
      vicinal and global secondary structural changes. Native and tritiated alpha-Bgt
      are shown to be more effective than iodinated alpha-Bgt derivatives in competing
      for specific toxin binding sites on putative nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
      (nAChR) derived from rat brain reflecting functional perturbation of the modified
      toxin. In contrast, both membrane-bound and solubilized nAChR from Torpedo
      californica electroplax display little or no specific binding preference for
      native toxin, nor are there significant differences in lethal potency of alpha
      Bgt derivatives toward mice. These results suggest that peripheral and putative
      central nAChR may differ in their alpha-Bgt binding properties and suggest the
      usefulness of modified toxin in detecting those subtle differences.

PMID- 678510
TI  - Investigation of the shape and size of myosin subfragment 1 using small-angle X
      ray scattering.
AB  - Measurement of x-ray scattering at very small angles by solutions of myosin
      subfragment 1 (S1) yields a radius of gyration of 3.24 nm (mean) +/- 0.03 nm
      (standard error for N = 9). If S1 is assumed to be ellipsoid of revolution, of
      uniform electron density, with a molecular weight of 1.15 X 10(5) and a partial
      specific volume of 0.73 cm3 g-1, then the axial ratio of the ellipsoid is 2.89 +/
      0.06 (prolate) or 0.26 +/- 0.01 (oblate), and the major axis is 13.0 +/- 0.2 nm
      (prolate) or 10.1 +/- 0.1 nm (oblate). Measurements at larger angles allow models
      of S1 morphology to be tested; theoretical scattering curves for various
      ellipsoids of revolution were calculated. The observed scatterina can be
      approximated by the scattering from ellipsoids with axial ratio 2.0 to 3.0
      (prolate), or 0.25 to 0.4 (oblate). Models that fit the data over the range of
      scattering angles from 0 to 30 mrad are: prolate ellipsoid with axial ratio 2.3,
      major axis 12 nm; and oblate ellipsoid with axial ratio 0.4 and major axis 10 nm.
      Thus analyses of two parts of the scattering curve, by different methods,
      indicate that S1 is fae from spherical, and that its morphology may be
      approximated by ellipsoids of the aforesaid dimensions.

PMID- 678511
TI  - Interaction of skeletal myosin light chains with calcium ions.

PMID- 678512
TI  - Highly active position eight analogues of somatostatin and separation of peptide
      diastereomers by partition chromatography.
AB  - Six stereochemically pure analogues of somatostatin (SS), D- and L-5F-Trp8-SS, D-
      and L -6F-Trp8-SS, and D- and L-5Br-Trp8-SS, were synthesized and found to be
      more potent than somatostatin in suppressing the release of growth hormone from
      cultured rat pituitary cells. Two of the analogues, D-5F-Trp8- and D-5Br-Trp8-SS,
      were respectively 25 and 30 times more active than somatostatin in that assay.
      The analogues were prepared by solid phase synthesis of their corresponding
      diastereomeric mixtures, followed by their complete resolution by preparative
      partition chromatography. Reversed phase high pressure liquid chromatography
      (HPLC) was used to monitor the resolution and also to check the final purity of
      each peptide. Positive identification of each diastereoisomer was determined by
      amino acid analyses of their enzymatic digests, direct comparison with a known
      all-L standard in the case of the 5F-Trp8 analogues, and chromatographic
      separation of dansylated amino acids following enzymatic digestion of D- and L
      5Br-Trp8-SS. The role of tryptophan in somatostatin is discussed and it is
      suggested that maintenance of physiological activity in somatostatin peptides, at
      least on the pituitary, is partially dependent upon the degree of resonance in
      the indole nucleus in position 8.

PMID- 678513
TI  - Sites of phosphorylation on pyruvate dehydrogenase from bovine kidney and heart.
AB  - The highly purfied pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (EC 1.2.4.1) and uncomplexed
      pyruvate dehydrogenase from bovine kidney and heart mitochondria were
      phosphorylated and inactivated with pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase and [gamma
      32P]ATP. Tryptic digestion of the phosphorylated pyruvate dehydrogenase yielded
      three phosphopeptides, a mono- (site 1) and a di- (sites 1 and 2) phosphorylated
      tetradecapeptide and a monophosphorylated nonapeptide (site 3). The amino acid
      sequences of the three phosphopeptides were established to be Tyr-His-Gly-His
      Ser(P)-Met-Ser-Asn-Pro-Gly-Val-Ser-Tyr-Arg, Tyr-His-Gly-His-Ser(P)-Met-Ser-Asn
      Pro-Gly-Val-Ser(P)-Tyr-Arg, and Tyr-Gly-Met-Gly-Thr-Ser(P)-Val-Glu-Arg.
      Phosphorylation proceeded markedly faster at site 1 than at sites 2 and 3, and
      phosphorylation at site 1 correlated closely with inactivation of pyruvate
      dehydrogenase. Complete inactivation of pyruvate dehydrogenase was associated
      with incorporation at site 1 of 1.0--1.6 mol of phosphoryl groups per mol of
      enzyme. Since pyruvate dehydrogenase is a tetramer (alpha2beta2) and since
      phosphorylation occurs only on the alpha subunit, the possibility of half-site
      reactivity is considered.

PMID- 678514
TI  - Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of 6-hydroxydopamine and its interactions with
      SH-containing model compounds. Evaluation of possible mechanism for
      neurocytotoxicity.
AB  - 6-Hydroxydopamine (I) is a well-known neurocytotoxic agent which has become an
      important tool in many neurochemical studies in recent years. Biochemical
      investigations of the mechanism of action of 6-hydroxydopamine indicated that
      this amine binds covalently and irreversibly to proteins. In the present work,
      molecular properties of 6-hydroxydopamine in aqueous solution such as self
      association, ionization, intramolecular conformations, and possible cyclization
      were investigated using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. A model study
      for the interaction of 6-hydroxydopamine with proteins was undertaken by using SH
      containing molecules: cysteine, glutathione, and bovine serum albumin. The
      binding of these compounds to 6-hydroxydopamine was found to cause labilization
      of the hydrogen attached to C2 of the amine aromatic ring. This effect was
      interpreted in  terms of nucleophilic attack of RS- on C1 of 6-hydroxydopamine. A
      proposed model for neurocytotoxicity is discussed.

PMID- 678515
TI  - Distribution of ultraviolet-induced DNA repair synthesis in nuclease sensitive
      and resistant regions of human chromatin.

PMID- 678516
TI  - 1 alpha-hydroxy-25-fluorovitamin D3: a potent analogue of 1 alpha,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D3.
AB  - Chemically synthesized 1 alpha-hydroxy-25-fluorovitamin D3 was compared to 1,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D3 for potency in the chick intestinal cytosol-binding protein
      assay, induction of intestinal calcium transport, mobilization of calcium from
      bone, and epiphyseal plate calcification in the rat. The 25-fluorinated analogue
      causes 50% displacement of 1,25-dihydroxy[23,24-3H]D3 at 1.8 X 10(-8) M in the
      competitive protein-binding assay, whereas only 5.6 X 10(-11) M of unlabeled 1,25
      dihydroxyvitamin D3 is needed for equal competition. This 315-fold difference
      between and 1 alpha-hydroxy-25-fluorovitamin D3 indicates that the fluoro
      analogue is about equipotent with 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 in the protein
      binding assay. However, 1 alpha-hydroxy-25-fluorovitamin D3 is 1/50 as active as
      1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in vivo in the stimulation of intestinal calcium
      transport and bone calcium mobilization in vitamin D deficient rats on a low
      calcium diet. Likewise, 1 alpha-hydroxy-25-fluorovitamin D3 is about 40 times
      less active than 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in inducing endochondrial calcification
      in rachitic rats. No selective actions of 1alpha-hydroxy-25-fluorovitamin D3 were
      noted. Since the 25 position of the analogue is blocked by a fluorine atom, it
      appears that 25-hydroxylation of 1 alpha-hydroxylated vitamin D compounds in vivo
      is not an obligatory requirement for appreciable vitamin D activity.

PMID- 678517
TI  - Phase behavior of synthetic phosphatidylglycerols and binary mixtures with
      phosphatidylcholines in the presence and absence of calcium ions.
AB  - Using differential thermal analysis, scanning calorimetry and light scattering,
      transition temperatures and enthalpy data for the gel to liquid crystalline phase
      transitions of five synthetic phosphatidylglycerol sodium salts (PG-Na+) were
      measured. The  values obtained were almost identical with literature values for
      the corresponding phosphatidylcholines (PC). However, transition temperatures for
      the fully protonated forms of the saturated phosphatidylglycerols (PG-H+) were
      approximately 20 degrees C higher. For binary mixtures of PG-Na+ and PC in which
      the acyl chains of the two species were identical, the width of the thermal
      transition for the phase change was not appreciably greater than that observed
      with either of the two components alone. In contrast, mixing of PG-Na+ and PC
      with different chain lengths increases the transition width. In the presence of
      Ca2+, narrow transitions were also observed with mixtures of PG and PC when the
      chain length of the PG-Ca2+ was equal to or two carbons shorter than the PC but
      the transition width was clearly increased when the chain length of the PG-Ca2+
      was two carbons longer than the PC. Mixing lipids with greater differences in
      chain length or mixing saturated lipids with unsaturated lipids in the presence
      of Ca2+ produced two minima in the thermograms, clearly indicative of phase
      separation. In sum, these results provide evidence for a high degree of
      miscibility of the phosphoglycerol and phosphocholine head groups, either in the
      presence or absence of Ca2+, such that the characteristic phase behavior of each
      mixture is determined primarily by differences in the hydrocarbon chain
      structure.

PMID- 678518
TI  - Ligand-induced conformation changes in Torpedo californica membrane-bound
      acetylcholine receptor.
AB  - A time-dependent increase in ligand affinity has been studied in cholinergic
      ligand binding to Torpedocalifornica acetylcholine receptor by inhibition of the
      kinetics of of [125I]-alpha-bungarotoxin-receptor complex formation. The
      conversion of the acetylcholine receptor from low to high affinity form was
      induced by both agonists and antagonists of acetylcholine and was reversible upon
      removal of the ligand. The slow ligand induced affinity change in vitro resembled
      electrophysiological desensitization observed at the neuromuscular junction and
      described by a two-state model (Katz, B., & Thesleff, S. (1957) J. Physiol. 138,
      63). A quantitative treatment of the rate and equilibrium constants determined
      for binding of the agonist carbamoylcholine to membrane bound acetylcholine
      receptor indicated that the two-state model is not compatible with the in vitro
      results.

PMID- 678519
TI  - Photogenerated reagents for membrane labeling. 1. Phenylnitrene formed within the
      lipid bilayer.
AB  - Phenylnitrene generated photochemically from phenyl azide that is bound to
      artificial phospholipid vesicles labels the fatty acid chains of the lipids in
      low yield. The labeling yield varies from approximately 3.3% with soybean
      lecithin (which is highly unsaturated) to approximately 0.25% with
      dimyristoyllecithin (which is completely saturated). Labeling is largely
      eliminated by reduced glutathione in the aqueous phase. Nitrenes are evidently
      unsatisfactory reagents for the labeling either of lipids or by analogy of the
      hydrophobic portions of membrane proteins. This is mainly because the long
      lifetimes and electrophilic character of nitrenes will lead to the preferential
      labeling of extrinsic membrane components. Phenyl azide itself is further
      compromised as a lipophilic reagent by its rather low partition coefficient into
      lipid bilayers, as measured by equilibrium dialysis.

PMID- 678520
TI  - Photogenerated reagents for membrane labeling. 2. Phenylcarbene and
      adamantylidene formed within the lipid bilayer.
AB  - Phenylcarbene and adamantylidene have been generated photochemically from the
      corresponding diazirines within lipid bilayers. Reasonable yields of labeled
      fatty acid side chains have been observed. The products have been characterized
      by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry  and derive both from the insertion of
      the carbene into carbon-hydrogen bonds of saturated fatty acids and from the
      addition of the carbene to the carbon-carbon double bonds of unsaturated fatty
      acids. In contrast to the results found using phenylnitrene, the lipid labeling
      by carbene is not reduced by the water-soluble scavenger glutath ione. Carbenes
      generated from diazirines are evidently superior reagents for the photolabeling
      of lipids and should be useful for identifying the intrinsic hydrophobic sections
      of membrane proteins.

PMID- 678521
TI  - Structural mapping of aspartate transcarbamoylase by fluorescence energy-transfer
      measurements: determination of the distance between catalytic sites of different
      subunits.

PMID- 678522
TI  - Resonance Raman studies of bovine metarhodopsin I and metarhodopsin II.
AB  - The resonance Raman spectra of bovine metarhodopsin I and metarhodopsin II have
      been measured. The spectra are compared with model chromophore resonance Raman
      data. It was found that metarhodopsin I is linked to opsin via a protonated
      Schiff base linkage, whereas metarhodopsin II is linked by an unprotonated Schiff
      base. A recent suggestion that the chromophore of metarhodopsin II is retinal is
      explicitly disproved. The chromophores of both metarhodopsins are found to have
      an essentially all-trans conformation. The basic mechanism for color regulation
      in both forms appears to be electron delocalization. The data tend to support the
      model of cis-trans isomerization as the primary mechanism for vision. Also, the
      conclusions and inferences of this work on energy uses and storage by rhodopsin
      in neural generation are discussed.

PMID- 678523
TI  - Altered aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complexes in G1-arrested Chinese hamster ovary
      cells.
AB  - Aminoacyl-tRNA SYNTHETASE COMPLEXES EXISTING IN Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells
      were shown to undergo alterations as a function of the growth state of the cell.
      The distribution pattern for 13 particulate postribosomal aminoacyl-tRNA
      synthetases in 10-30% (w/v) exponential sucrose gradients was determined for the
      enzymes from CHO cells as they exist under three different culture conditions:
      exponential growth, G1 arrest induced by isoleucine deficiency, and G1 arrest
      induced by leucine deficiency. The synthetases specific for the amino acids Arg,
      Asp, Cys, Gln, His, Lys, Met, Thr, and Val have indistinguishable distribution
      patterns in all three cell types. However, the synthetases specific for Glu, Pro,
      Leu, and Ile have a unique distribution of synthetase forms in the G1-arrested
      cultures and this distribution is independent of whether G1 arrest was induced by
      isoleucine or leucine deficiency. The distribution of synthetase forms in G1
      arrested cells differs in a definite, reproducible manner from the profiles
      obtained with the exponentially growing cells, and this fact is strong evidence
      for an in vivo role for the synthetase complexes.

PMID- 678524
TI  - Mechanism of tRNA-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase recognition: influence of
      aminoalkyladenylates.

PMID- 678525
TI  - Role of hypermodified bases in transfer RNA. Solution properties of dinucleoside
      monophosphates.

PMID- 678526
TI  - Interaction of kidney renin with aryl-, isoalkyl-, and N-alkyl-substituted
      Sepharose derivatives: multiplicity of interaction sites.

PMID- 678527
TI  - Structure of methemerythrin at 2.8-Angstrom resolution: computer graphics fit of
      an averaged electron density map.
AB  - The crystal structure of methemerythrin from Themiste dyscritum has been
      determined at 2.8-Angstrom resolution by single isomorphous replacement technique
      combined with anomalous scattering from a K2HgI4 derivative. Noncrystallographic
      symmetry relating the four subunits in the asymmetric unit was used to obtain an
      average electron density map of the hemerythrin monomer, and a computer graphics
      system was used to fit a polypeptide model to the electron density. The average
      map was of sufficient quality to locate most of the amino acid side chains and to
      confirm the assignment of His-25, His-54, Glu-58, His-73, His-77, His-101, Asp
      106, and Tyr-109 as the iron ligands. One of the mercury sites in the heavy atom
      derivative is located between two Cys-9 residues related by a noncrystallographic
      twofold axis, although no intersubunit disulfide bond is present in the native
      structure. The residues responsible for the binding of the subunits to form the
      octamer are identified.

PMID- 678528
TI  - Primary structure of histone H2B from trout (Salmo trutta) testes.

PMID- 678529
TI  - Aminoacyl derivatives of "bridged" nucleosides: chemical synthesis and substrate
      activity of 2'(3')-O-(N-acetyl)-L-leucyl-2''(3'')-O-L-phenylalanyl-(1,2
      diadenosin-N6-yl)ethane, a spacer probe for ribosomal peptidyltransferase.

PMID- 678530
TI  - Size of histone gene transcripts in different embryonic stages of the sea urchin,
      Strongylocentrotus purpuratus.

PMID- 678531
TI  - Sea urchin fertilization envelope: isolation, extraction, and characterization of
      a major protein fraction from Stronglyocentrotus purpuratus embryos.

PMID- 678532
TI  - Assignment of the 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of aqueous ganglioside
      GM1 micelles.
AB  - This article describes the natural-abundance Fourier-transform carbon-13 nuclear
      magnetic resonance spectrum, at 67.88 MHz, of aqueous micelles of bovine brain
      ganglioside GM1 of purity greater than 99%. Assignments are given for every
      carbon nucleus in the molecule, on the basis of a comprehensive study of the
      relevant mono-, di-, tri-, and polysaccharides, including several containing
      sialic acid (5-acetamido-3, 5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-nonulopyranosonic
      acid), and phospho-, sphingo-, and glycosphingolipids. These assignments
      represent an extension of the 13C nuclear magnetic resonance data from
      monosaccharides and lipids to complex oligosaccharides and glycolipids. They also
      form the basis for interpretation of spectral perturbations induced in GM1 by
      titration with paramagnetic europium(III). The single sialic acid in GM1 was
      found to be alpha-glycosidically linked in the oligosaccharide from
      considerations of its unique anomeric chemical shift. The sialic acid carboxyl
      and glyceryl side chain, along with additional ligands donated by the 2-acetamido
      2-deoxy-beta-D-galactopyranoside and terminal beta-D-galactopyranoside residues
      in the oligosaccharide portion of GM1, were found to be intimately involved with
      cation binding. It is proposed that the higher affinity, compared with monomeric
      sialic acid, of GM1 for cations may result from these additional oligosaccharide
      groups, which may effectively compete for water ligands in the metal cation
      coordination sphere.

PMID- 678533
TI  - Glutathione-facilitated refolding of reduced, denatured bovine seminal
      ribonuclease: kinetics and characterization of products.
AB  - Totally reduced and denatured seminal ribonuclease was regenerated using the
      glutathione redox system. The refolding kinetics of the enzyme were determined as
      a function of redox state, temperature from 14 to 43 degrees C, pH, and protein
      concentration. The maximal rate of regeneration occurred with 3 x 10(-3) M
      reduced glutathione, 6 x 10(-4) M oxidized glutathione, 24 to 30 degrees C, and
      pH 8.2. The products of the refolding process were characterized by Sephadex G
      75, sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis, enzymatic activity, circular
      dichroism, and amino acid analysis. The results indicate that the native dimeric
      form of the enzyme is not produced during refolding to any appreciable extent;
      rather, the major product is monomeric. The purified monomer exhibits twice the
      activity of the native enzyme toward yeast RNA. Its circular dichroism spectrum
      is different from the native enzyme and is quite similar to that of pancreatic
      ribonuclease A. Amino acid analyses showed that two glutathione molecules are
      bound to the monomer, suggesting that cysteine-31 and -32, which normally form
      the intermolecular disulfide bonds, are blocked.

PMID- 678534
TI  - Identification of the catalytic site of rat liver glutathione peroxidase as
      selenocysteine.
AB  - A procedure was developed to isolate 75Se-labeled rat liver glutathione
      peroxidase (glutathione:H2O2 oxidoreductase, EC 1.11.1.9) at 30--50% purity with
      20--30% yields in 4--5 days. Using these preparations of glutathione peroxidase,
      the selenium moiety in the enzyme was identified as selenocysteine by
      derivatizing the seleno group with either iodoacetate or ethylenimine in the
      intact protein, hydrolyzing the protein with 6 N HCl, and cochromatographing the
      75Se-labeled products with known standards. Techniques employed were anion
      exchange chromatography, cation-exchange chromatography, gel-permeation
      chromatography, two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography, and automated amino
      acid analysis. The selenocysteine moiety was identified as the catalytic site in
      glutathione peroxidase by specifically labeling the enzyme with [14C]iodoacetate
      on the 75Se-labeled selenium atom and fractionating the 14C, 75Se-labeled
      derivative after acid hydrolysis. It was concluded that the reduced form of
      glutathione peroxidase contains the selenocysteine selenol (-SeH) at the
      catalytic site.

PMID- 678535
TI  - Activation of bovine factor X (Stuart factor)--analogy with pancreatic zymogen
      enzyme systems.
AB  - The activation of bovine coagulation factor X has been studied by kinetic and
      spectrophotometric measurements. The pH dependence of the hydrolysis of specific
      ester substrates by activated factor Xa can be ascribed to two independently
      ionizing groups with pKa values of 6.9 and 8.8, respectively. The rates of
      reaction of factor X, before and after activation, with the active-site titrant
      methanesulfonyl fluoride, suggest that the reactivity of the active-site serine
      residue in factor X is similar to that in trypsinogen and in factor Xa similar to
      that in trypsin. Analogous comparisons using diisopropyl phosphofluoridate as the
      titrant suggest that a hydrophobic binding site is absent in both the enzyme and
      zymogen. This conclusion is consistent with the lack of change in circular
      dichroism when acyl derivatives of factor V are converted to their acyl enzyme
      counterparts.

PMID- 678536
TI  - Cryoenzymology of papain: reaction mechanism with an ester substrate.

PMID- 678537
TI  - N-(2-Naphthyl)-23,24-dinor-5-cholen-22-amin-3beta-ol, a fluorescent cholesterol
      analogue.

PMID- 678538
TI  - Purification and characterization of dimethylallyl pyrophosphate: aspulvinone
      dimethylallyltransferase from Aspergillus terreus.
AB  - Dimethylallyl pyrophosphate:aspulvinone dimethylallyltransferase, the prenylation
      enzyme for the biosynthesis of aspulvinone pigments, has been purified from
      mycelia of Aspergillus terreus. The transferase catalyzed the transfer of the
      dimethylallyl moiety from dimethylallyl pyrophosphate to either of the two
      aromatic rings of aspulvinone E to give the mono- and diprenylated derivatives
      which were identified with the metabolites aspulvinone I and aspulvinone H,
      respectively. Aspulvinone G, another fundamental metabolite of this series, also
      acted as substrate to afford the corresponding diprenylated derivative, which is
      assumed to be a precursor for aspulvinone C, D, and F. The molecular weight of
      the enzyme was estimated to be 240 000--270 000 by gel filtration. Since the
      subunit molecular weight determined by NaDodSO4-polyacrylamide disc gel
      electrophoresis was 45 000, the native enzyme appears to be a hexomeric protein
      composed of identical molecular weight subunits. The apparent Km values for
      aspulvinone E, aspulvinone G, and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate were 13.7, 7.7, and
      40.0 micron, respectively. The enzyme shows the maximum activity at pH 7.0, and
      no metal ion is necessary for the activation. Sulfhydryl blocking agents or
      mercaptoethanol has no effect. Bromophenol blue binds specifically to the
      transferase and strongly inhibits the enzyme activity.

PMID- 678539
TI  - Properties and the locations of a set of fluorescent probes sensitive to the
      fluidity gradient of the lipid bilayer.
AB  - The synthesis and properties of a set of four fluorescent probes (n-(9
      anthroyloxy) fatty acids, n = 2, 6, 9, 12) sensitive to the fluidity gradient of
      the lipid bilayer are described. Fluorescent quenching experiments show that the
      probes locate at a graded series of depths in the bilayer. A fifth probe, methyl
      9-anthroate, locates near the bilayer centre. As an example of their application,
      the probes are used to study the phase transitions of dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl
      choline. Changes in the rotational relaxation times of the probes across the
      transitions are more pronounced at the centre of the bilayer than at the surface.

PMID- 678540
TI  - Photodynamic effects of protoporphyrin on human erythrocytes. Nature of the cross
      linking of membrane proteins.
AB  - Protoporphyrin-sensitized photooxidation in human red blood cell membranes leads
      to severe deterioration of membrane structure and function. The membrane damage
      is caused by direct oxidation of amino acid residues, with subsequent cross
      linking of membrane proteins. The chemical nature of these cross-links was
      studied in model systems, isolated spectrin and red cell ghosts. Cysteine and
      methionine are not involved in the cross-linking reaction. Further it could be
      shown that dityrosine formation, the crucial mechanism in oxidative cross-linking
      of proteins by peroxidase-H2O2 treatment, plays no role in photodynamic cross
      linking. Experimental evidence indicated that a secondary reaction between free
      amino groups and a photooxidation product of histidine, tyrosine or tryptophan is
      involved in photodynamic cross-linking. This was deduced from the reaction
      observed between compounds containing a free amino group and photooxidation
      products of these amino acids, both in model systems, isolated spectrin and
      erythrocyte ghosts. In accordance, succinylation of free amino groups of membrane
      proteins or addition of compounds with free amino groups protected against cross
      linking. Quantitative data and consideration of the reaction mechanisms of
      photodynamic oxidation of amino acids make it highly probable that an oxidation
      product of histidine rather than of tyrosine or tryptophan is involved in the
      cross-linking reaction, via a nucleophilic addition by free amino groups.

PMID- 678541
TI  - Functional mosaicism of the lymphocyte plasma membrane. Characterization of
      membrane subfractions obtained by affinity chromatography on concanavalin A
      sepharose.

PMID- 678542
TI  - Purification and characterization of chick intestine brush border membrane.
      Effects of 1alpha(OH) vitamin D3 treatment.
AB  - A new technique has been developed for the isolation of membrane vesicles from
      the vitamin D-deficient and vitamin D-treated chick intestinal brush border
      membrane. The technique involves removal of nuclei from a low speed pellet by
      discontinuous sucrose gradient centrifugation. The resulting intact brush borders
      are then homogenized in 0.5 M Tris and the membrane fragments purified on a
      glycerol gradient. This preparation represents a 20-fold purification of the
      brush border marker sucrase. After 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 treatment there is a
      significant increase in membrane phospholipid phosphorous, an alteration in the
      fatty acid composition of the phosphatidylcholine fraction of membrane
      phospholipid, and a decrease in sucrase specific activity.

PMID- 678543
TI  - Topographic studies of glycoproteins of intact synaptosomes from rat brain
      cortex.
AB  - Glycoproteins in the external surface of intact synaptosomes from rat brain
      cortex have been studied by oxidation of exposed galactose and galactosamine
      groups by galactose oxidase followed by reduction with labeled sodium
      borohydride. Purified synaptosomes were labeled, disrupted by osmotic shock, and
      the particulate components were fractionated on diatrizoate to give four
      synaptosomal membrane fractions (A to D) and a mitochondrial pellet (E).
      Fractions A and B represent highly purified synaptosomal plasma membranes. After
      separation of their polypeptides by electrophoresis, 4/5 of the label was present
      in two bands: one about 72 000 and the other between 7800 and 3200 daltons. Seven
      other bands were labeled to various degrees: 160 000, 96 000, 53 000, 39 000, 34
      000, 23 000 and 16 000 daltons. With isolated membranes (which incorporate 5--6
      times more label) 4/5 of label was present in polypeptides in three ranges: 160
      000--96 000, 70 000--40 000 and 7800--3200. The number of polypeptides that can
      be labeled by treatment of isolated membranes is very large. In comparison,
      glycoproteins whose topographical distribution permits interaction with large
      molecules at the synpatic surface are very limited. It is further suggested that
      the external synaptosome membrane involves a relatively tight network of
      interacting molecules that cannot be readily penetrated by large molecules.

PMID- 678544
TI  - Cytochalasin B inhibition and temperature dependence of 3-O-methylglucose
      transport in fat cells.
AB  - The transport of 3-O-methylglucose in white fat cells was measured under
      equilibrium exchange conditions at 3-O-methylglucose concentrations up to 50 mM
      with a previously described method (Vinten, J., Gliemann, J. and Osterlind, K.
      (1976) J. Biol. Chem. 251, 794--800). Under these conditions the main part of the
      transport was inhibitable by cytochalasin B. The inhibition was found to be of
      competitive type with an inhibition constant of about 2.5 . 10(-7) M, both in the
      absence and in the presence of insulin (1 micrometer). The cytochalasin B
      insensitive part of the 3-O-methylglucose permeability was about 2 . 10(-9) cm .
      s-1, and was not affected by insulin. As calculated from the maximum transport
      capacity, the half saturation constant and the volume/surface ratio, the maximum
      permeability of the fat cell membrane to 3-O-methylglucose at 37 degrees C and in
      the presence of insulin was 4.3 . 10(-6) cm . s-1. From the temperature
      dependence of the maximum transport capacity in the interval 18--37 degrees C and
      in the presence of insulin, an Arrhenius activation energy of 14.8 +/- 0.44
      kcal/mol was found. The corresponding value was 13.9 +/- 0.89 in the absence of
      insulin. The half saturating concentration of 3-O-methylglucose was about 6 mM in
      the temperature interval used, and it was not affected by insulin, although this
      hormone increased the maximum transport capacity about ten-fold to 1.7 mmol . s-1
      per 1 intracellular water at 37 degrees C.

PMID- 678545
TI  - On the development of glycine transport systems by rat renal cortex.
AB  - The initial uptake of glycine by renal cortical slices from newborn Sprague
      Dawley and Long-Evans rats is the same as that observed in adult tissues. Both
      newborn and adult tissue possess similar high and low affinity glycine transport
      systems which require an examination of velocity measurements over a wide range
      of concentration (0.02--50.0 mM) for their discernment. Initial rates of glycine
      uptake by isolated renal tubule fragments from newborn and adults are similar at
      a physiological substrate concentration but at high glycine levels there appears
      to be a decrease in velocity of uptake (V) associated with the high Km system in
      the young. Whatever preparation of renal cortex is studied, there is a consistent
      finding that immature tissue is able to accumulate much higher intracellular
      levels of glycine than the adult, a finding consistent with slower efflux from
      the cell. An interpretation of the etiology of physiologic aminoaciduria in young
      animals should take this into account.

PMID- 678546
TI  - Binding of lithium diiodosalicylate to glycophorin.
AB  - Glycophorin was purified from human erythrocyte ghosts by the lithium
      diiodosalicylate -phenol procedure utilizing 125I-labeled lithium
      diiodosalicylate. The glycophorin preparation was found to contain 8.9 +/- 2.1
      mol lithium diiodosalicylate per mol glycophorin. This bound lithium
      diiodosalicylate cannot be removed by extensive washings with a variety of polar
      organic solvents nor by treatment with the detergent, sodium deoxycholate.
      Further, the hydrophobic peptide produced from glycophorin by trypsin digestion
      contained 3.4 mol lithium diiodosalicylate per mol peptide.

PMID- 678547
TI  - Quantitative analysis of the amino-terminal residues of spectrin by use of the
      transamination reaction.
AB  - The metal ion-catalysed transamination reaction has been examined as a means of
      quantitative amino-terminal analysis of proteins. Application of this method to
      the erythrocyte membrane protein, spectrin, showed that this protein contained a
      single amino-terminal residue per 240,000 daltons. This value supports the
      hypothesis that spectrin is comprised of two polypeptide chains of approx.
      220,000 and 250,000 daltons, respectively.

PMID- 678548
TI  - beta sheet formation by L-methionine oligopeptides.
AB  - Monodispersed N- and C-protected linear homo-oligomethionines (n = 2- -7) are
      studied by measurements of circular dichroism in the vacuum ultraviolet region.
      In the solid state higher members of the series take up a beta-conformation in
      which both parallel and antiparallel chain arrangements are present. The strong
      beta-forming tendency of the methionine residue is demonstrated.

PMID- 678550
TI  - Small angle x-ray scattering studies on adenovirus type 2 hexon.
AB  - Adenovirus type 2 hexons have been studied in solution by small angle X-ray
      scattering, and the following molecular parameters determined: radius of gyration
      (Rg) = 4.9 nm, molecular weight (M) = 310.000, invariant volume (Vinv) = 630 mn3,
      maximal distance (Dmax) = 14.5--15.5 nm. A diffraction pattern was obtained up to
      an angular increment of h = 2.5 nm-1. Various models for the hexon have been
      explored by calculating the diffraction pattern from the Debye formula for 1200
      spheres arranged to define the scattering volume of each model. Models were first
      built according to electron micrographic results. Later, preliminary results of a
      crystallographic study were used for model building. The experimental pattern and
      the pattern resulting from the model determined by crystallographic methods were
      compared and showed good agreement.

PMID- 678549
TI  - Tertiary structure variability within the quaternary states of hemoglobin: a spin
      label study.
AB  - Using variable temperature techniques, the spin label spectral resolution of
      hemoglobin labeled at the beta93 cysteines with N-(1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4
      piperidinyl)iodonacetamide has been greatly enhanced. The effects of different
      ligands, inositol hexaphosphate, pH and salt concentration upon spin labeled
      ferrous and ferric hemoglobin indicate that the beta chain tertiary structure
      exhibits considerable variability within the oxy and deoxy quaternary structures.
      From these studies ligand and spin state changes both appear to be of
      significance in producing structural changes; binding of inositol hexaphosphate
      then produces further structural changes secondary in amplitude.

PMID- 678551
TI  - X-ray diffraction effects related to superstructure in rat tail tendon collagen.
AB  - A number of unusual X-ray diffraction effects concerning the meridional low angle
      reflections of collagen are presented which are due to structural inhomogeneities
      in the 100 micron range within the tendon such as are expected to be associated
      with the planar crimp structure of tendon units. These newly observed effects
      provide diffraction confirmation for such a crimped morphology. The effects
      consist of splitting of the reflections both azimuthally and radially. Azimuthal
      split varied with rotation of the tendon unit around its own axis and is directly
      related to the existence of the crimp, its angle and planarity. Radial splitting
      is a consequence of the limited sampling of the micro-structure by the
      collimator, which provides further support for the crimp morphology and conveys
      added information about the crimp form. It is shown that this limited sampling
      can provide a kind of "micro-X-ray topography" technique for the study of micro
      textures on the appropriate dimensional level, while ti could be the source of
      misrepresentation if its origin remains unrecognized. The effect of stretching is
      examined and interpreted in terms of crimp straightening. Simultaneous
      examination of medium angle equatorial reflections, when combined with some
      electron micrographs point to further issues concerning the relation between the
      large scale and fibril substructure. It is believed that the present findings
      have general implications for structure research on collagen.

PMID- 678552
TI  - Cleavage of a specific bond in troponin C by thrombin.
AB  - Limited proteolysis of rabbit skeletal troponin C with bovine thrombin yielded
      two fragments, TH1 (Mr = 11000) containing Ca2+ binding regions I--III and TH2
      (Mr = 6000) containing region IV. Determination of the partial sequences of the
      fragments established the site of cleavage at Arg120-Ala121. Secondary cleavage
      by thrombin at other arginyl or lysyl residues in troponin C was ruled out by the
      sequence data and by the amino acid compositions of the two fragments.

PMID- 678553
TI  - Studies on the binding of adenylyl-3', 5'-cytidine to ribonuclease.
AB  - The interaction of adenylyl-3',5'-cytidine (ApC) with ribonuclease-A (RNAase-A)
      was studied by steady-state kinetics and ultraviolet difference spectroscopy. X
      ray difference Fourier synthesis at 4 A resolution was also used to study the
      binding of ApC to RNAase-S. Unlike well-studied compounds like uridylyl-3',5'
      adenosine, ApC binds in an unique way: (1) the cytidine moiety is bound to the B1
      and R1 sites, (2) the adenosine moiety protrudes to the solution and is not fixed
      spatially and (3) the phosphate group is bound to the non-specific site (the "Po
      site") previously postulated (Sawada, F. and Irie, M. (1969) J. Biochem. (Tokyo)
      66, 415--418) as the binding site for the 5'-phosphate of uridine 2',5'
      diphosphate or uridine 3',5'-diphosphate. This conclusion is consistent with that
      derived for adenylyl-3',5' -4-thiouridine based on CD difference spectroscopy
      (White, M.D., Keren-Zur, M. and Lapidot, Y. (1977) Nucleic Acid Res. 4, 843-
      851). The "Po site" is most likely the epsilon-amino group of Lys 66.

PMID- 678554
TI  - Human serum histidine-rich glycoprotein. I. Interactions with heme, metal ions
      and organic ligands.
AB  - The 3.8 S alpha2-histidine-rich glycoprotein of human serum is composed of two
      non-identical subunits, each of which contains carbohydrate. The far ultraviolet
      circular dichroism spectrum of alpha2-histidine glycoprotein indicates that the
      protein has little alpha-helix but apparently appreciable amounts of beta-sheet
      and non-regular structures. alpha2-Histidine-rich glycoprotein binds heme with
      concomitant changes in the electrophoretic mobility of the protein, in the
      fluorescence of tryptophan residues, and in the absorption and optical activity
      of the heme chromophore. By fluorescence quenching, the stoichiometry of binding
      is 1 heme per alpha2-histidine-rich glycoprotein molecule with an apparent Kd
      near 1.5 muM; however, by changes in absorbance, the interaction of 9 to 10
      additional heme molecules with the alpha protein can be detected. The absorption
      spectra of heme . alpha2-histidine-rich glycoprotein complexes resemble those of
      low-spin hemoproteins. The ellipticity induced in the heme chromophore on binding
      by alpha2-histidine-rich glycoprotein increases linearly up to about 10 hemes
      bound per mol protein. No change in the conformation of alpha2-histidine-rich
      glycoprotein was indicated by circular dichroism when one or two heme molecules
      are bound by the protein. alpha2-Histidine-rich glycoprotein does not effectively
      compete with human serum albumin for heme, suggesting that alpha2-histidine-rich
      glycoprotein has no major function in serum heme transport. Nonetheless, the
      binding of heme by alpha2-histidine-rich glycoprotein provides a means of
      studying the structure of this protein using the heme chromophore as a probe.
      alpha2-Histidine-rich glycoprotein also binds other organic molecules including
      bilirubin, diaquocobinamide, Cibacron blue F3GA and rose bengal, and certain
      divalent metals. It is of interest that copper, zinc, nickel, cadmium and cobalt
      effectively inhibit the binding of heme by alpha2-histidine-rich glycoprotein,
      whereas other divalent metals tested, including calcium, magnesium and manganese
      do not appreciably affect the heme-alpha2-histidine-rich glycoprotein
      interaction.

PMID- 678555
TI  - The enthalpy titration of troponin C with calcium.
AB  - Microcalorimetric titrations have been used to study the binding of Ca2+ to
      troponin C, the Ca-binding component of troponin. Troponin C was extracted from
      rabbit skeletal muscle and Ca2+ was added to Ca-free troponin C in the presence
      of 1 mM Mg2+ at pH 8.83 at 10 degrees C. In these conditions proton exchanges of
      troponin C on Ca-binding are negligible. In case of troponin C there is neither
      aggregation nor dissociation when Ca2+ is added, a phenomenon controlled by bound
      Ca, which caused some difficulty in the analysis of results for troponin. Using
      an iterative curve fitting procedure the following parameters of two classes of
      Ca-binding sites have been determined from the calorimetric results: number of
      binding sites in 1st class, 1.81; in 2nd class, 0.69; log of binding constant in
      1st class, 7; in 2nd class, 5.0; standard enthalpy change for 1st class, -10.00
      kJ . mol-1; that in 2nd class, -25.64. The standard free energy and entropy
      changes have been calculated from these values. The results indicate that the
      standard entropy change for Ca2+-troponin C interaction is positive and
      strikingly resembles the values for the interaction of organic sequestering
      agents such as glycol-EDTA with Ca2+.

PMID- 678556
TI  - The presence of type III collagen in the developing tooth.
AB  - Type I and type III collagens have been isolated from dental papilla and dental
      pulp of bovine tissues by enzymic digestion with pepsin and differential salt
      precipitation. Type III collagen was further purified by molecular sieve and ion
      exchange chromatography. The relative proportions of type III and type I
      collagens were estimated by two different techniques, gel electrophoresis in the
      presence of mercaptoethanol, and direct estimation of the alpha1(III)CB3 peptide.
      Both techniques gave similar values. Type III collagen constituted 24% of papilla
      and 28% of pulp collagen by the first procedure, and 20% and 31% by the second.
      18% of dental follicle collagen was type III.

PMID- 678557
TI  - Interaction of ovalbumin and its asparaginyl-carbohydrate fractions with
      concanavalin A.
AB  - The interaction of ovalbumin and its asparaginyl-carbohydrate fractions with
      concanavalin A was studied. Relative affinities were obtained by competitive
      binding studies using p-nitrophenyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside. Ovalbumin was
      separated into two fractions, I and II, by chromatography on concanavalin A
      Sepharose. Ovalbumin and its fractions I and II interacted with concanavalin A in
      solution with binding affinities at 10 degrees C of 2 . 10(5) M-1, 3 . 10(4) M-1
      and 2 . 10(6) M-1, respectively. The seven asparaginyl-carbohydrate fractions,
      obtained by fractionation on Dowex 50W-X2 (H+) and Durrum DA-4 (borate)columns,
      bound to concanavalin A with approximately the same affinity as native ovalbumin,
      suggesting that the sugar residues for binding in the isolated carbohydrates are
      exposed in the native protein. The binding of ovalbumin to concanavalin A was
      minimal after treatment with alpha-D-mannosidase in spite of the fact that only
      one half of the available mannose residues were hydrolyzed when compared to those
      removed by similar treatment of the asparaginyl-carbohydrate before
      fractionation. It is concluded that those alpha-D-mannosyl residues in ovalbumin
      that are required for binding to concanavalin A are accessible to alpha-D
      mannosidase while the residual mannosyl groups are "buried" from interaction with
      concanavalin A and the enzyme.

PMID- 678558
TI  - Purification and some properties of a lethal toxic fragment of staphylococcal
      alpha-toxin by tryptic digestion.
AB  - Purified staphylococcal alpha-toxin (molecular weight approximately 36,000) was
      mildly digested with trypsin, yielding two components by sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A fast-moving component (molecular weight
      17,000 +/- 5%) which is relatively resistant to tryptic digestion and a slow
      moving component (molecular weight 20,000 +/- 5%) which tends to aggregate. The
      fast-moving component was highly purified by means of combined procedures of
      column chromatography on Sephadex G-200 with zone electrophoresis on starch. The
      purified fast-moving component retained a high degree of lethal toxicity for
      mouse but lacked hemolytic and dermonecrotic activities, whereas the slow-moving
      component proved to be a nontoxic polypeptide. The lethal toxic fragment was
      antigenically active showing partial immunological identity with the parent alpha
      toxin and stimulated the formation of antibodies capable of neutralizing the
      lethal action of alpha-toxin in vivo. Some physical properties and the amino acid
      composition of the purified lethal toxic fragment have been compared with those
      of native alpha-toxin.

PMID- 678559
TI  - Crystallography and oriented single crystal electron microscopy of hemoglobin
      deer II, a hemoglobin that exhibits matchstick-shaped erythrocytes.
AB  - Deer hemoglobin beta chain type II has been crystallized and preliminary
      diffraction data and oriented single crystal transmission electron micrographs
      have been obtained. The crystals are monoclinic P21 with Z = 4. The electron
      micrographs show a herringbonelike structure in the ab plane with open
      rectangular solvent channels and a fiber-like arrangement of molecules
      perpendicular to this plane.

PMID- 678560
TI  - [Nature of the electron excited state in pigment redox reactions. II. Analysis of
      the scheme of primary processes in the photooxidation reaction of chlorophylls a
      and b and pheophytin a ].
AB  - A scheme of primary reactions in photooxidation of pigments was considered
      assuming that electron transfer processes can occur via singlet excited as well
      as triplet states. The results of analysis are compared with the experimental
      data on relative yield values of chlorophylls a, b, and pheophytin a cation
      radicals, as well as with the data on fluorescence quenching. A conclusion has
      been drawn that photooxidation of pigments proceeds exclusively via the triplet
      state. The dependence of rate constant quenching values of chlorophyll a triplet
      state by certain electron acceptors on values of half cell potentials was given.

PMID- 678561
TI  - [Impulse photoconductance of solutions of chlorophyll and its analogs. IV.
      Absolute quantum yield of ion radical formation during photooxidation of
      chlorophyll a by n-benzoquinone].
AB  - The values of absolute quantum yield phi of the formation of free ion-radicals
      during the illumination of alkohol solutions of chlorophyll alpha (Chl) and rho
      benzoquinone (Q) at room temperature were obtained by the method of impulse
      photoconductance. With an increase of the dielectric constant epsilon of the
      solvent from approximately 6 to approximately 25 phi increases by two orders (
      approximately 10(-3)--approximately 10(-1). That obtained relationship phi
      (epsilon) is explained by epsilon effect on the efficiency of dissociation of
      "solvent-shared" ion-radical pair Chls+. Os-. The comparison of experimental data
      and theoretically expected ones allowed the estimation of some parameters to be
      obtained which characterize the ion-radical pair: interionic distance (10 A), the
      dissociation velocity constant ( approximately 10(5)--10(8) s-1), the velocity
      constant of reverse electron transfer (10(8) s-1), the life time approximately
      10(-8) s).

PMID- 678562
TI  - [Intensification of the x-ray chemiluminescence of serum albumin solutions by the
      addition of dyes].
AB  - Effect of dyes of different classes on characteristics of X-chemoluminescence of
      human serum albumin solutions is studied. Intensification of lumininescence by
      the addition of uranin, eosin, tetrachlorfluorescein and erythrozan was found.
      The process of luminescence intensification with the addition of uranine was
      thoroughly studied (kinetic regularities, spectra, concentration relationships).
      It has been shown that kinetic regularities specify mainily the rapid component
      of X-chemoluminescence, that the initiation of chemoluminescence is related to
      the reactions of protein groups with hydroxyl radicals, that the intensification
      of luminescence proceeds in the protein-dye complex, that light emission of
      activated chemoluminescence took place from the singlet levels of the bound dye.

PMID- 678563
TI  - [Distribution of atomic density in protein globules].
AB  - The distribution of atomic density in the elastase and subtilysin globulas was
      modeled on the basis of their x-ray atomic coordinates and was consequently
      investigated through comparison with the normal Poisson distribution, using the
      chi2-test. The results from the above procedure are discussed in connection with
      the concept of kinetic constraints on the globula folding process as well as with
      the enzyme-machine hypothesis. It is shown that the minimum average dimensions of
      atomic irregularities in the protein globula are about 200 A3.

PMID- 678564
TI  - [Microcalorimetric study of thermodynamic values of aqueous phase transition and
      eutectic melting in the binary and ternary systems Na-DNA--H20 and Na-DNA--H20-
      NaCl].
AB  - Thermodynamic parameters of water phase transition and eutectics melting in DNA
      water-salt solution were studied by means of low temperature scanning
      differential microcalorimetry at different concentrations of polyanions. DNA
      hydration was measured and the character of changes in Na+ counterion binding was
      revealed during the transition of double helix into the state of random coils.

PMID- 678565
TI  - [Role of nonspecific complex formation in protein-nucleic acid recognition].
AB  - Combinatory mathematical model of equilibrium binding of recognising proteins to
      DNA has been considered. The expression for the ratio of specific and unspecific
      complex as the function of a number of nucleotides in DNA, a number of centers of
      recognition, concentration of recognising molecules and a code number have been
      obtained. The analysis of obtained expression for the repressor--operator system
      showed that binary code would preferable than quartic one. The specificity of
      binding corresponding to experimental results have been observed by the number of
      centers more than twenty, in the narrow interval of the energy value and by high
      limitation on the number of combinations of error centers.

PMID- 678566
TI  - [Theoretical study of the effect of several reverse reaction on the kinetics of
      the primary processes of photosynthesis].
AB  - A theoretical model of energy migration and electron transport in photosynthesis
      of higher plants was considered. The set of different equations describing these
      processes takes into consideration the states of 4 components of electron
      transport chain and back reactions of electron transfer from the reduced
      acceptors to the oxidized reaction centres. The numerical integration of these
      equations was made for various kinetics parameters characterizing the electron
      transport chain.

PMID- 678567
TI  - [Luminescence spectra of europium complexes forming on the surface of vesicular
      phospholipid membranes].

PMID- 678568
TI  - [Water molecule mobility in the surface layer of a membrane recorded with the
      fluorescent probe 4-dimethylaminochalcone].
AB  - A scheme of the location of a fluorescent probe 4-dimethylaminochalcone (DCM) in
      a phospholipid membrane has been proposed. According to the scheme the DMC
      dimethylamino group is located near phosphate groups and the oxygen atom--in the
      carbonyl groups region of phosphatidylcholine molecules. It is shown that DMC
      fluorescence is dynamically quenched by water molecules in the membrane.
      Therefore the quantum yield and, partly the position of DMC fluorescence maximum
      are determined by the water concentration near the probe, by the ability of water
      molecules to penetrate into the membrane as far as the carbonyl groups of fatty
      acid residues and by the water mobility in the membrane layer.

PMID- 678569
TI  - [Electrophoretic mobility of bimolecular lipid membranes].
AB  - The floating membrane vesicle is fixed by the counter solution flow in different
      points along the radius of a cylinder electrophoretic chamber, which permits to
      measure the vesicle electrophoretic mobility (EM). Close state condition of the
      chamber is provided for by the capillary system successively connected with the
      chamber. Relationship between EM of bimolecular lipid membranes (BLM) and pH and
      ionic concentration of aqueous solution qualitatively coincides with similar
      relationship for liposomes. The EM value of BLM essentially decreases in solution
      containing polyene antibiotics nystatine and levorin when derivative of
      cholesterol having 3betaOH-groups is present in the membrane.

PMID- 678570
TI  - [Concentration of black spots and the effect of detergents on black lipid
      membranes].
AB  - Effect of water-soluble detergents, such as triton X-100, saponin and trimethyl
      octadecylammonium bromide on the concentration of black spots, tension and
      stability of black lipid membranes was studied. Changes in mechanic stability of
      the lipid bilayer are discovered, which are in a good correlation with the litic
      effect of true detergents on cell membranes.

PMID- 678571
TI  - [Structural transformation of human erythrocyte membranes initiated by group
      specific antibodies].
AB  - Some changes have been found in the rates of the desintegration by sodium
      dodecylsulfate of human erythrocite membranes (EM) after incubation with specific
      group antibodies (GA) from incompatible blood. GA have no effect on the
      disintegration rates of EM by sodium desoxycholate and Triton X-100. The data are
      considered as the evidence of the structural transition in EM induced by GA and
      resulting in modification of integrative coupling forces primarily in the protein
      components of the membrane. The stopflow technique has been used to investigate
      the dependence of the desintegration rates in the quick phase (10 to 100 ms) upon
      the GA concentrations in the incubation medium and upon the incubation time. The
      obtained curves are distinctly S-shaped that is peculiar of cooperative
      processes.

PMID- 678572
TI  - [Dipole cooperative model of ion channels of excitable biomembranes. Conductance
      of ion channels].
AB  - An analysis of ionic channel conductance is presented in terms of dipole
      cooperative model. The dependence of conductance on displaced charge is found to
      be an S-shaped function. Basing on this function and kinetics of gating currents,
      the kinetic curves for the conductance are calculated. These curves are compared
      with Hodgkin--Huxley results on sodium channel. A good agreement may be observed
      for the case of positive jumps of the potential. Less accurate coincidence takes
      place for negative jumps of the potential.

PMID- 678573
TI  - [Determination of the relative refractive index, dimensions and concentration of
      erythrocytes by spectral turbidity].

PMID- 678574
TI  - [Propagation of impulses through the continuous heterogeneity of an excitable
      medium].
AB  - A simple method of analysing dynamic processes during pulse propagation is
      described. A change in duration of pulses and interpulse intervals in the course
      of propagation is taken into consideration. It is shown that due to inhomogeneity
      the excitation fronts are grouped into peculiar "cluster" moving at a low rate.
      It is also indicated that after passing the "cluster", the influence of
      inhomogeneity upon the form of the propagating consequence of pulses is
      essentially weakened.

PMID- 678575
TI  - [Mathematical model of neuronal adaptation taking into account the effect of
      calcium on membrane permeability to potassium ions].
AB  - A model of the adaptive neurone was suggested to base on the effect of increasing
      the potassium permeability during the increasing the intracellular calcium
      concentration. Calcium accumulation occurs due to entrance of calcium ions into
      the cell in the course of the potential action development. Extent of influence
      of the intracellular calcium on the potassium permeability and velocity of moving
      the calcium off the cell was obtained from Meech's results. Frankenhauzer--Huxley
      equation was used for computation of membrane excitation, however, in our case
      the subthreshold potassium inactivation was reduced. Thus, the adaptation
      phenomenon was simulated in the following succession: 1) calcium accumulation in
      the cell, 2) increasing the potassium permeability, 3) increasing the after
      hyperpolarization and 4) increasing the interspike intervals.

PMID- 678576
TI  - [Modeling the effect of rhythm on the strength of myocardial contraction].
AB  - A linear three-pool model of rhythm-inotropic phenomena in the cardiac muscle is
      proposed. Dynamics of accumulation and liberation of calcium from intracellular
      pools is described by differential equations. It has been shown by numerical
      experiments that rhythm-inotropic phenomena in the normal cardiac muscle and
      under cardiac insufficiency can be described qualitatively in terms of the
      concept on calcium recirculation in intracellular pools.

PMID- 678577
TI  - [Conditions for the development of auto-oscillations in the hematopoietic
      system].
AB  - Oscillations occur when the time of delay in the feed-back chain is increased or
      when the control system of hemopoiesis is "roughened". The analysis of clinical
      and experimental material indicates that initiation of oscillations seems not to
      be connected with cell interaction in the bone marrow; it is determined by the
      feed-back chain from the periphery to the hemopoietic organs. As the same time
      the role of intercellular interactions is essential for the transfer of
      autooscillations, initiated in some branches of hemopoiesis, to its other shoots.
      Oscillations in hemopoiesis with a period of three weeks or more recorded
      sometimes in humans are evidently initiated in the myeloid shoots, while the
      oscillations with the period of one and a half--two years--in the erythroid one.

PMID- 678578
TI  - [Stochastic parameters of spike activity in the gastroduodenal zone].

PMID- 678579
TI  - [Model of local spectral description of images in the visual system].
AB  - On the basis of experimental evidence presented earlier a model of local spectral
      analysis of the image performed by the complex receptive fields of the visual
      cortex has been proposed. An essential feature of the model is that the
      generalized piece-wise Fourier transform is performed not over the image
      luminance function but over the logarithm contrast function resulted from
      analysis of the image by the round receptive fields of the preceding levels. Such
      an assumption removes a number of experimental objections offered against the
      hypothesis of two-dimensional Fourier transform in the visual system. The
      consequencies from the piece-wise expansion in a series of basic functions have
      been considered and among them: the channel frequency characteristics which can
      have more than one maximum; the possibility of describing the image by a limited
      number of channels with overlapping frequency characteristics.

PMID- 678580
TI  - [Assessment of the anisotropic stiffness component of the basilar membrane].
AB  - The average through the section components Dy and Dx of the basilar membrane
      anisotropic stiffness are evaluated from Bekesy's hydrostatic and hair probe
      experiments. A contradiction is found between the values and the behaviour of Dy
      component, calculated from the hydrostatic experiment and from the hair probe.
      The solution of the strongly bent plate equation for the average through the
      section transversal component of the basilar membrane anisotropic stiffness is
      obtained by the asymptotic method. A significant divergence between effective and
      bending stiffness can exist if the thickness of the human basilar membrane is
      about twice of that of the guinea pig.

PMID- 678581
TI  - [Determination of the direction and degree of an animal's tendency to migrate
      based on a theoretico-probabilistic analysis of its movements in a maza].
AB  - Using Markov chains a mathematical model of animal displacement in the final
      labyrinth is obtained. Direction and value of animal tendency towards migration
      from a given location point are reflected in the complex of absolute frequencies
      of the system appearing in its states. When estimating the tendency towards
      migration in the applied labyrith the whole complex of frequencies can be
      featured by its component, e. g. by the frequencies of animal appearance in the
      extreme labyrinth passages.

PMID- 678582
TI  - [Protonophoric and uncoupling activity of water-soluble pea flavonols].
AB  - In the experiments with artificial lipid membranes and mitochondria the
      watersoluble pea flavonols are demonstrated to possess weak protonophoric and
      uncoupling activities which correlate with each other. It is concluded that the
      mechanism of flavonol uncoupling activity is the same as for classical
      uncouplers. The results support the earlier suggestion that one of the flavonol
      functions in the plants may be the regulation of the energetics and metabolism.

PMID- 678583
TI  - [Study of hydration and intramolecular fusion of collagen by the NMR and
      calorimetric methods].

PMID- 678584
TI  - [Longitudinal light scattering effect].

PMID- 678585
TI  - [Effect of prolonged preliminary membrane depolarization on the amplitude of the
      incurrent calcium flow in frog atrial trabeculae].

PMID- 678586
TI  - [Ferricyanide ion binding sites on the surface of lecithin liposomes].
AB  - Interaction of ferricyanide ions with sonicated lecithin liposomes has been
      studied by (1)H-NMR. Ferricyanide induced shifts have been shown to change along
      the choline chain of the lecithin head group. The magnitude of the shift
      decreases as the distance from the positive end of zwitterionic moiety increases.
      It is concluded that ferricyanide ions bind to the positive charged ammonium
      groups of the phospholipid.

PMID- 678587
TI  - [Changes in the conductivity of alamethicin modified phospholipid membranes upon
      exposure to a high frequency electromagnetic field].

PMID- 678588
TI  - [Fast response and eye movements during a saccade].

PMID- 678589
TI  - Curve-crossing problem for Gaussian stochastic processes and its application to
      neural modelling.

PMID- 678590
TI  - A structure for associative information processing.

PMID- 678591
TI  - On perceptual analyzers underlying visual texture discrimination: Part II.

PMID- 678592
TI  - Criteria for evaluating multiunit spike separation techniques.

PMID- 678593
TI  - Flight torque and lift responses of the housefly (Musca domestica) to a single
      stripe moving in different parts of the visual field.

PMID- 678595
TI  - [Cyto- and karyometric evaluation of ovarian activity in rats during development
      and inhibition of implantation].

PMID- 678594
TI  - [Physiologic study of the lipolytic effect of somatotropic hormone].

PMID- 678596
TI  - The effects of maternal phlebotomy and orally-administered erythropoietin (Ep) on
      erythropoiesis in the suckling rat.
AB  - Erythropoiesis was stimulated in 2- to 5-day-old neonatal rats suckled by
      phlebotomized mothers. This was established by increases in: hemoglobin levels,
      mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and percentages of peripheral
      reticulocytes. The oral administration of cow milk containing 4 IU human
      erythropoietin (Ep) to 10-day-old normal neonates for 4 days induced a
      reticulocytosis. Significant amounts of Ep appeared in the plasma of 1-day-old
      rats nursed by mothers bled 3 days prior to delivery as compared to nondetectable
      levels in 1-day-old control rats of normal mothers. The data suggest that Ep is
      transmitted to neonatal rats via maternal milk, and escapes inactivation, at
      least to some extent, in the process of absorption from the gastrointestinal
      tract with consequent stimulation of erythropoiesis in these animals.

PMID- 678597
TI  - Effects of the teratogenic folic acid antagonist, 9-methyl pteroylglutamic acid
      on uronic acid levels in fetal rat limbs.
AB  - Experimental pregnant rats were placed on a transitory folic acid-deficient
      regimen, i.e. dietary restriction of folic acid plus the teratogen and folic acid
      antagonist, 9-methyl pteroylglutamic acid; a regimen resulting in multiple
      congenital skeletal malformations. Controls received a folic acid-supplemented
      regimen. Accumulation of a primary component of the extracellular matrix,
      glycosaminoglycans (GAG), was quantitatively evaluated by measuring uronic acid
      concentrations in fetal limbs. On days 16 and 18 of gestation, fetal limbs were
      removed, pooled from each litter, and prepared for uronic acid, protein, and DNA
      quantitation. The treatment results in (1) a decreased rate of protein and DNA
      accumulation prior to day 16 of gestation, the rate not being affected from day
      16 to day 18 of gestation; (2) a trend toward an increased rate of uronic acid
      accumulation prior to day 16 of gestation, and (3) a decreased rate of uronic
      acid accumulation from day 16 to day 18 of gestation. Furthermore, our
      observations confirm our earlier suggestion that there is a decreased rate of
      accumulation of some nonprotein component(s) in fetal limbs obtained from folic
      acid-deficient mothers from day 16 to day 18 of gestation.

PMID- 678598
TI  - Oxygen consumption of the fetal sheep in utero.
AB  - Oxygen consumption was measured in 8 chronically instrumented fetal sheep by a
      combination of recently introduced techniques. Umbilical blood flow was measured
      by an electromagnetic flow transducer placed around the common portion of the
      umbilical artery. Blood representative of that in the umbilical artery was
      obtained from the distal aorta. The common portion of the umbilical vein was
      catheterized by direct puncture of the vessel at the base of the umbilicus. An
      accurate micromethod was used to measure oxygen content of blood from the
      umbilical vessels, and oxygen consumption was calculated by application of the
      Fick principle. The mean fetal oxygen consumption was 7.9 +/- 1.8 ml O2/min/kg
      fetus.

PMID- 678599
TI  - Fetal pepsinogens in human amniotic fluid.
AB  - The presence of group I (Pg I) and group II (Pg II) pepsinogens was determined in
      59 samples of human amniotic fluid between 11 and 40 weeks of gestation. Pg I was
      present in all of the samples, while Pg II was present only in samples of
      gestational age 32 weeks or older. No differential pattern of the fractions was
      present, although the first fraction of Pg I was not present in any of the
      samples. The sequential appearance of Pg I and Pg II suggests their fetal origin
      and that the synthesis of Pg I by fetal gastric mucosa may precede that of Pg II,
      thus serving as a potential marker of fetal maturity.

PMID- 678600
TI  - Ultrastructure of the cells in the peripheral blood of human embryos at early
      gestational stages.
AB  - The presence of the different blood series in the peripheral blood of 10- to 18
      week-old human embryos was followed by electron microscopy. It has been
      demonstrated that the earlier the stage of embryonic development, the more
      immature cells are found in the peripheral blood. This phenomenon may suggest
      migration of blood cell progenitors from earlier to more definitive sites of
      embryonic erythropoiesis.

PMID- 678601
TI  - Postnatal development of rats born preterm and postterm. I. Body weight.
AB  - Litters with 3 preterm, 3 term and 3 postterm littermates have been fed by one
      mother each. Fetal body weight continues to increase in utero if the normal
      gestational period is extended by 1 day. But this intrauterine weight gain is
      smaller than the postnatal weight gains of term rats of the same conceptional
      ages. While the body weights of term and postterm rats increase rapidly
      immediately after birth, there is a lag phase of 3 days in preterm animals. This
      delay in weight gain is not caught up during a period of 30 postnatal days. This
      appears to be due to malnutrition in the early postnatal period. After the 20th
      day of life, the weight gain markedly increases in all groups, indicating the
      effect of supplemental feeding in the weaning period.

PMID- 678602
TI  - Particulate and free hexokinase in fetal rat liver.
AB  - The association of hexokinase with particulate fractions of liver has been
      studied during the development of the rat. In the fetal rat liver about 50% of
      the total hexokinase is bound to the mitochondria. This proportion decreases
      gradually after birth. No association of hexokinase with mitochondria could be
      demonstrated in the adult rat liver. It is suggested that the binding of
      hexokinase to the mitochondria is a consequence of a property which is lost
      during development of the mitochondrial membranes. At least part of the
      hexokinase is rather tightly bound to the mitochondria. Glucose-6-phosphate or
      ATP do not solubilize the enzyme. The proportion of hexokinase bound to the
      mitochondria is independent of the metabolic state of the hepatocyte as
      exemplified by studies with inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation, using the
      digitonin technique for the separation of particulate and cytosol fractions of
      isolated fetal rat hepatocytes.

PMID- 678603
TI  - Sequential intravenous glucose tolerance: responses of newborn and adult.
AB  - Acute sequential intravenous glucose tolerance tests were performed at an
      interval of 120 min in 12 normal fasting adults, 5 normal infants, and 6 infants
      of gestationally diabetic mothers. Glucose disposal (Kt) and plasma insulin
      elevations were remarkably similar in the paired adult studies. In contrast, the
      studies in all infants were highly variable although they had similar initial
      plasma insulin levels (less than 10 micronU/ml). The rates of glucose disposal in
      the infants (1.43 and 1.47%/min) were slightly slower than the adult rates
      (1.66%/min). The plasma insulin responses, in contrast, were higher and more
      sustained throughout the second half of the test in the infants as a group. There
      was remarkable heterogeneity in the responses of the infants which obscured any
      differences between the groups.

PMID- 678604
TI  - The effects of thyroid hormones on myelination in the developing rat brain.
AB  - Rats radiothyroidectomized 1 day after birth received daily subcutaneous
      injections of 1 microgram/10 g body weight of thyroxine (T4) or an equimolar
      amount of triiodothyroacetic acid (T3AC) from day 6 through day 25. The number of
      myelinated axons, myelinated axon area, and area of the myelin sheath in the
      corpus striatum were investigated. Hypothyroid neonates demonstrated a normal
      number of myelinated axons with a decrease in the area of these axons. T4
      treatment resulted in an increased number of smaller axons while T3AC treatment
      produced fewer but larger axons than the T4 treatment. The myelin area changed as
      the axon area changed with the myelin thickness remaining constant in all groups.

PMID- 678605
TI  - Society for the Study of Reproduction: eleventh annual meeting, August 8-10,
      1978.

PMID- 678606
TI  - Gas phase carboxylate anions fron p-nitrobenzyl esters of fatty acids.
AB  - Gas phase carboxylate anions have been efficiently generated from the p
      nitrobenzyl esters of nine fatty acids ranging in size from C6 to C22. The
      process involves the dissociative resonance capture of 2.9 e V electrons by the
      derivatives. The procedure is specific and gives the carboxylate anions as the
      base peak in all but two of the derivative. The technique gives extremely simple
      spectra, with little additional fragmentation and no rearrangement ions.

PMID- 678608
TI  - Mass spectral characterization of the glucuronide conjugates of terbutryn (2-(t
      butylamino)-4-(ethylamino)-6-(methylthio)-s-triazine) metabolites from rats and
      goat.
AB  - Five metabolities from terbutyrn (2-(t-butylamino)-4-(ethylamino)-6-(methylthio)
      s-triazine) were characterized to be glucuronide conjugates by interpretation of
      mass spectral data of their trimethylsilyl derivatives. These were isolated from
      rat and goat urine. Three of these glucuronides were characterized to be
      triazinyl-S-glucuronides and two were characterized to be alkyl-O-glucuronides.

PMID- 678607
TI  - Metabolism of [14C] terbutryn (2-(t-butylamino)-4-(ethylamino)-6-(methylthio-s
      triazine) by rats and goat.
AB  - Sixteen metabolites of terbutryn were isolated from the urine and feces of either
      rats or a goat given single oral doses of terbutryn-[14C](2-(t-butylamino)-4
      (ethylamino)-6-(methylthio)-s-triazine). The metabolites resulted from one or
      more of the following changes: S-demethylation, conversion of the methylthio
      group to a hydroxy group; N-deethylation; oxidation of the terminal carbon of the
      ethyl group to a carboxylic acid; oxidation of a terminal carbon of the t-butyl
      group to either an alcohol or a carboxylic acid; or conjugation with glucuronic
      acid.

PMID- 678609
TI  - Mass spectrometry of N-nitrosamines.
AB  - The preparation of a series of N-nitrosamines for carcinogenicity studies
      presented an opportunity to study mass spectral fragmentation schemes in detail.
      Condensed spectra are listed for 146 N-nitrosamines of widely differing
      structures, including nitroso derivatives of commercial drugs and insecticides.
      Aliphatic nitrosamines were generally characterized by molecular ions and loss of
      OH. Subsequent fragmentation via alpha-cleavage is similar to that of aliphatic
      amines. The loss of OH is believed to result in a cyclic ion. Subsituted
      aliphatic nitrosamines varied in fragmentation schemes with structure and
      position of the substitutent groups. However, most showed alpha-cleavage at some
      point in fragmentation. When substituted with aromatic groups prominent peaks due
      to the aromatic moiety were observed. The alicyclic nitrosamines showed losses of
      NO, NOH and OH and subsequent alpha-cleavages. Nitrosamides were characterized by
      rupture of the carbonyl to nitrogen bond. Spectra of substituted ureas usually
      showed charge retention by the carbonyl fragment, while carbamate esters showed
      ions from both fragments.

PMID- 678610
TI  - Mass spectra of aniline glucuronides.
AB  - Mass spectra of TMS derivatives of aniline glucuronide and pentachloroaniline
      glucuronide are presented, and the fragmentation of these derivatives is compared
      with that of TMS aryl-O-glucuronides. Fragmentation yielding ions entirely from
      the glycone moiety was sufficiently similar to  establish these N-glucuronides as
      TMS glucuronides in the same manner used for TMS-O-glucuronides; however,
      differences observed may be diagnostic for TMS-N-glucuronides.

PMID- 678611
TI  - Identification of a nitrone as an in vitro metabolite of N-methylamphetamine.
AB  - The relatively labile nitrone, alpha-methyl-(N-methylene) benzeneethanamine N
      oxide was isolated from incubates of (+/-)-N-methylamphetamine with fortified
      liver honogenates from rats and rabbit. Identification of the nitrone was
      confirmed directly by gas chromatography and gas chromatography mass spectrometry
      and, after its conversion to isoxazolidine adducts by the action of methyl and
      ethyl acrylate. An authentic sample of the nitrone was synthesized unequivocally
      form N-hydroxyamphetamine and formaldehyde. The isomeric nitrone, N-(alpha
      methylbenzeneethylidene) methylamine N-oxide, was also synthesized and its gas
      chromatographic and gas chromatographic mass spectrometric characteristics
      determined to confirm that the metabolically formed nitrone was not N-(alpha
      methylbenzeneethylidene) methylamine N-oxide. Two previously unreported
      metabolites of (+/-)-Nmethylamphetamine, N-hydroxyamphetamine and 1-hydroxy-1
      phenyl-2-propanone, were isolated from rat in vitro experiments; the latter
      metabolite was not produced in vitro by rabbit liver homogenates.

PMID- 678612
TI  - A "carrier effect" observed in assay of antidiarrhoeal drug compounds.
AB  - A carrier effect has been shown to exist in a stable isotope dilution assay for
      diphenoxylate. When a tetradeuterated analogue is used as a carrier and internal
      standard a sevenfold increase in sensitivity is observed for the unlabelled
      compound. Examination of a related pharmacologically active compound (SC-27166)
      showed a much smaller effect.

PMID- 678613
TI  - Bile acids. LIV--mass spectra of conjugated bile acids.
AB  - The electron impact mass spectra of conjugated bile acids, their 5alpha-analogs
      and methyl esters of glyco conjugates were determined by direct insertion into
      the ion source and their fragmentation patterns were found to be basically
      similar to those of methyl esters of the free bile acids. The conjugates are
      additionally characterized by a significant loss of [NH2CH2CO2H] from the glycine
      moiety and [CH2 = CHSO3 H] from the taurine group. Several 5 alpha- and 5 beta
      isomers can be differentiated, but no general pattern of recognition is
      discernable. Field desorption mass spectra contain [M + Na]+ and [m + Na]2+ ions.

PMID- 678614
TI  - Determination of double bond positions in fatty acids with conjugated double
      bonds.
AB  - The positions of the double bonds in fatty acids with conjugated double bonds may
      be determined by mass spectrometry of the methyl esters of their trimethylsilyl
      ether derivatives obtained by hydroxylation of the double bonds followed by
      silylation of the resulting polyols. The method has been applied to trans-9,trans
      11- and trans-10, trans-12-octadecadienoic acid.

PMID- 678615
TI  - Application and evaluation of limited mass monitoring with a gas chromatograph
      mass spectrometer computer system.
AB  - The technique of scanning a preselected set of ions employing a combined gas
      chromatography mass spectrometer computer system has been investigated to
      ascertain the advantages and disadvantages of such a procedure. This technique
      allows one to determine gas chromatographic retention data with with a high
      degree of precision and accuracy, in rapid temperature programming operation, due
      to shortening of the mas spectral scanning interval. Signal-to-noise ratio in ion
      abundance recordings can be enhanced by increasing the dwell time for as many as
      100 ions without lenghtening the scanning interval. The utility of such an
      approach was demonstrated by analysis of complex mixtures isolated form human
      urine and cerebrospinal fluid.

PMID- 678616
TI  - Structural verification of 15-oxo-13,14-dihydrothromboxane B2.
AB  - The mass spectra of three stable isotope derivatives are presented to confirm ion
      assignments in the spectrum of the methoxime, trimethylsilyl ether, methyl ester
      from 15-oxo-13,14-dihydrothromboxane B2.

PMID- 678617
TI  - Rearranged glucuronic acid conjugates of bilirubin-IX alpha in post-obstructive
      bile. Structure elucidation  of azopigments beta and gamma as ethyl anthranilate
      N-glycosides derived from 2-, 3- and 4-o-acyl glucuronides.
AB  - Azopigment analysis was performed on conjugates of bilirubin-IXalpha in bile of
      man and rats obtained after obstruction of the bile duct or in bile incubated
      under N2. The azopigments beta and gamma, formed by applying a pH 2.7 diazonium
      reagent containing an excess of ethyl anthranilate, correspond to rearranged
      ethyl athranilate N-glucuronides having the azodipyrrole acyl group on positions
      2, 3 and 4 of the sugar. These assignments were verified, first by conversion of
      the structurally known 2-, 3- and 4-O-acyl glucuronide azopigments, unsubstituted
      at C-1, into ethyl anthranilate N-glucuronide reference compounds, and second, by
      mass spectrometry of trimethylsilyl ether methyl ester derivatives of unknown and
      reference compounds. The C-1 ethyl anthranilate group of the N-glucuronides
      triggers characteristics fragmentation reactions of the carbohydrate moiety
      revealing the position of the azodipyrrole O-acyl group.

PMID- 678618
TI  - Development of a procedure for the assay of an experimental steroid drug in dog
      plasma.
AB  - Studies of the estimation of 16alpha-cyano-3beta-cyclopentyloxypregn-5-en-20-one
      (an experimental drug) in dog plasma are described. Extraction using a
      salt/solvent pair (ammonium carbonate/ethyl acetate) is followed by a rapid
      chromatographic procedure employing Lipidex 5000, which affords a substantially
      purified fraction. After preparation of the t-butyldimethylsilyloxime,
      quantification of the drug is performed by selected ion monitoring. The
      [2H9]cyclopentyloxyl analogue is used as an internal standard. In a preliminary
      experiment, the advantages (in terms of both sensitivity and selectivity) of the
      use of an open tubular GLC column are demonstrated.

PMID- 678619
TI  - Determination of isamoxole (N-butyl-N-(4-methyloxazol-2-yl)-2-methylpropanamide,
      LRCL 3950) in plasma by selected ion monitoring using a stable isotope internal
      standard.
AB  - A selected ion monitoring method for the estimation of an anti-allergy compound
      isamaxole (N-butyl-N-(4-methyloxazol-2-yl)-2-methylpropanamide, LRCL 3950) in
      plasma has been developed. The method uses a stable analogue containing nine
      deuterium atoms as internal standard. The assay is sensitive to 2 ng ml-1 plasma
      and has been used to examine plasma levels of isamoxole after doses of the
      compound to animals and man.

PMID- 678620
TI  - Suppression of atherosclerosis in rabbits using drag reducing polymers.

PMID- 678621
TI  - Flow of Casson fluids in non-circular ducts.

PMID- 678622
TI  - Initial studies of the temperature-viscosity relationship of human plasma and
      serum.

PMID- 678623
TI  - [Change in blood viscosity during aortofemoral bypass surgery with particular
      reference to low shear rates].

PMID- 678624
TI  - Plasmatic vasculosis in the terminal vasculature [proceedings].

PMID- 678625
TI  - Varico-occlusive micro-angiopathy--a hypothesis [proceedings].

PMID- 678626
TI  - Erthrocyte flexibility in blood from patients with diabetes mellitus
      [proceedings].

PMID- 678627
TI  - An apparent protective effect of insulin on the autohaemolysis of erythrocytes in
      haemolytic anaemia of pregnancy [proceedings].

PMID- 678629
TI  - Tissue viability--methods of measurement [proceedings].

PMID- 678628
TI  - Erythrocyte flexibility and metabolism [proceedings].

PMID- 678630
TI  - The measurement of fibrinogenolysis by the quantitation of "soluble" fibrinogen
      [proceedings].

PMID- 678631
TI  - Factor VIII--activity in tourniquet ischemia [proceedings].

PMID- 678632
TI  - A rapid test for factor VIII in acute illness [proceedings].

PMID- 678633
TI  - Colour and thickness on red cells [proceedings].

PMID- 678634
TI  - The residue of 99mTc methylene diphosphonate in the canine tibia, before and
      after a fracture [proceedings].

PMID- 678635
TI  - Hyperviscosity in myelomatosis--danger of over-transfusion [proceedings].

PMID- 678636
TI  - Investigation of blood viscosity under hypotensive anaesthesia [proceedings].

PMID- 678637
TI  - [Histologic and radiometric studies of the immunocompetent system in rabbits with
      atherosclerosis].
AB  - Changes in the immunocompetent organs were studied in rabbits during
      atherosclerosis by the histological and radiometric methods. An increase of cells
      of the plasmocyte series in the sinuses of the medulla of the mesenteric lymph
      nodes was observed when the total proliferative activity was reduced. The cells
      of immune response in atherosclerosis are supposed to be formed not on account of
      active proliferation, but by means of differentiation of the initial small
      lymphocytes. The results obtained contribute to out knowledge of immunogenesis of
      atherosclerosis.

PMID- 678638
TI  - [Histocytochemical features of immunopathologic changes in inflammation of the
      lungs].
AB  - The authors present the results of a comparative cytochemical study of the
      phagocytes' and lymphocytes' lysosomal membranes state in the rabbit blood,
      trachea and lungs in immunization with sorbed staphylococcus toxoid and human
      serum albumin in experimental pneumonia and in this disease against the
      background of immunization. It was shown that the changes resulting from
      immunization (the phagocytes' and lymphocytes' lysosomal membranes systemic
      destabilization, microcirculatory disorders, and cell infiltration in the lungs)
      were premorbid to pneumonia and intensified the inflammation. The authors
      considered these changes to be structural and functional signs of the
      immunopathological reactions accompanying pneumonia.

PMID- 678639
TI  - [Effect of extirpation of the cervical sympathetic ganglia on the postnatal
      development of the paraventricular nucleus of the rat hypothalamus].
AB  - The importance of trophico-adaptive influences of the sympathetic nervous system
      for the postnatal hypothalamus development was shown experimentally on rats.
      Using kario-cytometric method it was found that cervical ganglia extirpation was
      followed by retarded ontogenetic development of the neurosecretory cells of the
      paraventricular nucleus, and also by blood vessel changes. The sympathectomy
      effect coincided with the beginning of an intensive cytoplasm growth in the
      paraventricular nucleus cells. Sympathectomy proved to be more effective in
      ratlings than in adult animals.

PMID- 678640
TI  - [Immunoisotachophoresis on cellulose acetate film].
AB  - Acetate-cellulose strips of "Cellogel" type have been shown to be a suitable
      maintenance medium for performance of isotachophoresis. For immuno
      isotachophoresis antigen (from 0.5 to 20 microliter) is applied to a strip of
      acetate-cellulose film. 1--2 microliter of ampholine solution is placed in front
      of the antigen zone. All the components present on the strip are made in 0.06 M
      tris-HCl buffer (pH 6.7), and 0.012 M tris-glycine (pH 8.3) is used as an
      electrode buffer. Electrophoresis produces migrating Kolraush boundary, which at
      first is the area of antigen concentration into a narrow starting zone, and then
      of antigens separation with ampholites. The antigens separated on a cellogel
      strip are subject to cross-electrophoresis on a film saturated with the
      respective antiserum, with formation of precipitation peaks for each individual
      antigen. The method permits to operate with low antigen concentrations since
      electrophoresis ensures their preliminary concentration and the width of the
      zones is independent of the time of separation.

PMID- 678641
TI  - [Method of electron autoradiographic study of RNA synthesis in gastric gland
      cells].
AB  - A method of electron microscope autoradiographic investigation of gastric mucosa
      pieces obtained by clinical gastrobiopsy and incubated with uridine-5H3 was
      suggested. Comparison of the preparations with electron microscope
      radioautographs prepared after the administration of uridine-5H3 into the
      organism and with the results of control treatment with RN-ase permitted the
      authors to conclude that the method proposed reflect the RNA synthesis in the
      gastric gland cells.

PMID- 678642
TI  - [Model of disseminated intravascular coagulation].
AB  - Vascular-thrombocytic and plasma hemostasis was studied in dogs after blood loss
      (40--50 ml/kg weight) and subsequent hypervolemic (60--65 ml/kg weight)
      transfusion of homologous (from 3 donors) platelet and leukocyte rich in plasma.
      After a short phase of hypercoagulation all the tested dogs displayed
      hypocoagulation accompanied by a decrease in the count of platelets and a fall of
      their aggregation function, prolongation of bleeding time, diminution of
      capillary wall resistance, a decrease of plasma fibrinogen concentration and
      factor XIII activity, and by a rise of blood fibrinolytic activity. The data
      obtained show the development of the acute disseminated intravascular coagulation
      syndrome (DIC). DIC model is porposed on the basis of the results obtained.

PMID- 678643
TI  - [Mechanism of formation of epileptic activity complexes in the cerebral cortex
      under the influence of a determinant focus].
AB  - It was shown in the experiments on cats anesthetized by nembutal that by forming
      a hyperactive focus with a high level of excitation in the temporal cortex and a
      number of foci with a less higher level of the excitation in other parts of
      neocortex, it is possible to create a functional complex, working in a single
      routine, determined by the activity of hyperactive focus. The latter plays a role
      of a determinant structure. The inhibition of the determinant focus results in
      the disturbance of the epileptic complex. Focus nature has no sufficient
      importance in the realization of the following interrelations: both the
      determinant focus and dependent foci may be created by means of strychnin and
      penicillin, disturbing different forms of the inhibition. The results of our
      investigations evidence a common conception on the role of determinant structures
      in the activity of the nervous system.

PMID- 678644
TI  - [Changes in the properties of enterocyte membrane structures in acholia using
      carbohydrases with different microtopographies as an example].
AB  - The level of surface and intracellular carbohydrases was compared in rats with
      complete chronic loss of bile. The function of glycocalyx marke (adsorbed
      amylase) proved to be deranged much more in comparison with the function of the
      plasmic membrane proper marker (invertase).

PMID- 678645
TI  - [Blood gases in craniocerebral hypothermia].
AB  - Experiments were conducted on dogs; cranio-cerebral hypothermia (a reduction of
      body temperature from 38 to 28 degrees C) led to increase of oxygen and to
      reduction of carbon dioxide tension in the blood. In case of marked hypothermia
      (24 degrees C) the blood gaseous concentration became less than at 28 degrees C,
      but remained above the initial level. This indicates prolonged preservation of
      adequate lung ventilation in the hypothermic organism.

PMID- 678646
TI  - [Reciprocal influence of cortical zones in normal cats and after creation of an
      experimental pathologic process].
AB  - Acute experiments were conducted on non-anesthetized lystenon-restricted cats.
      The evoked potentials method was applied to the study of interaction of various
      cortical areas of one hemisphere and interhemispheric relations using stimuli of
      different modalities. It was shown that the action of somato-sensory areas on the
      visual cortex responses in the intact brain were mainly of a releasing character;
      these effects disappear in the formation of an experimental pathological focus.
      On the basis of the data obtained a conclusion was drawn on a possible
      participation of functional reorganization of the interhemispheric relations in
      the compensatory process mechanisms.

PMID- 678647
TI  - [Functional difference between the magnocellular neurosecretory nuclei of the rat
      hypothalamus].
AB  - The supraoptic, paraventricular, and postoptic nuclei (SON, PVN, and PON,
      respectively) of the hypothalamus were studied under conditions of 3 months
      training of rats to hypoxia (exposure for 6 h daily in a low pressure chamber
      under 7600m of simulated altitude). All the three nuclei were activated during
      the first 5 days, and then the state of the SON cells normalized. Functional
      activity of the PVN and PON decreased (the nucleolar volume of the neurosecretory
      cells diminished to 70--80%, the amount of the neurosecretory substance in the
      cells and the posterior lobe of the hypophysis was reduced). Such a decreased
      activity of the PVN and PON persisted till the end of the experiment. A positive
      correlation of the thyroid epithelium height and the nucleolar volume of the PVN
      and PON cells was established for both the PVN (r=0.81, P less than 0.05) and the
      PON (r=0.82; P less than 0.05); no significant correlation was revealed for the
      SON (r=0.51; P less than 0.05). Thus, functional similarity of the PVN and the
      PON, and some peculiarities in the SON reaction under conditions of the
      experiment described was demonstrated.

PMID- 678648
TI  - [Changes in energy metabolism in the tissues of animals subjected to the effects
      of constant and intermittent low frequency vibration].
AB  - The exposure of rats to 1 month continuous low-frequency vibration did not cause
      any changes in the brain adenylic fund and led to significant decrease in ATP
      content and total adenine nucleotides in the muscles of the extremities. For 3
      months after the vibration there was a significant exhaustion of the brain and
      muscle adenylic fund. Under exposure to the interrupted vibration the state of
      adenine nucleotide system depended upon the duration of intervals limiting the
      continuous vibration effects. Under the vibration with the shortest intervals
      between each of the 30-minutes exposure there were no changes in the muscle and
      brain energy metabolism. 8- and 15-minute intervals for muscle adenine nucleotide
      and 8-minute interval for the brain proved to be unfavourable.

PMID- 678649
TI  - [Mechanism of the effect of diazepam on acetylcholine concentration in mouse
      brain].
AB  - Intraperitoneal injection of diazepam (20 mg/kg) caused an increase of free and
      bound acetylcholine in the mouse brain. Diazepam pretreatment (20 mg/kg)
      increased galanthamine anticholinesterase activity and its toxicity; as to
      physostigmine, armine, and paraoxon toxicity--it remained unchanged. It is
      supposed that diazepam blocks the release of aetylcholine from the cholinergic
      nerve terminals which should result in a decrease of functional acetylcholine
      concentrations in the synapse.

PMID- 678650
TI  - [Participation of prostaglandins in regulating myocardial catecholamine
      absorption].
AB  - In vitro experiments showed PGE1 (2.10(-6) and 5.10(-6) M) to decrease adrenaline
      and noradrenaline uptake by the rat myocardium homogenates. On the other hand,
      neither PGE1 nor PGA1 influenced the interaction between troponin and
      noradrenaline. Apparently, the capacity of PGs to decrease catecholamine uptake
      by the myocardium was not mediated by their effect on troponin.

PMID- 678651
TI  - [Phospholipid haptens: cross reactivity between cardiolipin and
      phosphatidylinositol].

PMID- 678652
TI  - [Quantitative assessment of the degree of stomach cancer cell morphologic
      dedifferentiation].
AB  - Quantitative estimation of the nucleic acids content in the preparations stained
      with gallocianine-chromic alum was made in 20 cases of stomach cancer.
      Coefficients of the ratio of the nucleus section surface and the cytoplasm, the
      ratio of DNA + RNA of the nucleus to RNA of the cytoplasm, and of DNA of the
      nucleus to the sum total quantity of RNA in the nucleus and the cytoplasm, the
      index of DNA accumulation were compared in adenocarcinomas (210 cells) and
      undifferentiated cancers (390 cells) of the stomach. The ratio of the nucleus
      surface and the cytoplasm, DNA + RNA of the nucleus to RNA of the cytoplasm was
      higher (statistically significant value) in adenocarcinomas as compared with
      undifferentiated cancers of the stomach. This allows to suggest a lower
      differentiation of adenocarcinoma cells in comparison with tumour cells of
      undifferentiated forms of stomach cancer.

PMID- 678653
TI  - [Growth of syngeneic transplantable tumors in Syrian hamsters immunized with
      hamster embryonic tissue].
AB  - The effect of immunization of Syrian hamsters with the hamster embryonic tissue
      on the growth of two syngeneic transplantable tumours was studied. Immunization
      of the inbred hamsters with embryonic hamster tissue with subsequent
      transplantation to them of transplantable syngeneic tumours led neither to
      inhibition nor to enhancement of the tumour growth. It is suggested that the
      embryonic antigens do not participate in the formation of the transplantation
      antitumour immunity.

PMID- 678654
TI  - [Experimental use of extracorporeal hemosorption during the postresuscitation
      period].
AB  - Hemosorption on activated charcoal was used during an early postreanimation
      period of detoxication of the organism. Hemosorption in experimental dogs
      resuscitated after a 15-minute circulatory arrest caused by electrotrauma
      promoted earlier restoration of the corneal reflexes and improved the outcome of
      resuscitation considerably both on account of elimination of acid metabolites and
      possibly of other toxins.

PMID- 678655
TI  - [Effect of chloramphenicol on the blastomogenic effect of N-nitrosomethylurea].

PMID- 678656
TI  - [Effect of helium-neon laser rays on the process of regeneration of irradiated
      transplanted skeletal muscle].
AB  - Three series of experiments on the gastrocnemius muscle of rats were conducted.
      In the first series entire muscles were autografted on both hind extremities. In
      the second series autografting of the muscles was preceded by irradiation of both
      hind extremities with 1000 R. In the third series irradiation with the same dose
      and autografting of the muscles were followed by lazer rays treatment of both
      extremities for 10 days. The transplantation regeneration was studied
      histologically at periods of 1 week--3 months. The results showed the laser rays
      to stimulate regeneration depressed completely by X-irradiation. Regeneration
      proceeded not only in the peripheral, but also in the interior zone of the
      muscle, and resulted in formation of a muscle organ capable of contraction.

PMID- 678657
TI  - [Proliferative activity in several tissues of unilaterally nephrectomized mice
      subjected to surgery at different times of the day].
AB  - Unilateral nephrectomy was performed in mice in the morning and in the evening.
      Mitotic activity in the proximal parts of the nephron tubules of the resting
      kidney and in the corneal epithelium was examined 48 and 60 hours after the
      operation. As compared with control, after the operation performed in the morning
      the mitotic index proved to increase 4.3 times and remained at a high level for
      60 hours; after the operation performed in the evening mitotic index increased
      9.3 times and decreased in 60 hours. It is concluded that the cells of the kidney
      epithelium entered into division more synchronously in the animals operated in
      the evening than in those operated in the morning. Nephrectomy had no influence
      on the level and rhythm of cell proliferation in the corneal epithelium.

PMID- 678658
TI  - [Hepatocyte regeneration following Kupffer cell stimulation with prodigiosan].
AB  - The effect of Bac. prodigiosum polysaccharide named "prodigiosan" on DNA
      synthesis and the hepatocyte mitotic rate in the regenerating liver of male
      Wistar rats was studied. Being injected intraperitoneally in a dose of 50
      microgram/rad per 24 h before partial hepatectomy prodigiosan markedly increased
      the mitotic rate and indices of labeled hepatocyte nuclei which reached the
      maximum values earlier than in control nonstimulated hepatectomized animals. It
      is suggested that the stimulatory effect of prodigiosan was due to the Kupffer's
      cells activation.

PMID- 678659
TI  - [Effect of changes in the concentrations of Na, K and Ca ions in the medium on
      rhythmo-inotropic relationships in pathologically altered myocardium].
AB  - The following criteria of the myocardial insufficiency were revealed on
      myocardial fragments of the human auricule tissue (auricula atrii) removed in
      correction of the valvular cardiac defects: 1) fall of the contraction amplitude
      in the rhythmic row even with the stimulation frequency of 1--3 Hz (normal
      mycadrium is characterized by increased contraction amplitude--positive Bowdwitch
      steps) 2) monophasic character of the frequency-force curve (in a normal
      myocardium the curve is three-phasic in shape); 3) the absence of positive or the
      appearance of negative inotropic effect in response to reduction of the external
      Na concentration or removal of K ions from the solution. The data obtained permit
      to suggest that disturbed Ca ion transport through the surface membrane and
      reduction of the capacity of the sarcoplasmic reticulum to sequestrate Ca ions
      underlay myocardial insufficiency of the cardiac cells of the affected heart.

PMID- 678660
TI  - [DNA concentration in cells of the glandular epithelium of the endometrium during
      the menstrual bleeding phase].
AB  - DNA content in the endometrial gland cells (9 women of fertile age) was studied
      during menstruation by microspectrophotometry. It was shown that DNA content
      (mainly 2n) remained unchanged during different days of menstruation, both during
      the desquamation (the 1st--2nd days of the cycle), and during the regeneration
      stage (the 3rd--4th days). Along with this the mitotic activity in the glandular
      epithelium was absent completely (36 samples of endometrium).

PMID- 678661
TI  - [Effect of acute hypoxia on embryonal death and the sex ratio of the progeny].
AB  - The effect of acute hypoxia on mouse embryogenesis and its influence on the sex
      ratio in the progeny was studied. On the 7th--10th day of pregnancy mice were
      subjected to hypoxia at 230 mm HG for 3 hours. They were sacrificed on the 18th
      day of pregnancy, and gonads of their embryos were taken for investigation. The
      sex ratio was determined as the ratio of the number of males to that of females.
      It has been shown that acute hypoxia on the 7th--10th days of pregnancy,
      resulting in high mortality of adult animals, had no substantial effect on the
      embryonic development. No selective death of the embryos of either sex was
      observed both in experimental and control groups.

PMID- 678662
TI  - [Effect of preliminary neurosensitization of rats on the postnatal development of
      the cerebral cortex of the progeny].
AB  - The author investigated the cerebral cortex of 30-day ratlings born of rats
      preliminarily neurosensitized with a homologous cerebral cortex antigen, and of
      intact, control rats. In comparison with control, there was a reduction of the
      width of the sensory-motor region of the cortex, chiefly on account of the lower
      layers, diminution of the size of cell bodies of large neurons in the layer,
      inadequate development of the cytoplasm, and retarded accumulation of basophilic
      substance in it.

PMID- 678663
TI  - [Qualitative-quantitative analysis of changes in rat caudate nucleus neurons
      during postnatal ontogenesis].
AB  - Changes of the neurons of the caudate nucleus were analyzed in rats of different
      age (newborn, 7-, 14-, and 30-day-old) by qualitative and quantitative methods.
      Complication of the structural components of the nerve cells during the early
      postnatal ontogenesis was shown. The process of the neuron maturation proved to
      be most intensive during two postnatal weeks and was practically complete by the
      30th day of the postnatal period. The results suggest that at this period of
      ontogenesis the caudate nucleus takes part in the integral activity of the brain.

PMID- 678664
TI  - [Number of clonogenic stromal precursor cells in the hematopoietic organs of
      guinea pigs at different ages].
AB  - The content of clonogenic stromal precursors in the femoral bone marrow, spleen
      and the thymus of guinea pigs of different age was studied by the in vitro colony
      assay method (monolayer cultivation of hemopoietic and lymphoid tissue). The
      concentration and the total amount of the stromal precursor cells was shown to be
      age-dependent. In the femoral bone marrow and in the spleen the amount of
      fibroblast precursors was maximal by the age of two months; then, with ageing, it
      remained at the former level in the spleen, but decreased essentially in the bone
      marrow. The number of stromal precursors was rather constant in the thymus during
      the period of its active functional activity, but these cells were absent in the
      thymus of old animals.

PMID- 678665
TI  - [Skeletal morphology of inbred rats during hypokinesia and variants as a result
      of rehabilitation].
AB  - Statistically significant dependence between physical loading and drug treatment
      in hypokinesia, on the one hand, and bone adaptation, on the other hand, was
      shown. Correction variants studied were expressed unequally in the animals of
      different strains. This indicates genetic growth determination and formation of
      limb bones.

PMID- 678666
TI  - Efficacy of granulocyte transfusions in the control of systemic candidiasis in
      the leukopenic host.
AB  - An experimental canine model was designed to evaluate the effect of granulocyte
      transfusions on systemic infection with Candida albicans in the granulocytopenic
      host. Each of a pair of dogs was rendered granulocytopenic with a single
      intravenous (i.v.) dose of cyclophosphamide (50 mg/kg body weight) and challenged
      with 10(6) Candida albicans organisms administered i.v. when granulocyte counts
      were less than or equal to 500/mm3. Granulocytes procured by leukofiltration were
      infused into six experimental dogs 1, 24, 48, and 72 hr after challenge with
      Candida. An average of 13 +/- 1.3 X 10(9) granulocytes were administered per
      infusion, producing an average 1-hr increment of 588 +/- 146 granulocytes/mm3
      over the pretransfusion granulocyte count. Experimental and control dogs were
      killed 96 hr after challenge and organs examined grossly and by quantitative
      culture techniques to measure the extent of infection. All animals receiving
      granulocyte transfusions had significantly less tissue infection than
      nontransfused controls (p less than 0.05). It was concluded that granulocyte
      transfusions are effective in reducing the severity of infection by Candida
      albicans during periods of leukopenia.

PMID- 678667
TI  - Membrane mechanical properties of ATP-depleted human erythrocytes.
AB  - Although the relations between the metabolic state and the mechanical properties
      of human red blood cells (RBC) continue to be of current interest, literature
      reports in this area are not in agreement. The present investigation was designed
      to determine several intrinsic mechanical properties of human RBC membranes
      before and after metabolic depletion via incubation at 37 degrees C for 24 hr.
      Using micropipette and flow channel techniques, three properties were measured:
      (1) mu, surface shear modulus of elasticity; (2) K, elastic area compressibility
      modulus; (3) etap, shear viscosity in the plastic domain. Our results indicate no
      significant differences in these parameters between fresh and ATP-depleted human
      RBC membranes. These present data are thus in disagreement with other literature
      reports indicating large changes in membrane mechanical properties consequent to
      metabolic depletion. A brief discussion of the possible reasons for this
      disagreement is presented.

PMID- 678668
TI  - Nonreversible loss of platelet aggregability induced by calcium deprivation.
AB  - Platelets lose their ability to aggregate when deprived of divalent cations. This
      usually was studied by incubating human citrated platelet-rich plasma with EDTA
      or EGTA and then adding enough CaCl2 to combine with the chelating agent.
      Incubation for 5-7 min at 37 degrees C caused irreversible loss of the platelets'
      ability to adhere to glass and to aggregate with ADP, epinephrine, A23187,
      vasopressin, or serotonin or upon rewarming after chilling and markedly reduced
      aggregation with collagen or thrombin. Control samples incubated with saline,
      CaEDTA, or CaEGTA were not inhibited. Untreated platelets washed and incubated in
      solutions treated with resins that remove divalent cations lost their ability to
      aggregate in 30 min. More than about 0.26 mM Mg2+ partially protected the
      platelets. Unlike aggregation, ADP-induced shape change, clot retraction caused
      by thrombin or ADP plus reptilase, and thrombin-induced 14C-serotonin release
      were not inhibited after incubation. Aggregability was not restored by prolonged
      incubation with CaCl2, adding normal plasma, or washing the platelets. Its loss
      was temperature and pH dependent, occurring in 2 min at 43 degrees C but not in 7
      min at 30 degrees C, and at pH 7.8 but much less at pH 7.2. The defect was not
      associated with an increase in platelet cyclic AMP, a decrease in metabolic ATP,
      or the presence of free ADP.

PMID- 678669
TI  - Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) terminating in multiple myeloma: report of two
      cases.
AB  - Two cases of multiple myeloma (MM) developed late in the course of chronic
      lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). An 81-yr-old white female developed, after 6 yr of
      CLL, IgAk MM with sheets of plasma cells abutting sheets of lymphocytes in the
      bone marrow, multiple pathologic fractures, and 0.26 g/24 free k light chains in
      the urine. A 74-yr-old white male developed, after 16 yr of CLL, k light chain MM
      with 20% plasma cells in the bone marrow, multiple panthologic fractures, and 3.7
      g/24 hr free k light chains in the urine. In both cases the CLL had responded
      well to intermittent low-dose chlorambucil therapy, but the MM failed to respond
      to cyclic melphalanprednisone therapy. A review of 105 cases of CLL seen at the
      Geisinger Medical Center failed to turn up any other cases of MM developing
      during the course of CLL. The suggestion that there is an increased prevalence of
      MM in CLL is an attractive one because both diseases are B cell neoplasms and
      because of the increased frequency of asymptomatic monoclonal gammopathies in CLL
      found by others.

PMID- 678670
TI  - Synthesis of a peroxidase activity by the cells of hairy cell leukemia: a study
      by ultrastructural cytochemistry.
AB  - The nature of cells present in the blood, marrow, and spleen of patients with
      hairy cell leukemia is largely debated. These cells have been tentatively
      categorized on the basis of either monocytic or lymphocytic markers, and the
      accumulating data points to the fact that they share some characteristics of both
      cell types. Although hairy cells are known to lack myeloperoxidase-positive
      granules, present in normal human monocytes, we investigated the possible
      presence of other peroxidase activities differing from the granule-bound
      myeloperoxidase. The study was carried out with several methods based on the
      incubation of fixed and unfixed cells in the presence of diaminobenzidine and
      hydrogen peroxide. A peroxidase activity was found in hairy cells, located always
      in the endoplasmic reticulum but not in the Golgi apparatus or in any granule. By
      its cytochemical characteristics it appears to be closely related to that of
      tissue macrophages, activated blood monocytes, and other nonlymphocytic
      hematopoietic cells. This peroxidase is not found in lymphocytes with B or T
      phenotypes.

PMID- 678671
TI  - Effect of acute alcohol intoxication on granulocyte mobilization and kinetics.
AB  - Granulocyte mobilization into skin abrasions in human volunteers was
      significantly inhibited by acute alcohol intoxication (45,-800 cells in 8 hr
      versus 353,000 in normal controls). Alcohol applied locally did not inhibit
      granulocyte delivery, and protection of the abrasion against heat loss did not
      reduce the inhibited delivery in intoxicated volunteers. Intoxication inhibited
      granulocyte adherence and local mobilization in parallel. Alcohol administration
      to rabbits shifted granulocytes from marginal to circulating pool in a manner
      similar to epinephrine. Mobilization of bone marrow granulocytes by
      glucocorticoid or endotoxin administration was not inhibited by intoxication, nor
      did it prevent the endotoxin-induced shift of granulocytes from circulating to
      marginal pool.

PMID- 678672
TI  - Modified method of erythropoietin (ESF) bioassay in vitro using mouse fetal liver
      cells. I. Effect of serum iron on 59Fe incorporation into heme.
AB  - Investigations on the mouse fetal liver cell bioassay for erythropoietin (ESF)
      have revealed that iron present in test sera significantly dilutes the radiolabel
      (59Fe) and thus decreases 59Fe incorporation into heme. A method of correction
      for the influence of iron on the dose-response relationship of human sera is
      presented. Application of this method made it possible to assay human sera up to
      culture concentrations of 150 microliter/ml. It was shown that a corrected serum
      dose-response curve showed parallelism to the curve of an ESF standard
      preparation. This suggests similarity of the active principles and allows valid
      estimation of a potency ratio.

PMID- 678673
TI  - Modified method of erythropoietin (ESF) bioassay in vitro using mouse fetal liver
      cells. II. measurement of ESF in human serum.
AB  - A modification of the mouse fetal liver cell bioassay for erythropoietin (ESF)
      that allows quantitative detection of ESF in human serum is described. The
      modification consists of (1) correction for the effect of serum iron on 59Fe
      incorporation into heme and (2) the use of an "internal standard," i.e., a
      standard ESF preparation dissolved in the assayed test serum. As a result of this
      modification the statistical method of bioassay analysis had to be changed
      fundamentally. The mean serum concentration of ESF measured in 20 normal males
      was 48 microunit/ml, as compared to 29 microunit/ml in 18 females. The difference
      was significant at p = 0.017. The stimulatory activity of a human serum on 59Fe
      incorporation into heme could be neutralized by an anti-human ESF immune serum.

PMID- 678674
TI  - Detection of factor XIIIa (active fibrin-stabilizing factor) in normal plasma.
AB  - Factor XIIIa (active fibrin-stabilizing factor) generated in heat-defibrinated
      plasma by the addition of thrombin can be measured by 14C-putrescine
      incorporation into casein. Modification of this assay be substituting 3H
      putrescine of high specific activity as the donor amine permits measurement of
      amine incorporation by plasma even in the absence of added thrombin.
      Incorporation is calcium dependent, inhibited by iodoacetamide, and absent from
      congenital factor XIII-deficient plasma and from normal platelets. The
      transamidating activity detected by radioenzymatic assay catalyzed the formation
      of gamma-gamma dimers and alpha polymers of fibrin and was thus biologically
      functional. This fibrin cross-linking activity was absent from factor XIII
      deficient plasma. These experiments show (1) some factor XIII is present in
      plasma as factor XIIIa; (2) this factor XIIIa can cross-link fibrin and thus has
      biologic activity as well; and (3) this activity is not present in factor XIII
      deficient plasma. Factor XIIIa in normal plasma is possibly activated in vivo,
      perhaps by circulating thrombin, factor Xa, or other proteolytic enzymes.

PMID- 678675
TI  - Lymphocyte surface immunoglobulin density and immunoglobulin secretion in vitro
      in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).
AB  - Lymphocyte surface immunoglobulin (SIg) and immunoglobulin (Ig) secretion were
      studied in 14 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and 12 healthy
      subjects. The determination of SIgM-bearing (SIgM+) cells by immunofluorescent
      staining and the quantification of SIgM by radioimmunoassay (RIA) permitted the
      calculation of the SIgM density. In 12 normal subjects the percentage of SIgM+
      cells averaged 8% (range 4%-12%) and the SIgM density 10.2 ng antigenic
      equivalent/10(6) SIgM+ cells (SD 4.3). In 12 patients with CLL the respective
      figures were 68% (range 35%-90%) and 0.68 ng (SD 0.57). Ig secretion from
      pokeweed mitogen-stimulated CLL cells was markedly diminished as compared with
      normal lymphocytes. In coculture experiments CLL cells had no suppressive effect
      on Ig secretion of normal lymphocytes and normal lymphocytes did not enhance Ig
      secretion leukemic lymphocytes. These results indicate that the impaired
      secretory activity of CLL cells results from an intrinsic anomaly of these cells.

PMID- 678676
TI  - Comparison of intracellular bactericidal activities of human neutrophils and
      eosinophils.
AB  - Eosinophils from a patient with hypereosinophilia were observed to phagocytize
      radiolabeled E. coli or S. aureus as effectively as neutrophils from a normal
      control. This was observed at a number of bacteria/cell ratios and a various time
      intervals following initial challenge and was confirmed by direct microscopic
      examination. In spite of comparables rates of phagocytosis, the eosinophils were
      consistently less capable of killing the bacteria. This correlates with an
      inability of eosinophil peroxidase to catalyze the peroxidase-H2O2-CI--mediated
      decarboxylation of amino acids; in contrast, both eosinophil and neutrophil
      peroxidases showed similar capabilities to iodinate protein in vitro. These data
      are compatible with the importance of the chloride-mediated mechanism in the
      bactericidal activity of intact phagocytes.

PMID- 678678
TI  - Bone marrow lesions in Q fever.

PMID- 678677
TI  - Platelet resistance to prostaglandin D2 in patients with myeloproliferative
      disorders.

PMID- 678679
TI  - Neutrophil products inhibiting cell proliferation.

PMID- 678680
TI  - Abnormal splenic uptake of red cells in long-lasting iron deficiency anemia due
      to self-induced bleeding (factitious anemia).
AB  - The authors report on six cases of chronic iron deficiency anemia in which a
      diagnosis of factitious anemia was made. Erythrokinetic studies demonstrated iron
      deficiency and blood loss. Besides these features, two kinetic abnormalities are
      described: precocious splenic sequestration of red cells and excess hemolysis.
      This hemolytic syndrome seems to be correlated to the duration of anemia rather
      than to its severity.

PMID- 678681
TI  - [A modified MOPP regimen in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease stage III B and IV
      (author's transl)].
AB  - In a retrospective study 80 patients with Hodgkin's disease of stage III B (n =
      32) and IV (n = 48) were investigated, who had been treated with a modified MOPP
      regimen. 28 patients (35%) were previously untreated. A completed remission was
      reached in 51 patients, a partial remission in 16, and 13 patients failed to
      respond. 16 patients had died in the observation period. Complete remissions were
      twice as frequent with 90% in stage III as compared with 45% in stage IV. The
      group of patients surviving 4 years was 92% in stage III and 62% in stage IV.

PMID- 678682
TI  - The spreading of leukocytes released from their liquid environment.
AB  - It is known that while leukocytes in conventional blood smears reveal their
      structures, in smears of erythrocyte-free suspension (EFS) they show a tendency
      to pyknosis. From the present study it appears that: 1. When any leukocyte
      suspension is subjected to drying on slides the cells undergo shrinkage (pyknosis
      in stained state) because their water content is extracted by the suspending
      fluid that is rendered increasingly hypertonic during drying. 2. When the
      leukocytes, which while floating within physiological fluids are ball-shaped, are
      entirely released from their suspending fluid, they suddenly spread into flat
      cells because the capillary force between the cell membranes and glass overcomes
      the surface tension of the cells. 3. In contrast to shrunken or even normal
      (spherical) cells, spread cells are able to display their morphology. Using the
      smear technique, the cell density of the suspension will determine whether
      spreading or shrinkage are to occur; with normal blood (high density) the release
      and consequently the spread are achieved; with EFS (usually of low density) an
      inadequate release and consequently shrinkage occur. 4. A device (cell spreader)
      for spreading leukocytes of EFS is presented.

PMID- 678683
TI  - Influence of hen dietary calcium and phosphorus on the integrity of the egg shell
      as it would influence hatching success and the consequences of preincubation 2,
      4, 5-T spraying with and without a high TCDD level.
AB  - Commercial strain laying hens were fed practical rations deficient in calcium
      and/or phosphorus to affect weak shelled eggs. Spraying these eggs prior to
      incubation with 2, 4, 5-T preparations having extremes in TCDD contamination at
      10x recommendation was without effect on all parameters used to evaluate
      embryological development and subsequent early performance of resultant chicks.
      Analyses for 2, 4, 5-T residues indicated that the shell though weakened was
      unaffected as a barrier to herbicide contamination.

PMID- 678684
TI  - The use of Cerenkov radiation in the measurement of 115mCd in blood and other
      tissues.
AB  - A new method for the activity measurement of 115mCd in biological samples was
      proposed. After tissues mineralization with 60% perchloric acid and 30% hydrogen
      peroxide (I) or with 0.5 M ethanolic sodium hydroxide (II) the solutions were
      measured in automatic liquid scintillation counter SL-30 by CERENKOV technique.
      The channels ratio method was successfully applied for standardization. The
      recoveries of 115mCd varied in the ranges: 93.6-102% and 82.7-99.3% for method I
      and II, respectively.

PMID- 678685
TI  - Determination of benzo(a)pyrene in liquid paraffin by high performance liquid
      chromatography (HPLC).

PMID- 678686
TI  - Chlorinated tyrosine in municipal waste treatment plant products after
      superchlorination.
AB  - Previous work has shown that 3, 5-dibromotyrosine acts as a thyroxine
      production/secretion inhibitor which may imply a similar response to
      chlorotyrosine derivatives. Chloro- and dichlorotyrosine have been produced in
      the laboratory by the action of aqueous chlorine upon tyrosine at low pH, and
      have been found in the effluent from superchlorination facilities in use at three
      municipal waste treatment plants. The extent to which these and other possible
      chlorinated amino acids occur in superchlorinated waste products, and their fate
      in receiving streams is not known, and is under investigation by this laboratory.

PMID- 678687
TI  - The use of periphyton as a monitor of trace metals in two contaminated Indiana
      lakes.

PMID- 678688
TI  - Cytological studies in albino rats after oral administration of manganese
      chloride.

PMID- 678689
TI  - Toxic responses in gerbils treated topically with aflatoxin B1 and
      dimethylformamide.
AB  - Male and female Mongolian gerbils failed to show observable pathological
      responses in the liver to topically applied AFB1 and DMF indicating that
      percutaneous absorption of AFB1 is absent in this species. In males, some
      responses in weight changes were attributed, proportionally, to increased doses
      of DMF. Unexplained and currently under investigation is the possibility that
      AFB1 may have reduced the response of some animals to DMF. This response may
      relate in some way to the modification of absorption of DMF in the gerbil since
      AFB1 is known to have an influence on cell membranes.

PMID- 678690
TI  - Loss of mirex on evaporation of aqueous solutions.

PMID- 678691
TI  - Total and organic mercury in benthic organisms near a major submarine wastewater
      outfall system.

PMID- 678692
TI  - Hepatic storage alteration of vitamin B12 by cadmium in a freshwater fish.

PMID- 678693
TI  - Mechanical behaviour of ventricular aneurysms.

PMID- 678694
TI  - Effects of external pressures on the pressure-volume relation of the left
      ventricle.

PMID- 678695
TI  - Mathematical analysis of cancer chemotherapy: the effects of chemotherapeutic
      agents on the cell cycle traverse.

PMID- 678696
TI  - A theoretical study of the temperature distribution in skeletal muscle undergoing
      rhythmic contractions.

PMID- 678697
TI  - A union catalog of monographs: another approach.
AB  - The rationale for and the production of the 1977 TALON Union Catalog of
      Monographs are described. The 158,859 records include the existing machine
      readable records for six health sciences libraries plus the cataloging of six
      others, converted by matching other data bases and by keypunching. The method and
      costs of production are discussed. Use of Computer-Output-Microfiche (COM)
      significantly decreased the cost and time required for publication. The $.076
      unit cost per entry, with both author and title access for the COM method, is
      almost one-half the unit cost for the previous method which offered only main
      entry access. The TALON Catalog compares favorably with the Midwest Medical Union
      Catalog. The addition of the title index significantly increases its usefulness.
      However, the unique feature of the TALON Catalog may be its machine-readable form
      which offers the potential for quantitative analyses of health sciences library
      collections. Such data may be essential for rational management of limited
      library funds.

PMID- 678698
TI  - Toward hospital library standards in Canada.
AB  - A report is given on Canadian hospital library standards as recently developed
      and incorporated in a new Guide to Hospital Accreditation, 1977. The new Canadian
      standards are compared with MLA recommendations to the Joint Commission on
      Accreditation of Hospitals. Their development is sketched and the contribution
      from Quebec of a model of hospital classification is examined. This model
      provides differential minimal library standards based on the function of the
      hospital rather than on its size alone. Use of these minimal standards as a
      practical means of developing hospital libraries is discussed and their
      implications for accreditation visits are underlined.

PMID- 678699
TI  - Friends of the library groups in health sciences libraries.
AB  - The Houston Academy of Medicine--Texas Medical Center (HAM--TMC) Library
      collected data on friends of the library groups from 103 health sciences
      libraries, using a mail questionnaire. Sixteen of the responding libraries had
      independent friends groups; seven had friends groups that were subordinate to a
      university group. The sixteen independent groups gave as their major purposes (1)
      to raise money for their associated library and (2) to develop support for their
      library. These groups contributed an average of $4,870 a year to their libraries,
      the money being used primarily to purchase rare books and working-collection
      books and to sponsor social events. The subordinate groups contributed relatively
      little money to the health sciences libraries responding to the survey.

PMID- 678700
TI  - Evaluation of a clinical medical librarian program at the Yale Medical Library.
AB  - A clinical medical librarian (CML) program in a large university-based teaching
      hospital setting is viewed by the majority of clinicians as education-oriented,
      with slightly fewer clinicians viewing it as patient care oriented. The CML
      service has been utilized for research purposes only when it is clear that case
      relevant information can evolve into research intended to have "clinical" impact.
      This study reports the results of a questionnaire circulated among clinicians
      receiving CML support by a large medical school library. Results indicate that
      (1) the CML effected a change in information-seeking behavior by the clinicians-
      they obtained information that would not have been available to them if the CML
      had not been present in patient-management conferences; (2) relevancy of
      information provided by the CML was judged by the clinicians to be very high; (3)
      the accuracy of the CML's search, coupled with the rapidity of delivery, was
      found to be highly satisfactory; (4) acceptance of the CML within the patient
      care setting was acknowledged by the majority of clinicians, who contact the CML
      in-hospital and overwhelmingly prefer to do so; and (5) there was no
      statistically significant variation in the manner in which different medical
      specialties use the services of a CML. These findings justify implementation of a
      clinical medical librarian program, on a modified basis, as an additional service
      to already existing reference services offered by a large medical school library.

PMID- 678701
TI  - In search of an ethic of medical librarianship.
AB  - Why is the literature on the ethics of librarianship so sparse? Some of the codes
      of ethics proposed or officially adopted during this century are examined, with
      an informal commentary on the reasons why they seem to have aroused so little
      sustained interest and discussion. Attention is directed particularly to library-
      user relationships and to some of the unique ethical situations in medical
      libraries.

PMID- 678702
TI  - Predicting the impact of the new copyright law on the interlibrary loan
      transactions of a hospital library consortium.

PMID- 678703
TI  - Providing health care information to patients in a small hospital.

PMID- 678704
TI  - Comparison of United Parcel Service and United States postal service delivery
      speed and cost for interlibrary loan.

PMID- 678705
TI  - Report on subsequent demand for journal titles dropped in 1975.

PMID- 678706
TI  - Book availability in the University of Minnesota Bio-Medical Library.

PMID- 678707
TI  - The coastal bend consortium: an overview.

PMID- 678708
TI  - Periodicals prices: U.S. medical titles.

PMID- 678709
TI  - Required reading for students.

PMID- 678710
TI  - Health information for patients.

PMID- 678711
TI  - Citation analysis.

PMID- 678712
TI  - Symbiosis. An aspect of psychotherapy.

PMID- 678713
TI  - Pathways to change in psychoanalytic therapy.

PMID- 678714
TI  - Juvenile delinquency. A review of the past and a look at the future.

PMID- 678715
TI  - Responsibility of the psychiatrist to society.

PMID- 678716
TI  - Genetic counselling.

PMID- 678717
TI  - Antenatal diagnosis in early pregnancy.

PMID- 678718
TI  - O Canada: this (medical) demi-paradise.

PMID- 678719
TI  - Acute renal failure.

PMID- 678720
TI  - The work of the recovery room.

PMID- 678722
TI  - The management of multiple injuries.

PMID- 678721
TI  - Contemporary surgery. Splenectomy.

PMID- 678723
TI  - The normal ECG and its variations.

PMID- 678724
TI  - An inferiorly based soleus muscle flap.

PMID- 678725
TI  - A gastrocnemius muscle flap to fill an osteomyelitic hole in the femur.

PMID- 678726
TI  - The alar base composite graft in cleft lip noses.

PMID- 678727
TI  - Autogenous septal cartilage graft in the correction of cleft lip nasal deformity.

PMID- 678728
TI  - Silicone sheet and bead implants to correct the deformities of inadequately
      healed orbital fractures.
AB  - Following severe trauma to the middle third of the face, a common deformity
      requiring secondary correction is a combination of lowered orbital floor and
      enophthalmos often associated with diplopia and ptosis. Silicone discs are used
      to elevate the orbital floor and silicone beads inserted subperiosteally to
      correct the enophthalmos. In a series of 44 cases we have had no instance of
      infection or rejection although some beads had to be removed in 1 patient because
      of increased pressure on the eye. Close collaboration between plastic and
      ophthalmic surgeons is essential.

PMID- 678729
TI  - Three distinct varieties of ear lobe keloids in Egypt.

PMID- 678730
TI  - Sarcoidosis in long standing facial scars.

PMID- 678731
TI  - Enormous keloid (?) on a penis.

PMID- 678732
TI  - Vulnerability factors and depression in women.
AB  - A matched controlled study of 84 depressed women confirms the findings of Browm
      et al, that loss of mother before 11, three or more children at home under 14
      years of age, lack of a confiding marital relationship and lack of employment may
      be vulnerability factors predisposing to depression in working-class women.

PMID- 678733
TI  - Evaluation of a social work service for self-poisoning patients.
AB  - Four hundred patients aged at least 17 who came to Casualty in one year after
      deliberately poisoning themselves were randomly assigned between an Experimental
      social work service (task-centered casework) and a Control (routine) follow-up
      service. 139 patients were excluded from the trial, most of whom were already in
      continuing psychiatric treatment. After one year there was no difference in the
      proportions of E and C patients who repeated self-poisoning (about 14 per cent),
      but significantly more of the excluded group had repeated (36 per cent). A random
      half of the trial patients were re-interviewed four months after admission. Both
      E and C groups had improved to a significant extent on measures of depressed mood
      and of social problems. E patients showed more change in social problems and were
      more satisfied with the service they had received.

PMID- 678734
TI  - Specific psychological deficits in alcoholism.
AB  - Forty alcoholics and 40 controls were compared on tests of frontal lobe
      functions, abstracting ability, and verbal and picture memory. Alcoholics were
      inferior to controls, and heavy drinkers poorer than moderate ones (life-time
      alcohol consumption) on picture memory and a verbal fluency test of frontal lobe
      functions. Verbal memory and abstracting ability were not significantly impaired.
      Although this pattern may indicate that frontal and right temporal areas of the
      brain are particularly vulnerable to the effects of chronic alcoholism, the
      possibility that it may merely reflect general sensitivity of the tests to brain
      damage cannot be ruled out.

PMID- 678735
TI  - Recurrent unipolar depressions with a 48-hour cycle: report of a case.
AB  - Since 1804 there have been twelve case reports of patients with mood disorders
      showing a regular periodicity of 48 hours, eight bipolar and four unipolar. This
      paper describes an additional patient, a 57-year-old man with a 48-hour unipolar
      cycle. Although his 24-hour serum cortisol pattern was abnormal, there were few
      clear-cut biological abnormalities. Possible mechanisms are discussed, and
      comparisons made with previous reports of similar patients.

PMID- 678736
TI  - Age disorientation in schizophrenia: a constant prevalence of 25 per cent in a
      chronic mental hospital population?
AB  - The prevalence of age disorientation was estimated in the population of patients
      with a diagnosis of schizophrenia in a large mental hospital. Of these 357
      patients 25 per cent demonstrated age disorientation, defined as a five-year
      discrepancy between true and subjective age, and 11 per cent of the population
      believed themselves to be within five years of the age they were at admission,
      although they were a mean 28.9 years older. Age-disorientated patients differed
      from the age-orientated in being significantly older. However, when age-matched,
      they were younger at first admission and had a longer duration of stay than
      patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia without age-disorientation. Age
      disorientation may thus be a feature of a type of schizophrenic illness of early
      onset and poor prognosis.

PMID- 678737
TI  - Age disorientation in chronic schizophrenia: the nature of the cognitive deficit.
AB  - In an interview survey of temporal orientation in chronic schizophrenia, patients
      with age disorientation (n = 77) were much less likely than patients without age
      disorientation (n = 222) to be able to give correct answers to simple questions
      about dates and the passage of time (e.g. their date of birth, the present year
      and the duration of their hospital stay). The age disorientated systematically
      under-estimate the present year and their duration of hospital stay; in
      individual patients the errors they make are consistent with their concept of
      their own age. "Time stands still" for these patients. However, there are
      patients in whom an incorrect appreciation of their own age co-exists with
      correct awareness of the present year. Between these patients and those for whom
      subjective time stands still, there appears to be a continuum of increasing
      temporal disorientation. This dimension may be a clinical correlate of
      intellectual impairment.

PMID- 678738
TI  - Clinical laboratory abnormalities and their follow-up in a mental hygiene clinic.
AB  - In a retrospective study, there were clearly abnormal laboratory findings in 4.8
      per cent of 4,994 adults who attended for psychiatric evaluation at a mental
      hygiene clinic. In particular high fasting blood sugars, abnormal blood counts,
      eosinophilia, VDRL and abnormalities of chest X-ray or urinalysis were found.
      Just under half of these abnormalities led to further medical follow-up. Old and
      young, schizophrenic and neurotic were equally likely to be followed up, but
      tests which were clinically not alarming might be ignored. The implications are
      discussed.

PMID- 678739
TI  - The influence of videotape feedback on the self-assessments of psychiatric
      patients.
AB  - The effects of videotape feedback on patients' self-perception were assessed in a
      study which was a partial replication of an investigation reported by Griffiths
      and Hinkson (1973). Subjects were randomly allocated to one of three groups.
      After a semi-structured interview, they were either (1) shown a videotape of the
      interview, or (2) shown a videotape of another person being interviewed, or (3)
      engaged in other activities not involving videotape. Patients' self-ratings
      indicated that videotape feedback has immediate effects on self-assessments of
      social ease and physical attractiveness. Feedback produced changes in ratings of
      social ease, but individuals differed in the direction of the change (i.e.
      whether social ease was "better" or "worse"). The direction of the change was
      predicted by a questionnaire measure of response style. Feedback also tended to
      make patients rate themselves as less attractive in the eyes of other people. All
      changes were, however, temporary and had disappeared at a two-week follow-up. The
      results are generally consistent with those reported by Griffiths and Hinkson in
      that they indicate temporary and specific changes in response to videotape
      feedback. The implications of the results are discussed.

PMID- 678740
TI  - Symptom patterns among chronic schizophrenic in-patients.
AB  - The Delusions-Symptoms-States Inventory (DSSI) was administered to 33 chronic non
      paranoid schizophrenic patients resident on long-stay wards. It was found that
      the vast majority of cases (81 per cent) produced symptom patterns conforming to
      the hierarchy of classes of personal illness model, but with a radically
      different distribution among the classes from that in acutely ill patients.
      Within the model a half of the patients were allotted to the two lowest classes-
      Class 0 (Symptom-free) and Class 1 (Dysthymic States). When each set of items was
      considered separately and independently of the model, it was found that a half of
      the group professed to have recently experienced delusions. Affective states and
      depressive symptoms were reported by over a third of the patients.

PMID- 678741
TI  - The qualities of a good psychiatrist.

PMID- 678742
TI  - Factors influencing the response latencies of subnormal children in naming
      pictures.
AB  - The times taken to name 56 drawings of objects on five separate occasions were
      analysed for 21 ESN(M) and 21 ESN(S) children, matched for picture-naming
      vocabulary. The ESN(S) group not only had a higher mean response latency but also
      showed greater inter- and intra-subject variance. Nine objects were selected
      whose names have a Thorndike-Lorge language frequency of 50 words per million or
      greater, and nine others were selected with a frequency of less than 50 words per
      million. Each object was drawn in two ways, one giving a two-dimensional outline
      with the addition of important detail, the other drawing also incorporating cues
      indicating the depth of the object. An analysis of variance of the children's
      latencies in naming the selected 36 pictures of 18 objects over five trials
      indicated that the method of drawing had no effect upon naming latencies.
      Pictures with high-frequency names were named faster than those with lower
      frequency names, the ESN(S) group showing a greater rate of increase in naming
      latency for the lower frequency words than the ESN(M) children. Results were
      discussed in terms of the Oldfield and Lachman models of lexical memory storage
      and of the search processes required for the retrieval of names.

PMID- 678743
TI  - Monitoring the effects of increasing resource demands on the clarity of visual
      images.

PMID- 678745
TI  - The horizontal-vertical illusion and the square.

PMID- 678744
TI  - Memory effects in visual spatial information processing.
AB  - Eight, ten and twelve year old children were tested on a novel procedure
      involving the successive presentation of the standard and comparison stimuli. Two
      hypotheses were evaluated, one dealing with memory effects, and the other with
      children's pre-testing of choice responses in spatial information processing. It
      was found, in general, for both spatial perception and coordination of
      perspectives tasks, that there was no short memory decay for spatial information,
      but that opportunities to pre-test choice responses improved performance. It was
      inferred from these data that the performance superiority under simultaneous than
      successive conditions is attributable to opportunities to pre-test responses and
      not to memory effects, as opposed to successive conditions is attributable to
      opportunities to pre-test responses and not to memory effects.

PMID- 678746
TI  - Acquisition and performance difference between normal and mentally handicapped
      adults on a complex assembly task.
AB  - Several single studies concerned with work training with the mentally handicapped
      have been reported in the literature (Bitter & Bolanovich, 1966; Huddle, 1967;
      Gold, 1969; Screven, Straka & Lafond, 1971). Most have been concerned with issues
      of acquisition and motivation to perform. No studies have been reported which
      focus on the evaluation of different techniques of training or which assess rate
      of acquisition against that of non-handicapped controls. The aim of this
      experiment is twofold. It uses a complex task, analysed by MTM-2, to enable
      comparison between the performances of mentally handicapped adults and adults
      from a 'normal' population, in the acquisition of new work skills. Various
      strategies of training were compared and the increase in the rate and quality of
      performance following acquisition was measured for both, in terms of speed and
      accuracy of production. Results add further support for the notion that the
      potential of mentally handicapped individuals is commonly underestimated. It is
      hoped that the findings provide a basis from which further experiments can be
      developed and evaluated.

PMID- 678747
TI  - Evidence for language recoding in autistic, retarded and normal children: a re
      examination.
AB  - In a replication and extension of earlier studies by Hermelin & O'Connor,
      language recoding abilities in autistic, retarded and normal children matched for
      mental age and digit span, were compared in a verbal recall task. Random word
      lists, sentences, and anomalous sentences, eight or 12 items in length (for high
      and low memory span subgroups) were presented and the number of words recalled
      from each type of input was scored. All low span children recalled sentences
      better than random lists with normal children superior to retarded and autistic
      children and the latter group poorer than the retarded group. Autistic children
      showed a recency effect with both types of input. There were no group differences
      amongst high span children and sentences were again better recalled than random
      lists. In Expt II sentences were better recalled than anomalous sentences, with
      autistic and retarded children equivalent in performance and poorer than normal
      children. Although low span autistic children were clearly deficient in recall of
      sentence material when compared with the two control groups, the effect of
      conditions showed that they were able to use structure to improve recall. Since
      high span autistic children did not perform differently from controls it is
      suggested that results from this kind of study may not be generalizable, and that
      claims for a specific coding deficit in autistic children need further
      substantiation.

PMID- 678748
TI  - Computed tomography in spontaneous intracerebral haematomas.
AB  - The typical computed tomographic (CT) features of a recent intracerebral
      haematoma are a homogenous region of increased attenuation surrounded by a well
      demarcated relatively narrow low attenuation ring (LAR). The pathology of the LAR
      is controversial, but it corresponds well with a zone of ischaemic necrosis which
      is observed around most intracerebral haematomas exmined at autopsy. Observations
      are made on spontaneous intracerebral haematomas and on blood samples which
      confirm that extravasated blood clot undergoes a variable degree of retraction
      which is completed within six hours. This suggests that the LAR in recent
      haematoma is due to damage caused by the greater volume of the precontracted
      haemorrhage on the surrounding brain. CT abnormalities in intracerebral
      haematomas were studied; features which were useful in distinguishing spontaneous
      haematomas and those which affected prognosis are discussed.

PMID- 678749
TI  - The hip joint in Paget's disease (Paget's "coxopathy").
AB  - Three hundred patients with Paget's disease around the hip joint are compared
      with 300 control patients who did not have Paget's disease. The incidence of
      joint degeneration in the two groups is similar at all ages, and there appears to
      be no predisposition to joint degeneration in patients who have Paget's disease.
      A feature of the hip joints is that in approximately half there is joint
      narrowing to less than 3 mm affecting a portion or the whole of the joint
      surface, which, together with the incidence of protrusio acetabuli, is probably a
      specific manifestation of the joint changes associated with Paget's disease.

PMID- 678750
TI  - Renal tubular sludging of meglumine iodipamide (Biligrafin).
AB  - Linear densities which were thought to represent meglumine iodipamide were seen
      in the renal papillary tubules of three patients for respectively four, six and
      nine days following intravenous cholangiography (IVC). All three patients were
      children with hepato-biliary disease. Two patients had biliary roundworm
      infestation, and one patient had hepatic dysfunction and intestinal ascariasis
      with possible biliary involvement. Haematuria and renal enlargement were seen in
      one patient, but the cholangiogram was not conclusively implicated as a cause.
      This renal tubular "sludging" of biliary contrast medium is recorded because of
      its potential nephrotoxic significance. The possible causes are discussed.

PMID- 678751
TI  - The early development of the human skeleton: a radiographic study of fetuses
      impregnated with silver nitrate.
AB  - The use of a silver nitrate impregnation technique and radiography for
      delineation of the bones of the developing skeleton is not widely known. Using
      this method, a study of skeleton development was undertaken over a three-year
      period and special attention was paid to 20 fetuses under the age of 16 weeks.
      The dates at which ossification in cartilage occurred and the sequence of bone
      development were noted. Although the technique may be used to delineate skeletal
      dysplasias in the stillborn, it is best suited to fetuses aged 9--20 weeks. It
      may become possible to show the earliest age at which bone dysplasias affect the
      skeleton though this is speculative at the moment.

PMID- 678752
TI  - Pneumatosis intestinalis in children.
AB  - Pneumatosis intestinalis in children is well documented condition, and is
      accepted as a manifestation of differing gastrointestinal tract disorders such as
      mechanical obstruction, vascular disturbances of the bowel with or without
      bacterial contamination. However, the total spectrum of the mechanisms of
      production of pneumatosis is not yet fully understood. The presence of
      pneumatosis in necrotizing enterocolitis is a very serious condition and the
      mortality rate is very high. Transient ischaemia in infants due to perinatal
      stress is considered as an important aetiological factor. Gas in the portal
      venous system and pneumoperitoneum are also well-known associations. Gross
      peritonitis and perforation of the bowel are regarded as an indication for urgent
      surgery. Pneumatosis due to other causes follows a benign course, and does not
      influence the management.

PMID- 678753
TI  - Ultrasound and hepatic metastases.
AB  - Recent advances in ultrasonic technology have permitted differentiation of tissue
      within an organ. Fifty-nine patients in whom satisfactory follow-up could be
      obtained underwent grey-scale ultrasonic examination of their livers. Fifty-three
      patients were scanned successfully and of these a correct diagnosis as to whether
      metastases were present or not was given in 46. Ultrasound is a safe non-invasive
      way of detecting hepatic metastases.

PMID- 678754
TI  - An evaluation of the use of 99Tcm-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) as a static
      renal imaging agent.
AB  - The clinical value of 99Tcm-dimercaptosuccinic acid, utilized as a static renal
      imaging agent, has been analysed in 366 patients. It proved to be diagnostically
      most useful in space occupying lesions of the kidney when equivocal on IVU and
      provided useful additional information when used in the determination of divided
      renal function or the distribution of intrarenal function. Its use is
      contraindicated in the determination of divided renal function in obstructed
      kidneys because of accumulation of significant amounts of DMSA that are excreted
      by glomerular filtration. When DMSA uptake at three hours after injection is
      compared with 99Tcm-DPTA uptake from 90 to 150 seconds after bolus injection,
      there is a good correlation between the two methods of determination of divided
      renal function.

PMID- 678755
TI  - Response of aneurysmal bone cyst to low doses of cobalt 60 gamma radiation with
      prolonged treatment.
AB  - Successful treatment of two cases of aneurysmal bone cyst by cobalt 60 gamma
      radiation using low doses over prolonged periods (1400 rad in seven weeks and
      1600 rad in eight months) is reported. Follow-up of four to ten years duration
      does not reveal any recurrence or complications. The merit of low dose, prolonged
      interval irradiation over surgery is discussed. This technique is recommended for
      aneurysmal bone cysts in children, especially at inaccessible sites.

PMID- 678756
TI  - Implementation of the Philips treatment planning system for use in radiation
      teletherapy.
AB  - The Philips TPS is a dedicated computer system primarily for the calculation and
      display or radiotherapy dose distributions resulting from multiple field and
      rotational beam teletherapy techniques. Although a comprehensive range of
      planning facilities is offered by the system, including calculations in a number
      of parallel slices taken through the patient, the amount of basic data required
      to program the system is modest. This paper describes the beam checks which are
      necessary in order to obtain the input data, and then examines how well the
      computed radiation beams compare with independently measured isodose
      distributions. Other features of the system are discussed and an assessment of
      its operational reliability is given. The recently developed interstitial program
      is not examined here.

PMID- 678757
TI  - Mean skeletal dose factors for beta-particle emitters in human bone. Part I:
      volume-seeking radionuclides.
AB  - Based on calculations by Whitwell and Spiers, mean skeletal dose factors for beta
      particle emitters have been derived for application to dosimetry in nuclear
      medicine, radiobiology and radiation protection. The dose factors apply to bone
      seeking radionuclides that are depostited more or less uniformly throughout the
      human mineralized skeleton and are defined as: (1) vDM/DB, the mean dose to the
      haemopoietic marrow in trabecular bone as a fraction of the "dose to bone", DB;
      (2) vDs/DB, the mean dose to endosteal (osteogenic) tissue lying in a zone 0--10
      micron from trabecular surfaces, also as a fraction of the dose DB. Dose factors
      are given for three ages, 1.7, 9 and 44 years and for eight radionuclides,
      ranging in mean beta-particle energy from 0.05 MeV (14C) to 0.93 MeV (90Y). Dose
      factors, calculated for a single lumbar vertebra of an infant aged 3.5 weeks,
      enable approximate values of mean skeletal dose factors to be estimated for ages
      less than 1.7 years. Limited data are also reported on dose factors for the
      femoral cortex from subjects aged 9 and 50 years.

PMID- 678758
TI  - Ultrasonic measurement of renal inclination; its importance in measurement of
      renal length.

PMID- 678759
TI  - Solitary non-parasitic hepatic cyst presenting with jaundice.

PMID- 678760
TI  - Anterior vascular indentation of the oesophagus.

PMID- 678761
TI  - Cytotoxicity and radiosensitization in mouse and man.

PMID- 678762
TI  - Pitfalls in the use of in vitro survival curves for the determination of tumour
      cell survival with fractionated doses.

PMID- 678763
TI  - A lightweight breast applicator for setting up tangential fields.

PMID- 678764
TI  - Flagyl and radiation-induced chromosome breakage.

PMID- 678765
TI  - The injuries of terrorist bombing: a study of 1532 consecutive patients.
AB  - Of 1532 explosion victims only 9 died in hospital. Injury to the chest or
      abdominal organs was rare (10 patients of whom 5 died). Primary blast lung was
      apparent in only 2 patients. Major limb amputations occured in 16 patients of
      whom 4 died. None of the 50 patients with burns required skin grafts. Injuries
      were predominantly to the head and neck and limbs, suggesting the protective
      effect of clothing. Half of the patients suffered from emotional shock, most with
      no physical injury and 82 per cent of whom were female. Eighty-three per cent of
      patients arrived at hospital between 10.00 a.m. and 7.00 p.m.

PMID- 678766
TI  - Major arterial trauma: review of experience with 267 injuries.
AB  - Experience with 267 arterial injuries treated over a 3--4-year period is
      reported. Vessels in the lower limb were involved most commonly (43 per cent),
      but there was also a relatively high incidence of carotid (13 per cent) and
      subclavian (9 per cent) injuries in this series. Penetrating wounds (stab and
      gunshot) were most commonly responsible. We found that serious distal ischaemia
      is uncommon in upper limb injuries, but expanding haematoma at the root of the
      limb is a cause of mortality and serious morbidity. Selective use of preoperative
      angiography is recommended. Successful results follow liberal use of
      interposition grafts after wide excision of doubtful vessel, rigorous wound
      excision, delayed primary closure and fixation of associated fractures. Repair of
      concomitant venous injuries should always be attempted but is more important in
      the lower than the upper limb. Late revascularization in the presence of critical
      ischaemia yields a 50 per cent limb salvage rate, but great care must be taken to
      avoid renal insufficiency and, if it occurs, energetic treatment is necessary for
      survival.

PMID- 678767
TI  - Isolated complete transection of the common bile duct by blunt abdominal trauma.
AB  - Isolated complete transection of the common bile duct due to blunt trauma is
      rare. Its occurrence and successful treatment in an 8-year-old boy are described.
      Inital minor peritonism resolved quickly, followed by a deceptive asymptomatic
      period and insidious development of jaundice, anorexia, vomiting, pain, acholic
      stools and progressive abdominal distension due to sterile biliary ascites. A
      preliminary cholecystostomy was followed by construction of a Roux-en-Y
      cholecystojejunostomy.

PMID- 678768
TI  - Intrathoracic rupture of the spleen.
AB  - The case is reported of a 15-year-old girl who presented following trauma and was
      found to have a massive congenital diaphragmatic hernia through the foramen of
      Bochdalek. The spleen, which was intrathoracic, had ruptured. No other similar
      cases have been reported in the literature hitherto.

PMID- 678769
TI  - Depot penicillin as prophylaxis in accidental wounds.
AB  - A series of 285 patients attending an accident and emergency department with
      wounds which required suturing was divided at random into two equal groups. The
      first group received a single dose of depot penicillin at the time of suture and
      the second group received no antibiotic cover. The incidence of subsequent wound
      infections was not significantly reduced in patients who received penicillin.

PMID- 678770
TI  - Use of the carbon dioxide laser in an abdominoperineal resection for epidermoid
      anal carcinoma: a case report.
AB  - An abdominoperineal excision of the rectum was performed on a 52-year-old male
      who had epidermoid anal carcinoma. A steel scalpel was utilized for the abdominal
      component, but the entire perineal resection was accomplished with a carbon
      dioxide laser beam. We believe this to be the first reported case of an
      abdominoperineal resection using this new modality, which may become a useful and
      modern adjunct in extirpative surgery. The haemostatic effects of the laser were
      well demonstrated in our patient.

PMID- 678771
TI  - The effect of reversed jejunal segments on the myoelectrical activity of the
      small bowel.
AB  - Short reversed jejunal segments increase intestinal transit time clinically. In
      view of the correlation between motility and myoelectrical activity, we have
      investigated the effect of jejunal reversal and transection on the latter in 10
      mongrel dogs. There is a significant decrease in the basic electrical rate in and
      below both transected and reversed jejunal segments. There is a 3 per cent
      incidence of retrograde electrical activity within a transected segment and a 24
      per cent incidence in the intestine distal to it. In reversed segments the
      incidence of retrograde activity is 60 per cent within the reversed segment and
      61 per cent in the jejunum distal to it.

PMID- 678772
TI  - Adenocarcinoma arising in a duplication of the rectum.
AB  - A case of adenocarcinoma arising within a rectal duplication is reported.

PMID- 678773
TI  - Peritoneal dialysis in obstructive jaundice: an experimental study.
AB  - Rats were subjected to common bile duct ligation, after which intermittent
      peritoneal dialysis with a buffered solution containing rat plasma proteins was
      carried out in an attempt to reduce plasma bilirubin levels. Plasma bilirubin
      increased significantly (P less than 0.01) on the seventh day and was still
      rising 12 days after ligation of the common bile duct. Dialysis was performed
      during the second postoperative week. Provided that rat plasma protein was
      present in the dialysing fluid, dialysis significantly reduced (P less than 0.01)
      the levels of total plasma bilirubin, conjugated bilirubin and serum GPT in the
      experimental animals.

PMID- 678774
TI  - An isotope clearance method for measurement of liver blood flow during
      portasystemic shunt in man.
AB  - The clearance from the surface of the liver of krypton 85 following its injection
      into the portal vein was measured in 10 patients. Six control patients (i.e.
      those not suffering from portal hypertension) averaged flow values of 142 ml per
      100 g liver weight per min. A repeat flow estimation in these patients was not
      significantly different. Four patients with portal hypertension were studied. In
      2 with congenital hepatic fibrosis the portal vein was temporarily occluded to
      allow prediction of the degree of hepatic perfusion likely to be achieved by the
      hepatic artery alone after portal deviation. The flow after portal venous
      clamping was unaffected in one of these cases but reduced by 45 per cent in the
      other. In a patient undergoing a Warren distal splenorenal shunt there was no
      change in flow after the procedure. If measurements are performed before and
      during temporary portal vein occlusion, an assessment of the flow reduction to be
      expected after a shunt procedure can be made. We suggest that a knowledge of
      liver tissue perfusion might influence the choice of operative procedure.

PMID- 678775
TI  - Non-operative treatment of retained bile duct calculi in patients with an
      indwelling T tube.
AB  - The results of combined instrumental and chemical treatment of retained bile duct
      calculi in 18 patients with an indwelling T tube are reported. The instrumental
      extraction of stones was carried out through the T tube channel using a modified
      Dormia apparatus. The chemical method involved continuous infusion through the T
      tube of heparin in saline alternating with sodium cholate. The treatment was
      successful in 16 of 18 patients with from 1 to 14 residual stones. The
      instrumental extraction of stones is recommended as the treatment of choice 5--6
      weeks after choledochotomy in patients with residual stones and an indwelling T
      tube. Subsequent chemical treatment is recommended if remnants of stones are left
      in the bile duct after instrumental treatment.

PMID- 678776
TI  - Clinical experience with silicone rubber grafts as shunts in portal hypertension.
AB  - We report the use of a woven silicone rubber graft as an alternative prosthesis
      for a shunt in 8 patients with portal hypertension. Four patients were operated
      on as emergencies and 4 electively. In 4 cases the graft was used as a standard
      mesocaval H graft, in 2 as a portocaval H graft and in 2 cases it was used to
      simplify the Warren selective distal splenorenal shunt. The material has
      properties which make it a superior graft to existing prostheses and autogenous
      vein. Our results confirm the experience of others, that the poor risk patients
      do badly whatever form of shunt is performed, and of those who survive, the total
      portal shunt carries the risk of postoperative encephalopathy.

PMID- 678777
TI  - Aneurysms of the extracranial carotid arteries.
AB  - Aneurysms of the extracranial carotid arteries are unusual; they present
      difficulties in diagnosis and may cause death or cerebrovascular accidents in a
      majority of patients. This report describes three different types of aneurysm of
      the carotid arteries and their presentation and discusses their management.

PMID- 678778
TI  - The disalienation of the NHS.

PMID- 678779
TI  - Respiratory viruses and cot death.
AB  - Respiratory viruses and histological appearances of the lung were studied
      prospectively in an unselected series of 104 children who died between 1 week and
      2 years of age. Thirty-one of the cases were cot deaths. Seven of these showed
      evidence of active virus infection in the lower respiratory tract. Similar
      evidence was found in two children who died from known causes and did not have a
      severe respiratory illness terminally. Although in some cases of cot death
      respiratory viruses may be responsible for a severe and rapidly overwhelming
      illness, the present results are compatible with an alternative hypothesis
      namely, that minor respiratory illness may trigger sudden apnoea.

PMID- 678780
TI  - Orbital cellulitis related to an influenza A virus epidemic.

PMID- 678781
TI  - Sodium nitroprusside and renovascular hypertension.

PMID- 678782
TI  - Anorexia nervosa and Turner's syndrome.

PMID- 678783
TI  - Sexual intercourse and angina pectoris.

PMID- 678784
TI  - Proliferative retinopathy in a patient with diabetes mellitus and idiopathic
      haemochromatosis.

PMID- 678785
TI  - High circulating concentrations of glucagon in non-anaemic uraemic patients.

PMID- 678786
TI  - Deaths in cold water.

PMID- 678787
TI  - Ankylosing spondylitis presenting as PUO.

PMID- 678788
TI  - PUVA.

PMID- 678789
TI  - Neural tube defects and immunoreactive beta-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in
      amniotic fluid.

PMID- 678790
TI  - Abuse of pentazocine.

PMID- 678791
TI  - Priests or engineers?

PMID- 678792
TI  - Changing attitudes in medicine.

PMID- 678794
TI  - Home or hospital?

PMID- 678793
TI  - Prevention or cure?

PMID- 678795
TI  - Changing strategy of health care.

PMID- 678796
TI  - Children who cannot read.

PMID- 678797
TI  - Fetal haemoglobin, sickling, and thalassaemia: a therapeutic lead?

PMID- 678798
TI  - Contribution of general practitioner hospitals in England and Wales.
AB  - A survey of a one-in-seven sample of general practitioner hospitals in England
      and Wales, performed to determine the contribution they make to overall hospital
      work load and the attitudes of the general practitioners working in them, showed
      that 3% of acute hospital beds in England and Wales were in general practitioner
      hospitals, which provided initial hospital care for up to 20% of the population.
      Altogether 16% of general practitioners and 22% of consultants were on the
      staffs, and they coped with more than 13% of all casualties, 6% of operations,
      and 4% of x-ray examinations. Nearly a million casualties were treated at no cost
      to the National Health Service. Twenty new district general hospitals would be
      needed to cope with the work load currently dealt with by general practitioner
      hospitals. The results of this survey indicate that these smaller hospitals deal
      efficiently and cheaply with their work load, and that morale is high. General
      practitioner hospitals could have an important part to play in providing certain
      types of care, but there are no financial incentives to enable general
      practitioners to realise this potential fully.

PMID- 678800
TI  - "Proceed with the pricing".

PMID- 678799
TI  - Benefits of total hip replacement to older patients and the community.
AB  - The benefits of total hip replacement in 49 people aged 55-84 with osteoarthrosis
      of the hip were evaluated. The main benefit was relief of symptoms, 40 patients
      being pain free after operation. Range of hip movement and mobility improved
      moderately in most patients. After operation most patients were better able to
      perform certain activities of daily life, though only six were completely
      independent, the rest requiring aids or help from others. Nevertheless, 18 of the
      patients' main helpers estimated that they had more time free of tasks previously
      performed for the patient. There was a small reduction in the need for community
      medical resources such as home visits from general practitioners or district
      nurses. Thirteen patients were still taking antiarthritic drugs. Older patients
      needed to spend longer in hospital after operation because of complications. It
      was concluded that total hip replacement contributed to improving the quality of
      life of patients and their helpers, while also helping to reduce the demand for
      community health and welfare services.

PMID- 678801
TI  - Use of antibiotics. Cephalosporins.

PMID- 678802
TI  - Getting the NHS back on course.

PMID- 678804
TI  - Developmental surveillance in general practice.

PMID- 678803
TI  - Family health services and vital statistics: lessons from Singapore.

PMID- 678805
TI  - Once- versus twice-daily insulin for diabetic children.

PMID- 678806
TI  - If I had.

PMID- 678807
TI  - Blood-pressure control round the clock.

PMID- 678808
TI  - Frequency and dysuria in women.

PMID- 678809
TI  - Comparison of the tine and Mantoux tuberculin tests.

PMID- 678810
TI  - Vision screening in children.

PMID- 678811
TI  - Preventing fat embolism.

PMID- 678812
TI  - Treatment of pneumonia.

PMID- 678813
TI  - Kidney failure in liver disease.

PMID- 678814
TI  - Legalisation of cannabis.

PMID- 678815
TI  - Confidentiality of medical records.

PMID- 678816
TI  - Aortography in infantile coarctation.

PMID- 678817
TI  - Housing and violence to children.

PMID- 678818
TI  - Disposable clothing for operating theatre staff.

PMID- 678819
TI  - Maintenance treatment of duodenal ulcer with cimetidine.

PMID- 678820
TI  - Sweet cigarettes.

PMID- 678821
TI  - The preregistration year.

PMID- 678822
TI  - Future of British anaesthetics.

PMID- 678823
TI  - Pay of hospital junior staff.

PMID- 678824
TI  - Private day cases and outpatient diagnostic services.

PMID- 678825
TI  - Who decides? Patterns of authority.

PMID- 678826
TI  - Back-up for screening for breast cancer.

PMID- 678827
TI  - Rape and the laboratory.

PMID- 678828
TI  - Medical audit and continuing education.

PMID- 678829
TI  - Failure to detect intra-abdominal metastases from breast cancer: a case for
      staging laparotomy.
AB  - Two studies were performed to assess the accuracy of non-invasive methods in
      detecting intra-abdominal metastases from breast cancer. Firstly, the sites of
      spread detected at the time of first presentation with metastases were compared
      with the sites of spread shown at necropsy in the same patients. Although about
      two-thirds of the patients with bone and lung metastases at necropsy had had
      metastases detected at these sites when they first presented with metastases,
      only a third of the patients with liver metastases and none of those with other
      intra-abdominal metastases had had evidence of disease at first presentation with
      metastases. The second study confirmed a poor detection rate of liver and other
      intra-abdominal metastases in patients with breast cancer undergoing laparotomy
      and oophorectomy who were staged immediately before operation.Pre-mastectomy
      staging laparotomy should be considered in those patients with primary breast
      cancer who are most likely to have disseminated disease beyond the regional
      nodes. In the presence of occult gross metastases detected by staging laparotomy,
      mastectomy will not provide additional protection against loca recurrence of
      disease. Patients with occult gross metastases should also be excluded from
      studies on adjuvant chemotherapy (designed to treat micrometastases). Aggressive
      methods of staging are justified to protect the patient as far as possible
      against unnecessary mastectomy and to identify those patients who should be
      treated by therapeutic chemotherapy rather than adjuvant chemotherapy.

PMID- 678830
TI  - Comparison of performance of various sphygmomanometers with intra-arterial blood
      pressure readings.
AB  - Seven types of sphygmomanometer were used in random order on each of nine
      hypertensive patients and the readings compared with simultaneous intra-arterial
      blood-pressure recordings. All the devices gave significantly different values
      for systolic pressure, and only two measured diastolic pressure without
      significant error. Systolic pressure was consistently underestimated (range 31-7
      mm Hg), and all but one instrument overestimated diastolic pressure (range 10-2
      mm Hg). The variability of readings was least with the standard mercury
      sphygmomanometer and the random-zero machine, while with some of the more
      automated devices single readings were in error up to -68/33 mm Hg. The strong
      correlations found between intra-arterial and cuff systolic pressures with all
      devices tested and significant correlations for diastolic pressure with all but
      one device indicate that, with one possible exception, the sphygmomanometers
      would give accurate results where a change in blood pressure was the main
      concern.

PMID- 678831
TI  - Oxamniquine for treating Schistosoma mansoni infection in Sudan.
AB  - The efficacy and acceptability of oral oxamniquine were assessed in Sudanese
      patients infected with Schistosoma mansoni. Cure rates, determined by the absence
      of viable eggs in the stools six months after treatment, were 94.9% in patients
      treated with a total of 60 mg/kg, 78.8% in patients treated with 40 mg/kg, and
      68.9% in patients treated with 30 mg/kg. All treatment regimens considerably
      reduced the egg count in those patients not cured. The drug was well tolerated
      and the side effects were minimal and transient, the most common being dizziness.
      Most of the patients noticed a reddish discoloration of their urine, which was
      probably caused by a metabolite of the drug. In patients who received 60 mg/kg
      oxamniquine there were transient rises in eosinophil counts and in serum alanine
      aminotransferase concentrations. Though 60 mg/kg was by far the most effective
      dose in terms of cure rate, egg counts were significantly reduced on all three
      doses. The lower doses could therefore be useful in a low-cost control programme
      in reducing transmission of S mansoni infection.

PMID- 678832
TI  - Sulphamethoxazole, hypoalbuminaemia, crystalluria, and renal failure.

PMID- 678833
TI  - Stimulated sweating in chronic renal failure.

PMID- 678834
TI  - Inosine in preserving renal function during ischaemic renal surgery.

PMID- 678835
TI  - Permanent insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus after congenital temporary diabetes
      mellitus.

PMID- 678836
TI  - Screening for breast cancer. Report from Edinburgh Breast Screening Clinic.
AB  - As part of a trial to determine the feasibility of screening for breast cancer,
      3952 women aged 40--59 years were screened once or more over two years. They
      represented 82% of those invited by a personal letter from their GPs. Each woman
      underwent mammography, two clinical examinations, and, usually, thermography.
      Further investigations included needle aspiration of cysts, xeromammography, and
      biopsy. Of the 125 women who underwent biopsy, 18 proved to have cancer. Because
      of the high response rate and consequent large sample of normal women the biopsy
      and cancer detection rates were low. Clinical examination and mammography
      together were more effective in detecting significant lesions than either
      procedure alone, and knowledge of the mammographic findings enabled the examiner
      to detect more abnormalities. Screening was expensive: each cancer detected cost
      about 6000 pounds, excluding data processing, surgical, and pathological costs.
      The clinic has now adopted a more simplified screening regimen, which should
      reduce costs, but more accurate imaging techniques and ways of identifying high
      risk cases are needed.

PMID- 678837
TI  - Screening for breast cancer. Statement by British Breast Group.

PMID- 678838
TI  - Bone scanning in breast cancer. Preliminary statement by British Breast Group on
      Bone Scanning.

PMID- 678839
TI  - Use of antibiotics. Septicaemia.

PMID- 678840
TI  - Do drug offences matter?
AB  - Drug offences in addicts are often thought to indicate little more than continued
      dependency. In a four-year follow-up study of 60 men attending a drug clinic a
      history of repeated convictions for drug offences was found to be strongly
      related to patterns of delinquency. The following variables were associated with
      a history of repeated drug offences: a higher conviction rate for "non-drug"
      offences; younger age at first conviction; conviction preceding drug use;
      convictions for offences of sex and violence; longer prison sentences; and
      regular narcotic use and continued dependency at follow-up. Receiving a clinic
      prescription was not associated with a lower incidence of drug offences. Repeated
      drug offences identified a subgroup of drug users who were characterised by
      extensive sociopathic behaviour. Such offences should not be dismissed as an
      unavoidable, unimportant part of addiction.

PMID- 678841
TI  - Expectations of a pregnant woman in relation to her treatment.

PMID- 678843
TI  - Spontaneous abortion and fetal abnormality in subsequent pregnancy.

PMID- 678842
TI  - Adjuvant chemotherapy in T3 bladder cancer.

PMID- 678844
TI  - Thyroid extract.

PMID- 678845
TI  - Living with artificial valves.

PMID- 678846
TI  - Drug treatment card.

PMID- 678847
TI  - Oesophagitis as a side effect of emepronium.

PMID- 678848
TI  - Standardisation and safety.

PMID- 678849
TI  - Uniform style for biomedical journals.

PMID- 678850
TI  - Genital infections and cervical carcinoma.

PMID- 678851
TI  - Epidemic myalgic encephalomyelitis.

PMID- 678852
TI  - Treatment of ulcerative colitis.

PMID- 678853
TI  - Spontaneous remission of nephrotic syndrome in amyloidosis.

PMID- 678854
TI  - Alcohol and the blood.

PMID- 678855
TI  - Snakes and snake bite.

PMID- 678856
TI  - Nutrition and the brain.

PMID- 678857
TI  - "Innovation in the Pharmaceutical industry".

PMID- 678858
TI  - Factors affecting length of hospital stay.

PMID- 678859
TI  - Inappropriate use of tricyclic antidepressants.

PMID- 678860
TI  - Utility of needle aspiration of tumours.

PMID- 678861
TI  - Factors influencing the incidence of neonatal jaundice.

PMID- 678863
TI  - Non-epileptic television syncope.

PMID- 678862
TI  - Lymphatic fistula: a complication of arterial surgery.

PMID- 678864
TI  - Windows in operating theatres.

PMID- 678865
TI  - Myelography and epidural double-catheter venography.

PMID- 678866
TI  - Carcinoma of the male breast and oestrogen metabolism.

PMID- 678867
TI  - Where are the untreated depressives?

PMID- 678868
TI  - Confidentiality of medical records.

PMID- 678869
TI  - General practice records.

PMID- 678870
TI  - Out-of-hours use of clinical pathologists.

PMID- 678872
TI  - A solution for preclinical departments.

PMID- 678871
TI  - Registrar redistribution.

PMID- 678873
TI  - Future of British anaesthetics.

PMID- 678874
TI  - Item-of-service payments to general practitioners.

PMID- 678875
TI  - A "new" influenza virus.

PMID- 678876
TI  - Supplying the NHS.

PMID- 678877
TI  - Clues in Perthes's disease.

PMID- 678878
TI  - What should he eat, doctor?

PMID- 678879
TI  - Arginine vasopressin in health and disease.

PMID- 678880
TI  - The nulliparous patient, the IUD, and subsequent fertility.

PMID- 678881
TI  - Children's Joint Committee.

PMID- 678882
TI  - Behcet's disease.

PMID- 678883
TI  - Perinatal mortality and morbidity associated with eclampsia.
AB  - Out of all the women who were delivered in Cardiff maternity units during 1965
      74, 43 developed eclampsia, an incidence of 72/100 000 deliveries. The incidence
      in residents of Cardiff was 53/100 000 deliveries. None of the mothers with
      eclampsia died, but 10 of the 47 babies were lost, all but one having been born
      to women with antepartum eclampsia. The perinatal deaths were mainly associated
      with chronic placental insufficiency and preterm delivery. The extent to which
      the wide range of complex drug regimens used influenced perinatal outcome is not
      clear, although polypharmacy should be avoided. Because eclampsia is rare we
      advocate that its management should be planned and rehearsed and that a simple,
      standardised treatment regimen should be used. Failing placental function may be
      detected by monitoring fetal growth by ultrasound.

PMID- 678884
TI  - Delayed small-intestinal transit in tropical malabsorption.
AB  - The time of breath hydrogen appearance (T) after oral lactulose was determined in
      98 patients in London who had been to the tropics. Fifty-six controls from three
      different ethnic groups had no evidence of gastrointestinal disease; 23 had
      tropical malabsorption, which was severe in 10; and 19 had chronic diarrhoea
      without malabsorption. Mean T was significantly delayed in patients with tropical
      malabsorption compared with controls, indicating that their mouth-caecum transit
      rate was abnormally slow. In six patients with tropical malabsorption who were
      reinvestigated after treatment a fall in the value for T seemed to parallel
      clinical improvement. Three patients with diarrhoea due to chronic colonic
      disease had delayed T. Patients with tropical malabsorption have bacterial
      colonisation of the small intestine, which is important in the pathogenesis of
      the disease. Bacterial overgrowth, which sometimes occurs after infective
      diarrhoea in the tropics and gives rise to tropical sprue, is a result of stasis.

PMID- 678885
TI  - Dyspnoea, disability, and distance walked: comparison of estimates of exercise
      performance in respiratory disease.
AB  - Forty-four patients with airway obstruction and 18 with pulmonary infiltration
      were studied in an attempt to correlate exercise tolerance, as assessed by a
      simple walking test, with basic respiratory function values and differing
      subjective assessments of exercise performance. The distance walked in 12 minutes
      was significantly correlated with the response to a structured questionnaire and
      with the patients' assessment of performance using an oxygen-cost diagram. The
      distance walked did not agree well with simple subjective estimates obtained in
      the clinical history. It was better correlated with forced vital capacity than
      with forced expiratory volume in one second in both groups of patients, and was
      well correlated with carbon monoxide transfer factor in those with pulmonary
      infiltration. The scatter of results, however, was such that exercise performance
      could not usefully be predicted from the respiratory function values or from
      subjective assessments. Simple exercise tests are an essential part of assessing
      disability and response to treatment in patients with respiratory impairment.

PMID- 678886
TI  - Weight reduction in a blood pressure clinic.
AB  - Forty-nine hypertensive patients who were overweight were randomly allocated to
      one of three strategies for attaining weight reduction and were followed for one
      year. Those referred to a dietitian lost more weight (mean 5.1 kg) than those
      given a diet sheet (mean 2.64 kg) or simply advised by the doctor to reduce
      weight (mean 2.15 kg). One-third of all the patients lost 6 kg or more.
      Successful weight loss was associated with a highly significant and substantial
      improvement in blood pressure control and with less frequent increases in
      antihypertensive treatment.

PMID- 678888
TI  - Alcohol-induced pain in secondary syphilis.

PMID- 678887
TI  - Scope of surgery for intracranial aneurysm in the elderly: a preliminary report.
AB  - Thirty-two elderly patients were reviewed six months to six years after
      intracranial surgery for subarachnoid haemorrhage. Out of 24 patients whose
      surgical outcome had been satisfactory, one had died from an unrelated illness
      and the remainder were well and leading normal lives. Eight patients had a poor
      outcome, which in some cases was due to factors other than age. In only three
      could a poor outcome be attributed to early surgery and advanced age. The results
      confirm that in at least three-quarters of patients aged 60-65 the risk of
      further haemorrhage can be removed by surgery without causing a major
      neurological deficit.

PMID- 678889
TI  - Improved method of transvenous liver biopsy.

PMID- 678890
TI  - Immunisation of adults against diphtheria.

PMID- 678891
TI  - Increased prevalence of epilepsy in coeliac disease.

PMID- 678893
TI  - Osmotic fragility of erythrocytes in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

PMID- 678892
TI  - Haemodialysis-triggered asthma.

PMID- 678895
TI  - Circadian variation in an immune response in man.

PMID- 678894
TI  - Endoscopic removal of a swallowed ball bearing from stomach of a 4-year-old
      child.

PMID- 678896
TI  - Unusual submandibular swelling.

PMID- 678897
TI  - Sympathetic overactivity in tetanus: fatality associated with propranolol.

PMID- 678898
TI  - Mental illness in school teachers.

PMID- 678899
TI  - Use of antibiotics. Meningitis.

PMID- 678901
TI  - Child health and computer confidentiality.

PMID- 678900
TI  - Clinical check list for diagnosis of dementia.
AB  - A clinical check list for testing speech and parietal function as well as memory
      was used on 200 people admitted to a psychogeriatric assessment unit and repeated
      four to six weeks later, to see whether those with true dementias could be
      identified. The finding of errors in all three areas, particularly at the second
      test, accurately predicted cases with a poor outcome at six months follow-up.
      Amnesia alone was an unreliable indicator of dementia.

PMID- 678902
TI  - Getting the NHS back on course.

PMID- 678903
TI  - "Innovation in the pharmaceutical industry".

PMID- 678904
TI  - Cephalosporin activity.

PMID- 678905
TI  - Hypertension and oral contraceptives.

PMID- 678906
TI  - Children who cannot read.

PMID- 678907
TI  - Contamination of sterile fluids.

PMID- 678908
TI  - Hazard of chemical sympathectomy.

PMID- 678909
TI  - Thrombocytopenia and subclavian cannulation.

PMID- 678910
TI  - Comparison of the tine and Mantoux tuberculin tests.

PMID- 678911
TI  - Spurious polycythaemia resolving during observation.

PMID- 678912
TI  - Schizophrenic neurasthenic defect.

PMID- 678913
TI  - Economising on drugs.

PMID- 678914
TI  - Patients' responses to barium x-ray studies.

PMID- 678915
TI  - Surgical approaches and drug treatment in the carcinoid syndrome.

PMID- 678916
TI  - Replacement therapy in Turner's syndrome.

PMID- 678917
TI  - Who decides? Patterns of authority.

PMID- 678918
TI  - Money for old rope.

PMID- 678919
TI  - Breathing other people's smoke.

PMID- 678920
TI  - Using auxiliaries.

PMID- 678921
TI  - Dichloroacetate.

PMID- 678922
TI  - Stroke after acute myocardial infarction: relation to infarct size.
AB  - In a consecutive series of 783 patients with acute myocardial infarction, 13
      (1.7%) suffered a stroke. In all but one case the strokes occurred among the 255
      patients whose peak creatine kinase (CK) concentrations fell in the upper third
      of the range of values (over 1160 IU/l, about eight times the upper limit of
      normal); the exception was a patient with a pre-existing ventricular aneurysm.
      The incidence of stroke in the patients with CK over 1160 IU/l was 4.7%, 24 times
      the incidence when peak CK was below this value (0.2%). Higher peak serum enzyme
      concentrations were associated with an even higher incidence of stroke.
      Comparison of peak enzyme concentrations with cumulated CK showed a close
      correlation (r = 0.90 with peak CK; r = 0.85 with peak aspartate transaminase),
      suggesting that the peak enzyme values reflected infarct size. Thus the risk of
      stroke after infarction was a function of the size of the myocardial infarct; two
      thirds of the patients had negligible risk of stroke and did not need
      anticoagulant prophylaxis.

PMID- 678923
TI  - Effect of cigarette smoking on gastric emptying.
AB  - Gastric emptying after a test meal was studied in 17 normal volunteers--10
      habitual smokers and seven non-smokers. The solid component of the test meal was
      labelled with technetium and the liquid component with indium. After one meal the
      habitual smokers smoked two cigarettes. Emptying curves were produced for both
      technetium and indium, and the differences between curves for meals with and
      without cigarettes were analysed. Cigarette smoking accelerated the rate at which
      the liquid component of a meal left the stomach. This may be important in the
      pathogenesis of duodneal ulcer and the delay in healing caused by cigarette
      smoking.

PMID- 678924
TI  - Epidemiology of adverse drug reactions to phenformin and metformin.
AB  - Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to phenformin and metformin reported to the Swedish
      Adverse Drug Reaction Committee during 1965--77 were analysed in relation to
      sales and prescription data. The biguanides accounted for 0.6% of all reported
      adverse drug reactions but for 6% of the fatal cases (all phenformin). Sixty-four
      ADRs to phenformin and eight to metformin were classified as causal relation
      "probable" or "not excluded." Fifty-one of these reactions (71%) were lactic
      acidosis, all but one being reactions to phenformin. After 1973 phenformin was
      prescribed less in Sweden and metformin became predominant. A nationwide
      prescription survey during 1975--6 disclosed no differences in age and sex
      between patients receiving phenformin and metformin. The mean daily doses
      prescribed in 1976 were 74 mg of phenformin and 1.5 g of metformin. The numbers
      of ADRs to the two drugs reported during 1975--7 were related to use. The
      relative incidences of ADRs reported for phenformin and metformin did not differ.
      Significantly more cases of lactic acidosis and deaths were reported for
      phenformin.

PMID- 678925
TI  - Measurement of capillary blood glucose in filter-paper spots: an aid to the
      assessment of diabetic control.
AB  - A method of measuring glucose in capillary blood spotted on to filter paper was
      evaluated. Between-batch reproducibility was about 6%, and the glucose remained
      stable in the spots for up to four days. Adoption of the method should improve
      control of diabetes, particularly insulin-dependent forms.

PMID- 678926
TI  - Listeria monocytogenes causing hospital-acquired enterocolitis and meningitis in
      newborn infants.

PMID- 678927
TI  - Injury to the appendix after blunt abdominal trauma.

PMID- 678928
TI  - Squamous cell carcinoma of bronchus presenting with Henoch-Schonlein purpura.

PMID- 678929
TI  - Cyanoacrylate adhesive for foreign body removal.

PMID- 678930
TI  - Continuous infusion of frusemide in refractory oedema.

PMID- 678931
TI  - Paracetamol poisoning in children.

PMID- 678932
TI  - Pseudomembranous colitis in a colostomy.

PMID- 678933
TI  - Selecting equipment for elderly patients in hospital.

PMID- 678934
TI  - Use of antibiotics. Endocarditis.

PMID- 678935
TI  - Drug firms' co-operation in clinical trials.

PMID- 678936
TI  - Nursing shortages in NHS hospitals.

PMID- 678937
TI  - Health service planning and medical education.

PMID- 678938
TI  - Training in community medicine.

PMID- 678939
TI  - Housing, health, and illness.

PMID- 678940
TI  - Prevalence of anorexia nervosa.

PMID- 678941
TI  - Physiological aspects of the menopausal hot flush.

PMID- 678942
TI  - Treatment of hypertensive emergencies with oral labetalol.

PMID- 678943
TI  - Do people smoke for nicotine?

PMID- 678944
TI  - Lithium carbonate and tetracycline interaction.

PMID- 678945
TI  - Comparison of the tine and Mantoux tuberculin tests.

PMID- 678946
TI  - Treatment of hyperhidrosis.

PMID- 678947
TI  - Cardiac signs for students.

PMID- 678948
TI  - Levodopa in senile dementia.

PMID- 678949
TI  - Rubella embryopathy.

PMID- 678950
TI  - Weight reduction in a blood pressure clinic.

PMID- 678951
TI  - Assessment of fetal movement.

PMID- 678952
TI  - Communication in hospital.

PMID- 678953
TI  - Management of severe acute asthma.

PMID- 678954
TI  - Lack of proliferation of circulating white blood cells in patients with syphilis
      before and after a Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction.
AB  - The occurrence of lymphoblasts in peripheral blood, measured by incorporating
      tritiated thymidine ([3H]dThd), was studied before, during, and after a Jarisch
      Herxheimer reaction in patients with early syphilis. No difference in [3H]dThd
      incorporation into peripheral white blood cells was found between five patients
      with syphilis and 19 healthy controls, whereas in 20 cord blood samples [3H]dThd
      incorporation was significantly increased.

PMID- 678955
TI  - Lymphocyte reactivity in patients with gonococcal urethritis.
AB  - Lymphocyte reactivity to virulent gonococcal antigen T2 and the non-pathogenic
      Neisseria pharyngis (NPN) has been studied by using the 14C-thymidine uptake in
      cell cultures from 42 patients with gonococcal urethritis and from 18 controls.
      The DNA synthesis in cell cultures with T2 antigen was higher in 21 female
      patients than in the 18 controls. No differences in DNA synthesis were observed
      in antigen-stimulated cell cultures from patients with single or multiple
      infections, from patients with urogenital complication, or from controls.
      Gonococcal antibodies in the serum were detected by the gonococcal complement
      fixation test (GCFT). A study of the possible correlation between the outcome of
      the serological test and the cellular response to gonococcal antigen showed that
      14C-thymidine uptake in lymphocyte cultures from male patients with negative
      GCFT, stimulated with T2 antigen, was much lower than the thymidine uptake in
      stimulated cell cultures from all the other male and female patients (P less than
      0.001). The DNA synthesis was higher in cell cultures from seronegative women
      than from seronegative men (P less than 0.01). A significant difference (P less
      than 0.01) was also noted in the lymphocyte reactivity to gonococcal antigen
      between controls and all patients, except in those men who gave negative results
      to the serological tests. There were no differences between these two groups with
      respect to the thymidine uptake in NPN-stimulated cell cultures.

PMID- 678956
TI  - Talampicillin and probenecid compared with ampicillin and probenecid for the
      treatment of gonococcal urethritis in men.
AB  - Two hundred and ten men suffering from uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis were
      treated with one of two treatment schedules. Of 109 patients treated with 3 g
      ampicillin and 2 g probenecid (group A) there were two recurrences in the first
      week after treatment and none in the second week. Of 101 patients treated with
      1.5 g talampicillin and 2 g probenecid (group B), there were three recurrences in
      the first week and none in the second week. Both antibiotics were well tolerated,
      but one patient vomited two hours after taking talampicillin. The sensitivity
      pattern of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to penicillin at The London Hospital has shown
      an increase in the proportion of more sensitive strains during the last three
      years. Talampicillin given in a single dose with probenecid is satisfactory in
      the treatment of acute gonococcal urethritis but, apart from the smaller dosage,
      it does not offer any advantage over ampicillin with probenecid.

PMID- 678957
TI  - Changes in the incidence of acute gonococcal and nongonococcal salpingitis. A
      five-year study from an urban area of central Sweden.
AB  - The incidence of acute gonococcal and nongonococcal salpingitis for a five-year
      period (1970--74) was studied retrospectively in an urban area of central Sweden.
      The investigation was undertaken to see if the reported decrease of gonorrhoea in
      Sweden had been followed by a change in the incidence of gonococcal salpingitis-
      the most common complication of gonorrhoea. The study showed that the relative
      incidence of acute gonococcal salpingitis had decreased even more than urogenital
      gonorrhoea and these findings thus indicate a real decrease of gonorrhoea. At the
      same time there were more patients with nongonococcal salpingitis. During the
      period of the study the gonococcal complement-fixation test (GCFT) gave positive
      results in 40% to 80% of the patients with gonococcal salpingitis. The yield with
      this test was only 4% in patients with nongonococcal salpingitis during 1970 but
      it increased successively and was 23% in 1974. This increase was statistically
      highly significant (P less than 0.001).

PMID- 678958
TI  - Chlamydia trachomatis in non-specific urethritis.
AB  - Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated from 58.5% of 159 patients with non-specific
      urethritis (NSU) using irradiated McCoy cell cultures. Patients with persistent
      Chlamydia-positive NSU remained Chlamydia-positive each time they were examined
      before treatment and patients with Chlamydia-negative NSU remained Chlamydia
      negative during the course of the illness. Neither the duration of symptoms of
      urethritis nor a history of previous urethritis affected the chlamydial isolation
      rate significantly. Of 40 patients with severe discharge 30 (75%) harboured C.
      trachomatis. One-third of the Chlamydia-positive patients had a severe urethral
      discharge, while this was present in only 15% of Chlamydia-negative patients.
      Complications--such as conjunctivitis, arthritis, and epididymitis--were more
      severe in men with Chlamdia-positive NSU than in those with Chlamydia-negative
      NSU. Of 64 men matched for sexual promiscuity but without urethritis, none
      harboured C. trachomatis in his urethra. This differs significantly (P less than
      0.001) when compared with patients with NSU. C. trachomatis was isolated from the
      urogenital tract in 24 (42%) out of 57 female sexual contacts of patients with
      NSU. The presence of C. trachomatis in the women correlated significantly (P less
      than 0.001) with the isolation of the agent from their male contacts. These
      findings give further evidence for the aetiological role of C. trachomatis in non
      specific urethritis and its sexual transmission.

PMID- 678959
TI  - Epidermal antibodies in secondary syphilis.

PMID- 678960
TI  - A congenital disease of lambs clinically similar to 'inherited cerebellar
      cortical atrophy' (daft lamb disease).

PMID- 678961
TI  - Energy under-nutrition in the weanling filly foal. II. Effects on body
      conformation and epiphyseal plate closure in the fore-limb.

PMID- 678962
TI  - Energy under-nutrition in the weanling filly foal. III. Effects on heart rate and
      subsequent voluntary food intake.

PMID- 678963
TI  - Preliminary findings on the characterization of bacteria causing mastitis by gas
      chromatography.

PMID- 678964
TI  - Salmonellae in effluent waters and river sites in North Yorkshire.

PMID- 678965
TI  - Haematological and biochemical findings in an anaemia induced by the daily
      bleeding of ten-week-old cockerels.

PMID- 678966
TI  - An assessment of ossification and radiological interpretation in limbs of growing
      horses.

PMID- 678967
TI  - Gestation period and litter size in the goat.

PMID- 678968
TI  - Some observations on antigenic properties and immunogenic effects of brucella
      vaccine PB19.

PMID- 678969
TI  - Laboratory observations on the fox (Vulpes vulpes crucigera) in Dyfed during the
      winters of 1974/75 and 1975/76.

PMID- 678970
TI  - Spectral interactions in horizontal and ganglion cells of the isolated and
      arterially-perfused rabbit retina.
AB  - Intracellular and extracellular recordings in the arterially-perfused eye cup of
      pigmented and albino rabbits show the presence of blue cones, green cones and
      rods. Among the ganglion cells, a fraction shows spectral opponency. Two main
      types were found. In one, on-depolarizing responses and on-hyperpolarizing
      responses receive antagonistic input from different cone types ('B/G'); in the
      other, on-depolarizing responses receive input from both blue and green cones
      wheras off-depolarizing responses receive input either from blue or from green
      cones ('BG/G','BG/B'). Two types of horizontal cell responses have been found,
      both receiving mixed green cone and rod input; one type is cone-dominated while
      the other is rod-dominated. Neither type shows C-type responses or obvious input
      from blue cones, either synergistic or antagonistic, with intense selective
      chromatic adaptation of green cones and rods. Mass b-wave responses show a
      spectral sensitivity suggestive of antagonistic interactions between blue and
      green cones signals to inner nuclear layer neurones, which were not seen in
      action spectra based on a-wave or PIII component responses. It is argued that
      although blue cone signals contribute to spectral interactions at the ganglion
      cell and inner nuclear layer cell levels, they do not seem to contribute
      significantly to such interactions at the receptor or horizontal cell levels.

PMID- 678971
TI  - Patterns of output firing generated by a many-input neuronal model for different
      model parameters and patterns of synaptic drive.
AB  - A relatively simple neuronal model with a large number of 'synaptic' inputs is
      described. The model has been extensively studied in order to investigate the
      influence which patterns of presynaptic firing may have upon the pattern of
      output firing. The model has been studied in two versions. In one the threshold
      remained constant, while in the other the threshold was increased following an
      output firing. This increase in threshold decayed with time and was analogous to
      the after-hyperpolarization of a real neurone. The effect on the frequency of
      output firing of changes in the threshold and of the overall input rate were
      studied in detail. The pattern of output firing was studied for two patterns of
      input firing. In one, each presynaptic input fired steadily, each at a different
      rate; in the other, the input firings were randomly distributed in time, being
      generated by a Poisson process. It was found that, for a given total input rate,
      the pattern of output firing was markedly more regular when the input processes
      were regular, even though the mean rate of output firing was not appreciably
      different for the two different distributions of input firings. It is shown that,
      with suitable parameters for the model, it is possible to mimic very closely the
      discharge of tonically discharging motoneurones under different experimental
      conditions. This suggests that the more general properties of the model may have
      considerable relevance to the way in which real neurones integrate their synaptic
      input.

PMID- 678972
TI  - Protein and enzyme distribution in microsomal and myelin fractions from rat and
      Jimpy mouse brain.
AB  - The protein, glycoprotein and enzyme composition of myelin and myelin-related
      fraction (SN 4) from rat forebrain was compared with that of microsomal
      fractions. Acetylcholinesterase was largely confined to the microsomal fractions,
      wheras 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide-3'-phosphohydrolase (CNP) showed a high specific
      activity in myelin and SN 4 fractions. Nevertheless, the total specific
      activities of CNP present in microsomal membranes and in a water-soluble form
      were not negligible, and suggest that this enzyme has a wide distribution among
      subcellular particles. A high molecular weight protein was identified in myelin
      and all the other fractions studied. This protein (X), which co-migrates with the
      major myelin glycoprotein, was present in myelin and in fractions lacking typical
      myelin components as well as in fractions from a myelin deficient mutant, the
      Jimpy mouse. The results suggest that the X protein is probably a contaminant in
      isolated myelin, although the occurrence of this protein as an intrinsic
      component of several different membranes cannot be ruled out. Despite substantial
      overlap in density upon zonal centrifugation between SN 4 and microsomal
      fractions, the enzyme patterns of the fractions were different.

PMID- 678973
TI  - Modulation of ACh turnover in the septal-hippocampal pathway by electrical
      stimulation and lesioning.
AB  - The septal-hippocampal cholinergic pathway of the rat was either electrically
      stimulated or lesioned in order to study whether or not acetylcholine turnover
      rate (TRACh) changes with the activity of the cholinergic neurons. Appropriate
      electrical stimulation of the septum selectively increased the TRACh in the
      hippocampus in nonanesthetized and in barbiturate-treated animals. The ACh
      content of the hippocampus increased by approximately 30% 1 h after fimbria
      lesions, but decreased by about 80% 9 days after fimbria lesions. Acute fimbria
      lesions decreased the TRACh in the lesioned side by approximately 85%, but the
      TRACh in the intact side and in the cortex was unchanged. The same was true in
      rats with chronic fimbria lesions. In conclusion, the hippocampal TRACh increases
      or decreases proportionally to the activity of the cholinergic neurons; therefore
      the measurement of this parameter is of particular value in understanding how
      postynaptic cholinergic neurons are modulated by putative neurotransmitter
      released from afferent nerve terminals.

PMID- 678974
TI  - Induction of chronic epileptiform activity in the rat by an inhibitor of
      cholesterol synthesis, U18666A.
AB  - Earlier work in our and other laboratories suggest that alteration of brain
      lipids, primarily sterols, could be a precondition for the development of
      epileptiform activity. The present study further tests this hypothesis by
      attempting to produce chronic epileptiform activity in the rat by a drug which
      impairs biosynthesis of cerebral cholesterol. Starting one day after birth,
      weekly injection of the rat with U18666A, 3-beta(2-diethylaminoethoxy)androst-5
      en-17-one hydrochloride (10 mg/kg, s.c.), produced a reduced seizure threshold to
      flurothyl ether and a recurrent, spontaneous seizure state by the sixth and tenth
      weeks of life, respectively. These conditions were not seen if treatment was
      delayed until rats were about 4 weeks old. The seizure pattern, as seen by
      continuous ECoG and EMG recordings, consisted of a 3--5 sec burst of high voltage
      spiking and corresponding increases in muscle activity. However, major motor
      seizures were not produced. The total episode lasted 10--15 sec. Seizure
      frequency ranged from 5 to 21 per day. U18666A decreases cholesterolsynthesis,
      presumably by inhibiting enzymatic reduction of desmosterol to cholesterol. After
      the first two weeks of treatment, cerebral cortical cholesterol levels decreased
      to about 50% of control cortical levels. However, the concentration of cerebral
      total sterols did not change because desmosterol levels reciprocally increased.
      In spite of continued drug dosage, cholesterol and desmosterol levels of treated
      rats approached those of controls by 8 weeks of age. These observations, plus
      finding that a seizure-prone state did not develop in rats when the onset of drug
      treatment was postponed until about 4 weeks of age, suggest that alterations of
      brain sterols early in development of the mammalian brain can result in
      development of a chronic, epileptiform condition later in life.

PMID- 678975
TI  - Ontogeny of (--)-[3H]norepinephrine uptake properties of synaptic storage
      vesicles of rat brain.
AB  - The ontogeny of[3H]norepinephrine uptake mechanisms has been examined in
      synaptosomes and storage vesicles isolated from rat whole brain. The
      [3H]norepinephrine accumulated by synaptosomes was low in neonates, but reached
      adult levels by 15 days of age. In contrast, development of[3H]norepinephrine
      uptake into isolated rat brain storage vesicles was not complete until 38 days of
      age. Kinetic analysis of the developing vesicular uptake mechanism revealed no
      change in Km, while maximal uptake increased progressively from birth to
      maturity. Storage vesicles from immature and adult rats exhibited similar energy
      requirements for uptake as determined by their dependence on ATP-Mg2+
      concentration; furthermore, the degree of inhibition of [3H]norepinephrine uptake
      by other amines was the same in both vesicle preparations. Thus, storage vesicles
      isolated from adult and developing rats display an in vitro[3H]norepinephrine
      uptake mechanism with properties that are kinetically and pharmacologically
      similar. The results suggest that, while the number of storage vesicles in the
      central nervous system increases during development, those vesicles that are
      present possess a fully functional amine uptake system.

PMID- 678976
TI  - The origin of the monoaminergic innervation of immature rat neocortex: an
      ultrastructural analysis following lesions.

PMID- 678977
TI  - Ganglion cell death during retinal development in chick eyes explanted to the
      chorioallantoic membrane.

PMID- 678978
TI  - Visual contribution to rapid motor responses during postural control.

PMID- 678979
TI  - Visceral afferent projections to the dorsal column nuclei.

PMID- 678980
TI  - Pentylenetetrazol-induced enhancement of responses of mesencephalic reticular
      neurons to visual stimuli.

PMID- 678981
TI  - Relationship between kindled myoclonic seizures and feline brain dopamine
      metabolism.

PMID- 678982
TI  - Iontophoresis of neurotensin in the area of the locus coeruleus.

PMID- 678983
TI  - Effects of morphine on medial thalamic and medial bulboreticular aversive
      stimulation thresholds.

PMID- 678984
TI  - Observations on the commissural projection to the dentate gyrus in the Reeler
      mutant mouse.
AB  - The commissural projection to the displaced granule cells of the dentate gyrus in
      Reeler mutant mice has been examined with autoradiography, and light and electron
      microscopy. Commissural terminals in Reeler are confined to the hilar region, in
      contrast to normal littermates in which this projection is restricted to the
      inner part of the molecular layer. Granule cell somata in Reeler, but only
      exceptionally in normal littermates, are invested with spines, which have
      postsynaptic specializations, but no spine apparatus, and are contacted by
      presynaptic terminals. Between 20 and 30 h after destruction of the commissural
      fibres in Reeler, degenerating terminals can be found contacting both somatic and
      dendritic spines in the hilus; 30 h after decommissuration the number and length
      of spines on the somata and proximal dendrites of Golgi impregnated cells is
      greatly reduced, while spines on the distal parts of the dendritic tree are
      unaffected. A similar pattern of degeneration after decomissuration is found in
      the inner molecular layer of normal littermates. These results are discussed in
      terms of factors controlling the normal development of afferent projections. The
      paper concludes with an analysis of a potential methodological hazard. A change
      in mean spine length will of itself result in a change in the number of visible
      spines in golgi material. A quantitative assessment of the relation between spine
      length and the number of visible spines is developed for spherical cell bodies
      and cylindrical dendrites.

PMID- 678985
TI  - Neuronal differentiation in somatosensory cortex of the rat. I. Relationship to
      synaptogenesis in the first postnatal week.
AB  - Newborn (P-0 and P-1) through 6-day-old (P-6) rats were studied using light
      microscopic (Golgi) and ultrastructural methods. Previous studies demonstrated
      that early-formed synapses are concentrated at specific cortical depths, i.e. in
      strata. The present study shows that the synaptic stratum in the marginal zone
      corresponds to a dense fiber plexus and few somata (Cajal-Retzius cells). Axons
      in this zone almost exclusively form synapses on distal branches of dendrites
      originating in deeper lamina. In newborn neocortex there is a second synaptic
      stratum located deep to the cortical plate. It contains numerous axosomatic and
      axoproximal dendritic synapses as well as the most highly differentiated somata
      and proximal dendrites. By age P-6 there are 3 synaptic strata; one each in the
      marginal zone, cortical plate and 'subplate' layers. For all 3 strata a neuron's
      most differentiated dendrites are directed towards, traverse or run within, the
      nearest synaptic stratum. We conclude that, throughout the first postnatal week,
      the most mature dendrites of a given neuron generally occur at depths where
      synapse density is highest. At P-0 the most mature somata are similarly related
      to synaptic density.

PMID- 678986
TI  - Use of cortical circuits during focal penicillin seizures: an autoradiographic
      study with [14C]deoxyglucose.
AB  - Autoradiography with [14C]deoxyglucose was used to study the architectural
      pattern of glucose utilization in the motor cortex of rats during focal
      penicillin seizures. The seizure focus was characterized by a well circumscribed
      area whose metabolic activity was increased 2-3 times normal. This was tightly
      surrounded by cortex that was normal or slightly depressed. The posterior third
      of the focus showed an increase in glucose utilization in a columnar pattern with
      particular accentuation of activity in lamina V. There was a loss of normal
      activity in lamina IV within the focus and in somatosensory and occipital cortex
      far behind the focus. This depression was particularly prominent in the
      ipsilateral barrel field. Increased metabolic activity was found in a small area
      in contralateral homotopic cortex, in lamina Vb with columns extending above this
      from lamina IV to the surface. Glucose utilization was accentuated 1.2-1.8 fold
      in the ipsilateral secondary somatosensory area, but was normal in the
      contralateral cortex. The intensity of focal seizures was increased by the
      intracortical injection of more penicillin or by giving intravenous metrazol.
      Both of these methods resulted in an increase in the size of the focus as
      determined with [14C]deoxyglucose. This was most prominent on the lateral border
      in lamina I-II and V. In addition, there was an accentuation of the columnar
      pattern in the posterior part of the focus, ipsilateral somatosensory cortex, and
      contralateral motor cortex. The architectural pattern of glucose utilization in
      the cortex during focal seizures is discussed with reference to corticocortical,
      commissural, and corticothalamic circuits that have been identified by others in
      anatomical studies. Superimposed on this structure are physiological principles
      of recurrent excitation, lateral spread, and surround inhibition that
      characterize basic electrophysiological mechanisms of epilepsy, and influence the
      intensity of activity within the architectural design.

PMID- 678987
TI  - Kindling of neuroanatomic pathways during recurrent focal penicillin seizures.
AB  - Sequential changes in convulsive phenomena have been studied using intracortical
      injections of penicillin as a kindling agent. Rats given 25 units of penicillin
      every 4 days had a progressive increase in the frequency of contralateral muscle
      jerks. Unilateral tonic-clinic events began after the third injection, and
      bilateral jerks of both upper extremities began subsequent to that. No
      generalized convulsions occurred, and further changes in focal convulsions
      stopped after 7 injections. The seizure events occurring in this kindled state
      could be seen in rats given a single injection of 100 units of penicillin. Rats
      subjected to daily injections at this dosage did not develop more intense
      seizures, and afterdischarges essentially stopped after the first injection.
      Animals studied with deoxyglucose autoradiography during kindling with 25 units
      showed an increase in the size and intensity of metabolic activity in the seizure
      focus. In addition there was an increase in size and intensity of most
      transynaptic sites, with new activity appearing in contralateral basal ganglia. A
      comparison of these findings with the autoradiographic results of animals
      receiving 100 units of penicillin suggests that the major change during kindling
      takes place in the focus itself. The appearance of new activity in contralateral
      basal ganglia is probably an expression of activity in crossed corticostriate
      pathways from the focus as well as pathways descending from the homotopic cortex
      in an obligatory input-output response. Use of these pathways is not dependent on
      kindling, but is available on a first come basis if the intensity of discharges
      from the seizure focus is strong enough.

PMID- 678988
TI  - Study of cardiac sympathetic and vagal efferent activity during reflex responses
      produced by stretch of the atria.
AB  - (1) In chloralose anesthetized dogs, effects of the left and the right atrial
      stretch were studied in the same animal. Stretch of the sino-atrial region of the
      right atrium produced acceleration of the heart rate during, and reversal of
      response at the termination of, the stretch. Stretch of the left pulmonary vein
      atrial junctional region evoked an initial decrease followed by an increase in
      heart rate. The responses were similar in all animals, despite initial heart
      rates ranging from 120 to 200 beats per minute. (2) Activity in vagal and
      sympathetic nerve branches innervating the heart was recorded simultaneously.
      Care was taken to identify the vagal fibers innervating the heart, and record
      their activity without contamination of sympathetic impulses. The right atrial
      stretch evoked an augmentation of sympathetic activity which reached its peak at
      20 sec after the beginning of stimulus. The stimulus slightly increased the vagal
      activity; this change occurred slowly and reached its peak in about 40-60 sec
      after stretch. At the release of stretch, sympathetic activity generally showed a
      reversal of response, i.e. activity was inhibited for 30 sec. (3) Stretch of the
      left atrium produced biphasic changes in cardiac sympathetic nerves; their
      activity was strongly inhibited for the first 15 sec, then augmented throughout
      the remainder of the stretch. This effect lasted 30 sec after the cessation of
      stimulus. Effects on vagal cardiac nerve fibers were smaller; mild augmentation
      in activity was produced. The onset of this effect was faster than that seen in
      case of the right atrium stretch. (4) Reciprocal action between vagal and
      sympathetic cardiac nerves was obvious only in the early phase of left atrium
      stretch. Effects on the heart were determined by balances in activity of these
      antagonistic nerves. In contrast with what occurred in cardiac reflexes, carotid
      sinus distension even in the same animal produced a large increase in vagal
      activity, and near complete inhibition of sympathetic nerve activity. Thus, good
      reciprocal action between the two sets of nerves was demonstrated. A difference
      in the two types of reflexes was thus revealed. (5) Stretch of the right atrium
      evoked during carotid sinus distension caused an increase in heart rate from the
      new low level which was produced by baroreceptor activation. Vagal activity which
      was greatly augmented by sinus distension was decreased by atrial stretch, while
      previously inhibited sympathetic activity due to sinus distension was augmented
      by stretch of the atrium. The effect of stretch on vagal activity seems to depend
      to a degree on the prestimulus level. It is of interest that the powerful
      baroreceptor reflexes do not mask the cardiac reflexes studied. (6) The relative
      importance of sympathetic and vagal efferents to atrial stretch reflexes was
      discussed.

PMID- 678989
TI  - Eledoisin, substance P and related peptides: intracranial dipsogens in the pigeon
      and antidipsogens in the rat.
AB  - The undecapeptide eledoisin caused vigorous and copious drinking within a minute
      or two of injection into the pigeon forebrain. Systemic injections of the same
      doses were ineffective. The relative efficacy of eledoisin and angiotensin II as
      dipsogens in the pigeon was similar to that of carbachol and angiotensin II in
      the rat. The related peptides eledoisin hexapeptide, physalaemin and substance P
      also caused some drinking, but they were less effective than eledoisin. In the
      rat none of these substances caused drinking. On the contrary eledoisin and
      substance P were found to depress angiotensin-induced drinking, but carbachol
      induced drinking was not depressed to the same extent by these peptides. The
      preferential depression of angiotensin II-induced drinking resembles the effects
      of other vasoplegic drugs on this response in the rat, and may be related to the
      potent vasodilator properties of these peptides.

PMID- 678990
TI  - Effects of 5-bromodeoxyuridine on development of Mauthner's neuron and neural
      retina of Xenopus laevis embryos.
AB  - Bromodeoxyuridine (BrUdR) injected into Xenopus embryos at stages before, during
      or after the last period of DNA synthesis in Mauthner's neurons had no serious
      effect on differentiation of Mauthner's neurons. However, the BrUdR caused
      widespread cell degeneration in the central nervous system. The action of BrUdR
      on retinal neuronal differentiation depended on dose and stage of infection. At
      all doses (0.005-0.9 microgram per injection), and all stages (22-29), the main
      effect was retinal cell degeneration. The drug produced complete absence of
      differentiated retinal neurons only when given at early stages (22-24) and at the
      highest doses (0.5-0.9 microgram) that enabled the embryo to survive to stage 44.
      At stages 22-24 at lower doses (0.005 or 0.05 microgram per injection) and at
      stages 26-29 at all doses, some retinal neurons differentiated, although retinal
      cell degeneration was the main effect. In these two systems BrUdR did not
      selectively inhibit neuronal differentiation.

PMID- 678991
TI  - The influence of brain damage on locomotor behavior of mice selectively bred for
      high or low activity in the open field.
AB  - Locomotor activity was measured in mice with lesions restricted to the neocortex,
      in animals with hippocampal damage, and in sham-operated control mice of the
      selectively bred high and low open-field activity lines developed by J. C.
      DeFries. Postoperatively, the high-activity animals with hippocampal lesions
      showed reduced activity relative to those with only neocortical damage, and their
      postoperative activity levels were uncorrelated with those obtained
      preoperatively. Testing the animals under reduced illumination enhanced locomotor
      activity, with the greatest increase demonstrated by high-activity mice with
      hippocampal damage. While increases in activity under low illumination did occur
      in the low-activity line, no significant group differences were observed.
      Amphetamine did not affect locomotor behavior of the high-activity control
      animals, whereas doses of 1.0 and 10.0 mg/kg reduced the activity of the low
      activity mice. High-activity mice with hippocampal damage evidenced a significant
      increase in locomotor behavior after the 10.0 mg/kg dose. These results emphasize
      that the behavioral effects of brain lesions and pharmacological manipulations
      cannot be adequately assessed without regard to genotype of the animals under
      investigation.

PMID- 678992
TI  - Fine structure of the medial habenular nucleus in the rat.

PMID- 678993
TI  - Effects of inactivity on membrane potentials in rat muscle.

PMID- 678994
TI  - Analysis and estimation of synaptic densities and their spatial variation on the
      motoneuron surface.

PMID- 678995
TI  - Peripheral control of the spinal pattern generators for locomotion in cat.

PMID- 678996
TI  - Regional cerebrovascular permeability to [14C]sucrose after osmotic opening of
      the blood-brain barrier.

PMID- 678997
TI  - Electron microscopic autoradiography of the uptake of [3H]GABA in dispersed cell
      cultures of rat cerebellums. I. The morphology of the GABAergic synapse.
AB  - Dispersed cell cultures of rat cerebellums 21 days in vitro were incubated in
      saline containing 0.5 micrometer [3H]GABA for 5 min, fixed and prepared for
      electron microscopic autoradiography. Quantitative methods for analyzing the
      resulting autoradiographs were developed to distinguish lightly labeled neurons
      from heavily labeled (i.e. GABAergic) neurons. After a 3 week exposure, 2% of the
      presynaptic elements were found to be GABAergic. A longer incubation time of 15
      min resulted in a greatly increased grain density over lightly labeled neurons,
      making it more difficult to distinguish them from the GABAergic neurons. When the
      concentration of [3H]GABA was increased to 1.0 micrometer, the grain densities
      over both GABAergic and other neurons increased to a similar extent. The
      morphology of the GABAergic synapses differed from that of the total population
      synapses. The GABAergic synapses had larger cross-sectional areas, lower
      densities of vesicles, greater numbers of vesicles, and thinner postsynaptic
      densities. Both the GABAergic and total population had similar lengths of the
      postsynaptic densities, cleft widths, vesicle sizes and types of postsynaptic
      elements. The morphology of the GABAergic synapse reported here is similar to
      that described for basket and stellate presynaptic elements in vivo.

PMID- 678998
TI  - CNS site of clonidine induced hypotension: a microiontophoretic study of bulbar
      cardiovascular neurons.
AB  - To localize the central site and mechanism of clonidine induced hypotension, the
      drug was applied by the technique of microiontophoresis to neurons of the bulbar
      cardiovascular center in decerebrate cats. The excitatory and inhibitory
      cardiovascular neurons (CVN) were identified by their response to an increase in
      the arterial blood pressure induced by intravenous injections of small doses of
      norepinephrine (NE). Clonidine had an inhibitory effect on the spontaneous firing
      rate of excitatory CVN but had no effect on the firing rate of inhibitory CVN. At
      the same doses, it had no effect on the firing rate of NCVN recorded from the
      same area. Furthermore, clonidine had a blocking action on the excitatory
      response of CVN induced by microiontophoretic application of NE. It is concluded
      that clonidine produces its hypotensive response by acting on alpha-adrenergic
      receptors of bulbar CVN.

PMID- 678999
TI  - Sparing of function in rats with early prefrontal cortex lesions.
AB  - Previous work has shown that medial frontal lesions in adult rats produce
      deficits on spatial reversals, delayed responses, and active avoidance, whereas
      more ventrolateral (orbital) lesions have little effect on these tasks. These
      findings were confirmed. However, when lesions were made at 2, 5 or 9 days of
      age, rats tested as adults showed dramatic sparing of function on all these
      tasks, whereas similar lesions inflicted at 35 or 40 days of age produced
      deficits on delayed responses and spatial reversals. Orbital frontal lesions
      failed to significantly alter behavior on any task at any age. The effects of the
      neonatal lesions are in striking contrast to the effects of juvenile or adult
      lesions, even though the infant lesions were considerably larger. Histological
      analysis revealed no retrograde degeneration in the dorsomedial thalamic nucleus
      of the rats operated in infancy unless the lesions were so large that the
      adjacent caudate-putamen was also damaged. The contrast between these results,
      and results obtained after similar lesions in adults may indicate the growth of
      sustaining collaterals after the infant lesions which might be involved in the
      observed behavioral sparing.

PMID- 679000
TI  - Demonstration of neuroleptic receptor sites in mouse brain by autoradiography.

PMID- 679001
TI  - Cells of the striate cortex projecting to the Clare-Bishop area of the cat.

PMID- 679002
TI  - Further studies on the fine structure of the adrenergic innervation of the
      hypothalamus.

PMID- 679003
TI  - Anatomical evidence that the medial terminal nucleus of the accessory optic tract
      in mammals provides a visual mossy fiber input to the flocculus.

PMID- 679004
TI  - Electron microscopic autoradiography of the uptake of [3H]GABA in dispersed cell
      cultures of rat cerebellums. II. The development of GABAergic synapses.

PMID- 679005
TI  - Theanine as a glutamate antagonist at a crayfish neuromuscular junction.

PMID- 679006
TI  - Functional organization of receptive fields in the cat somatosensory cortex. I:
      Integration within the coronal region.
AB  - The receptive fields (RF) of the neurons in the coronal region of the first
      somatosensory cortex (SI) were studied in a preparation of unanesthetized
      paralyzed cats. The majority of units responded to simple light mechanical
      stimuli to the hairy or glabrous skin. There were units with slightly larger RFs
      and more complex properties, such as those preferentially responding to the
      moving skin stimuli with directional selectivity. The receptive fields tend to be
      larger in the more rostral (area 3a) or medial coronal (area 3b) region than in
      the caudal region (area 3b). The largest RFs intermingled among focal ones
      included other smaller RFs in the vicinity. Their configurations were different
      at different loci in the coronal region. It is suggested that the coronal SI
      region is organized in terms of multiple clusterings of units, each with
      particular receptive field characteristics. The representation of a single
      peripheral locus on the forepaw can thus be multiple, if it appeared in more than
      one of such clusterings of receptive fields.

PMID- 679007
TI  - Functional organization of receptive fields in the cat somatosensory cortex. II:
      Second representation of the forepaw in the ansate region.
AB  - The receptive fields (RF) of the neurons in the ansate region of the first
      somatosensory cortex (SI) were studied in unanesthetized paralyzed cats. Along
      the ansate sulcus, the forepaw dorsum was represented laterally, and the ventral
      surface of the paw was represented medially. These representations of the distal
      forepaw were found to be different from those in the coronal region in that they
      take parts of the larger and elongated receptive fields along the forearm axis.
      The principle of multiple representation of the forepaw on SI proposed in the
      preceding paper was thus confirmed and extended in this study. Many units in the
      ansate region showed complex receptive characteristics different from those in
      the coronal region. The convergence of skin and deep submodality was observed in
      units recorded in area 2 in the deep fold along the ansate sulcus, border zone
      along area 5. The functional organization of SI in terms of its cytoarchitectonic
      differentiation and thalamocortical relationships was discussed.

PMID- 679008
TI  - Evidence of an interaction between serotoninergic and cholinergic neurons in the
      corpus striatum and hippocampus of the rat brain.

PMID- 679009
TI  - Neurones with synchronous bursting discharges in organ cultures of the
      hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus area.
AB  - Explants of the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus area from newborn rats were
      cultured. Ultrastructural studies revealed the existence of typical
      neurosecretory granules in neuronal perikarya as well as in axons. Large nerve
      cells that were spontaneously active discharged at an average firing rate of 7.2
      +/- 4.4 (S.D., n = 98) spikes/sec and 42% of these neurones displayed a phasic
      firing pattern as shown by the existence of peaks in their autocorrelograms. The
      firing of 59% of the neurones was synchronous with the activity of other nerve
      cells. In some neurones, only the onsets of bursts were correlated, whereas in
      others periods of high correlation alternated with periods of no correlation. The
      relative proportion of rhythmically or synchronously firing hypothalamic neurones
      was not altered when a neurohypophysial explant was co-cultured. Field
      stimulation in the cultures resulted in a short-latency excitation followed by an
      inhibition which was found to be bicuculline-sensitive. The existence of
      functional synapses was furthermore demonstrated by intracellular recordings of
      postsynaptic potentials.

PMID- 679010
TI  - Evidence for the movement of fluid, macromolecules and ions from the brain
      extracellular space to the CSF.
AB  - This report examines the effect of decreasing serum osmolality on movement into
      the ventricular system of fluid and of test material injected into the brain.
      Trace quantities of 22NaCl and 125I-labeled cat serum albumin (CSA) were injected
      into cerebral white matter of cats. The rates of cerebrospinal fluid volume flow,
      and appearance of 22Na and 125I-CSA were measured in the effluent fluid using
      ventriculocisternal perfusion before and while serum osmolality was acutely
      decreased by the intravenous infusion of a 60 mOsm sucrose solution. As compared
      to the control period, at the end of the infusion serum osmolality decreased from
      321 +/- 4.2 mOsm to 283 +/- 4.0 mOsm and CSF volume flow increased from 21.8 +/-
      2.3 microliter/min to 54.9 +/- 4.1 microliter/min (means +/- S.E.). The slope of
      the regression line describing 22Na influx went from 1.04 to 1.79, while for 125I
      the slope went from 0 to 1.38. These results suggest that a common pathway may
      exist for the movement, through the brain and into the ventricular system, of
      water, ions and large molecules.

PMID- 679011
TI  - The differential effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine, noradrenaline and raphe
      stimulation on nociceptive and non-nociceptive dorsal horn interneurones in the
      cat.
AB  - The effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), noradrenaline (NA) and stimulation of
      the inferior central nucleus of the raphe (RN) were examined on nociceptive and
      non-nociceptive spinal neurones in anaesthetized cats. 5-HT reduced excitation
      evoked by noxious stimulation, but increased spontaneous firing and firing evoked
      by DL-homocysteic acid (DLH) on both nociceptive and non-nociceptive cells. NA
      reduced spontaneous activity, DLH-evoked excitation and excitation evoked by a
      noxious stimulus on nociceptive neurones, but had little action on non
      nociceptive units. RN inhibited spontaneous, stimulus-evoked and DLH-evoked
      firing of nociceptive cells and caused briefer inhibitions of non-nociceptive
      cells. Excitatory effects were also observed. Strychnine antagonized short
      duration inhibitions from RN of non-nociceptive cells responding to hair
      movement, but failed to antagonize any of the other effects of RN. No antagonism
      of the inhibitory effect of RN was observed with phenoxybenzamine, phentolamine,
      sotalol, bicuculline or methysergide. However, methysergide antagonized some
      excitatory effects of 5-HT and RN, but also produced non-specific actions on some
      cells. It was concluded that, although glycine may mediate some of the brief
      duration inhibitions evoked by RN, the longer duration inhibitions were unlikely
      to have been mediated by either glycine or GABA. 5-HT may be a mediator of raphe
      spinal actions but may have presynaptic inhibitory actions coupled with
      postsynaptic excitatory effects. NA could mediate some descending inhibition of
      nociceptive neurones.

PMID- 679012
TI  - Synaptic structures and quantification of catecholaminergic axons in the nucleus
      tractus solitarius of the rat: possible modulatory roles of catecholamines in
      baroreceptor reflexes.
AB  - The synaptic organization in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) of the rat at
      the level of the obex was examined by fluorescence and electron microscopy in 5
      groups of animals: (1) normal control, (2) intraventricular injection of 5-OHDA,
      (3) intraventricular injection of 6-OHDA, (4) intracranial denervation of the
      IXth and Xth cranial nerves, and (5) intraventricular injection of 5-OHDA 48 h
      after intracranial denervation of the IXth and Xth cranial nerves. A dense
      network of catecholaminergic nerves was observed in the NTS and several
      catecholaminergic neurons were seen to be scattered in the lateral portion of the
      NTS. Nerve cells in the NTS were small in size (15-20 micrometer in diameter). In
      addition to ordinary axodendritic and axo-somatic synapses, serial synapses were
      occasionally encountered. The first presynaptic site in some of the serial
      synapses was identified as catecholaminergic by 6-OHDA treatment. After treatment
      with 5-OHDA, 2.4% of axon varicosities were identified as catecholaminergic by
      small dense-cored vesicles. After administration of 6-OHDA, 5.19% of dense
      degenerated axon varicosities were counted. After intracranial deafferentation of
      the IXth and Xth cranial nerves, 5.3% of dense degenerated axon varicosities were
      found. The total number of axon varicosities in 6800 sq.mum area was decreased by
      9% after the injection of 6-OHDA and 11% after deafferentation of the IXth and
      Xth cranial nerves. At least 3 types of axons could be identified: (1)
      catecholaminergic axons with small dense-cored vesicles after 5-OHDA
      administration, (2) afferent axons from the IXth and Xth cranial nerves with
      small clear vesicles, and (3) axons with small clear vesicles probably originated
      from the supramedullary nucleus. The results of the present study suggest that
      catecholamines modulate reflex blood pressure regulation within the NTS of the
      rat.

PMID- 679013
TI  - Biochemical changes accompanying unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions in the rat
      substantia nigra.
AB  - The biochemical consequences of a unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine injection into the
      substantia nigra of the rat brain were investigated. Projections of dopaminergic
      neurons from the A8-A9-A10 regions to a number of forebrain areas were confirmed.
      No innervation to the hypothalamus, including the median eminence, or to the
      brain stem, could be found with the present techniques. No destruction of
      serotonergic or GABAergic fibers could be demonstrated in the lesioned substantia
      nigra. Increases in glutamic acid decarboxylase activity were found restricted to
      the caudate and zona compacta of the substantia nigra ipsilateral to the lesion,
      indicating the possibility of a physiological interaction between GABAergic and
      dopaminergic systems. The neuroanatomical localization of the nigral dopamine
      sensitive adenylate cyclase was also studied. No change in enzyme activity was
      found after destruction of a great proportion of the dopaminergic cells,
      suggesting that this enzyme has an extradopaminergic localization in the
      substantia nigra.

PMID- 679014
TI  - Cerebral energy metabolism during recovery from carbon monoxide hypoxia-oligemia.
AB  - The effects of 1 h exposure to 1% CO and right common carotid artery clamping
      upon the cerebral energy metabolism, perfusion and histology were studied in
      anesthetized (70%N(2)O) and unanesthetized rats following reoxygenation for 0-6
      h. At 0 h recovery the clamped hemispheres showed decreases of ATP, PCr and
      glycogen, and increases of ADP, AMP, inorganic phosphate and lactate which
      indicated an advanced derangement of the tissues' energy homeostasis. Exposure in
      unanesthetized animals was associated with lower levels of ATP and glycogen, and
      with larger increases of lactate in the clamped hemisphere which suggested the
      presence of a more intense hypoxic-oligemic insult. The metabolic differences in
      the clamped hemisphere of unanesthetized and anesthetized animals became more
      marked after 1 h reoxygenation, with anesthetized animals showing large
      restitutions of ATP, PCr, glycogen and lactate, whereas in unanesthetized animals
      these metabolites showed severe persistent defects over the 6 h reoxygenation
      period. Since the arterial oxygen content and tension, and perfusion patterns
      were equivalent in the 2 series at 0 and 1 h recovery, it is concluded that even
      minor anesthetic agents such as 70%N(2)O or other non-hypoxic variables during
      exposure or recovery may cause significant alterations in the metabolic
      restitution of the hypoxic-oligemic brain.

PMID- 679015
TI  - Role of neocortex in binaural hearing in the cat. III. Binaural masking-level
      differences.

PMID- 679016
TI  - The effect of acute lesions of the striate cortex on the retinotopic organization
      of the lateral peristriate cortex in the rat.

PMID- 679017
TI  - The suprachiasmatic nucleus synchronizes growth hormone secretory rhythms with
      the light-dark cycle.

PMID- 679018
TI  - Osmotic stimulation of vasopressin release: inhibition by tetrodotoxin.

PMID- 679019
TI  - Uptake of L-alanine, glycine and L-serine in the pigeon central nervous system.
AB  - The uptake characteristics of L-alpha-alanine, glycine and L-serine into crude
      mitochondrial fractions from pigeon telencephalon, tectum and spinal cord were
      determined. Sodium dependent high affinity uptake systems were found for all 3
      amino acids in all 3 brain regions, except for glycine in the telencephalon. The
      mutual inhibition of the high affinity uptake by the 3 amino acids was measured
      in the tectum. Alanine uptake was inhibited competitively by serine and glycine.
      The inhibition of serine uptake by alanine and glycine was also competitive. In
      contrast, glycine uptake inhibition by alanine and serine was incomplete and
      neither competitive, non-competitive nor uncompetitive. The effect of various
      chemicals on the uptake of the 3 amino acids was measured in the tectum at a
      substrate concentration of 10(-5) M. Four groups could be distinguished: (1)
      Substances with no effect on the uptake of all 3 amino acids, (2) substances
      which inhibited the uptake of all 3 amino acids to a similar degree, (3)
      substances which inhibited the uptake of alanine and serine more than glycine and
      (4) substances which inhibited glycine uptake more than alanine and serine
      uptake. From these results we conclude: Alanine and serine are probably taken up
      by the same transport system. This system can possibly also use glycine as
      substrate. Most of the glycine high affinity uptake, however, is due to a
      specific glycine transport system. This system was found only in tectum and
      spinal cord and is probably the same uptake system as known in the spinal cord of
      other vertebrates.

PMID- 679020
TI  - Chromatin binding of estradiol in the hypothalamus and cortex of male and female
      rats.
AB  - Gonadal steroids are thought to act by activation of the genome following
      cytoplasmic binding, translocation of the hormone--receptor complex to the
      nucleus and chromatin binding at specific acceptor sites. This study examined the
      kinetics of chromatin binding of estradiol by hypothalamic and cortical cells of
      adult gonadectomized male and female rats. In both sexes binding was found to be
      limited to hypothalamic cells. The kinetics of binding differed between the
      sexes, estradiol being retained less well in males. In females hypothalamic
      chromatin binding was shown to be of limited capacity and to be competitively
      inhibited by unlabeled estradiol. Unlabeled testosterone inhibited estradiol
      binding when administered subcutaneously 3 h before the estradiol, but not by
      testosterone when administered either intravenously or concurrently with the
      estradiol. It was suggested that the observed sex difference in hypothalamic
      chromatin binding might underlie the relative insensitivity of the male to the
      lordosis-inducing properties of estradiol.

PMID- 679021
TI  - Correlation of telencephalic afferents and SDH distribution in the bony fish
      Polypterus.

PMID- 679022
TI  - Morphological localization of PNS myelin proteins.
AB  - The localization of PNS myelin protein was studied using two methods: (1)
      lactoperoxidase catalysed iodination of intraperiod band material, (2)
      solubilization of basic proteins with ammonium acetate--Triton X-100 solutions.
      When myelin was swollen in the presence of lactoperoxidase and subsequently
      submitted to lactoperoxidase catalysed iodination P0 and what appeared to be the
      X protein labeled with 125I. In specimens which were disrupted in 50% ethyl
      alcohol, the basic proteins P1 and P2 were also iodinated. When the
      lactoperoxidase was omitted, there was no labeling of proteins. Ammonium acetate-
      Triton X-100 solutions solubilized basic proteins from both whole nerve and
      purified myelin preparations. Electron microscopic changes which accompanied this
      modification included swelling and splitting of the main period band. These data
      indicate that the P0 and X proteins are available for iodination in the
      intraperiod band of swollen PNS myelin and that basic proteins are localized in
      the main period band.

PMID- 679023
TI  - Lactate, pyruvate and ATP concentrations of the brain in two models of
      hypertension in rats.

PMID- 679024
TI  - Depressant actions of methionine-enkephalin and somatostatin in cat dorsal horn
      neurones activated by noxious stimuli.

PMID- 679025
TI  - 6-OHDA lesion of the dorsal noradrenergic bundle alters extinction of passive
      avoidance.

PMID- 679026
TI  - Topography of the neurons responding to estrogen in the hypothalamic arcuate
      nucleus of immature female mice.
AB  - The neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) of 20-day-old female mice
      were examined by electron microscopy. The administration of estradiol-17 beta
      during 20 days from the day of birth resulted in the increase of dense-core
      vesicles (DCVs) in some neuronal perikarya of the middle region of the ARC
      (middle ARC), while, in the posterior region of the ARC (posterior ARC), the
      increase of DCVs was less marked. Topographical studies revealed that the
      neuronal perikarya containing few DCVs were assembled in the ventromedial area of
      the middle ARC in both control mice and mice given estrogen. Those containing 5
      or more DCVs were found predominantly in the ventromedial area of the middle ARC
      in mice given estrogen. In the posterior ARC, however, the neuronal perikarya
      containing DCVs seemed to be scattered. The distribution patterns of the diameter
      of DCVs were significantly different between control mice and mice given
      estrogen. The administration of estrogen seem to bring about the enlargement in
      the size of DCVs. These results indicate that the neurons responding to estrogen
      are present in the ventromedial area of the middle ARC, and suggest that this
      area is a significant focus in estrogen feedback mechanisms.

PMID- 679027
TI  - Dependence of the activity of interpositus and red nucleus neurons on sensory
      input data generated by movement.
AB  - Cats performed flexion movements of the forearm, and the discharge of
      interpositus and red nucleus neurons was examined for relationships to the motion
      and to the EMG activity of agonist and antagonist muscles. It is shown that, over
      a wide range in the time course of the motion, the activity of the neurons is
      covariant with both the EMG and the movement parameters, in particular, the
      velocity. Also, the discharge of the interpositus neurons is modulated in phase
      with the velocity of passive movement. It is concluded that during fast,
      intentional movements, sensory input data generated by motion is a major
      determinant of the output of the interpositus nucleus. Furthermore, the results
      are consistent with the concept that this output provides a continuous modulation
      of spinal segmental mechanisms by way of the red nucleus and rubrospinal tract.

PMID- 679028
TI  - Relationships between sensory input, motor output and unit activity in
      interpositus and red nuclei during intentional movement.
AB  - The relationship between unit activity in interpositus (8 units) and red nuclei
      (11 units) and the EMG activity of the biceps during intentional elbow flexion
      movements was investigated by means of cross-correlation analysis. This analysis
      showed that there were long-lasting (200 msec) changes in the probability of EMG
      activity both before and after a single spike in neurons which covaried with the
      motor output. The dependence of the activity of these units on sensory inputs was
      investigated by (1) calculating the quantitative relationship between angular
      displacement and unit activity and (2) recording unit activity after the sensory
      input from peripheral afferents had been eliminated by dorsal rhizotomy.

PMID- 679029
TI  - Afferent connections of the entorhinal area in the rat as demonstrated by
      retrograde cell-labeling with horseradish peroxidase.
AB  - The entorhinal cortex (EC) of the rat has been divided into medial (MEA) and
      lateral (LEA) subdivisions. In order to analyze its afferent connections, small
      deposits of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) were placed at various loci within EC.
      The patterns of retrograde cell-labeling charted in 18 such cases suggested that
      EC is projected upon by several allocortical and subcortical structures and that
      there are differences in the afferent connections of the two subdivisions. Thus,
      although HRP injection of either division of EC led to cell-labeling in the
      hippocampal formation, most in ammonic field CA1 and the subiculum, several cells
      of the presubiculum were preferentially labeled by injection of MEA. Injections
      of LEA, but not those in MEA, resulted in substantial cell-labeling in the
      anterior piriform cortex of both hemispheres. Regardless of the location of its
      injection site within EC, the enzyme labeled cells in the diagonal band nucleus
      of Broca, amygdala and claustrum. The pattern of cell-labeling in the diagonal
      band nucleus extended into the ventrolaterally contiguous nucleus basalis after
      injection of LEA and into the dorsally contiguous medial septal nucleus after
      injection of MEA Whereas HRP deposits in either division of EC resulted in cell
      labeling in the cortical and medial nuclei of the amygdala, only those deposits
      which involved LEA led to cell-labeling in the posterior part of the lateral
      nucleus. In the thalamus, labeled cells were found in the rostral part of the
      paratenial, periventricular and reuniens nuclei. Finally, at midbrain levels,
      numerous labeled cells appeared in the dorsal raphe nucleus, a few in the median
      raphe and locus coeruleus, and, only after rostral EC injection, in the ventral
      tegmental area.

PMID- 679030
TI  - Sampling distribution of morphologically identified neurons of the
      coronalpericruciate cortex of awake cats following intracellular injection of
      HRP.

PMID- 679031
TI  - Formation of cholinergic synapses on adrenal chromaffin cells in anterior eye
      chamber transplants.

PMID- 679032
TI  - A laser system for stimulating spinal neuron receptive fields.

PMID- 679033
TI  - Localization of [3H]glycoproteins in the retina of the mouse.

PMID- 679034
TI  - Different dopamine stimulation of adenylate cyclase in striatum and mesolimbic
      area of rats treated with chronic chlorpromazine.

PMID- 679035
TI  - Epileptiform activity initiated by pial iontophoresis of ferrous and ferric
      chloride on rat cerebral cortex.

PMID- 679036
TI  - Entorhinal cortex electrical stimulation disrupts retention performance when
      applied after, but not during, learning.

PMID- 679037
TI  - Changes in rubral multiunit activity after lesions in the interpositus nucleus of
      the cat.

PMID- 679038
TI  - Anatomical evidence of direct projections from the nucleus of the solitary tract
      to the hypothalamus, amygdala, and other forebrain structures in the rat.
AB  - Ascending projections from the caudal (general-visceroceptive) part of the
      nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) were studied experimentally in the rat by the
      aid of the anterograde autoradiographic and the retrograde horseradish peroxidase
      (HRP) tracer techniques. Microelectrophoretic deposits of tritiated proline and
      leucine which involved the caudal part of the NTS, the dorsal motor nucleus of
      the vagus (dmX), and portions of the hypoglossal nucleus, nucleus intercalatus
      and/or nucleus gracilis were found to label ascending fibers that, besides going
      to numerous brain stem territories that included prominently the parabrachial
      area, could also be traced to serveral forebrain structures, namely, the bed
      nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST), the paraventricular (PA), dorsomedial
      (HDM) and arcuate (ARC) nuclei of the hypothalamus, the central nucleus of the
      amygdaloid complex (AC), the medial preoptic area (PM) and the periventricular
      nucleus of the thalamus (TPV). Smaller isotope injections almost completely
      confined to the NTS and dmX resulted in lighter labeling of a similar set of
      parabrachial and forebrain projections, whereas in another case, in which the
      deposit was almost exclusively limited to the nucleus gracilis, no label was seen
      in the aforementioned structures. In another series of experiments, aimed at
      further localizing the neurons of origin of the prosencephalic projections under
      consideration, small microelectrophoretic HRP injections confined almost totally
      to BST, PA, HDM, AC, PM or TPV, as well as both small and large injections
      involving ARC, resulted in labeled neurons situated in the dorsal medullary
      region, mainly in the medial portion of the NTS at the level of and caudal to the
      area postrema. Taken together, these observations indicate for the first time the
      existence of relatively direct conduction lines by which interoceptive
      information might be conveyed to limbic forebrain structures; some of the
      possible physiological correlates of these anatomical findings are discussed.

PMID- 679039
TI  - Regulation of the Mauthner cell following unilateral rotation of the prospective
      hindbrain in axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) neurulae.

PMID- 679040
TI  - The accessory optic system in teleosts.

PMID- 679041
TI  - Evidence for excitatory connections from the deprived eye to the visual cortex in
      monocularly deprived kittens.

PMID- 679042
TI  - Absolute dark sensitivity and center size in cat retinal ganglion cells.

PMID- 679043
TI  - Serotonergic and non-serotonergic neurons of the dorsal raphe: reciprocal changes
      in firing induced by peripheral nerve stimulation.

PMID- 679044
TI  - Facilitation of late reflexes in humans during the preparatory period of
      voluntary movement.

PMID- 679045
TI  - Amino acid-evoked depolarization of electrically inexcitable (neuroglial?) cells
      in the guinea pig olfactory cortex slice.

PMID- 679046
TI  - Age-dependent susceptibility of inferior olive neurones to 3-acetylpyridine in
      the rat.

PMID- 679047
TI  - beta-Bunungarotoxin induced neuronal degeneration in the chick embryo spinal
      cord.

PMID- 679048
TI  - Influence of intra-amygdaloid opiate injections on shock thresholds, tail-flick
      latencies and open field behaviour in rats.

PMID- 679049
TI  - Visual field representation in the newborn rabbit's cortex.
AB  - The representation of the visual field in the newborn rabbit's visual cortex
      appears on about the 10th day after the animal's birth coinciding with the time
      of its eye opening. Initially the visual response is obtained from a small
      anterolateral segment of the visual area of the cortex representing a few degrees
      of the extreme nasal vision of the animal. Even at this early stage, the visually
      responsive area of the rabbit's cortex seems to organize into V1 and V2 with the
      binocular response confined to V1 only. By the 15th day after the animal's birth,
      the visually responsive area in the newborn rabbit extends medially and
      posteriorly over the cortex, representing more of the animal's temporal and
      superior visual fields. By this time the binocular response is established over a
      narrow zone of the animal's visual cortex, representing a few degrees of the
      nasal visual field, on either side of the boundary between V1 and V2. Between the
      16th and 17th day after the rabbit's birth, the cortical representation of the
      animal's visual field extends medially to the margin of the fissura sagittalis
      lateralis and caudally to the posterior pole of the hemisphere. In this visually
      responsive area of the cortex, the band-shaped visual field of the newborn rabbit
      is asymmetrically represented.

PMID- 679050
TI  - alpha-Bungarotoxin-acetylcholine receptors in the chick ciliary ganglion: effects
      of deafferentation and axotomy.
AB  - alpha-Bungarotoxin (alpha-BuTX) binds in a saturable and practically irreversible
      fashion to membrane-associated receptors in the ciliary ganglion of the adult
      chick. The binding of toxin to receptors is competitively inhibited by nicotinic
      cholinergic ligands, and for these properties the receptors are regarded as
      acetylcholine receptors of the nicotinic type (alpha-buTX-AChRs). The rate
      constant of association (K1) and dissociation (K-1) of the toxin-receptor
      reaction has been estimated to be K1 = 7.4 x 104 M(-1) sec(-1) and K-1 = 9.6 X
      10(-6) sec(-1), respectively. Light autoradiography shows that most, if not all,
      the receptors are related to surface membrane, probably to synaptic areas of both
      choroid and ciliary neurons. The choroid neurons contain more receptors than the
      ciliary ones. A single chick ciliary ganglion binds specifically 47 fmole of
      alpha-BuTX in situ corresponding to 2.83 x 1010 alpha-BuTX-AChRs/ganglion. No
      changes in number and distribution of the toxin receptors occur following
      preganglionic denervation. Conversely, postganglionic axotomy causes a rapid
      disappearance of the receptors in situ. Since binding experiments in vitro
      revealed a partial, instead of a total, loss of the receptors, it is suggested
      that the disappearance of the receptors in situ includes both a partial loss of
      the original receptors and the masking of the residual ones.

PMID- 679051
TI  - Reversible hyperphagia and obesity following intracerebral microinjections of
      colchicine into the ventromedial hypothalamus of the rat.
AB  - Colchicine, a drug which produces a reversible inhibition of intraaxonal
      transport and synaptic transmission, was used as a reversible neural blocker to
      investigate the role of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) in the control of
      ingestive behavior and body weight regulation. Male Sprague-Dawley rats received
      intracranial microinjections of colchicine into the VMH. Volume and concentration
      of the colchicine solution were varied to assess specificity of action and dose
      response relationship. When colchicine (2 and 4 microgram) was microinjected
      bilaterally into the VMH, there was a dose-dependent increase in food and water
      intakes and body weight gain which lasted several days. The acute period of
      hyperphagia was followed by a marked depression in feeding which persisted until
      body weight was lowered to control levels. This suppression of feeding appeared
      to be a consequence of the preceding period of hyperphagia and obesity, since
      colchicine-treated rats which were pair-fed with controls to prevent obesity
      continued to maintain normal food intake and body weight gain when later fed ad
      libitum. The results of this study confirm the importance of the VMH in the long
      term regulation of feeding, and indicate that reversible neuronal blocking with
      colchicine is a useful technique for investigating the neural substrates of
      feeding and other behaviors.

PMID- 679052
TI  - Biotin deficiency and liver metabolism in relation to fatty liver and kidney
      syndrome.
AB  - Varying degrees of biotin deficiency were induced by adding freeze-dried, raw egg
      white to the diet of broiler chicks. Aspects of liver metabolism were studied
      with reference to fatty liver and kidney syndrome. Mortality was low with 11.8 g
      egg white/kg diet, or less, but with 17.7 g/kg or more, mortality was very high.
      High mortality was observed with less than 0.33 microgram biotin/g liver.
      Associated with low concentrations of liver biotin were substantial increases in
      liver weight and lipid content in starved birds. The increased liver lipid
      content was not observed in birds fed ad libitum. The increased liver lipid
      content in biotin-deficient, starved birds was not reflected in the specific
      activities of hepatic lipogenic enzymes or hepatic lipogenesis in vivo measured
      by the incorporation of tritium from 3H-labelled water into liver lipid. Biotin
      deficiency affected the specific activities of the biotin-requiring enzymes,
      pyruvate carboxylase and acetyl CoA carboxylase, differently; the latter was
      unaffected whereas the former decreased concomitantly with liver biotin
      concentration.

PMID- 679053
TI  - The tryptophan requirements of young laying pullets.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted with laying pullets between 32 and 47 weeks of
      age. In each trial 1728 White Leghorn and 1728 cross-bred pullets were used. A
      series of diets of increasing protein content was offered. Protein quality was
      identical in all diets and tryptophan was demonstrated to be the most limiting
      amino acid in the protein mixture used. The daily tryptophan requirement of the
      individual pullet was estimated, by indirect methods, to be 2.25 mg/g egg output
      plus 10.25 mg/kg body weight. Response curves for flocks of pullets are
      illustrated. Calculated optimum intakes of tryptophan for various ratios of costs
      of input to value of output are tabulated. It is estimated that for a flock of
      mean body weight 1.5 kg, producing 55 g egg mass/hen d and consuming 110 g
      food/hen d, the optimum dietary tryptophan concentration is 1.7 g/kg when the
      marginal cost of supplying 1 kg tryptophan is 20 times the marginal value of 1 kg
      egg output.

PMID- 679054
TI  - The effect of a single oral dose of nonprotein nitrogen from various sources on
      amino acid concentrations in the plasma and liver of the chick.
AB  - Broiler chicks were fed normally for 21 d, then starved overnight and given a
      single oral dose of an aqueous solution of diammonium hydrogen citrate (DAHC),
      triammonium citrate (TAC), ammonium lactate (AL) or urea equivalent to 24.76 mg
      N. Controls were given water. The concentrations of free amino acids in the
      plasma were measured 2, 4 or 6 h after dosing. The only non-essential amino acid
      significantly affected was glutamine, which increased in chicks given DAHC or TAC
      (P less than 0.01). In another experiment, non-protein nitrogen (NPN) from the
      same sources was given at dosages of 124 mg N per chick. The concentrations of
      free amino acids in the plasma and liver were determined 2, 4 or 6 h after
      dosing. NPN from all sources increased the amount of glutamic acid and glutamine
      in both tissues (P less than 0.001), although the response to urea was delayed.
      The concentrations of plasma aspartic acid (P less than 0.05), plasma alanine (P
      less than 0.001) and liver aspartic acid (P less than 0.001) also increased. The
      results are discussed in relation to earlier studies with liver homogenates in
      vitro.

PMID- 679055
TI  - Interrelationships between dietary concentrations of sodium, potassium and
      chloride in laying hens.
AB  - Twelve diets, representing the factorial combination of two concentrations of Cl-
      (0.8 and 1.4 g/kg), three concentrations of Na+ (0.5, 1.1 and 1.7 g/kg) and two
      concentrations of K+ (7 and 12 g/kg) were fed to groups of laying hens for 24
      weeks and records taken of their productivity. Different concentrations of Na+,
      K+ and Cl- showed highly significant interactions which were always similar.
      Thus, a deficiency of Na+ (0.5 g Na/kg) was aggravated by the restriction of Cl-
      (0.8 g/kg), but was partly compensated for by supplementing the diet with K+ (12
      instead of 7 g/kg). Without a sodium deficiency other interactions occurred; for
      example, the higher concentration of K+ became unfavourable if the other two ions
      were also supplied at the higher concentrations. These results show that, for the
      laying hen, the optimum concentrations of Na+, K+ and Cl- cannot be determined
      independently but depend upon the concentration of the two others in the diet.

PMID- 679056
TI  - The inheritance of tibial dyschondroplasia in broilers.
AB  - A breeding programme to develop a line of chickens with a high incidence of
      tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) from Australian broiler stock is described. Despite
      the absence of a control flock, this programme has demonstrated that selection in
      a broiler population can rapidly increase the incidence of TD. There was
      consistent circumstantial evidence of the presence of a major sex-linked gene,
      the recessive allele of which is associated with an increased incidence of TD.
      The realised heritability estimates (obtained in the absence of a control flock)
      consistently exceeded 1.00, suggesting the presence of an environmental trend
      favourable to the onset of TD over the four generations of this investigation.
      There was a high maternal component or dominance genetic component, or both, for
      the inheritance of TD in the final generation, suggesting that environmental
      factors associated with the female parent line may influence the incidence of TD
      in broilers.

PMID- 679057
TI  - Studies on the avian shell gland during egg formation: the effect of
      acetazolamide on the composition of the mucosa.
AB  - The effect of acetazolamide, an inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase activity, on the
      intracellular composition of the shell gland mucosa was determined. The normal
      cyclic hydration of the mucosal cells was found to be reduced when the egg was in
      the uterus and the partition of the water between the intra- and extracellular
      compartments was modified. Acetazolamide decreased the accumulation of Na+ within
      the cells, inhibited the Na+-independent movement of Cl- and reduced the transfer
      of Cl- linked with Na+. It is concluded that acetazolamide blocks the
      intracellular generation of HCO3- and the reabsorption of Cl-.

PMID- 679058
TI  - Studies on the avian shell gland during egg formation: the effect of
      acetazolamide on the transfer of ions to the albumen.
AB  - Twenty-five laying hens were fed on a diet containing 100 mg acetazolamide/kg in
      order to determine the effects of a decrease in the activity of carbonic
      anhydrase on the transfer of minerals to the egg albumen. Treatment with
      acetazolamide decreased the rate of shell formation by 44%; reduced the
      concentrations of water and Na+ in the albumen at the beginning of the plumping
      stage but increased the accumulation of water during plumping; increased the
      concentration of Cl- in the albumen after the 6-h stage without any appreciable
      change in K+ and Ca2+ concentrations. The computed relationships between the
      concentrations of different ions also showed that the transfer of water and Na+
      were linked during egg formation, that a water-independent, acetazolamide
      sensitive reabsorption of Na+ occurred after the 10-h stage and that Na+ and Cl-
      moved simultaneously up to 14 h but with the ratio of Cl- to Na+ three times
      higher in the treated group. It is concluded that acetazolamide impairs the
      transfer of Na+ and Cl- between the albumen and the extracellular fluid and that
      secretion of Ca2+ into the uterine lumen seems to depend on Na+ and Cl-
      reabsorption.

PMID- 679059
TI  - Twisted legs in broilers.
AB  - The effect of various factors on the incidence of leg abnormalities, with
      particular reference to twisted leg, in broilers was studied. The incidence of
      twisted legs was influenced by strain and for males was twice that for females.
      There was also a higher incidence in cages than on litter with the type of cage
      floor having an effect: broilers reared on floors of metal wire and perforated
      sheets had more leg problems than those reared on plastic mats and plastic
      covered wire. Although vitamin and mineral supplementation had no effect on caged
      broilers, a restriction of metabolisable energy (ME) intake during the first 14 d
      after hatching halved the frequency of leg abnormalities compared with those fed
      ad libitum. Studies of cage size and location of water suggested that a lack of
      exercise increases the incidence of leg abnormalities.

PMID- 679060
TI  - Effects of age on the tryptophan requirement of laying hens.
AB  - White Leghorn pullets which had been used for an assay of tryptophan requirement
      between 32 and 40 weeks of age were used for similar determinations between 63
      and 73 and, after a moult, from 97 to 106 weeks of age. A tryptophan-limiting
      protein mixture was used and by dilution seven dietary protein contents were
      produced, supplying from 0.84 to 1.92 g tryptophan/kg diet. The diet of lowest
      protein content was also supplemented with free tryptophan. These diets were fed
      in experiments using 24 groups of 72 pullets at 63 to 73 weeks and 45 groups of
      21 hens at 97 to 106 weeks. The relationship between egg output and tryptophan
      intake was the same in moulted hens as in young pullets, but pullets of 63 to 73
      weeks of age yielded a different response curve; more tryptophan being needed for
      a given egg output. It is concluded that tryptophan required, per day, does not
      decrease during the first laying year, despite a decrease in rate of egg output.

PMID- 679061
TI  - [Research in pharmaceutical industry, the driving energy of development].

PMID- 679062
TI  - [Cost of health services utilized by the rural population].

PMID- 679063
TI  - [Comparison of health services utilization by the rural population and those
      coming under the provisions of Social Security].

PMID- 679064
TI  - Ultrastructure of the dolipore-parenthesome septum in Hirschiporus pargamenus
      (Polyporaceae).
AB  - The septal complex in hyphae of Hirshioporus pargamenus (Fr.) Bond. & Sing. is
      generally similar to that described for other Homobasidiomycetes. A noteworthy
      distinction is the presence of imperforate parenthesomes. A dark line is
      frequently observed in the inner matrix of the parenthesome. We suggest that this
      line is an image produced by the overlapping of folded, opposing membranes
      differentiated from the wall endoplasmic reticulum.

PMID- 679065
TI  - Morphology microstructure, and development of colonies of Acetobacter xylinum.
AB  - Development of the morphology and microstructure of colonies of Acetobacter
      xylinum growing on agar was studied by optical microscopy, and transmission and
      scanning electron microscopy. The mass of rapidly dividing cells surrounded by a
      sheath of cellulose microfibrils passes from a smooth spheroid to a flattened
      aggregate with a characteristic "pillowed" surface. This morphology is the result
      of a repeated extrusion of cells from the confirming sheath, followed by
      regeneration of a new portion of the sheath on the extrusion of cells from the
      confirming sheath, followed by regeneration of a new portion of the sheath on the
      extruded cell mass. Relations of this mechanism to others which produce similar
      shapes are indicated.

PMID- 679066
TI  - Isolation anc characterization of actinophages of Thermoactinomyces and
      Micropolyspora.
AB  - Two new actionphages infecting thermophilic actinomycetes were isolated from
      lysogenic cultures of Thermoactinomyces candidus and Micropolyspora faeni. The
      physiochemical properties, morphology, host range, electron microscopy, and
      immunology of the two phages, phi-115A (ATCC 29680-B1) and phi-150A (ATCC 29681
      B1), are reported.

PMID- 679067
TI  - Difference in generation times for mother and daughter cells in yeasts.
AB  - Fruitless attempts to synchronize haploid yeast cells from the
      Phargmobasidiomycete Sirobasidium magnum led to the discovery that the mother and
      daughter cells (MDC) had greatly different generation times. Time-lapse
      photographic sequences of budding showed that the mean generation time for
      daughter cells was more than three times greater than that for mother cells. This
      growth characteristic could be determined by a spot check of the microcolony
      pattern on agar. Using such a check, yeast strains of Rhodotorula
      (Rhodosporidium) and Cryptococcus that were tested demonstrated relative MDC
      equivalence while those of Sporobolomyces, Bullera, and Tremella showed MDC non
      equivalence in varying degrees.

PMID- 679068
TI  - Possible association of granulocyte mobilization to the peritoneal cavity with
      ZnCl2-induced protection against endotoxin.
AB  - We have attempted to determine which components of the inflammatory response are
      responsible for ZnCl2-induced retention of endotoxin in the peritoneal cavity and
      enhancement of survival following challange with the toxin. ZnCl2 injected
      intraperitoneally into mice caused accumulation of granulocytes in the peritoneal
      cavity, but these cells were apparently not responsible for the trapping process.
      This contention in supported by our observation that reduction of hepatosplenic
      uptake of 51CR-labeled endotonxin was similar in unirradiated mice and in mice
      made by irradiation (1000 rad 60 Co) 1 rad = 10 (-2) J/kg). Hepatosplenic uptake
      was also depressed when untreated mice were injected with endotoxin suspended in
      cell-free plasma. Furthermore, zinc did not protect irradiated mice challanged
      with endotoxin, although it enhanced survival in urirradiated animals. Lack of
      protection in irradiated mice may be due to a deficiency in the cellular response
      in the peritoneal cavity.

PMID- 679069
TI  - The transport of microbial biomass and suspended material in a high-marsh creek.
AB  - The transport of microbial biomass and suspended material in a high-marsh creek
      was investigated during four 40-h tidal studies throughout the year. Although
      considerable differences were noted between successive tidal cycles, overall the
      creek was found to be an exporting system and transported a mean concentration of
      ATP (-33g), chlorophyll a (-66g), particulate organic carbon (-31kg), total
      suspended material (-344kg), and fixed suspended material (-195kg) during each
      tidal cycle. This net outward flux of materials was associated with a net flow of
      water out of creek, while the net import of aerobic, heterotrophic bacteria (43 x
      10(12)) and volatile suspended material (238kg) was generally due to higher mean
      concentrations of these materials per unit volume of water during the flooding
      tide. Also the latter generally were associated with increased amounts of
      suspended material suggesting an association between bacteria and suspended
      matter.

PMID- 679070
TI  - The microbial degradation of cyclohexanecarboxylic acid by a beta-oxidation
      pathway with simultaneous induction to the utilization of benzoate.
AB  - The metabolism of cyclohexanecarboxylic acid by a bacterium, designated PRL W19,
      follows a pathway involving beta-oxidation of coenzyme A intermediates analogous
      to the classical oxidation of fatty acids. The organism appears to have the
      property for the constitutive metabolism of caproic acid, and cell extracts
      contain high levels of the enzymes required for the functioning of the fatty acid
      cycle. However, the metabolism of cyclohexanecarboxylic acid requires induction
      by growth or incubation with an appropriate substrate. Extracts of induced cells
      contain several enzyme activities which are synthesized in response to the
      induction process. These enzymes include cyclohexanecarboxyl-CoA synthetase,
      cyclohexanecarboxyl-CoA dehydrogenase, 1-cyclohexenecarboxyl-CoA hydratase, and
      trans-2-hydroxycyclohexanecarboxyl-CoA dehydrogenase. A characteristics feature
      of this organism is that it becomes induced for the metabolism of benzoate and
      catechol during growth on cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, but benzoate does not
      appear to be an obligatory intermediate in the metabolism of
      cyclohexanecarboxylic acid.

PMID- 679071
TI  - Lipopolysaccharides of the motile aeromonads; core oligosaccharide analysis as an
      aid to taxonomic classification.
AB  - Twelve motile Aeromonas strains have been examined with respect to the hexose and
      heptose monosaccharide residures present in the core region of their cell wall
      lipopolysaccharides. These strains were divided into three distinctly separate
      groups on the basis of the various combinations of hexose and heptose residues.
      The assignment of a strain to any one of the three groups furnishes a
      distribution which is substantially the same as that recently reported in a
      computerbased numerical analysis. All strains tested which were previoulsy named
      A. liquefaciens fall into the same group.

PMID- 679072
TI  - Necrotrophic mycoparasitism of Ceratocystic fimbriata by Hirschioporus pargamenus
      (Polyporaceae).
AB  - Necortrophic mycoparasitism by Hirschioporus parganenus (Fr.) Bond. & Sing. on
      selected non-basidiomycetous fungi is characterized by rapid necrosis of host
      cytoplasm. Invagination of the host plasmalemma is followed by the production of
      a conspicuous extraplasmalemmal wall deposit. Necrosis is the result of
      disruption of membrane systems and is followed  by the penetration of dead host
      cells. Pathogenesis involves an unidentified toxic substance excreted by the
      parasite. Contact is not essential.

PMID- 679073
TI  - The effect of compounds which degrade hydrogen peroxide on the enumeration of
      heat-stressed cells of Salmonella senftenberg.
AB  - Greater than 90% of heat-stressed cells of Salmonella senftenberg failed to grow
      on trypticase soy agar. Adding to this medium compounds which are capable of
      degrading hydrogen peroxide allowed growth of the heat-injured cells. These
      compounds did not stimulate growth of heated cells of Streptococcus faecium, an
      organism which does not possess catalase.

PMID- 679074
TI  - Noninvasive evaluation of the carotid circulation.

PMID- 679075
TI  - Clinical experience with the newer hepatobiliary radiopharmaceuticals.
AB  - Technetium 99m-labelled hepatobiliary imaging agents provide high resolution
      images not previously possible with rose bengal labelled with iodine 131. This
      has prompted a re-examination of the utility of these radioactive
      pharmaceuticals. We have found that the newer methodology provides a rapid,
      innocuous and accurate means of excluding acute cholecystitis from the diagnosis
      in patients with symptoms suggestive of this disease and of assessing surgically
      altered biliary anatomy. In the presence of moderate bilirubinemia, up to about
      85.5 to 103 mumol/L [5 to 6 mg/dL], a definitive distinction can be made between
      medical and surgical jaundice.

PMID- 679076
TI  - Recurrent duodenal ulcer.
AB  - In the past 6 years 26 patients underwent operation for recurrent duodenal ulcer
      after what was considered to be an "adequate" initial operation. In such patients
      it is necessary first to demonstrate the recurrent ulcer and then to determine
      its cause. Endoscopy was the best means of confirming the diagnosis. The cause of
      recurrence was determined by tests for gastric acid secretion; 70% of patients
      had hyperacidity and 80% had positive results of the Hollander test. Treatment is
      always surgical but varies depending on the type of initial surgery, the primary
      cause of recurrence and the condition of the patient. Ten patients underwent
      vagotomy, 12 had vagotomy with antrectomy and 4 had antrectomy alone. There were
      no operative deaths but nine (35%) patients experienced 11 significant
      postoperative complications.

PMID- 679077
TI  - Reoperation following failure of aortoiliofemoral arterial reconstruction.
AB  - Over a 19-year period, 729 primary arterial reconstructions for aneurysmal and
      occlusive disease of the aortoiliac arterial system were performed at the Health
      Sciences Centre, Winnipeg. During the same interval 49 of these reconstructions
      required reoperation and 6 additional cases were referred for secondary repair
      from other institutions. The authors reviewed these 55 cases to determine the
      reasons for reoperation and the cumulative results of secondary repair. Secondary
      arterial repair was performed in 11.5% of cases of occlusive disease and in 1.2%
      of cases of aneurysmal disease. The overall frequency of reoperation was 6.7%.
      The mean interval between primary and secondary operation was 31.5 months.
      Perioperative failure, false aneurysm, graft infection, progression of disease
      and late technical problems were the major reasons for reoperation. Of the
      secondary repairs the results in 83.6% were satisfactory at 30 days. At 5 years,
      57% of secondary repairs at risk remained satisfactory. The operative mortality
      for secondary arterial repair was 5.4%. The authors believe that continued
      aggressive management of failed primary aortoiliac reconstructions is justified.

PMID- 679078
TI  - Role of Doppler ultrasonography in determining the hemodynamic significance of
      aortoiliac disease.
AB  - Doppler ultrasound recordings from the common femoral artery were quantified by
      calculation of the pulsatility index (a number of related to the maximum
      oscillatory energy of the wave). To demonstrate that the index permits detection
      of hemodynamically significant aortoiliac stenosis, studies were carried out that
      led to the following conclusions: (a) in patients with aortoiliac occlusive
      disease and normal distal vessels, the index correlates with the ankle pressure
      ratio (the ratio of systolic blood pressure at the ankle to brachial systolic
      blood pressure) (r = 0.70); (b) the index allows distinction of subjects with
      significant aortoiliac disease, demonstrated arteriographically, from normal
      subjects; and (c) in patients with pure aortoiliac occlusive disease (no evidence
      of distal disease on arteriography) there is a strong correlation between the
      index and the percentage improvement (i.e., increase) in the ankle pressure ratio
      following operation (r = 0.80). When the femoral  pulsatility index was greater
      than 5, the ankle pressure ratio did not improve following operation, but when it
      was 4 or less, an objective improvement in ankle pressure ratio was demonstrated.

PMID- 679079
TI  - Oropharyngeal dysphagia in patients with oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy.
AB  - Sixteen patients with an established diagnosis of oculopharyngeal muscular
      dystrophy underwent clinical, radiologic and manometric assessment. Secondary
      pharyngo-oral and pharyngonasal regurgitations are usually associated with this
      condition and chronic aspiration with consequent bronchorrhea is common. Such
      patients may present with marked oropharyngeal dysphagia. Cineradiologic findings
      correlated well with the mamometric results. The pharynx showed very weak
      contractions of longer duration than those observed in normal subjects. The
      proximal esophageal sphincter had a normal resting and closing pressure; however,
      relaxation and coordination of the sphincter were substantially different from
      those in a control group. Eleven patients underwent cricopharyngeal myotomy. All
      had notable improvement of their symptoms. Surgery on the sphincter results in a
      substantial decrease in its resting pressure; pharyngeal contraction remains
      unaltered.

PMID- 679080
TI  - Antibiotics in surgery of the colon.
AB  - In a randomized prospective study of patients undergoing elective colonic surgery
      the postoperative wound infection rate was 13% (early, 10%) in patients receiving
      systemic cephaloridine perioperatively and 12% (early, 7.3%) in those given oral
      neomycin and erythromycin base preoperatively. Wound infections were more
      frequent in patients with severe lymphopenia or hypoalbuminemia preoperatively,
      but the potential degree of wound contamination was the main determinant of
      postoperative infection.

PMID- 679081
TI  - Importance of a fifth parathyroid gland in the surgical treatment of
      hyperparathyroidism.
AB  - Of 365 patients surgically treated for hyperparathyroidism at the University of
      Toronto hospitals, 3 had hypercalcemia due to an abnormal and ectopic fifth
      parathyroid gland. Autopsy studies have shown that a fifth gland may be present
      in 3% to 5% of patients with hyperparathyroidism. The possibility of an abnormal
      fifth gland as the cause of primary hyperparathyroidism should be considered when
      four glands of normal size and histology have been found in the neck, and such a
      gland should be sought in all patients with the diffuse hyperplasia of secondary
      hyperparathyroidism. The fifth gland is usually in the lower neck or upper
      mediastinum, frequently within the thymus. If present, it can usually be
      recognized and excised.

PMID- 679082
TI  - Aspiration and gastroesophageal reflux.
AB  - Gastroesophageal reflux is the commonest esophageal cause of chronic intermittent
      aspiration. The authors investigated 1000 consecutive patients with reflux with
      reference to their medical history, and by barium esophagography, esophageal
      manometry and pH studies. In patients with respiratory complications, chest
      roentgenography and pulmonary function tests were also performed. Of the total
      number, 279 patients aspirated either by coughing and choking during swallowing
      or as a result of night reflux; of these, 159 had associated respiratory
      symptoms, which included cough, voice change, recurrent respiratory infection,
      bronchiectasis and asthma. Of the patients with aspiration, 120 had surgical
      correction of reflux because conservative management failed. This form of reflux
      control improved the symptoms of cough and voice change and the condition of
      patients with recurrent infections or bronchiectasis, but alleviated the symptoms
      in only 8 of 28 asthmatic persons.

PMID- 679083
TI  - The anterior interosseous nerve syndrome.
AB  - A review of the literature pertaining to the anterior interosseous nerve (AIN)
      syndrome revealed that the diagnostic criteria for this syndrome need to be
      defined. The authors describe the etiology of the AIN syndrome and use two cases
      of their own and 52 cases reported in the English literature to draw up a
      definition of the diagnostic criteria. The recommended criteria are: (a)
      demonstrable weakness of muscles innervated by the anterior interosseous nerve;
      (b) electromyographic findings of marked denervation potentials and decreased or
      absent voluntary motor unit potentials of these muscles; (c) operative evidence
      of entrapment of, or injury to, the anterior interosseous nerve; and (d) improved
      power in the muscles and reversal of the electromyographic changes on follow-up
      after operation.

PMID- 679084
TI  - Renal artery embolism: diagnosis and treatment.
AB  - A 59-year-old woman presented with flank pain, atrial fibrillation and a
      nonfunctioning left kidney. A diagnosis of renal artery embolism was made and she
      was treated successfully by embolectomy. A review of the literature reaffirms the
      role of embolectomy, even in cases with delayed diagnosis.

PMID- 679085
TI  - Cake kidney with abdominal aneurysm.
AB  - The authors describe a case of cake kidney occurring in association with a
      ruptured abdominal aneurysm with special reference to preoperative evaluation by
      angiography. They discuss the need to prepare these patients for possible in-vivo
      or ex-vivo renal manipulation during the removal of the aneurysm and the
      placement of the Dacron graft.

PMID- 679086
TI  - Interstitial pregnancy following ipsilateral salpingo-oophorectomy.
AB  - A case of interstitial pregnancy, which occurred 12 years after ipsilateral
      salpingo-oophorectomy, was managed by cornual wedge resection. Internal
      (transuterine) migration of the fertilized ovum is the most probable explanation
      for this ectopic gestation. During the past 10 years three other cases of
      interstitial gestation have been managed at St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, an
      incidence of 3% of all ectopic pregnancies seen at the hospital during that
      period.

PMID- 679087
TI  - Total replacement of the hip joint affected by Paget's diseases.
AB  - In seven patients with Paget's disease involving the bones about the hip joint,
      associated degenerative changes of the joint caused such severe pain and
      disability that total hip replacement was necessary. The results were uniformly
      satisfactory and no serious complications were encountered.

PMID- 679088
TI  - Electron microscopy in diagnosis of eye, skin and genital lesions.

PMID- 679089
TI  - Psychiatry and the general internist.

PMID- 679091
TI  - Insurance and the medical profession.

PMID- 679090
TI  - Colchicine therapy.

PMID- 679092
TI  - Increased cyanide values in a laetrile user.

PMID- 679093
TI  - Prevention or cure?

PMID- 679094
TI  - Assisted respiration.

PMID- 679095
TI  - The wondering, wandering patient.

PMID- 679096
TI  - The paramedic ambulance: a Canadian experience.
AB  - Prehospital critical care provided by specially trained ambulance attendants in
      New Westminster, BC during a 27-month period was studied. Although the most
      important benefit of the improved care was the prevention of sudden death in a
      large proportion of persons with crises due to coronary artery disease, the
      skills learned to provide basic life support are applicable to a wide variety of
      other disorders that can result in death before the patient reaches hospital.

PMID- 679097
TI  - Calcium infusion and pentagastrin injection in diagnosis of medullary thyroid
      carcinoma.
AB  - Calcium infusion and pentagastrin injection were compared as tests to stimulate
      calcitonin secretion for the detection of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid.
      Plasma concentrations of immunoreactive calcitonin were measured by
      radioimmunoassay before and during both stimulation tests in 2 persons who had
      been found at operation to have medullary thyroid carcinoma, 1 relative in whom a
      cervical lymph node biopsy had shown medullary thyroid carcinoma and 36
      asymptomatic relatives. The tests were carried out on separate days by
      intravenous infusion of calcium gluconate for 2 hours, to provide 3.75 mg/kg of
      elemental calcium per hour, and rapid intravenous injection of 0.5 microgram/kg
      of pentagastrin. Before stimulation immunoreactive calcitonin was undetectable in
      the plasma of 34 of the 36 asymptomatic persons; the 2 with elevated baseline
      concentrations of the hormone had a positive response to both tests. Seven others
      showed an increase in plasma immunoreactive calcitonin concentration only after
      pentagastrin injection. The two persons with initially elevated values and three
      of the seven with increased values after pentagastrin injection were found at
      subsequent operation to have focal medullary carcinoma and parafollicular cell
      hyperplasia; after the operation immunoreactive calcitonin was undetectable in
      the plasma, even after stimulation. Rapid injection of pentagastrin is more
      reliable than slow infusion of calcium as a stimulation test for the early
      detection of medullary thyroid carcinoma.

PMID- 679098
TI  - Prinzmetal's angina, normal coronary arteries and pericarditis.
AB  - A woman with Prinzmetal's variant angina had spontaneous attacks of myocardial
      ischemia characterized by severe chest pain, hypotension, inferior ST-segment
      elevation, transient complete heart block and selective right ventricular
      dysfunction. Despite initial improvement following intravenous administration of
      atropine and sublingual administration of nitroglycerin she died of cardiogenic
      shock. Autopsy showed normal coronary arteries and acute pericarditis, more
      pronounced over the right side of the heart. It is postulated that the
      pericardial inflammation elicited severe spasm of the subjacent right coronary
      artery.

PMID- 679099
TI  - Carbon monoxide poisoning and nonoliguric acute renal failure.
AB  - Carbon monoxide poisoning in a 37-year-old man was complicated by neurologic
      damage, skin changes, muscle necrosis and nonoliguric renal failure. The relation
      between nontraumatic rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure in carbon monoxide
      poisoning is reviewed. Recognition of the acute renal failure in such cases is
      important, for this complication can be fatal; the prognosis is excellent,
      however, if proper medical management is provided.

PMID- 679100
TI  - Biofeedback treatment of blepharospasm with spasmodic torticollis.

PMID- 679101
TI  - Is the age of unreason upon us?

PMID- 679103
TI  - Breast cancer discovery still not shown to prolong life.

PMID- 679102
TI  - Science outpacing ethical studies in genetics.

PMID- 679104
TI  - Megavitamin therapy: evidence still sketchy.

PMID- 679105
TI  - [Good administration of a medical office: evaluation and assignment of
      personnel].

PMID- 679106
TI  - Hyperactivity and diet.

PMID- 679107
TI  - Code of ethics.

PMID- 679108
TI  - The Canadian general internist.

PMID- 679109
TI  - Irrigation of eyes of newborns following instillation of silver nitrate.

PMID- 679110
TI  - Report on hypertension.

PMID- 679111
TI  - Tribute to Dr. Charles H. Best.

PMID- 679112
TI  - Air transport of infants in Newfoundland and Labrador.
AB  - Air transportation of 33 infants in small unpressurized aircraft over long
      distances is described. Twenty-six of the infants were transported more than 320
      km in environmental temperatures varying from -35 to +21 degrees C. A
      commercially available incubator was used. Although more than half the infants
      had a rectal temperature within the normal range at the time of arrival at
      hospital, 12 infants had rectal temperatures above 37.5 degrees C as a result of
      efforts to diminish heat loss. Adequate oxygenation of infants at 3000 m in
      unpressurized aircraft can be difficult. Cold and vibration can affect equipment,
      and at high altitudes the readings from oxygen analysers may not be true. The use
      of an expanded transport team, which includes experienced nonmedical personnel,
      is particularly important in these cases.

PMID- 679113
TI  - Preservation of pre-excitation despite acute myocardial infarction complicated by
      complete heart block.
AB  - In a 53-year-old man with ventricular pre-excitation (normal PR interval, QRS
      interval of 0.12 seconds and delta-waves) acute inferior wall myocardial
      infarction was complicated by, successively, first-degree atrioventricular block,
      second-degree atrioventricular block (Wenckebach type) and complete heart block.
      The QRS pattern of pre-excitation was preserved throughout these events. The
      classification of ventricular pre-excitation is reviewed and the correlation
      between the various electrocardiographic patterns (the Wolff-Parkinson-White
      syndrome and its variants and the Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome) and the anomalous
      conduction pathways of Kent, James and Mahaim are discussed. In this case the
      best possible explanation for preservation of pre-excitation during complete
      heart block was the existence of accessory fibres of Mahaim.

PMID- 679114
TI  - Hypophosphatemia associated with coma.
AB  - In three cases of severe hypophosphatemia profound coma was associated. Although
      the occurrence of hypophosphatemia appeared to coincide with a high rate of
      intravenous administration of glucose and water, two of the three patients had
      liver disease and the other had hypothermia. In two instances the neurologic
      status improved with intravenous phosphate therapy. These case reports emphasize
      the importance of early recognition and treatment of profound hypophosphatemia in
      critically ill patients.

PMID- 679116
TI  - A rare cause of massive intraperitoneal hemorrhage.

PMID- 679115
TI  - Prosthetic valve endocarditis due to Mycobacterium fortuitum.

PMID- 679117
TI  - Computer-assisted medicine: the elephantine memory problem.

PMID- 679118
TI  - International cruiselines in hot water over poor sanitation.

PMID- 679119
TI  - Planners in the works.

PMID- 679120
TI  - Why should you give a dram?

PMID- 679121
TI  - Accidents in endotracheal intubation.

PMID- 679122
TI  - Pilot study of high-protein, high-vitamin, low-carbohydrate, sugar-free diet in
      learning-disabled children.

PMID- 679123
TI  - An international nomenclature of diseases.

PMID- 679124
TI  - Code of ethics.

PMID- 679125
TI  - Women physicians and continuing education.

PMID- 679126
TI  - Relief of pain by infiltration of autonomic ganglia with steroids.

PMID- 679127
TI  - Diagnostic efficacy of tests for the detection of iron overload in chronic liver
      disease.
AB  - The value of tests for the detection of body iron overload was investigated in 8
      patients with clinically manifest primary hemochromatosis, 12 patients with
      cirrhosis and iron overload and 20 patients with liver disease and low or normal
      iron stores. Iron overload was defined as the presence of stainable iron in more
      than 50% of hepatocytes in a liver biopsy specimen. The percentages of patients
      with a true-positive (abnormal) or true-negative (normal) result were: serum iron
      concentration 65%, transferin saturation 85%, serum ferritin concentration 78%,
      serum ferritin:serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) index 78%, percent
      iron absorption 58%, percent iron absorption in relation to serum ferritin
      concentration 80% and percent iron absorption in relation to serum ferritin:SGOT
      index 93%. The calculated predictive value of a normal test result for the
      exclusion of iron overload in patients with liver disease, a group with an
      assumed prevalence of iron overload of 10%, was 98% to 99% for transferrin
      saturation and serum ferritin concentration used alone and 100% for these
      measures used together; the predictive value of an abnormal result for the
      diagnosis of iron overload was less than 50% for all of the above measures used
      alone or in combination. Hence, in patients with an increased serum ferritin
      concentration or transferrin saturation, or both, determination of the
      hepatocellular iron content of a specimen from a percutaneous liver biopsy is
      required for the diagnosis of iron overload.

PMID- 679128
TI  - Person-to-person transmission of Giardia lamblia in day-care nurseries.
AB  - In an outbreak of giardiasis at two day-care nurseries in metropolitan Toranto
      Giardia lamblia appeared to be transmitted person to person. No common source of
      infection could be found. The proportions of children infected in the two
      nurseries were 39% and 17%; infection was spread to 7% and 23% of their household
      contacts. Of the infected children and household contacts 26% and 30%
      respectively of those for whom detailed information could be obtained were
      symptomatic. Canadian children were more likely to be infected and symptomatic
      than were immigrant children attending the nurseries. The most susceptible ages
      for infection were 1 to 3 years. The results of this study suggest that all
      children in day-care nurseries who are infected with G. lamblia should be
      treated, regardless of whether they are symptomatic.

PMID- 679129
TI  - The staging and treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer.
AB  - Recent advances in the staging of ovarian cancer have suggested that many
      patients with apparently localized (stage I or II) disease have occult
      dissemination within the abdomen. Approximately 20% of patients classified at
      laparotomy as having stage I or II ovarian cancer are found by lymphangiography
      to have abnormal retroperitoneal lymph nodes. In many other patients advanced
      disease is also detected by peritonescopy; with this technique metastases are
      often discovered on the undersurface of the right diaphragm. These findings may
      help explain the high rates of recurrence after surgical resection or pelvic
      irradiation, or both, in patients with localized disease. Studies are in progress
      to determine whether modification of the radiotherapy field to include the right
      diaphragm will improve survival. Along with improved staging, histologic grading
      of the degree of anaplasia of the tumour tissue may permit more precise
      determination of prognosis and therefore better design of therapy. Adjuvant
      radiotherapy has not yet been shown to improve the survival of patients with
      stage I disease, but the 5-year survival of patients with stage II disease is
      greater for those receiving postoperative radiotherapy than for those undergoing
      surgery alone. For most patients with advanced disease radiotherapy is palliative
      only and carries a high risk of long-term complications. Numerous
      chemotherapeutic agents used singly can produce an objective response by tumour.
      Preliminary data suggest that combination chemotherapy can increase the rate of
      objective response, but a longer follow-up period is necessary to determine
      whether this form of therapy can improve survival.

PMID- 679130
TI  - Contact dermatitis caused by spouse's perfume and cologne.

PMID- 679132
TI  - CMA counterattack on myth of health costs begins to show success.

PMID- 679131
TI  - Bone marrow acid phosphatase concentrations in individuals with prostatic
      carcinoma or other disorders.

PMID- 679133
TI  - Medidal research in Canada: a threatened national resource.

PMID- 679134
TI  - Abstract art.

PMID- 679135
TI  - The "family" of psychiatry.

PMID- 679136
TI  - Psychosocial adjustment of the offspring of psychiatric inpatients: the effect of
      alcoholic, depressive and schizophrenic parentage.

PMID- 679137
TI  - Diagnosis of schizophrenia.
AB  - Case records of ninety consecutive first lifetime admissions with a hospital
      diagnosis of schizophrenia were examined for Schneiderian first rank symptoms,
      the Feighner diagnostic criteria, and the New Haven Schizophrenia Index.
      Diagnostic exclusion criteria were developed and applied. It is concluded that
      the hospital diagnosis of schizophrenia is likely to be too broad. Each
      diagnostic system can increase accuracy of diagnosis, but their exclusion
      criteria are too vague and the system would be improved by using those given
      here. Each diagnostic system selects similar groups of patients, and can be
      applied retrospectively to adequate case records.

PMID- 679138
TI  - Social class, symptom type and the utilization of children's psychiatric
      services: some comparative Canadian data.

PMID- 679139
TI  - University students, mental health and development.
AB  - University students of the late 1960s and 1970s have been included in a study of
      factors affecting their mental health and academic functioning in many countries
      and cultures. Social change and intergenerational conflict were seen to be almost
      inseparable as social, economic and political concerns involve both students and
      their countries. Results of studies at Dalhousie University, six British
      universities, and the University of Singapore are examined in light of the
      socioeconomic problems existing at the time. High unemployment of university
      graduates, a growing factor in developing and developed nations, is pointed to as
      a major stress during a university education in the late 1970s.

PMID- 679140
TI  - Suicidal behaviour in Halifax, Nova Scotia: with some general observations.

PMID- 679141
TI  - Criteria for early diagnosis of brain dysfunction.

PMID- 679142
TI  - The superior-mesenteric-artery syndrome: cause or complication of anorexia
      nervosa?
AB  - The so-called superior-mesenteric-artery syndrome is not mentioned in psychiatric
      journals or books. Yet two variations of the condition have been described. In
      its acute form, it can be mistaken for psychogenic vomiting in anorexic patients,
      while its chronic intermittent form is readily misdiagnosed as anorexia nervosa.
      The case report is of a 16 year old boy admitted for investigation and treatment
      of severe weight loss. He initially responded to a modified behaviour program,
      but within days developed an acute small-bowel obstruction. Superior-mesenteric
      artery syndrome was diagnosed and he improved with appropriate medical
      management. This condition needs to be considered by the psychiatrist who
      otherwise might not differentiate it from the symptoms of anorexia nervosa.

PMID- 679143
TI  - Consistency in the diagnosis of the functional psychoses.
AB  - A review of the case books of 868 patients who had been admitted into a
      psychiatric hospital from January 1, 1970, to December 31, 1973, was carried out
      for consistency in the pattern of diagnosis by the same or different
      psychiatrists. Of these, 16.5% had a revision in diagnosis. The pertinent
      literature was reviewed. The possible factors that contribute to the observed
      inconsistency in diagnosis in this and other investigations are discussed. It is
      concluded that the problems as reflected in the significant change in diagnosis
      in this study are multifactorial. It is suggested that these problems may be
      related to the unknown etiology of the functional psychoses and the absence of
      identifiable specific lesions.

PMID- 679144
TI  - Treatment of malignant ovarian germ cell tumors: response to vincristine,
      dactinomycin, and cyclophosphamide (preliminary report).
AB  - From November 1971 to November 1975, 27 patients with malignant germ cell tumors
      of the ovary (excluding pure dysgerminoma and tumors containing trophoblastic
      elements) were treated with vincristine, dactinomycin, and cyclophosphamide; 12
      patients received other therapy. Fourteen tumors were pure endodermal sinus
      tumors, two were embryonal carcinomas, 11 were mixed germ cell tumors and 12 were
      immature teratomas. Of 23 patients with surgically resected disease (Stages I
      IIA) only seven have failed. Median follow-up for 16 patients remaining free of
      disease is 24.5 months. Restaging (second-look) laparotomies were done in 15
      patients. Eight were negative. Fifteen of the patients had tumors with endodermal
      sinus elements. Six of these have failed. Of 16 patients with advanced disease
      (Stage IIB, III and recurrent), eight have responded to chemotherapy, eight have
      failed. Median follow-up period for those remaining free of disease is 26.5
      months. Six have had negative second-look surgery and one had mature teratoma.
      Four of eight cases which contained endodermal sinus elements responded to
      chemotherapy and remain disease-free. Grade 3 hematologic toxicity was seen in
      eight patients, dose-limiting gastrointestinal toxicity in five patients, dose
      limiting neurotoxicity in five patients.

PMID- 679145
TI  - Primary extranodal lymphoma: response to treatment and factors influencing
      prognosis.
AB  - The cumulative 10 year lymphoma experience of a teaching hospital and two of its
      affiliated institutions was reviewed. From this group, a series of 39 cases of
      regionally localized primary extranodal lymphomas (Ann Arbor Stages IE and IIE)
      were selected for study. This group of patients was analyzed for response to
      initial curative treatment and factors influencing prognosis. The disease-free
      survival rate following initial treatment is 41% and the rate is 51% if those
      treated for a single relapse are included. Factors which clearly influence
      prognosis in this group are stage (extent of disease) at presentation and
      Rappaport histologic subclassification. The relationships of anatomic site and
      age to prognosis independent of other factors are unclear. There appears to be an
      association between sites of involvement in Waldeyer's Ring and the
      gastrointestinal tract seen both initially and in sites of relapse. An analysis
      of relapse patterns revealed that 33% of relapses occur as solitary extranodal
      "skip" recurrences that when treated with radical local treatment may result in
      long disease-free survival. The latter is one of several findings which suggest
      that a modification of the current Ann Arbor staging system may be necessary to
      encompass certain unique features of this group of tumors.

PMID- 679146
TI  - Anatomical substages of stage III Hodgkin's disease: implications for staging,
      therapy, and experimental design.
AB  - Twenty-three patients with pathologic stage III Hodgkin's disease were classified
      with respect to the presence or absence of symptoms (III-A, III-B), the presence
      or absence of splenic involvement (IIIS+, IIIS-) and anatomic substage--the
      extent of disease within the abdomen (III1, III2). Stage III1 disease included
      disease limited to the upper abdomen, i.e., spleen, splenic node, celiac node,
      and/or portal node. All other more extensive disease was classified as stage
      III2. Symptoms and splenic involvement did not predict either disease-free
      survival or survival. However, 5 year actuarial disease-free survival was
      significantly better in III1 patients as compared to III2 patients (77% vs. 13%,
      p less than .001). Eight of nine stage III2 patients receiving total nodal
      radiotherapy alone relapsed. When considered along the previous studies of
      anatomic substage, these findings suggest that patients in stage III1 and III2
      should receive different therapeutic approaches. Analysis of therapeutic results
      in stage III patients must consider anatomic substage.

PMID- 679147
TI  - Complications of total nodal irradiation of Hodgkin's disease stages III and IV.
AB  - One hundred twenty-seven patients with Hodgkin's disease, Stages III-IV, received
      total nodal irradiation. Of these, 101 patients were managed primarily by
      radiation therapy employing the split course sequential segmental radiation
      technique called the "3 & 2". A dose of 3800-4000 rad is delivered in 2 phases in
      an overall period of 12 to 13 weeks (TDF 61-64; 1094-1148 rets). For various
      reasons, the remaining 26 patients received their mantle irradiation to full
      doses 3800-4000 rad in 4 weeks (TDF 63-66; 1112-1184 rets) without rest periods
      and a few were irradiated after failing chemotherapy. Of the 101 patients treated
      between 1969-1974 using the "3 & 2" technique, 2 developed pericarditis (2.0%),
      none manifested symptomatic pneumonitis (0%), and 3 hypothyroidism )3.0%). The
      low incidence of severe complications is primarily the result of the technique
      employed to give total nodal irradiation. The overall incidence of Herpes Zoster
      was 42% (53/127), and there was a slightly higher incidence when TNI was given
      following splenectomy.

PMID- 679148
TI  - A comparative study of the influence of malignant tumor on host metabolism in
      mice and man: evaluation of an experimental model.
AB  - Metabolic alterations in skeletal muscles and liver tissue from cancer patients
      were compared with corresponding alterations in mice (C-57) with sarcoma (MCG
      101). In tumor-bearing man and mice similar changes in enzyme activities and in
      protein turnover were found. Glycolytic and oxidative enzyme activities were
      decreased in skeletal muscle tissue. Tumor-associated increase in lysosomal
      enzyme activities was found in both species. Leucine was incorporated into
      skeletal muscle proteins at a lower rate and into hepatic proteins at a higher
      rate in both species with malignant tumor. In tumor-bearing mice ribosome
      profiles from skeletal muscle, heart muscle and liver showed a preponderance of
      slowly sedimenting units of polyribosomes suggesting that initiation of protein
      synthesis may be a rate limiting step. The metabolic host reactions in tumor
      bearing mice were similar to those in cancer patients implying that experimental
      tumors are relevant to use for analysis of mechanisms behind the development of
      cancer cachexia in man.

PMID- 679149
TI  - Human neuroblastoma serially transplanted in nude mice and metastases.
AB  - A human neuroblastoma from a female patient was directly transplanted into nude
      mice and serial transplantation was established. Histology of the transplanted
      tumor was almost the same as that of the patient. During serial transplantation,
      a high frequency of metastasis to distant organs such as ovaries, lymph node and
      cerebrum was observed, especially in the ovaries where the metastatic rate
      reached to 66%. Regarding the distribution of organs involved, there is close
      similarity between that in the patient with neuroblastoma and tumor-bearing mice.
      This transplantable human neuroblastoma provided a unique research tool for
      studies on its morphological and biological nature, including metastasis.

PMID- 679150
TI  - Histologic findings in the tracheobronchial tree of uranium miners and non-miners
      with lung cancer.
AB  - The remaining tissue of the tracheobronchial tree from 210 men who died from lung
      cancer was studied to compare the histologic alterations leading to further sites
      of primary cancer. These men were uranium miners matched with nonminers for age
      and smoking habits. In the examination of a total of 28,928 cross-sections
      carcinoma in situ was found in 96% of the miners and in 92% of the nonminers. The
      number of slides from miners showing degree 2 or 3 atypia in areas of carcinoma
      in situ was about double the number found from the nonminers. Although the
      difference was not statistically significant, 32% of the miners had at least one
      section showing early primary invasive carcinoma compared with 22% of the
      nonminers. The data indicate that the synergistic effect of the exposure to
      uranium dust along with cigarette smoking increases the risk of lung cancer and
      that in addition to a main tumor mass, other sites of tissue alterations leading
      to tumor development are frequently already present in the lung.

PMID- 679151
TI  - LDH isoenzyme patterns in human gastric mucosa with precancerous changes.
AB  - By using an original method of electrophoresis separation, the normal relative
      values of each one of the LDH isoenzymes in the gastric body and antral mucosa
      were determined. It has been shown in gastric tumors that there is a significance
      rise in the relative values of "type M" isoenzymes (iso-LDH-4-5). With intestinal
      metaplasia as well as gastritis, a significant elevation of the relative value of
      iso-LDH-5 has been demonstrated in the antral mucosa. In 6 benign gastric polyps
      we found a similar disturbance. This would confirm the known precancerous
      condition of these lesions. In the normal mucosa of subtotal gastrectomy
      specimens, 19 patients with antral cancer had 2 types of LDH isoenzyme patterns:
      one normal and the other with an increase in the relative proportion of "type M"
      isoenzymes. These LDH isoenzyme pattern shifts in the gastric mucosa could be an
      early sign of malignancy prior to the morphologic changes.

PMID- 679152
TI  - Ultrastructural study of superficial spreading melanoma and benign simulants.
AB  - Ultrastructural examination of the intraepidermal component of superficial
      spreading melanomas (SSM) and benign melanocytic lesions was undertaken to
      determine the diagnostic value of electron microscopy in clinically "borderline"
      melanoma problems. Seventeen SSMs and ten benign melanocytic nevi and lentigenes
      which clinically resembled melanoma were studied. Melanocytes of the
      intraepidermal component of the SSMs showed a greater tendency for abnormal
      melanosome formation than did melanocytes of the benign simulants. However, the
      abnormalities were variable and were not limited to the SSMs. Our observations
      suggest that qualitative ultrastructural evaluation cannot be reliably used
      differentiating SSMs from benign melanocytic lesions.

PMID- 679153
TI  - Ultrastructure of infantile hemangioendothelioma of the liver.
AB  - A two-month-old female presented with hepatomegaly 5 cm below the right costal
      margin. Resection of a 6 cm hepatic mass demonstrated an infantile
      hemangioendotheliom (IHE). This documents for the first time the ultrastructural
      features of an IHE of the liver. Ultrastructural examination showed large numbers
      of vascular channels of varying sizes lined by abnormal endothelial cells. An
      incomplete basal lamina separated the endothelial cells from the extracellular
      material and there were no associated pericytes. The intervascular area contained
      abundant collagen fibers, fibrils, and cells ultrastructurally similar to
      fibroblasts. The relationship of structure to certain clinical features of this
      lesion is discussed.

PMID- 679154
TI  - Plasma copper and zinc levels in patients with malignant tumors of digestive
      organs: clinical evaluation of the C1/Zn ratio.
AB  - The plasma copper level (PCL) and plasma zinc level (PZL) were determined in 126
      patients: 54 had carcinomas of which 40 were carcinomas of the digestive organs,
      37 had benign lesions, and 35 were without disease. The PCL increased and the PZL
      decreased significantly in the group with carcinoma of the digestive organs. The
      CuHZn ratio was not only significantly higher than in the normal group, but also
      was high in cases with advanced carcinoma especially when liver metastasis was
      present. Therefore, the Cu/Zn ratio may be valuable in estimating the extent of
      the carcinoma as well as in determining the prognosis of the cancer patients.

PMID- 679155
TI  - Cystadenocarcinoma and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA).
AB  - A 40-year-old woman with back pain, an abdominal and a serum CEA level of 200
      ng/ml was found to have at laparotomy, a large but resectable mucinous
      retroperitoneal mass. Pathologic diagnosis revealed cystadenocarcinoma, probably
      of pancreatic origin. It is remarkable that the cyst fluid contained a CEA level
      100,000-fold normal. Serum CEA fell to normal levels in the postoperative period.
      This suggests that the CEA was of cyst epithelial origin.

PMID- 679156
TI  - Characteristics of adenocarcinomas of the colorectum with low levels of
      preoperative plasma carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA).
AB  - Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is evaluated preoperatively and then serially
      postoperatively in 97 patients with colorectal carcinoma. CEA is initially
      elevated (greater than 2.5 ng/ml) only in 58% of the these patients. The group
      without preoperative CEA elevation has a statistically significant higher
      proporation of Dukes A lesions (p less than 0.05), seems less likely to suffer
      recurrence or have CEA elevation at the time of recurrence, and has a longer
      disease-free interval, than the group with preoperative CEA elevation. However,
      no distinction between the two groups can be made on the basis of the patients
      age, sex, presenting signs and symptoms, or location and size of their primary
      lesions. Higher postoperative CEA values are associated with liver metastases in
      both groups.

PMID- 679157
TI  - Immunoblastic sarcoma of the central nervous system in a patient with
      lymphomatoid granulomatosis.
AB  - A 26-year-old man with lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LYG) was found at postmortem
      examination to have an immunoblastic sarcoma involving the central nervous
      system. Residual evidence of LYG was present only in the lungs at autopsy.
      Studies for intracellular immunoglobulin utilizing the immunoperoxidase technique
      showed a marked polyclonal reaction in sections of lymph nodes and occasional
      cells in the cellular central nervous system tumor that stained for intracellular
      immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM and both kappa and lambda). This case may represent
      another example of immunoblastic sarcoma occurring in the presence of an abnormal
      immune state or proliferation.

PMID- 679158
TI  - Malignant melanoma and central nervous system metastases: incidence, diagnosis,
      treatment and survival.

PMID- 679159
TI  - Endocrine influences on survival from malignant melanoma.

PMID- 679160
TI  - Acinic cell adenocarcinoma of minor salivary glands.
AB  - Nine cases identified as acinic cell adenocarcinoma of minor salivary glands from
      the files of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology and the Department of
      Pathology, Temple University School of Dentistry were studied to determine the
      clinical and histomorphologic parameters of this lesion. One case was examined
      ultrastructurally. Clinical results show that the tumor is more common in females
      and the average age of patients was 42.5 years. The most common sites were upper
      and lower lips and buccal mucosa. The tumor tends to be locally limited, but
      recurrence is a distinct possibilty. Cytologic features usually associated with
      malignancies are generally not present. However, perineural space and muscle
      invasion occur, and it is felt that this tumor should be considered as a low
      grade malignancy. Fine structural observations showed the presence of cells with
      serous secretory granules and cells with mucous globules. However, the serous
      secretory granules were not as numerous as those reported in the acinic cell
      adenocarcinoma of the parotid gland. It appears that these tumors arise from
      intercalated duct cells or pluripotential duct cells rather than from fully
      differentiated serous cells.

PMID- 679161
TI  - Malignant apudoma of the liver with symptomatic intractable hypoglycemia.
AB  - This report documents a case of a fatal primary malignant neoplasm of the liver
      with metastases to the lymph nodes of the porta hepatis and the pubic bone.
      Profound, intractable hypoglycemia was seen during the course of the disease. No
      immunoassayable insulin was found in the blood during episodes of severe,
      symptomatic hypoglycemia. The neoplasm was composed of uniform polygonal cells
      with distinct cytoplasmic borders growing in broad strands with a tendency toward
      nesting and was morphologically similar to neoplasms of neural crest derivation.
      The presence of osmophilic, membrane-bound granules in the neoplastic cells was
      documented by ultrastructural studies. The tentative conclusion that the
      hypoglycemia was produced by the secretion of a substance with insulin-like
      activity, probably a polypeptide, by the secretory granules in the neoplastic
      cells is supported by clinical and laboratory data.

PMID- 679162
TI  - Thin needle biopsy in the diagnosis of ureteral obstruction with malignancy.
AB  - Ureteral obstruction after treatment for abdominal cancers is a common situation
      in which the thin needle biopsy presents an attractive low morbidity alternative
      to laparotomy for the diagnosis of malignant disease. A negative biopsy is still
      nonconclusive, although helpful in determining the next step in the patient's
      management. In our own series, biopsy in the region of ureteral obstruction
      revealed tumor rather than benign disease in four of five patients. No morbidity
      was encountered.

PMID- 679163
TI  - Liposarcoma of the neck: a clinicopathologic study of 4 cases.
AB  - A clinicopathological study of 4 patients with liposarcoma in the neck treated
      surgically is presented. Three of the liposarcomas were located in the
      supraclavicular region, two to the right one to the left, and one appeared to the
      left in the back of the neck. Liposarcoma rarely involves the head and neck
      region. A survey is given of the few reported liposarcomas in this region. Two of
      the tumors in the present series were well differentiated, one of which recurred
      repeatedly. The other two tumors were round-cell and pleomorphic in type, both of
      which recurred. At the end of follow-up 11 and 9 years, the two patients with
      well-differentiated liposarcomas were alive. The other two patients had died
      after 5 and 4 years from intercurrent disease and metastatic spread,
      respectively. The histopathological basis for the diagnosis, distinguishing
      features of intramuscular (infiltrating) lipoma, hibernoma and spindle cell
      lipoma, as well as the treatment, are discussed.

PMID- 679164
TI  - A simple technique for increasing cancer patients knowledge of informed consent
      to treatment.
AB  - Seventy-seven sequential patients referred to a radiation oncology clinic for
      treatment of malignant neoplasms were tested for their immediate recall of
      information presented, recorded, and signed on informed consent documents. An
      experimental group of 40 patients were given the intervention of taking the
      completed form home before signing. Results support the usefulness of the
      intervention. The experimental patients were found to possess greater information
      than the 37 patients who signed the form after the usual clinic procedure in
      virtually every area required of informed consent. The most significant gains
      were made in patients' understanding of proposed treatment procedures and
      appropriate treatment alternatives. Women recalled more information relevant to
      informed consent than did men. Results also indicated a tendency for younger
      patients to recall more informed consent information than older patients.

PMID- 679165
TI  - Iatrogenic lactic acidosis: association with hypertonic glucose administration in
      a patient with cancer.
AB  - A case of lactic acidosis associated with the administration of hypertonic
      glucose to a patient with a bulky undifferentiated carcinoma is presented.
      Characteristic alterations in amino acid concentrations were observed during the
      period of lactic acidosis. Resolution of the metabolic abnormalities were seen
      with discontinuation of glucose infusion. Short-term glucose infusion in a 90
      minute iv glucose tolerance test resulted in an increase in serum lactate and
      appropriate changes in serine, ornithine, taurine, alanine, and arginine despite
      normal hormonal responsiveness.

PMID- 679166
TI  - Malignant melanoma in spouses.
AB  - A study of three married couples where both spouses developed malignant melanoma
      was undertaken at the New York University-Bellevue Medical Center melanoma
      registry. An upper bound was calculated for the number of spouses expected to
      develop melanoma, along with the origin of the disease and its relation to nation
      wide rates of incidence. The observed number was six times greater than the
      bound.

PMID- 679167
TI  - Cancers among users of preparations containing vitamin A: a case-control
      investigation.
AB  - The frequency of regular use of Vitamin A preparations was compared among 800
      newly diagnosed cancer patients and 3433 patients with certain nonmalignant
      conditions. Overall there was no convincing evidence that regular consumption of
      such preparations protected against the development of cancer (risk ratio 0.85).
      However, there was a suggestion of a negative association among men (risk ratio
      0.54, p less than 0.01) but not among women (risk ratio 1.11). The negative
      association among men did not increase with the period that such preparations had
      been regularly taken and was not greater for squamous cell tumors. The results of
      this study offer encouragement for further epidemiologic studies of the possible
      protective role of Vitamin A against cancer.

PMID- 679168
TI  - Marked differences in the carcinogenic activity of optically pure (+)- and (-)
      trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo(a)pyrene in newborn mice.
AB  - Optically pure (+)- and (-)-trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo(a)pyrenes [(+)-
      and (-)-BP 7,8-dihydrodiol] were tested for carcinogenicity by giving newborn
      mice i.p. injections of 20, 40, and 80 nmol of compound on Days 1, 8, and 15 of
      life. The animals were killed at 17 weeks of age. Control mice had 0.10 pulmonary
      adenoma per mouse, whereas animals treated with (+)-BP 7,8-dihydrodiol and (-)-BP
      7,8-dihydrodiol had 0.16 and 9.28 pulmonary adenomas per mouse, respectively.
      When a 5-fold higher dose was administered according to the above dosage
      schedule, (+)-dihydrodiol caused 2.34 pulmonary adenomas per mouse and (-)-BP 7,8
      dihydrodiol caused 32.2 pulmonary adenomas per mouse. When 200, 400, and 800 nmol
      of benzo(a)pyrene or (+)-BP 7,8-dihydrodiol were administered sequentially on
      Days 1, 8, and 15 of life, 4.13 and 18.5 pulmonary adenomas per mouse,
      respectively, were observed when the mice were 17 weeks of age. This high dose of
      (-)-BP 7,8-dihydrodiol killed most of the mice. Administration of (-)-BP 7,8
      dihydrodiol caused a high incidence of malignant lymphomas, whereas (+)-BP 7,8
      dihydrodiol and benzo(a)pyrene had little or no ability to cause malignant
      lymphomas.

PMID- 679169
TI  - Effect of Corynebacterium parvum on the proliferative rate of granulocyte
      macrophage progenitor cells and the toxicity of chemotherapy.
AB  - We have studied the interaction of Corynebacterium parvum and a variety of cell
      cycle-specific and cell cycle-nonspecific chemotherapeutic agents on granulocyte
      macrophage progenitor cells [colony-forming units culture (CFU-c)] in C57BL/6
      mice. In vitro tritiated thymidine suicide studies showed an increased rate of
      proliferation of bone marrow CFU-c 24 hr after C. parvum injection. In vivo
      toxicity of cell cycle-specific agents but not of cell cycle-nonspecific agents
      for bone marrow CFU-c was increased 24 hr after C. parvum injections. The
      increased numbers of CFU-c in the spleen, induced by C. parvum, were also
      sensitive to a cell cycle-specific agent for up to 7 days after C. parvum
      injection. The findings suggest differences in the kinetics of proliferation of
      splenic compared to bone marrow CFU-c. The relative time of administration of
      chemotherapy and immunostimulants such as C. parvum will have to be carefully
      considered in the design of clinical trials.

PMID- 679170
TI  - Comparison of the inhibition of tumor growth following local or systemic
      administration of Corynebacterium parvum or other immunostimulating agents with
      or without cyclophosphamide.

PMID- 679171
TI  - Structure-activity study of the inhibition of microtubule assembly in vitro by
      podophyllotoxin and its congeners.
AB  - This study investigates the inhibition of microtubule assembly in vitro by
      podophyllotoxin and its derivatives, which include in part the antitumor
      compounds 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin ethylidene beta-D-glucoside (VP-16-213)
      and 4'-demethylepipodophyllotoxin thenylidene beta-D-glucoside (VM-26); the
      cyclic ethers, cyclic sulfides, and cyclic sulfones of podophyllotoxin and
      deoxypodophyllotoxin; epipodophyllotoxin; picropodophyllotoxin; and several 4'
      demethyl compounds. The inhibitory activity of these derivatives is sensitive to
      the configuration and size of substituents at position 4 in ring C and to steric
      features of substituents at position 12 in ring D. Decreasing activity correlates
      with the increasing size of the substituent at position 12, as indexed by their
      van der Waals radii. These results suggest that rings C and D of these drugs are
      involved in their interaction with the podophyllotoxin-binding site in tubulin.

PMID- 679172
TI  - Differential regulation of alpha-lactalbumin and casein messenger RNA's in
      mammary tissue.
AB  - Rat caseins were characterized with respect to moleculare weight and carbohydrate
      and amino acid content. Messenger RNA was extracted from rat mammary glands at 5,
      10, 15, and 20 days of pregnancy and at 2, 8, and 15 days of lactation and
      translated in a wheat germ cell-free system. Nascent [3H]casein and alpha
      [3H]actalbumin were precipitated separately with specific antibodies and
      identified by their mobilities on sodium dodecyl sulfate:acrylamide gels and by
      competition with unlabeled casein and alpha-lactalbumin, respectively. Casein
      messenger rose continuously from Day 5 of pregnancy to Day 15 of lactation. In
      contrast, alpha-lactalbumin messenger RNA levels remained low during pregnancy
      but rose markedly during lactation.

PMID- 679173
TI  - Fifty-five percent complete remission of mammary carcinoma in mice with 5
      fluorouracil and chloroquine.
AB  - Injection of 5-fluorouracil (5-FUra) [12 mg/kg i.p. (0.1 ml) every other day] and
      chloroquine phosphate (CP) [10 mg/kg i.p. (0.1 ml) daily] after the 19th day
      postimplant brought about a 55% complete remission of mammary carcinoma (C3HBA)
      in 2 separate experiments. FUra used alone brought about 40% complete tumor
      remissions, whereas CP used alone resulted in 30% complete remissions. None of
      these tumors reappeared before 189 days postimplant in Experiment 1 and 120 days
      postimplant in Experiment 2. The 5-FUra + CP treatment showed statistically (P
      less than 0.05) smaller tumor sizes compared to control mice tumor sizes on each
      of 13 check days after treatment was begun. The CP-treated tumors were
      statistically smaller than the control tumors on 10 check days, whereas the 5
      FUra-treated tumors were smaller than the control tumors on 9 check days. The 5
      FUra-treated tumors were statistically smaller than the CP-treated tumors on 2
      check days (23 and 33). The 5-FUra + CP-treated tumors were statistically smaller
      than the CP-treated tumors on 3 check days (36, 43, and 47), and the 5-FUra + CP
      treated tumors were statistically smaller than the 5-FUra-treated tumors on the
      last 4 check days (54, 57, 61, and 64).

PMID- 679174
TI  - Breast cancer at a psychiatric hospital before and after the introduction of
      neuroleptic agents.
AB  - No association between breast cancer and treatment with neuroleptic agents agents
      was detected in a study of 5463 women who died or underwent breast biopsy at the
      Norristown State Hospital between 1940 and 1974. The method of proportionality
      was used to evaluate the frequency with which breast cancer occurred at the
      hospital; cases of breast cancer were related to deaths from other cancers and to
      deaths from all causes other than breast cancer. Deaths and cancers that occurred
      within 1 year of hospital admission were excluded from the analysis. To allow for
      a 10-year transition period and for latency in the development of breast cancer,
      comparison was made between the 15 years preceding the introduction of
      neuroleptic agents into medical practice (1940 to 1954) and the second decade
      after the introduction (1965 to 1974). Although neuroleptic agents were used
      extensively for treatment of patients at the hospital, there was no statistically
      or medically significant change in the indicated incidence of breast cancer at
      the hospital during the neuroleptic period. The study did not rule out the
      possibility that neuroleptic agents might have some effect on breast cancer after
      a very long latency period.

PMID- 679175
TI  - Postreplication repair of DNA in ultraviolet light-irradiated normal and
      malignancy transformed mouse epidermal cell cultures.

PMID- 679176
TI  - Differential response of cultured mouse mammary cells of varying tumorigenicity
      to cytochalasin B.
AB  - Cultured BALB/c mouse mammary gland epithelial cells of varying oncogenic
      potential in vivo have been examined for their ability to multinucleate in the
      presence of cytochalasin B (CB). Highly tumorigenic cell lines derived from
      mammary tumors with hormonal, viral, or chemical carcinogen etiologies were
      extensively multinucleated when cultured in CB-supplemented medium. Normal
      mammary gland cells from either pregnant or lactating animals were predominantly
      mono- or binucleate under comparable conditions. At low passage levels after
      cloning, cell lines derived from a chemical carcinogen-induced mammary tumor were
      weakly oncogenic and remained largely mono-, or binucleated when cultured in CB
      supplemented medium. At higher cell passage levels, both the ability to produce
      tumors in vivo and the degree of multinucleation in CB-supplemented medium
      increased dramatically with the clonal cell lines. Thus, the response of cultured
      mouse mammary gland epithelial cells to CB in vitro may be useful as a marker of
      the oncogenic potential of such cells.

PMID- 679177
TI  - Anti-Friend virus antibody-induced resistance of Friend virus-infected spleen
      cells to lysis mediated by anti-H-2 antisera.

PMID- 679178
TI  - Origin of spleen colonies generated by Friend virus-infected cells in mice.

PMID- 679179
TI  - Prevention of hepatic metastases by intravenous radioactive gold.

PMID- 679180
TI  - Differences in the toxicity and metabolism of the 2-nitroimidazole misonidazole
      (Ro-07-0582) in HeLa and Chinese hamster ovary cells.

PMID- 679181
TI  - A preliminary study of the superoxide dismutase content of some human tumors.
AB  - The cell cytosol superoxide dismutase (SODase) content of 46 human tumors was
      investigated. The extraction procedure of McCord and Fridovich was used with the
      epinephrine assay of Misra and Fridovich (J. Biol. Chem., 247; 3170-3175, 1975).
      The purpose of the study was to determine whether SODase could be reliably
      assayed from small, biopsy-sized pieces of tumor (0.5 to 1.0 g). In most cases it
      was possible to examined larger masses of tumor, which served as a control of the
      methodology. In this preliminary study SODase values, calculated from a standard
      curve derived from purified bovine blood SODase with a specific activity of 2584
      units/mg, ranged from as little as 0.23 to as much as 160.5 units/g of tumor.
      These findings suggested that the procedures used might be feasable on a routine
      basis to determine the SODase content of tumors and its possible relationship to
      the radiation sensitivity of the tumors.

PMID- 679182
TI  - Deoxycytidine kinase and cytosine nucleoside deaminase activities in synchronized
      cultures of normal rat kidney cells.
AB  - Previous work has suggested that 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine 5'
      triphosphate is the active metabolite of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine. The
      amount of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine 5'-triphosphate formed in tissues has
      been shown to be influenced by the relative levels of deoxycytidine kinase and
      cytosine deaminase. In this study we have measured the intracellular levels of
      deoxycytidine kinase and cytosine deaminase activities in synchronized cultures
      of normal rat kidney cells. The deoxycytidine kinase activity was found to be
      cell cycle related with a minor peak of activity in early G1 phase and a major
      peak of activity in middle and late S phase. The cytosine deaminase activity was
      also found to be cycle dependent with a peak of activity at G1 phase and another
      at S phase of the cell cycle. Similar results were obtained when cytosine
      deaminase activities were measured with cytidine, deoxycytidine, or 1-beta-D
      arabinofuranosylcytosine as substrate. Present studies also confirmed earlier
      studies by other workers that the main effect of 1-beta-D
      arabinofuranosylcytosine is in the late S phase of the cell cycle.

PMID- 679183
TI  - Lactate dehydrogenase in estrogen-responsive human breast cancer cells.
AB  - Lactate dehydrogenase activity (LDH) was measured in the MCF-7 human breast
      cancer cell line derived at the Michigan Cancer Foundation from a patient with
      metastatic breast adenocarcinoma. LDH was found in the 46,000 X g supernatant of
      cell lysates, but not in the culture medium. Only the fifth isozyme (LDH-5) could
      be demonstrated by cellulose acetate electrophoresis and relative heat
      inactivation studies. When endogenous steroids were removed from the medium,
      addition of estrogen to the growth medium for several days elevated LDH 2-fold
      above controls; LDH was not altered when MCF-7 cells were treated with
      progesterone, hydrocortisone, prolactin, insulin, or triiodothyronine. A
      physiological concentration (0.1 nM) of 17beta-estradiol was sufficient to
      produce a maximal LDH increase. There were no qualitative isozyme changes in
      response to estrogen. LDH activity may therefore be a useful marker protein for
      studying hormone action in the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line.

PMID- 679184
TI  - 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin as cocarcinogen causing 3-methylcholanthrene
      initiated subcutaneous tumors in mice genetically "nonresponsive" at Ah locus.

PMID- 679185
TI  - Glycoprotein synthesis and secretion in human colon cancers and normal colonic
      mucosa.
AB  - Glycoprotein synthesis and secretion were measured in short-term organ culture of
      normal and neoplastic colonic mucosa from 11 patients undergoing colectomy for
      colon cancer. Mucosal explants were incubated for up to 24 hr with
      [3H]glucosamine, which was incorporated into both explant and secreted
      glycoproteins. Structural and functional viability was documented by
      morphological studies that showed excellent preservation of architectural detail
      and biochemical studies that documented a steady increase in glycoprotein
      synthesis during 24-hr incubation. The major difference between normal and
      neoplastic mucosa was a 35% decrease (p less than 0.02) in the incorporation of
      [3H]glucosamine into tumor explants, as compared to the amount incorporated into
      normal explants from the same patient. The rate of secretion of radiolabeled
      glycoproteins into the medium did not differ significantly. Separation of
      explants into particulate and cytosol fractions showed that the overall decreases
      in glycoprotein synthesis in tumor explants was primarily due to a marked
      reduction in particulate glycoprotein synthesis in the cancer tissue.

PMID- 679186
TI  - Comparison of [3H]progesterone and [6,7-3H]-17,21-dimethyl-19-norpregna-4,9-diene
      3,20-dione for the measurement of progesterone receptors in human malignant
      tissue.

PMID- 679187
TI  - Mechanism of growth arrest of chemically transformed cells in culture.

PMID- 679188
TI  - Estrogen action following irradiation of human breast cancer cells.

PMID- 679189
TI  - Characterization of steroid hormone receptors in the Dunning R-3327 rat prostatic
      adenocarcinoma.

PMID- 679190
TI  - Scanning electron microscopic observation of two retinoblastoma cell lines.
AB  - Two continuous retinoblastoma cell lines were observed by scanning electron
      microscopy. Both cell lines spontaneously grow as a suspension of round cells in
      clusters, chains, and unique ring (rosette) formations. Scanning electron
      microscopy of suspension cells reveals some variation in the number and frequency
      of surface adornments such as blebs, lamellipodia, and microvilli. Although the
      cell lines are nonadherent to substratum and therefore assume a spherical form,
      highly villous cells are not characteristic of the entire cell populations. When
      WERI-Rb1 and Y79 are seeded onto a polyornithine-treated substrate, attachment
      and growth as adherent cultures are evident. With selective attachment on a
      positively charged substrate, we observe alteration of membrane architecture with
      the extension of cytoplasm and filopidia. In addition, WERI-Rb1 cell-to
      substratum adhesion induces morphological changes suggestive of neuronal cell
      differentiation.

PMID- 679191
TI  - Characterization of estrogen receptors in various mouse Leydig cell tumor lines.

PMID- 679192
TI  - Effects of confluent monolayers of density-inhibited and -transformed cells on
      the growth of superinoculated cells.

PMID- 679193
TI  - High estrogen and low progestin receptor levels in outgrowths of hypophyseal
      isografts.
AB  - Markedly enlarged pituitary isografts in mice contain high concentrations of
      estrogen receptors and low concentrations, if any, of progestin receptor. This
      finding is consistent with previous observations that estrogen increases the
      isograft growth and prolactin secretion while progestin does not. Both types of
      evidence indicate that in this model system estrogens act indirectly on mammary
      tumorigenesis by enhancing prolactin secretion in the pituitary isograft and
      perhaps also the hypophysis in situ, whereas progesterone acts directly on the
      mammary gland itself.

PMID- 679194
TI  - Reversibility of high-affinity binding of methotrexate in L1210 murine leukemia
      cells.

PMID- 679195
TI  - Antitumor activity of deacetyl vinblastine amide sulfate (vindesine) in rodents
      and mitotic accumulation studies in culture.

PMID- 679196
TI  - Therapeutic performance of carminomycin-cyclophosphamide against L1210 leukemia.

PMID- 679197
TI  - Effects of retinoic acid and juvenile hormone on the induction of ornithine
      decarboxylase activity by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate.
AB  - The tumor-promoting agent 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), a highly
      active comitogen in phytohemagglutinin-treated bovine lymphocytes, induces an 11
      fold increase in ornithine decarboxylase activity over cultures treated with the
      lectin alone. This synergistic action of TPA could be antagonized by the
      simultaneous addition of the acyclic sesquiterpene, insect juvenile hormone III.
      Retinoic acid (vitamin A acid), an inhibitor of the tumor-promoting action of TPA
      in mice, was also an effective antagonist but required administration to lectin
      activated lymphocytes 1 hr prior to TPA. These data suggest that metabolic
      activation of retinoic acid is required in order to exert its antagonistic
      action. Comparison of the responses in the lymphocytes and mouse skin suggests
      that the lymphocytes provide an excellent system for studying the molecular
      processes through which phorbol esters and retinoids influence the growth and
      differentiation of both normal and premalignant cells.

PMID- 679198
TI  - Rapid stimulation of phospholipid metabolism in bovine lymphocytes by tumor
      promoting phorbol esters.

PMID- 679199
TI  - Potentiation of the antitumor activity of methotrexate by concurrent infusion of
      thymidine.

PMID- 679200
TI  - A double-blind study on the effect of purified cellulose dietary fiber on 1,2
      dimethylhydrazine-induced rat colonic neoplasia.
AB  - The incidence, distribution, size, and histopathology of grossly visible colonic
      tumors induced by parenteral administration of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine were
      examined in rats fed either a chemically defined fiber-free diet or a
      nutritionally and calorically equivalent diet containing a purified fiber
      component, microcrystalline cellulose. This double-blind study indicates that
      cellulose ingestion was associated with reduced numbers of animals involved with
      colonic neoplasia as well as a reduction in the total numbers of colonic tumors.
      Furthermore, this protective effect of cellulose appears to be time dependent and
      associated with a shift in tumor distribution from the proximal colon to a more
      distal site. Cellulose fiber had no apparent effect on colonic tumor size,
      histopathology, or the incidence of other tumors known to occur in this
      experimental animal model. This study strongly supports the hypothesis that fiber
      is an important protective agent against colonic neoplasia development. While the
      mechanism for this protective effect remains obscure, it appears to be temporally
      related to the duration of fiber ingestion as well as to a differential fiber
      effect on either the luminal content or the mucosa of the proximal and distal
      colon.

PMID- 679201
TI  - Chemokinetic response of activated macrophages to soluble products of neoplastic
      cells.

PMID- 679202
TI  - Localized changes in blood-brain barrier permeability following the
      administration of antineoplastic drugs.
AB  - The effects of four antineoplastic drugs on the permeability of the blood-brain
      barrier to Evans blue-albumin and to horseradish peroxidase were studied in cats.
      Extravasation of tracer in brain tissue was observed only rarely following the
      injection of methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, or vincristine. However, 5
      fluorouracil (15 mg/kg) caused localized Evans blue-albumin exudation in various
      gray and white matter areas in 8 of 13 cats to which the Evans blue was
      administered 7 hr after the drug injection. Electron microscopy revealed that 5
      fluorouracil stimulated pinocytotic vesicular transport of peroxidase across
      brain capillary endothelial cells and possibly that it widened endothelial tight
      junctions. Barrier leakage was not observed when time periods longer than 7 hr
      elapsed between 5-fluorouracil injection and tracer administration, and
      extravasation occurred only once after a shorter time interval. These results
      suggest that changes in blood-brain barrier permeability observed 7 hr after 5
      fluorouracil administration are reversible and of fairly short duration. Such
      changes may be relevant to the development of secondary intracranial tumors
      following antineoplastic chemotherapy.

PMID- 679203
TI  - Selective potentiation of hyperthermic killing of hypoxic cells by 5-thio-D
      glucose.
AB  - The modification of cell lethality at elevated temperatures by 5-thio-D-glucose,
      the nearest analog of D-glucose was studied with the use of HeLa cells in the
      presence or absence of oxygen. When the cells were exposed to temperatures
      ranging from 40.5-42 degrees for 0.5 to 4 hr in the presence of 5-thio-D-glucose
      (5 mM), there was a selective potentiation of hyperthermic killing of hypoxic
      cells. No enhanced killing of oxic cells by 5-thio-D-glucose was seen at these
      temperatures. These results indicate that glucose metabolism may be involved in
      influencing the heat sensitivity of hypoxic cells. The low toxicity of 5-thio-D
      glucose and its specificity to hypoxic cells suggest that it may be a useful
      adjuvant to hyperthermic therapy.

PMID- 679204
TI  - Metastatic heterogeneity of cells from an ultraviolet light-induced murine
      fibrosarcoma of recent origin.

PMID- 679205
TI  - Relationships between carcinogenicity and theoretical reactivity indices in
      polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
AB  - Theoretical reactivity indices have been used to examine the metabolic reactions
      presumed, on the basis of recent biochemical evidence, to be responsible for the
      transformation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon precarcinogens to ultimate
      carcinogens. Of a large number of indices examined, several show strong
      correlations with carcinogenic activity in a set of 25 representative compounds.
      The results support the belief that specific transformations involving
      dihydrodiol, "bay-region" epoxide, and carbonium ion intermediates are
      responsible for the carcinogenic activity of these compounds. Additional
      implications of the results are discussed, including the suggestion that this
      type of analysis might provide a rapid and simple means for prescreening
      compounds for potential carcinogens.

PMID- 679206
TI  - Sensitivity to five mutagens in Fanconi's anemia as measured by the micronucleus
      method.

PMID- 679207
TI  - Malignant transformation in cultured hamster embryo cells produced by X-rays, 460
      keV monoenergetic neutrons, and heavy ions.

PMID- 679208
TI  - An in situ method for estimating cell survival in a solid tumor.
AB  - The response of the murine Meth-A fibrosarcoma (a methylcholanthrene-induced
      tumor) to single and fractionated doses of X-irradiation, actinomycin D
      chemotherapy, and/or concomitant local tumor hyperthermia was assayed with the
      use of an in situ method for estimating cell kill within a solid tumor. The cell
      survival assay was based on a standard curve plotting number of inoculated viable
      cells (10(1) to 10(7)) with and without radiation (10 kilorads)-inactivated
      homologous tumor cells (heavily irradiated) versus the time required for i.m.
      tumors to grow to 1.0 cu cm. The time for post-treatment tumors to grow to 1.0 cu
      cm was cross-referenced to the standard curve, and the number of surviving cells
      contributing to tumor regrowth was estimated. The resulting surviving fraction
      curves closely resemble those obtained with in vitro systems. The advantages and
      limitations of this technique are discussed as a method for evaluating treatment
      effectiveness.

PMID- 679209
TI  - Induction of tumors in heterotopic bladder by topical application of N-methyl-N
      nitrosourea and N-butyl-N-(3-carboxypropyl)nitrosamine.
AB  - The heterotopic urinary bladder with a communicating reservoir is a potentially
      useful model for bladder carcinogenesis studies. As a test of whether such
      bladders will develop transitional cell carcinomas after chronic carcinogenic
      stimuli, two carcinogens, N-methyl-N-nitrosourea and N-butyl-N-(3
      carboxypropyl)nitrosamine, were instilled repeatedly into the reservoir connected
      with the heterotopic bladder. Transitional cell carcinomas developed in 25 of 33
      heterotopic bladders exposed to cumulative doses of 1.5, 3.0, or 6.0 mg of N
      methyl-N-nitrosourea for between 20 and 30 weeks, while heterotopic bladders
      exposed to cumulative doses of 150 or 300 mg of N-butyl-N-(3
      carboxypropyl)nitrosamine failed to develop tumors. However, 11 of 27 rats with
      heterotopic bladders that were exposed to N-butyl-N-(3-carboxypropyl)nitrosamine
      for over 20 weeks developed tumors in their homotopic or natural bladders. N
      Methyl-N-Nitrosourea probably acted directly on the bladder epithelial cells to
      induce neoplastic change. The reason(s) for the development of tumors in
      homotopic but not heterotopic bladders when N-butyl-N-(3
      carboxypropyl)nitrosamine was administered directly into the heterotopic bladders
      could not be ascertained from these studies.

PMID- 679210
TI  - 11beta-Methoxy-17-ethynyl-1,3,5(10)-estratriene-3,17beta-diol (moxestrol), a tag
      for estrogen receptor binding sites in human tissues.

PMID- 679211
TI  - Anovulation and increased androgenic activity as breast cancer risk in women with
      fibrocystic disease of the breast.
AB  - The urine of 26 otherwise healthy women with fibrocystic disease of the breast
      was assayed by gas chromatography for testosterone and androstanediol (5alpha
      androstane-3alpha, 17beta-diol), the major metabolite of dihydrotestosterone. The
      mean values for both androgens were significantly higher than in 18 normal women
      in the same age range. Sixteen of the 26 fibrocystic disease patients also had
      endometrial hyperplasia. Since the endometrial specimen was obtained in the
      premenstrual period, the presence of hyperplasia proved that the menstrual cycle
      in over two-thirds of the fibrocystic disease patients was nonovulatory.

PMID- 679212
TI  - Excretion of spermidine from BHK-21/C13 cells exposed to 6-thioguanosine.
AB  - The growth of BHK-21/C13 cells in monolayer cultures was inhibited by 6
      thioguanosine. Accumulation of putrescine, spermidine, and spermine was inhibited
      by 6-thioguanosine, and cells incubated in the presence of the drug had a
      decreased content of polyamines relative to control cells. These effects were
      more marked for spermidine than for spermine or putrescine. Consequently, the
      intracellular spermidine:spermine molar ratio was decreased in cells exposed to
      the drug. Cells, the polyamines of which had been labeled with [3H]putrescine,
      were incubated in the presence or absence of 6-thioguanosine. More polyamines
      were lost from cells exposed to the drug than from control cells. The radioactive
      material excreted was predominantly spermidine, both as its free form and in a
      conjugated form, even when the cells contained large amounts of labeled spermine.
      This release of spermidine from BHK-21/C13 cells into the culture medium was a
      specific response of the cells to alterations in growth potential rather than a
      consequence of leakage due to cell lysis.

PMID- 679213
TI  - Effect of alpha-difluoromethylornithine, an enzyme-activated irreversible
      inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, on L1210 leukemia in mice.

PMID- 679214
TI  - DNA alkylation in mice with genetically different susceptibility to 1,2
      dimethylhydrazine-induced colon carcinogenesis.
AB  - The formation and persistence of methylated purines was determined in mice that
      received a single s.c. injection of 1,2-[14C]dimethylhydrazine (15 mg/kg) and
      were allowed to survive for 12 or 60 hr. In mice with a low susceptibility to
      dimethylhydrazine-induced colon carcinogenesis (C57BL/Ha), concentrations of 7
      methylguanine and O6-methylguanine in DNA of colon, ileum, and kidney were 40 to
      60% less than in mice with a high incidence of colonic tumors (ICR/Ha). In
      hepatic DNA the extent of methylation was higher in C57BL/Ha than in ICR/Ha mice.
      The rate of loss of methylated purines from colon DNA was similar in both
      strains. In all organs investigated the metabolic incorporation of 14C into
      normal DNA bases was lower in C57BL/Ha than in ICR/Ha mice. It is concluded that
      the low carcinogenic response of C57BL/Ha mice is due to the smaller extent of
      initial alkylation of colon DNA, which probably reflects differences in the
      enzymic metabolism of the parent carcinogen.

PMID- 679215
TI  - Metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene and its major metabolites to ethyl acetate-soluble
      and water-soluble metabolites by cultured rodent trachea.

PMID- 679216
TI  - A typical dermatan sulfate isolate from whale intestine.
AB  - Alkaline extraction of whale intestine, followed by pronase digestion and
      precipitation of heparin (omega-heparin) with dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride
      gave a supernatant fraction containing dermatan sulfate. Ethanol at 20%
      concentration precipitated dermatan sulfate from the supernatant fraction. The
      crude dermatan sulfate was further fractionated by ion-exchange column
      chromatography on Dowex-1 (C1- form), eluting stepwise with aqueous sodium
      chloride. The fractions eluted with 1.5M and 1.75M sodium chloride contained a
      typical dermatan sulfate. Chemical and enzymic studies of these preparations
      revealed that the sulfate groups were located solely at O-4 of the 2-acetamido-2
      deoxy-D-galactose resides. L-Iduronic acid was assumed to be distributed
      uniformly in the backbone of the polysaccharide chain, with D-glucuronic acid
      being located in the linkage region to the protein core. A new method for
      determining the ratio of D-glucuronic to L-iduronic acid is also described.

PMID- 679217
TI  - Purification of intracellular dextranases and D-glucosidases from pseudomonas UQM
      733.
AB  - The intracellular enzymes of Pseudomonas UQM 733 which act on dextran have been
      re-investigated mainly by isoelectric focusing. At least three dextranases are
      present, and one of them (D4) has been purified and shown to be very similar to
      one of the extracellular endo-dextranases (D1), Three different alpha-D
      glucosidases have also been purified.

PMID- 679218
TI  - Structure of some oligosaccharides derived from rat-intestinal glycoproteins.
AB  - Glycoproteins derived from intestinal mucus were isolated by phenol-water
      extraction of feces from germ-free rats. The water-soluble glycoproteins were
      subjected to alkaline-borohydride degradation, and three different
      oligosaccharide alditols were isolated. The structures of thse were determined by
      using methylation analysis and n.m.r. spectroscopy as the principal methods. One
      disaccharide alditol and one trisaccharide alditol were characterised as beta-D
      GlcNAcp-(1 leads to 3)-D-GalNAcol and alpha-L-Fucp-(1 leads to 2)-beta-D-Galp-(1
      leads to 3)-D-GalNAcol. The third oligosaccharide alditol was a blood-group A
      active tetrasaccharide alditol for which the structure alpha-D-GalNAcp-(1 leads
      to 3)-[alpha-L-Fucp-(1 leads to 2)]-beta-D-Galp-(1 leads to 3)-D-GalNAcol is
      proposed.

PMID- 679219
TI  - Structural studies of a specific polysaccharide isolated from non-agglutinable
      Vibrio.
AB  - The purified, specific polysaccharide from Vibrio cholera type NAG, NV 384, O
      antigen, 2A, 2B human, contains glucose (5.14%), galactose (4.21%), mannose
      (64.8%), xylose (3.16%), arabinose (1.98%), fucose (1.50%), mannuronic acid
      (14.3%), phosphate (0.32%), 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose (2.9%), and 2-amino-2-deoxy
      D-galactose (1.0%). Various reactions have shown that the material comprises a
      phosphoric diester-linked polysaccharide containing mainly ( 1 leads to 2)-linked
      mannopyranose residues that are highly branched with other sugar residues.

PMID- 679220
TI  - Cardiovascular changes in awake dogs caused by suddenly induced aortic
      hypertension.
AB  - Cardiovascular adaptation to the sudden inflation of a balloon in the descending
      aorta was investigated in intact awake, standing dogs. The balloon inflation
      raised pressure in the arterial bed proximal from the balloon. Initially, it
      lowered heart rate and cardiac output. After 4 sec, heart rate and cardiac output
      began increasing again and within the next 14 sec, these functions returned
      almost to the control values. The restoration of cardiac output was associated
      with a further rise in aortic pressure. These findings are consistent with the
      hypothesis that the prime circulatory adaptation to a hindrance to arterial flow
      is restoration of blood flow even though this requires a further elevation of
      arterial pressure. The demands of the tissues for an adequate supply of blood
      appear to override the inhibitory baroreceptor reflexes. The circulatory changes
      observed under conditions of attenuated parasympathetic inhibition and under
      conditions of attenuated beta-adrenergic stimulation were consistent with this
      interpretation. The findings suggest that arterial hyertension may involve a
      comparable adaptation of cardiac output in patients whose blood flow is hindered
      by pathologically narrowed arterioles.

PMID- 679221
TI  - An analysis of cholinergic involvement in postvagal tachycardia.
AB  - The role of acetylcholine (ACh) in the sinus tachycardia which follows vagal
      stimulation ('postvagal tachycardia') was investigated in anesthetized dogs. The
      stimulation of either vagus was followed by postvagal tachycardia. The
      bradycardia induced by local application of ACh to the sinus node was followed by
      sinus tachycardia while local application of methacholine (a predominantly
      muscarinic agonist) induced only bradycardia. Atropine potentiated the postvagal
      tachycardia in low doses and blocked it in high doses. The conclusion drawn is
      that postvagal tachycardia is caused by the release of ACh by either vagus acting
      on a nicotinic receptor.

PMID- 679222
TI  - Sudden death and physical activity.

PMID- 679223
TI  - Sipple's syndrome with a malignant pheochromocytoma presenting as a pericardial
      effusion.
AB  - Sipple's syndrome is a multiple endocrinopathy usually involving the adrenal
      medulla and the thyroid. In the present case, a malignant pheochromocytoma
      metastasized to the pericardium and both lungs. The patient was known to have had
      a calcified right suprarenal mass for 8 years. He was admitted to the emergency
      room with symptomatology consistent with pericardial tamponade, but despite
      intensive management, he expired.

PMID- 679224
TI  - Different prognostic value of exercise electrocardiogram in men and women.
AB  - In 1,455 subjects (947 men and 508 women) who underwent a bicycle ergometer
      stress test for evaluation of atypical chest pain, the incidence of coronary
      events (definite myocardial infarction or sudden death) was assessed by the life
      table method. The follow-up period ranged from 3 to 7 years (mean 5.2 years). In
      men with positive exercise test (ischemic ST depression greater than or equal to
      1 mm), the 5-year incidence of coronary events was 18.3%, compared with 1.9% in
      negative responders. In women with positive response, the 5-year incidence of
      coronary events was 4.6%; in negative responders, it was 0.3%. The poor
      predictive value of ischemic ST responses to exercise in women is emphasized.

PMID- 679225
TI  - Effect of hydrostatic pressure on isolated cardiac nuclei: Stimulation of RNA
      polymerase II activity.
AB  - RNA polymerase activity was measured in isolated cardiac nuclei subjected to
      hydrostatic pressure. After 20 min of pressure, Mn2+ stimulated RNA polymerase II
      activity was increased. The response to pressure was inhibited by low
      concentrations of alpha-amanitin (1.1 microgram.cm-3) an inhibitor of polymerase
      II activity. The data show that pressure applied to isolated nuclei stimulates
      RNA polymerase II activity, forming mRNA, and suggests that direct application of
      pressure to cardiac nuclei may be the stimulus which triggers the augmented
      protein synthesis seen in pressure overload.

PMID- 679226
TI  - Haemodynamic effects of static and dynamic exercise in males with arterial
      hypertension of varying severity.
AB  - Sustained handgrip at 30% of the maximal strength and submaximal supine bicycle
      exercise elicited mean blood pressure increases of similar magnitude in healthy
      males and in men with essential hypertension WHO Stage 1 and 2, but with
      different contributions of systolic and diastolic blood pressure changes. While
      systolic blood pressure exceeded 22.7 kPa (170 mmHg) during static exercise in
      every hypertensive man, this did not occur in any of the control subjects. During
      dynamic exercise, the arterial blood pressure increase per litre increase in
      cardiac output was significantly less than during static exercise, indicating
      different patterns of circulatory adaptation to these two forms of stress.
      Combination of dynamic and static exercise tests might be of value for
      identifying subjects with a hypertensive pattern of circulatory regulation.

PMID- 679227
TI  - Relation between pressure difference across the aortic valve and left ventricular
      outflow.
AB  - Equations are presented to relate left ventricular-aortic pressure difference and
      flow. The relative importance of fluid inertia and friction are evaluated and the
      errors introduced by the neglect of compliance are estimated. The equations are
      used to calculate pressure differences for both normal conditions and simulated
      aortic stenosis and to explain the timing of the reversal of the pressure
      difference.

PMID- 679228
TI  - Effect of digitalis on human ventricular refactoriness.
AB  - In order to evaluate the effect of digitalis on the effective refractory period
      of the human ventricle, 14 patients were studied with atrial or ventricular
      pacing and with the introduction of ventricular extra-stimuli. The ventricular
      effective refractory period (VERP) was recorded before and after 1.0 to 1.25 mg
      ouabain given intravenously and the results compared with similar changes in the
      Q-T interval. During atrial pacing (eight patients) at rates of 70 to 110 beats
      per minute, ouabain reduced the mean ventricular effective refractory period from
      290 +/- 13 ms to 260 +/- 16 ms (P less than 0.01) and the mean Q-T interval was
      reduced from 372 +/- 18 ms to 359 +/- 19 ms (P less than 0.01); the mean VERP/Q-T
      ratio was 0.79 +/- 0.04 before ouabain and 0.73 +/- 0.04 after ouabain (P less
      than 0.01). Utilising ventricular drive pacing (six patients) the mean
      ventricular effective refractory period was reduced from 245 +/- 16 ms to 226 +/-
      13 ms (P less than 0.01) and the mean Q-T interval reduced from 382 +/- 18 ms to
      360 +/- 29 ms (P less than 0.01). There was no significant change in the mean
      VERP/Q-T ratio (0.63 +/- 0.04 before vs 0.63 +/- 0.04 after ouabain). The results
      demonstrate that clinically effective doses of ouabain produce a significant
      reduction of the effective refractory period of the human ventricle. This change
      is accompanied by a reduction in the VERP/Q-T ratio during atrial pacing.

PMID- 679229
TI  - Comparative haemodynamic and metabolic effects of vasodilator and inotropic
      agents in experimental myocardial infarction.
AB  - Following coronary embolisation and onset of left ventricular failure 27 awake
      dogs were randomly assigned to infusion of saline (controls), nitroprusside, or
      dobutamine (a new inotropic agent). Nitroprusside and dobutamine both increased
      cardiac output and lowered left ventricular filling pressure while raising
      coronary sinus flow. Dobutamine, however, increased myocardial oxygen consumption
      whereas nitroprusside reduced it. Therefore vasidilators may be more beneficial
      than inotropic agents in acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 679230
TI  - Functional role of collateral flow in the ischaemic dog heart.
AB  - Studies were carried out in four different canine preparations to determine the
      effect of collateral flow on early changes induced by acute segmental ischaemia.
      The results of these experiments indicated that collateral flow provided a
      limited and variable amount of protection. When collateral flow was eliminated,
      myocardial cell injury was more severe and less variable.

PMID- 679231
TI  - An analogue device for the measurement of cardiovascular variables.
AB  - An analogue device is described which is designed to analyse repetitive signals.
      It measures peak amplitudes, time to peak values, areas, and values at a preset
      time. The results can be displayed or recorded on a beat-to-beat basis, or an
      average can be taken over up to 31 consecutive beats.

PMID- 679232
TI  - [Preventive mass examinations of the population as stage of transition to the
      dispensary attendance of the whole population (author's transl)].

PMID- 679233
TI  - [The effect of dopaminergic block on secretion of the growth hormone (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 679234
TI  - [Neuroblastoma and the HLA system (author's transl)].

PMID- 679235
TI  - [Polymorphous proliferation in atrophic testes (author's transl)].

PMID- 679236
TI  - [Borderline dysglycaemia (author's transl)].

PMID- 679237
TI  - [Quality of human ejaculate in relation to glycaemia in diabetics (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 679239
TI  - [Can astronauts age slower?].

PMID- 679238
TI  - [Evaluation of two regimens of sisomicin treatment in bacterial infections
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 679240
TI  - [Evaluating the effect of antineoplastic therapy].

PMID- 679241
TI  - [New cytostatics (author's transl)].

PMID- 679242
TI  - [Some prospective possibilities in the chemotherapy of malignant tumours
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 679243
TI  - [Determination of the life prognosis of treated middle-age hypertensive patients.
      I. Family and personal history, subjective complaints, physical findings].

PMID- 679244
TI  - [Spermiograms in diabetics without potency disorders].

PMID- 679245
TI  - [Co-trimoxazol Spofa (Duon) in patients with chronic urinary tract infections
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 679246
TI  - [Contemporary state and perspectives of radioimmunological methods in nephrology
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 679247
TI  - [Immunological parameters in Crohn's disease].

PMID- 679248
TI  - [Detection of hepatitis B antigen and antibody in selected groups. Comparison of
      the sensitivity of different tests in the healthy population, health workers and
      patients (author's transl)].

PMID- 679249
TI  - [Effect of exercise on the metabolic reflection of oral glucose administration
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 679250
TI  - [The life span of treated middle-aged hypertonics. Fundus oculi, x-ray, ECG
      findings cardiovascular complications].

PMID- 679251
TI  - [Present-day possibilities and limitations of medical science and practice
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 679252
TI  - [Experimental occlusion of the middle cerebral artery. Dynamics of changes in
      regional blood flow, regional energy metabolism and regional water and
      electrolyte content of the brain].

PMID- 679253
TI  - [Effect of ajmalin on cardiac conducting system (author's transl)].

PMID- 679254
TI  - [Cardioversion in pregnancy (author's transl)].

PMID- 679255
TI  - [Neurovegetative balance and diencephalic functions in predisposed subjects and
      changes of geomagnetic activity].

PMID- 679256
TI  - Quantitative analysis of squamous epithelium of normal palatal mucosa in guinea
      pigs.
AB  - The epithelium of intact guinea pig palate was subjected to stereologic analysis
      in a study of structural alterations in the keratinizing epithelium in response
      to wounding. Point counting procedures were employed to analyse electron
      micrographs sampled from three epithelial strata in biopsies collected from five
      animals. The differentiation pattern of the guinea pig palate epithelium
      displayed the following structural density gradients from basal to granular
      layers: descending gradients of metabolically active organelles, ascending
      gradient of bundled filaments coupled with the appearance of membrane coating
      granules and keratohyalin granules, and a plateau-like gradient of cytoplasmic
      ground substance. This pattern of epithelial differentiation is basically
      identical to that of human hard palate epithelium and epidermis. Regional and
      species variations in structure of keratinizing epithelia are suggested based on
      interepithelial differences in morphometric parameters.

PMID- 679257
TI  - Structural re-evaluation of the neurosecretory system in the crayfish eyestalk.
AB  - The topography of the neurosecretory system in the decapod eyestalk has not been
      precisely delineated with light microscopy. Cobalt iontophoresis and electron
      microscopy have proved useful in clarifying the microstructure of this system.
      The sinus gland (sg) of the crayfish eyestalk consists of aggregated axon
      terminals which end at or near the blood space. Iontophoresing cobalt back
      through the cut base of the sinus glands reveals proximal cell bodies in the
      eyestalk only in the X organ (Xo) region. Electron microscopy demonstrates that
      axons from about 115 neurosecretory cell bodies in the Xo form the Xo-sg tract.
      Intermingled with these Xo somata are smaller non-neurosecretory cell bodies
      which do not send axons into the sinus gland. One of these exhibits catecholamine
      fluorescence. Backfilling also reveals a second group of fibres which run from
      the brain along the optic tract and into the sinus gland. These brain-sg fibres
      are smaller in diameter than Xo-sg axons and lack neurosecretory vesicles. From
      these fibres collaterals extend into the eyestalk neuropil, especially in the
      proximity of the visual elements. The possible function of these non
      neurosecretory processes within the sinus gland is discussed.

PMID- 679258
TI  - Neuroembryogenesis of ventral hypothalamus transplanted to kidney capsule.

PMID- 679259
TI  - Effect of stretch and contraction on caveolae of smooth muscle cells.
AB  - The number of caveolae present at the surface of smooth muscle cells of guinea
      pig taenia coli and visualized by freeze-fracture is about 35 per micron2. (By
      comparison, endothelial cells of intramuscular capillaries have about 73 caveolae
      per micron2). The packing density of smooth muscle caveolae is not significantly
      different in muscle strips isotonically contracted with carbachol or stretched
      and relaxed in a calcium-free solution, under a range of loads varying from 1 to
      15 g. Also the diameter of the fractured necks of the caveolae appears unchanged
      in all the experimental conditions tested. The plasma membrane of smooth muscle
      cells often shows a ring of intramembranous particles rimming the opening of a
      caveola; on the other hand, particles are rare in the membrane of the caveolae
      themselves. The close relation between caveolae and sarcoplasmic reticulum is
      readily visualized in freeze-fracture preparations. Characteristic changes of the
      cell surface shape accompany the contraction and relaxation of the muscle. On
      rare occasions small aggregates of intramembranous particles are found and it is
      possible that they represent punctate gap junctions. However, the characteristic
      clusters of particles found in the circular musculature of the caecum and ileum
      are not seen in taenia coli.

PMID- 679260
TI  - Automatic morphometric analysis of retrograde changes in the nucleus n. facialis
      at different ontogenetic stages in the rat.
AB  - The grey level index (= GLI) and the fresh voluem were determined with the image
      analyser Micro-Videomat for the nucl. n. facialis after axotomy of the left n.
      facialis. The experiments were performed on 10 rats in different stages of
      ontogenesis. The GLI is a quantitative parameter which could be quickly obtained
      and which demonstrated quantitative changes during retrograde reaction in the
      respective centres. A decrease in the fresh volumes of the affected nucl. n.
      facialis could also be demonstrated. The meaning of GLI is discussed.

PMID- 679261
TI  - Fine structure and composition of the submucous nerve plexus of the guinea-pig
      trachea.
AB  - The ultrastructure of the nerves forming the submucous plexus of cervical and
      thoracic parts of the trachea was studied in the guinea-pig. Specimens were
      obtained from 6 animals perfused with warm fixative and from 6 animals in which
      pieces of trachea were incubated in buffer containing 5-hydroxydopamine before
      immersed in cold fixative. Of the two types of axonal terminal identified in the
      nerves, one contained mainly large dense-cored vesicles, and the second contained
      numerous small vesicles. In specimens incubated in 5-hydroxydopamine, the small
      vesicles of the latter terminals exhibited the electron-dense cores which are
      characteristic of adrenergic axonal terminals. Counts made on perfused specimens
      showed that, in both the thoracic and cervical parts of the trachea, the density
      of adrenergic terminals was higher than that of terminals containing mainly large
      dense-cored vesicles. Overall terminal density was, however, higher in the
      thoracic than in the cervical part of the trachea, and estimates of nerve size
      showed that this was associated with the presence in the thoracic plexus of a
      substantially greater proportion of nerves with less than 6 axons. The possible
      function of the nerves in the control of the calibre of the submucous blood
      vessels was discussed.

PMID- 679262
TI  - Correlative scanning-transmission electron microscopic examination of the
      perinatal rat brain.

PMID- 679263
TI  - The respiratory epithelium in the lungs of the slow-worm, Anguis fragilis.
AB  - The epithelium covering the respiratory portion in the lung of the slow-worm
      (Anguis fragilis) has been studied by electron microscopy. The epithelium is
      composed of two different types of pneumonocytes. The type I pneumonocytes are
      roughly squamous and their cytoplasmic sheets spread over relatively large areas
      of the septal walls. These cytoplasmic sheets are attenuated in regions where
      they overlie septal capillaries; they usually have extensive areas of contact
      with adjacent cells. The type II pneumonocytes are also squamous but are more
      compact and possess more organelles. Their osmiophilic inclusion bodies are
      especially conspicuous. Most of their microvilli are concentrated on the surfaces
      of cytoplasmic "hillocks". Deposits of membranous material are present in the air
      sacs. The morphological evidence suggests that the type II cells of Anguis
      secrete surface-active material.

PMID- 679264
TI  - Occurrence and regional distribution of striated muscle fibers in the rat pineal
      gland.
AB  - In a total of 96 rat pineals studied 31 were found to contain striated muscle
      fibers or their precursors. The muscle fibers were most frequently present in the
      stalk region and more frequently found in the left than in the right hemisphere.
      Size measurements revealed that the lengths of pineal muscle cell nuclei differ
      only slightly from those of the sphincter muscle of the iris. However, the
      yellowish appearance of pineal muscle cell nuclei under darkfield investigation,
      a phenomenon observed in all muscular tissues of mesenchymal origin and
      connective tissue cells, may support the hypothesis that pineal musculature is of
      mesenchymal rather than ectodermal origin.

PMID- 679265
TI  - Effect of cyproterone acetate, d-norgestrel and progesterone on cells of the pars
      distalis of the adenohypophysis in the beagle bitch.
AB  - The effects of short-term (8 weeks) treatment with different doses of cyproterone
      acetate (CPA), d-norgestrel (d-N) and progesterone on cells of the pars distalis,
      as revealed by the immunoperoxidase technique, were studied in cycle-synchronized
      beagle bitches (first anoestrus). Pituitary glands from non-treated primiparous
      beagle bitches at the 6th and 9th week of pregnancy were also included. For
      immunochemical staining specific antisera to the following hormones were used:
      canine GH, canine PRI, porcine ACTH, bovine TSHbeta, bovine LHbeta and human
      FSHbeta. Morphological features of high secretory activity in GH cells were
      evident even after the human oral contraceptive does of CPA and d-N, and after a
      dose as low as 0.1 mg/kg/day subcutaneously (s.c.) of progesterone. In contrast,
      PRL cells did not show any significant treatment-related effects except in those
      animals which received the highest dose of d-N (0.5 mg/kg/day per os). In this
      group, as well as in all pregnant bitches, hyperplasia and hypertrophy of PRL
      cells were found. In the animals treated with the highest doses of CPA (4.0
      mg/kg/day per os) and progesterone (42.5 mg/kg/day s.c.) as well as in pregnant
      bitches, ACTH/MSH and TSH cells showed marked atrophy and regressive changes.
      Similar morphological signs of depressed secretory activity were also observed in
      the cells shown to contain FSHbeta and/or LHbeta as a result of treatment with
      the highest dose of progesterone and at the 9th week of pregnancy. These
      structural responses indicate that quantitiative and/or qualitative differences
      may exist between progesterone, the synthetic progesterone derivative CPA and the
      nortestosterone type progestagen d-N with regard to their effect on pituitary
      hormone secretion in the beagle bitch.

PMID- 679266
TI  - The structure of the nervous system of the pluteus larva of Strongylocentrotus
      purpuratus.
AB  - Tissues that have the ultrastructural characteristics of nervous tissues are
      associated with ciliary and muscular elements of the pluteus larva of
      Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. The nerve cells are found along the margins of the
      ciliary bands, which are composed predominantly of spindle-shaped ciliated cells.
      The nerve cells contribute axonal processes to a tract of axons, which runs at
      the base of the ciliary band throughout its length. Axonal tracts, in the
      esophagus, lie beneath the circumesophageal muscles. Branched microvilli, which
      have been interpreted as sensory receptors, are located on the oral side of the
      main ciliary band and connect with the nerve cells in the ciliary band. The
      nervous structures described here, and other tissues of the pluteus that have
      been previously described as nervous, are compared on the basis of their
      association with receptor and effector organs, and their ultrastructural
      characteristics.

PMID- 679268
TI  - Lamellated outer dendritic segments of a sensory cell within a poreless thermo-
      and hygroreceptive sensillum of the insect Carausius morosus.
AB  - A sensillum in a narrow pit with a braod cuticular collar, located in a sensillum
      field on the 12th segment of the antennae of Carausius morosus, was investigated
      electrophysiologically. After marking, it was also examined with the transmission
      and the scanning electron microscopes. The number of sensory cells within the
      sensillum varies between three and four. One cell, present in half of the
      sensilla studied, exhibits a simple cilium of the 9 x 2 + 0 type as outer
      dendritic segment. The outer segment of a second unit is noteworthy in that it
      divides near its ciliary base into two branches. These flatten to form lamellae,
      then fold and wrap around each other. The remaining two sensory cells bear
      unbranched or bifurcate outer segments which contain densely packed microtubules.
      Only these outer segments extend into the cuticular peg; the others end beneath
      its base. The cuticular peg is devoid of pore systems. Electrophysiological
      recording yielded evidence that a cold, a dry and a moist air receptor are
      present. The fourth unit did not respond clearly to stimulation.

PMID- 679267
TI  - Ultrastructural observations on the hypothalamo-posthypophysical complex of the
      Brattleboro rat.
AB  - The hypothalamo-posthypophysial complex of the homozygous Brattleboro rat is
      characterized by a hyperactivity of its neurons. The neurosecretory fibers,
      especially in the neurohypophysis, show numerous signs of autophagy and tubular
      proliferation of the axoplasmic reticulum. These structural alterations, as well
      as the nematosomes of nucleolus-like bodies encountered in the perikarya, may be
      related to the chronic hyperactivity of the neurons. They can be reduced by
      administration of exogenous vasopressin. The numerous liposomes in the pituicytes
      are paralleled in the neuronal perikarya by a great number of lysosomes. Small
      dense core vesicles observed in the neurosecretory endings and perikarya may
      indicate a secretory product distinct from oxytocin and vasopressin. In the
      homozygous Brattleboro rat, endings of the aminergic type are more numerous than
      in the normal rat. With respect to the role they may play in the secretory
      processes, their increase might be secondary to the vasopressin deficiency.

PMID- 679269
TI  - Fine structure of degenerating abdominal motor neurons after eclosion in the
      sphingid moth, Manduca sexta.
AB  - Ultrastructural aspects of the natural degeneration of a group of six motor
      neurons in the fourth abdominal ganglion of Manduca sexta are described. These
      motor neurons innervate intersegmental muscles that degenerate and disappear
      immediately after adult eclosion. The first detectable changes in the cell bodies
      appear 12h after eclosion and include disruption of the endoplasmic reticulum and
      an increase in the size and number of lamellar bodies. At 32h the nuclear
      membranes rupture, and the membranous and granular cytoorganelles segregate in
      different parts of the cell. At that stage the surrounding glial cells
      participate in the digestion of material from the degenerating neurons. From 72h
      onward the remaining neuronal structures become disrupted, and are finally
      transformed into a single, large lamellar body (residual body) within the glial
      profile. The degeneration pattern differs significantly from that of embryonic
      vertebrate neurons.

PMID- 679270
TI  - Ultrastructural and morphometric study of the lung of the European salamander,
      Salamandra salamandra L.
AB  - Ultrastructural and morphometric investigations were performed on the lung of the
      European salamander, Salamandra salamandra L. Folds of first and second order are
      covered with a ciliated epithelium containing goblet cells. The respiratory
      surface of the lung is lined by a single type of cell which, in amphibians,
      combines features of type I and type II alveolar cells of the mammalian lung. In
      the salamander the respiratory and ciliated epithelial cells as well as goblet
      cells possess electron dense and lucent vesicles in their cytoplasm as well as
      lamellar bodies. A small amount of surfactant, composed most probably of
      phospholipids and mucopolysaccharides, was observed covering the entire inner
      surface of the lung. Morphometric methods were used to determine the dimensions
      of the perinuclear region of pneumocytes, the thickness of the air-blood barrier
      and lung wall, and also the diameter of capillaries. The thickness of the
      respiratory air-blood barrier was found to be considerably higher than that of
      the corresponding barrier in mammals.

PMID- 679271
TI  - Crystalloid structures within giant mitochondria of the prothoracic glands of
      Spodoptera littoralis (Bois) (Lepidoptera).
AB  - The fine structure of the prothoracic glands of Spodoptera littoralis was
      investigated during the first half of the last larval instar. The secretory cells
      have two types of mitochondria, micromitochondria and macromitochondria. The
      micromitochondria have rounded to elongated profiles and sometimes branch. They
      contain lamellar, tubular and also tubulo-vesicular cristae. The
      macromitochondria appear generally rounded or oval and possess tubular cristae.
      Many regular parallel membranes appear within macromitochondria. Favorable
      sections show tubular structures packed in honeycomb fashion. The mitochondrial
      cristae are in connection with the tubular structures. Honeycomb and parallel
      membranes increase in number as the size of the macromitochondria increases.

PMID- 679272
TI  - The ontogenesis of calcium-binding protein in fetal rat kidney.
AB  - The presence of calcium-binding protein (CaBP) in the nucleus and cytoplasm of
      epithelial cells of renal tubules varies with the physiologic state. As part of a
      study to determine whether or not intranuclear CaBP precedes intracytoplasmic
      CaBP in the same cell, we used peroxidase-labeled antibody against human renal
      CaBP to localize CaBP in fetal rat kidney tubules. This paper reports examination
      of kidneys from rats on each day of gestation from the 10th to term (21 days) and
      on each of the first seven postnatal days. CaBP was first detected in fetal rat
      kidneys on the 19th gestational day. The histochemical staining reaction that
      revealed the CaBP was less intense than that produced in kidneys from adult
      animals, but its distribution was like that in adults, with some cells having no
      CaBP, others having it in the cytoplasm only, in the nucleus only, or in both. By
      the seventh postnatal day the staining reaction was similar to the adult patterns
      in all respects.

PMID- 679273
TI  - The occurrence, diagnosis, treatment and control of rabies in Rhodesia.

PMID- 679275
TI  - Vertebro-basilar ischaemia.

PMID- 679274
TI  - Peculiarities in dermatology.

PMID- 679276
TI  - Aspects of rural health v: better maternity services.

PMID- 679277
TI  - The cellular and humoral immune response to Schistosoma mansoni infections in
      inbred rats. III. Development of optimal protective immunity following natural
      infections and artificial immunizations.

PMID- 679278
TI  - Effects of whole body X-irradiation and cyclophosphamide treatment on induction
      of macrophage tumoricidal function in mice.

PMID- 679279
TI  - The Schistosoma haematobium egg granuloma.

PMID- 679280
TI  - Lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity to cells infected with measles virus. I. Use of
      in vitro infected leukocytes as autologous target cells; absence of virus
      specific cytotoxic lymphocytes.

PMID- 679281
TI  - [Mental stress and personality structure of psoriasis patients (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 679282
TI  - [Contribution to treatment of malignant melanoblastoma by the local application
      of DNCB (author's transl)].

PMID- 679283
TI  - [Influence of the allergen concentration on the iontophoretic allergic reaction
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 679284
TI  - [Genetic heterogeneity of the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (author's transl)].

PMID- 679285
TI  - [Changes in the age structure of patients with gonorrhoea in a long-term
      investigation. I. Distribution of morbidity by age in different periods (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 679286
TI  - [Photochemotherapy of psoriasis by means of PUVA].

PMID- 679287
TI  - [XV. International Dermatological Congress in Mexico 1977: I. Oral
      photochemotherapy with the use of methoxsalen].

PMID- 679288
TI  - [Iron concentration and total binding iron capacity in the blood-serum during
      gravidity (author's transl)].

PMID- 679289
TI  - [Values of thrombocytes during physiological gravidity (author's transl)].

PMID- 679290
TI  - [Values of glucose-tolerance test in women after delivery of hypotrophic foetus
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 679291
TI  - [Significance of the nucleolar lymphocytic test in chronic adnexitis (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 679292
TI  - [Immunoglobulin levels in female patients suffering with chronic adnexitis
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 679294
TI  - [Some comments on sexual emotionality in women. II (author's transl)].

PMID- 679293
TI  - [Dysmicrobia after antibiotic treatment of gynecological inflammations (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 679295
TI  - [The effect of indomethacine upon the reaction conditioned by administration of
      prostaglandins E2 on placental blood-vessels in vitro (author's transl)].

PMID- 679296
TI  - [Test of potential maturity using the stimulation (positive) reaction of
      estrogens in girls with delayed mearche].

PMID- 679297
TI  - [Significance of balneotherapy for the complex management of gynecological
      inflammations in girls].

PMID- 679298
TI  - [Labor in a woman with implanted pacemaker].

PMID- 679299
TI  - [Catecholestrogens].

PMID- 679300
TI  - [Sterility in Africa].

PMID- 679301
TI  - [Which stage of the menstrual cycle in best suited for the insertion of IUD?].

PMID- 679302
TI  - [Treatment of carcinoma in situ of the vulva].

PMID- 679303
TI  - [Deliberations over the 20-year enforcement of Law No. 68/47 Sb].

PMID- 679304
TI  - [Early detection of rubeola and Australia antigen in prenatal counseling
      facilities].

PMID- 679305
TI  - [A new health-care aid--the obstetric emergency kit].

PMID- 679306
TI  - [Assistance and tasks of research in the field of health care for the woman,
      mother and newborn infant].

PMID- 679307
TI  - [Changes in dimensions of osseous pelvis in active sportswomen III (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 679308
TI  - [alpha2 AP glycoprotein (PZP) in malignant gynecological tumours (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 679309
TI  - [Factors in the adaptation of women to breast ablation].

PMID- 679310
TI  - [The "straitjacket" syndrome].

PMID- 679311
TI  - [Inflammation of the female genitalia. Pathophysiology of inflammation
      (proceedings)].

PMID- 679312
TI  - [Potential salpingitis (proceedings)].

PMID- 679313
TI  - [The time factor in the pathogenesis of complicated female gonorrhea
      (proceedings)].

PMID- 679314
TI  - [The participation of inflammation in the etiology of juvenile metrorrhagia
      (proceedings)].

PMID- 679315
TI  - [Intrauterine contraception complicated by inflammations (proceedings)].

PMID- 679316
TI  - [Inflammation as an etiological factor in hypertonia of the bladder in
      incontinent females (proceedings)].

PMID- 679317
TI  - [Diagnosis of gynecologic inflammations (proceedings)].

PMID- 679318
TI  - [Celioscopic differential diagnosis of gynecologic inflammations (proceedings)].

PMID- 679319
TI  - [C-reactive protein in gynecologic inflammations (proceedings)].

PMID- 679320
TI  - [Significance of the nucleolar lymphocyte test in chronic adnexitis
      (proceedings)].

PMID- 679321
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of adnexitides and cystic ovaries (proceedings)].

PMID- 679322
TI  - [When may we speak of inflammation of the internal genitalia? (proceedings)].

PMID- 679323
TI  - [Vertebrogenic disorders in gynecologic inflammations and their therapy
      (proceedings)].

PMID- 679325
TI  - [Infectious etiology of gynecologic inflammations (proceedings)].

PMID- 679326
TI  - [Atypical course of gonorrhea in our patient material (proceedings)].

PMID- 679324
TI  - [Confrontation of gynecologic and microbial findings (proceedings)].

PMID- 679327
TI  - [Actinomycosis of the fallopian tube (proceedings)].

PMID- 679328
TI  - [Microbiological findings in the male urethra (proceedings)].

PMID- 679329
TI  - [Ovarian function and its relation to the inflammation of genitalia
      (proceedings)].

PMID- 679330
TI  - [Chemotherapy of gynecologic inflammations (proceedings)].

PMID- 679331
TI  - [Sisomicin in the management of gynecologic inflammations (proceedings)].

PMID- 679332
TI  - [Dysmicrobia following antibiotic therapy for gynecologic inflammations
      (proceedings)].

PMID- 679333
TI  - [Results of conservative therapy of suppurative processes in the small pelvis
      (proceedings)].

PMID- 679334
TI  - [Pyrazolidine preparations in the therapy of adnexitis (proceedings)].

PMID- 679335
TI  - [Changes in the frequency of X-chromatin in women under Prednisone therapy
      (proceedings)].

PMID- 679336
TI  - [Immunotherapy of gynecologic inflammations (proceedings)].

PMID- 679337
TI  - [Immunoglobulin levels in chronic adnexitis (proceedings)].

PMID- 679338
TI  - [Vaccine therapy in chronic inflammations in pediatric gynecology (proceedings)].

PMID- 679339
TI  - [Significance of the standard tuberculin reaction in the differential diagnosis
      of gynecologic inflammations (proceedings)].

PMID- 679340
TI  - [Surgical management of inflammation of the female genitalia (proceedings)].

PMID- 679341
TI  - [Surgical management of suppurative adnexal tumors (proceedings)].

PMID- 679342
TI  - [Our experiences with laparotomized acute salpingitides in young women
      (proceedings)].

PMID- 679343
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of adnexitides and cystic ovaries (proceedings)].

PMID- 679344
TI  - [Surgery of postinflammatory adnexal tumors using Fauer's technic (proceedings)].

PMID- 679345
TI  - [Causes and sequelae of uterine synechiae (proceedings)].

PMID- 679346
TI  - [Deliberations on pediatric oncology].

PMID- 679347
TI  - [Carotid pressure perfusion of cytostatics in the complex therapy of
      retinoblastoma].

PMID- 679348
TI  - [The effect of various commonly used ophthalmic drugs on the permeability of the
      bovine cornea].

PMID- 679349
TI  - [Two-way surgical instrument for surgery of childhood cataracts].

PMID- 679350
TI  - [Step-like corneal incision in cataract surgery using a trephine. Evaluation of
      1,118 operations].

PMID- 679351
TI  - [Bell's palsy and intraocular pressure].

PMID- 679352
TI  - [Analysis of the prevalence of blindness due to glaucoma].

PMID- 679353
TI  - [Diabetic retinopathy and its therapy using hyperbaric oxygenation].

PMID- 679354
TI  - [Treatment of pterygia using beta-irradiation].

PMID- 679355
TI  - [Care of children with strabismus up to 36 months of age].

PMID- 679356
TI  - [Pemphigus conjunctivae].

PMID- 679357
TI  - [The subclavian steal syndrome and dizziness].

PMID- 679358
TI  - [Therapy of torticollis spastica using iontophoresis of the labyrinth].

PMID- 679359
TI  - [Our experiences with obliterations of trephination cavities in the mastoid
      process].

PMID- 679360
TI  - [Conditions of ears in adenoidectomized children before and after adenoidectomy].

PMID- 679361
TI  - [The nasal airway resistance in a stress test].

PMID- 679362
TI  - [The problems of congenital choanal atresias].

PMID- 679363
TI  - [Significance of preoperative histology in the surgical management of laryngeal
      cancer].

PMID- 679364
TI  - [Endotracheal intubation using an endoscopic tube].

PMID- 679365
TI  - [Microlaryngoscopic diagnosis of Reinke's edema].

PMID- 679366
TI  - [The control of patients with childhood laryngeal papillomatosis following longer
      time intervals].

PMID- 679367
TI  - [A study of the health status of the population within a program of scientific
      and technical cooperation of the members of the Council of Mutual Economic
      Assistance].

PMID- 679368
TI  - [An attempt to determine some nonbiological reasons for work disability].

PMID- 679369
TI  - [Comparison of the hospitalized population in the East Bohemian Region and the
      Uppsala region in Sweden in 1964].

PMID- 679370
TI  - [The social mission of pharmacy].

PMID- 679371
TI  - [Preparation of sterile drugs in Czechoslovakia].

PMID- 679372
TI  - [Work disability due to gynecologic diseases in the area of the Factory Institute
      of National Health--East Slovakian Iron Works from 1972 to 1976].

PMID- 679373
TI  - [Statistical processing of hospitalized patients at the pediatric ear, nose and
      throat clinic].

PMID- 679374
TI  - [Angiography in injury of peripheral arteries (author's transl)].

PMID- 679375
TI  - [Problems of idiopatic cyst of choledochus (author's transl)].

PMID- 679376
TI  - [New non-ionic water contrast substance (Amipaque) in diagnostics of
      subarachnoidal space of spinal chord channel (author's transl)].

PMID- 679377
TI  - [Myelography with the use of metrisamid (Amipaque) (author's transl)].

PMID- 679378
TI  - [A note on Leri's melorheostosis (author's transl)].

PMID- 679379
TI  - [Irradiation by means of higher fractions in breast gland cancer (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 679381
TI  - [Sources of faults during high volume irradiation (author's transl)].

PMID- 679380
TI  - [Technique of radiotherapy in cancer of larynx by means of Chisobalt (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 679382
TI  - [Procedure of urographic examination during dysectasy of the neck of urinary
      vesicle (author's transl)].

PMID- 679383
TI  - [Arteriographic possibilities of localization diagnostics of primary
      hyperparathyreoidism (author's transl)].

PMID- 679384
TI  - [Defecography in diagnostics of megacolon. Pre and post operation examination for
      purpose of Burhenn studies of gut emptying (author's transl)].

PMID- 679385
TI  - [Examination with peroral application of water soluble iodic substance in acute
      stomach disease (author's transl)].

PMID- 679386
TI  - [Diagnostic efficacy of arteriography during discerning tumours of ovary
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 679387
TI  - [Methodics of complex roentgenological examination of patients with cancer of
      urinary vesicle (author's transl)].

PMID- 679388
TI  - [The work with simulator in radiotherapy (author's transl)].

PMID- 679390
TI  - [Organization problems of centralized radiotherapy service in the onkological of
      Slovenia (author's transl)].

PMID- 679389
TI  - [Nonsurgical technic of removing biliary concrements left during surgery].

PMID- 679391
TI  - [Roentgenological examination of shock lung (author's transl)].

PMID- 679392
TI  - [Roentgenological picture of pseudocysts of pancreas in children (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 679394
TI  - Stimulation of microsomal dimethylnitrosamine-N-demethylase by pretreatment of
      mice with acetone.
AB  - To further investigate the relationship between in vivo microsomal enzyme
      modifiers and in vitro dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) metabolism, male C57BL/6J mice
      were pretreated with acetone or Aroclor 1254, two compounds known to influence
      DMN-N-demethylase activity. Pretreatment with acetone enhanced the in vitro
      microsomal activity of DMN-N-demethylase, as measured by formaldehyde production
      from DMN. Accompanying this acetone-enhanced demethylase activity was an increase
      in the covalent binding of [14C]DMN to RNA, protein and DNA. Four distinct Km
      values dependent on the substrate concentration were observed for the N
      demethylase present in control microsomes. Only one Km value was observed for the
      demethylase in microsomes from acetone-treated animals, but it was significantly
      lower than the lowest Km observed in the control microsomes. At DMN
      concentrations of 1 and 10 mM, acetone significantly increased N-demethylation of
      DMN as compared to control, but not at 100 mM DMN. Aroclor 1254 pretreatment
      repressed DMN-N-demethylase at 1 mM DMN but enhanced it at 100 mM. These results
      suggest that there may be multiple forms of DMN-N-demethylase which are dependent
      on DMN concentration and respond differently to modifiers of the microsomal drug
      metabolizing enzymes.

PMID- 679393
TI  - [Soviet oncology--a developed field of the health care in the USSR (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 679395
TI  - Influence of cystein deficiency on the inhibition of hepatic microsomal
      detoxication by methyl mercury in two rat strains.
AB  - Two rat strains, Wistar, strain R and Sprague--Dawley, were subjected to cystein
      deficiency and methyl mercury pretreatment, both separately and in combination,
      after which the hepatic microsomal N- and C-oxygenation of N,N-dimethylaniline
      (DMA) was studied. Cystein deficiency caused a reduction in C-oxygenation in
      strain R microsomes, and this reduction was nearly doubled by methyl mercury
      pretreatment of the depleted rats. Methyl mercury pretreatment per se of strain R
      rats on the standard diet gave no effect. By contrast microsomes from cystein
      deficient SpD rats showed no statistically significant decrease in C-oxygenation,
      and cystein deficiency did not further enhance the inhibitory effect obtained
      with methyl mercury pretreatment alone. N-oxygenation was not significantly
      affected by any treatment of the two strains.

PMID- 679396
TI  - Reaction products of the carcinogen N-hydroxy-4-acetylamino-4'-fluorobiphenyl
      with DNA in liver and kidney of the rat.
AB  - The binding of AABP4'F and ABP4'F residues to rat liver and kidney DNA in vivo
      was studied at different periods of time after administration of N-[G-3H]hydroxy
      AABP4'F at dose levels of 5 and 25 mg/kg body weight. DNA preparations from both
      organs were hydrolyzed enzymatically at pH 8--9 with mixtures of DNAase, snake
      venom phosphodiesterase and alkaline phosphatase from Escherichia coli. The
      enzymatic digests were analysed by Sephadex LH-20 chromatography using synthetic
      N-([G-14C] deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-AABP4'F as marker. Elution with 30% ethanol gave
      three major peaks of tritium activity. The first peak consisted largely of N
      (deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-ABP4'F decomposition products, which were not further
      characterized. The second product has similar chromatographical and chemical
      properties as 3-(deoxyguanosin-N2-yl)-AAF; and was also persistent in liver as
      well as in kidneys. The third peak of tritium activity co-chromatographed with
      the marker compound N-([G-14C] deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-AABP4'F. Kinetic studies
      revealed that the latter product was removed rapidly from liver and kidney DNA at
      equal rates (t1/2 = 2 days). Approximately 80% of the total radioactivity bound
      to DNA consisted of deacetylated material, which was removed at a much slower
      rate (t1/2 = 10 days) in both organs. An initial rapid removal of all products in
      kidney during the first 7 days (t1/2 = 3.3 days) at dose levels of 25 mg/kg is
      probably due to toxic effects on the kidneys, because this phenomenon was not
      observed at dose levels of 5 mg/kg. The synthetic ester N-OSO3K-AABP4'F was at
      least twice as reactive towards L-methionine and guanosine as compared to the
      corresponding AABP derivative, but had 40% of the reactivity of N-acetoxy-AAF
      under similar conditions. The new compounds 3-methylmercapto-4-acetylamino-4'
      fluorobiphenyl and N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-4-acetylamino-4'-fluorobiphenyl have
      been characterized by means of their NMR and mass spectra. Attempts to devise an
      unambiguous synthesis for 3-(deoxyguanosin-N2-yl)arylamides have been
      unsuccessful.

PMID- 679398
TI  - Distribution of a platinum anti-tumour drug in HeLa cells by analytical electron
      microscopy.
AB  - The distribution of Pt in HeLa cell sections after cell treatment with cis
      Pt(NH3)2Cl2 dissolved in dimethylsulphoxide was probed by analytical electron
      microscopy. Primary targets were the nucleolus and the inner side of the nuclear
      double membrane. Even after solvolysis in dimethylsulphoxide the drug reached
      similar sites. It is suggested that cell death may be due to Pt inhibition at the
      initiation sites of DNA synthesis.

PMID- 679397
TI  - Maleate induced change in the kidney binding of mercury in rats pretreated with
      cadmium.
AB  - The kidney uptake of Hg2+ was increased by Cd2+-pretreatment when Hg2+ was given
      intraperitoneally but not subcutaneously. Subsequent s.c. administration of
      maleate increased Hg2+ release from the kidneys only if Hg2+ was given
      subcutaneously. Neither the effect of Cd2+, nor that of maleate, on the
      distribution of Hg2+ among the renal soluble protein fractions was affected by
      the route of Hg2+ administration. The protective effect of Cd2+-pretreatment
      against the nephrotoxic effect of Hg2+ was also independent of the route of Hg2+
      administration. Maleate given in nephrotoxic doses removed Hg2+ and copper, but
      not Cd2+ from the renal metallothionein fraction. Mercury in the urine, however,
      was not complexed by proteins with the molecular weight of thionein, but was
      bound to high molecular weight proteins and diffusible molecules. These findings
      are discussed in relation to the role of metallothionein in the interaction
      between Cd2+ and Hg2+.

PMID- 679399
TI  - Phosphate diester formation following reaction of beta-propiolactone with
      thymidine-5'-monophosphoric acid.

PMID- 679400
TI  - Dose-response studies of penicillamine and related compounds in reducing skin-
      tensile strength of rats.
AB  - Penicillamine (I) and certain related compounds are known to reduce the skin
      tensile strength (sts) of rat dorsal skin when they are given in the diet. This
      effect seems significant to studies of the biochemistry of collagen and of
      diseases of collagen, perhaps including the arthritides. The reduction of sts
      appears to be caused by diminution of collagen crosslinking. The effects of
      several such compounds were studied after intraperitoneal (ip) injection, in
      order to determine structure-activity relationships divorced from possible
      anorexic or gastrointestinal complications seen after oral dosing, and to examine
      the relation of ip dose to response. A cyclopentyl analog (II) of I was at least
      as active as I, showing that structural variants of I can be active when given
      ip. A dimethylthiazolidine (V) and a zinc chelate (III, rather toxic) of I were
      nearly as active as I, showing that probable in vivo precursors of I can be
      obtained that will be active when given ip. The disulfide of I and a zinc chelate
      of cysteine were inactive. Maximum response for several compounds seemed to occur
      at intermediate dose levels, with larger or smaller doses affording less sts
      reduction.

PMID- 679401
TI  - Effects of long-term turpentine inhalation on rat brain protein metabolism.
AB  - Chronic exposure of adult male rats to commercial turpentine resulted in an
      accumulation of the solvent in perinephric fat and brain. The body solvent
      content remained virtually stable during 8 weeks. Brain RNA content was below the
      control range initially and it increased to the control level at the 4th week of
      exposure. Serum non-specific cholinesterase activity was somewhat below the
      control range at the first and second week of exposure and it returned to the
      control level thereafter. The present data are in agreement with the small
      effects of turpentine exposure on human central nervous system in clinical follow
      up studies.

PMID- 679402
TI  - The preparation of dihydrodiols from 7-methylbenz[a]-anthracene.
AB  - The products formed when the carcinogenic polycyclic hydrocarbon 7-methylbenz[a]
      anthracene is oxidized with an ascorbic acid-ferrous sulphate mixture have been
      investigated. All 5 possible dihydrodiols were formed and the isolation of the 3
      non-K-region dihydrodiols, trans-1,2-dihydro-1,2-dihydroxy-7
      methylbenz[a]anthracene, trans-3,4-dihydro-3,4-dihydroxy-7-methylbenz[a]
      anthracene and trans-8,9-dihydro-8,9-dihydroxy-7-methylbenz[a] anthracene is
      described. The purification of the dihydrodiols was carried out by thin-layer
      (TLC) followed by preparative high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The
      ultra-violet, spectral and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) characteristics of
      the dihydrodiols are reported and the data used to assign the proposed
      structures. An explanation for the unusual preferred conformation which the 8,9
      dihydrodiol adopts is advanced.

PMID- 679403
TI  - The metabolism of selenite by intact rat erythrocytes in vitro.
AB  - 75Se-labeled selenite was used to study its metabolism by intact rat erythrocytes
      in vitro. Utilizing both N-ethylmaleimide and excess selenite to lower
      erythrocyte GSH concentrations it was shown that the uptake and subsequent
      metabolism of selenite was dependent upon GSH. The secondary release of Se by rat
      erythrocytes had no relation to the erythrocyte transport of GSSG. While fluoride
      depressed and chromate increased GSSG transport, chromate, a glutathione
      reductase inhibitor, decreased Se release. This was consistent with the concept
      that the release was secondary to a reaction catalyzed by gluthathione reductase.
      The similarity of the I50 values for chromates' irreversible inhibition of
      glutathione reductase and for the inhibition of Se release further suggested a
      relationship between these two events. These results supported the hypothesis
      that H2Se or a similar product of GSSeSG reduction by glutathione reductase was
      the final product of selenite metabolism by rat erythrocytes.

PMID- 679404
TI  - Effects of urethane administration of the sedimentation patterns of mouse and rat
      liver DNA in alkaline sucrose gradients.

PMID- 679405
TI  - Epoxide hydrase activity in liver nuclei: hydration of benzo[a]pyrene-4,5-oxide
      and styrene oxide.

PMID- 679406
TI  - [Distal termino-lateral spleno-renal anastomosis, using the Warren technic].
AB  - The authors describe 23 cases of distal splenorenal derivation after Warren. Of
      these patients, 17 received a complete followup clinical hematological and
      angiographic examination at an average remove of 10 months after surgery. The
      authors discuss their results and submit that the Warren operation, while really
      selcetive in most cases when performed, in the long run tends to shung rather too
      much blood away from the liver; in other words, the effectiveness of the shunt
      tends to exceed the intended drainage,which should be restricted to the gastro
      esophageal vascular bed.

PMID- 679407
TI  - [Role of post-embolectomy anticoagulant therapy in the prevention of
      recurrences].
AB  - The authors review two homogenous groups of patients subjected to surgical
      embolectomy, one group receiving standard anticoagulant therapy before and after
      surgery, and the other not receiving that treatment regularly or at all. The
      results obtained in the two groups indicate that anticoagulant therapy plays a
      role of no mean order in the prevention of postoperative relapses.

PMID- 679408
TI  - [Anastomoses of the lower 3d of the esophagus].
AB  - In view of the larger number of operations on the bottom third of the oesophagus
      recently necessary in the destructive surgical therapy for tumours, the Authors
      re-examine 50 cases of oesophago-gastric and oesophago-jejunal anastomoses and
      stress the importance of accurate anastomoses, preferably single-layer in order
      to avoid early and delayed complications.

PMID- 679410
TI  - [Neurinoma of the tongue].
AB  - The authors describe one case of neurinoma of the tongue, recently come to their
      observation, and offer a clinical and anatomopathological presentation of this
      heteroplasia. In the light of a careful search of existing literature they
      estimate the incidence of this tumor both versus neurinoma located elsewhere in
      the body versus pathological processes located in the tongue. In particular, they
      call attention to problems of differential diagnosis posed by neurinoma in
      clinical terms and in the pathologist's laboratory, in relation to other tumors
      and infectious processes observed in the tongue.

PMID- 679409
TI  - [Agenesis of the gallbladder. Presentation of a case].
AB  - The authors describe one case of agenesis of the gallbladder associated with
      papillary stenosis, dyskinesia of the extrahepatic bile ducts, and chronic
      appendicitis. They devote particular attention to the composition of hepatic bile
      and choledochal bile, which was investigated in detail after surgical exploration
      of the extrahepatic bile passages, transduodenal papillosphincterotomy, and
      appendectomy. They conclude that this rare congenital failure of organ
      development, in the long run, even a slight alteration of bile composition in the
      hepatic and/or choledochal segment of the biliary tract (the latter somewhat
      serving the purpose of the missing gallbladder) may invite calculosis of the
      common bile duct.

PMID- 679411
TI  - [A case of so-called primary total torsion of the greater omentum].

PMID- 679412
TI  - [Pilonidal cysts and fistulas: ambulatory treatment with closure].

PMID- 679413
TI  - [Some practical diagnostic notes on severe jaundice].
AB  - The authors discuss duodenoscopy conduced with the help of a topical anesthetic
      plus systemic antispasmodic premedication for the differential diagnosis of
      severe jaundice, with or without catheterization of the papilla. From their first
      hand experience with this method, the authors conclude that the procedure is
      remarkably useful and free of complications.

PMID- 679414
TI  - [Splenectomy: indications and results].
AB  - The authors review their splenectomy records for the last ten years and discuss
      complications and mortality in relation to the indications for such surgery in
      each case. They conclude that both immediate and delayed postoperative mortality
      reflects mainly the underlying disease rather than surgical trauma; in their
      clinical material, complications were never severe and at any rate readily
      brought under control.

PMID- 679415
TI  - Topography and cogenital variations of the intrahepatic biliary tract.

PMID- 679416
TI  - [Use of blood and blood derivatives in surgical patients].
AB  - In view of the considerable therapeutic significance of blood transfusion in
      connection with major surgery and of the various problems involved, the author
      offers a discussion of the best ways to use whole blood and blood derivatives in
      the surgical patient. First he gives a synthetic outline of the pathophysiology
      of blood losses; then he sketches a set of guidelines to appropriate remedial
      treatment; and last, he discusses the risks and drawbacks associated with blood
      transfusion.

PMID- 679418
TI  - Electrotonic interaction during canine ventricular repolarization.
AB  - Canine ventricular refractory periods were measured during test site drive,
      during drive of single ectopic sites, during fusion drive from two ectopic sites,
      and during fusion drive from an ectopic site and the test site. Refractory period
      duration was dependent on the driving modes employed. Refractory periods were
      2.63 +/- 0.73%, 3.42 +/- 0.87%, 3.54 +/- 100%, and 4.68 +/- 1.36% (mean +/- SD)
      shorter during drive of single ectopic sites 2, 4, 6, and 40-60 mm, respectively,
      from the test site than during test site drive. During fusion drive from two
      ectopic sites, refractory periods were an average of 2.44 +/- 1.04 msec (mean +/-
      SD) less than during drive from a single ectopic site (P less than 0.005). When
      fusion of activation, induced by ectopic and test site drive, was located within
      4 mm or less of the test site, refractory periods during fusion drive were also
      significantly shorter than during test site drive (P less than 0.05). Refractory
      periods were as much as 10 msec shorter when fusion occurred within 1 mm of the
      test site than their durations during test site drive. The differences in
      refractory periods measured during various driving modes were most likely due to
      electrotonic interactions during ventricular repolarization and are explicable on
      the basis of the intracellular distribution of potentials to be expected with
      each driving mode.

PMID- 679417
TI  - [A case of renal clear-cell carcinoma simulating a renal cyst. Diagnostic and
      therapeutic considerations].
AB  - The authors describe one case of renal cyst with radiological evidence of
      psammoma-like calcifications. Explored surgically, and even though the liquid
      content was clear, this cyst revealed the presence of a light-cell carcinoma at
      the bottom of the cavity. One the strength of this finding, the authors recommend
      exploratory lumbotomy and opening of the cyst wall in such cases.

PMID- 679419
TI  - Diet and sire effects on serum cholesterol and cholesterol absorption in infant
      baboons (Papio cynocephalus).
AB  - One hundred three baboon infants, the progeny of an equal number of dams and
      seven sires, were breast fed or were fed prepared formulas containing 1.2, 29, or
      61 mg/dl cholesterol for 14 weeks. We measured serum cholesterol and triglyceride
      concentrations at birth and at 3-week intervals, and cholesterol absorption at 12
      weeks. Dietary cholesterol had a significant effect on serum cholesterol
      concentration at 12 weeks and on cholesterol absorption, but did not affect
      weight or serum triglyceride concentration. Sire had a significant effect on
      serum cholesterol concentration at birth and at 12 weeks, but the effect at birth
      did not predict the effect at 12 weeks. Sire did not affect cholesterol
      absorption, serum triglyceride concentration, or weight at 12 weeks. The sire
      effect on serum cholesterol concentration in infancy is not mediated by control
      of cholesterol absorption. Males weighed more than females at 12 weeks, but sex
      did not affect serum cholesterol concentration, triglyceride concentration, or
      cholesterol absorption.

PMID- 679420
TI  - Effects of nifedipine on myocardial perfusion and ischemic injury in dogs.
AB  - To determine whether nifedipine, a calcium antagonist, protects ischemic
      myocardium, conscious dogs were subjected to coronary occlusion and given
      nifedipine by intravenous infusion beginning 30 minutes after the onset of
      ischemia and lasting for 24 hours while systemic arterial pressure, left atrial
      pressure, and cardiac output were monitored. Local myocardial perfusion at
      selected intervals after coronary occlusion was assessed with radioactive
      microspheres injected into the left atrium. In regions of myocardium exhibiting
      moderately depressed flow 29 minutes after occlusion in control dogs (n = 8),
      flow was significantly greater 3 and 23.5 hours later, reflecting increases in
      collateral perfusion. Corresponding zones of myocardium in treated dogs (n = 9)
      exhibited significantly greater increases in flow at each interval after
      occlusion (P less than 0.05). Furthermore, myocardial creatine kinase depletion
      (which correlated well with morphometric estimates of necrosis) in myocardium
      matched for ischemia prior to treatment was 1.5 to 3 times less in treated than
      in control dogs (P less than 0.05). Thus, nifedipine produced sustained increases
      in collateral flow and reduced myocardial ischemic injury.

PMID- 679421
TI  - Failure of chronic aldosterone infusion to increase arterial pressure in dogs
      with angiotensin-induced hypertension.

PMID- 679423
TI  - Surface reflections of cardiac excitation and the assessment of infarct volume in
      dogs. A comparison of methods.
AB  - Ventricular depolarization was analyzed in intact dogs by simultaneously
      recording body surface potential maps, McFee axial vectorcardiograms, and a 5 X 4
      lead precordial grid of QRS complexes. The purpose of this study was to compare
      the effectiveness of subtraction approaches, using the simultaneously acquired
      data. The totally closed chest approach avoided the problem of volume conductor
      alteration by thoracotomy. Infarct volume was calculated morphologically from
      measurements of serial ventricular sections. The maximal correlation with
      anatomic infarct size using the precordial QRS grid approach was 0.51, using
      cumulative difference data between 1 and 38 msec when the postinfarction grid was
      substracted from the preinfarction grid. A correlation coefficient of 0.80 was
      achieved using the numerically integrated data between 1 and 31 msec from the
      vectorcardiogram, and the body surface potential map achieved a correlation
      coefficient above 0.88 when the electrical difference of msec 16 was used. These
      data suggest that estimates of infarct size from selected surface reflections of
      the activation process are feasible if some sort of preinfarction control data
      are available. Caution must be exercised to avoid inclusion of electrical effects
      late in the activation process which contain contamination by highly variable
      alterations in the excitation sequence due to delayed conduction or alteration in
      conduction pathway in or near the infarct zone.

PMID- 679422
TI  - Adenosine production in the ischemic kidney.
AB  - We conducted experiments to determine (1) tissue, blood, and urine levels of
      adenosine produced by the ischemic kidney under conditions of renal artery
      occlusion, and (2) the site(s) of production and release of adenosine by the
      kidney. Concentrations of adenosine, inosine, and hypoxanthine in the dog urine
      were found to increase after 2 minutes of renal artery occlusion as were
      concentrations of these metabolites in renal tissue after 10 minutes of renal
      artery occlusion. Renal venous plasma levels of inosine and hypoxanthine also
      were elevated after 3 minutes of arterial occlusion. In modified stop-flow
      experiments, adenosine appeared in the urine in a peak that corresponded most
      closely with proximal tubule fluid. 5'-Nucleotidase, the enzyme which catalyzes
      the dephosphorylation of 5'-AMP or 5'-IMP to adenosine or inosine, respectively,
      was found to be located primarily on the external membranes and mitochondria of
      proximal tubule cells, but not in distal tubule or collecting duct cells. Since
      adenosine has been demonstrated to elicit renal vasoconstriction and is produced
      by the ischemic kidney, it is suggested that adenosine may be involved in the
      mediation of postocclusion renal ischemia.

PMID- 679424
TI  - Effects of a cardiac glycoside on regional function, blood flow, and electrograms
      in conscious dogs with myocardial ischemia.
AB  - We studied the effects of coronary occlusion and of subsequent ouabain
      administration on regional myocardial function, flow, and electrograms in 14
      conscious dogs. Coronary occlusion resulted in a graded loss of regional function
      as reflected by measurements of segment length (SL), velocity of SL shortening
      and myocardial "work" from the normal to severely ischemic zones, along with
      graded flow (radioactive microsphere technique) reductions and graded elevation
      of the regional S-T segment. Ouabain, 20 microgram/kg, improved function in the
      normal zone, in which stroke shortening rose by 0.23 +/- 0.07 mm (mean +/- SE)
      and "work" rose by 30.2 +/- 9.5 mm Hg-mm. In moderately ischemic segments, stroke
      shortening rose by 0.60 +/- 0.05 mm and "work" rose by 58.1 +/- 6.1 mm Hg-mm. In
      the majority of severely ischemic segments, stroke shortening and "work" also
      increased; the average effect in all severely ischemic segments was an increase
      in stroke shortening of 0.35 +/- 0.10 mm and in "work" of 31.5 +/- 9.9 mm Hg-mm.
      In addition, ouabain reduced S-T elevation by 0.90 +/- 0.20 mV in moderately
      ischemic zones and by 3.14 +/- 0.35 mV in severely ischemic zones, and increased
      flow by 28 +/- 6% and 46 +/- 9% in moderately and severely ischemic zones,
      respectively. All these changes were significant, P less than 0.01. Thus, ouabain
      caused an improvement in perfusion of ischemic tissue, which was associated with
      significant enhancement of stroke shortening and "work." Most strikingly, ouabain
      returned normal systolic shortening to 10 severely ischemic segments which
      previously were akinetic.

PMID- 679425
TI  - The effects of agents that bind to cytochrome P-450 on hypoxic pulmonary
      vasoconstriction.
AB  - The relationship between pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa) and blood (Q) was
      determined during normoxia and hypoxia in ventilated pig lungs perfused in situ
      with the animal's own blood. Hypoxia shifted the Ppa-Q relationship to the right
      and decreased its slope, indicating pulmonary vasoconstriction. Carbon monoxide
      (11.5% in the inspired gas) and metyrapone ditartrate (10 mg/min into the
      perfusate) caused vasodilation when oxygenation was normal and reduced the
      vasoconstriction caused by hypoxia. Since the only pharmacological property CO
      and metyrapone are thought to have in common at the concentrations employed is
      the ability to bind to the heme iron of cytochrome P-450, these results are
      consistent with the hypothesis that desaturation of this cytochrome leads to
      pulmonary vasoconstriction. Prostaglandin F2alpha, infused into the pulmonary
      artery at 0.01 mg/min, when oxygenation was normal, had effects on the Ppa-Q
      relationship similar to those of hypoxia. The F2alpha response was also reduced
      by CO and metyrapone, suggesting either that P-450 was involved in the F2alpha
      response or that CO and metyrapone were toxic to pulmonary vascular smooth
      muscle. Proadifen hydrochloride (1 mg/min), which is thought to bind to the
      protein moiety of P-450 also reduced the hypoxic response, but was a
      vasoconstrictor during normoxia and did not affect the F2alpha response.

PMID- 679426
TI  - Pressor responses to norepinephrine in rabbits with 3-day and 30-day renal artery
      stenosis. The role of angiotensin II.
AB  - Pressor responses to norepinephrine (NE) infusions were examined in normal
      rabbits, in rabbits with renal artery stenosis of over 30 days' duration (chronic
      renal hypertensive rabbits), and in rabbits with renal artery stenosis of 3 days'
      duration (3-day clipped rabbits). The 3-day clipped rabbits did not have
      hypertension, but they showed the same increased pressor responses to NE as did
      the chronic renal hypertensive rabbits, which was about 2.5 times that of the
      normal rabbits. Plasma renin activity (PRA) was the same in the 3-day clipped
      rabbits as in the normal group, but in the chronic renal hypertensive rabbits the
      PRA was significantly below normal. Infusions of angiotensin II (A II) in either
      subpressor or pressor amounts potentiated the pressor responses to NE in normal
      rabbits, whereas, in 3-day clipped rabbits and chronic renal hypertensive
      rabbits, A II in subpressor or pressor doses did not alter the pressor responses
      to NE. Infusion of the A II antagonist, [1-sarcosine, 8-isoleucine]angiotensin
      II, did not alter the pressor responses of normal rabbits to NE, but this A II
      analogue completely abolished the pressor hyperresponsiveness to NE in the 3-day
      clipped rabbits and greatly reduced the NE hyperresponsiveness in the chronic
      renal hypertensive rabbits; this A II antagonist did not alter the control
      arterial pressure in any of the three groups of rabbits. These studies show that
      the increased pressor response to NE in rabbits with renal artery stenosis occurs
      before the onset of hypertension and thus is not merely a result of the
      hypertension. Also, these results provide evidence that A II plays an important
      role in the increased pressor responses to NE in hypertensive and prehypertensive
      rabbits.

PMID- 679427
TI  - Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis by indomethacin augments the renal
      vasodilator response to bradykinin in the anesthetized dog.
AB  - It has been proposed that the increase in renal blood flow (RBF) produced by
      bradykinin (BK) is mediated or amplified by the intrarenal generation of
      prostaglandins. The present investigation was designed to explore these
      relationships further. In anesthetized dogs, the renal arterial infusion of BK
      (100 ng/kg per min), prior to the intravenous administration of indomethacin,
      produced a 93 +/- 14% increase in RBF and an increase in the renal venous
      concentration of a prostaglandin E-like substance ("PGE") from 51 +/- 23 to 235
      +/- 73 pg/ml as determined by bioassay. Following indomethacin (5 mg/kg), the
      same dose of BK produced a 151 +/- 18% increase in RBF (P less than 0.001
      compared to the preindomethacin increase) and the concentration of "PGE" remained
      largely below the threshold of sensitivity of the bioassay system. In three
      experiments, a highly sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay technique was used
      to obtain better quantitative estimates of concentrations of E2-like ("PGE2") and
      F2alpha-like ("PGF2alpha") substances so that determinations of renal efflux
      could be made. Thus, prior to indomethacin, BK administration increased RBF by
      142 +/- 39 ml/min and was associated with a 26-fold increase in renal efflux of
      "PGE2" and a 12-fold increase in "PGF2alpha." After indomethacin, the effluxes of
      both "PGE2" and "PGF2alpha" decreased to negligible levels and were not
      influenced by BK infusion, although RBF increased by 225 +/- 75 ml/min. These
      results are not compatible with the hypothesis that intrarenal prostaglandins
      mediate or amplify the renal vasodilator response to BK.

PMID- 679428
TI  - Mechanism of adenosine-mediated decreases in glomerular filtration rate in dogs.

PMID- 679429
TI  - Actions of lidocaine on transmembrane potentials of subendocardial Purkinje
      fibers surviving in infarcted canine hearts.
AB  - We compared the effects of lidocaine, 2 X 10(-5) M, on transmembrane resting and
      action potentials of Purkinje fibers on the endocardial surface of 24- to 72-hour
      old myocardial infarcts in dogs with its actions and subendocardial Purkinje
      fibers in normal hearts. At both proximal (near the tip of the papillary muscle)
      and distal (toward the apex) recording sites in noninfarcted hearts, lidocaine
      had no significant effect on maximum diastolic potential (MDP) or Vmax. It
      shortened action potential duration (APD) only at the proximal site. In infarcted
      hearts, we arbitrarily divided Purkinje fibers at the infarcted distal site into
      two groups. Group I consisted of fibers which did not have a severely depressed
      MDP or Vmax but in which APD was markedly prolonged. Lidocaine had no effect on
      MDP of these fibers, significantly depressed Vmax, and shortened APD. Group II
      consisted of fibers in which MDP and Vmax were markedly reduced. Lidocaine also
      reduced Vmax of these fibers further (by 60%) without altering resting potential.
      In addition, lidocaine depressed pacemaker activity of Purkinje fibers in
      infarcts. The drug did not alter conduction of premature impulses in the
      subendocardial Purkinje network in normal hearts but increased the maximum delay
      of early premature impulses in Purkinje fibers in infarcted hearts and sometimes
      resulted in nondriven repetitive activity. Therefore, the effects of lidocaine on
      transmembrane potentials of Purkinje fibers in infarcts are different from its
      effects on fibers in normal hearts.

PMID- 679430
TI  - Limitations of routine long-term electrocardiographic monitoring to assess
      ventricular ectopic frequency.
AB  - Variations in the frequency of ventricular premature depolarizations (VPDs) were
      evaluated with three consecutive 24-hour long-term electrocardiography monitor
      recordings from 15 clinically stable patients with various cardiac disorders.
      Mean hourly VPD frequencies ranged from 37--1,801 per hour. Data were subjected
      to 4 and 5 factor nested analyses of variance. The extent of spontaneous
      variation in arrhythmia frequency that occurred in individual patients from day
      to day was 23%, between 8-hour periods within days was 29%, and from hour to hour
      was 48%. In addition, the variability between repeated three-day monitoring
      periods over time was quantified in five patients and found to be 37%. This
      analysis determined that to distinguish a reduction in VPD frequency attributable
      to therapeutic intervention rather than biologic or spontaneous variation alone
      required a greater than 83% reduction in VPD frequency if only two-24-hour
      monitoring periods were compared, and greater than 65% reduction if two 72-hour
      periods were compared. The limitations of routine 24-hour electrocardiographic
      monitoring must be considered in diagnostic and therapeutic decision-making.

PMID- 679431
TI  - Determinants of atrioventricular reentrant paroxysmal tachycardia in patients
      with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.

PMID- 679432
TI  - Effects of self-induced starvation on cardiac size and function in anorexia
      nervosa.
AB  - Cardiac size, function and rhythm were examined in 11 patients with anorexia
      nervosa. Mean left ventricular, left atrial and aortic dimensions on
      echocardiogram were below normal adult values at baseline. In addition to
      decreased cardiac dimensions--ventricular ectopy, relative hypotension,
      bradycardia and blunted heart rate--response to exercise were noted. Left
      ventricular systolic function, however, was unimpaired as indicated by normal
      echocardiographic fractional shortening, and by normal exercise augmentation of
      ejection fraction determined by radionuclide cineangiography. Eight of the
      patients responded to treatment with a mean weight gain of 32%. In these eight,
      cardiac dimensions increased toward normal: left ventricular dimension increased
      by 13%; left atrial dimension by 20%; aortic dimension by 15% and estimated left
      ventricular mass by 20%. We conclude that abnormalities of heart size and rhythm
      occur in patients with anorexia nervosa. However, cardiac dimensions, including
      left ventricular mass, may increase following nutritional rehabilitation,
      accompanied by an increase in heart rate and blood pressure.

PMID- 679433
TI  - Effects of a natural volume overload state (pregnancy) on left ventricular
      performance in normal human subjects.

PMID- 679434
TI  - Systemic and regional hemodynamics in low, normal and high cardiac output
      borderline hypertension.

PMID- 679435
TI  - Beneficial effect of salbutamol on cardiac function in severe congestive
      cardiomyopathy. Effect on systolic and diastolic function of the left ventricle.

PMID- 679436
TI  - Aortic input impedance in heart failure.
AB  - The input impedance of the systemic circulation was calculated from recordings of
      pulsatile pressure and flow in the ascending aorta of 20 patients. Ten patients
      had clinical and hemodynamic evidence of heart failure. The other 10 subjects had
      no clinical evidence of heart failure and were used as a control group. In the
      heart failure patients, both input resistance and characteristic impedance (index
      of aortic distensibility) were significantly increased compared to pressure- and
      age-matched control subjects. Oscillations of impedance moduli, represented by
      the difference between maximum and minimum moduli, were also significantly
      increased in the heart failure patients compared with the control subjects. The
      increased characteristic input impedance in these heart failure patients suggests
      that the human aorta is stiffer in heart failure, and the larger oscillations in
      the impedance spectrum indicate an increase in pressure and flow wave
      reflections. From reflected wave theory in elastic tubes, reflected pressure
      waves add to the amplitude of incident pressure waves at the entrance of the
      system, whereas reflected flow waves subtract from the magnitude of the forward
      flow. Thus, changes in aortic distensibility could have an important influence on
      the pulsatile function of the failing left ventricle.

PMID- 679437
TI  - Comparative systemic and regional hemodynamic effects of dopamine and dobutamine
      in patients with cardiomyopathic heart failure.
AB  - Thirteen patients with severe cardiac failure underwent a single crossover study
      of dopamine and dobutamine in order to compare the systemic and regional
      hemodynamic effects of the two drugs. The dose-response data demonstrated that
      dobutamine (2.5--10 microgram/kg/min) progressively and predictably increases
      cardiac output by increasing stroke volume, while simultaneously decreasing
      systemic and pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary capillary wedge
      pressure. There was no change in heart rate or premature ventricular contractions
      (PVCs)/min at this dose range. Dopamine (2--8 microgram/kg/min) increased the
      stroke volume and cardiac output at 4 microgram/kg/min. Dopamine at less than 4
      microgram/kg/min provided little additional increase in cardiac output and
      increased the pulmonary wedge pressure and the number of PVCs/min. At greater
      than 6 microgram/kg/min, dopamine increased heart rate. During the 24-hour
      maintenance-dose infusion of each drug (dopamine 3.7--4, dobutamine 7.3--7.7
      microgram/kg/min), only dobutamine maintained a significant increase of stroke
      volume, cardiac output, urine flow, urine sodium concentration, creatinine
      clearance and peripheral blood flow. Renal and hepatic blood flow were not
      signfiicantly altered by the maintenance dose of either drug. Systemic and
      regional hemodynamic data suggest that dobutamine has many advantages over
      dopamine when infused in patients with cardiac failure.

PMID- 679438
TI  - The effect of exercise and atrial pacing on left ventricular volume and
      contractility in patients with innervated and denervated hearts.

PMID- 679439
TI  - The effect of free fatty acids on myocardial oxygen consumption during atrial
      pacing and catecholamine infusion in man.
AB  - The effect of myocardial uptake of free fatty acids (FFAu) on myocardial oxygen
      consumption (MVO2) in relation to increased heart rate and inotropic stimulation
      was determined in patients with coronary artery disease. Submaximal atrial pacing
      and isoproterenol stimulation increased MVO2 by 66% and 142%, respectively, at
      similar heart rates. Inhibition of lipolysis with beta-pyridyl carbinol almost
      abolished FFAu and reduced MVO2 significantly. Increased heart rate contributed
      47% and FFAu 50% of the raised MVO2 attributed to inotropic stimulation was 30%.
      Augmentation of FFAu by triglyceride/heparin infusion increased MVO2
      significantly above control levels, both during pacing and isoproterenol
      infusion. We conclude that MVO2 is closely correlated to FFAu, catecholamines
      sensitize the heart to FFA, and increased FFAu account for a major part of the
      increased MVO2 during catecholamine stimulation. The importance of reducing heart
      rate and lipolysis to reduce myocardial oxygen requirements is emphasized.

PMID- 679440
TI  - Relation between left coronary artery stenosis and regional left ventricular
      function.
AB  - The effect of stenosis of the left main and proximal anterior descending coronary
      arteries on anterior left ventricular wall dynamics was investigated in 70
      patients with ischemic heart disease by the use of roentgen videometric analysis
      of left ventricular angiograms. In all patients with ischemic heart disease, mean
      values for peak rate of systolic wall thickening and diastolic wall thinning were
      significantly smaller than normal (P less than 0.01). In patients without
      infarction, there was no correlation between peak rate of systolic anterior wall
      thickening and stenosis of the coronary artery supplying it, but there was a
      significant reduction in peak rate of diastolic wall thinning (P less than 0.01)
      in patients with stenosis greater than 90%; this difference was not apparent at
      any lower degree of stenosis. This population could not be recognized by any
      other parameter of global or regional ventricular function; thus, diastole is
      more sensitive to regional left ventricular dysfunction than systole.

PMID- 679441
TI  - Computed tomography for localization and sizing of experimental acute myocardial
      infarcts.
AB  - Computed tomography (CT) has been used to quantitate acute myocardial infarct
      size in isolated, arrested canine hearts. Acute myocardial infarcts were produced
      in 20 hearts by either left anterior descending (13 dogs) or circumflex coronary
      artery ligation (seven dogs). Each animal was given iodinated contrast media
      intravenously immediately before sacrifice 24--72 hours postinfarction. All
      infarcts greater than 1 g and one of three infarcts 0.5 g or less were detected
      by CT imaging. Infarct volume determined by CT correlated with gross infarct
      weight (r=0.83). CT imaging, however, consistently underestimated infarct volume;
      underestimation was largest in a group of patchy, predominantly subendocardial
      infarcts. As adequate equipment and techniques for in vivo studies are developed,
      CT imaging of the heart may become important in clinical evaluation of myocardial
      infarction.

PMID- 679442
TI  - A multivariate approach for interpreting treadmill exercise tests in coronary
      artery disease.
AB  - To determine the value of a multivariate approach for the analysis of the
      treadmill exercise tolerance test (ETT), 237 patients referred for evaluation of
      chest pain who underwent a standard Bruce protocol ETT and coronary arteriography
      were studied. Predictive value of a positive ETT was 0.78 (43/55) using 1.0--1.9
      mm ST segment depression criterion, 0.97 (59/61) using greater than or equal to
      2.0 mm ST segment depression. When the 1.0--1.9 mm ST criterion was combined with
      peak systolic blood pressure-heart rate product (double product) less than or
      smaller than 23,000, exercise duration less than 6 minutes, and ST depression for
      greater than 3 minutes into recovery, predictive value improved to 0.89 in 18
      patients with any two of the above. Predictive value for multivessel disease was
      also improved using non-ST criteria. Predictive value of a negative ETT for
      absence of coronary artery disease was 0.60 (29/48), and was 0.86 (12/14) if
      double product was greater than or equal to 30,000. Presence of chest pain during
      ETT did not improve predictive value of any type of test. Digitalis ingestion in
      33 patients was not associated with decreased predictive value of a positive
      test. These data suggest that the predictive value of both positive and negative
      ETT in a symptomatic population can be improved with a multivariate approach.

PMID- 679443
TI  - Identification and description of separate mechanisms for two components of
      renografin cardiotoxicity.

PMID- 679444
TI  - Echocardiography of left ventricular masses.
AB  - The M-mode and two-dimensinal real-time echocardiographic findings in 10 patients
      with left ventricular masses are discussed. Two patients had left ventricular
      tumors and eight had left ventricular thrombi. In all cases the diagnosis was
      confirmed by angiography or surgery. The intracavitary and intramural left
      ventricular tumors were detected both by M-mode and two-dimensional
      echocardiography . M-mode echocardiography, however, did not detect the left
      ventricular thrombus in all instances. Two-dimensional echocardiography was able
      to identify the four large and inhomogeneous left ventricular thrombi but did not
      clearly identify four cases of smaller mural thrombi. Echocardiography techniques
      useful in detection of left ventricular masses are discussed.

PMID- 679445
TI  - Secular trends in ischemic heart disease and stroke mortality from 1970 to 1976
      in Spanish-surnamed and other white individuals in Bexar County, Texas.

PMID- 679446
TI  - Effects of indomethacin on the vascular abnormalities of Bartter's syndrome.
AB  - We examined the hypothesis that the vascular abnormalities of Bartter's syndrome
      are due to excess production of prostaglandin. Balance studies and vascular
      reactivity studies were performed before and after indomethacin (200 mg/day) in a
      patient with well-documented Bartter's syndrome. During indomethacin, potassium
      balance became positive, serum potassium rose from 2.1--3 mEq/1 in the absence of
      potassium supplementation, plasma renin activity decreased from 55--3.2 ng/day
      and peripheral plasma PGA-like activity fell from 1460 +/- 220 to 456 +/- 71
      pg/ml. Before indomethacin, forearm vasoconstrictor responses to brachial
      arterial infusions of angiotensin II, norepinephrine and to neurogenic reflex
      stimulation elicited by lower body suction were greatly depressed compared to
      those of normal subjects. During indomethacin these responses were restored to
      normal. The dose of intravenous angiotensin II required to increase diastolic
      blood pressure 20 mm Hg decreased from 160--30 ng/kg/min. These data support the
      hypothesis that the vascular insensitivity to exogenous angiotensin II,
      norepinephrine and to neurogenic reflex stimulation observed in this patient with
      Bartter's syndrome is due to excess prostaglandin. Moreover, stimulation of the
      renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in this syndrome appears to be a
      compensatory adaptation to excess prostaglandin production.

PMID- 679447
TI  - Complete common atrioventricular canal in infancy--surgical repair and
      postoperative hemodynamics.
AB  - Fourteen infants with complete common atrioventricular canal (CCAVC) underwent
      open heart surgery under deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest. There were
      three operative deaths and two late deaths. Postoperative studies performed in
      seven of the nine survivors revealed nearly normal hemodynamics. There were no
      residual shunts, and excellent mitral valve function was observed in six
      patients. In one patient, residual mitral regurgitation was noted. The pulmonary
      artery pressures and pulmonary vascular resistances were normal except in one who
      had severe pulmonary vascular obstructive disease before surgery. The mean left
      ventricular end-diastolic volume changed from 175 +/- 24% (SEM) before surgery to
      106 +/- 7% after surgery (P less than 0.01). The corresponding right ventricular
      end-diastolic volume changed from 166 +/- 16% to 102 +/- 19% (P less than 0.025).
      Left ventricular ejection fraction was mildly decreased before and after surgery
      (0.63 +/- 0.02). Surgical repair of CCAVC is possible during the first year of
      life, with likely normalization of cardiac size and function. Unsatisfactory
      results related to pulmonary vascular obstruction may be anticipated if repair is
      delayed much beyond the first year.

PMID- 679448
TI  - The morphologic spectrum of double outlet left ventricle and its surgical
      significance.

PMID- 679449
TI  - Fulminant beriberi heart disease with lactic acidosis: presentation of a case
      with evaluation of left ventricular function and review of pathophysiologic
      mechanisms.
AB  - Cardiac beriberi is considered a rare disease in western society. A patient with
      fulminant Shoshin-type beriberi was studied in the acute phase and found to have
      severe metabolic acidosis, high output biventricular failure, and markedly low
      systemic vascular resistance. Red blood cell transketolase activity was
      abnormally low. Following treatment with thiamine, diuretics, digitalis and
      oxygen, all abnormalities disappeared. The historical background of the disease
      is reviewed along with a discussion of pathophysiologic mechanisms responsible
      for the hemodynamic profile and lactic acidosis. Angiographic and hemodynamic
      data on the patient presented suggest relative depression of left ventricular
      function in the acute phase of beriberi. Since beriberi is uncommonly
      encountered, emphasis is placed on diagnostic and therapeutic implications of the
      disease which may not be widely appreciated.

PMID- 679450
TI  - Reduced LV myocardial blood flow.

PMID- 679451
TI  - Nitroprusside in circulation.

PMID- 679452
TI  - Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome.

PMID- 679454
TI  - 4-Hydroxypropranolol and ventricular ectopy.

PMID- 679453
TI  - Methysergide and tricuspid valve lesions [ letter].

PMID- 679455
TI  - High-performance liquid-chromatographic separation and fluorescence measurement
      of biogenic amines in plasma, urine, and tissue.
AB  - We describe a high-performance liquid-chromatographic method for measuring
      histamine, norepinephrine, octopamine, normetanephrine, dopamine, serotonin, and
      tyramine in plasma (2 ml), brain (0.2 g), or urine. These amines are modifed by
      pre-column derivatization with o-phthalaldehyde, which stabilizes the molecules,
      facilitates extraction, and improves detection of nanogram amounts. Before
      separation, samples were neutralized with KOH and immediately derivatized and
      extracted into ethyl acetate, in which derivatives were stable for longer than 24
      h. Interfering amino acids were removed from ethyl acetate by partitioning twice
      with Na2HPO4 buffer (pH 10.0). Separation was complete in about 90 min on a ""mu
      Bondapak/phenyl" column, with which a stepwise gradient of methanol/phosphate
      buffer (pH 5.1) was used. A variable-wavelength fluorometer was used (exciting
      wavelength, 340 nm; emission wavelength, 480 nm). Amount and response were
      linearly related from 1 to 200 pmol. Precision (CV) for retention times was 1%,
      for derivatization and injection 2.5%. Analytical recoveries of the seven amines
      from 2 ml of plasma fortified with 200 pmol averaged 65% (CV approximately 8%).
      Data on rat-brain tissue samples are compared with results by the
      trihydroxyindole method. Application of the method to urine from normal persons
      and a patient with a brain tumor is demonstrated.

PMID- 679456
TI  - A melting-point-of gallium apparatus for thermometer calibration.
AB  - We have investigated the equilibrium melting point of gallium as a temperature
      fixed-point at which to calibrate small thermistor thermometers, such as those
      used to measure temperature in enzyme reaction analysis and other temperature
      dependent biological assays. We have determined that the melting temperature of
      "6N" (99.999% pure) gallium is 29.770 +/- 0.002 degrees C, and that the constant
      temperature plateau can be prolonged for several hours. We have designed a simple
      automated apparatus that exploits this phenomenon and that permits routine
      calibration verification of thermistor temperature probes throughout the
      laboratory day. We describe the physics of the gallium melt, and the design and
      use of the apparatus.

PMID- 679457
TI  - Multilayer film elements for clinical analysis: general concepts.
AB  - Dry, thin films containing all necessary reagents for clinical analysis by
      colorimetry have been designed. Reagents in a matrix of hydrophilic polymer are
      coated on top of a transparent plastic base. A white isotropically porous polymer
      spreading layer, 80% void volume, is coated over the reagent layer(s). In the
      analysis, a drop (typically 10 microliter) of undiluted serum or other fluid is
      touched to the spreading layer. The fluid spreads rapidly and uniformly through
      the pore structure, filling a void volume corresponding to the drop volume. Water
      and low-molecular-weight components diffuse from the spreading layer into the
      reagent layer(s), initiating the reaction sequence. The spreading layer acts also
      as a white optical diffuser for reflection densitometry. Optical reflection
      density is linearized through use of the function developed by Williams and
      Clapper [J. Opt. Soc. Am. 43, 595 (1953)] to convert reflection to transmission
      density. A wide variety of chemical assays are compatible with this format. As an
      example, for the glucose film we found coefficients of variation of 1.5% in
      predicting glucose concentrations in control sera during 20 days. Results for
      glucose concentrations in several hundred patients' sera by the present method
      were very cose to those obtained with the Center for Disease Control's hexokinase
      reference method.

PMID- 679458
TI  - Rapid assessment of isoenzymes by high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - We describe the rapid profiling of isoenzymes by use of microparticulate anion
      exchange chromatography supports and a continuous, post-separation enzyme
      detector in a high-performance liquid chromatograph. Chromatographic analysis and
      enzyme detection are fully automated and provide excellent reproducibility.
      Factors affecting the isoenzyme profile and detector response characteristics are
      assessed. Lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase isoenzymes in tissue
      extracts, control materials used as electrophoretic standards, and serum were
      profiled by this method to establish the resolution and reliability of the
      method. We show the clinical use of this method in detecting changes in these
      isoenzymes in serum associated with acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 679459
TI  - Automated system for fractionation of blood samples.
AB  - We describe a prototype system for preparing multiple fractions of blood
      components (plasma, washed erythrocytes, and hemolysates) by use of automated
      techniques. The procedure is based on centrifugal separation and sample transfer
      by induced pressure differentials in a blood-processing vessel (rotor) that has
      been designed to process 24 samples simultaneously. Erythrocytes are sedimented
      against the outer walls of individual sample chambers, and plasma is siphoned, by
      imposition of either a slight positive or negative pressure, into individual
      reservoirs in a collection ring. Cells are washed in situ; samples of washed
      cells, either packed or in saline solution, can be recovered. Cellular
      hemolysates are automatically prepared and transferred to individual,
      commercially available collection vials, ready for immediate analysis or for
      storage in liquid nitrogen. The system has potential application in any
      biomedical area in which many samples are to be expeditiously analyzed and in
      which one or more of the blood fractions will be used. A separate unit has been
      designed and developed for the semiautomated cleaning of the rotor.

PMID- 679460
TI  - Development and evaluation of a glucose analyzer for a glucose controlled insulin
      infusion system ((Biostator).
AB  - The Glucose-Controlled Insulin Infusion System (Biostator) is a modular,
      computerized, feedback control system for dynamic control of blood glucose
      concentrations in diabetics. This on-line glucose analyzer for use with whole
      blood utilizes a novel enzyme (glucose oxidase)-membrane configuration and an
      electrochemical cell to measure the H202 generated. The analyzer exhibits both
      short- and long-range stability, and instrument response and analyte
      concentration are linearly related over the full range of clinical interest. The
      response is fast, accurate, and precise, and permits determination of blood
      glucose within 2 min from the moment the blood leaves the patient. Correlation
      studies were completed to show the agreement between the Biostator Glucose
      Analyzer and the FDA's recommended hexokinase/glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
      procedure on whole blood (e.g., average per cent recovered for 11 concentrations
      between 250 and 900 mg/liter was: hexokinase, 95.6%, Biostator Analyzer, 95.9%;
      bias and SDd, respectively, at low, normal, and high glucose values were: 12 and
      41 mg/liter at the 500 mg/liter level; 4 and 52 mg/liter at the 1000 mg/liter
      level, and 4 and 128 mg/liter at the 4000 mg/liter level). No appreciable
      interference is observed with above-normal concentrations of bilirubin, uric
      acid, creatinine, sodium salicylate, or dextran. Platelet adhesion, which tends
      to decrease the useful life of the membrane, has been significantly decreased.

PMID- 679461
TI  - Dual-column cation-exchange chromatographic method for beta-aminoisobutyric acid
      and beta-alanine in biological samples.
AB  - A rapid, automated chromatographic method has been developed for the quantitation
      of the nucleic acid catabolites beta-aminoisobutyric acid and beta-alanine in
      urine, serum, and other physiological fluids. The analyses were performed on a
      modified Beckman 121M amino acid analyzer with dual ion-exchange columns and the
      use of a single sodium citrate buffer (pH 4.38, 0.20 mol/liter). By carefully
      matching the elution pattern for the two ion-exchange columns and alternating use
      of these columns, analyses are completed every 40 min. The chromatography,
      regeneration, and equilibration of the two columns are precisely programmed, thus
      the detector sees only the elution of beta-aminoisobutyric acid and beta-alanine
      alternately from each column. Long-term precision and analytical recovery for the
      two metabolites in urine were 1.9 and 102%, and 3.3 and 101%, respectively. Their
      normal physiological values were determined in human serum and urine. Their
      excretion in the urine was also studied as a function of collection time, to
      validate a more convenient, less costly method of sampling. This study shows that
      randomly collected samples are acceptable when the concentration of the two
      metabolites are expressed in terms of creatinine excretion. In addition, the
      distribution of the free and conjugated forms of the two metabolites in urine and
      serum was studied. A preparative method was also developed for the quantitative
      isolation of beta-amino-isobutyric acid from urine samples. The alternating dual
      column technique may be applied to any ion-exchange chromatographic method where
      many analyses must be performed. This method is currently used in our
      laboratories for measuring these beta-amino acids in urine and serum of patients
      with various types of cancers.

PMID- 679462
TI  - Determination of drugs in plasma by high-performance thin-layer chromatography.
AB  - High-performance thin-layer chromatography was used to determine chlorpromazine,
      amitriptyline, nortriptyline, imipramine, desipramine, phenobarbital, and
      phenytoin in plasma, to demonstrate the utility of this technique for routine
      analysis. We quantitated the separated components by use of ultraviolet
      reflectance spectrometry with detection limits as low as 1 microgram/liter.
      Regressions of psychoactive agents extracted from plasma were linear over the
      range of 0 to 300 microgram/liter. The anti-convulsant drugs, phenobarbital and
      phenytoin, were determined over a range of 0 to 50 mg/liter. Analyses were rapid,
      reproducible, and well-suited to large-scale programs. Separated components also
      can be identified in situ by ultraviolet spectrophotometry.

PMID- 679463
TI  - Chromatographic separation and continuously referenced, on-line monitoring of
      creatine kinase isoenzymes by use of an immobilized-enzyme microreactor.
AB  - We describe a new concept in continuously referenced monitoring of the isoenzyme
      activities of creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2) after liquid-chromatographic
      separation. After separation on a diethylaminoethyl-Sephacel column, the three
      isoenzymes of creatine kinase undergo a series of coupled enzyme reactions,
      ultimately resulting in the formation of ultraviolet-detectable NADPH. A major
      advantage of this detection system is the immobilized-enzyme microreactor (2 X 17
      mm), which may be removed and stored refrigerated when not in use. A split-stream
      configuation allows self-blanking of endogenous ultraviolet-absorbing
      constituents in authentic sera samples, which would otherwise make definitive
      diagnosis and quantitation difficult or impossible. This system is applicable to
      the automated analysis of creatine kinase isoenzymes in the clinical laboratory.

PMID- 679464
TI  - Prospective applications of calorimetry in the clinical laboratory.
AB  - Calorimetric analysis depends on the direct proportionality between the heat
      changes that occur during chemical reactions and the amount of reacting
      substances. Potential uses of calorimetry in the clinical laboratory are
      discussed, with examples. The calorimetric technique does not require optically
      clear specimens, and if the specificity of the measured reaction is assured,
      calorimetry can be used for quantitative determinations of components that are
      present in a complex matrix system such as body fluids. Specific enzymic
      reactions have been used to measure substrates and enzyme activities in
      biological specimens calorimetrically, with precision, sensitivity, and accuracy
      comparable to routine photometric techniques. The application of calorimetry in
      the clinical laboratory is limited now by its slowness, but development of
      automated instruments may enable the technique to become competitive with
      conventional analytical techniques in the clinical laboratory.

PMID- 679465
TI  - Timing of urinalysis reactions when reagent strips are used.

PMID- 679466
TI  - Saponification of cholesterol esters in the enzymic cholesterol methods on the
      SMA 12/60.

PMID- 679467
TI  - Preparation of saliva samples for immunochemical determinations of
      immunoglobulins and for assay of lysozyme.

PMID- 679468
TI  - Neonatal blood quality control program.

PMID- 679469
TI  - Creatine kinase BB isoenzyme activity in bone-marrow serum.

PMID- 679470
TI  - Enzymic determination of cholesterol with SMAC.

PMID- 679471
TI  - Detection of methaqualone in human urine by radioimmunoassay and gas-liquid
      chromatography after a therapeutic dose.

PMID- 679472
TI  - Evaluation of "Sure-Sep II," a device for better separating serum and plasma.

PMID- 679473
TI  - Survey on hospital care.

PMID- 679474
TI  - Phosphate metabolism in chronic liver disease.
AB  - Phosphate metabolism was investigated in 26 patients with a spectrum of liver
      diseases and mean fasting plasma phosphate concentrations were in the low normal
      range. A standard oral load of phosphate was used to test absorption and was
      subnormal in the majority of patients with large bile-duct obstruction and
      alcoholic liver disease. Subnormal results were also seen in patients with
      primary biliary cirrhosis and cirrhosis secondary to chronic active hepatitis.
      These abnormalities appeared to be related to vitamin-D deficiency. Tubular
      reabsorption of phosohate was markedly reduced in 3 of 14 patients. The
      therapeutic implications of phosphate status in liver disease are important.

PMID- 679475
TI  - Identification of placental alkaline phosphatase in human sera using
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
AB  - Polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis may be used to separate placental
      alkaline phosphatase from other types of serum alkaline phosphatase. This method,
      of which specificity is demonstrated by the thermostability and immunological
      reaction of the placental form, is sensitive enough to detect an activity of 0.02
      mU in a sample, and seems suitable for use in investigating placental isoenzyme
      in serum.

PMID- 679476
TI  - 3-Aminopiperid-2-one, an unusual metabolite in the urine of a patient with
      hyperammonaemia, hyperornithinaemia and homocitrullinuria.
AB  - The urine of a patient with a disorder characterized by hyperammonaemia,
      hyperornithinaemia and homocitrullinuria contains abnormal amounts of 3
      aminopiperid-2-one. The properties of this compound closely resemble those
      ascribed previously (Gordon, B.A., Gatfield, P.D. and Taller, E. (1977) Clin.
      Biochem. 10, 78-82) to ornithine methyl ester. The excretion of the
      aminopiperidone ranged from 130-1050 micronmol/g creatinine.

PMID- 679477
TI  - 3-Amino-2-piperidone in the urine of patients with hyperornithinemia.
AB  - 3-Amino-2-piperidone, a delta-lactam of ornithine, has been detected in the urine
      of a number of patients with hyperornithinemia. The distinctive yellow colour
      formed with a ninhydrin-cadmium reagent should help in the detection of
      hyperornithinemia by urinary chromatography.

PMID- 679478
TI  - Plasma heparin: a simple, one-sample determination of both effect and
      concentration based on the activated partial thromboplastin time.

PMID- 679479
TI  - Renal excretion of cystathionine and creatinine in humans at different ages.
AB  - The renal excretion of cystathionine is not age-dependent when related to body
      surface. Regarding the urinary creatinine concentration as reference, the
      excretion of cystathionine in adults is lower than in infants and children.
      However, this is probably due to a higher urinary concentration of creatinine in
      adults compared to that in children. Premature infants excrete more cystathionine
      in their urine than mature infants. The same is true for premature infants on a
      methionine-enriched formula compared to premature infants on a low methionine
      formula.

PMID- 679480
TI  - Effect of storage on estimates of protein concentrations in human plasma.

PMID- 679481
TI  - A rapid and simple microfractionation method for the analysis of hexosaminidase A
      and B activities in small numbers of cultured (amniotic fluid) cells.
AB  - A simple and rapid microfractionation procedure is described which enables the
      separate analysis of hexosaminidase A and B activities in as little as a few
      hundred to a thousand cultured human cells. 25 microliter cell homogenate is
      added to a pellet of DEAE-cellulose and 50 microliter 0.1 M NaCl in buffer. After
      centrifugation the hex B and I forms are measured in the supernatant, whereas hex
      A is determined by direct incubation of the DEAE pellet with methylumbelliferyl
      substrate. The reliability and reproducibility of the method is compared with
      that of heat inactivation and column chromatography. The application of the
      procedure is illustrated by analyses of fibroblasts and cultured amniotic fluid
      cells from pregnancies at risk for Tay-Sachs disease and by serum assays for the
      diagnosis and heterozygote testing of this disease.

PMID- 679482
TI  - Serum squalene levels in hepatobiliary diseases.
AB  - Serum squalene levels did not change in patients with acute hepatitis, chronic
      active hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, but were significantly reduced in patients
      with intra- and extrahepatic cholestasis. The ratio of cholesterol to squalene
      remained normal in patients with acute hepatitis as well as chronic active
      hepatitis, while being slightly decreased in patients with liver cirrhosis. On
      the other hand, in patients with cholestasis the ratio was markedly raised. From
      these observations we confirmed abnormal sterol metabolism in hepatobiliary
      diseases, and clinical usefulness of the ratio of cholesterol to squalene to
      distinguish hepatocellular injury and cholestasis.

PMID- 679483
TI  - Determination of total and direct bilirubins in serum with sodium dodecyl sulfate
      as an accelerator.
AB  - A new method for the determination of total and conjugated bilirubins in serum
      with use of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is described. In the presence of SDS,
      the reaction of bilirubin with diazotized sulfanilic acid proceeded smoothly and
      was completed within 15 min at room temperature, thus resulting in a clear
      solution having a maximal absorbance at 565 nm which was linear up to a level of
      200 mg/l bilirubin concentration. The advantages of this method are: (1) a clear
      reaction mixture results in any case; (2) the result is not affected by
      hemolysis, lipemic and turbid sera. The proposed method offers a new general
      application for the measurement of total and conjugated bilirubins in serum.

PMID- 679484
TI  - Serum glycylproline p-nitroanilidase activity in rheumatoid arthritis and
      systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - Glycylproline p-nitroanilidase activity in serum of patients with advanced
      rheumatoid arthritis or with systemic lupus erythematosus but with normal hepatic
      function was found to be significantly lower than that of normal adult controls.
      Decrease of this enzyme's serum activity was more pronounced in systemic lupus
      erythematosus. A significant inverse correlation was observed between the enzyme
      activity and the duration of rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 679485
TI  - Improved electrophoretic resolution of LDH isoenzymes in agar-agarose mixtures by
      utilizing its endosmotic properties.
AB  - A simple technique is described which gives a better separation of lactate
      dehydrogenase isoenzymes; by mixing a correct proportion of a gel with a high
      electroendosmotic property such as agar, and a gel with alow electroendosmotic
      property such as agarose. The different positions of the application slit in
      lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme patterns and the effect on the positioning of the
      application slit after mixing gels with different electroendosmotic properties
      are discussed.

PMID- 679486
TI  - Infinite dilution conductimetry of plasma and urine: correlation with osmolality.
AB  - The infinite dilution conductivity (IDC) of plasma and urine allows a measurement
      of the electrolyte content in small samples (5 to 15 microliter). The method was
      compared to the corrected osmolality (II'p) measured by the freezing-point
      depression. A linear correlation existed between II'p and the IDC: for plasma:
      II'p = 13.10 sigma o,p + 37.00 (n = 46 and r = 0.9949) for urine: II'u = 12.75
      sigma o,u + 16.56 (n = 85 and r = 0.9504). The measurement of the IDC does not
      depend on protein concentration and can be used instead of the osmometer methods
      to determine the total plasma and urine electrolyte content.

PMID- 679487
TI  - The absolute configuration of urinary 2-hydroxybutyric acid in patients with
      ketosis and lactic acidosis.
AB  - The absolute configurations of urinary 2-hydroxybutyrate and 3-hydroxybutyrate
      were determined in patients with lactic acidemia and ketosis by capillary gas
      liquid chromatography of their O-acetylated (--)-menthyl ester derivatives. 2
      Hydroxybutyrate had the L-configuration, whereas 3-hydroxybutyrate was in the D
      configuration.

PMID- 679488
TI  - A modification to a method for estimating total calcium in serum, urine or
      heparinized plasma.

PMID- 679489
TI  - The importance of optimal mixing of the reactants in immunochemical continuous
      flow analysis of proteins.

PMID- 679490
TI  - Mechanism for interference of hydrochlorothiazide with the Kober reaction for
      determination of urinary estriol in pregnancy.
AB  - Investigation of the mechanism of the lowering effect of hydrochlorothiazide,
      which was administered orally, in the determination of estriol from the pregnancy
      urine has been carried out. The isolation and determination of the structure of a
      copolymer formed from estriol and formaldehyde have suggested the mechanism by
      which, during the acid hydrolysis process of the glucuronide conjugate of
      estriol, some copolymers of estriol and formaldehyde generated from
      hydrochlorothiazide, were formed, thus lowering the observed values of the
      estriol contents in the urine.

PMID- 679491
TI  - Optimized radioimmunoassay curve fitting program suitable for use on desktop
      calculators.
AB  - A simplex search program for the logit-log parameters of radioimmunoassay
      calibration curves, suitable for use on a small desktop calculator, is described.
      The technique features a weighted least-square method to extract the maximum
      information out of the calibration data. A criterion for rejection of outliers is
      included.

PMID- 679492
TI  - An enzyme-linked immunoassay for ferritin in human serum and rat plasma and the
      influence of the iron in serum ferritin on serum iron measurement, during acute
      hepatitis.
AB  - To measure human serum ferritin and rat plasma ferritin a non-competitive enzyme
      linked immunoassay has been developed using horseradish peroxidase as the enzyme.
      In this assay it proved necessary to use heated rat plasma to obtain reproducible
      ferritin values. The heating procedure caused a loss of 38% of the plasma
      ferritin. Rat plasma ferritin values have been corrected for this loss. The
      standard deviation, from duplicate normal human and rat samples is 10 ng
      ferritin/ml serum and 69 ng/ml plasma, respectively. (The mean ferritin
      concentrations are: in human sera, 82 ng/ml and in rat plasma 762 ng/ml.) Mean
      recovery of added liver ferritin in the human serum is 104% +/- 4% (+/-S.E.M')
      and in the rat plasma 101% +/- 3% (+/- S.E.M.). Normal ferritin concentrations
      varied in the human material between 30 ng/ml and 300 ng/ml serum, and in the rat
      plasma between 500 ng/ml and 1300 ng/ml. During increased body iron and acute
      hepatitis the ferritin concentrations, in patients as well as in rats, exceeded
      the upper limit of the normal values in most cases. During human hepatitis high
      serum ferritin levels combined with high serum iron levels were measured. The
      high serum iron concentrations could not be explained by the high serum ferritin
      concentrations, even if the iron content of the ferritin is supposed to be high.

PMID- 679493
TI  - Measurement of plasma renin activity by radioimmunoassay after prolonged cold
      storage.
AB  - Measurement of plasma renin activities in four separate quality control pools
      showed no change when measured by radioimmunoassay after being individually
      stored at -20 degrees C for up to fifteen months, validating their use as long
      term quality controls. These results contradict those reported by some authors.

PMID- 679494
TI  - Volume exclusion errors and the determination of serum zinc.
AB  - Volume exclusion gives rise to positive errors in the results of plasma or serum
      zinc determinations by methods in which protein is precipitated and the zinc
      extracted into solution. The error is amplified if two extraction steps are
      employed, and may be +20% or more. The same effects must be expected in any
      analysis involving comparable extraction procedures, whatever the substance being
      determined.

PMID- 679496
TI  - A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry assay of human plasma catecholamines.
AB  - Dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine have been determined by mass
      fragmentography in plasma of normo- and hypertensive patients. New derivatives of
      norepinephrine and epinephrine have been prepared, allowing the simultaneous
      reading of the base peaks of the three amines and of their internal standards
      with a magnetic-sector mass spectrometer.

PMID- 679495
TI  - Decreased tryptophan excretion by depressive patients.
AB  - The concentration and 24-h urinary excretion of tryptophan has been measured in
      urine samples from monopolar female depressed patients and female control
      subjects. Female depressed patients and the control subjects excrete similar
      amounts of tryptophan. Patients with endogenous features of depression excrete
      significantly less tryptophan in 24 h than do the patients with reactive features
      and the control subjects. The relationship between plasma tryptophan
      concentration and 24-h urine tryptophan excretion in control subjects has been
      investigated and the results discussed in the light of abnormalities of
      tryptophan metabolism in depressive illness.

PMID- 679497
TI  - Skin collagen in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthrosis.

PMID- 679498
TI  - An improved method for the determination of human erythrocyte pyrimidine 5'
      nucleotidase activity.
AB  - A radiometric method is described for measuring pyrimidine 5'-nucleotidase
      activity in human peripheral blood haemolysate. The substrate [14C]uridine
      monophosphate is converted to [14C]uridine. Two simple and rapid methods to
      isolate the product of the reaction employing either descending chromatography or
      elution from DEAE cellulose paper have been developed. With the described methods
      the specific activity of pyrimidine 5'-nucleotidase of human erythrocytes is 6.7
      +/- 2.7 (+/- 1 S.D.) nmol/h/mg protein and this activity appears to be widely
      distributed in human tissue.

PMID- 679499
TI  - Simultaneous study of cortisol, growth hormone and prolactin nyctohemeral
      variations in normal and obese subjects. Influence of prolonged fasting in
      obesity.
AB  - Hourly integrated concentrations (IC) of growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PRL) and
      cortisol were determined by a continuous sampling procedure in six obese women,
      before and at the end of a 12 day fast, and in eight normal controls under basal
      conditions. Hormonal 24 h IC and nyctohemeral variations were calculated from
      these data. Nyctohemeral rhythms were investigated by the periodogram method. A
      significant increase over basal values of 24 h IC of PRL, GH and cortisol was
      observed at the end of the fasting period. Nyctohemeral variations--but not
      nyctohemeral rhythm--of IC-GH were found in normal subjects. They were abolished
      in obese patients under basal conditions but restored during fasting. The
      circadian rhythm of cortisol was not altered in obesity. A shift of the normal
      nyctohemeral rhythm of PRL was observed in obese patients, but the normal pattern
      was restored during fasting.

PMID- 679500
TI  - 'Low T3 syndrome' in patients chronically treated with an iodine-containing drug,
      amiodarone.
AB  - Cardiac patients treated with the iodine-containing drug 'amiodarone' undergo a
      significant iodine overload which can last for months after the drug has been
      withdrawn. Some patients develop hyperthyroidism and others hypothyroidism. In
      the hyper- or hypothyroid patients, the indices of thyroid function are modified
      as usually observed in these situations. In the patients remaining euthyroid
      while taking amiodarone or after its withdrawal, but still under its influence as
      shown by the iodine overload, a 'low-T3 syndrome' is observed, this state being
      characterized by a high total T4, a low free T4, a normal T3 resin uptake, a low
      total T3, a normal free T3, a high r-T3 and a relative TSH-unresponsiveness to
      TRH.

PMID- 679501
TI  - Oestradiol secretion in men and pre-menopausal women.
AB  - Blood samples were obtained from a group of regularly-cycling normal women (n =
      13) and a group of normal men (n = 5) at 15 min intervals for periods ranging
      from 9-14 h whilst the subjects remained resting quietly in bed. The
      concentration of plasma oestradiol was measured in a radioimmunoassay which had
      been carefully optimised and the mean concentration and coefficient of variation
      calculated for each subject. Plasma oestradiol concentrations were found to
      fluctuate rapidly in all subjects. The largest sample-to-sample variation was
      found in regularly cycling women near mid-cycle, and the least variation occurred
      in the male subjects. The coefficients of variation were approximately twice the
      intra-assay variation confirming that the observed pulsatile patterns of
      secretion were not due to technical errors. An analysis of variance performed on
      the mean hourly concentrations from each subject showed a significant variation
      (P less than 0.001) between sampling periods with peaks occurring during the
      first hour of sampling (08.00-09.00 hours). This result is suggestive of the
      presence of a circadian rhythm although it is not conslusive.

PMID- 679502
TI  - Sex hormone concentrations in post-menopausal women.
AB  - Plasma sex hormone concentrations (testosterone, (T), androstenedione (A),
      oestrone (E1) and oestradiol (E2) were measured in forty post-menopausal women
      more than 4 years post-normal menopause. Correlations between these and age,
      years post-menopause (YPM), degree of obesity and fat mass respectively were
      studied. T and A, as well as E1 and E2 were positively correlated (P less than
      0.01), but no statistically significant correlation between A and E1 was
      observed. Sex hormone concentrations in this group of postmenopausal women
      (greater than 4YPM) did not show any variation as a function of age, with the
      possible exception of E2 which showed a tendency to decrease in the late post
      menopause. E1 and to a lesser extent E2 as well as the E1/A ratio were
      significantly corelated with degree of obesity or fat mass, suggesting a possible
      role of fat tissue in the aromatization of androgens. Neither the T/A nor the
      E2/E1 ratios were correlated with fat mass, suggesting that the reduction of 17
      oxo-group does not occur in fat tissue. The E1/A ratio was significantly higher
      than the reported conversion rate of A in E1. This might suggest the existence of
      an additional precursor of plasma E1.

PMID- 679503
TI  - The effect of propranolol on thyroid hormones and oxygen consumption in
      thyrotoxicosis.
AB  - The possibility that propranolol may exert its beneficial actions in
      thyrotoxicosis by an effect on thyroid hormone concentrations has been
      investigated by measuring these and oxygen consumption in a group of thyrotoxic
      patients before and after treatment with propranolol. Following treatment a
      significant fall in plasma T3 concentration and oxygen consumption occurred and a
      direct correlation was found between these two variables. Propranolol may,
      therefore, exert some of its beneficial effects in thyrotoxicosis by an action on
      T3 metabolism.

PMID- 679504
TI  - Bromocriptine treatment of males with pituitary tumours, hyperprolactinaemia, and
      hypogonadism.
AB  - Plasma prolactin concentrations were measured in thirty-four males with pituitary
      tumours and twenty-two patients (65%) were found to have hyperprolactinaemia.
      Plasma testosterone concentrations were subnormal in twenty-nine patients. Ten
      patients with hyperprolactinaemia were treated with bromocriptine; prolactin was
      restored to normal values in eight patients but testosterone secretion remained
      deficient. Two patients were resistant to bromocriptine. Some improvement in
      libido and potency was obtained after restoration of normal prolactin
      concentrations in four cases in spite of persistently low testosterone secretion.
      For maximal improvement in sexual function treatment with both bromocriptine and
      testosterone was required.

PMID- 679505
TI  - Placental sulphatase deficiency: antepartum differential diagnosis from foetal
      adrenal hypoplasia.

PMID- 679506
TI  - Influence of lower body negative pressure upon arginine vasopressin release.
AB  - Lower body negative pressure (9-12 kPa) was applied to ten normal subjects. Large
      increases in plasma arginine vasopression concentration occurred only in subjects
      that experienced syncopal symptoms and developed hypotension. Blood samples
      obtained from the superior vena cava at 1/2 min intervals during application of
      negative pressure showed that maximal plasma vasopressin concentrations occurred
      with hypotension. Chromatography of the presyncopal plasma on Sephadex G-25 gave
      a large peak which eluted in the position of synthetic arginine vasopressin.

PMID- 679507
TI  - Correlations between prolactin and progesterone, oestradiol-17-beta and oestriol
      during early human pregnancy.
AB  - The correlations between serum prolactin and progesterone, oestradiol-17-beta and
      oestriol were determined in 125 pregnant females between the sixth and fourteenth
      week of pregnancy. No significant correlations were found between prolactin and
      progesterone. Correlations between prolactin and oestradiol-17-beta and oestriol
      were mostly positive, but only significant during the twelfth week of pregnancy.

PMID- 679508
TI  - Tests of small-intestinal function--digestion, absorption, secretion.

PMID- 679509
TI  - Tests of gastrointestinal motility.

PMID- 679510
TI  - Breath tests.

PMID- 679511
TI  - Endoscopic cytology and biopsy in the upper gastrointestinal tract.

PMID- 679512
TI  - Double contrast radiology in the gastrointestinal tract.

PMID- 679513
TI  - Visualization of the liver, biliary tree and pancreas. Part I: radiology.

PMID- 679514
TI  - Visualization of the liver, biliary tree and pancreas. Part II: radionuclide
      evaluation.

PMID- 679515
TI  - Visualization of the liver, biliary tree and pancreas. Part III: ultrasound
      scanning.

PMID- 679516
TI  - Physiological and pathophysiological basis for testing excretory function.

PMID- 679517
TI  - Tests of pancreatic secretion.

PMID- 679518
TI  - Presymptomatic diagnosis of adult onset polycystic kidney disease by
      ultrasonography.
AB  - Results of an ongoing prospective study of progeny of patients with adult-onset
      polycystic kidney disease using grey-scale ultrasound and high-dose
      nephrotomography are reported. Six asymptomatic subjects out of 17 at risk for
      polycystic kidney disease were found by ultrasonography to have multiple renal
      cysts; this included two unrelated children aged 18 months and 6 y who had normal
      high-dose nephrotomography. We suggest that ultrasonography may be the method of
      choice for presymptomatic detection of polycystic kidney disease. Serial studies
      of at-risk individuals by sonography will be useful in determining the earliest
      age of detection, the latest age of ultrasonography presentation, and in
      following the natural history of polycystic kidney disease.

PMID- 679519
TI  - The Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen syndrome in adult siblings.
AB  - The clinical and radiographic features of three adult siblings with mental
      deficiency and dwarfism due to the Dyggve-Melchior-Clausen syndrome are
      documented. The consanguinity of the unaffected parents is further evidence to
      support the concept of autosomal recessive inheritance of this disorder. The fact
      that this is the fifth reported kindred of Lebanese extraction emphasises the
      geographic predilection of the abnormal genes.

PMID- 679521
TI  - Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease: data for genetic counseling relating age to risk.
AB  - One hundred and nine individuals from complete sibships at risk for autosomal
      dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease in 15 unrelated families were
      evaluated by physical examination and motor nerve conduction studies. Penetrance
      of the gene was 28% in the first decade, but was essentially complete by the
      middle of the third decade. The average age of onset of symptoms was 12.2 y, with
      a standard deviation of 7.3. Persons at risk who have no clinical manifestations
      and who are over age 27 have less than a 3% probability of having inherited the
      CMT gene.

PMID- 679520
TI  - H-Y antigen in human intersexuality.
AB  - The status of H-Y antigen was studied in 10 intersexual cases (three pure gonadal
      dysgenesis with XY genotype, three Klinefelter's syndrome, two true
      hermaphroditism with XX genotype, two male hermaphroditism) and in 18 normal
      adult subjects (nine males and nine females). In all these subjects, fluorescent
      staining and G-banding on chromosomes from cultured leukocytes confirmed their
      karyotype. Interestingly, H-Y antigen was found to be negative in XY females with
      dysgenetic gonads (PGD), while in the remaining intersexual states (viz
      Klinefelter's syndrome, true hermaphroditism and male hermaphroditism), it was
      found to be positive. These observations confirm that morphological
      differentiation of testis is controlled by H-Y antigen, and indicate that in the
      absence of the H-Y antigen, the gonad in pure gonadal dysgenetic patients (46,
      XY) could not be differentiated into testis, Further, it appears that H-Y antigen
      in no way influences the secretory function of testis.

PMID- 679522
TI  - Biochemical investigations in cultured skin fibroblasts from patients with
      Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
AB  - Cultured skin fibroblasts from patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy were
      studied with a double-labeling procedure. Preliminary evaluation of the growth
      characteristics and average viability of dystrophic cells did not show any major
      abnormalities. Analysis of doubly labeled fibroblast mixture did not disclose any
      consistent anomaly in the distribution of subcellular fractions or in the major
      protein components of dystrophic fibroblasts.

PMID- 679523
TI  - The cherry red spot-myoclonus syndrome: a newly recognized inherited lysosomal
      storage disease due to acid neuraminidase deficiency.
AB  - A newly discovered lysosomal storage disorder, apparently transmitted as an
      autosomal recessive trait, presents with cherry red spots in childhood,
      progressive debilitating myoclonus, insidious visual loss, and normal
      intelligence. Somatic and bony abnormalities are not evident clinically. Neuronal
      lipidosis and vacuolated Kuppfer cells are found upon tissue examination. The
      diagnosis can be most easily confirmed by chromatographic screening for urinary
      sialyloligosaccharides. The primary enzyme defect is a deficiency of an acid
      neuraminidase isoenzyme which cleaves sialyloligosaccharides. I discuss here the
      clinical phenotype in four patients, the chemical abnormality, the pathogenesis,
      the enzyme defect and the molecular genetics of this disorder.

PMID- 679524
TI  - Apparently non-deleted ring-1 chromosome and extreme growth failure in a mentally
      retarded girl.
AB  - A girl, who was the product of the first recognized conception by healthy and
      chromosomally normal parents, and who was born 5 weeks before term with a birth
      weight of only 1,690 g, was found to have a ring-1 chromosome, r(1), in almost
      all cells analysed. A minor proportion of cells had a normal diploid chromosome
      complement including two regular No. 1 homologues. A few cells contained a large
      dicentric ring, and two monocentric ring-1 chromosomes were simultaneously
      observed in a few other cells. Q- and G- banding revealed the r(1) chromosome to
      be apparently non-deleted. The patient phenotypically resembled the three
      previously described human subjects with r(1) chromosomes, especially with
      respect to her remarkable growth failure and metal retardation. From
      consideration of data available on general development in subjects with an
      autosomal ring chromosome, it appears likely that the presence of such a ring
      chromosome per se in an early foetal chromosome complement may predispose to
      significantly retarded intrauterine and postnatal growth. Various genetical
      implications, including mitotic irregularities with subsequent loss of cells at
      division, are thought to account for the significant reduction of body mass in
      these patients.

PMID- 679525
TI  - Incidence and natural history of "head at risk" factors in Perthes' disease.
AB  - Twenty-eight cases of Perthes' disease were evaluated roentgenographically a
      minimum of 4 years after diagnosis (range, 4-17 years). The original
      roentgenograms were examined to see if a prognosis was possible of the final
      result on the basis of: (1) "head at risk" factors, or (2) Catterall's degree of
      epiphyseal involvement. Five "head at risk" factors more accurately predicted the
      course of Perthes' disease than Catterall's degree of epiphyseal involvement. The
      latter may change as the disease progresses. There is a definite decreasing
      incidence of a good radiological result with an increasing number of risk
      factors. The 5 risk factors are: Gage's sign; lateral subluxation; calcification
      lateral to the epiphysis; diffuse metaphyseal reaction and a transverse
      epiphyseal plate. The ability to predict the probable course of the disease and
      the final result should allow early institution of a more rational treatment
      program.

PMID- 679526
TI  - The adductor transfer in the high-risk hip in myelodysplasia: a preliminary
      report.
AB  - Hip instability occurs in meningomyelocele patients with lumbar level paralysis
      because of muscle imbalance. Transferring the hip adductor origins to the ischium
      can be used as the primary procedure to restore muscle balance and prevent hip
      instability in myelodysplasia patients if performed by the age of one year.
      Twelve lumbar meningomyelocele patients underwent bilateral adductor transfers.
      Secondary procedures, such as iliopsoas release or transfer or varus derotation
      osteotomy, were done in 14 hips. Ten hips needed no further surgery. Twenty of 24
      hips were clinically and roentgenographically stable and showed roentgenographic
      evidence of improving hip development. Instability was associated with scoliosis,
      congenital dislocation, and age greater than one year at the time of the
      transfer.

PMID- 679527
TI  - The results of Charnley arthroplasty of hip performed for protrusio acetabuli.
AB  - The results of total hip replacement in protrusio acetabuli using the Charnley
      technique have been very satisfactory. The immediate and late complications have
      been in no way different from those in ordinary cases of osteoarthritis and
      rheumatoid arthritis as performed in this hospital. There was no difference in
      the successful results whether a bone graft or cement alone had been used, and
      nothing to suggest that wire mesh need be used even in the severe cases. The
      diagnosis of idiopathic protrusio is 4 times more frequent than that of secondary
      protrusio. There was an incidence of 10 females for every male suffering from
      protrusio acetabuli. About half of the patients required bilateral low friction
      arthroplasties.

PMID- 679528
TI  - Osteomalacia as a contributing factor in fracture of the femoral neck in the
      elderly in Quatar.
AB  - Eighty-seven patients with femoral neck fractures were investigated for possible
      evidence of osteomalacia. Eighteen patients were under the age of 50, or had
      sustained the fracture following severe injury. No evidence of osteomalacia was
      demonstrated in this group. In the remaining 69 patients the fracture was
      associated with a trivial injury, and in some patients no history of injury could
      be obtained. Only 16 (23.2%) of these showed evidence of osteomalacia; in 7
      (10.1%) the disease was suspected. This occurred more often in women than men,
      and in trochanteric rather than cervical fractures.

PMID- 679529
TI  - Stabilization of Thompson femoral head prosthesis with a porous stem coating: a
      case report.
AB  - A 40-year-old woman with a femoral neck fracture was treated with a proplast
      coated Fred Thompson prosthesis. Two years later the prosthesis was found to be
      securely stabilized to the femoral shaft with tissue ingrowth into the coating.

PMID- 679530
TI  - The effects of walking velocity and age on hip kinematics and kinetics.
AB  - Kinematic and kinetic parameters of gait have a significant dependency on subject
      age and walking velocity. Hip flexion-extension, stride length, hip resultant
      force, hip resultant moment, and hip contact force all increase with increasing
      velocity. All of these parameters except hip resultant force are significantly
      affected by the age of the subject. The evaluation of patients with lower
      extremity problems utilizing such gait parameters must be conducted with an
      appreciation of normal values corrected for subject size, age, and walking
      velocity.

PMID- 679531
TI  - The assessment of the internal rotation gait in cerebral palsy: an
      electromyographic gait analysis.
AB  - A study of 12 cerebral palsied children with internal rotation revealed three
      patterns of electromyographic activity: (1) Diagnostic pattern--where a simple
      muscle group stood out as the responsible agent--notably the medial hamstrings;
      (2) Nondiagnostic pattern--nonrecurring pattern; (3) Nondiagnostic pattern-
      recurring "mass limb reflex" pattern. In all cases, electromyography was useful
      for: (1) confirmation of clinical impressions. Electromyographic confirmation of
      phasic hamstring overactivity gives a firm basis for tendon surgery with
      expectancy of good results. (2) Detection of the responsible muscle group where
      clinical methods fail to do so. It detects the "at risk" patients, where follow
      up with tendon surgery at the appropriate time could be performed with
      predictable results. (3) Selection of patients who are likely to respond to
      tendon surgery, and those unlikely to benefit from it. The adductors and internal
      rotators may play only a secondary role in children whose predominant problem is
      internal rotation during gait. The medial hamstrings stand out as the most
      important single muscle group causing this problem. Consequently, it is important
      to analyze gait problems with the patient walking, and examine electromyographs
      during walking in the overall assessment of a patient with dynamic gait problem.

PMID- 679532
TI  - Use of the Fogarty embolectomy catheter as an "internal tourniquet".
AB  - The Fogarty embolectomy catheter has been found useful in minimizing blood loss
      in large surgical procedures about the hip and pelvis. Its utility lies in the
      ability to achieve temporary intraluminal occlusion of the common iliac artery
      while the proposed surgical procedure is being carried out. The technique of
      instrumentation is simple, rapid, and can be carried out using no special
      instruments other than the catheter itself. The instrumentation adds little, if
      any, additional time to the surgical procedure, and in fact may significantly
      shorten it by achieving earlier definitive hemostasis. Fogarty catheters, a part
      of the regular armamentarium of vascular surgeons, are readily available at most
      institutions.

PMID- 679533
TI  - The immunogenicity of allograft knee joint transplants.
AB  - Joint allotransplantation has been employed in the management of osteoarthritis
      affecting primarily one compartment of the knee. Biological resurfacing and
      realignment of the knee has been the goal. The immunological results of six
      patients posttransplant were studied with the lymphocyte microcytotoxicity test.
      Definite immunogenicity was demonstrated at an early stage. The sera from the
      recipients posttransplant was noted to abrogate the in vitro cytotoxicity
      suggesting the presence of blocking factors. The actual clinical significance of
      this phenomenon was difficult to judge insofar as no evidence of allograft joint
      rejection was seen.

PMID- 679534
TI  - A case report of total knee arthroplasty infected by Pasteurella multocida.
AB  - A 72-year-old woman with a total knee prosthesis was infected with Pasteurella
      multocida organisms from a cat bite. The joint was successfully salvaged by
      surgical debridement, closed tube irrigation utilizing .25% acetic acid and
      appropriate antibiotics.

PMID- 679535
TI  - GSB knee joint: a further possibility, principle, results.
AB  - The GSB Knee joint is a nonconstrained hinge joint, which combines the advantages
      of the so-called condylar or surface prosthesis with those of the constrained
      hinge joints. This report is of observations on the results and complications in
      150 arthroplasties performed over a 5 year period.

PMID- 679536
TI  - Nontraumatic osteomyelitis of the patella.
AB  - Nontraumatic, hemotogenous osteomyelitis is a childhood disease uncommonly
      encountered and rare in the patella. The initial signs are usually
      intraarticular, because of the sterile effusion. The primary pathology in the
      patella is easy to overlook. The infection generally does not penetrate the joint
      cavity and most cases can be treated conservatively, or by local debridement.
      Arthrotomy is not necessary and could involve the joint with the infection.

PMID- 679537
TI  - Function after patellectomy.
AB  - Twenty cases of patellectomy for fracture and 14 cases of patellectomy for
      chondromalacia evaluated for postoperative strength, endurance, pain and
      functional complaints, revealed satisfactory results in 85% of the fracture group
      and 79% of the chondromalacia group. Some quadriceps weakness was usually
      present, but quadriceps strengthening overcame the loss of mechanical efficiency
      caused by patellectomy. A vigorous rehabilitation program should be followed for
      at least one year after surgery to secure the fullest recovery of function.

PMID- 679539
TI  - Arthrographic demonstration of pigmented villonodular synovitis of the knee.
AB  - Arthrography of the knee is most frequently used for diagnosis of conditions
      affecting the cartilage and menisci. In a 40-year-old man with pigmented
      villonodular synovitis, arthrography demonstrated a characteristic pattern of
      multiple filling defects. Arthrography may prove to be as useful for diagnosis of
      synovial lesions as for other intraarticular lesions.

PMID- 679538
TI  - Primary coccidioidal synovitis of the knee: a report of four cases and review of
      the literature.
AB  - Primary coccidioidal synovitis of the knee is a rare disorder and controversy
      exists in the literature over the efficacy of treatment with synovectomy and
      Amphotericin B therapy. Four cases are presented illustrating features of the
      natural history, diagnosis, and treatment of the disease.

PMID- 679540
TI  - The torn or degenerated meniscus and its relationship to degeneration of the
      weight-bearing areas of the femur and tibia.
AB  - Data was collected on 300 cadaver knees dissected for the prime purpose of
      studying chondromalacia of the patella. Simultaneous observations were also made
      on the state of the meniscus and the articular cartilage in the tibio-femoral
      joint. The data did not seem to support the oft-repeated statement that the torn
      meniscus is the primary cause of unicompartmental osteoarthritis. Investigations
      were also carried out on 69 additional cadaver knees and 100 consecutive
      unselected arthroscoped knees in which there was damage either to the meniscus or
      the adjacent joint surfaces. In 60% of the combined series of cadaver and
      arthroscoped knees, the meniscal changes could not be correlated with the
      condition of the articular cartilage. In the remaining 40% in which there was
      coexisting pathology in the meniscus and the articular cartilage, a cause and
      effect relationship could not be established, but there was no evidence that a
      torn meniscus posed a significant threat to the articular cartilage.

PMID- 679541
TI  - Hip and knee joint surgery: retrospect and prospects.

PMID- 679542
TI  - Problem areas in the diagnosis and treatment of ligament injuries of the knee.
AB  - The importance of the correct and early diagnosis of these soft tissue injuries
      to the knee cannot be overemphasized. There is a definite place for non-operative
      management of carefully selected patients. Realistic goals and expectations of
      surgery must be discussed with the patient to avoid postoperative
      misunderstandings. A more aggressive approach to cruciate ligament injuries,
      early mobilization of repairs and reconstructions, and a better understanding of
      the complexities of rotatory instability represent some of the recent, major
      advances in knee ligament surgery. Well supervised and constructed rehabilitation
      programs in the care of these injuries are essential if satisfactory results are
      to be achieved.

PMID- 679543
TI  - Medial collateral ligament injuries of the knee: a rationale for treatment.
AB  - Isolated MCL I and MCL II lesions evidence good recovery of integrity and
      function under non-operative modes of treatment. Isolated MCL III lesions may
      also be treated by non-operative management, but with the expectation of a
      slightly less successful result. However, there is an 80% incidence of
      concomitant ligament injury with this grade of lesion. The prognosis following
      injury to the MCL is significantly influenced by the presence of concurrent
      compromise of other ligaments, particularly that of the anterior cruciate
      ligament. Resolution of knee instability and dysfunction following a mixed MCL
      injury of any grade severity is best accomplished through operative intervention.
      Therefore, it is the authors' opinion that isolated MCL III and all mixed MCL
      lesions are best managed with operative treatment. Because of the apparent
      influence compromise of other ligament structures have on the recovery of MCL
      function, an attempt must be made to repair all acutely injured structures at the
      time of surgery. The keystones of a satisfactory result are early and accurate
      diagnosis, prompt treatment, and when indicated, complete surgical repair.

PMID- 679544
TI  - Neutral fat globules in traumatized knees.
AB  - Synovial fluid was analyzed for neutral fat globules using a modified Gurd test
      in 146 patients with various knee disorders. The presence of liquid neutral fat
      without an intra-articular fracture is an ominous sign of a significant soft
      tissue injury. Mechanically damaged knees contain neutral fat globules that are
      not found in normal or osteoarthritic knees. While liquid neutral fat may suggest
      a surgically amendable ligamentous and/or meniscal injury, 10% of the injured
      knees containing fat had an intra-articular fracture.

PMID- 679545
TI  - Gross pathological changes in the knee joint of the aged individual: a study of
      300 cases.
AB  - The incidence of chondromalacia of the pattella and degenerative arthritis of the
      knee is based on conjectural rather than objective autopsy observations. The
      notion that chondromalacia is a disabling, troublesome and almost universal
      disease affecting most older individuals is chiefly derived from clinical
      impressions of physicians who treat arthritis plus a few reports of European
      authors published some 50 years ago. The present investigation of 300 cadaver
      knees, whose average age was 70 years, demonstrates a much lower incidence of
      degenerative lesions of the articular cartilage than might be expected. There was
      minimal or no damage to the patella in 62% of the cases and an even lower
      incidence of 23% in the weight-bearing areas of the joint. Eighty-two per cent of
      the menisci were essentially normal, as were 96% of the cruciates. In patients in
      the U.S.A., articular cartilage of the knee resists the wear and tear of a normal
      lifespan remarkably well and infrequently undergoes progressive degradation.

PMID- 679546
TI  - Deep venous thrombosis following Charnley arthroplasty.
AB  - A venographic investigation has been carried out on 50 patients undergoing
      Charnley total hip replacement. The overall incidence of thrombus formation was
      54%. Most of the thrombi formed in the second postoperative week, with a
      preponderance for the operated side, and were sevenly distributed throughout the
      venous system. The preoperative assessment both clinical and venographic was of
      no value in predicting thrombus formation postoperatively. The fact that few
      thrombi formed in the "sensitive area" indicates that the Charnley technique of
      arthroplasty and the heat generated using acrylic cement has little part to play
      in the formation of postoperative thrombi, rather that a generalized
      hypercoagulable state is induced by the operation.

PMID- 679547
TI  - Strain gauge analysis of bone response to internal fixation.

PMID- 679548
TI  - Extracortical attachment of bioceramic endoprostheses to long bones without bone
      cement.
AB  - Dense, highly pure A12O3 ceramic not only shows excellent wear resistance and
      tissue biocompatibility, but also has sufficient mechanical strength for loaded
      endoprostheses. The necessary diameter size of the material to sustain adequate
      shear stresses can be achieved, if the endoprosthesis is attached extracortically
      to the conically truncated long bone according to the principle of the conical
      sleeve. Extracortical attachment of the endoprosthesis causes minor nutritive
      damage since long bones derive their vascular supply mainly from the medullary
      cavity. In this way a primary stable and loadable connection is established,
      which is a prerequisite for permanent anchorage of the implant through new bone
      formation. After experiments in 12 dogs bioceramic endoprostheses were implanted
      in a total of 40 human patients using this technique of extracortical attachment
      (12 hip joints, 24 proximal humeri, 4 special constructions). Thirty-six of these
      implants were stable after observation periods ranging from one to 49 months. A
      stable anchorage of the prostheses to the pre-existing bone through new bone
      formation could be demonstrated histologically. The above preliminary results
      show that bioceramic endoprostheses can be "incorporated" in the skeleton and
      possibly also withstand the functional stresses.

PMID- 679549
TI  - An evaluation of a method of trochanteric fixation using three wires in the
      Charnley low friction arthroplasty.
AB  - The crossed wire technique of trochanteric reattachment, with ambulation from the
      second day after the arthroplasty, resulted in 2.3% of complete detachments, and
      2.7% of fibrous union at one year (total failure rate of 5%). Of 75 trochanters
      which had a fibrous union at 3 months, 2 later became completely detached, 27
      remained as a fibrous union and 46 progressed to complete or partial bony union
      by one year. The incidence of defective trochanteric union was 2.3 times more
      frequent in arthroplasties performed by residents in training than it was in
      those performed by senior staff, (10.8% and 4.6% respectively at 3 months and
      5.6% and 2.4% respectively at 12 months). The incidence of defective trochanteric
      union in bilateral arthroplasties was double the rate in unilateral operations,
      (14% and 7% respectively). Eighty-six and one half per cent of the arthroplasties
      which developed defective union of the trochanter showed follow-up radiographic
      evidence of defective fixation, though 13.5% were apparently satisfactory on
      discharge. Roughly 79% (79.2%) of the cases which developed defective union of
      the trochanter developed broken wires within one year of the arthroplasty. Relief
      from pain by total joint arthroplasty was not significantly influenced by
      defective trochanteric union (mean postoperative grade for pain 5.8).

PMID- 679550
TI  - Autologous transfusion and total hip arthroplasty.

PMID- 679551
TI  - The number of total joint replacements in the United States.
AB  - By comparing estimates from several sources an assessment can be made of the
      number of total joint replacement procedures performed annually in the United
      States. Approximately 80,000 hips and 40,000 knee joints were replaced in the
      U.S. during 1976. Total hip replacement has been accepted by the orthopedic
      community as an efficacious mode of treatment of the many painful and disabling
      forms of arthritis. A substantial patient population could benefit from
      perfection of designs for treating joints other than the hip.

PMID- 679552
TI  - A new power tool for removal of methylmethacrylate from the femur.
AB  - An air turbine drill will remove methylmethacrylate from the medullary canal of
      the proximal femur in cases of failed total hip replacement and from the distal
      femur in cases of failed long stem total knee replacement. This power tool is
      expensive, but the high cost is partially offset by multiple other uses: cutting
      burr holes in the skull, doing osteotomies, cutting bone grafts and making
      windows in the femur. The power of the instrument and effectiveness of the burrs
      make it important to have instruction and direct experience in its proper use
      prior to use in the operating room.

PMID- 679553
TI  - The Amsterdam suspension. Balanced suspension after hip surgery.
AB  - The Amsterdam Suspension is an easily applied, mechanically efficient and
      inexpensive apparatus for use in postoperative treatment of patients with either
      hip fractures or arthroplasties. Amsterdam suspension allows lower extremity
      exercises to be started in the immediate post surgical period by markedly
      reducing the gravitation load on the extremity.

PMID- 679555
TI  - Efficacy of graded-compression antiembolism stockings in patients undergoing
      total hip arthroplasty.
AB  - A prospective randomized trial evaluated graded-compression antiembolism
      stockings for prevention of leg vein thrombosis as assessed by Doppler
      ultrasound, in patients undergoing total hip replacement. The study was
      terminated after the evaluation of 18 patients revealed a significantly greater
      incidence of deep vein thrombosis, documented by phlebography, in patients
      without stockings (5 of 10) compared to those with stockings (none of 8, p less
      than 0.03). Three of the patients with thrombosis developed pulmonary emboli.
      Although the sample size of this study is small, the implication that graded
      compression stockings reduce the incidence of leg vein thrombosis is strong and
      is supported by the results of other recent trials. These findings are at
      variance with earlier studies which failed to document efficacy of elastic
      stockings, which involved products which did not provide graded limb compression.

PMID- 679554
TI  - Gluteal compartment syndromes: a report of three cases and management utilizing
      the Wick catheter.
AB  - Contusion or prolonged compression of the buttock produced severe local injury in
      3 cases. Rhabdomyolysis with acute renal failure occurred in 2 of these cases,
      and one of them had an associated sciatic nerve palsy. The affected muscles
      included the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, and the tensor fascia latae.
      Clinically and experimentally, these muscles were shown to be functionally
      enclosed within separate compartments like the peripheral limb muscles. Prompt
      decompression in the two cases with pressures exceeding 30 mm Hg resulted in
      muscle and nerve recovery.

PMID- 679556
TI  - Persistent sciatic artery and sciatic artery aneurysm: a hazard in hip surgery.
AB  - During a posterior approach to the hip joint great caution must be exercised in
      protecting a persistent sciatic artery. Inappropriate trauma could either cause
      peripheral embolization, propagation of mural clots, or rupture. Prior to
      ligation, arteriography is critical because, despite the presence of strong
      femoral or popliteal pulses, the persistent sciatic artery may be the main
      conduit to the lower extremity.

PMID- 679557
TI  - The histological characteristics of congenital coxa vara: a case report of a five
      year old boy.
AB  - In a 51/2 year old boy with unilateral coxa vara who died of unrelated causes
      histological sections were made of the proximal femora and pelvic growth plates.
      The proximal femora were also perfused to study the pattern of arterial supply.
      Evidence of active endochondral ossification was not detectable in growth plates
      of the affected right femur, the clinically and roentgenographically normal left
      femur and the pelvis, including a Salter Type II fissure fracture. The
      endochondral ossification defect found in growth plates of the proximal right
      femur and pelvis was associated with a reduction in the number and caliber of
      intraosseous arteries supplying the metaphyseal sides of the growth plates in the
      proximal femur and those supplying the subchondral region and extraosseous medial
      ascending cervical arteries on the surface of the femoral neck. This deficiency
      in endochondral ossification resembles a form of dwarfism associated with a coxa
      vara and a generalized growth plate disorder.

PMID- 679558
TI  - Biomechanical aspects of Salter osteotomy.
AB  - A mathematical model of a Salter osteotomy in an adult male pelvis reveals that
      during innominate osteotomy, the center of the hip joint moves distally,
      posteriorly, and medially. The acetabulum extends by an angle roughly equivalent
      to the angle of osteotomy opening. Adduction of the acetabulum takes place to a
      lesser extent. Hip abductors and flexors tighten minmally following innominate
      osteotomy. Augmentation of abduction occurs as a result of medial acetabular
      displacement rather than gross alteration of the abductor muscles themselves.
      Theoretical considerations suggest that the surgeon should strive to obtain
      maximum correction at the osteotomy site while avoiding levering at the greater
      sciatic notch.

PMID- 679559
TI  - Combined valgus derotation osteotomy and cervical osteoplasty for severely
      slipped capital femoral epiphysis: mechanical analysis and report preliminary
      results using compression screw fixation and early weight bearing.
AB  - Although considerable remodeling can occur in slipped capital femoral epiphysis,
      it is generally conceded that the severely-slipped epiphysis requires corrective
      osteotomy to restore adequate range of motion, and to prevent early degenerative
      changes. A study of artifically-created severe slips in cadaver specimens
      demonstrated that removal of the cervical prominence, as well as valgus
      derotational osteotomy is necessary to restore good range of motion and provide a
      satisfactory weight-bearing surface. Clinical trial in 6 patients also
      demonstrated that the cervical prominence is a barrier to flexion, internal
      rotation, and abduction even after a valgus derotational osteotomy. The Watson
      Jones approach afforded adequate exposure of the anterior femoral neck and head
      as well as the femoral shaft to allow excision of the cervical prominence,
      insertion of internal fixation, and adjustment of valgus and rotation under
      direct vision. The Richards compression screw proved to be ideal for fixation in
      the proper degree of valgus, and for allowing rotary alignment of the distal
      fragments. Early results were very good, and all patients had near-normal hip
      flexion, internal rotation, and abduction; and most were able to bear weight in
      the early postoperative period. The operation appears to offer a workable
      solution to the problem posed by the severly slipped capital femoral epiphysis,
      but more definitive conclusions must await the results of a larger series.

PMID- 679560
TI  - Base of the neck extracapsular osteotomy for correction of deformity in slipped
      capital femoral epiphysis.
AB  - This is a report on a University of Illinois Hospital series of cases of
      extracapsular base of the neck osteotomy for slipped capital femoral epiphyses.
      The osteotomy was performed on 20 hips in 16 patients, with a 71/2 year average
      follow-up. The results of this procedure are encouraging and illustrate the
      advantages of technical simplicity and minimal risk of avascular necrosis. The
      method does not create any additional deformity. The only disadvantage is that
      the correction could be limited. The maximum correction of posterior tilt was 55
      degrees and the maximum correction of varus deformity was 50 degrees.

PMID- 679561
TI  - Detection of heterotopic calcification with 99mTc-pyrophosphate in spinal cord
      injury patients.
AB  - Whole body 99mTc-pyrophosphate scans were obtained and correlated with skeletal
      radiographs for detection of heterotopic calcification in 122 spinal injury
      patients. There were 27 patients with recent injury (less than 6 months) and 95
      with injury of 6 months to 25 years duration. Ectopic calcification was detected
      in 8 of the 27 patients (30%) with recent injury and in 32 of the 95 (34%) with
      injury of over 6 months duration. Ectopic calcification seen on radiographs were
      also seen on scans in all instances. The scan was a sensitive indicator of the
      ectopic calcification particularly at its early stage, and detected its presence
      before observable radiographic changes in 5 patients with injury of 1-3 months
      duration. In 3 of the 5 patients, the ectopic calcification mimicked deep vein
      thrombosis in presentation, and the scan was valuable in identifying the nature
      of the complication.

PMID- 679562
TI  - Reproducibility of ventilation studies.
AB  - Differences in ventilation patterns were observed in several instances in two
      consecutive ventilation studies with 127 Xe and 133Xe gas involving a group of 20
      patients with COPD and other pulmonary disorders. Included were differences in
      the distribution of a tracer gas bolus during the initial inspiration, the
      distribution of gas tracer after equilibration and during gas washout, artifacts
      external to the lung, and variations in the half-time for gas washout. The
      observed discrepancies are clinically significant and could lead to erroneous or
      ambiguous diagnoses.

PMID- 679563
TI  - Implications of liver activity associated with 133Xe ventilation lung scans.
AB  - A series of 35 xenon-133 (133Xe) ventilation studies yielded nine cases
      demonstrating accumulation of activity in the liver. Maximum intrahepatic
      deposition of radioxenon occurred during the washout phase of the study. In
      addition to those clinical instances which make this phenomenon possible, i.e.,
      obesity, alcoholic-induced liver steatosis and diabetes mellitus, we found that
      hyperlipidemia and coronary artery disease also favor xenon-133 localization into
      the hepatic parenchyma. It is concluded that the lipid avidity of 133Xe
      facilitates its liver accumulation hyperlipidemic patients and in patients with
      coronary artery disease, and that this action may be explored to further
      understand deranged metabolic pathways in the liver of these patients. Hepatic
      accumulation of 133Xe during ventilation studies must be considered when
      assessing regional ventilation/perfusion relationships.

PMID- 679564
TI  - Radionuclide brain scan findings in superior sagittal sinus thrombosis.
AB  - Superior sagittal sinus thrombosis is a serious condition requiring early
      diagnosis. This paper presents our experience with two cases and describes the
      findings. In one case radionuclide brain imaging was the first study performed.
      In the other, the diagnosis was made at arteriography with scanning used for
      follow-up.

PMID- 679565
TI  - Technique of scanning for Meckel's diverticulum.
AB  - 99mTc-pertechnetate scanning is now recognized as a useful means of detecting
      Meckel's diverticula. When these contain gastric mucosa and present with
      ulceration and bleeding, the ectopic gastric mucosa can be identified by its
      secretion of 99mTc-pertechnetate. However, the secretions of normal gastric and
      salivary glands can pool in the gut and simulate a Meckel's diverticulum. We
      believe the diagnostic procedure of choice to include both continuous nasogastric
      suction and continuous sequential gamma camera images. To support this view, we
      present cases illustrating 1) that 99mTc-pertechnetate can appear in the bowel
      within the first few minutes of administering 99mTc-pertechnetate, even in the
      absence of a Meckel's diverticulum; 2) that rapid sequential camera views are
      helpful but not definitive in distinguishing such bowel activity from a Meckel's
      diverticulum; and 3) that continuous nasogastric suction most successfully
      eliminates this interference.

PMID- 679566
TI  - Demonstration of a radionuclide pattern in phenochromocytomas in children.
AB  - Scintigraphic findings in a child with pheochromocytomas is illustrated. The
      patient demonstrated a hypervascular lesion during the radionuclide angiogram,
      and renal displacement on subsequent static images.

PMID- 679567
TI  - Clinical experience with [111 In] indium chloride scanning in inflammatory
      diseases.
AB  - Forty-eight patients were scanned with 111 In-chloride in an attempt to identify
      the cause of fever. Fifteen true positive scans, 30 true negatives, and 3 false
      negatives were found. Of the 15 true positives, 7 cases of abdominal or pelvic
      abscess, and 8 cases of alcoholic hepatitis were detected. The 3 false negatives
      included: 1) an abscess in the anterior abdominal wall; 2) an abscess in the
      right upper quadrant at the site of a necrotic gallbladder; and 3) a tuberculous
      abscesss of the lumbar spine. Examples from the different categories, pitfalls in
      interpretation and advantages and disadvantages of scanning with 111In-chloride
      will be presented. These studies indicate that 111In-chloride is a safe, reliable
      scanning agent for abscesses below the diaphragm especially in patients who
      cannot undergo adequate bowel preparation.

PMID- 679568
TI  - Splenic focal defect produced by barium in the colon.

PMID- 679569
TI  - Positive bone scintigraphy in condensing osteitis of the clavicle.

PMID- 679570
TI  - Pseudomonas osteomyelitis involving the entire lumbar spine.

PMID- 679571
TI  - Liver/pleural cavity scan for diagnosis of subphrenic abscess.
AB  - The interpretation of a combined liver/lung scan can be difficult in patients
      with pleural or pulmonary disease. A procedure is suggested to circumvent these
      difficulties by injecting 99mTc-sulfur colloid into the pleural cavity. A scan of
      the pleural cavity can then replace the lung scan in the conventional liver/lung
      scan. Two examples of liver/pleural cavity scans are shown.

PMID- 679572
TI  - Perfusion vascularity mismatch in liver hemangiomas.
AB  - Perfusion defect in the dynamic study and slow filling of the lesion by a blood
      pool agent were observed in three cases with large cavernous hemangiomas of the
      liver. This finding is explained by the low perfusion and the large blood volume
      of cavernous hemangiomas. When such a lesion is suspected a late blood pool study
      should be performed in order to demonstrate the true vascularity of the lesion.

PMID- 679574
TI  - Clinical application of 201Tl scintigraphy in patients with cold thyroid nodules.
AB  - 201Tl-chloride scintigraphy was performed in 45 patients with cold thyroid
      nodules. The 201Tl scintigram was positive in 17 of 18 thyroid patients with
      cancer (94.4%), 8 of 20 patients with an ademoma (40.0%), 1 of 2 adenomatous
      goiter patients (50.0%), and all of 5 cases of chronic thyroiditis (100.0%). When
      the cold nodule was demonstrated to be positive with 201Tl, the statistical
      chance of the lesion being a cellular one was 100.0% and a risk of its malignancy
      was 54.8%. On the other hand, the nodule with negative 201Tl concentration had a
      14.3% chance of cellularity and a 7.1% risk of malignancy. Thus, 201Tl
      scintigraphy is of use in the differential diagnosis of the cold thyroid nodule.

PMID- 679573
TI  - Diagnosis of extra-hepatic abnormalities on dynamic study over thoraco-abdominal
      region prior to hepatic imaging.
AB  - Findings on 262 thoraco-abdominal dynamic studies done at the time of hepatic
      imaging were reviewed. Twenty-nine extra-hepatic abnormalities were diagnosed
      solely on the basis of these studies, including pericardial and pleural effusions
      and decreased perfusion to one lung. Half of these abnormalities were not
      suspected clinically. The dynamic study is an important part of hepatic imaging
      and should be performed routinely. Besides aiding in differential diagnosis of
      various hepatic lesions, extra-hepatic abnormalities can be discovered.

PMID- 679575
TI  - Substernal thyroid carcinoma detected by 67Ga scan in a patient with normal 131I
      scan.
AB  - A patient with a superior mediastinal mass on an admission chest radiograph was
      initially evaluated by an 131I thyroid scan which failed to demonstrate a
      substernal thyroid. However, the tomographic 67Ga scan clearly showed an abnormal
      uptake in the area corresponding to the mass lesion on radiographic examination.
      Subsequent resection and biopsy of the substernal mass revealed a poorly
      differentiated follicular carcinoma with foci of anaplastic carcinoma. The
      differential diagnosis of the anterior mediastinal mass and the usefullness of
      the tomographic gallium scan are briefly discussed.

PMID- 679576
TI  - 67Ga-citrate scanning in hypernephroma.
AB  - 67Ga scanning was performed in 26 patients with hypernephroma (17 with only a
      primary lesion of hypernephroma, 4 with both primary and metastatic lesions, 2
      with hypernephroma and pyelonephritis, and 3 with only a metastatic lesion after
      nephrectomy). In patients with primary lesions alone, the positive finding rate
      by 67Ga scanning was low (26%), and in metastatic lesions that by scanning was
      high (86%). The practical conclusions are as follows: 67Ga scanning is of littel
      use as a diagnostic aid in primary lesion of hypernephroma, but may be useful in
      case with metastases with inflammatory disease.

PMID- 679577
TI  - Overlying breast as cause of false-positive thallium scans.

PMID- 679578
TI  - Psoas bed gallium uptake in a patient with carcinoma of the cervix post
      irradiation--abscess or metastasis.

PMID- 679579
TI  - A case of pancreatic pseudocyst extending into the spleen with associated
      subcapsular hemorrhage.

PMID- 679580
TI  - Perfusion and ventilation imaging in pulmonary tuberculosis.

PMID- 679581
TI  - The effect of tuberculosis on the distribution of pulmonary blood flow and
      ventilation.

PMID- 679582
TI  - The clinical presentations of Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Comments on
      recognition and management based on a study of 63 patients.
AB  - Rocky Mountain spotted fever continues to increase in the United States and the
      case-fatality ratio remains unchanged despite the availability of effective
      antibiotics. The apparent reason for the continuing deaths from this disease is
      the failure of physicians to consider the diagnosis in patients presenting with
      febrile exanthems in the late spring and summer months. A clinical diagnosis
      should be based on the history of tick exposure and the presence of fever and the
      typical exanthem. Serologic tests are useful mainly in retrospect. This article
      reviews the clinical experience with Rocky Mountain spotted fever in an endemic
      area in recent years and discusses problems in the diagnosis and management.

PMID- 679583
TI  - Anaerobic bacteremia as observed in a children's hospital. Clinically this may
      signify true anaerobic sepsis.
AB  - To ascertain the significance of anaerobic bacteremia in a children's hospital,
      the records of all patients whose blood cultures grew anaerobes during a 24-month
      period were reviewed. Anaerobes were isolated from 144 out of 1,126 blood
      cultures yielding bacteria. Anaerobic diphtheroid grew in 122 out of 143
      anaerobic cultures, but only 4 out of 122 were isolated from patients with
      anaerobic sepsis. Nine per cent of the total episodes of anaerobic bacteremia
      occurred in 13 children who met out criteria for anaerobic sepsis; two oor more
      blood cultures obtained within a three-day period growing anaerobic bacteria, or
      an aerobe and an anaerobe, in a febrile child or one with an apparent infectious
      focus. Bacteroides accounted for 7 out of 13 (64 per cent) of the relevant
      isolates, while anaerobic diphtheroids 4 out of 13 (26 per cent) and anaerobic
      gram-positive cocci accounted for the remainder 2 out of 13 (18 per cent). Only
      one infant, with polymicrobial bacteremia, died, suggesting that anaerobic
      bacteremia is associated with less mortality in children than in adults.
      Anaerobic sepsis occurred in children who have had recent abdominal surgery, or
      who are immunosuppressed.

PMID- 679584
TI  - New boy-girl blood pressure chart for pediatric office use. A single-sheet graph
      for all children.

PMID- 679585
TI  - Neuroblastoma "leukemia"--a rarity? Report of a case.

PMID- 679586
TI  - Sudden bilateral blindness in children. Selected cases are presented and
      differential diagnosis is discussed.

PMID- 679587
TI  - The recognition of urinary tract infections in office-based pediatric practice.
      Need for a systematic approach to the use of urine cultures in ambulatory care.

PMID- 679588
TI  - Colocolic intussusception in an older child. Caused by a polyp of the distal
      colon.

PMID- 679589
TI  - Diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 679591
TI  - Star of the screen (Diogenes strikes again!).

PMID- 679590
TI  - Does lead play a role in adolescent hypertension?

PMID- 679592
TI  - Clinically significant adverse effects in a Phase 1 testing program.
AB  - Twelve years' experience with a Phase I drug testing program in normal prison
      volunteers is reported. Involved in 805 protocol studies were 29,162 participants
      over 614,534 subject days. During this period there were 64 significant medical
      events of which 58 were adverse drug reactions and 6 were complications. One
      subject has residual hip changes due to an infectious complication, another on
      placebo died from cerebrovascular hemorrhage while asleep. There was complete
      recovery from all adverse drug reactions and the other 4 complications
      encountered. Thus a clinically significant medical event occurred once every
      9,602 days subject exposure or about once every 26.3 years of individual subject
      participation.

PMID- 679593
TI  - The rate of development of new drugs in the United States, 1963 through 1975.
AB  - Information was obtained on 1,103 new chemical entities (NCEs) first tested in
      man from 1963 through mid-1975 by 36 U. S.-owned and 10 foreign-owned
      pharmaceutical companies operating in the U. S. Of these NCEs 1,029 reached the
      stage of IND filing. The portion of the U. S. industry responsible for the NCEs
      was relatively concentrated; 7 of the 36 companies accounted for half of the NCEs
      and 4 of these accounted for one-third. Although the annual worldwide rate of
      testing of NCEs by U. S. companies appeared to rise and then fall from 1963
      through 1966, since 1966 the rate has been fairly constant. With time, however, a
      higher proportion of U. S.-owned NCEs is being first studied in man abroad. The
      annual rate of IND filings for U. S.-owned NCEs generally declined from 1965 to
      1972, whereas the rate was fairly constant for foreign-owned NCEs over the entire
      period. The overall success rate in drug development has been low; nearly 90% of
      the NCEs studied in man are dropped prior to NDA submission, but about 88% of the
      NDAs submitted are approved for market. The 1974-1975 data indicate that the mean
      durations of the IND and NDA phase were then 4 and 2 years, respectively.
      However, there were variations in the time required for DNA approval between
      different pharmacologic areas. The data described in this paper represent the
      first baselines against which future trends in the processes of drug development
      and approval can be measured.

PMID- 679594
TI  - Plasma protein binding and distribution characteristics of drugs as indices of
      their hemodialyzability.
AB  - The dialysis clearance, plasma protein binding, and distribution (expressed as
      volume of distribution) characteristics of a drug were evaluated as predictive
      indices of the efficiency of hemodialysis in removing drug from the body.
      Dialysis clearance correlated poorly with the fraction of drug in the body
      removed by hemodialysis. The best predictive measure of hemodialysis efficiency
      was obtained by a nonlinear model relating the ratio of the percent of free drug
      in the plasma and the volume of distribution of the drug to the fraction removed.
      Knowledge of the binding and distribution characteristics of a drug provides
      insight into the dialyzability of a drug which in turn may assist in coming to
      decisions on the necessity of dose adjustments for patients on chronic
      hemodialysis and the rational use of hemodialysis in the treatment of drug
      intoxication.

PMID- 679595
TI  - Spironolactone-induced changes in digoxin kinetics.
AB  - Plasma clearance, volumes of distribution, and renal and extrarenal clearances of
      digoxin were calculated from plasma digoxin concentrations and urinary excretion
      of digoxin after intravenous injection of digoxin in 8 subjects. The
      investigation was repeated in the same subjects during long-term treatment with
      spironolactone. Increased plasma concentration of digoxin was detected during
      spironolactone treatment. Calculated plasma and renal clearances of digoxin and
      the volumes of distribution decreased statistically significant. Near maximal
      capacity for the tubular secretion of digoxin was found when normal digoxin
      dosage was used. It is suggested that unless spironolactone decreases the
      myocardial sensitivity for digoxin, the loading dose as well as the maintenance
      dose of digoxin should be reduced during treatment with spironolactone.

PMID- 679596
TI  - Bumetanide-induced rise in plasma renin activity.

PMID- 679597
TI  - Plasma binding and disposition of furosemide in the nephrotic syndrome and in
      uremia.

PMID- 679598
TI  - Influence of corticosteroid on hexobarbital and tolbutamide disposition.
AB  - The influence of 10 days' prednisone treatment on the disposition of hexobarbital
      and tolbutamide was studied in 7 healthy male volunteers. No significant changes
      in the pharmacokinetic parameters of the two drugs became apparent, which
      indicates that prednisone pretreatment does not affect their metabolic
      activities.

PMID- 679599
TI  - Effect of human growth hormone on amobarbital metabolism in children.
AB  - Drug metabolism changes during the course of growth and development. Hormones
      mediate somatic growth and may mediate other developmental changes. To determine
      the effect of human growth hormone (hGH) on human drug metabolism, 6 hGH
      deficient children were given single oral doses of amobarbital before and 6 wk
      after beginning hGH replacement therapy. Amobarbital was selected as a marker of
      hepatic microsomal oxidation. Half-lives rose from 13.89 +/- 2.78 hr to 22.75 +/-
      3.97 hr, volume of distribution was unchanged, and clearance fell from 62.2 +/-
      15.2 ml/kg/hr to 31.2 +/- 11.4 ml/kg/hr. Results indicate that hGH slows the
      metabolism of amobarbital, probably through an effect on the hepatic microsomal
      drug-oxidizing system.

PMID- 679600
TI  - Effects of an oral contraceptive on hepatic size and antipyrine metabolism in
      premenopausal women.
AB  - Liver volume and antipyrine disposition have been investigated in healthy
      premenopausal women who received 30 microgram ethinyl oestradiol + 500 microgram
      dl-norgesterol as an oral contraceptive. Six months' treatment was associated
      with a 17% increase in liver volume while no change occurred in age-matched
      control subjects. In the same subjects the contraceptive decreased antipyrine
      clearance by 21%. Thus the contraceptive markedly reduced drug-metabolizing
      activity per unit volume of liver by 33%. In additional subjects, discontinuation
      of the contraceptive resulted in a 30% increase in antipyrine clearance. These
      observations confirm that conventional oral contraceptive therapy to
      premenopausal women increases hepatic size and that it is a potent inhibitor of
      drug-metabolizing activity.

PMID- 679601
TI  - Minocycline and doxycycline kinetics in chronic renal failure.

PMID- 679602
TI  - Phenytoin therapy.

PMID- 679603
TI  - Microvascular grafting.
AB  - In microvascular replantation and transplantation surgery, vascular repairs must
      be performed on undamaged vessels without tension. Meticulous inspection under
      the microscope will enable the microsurgeon to delineate th proper level of
      vascular debridement. The resultant defect, be it 2 or 20cm in length, can then
      be bridged with autogenous microvascular grafts. Forty-one microvascular grafts
      have been used on 17 patients, with survival of all but one transplant and
      replant.

PMID- 679604
TI  - Digit replantation. Analysis of 163 replantations in an 11 year period.
AB  - From July 1965 to June 1976, 163 digits in 107 patients were replanted, and 145
      digits survived-an 89 per cent success rate. Critical analyses were made of the
      causes of failures, complications, bone union, sensory recovery, secondary
      reconstructive procedures, and the final outcome. The majority of the patients
      were satisfied with their replanted digits, and no reamputation because of
      uselessness or causalgic pain of the replanted part has been necessary.

PMID- 679605
TI  - Limb replantation.

PMID- 679607
TI  - Reconstruction of the hypopharynx and cervical esophagus with microvascular
      jejunal transplant.
AB  - A method of replacement of the hypopharynx and cervical esophagus utilizing a
      microvascular jejunal transplant has been presented. This has been found to be a
      clinically acceptable and reliable method of repair. Its primary advantage
      compared with other methods of reconstruction is that it is a one-stage repair
      with a lower incidence of postoperative complications.

PMID- 679606
TI  - Microvascular free toe transfer.

PMID- 679608
TI  - Pulmonary complications in fulminant hepatic failure: analysis of serial
      radiographs from 100 consecutive patients.

PMID- 679609
TI  - Obituary: Lord Cohen of Birkenhead CH, MD, FRCP, FRCR (Hon).

PMID- 679610
TI  - The chest film findings in 'Q' fever--a series of 35 cases.
AB  - Thirty-five cases of 'Q' fever have been admitted and confirmed serologically
      over the past 20 years. Thirty-two of these cases had chest films on admission,
      and lung changes were present in 87%. The lung changes were: 1. Multiple round
      segmental consolidations, 5--10 cm in diameter, of ground glass density and
      usually situated in the lower lobes. 2. Linear atelectasis. 3. Lobar or partial
      lobar consolidation, with some loss of volume in the affected lobe. 4. A slight
      pleural reaction in a few cases. 5. Some cases had background emphysema of the
      lungs. All the lesions tended to be slow to clear. The resolution time was from
      10 to 70 days, with an average time fo 30 days. Some of the segmental lesions
      became small, round and dense during resolution. The 35 cases were almost
      exclusively in males. The finding of a single or multiple round segmental
      opacities of ground glass density, as described, especially with linear
      atelectasis, was found to be good evidence that the patient had 'Q' fever. The
      point is made that the admission chest film is in some cases a very useful early
      pointer to the diagnosis. This allows specific chemotherapy to be started before
      the serological results have come back. Plate atelectasis was helpful as a
      distinguishing feature from primary atypical pneumonia.

PMID- 679611
TI  - Pleural effusion aspiration with ultrasound.
AB  - This paper describes how pulsed ultrasound applied through a combined transducer
      aspirator aids in the location and complete aspiration of pleural exudates,
      particularly loculated ones, which may be difficult to assess fully using
      clinical techniques alone.

PMID- 679612
TI  - The role of echocardiography in suspected infective endocarditis.
AB  - In 14 of 15 patients initially suspected of having infective endocarditis
      echocardiography accurately predicted the final diagnosis. Echocardiography is
      particularly valuable in culture negative cases and in excluding patients with
      other conditions whose clinical features mimic those of infective endocarditis.
      The presence of fibrosed aortic valve cusps resulted in one false positive
      diagnosis of valvular vegetations.

PMID- 679613
TI  - The epinephrine effect in renal angiography revisited.
AB  - The effect of various doses of epinephrine on the renal vessels was studied
      angiographically in 15 kidneys including three renal tumours. Commonly used doses
      (10--25 microgram) are often too high as demonstrated in this study. Our findings
      indicate that the optimal dose for pharmacoangiography of renal masses should be
      2--5 microgram of epinephrine. The time interval between drug administration and
      angiography should be less than 1 min and optimally in the range of 10--30s.

PMID- 679614
TI  - Smooth muscle tumours of the upper gastrointestinal tract.
AB  - The clinical and radiological features and endoscopic findings in 13 patients
      with smooth muscle tumours of the upper gastrointestinal tract are reviewed. The
      study emphasises the non-specific nature of the symptomatology and exemplifies a
      number of aspects of the radiological picture of these disorders. It also
      illustrates some of the problems that can arise in their investigation, by
      radiological and endoscopic methods, and gives some indication of the favourable
      prognosis that may obtain when complete surgical removal of the tumour is
      possible.

PMID- 679615
TI  - Synovial rupture of the knee joint: confusion with deep vein thrombosis.
AB  - Four patients were admitted to hospital with a provisional diagnosis of deep vein
      thrombosis. Arthrography of the knee joint subsequently demonstrated the presence
      of synovial cysts in all four patients with rupture into the tissues of the calf
      in two cases. These conditions are difficult to distinguish clincally and
      radiological investigation may be required to provide the correct diagnosis.
      Synovial rupture should be suspected in patients with knee effusions who develop
      acute pain and swelling of the calf, particularly if the patient has rheumatoid
      arthritis.

PMID- 679616
TI  - Paget's diseases of bone: some observations on the relation of the skeletal
      distribution to pathogenesis.
AB  - A survey of the prevalence of Paget's disease in the United Kingdom (Barker et
      al., 1977) revealed 1225 patients with Paget's disease, detected in films of the
      lumbar spine, pelvis and femoral heads. These films and others obtained in these
      patients, have been analysed; 100 of the patients received full skeletal surveys.
      In these, the order of frequency of involvement was pelvis, lumbar spine, sacrum,
      femur, skull and dorsal spine. A similar distribution was found in those with
      incomplete surveys, with lower frequencies elsewhere in the skeleton. The extent
      of disease tended to increase with age. In the pelivs, the femora and the
      clavicles there was a right-sided bias; in the spine there were well-defined
      distributional differences. Of the patients with full skeletal surveys, 90%
      showed the disease in films covering the lumbar spine, pelvis and upper ends of
      femora and 31% had monostotic disease. The geographical and anatomical findings
      suggest that environment and stress are factors in the development of Paget's
      disease.

PMID- 679617
TI  - A radiological study of vertebral and rib malformations in children with
      myelomeningocele.
AB  - Postmortem radiographs from 112 infants with thoracolumbosacral or lumbosacral
      myelomeningoceles were surveyed for associated vertebral and rib malformations.
      Sixty-four exhibited a variety of anomalies including hemivertebrae, fused
      vertebral bodies, fused vertebral arches, fused ribs, absence of ribs and absence
      of vertebral bodies. Anomalies were commonly associated with the cranial end of a
      dysraphic spina bifida region; in addition hemivertebrae and rib fusion exhibited
      peak incidences centred around the seventh cervical and fourth thoracic vertebra
      respectively. Fusion of vertebral arch elements increased in frequency throughout
      the thoracic region towards T10. The twelfth pair of ribs were absent in 20% of
      cases. Apparent absence of vertebral bodies from the caudal end of the vertebral
      column was seen in 24% of the radiographs.

PMID- 679618
TI  - Radiological aspects of posterior dislocation of the hip.
AB  - Ninety-six cases of traumatic dislocation of the hip were admitted to one general
      hospital over a 10-year period. Eighty of these (83.3%) were posterior
      dislocations, usually with associated acetabular fractures (81.25%). The
      aetiology and various complications of posterior hip dislocation are described
      adn discussed, together with the radiographic management. Radiologists should
      take special care to exclude associated femoral and pelvic fractures both within
      and beyond the acetabulum. Fractures of the ipsilateral femur associated with
      posterior hip dislocation usually involve the femoral head and the radiological
      appearances and assessment of this injury is important. Ipsilateral femoral shaft
      fractures are less frequent, but it may be the hip dislocation which is then
      overlooked unless there is an awareness of the combined injury.

PMID- 679619
TI  - The soft tissue sign: a new parameter in the diagnosis of the fractures of the
      base of the skull.

PMID- 679620
TI  - The relationship between microcalcification and in situ carcinoma of the breast.
AB  - The relationship of microcalcification to lobulo-ductal dysplasia and non
      invasive carcinoma was studied in 20 women with in situ carcinoma of the breast.
      All had microcalcification on the mammogram and in half there was also
      mammographic evidence of disruption of the breast structure. Three-quarters of
      the women presented with breast symptoms. Multifocal carcinoma was found in seven
      patients and the histology suggested that not all foci may progess to extensive
      duct infiltration or invasion. Calcification was found to occur both in carcinoma
      and in adjacent benign breast lesions and in three cases no evidence of
      calcification was found in the carcinoma, but was present in adjacent
      epitheliosis. The origin and distribution of microcalcification appears to be the
      same in epithelial hyperplasia, non-invasive carcinoma and invasive carcinoma and
      there may be a relationship between the amount of calcification and the activity
      of the epithelial cells. Microcalcification is not specific to breast cancer, but
      is a product of increased cellular activity in the lobulo-ductal complex and may
      be extruded into the surrounding interstitial tissue. This implies that
      microcalcification on the mammogram, particularly if sparse, demonstrates a high
      risk area of breast rather than a certainty of the presence of carcinoma.

PMID- 679621
TI  - Internal mammary lymphoscintigraphy: a rational adjunct to the staging and
      management of breast carcinoma.
AB  - Radionuclide lymphoscintigraphy utilising the bilateral subcostal introduction
      into the posterior rectus sheath of a small volume of radiocolloid of suitable
      particle size (99mTc antimony colloid) has provided scintigraphic images of
      diagnostic quality of the parasternal nodes in 2328 patients with malignant
      disease. An evaluation of the use of this technique in 1072 patients with breast
      carcinoma underlines the value of a procedure which, utilised routinely, should
      alter conventional staging criteria and provide a more rational basis for the
      management of patients with breast carcinoma and assessment of end results.

PMID- 679622
TI  - The investigation of postmastectomy oedema of the arm by lymphography and
      venography.

PMID- 679623
TI  - Sustained tumour opacification in infants during cerebral angiography.
AB  - Total body opacification in infants following the intravenous injection of a
      large dose of water soluble contrast medium has long been recognised, but no
      example of increased radiodensity of abdominal or intracranial tumours has been
      reported using this technique. This paper reports the sustained opacification of
      intracranial tumours in three infants during cerebral angiography. Two of the
      tumours were papillomas of the choroid plexus of the lateral ventricle and the
      third a medulloblastoma of the fourth ventricle. Three possible explanations of
      this phenomenon are briefly considered: 1. That the amount of contrast medium was
      sufficient to cause total body opacification and the visibility of the tumours
      was due to a combination of their vascularity and the iodine concentration in the
      circulation blood. 2. That the observed phenomenon is peculiar to these tumours.
      3. That the sustained opacity of these these tumours is due to the same cause or
      causes as the density enhancement of some intracranial tumours demonstrated by
      computerised tomography after intravenous injection of contrast medium.

PMID- 679624
TI  - Thermographic assessment of synovial haemangioma.
AB  - Three patients with synovial haemangioma of the knee were examined by
      thermography. This technique disclosed extensive subcutaneous distribution of
      haemangiomata which had been unsuspected clinically. Localised and diffuse
      lesions can be differentiated by this method. This information is important in
      planning surgery and in assessment of prognosis.

PMID- 679625
TI  - Biphasic changes in thymus structure during evolving renal hypertension.
AB  - 1. Structural changes in the thymus during the evolution experimental renal
      hypertension were investigated to determine their possible role in the genesis of
      hypertensive vascular disease. 2. The thymus, adrenal glands and the progression
      of hypertensive vascular lesions were investigated in rats during the first 30
      days after occlusion of the aorta between the two renal arteries. 3. Hypertension
      was initially accompanied by marked atrophy of the thymus, most pronounced 9 days
      after operation. During this time, the adrenal glands doubled in size and the
      heart became enlarged. 4. After 21 days the thymus regenerated and became
      hypertrophic. Histological features of hyperactivity accompanied by infiltration
      of plasma cells were evident, while the adrenal glands remained enlarged. 5. The
      observed structural changes of the regenerated thymus in the presence of
      sustained adrenal hypertrophy indicate that the thymus may contribute to the
      production of hypertensive vascular disease.

PMID- 679626
TI  - Lack of effect of isometric handgrip exercise on the responses of the carotid
      sinus baroreceptor reflex in man.
AB  - 1. The change in arterial pressure and heart rate resulting from alteration of
      carotid sinus transmural pressure by a median--34 mmHg and +33 mmHg by means of a
      variable-pressure neck chamber was tested in seven male volunteer subjects, at
      rest and during exertion of 35, 45 and 65% of maximum voluntary handgrip. 2.
      During 60 s of 35 and 45%, and during 30 s of 65%, of maximal voluntary handgrip
      there was virtually no alteration of the response of blood pressure to alteration
      carotid sinus transmural pressure. 3. The bradycardic response to increase in
      carotid sinus transmural pressure was reduced at various times after the
      commencement of handgrip at 45 and 65% of maximum voluntary contraction. 4. It is
      concluded that a reduction in arterial baroreceptor reflex sensitivy does not
      play an important role in the initiation of the increase in arterial blood
      pressure and heart rate caused by isometric exercise. 5. The hypothesis is
      advanced that some of the cardiovascular changes in exercise may result from
      elevation of the central 'set point' for blood pressure.

PMID- 679627
TI  - Intestinal absorption and tissue retention of cadmium and calcium in normal adult
      rats and rats given an active metabolite of vitamin D (1,25
      dihydroxycholecalciferol).
AB  - 1. Nine-months-old male rats were divided into a normal control group and one
      experimental group which received eight daily intraperitoneal injections 15 pmol
      of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol/100 g body weight. After 5 days, 20 muCi of
      109CdCl2 or 20muCi of 45CaCl2 was administered by stomach tube. The intestinal
      absorption and tissue retention of the radioisotopes were analysed during the
      next 3 days, the animals being kept in metabolic cages. 2. The administration of
      1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol caused significantly increased net absorption of
      intestinal calcium, hypercalcaemia and increased incorporation of calcium into
      bone. In comparison, there was no significant effect on the intestinal absorption
      of trace doses of cadmium or upon the accumulation of cadmium in the liver and
      kidneys.

PMID- 679628
TI  - Galactose and hepatic metabolism in malnutrition and sepsis in man.
AB  - 1. Hepatic carbohydrate metabolism was studied by an intravenous galactose test
      in control patients, malnourished non-septic patients, patients with prolonged
      severe sepsis and patients after recovery from sepsis. 2. Blood galactose half
      life was not significantly increased in the septic group despite abnormal liver
      function tests, whereas it was approximately doubled in the malnourished
      patients. 3. The rise in blood glucose after galactose injection was less in both
      the septic and malnourished groups, as compared with that in the control
      subjects. 4. Fasting blood glucose, lactate and pyruvate concentrations were
      similar in all groups, whereas blood ketone bodies were increased in the
      malnourished and septic groups, and blood alanine was decreased only in the
      septic group. 5. The changes in hepatic metabolism and function were reversible
      on recovery from sepsis. 6. It is suggested that alterations in hepatic blood
      flow and the metabolic fate of galactose within the liver may explain the changes
      in the metabolic response to galactose observed in malnourished or septic
      patients.

PMID- 679629
TI  - Peptide excretion in experimental Fanconi syndrome in the rat.
AB  - A study has been made of urinary peptide output in rats before and after
      production of a Fanconi syndrome induced by a single injection of sodium maleate.
      There was an unequivocal increase of urinary peptides on the first and second
      days after the injection, without any detectable change in the concentration of
      plasma peptides. 2. Similar results were obtained in osteolathyritic rats in
      which skeletal lesions had been produced by ingestion of beta-aminopropionitrile.
      3. The fractional amino acid content of urinary peptides after maleate and beta
      aminopropionitrile is shown to be significantly different from that in control
      animals. 4. Evidence is presented that the increased output of peptides is mainly
      due to increased renal clearance similar to that previously described for amino
      acids, glucose and several electrolytes in this type of experimental Fanconi
      syndrome.

PMID- 679630
TI  - Post-mortem migration of bone-seeking radionuclides in the rat and rabbit and its
      effect on estimates of bone uptake.
AB  - 1. The continued uptake of 18F, 85Sr and 47Ca by bone after death has been
      studied in rats and rabbits after aortic injection followed by quick killing, a
      period of recirculation of tracer before death, and perfusion of the carcase. In
      each case an approximately linear increase of bone radioactivity was observed
      during a period of 1 h at about the same rate. The proportionate increase
      depended on the initial concentration of bone-seeking nuclide, ranging from a
      factor of 1.5 to 4.5. Boiling the carcase did not increase the migration rate. 2.
      Delay between death and dissection may therefore lead to spuriously high bone
      concentrations of these radionuclides, leading to over-estimates of bone uptake,
      extraction ratio or bone blood flow.

PMID- 679631
TI  - [Studies of the consumption of khat in the city of Mogadiscio].

PMID- 679633
TI  - [List of prescriptions for therapy of pulmonary emphysema].

PMID- 679632
TI  - [The gefarnate-diazepam combination in the treatment of various gastrointestinal
      diseases].

PMID- 679634
TI  - [The active principles of "H2 receptors"].

PMID- 679635
TI  - [High doses of anabolic steroids in collateral therapy of malignant neoplasms.
      Results with 19-norandrostenolone undecylate].

PMID- 679636
TI  - Interference by tannic acid with the effectiveness of activated charcoal in
      "universal antidote".
AB  - Evidence is presented to show that tannic acid is responsible for the reduced
      effectiveness of "universal antidote" as compared with activated charcoal alone.
      Adsorption isotherm data indicate that tannic acid binds strongly to charcoal and
      hence uses up part of the adsorption capacity that would otherwise be available
      for binding of a drug or poison. Data on sodium salicylate adsorption from
      simulated gastric fluid, both with and without the presence of tannic acid, are
      presented that illustrate clearly that tannic acid interferes significantly with
      the adsorption of salicylate. Magnesium oxide, another component of "universal
      antidote," was found to offer no interference to salicylate adsorption,
      presumably because it does not adsorb to charcoal to any significant extent.

PMID- 679637
TI  - Reduction of pheniramine toxicity using activated charcoal.
AB  - Pheniramine is efficiently adsorbed by Norit Medicinal Activated Charcoal in
      vitro. Administration of activated charcoal after pheniramine ingestion in dogs
      resulted in significantly lower blood levels. Norit or another proven effective
      activated charcoal would be of value in first-aid treatment of pheniramine
      poisoning.

PMID- 679638
TI  - Hemolytic anemia following brown spider (Loxosceles reclusa) bite.

PMID- 679639
TI  - Coffee as an interference in the Duquenois test: a differential test.

PMID- 679640
TI  - Evaluation of sodium hypochlorite as a screening reagent for the identification
      of cocaine.
AB  - The effectiveness of sodium hypochlorite, or commercial household bleach, as a
      screening test for the presence of cocaine in illicit drug specimens was
      evaluated. The advantages of using this reagent in an undercover situation are
      described, and the experience of undercover agents and law enforcement officers
      indicate that the test is simply and reliably interpreted. Chemical analyses of
      the sodium hypochlorite reaction product demonstrated the utility of this test as
      an adjunct in the identification of cocaine for forensic purposes.

PMID- 679641
TI  - Effect on carboxyhemoglobin of exposure to aerosol spray paints with methylene
      chloride.

PMID- 679642
TI  - Hematologic abnormalities and pain during acute opiate abstinence syndrome.
AB  - Opiate addicts receiving nonmethadone, symptomatic, chemotherapeutic treatment
      for the abstinence syndrome (at Terros' Opiate Detoxification Program),
      complained of pains that appeared unrelated to abstinence. The pains reported
      were primarily lumbosacral pains, joint pains, abdominal cramps, and muscle
      cramps in the lower extremities. Admission laboratory tests on 150 addicts were
      used in an attempt to correlate the blood chemistry with the type of pains
      described. Results of this preliminary screening indicate that a high uric acid
      level and a low blood urea nitrogen (BUN) may be related in females with joint
      pains and males with lumbrosacral pains. Values obtained from the nomogram
      indicate that all addicts have less than 50% of the total serum calcium in
      ionized form, and the low serum ionized calcium content is associated with
      abdominal and muscle pains, although 72% of all the addicts studied were within
      the 3.5 to 4.0 mg range. Hyperproteinemia, low BUN, high uric acid, and low serum
      ionized calcium were the most significant of the blood chemistry values. Blood
      glucose levels were not included due to the fact that test were not necessarily
      fasting results.

PMID- 679643
TI  - Mercury and selenium in cod-liver oil.
AB  - Cod-liver oil preparations were analyzed for mercury and selenium. The conclusion
      can be drawn that the intake of mercury and selenium in the normal use of these
      preparations will be very low.

PMID- 679644
TI  - Fixatives and methods of fixation in selected tissues of the laboratory rat.
AB  - The histologic appearances of tissues fixed by immersion and perfusion were
      compared, as well as the effects of these different fixatives: 10% neutral
      buffered formalin, Carnoy's fluid, and Bouin's fluid. Intravascular perfusion
      provided better tissue preservation than fixation by immersion. The quality of
      preservation by neutral buffered formalin was equal to that of Carnoy's fluid and
      Bouin's fluid, but the overall staining quality of the latter two was judged to
      be superior.

PMID- 679645
TI  - Parallel function strategy in pronoun assignment.

PMID- 679646
TI  - Speech timing of grammatical categories.

PMID- 679648
TI  - Anticipations, images, and introspection.

PMID- 679647
TI  - Ihr, dir, or mir? On the acquisition of pronouns in German children.

PMID- 679649
TI  - Perceptual similarity of mirror images in infancy.

PMID- 679650
TI  - A new computer program for comparative analysis of serial scalar
      electrocardiograms: description and performance of the 1976 IBM program.

PMID- 679651
TI  - Simulation of coupled enzyme assays for clotting factors and its application to a
      new method for the determination of human plasminogen.

PMID- 679652
TI  - A program for generating on-line raster dot displays of single unit activity.

PMID- 679653
TI  - A mathematical approach to quantitative analysis of somatosympathetic reflexes.

PMID- 679654
TI  - Iron kinetics: modelling and parameter estimation in normal and anemic states.

PMID- 679655
TI  - Mathematical typology: a grade of membership technique for obtaining disease
      definition.

PMID- 679656
TI  - The compression of medical ultrasonic data.

PMID- 679657
TI  - Anatomical and pathological study of the brain by CT scanner--II. Anatomical
      study of normal brain at various angles. Multiple angle examination.
AB  - Having previously described the brain anatomy using traditional CT scanning
      methods, we will now present the advantages of examining the brain at various
      angles with representative cuts and descriptions. We propose the use of the
      multiple angle examination for a complete CT picture.

PMID- 679658
TI  - Improved visualization of subdural hematoma by use of coronal view in
      computerized tomography.
AB  - Subdural hematoma may be difficult to visualize on standard axial views in
      computerized tomography (CT). There are a number of reasons for this. The
      hematoma may be too small to cause a significant shift of the midline. The
      content of hemoglobin in the clot may vary from case to case. The clot may appear
      isodense to the surrounding brain tissue in one patient, and in another patient
      it may be of increased density. We have noted that the use of the coronal view
      significantly improves the visualization of a subdural hematoma. Not only is the
      hematoma better visualized, but ventricular displacement in both lateral and
      downward direction is better appreciated. We are presenting five such consecutive
      cases studied by us.

PMID- 679659
TI  - Efficacy of computed tomography of the abdomen--early results.
AB  - Our experience with 153 CT scans of the abdomen and pelvis over the first eight
      months of availability at our institution has been analyzed. The efficacy in
      terms of contribution to the diagnosis in each patient was assessed and accuracy
      determined. CT was found to have made a significant contribution to the diagnosis
      in patients with diseases of the pancreas, aorta, retroperitoneal structures, and
      in cases of abdominal and pelvic masses and abcesses. It has been somewhat less
      helpful in evaluation of liver and renal diseases. Overall, CT scanning appears
      to be a significant new diagnostic modality in the evaluation of patients with
      abdominal and pelvic diseases.

PMID- 679660
TI  - Computed tomography of the skeletal system.
AB  - Because of its sensitivity to minor variations in radiographic density and its
      ability to eliminate overlapping because of the cross-sectional display, computed
      tomography (CT) of the skeletal system may yield valuable information that may
      not be apparent on plain film or radionclide examination of bone lesions. The
      authors present five case illustrations in which CT examination of bone was
      particularly helpful in the evaluation of the patient.

PMID- 679661
TI  - Heart imaging from computerized tomography.
AB  - In vitro and in vivo animal experiments have demonstrated the potential for using
      computerized tomography in heart imaging. This paper summarizes some of the work
      done in our laboratory related to heart imaging of dogs, of cadavers, and of live
      subjects using the CT approach. We have also provided examples demonstrating a
      method for computing the heart volume from serial CT images.

PMID- 679662
TI  - [The IUD and ectopic pregnancy].

PMID- 679663
TI  - [Irregular menstruation].

PMID- 679664
TI  - Nature of psychiatric illness: why psychiatry is a branch of medicine.

PMID- 679665
TI  - Organic brain syndromes: a reformulation.

PMID- 679666
TI  - A model for individual supervision in a general hospital.

PMID- 679667
TI  - Social stress and functioning Inventory for Psychotic Disorders (SSFIPD):
      measurement and prediction of schizophrenics' community adjustment.

PMID- 679668
TI  - Effeminate behavior present in boys from childhood: ten additional years of
      follow-up.

PMID- 679669
TI  - Ganser's syndrome associated with litigation.

PMID- 679670
TI  - Caffeinism complicating hypersomnic depressive episodes.

PMID- 679671
TI  - Content analysis of speech in psychiatric research.

PMID- 679672
TI  - Lateralization of conversion symptoms.

PMID- 679673
TI  - "First rank" schizophrenia and research diagnosable schizophrenic and affective
      illness.

PMID- 679674
TI  - Anxiety neurosis and physical illness.

PMID- 679675
TI  - Unipolar depression: a family study of a large kindred.

PMID- 679676
TI  - Time-limited treatment of hospitalized borderline patients: considerations.

PMID- 679677
TI  - Hyperactivity in anorexia nervosa: a fundamental clinical feature.

PMID- 679678
TI  - Emotional disturbance and temporal lobe injury.

PMID- 679679
TI  - Psychiatric disability assessment: clarification of problems.

PMID- 679680
TI  - On the vicissitudes of the need for control in patients confronted with
      hemodialysis.

PMID- 679681
TI  - Role definitions among mental health professionals.

PMID- 679682
TI  - Plasma levels of norethisterone after single and multiple injections of
      norethisterone oenanthate.

PMID- 679683
TI  - Anti-hCG immunization: introduction.

PMID- 679684
TI  - Differential affinity of anti-Pr-beta-hCG-TT antibodies for hCG and hLH.

PMID- 679685
TI  - Examination of contraceptive perceptions and usage among Los Angeles County
      women.

PMID- 679686
TI  - Tubal occlusion.

PMID- 679687
TI  - Cervical factors.

PMID- 679688
TI  - Luteal phase insufficiency.

PMID- 679689
TI  - Application of the apexcarotis diagram in ischaemic heart disease with angina
      pectoris and myocardial infarction.
AB  - The apexcarotis diagram is a new mechanocardiographic method, uniting into a
      single diagram synchronous recordings of the carotidogram and apexcardiogram.
      Characteristic features of the apexcarotis diagram (ACD) in ischaemic heart
      disease with angina pectoris are the reduction of the area of ventricular
      ejection with a turn to the right toward the point S (p less than 0.001) and an
      extension of the diastolic subsegment A by more than 10% (p less than 0.001). In
      patients with myocardial infarction, in addition to the above changes, there
      occur a reduction of the area of ventricular filling (p less than 0.01) and an
      enlargement of the angle alpha (p less than 0.02). In 8 patients with angina
      pectoris and 7 patients with myocardial infarction, the coronary disease was
      established by coronary angiography as well as by catheterization of the right
      and left heart. In these patients, a reduction of the area of ventricular
      ejection was found, which was closely correlated with the elevation of left
      ventricular enddiastolic pressure (r = -0.72, p less than 0.001).

PMID- 679690
TI  - The sick sinus syndrome. Clinical and electrocardiographic spectrum of nine
      patients.
AB  - The paper presents a report on the clinical and electrographic spectrum of nine
      patients with the sick sinus syndrome with severe symptoms of clinical
      disturbances and serious disorders of impulse formation and conduction. Seven
      patients had syncope associated with sinus bradycardia, sinoatrial block or
      atrial fibrillation with slow ventricular rate. Prolonged episodes of atrial and
      ventricular asystole occurred and were interrupted by junctional escape beats.
      Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and flutter were foun in three patients and
      infrahisian block in four. Atropine induced a slight acceleration of the heart
      rate in all the patients studied while the post-suppression S-A node recovery
      time was prolonged in four.

PMID- 679691
TI  - Plasma renin activity in patients with renovascular hypertension.
AB  - Changes of plasma renin activity (PRA) were studied in 45 patients with
      renovascular hypertension. Peripheral PRA was assayed by Serebovskaya's
      modification of Pickens' biological method; in 13 patients it was additionally
      assayed in blood samples taken from both renal veins. In some of the patients who
      were not surgically treated PRA was followed up over a period of 1 to 5 years.
      The interrelation between PRA and the sex and age of the patients, the duration
      and the severity of the disease, the clinical and the morphological type of
      renovascular hypertension, as well as uni- or bilateral involvement of the renal
      artery is discussed. PRA was increased during the early stage of renovascular
      hypertension, while later it became normal. PRA of renal vein blood samples, from
      the kidney with a constricted renal artery, reflects more exactly the dynamics of
      the changes in the pressor system of the kidney. The assay of PRA is of special
      importance in the evaluation of the indications for surgical treatment and of the
      effect of reconstructive surgery.

PMID- 679692
TI  - Post-exertion restitution of left ventricular systolic time intervals in healthy
      subjects.
AB  - The left ventricular systolic function was studied in 123 healthy men aged 23-24
      years under the influence of exercise and during a two-hour restitution period.
      Left ventricular systolic time intervals (LVSTI) were evaluated by means of the
      Blumberger method with Holldack's modification before the exercise, immediately
      after its termination and after 30, 60 and 120 minutes. After exercise, a
      decrease was found in the absolute values of LVSTI and of the diastolic stage.
      During two-hour restitution, the authors found a decrease of left ventricular
      ejection time, total mechanical systolic time, total electromechanical systolic
      time, total ventricular electrical stimulation time and of the diastolic stage. A
      statistically highly significant decrease of all mentioned intervals was related
      to persisting, still after 2 hours, increased heart rate with which these
      intervals significantly correlated. The share (in percent) of LVSTI in the total
      cardiac cycle increased after exercise and was still increased after 2 hours
      following its termination. The relative increase of systolic time intervals was
      accompanied by a decrease in the duration of the diastolic stage.

PMID- 679693
TI  - Contraction activity of right heart ventricle and pulmonary haemodynamics in
      cytotoxic cardiogenic shock.
AB  - In the course of experimental cardiogenic shock in dogs it was found that in
      comparison with marked disturbances of heart function and haemodynamics in the
      systemic circulation, the changes in the right ventricular contractility were
      less conspicuous. The pulmonary arterial pressure kept at a level approaching the
      initial one. The pulmonary vascular resistance substantially rose at the same
      time, especially so in the arterioles. The left heart filling pressure did not
      increase. The authors assume that the changes in the pulmonary vascular
      resistance result from direct neurohumoral control of vascular resistance, and
      discuss possible mechanism of this control.

PMID- 679694
TI  - Angiometric assessment of coronary atherosclerosis in ischaemic heart disease in
      elderly and old patients.
AB  - In 30 patients deceased because of various forms of ischaemic heart disease and
      in 10 control subjects who had died of other causes (age range in both groups, 60
      89 years), the first proximal segments of the main coronary arteries were
      examined angiometrically. There were determined the circumference of the arterial
      lumen and the IM index, expressing the quotient intimal area/medial area. It was
      found that the magnitude of the IM index characterized, to a certain extent, the
      degree of severity of atherosclerosis: at IM values higher than the standard
      means there occurred complicated atherosclerotic lesions, and at lower IM values,
      only diffuse thickening of coronary arteries. The length of the circumference of
      the arterial lumen exhibited a positive correlation with the patients' age.

PMID- 679695
TI  - Incidence of circulatory arrest in patients with acute myocardial infarction in
      coronary unit. Mechanism of their genesis and factors conditioning successful
      resuscitation.
AB  - The incidence, circumstances, and mechanism of development of cardiac arrest in
      786 patients with myocardial infarction treated at a coronary care unit within a
      five-year period were studied and clinical factors are analysed with respect to
      success of resuscitation. One or more episodes of cardiac arrest occurred in a
      total of 156 patients (19.8%). Of these, 25 (16.0%) were successfully
      resuscitated and 131 (84.0%) died. At the clinical ward where the patients had
      been transferred after the acute stage, cardiac arrest occurred in additional 22
      patients, of whom two were successfully resuscitated. Thus, the total number of
      successfully resuscitated patients throughout the five-year period was twenty
      seven. The results of resuscitation were poorer in elderly patients, in those
      with anterior infarction, and above all in patients with severe symptoms of
      mechanical heart failure. Anamnestic factors (chronic angina pectoris, previous
      myocardial infarction, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, ischaemic disease of the
      lower limbs) were not significantly associated with the results of resuscitation.
      Primary ventricular fibrillation was the principal mechanism of cardiac arrest in
      24 of the 27 patients successfully resuscitated, and its total incidence in the
      investigated group was 3%. The prognosis of resuscitation in patients with
      primary ventricular fibrillation was very good, and in all of them the
      resuscitation was successful and permanent.

PMID- 679696
TI  - Field dependence and lateralization of verbal and configurational processing.
AB  - With tachistoscopic presentation, relatively field-dependent 18- to 30-year-old
      males were found to show a significant right-visual-field advantage in reaction
      time in a letter discrimination task, while relatively field-dependent subjects
      did not show a significant hemifield difference. In a second study, relatively
      field-independent 18- to 30-year-old males again showed a significant right
      visual-field superiority in reaction time to letter discrimination, and in
      addition showed a significant left-visual-field superiority in tachistoscopic
      face discrimination, while relatively field-dependent subjects showed no
      significant hemifield difference on either task. The results are interpreted as
      indicating a link between Witkin's concept of psychological differentiation and
      differentiation at the neural level, as manifested by specialization of function
      of the cerebral hemispheres.

PMID- 679697
TI  - Lateral asymmetries in visual perception with and without eye movements.
AB  - A signal detection analysis was made of single letter recognition in the right
      and left visual fields. When letters were presented 2 degrees 3' to the right or
      left of a central fixation there were no significant differences between the
      fields in perceptual accuracy independent of bias when the subject maintained a
      central fixation point. However, when subjects were free to move their eyes a
      right field advantage was found. The results were discussed in terms of
      attentional bias theories and hemispheric specialization theories.

PMID- 679698
TI  - The development of the right ear advantage in dichotic listening with focused
      attention.
AB  - The influence of selective attention on cerebral asymmetry in 6, 8 and 10 year
      old children was studied using pre-cued dichotic recall of 1 to 4 pairs of
      digits. A constant right ear advantage for correct recall from the attended ear
      and intrusions from the unattended ear was found in all three age groups. The ear
      difference increased with set size and across serial position with a set size of
      4 digit pairs. Thus the number of items in acoustic memory determined the degree
      of lateral asymmetry. The ability to focus attention on the left ear improved
      between 6 and 8 years. It was concluded that control of directed attention, which
      improves with development, and left hemisphere specialization for speech
      processing, which remains constant, both determine performance in dichotic verbal
      listening.

PMID- 679699
TI  - The effects of cuing on picture naming in aphasia.
AB  - This study compared the facilitative values of six types of cue for eliciting
      picture naming responses from Brocas, Wernickes, and anomic aphasics. Degree of
      responsivity to cues was inversely related to severity of naming disorder. Type
      of cue, severity of naming disorder, and diagnostic category contributed
      significantly to the results obtained, though the diagnostic groups did not show
      differential patterns of response to the cues. First Sounds and Completion
      sentences were the most effective cues. The finding of diagnostic group
      differences in degree of responsivity to cues, without differential sensitivity
      to type of cue, was interpreted as indicating that a single factor might account
      for group differences in ability to benefit from cuing.

PMID- 679700
TI  - Dyscalculia and elements of the developmental Gerstmann syndrome in school
      children.
AB  - Fourteen (14) dyscalculic school children were drawn from a larger population of
      learning-disabled children. The subjects were divided into two groups, those with
      normal-or-better reading ability and those with dyslexia equal in degree to their
      dyscalculia. Both groups showed a variety of behavioral deficits in addition to
      those comprising Gerstmann's syndrome and were notably poor in auditory and
      visual discrimination and motor coordination. Good readers showed severely
      impaired ability to make right-left discriminations, while the poor readers were
      average in this ability. Poor readers showed marked impairment of word fluency
      and hand writing, while good readers were average in this regard. The dyscalculia
      and reading deficits reported here appear unrelated to central-language
      impairment. Subjects with all four elements of the developmental Gerstmann's
      syndrome did not constitute an homogeneous behavioral group and were found among
      samples of both good and poor readers. The pattern of behavioral deficits shown
      by these subjects suggests cerebral impairment rather than slow maturation as a
      probable etiology. While the DGS is not useful as a behavioral description, its
      value as a possible localizing neurological sign cannot yet be ruled out.

PMID- 679701
TI  - Inverted writing in right- and left-handers in relation to lateralization of face
      recognition.
AB  - In a study with 157 right-handed and 69 left-handed college students, Gilbert's
      two-face choice task, which was used as an indicator of cerebral lateralization
      for face recognition, distinguished left-handers from right-handers. Right
      handers primarily attended to the right side of the face (left visual field),
      while the group of left-handers had no visual field preference. Levy's hypothesis
      that inverted-writing left-handers are cortically lateralized like right-handers,
      and that inverted-writing right-handers are lateralized like left-handers found
      some support among the males. However, the females in both handedness groups
      performed in an opposite manner to that predicted by Levy's hypothesis.

PMID- 679702
TI  - Delayed auditory feedback and aphasia.
AB  - The effect of Delayed Auditory Feedback (DAF) was evaluated in three groups of
      subjects: 10 normal controls, 10 non-fluent aphasics, and 10 fluent aphasics.
      Speec production tasks consisted of (1) repeating sound and words; (2) naming
      objects; (3) producing sentences from given stimulus words; (4) answering
      questions; (5) reciting nursery rhymes; and (6) reading. Two delays were used,
      180 and 360 msec. Two independent judges rated patients' responses for changes in
      intensity, duration, and quality of speech. Inter-judge reliability was
      considered satisfactory. Contrary to some previous reports, all subjects,
      including all the fluent aphasics, showed some DAF effect. Fluent aphasics,
      however, showed a significantly smaller DAF effect than non-fluent aphasics.
      Patient with conduction aphasia appeared to be the least impaired. Overall DAF
      effect was greater with 180 msec. than with 360 msec. The largest DAF effect
      occurred during answering question, followed by repeating, reading, nursery
      rhymes, sentence production, and naming, in that order. Repetition of a complex
      word produced a greater DAF effect than repetition of a simple sound. Finally, we
      found a differential effect of DAF on the three measures used in the study. We
      hypothesize that DAF effects result from changes in two separate monitoring
      systems. One systems is related to changes in the intensity of speech and does
      not appear to be affected by aphasia. The other is responsible for duration and
      qualitative changes in speech and is differentially affected in relation to
      pathology producing  aphasia.

PMID- 679703
TI  - Verbal and spatial encoding of visual stimuli: the effects of sex, hemisphere and
      yes-no judgements.
AB  - Six male and six female subjects were given 112 trials on each of two tasks
      requiring a yes-no comparison of pairs of letters presented to the right and left
      hemispheres. One task was predominantly visual (detection of curved letter
      segments) and the other was predominantly verbal (detection of rhyming "ee"
      sounds). It was found that for "yes" decisions, females were faster in the right
      hemisphere than in the left, while the reverse was the case for males. Also for
      females "no" decisions were faster than "yes" decisions in the left hemisphere
      but "yes" decisions were faster than "no" decisions in the right hemiphere.

PMID- 679704
TI  - Dementia: the estimation of premorbid intelligence levels using the New Adult
      Reading Test.
AB  - The NART is a new word-reading test which was specifically designed for use with
      adults: the 50 words were selected in order to assess familiarity with words
      rather than the ability to phonetically decode unfamilar words, i.e. for each
      word intelligent guesswork alone would not result in a correct response. The
      results from a group of patients with cortical atrophy and a control group
      demonstrated the superiority of the NART over the best previously available word
      list (the Schonell GWRT) in enabling higher and more accurate levels of
      intelligence to be predicted. The evidence implied that the reading of the NART
      words was not significantly affected by the dementing processes in the patients
      with cortical atrophy, and therefore that the NART reading score can provide an
      accurate estimate of premorbid intelligence levels in these patients.

PMID- 679705
TI  - Hemisphere differences in the recognition of nonsense shapes: cerebral dominance
      or strategy effects?
AB  - A tachistoscopic visual half-field task involving delayed recognition of nonsense
      shapes did not prove to rely disproportionately on either cerebral hemisphere.
      However, subjects at either extreme of the laterality distribution were more
      accurate at recognition overall, relative to subjects displaying indeterminate
      laterality. These results are discussed in terms of subjects' preferred
      processing strategies and it is concluded that until we possess a detailed
      knowledge of task requirements and of subjects' strategies, the results of
      laterality studies will remain ambiguous.

PMID- 679706
TI  - Handedness effects in kinesthetic spatial location judgements.
AB  - This experiment examines hemispheric assymetry in reproduction of spatial
      location in the kinesthetic modality. Using a dichotomous presentation technique,
      blindfolded, right-handed subjects moved both arms (arm positioning task) or the
      thumb (thumb positioning task) of each hand simultaneously to predetermined
      spatial locations and were subsequently asked to reproduce these locations. The
      results showed a marked left hand advantage only in the thumb positioning task
      suggesting that the right hemisphere was superior in performing this task. These
      data were discussed as they relate to other evidence pertaining to cerebral
      hemispheric specialization in motor activities.

PMID- 679707
TI  - A developmental study of hemisphere specialization for alphabetical stimuli.
AB  - Three groups of normal female subjects (7 and 8 years of age, 13 and 14 years of
      age, and young adults) were tested on a choice reaction time task using a
      tachistoscopic presentation of single letters to either hemisphere. The two older
      groups of subjects were found to exhibit a significant right visual field (left
      hemisphere) superiority in reaction time to letters, but the 7 and 8 year old
      children did not show a hemisphere asymmetry. These reaction time results for the
      two older groups are consistent with Rizzolatti et al.'s (1971) finding of a
      right visual field superiority in reaction time to letters in male adults. The
      analyses of error rates for visual field differences were not significant for the
      children or the adolescents. In this study, in contrast to Rizzolatti et al.'s
      result with male adults, the female adults produced a significant visual field
      difference in error rate.

PMID- 679708
TI  - Processing of visual contour orientation information in normal and disabled
      reading children.
AB  - Four experiments comparing the processing of contour orientation information in
      normal and specific reading disabled children were conducted. The first two
      experiments demonstrated that the reading disabled subjects had significantly
      longer visual information store durations than did the control subjects. In
      addition differences in visual information store durations for different
      orientations were found between the two groups. The final two experiments
      investigated processing of contour orientation information in the visual cortex.
      Results of Experiment IV suggested that the two groups differ in their processing
      of information in the visual cortex as well as in VIS. Because of the importance
      of feature detection in letter recognition, it is suggested that the present
      results may be important in understanding letter recognition is disabled readers.

PMID- 679709
TI  - The Reporter's Test: a sensitive test to detect expressive disturbances in
      aphasics.
AB  - The Reporter's Test requires the patient to verbally report to a hypothetical
      third person the actions the examiner is performing on an array of tokens, so as
      to enable him to replicate them. These performances correspond for the most part
      to the commands of the Token Test. The aim is to have the patient produce
      connected sequences of words, the choice and order of which is determined in
      advance and can be easily scored. The test was given to 70 normal controls, 60
      aphasics (selected for absence of severe expressive impairment), 20 non-aphasic
      left brain-damaged patients and 20 right brain-damaged patients. Years of
      schooling, but not age, were found to significantly influence and the scores were
      consequently corrected. The inferior 5% limit of the 90% tolerance interval
      around the controls' mean was choosen as the cutting score discriminating a
      normal from a pathological performance. The hit rate of the Reporter's Test was
      92% in the aphasic group. The percentage of non-aphasic left brain-damaged
      patients and right brain-damaged patients who scored below the cutting point and
      would, therefore, be erroneously classified as aphasic, was 10% and 15%,
      respectively. The screening power of the Reporter's Test was clearly superior to
      that of other expressive tests that were given to aphasic and non-aphasic brain
      damaged patients. Besides the pass or fail score, a wheighted score, which takes
      into account the number of correct words chosen in the first four parts of the
      test, was used. Although somewhat inferior as a screening device, it presents the
      advantage of allowing a more graded evaluation of aphasics' performance.

PMID- 679710
TI  - The involvement of the frontal lobes in cognitive estimation.
AB  - Ninety-six patients with localised cerebral lesions were tested on a task of
      providing reasonable answers to Cognitive Estimate questions. These questions are
      ones that can be answered using general knowledge available to almost all
      subjects, but for which no immediately obvious strategy is available. It was
      found that patients with frontal lesions gave significantly more bizarre answers
      than patients with more posterior lesions. This effect is interpreted in terms of
      Luria's (1966) theory of the planning functions of the frontal lobes.

PMID- 679711
TI  - Handedness and intelligence.
AB  - The scores of 37 right and 30 left-handed subjects on tests of fluid and
      crystallized intelligence were compared. Consistent with the hypothesis, it was
      found that the left-handers were inferior to the right-handers on the Gf task.
      These data are consistent with those from three earlier studies and serve to
      question the assertion that there are no handedness related differences in
      ability.

PMID- 679712
TI  - Introduction: on the evolution of brain resuscitation.

PMID- 679713
TI  - Clinical feasibility trials of barbiturate therapy after cardiac arrest.

PMID- 679714
TI  - Resuscitation in focal brain ischemia.

PMID- 679715
TI  - Resuscitation from coma due to head injury.

PMID- 679716
TI  - Resuscitation of the spinal cord.

PMID- 679717
TI  - Cessation of therapy in terminal illness and brain death.

PMID- 679718
TI  - The winds of change blow again.

PMID- 679719
TI  - Renal autoregulation: effect of chemical denervation in normovolemic and
      hypovolemic dogs.

PMID- 679720
TI  - Surgical importance of revascularization of deep femoral artery (analysis of 43
      selected cases).

PMID- 679721
TI  - The surgeon-endoscopist.

PMID- 679722
TI  - Ageing of the female gamete. 2 Lactate dehydrogenase activity in fragmented
      oocytes and ova of the rat.
AB  - LDH enzyme activities were determined in atretic and fragmented oocytes. The
      enzymatic activities in fragmented oocytes and ova were compared to those already
      known in early rat cleavage stages. Atretic oocytes are totally devoid of LDH
      activity. However, fragmented oocytes and ova exhibit nearly identical LDH
      activities to early cleavage stages. This result supports our earlier assumption
      that fragmentation and cleavage are homologus processes, induced by the same
      maternally transmitted factors in the oocyte cytoplasm.

PMID- 679723
TI  - Chromosome studies in Edentata.
AB  - The karyotypes of three additional species of Edentata are described. The
      differences in karyotype between Tolypeutes matacus (2n = 38), and other species
      of armadillo is remarkable. Three species of Euphractini were compared through G-
      and C-banding patterns. Chaetophractus villosus appears to be much closer to
      Zaedyus pichiy than suggested by taxonomy. On the other hand, Tamandua
      tetradactyla and Tamandua longicaudata, two different species of anteater,
      possess the same karyotypes. The presence of an unusual Y-chromosome in Choloepus
      hoffmanni may be responsible for the peculiar sex-ratio reported in this species.

PMID- 679724
TI  - Interaction of microtubules and the mechanism of chromosome movement (zipper
      hypothesis). 3 Theoretical analysis of energy requirements and computer
      simulation of chromosome movement.
AB  - A theoretical analysis of the energy requirements and a computer analysis of a
      special case (symmetrical pull in one plane during anaphase), of the zipper model
      for chromosome movement (Bajer, 1973a,b) is presented. The conclusions are
      general, however, and can be applied to any stage of mitosis. It is assumed that
      the movement is due to a series of short lateral interactions (called 'zips')
      between microtubules, and it is shown that a particular zip could begin if the
      bending energy requirement for two microtubules is met, and could terminate when
      a strain restriction is exceeded. The series of zips ends when the energy
      requirements for initiation of a particular zip are not met. In such conditions,
      certain predictions concerning the behaviour of microtubules in the spindle can
      be made (see Conclusions). It is shown that hydrolysis of ATP or GTP can yield
      sufficient energy to bend microtubules as specified by the model, that
      insignificant quantities of the triphosphate would be utilized, and that the
      linearity of chromosome movement predicted by the model is consistent with the
      linearity observed in vitro.

PMID- 679725
TI  - [Cultured cell isolates of the smooth muscle layer from the rat duodenum].
AB  - A culture obtained from rat duodenal smooth muscle layer is described. The cells
      were isolated by trypsinization (0.2%), and the medium used for culture was
      either MEM with glutamine and non-essential AA or RPMI, both containing 10%
      foetal calf serum. The cell culture contained both smooth muscle cells and
      fibroplasts in proportions varying with the age of the culture. At day 6, cell
      differentiation is important. At day 12, when the cells are confluent, the
      majority of the cells are fibroblasts. Although it is difficult, the transfer of
      cells is possible at least twice.

PMID- 679726
TI  - Variation in lateral asymmetry of human chromosome 1.
AB  - Variations in lateral asymmetry of human chromosome 1 were studied in 17 amniotic
      cell samples and eight blood samples by the 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) quenching
      of 4'-6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) fluorescence. The size and the relative
      proportion of the bright fluorescent spots on each chromatid in the
      heterochromatic region of chromosome 1 (1qh) are variable from different amniotic
      (or blood) samples after one cycle of BrdU incorporation. However, the particular
      pattern for a given chromosome 1 is consistent within the individual sample. Size
      variations were classified into three groups, and variations in the pattern
      (proportion) of bright fluorescence on each chromatid in the 1qh region were
      classified into four groups. A preliminary estimate of the type and frequency of
      lateral asymmetry variations was obtained. These results suggest a high frequency
      of variability of heterochromatin in the population. The BrdU-DAPI fluorescence
      technique was found to be very useful for characterizing variations in the 1qh
      region; variations in organization of heterochromatin DNA with the 1qh region can
      be detected, and a simple system of nomenclature is proposed for naming the
      variations in this region.

PMID- 679727
TI  - The chromosomes of cockerels (Gallus domesticus) during meiosis.
AB  - The chromosomes in spermatogenic cells of 10 cockerels were examined. Prior to
      removing the testes, the birds had been injected with either 2.5 mg vinblastine
      sulfate or 5 mg colchicine, or were untreated. A cell suspension was made from
      small pieces of testis and slides were prepared using an air-drying technique.
      Pretreatments of the birds increased the numbers of spermatogonial and secondary
      spermatocyte cells at metaphase and rendered them more amenable to analysis. The
      modal number of macrochromosomes or bivalents was observed in 90.2% of
      spermatogonia, 98% of primary spermatocytes at diakinesis, and 94.2% of secondary
      spermatocytes. Polyploid cells at all stages were thought to be largely artifacts
      of the procedure. Aneuploidy was rare, being found in only 1% of secondary
      spermatocytes. It is estimated that between 56 and 66 chiasmata occur in the 39
      bivalents; of these, an average of 28 are seen in the six macrobivalents. Average
      numbers were 8.1, 5.9, 4.6, 3.6, 2.4, and 3.5 for macrobivalents 1 through 5 and
      the Z respectively. The numbers of chiasmata differed significantly among birds
      but were not differentially affected by pretreatment of the birds.

PMID- 679728
TI  - The replicative life spans of euploid hybrids derived from short-lived and long
      lived human skin fibroblast cultures.
AB  - Two recent technical advances facilitate the derivation of proliferating hybrids
      from human diploid fibroblast strains without recourse to biochemical selection:
      (1) a new chemically-mediated method of somatic cell fusion (PEG-DMSO) yields
      hybrids at rates as high as 1 in 160 colonies after dilute plating of treated
      cell mixtures, and (2) a simple technology for assessment of DNA content (flow
      microfluorometry) permits rapid and highly sensitive monitoring of ploidy.
      Employing these techniques, we isolated 43 chromosomally stable hybrid clones
      from 12 crosses between seven different strains representing a wide range of
      longevities. Crosses between short-lived strains resulted in short-lived hybrid
      offspring, whereas hybrids derived from long-lived parents tended to be long
      lived. Crosses between strains of contrasting longevities gave clones with
      intermediate growth potentials relative to the other types of hybrids. The
      failure to observe complementation (enhanced longevity) of hybrids argues against
      random recessive single-copy gene mutations as important determinants of clonal
      senescence.

PMID- 679729
TI  - Chromosomal variants and nondisjunction.

PMID- 679730
TI  - Deposition and fate of aerosolized drugs.

PMID- 679731
TI  - Bronchodilator therapy and arterial blood gases.

PMID- 679732
TI  - Which test best measures a bronchodilator response?

PMID- 679733
TI  - Evaluation of clinical tests used to measure drug response in obstructive airway
      disease.

PMID- 679735
TI  - Fiberoptic bronchoscopy revisited.

PMID- 679734
TI  - Some problems encountered in the evaluation of bronchodilator therapy.

PMID- 679736
TI  - Lung biopsy in sarcoidosis.

PMID- 679737
TI  - Nongranulomatous interstitial pneumonitis in sarcoidosis. Relationship to
      development of epithelioid granulomas.
AB  - Nongranulomatous, nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis was a predominating or
      prominent histopathologic finding in 62 percent of 128 granuloma-containing
      specimens from open lung biopsies obtained from patients with sarcoidosis. Data
      from this study, combined with observations by others on the evolution of
      experimentally induced granulomas, indicate that interstitial pneumonitis
      represents a very early lesion, possibly the initial lesion, in pulmonary
      sarcoidosis. Because of the relatively large error of sampling inherent in the
      currently increasing practice of obtaining small specimens for lung biopsy via
      the flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope, we anticipate that interstitial pneumonitis
      will be seen as the only histopathologic finding in these specimens with
      increasing frequency. It is therefore important to recognize that interstitial
      pneumonitis is a characteristic, although nondiagnostic, morphologic feature of
      pulmonary sarcoidosis.

PMID- 679738
TI  - Irreversibility of obstructive changes in severe asthma in childhood.
AB  - The findings in three children with severe asthma are presented. Following
      intensive round-the-clock therapy with theophylline (the dosage of which
      maintained serum levels of theophylline between 10 microgram/ml and 20
      microgram/ml) and therapy with prednisone (20 mg twice daily for three weeks or
      more), there were improvements in spirometric and body plethysmographic
      measurements. Despite this therapy, abnormalities in the forced expiratory volume
      in one second, the maximal midexpiratory flow, the residual volume, and specific
      airway conductance remained. These cases represent a subgroup of asthmatic
      children with reactive airways who have an irreversible component to their
      disease.

PMID- 679739
TI  - Intermittent severe mitral regurgitation.
AB  - The findings in two patients with hemodynamic evidence of intermittent severe
      mitral regurgitation with cyclic variation in right and left ventricular
      pressures are presented. Both patients had aortic and mitral valvular
      regurgitation of unknown etiology without definite evidence of papillary muscle
      dysfunction. The basis for the variation in the degree of mitral regurgitation is
      unclear.

PMID- 679740
TI  - ST-segment elevation during recovery from exercise. A new manifestation of
      Prinzmetal's variant angina.
AB  - Four patients underwent exercise testing because of a history of pain in the
      chest; all four developed marked elevation of the S-T segment only during
      recovery after exercise. Three of the four patients showed ST-segment depression
      during exercise, but ST-segment elevation was absent until two or more minutes
      after cessation of exercise. ST-segment elevation after exercise was accompanied
      by hypotension in three patients and by ventricular arrhythmias in one.
      Subsequent coronary angiographic studies revealed normal or minimally diseased
      coronary arteries in two patients and significant coronary lesions in the other
      two. Review of the literature shows that contrary to the prevailing belief, over
      half of the patients with Prinzmetal's variant angina have electrocardiographic
      changes diagnostic of ischemia during exercise testing. Over half of the patients
      with abnormal findings on tests during exercise display ST-segment elevation as a
      manifestation of ischemia; however, delayed ST-segment elevation of the type seen
      in these four patients is distinctly uncommon, having previously been described
      in only three individual case reports. The pathophysiology of this response is
      uncertain but may relate to rapid alterations in the autonomic balance during
      recovery after exercise.

PMID- 679741
TI  - Arrhythmias from fiberoptic bronchoscopy.
AB  - The electrocardiogram was monitored in 51 patients during fiberoptic
      bronchoscopic procedures and was compared to recordings made before
      premedication. Sixteen of the patients had heart disease. During the
      bronchoscopic procedure, the heart rate increased by 154 "/- 5 percent (+/- SE).
      The frequency of atrial ectopic beats was minimally increased, by an average 0.15
      +/- 0.12 beats per minute (not significant). Ventricular ectopic beats became
      less frequent during the bronchoscopic procedure (-0.17 +/- 0.41 beats per
      minute; not significant), and there was no ventricular tachycardia. Frequent
      ventricular ectopic beats were seen mainly during bronchoscopic procedures in
      patients with coronary heart disease, but even in this group, ventricular ectopic
      beats became less frequent than at rest (-1.13 +/- 1.46 beats per minute; not
      significant). The nearly uniform sinus tachycardia that was observed was well
      tolerated but could predispose coronary patients to ischemia; however, the
      fiberoptic bronchoscopic procedure per se does not enhance prior ectopy.

PMID- 679742
TI  - Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the teaching hospital. Yield and
      complications.

PMID- 679743
TI  - Desmoid tumors of the chest wall.
AB  - Twenty-six cases of desmoid tumors of the wall of the chest were reviewed. These
      are rare lesions, which nonetheless should be considered in the differential
      diagnosis of all tumors of the chest wall. Although the lesion is most often
      palpable, several of the tumors were detectable only by means of an x-ray film of
      the thorax. Definitive diagnosis could not be made clinically but was easily
      established by pathologic examination of widely excised tumor. Like all desmoid
      tumors, these were locally aggressive in their growth but nonmetastatic and
      generally carried a good prognosis. Ideally, treatment consisted of wide local
      excision, but if there was encroachment of the tumor on vital structures,
      excision with suboptimal tumor-free margins was required. Even in the latter
      instance, tumefaction could be well controlled for long periods. Recurrences
      after an initial attempted removal were common, but most of these responded to
      reexcision.

PMID- 679744
TI  - Surgical management of the small aortic annulus. Hemodynamic evaluation.
AB  - Replacement of the aortic valve can be accomplished with ease and safety in most
      instances. The presence of a small aortic root, however, remains a problem in
      that both mechanical and stent-mounted tissue valves produce higher resting
      gradients in the smaller sizes. To avoid this, a technique has been developed to
      enlarge the aortic annulus. In a series of 253 patients undergoing aortic valve
      replacement, 22 required division of the aortic annulus. Extension of the
      incision inferiorly to the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve and a resulting
      separation of the annulus facilitated implantation of a larger valve. The
      resulting defect is obliterated with a woven Dacron patch. Hemodynamic data
      obtained on 12 patients who had recatheterization one to ten months
      postoperatively disclosed an average resting transvalvular gradient of 13.5 mm
      Hg. This procedure has been used successfully in combined aortic and mitral valve
      replacement and heart block has not occurred. Based upon encouraging follow-up
      studies of the Hancock glutaraldehyde-stabilized porcine heterograft, we use this
      prosthesis in patients with annular diameters of less than 25 mm. Our experience
      suggests that enlargement of the aortic annulus is necessary in a significant
      number of patients undergoing aortic valve replacement.

PMID- 679745
TI  - Pleural reaction to thoracotomy tube.
AB  - Knowledge of the transitory pleural thickening seen around thoracotomy tubes can
      avoid confusion with more serious pleural and pulmonary conditions. In this study
      of 60 children treated with chest tubes, nine had a local pleural reaction severe
      enough to produce findings on x-ray films taken up to ten days after removal of
      the tube.

PMID- 679746
TI  - The incidence and clinical correlates of parapneumonic effusions in pneumococcal
      pneumonia.

PMID- 679747
TI  - Pericardial effusion diagnosed by echocardiography. Clinical and
      electrocardiographic findings in 171 patients.
AB  - Clinical and electrocardiographic findings in 171 patients with pericardial
      effusion diagnosed by echocardiographic studies were reviewed. In 70 patients the
      effusion was unsuspected. There were 87 small, 50 moderate, and 31 large
      effusions. Cardiac tamponade was present in three patients. Congestive heart
      failure was the most common cause of pericardial effusion and occurred in 37
      patients. Other frequently noted conditions included cardiac disease without
      congestive heart failure, neoplasms, acute nonspecific pericarditis, renal
      failure, and acute myocardial infarction. A pericardial friction rub was present
      in 23 patients, two-thirds of whom had moderate or large effusions. Atrial
      arrhythmias were common. Low voltage occurred in 31 of 136 patients and was more
      common with large effusions. The ability to distinguish between a small effusion
      and the quantity of pericardial fluid present normally is a problem requiring
      further clarification.

PMID- 679748
TI  - Ventricular rhythms with intermediate rates in acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 679749
TI  - Experimental myocardial infarction. 14. Accelerated myocardial stiffening related
      to coronary reperfusion following ischemia.
AB  - In six dogs with surgically opened chests, segmental mechanical function was
      determined by measuring segment length using mercury-in-Silastic gauges attached
      to the epicardial surface of the left ventricular wall. Following coronary
      arterial occlusion the amplitude of the resulting paradoxical systolic bulge was
      quantitated in terms of "muscle lengths", defined as the ratio of the amplitude
      of the segment length over the end-diastolic segment length (EDSL). From an
      excursion of 0.176 +/- 0.029 muscle lengths at six hours of ischemia, the
      amplitude of the bulge decreased abruptly to 0.125 +/- 0.024 muscle lengths after
      15 minutes of coronary reperfusion (P less than 0.05) but maintained paradoxical
      expansion in systole. Segmental "effective stiffness", calculated at the same
      periods of time from end-diastolic pressure-length relationships during transient
      pressure loading of the left ventricle, showed a reciprocal change, increasing
      from 1.416 +/- 0.161 to 2.051 +/- 0.238 mm Hg/% deltaEDSL (P less than 0.05).
      These data indicate that the degree of paradoxical bulging of an ischemic segment
      is affected by its pressure-length characteristics (distensibility) and that a
      rapid decrease both in the amplitude of the bulge and in distensibility occurs
      during reperfusion. The mechanism is uncertain but may relate to either
      myocardial edema or myofibrillar contracture.

PMID- 679750
TI  - The effect of glucagon on the pulmonary transvascular fluid filtration rate.
AB  - Administration of glucagon has been shown to decrease pulmonary vascular
      resistance, but its primary site of action is undetermined. Whether this is on
      the arterial or venous side of the capillary would be reflected in the
      microvascular hydrostatic pressure. We used the pulmonary flow of lymph, a
      sensitive index of the transvascular fluid filtration rate, to monitor the
      microvascular hydrostatic pressure. Eight unanesthetized sheep with a surgically
      created long-term fistula for monitoring pulmonary lymph were given a 3-mg bolus
      of glucagon after a baseline period. We found no change in pulmonary arterial or
      left atrial pressures but noted a significant increase in cardiac output and a
      decrease in pulmonary resistance. The flow of pulmonary lymph increased by 50
      percent for 30 minutes after administration of glucagon, and the protein content
      of the lymph decreased by 15 percent, indicating a large increase in the
      microvascular hydrostatic pressure. From these data, we calculated a decrease in
      arterial resistance from 60 percent to 30 percent of the total and, subsequently,
      an increase of 6 cm H2O in the microvascular hydrostatic pressure. Administration
      of glucagon, therefore, decreases the arterial resistance while increasing
      microvascular pressure in the process.

PMID- 679751
TI  - Electrocardiogram of the month. Intermittent double junctional rhythm with
      complete atrioventricular block.

PMID- 679752
TI  - Roentgenogram of the month. Bilateral thoracic opacity in a neonate.

PMID- 679753
TI  - The role of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. Clinical
      conference in pulmonary disease from Ohio State University, Columbus.

PMID- 679754
TI  - Cardiology in People's Republic of China in 1977.

PMID- 679755
TI  - Profound first-degree atrioventricular block. A 30-year study.
AB  - We report the findings in a 60-year-old patient with a 30-year history of
      profound first-degree heart block with no associated cardiac abnormalities. The
      sinus node and the His-Purkinje system were normal. The time for atrioventricular
      nodal conduction was prolonged, with normal refractoriness both before and after
      administration of atropine, suggesting that the atrioventricular node may be
      lengthened, although electrically normal.

PMID- 679756
TI  - Fascicular block within the His bundle.
AB  - The findings in a patient with complete atrioventricular block and normal
      morphology and duration of the QRS complex are presented. A His bundle
      electrogram was obtained, which led to the location of the atrioventricular block
      within the His bundle. A careful review of the electrocardiograms obtained during
      the seven years preceding the onset of complete atrioventricular block showed a
      QRS complex with the features of left anterior hemiblock and a progressive
      impairment of atrioventricular conduction. From these data, we inferred that the
      different degrees of atrioventricular block and the left anterior hemiblock were
      caused by lesions within the His bundle involving the fibers destined for the
      left anterior division of the left branch. After the onset of complete
      atrioventricular block, with the subsidiary pacemaker located in the His bundle
      distal to the lesions, the QRS complex became normal, indicating the integrity of
      the bundle branches and fasciculi. The atrial and proximal His potential
      intervals and those between distal His and ventricular potentials were normal.

PMID- 679757
TI  - Recurrent mediastinal bronchogenic cyst. Cause of bronchial obstruction and
      compression of superior vena cava and pulmonary artery.
AB  - The recurrence of a benign mediastinal bronchogenic cyst 20 years after partial
      excision precipitated potentially serious vascular and pulmonary complications.
      Aggressive total surgical excision should be feasible in the majority of cases.
      An approach via a median sternotomy offers distinct advantages in certain cases
      and should be considered. Computerized axial tomographic scanning promises to
      provide improved definition of mediastinal anatomic features and should be a
      valuable noninvasive diagnostic method in selected cases.

PMID- 679758
TI  - Legionnaires' disease. Clinical and pulmonary histopathologic features of a
      sporadic case.
AB  - The pulmonary histopathologic features in a sporadic case of Legionnaires'
      disease are shown. The changes include acute bronchitis with focal ulceration and
      diffuse acute interstitial pneumonitis. These changes are not those seen with
      typical bacterial pneumonia but are similar to changes seen when viruses,
      rickettsiae, chlamydiae, or Mycoplasma pneumoniae organisms are the infecting
      agents.

PMID- 679759
TI  - Treatment of pulmonary melioidosis with combination of trimethoprim and
      sulfamethoxazole.
AB  - Treatment with a combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole proved
      lifesaving in a patient with pulmonary melioidosis after therapeutic failure
      occurred with other antibiotics to which the organisms were sensitive in vitro.
      Antagonistic interaction of drugs occurred when the combination of trimethoprim
      and sulfamethoxazole was given along with other antibiotics. The combination of
      trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole should be considered a major addition to the
      pharmacologic armamentarium for the treatment of pulmonary melioidosis.

PMID- 679760
TI  - Continuous precordial murmur due to congenital fistula between the femoral artery
      and the superior vena cava.
AB  - An unusual case of arteriovenous communication between the left inferior
      epigastric artery, a branch of the femoral artery, and the superior vena cava is
      presented. The communication caused a continuous murmur at the lower parasternal
      area and was responsible for a significant left-to-right shunt. Surgical
      treatment, which consisted of ligation of the aberrant artery at its origin, was
      followed by disappearance of the precordial murmur.

PMID- 679761
TI  - Pneumomediastinum. An unusual complication of needle biopsy of the lung.
AB  - Pneumomediastinum without pneumothorax is an unusual and apparently benign
      complication of needle biopsy of the lung.

PMID- 679762
TI  - Procainamide-induced left anterior hemiblock of the 2:1 type (pseudoelectrical
      alternans).
AB  - A selective defect in cardiac conduction in the anterior division of the left
      bundle branch was induced in a patient by therapy with procainamide
      hydrochloride. The defect in conduction, when intermittent, resulted in 2:1
      Wencklebach sequences and produced a pattern similar to classic electrical
      alternans. The prognosis in drug-induced alternans is good, and it is important
      to differentiate it from true electrical alternans.

PMID- 679763
TI  - Terbutaline for asthmatic children.

PMID- 679764
TI  - Radiographic appearance of implanted transvenous endocardial pacing electrodes.

PMID- 679765
TI  - Looped bronchoscope.

PMID- 679766
TI  - Inflammatory pericardial cyst.

PMID- 679767
TI  - Coronary arterial spasm and collateral circulation.

PMID- 679769
TI  - Advocacy for the abused rural child.

PMID- 679768
TI  - Administration of oxygen with mouth-held nasal prongs during fiberoptic
      bronchoscopy.

PMID- 679770
TI  - Brain edema in immature animals. An experimental study in rats.
AB  - Applying several procedures to produce brian edema, the authors examined electron
      microscopically immature rat brains, and the findings were compared with those in
      adult rat brains. Using Na-fluorescein and ferritin as tracers, the authors also
      examined the blood brain barrier (BBB) functionally. It was clarified that
      immature rat brains showed resistance to the brain edema of the vasogenic type in
      spite of breakdown of the BBB. On the basis of these results the authors
      discussed on genesis of brain edema of the vasogenic type.

PMID- 679771
TI  - Gangliogliomas in children. A clinicopathological study.
AB  - 14 children with central nervous system gangliogliomas are reviewed. The tumors
      were most frequently located in the cerebral hemisphere and often were cystic and
      calcified. Total removal was performed in only 1 patient. A well-defined plane of
      cleavage could not obtained in the majority of tumors at surgery. All patients
      are alive on follow-up and only 1 is neurologically disabled. Radiation therapy
      was given to 4 patients postoperatively. The clinical course of patients given
      postoperative radiation therapy was not different from that of those who were not
      irradiated. The histological aspects of the tumors are described.

PMID- 679772
TI  - Myeloschisis in early human embryos.
AB  - Four early human embryos with open myeloschisis are reported. These are a
      thoracolumbar myeloschisis in Carnegie developmental stage 12, a cervical
      myeloschisis in stage 13, and two lumbosacral myeloschisis in stage 14. All of
      them are the smallest human embryos with this type of malformation ever reported.
      In these embryos, the neuroectodermal junction is smooth and there is no
      microscopic evidence that the neural tube is forced open after its proper
      closure. The presence of the lesion in such early embryos, especially in one of
      stage 12, implies that the lesion evolved from the neural plate which never
      closed. Cellular polarity and the limiting membrane in the lesion are generally
      well preserved in spite of apparent overgrowth of the neural tissue. These
      findings do not support the hypothesis of LEMIRE et al. that the defective
      external limiting membrane predisposes to a loss of cellular polarity and
      resultant neural overgrowth.

PMID- 679773
TI  - Hydrocephalus in children treated with the one-piece shunt.
AB  - The results of the surgical treatment of 50 children with hydrocephalus with a
      new one-piece shunt are presented. The advantages and disadvantages of this shunt
      are discussed.

PMID- 679774
TI  - Infant recognition of the invariant form of objects.
AB  - The developing ability to abstract and recognize the invariant form of an object
      was studied in 6- to 9-month-old infants. It was found that 9-month-olds were
      capable of recognizing the invariant form of objects. They demonstrated this
      ability by differentiating a variation of a familiarized object from a
      configurationally novel object after a period of familiarization involving other
      variations of the familiar object. The forms of some objects were more difficult
      to recognize than others, but recognition of the more difficult forms was
      enhanced by allowing simultaneous comparison of variations during
      familiarization. 6-month-olds, on the other hand, did not demonstrate recognition
      of the invariant form of the experimental objects.

PMID- 679775
TI  - Memory factors in vowel discrimination of normal and at-risk infants.
AB  - The role of memory factors in infant vowel discrimination was examined by
      studying the categorical versus continuous discrimination of very brief vowels
      and the effect on discrimination of the silent delay interval between the last
      familiar and the first novel stimulus. 8-week-old infants of normal and at-risk
      medical histories were presented in a nonnutritive sucking paradigm with either a
      between-category or a within-category vowel shift. The results revealed reliable
      between-category but not within-category discrimination. In addition, the
      magnitude of the recovery in the between-category shift was related inversely to
      the duration of the shift delay interval. Finally, differences were observed
      between normal and at-risk infants in their initial attention to, discrimination
      of, and memory for short vowels. These findings were discussed in terms of the
      relative contributions of auditory and phonetic short-term memory in infant and
      adult vowel perception.

PMID- 679776
TI  - Criteria for same and different judgments and visual comparison strategies of
      four-year-olds.
AB  - 4-year-olds made same and different judgments about pairs of stimuli requiring
      detailed comparison in 2 conditions: a judgment-only condition and a
      justification condition in which children explained the reasons for their
      judgments. The systematic comparison strategies revealed in the justifications
      indicated that all children had definite criteria for "same" and "different"
      although about two-thirds of the children used a criterion that differed from the
      adult criterion. Judgments were more accurate in the justification than in the
      judgment-only condition, suggesting that overt verbalizations and gestures may
      provide a beneficial external support for completion of a child's own visual
      comparison strategy.

PMID- 679777
TI  - Visually elicited finger movements in infants.
AB  - The relationship between visual stimulus intensity and finger movements was
      examined in infants from 10 to 15 weeks of age and from 20 to 25 weeks of age who
      were shown a cone that varied in size, brightness, and distance from them. 2
      hypotheses derived from Schneirla's approach-withdrawal theory were examined; (1)
      that responses of the younger infants would be directly related to stimulus
      intensity, with finger extension (approach) movements elicited by weak stimuli
      and flexion (withdrawal) movements elicited by more intense stimuli; and (2) that
      stimulus dimensions such as distance, size, and brightness would make additive
      contributions to stimulus intensity, so that combinations of weak intensity would
      elicit finger extension and combinations of strong intensity would elicit
      flexion. Analyses of variance indicated no significant main effects of distance,
      size, or brightness, but significant age, intensity, and age x intensity effects.
      Older infants tended to extend their fingers more than younger infants. However,
      as intensity increased, the younger infants' responses showed decreases in
      extension and increases in flexion, while the older infants' responses indicated
      no clear relationship between intensity and response direction. That younger
      infants were responsive to the quantitative rather than the qualitative aspects
      of stimulation has important implications for understanding how various stimulus
      dimensions affect infant responses.

PMID- 679778
TI  - The development of cognitive gender constancy and sex role preferences.
AB  - The chief purpose of this study was to examine the development of stable concepts
      of "boy" and "girl" (gender identity constancy) in kindergartners and first and
      second graders. Gender constancy was explored in relation to cognitive level
      (assessed both by grade and conservation measures); whether the concept was
      applied to the subject himself or to another child; whether the concept was
      applied to live children or pictorial representations; and sex role preferences
      (games, television characters, peer preferences). In support of a cognitive
      developmental position, gender constancy was found to be related to cognitive
      level, and most children conformed to a developmental sequence (Guttman
      scalogram) in which conservation preceded gender constancy. Gender constancy
      performance was better when the concept was applied to the self versus another
      child and when applied to pictorial representations versus live forms. Gender
      constancy was not related to sex role preferences.

PMID- 679779
TI  - Sex role concepts of two- and three-year-olds.
AB  - An instrument was developed to assess beliefs about males and females in very
      young children. Use of the instrument with 72 2- and 3-year-old subjects
      indicated that children as young as 2 years of age possess substantial knowledge
      of sex role stereotypes prevailing in the adult culture. Knowledge of sex role
      stereotypes was highly correlated (.85) with comprehension of gender identity as
      an irreversible characteristic. Subjects who indicated actual or ideal identity
      with the opposite sex, however, showed a level of stereotyping no greater than
      chance. While there were no differences in amount of stereotyping as a function
      of subjects' age or sex, an analysis of the content of subjects' stereotypes
      revealed that boys' and girls' beliefs were only partially overlapping. In
      particular, girls tended to ascribe positive characteristics to their own sex and
      negative characteristics to males, while boys did the reverse. Explanations for
      these findings in terms of self-valuation processes were suggested.

PMID- 679780
TI  - Sex role stereotypes and children's memory for story content.
AB  - This investigation examined children's memory for stereotypic and reverse
      stereotypic sex role content in their reading material. In experiment 1, lists of
      traits and behaviors deemed typical of boys and girls were obtained from 2
      classrooms of fifth-grade students. 4 experimental stories were developed from
      these lists of stereotypic items, each depicting a male and female character who
      exhibited an equal number of masculine and feminine characteristics. In
      experiment 2, 24 fifth-grade students of each sex read 2 experimental stories and
      were administered a choice-recognition test. Results revealed that both sexes
      remembered more of the masculine sex typed characteristics of male characters and
      more of the feminine sex-typed characteristics of female characters. Moreover,
      the subjects were less proficient in remembering trait than behavioral
      descriptions and were particularly unlikely to remember the feminine traits of
      male characters. On the basis of these findings, it was speculated that children
      use the sex role stereotype as an organizational framework in reading
      comprehension. Possible implications of this research for children's reading
      programs were discussed.

PMID- 679781
TI  - The effects of extraneous speech on visual vigilance performance of children.
AB  - First-grade males performed a 30-min visual vigilance task under 5 conditions of
      auditory background stimulation. The 5 conditions consisted of (1) continuous
      conversation, in which subjects listened to a tape of conversation spliced so
      that there were no intervals of silence lasting longer than 3 sec; (2) continuous
      reverse, in which subjects heard the continuous conversation tape played in
      reverse; (3) intermittent conversation, in which subjects heard alternating
      segments of conversation and silence; (4) intermittent reverse, in which subjects
      heard alternating segments of reverse conversation and silence; and (5) silence
      control. Compared with silence or continuous stimulation, intermittent
      stimulation produced better detection regardless of whether or not it was
      meaningful. High achievers made more correct detections than low achievers, but
      only in the second and third time periods. Few subjects made errors of
      commission.

PMID- 679782
TI  - Locus of control and generosity in learning disabled, normal achieving, and
      gifted children.
AB  - Locus of control and generosity were investigated in 3 groups of children varying
      in academic achievement, namely, the learning disabled, normal achieving, and
      gifted. 34 9- and 10-year-old males were administered in dividually the shortened
      Nowicki-Strickland Locus of Control Scale and a donation task. An analysis of
      covariance and subsequent t tests for adjusted means revealed significant
      differences between all the groups, with learning disabled the most, and gifted
      the least, externally oriented. In addition, generosity was found to correlate
      significantly with internal-external control. The implications for special
      education, and resulting research priorities, are discussed.

PMID- 679783
TI  - A family study of gender identification.
AB  - Self-reports about 70 masculine and feminine behaviors were collected from 177
      undergraduates and their families. These self-report scores were correlated
      within family pairs to assess family resemblances in masculine or feminine
      preferences. The obtained family correlations were compared with those predicted
      by a simple additive-genetic theory, an X- linkage model, and a same-sex
      identification theory of gender-identity acquisition. The obtained pattern of
      correlations (mother x daughter=.26, sister x sister=.28, father x son=.33, and
      brother x brother=.23, all other family correlations near 0) strongly rejects the
      X-linkage and simple additive-genetic models of gender-identity acquisition. On
      the other hand, the obtained family correlations are quite consistent with a same
      sex theory of gender identification, although, of course, within-family
      correlations only suggest causal relations, they do not prove them. Other factors
      such as social class could affect sex role identification as well.

PMID- 679784
TI  - [The multiple stomach carcinoid].
AB  - Carcinoid tumors can be found in the entire alimentary tract. Stomach carcinoids
      make up about 3% of all carcinoids; 0.39% of all stomach tumors are carcinoids.
      Multiple stomach carcinoid is a medical rarity. In spite of an invasive growth,
      carcinoids with a diameter of less than 1 cm are considered semimalignant, those
      with a diameter of more than 1 cm are considered sure malignant. There are 8
      cases of multiple gastric carcinoids described in the literature. In our case we
      found macroscopically 31 polyps with a diameter of between 0.4 and 2 cm in the
      stomach. Histologically they were growing invasively with small tumor groups in
      the lymph ducts. Therapeutically total gastrectomy was necessary.

PMID- 679785
TI  - [Acute abdomen due to ruptured splenic artery aneurysm].

PMID- 679786
TI  - [Treatment of meconium ileus equivalent].
AB  - A 12-year old boy with mucoviscidosis developed a mechanical obstruction of the
      small intestine. The diagnosis of a meconium ileus equivalent was made and a
      conservative treatment was started. After this treatment failed, a laparotomy was
      performed which verified the diagnosis of a meconium ileus equivalent. It was
      possible to move the inspissated feces inside the terminal ileum into the
      ascending colon. The postoperative course was uneventful. The etiology,
      differential diagnosis, and both conservative and operative treatment of this
      complication of the mucoviscidosis are discussed.

PMID- 679787
TI  - [The meso-caval shunt--a future standard operation?].
AB  - As a result of several retrospective and prospective studies, there have been
      remarkable changes in surgery for portal hypertension, namely the limitation of
      surgical interventions to an asymptomatic time interval (without bleeding), and
      the preference for distal shunt operations, aiming at a lasting reduction of the
      portal hypertension with minimal reduction of portal liver perfusion. These
      requirements are best met by the mesocaval (H-) shunt, using a vascular
      prosthesis with sufficient wall stability and a negatively charged inner surface,
      such as, for example, the expanded PTFE graft (Gore-TEX). In contrast to several
      types of splenorenal shunt, the H-shunt in mesocaval position is characterized by
      the following advantages: (a) minimal operative stress, even in high-risk
      patients, (b) technical ease of use, (c) reduced operative mortality, especially
      for interval operations, (d) minimal risk of recurrent bleeding and
      encephalopathy. From this preliminary report it may be expected that the
      technique of mesocaval expanded PTFE shunt here presented is likely to become the
      method of choice in both elective and emergency interventions.

PMID- 679788
TI  - [Choice of procedure in the surgical treatment of liver injuries].
AB  - We give an analysis of liver-rupture cases among our own patients and discuss the
      problems of diagnosis and surgical therapy. Total lethality is 29%; this is
      dependent on quick diagnostic procedure, the number and severity of accompanying
      traumas, and the type of liver rupture. The main diagnostic feature seems to be
      peritoneal lavage, Operative procedure depends on the type and severity of the
      liver rupture. We therefore propose a classification of the types of liver
      ruptures, together with their adequate surgical therapy. Some postoperative
      complications can also be avoided.

PMID- 679789
TI  - [Neuroma of the cystic nerve stump. No explanation for post-cholecystectomy
      pain].
AB  - The investigation of 20 clinical patients and the autopsy material of 15 cases
      showed that neuromas of the cystic duct stump following cholecystectomy represent
      a regular pathomorphologic condition and have no correlation with any
      postoperative symptoms. Identical morphologic alterations can also be found on
      arterial stumps after resection of abdominal organs. Therefore, we suggest
      eliminating the cystic duct neuroma from the list of possible causes of symptoms
      after cholecystectomy.

PMID- 679790
TI  - [The elimination of the excretory pancreatic parenchyma by means of intraductal
      injection of a rapidly hardening solution of aminoacids].
AB  - The effect of the occlusion of the pancreatic duct system uith a new alcoholic
      solution of aminoacids has been studied in animal experiments. The solution
      solidifies in the duct system, is microbiologically indifferent, and becomes
      disintegrated within 11 days. The development of fistulas following exploratory
      excision is prevented by the filling of the duct system. The solution could be
      suitable for a therapeutic acceleration of the "burning-out" of the chronic
      pancreatitis.

PMID- 679791
TI  - [Local gastric fibrinolysis].
AB  - Local fibrinolytic activity was studied in normal and hemorrhagic gastric juice
      and in the gastric wall of men and pigs. This activity was definitely higher in
      hemorrhagic juice than in normal gastric juice, and its probably released from
      hemolyzed erythrocytes and mucosal lesions of the gastric wall.

PMID- 679792
TI  - [Late results after extra-anatomical shunt surgery in vascular surgery].
AB  - Alternative procedures were applied in high-risk patients or, in cases in which
      it was necessary, to bypass infected vascular beds. Some of our 113 procedures,
      especially the carotid-subclavian and the femoro-femoral grafts, showed excellent
      long-term results and wider application of these operations thus appears
      justified. Infected areas in the groin may be bypassed by the lateral iliaco
      femoral graft as an alternative to the obturator bypass.

PMID- 679793
TI  - [Effect of exogenous collagen on the metabolism of rat burns].
AB  - Standardized burns on rats were treated with 14C-labeled collagen from guinea pig
      skin. Collagen fractions of different solubility were extracted from the wounds
      during healing and the incorporation rates were measured. In the neutral salt
      soluble fraction, maximal specific activity was found on day 7 after application
      of the burns; 1,65% of the applied label was incoporated, and it was calculated
      that 11,8% of the total neutral salt-soluble collagen of the wounds originated
      from the applied exogenous collagen. In the citric acid soluble collagen, maximal
      specific activity was observed on day 9; 1,48% of the applied label was
      incorporated; 6,0% of total citric acid-soluble collagen of the wounds was
      derived from the exogenous collagen. In the insoluble collagen, no significant
      increase in radioactivity was observed before day 14 after burning. The results
      support the opinion that exogenous collagen is used for substitution in
      connection with endogenous collagen synthesis.

PMID- 679794
TI  - [The meta-epiphyseal type of Monteggia fractures].

PMID- 679795
TI  - [Endoscopic diagnosis of hiatal hernias (axial and paraesophageal hernias)].

PMID- 679796
TI  - Circadian rhythm in murine reticuloendothelial function.
AB  - Six separate groups, each composed of 15 comparable inbred female CBA mice,
      standardized in light daily from 0700 to 1900, alternating with darkness,
      maintained with food and water available ad libitum, were tested at 4-h intervals
      for a 24-h span for the phagocytic index, determined 3, 6, 9 and 12 min after the
      injection of a carbon suspension. By an analysis of variance and the single
      cosinor method applied to these data a circadian rhythm was demonstrated, with a
      double amplitude of 20% and an acrophase during the second half of the daily
      light span. These results extend the scope of immunologic circadian rhythms to
      the reticuloendothelial system as a feature of a bioperiodic defense mechanism,
      most active during the habitual rest light span of nocturnally active mice.

PMID- 679797
TI  - Chronobiologic study in the domestic duck. II. Physiological mechanism of the
      chronobiologic action of visible light on the gonads of the male duck.
AB  - 1. The physiological mechanism of the gonad-stimulant effect of light rays on the
      pre-pubertal duck testis, is the basis of any chronobiolgical study of this
      effect. 2. The light stimulates the chain formed by the retina, the optic nerve,
      the hypothalamus and the anterior part of the pituitary. This chain includes 2
      photo-receptors, a superficial one, the retina and a deep one, the hypothalamus.
      The retina is here only sensitive to orange and red rays. Consequently an
      autonomic retina intervenes instead of the visual retina. The hypothalamus, on
      the other hand, is sensitive to all visible rays when they are  brought directly
      in contact with it through a quartz rod placed in the orbit which has been
      previously emptied. 3. The hypothalamus, which is thus enlightened directly is
      more than a hundred times more sensitive than the retina. This great sensitivity
      allows normal stimulation by the most penetrating rays in the orbital region. 4.
      Ultra-violet and infra-red rays are inactive on the autonomic retina and on the
      hypothalamus. 5. The neuro-secretory cells of the latter, stimulated directly or
      indirectly, secrete hormones which via the axones reach a capillary network
      covering the median eminence, then, by series of portal veins, the anterior part
      of the pituitary, the corresponding cells of which secrete various hormones,
      which through the systemic circulation reach the corresponding target organs and
      in particular the gonads. It is thus a neuro-hormonal mechanism which the
      external factor light, brings into play to stimulate various functions of the
      autonomic life of the organism.

PMID- 679799
TI  - [Photoinduced generation of a potential on the membrane of the photoreceptor
      membrane disk].

PMID- 679798
TI  - [Selection of mice for large and small brain weight].

PMID- 679800
TI  - [Processes involved in learning complex behavior].

PMID- 679801
TI  - [Effect of electrical stimulation of the septum on the rate of conditioned reflex
      elaboration].

PMID- 679803
TI  - [Perception thresholds for colored stimuli].

PMID- 679802
TI  - [Identification of 5-hydroxycytosine as an anomalous base of phage H-17].

PMID- 679804
TI  - [Ephedrine derivatives as substrates and inhibitors of cholinesterases].

PMID- 679805
TI  - [Viscerosomatic interaction in individual cortical neurons of cats].

PMID- 679806
TI  - [Study of the dehydration and conformational state of DNA film specimens by the
      differential scanning microcalorimetry method].

PMID- 679807
TI  - [Absorption spectra of nonequilibrium states of cytochrome P-450 developing
      during low temperature protein reduction].

PMID- 679808
TI  - [Quantity of RNA in the life cycle of normal and tumorous cells].

PMID- 679809
TI  - [Dynamics of the interaction of bacterial and phage populations under periodic
      and continuous cultivation].

PMID- 679810
TI  - [Bathochromic shift in the bacteriorhodopsin (Br570) absorption band in an
      external electrical field].

PMID- 679811
TI  - [Reverse ferroporphyrin oxygenation in a bilayer phospholipid membrane].

PMID- 679812
TI  - [Medium as mediator of electron transport over great distances in biological
      systems].

PMID- 679813
TI  - [Direct measurement of membrane potential generation by submitochondrial
      particles].

PMID- 679814
TI  - [Anomalously high pKapp shifts in protoporphyrin IX protonization during its
      solubilization on the apoperoxidase from horseradish and on surfactant micelles.
      The effect of a nonpolar environment on the pKaff shift].

PMID- 679816
TI  - Diet in the management of chronic renal failure.

PMID- 679815
TI  - [New approach to the treatment of gastrointestinal tract and pancreatic tumors:
      antrectomy and the administration of gastrointestinal tract hormones].

PMID- 679818
TI  - [Byssinosis].

PMID- 679817
TI  - [Alcohol and pancreas].

PMID- 679819
TI  - [Therapy of iron deficiency anemia in childhood].

PMID- 679820
TI  - [Insurance benefits for damages during private tours].

PMID- 679821
TI  - [Metabolic acidosis and alkalosis].

PMID- 679822
TI  - [Rheumatic nodules in chronic polyarthritis].

PMID- 679823
TI  - [Low-dose x-ray treatment of 44 haemangiomas of the lid (author's transl)].
AB  - An extent knowledge of different haemangioma forms is the prerequisite of any
      treatment of haemangioma. Only the blastomatous haemangioma, because of its
      histological substrate, has a marked sensitivity to x-radiation. The tendency
      towards spontaneous regression among haemangiomas is an important factor which
      must be taken into consideration in any treatment plan. The blastomatous
      haemangiomas are most radiation-sensitive during the growth phase. For this
      reason such treatment should be undertaken in the first two years of life and
      under quite specific indications. The results of low-dose radiotherapy was
      assessed five years after the end of treatment on 157 patients with haemangiomas
      (of these, 44 were of the lid). Very good to satisfactory results had been
      achieved in 95.5% of blastomatous haemangiomas. Radiotherapy was only little
      effective in juveniles and adults. These results indicate that radiotherapy is
      the treatment of choice for blastomatous haemangiomas.

PMID- 679824
TI  - [New aspects of pathogenesis and treatment of dysmenorrhoea (author's transl)].
AB  - Menstrual blood of 5 dysmenorrhoeic women was collected in tampons during two
      menstrual cycles without and four cycles with intrauterine progesterone treatment
      (Progestasert). Three eumenorrhoeic women served as controls. Progesterone was
      assayed radioimmunologically after purification and extraction. Total
      progesterone excretion in the menstrual blood was the same in eumenorrhoeic and
      dysmenorrhoeic women without treatment. An increase of menstrual progesterone
      excretion by the factor 13 was found during the first bleeding after insertion of
      progesterone T. After 12 months of treatment with Progestasert only 41.7% (2
      alpha less than or equal to 0.001) of the initial progesterone amount per
      menstruation was found. The progesterone concentration per ml menstrual blood had
      decreased in the same way but was still clearly higher than eumenorrhoeic values.
      The results indicate that progesterone controls intrauterine prostaglandin
      F2alpha formation indirectly.

PMID- 679825
TI  - [Psychological aspects of glossodynia (author's transl)].
AB  - The term glossodynia refers to all conditions with pain and dysaesthesia of the
      tongue and entire oral mucosa manifesting themselves in burning, prickling,
      itching, stinging, and other frequently bizarre sensations as well as subjective
      xerostomia and bad taste. In most cases psychiatric diseases are the cause of the
      complex of complaints whereas local and general disorders are of only minor
      importance. Menopausal women with atypical depression are most often affected.
      Schizophrenia and abnormal personality development are far less frequent in
      glossodynia. After exclusion or therapy of organic disorders antidepressants are
      the treatment of choice in glossodynia. Thereapeutic difficulties may arise in
      patients suffering from marked xerostomia whose complaints may intensify during
      therapy because of the anticholinergic effect of most antidepressants, and in
      neurotic persons.

PMID- 679826
TI  - [Clinical aspects and differential diagnosis of atypical syndromes of multiple
      sclerosis].

PMID- 679828
TI  - [Physician's liability for anesthesis damages].

PMID- 679827
TI  - [Sjogren-Larsson syndrome].

PMID- 679829
TI  - [Interferon: therapeutic uses in reach?].

PMID- 679830
TI  - [Therapy of abdominal angina].

PMID- 679831
TI  - [Giving names of pacemaker patients to the manufacturing firm].

PMID- 679832
TI  - [Homeopathy and acupuncture].

PMID- 679833
TI  - [EEG, behavior and intelligence].

PMID- 679834
TI  - [Sinus bradycardia in hyperthyreotic crisis?].

PMID- 679835
TI  - [Cefamandol: pharmacokinetics with normal and impaired renal function (author's
      transl)].
AB  - 1.0 g cefamandol was injected in 25 patients with various degrees of renal
      function. Half-life and distribution volume of this antibiotic and the glomerular
      filtration rate (GFR) were then measured. The distribution volume was 18.5 +/-
      3.5% of body weight, similar to the extracellular space. Half-life and GFR were
      related in a way which could be expressed in the formula: half-life = 400 sqaure
      root GFR. Levels of blood concentration of cefamandol could be estimated from
      half-life and GFR, with the construction of "isoconcentration dosages", by which
      it is possible to achieve levels similar to those in normal subjects receiving a
      normal dosage.

PMID- 679836
TI  - [Psychiatric and psychometric examinations in Raynaud's syndrome (author's
      transl)].
AB  - 20 patients with Raynaud's syndrome were examined psychiatrically, 15 of them
      psychometrically as well (Giessen test, Freiburg personality inventory).
      Psychiatrically, there were neither psychoses nor manifest neuroses, but a
      chronic overconformity, emotional restraint and a compulsive, often stiff way of
      life were found as group-characteristic features. Psychometrically, the group
      personality profiles lay within normal range. Psychopathologically, they showed
      contours, uncertain at best, of obsessional structure. Coincidence of psychic
      conflict situations due to chronically social influences and frequent occurrences
      of Raynaud attacks was confirmed. Incorporation of psychotherapeutic and
      sociomedical measures into the therapy of Raynaud's syndrome is thus well founded
      and necessary.

PMID- 679837
TI  - [Paroxysmal hemoglobinuria and myoglobinuria].

PMID- 679838
TI  - [Additional vacations for roentgen, operating room and laboratory personnel].

PMID- 679839
TI  - [Bilhemia syndrome, a rare complication following blind liver biopsy using
      Menghini's needle].

PMID- 679840
TI  - [Laxatives in diverticulosis and diverticulum disease of the colon].

PMID- 679842
TI  - ["Firing rate"].

PMID- 679841
TI  - [Fluoride administration in childhood].

PMID- 679843
TI  - [Heating polyene acid containing lipids and oils].

PMID- 679844
TI  - [Violation of professional secrecy by overhearing of a physician's discourse by a
      third].

PMID- 679845
TI  - [Coronary insufficiency and sudden death due to coronary artery anomalies
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 679846
TI  - [Costs analysis for hypothyroidism screening].

PMID- 679847
TI  - [Influenza-A epidemic by two subtypes in Niedersachsen in February/March 1978].

PMID- 679848
TI  - [Watson-Schwartz test].

PMID- 679849
TI  - [Heparin in myocardial infarct].

PMID- 679850
TI  - [Physician's liability in a patient's hospitalization in a foreign department].

PMID- 679851
TI  - [Biguanides].

PMID- 679852
TI  - [Serum creatinine determination before digitalization].

PMID- 679853
TI  - [Change from heparin to phenprocoumon].

PMID- 679854
TI  - [Patient-tested urinary sugar concentration in diabetic (author's transl)].

PMID- 679855
TI  - [Results of intensive care and intensive therapy of very low birth-weight infants
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Newborns of less than 1500 g birth-weight are thought to be especially at risk
      with regard to their psychomotor development. Among 71 such infants admitted to
      the University Childrens Clinic, Tubingen, in 1974-1975, 43 survived (38%
      mortality). All but two of them were followed serially and assessed for their
      psychomotor development. Five were found to be abnormal (12%), three of them most
      probably having sustained CNS damage prenatally.

PMID- 679856
TI  - [Abnormal left-ventricular contraction and filling in patients receiving
      adriamycin for solid tumours (author's transl)].
AB  - Various ventricular functions, as obtained by echocardiography (M-mode), were
      measured on 14 patients with solid tumours receiving adriamycin (mean total
      dosage 330 +/- 188 mg/m2 body surface area), the results being compared with
      those on 14 normal subjects of similar ages. There were statistically highly
      significant differences between the two groups. In those receiving the drug there
      was (1) a decrease in the percentage shortening fraction and (2) a reduction in
      the maximal velocity of endocardial circumferential fibre shortening, as
      expression of reduced contractility. The abnormal filling was characterized by a
      marked decrease in maximal velocity of endocardial fibre stretch, diminution of
      diameter increase during the rapid filling phase, and a shortened duration of the
      rapid filling phase. There was no electrocardiographic or radiological evidence
      of myocardial damage. The findings suggest that it will be possible by serial
      echocardiography to recognize a higher tolerance to the drug in some individuals
      and, at the same time, reveal abnormal contractility and filling due to
      adriamycin before irreversible heart failure has occurred.

PMID- 679857
TI  - [Autologous transfusions of frozen blood in heart surgery].

PMID- 679858
TI  - [Disinfection in salmonelloses and infectious hepatitis].

PMID- 679859
TI  - Common bacterial infections in infancy and childhood. 7. Neonatal infections.

PMID- 679861
TI  - Acute pyogenic pericarditis the role of pericardiectomy.

PMID- 679862
TI  - Choriocarcinoma in Tanzania with special reference to medical presentations.

PMID- 679863
TI  - Iron deficiency in childhood anaemia.

PMID- 679864
TI  - Overactive thyroid nodules and thyroid function in Kampala, Uganda.

PMID- 679860
TI  - Severe asthma: prevention is better than cure.
AB  - Asthmatic patients during sympton-free periods almost invariably have
      abnormalities in lung mechanics and gas exchange. Tentacious secretions and
      mucosal thickening exaggerate maldistribution of ventilation and cause flow
      limitation in small airways. Hence, the maximal expiratory flow volume loop in
      these patients will show impaired flow rates at low lung volumes and many will
      show a widened alveolar-arterial O2 tension difference. Preventive treatment
      should be aimed at reversing these abnormalities. The regular use of inhaled
      sympathomimetics and oral theophylline preparations is justified in the symptom
      free patient whose history suggests that he is susceptible to acute
      exacerbations. Such patients commonly experience an improved sense of well-being,
      increased exercise tolerance, and a decrease in the frequency and severity of
      their acute episodes.

PMID- 679865
TI  - Cutaneous tuberculosis in Nigerians.

PMID- 679866
TI  - Miliary tuberculosis in Nigerian children.

PMID- 679867
TI  - Appendicitis in Mulago Hospital, Kampala.

PMID- 679868
TI  - Rate of tumour inhibition by activated macrophages in vitro.

PMID- 679869
TI  - Features of neuroblastoma in African children.

PMID- 679870
TI  - Tubo-ovarian abscess in pregnancy.

PMID- 679871
TI  - [The ERCP as the method of choice in the diagnosis of choledochus stenoses].

PMID- 679872
TI  - [Cellular immune reactions to food antigens in inflammatory and neoplastic
      intestinal diseases].

PMID- 679873
TI  - [Diabetes mellitus of 40 to 50 year's duration without specific angiopathy].

PMID- 679874
TI  - [Consequences, complications and causes of death in acute pancreatic necrosis].

PMID- 679875
TI  - [Statistical data and problems of organization in gastroenterologic endoscopy in
      Hungary].

PMID- 679876
TI  - [Involvement of the gastric mucosa in sarcoidosis].

PMID- 679877
TI  - [Individual serum proteins in chronic liver diseases].

PMID- 679878
TI  - [Electromyography in muscular diseases].

PMID- 679879
TI  - [Miminal subglottic pressure associated with vocal cord vibration].

PMID- 679880
TI  - [Needle electrodes in electromyography and their maintenance].

PMID- 679881
TI  - Motor conduction velocity and H-reflex in infancy and childhood. II. -Intra and
      extrauterine maturation of the nerve fibres. Development of the peripheral nerve
      from 1 month to 11 years of age.

PMID- 679882
TI  - Electromyographic behavior of the gastrocnemius muscle.

PMID- 679883
TI  - Computer editing of electromyographic recordings.

PMID- 679884
TI  - Measuring motor unit action potential duration by means of surface electrode EMG.

PMID- 679885
TI  - Lateralization of the stretch reflex in idiopathic scoliosis. A case report.

PMID- 679886
TI  - Electromyography of the human urinary bladder.

PMID- 679887
TI  - Variability in synergy patterns of leg muscles during climbing, descending and
      level walking of highly-trained athletes and normal males.

PMID- 679888
TI  - Blink reflex studies and somatosensory cerebral evoked potentials in patients
      with stroke and aphasia.

PMID- 679889
TI  - Kinesiology of the transplanted muscle. Part 3: transfers about the lower
      extremity.

PMID- 679890
TI  - Low frequency bizarre discharges. A particular type of electromyographical
      spontaneous activity in paretic skeletal muscle.

PMID- 679891
TI  - A study of surface electromyograms by means of digital simulation. I. The
      principles of a model of surface electromyogram.

PMID- 679892
TI  - A study of surface electromyograms by means of digital simulation. II. Spectral
      analysis of simulated and experimental electromyograms.

PMID- 679893
TI  - Rehabilitation and the client with epilepsy: a survey of the client's view of the
      rehabilitation process and its results.
AB  - A survey of epileptic clients of the Maryland State Department of Vocational
      Rehabilitation was conducted to evaluate the success of the rehabilitation
      process from the client's point of view. Less than half had become employed, 70%
      had continuing seizures, most had psychosocial problems. Recommendations are made
      as to how the rehabilitation process could better serve persons with epilepsy.

PMID- 679894
TI  - Pharmacokinetic comparison of tablet and suspension dosage forms of
      carbamazepine.
AB  - The bioavailability of two preparations of carbamazepine--the tablet and a new
      syrup-was studied in 9 adult male volunteers by measuring saliva and serum
      levels. Peak time was significantly earlier and peak level significantly higher
      in serum for syrup as compared to tablet. Levels remained higher for syrup for 12
      hr. Saliva was contaminated for up to 2 hr by syrup ingestion, possibly for a
      half hour by the tablet. Beyond that, saliva/serum ratios remained stable. Saliva
      level variation was too large for pharmacokinetic studies but acceptable for
      clinical purposes if sampling was long enough after the last dose.

PMID- 679895
TI  - Quantitative analysis and characterization of infantile spasms.
AB  - An effective, time-synchronized monitoring system for the study of patients with
      infantile spasms has been developed. This system utilizes concurrent graphically
      recorded data, including EEG, body movement via triaxial accelerometry,
      respiration, electrocardiogram, electromyogram, electro-oculogram, and galvanic
      skin response. These data, when evaluated in conjunction with a closed-circuit TV
      recording of the patient, greatly facilitate the differentiation of seizures from
      nonictal activity and permit the characterization and quantification of the
      behavioral, motor, and autonomic phenomena intrinsically associated with
      infantile spasms.

PMID- 679896
TI  - An international nomenclature of diseases.

PMID- 679897
TI  - Daily mortality and environment in English conurbations. II. Deaths during summer
      hot spells in greater London.

PMID- 679898
TI  - The effect of the iron ore tailings on the coastal environment of Tolo Harbour,
      Hong Kong.

PMID- 679899
TI  - Cardiovascular adjustments to carbon monoxide exposure during rest and exercise
      in dogs.

PMID- 679900
TI  - Lead contamination in the homes of employees of secondary lead smelters.

PMID- 679901
TI  - Studies on metallothionein and cadmium.

PMID- 679902
TI  - Respiratory response of guinea pigs to low levels of sulfuric acid.

PMID- 679903
TI  - Selective particle deposition and bronchogenic carcinoma.

PMID- 679904
TI  - Effect of ozone on leukocyte function in exposed human subjects.

PMID- 679905
TI  - Placental transfer of lead, mercury, cadmium, and carbon monoxide in women. II.
      influence of some epidemiological factors on the frequency distributions of the
      biological indices in maternal and umbilical cord blood.

PMID- 679906
TI  - Mortality in the elderly in a heat wave in New York City, August 1975.

PMID- 679907
TI  - Comparative irritant potency of sulfate salts.

PMID- 679908
TI  - Embryotoxic effects of chromium trioxide in hamsters.

PMID- 679909
TI  - Interaction of carbon particles with tracheal epithelium in organ culture.

PMID- 679910
TI  - Longevity, selective mortality, and competitive risks in relation to chemical
      carcinogenesis.

PMID- 679911
TI  - Toxicity of petroleum products: effects on alkaline phosphatase and lipid
      peroxidation.

PMID- 679912
TI  - Alveolar macrophages in rabbits exposed to nickel dust. Ultrastructural changes
      and effect on phagocytosis.

PMID- 679913
TI  - Placental transfer of lead, mercury, cadmium, and carbon monoxide in women. III.
      Factors influencing the accumulation of heavy metals in the placenta and the
      relationship between metal concentration in the placenta and in maternal and cord
      blood.

PMID- 679914
TI  - A kinetic model of cadmium metabolism in the human being.

PMID- 679915
TI  - Effect of mercuric chloride on the digestive system of Channa punctatus: a
      histopathological study.

PMID- 679916
TI  - Pulmonary tumors induced in mice by vinyl chloride monomer.

PMID- 679917
TI  - Relative importance of food and water sources to cadmium uptake by Gambusia
      affinis (Poeciliidae).

PMID- 679918
TI  - Pulmonary clearance and hilar lymph node content in rats after particle exposure.

PMID- 679920
TI  - The acute effects of chrysotile asbestos exposure on lung function.

PMID- 679919
TI  - Tail rotation, an early neurological sign of methylmercury poisoning in the rat.

PMID- 679921
TI  - On the utility of dark-field electron microscopy in the determination of the
      degree of deformation in chrysotile asbestos: an environmental research
      application.

PMID- 679922
TI  - Development of an animal model, techniques, and an exposure system to study the
      effects of asbestos cement dust inhalation.

PMID- 679923
TI  - Mercury compounds in some eastern Mediterranean fishes, invertebrates, and their
      habitats.

PMID- 679924
TI  - A cellular model for studying accommodation to environmental stressors:
      protection and potentiation by cadmium and other metals.

PMID- 679925
TI  - Blood clearance half-times in lactating and nonlactating members of a population
      exposed to methylmercury.

PMID- 679926
TI  - Effects of cadmium on salamander survival and limb regeneration.

PMID- 679927
TI  - Correlation of respiratory parameters in hamsters with the lung deposition of
      radiolabeled cigarette smoke.

PMID- 679928
TI  - Chronic ingestion of cadmium and/or tritium in rats. I. Accumulation and
      distribution of cadmium in two generations.

PMID- 679929
TI  - Multivariate analysis of biomechanical profiles for the coracobrachialis and
      biceps brachii (caput breve) muscles in humans.

PMID- 679930
TI  - Human performance comparisons between digital pursuit and compensatory control.

PMID- 679931
TI  - Effects of increasing oxygen availability on bicycle ergometer endurance
      performance.

PMID- 679932
TI  - Human information processing in visual sampling.

PMID- 679933
TI  - Voluntary march rate as a measure of work output in the heat.

PMID- 679934
TI  - Strain of employees in the machine industry in Finland.

PMID- 679935
TI  - Magnitude perception of added inspiratory resistance during steady-state
      exercise.

PMID- 679936
TI  - [Work, fatigue, and critical visual fusion frequency].

PMID- 679937
TI  - Objective workload and behavioural response in airport radar control rooms.

PMID- 679938
TI  - An assessment of a N2O rebreathing method for the estimation of cardiac output
      during severe exercise.

PMID- 679939
TI  - Contractile activity of neonatal heart cells in culture derived from offspring of
      exercised pregnant rats.
AB  - 5-day-old neonatal offspring of exercised or non-exercised pregnant Sprague
      Dawley rats were used to prepare primary cultures of beating myocardial cells.
      The cells from the exercise group exhibited a slower beating rate for both single
      and aggregate cells; a larger cell size; an increased percentage of contracting
      cells; a greater capacity to form confluent monolayers, and a greater viability.
      It was concluded that exercise during the period of pregnancy produced
      morphological alterations in the myocardium of the progeny.

PMID- 679940
TI  - The effects of blood loss on the performance of physical exercise.
AB  - Seven male subjects were studied before and up to 53 days after the loss of 11 of
      blood. The resting hematocrit fell from 44.0 to 38.7% and returned to control
      level after 3 weeks. Maximal oxygen uptake decreased from 4.00 1/min to 3.54
      1/min and returned to the initial level within 2 weeks. Submaximal oxygen uptake,
      pulmonary ventilation, maximal heart rate and blood lactate were not found to
      change significantly. Submaximal heart rate was increased from 125 beats . min-1
      to about 135 beats . min-1 and remained elevated for 3 weeks, whereas blood
      lactate was increased only in the first week. Maximal work time decreased from
      5.1 min to 3.8 min and remained low for the first 2 weeks, but rose thereafter
      above the starting level. Comparison with a control study suggested that there is
      some training effect, which, when allowed for, indicates that maximal work time
      returns to starting values at the same time as does the maximal oxygen uptake. It
      is concluded that the drop in Hct, maximal oxygen uptake and work capacity, found
      after the loss of 11 of blood, are related to each other both in magnitude and
      duration.

PMID- 679941
TI  - Variable resistance versus constant resistance strength training in adult males.
AB  - Changes in strength, body composition and anthropometric measures for groups
      training with constant resistance and variable resistance training procedures was
      compared. Thirty-six male volunteers were randomly assigned to one of three
      groups: Constant Resistance (CR), Variable Resistance (VR) and Control (C).
      Strength training was conducted 3 days per week, 45 min per day, for 10 weeks.
      The results demonstrated that both the CR and the VR groups increased muscular
      strength. The CR group demonstrated significant increases in strength over the VR
      group when strength was assessed by CR procedures. Conversely, the VR group
      demonstrated significant increases in strength over the CR group when strength
      was assessed by VR procedures. Neither group exhibited superiority over the other
      relative to changes in body composition and anthropometric measures. The
      significance of these results is discussed.

PMID- 679942
TI  - CO2 dissociation curves of oxygenated whole blood obtained at rest and in
      exercise.
AB  - In vitro CO2 dissociation curves for oxygenated whole blood were determined in 19
      healthy male subjects at rest and during submaximal and maximal bicycle work.
      Hemoglobin concentration and blood lactate increased with increasing work load
      and accordingly buffer value of the whole blood increased while bicarbonate and
      Base Excess (BE) decreased, resulting in a downward shift of the CO2 dissociation
      curve during exercise. Despite the marked increase in buffer values of the blood,
      the slopes of the CO2 dissociation curves during exercise were found to be about
      the same as those obtained at rest. It was inferred that the increasing effect of
      increased buffer value, on the dissociation slope, was essentially compensated by
      the decreasing effect of diminished bicarbonate content. The advantages of this
      relatively constant CO2 dissociation slope for the indirect measurement of
      cardiac output by the Fick principle are discussed.

PMID- 679943
TI  - Comparison of the three procedures for measuring VO2 max in competitive cyclists.

PMID- 679944
TI  - Effect of glucose on plasma glucagon and free fatty acids during prolonged
      exercise.
AB  - The effects of glucose ingestion on the changes in blood glucose, FFA, insulin
      and glucagon levels induced by a prolonged exercise at about 50% of maximal
      oxygen uptake were investigated. Healthy volunteers were submitted to the
      following procedures: 1. a control test at rest consisting of the ingestion of
      100 g glucose, 2. an exercise test without, or 3. with ingestion of 100 g of
      glucose. Exercise without glucose induced a progressive decrease in blood glucose
      and plasma insulin; plasma glucagon rose significantly from the 60th min onward
      (+45 pg/ml), the maximal increase being recorded during the 4th h of exercise
      (+135 pg/ml); plasma FFA rose significantly from the 60th min onward and reached
      their maximal values during the 4th h of exercise (2177 +/- 144 muEq/l, m +/-
      SE). Exercise with glucose ingestion blunted almost completely the normal insulin
      response to glucose. Under these conditions, exercise did not increase plasma
      glucagon before the 210th min; similarly, the exercise-induced increase in plasma
      FFA was markedly delayed and reduced by about 60%. It is suggested that glucose
      availability reduces exercise-induced glucagon secretion and, possibly
      consequently, FFA mobilization.

PMID- 679945
TI  - [Adaptive modifications of cold pain. III. Communication: short-term experiments
      with 1-min-intervals (author's transl)].
AB  - The subjective short-term habituation to pain-inducing cold stimuli is
      demonstrated for the first time by measuring the tolerated exposition time. It
      proves impossible to separate temporally a detection threshold of cold pain from
      the distress reaction level. The slope of subjective habituation is clearly
      dependent on the individual vegetative starting position. It is discussed why the
      blood pressure reaction may be used as a valid parameter for experienced
      intensity of a cold pain sensation only to a limited extent.

PMID- 679946
TI  - Fat and carbohydrate metabolism during low intensity exercise: effects of the
      availability of muscle glycogen.
AB  - Four subjects were studied during exercise at 50% of maximum oxygen uptake after
      a normal diet, after a low carbohydrate (CHO) diet following exercise-induced
      glycogen depletion, and after a high CHO diet. This regime has previously been
      shown to cause changes in the amount of glycogen stored in the exercising
      muscles. Metabolic and respiratory parameters were measured during the exercise.
      The respiratory exchange ratio, blood lactate, blood pyruvate, blood glucose and
      plasma triglycerides were lower than normal following the low CHO diet and higher
      than normal following the high CHO diet. Plasma free fatty acids and plasma
      glycerol were higher than normal after the low CHO diet and lower than normal
      after the high CHO diet. The contribution of CHO to metabolism was less than
      normal after the low CHO diet and greater than normal after the high CHO diet.
      The altered availability of FFA does not appear to be a result of the variations
      in the blood lactate content.

PMID- 679947
TI  - A structural model of cholinergic synaptic vesicles from the electric organ of
      Torpedo marmorata deduced from density measurements at different osmotic
      pressures.
AB  - Density measurements made on cholinergic synaptic vesicles from the electric
      organs of Torpedo marmorata at different osmotic pressures are consistent with
      the following structural model of the vesicle. The particle behaves like a sphere
      80-100 nm in diameter bounded by a semi-permeable membrane. The bulk of its
      soluble constituents are in true solution at physiological osmolalities. The
      limiting membrane is approximately 4-5 nm thick, suggesting that it contains
      large areas of phospholipid bilayer exposed to its bathing medium. The limiting
      membrane takes up about 26% (v/v) of the particle, a further 34% (v/v) of which
      is osmotically active water and 31% (v/v) hydrated core material at 800 mosmol/1.
      The buoyant density of the membrane is 1.132 g . cm-3. The density of the
      hydrated core material is approximately 1.05 g . cm-3. The membrane is
      selectively permeable to small molecules when subjected to hypo-osmotic stress.
      It is proposed that this occurs by the formation of small transient pores in the
      lipid bilayer of the membrane, which are induced by stretching caused by the
      osmotic pressure change.

PMID- 679948
TI  - Chemical structure and biochemical activity of cord factor analogs. A comparative
      study of esters of methyl glucoside and non-hydroxylated fatty acids.

PMID- 679949
TI  - Regulation of mammary gland metabolism: pathways of glucose utilization,
      metabolite profile and hormone response of a modified mammary gland cell
      preparation.
AB  - 1. A method for the preparation of isolated mammary gland cells of the rat is
      described. 2. The procedure involves disaggregation of the tissue in a
      collagenase-hyaluronidase mixture and subsequent purification of the
      heterogeneous population of cells by centrifugation in discontinuous Ficoll-400
      gradients; the preparation takes 60 minutes. The yield of cells is approximately
      14%. 3. The cells as prepared have high rates of metabolism and synthetic
      capacity and exhibit metabolic characteristics comparable to intact tissue. 4.
      Measurements of the content of metabolic intermediates show cells to have, and
      retain, outstandingly high levels of ATP and to have an energy charge close to
      0.9. Levels of other intermediates approximate to those found in the intact
      tissue. The level of glycolytic intermediates below the triose phosphate stage
      indicate the highly aerobic state of the cells. 5. The pattern and scale of
      glucose utilization, measured using specifically labelled glucose incorporation
      into 14CO2 and 14C-labelled lipid production, approximates closely in isolated
      cells at 5 and 20 mM glucose and in tissue slices at 20 mM glucose concentration.
      Mammary gland slices incubated with 5 mM glucose have a considerably lower rate
      of metabolism. Isolated cells exhibit a higher proportionate rate of glucose
      utilization by way of the pentose phosphate pathway. 6. The isolated cells are
      hormone responsive. Insulin increases the oxidation of glucose by the pentose
      phosphate pathway and stimulates lipid synthesis. Addition of progesterone and
      cortisone in vitro (10 muM) leads to a marked and rapid decrease in the rate of
      glucose oxidation and conversion to lipid.

PMID- 679950
TI  - Leucyl-tRNA and arginyl-tRNA synthetases of wheat germ: inactivation and ribosome
      effects.

PMID- 679951
TI  - Effect of zinc(II) on the refolding and reactivation of liver alcohol
      dehydrogenase.
AB  - Horse-liver alcohol dehydrogenase requires Zn2+ for enzymatic activity.
      Reactivation experiments after dissociation and denaturation of the enzyme in 6 M
      guanidinium hydrochloride and subsequent separation of zinc prove that the effect
      of the metal on the rate and yield of reconstitution is complex. In the absence
      of Zn2+ no reactivation is detectable, while excess of Zn2+ leads to inactive
      aggregates. Optimum reactivation yields are obtained at 10 muM Zn2+ after short
      incubation in the denaturant; increasing zinc concentration causes a decrease of
      the rate of reactivation. The refolding of the zinc-free enzyme is characterized
      by consecutive first-order processes which may be separated from second-order
      dimer formation. Addition of 10 muM Zn2+ during refolding may be used to block
      side reactions competing with the reconstitution. The transition from sigmoidal
      kinetics to second-order profiles by adding Zn2+ after completion of the
      aforementioned first-order process corroborates the proposed uni-bimolecular
      reactivation mechanism which implies the involvement of inactive monomers. These
      gain their enzymatic function as a consequence of dimerization. The effect of
      Zn2+ may be explained by a side reaction in the overall reaction scheme of
      reactivation and renaturation which allows the kinetic measurements to be
      quantitatively described.

PMID- 679953
TI  - Morphological observations on the vasculitis in the mucocutaneous lymph node
      syndrome. A skin biopsy study of 27 patients.
AB  - Twenty-seven skin biopsies were obtained from the exanthemata of patients in the
      acute stage of the mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (MCLS). The three vascular
      systems of different caliber size--the intrapapillary capillary loops (ICL), the
      superficial arteriolar or venular plexus (SAP, SVP) and the small subcutaneous
      vessels--were examined to investigate the characteristics of the vasculitis in
      MCLS and differentiate it from infantile polyarteritis nodosa (IPN). Significant
      papillary edema and dilatation of ICL, SAP and SVP were observed on the 4th day
      after the onset of the illness, and then gradually decreased. In the subcutaneous
      regions, vasculitis began with endothelial necrosis, and subendothelial edema and
      degenerative changes in the muscle cells followed. These changes in the small
      subcutaneous vessels were observed for a longer period than in the ICL, SAP and
      SVP. Moderate mononuclear cell infiltrations were observed. Both arteries and
      veins were affected.

PMID- 679952
TI  - Hypothalamic-pituitary functions in patients with idiopathic pituitary dwarfism.
      Further evidence for hypophysiotropic human deficiencies.
AB  - Somatotropic, thyrotropic, gonadotropic and corticotropic functions in 10
      patients with idiopathic hypopituitary dwarfism (IH) were investigated. The
      patients were divided into two groups: Group I (5 patients) had normal plasma T4
      levels, and Group II (5 patients) had T4 levels of less than 4.6 microgram/dl. In
      Group I three cases had isolated growth hormone (GH) deficiency and two cases had
      GH and gonadotropin (Gn) deficiencies; in Group II the 5 cases showed multiple
      anterior pituitary hormone deficiencies. In Group II, the plasma thyroid
      stimulating hormone (TSH) was 4.1-9.4 muU/ml and the response to thyrotropin
      releasing hormone (TRH) was greatly delayed and prolonged, with a maximum after
      120 min instead of 15 min. The basal prolactin (PRL) level in Group II was 12-31
      ng/ml, which was significantly higher than normal (P less than 0.001). In 4 cases
      in Group II, the plasma cortisol level increased 120 min after the infusion of
      lysine-vasopressin, whereas oral administration of metyrapone and hypoglycemia
      induced by insulin did not increase the plasma cortisol levels. From these
      findings it is concluded that hypothalamic lesions caused the pituitary hormone
      deficiencies in 4 Group II cases, and Group I may tentatively be differentiated
      from Group II by T4 determinations.

PMID- 679954
TI  - Electronic platelet counting with capillary blood samples--experiences in a
      paediatric clinic.
AB  - For several reasons, electronic platelet counts have not been generally adopted
      in paediatric routine laboratories. A method of platelet counting in capillary
      blood samples using an electronic counter is described. This is based on brief
      centrifugation of the blood sample after the addition of a diluent containing
      heparin/dextran and with a density of 1.050. The thrombocytes are uniformly
      suspended in the supernatant after 5 min of centrifugation at 250 g, so that the
      counting procedure in the electric unit can follow immediately. This simplified,
      dependable and reproducible method is also suitable for venous blood, and as a
      result of several years of successful trial, it can be recommended for routine
      use, especially in clinics with paediatric patients.

PMID- 679955
TI  - Pituitary function in a patient with septo-optic dysplasia and pituitary dwarfism
      (Kaplan-Grumbach-Hoyt syndrome).
AB  - The cause of a seventeen-year-old female patient with septo-optic dysplasia and
      pituitary dwarfism is presented. Mental retardatin and epilepsy, in addition to
      absence of the septum pellucidum, point to a widespread lesion of the central
      nervous system. There is unilateral hypoplasia of the optic nerve. She is of
      small stature. The dynamic pituitary tests point to deficiency of GH, TSH and
      ACTH, and an adequate reserve of prolactin, gonadotropins and vasopressin. TSH
      insufficiency is probably of primary pituitary origin.

PMID- 679956
TI  - Idiopathic arterial calcification in infancy. A case report.
AB  - An infant with idiopathic arterial calcification is presented. The disease was
      diagnosed during the life of the patient as an aortogram demonstrated a stenosis
      of the left coronary artery and complete occlusion of the right coronary artery.

PMID- 679957
TI  - Cranial morphology in the 18p-syndrome.
AB  - Three of four recently described children with the 18p- syndrome were
      reinvestigated using cranial computerized tomography (CCT). More severe
      deformities were found in the cases with severe cerebral malformation, but there
      was no correlation with the degree of mental retardation.

PMID- 679958
TI  - Reduced capillary resistance in allergic patients.
AB  - Fifty four of 67 allergic children (81%) had a pathologically reduced capillary
      resistance (CR) of less than 16 cm Hg. Five of the 13 allergic children with
      normal CR were treated with corticosteroids. Prednisone improved CR in on patient
      for at least 24 h, and this was reflected by improvement of hemorrhagic
      parameters such as bleeding intensity, bleeding pattern and blood loss. There was
      no correlation between CR and IgE levels. 90% of the symptomatic relatives of
      allergic children had a reduced CR, but only 44% of asymptomatic relatives. CR
      presents a simple additional tool for diagnosing allergy and might give hints to
      the carrier state of allergy.

PMID- 679959
TI  - Peripheral circulation in the newborn: interaction of peripheral blood flow,
      blood pressure, blood volume, and blood viscosity.
AB  - Peripheral blood flow and systolic blood pressure (strain-gauge plethysmograph),
      blood volume (Evans blue) and whole blood viscosity (cone-plate viscometer) have
      been measured in 66 premature and full-term infants 6 to 144h of age. Blood flow
      and blood volume were moderately decreased in the infants with respiratory
      distress. Highly significant (P less than 0.001) correlations were found between
      blood flow and blood volume (r = 0.77), blood pressure and blood volume (r =
      0.50), peripheral resistance and blood volume (r = -0.44), blood flow and blood
      pressure (r = 0.50), blood flow and peripheral resistance (r = -0.67), peripheral
      resistance and blood viscosity (r = 0.45), and blood viscosity and haematocrit (r
      = 0.86). There was no correlation between peripheral blood flow and blood
      viscosity. However, at given blood volume, peripheral blood flow decreased with
      increasing blood viscosity. These results indicate that in newborn infants
      peripheral blood flow, blood pressure and peripheral resistance are influenced by
      blood volume, but also depend on blood viscosity.

PMID- 679960
TI  - Anatomy of the naso-lacrimal duct in new-borns: therapeutic considerations.
AB  - The topography and morphology of the lacrimal ducts in newborn infants was
      demonstrated by means of post mortem dacryocystograms and microphotograms of
      histologic slides. Because of bends in the course of the lower tear duct, a
      percentage of probings will fail to effect satisfactory perforation of the Hasner
      membrane. In most cases, the soft texture of this membrane requires no more than
      syringing under pressure, using a hollow probe as described by Bangerter (1953).

PMID- 679961
TI  - Lymph node excision as a simple diagnostic aid in rare lipidoses.
AB  - Autopsy material from a case of Niemann-Pick disease was subjected to lipid
      analysis. Among the six tissues investigated, lymph nodes exhibited the greatest
      storage of several lipids. Since lymph nodes are relatively easy to obtain by
      biopsy, they may be utilized for chemical diagnosis of this type of lipidosis.

PMID- 679962
TI  - Exocrine secretion of canine pancreas perfused extracorporeally.
AB  - A canine gastroduodenopancreatic block was isolated and perfused extracorporeally
      with homologous blood. This preparation was used for studying stimulated exocrine
      secretion of the pancreas. Stimulants were infused intra-arterially. Both vagi
      were stimulated electrically. Hydrochloric acid or L-phenylalanine were instilled
      intragastrically. Pancreatic secretion induced by secretin and during HCl
      instillation was rich in bicarbonate and poor in total protein. Pancreatic
      secretion obtained during the infusion of normal saline, cholecystokinin,
      bethanechol chloride or acetylcholine chloride and during instillation of amino
      acid as well as during electrical stimulation of vagi, contained less bicarbonate
      and more protein than secretin-induced secretion.

PMID- 679963
TI  - Self-established porto-caval and porto-pulmonary shunts in mechanically induced
      portal hypertension. An experimental study.
AB  - Portal hypertension was mechanically induced in rats by partial constriction of
      the portal vein. Angiography revealed the spontaneous development of porto
      systemic and porto-pulmonary shunts in all hypertensive animals. A coincident
      decompression of the portal system was recorded. Release of the portal vein
      constriction led to disappearance of the collaterals in most of the experimental
      animals.

PMID- 679964
TI  - Effects of motility and luminal distension on dog small intestine hemodynamics.

PMID- 679965
TI  - Microvascular bypass grafts. Experimental study of pathologic changes in arterial
      and venous grafts.
AB  - Experimental autogenous grafts were made on adult Wistar rats using microvascular
      techniques. 3 months postoperatively, the grafts were controlled by angiography
      and by histopathological examination. We obtained a total patency rate of 52.7%
      and we observed that failure of the grafting can be explained by progressive
      hypertrophy of the walls of the vessels inducing thrombosis.

PMID- 679966
TI  - Hypothalamic LH-releasing activity in young and aged intact and gonadectomized
      rats.
AB  - Hypothalamic LH-releasing activity content was measured in young (3-5 mo) and
      aged (22-26 mo) intact and gonadectomized male and female rats. Hypothalamic
      extracts (0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 hypothalamus equivalents) from young and aged rats
      were incubated with untreated hemisectioned rat pituitaries in medium 199. All
      hypothalamic extract treatments stimulated LH release from the incubated
      pituitaries. Increased amounts of hypothalamic extracts added to to the
      incubation medium proportionally increased LH release. There were no differences
      in LH release stimulated by young or aged hypothalamic extracts from either the
      intact or gonadectomized groups. In addition serum testosterone concentrations
      were reduced in the aged male rats and serum LH was lower in aged male and female
      rats than in the young groups. Although serum LH was increased after gonadectomy
      in all groups, the increase was of smaller magnitude in the aged rats. These data
      indicate significant alterations in the responsiveness of the hypothalamus to
      steroid feedback in the aged rat. Although the hypothalamus contains sufficient
      LH-releasing activity to stimulate higher levels of pituitary and gonadal
      endocrine function, aging effects on the neuroendocrine control mechanisms
      inhibit hypothalamic hormone function.

PMID- 679967
TI  - Cognitive maps of environmental knowledge and preference in nursing home
      patients.
AB  - Two studies examined cognitive maps of environmental knowledge and preference
      shown by nursing home patients. In study I, knowledge of the nursing home
      environment was investigated. Age was found to be negatively related to accuracy
      in identifying the locations of slide-depicted scenes. Also, patients who had
      lived several years in the nursing home were less able to identify the locations
      than were students who received a five-minute exposure to each area. Variable
      identification performance across areas was determined to be the result of
      relative visual distinctiveness rather than differential familiarity. Study II
      examined preference structures for different areas of the nursing home. Patients
      indicated a marked preference for their own room relative to common areas. Two
      different models of nursing design were suggested: 1) a social facilitation model
      emphasizing the allocation of a large proportion of space to common areas, and 2)
      an ethological model emphasizing preferences of patients for more private space.

PMID- 679968
TI  - Age differences in verbal mediation: a structural and functional analysis.
AB  - Five experiments were conducted to investigate potential structural and
      functional differences in verbal mediators given by young and elderly adults to
      CVC material. Experiment 1 found no significant differences in the complexity and
      flexibility of mediator formation by the two age groups. Experiment 2 replicated
      these findings using a different sample and task, and different materials.
      Additionally, this study also indicated a significant rank order correlation for
      the particular types of mediators used. Experiment 3 indicated that under some
      situations young subjects may be able to discriminate young from old mediators
      while Experiment 4 showed that younger subjects had no preference for which
      mediator would be most helpful to them in a learning task. Experiment 5 found
      that, in a paired associate learning task, young subjects learned faster the
      mediators given by other young subjects. The data were discussed in terms of
      current methodolical practices and in terms of localizing age-related memory
      deficits in structure or process variables.

PMID- 679969
TI  - Age differences in a controlled-lag recognition memory task.
AB  - Sixty subjects, 30 young and 30 old, were treated for word recognition using a
      controlled-lag method. A significant age differences was found for both
      recognition and for a subsequent recall task. Young subjects were superior to old
      on both recognition and recall. The greater the lag between the two presentations
      of a word, the greater the number of errors for both age groups. Most errors were
      made towards the beginning of the list, with a sharp drop in the middle, and a
      slight increase in the end. The older people took more time to complete the
      recognition task than the young.

PMID- 679970
TI  - The effects of overtraining on mediational processes in elderly males.
AB  - To examine the effects of overtraining on mediational processes, 81 male
      residents (aged 55 or above) of a VA domicillary were tested using a two-choice
      discrimination task. Upon reaching criterion, the men were given, 0, 15, or 30
      overtraining trials and then shifted to either a reversal, intradimensional, or
      extradimensional task. Analysis of the error scores resulted in a significant
      initial versus shift task main effect and type of shift by initial versus shift
      task interaction. Further analysis indicated no difference among the three shift
      groups for the initial task. However, in the shift task, the reversal group had
      significantly fewer errors than the other two groups who were not statistically
      different. Participants thus appeared to be mediationally sufficient when
      reversal and extradimensional tasks were compared, but mediationally deficient
      when intra- and extradimensional, and reversal and intradimensional tasks were
      contrasted. While overtraining had no significant effect, examination of the
      three way interaction suggested potentially facilitative effects of overtraining
      and a possible regression effect among participants not receiving overtraining.

PMID- 679971
TI  - Instrumentality--terminality values in relation to age.
AB  - Terminal and instrumental value preference was investigated by asking young
      adults and older adults to respond to a modified version of the Rokeach Value
      Survey. Terminal and instrumental values were almost identical among the age and
      sex groups. Thus, the present data provide no evidence to support the hypothesis
      that older adults have a higher priority for terminal values than do young
      adults.

PMID- 679972
TI  - The neuromuscular blocking activity of a new aminoglycoside antibiotic netilmicin
      sulphate (SCH 20569).
AB  - The neuromuscular blocking activity of netilmicin sulphate (Sch 20569), a new
      aminoglycoside antibiotic, was studied on the rat sciatic nerve-gastrocnemius
      muscle preparation. The i.v. administration of netilmicin caused a gradual fall,
      up to complete blockade, of the muscular contraction elicited by nerve
      stimulation. Conversely, the muscular response to direct stimulation was not
      affected. The response pattern was similar to that seen with known aminoglycoside
      antibiotics. The acute toxic effects (LD50 i.p. in mice) of netilmicin were
      antagonized by pretreatment with neostigmine; this latter partially prevented
      netilmicin-induced blockade, but was not able to reverse it. Calcium chloride was
      the only agent effective both to prevent and to reverse the neuromuscular
      blocking effects of netilmicin.

PMID- 679973
TI  - Positive chronotropic and inotropic effects of angiotensin II in the dog heart.
AB  - The effects of angiotensin II on sinus rate and atrial contractility were
      investigated in 17 isolated canine atria and 5 isolated paced ventricular
      preparations perfused with arterial blood conducted from a heparinized donor dog.
      When angiotensin II was injected into the cannulated sinus node artery, positive
      chronotropic responses were dose-dependently produced starting from the 0.01
      microgram dose although inotropic responses to angiotensin II were not
      consistently induced. Angiotensin II produced a similar inotropic response
      pattern in the paced ventricular preparation. Moreover, when angiotensin II was
      given into the jugular vein of the donor dog, similar positive chronotropic and
      inotropic responses were also shown in the isolated atrium. Angiotensin II
      induced positive chronotropic and slight inotropic effects were not influenced by
      treatment with the beta-adrenoceptor blocking agents, propranolol and carteolol,
      but significantly suppressed by saralasin which has been reported to be a
      competitive antagonist of angiotensin II. From these results, it is suggested
      that angiotensin II induced a positive chronotropic and slight positive inotropic
      effect via angiotensin II receptors in the dog heart.

PMID- 679975
TI  - Regional and systemic haemodynamic changes evoked by 5-hydroxytryptamine in awake
      and anaesthetized rabbits.
AB  - The radioactive microsphere method has been used to study the effects of the
      infusions of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) on cardiac output and its distribution in
      both pentobarbital-anaesthetized and conscious rabbits. Doses of 5 and 10
      microgram kg-1 min-1 caused progressive decreases in diastolic pressure and total
      peripheral resistance in the anaesthetized rabbits but not in conscious ones.
      There was no significant effect on systolic pressure, cardiac output or heart
      rate. However, in spite of minimal systemic changes, in both groups 5-HT evoked
      increases in blood flow to the brain, heart and stomach at the expense of the
      kidneys, skin, liver (hepatic artery) and lungs (bronchial artery plus
      arteriovenous anastomotic flow). The 10 microgram kg-1 min-1 dose at 5-HT also
      increased blood flow and decreased resistance in the extracerebral tissues of the
      head. The significance of these findings in relation to the possible role of 5-HT
      in the migraine syndrome has been discussed.

PMID- 679974
TI  - The postjunctional effects and neural release of purine compounds in the guinea
      pig vas deferens.
AB  - The smooth muscle of the in vitro guinea-pig vas deferens was shown to contract
      upon addition of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and
      adenosine monophosphate (AMP), the order of potency being ATP greater than ADP
      greater than AMP. Adenosine did not produce contraction. Pretreatment of animals
      with reserpine or treatment of tissues with an alpha-adrenoceptor blocking agent
      failed to alter the dose-response relationship for ATP. Because ATP is both a
      potent contractile agent and is present in the adrenergic storage complex,
      evidence was sought for the role of ATP as a possible co-transmitter following
      neural stimulation. Tissues preincubated in 3H-adenosine, a procedure which
      results in the incorporation of label into 3H-adenine nucleotides in the vas
      deferens, released significant amounts of tritium upon transmural stimulation.
      Because contraction per se can contribute to the tritium overflow, experiments
      were conducted with bathing solution made hypertonic with sucrose (12.5%).
      Hypertonic solution prevented the electrically induced tissue contraction, but
      failed to prevent a tetrodotoxin-sensitive release of tritium from tissue
      preincubated with either 3H-norepinephrine or 3H-adenosine. Because of the known
      association of ATP with norepinephrine in synaptic vesicles of adrenergic nerves
      and in view of the present evidence of a postjunctional action of ATP as well as
      the release of tritium from 3H-adenosine-treated vasa deferentia, it seems
      possible that in this tissue ATP, in addition to its other functions, may serve
      as a co-transmitter with norepinephrine.

PMID- 679976
TI  - Properties of contractions induced by ouabain and K+-free solution in guinea pig
      taenia coli.
AB  - The properties of contractions induced by ouabain and by K depletion were studied
      in comparison with those induced by other stimulants in guinea pig taenia coli.
      Ouabain 7.5 X 10(-6) M and K depletion produced biphasic contractions with
      similar time courses. Both contractions were slightly inhibited by low (0.25 mM)
      and high (7.5 mM) Ca concentrations, while the high K contraction was strongly
      inhibited by low Ca and potentiated by high Ca. Contractions induced by ouabain
      and K depletion were highly sensitive to lowering of the temperature and
      abolished at 15 degrees C, although contractions induced by carbachol 1.1 X 10(
      7) M and histamine 5 X 10(-7) M were still observed below 15 degrees C. In Cl
      deficient solution substituted by SO4 or propionate, contractions induced by
      ouabain and K depletion were potentiated, while contractions induced by high K,
      carbachol and histamine were suppressed. These results indicate a striking
      similarity between contractions induced by ouabain and K depletion suggesting a
      common mechanism for both contractions.

PMID- 679977
TI  - Structure-activity relationships of bradykinin potentiating peptides.
AB  - A number of A-VI-5 (Val-Glu-Ser-Ser-Lys) analogues and fragments were synthetized
      and tested on bradykinin potentiating activity so as to establish the nature of
      the active group(s) or structural characteristics of some bradykinin potentiating
      pentapeptides. It could be concluded that (1) the polar groups of the side
      chains, such as the two hydroxyl groups of the serine residues, the omega
      carboxyl group of the glutamic acid residue and the omega-amino group of the C
      terminal lysine, are not essential for the bradykinin potentiating activity; (2)
      the chain length (at least 5 amino acids) and the lipophilicity of the N-terminal
      amino acid as well as the whole peptide are of much more importance; (3) the free
      N-terminal NH2-group is not essential; (4) aromatic amino acids in position 3 of
      the peptide chain result in highly active bradykinin potentiating peptides.

PMID- 679978
TI  - Effect of papaverine on Ca2+ uptake by a mitochondrial fraction isolated from rat
      uterine smooth muscle.
AB  - A mitochondrial fraction was isolated from rat uterine smooth muscle. The effect
      of papaverine (3 X 10(-6), 10(-5), 3 X 10(-5), 10(-4) M) on Ca2+ accumulation by
      the fraction was studied. The effect of papaverine was changed by using different
      substrates for Ca2+ accumulation. Papaverine inhibited the Ca2+ accumulation
      supported by glutamate plus ATP concentration-dependently. The Ca2+ accumulation
      supported by ATP alone was also inhibited. On the other hand, the Ca2+
      accumulation supported by succinate and ATP was increased by papaverine. The
      effect was not concentration-dependent; papaverine (3 X 10(-5) M) was the most
      effective concentration for the effect with a shorter incubation (2 min).

PMID- 679979
TI  - Bencyclan: a new drug with unusual membrane stabilising properties in
      erythrocytes.
AB  - Bencyclan, a drug recently introduced to treat peripheral circulatory disease,
      has been shown to stabilise human erythrocytes in hypotonic saline. Two peaks of
      maximum stabilisation are present: at 10(-5)--10(-4) M and at 10(-3) M drug
      concentration.

PMID- 679980
TI  - Apomorphine-induced locomotor stimulation in developing rats treated with 6
      hydroxydopa.
AB  - Apomorphine-induced locomotor stimulation was investigated in the developing rat
      following injection with 6-hydroxydopa at birth. Treatment with 6-hydroxydopa
      potentiated locomotor responsiveness to apomorphine in the 20-day-old rat. The 6
      hydroxydopa-treated animal at 30 days, however, was less sensitive to the drug
      than was the control. Apomorphine again elicited more locomotor stimulation in 6
      hydroxydopa-treated animals than in the controls on day 50. These results suggest
      that the altered sensitivity of dopamine receptors induced with 6-hydroxydopa, is
      influenced by the onset of activity of other "inhibitory" neurons on day 30.

PMID- 679981
TI  - A comparative study of the effects of cinnarizine, sulpiride and thiethylperazine
      on vestibular nystagmus in rabbits.
AB  - The effects of cinnarizine, sulpiride, thiethylperazine and a placebo on
      vestibular nystagmus in rabbits were investigated. The nystagmus was provoked by
      means of a torsion swing. A suppressive effect was shown by all drugs and not by
      the placebo. A fast and strong effect was seen after the administration of
      sulpiride, however this effect decreased after 1 h. The onset of the effect of
      cinnarizine was slower but the effect lasted longer. Thiethylperazine had a clear
      suppressive effect but less strong and shorter than that of the other two drugs.

PMID- 679982
TI  - Effect of intracisternal 6-hydroxydopamine on seizure susceptibility in rats.
AB  - Rats with 60--70% deficits in brain catecholamines produced by the intracisternal
      injection of 6-hydroxydopamine were examined by 3 tests of seizure
      susceptibility. In all procedures (minimal and maximal electroshock and flurothyl
      convulsions) evidence for increased sensitivity to seizures was obtained. All the
      animals displayed normal rectal temperature at the times of seizure testing and
      normal blood chemistry at approximately the time of the third seizure test. These
      observations strengthen the widely held hypothesis that brain catecholaminergic
      neurons play a fundamental role in governing sensitivity to convulsions.

PMID- 679983
TI  - RNA metabolism in primary cultures of Xenopus laevis kidney cells. III.
      Processing of rRNA precursor in growing and resting cells.

PMID- 679984
TI  - Downward regulation of macronuclear DNA content in Paramecium tetraurelia.
      Effects of excess DNA on the subsequent DNA and protein content and the cell
      growth rate.

PMID- 679985
TI  - Studies on phenotypic variation between Chinese hamster Kupffer cell lines. I.
      Quantitative variation of enzyme activities.

PMID- 679986
TI  - Studies on phenotypic variation between Chinese hamster Kupffer cell lines. II.
      Correlation relationships and coordinate control of enzyme activities.

PMID- 679987
TI  - Change in a nuclear phosphoprotein during in vitro myogenesis.

PMID- 679988
TI  - In vivo and in vitro synthesis of rat brain alpha- and beta-tubulins.

PMID- 679989
TI  - Serum stimulated DNA synthesis in mouse embryo fibroblasts. Synergistic
      enhancement by staphylococcal lipoteichoic acid.

PMID- 679990
TI  - Arrested states produced by isoleucine deprivation and their relationship to the
      low serum produced arrested state in Swiss 3T3 cells.

PMID- 679991
TI  - Chromosome surface area. Further evidence for autosomal sexual dimorphism.

PMID- 679992
TI  - A skeletal muscle cell line isolated from a mouse teratocarcinoma undergoes
      apparently normal terminal differentiation in vitro.

PMID- 679994
TI  - Changes in replicon behaviour during the S period in Sorex araneus cells in
      culture.

PMID- 679993
TI  - Growth control in HeLa cells by serum and anchorage.

PMID- 679995
TI  - The quantitative transplantation of subpopulations of rat mammary gland cells
      separated on renografin gradients.

PMID- 679996
TI  - Serum-stimulated 3T3 cells undertake a histidinol-sensitive process which G1
      cells do not.

PMID- 679997
TI  - Intranucleolar localization of the RNA polymerase A activity in isolated nuclei
      of regenerating rat liver.

PMID- 679998
TI  - Disappearance of a 32000 D chromatin polypeptide during early erythroid
      differentiation of Friend leukemia cells.

PMID- 679999
TI  - Aging and sister chromatid exchange. I. The effect of aging in mitomycin-C
      induced sister chromatid exchange frequencies in mouse and rat bone marrow cells
      in vivo.

PMID- 680000
TI  - Lectin-induced cell agglutination and membrane cholesterol levels.

PMID- 680001
TI  - A temperature-sensitive mammalian cell mutant exhibiting micronucleation.

PMID- 680002
TI  - Gene expression in Friend erythroleukemia cells following the induction of
      hemoglobin synthesis.

PMID- 680003
TI  - Normal branching, induced branching, and steering of cultured parasympathetic
      motor neurons.

PMID- 680004
TI  - Isolation of an erythropoietic stimulating factor from the serum of anemic
      chicks.

PMID- 680005
TI  - Binding of concanavalin A by normal and virus-transformed cells and by their
      trypsin-released surface components.

PMID- 680006
TI  - Mammalian concanavalin A-resistant cells contain altered cell surface
      glycoproteins.

PMID- 680007
TI  - The effect of anti-ConA on the binding of ConA to lymphocytes.

PMID- 680008
TI  - Serum-free medium allows chicken myogenic cells to be cultivated in suspension
      and separated from attached fibroblasts.

PMID- 680009
TI  - Removal and recovery of mating receptors on flagella of Chlamydomonas reinhardi.

PMID- 680010
TI  - A rapid method for the isolation of viable cardiac myocytes from adult rat.

PMID- 680011
TI  - Necessary and sufficient conditions for recruitment of macrophages into the cell
      cycle.

PMID- 680012
TI  - A modified assay procedure for revealing the M form of creatine kinase in
      cultured muscle cells.

PMID- 680013
TI  - Cell adhesion and spreading factor. Similarity to cold insoluble globulin in
      human serum.

PMID- 680014
TI  - Stimulation by amphotericin B of uridine transport, RNA synthesis and DNA
      synthesis in density-inhibited fibroblasts.

PMID- 680015
TI  - The effect of serum batch on the in vitro lifespans of cell cultures derived from
      old and young human donors.

PMID- 680016
TI  - Intranuclear migration of newly synthesized extranucleolar ribonucleoproteins. A
      high resolution quantitative autoradiographical and cytochemical study.

PMID- 680017
TI  - Modification of nucleolar components by growth temperature in meristems.

PMID- 680018
TI  - Hexose-monophosphate shunt response to diamide in the component layers of the
      cornea.

PMID- 680019
TI  - Developmental studies of the catabolism of sialocompounds by endogenous
      neuraminidase in the chick retina.

PMID- 680020
TI  - Intracellular potentials of isolated rabbit and human corneal epithelium.

PMID- 680021
TI  - Corneal damage following focal laser intervention.

PMID- 680022
TI  - Studies of aqueous humour dynamics in man. VI. Effect of age upon parameters of
      intraocular pressure in normal human eyes.

PMID- 680023
TI  - Phospholipid effects on the rat lens transport systems.

PMID- 680024
TI  - Cellular abnormalities of fasting-growing chickens: similarities between retina
      and lens.

PMID- 680025
TI  - Studies on the role of prostaglandins in the regulation of retinal blood flow.

PMID- 680026
TI  - Effect of early and late light exposure on the inherited retinal degeneration in
      rats.

PMID- 680027
TI  - Fluorescence spectra of tryptophan residues in human and bovine lens proteins.

PMID- 680028
TI  - Reduced lens development in lid-suture myopia.

PMID- 680029
TI  - The enhancement of hyphema resolution following benzopyrone therapy in an
      experimental model.

PMID- 680030
TI  - Lysophosphatidyl ethanolamine effects on rabbit lens and levels in human lenses
      and senile cataracts.

PMID- 680031
TI  - Increased intraocular pressure and hypothermia following injection of calcium
      into the rabbit third ventricle.

PMID- 680032
TI  - A fluorophotometric study of the effect of topical timolol on aqueous humor
      dynamics.

PMID- 680033
TI  - Proteoglycan biosynthesis in cultures of corneas and corneal stroma cells from
      adult rabbits.

PMID- 680034
TI  - Taurine uptake in isolated retinas of normal rats and rats with hereditary
      retinal degeneration.

PMID- 680035
TI  - Characteristics of ion transport across the isolated ciliary epithelium of the
      toad as studied by electrical measurements.

PMID- 680036
TI  - Differences in isoelectric points and subunit compositions of delta-crystallins
      synthesized in lenses cultured with and without vitreous bodies.

PMID- 680037
TI  - A comparison of topical cannabinoids on intraocular pressure.

PMID- 680038
TI  - Sensory defects caused by lesions of the first (SI) and second (SII)
      somatosensory areas of the dog.
AB  - Dogs were trained to respond to light tactile stimulation of one of two places on
      either hindlimb and to flashes of light. One stage or sequential, uni- and/or
      bilateral lesions were then made in SI and/or SII. The lesions encompassed the
      hindlimb projection areas, and were placed on the basis of electrophysiological
      mapping made during surgery. Defects attributable to specific somatosensory
      deficits were observed after lesions involving SII. No such defects were observed
      after lesions of SI alone. The defects caused by SII lesions were enhanced by
      previous or simultaneous lesions of SI. The results suggest that SII rather than
      SI is of primary importance for the recognition of tactile stimuli, but that SI
      also may be involved in the tactile conditioned reflex, perhaps as a focus for
      sensory-motor feedback loops.

PMID- 680039
TI  - Response variability and orientation discrimination of single cells in striate
      cortex of cat.
AB  - The response of single cells in the striate cortex of cat to a moving light bar
      of variable orientation was measured by a method providing data on the mean
      response as well as the standard deviation (SD) at the different stimulus
      orientations. At the optimal stimulus orientation the SD was about 1/3 of the
      mean response. Marked differences in this respect were found between simple and
      complex cells, i.e., the SD for the simple cells was about 1/2 of the mean
      response and about 1/4 for the complex cells. The variation coefficient (Vc =
      SD/mean) was minimal at the optimal orientation and increased relatively in the
      same manner for simple and complex cells as the stimulus orientation was varied
      away from optimal orientation. The Vc varied with the mean response at optimal
      orientation in a nonlinear manner. A function is proposed which fits this
      relationship and which is equally applicable for both simple and complex cells.
      The mean orientation discrimination (MOD) was defined as that change in
      orientation angle away from the optimal which produced a response statistically
      different--on the 1% level--from the response to the optimal orientation. There
      were differences in MOD between the two sides of the orientation tuning curve:
      the mean of the smaller of the two values was 13.5 deg and of the larger 19.7
      deg. No significant difference in MOD was found between simple and complex cells
      despite the fact that the halfwidth of the tuning curves for the two cell types
      was 19.5 deg and 31.6 deg, respectively. The preciseness in localization of the
      most sensitive part within the receptive field of single cells was calculated
      from the variability in time of occurrence of the smallest interspike interval.
      The degree of preciseness was found to be of the order of 1/4 of the receptive
      field diameter in both simple and complex cells. When nonoptimal stimulus
      orientations were presented, the preciseness significantly decreased in complex
      cells whereas it remained unchanged in simple cells. It is suggested that the
      same type of intracortical wiring produces orientation selectivity in simple and
      complex cells, and that the differences in tuning width are mainly due to a
      larger extension of inhibitory fields in the simple cells. Considering the
      cortical visual cells as elementary units in a network built for orientation
      detection and discrimination, the tuning width seems of minor importance for that
      function.

PMID- 680040
TI  - Reflexes induced by nerve stimulation in walking cats with implanted cuff
      electrodes.
AB  - Neural cuffs, implanted around various hindlimb nerves (sural, common peroneal,
      posterior tibial), were used to deliver brief stimulus trains to unrestrained
      cats walking on a treadmill. The resulting perturbations of the step cycle were
      evaluated by analyzing the EMG bursts recorded from the ankle extensors and by
      high speed cinematography. It was found that relatively weak stimulation (1.4 to
      2 X T) of the posterior tibial nerve was very effective in eliciting a
      prolongation of the flexion phase provided the stimuli were applied just prior to
      the expected onset of the ankle extensor EMG burst. This ipsilateral hyperflexion
      was correlated with a prolongation of the contralateral extension. The same
      stimuli applied during stance usually evoked a yielding of the stimulated leg and
      a prolongation of the ongoing contralateral stance. In addition to these flexor
      and extensor reflex effects, it was found that low threshold stimulation of the
      sural and common peroneal nerves resulted in a powerful reflex activation of the
      ankle extensors. In contrast, stimulation of the gastrocnemius-soleus nerve (a
      muscle nerve) produced no discernible behavioral effects, even for stimuli at 3 X
      T, indicating that the observed reflexes are probably mediated by cutaneous
      afferents. The results were largely confirmed in experiments using the same cuffs
      implanted in spontaneously walking premammilliary cats.

PMID- 680041
TI  - Differences in peripheral and foveal effects observed in stabilized vision.
AB  - Foveal images fade much faster than peripheral images, at light-on as well as at
      light-off. An opposite result can be obtained, however, in case of unsatisfactory
      stabilization. The amount and extension of the brightness spreading before the
      fading depend on the stimulus brightness and its location on the retina. The
      intensity threshold and the maximal obtainable sharpness of the image decrease
      towards the periphery, the image becomes wider and sharper on increasing the
      stimulus intensity. In the foveal area brightness or darkness can be observed
      (even from stimuli below the foveal threshold) by a filling-in from the
      periphery, which has a lower threshold. On increasing the stimulus intensity very
      small pinpoints of light, tiny dots are observable in the foveal area. Each dot
      measures less than 1 min arc in diameter and is visible for a few hundred
      milliseconds only. The final sharply contoured foveal percept of a narrow line,
      observed at higher intensities, is made up of a crowding of these tiny dots. When
      lines wider than about 10 min arc are used as stimuli these small foveal dots are
      only seen along the inside contours but not on the (diffuse) interior of the
      line. In the periphery no tiny dots but only spots of larger size can be
      observed. At each location of the visual field the final percept seems to be
      built up from the co-operation of a number of perceptive elements of different
      sizes. Small elements fade faster, have higher thresholds, habituate more easily
      on repeated stimulation and become easier activated by small-amplitude stimulus
      displacements than larger elements. The results described, contradicting some
      literature date, depend heavily on the quality of the stabilization.

PMID- 680042
TI  - Spatial summation of responses in receptive fields of single cells in cat striate
      cortex.
AB  - Spatial summation of responses in striate neurons in cats under N2O/O2
      anaesthesia was examined quantitatively both along the line of the optimal
      stimulus orientation (length summation) using moving light bars and single light
      and dark edge stimuli, and at right angles to the optimal orientation (width
      summation) using stationary flashing bars. Activity profiles and length-response
      curves were prepared from simple, complex and hypercomplex I and II cells. An
      activity profile indicates the responsiveness of a cell at locations along the
      length of its receptive field. The activity profiles from all cell types were
      usually well fitted by Gaussian functions. Length summation occurs both in end
      free (simple and complex) and, to a lesser extent, in end-stopped (hypercomplex I
      and II) cells over a wide range of stimulus contrasts (0.13 to 0.95). The
      linearity of length summation was tested either by comparing the recorded length
      response curves with the curves predicted from the linear integration of the
      activity profiles or by comparing the response to the activation of two regions
      of the receptive field with the sum of the responses to each region activated
      separately. Although length summation was usually non-linear (either greater than
      or less than direct proportionality) it was more nearly linear in complex than it
      was in simple and hypercomplex I cells. Mechanisms responsible for non-linear
      length summation were studied, including a threshold for discharge, response
      saturation and summation of end-zone inhibition. Complex cells show little width
      summation for bars wider than 0.3 degrees. In simple and hypercomplex I cells
      there was also relatively little width summation either in an ON or an OFF
      discharge region at contrasts above about 0.4 but at lower contrasts width
      summation may be apporximately linear. Spatial summation of responses does not
      appear to be a useful characteristic for distinguishing one striate cell type
      from another.

PMID- 680043
TI  - A new auditory area of the songbird forebrain: a connection between auditory and
      song control centers.
AB  - Single unit microelectrode recordings followed by electrolytic lesions which mark
      the recording sites demonstrate that there is an auditory region of the songbird
      forebrain that is distinct from and superficial to field L, the primary auditory
      region of the telencephalon. The location of the superficial auditory area and
      its large cells suggest identification with HVc, the large-celled telencephalic
      nucleus which controls song in the canary.

PMID- 680044
TI  - Chronic asymmetry in the extraocular muscles of adult cats: stability in
      binocularity of cortical neurons.
AB  - During the first 2 weeks following unilateral severance of the 6 extraocular eye
      muscles in adult cats, the operated eye is partially immobile as shown by
      electrooculographic (EOG) recordings of horizontal eye movements. Although the
      motility of the operated eye improves with time (mainly in terms of amplitude but
      also with regard to direction and frequency of movements), it does not reach (up
      to 2 months) the level of the normal eye. Unit recording was done in visual
      cortex area 17 of these cats while paralyzed, either immediately (acute group, 5
      cats), or 3-60 days (chronic group, 6 cats) following the operation. The number
      of visually inactive cells was slightly higher in the operated cats (13.8%) than
      in normal cats (8.3%), but the number of nonoriented cells or cells with
      disorganized receptive fields was similar in both groups of cats. The proportion
      of binocularly activated cells in the operated cats, especially in the chronic
      group (greater than 10 days after the operation, 71.2% of 153 cells), was similar
      to that of the normal control cats (72.8% of 236 cells). No ocular dominance
      shift was found when either the operated eye was compared to the normal one or
      the ipsilateral eye to the contralateral one. It was concluded that distortion of
      afferent proprioceptive input from the extraocular eye muscles to visual centers
      has no effect on binocularity of cortical neurons in adult cats.

PMID- 680045
TI  - Does orientation domain inhibition play a role in visual cortex plasticity?

PMID- 680046
TI  - Discharge patterns in the cochlear nucleus of the chinchilla following noise
      induced asymptotic threshold shift.
AB  - Chinchillas were exposed to an 86 dB SPL octave band of noise centered at 4.0 kHz
      for 3.5--5 days. The noise elevated the hearing thresholds between 4.0 and 16.0
      kHz to between 60 and 75 dB SPL. Measurements from single neurons in the cochlear
      nucleus revealed abnormalities in the response properties of neurons with
      characteristic frequencies (CF) above 2.0 kHz. Units above 2.0 kHz had elevated
      thresholds (between 50 and 90 dB SPL) and broad tuning curves due to a greater
      loss in sensitivity near CF than at lower frequencies. The tuning curve Q10dB
      values for high frequency neurons were generally less than 3.0 and approached the
      Q10dB values for basilar membrane displacement. Spontaneous activity rates in
      units above 2.0 kHz were also low. In a few units, the threshold for single tone
      inhibition was significantly lower than that for excitation; the best inhibitory
      frequencies were always below 2.0 kHz. Two-tone inhibition was present in both
      low and high threshold neurons, but its strength was not assessed. Cochleagrams
      obtained 12 hours postexposure revealed discrete hair cell lesions in the basal
      third of the cochlea. The locations of the lesions were consistent with the
      frequencies of maximum hearing loss. The behavioral thresholds and the thresholds
      at CF  of the most sensitive units were within 10--15 dB of each other. The
      results indicate that intense sounds reduce the sensitivity, frequency
      selectivity and spontaneous activity of units in the cochlear nucleus. The
      findings are similar to those obtained in auditory nerve fibers with ototoxic
      drugs and hypoxia.

PMID- 680047
TI  - The prefrontal cortex of the cat: anatomical subdivisions based on retrograde
      labeling of cells in the mediodorsal thalamic nucleus.
AB  - Different areas of the frontal cortex of the cat were injected with small amounts
      of horseradish peroxidase. The region of labeled cells in the mediodorsal nucleus
      of the thalamus (MD) were related to the injected areas. Distinct relations
      between subdivisions of MD and of the prefrontal cortex were established: a
      rather large central sector of MD projects to the gyrus proreus and the anterior
      parts of the gyri sigmoideus, rectus, and frontalis. A narrow lateral band of
      anterior MD neurons projects predominantly to an area on both sides of the sulcus
      praesylvius, whereas a postero-lateral band sends fibers to a region on the
      ventral anterior sylvian gyrus. The area between the presylvian sulcus and the
      sylvian gyrus is apparently free of MD afferents, but not of other thalamic
      afferents. A fourth sector of MD, situated dorsomedially, projects to the middle
      parts of the gyri rectus and frontalis. And a fifth sector, located ventrally to
      the dorsomedial MD sector, projects to the ventral part of the gyrus rectus. The
      established subfields of MD and of the prefrontal cortex are discussed with
      respect to previous anatomical research in the cat.

PMID- 680048
TI  - Electrophysiological properties of identified output neurons of the rat
      substantia nigra (pars compacta and pars reticulata): evidences for the existence
      of branched neurons.
AB  - In Ketamine-anaesthetized rats the nigral efferents to the ipsilateral striatum,
      to both VL/VM thalamic nuclei and to both superior colliculi were studied. Nigral
      output neurons were antidromically activated from these target nuclei and
      characterized by their spontaneous activity and cellular localization within the
      substantia nigra. Neurons in the pars compacta, which give rise to the
      dopaminergic nigro-striatal pathway, exhibited a low spontaneous discharg rate (3
      to 6/sec) and their axon had a slow conduction velocity (0.33 to 1 m/sec). They
      were antidromically activated from the striatum only. Neurons in the pars
      reticulata were characterized by a higher spontaneous activity (20 to 40/sec)
      anda faster conduction velocity (1.9 m/sec to 10 m/sec). They were antidromically
      activated from the thalamus, superior colliculus and striatum. Furthermore, some
      of these neurons were found to have branching axons projecting at least to two of
      the different target nuclei studied.

PMID- 680049
TI  - Influence of a low-frequency tone on the sensitivity of primary auditory neurons:
      two fiber populations.
AB  - The influence of biasing low-frequency tone on the sensitivity of primary
      auditory nerve fibers to tone bursts at the characteristic frequency is
      determined. In 7% of the investigated fibers the sensitivity varied
      systematically with the position of the tone burst within the low-frequency tone
      period. In the remaining 93% of fibers this dependence was not observed. A
      comparison of the ratio of these numbers with the ratio of fibers from inner and
      outer hair cells leads to the suggestion that different responses stem from
      fibers innervating different types of hair cells.

PMID- 680050
TI  - Time course of the disappearance of pineal noradrenaline following superior
      cervical ganglionectomy.
AB  - Pineal glands were collected from superior cervical ganglionectomized (SCGX) and
      sham-treated rats at time intervals following surgical manipulation. Pineal
      noradrenaline (NA) levels were quantitated by a radioisotopic-enzyme technique,
      or the pineals were examined by histofluorescence or electron microscopic
      techniques. A significant decline in pineal NA content was observed by 12 hours
      with a virtual disappearance of NA by 24 hours following SCGX. The depletion of
      NA content correlated with the disappearance of synaptic vesicles and the
      appearance of generalized fine structural degeneration of the sympathetic nerve
      endings in the pineals. Then results indicate that less than one day is required
      to remove all of the potentially, functional neurotransmitter from the denervated
      pineal gland. These observations agree closely with the time course of
      degeneration of other sympathetic nerve terminals following SCGX.

PMID- 680051
TI  - Connections of behaviorally identified cat omnipause neurons.
AB  - The afferent and efferent connections of omnipause neurons involved in saccadic
      eye movements were studied electrophysiologically in ketamine anesthetized cats.
      Omnipause neurons were identified by their characteristic discharge pattern which
      was qualitatively unaltered by ketamine anesthesia.

PMID- 680052
TI  - Central vagal organization in rats: an electrophysiological study.

PMID- 680053
TI  - Thalamic inputs and subcortical targets of cortical neurons in areas 5 and 7 of
      cat.

PMID- 680054
TI  - Variability of peripheral representation in ventrobasal thalamic nuclei of the
      cat: effects of chloralose treatment.

PMID- 680055
TI  - Variability of peripheral representation in ventrobasal thalamic nuclei of the
      cat: effects of acute reversible blockade of the dorsal column nuclei.

PMID- 680056
TI  - Midbrain and pontine unit responses to lordosis-controlling forms of
      somatosensory stimuli in the female golden hamster.

PMID- 680057
TI  - Are field potentials an appropriate method for demonstrating connections in the
      brain?

PMID- 680058
TI  - Effect of Lissauer tract stimulation on activity in dorsal roots and in ventral
      roots.

PMID- 680059
TI  - Effects of mannitol and furosemide on the rate of formation of cerebrospinal
      fluid.

PMID- 680060
TI  - Uptake of magnesium into the brain of the rat.

PMID- 680061
TI  - Wide-field conditioning effects on small-field neurons in the posterior sigmoid
      gyrus of domestic cats.

PMID- 680062
TI  - Effect of denervation on the molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase in normal
      and dystrophic chicken muscles.

PMID- 680063
TI  - Effects of hypoglossal afferent stimulation on masseteric motoneurons in cats.

PMID- 680064
TI  - Varieties of barbiturate-induced suppression burst activity in the cat.

PMID- 680065
TI  - Cross-correlation of medullary respiratory neurons in the cat.

PMID- 680066
TI  - Effects of restraint on electroencephalographic variables and monomethylhydrazine
      induced seizures in the cat.

PMID- 680067
TI  - A quantitative ultrastructural analysis of the synaptic population in the sacral
      visceral gray.

PMID- 680068
TI  - Characteristics of tension recruitment and mechanical activation in mammalian
      skeletal muscle.

PMID- 680069
TI  - Efferent connections of the basal forebrain in the cat: the substantia
      innominata.

PMID- 680070
TI  - Blood-brain barrier disturbance and reconstitution after spinal cord hemisection
      in the rat.

PMID- 680071
TI  - Recording intracellularly with potassium ion-sensitive electrodes from single
      cortical neurons in awake cats.

PMID- 680072
TI  - Climbing fiber-mediated rhythmic modulations of potassium and calcium in cat
      cerebellar cortex.

PMID- 680073
TI  - Ultrastructural sequence of embryonic cell death in normal and peripherally
      deprived trachlear nucleus.

PMID- 680074
TI  - Effect of exercise on chickens with hereditary muscular dystrophy.

PMID- 680075
TI  - Acupuncture reduces the trigeminal evoked response in decerebrate cats.

PMID- 680076
TI  - Response characteristics of visual and extravisual neurons in the pulvinar and
      lateral posterior nuclei of the cat.

PMID- 680077
TI  - Hymenolepis diminuta: biochemical properties of peroxidase activity in
      mitochondria.

PMID- 680079
TI  - Eimeria spp.: influence of coccidia on digestion (amylolytic activity) in broiler
      chickens.

PMID- 680078
TI  - Schistomsoma mansoni: phospholipid nature of the "agglutinin".

PMID- 680080
TI  - Litomosoides carinii: effect of splenectomy on the ability of naive Mastomys
      natalensis to accept transplanted adults.

PMID- 680081
TI  - Schistosoma mansoni: uptake of exogenous hemeproteins by schistosomules grown in
      vitro.

PMID- 680082
TI  - Ascaris suum: free amino acids and proteins in the pseudocoelom, seminal vesicle,
      and glandular vas deferens.

PMID- 680083
TI  - Trichinella spiralis: alterations of blood chemistry in the mouse.

PMID- 680084
TI  - Erythrocytophagocytosis by arterial smooth muscle cells in experimental
      atherosclerosis.
AB  - The morphological examination of advanced atherosclerosis caused by atherogenic
      diet in the coronary arteries and in the aorta abdominalis (trifurcation) of pigs
      showed plaque hemorrhage and signs of vascularisation. In these areas
      phagocytosis of erythrocytes could be observed. The cells involved in the
      phagocytic process vary considerably in size and shape but show common features
      of arterial smooth muscle cells. The modulation of smooth muscle cells is evident
      and progresses as the process of phagocytosis progresses. In early stages of
      erythrocyte engulfment the morphological characteristics which identify these
      cells as of smooth muscle origin are parts of surrounding basement membrane,
      caveolae intracellulares and myofilaments. The authors suggest, that under
      certain conditions arterial smooth muscle cells participate in phagocytic
      processes in the injured vessel wall as potential macrophages with lysosomal
      enzyme adaptation. Changes in extracellular surroundings and the actual situation
      of the vessel wall condition seem to play an important role in the induction of
      phagocytosis. Relations to vascularisation processes of the arterial plaques are
      evident.

PMID- 680086
TI  - Structural changes in brain mitochondria of mice subjected to hyperthermia.
AB  - Structural changes in brain mitochondria of mice subjected to hyperthermia have
      been examined under the electron microscope. In electronmicrographs of mice
      heated up to 41 degrees C the mitochondria were slightly damaged and those heated
      up to 42 degrees C showed marked destruction.

PMID- 680085
TI  - Collagen-bound glycoprotein of Guerin epithelioma.
AB  - The polymeric collagen of Guerin epithelioma is strongly bound to a large amount
      of noncollagenous substance. Almost full dissociation of this complex was
      achieved by heating in 7 Murea, at 100 degrees C for 4 hours. The collagen bound
      substance was identified as an acidic glycoprotein containing glucose, galactose,
      glucosamine, galactosamine and M-acetylneuraminic acid. Heterogeneity of this
      substance in regard to molecular weight was found.

PMID- 680087
TI  - Differential response to chick skeletal muscle to denervation. A
      histopathological study with reference to lipid and lipase distribution.
AB  - The effects of denervation on the three gastrocnemii muscle of chick have been
      studied with regard to the lipid and lipase distribution on the different fibre
      types, for a maximum period of 8 weeks after unilateral sciatectomy. The
      observations exhibit a loss of intrafibrillar lipids which is not on account of
      enhanced lipolytic activity within the muscle fibres. The lipases also exhibit
      lowered intrafibrillar activity during the corresponding period and may be one of
      the several lytic enzymes responsible for the degenerative changes in the muscle
      cells. The differential response of the three muscles, the muscle bundles in each
      of them and the different fibre types, to denervation, has been explained on the
      basis of the balance maintained between the trophic and the intrinsic regulatory
      mechanisms.

PMID- 680088
TI  - Late effects of radiation on the mouse kidney.

PMID- 680089
TI  - A sequential ultrastructural study of different arteries in the hypertensive rat.

PMID- 680090
TI  - Papain-induced lung injury: alterations in connective tissue metabolism without
      emphysema.

PMID- 680091
TI  - Synthesis of lung collagen in hamsters with elastase-induced emphysema.

PMID- 680092
TI  - Cerebellar, epidermal, and dental defects induced by ribavirin in perinatal
      hamsters and rats.

PMID- 680093
TI  - Mitochondrial matrix densities in myocardial ischemia and autolysis.

PMID- 680094
TI  - Ultrastructure of coronary arteries and myocardium in experimental hypertension.

PMID- 680095
TI  - D-galactosamine hepatotoxocity. V. Role of free fatty acids in the pathogenesis
      of fatty liver.

PMID- 680096
TI  - [Results of the activities of the pharmaceutical institutions of the Ukrainian
      SSR in the 2d year of the 10th five-year-plan and tasks for further improvements
      in their work].

PMID- 680097
TI  - [Measures for further improvement in accounting management and increasing its
      monitoring functions in the pharmaceutical institutions of the Ukraine].

PMID- 680098
TI  - [Improving the bookkeeping of the pharmaceutical institutions and organization of
      reviews of a model accounting setup].

PMID- 680099
TI  - [Status of prescription registry in the pharmaceutical network of the L'vov
      region].

PMID- 680100
TI  - [Improvements in the organization of production and work in pharmacies].

PMID- 680101
TI  - [New Soviet constitution].

PMID- 680102
TI  - [Consumption of medications by the rural population].

PMID- 680103
TI  - [Our experience in increasing the qualifications of pharmacist-information
      clerks].

PMID- 680104
TI  - [Results of a study of the organization of the work of analytical chemists in the
      interhospital pharmacies of the UkrSSR].

PMID- 680105
TI  - [Storage times for stabilizers used to prepare solutions for injection].

PMID- 680106
TI  - [Experience in desiccating raw materials from medicinal plants].

PMID- 680107
TI  - [Synthesis of methylene group derivatives of 1,2,3,5-tetrahydroimidazo(2,1
      b)quinazoline-2,5-diones].

PMID- 680108
TI  - [Synthesis of antimicrobial substances derived from alpha,gamma-bis
      (thiazolidindione-2,4-yl-3)-acetone].

PMID- 680109
TI  - [State and prospects for the growth of the pharmacy network of the Kiev region
      during the 10th five-year-plan].

PMID- 680110
TI  - [Spectrophotometric determination of flavonoids with a solution of 4
      aminoantipyrine].

PMID- 680111
TI  - [Identification of coumarin derivatives based on UV-spectroscopy].

PMID- 680112
TI  - [Qauntitative determination of flavonoids in medicinal preparations by paper
      chromatography].

PMID- 680113
TI  - [Stability and quality of phenol type preparations for injection].

PMID- 680115
TI  - [2-factor correlation analysis of the relationship between receipts, commodity
      circulation and the overhead expenses of central regional pharmacies].

PMID- 680114
TI  - [Relationship of particle sizes during extraction of different types of raw
      materials that make up a laxative preparation].

PMID- 680116
TI  - [Synthesis of 4,4-diphenyl-3-oxy-6-sulfamyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline].

PMID- 680117
TI  - [Biopharmaceutical characteristics of sodium mefenaminate suppositories].

PMID- 680118
TI  - [Determination of the ionization constants of tropane alkaloids. II. Ionization
      constants of scopolamine and hyoscyamine].

PMID- 680119
TI  - Hormone control of plasma membrane oxidation--reduction reactions. Effects of
      insulin.

PMID- 680120
TI  - A simplified route to [14C]dimethylsuberimidate for polypeptide crosslinking
      studies. Synthesis of [14C]suberonitrile by phase transfer catalysis using 18
      crown-6 ether.

PMID- 680121
TI  - Biospecific affinity chromatography of smooth muscle glycogen phosphorylase b on
      glycogen--Sepharose.

PMID- 680122
TI  - The uptake of agalacto-glucocerebrosidase by rat hepatocytes and Kupffer cells.

PMID- 680123
TI  - Effects of an interchain disulfide bond on tropomyosin structure. Differential
      scanning calorimetry.

PMID- 680124
TI  - Action of glycosidases on the saccharide moiety of the glucose--containing
      dolichyl diphosphate oligosaccharide.

PMID- 680125
TI  - Hydration scheme of the complementary base-pairs of DNA.

PMID- 680126
TI  - Phosphorylation of alphaS2-casein by two rat liver 'casein kinases'.

PMID- 680127
TI  - Small-angle x-ray and quasi-elastic light scattering studies on 11 S globulin
      from sunflower seed.

PMID- 680128
TI  - Circular dichroism of limulin: Limulus polyphemus lectin.

PMID- 680129
TI  - Non-polymerizability of platelet tropomyosin and its NH2- and COOH-terminal
      sequences.

PMID- 680130
TI  - Secretion of a latent neutral proteinase that degrades cartilage proteoglycans by
      skin and synovial fibroblasts in culture.

PMID- 680131
TI  - Isolation of two mammalian toxins from the venom of the Mexican scorpion
      Centruroides elegans (Thorell).

PMID- 680132
TI  - An immunochemical study of the hapten formed from ethynyloestradiol and guinea
      pig liver microsomes.

PMID- 680133
TI  - Studies on the mechanism of ferritin formation. Superoxide dismutase, rapid
      kinetics and Cr3+ inhibition.

PMID- 680134
TI  - The formation of UDP-L-rhamnose from UDP-D-glucose by an enzyme preparation of
      red campion (Silene dioica (L) Clairv) leaves.

PMID- 680135
TI  - Microsynthesis of photolabile 8-[2-3H]azidoadenosine nucleotides.

PMID- 680136
TI  - Gel filtration of proteins on Sephacryl S-200 superfine in 6 M guanidine-HCl.

PMID- 680137
TI  - Binding of the chemotactic synthetic peptide [3H]formyl-nor-Leu-Leu-Phe to plasma
      membrane of rabbit neutrophils.

PMID- 680138
TI  - Pseudomonas ovalis ferredoxin: similarity to Azotobacter and Chromatium
      ferredoxins.

PMID- 680139
TI  - Cross relaxation and spin diffusion effects on the proton NMR of biopolymers in
      H2O. Solvent saturation and chemical exchange in superoxide dismutase.

PMID- 680140
TI  - Inhibition of mammalian RNA polymerases by a protein factor from Ehrlich ascites
      tumor cells.

PMID- 680141
TI  - Photoacoustic spectroscopy of chloroplast membranes; listening to photosynthesis.

PMID- 680142
TI  - Continuous monitoring of transcription by light scattering.

PMID- 680143
TI  - Inhibition studies of an intracellular inhibitor on thiol proteinases.

PMID- 680145
TI  - DNA: the unexpected ally.

PMID- 680144
TI  - Liver dipeptidyl aminopeptidase IV hydrolyzes substance P.

PMID- 680146
TI  - Distinct muscarinic mediation of suspected dopaminergic activity in sympathetic
      ganglions.
AB  - The competitive neuromuscular blocking agents, gallamine and pancuronium,
      enhanced the nictitating membrane contraction, in the cat, resulting from
      muscarine ganglionic transmission. Inhibition of ganglionic muscarinic
      hyperpolarization, in response to short tetanic bouts of preganglionic cervical
      sympathetic stimulation, was an associated event and is considered by us to be
      causally related. The neuroleptic drug, haloperidol, enhanced ganglionic
      hyperpolarization under similar stimulatory conditions, and reduced the
      nictitating membrane contraction elicited via ganglionic muscarine pathways,
      effects opposite to those produced by the skeletal muscle relaxants. Apomorphine
      reduced both ganglionic hyperpolarization and the ganglionic muscarinic-induced
      nictitating membrane contractions. The action of gallamine and pancuronium
      conforms to a speculative cholinergic antagonism at the specific muscarinic
      receptors, termed Mi, on the ganglionic dopaminergic interneuron. Haloperiodol
      and apomorphine are anticipated to be exerting distinct antagonistic and
      agonistic actions, respectively, on prejunctional dopamine receptors of the
      ganglionic interneuron. Ganglionic slow depolarization mediated through the
      muscarinic receptors, termed Me, was unaltered by any of the agents studied.

PMID- 680147
TI  - [Methods for the analysis of drug consumption and prognosis of drug requirements
      by economic-mathematic methods and electronic computers].

PMID- 680148
TI  - [Kinetic mechanism of sorption of some alkaloids on ion-exchange resins].

PMID- 680150
TI  - [Anatomical structure of phagopyrum emarginatum Roth].

PMID- 680149
TI  - [Formulation and investigation of fluordopane tablets].

PMID- 680151
TI  - [Chemical composition of the preparation tanacin from the flowers of Tanacetum
      vulgare L. II].

PMID- 680152
TI  - [The basic characteristics of electronic absorption bands of phenothiazine and
      its derivatives. II. Derivatives of 10-piperazinyl propyl phenothiazine].

PMID- 680153
TI  - [Effect of some factors on the biological activity of celanide, using a
      mathematic model].

PMID- 680154
TI  - [Analysis of the work of large interhospital pharmacies].

PMID- 680155
TI  - [Organization of pharmaceutical services in the GDR].

PMID- 680156
TI  - [New methods for planning financial and economic indices of pharmaceutic
      services].

PMID- 680158
TI  - [Improving the control over planning of psychotropic drug consumption].

PMID- 680157
TI  - [Development and introduction into practice of mechanized quantitative
      calculation of drug turnover at a pharmacy storehouse and within the pharmacy
      network at the Kuibishev region].

PMID- 680159
TI  - [Scientific Organization of Labor].

PMID- 680160
TI  - [Automatized service of pharmacy information by telephone].

PMID- 680161
TI  - [Introduction of the token system for purchasing prescription drugs in pharmacies
      at the Pskov region].

PMID- 680162
TI  - [Specific pharmacy activities of the First Aid Team in areas of mass epidemics
      and natural disasters].

PMID- 680163
TI  - [Photometric determination of methylene blue in dosage forms].

PMID- 680164
TI  - [Polymorphism of drugs].

PMID- 680165
TI  - [Toxicity of butadion and its determination in biological materials].

PMID- 680166
TI  - [Wild-growing plants of the Poltava region].

PMID- 680167
TI  - [Effect of Phenothiazine derivatives on the surface charge of 2-layer lipid
      membranes].

PMID- 680168
TI  - [Phototurbidimetric titration of morphine hydrochloride and atropine sulfate].

PMID- 680169
TI  - [Spectrophotometric determination of papaverine hydrochloride in suppositories].

PMID- 680170
TI  - [Photometric determination of nitrogen-containing drugs based on transformation
      with nitrite formation].

PMID- 680171
TI  - [Photometric determination of dimedrol].

PMID- 680172
TI  - [Photometric determination of propazine in injection solutions].

PMID- 680174
TI  - [Pharmacy in Latvia in the 1st years of Soviet power].

PMID- 680173
TI  - [Polarographic determination of aminazine on the rotating platinum electrode].

PMID- 680175
TI  - [Technological problems of eye drops].

PMID- 680176
TI  - Amenorrhea-etiologic approach to diagnosis.
AB  - Amenorrhea is a ubiquitous problem, and clearly tangible causes are evident only
      in a relatively small number of patients. The clinician should proceed cautiously
      and select appropriate laboratory studies which will be of maximal benefit to the
      patient. While the evaluation of endogenous estrogen, skull x-rays, and serum
      gonadotropin levels are in progress, a continued dialogue with the patient must
      continue in order to identify factors that may contribute to psychogenic
      amenorrhea. Continued studies in the area of neuroendocrinology may help to
      clarify the relationship between the functions of the neocortex and gonadotropin
      production. Advancements in this area should help the clinician in his attempts
      to separate dysfunction from organic pathology. Meanwhile, the approach to
      amenorrhea should be tempered by a constant vigilance for pituitary tumors. The
      physician must always be aware of the role of psychosocial and nutritional
      factors in the interruption of the cyclinic mechanism.

PMID- 680177
TI  - Animal in vivo studies and in vitro experiments with human tubes for end-to-end
      anastomotic operation by a CO2-laser technique.

PMID- 680178
TI  - Progestins, physicians, and government.

PMID- 680179
TI  - Proceedings of the symposium "progesterone, progestins, and fetal development".

PMID- 680180
TI  - Spontaneous pregnancy during the infertility evaluation.
AB  - Of 299 patients evaluated for infertility between July 1, 1974, and December 31,
      1976, 21 (7.2%) became pregnant during the initial evaluation prior to any
      recognized therapy. A comparative analysis was made between these 21 couples and
      the 223 completely evaluated infertility couples. No significant difference in
      sexual, psychiatric, or menstrual history was found. There was a significantly
      increased incidence of low coital frequency in the pregnancy group (P less than
      0.01). The mean duration of infertility was also significantly less (1.6 years
      versus 2.9 years) in the pregnancy group. It is concluded that the majority of
      patients who become pregnant during an evaluation for infertility do so because
      of prior low coital exposure. There was no evidence in this study to support the
      concept that psychophysiologic factors were altered in these 21 couples during
      the initial clinical visits.

PMID- 680181
TI  - Profile of women requesting reversal of sterilization.
AB  - One hundred consecutive patients requesting reversal of sterilization have been
      analyzed. At the time of sterilization 52% were 25 years old or under and 89%
      were 30 years old or under. Fifty-three patients were not in a stable marital
      relationship. The mean number of children per patient was 2.39. Two-thirds of the
      47 patients who underwent pueperal sterilization regretted their decision within
      the 1st year. Twenty-six percent of the patients felt psychologically adversely
      affected by the procedure. The reason for requesting reversal of sterilization in
      the majority (63%) was a change in marital status. Other reasons were crib death
      (17%), desire for more children (10%), psychologic factors (6%) accidental
      tragedies (4%).

PMID- 680182
TI  - Release of prolactin during pregnancy: effect of sulpiride.
AB  - The aim of this trial was to study the prolactin-releasing capacity of the
      pituitary during pregnancy by means of an acute stimulation with sulpiride.
      Thirty women with normal pregnancies were included in the study (first trimester,
      nine women; second trimester, eleven women thir trimester, ten women). Each woman
      received an intramusclar injection of 100 mg of sulpiride sulfate between 8 and 9
      A.M. Three similar groups received injections of a saline solution. Blood samples
      were obtained before and 30 and 60 minutes after the injection. In each sample
      the prolactin concentration was determined by radioimmunoassay. Basal prolactin
      levels increased during pregnancy. Significant responses to sulpiride were
      observed during the three stages of pregnancy, and the levels in the second and
      third trimesters were higher than those in the firsttrimester. The prolactin
      releasing capacity of the pituitary, as judged by the response to sulpiride,
      seems to be maintained during pregnancy.

PMID- 680183
TI  - Salpingitis in ovarian endometriosis.
AB  - A histologic study of 87 cases of ovarian endometriosis with salpingectomy
      revealed 29 cases (33%) in which the removed fallopian tubes showed chronic
      salpingitis. Tubal obstruction could be demonstrated in only one of these
      patients. Tubo-ovarian adhesions were found in 15 patients (17%) and in only 7 of
      these in association with salpingitis. Although the patients in the present
      series did not consult their physicians because of infertility, but rather for
      other symptoms related to pelvic endometriosis, the finding of chronic
      salpingitis in 33% of the cases suggests that salpingitis may play a role in the
      infertility associated with endometriosis, possibly through altered tubal
      secretion.

PMID- 680184
TI  - Corrosion of copper in utero.
AB  - The influence of corrosion on the copper wire in the Copper T-200 intrauterine
      device (IUD) was studied in devices which had been in utero for 3 to 52 months.
      This was done mainly by examining cross-sections of the wires under a light
      microscope. Corrosion was normally localized to narrow areas and led to breakage
      and fragmentation of the copper wire. Neither deposits on the wire nor corrosion
      products prevented the dissolution of the copper. The progress of the corrosion
      over a given time was determined by comparing the depth of corrosion with the
      original dimension of the wire. The lifetime of the IUD was evaluated on the
      basis of the progress of corrosion, the calculated copper release, and the number
      of cases of wire breakage. It was found that the Copper T-200 could be left in
      place for up to 45 months.

PMID- 680185
TI  - A simultaneous assay to quantitate plasma and endometrial hormone concentrations.
AB  - A method for radioimmunoassay determination of hormones in both plasma and
      endometrium is presented. Total estrogen (TE) and progesterone (P) concentrations
      were measured simultaneously in plasma and endometrium in 59 women throughout the
      menstrual cycle. TE values in endometrium showed an increase of 0.45 ng/gm wet
      tissue weight on days 7 to 9, reaching a peak of 4.89 ng/gm wet weight at
      midcycle; values of 2.2 ng/gm wet weight were constant during the secretory
      phase. The endometrial P concentrations were 5.31 and 44.93 ng/gm wet weight
      during the proliferative and luteal phases, respectively. Plasma P levels during
      the proliferative phase were below 1 ng/ml, in comparison with values above 5.71
      ng/ml during the luteal phase. The quadratic coefficients of correlation between
      plasma and endometrial concentrations of TE and P were 0.8 and 0.9, respectively,
      indicating that under such conditions modifications in the amount of circulating
      hormones are reflected in the target tissue. These simultaneous studies may
      permit further investigation of the role of circulationg hormones in local
      biologic phenomena.

PMID- 680186
TI  - Release of acrosin inhibitor from human spermatozoa.

PMID- 680187
TI  - Effects of prostaglandin F2alpha on egg transport and in vivo egg recovery from
      the vaginas of rabbits.
AB  - The effects of prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) on egg transport and vaginal egg
      recovery were examined in rabbits. Little disturbance of egg transport was
      induced by an injection of 2 or 5 mg/kg of PGF2alpha 12 hours after mating. A
      remarkable disturbance of egg transport was seen when 5 mg/kg were injected 22
      hours after mating. The administration of PGF2alpha24 hours after mating led to
      maximal vaginal egg recovery: 48.4% and 54.8% of eggs were recovered by 51 hours
      after treatment, and implantation rates were 3.2% and 6.5% after treatment with 2
      and 5 mg/kg, respectively. The earliest eggs were recovered vaginally 3 hours
      after administration of PGF2alpha at 24, 36, 48, or 96 hours after mating. The
      recovery of slightly bloody washing fluids at the first and second vaginal
      washings in animals treated 24 or 36 hours after mating appears to indicate that
      severe uterine contractions were induced by PGF2alpha.

PMID- 680188
TI  - Interruption of pregnancy in rats by azastene, an inhibitor of ovarian and
      adrenal steroidogenesis.
AB  - Azastene (4,4,17alpha-trimethylandrost-5-eno[2,3-d]isoxazol-17-ol), when given
      orally to rats at a dose of 12 mg/kg once on day 10 of pregnancy, induced
      resorption of all fetuses and a precipitous decline of circulating progesterone
      levels in all test animals. The disruption of pregnancy was prevented by a
      single, concurrent, subcutaneous injection of progesterone (4 mg/rat). Thus, the
      interruption of pregnancy occurs via an acute, short-term, reversible
      progesterone withdrawal. The reduction of progesterone levels is brought about by
      competitive inhibition of ovarian 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity.
      Despite its potency as an interceptive agent, azastene exhibited only moderate
      endocrine-related effects if given daily for 2 weeks to female rats at doses as
      high as 1000 mg/kg. Those effects were an increase in the number of vaginal
      estrous days and a dose-related increase in adrenal weight. The latter effect is
      consistent with the known adrenal inhibitory properties of this drug.

PMID- 680189
TI  - Hormonal factors related to the incidence of testicular tumors in male
      pseudohermaphrodite rats.
AB  - Pieces of testicular tumor from male pseudohermaphrodite (tfm) rats were
      transplanted between the skin and body wall musculature of 4-day-old female,
      male, and tfm hosts and to the anterior chambers of the eyes of gonadectomized
      and intact adult tfm, female, and male hosts. These transplants grew in all hosts
      except normal males. To determine whether these tumors were hormone-dependent,
      the levels of circulating gonadotropins were measured in all host types to
      ascertain which were low in the males and high in all of the others. Prolactin,
      luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were
      measured in intact and castrated normal and tfm rats. Normal males had low levels
      of prolactin, estrogen, LH, and FSH; however, transplants grew well in other
      hosts with low titers of these hormones. Except for normal males, all hosts had
      high serum levels of LH. Thus, testicular tumors in tfm rats appear to be LH
      dependent.

PMID- 680190
TI  - Retrograde ejaculation: successful pregnancy following combined sympathomimetic
      medication and insemination.

PMID- 680191
TI  - T-mycoplasma genital infection: the effect of doxycycline therapy on human
      unexplained infertility.

PMID- 680192
TI  - Nursing-mediated prolactin and luteinizing hormone secretion during puerperal
      lactation.
AB  - Alterations in plasma prolactin (PRL) concentrations in response to nursing in
      puerperally lactating women are often significant beyond the 90th postpartum day,
      yet the increment appears unrelated to the frequency or duration of the nursing
      stimulus. Tonic gonadotropin secretion is low, assuming a more episodic secretory
      pattern either when the frequency of breast-feeding is reduced or when weaning
      takes place. Significant increments in peripheral concentrations of luteinizing
      hormone can be seen in response to weaning coincident with a fall in peripheral
      plasma PRL concentration. At the same time, peripheral estrogen concentrations
      increase, suggesting that a specific set point for ovarian responsiveness to
      gonadotropins exists. Whether this set point is related solely to the peripheral
      concentration of gonadotropins or whether it is also related to the peripheral
      PRL concentration is not known at this time.

PMID- 680193
TI  - Human cervical mucus. IV. Viscoelasticity and sperm penetrability during the
      ovulatory menstrual cycle.
AB  - Quantitative viscoelastic and sperm penetration measurements were made on
      individual human cervial mucus samples collected from several ovulatory menstrual
      cycles. An inverse relationship was found to exist between these two mucus
      properties, with peak penetrability seen during the ovulatory phase of the cycle
      when viscoelasticity was lowest. Limited sperm penetration was also observed with
      follicular phase mucus. When mucus was collected three times daily, the first
      sample of the day showed reduced pH values and elevated percentage of
      nondialyzable solids (NDS) and viscoelastcity. Rates of mucus production were
      calculated for two cycles; the highest rate was seen during the ovulatory phase,
      with the follicular and luteal phases showing approximately 50% and 30% of this
      rate, respectively. Limited disparities were noted between midcycle changes in
      percentage of mucus NDS and viscoelasticity and in blood levels of total
      estrogens.

PMID- 680194
TI  - Preliminary studies on streoid-binding proteins in human testes of testicular
      feminization syndrome.
AB  - This study was designed to detect either 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or
      17beta-estradiol (E2)-binding protein in the testes of a 1-year-old patient with
      testicular feminization syndrome (TFS) and in the testes of patients with
      prostatic cancer. Sucrose gradient analyses revealed E27S protein binding (but no
      such 7S protein binding of DHT) in the testes of the patient with TFS, but both
      E2 and DHT 7 S protein binding was observed in normal senile testes. The
      dissociation constants (Kd) were measured by charcoal adsorption. The Kd of E2
      protein binding in both testes of different status was approximately 1.3 x 10(-9)
      M, and the Kd of DHT protein binding was 2.0 x 10(-9) M in the senile testes. A
      ligand specificty study indicated characteristics of both E2 and DHT receptors in
      the senile testes. It is speculated that a deficiency of androgen receptor and
      the presence of estrogen receptor in the testes of patients with TFS lead to
      insensitivity to androgen as a result of the androgen receptor deficiency and to
      sensitivity to estrogen as a result of the presence of the estrogen receptor.

PMID- 680195
TI  - Alterations in human endometrial protein synthesis during the menstrual cycle and
      in progestone-stimulated organ culture.
AB  - The cytoplasmic protein content of endometrium from women at various times in the
      menstrual cycle has been examined by means of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
      using a double-label isotope technique. Analysis of the gels for altered label
      ratios suggests an increase in the concentration of a single protein band during
      the immediate postovulatory period that can be duplicated by the addition of
      progesterone to organ cultures of preovulatory endometrium. An alteration in the
      protein content is also observed in the same section of these gels when they are
      stained and scanned. The protein band of interest migrates on sodium dodecyl
      sulfate gels at a rate that establishes its approximate molecular weight as
      51,500.

PMID- 680197
TI  - Size and size distribution of subfertile human spermatozoa.
AB  - An improved apparatus for measuring the electrical size (shape factor times
      volume) of particles based on the Coulter counter principle was used to
      characterize 110 subfertile semen specimens; size distributions were attainable
      in the 97 cases with a count above 1 x 10(6) spermatozoa/ml. The typical size
      distribution was unimodal and positively skewed. Spermatozoa maintained a
      constant profile during their passage through the orifice of the sizing
      apparatus, with an effective shape factor of 1.28. Two groups of cells were
      found. The larger one consisted of 68 specimens with a modal volume of 18.1 +/-
      2.0 cu micron and a cell count of 27.5 +/- 9.2 x 10(6) spermatozoa/ml (mean +/- 1
      SD). The smaller group contained 29 cases and had a modal volume of 6.6 +/- 0.9
      cu micron and a count of 10.2 +/- 7.8 x 10(6). Samples with cell counts below 10
      x 10(6) spermatozoa/ml tended to have low modal volumes (less than one-half the
      normal), but those above showed no particular trend.

PMID- 680196
TI  - Transplantation of a human testis for anorchia.
AB  - One of two genetically identical twins (30 years old) had been born with two
      normal testes and the other with none. In the anorchic twin, preoperative serum
      follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were
      extremely high, and the serum testosterone level was extremely low. In the twin
      with two testes, preoperative serum FSH, LH, and testosterone levels were normal.
      After successful transplantation of a testis from the twin with two testes to the
      twin with no testes, using the microvascular technique, the recipient twin
      developed a normal serum testosterone level within 2 hours of surgery; his FSH
      and LH levels came down toward a normal range more slowly over the ensuing 4
      weeks. The donor's FSH level became mildly elevated 2 days postoperatively but
      returned to normal by 3 months. Thereafter, serum FSH, LH, and testosterone
      levels remained persistently normal in both twins. In the donor, pre- and
      postoperative sperm counts were normal. Preoperatively the recipient's semen had
      no sperm, but postoperatively the sperm content has slowly increased to normal
      levels.

PMID- 680198
TI  - A new multiple exposure photography method for objective human spermatozoal
      motility determination.

PMID- 680199
TI  - Fructose and hormone levels in semen: their correlations with sperm counts and
      motility.
AB  - Levels of fructose, growth hormone (GH), prolactin (HPr), follicle-stimulating
      hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT)
      were determined in semen. The samples were obtained from patients attending an
      infertility clinic and separated into four groups according to the number of
      spermatozoa. Levels of HPr, LH, and FSH showed significant positive correlations
      with sperm counts. Significant differences in fructose and hormone levels were
      found between various groups. Expressed as concentrations of hormones or fructose
      per milliliter of semen, none of the hormones showed a significant negative
      correlation with sperm motility whereas fructose showed a significant negative
      correlation. Expressed as amounts per ejaculate of semen, only prolactin showed a
      significant positive correlation with sperm motility. The significance of these
      findings is discussed.

PMID- 680200
TI  - Restoration of cyclic ovarian function by metergoline treatment in a patient with
      a prolactin-secreting pituitary microadenoma.
AB  - A patient with amenorrhea due to a prolactin-secreting pituitary microadenoma was
      treated with the antiserotoninergic drug metergoline for 8 months. The first
      menstruation occurred after 1 month of therapy, and it was followed by regular
      menses by the 3rd month. Presumptive evidence of ovulation was obtained in at
      least some instances by serum progesterone and gonadotropin determination. Serum
      prolactin was only slightly lowered by treatment. The patient had menses and
      possibly ovulation in the 2 months following drug withdrawal. Metergoline might
      restore ovarian function in hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea either by prolactin
      suppression or perhaps by direct stimulation of gonadotropin release.

PMID- 680201
TI  - An expanded classification of endometriosis.

PMID- 680202
TI  - Secondary amenorrhea in obesity: etiologic role of weight-related androgen
      excess.
AB  - A massively obese, amenorrheic young woman had elevated levels of plasma
      androgens which could be reduced either acutely by dexamethasone administration
      or chronically by weight loss. Normalization of plasma androgen levels in both
      instances led to resumption of ovulation, suggesting that weight-related
      hyperandrogenism is a cause of amenorrhea in obesity.

PMID- 680203
TI  - Kallman's syndrome.

PMID- 680204
TI  - Hypertestosteronism treatment in hirsute women.

PMID- 680205
TI  - Salpingitis among Caucasians.

PMID- 680206
TI  - [Diurnal rhythm of the adrenal cortex in bronchial asthma patients].

PMID- 680207
TI  - [Comparative characteristics of tests of physical work capacity].

PMID- 680208
TI  - [Effect of stimulation and destruction of the amygdaloid nuclei on the ovaries of
      sexually mature rats with intact pituitaries and following hypophysectomy].

PMID- 680209
TI  - [Changes in thymus tissue following allotransplantation against a background of
      hyporeactivity].

PMID- 680210
TI  - [Micromodification of a method of determining the kinetics of
      acetylcholinesterase activity in brain structures by electrographic recording].

PMID- 680211
TI  - [Spectrophotometric determination of the concentration of neurosecretory
      substance in the posterior lobe of the pituitary in white rats following
      destruction of the midbrain tegmentum].

PMID- 680212
TI  - [Thymus gland of rats exposed to a combination of hypoxia, hypercapnia and
      cooling].

PMID- 680213
TI  - [Estradiol-binding and estradiol-retaining capacity of target organs of female
      rats with disorders in the sex differentiation of the brain].

PMID- 680214
TI  - [Effect of thymosin on the immunologic responses of adrenalectomized animals].

PMID- 680215
TI  - [Effect of physical loads on the tissue metabolism of sulfhydryl groups].

PMID- 680216
TI  - [Age and the effects of vasopressin on energy metabolism in the myocardium and
      brain].

PMID- 680217
TI  - [Effect of splenin on bromsulfophthalein metabolism and excretion and bile
      secretion in rats with toxic hepatitis].

PMID- 680218
TI  - [Effect of stressful situations on the development of adrenogenic function in the
      adrenal cortex of female rats].

PMID- 680219
TI  - [Influence of the arcuate nuclei of the hypothalamus on adrenal cortex function
      during muscular stress].

PMID- 680220
TI  - [Concentration of stable free radicals in the tissues of white rats irradiated
      with x-rays and fast neutrons after preliminary adaptation to hypo- and
      hyperoxia].

PMID- 680221
TI  - [Smooth muscle cells during coronary artery aging].

PMID- 680222
TI  - [Comparative characteristics of the regulatory relationships between cerebral,
      autonomic and humoral processes in young and middle-aged patients with
      depression].

PMID- 680223
TI  - [Biological expediency of cell discrimination between sodium and potassium].

PMID- 680224
TI  - [Physiological basis for immediate inferences].

PMID- 680225
TI  - [Effect of unilateral ablation of the superior cervical sympathetic ganglion on
      the conditioned reflex activity and tonal sensitivity of the auditory analyzer in
      dogs].

PMID- 680226
TI  - [Temperature responses of the central divisions of the visual and auditory
      analyzers to presentation of adequate and inadequate stimuli].

PMID- 680227
TI  - [Limits of geometric figure differentiation in chickens].

PMID- 680228
TI  - [Cholinesterase activity and cholinesterase concentration in symmetrical cortical
      zones of the brain].

PMID- 680229
TI  - [Functional state of different brain regions following fractionated hemorrhage].

PMID- 680230
TI  - [Pharmacologic analysis of the nerve pathways for transmitting hypothalamic
      effects on the electrical activity of the heart].

PMID- 680231
TI  - [Effect of hypothalamic stimulation on different kinds of RNA in rat liver
      cells].

PMID- 680232
TI  - [Effect of caffeine on catecholamine concentration in perfusate from the rabbit
      superior cervical ganglion and the cat ciliary ganglion].

PMID- 680233
TI  - [Adrenergic effects on the electrical properties of individual muscle fibers in
      animals of different ages].

PMID- 680234
TI  - [Relationship between the coagulation and electrical properties of muscle tissue
      during activity].

PMID- 680235
TI  - [State of energy metabolism in white rats exposed to different oxygen
      concentrations].

PMID- 680236
TI  - [Effect of nerobol on the functional state of the liver].

PMID- 680238
TI  - [Experimental clinical characteristics of the effect of the blood-substitute
      geossen on blood acid-base equilibrium].

PMID- 680237
TI  - [Absorptive activity of the intestine following administration of the preparation
      aerovit during rocking].

PMID- 680239
TI  - [Chromaffin cells of spinal ganglia].

PMID- 680240
TI  - [Saddle for studying the effect of static loads on the bodies of dogs].

PMID- 680241
TI  - [Effect of destruction and stimulation of the amygdaloid nuclei on the response
      of the adrenals to hydrocortisone and desoxycorticosterone administration].

PMID- 680242
TI  - [Role of extra- and intracellular factors in changes in thyroid hormone
      metabolism with age].

PMID- 680243
TI  - [Age and sex peculiarities of the effect of estrogens on the pituitary-adrenal
      system of white rats].

PMID- 680244
TI  - [Comparative study of the effect of chorionic gonadotropin and thyrotropin on the
      thyroid gland of sexually immature male and female rats].

PMID- 680245
TI  - [Energy processes in the mitochondria of swine tissues following administration
      of hormonal preparations].

PMID- 680246
TI  - [Immunosuppressive properties of antilymphocyte serum obtained ALS-resistant rat
      bone marrow lymphocytes].

PMID- 680247
TI  - [Modeling glomerulonephritis in dogs].

PMID- 680248
TI  - [Experimental uro(uretero-)-genic epididymitis in dogs: modeling, state of
      spermatogenesis, autoimmune and allergic reactions].

PMID- 680249
TI  - [RFC content in lymphoid cell fraction from liver after administration of AHCS].

PMID- 680250
TI  - [Mechanisms of heat production during acclimatization to cold].

PMID- 680251
TI  - [Comparative study of different conditions for adaptation of white rats to
      repeated exposure to heat].

PMID- 680252
TI  - [Absorption of solutions of transition metal complexes and their effect on
      synthetic processes in rat small intestine].

PMID- 680253
TI  - [Catecholamine, DOPA and vanilmandelic acid excretion in healthy subjects and
      depression patients of presenile age].

PMID- 680255
TI  - [Seasonal changes in the sorption properties of the liver in several animals].

PMID- 680254
TI  - [Effect of different regimens of protein, protein-free and parenteral nitrogen
      nutrition on the dynamics of body weight and liver protein content in rats].

PMID- 680256
TI  - [Use of the adrenaline and pyrogenal tests to study leukocyte redistribution in
      normal rats and benzene poisoned rats].

PMID- 680258
TI  - [Effect of isoprenaline on energy consumption by fatigued isolated frog muscle].

PMID- 680257
TI  - [Effect of muscle activity on blood catecholamine concentrations in rats of
      different ages].

PMID- 680259
TI  - [Relationship between the blood clotting and fibrinolytic properties of muscle
      tissue and its work schedule].

PMID- 680260
TI  - [The meaning of nonlinear distortions in the internal ear for acoustic and
      ultrasonic stimuli].
AB  - A comparative study of nonlinear distortion of microphonic potentials in the
      rabbit cochlear at the air and bone conduction showed equal values for the air as
      well as for the within the ultrasonic frequency range did not exceed the hearing
      spectrum values. The hearing response to ultrasonic stimuli was found not to be
      due to formation of overtones of ower frequencies but to represent rather the
      direct cochlear response.

PMID- 680261
TI  - [Polyaxonal innervation of frog phasic muscle fibers].
AB  - A cholinesterase activity was revealed in two to four regions of each of the 120
      fibers isolated from the frog sartorius muscle, which suggests polysynaptic
      character of innervation of the phasic muscle fibers. Electrophysiological
      methods showed the participation of different axons in formation of synapses with
      a single fiber, as well as the existence of synapses with the correlation between
      EPP's amplitude and strength of stimulation. The data obtained show such EPPs to
      be connected with polyaxonal innervation of one region of a muscle fiber.

PMID- 680263
TI  - [Effect of selective vagotomy on the protein and amino acid composition of
      gastric juice].

PMID- 680262
TI  - [Adrenosensitivity of isolated rat organs after a change in their noradrenaline
      content].
AB  - The 30-day dynamics of noradrenaline contents after a single administration of
      guanitidine (50 mg/kg) was similar in the heart and small intestine but different
      in the vas deferens. The decrease of the noradrenaline content in the small
      intestine and vas deferens duct was followed by an increase of their
      adrenosensitivity, and the restoration of noradrenaline level--by a decrease of
      the adrenosensitivity, which reveals an invert relationship between these
      parameters (the correlation coefficient for small intestine being 0.78 and for
      vas deferens duct--0.61). The role of the catecholamine level near the
      adrenoreceptors in regulation of the adrenosensitivity of effectors is discussed.

PMID- 680264
TI  - [Physiologic properties of heparin--thromboplastin complex].
AB  - The complexes of heparin with components of tissue thromboplastine occurring in
      vivo and in vitro, reveal an anticoagulating and antipolymerizational effects as
      well as a nonfermentative fibrinolytic activity. The latter becomes obvious in
      presence of proteinase inhibitors. On i. v. administration, the complex increases
      the fibrinolytic and anticoagulating properties of the blood. Its nonfermentative
      fibrinolytic activity in the bloodstream lasts for 60--90 min.

PMID- 680265
TI  - [Importance of the "proximity effect" in recording intracardiac electrograms].
AB  - Intracardiac "local" electrograms were recorded and studied in 73 dogs. When
      unipolar macroelectrode (to 1 mm in diameter) approaches immediately the main
      conduction pathway the resistance between them disappears, the "proximity effect"
      takes place and simultaneously the quick and synchronous spread of the excitation
      wave through the corresponding preferential pathways may be recorded as a spike.
      Spike potential of the sinus node, atria of the bundle of His obvious during the
      "proximity effect"; in absence of the latter the above spikes are recorded as
      rudimentary spikes. The moment of the sinus impulse generation occurs in a form
      of a spike of this node which precedes by 10--30 msec the onset of P wave on the
      body surface ECG. The atrial depolarization appears in the intracardiac right
      atrium ECG in the form of a slow wave A and three superimposed spikes. Genesis of
      these spikes and the influence of the heart valves upon the amplitude of H
      potentials and atrial wave A, are discussed.

PMID- 680266
TI  - [Circulatory responses to adrenaline administration at rest, during physical
      loading and under anesthesia].
AB  - In chronic experiments, the effects of 0.5 and 2.5 mcg/kg/min adrenaline infusion
      on central hemodynamics of conscions and anesthetized dogs were studied.
      Circulatory reactions elicited by blood volume change and running on treadmill
      were compared before and during adrenaline infusion. In conscions dogs, infusion
      of 0.5 mcg/kg/min adrenaline increased cardiac output and central venous
      pressure, decreased systemic vascular resistance and pumping heart capacity,
      while mean arterial pressure and heart rate were unchanged. It did not change
      pumping heart capacity in anesthetized dogs. Infusion of 0.5 mcg/kg/min
      adrenaline did not change the tendency of hemodynamic reactions on hemorrhage and
      blood transfusion. Exercise during adrenaline infusion resulted in a more cardiac
      output increase and lesser heart rate increase than without adrenaline. Infusion
      of 2.5 mcg/kg/min adrenaline induced more significant increase of arterial
      pressure in conscions dogs than in anesthetized.

PMID- 680267
TI  - [Effect of phrenicotomy on extravagal diaphragmatic reflexes].
AB  - In experiments on decerebrated or anesthetized with nembutal and vagotomized cats
      responses of phrenic motoneurons were studied before and after bilateral
      phrenicotomy. The tracheal occlusion and changes of the lung and chest volumes
      were used as stimuli. Phrenicotomy did not eliminate the responses. As before the
      diaphragm denervation, tracheal occlusion evoked only a small shortening of
      inspiration, extending of the expiration and respiratory cycle, decreasing the
      amplitude of activity of the phrenic nerve. In response to lung inflation
      expiration was a little shortened. With lung deflation activity of phrenic
      motoneurons was not changed. Impulses of the diaphragm mechanoreceptors and
      excitatory intercostal-to-phrenic reflex from caudal intercostal proprioceptors
      had no significance in regulation of activity of phrenic motoneurons in response
      to tracheal occlusion and changes of the lung and chest volumes in decerebrated
      and anesthetized cats.

PMID- 680268
TI  - [Effect of the dynamic factor on the discharge frequency of high threshold
      pulmonary stretch receptors in cats].
AB  - The discharge frequency of high threshold pulmonary stretch receptor at the end
      of inspiration is much greater than at the corresponding lung volume under static
      conditions. During inspiratory phase the discharge frequency of some receptors
      (type IV) is created by dynamic factor by 90% ("rate" receptors). In static
      conditions the lowering of discharge frequency of most of the receptors under
      study makes 9--13% at 10s, though in some receptors (type III)--makes 28% at 10s.
      Properties of most of the pulmonary stretch receptors under study were changed
      with increasing of threshold. The frequency of discharges during inspiratory
      phase or lung inflation becomes lower, the influence of dynamic factor on
      receptor activity becomes relatively potent, the frequency of discharges vs lung
      volume ratio becomes different.

PMID- 680269
TI  - [Role of pneumotaxic centers in regulating the length of inspiration in
      decerebrate cats].
AB  - Off-switch of pneumotaxic centers (PTC) as well as vagotomy evoked an increment
      in tidal volume (VT) and inspiratory duration (TI) in quiet breathing. Increase
      of TI is more pronounced after off-switch of PTC. In such cats lung ventilation
      is diminished in result of decrease in sensitivity to chemoceptive stimuli. With
      increment of VT evoked by rebreathing after hyperventilatory apnoae TI at first
      were increased. Inspirations become apneustic with weak dependence on VT
      (diapason I). Then TI quickly diminished, inverse relationship between VT and TI
      was preserved (diapason II). TI reached its minimal values (diapason III).
      Inspiratory off-switch threshold and minimal TI were more increased after PTC
      lesion than after vagotomy. PTC and lung stretch receptors affected relationship
      between VT and TI synonymously, but PTC had a relatively greater importance in
      its determining.

PMID- 680270
TI  - [Neuronal activity of the submucous plexus of the pyloric and ileocecal
      sphincters].
AB  - In plexus of isolated segments of pyloric and ileo-caecal sphincters of the cat,
      three types of spontaneously active cells were revealed: 1) with single, 2) with
      fast, and 3) with slow burst type of discharges, as well as a group of silent
      neurons only responding to mechanical stimulation with electrode or application
      of acetylcholine. The data obtained indicated the qualitative unity of neuronal
      organization of submucous plexus along the alimentary canal, the neurons of the
      sphincters' plexus included. However, an increasing number of the silent cells
      and neurons with the single burst activity were revealed in the vicinity of
      mesenteric border and in the central belt of the segment which, probably,
      reflected the functional specifics of sphincters.

PMID- 680271
TI  - [Criteria for heat resistance and individual peculiarities].
AB  - In white rats, the body temperature recorded in the course of heat effect could
      not serve as an index of the heat resistance and its alteration in the course of
      adaptation in these animals. The adequate index of the rat heat resistance turned
      out to be the period of keeping the body temperature at a plateau level
      establishing within 30--70 min of the heat action, duration of the plateau
      significantly increasing in the course of heat adaptation. The individual
      peculiarities of the organism adaptability varied rather largely.

PMID- 680273
TI  - [Role of tissue glycolysis in combined exposure to hypercapnia, hypoxia and
      hypothermia].
AB  - The amount of metabolites of the glycolytic way of carbohydrates transformation
      and the enzymatic activity were studied in the tissues of brain, myocardium,
      liver, skeletal muscles, and the blood serum of rats subjected to cooling in
      conditions of gradually increasing concentrations of CO2 and decreasing
      concentrations of O2. Single as well as repeated actions of these factors
      entailed changes of the substrates under study and of some enzymatic activity
      which revealed a moderate intensification of the glycolysis within the general
      rearrangement of metabolism during adaptation to sharp hypoxia under the above
      conditions.

PMID- 680272
TI  - [Role of a decrease in the body's heat content on the thermoregulatory reaction
      of the vessels of the external ear].
AB  - At the constant ambient temperature 28--30 degrees C the rabbit ear vessels were
      dilated and their temperature was 34.8/0.1 degrees C. Administration of the 23-
      29 degrees water into the stomach entailed thermoregulatory constriction of the
      ear vessels within 15--25 min. The response occurred at various combinations of
      temperature changes in different parts of the body. The heat content of the
      rabbit body, as calculated by the blood temperature in the aorta arc, reduced by
      266.3 +/- 26.2 cal/kg at the beginning of the response. The decrease in the
      organism heat content seems to serve as a signal for occurrence of a
      corresponding thermoregulatory response.

PMID- 680274
TI  - [Effect of hydrocortisone on the resistance of cat cerebral cortex neurons to
      acute hypoxia].

PMID- 680275
TI  - [Microelectrode holder for recording the electrical activity of nerve structures
      in unsteady tissues].

PMID- 680276
TI  - [Device for recording pulmonary ventilation and respiratory mechanics in
      laboratory animals].

PMID- 680277
TI  - [Permeability of lymphatic vessels].

PMID- 680278
TI  - [Intestinal vascular reactions and motoricity during increasing stimulation of
      the peritoneum].

PMID- 680279
TI  - [Autonomic nerve firing and small intestinal motoricity following introduction of
      a sucrose solution into its lumen].
AB  - Changes in potentials and motility of the longitudinal and circular muscles of
      the small intestine, as well as the impulsation of afferent fibers of the
      mesenteric, splanchnic, and vagus nerves and the impulsation of sympathetic
      efferent fibers at the pre- and post-ganglionic levels during excitation of the
      mucosa by 1 M sucrose solution, were studied in acute experiments on cats.
      Intraluminal administration of sucrose increased the motility of both muscle
      layers as well as spike potential and firing rate of mesenteric afferents,
      decreased the firing rate of the left vagus afferents, and evoked a biphasic
      change of the firing rate of the left splanchnic afferents. The firing rate of
      sympathetic efferents increased.

PMID- 680280
TI  - [Proteolytic processes in rat brain and liver during adaptation to cold].
AB  - The autolysis and the neutral proteinase activity with respect to protamine in
      the brain and liver of rats were studied during cold adaptation, on the 1st, 3rd,
      7th, 15th, and 45th days in the cold chamber at 2--4 degrees C. A short cold
      effect (1--3 days) decreases the brain autolysis by 33%, the liver one by 18%.
      The activity of protamine-lytic peptide-hydrolase diminishes nearly by half both
      in the brain and in the liver. In cold-adapted rats (45 days) the autolysis
      increases by 50% in the brain and by 24% in the liver. The activity of neutral
      peptide-hydrolase remains lowered by 43% in the brain and by 36% in the liver.
      Thus, only autolytic processes are intensified in cold-adapted animals while the
      neutral peptide-hydrolase does not participate in the increasing protein
      catabolism in the brain and liver.

PMID- 680282
TI  - [Method of standardizing laboratory animal muscle stretch].

PMID- 680281
TI  - [Device for simultaneously recording the trajectory of cat forelimb movement and
      neuronal discharge].

PMID- 680283
TI  - [Asymmetric nature of a focus of maximal activity of transcallosal responses].
AB  - In immobilized cats, transcollosal (TCR) and direct cortical responses (DCR) from
      170 points of the motor cortex, were recorded. The TCR maximal activity focus
      (MAF) is shifted in relation to the point symmetrical to stimulation (PSS) in
      oral--caudal direction. Ablation of the cortex around the stimulating electrode
      is followed by disappearance of TCR in MAF and of PSS and DCR beyond the ablation
      limits. Ablation of PSS entails diminishing of TCR in MAF. Transection of the
      corpus callosum eliminates TCR  in MAF and PSS. The MAF shift seems to be due to
      a relatively strengthened convergence of several excitation flows in PSS, the
      flows spreading over the callosal fibers and intrahemisphere projections of both
      hemispheres.

PMID- 680284
TI  - [Responses of carp olfactory receptors to different classes of chemical
      substances].

PMID- 680285
TI  - [Excitability levels of the auditory fields of the cerebral cortex in the
      presence of different experimental effects].
AB  - The interrelationships of stimulation thresholds in the auditory cortical areas
      AI, AII, and Ep were studied in chronic experiments on cats. The linear
      correlation existed between the fluctuations of excitation levels of the auditory
      areas. The correlation coefficients could be changed by sound stimulation.
      Administration of amphetamine and aminazine as well as anodal polarization of the
      midbrain reticular formation revealed participation of the latter in establishing
      of the above interrelationships.

PMID- 680286
TI  - [Effect of static work on the baroreceptor reflex in cats].
AB  - 10 cats were trained to pull a weight for escaping a noxious stimulation.
      Arterial pressure and heart rate increased during isometric exercise, while
      cardiac output did not change. Artificial rising of the blood pressure by
      noradrenaline infusion or by short-lasting occlusion of thoracic aorta was used
      to test chronotropic component of the baroreceptor reflex. The baroflex
      bradycardia was partly inhibited during presentation of conditioned stimulus
      (tone 1000 Hz) and even more during isometric exercise. Mechanisms of the
      suppression of baroflex during muscular exercise are discussed.

PMID- 680287
TI  - [Analysis of the activity of fibers in an entire nerve trunk and a study of
      impulse frequency in sympathetic preganglionic fibers].
AB  - The firing rate in type "B" preganglionic sympathetic fibers during strong
      pressor reactions varied in different fibers from 0 to 80/sec. With an increase
      of the pressor reaction, the maximum of the density of frequency distribution
      shifts from 30--40 to 50--60/sec, previously "silent" fibers becoming involved.

PMID- 680288
TI  - [Hypothalamic mechanisms of regulating blood circulation in the coronary and
      brachial artery systems].
AB  - In anesthetized curarized cats effects of high frequency stimulation of anterior,
      ventromedial, and posterior hypothalamus on arterial blood pressure (ABP) and on
      perfusion pressure of the coronary and brachial arteries were studied. The
      stimulation induced vasoconstriction of coronary vessels and increased the ABP.
      In most experiments, especially in case of stimulation of anterior hypothalamus,
      simultaneously with increase of perfusion pressure of the coronary artery, a
      decrease of the brachial artery perfusion pressure was revealed. The mechanism of
      vasodilatation of the brachial artery seems to be related to a direct inhibition
      of the tonic activity of the vertebral branch of the ganglion stellatum. The
      descending influence of the hypothalamus in respect to the activity of the
      inferior cardiac nerve is mainly facilitatory. Mechanisms of neural control of
      the regional blood flow in coronary and brachial arteries are discussed.

PMID- 680289
TI  - [Analysis of mechanisms regulating the heart in extreme situations].
AB  - Parasympathetic influences on functional and structural condition of myocardium
      in the process of stress modelling and adrenaline action on the background of the
      blockade of M-cholinoreceptors, was studied in 124 white rats. The stress was
      caused by means of severe exteroceptive stimulation or immobilization. Adrenaline
      and stress conditions caused impairment of automatism, change of conduct rate in
      the heart muscle and of force of excitement, anisotropia of muscle fibers, and
      penetration into the heart muscle cells of fluorescine. The effects were
      accelerated by diminishing of parasympathetic influences. The immobilization
      stress increased parasympathetic cardiac reflexes.

PMID- 680291
TI  - [Pharmacologic analysis of the cholinergic vasodilation in unanesthetized
      animals].
AB  - Cholinergic vasodilatation evoked by hypothalamic stimulation in cats could be
      elicited by stimulation of both the emotional and mator areas of the brain.
      Tranquilizers affected the cholinergic vasodilatation in different ways:
      reserpine decreased, catapresan increased, while diazepam had no effect on
      amplitude of the cholinergic vasodilatation. The latter seems to be closely
      connected with activity of skeletal muscles but not with emotional reactions.
      Alpha--adrenergic structures of the c. n. s. are the activating mechanism of the
      central integration of cholinergic vasodilatation.

PMID- 680290
TI  - [Cardiovascular reactions to a change in the composition of cerebrospinal fluid].
AB  - In cats and dogs, cardiovascular responses were studied during stimulation of
      afferents, intraspinal pathways, after changes in composition of interneuronal
      media, 3rd ventricle's and spinal fluid. The longer hemodynamic responses as
      compared with the reflex and humoral those, preservation in conditions of spinal
      shock, their increased markedness together with weakening of the reflex
      regulation, their interrelationship with the reflex effects, their
      differentiation associated with the type of affecting drugs and with morpho
      functional features of the central mechanisms of regulation and, finally, their
      integration with the reflex and hemato-encephalic influences in determination of
      the final hemodynamic effect,--all these constituted the six revealed features.
      Possible controlling role of the fluid effects is discussed.

PMID- 680292
TI  - [Blood and cardiac cholinesterase activity in rats of different sexes and ages
      during muscle loading and hypokinesia].
AB  - The activity of acetylcholinesterase (Ache) and butyrilcholinesterase (Bche) in
      the blood and the heart of 3 and 13-month old control male rats is considerably
      lower than in female rats. In old rats (25 months) no sex differences in the Ache
      and Bche were revealed in the heart. In 3 and 13-month old male and female rats,
      under conditions of muscular exercises, the Ache and Bche activity is lower, and
      in hypokinetic male rats--higher than that in respective control animals. In all
      the rats, irrespective of sex, age and motor conditions, the Ache and Bche
      activity tended to decrease, in direction from the sino-atrial node to the heart
      apex.

PMID- 680294
TI  - [Spermatocrit as a method for determination of sperm count and volume (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 680293
TI  - [The effect of urea on the corneal stratum].

PMID- 680295
TI  - [A case of congenital hypotrichosis with hair abnormalities, scar-like changes of
      the scalp, corneal changes and a congenital heart defect].

PMID- 680296
TI  - [Value and method of the urease test in the differentiation of Trichophyton
      rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes].

PMID- 680297
TI  - [The treatment of capillary hemangiomas (author's transl)].

PMID- 680298
TI  - [Treatment of tinea manis and pedis due to dermatophytes by means of gricin
      tincture].

PMID- 680299
TI  - Severe erosive stomatitis and giant lymph node hyperplasia of retroperitoneum
      (Castleman's tumor).
AB  - A severe, extensive, erosive stomatitis developed in a 33-year-old Japanese man
      who had had intraperitoneal giant lymph node hyperplasia (Castleman's tumor) of
      the hyaline-vascular type. Histologically, there was a dense lymphoid cell
      infiltration in the dermis with invasion of the mucosal epithelium. It was
      hypothesized that an autoaggressive attack of lymphoid cells against the
      epithelium of the oral mucosa played a role in the pathogenesis of this erosive
      stomatitis and it was suggested that there might be a correlation between the
      occurrence of stomatitis and the presence of Castleman's tumor.

PMID- 680300
TI  - Trichilemmal cysts. Ultrastructural similarities to the trichilemmal sac.
AB  - Recently experienced cases of trichilemmal cysts were studied by light and
      electron microscopy. Although ultrastructural findings in the present case were
      basically consistent with those reported in the literature, they were in contrast
      to them in some important respects: (1) a few, oval and small-sized keratohyalin
      and a large number of membrane-coating granules were observed in the cytoplasm of
      keratinizing cells beneath the keratinized cells and (2) the junctional structure
      between the keratinized cells and the keratinizing cells beneath them showed
      interdigitation. From these findings, it is shown that trichilemmal cysts have
      close similarities to and might be derived from the trichilemmal sac surrounding
      the lower end of the catagen or telogen hair.

PMID- 680301
TI  - [Treatment of lichen planus mucosae with vitamin A acid derivatives].
AB  - 27 patients with lichen planus mucosae or erosive lichen planus mucosae were
      treated with two vitamin A acid derivatives, 13-cis-retinoic acid or an aroumatic
      retinoid. 20 patients were definitively improved or healed. The treatment was
      especially effective in erosive lesions of the oral mucous membrane. Side-effects
      of this treatment are pointed out.

PMID- 680302
TI  - Oral contraceptives and their influence on porphyrin concentrations in
      erythrocytes and urine.
AB  - In 15 females who have never before taken oral contraceptives, the porphyrin
      concentration in erythrocytes and in urine were investigated. The laboratory
      assays were performed before and after being on the oral contraceptive Stediril
      during 5 months (2 women took Stediril during only 3 months). The mean PP
      concentration in the erythrocytes increased from 16.4 microgram (before) to 24.1
      microgram/100 ml of erythrocytes after taking Stediril regularly for 5 months. A
      statistical evaluation with the Student's test showed that at the level of 2%,
      the t(exp) = 2.58 was larger than the theoretical t(0.02) = 2.47. The difference
      of the mean CP concentration in the erythrocytes before and after taking Stediril
      was not statistically significant at the level of 5%. The mean concentration of
      CP in urine increased from 119.2 to 137.1 microgram in 1,000 ml. This difference
      was, however, not statistically significant at the level of 5% when assayed with
      the same test. There was no increase in UP concentration in urine.

PMID- 680303
TI  - [Experience with the photochemotherapy of psoriasis in Lausanne (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The results of photochemotherapy of psoriasis with oral 8-methoxypsoralen and
      long-wave ultraviolet light reported here are comparable to those observed in
      other centers using the same method of treatment. An average of 17-20 treatments
      was required to obtain clearing; 99-100% clearing was obtained in nearly 90% of
      the treated patients.

PMID- 680304
TI  - Differential effect on seasonal variation on lymphoid tissue of the lizard,
      Chalcides ocellatus.

PMID- 680305
TI  - Hemagglutinin responses of chickens, Japanese quail and chukars to xenogenic red
      blood cell antigens.

PMID- 680306
TI  - Lymphoid tissues of "lethargic" mice.

PMID- 680307
TI  - Age related decline in cytoplasmic spreading of mouse peritoneal macrophages.

PMID- 680308
TI  - Hypersensitivity and desensitization in the sea cucumber, Holothuria cinerascens.

PMID- 680309
TI  - Plasma insulin response to arginine stimulation in children and adolescents with
      constitutional short stature according to sex, age, sexual development and
      skinfold thickness.
AB  - The plasma insulin response to a standard arginine stimulation test was studied
      in 247 children and adolescents (177 males and 70 females) with constitutional
      growth retardation as compared with the response obtained in a matched group of
      42 normal subjects and a group of 57 obese subjects. When the insulin response
      was related to pubertal ratings in the children and adolescents with growth
      retardation, it was found that the mean fasting levels and mean peak response
      both rose with the progression of puberty. This tendency was more pronounced in
      the females. When the insulin response was related to the degree of adiposity as
      measured by the degree of subscapular skinfold thickness, it was found that the
      greater the adiposity, the greater was the mean response, with the females
      showing higher levels than the males in each group. Even when the response in the
      two sexes was compared in subjects of a similar age and skinfold thickness, the
      females had a higher mean peak insulin response than did the males.

PMID- 680310
TI  - [Idiopathic hemochromatosis linkage with the HLA system (author's transl)].
AB  - Fourteen selected families containing two or more subjects suffering from
      idiopathic hemochromatosis and 34 unrelated cases have been studied for their HLA
      markers. A 3 was present in 75% of the unrelated cases vs 26% in the normal
      population (p less than 10(-8)). The frequencies of B 7 (38% vs 19%) and B 14
      (23% vs 9%) were also increased (p lessthan 0,05). Inevitably, in most cases both
      antigens in the B locus were associated with A 3. Seven of nine affected sib
      pairs shared both HLA haplotypes, while two shared only one. Significant
      association between HLA haplotypes and diseases segregation has been demonstrated
      in family studies. These facts are consistent with the recessive inheritance of a
      strongly A 3 linked "disease" gene responsible for abnormal iron stores in the
      heterozygote state. This hypothesis would account for 64% of our present cases.
      Most of discordances (26%) were females who are physiologically protected, or
      children under 17 who might later develop the disease. The remaining 10% of
      disordant cases could be explained by crossing-over between "disease" gene and
      HLA loci or by an heterogeneity of the disease. This provides a method for
      screening for high risk subjects and perhaps an opportunity for anticipatory
      prevention.

PMID- 680311
TI  - Health behaviour and its determinants among insulin-dependent diabetics. Results
      of the diabetes Warsaw study.
AB  - Health behaviour of a group of insulin-dependent diabetics and some factors
      influencing it have been described and analyzed. Aspects of health behaviour
      measured were: adherence to diet, insulin injection technique, urine self-testing
      and the pattern of action adopted in response to hypo- and hyperglycemia. Data
      were collected in 1975, from 170 insulin-dependent diabetics, aged 18-41, with
      known diabetes of from 6 months to 12 years duration. A standard questionnaire
      included items on health behaviour, knowledge of the disease and other factors.
      Of the subjects studied only 40% stated that they adhered to diet prescription.
      Occasional insulin injections were missed by 15%. Half the patients restricted
      diet or increased insulin dose in hyperglycemia but only 18% regularly tested
      urine for sugar. An important determinant of health behaviour was the level of
      understanding of the disease, which was found to be low among 58%. The present
      health education system for diabetic patients in Poland is discussed.

PMID- 680312
TI  - [Synthetic sweetening agents: current controversy].

PMID- 680313
TI  - Absence of true pancreatic glucagon but persistence of circulating pancreatic
      glucagon-like immunoreactivity after pancreatectomy in pigs.
AB  - The possible existence of circulating pancreatic type glucagon (immunoreactive
      glucagon as measured with a highly specific antibody) of extrapancreatic origin
      was investigated in 20-25 kg pigs after pancreatectomy. In intact conscious
      animals intravenous arginine infusions stimulated glucagon as well as insulin
      secretion, while blood glucose remained unaffected. Two weeks after
      pancreatectomy, and 48 hours after insulin withdrawal, basal glucagon and glucose
      concentrations were elevated (from 22 +/- 3.7 to 55 +/- 9.5 pmol/1 and 5.8 +/-
      0.4 to 16.2 +/- 2.0 mmol/l, respectively), (mean +/- SEM), while insulin
      concentrations were either undetectable or very low. After pancreatectomy,
      however, glucagon concentrations no longer increased during arginine infusion.
      Gut type glucagon levels were not affected by pancreatectomy, and did not change
      during arginine infusion. When examined by gel filtration, plasma from unoperated
      pigs contained two components of pancreatic type glucagon, one coeluting with the
      glucagon marker, the other eluting earlier, probably reflecting larger molecular
      size. After pancreatectomy only this larger component was found in the plasma.
      The role of this component in the control of blood glucose is unknown.

PMID- 680315
TI  - [Adipose tissue cellularity and skinfold thickness of the deltoid and
      retrotrochanteric areas in obese women (author's transl)].
AB  - 301 women, 261 of them obese, were the subject of an anthropometric study of
      brachial and femoral adipomuscular ratio, adipocytometry in the deltoid and retro
      trochanteric areas and oral glucose tolerance. Deltoid adipocyte volume was
      highly correlated (p less than 0,001) with total fat deposition in this area,
      while no such relationship was found in the retrotrochanteric area. In obese
      women with chemical or overt diabetes, deltoid adipose cells were significantly
      larger than those of non-diabetic obese women. This, however, was not the case
      for retro-trochanteric adipose cells.

PMID- 680314
TI  - Partial lipodystrophy and insulin-resistant diabetes.
AB  - The coexistence of partial lipodystrophy of unusual distribution (limbs, back and
      head) with insulin-resistant diabetes and severe retinal, renal, neurological and
      arterial complications is reported. The lipodystrophy followed juvenile arthritis
      (Still's disease) and the diabetes, initially asymptomatic, became insulin
      dependent and technically insulin resistant (200 - 300 units insulin/day). Severe
      hyperlipidaemia has been a feature of this syndrome, probably contributing to the
      conspicuous peripheral arterial disease. The mother was diabetic but three
      sisters had normal glucose tolerance and there is no lipodystrophic member of the
      family. Underlying mechanisms of this syndrome remain obscure.

PMID- 680316
TI  - Evaluation of oral glucose tolerance test results in pregnancy.
AB  - Oral glucose tolerance and insulin response to glucose were analysed in 124
      pregnant women during the fourth quartile of pregnancy. Employing different
      criteria for the detection of glucose intolerance, 9% to 21% of women were
      abnormal, and using the H index 43% would have been declared "diabetic". There
      was no evidence of a progressive change in the glucose curve detectable by the H
      index within the fourth quartile of pregnancy. There was no association between
      actual or potential fetal morbidity and any of the interpretative criteria
      employed. It is concluded that the oral glucose tolerance test should be
      interpreted with caution if non-pregnant criteria of abnormality are employed.

PMID- 680317
TI  - [Genital tuberculosis and sterility].

PMID- 680319
TI  - Three villages.

PMID- 680318
TI  - [Asymptomatic cases of gonorrhea and syphilis in 2 family planning clinics in the
      Paris Region].

PMID- 680320
TI  - India: aftermath of emergency.

PMID- 680321
TI  - Effects of proximal unconditioned stimulus preexposure on ingestional aversions
      learned as a result of taste presentation following drug treatment.

PMID- 680322
TI  - Classical conditioning of the rabbit nictitating membrane response: effects of
      reinforcement schedule on response maintenance and resistance to extinction.

PMID- 680323
TI  - Visual cliff performance in 10 species of muroid rodents.

PMID- 680324
TI  - [Clinical observations on the pregnant cases in our infertility clinic (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 680325
TI  - [Clinical analysis on the pregnant cases in our infertility clinic (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 680326
TI  - [The study on the temperature of scrotal skin surface of male infertile patients
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 680327
TI  - [Autoantibodies to ovarian antigens in infertile women (author's transl)].

PMID- 680328
TI  - [The influence of low dose prostaglandin E1 and indomethacin on the response of
      isolated human oviducts to field stimulation (author's transl)].

PMID- 680329
TI  - [Comparative study of preoperative hysterosalpingogram of tubal obstruction and
      histopathological findings (author's transl)].

PMID- 680330
TI  - [Studies on the tubal infertility; mainly of the tuboplasty (author's transl)].

PMID- 680331
TI  - [Blood lipids during treatment with oral contraceptives].

PMID- 680332
TI  - [Prolactin and ovarian function. Synthetic review and clinico-experimental
      research on an antiprolactin antiserotonin agent].

PMID- 680333
TI  - Non-surgical transfer of deep-frozen bovine embryos.

PMID- 680334
TI  - Non-surgical embryo transfer in the cow.

PMID- 680335
TI  - Interaction of arginine vasotocin and norepinephrine upon pineal indoleamine
      synthesis in vitro.
AB  - The interaction of arginine vasotocin (AVT) and norepinephrine (NE) upon pineal
      gland indoleamine synthesis was investigated. Rat pineal glands were incubated
      for 10 h in Krebs--Ringer bicarbonate plus 2 mg/ml glucose, 1 mg/ml bovine serum
      albumin, [14C]tryptophan, NE (10(-6) M), and log doses of AVT ranging from 100 ng
      to 10 microgram. Incubation media were extracted for [14C]serotonin while the
      other [14C]indoleamines, melatonin, hydroxyindoleacetic acid (HIAA),
      methoxyindoleacetic acid (MIAA), N-acetylserotonin (NAS), hydroxytryptophol
      (HTOL), and methoxytryptophol (MTOH) were separated by thin-layer chromatography.
      Serotonin metabolism was decreased by 0.1 microgram AVT and NAS decreased by 1.0
      microgram AVT. Melatonin synthesis was decreased by both 0.1 and 1.0 microgram
      AVT. AVT also decreased the conversion of [14C]serotonin to MIAA and to HTOL. The
      data indicates that AVT decreased NE-stimulated pineal indoleamine synthesis in
      vitro and further suggests that AVT may participate in the intracellular
      regulation of melatonin synthesis.

PMID- 680336
TI  - Effect of replacement of extracellular sodium ions and of D-600 on the activation
      by adrenalin of adenylate cyclase in intact pigeon erythrocytes.
AB  - The effect of replacement of extracellular Na+ by Li+, choline K+ or sucrose on
      cyclic AMP formation in pigeon erythrocytes has been investigated. Replacement of
      extracellular Na+ by Li+, choline or sucrose but not by K+ inhibited the
      stimulation by adrenalin of cyclic AMP formation, but had no detectable effect on
      cyclic AMP content in the absence of adrenalin. This inhibition was observed in
      the presence or absence of extracellular Ca2+. The relative inhibition caused by
      Na+ removal decreased with increasing adrenalin concentration. It was concluded
      that extracellular Na+ or K+ ions were required for maximal activation of
      adenylate cyclase by low concentrations of adrenalin, and that this effect of
      monovalent cations may have been due to an effect on the affinity of the receptor
      for adrenalin. The verapamil derivative D-600 also inhibited the stimulation by
      adrenalin of cyclic AMP formation. This effect occurred in the absence of
      extracellular Ca2+ and hence seemed to be unrelated to the inhibition by C-600 of
      the slow Ca2+ channel in electrically excitable tissues.

PMID- 680338
TI  - Chronic administration of pentagastrin: effect on gastric mucosal protein
      synthesis in rats.
AB  - Groups of adult rats were injected with either saline or pentagastrin (500
      microgramg/kg) for 14 days. The capacity of the gastric mucosal ribosomes to
      synthesize endogenous and exogenous mRNA-directed protein in a cell-free system
      was then investigated. Polyribosomal profiles were also analysed on sucrose
      gradients. The endogenous mRNA-directed incorporation of 14C-labelled amino acids
      into protein by the gastric mucosal ribosomes from the pentagrastrin-injected
      rats was found to be considerably greater than that of the control. In the
      presence of exogenous mRNA (poly-U) the polyribosomes as well as the endogenous
      mRNA-free ribosomes (run-off ribosomes) from the pentagastrin-treated group
      showed 86% and 136% increment in [14C]-phenylalanie incorporation as compared to
      the corresponding control preparation. The ribosomal ribonuclease activity
      between the groups was found to be the same. The results of the present
      investigation indicate that an enhancement in the translational capacity of the
      ribosomes is in part responsible for stimulation of gastric mucosal protein
      synthesis after chronic administration of pentagastrin.

PMID- 680337
TI  - Biological and immunological characterization of human luteinizing hormone: IV.
      Biological and immunological profile of two international reference preparations
      after electrofocusing.
AB  - The first IRP of Human Pituitary Gonadotrophins (FSH/LH) for bioassay (69/104)
      and the 1st IRP of Human Pituitary Luteinizing Hormone (LH) for immunoassay
      (68/40) were fractionated by an electrofocusing technique in a sucrose density
      gradient and the profile of biological and immunological activities was
      determined. The partially purified LH preparation (69/104) gave a broad pattern
      of biolgical and immunological activities which extended from pH 4 to 10. The
      biological : immunological (B/I) ratio of the various fractions (using the 68/40
      preparation as standard) ranged from 0.04 to 1.05. The low B/I ratios indicate
      the presence of high levels of immunologically active, biologically inactive
      material in this preparation. In contrast to the behaviour of the 69/104
      preparation, the major proportion (88%) of the biological activity recovered
      after electrofocusing of the highly purified LH preparation (68/40) was found
      within the pH range 7--9, with B/I ratios (again using as standard the 68/40
      preparation) ranging from 0.4 to 1.5. Multiple dose parallel line design
      radioimmunoassays revealed a lack of parallelism between the 69/104 and 68/40
      International Reference Preparations. This was attributed to the presence of
      acidic material in the former preparation, which is practically absent from the
      latter. The biological LH profiles of both the 69/104 and 68/40 preparations
      differed from those previously reported for aqueous extracts of pituitaries. It
      is concluded that the dissimilarity in the electrofocusing profiles of the
      biological and immunological activities of the 69/104 preparation renders this
      preparation unsuitable as a reference preparation for the quantitation of
      biologically active LH by radioimmunoassay methods. Using the same criteria, the
      68/40 preparation would appear to be a more suitable standard.

PMID- 680339
TI  - Studies on the binding of the estradiol-receptor complex to rat DNA fragments.
AB  - The activation by estradiol of a series of reactions in hormone target tissues
      provides a model for the study of gene regulation in eukaryotic cells. We have
      examined the interaction of the estradiol--receptor complex with the various
      frequency classes of rat DNA to determine whether specificity can be detected at
      this level of chromosome organization. Interaction of the 8S estradiol--receptor
      complex with DNA was assayed by a change in the sedimentation rate of the
      complex. The receptor was found to bind to high molecular weight rat DNA as well
      as to 450 nucleotide long fragments of rat DNA. When the sheared DNA was
      separated by denaturation and reassociation into three frequency classes, the
      unique and moderately repeated sequences bound the receptor almost as effectively
      as the total sheared DNA. The resulting DNA--receptor complexes were sensitive to
      pancreatic DNAase. The highly repeated class of sequences bound the receptor less
      effectively than the other fractions. This did not result from the presence in
      this fraction of an inhibitor of binding, since addition of unique DNA fragments
      resulted in formation of a normal DNA--receptor complex. Nor was nuclease
      activity responsible since intact DNA could be isolated from the incubation
      mixture. An increase in length of the highly repeated DNA to 800 nucleotide long
      fragments caused them to bind the receptor almost as effectively as the other DNA
      fractions. These studies suggest that there may be sequences in eukaryotic DNA
      that preferentially bind the estradiol--receptor complex.

PMID- 680340
TI  - High-affinity binding of the antiestrogen [3H]tamoxifen to the 8S estradiol
      receptor.
AB  - The interaction of tamoxifen (ICI 46,474), a synthetic antiestrogen, with uterine
      cytosol proteins of immature calf and rat has been studied directly using the
      tritiated compound labeled with a high specific activity. The binding complexes
      were measured by the dextrancoated charcoal, protamine sulfate and hydroxyapatite
      assays. Scatchard plots revealed a single class of high-affinity (KD congruent to
      1.7 nM) binding sites, with a binding capacity similar to that of estradiol.
      Competitive experiments showed the same binding specificity for estrogens and
      antiestrogens. Sucrose gradient analysis revealed an 8S binding protein which
      could be partially proteolysed by trypsin into a 4S binding protein. Kinetic
      studies showed that the association rate of tamoxifen was 5 times lower than that
      of estradiol and reacted according to a second order kinetics. The first-order
      kinetics of dissociation was considerably higher than that of estradiol, giving a
      half-dissociation time of 20--40 min at 0--2 degrees C. In some cases tamoxifen
      displayed two slopes of dissociation, but the proportion of the slow-dissociating
      complex was always inferior to that found with estradiol. In contrast to
      estradiol, the kinetic constants ratio (k-/k+) gave a calculated dissociation
      constant, similar to that determined in equilibrium conditions (KD), agreeing
      with a simple reactional scheme. We conclude that the antiestrogen tamoxifen
      binds directly to the 8S cytosol receptor for estrogens and not to another
      receptor for the antagonists. In contrast to estradiol, the antagonist is rapidly
      dissociated from the receptor sites and is unable to protect them against thermal
      inactivation. The affinity of tamoxifen for its receptor sites as determined
      directly is surprisingly high when compared to its affinity evaluated indirectly
      by competitive experiments. It is then suggested that the two ligands either bind
      on two different sites of the same protein or induce a different conformational
      change of the same binding site.

PMID- 680341
TI  - Accumulation of carnitine in rat epididymis after injection of [3H]butyrobetaine
      in vivo: quantitative aspects, and the effects of androgens and antiandrogens.
AB  - After i.m. injection of [3H]butyrobetaine into intact and castrated rats, the
      specific activity of plasma carnitine remained nearly constant over 24--96 h and
      epididymal uptake of carnitine was constant per unit time up to 72 h. The uptake
      ratio of intact to castrated rats was high at 48, 72 and 96 h after injection.
      Administration of estradiol valerate over 20 days reduced carnitine uptake in
      epididymis. This reduction was dose-dependent when estrogen was administered i.m.
      at 0.33--10 microgram/day levels. A maximum reduction of 90% was obtained with
      the 10 microgram dose. A dose increase from 33 to 100 microgram/day caused no
      further reduction. Norspiroxenone (2--10 mg/day) and SK 7670 (1.5 and 7.5 mg/day)
      were less effective than estradiol valerate (10 microgram/day) in suppressing
      carnitine uptake in epididymis. Epididymal carnitine uptake in estradiol valerate
      treated rats (33 microgram/day for 20 days) increased in a time- and dose
      dependent manner under testosterone propionate treatment (50, 250, 1250
      microgram/day). Carnitine uptake increased to 80% of the nonsuppressed levels
      when testosterone propionate was adminsitered over a 6-day period at 1250
      microgram/day. Dihydrotestosterone increased epididymal carnitine uptake to the
      same extent as testosterone propionate. delta4-androstene-3,17-dione and 5alpha
      androstane-3alpha,17beta-diol (50 microgram/day) were less effective, stimulating
      uptake to only 15% and 40% respectively of the testosterone propionate (250
      microgram/day) stimulated levels. Changes in epididymal carnitine uptake evoked
      by various experimental procedures were closely paralleled by weight changes in
      the ventral prostate. This response resemblance indicates a similarity between
      the androgen sensitivity of the prostate gland and that of the carnitine uptake
      system in epididymis. The dose-dependent effect of estrogen on the accumulation
      of epididymal carnitine, together with the marked responses induced in this
      system by manipulation of its androgen status, support a possible use for the
      system as an assay for androgen or antiandrogen potency in vivo.

PMID- 680342
TI  - Purification and characterization of a juvenile hormone binding protein from the
      hemolymph of the fourth instar tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta.
AB  - A protein which binds the insect juvenile hormone has been isolated from the
      hemolymph of the fourth instar tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta (Lepidoptera).
      Bioassay and chemical characterization of the bound ligand from the purified
      binding protein indicates that this molecule is the primary macromolecule
      responsible for juvenile hormone transport in the hemolymph of this insect. The
      juvenile hormone binding protein has been purified using gel filtration, ion
      exchange chromatography and preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The
      protein is a single polypeptide chain of about 28,000 daltons with a
      sedimentation coefficient of 2.2S and an isoelectric point of 5.0. Binding
      analysis using a hydroxyapatite batch assay indicates that the juvenile hormone
      binding protein has one binding site with a Ka of 1.2 times 10(7) M-1 at 4
      degrees C.

PMID- 680343
TI  - Neutrophic and hepatotrophic stimulation of proliferation of embryonic chick
      muscle cells in vitro: assay and partial characterization of mitogenic activity
      in chick embryonic organ and tissue extracts.

PMID- 680344
TI  - Colonial development in Pandorina morum. I. Structure and composition of the
      extracellular matrix.

PMID- 680345
TI  - Colonial development in Pandorina morum. II. Colony morphogenesis and formation
      of the extracellular matrix.

PMID- 680346
TI  - Developmentally regulated lectins from chick muscle, brain, and liver have
      similar chemical and immunological properties.

PMID- 680347
TI  - Fertilization in inhibited in five diverse animal phyla by erythrosin B.

PMID- 680348
TI  - Satellite cells and myofiber growth in the rat soleus and extensor digitorum
      longus muscles.

PMID- 680349
TI  - Development of secretory activity in serous cells of the rat tongue. Cytological
      differentiation and accumulation of lingual lipase.

PMID- 680350
TI  - Development of secretagogue response in rat pancreatic acinar cells.

PMID- 680351
TI  - Permeability of gap junctions between embryonic cells of Fundulus: a
      reevaluation.

PMID- 680352
TI  - Changes in transcription patterns during early development of the sea urchin.

PMID- 680353
TI  - Ultrastructural and cytochemical aspects of spermiogenesis in Hydra hymanae, with
      reference to factors involved in sperm head shaping.

PMID- 680354
TI  - Fusion of tissue masses in embryogenesis. A scanning electron microscope and
      transmission electron microscope study of funnel development in the squid Loligo
      pealei.

PMID- 680355
TI  - Neural and hormonal stimulation of DNA and protein synthesis in cultured
      regeneration blastemata in the newt Notophthalmus viridescens.

PMID- 680356
TI  - Choline acetyl transferase activity in chick embryo neuroretinas during
      development in ovo and in monolayer cultures.

PMID- 680357
TI  - Interconversion of mouse adult hemoglobin and a neonatal spleen fast hemoglobin
      band.

PMID- 680358
TI  - Brain cell surface antigens on embryonal carcinoma cells.

PMID- 680359
TI  - Developmental potential of LT/Sv parthenotes derived from oocytes matured in vivo
      and in vitro.

PMID- 680360
TI  - The pattern of cell division in the early development of the sea urchin.
      Paracentrotus lividus.

PMID- 680362
TI  - The cell cycle and transplantation of blastula nuclei in Bombina orientalis.

PMID- 680361
TI  - The specification of feather and scale protein synthesis in epidermal-dermal
      recombinations.

PMID- 680363
TI  - Developmental capacities of Xenopus eggs, provided with erythrocyte or
      erythroblast nuclei from adults.

PMID- 680364
TI  - The relationship of cell division to the acquisition of adrenergic
      characteristics by developing sympathetic ganglion cell precursors.

PMID- 680365
TI  - Cytochemical and biochemical studies on the differentiation of microperoxisomes
      in the small intestine of the fetal mouse.

PMID- 680366
TI  - The differential regulation of the synthesis of ribosomal RNA, 5 S RNA, and 4 S
      RNA in the polytenic salivary gland cells of the blowfly, Calliphora
      erythrocephala.

PMID- 680367
TI  - Isolation and cell-free translation of chick lens crystallin mRNA during normal
      development and transdifferentiation of neural retina.

PMID- 680368
TI  - Sequence complexity and tissue distribution of chick lens crystallin mRNAs.

PMID- 680369
TI  - In vitro development of early postimplantation rat embryos.

PMID- 680370
TI  - Histones of sea urchin embryos. Transients in transcription, translation, and the
      composition of chromatin.

PMID- 680371
TI  - Timed appearance of a calcium-binding protein containing gamma-carboxyglutamic
      acid in developing chick bone.

PMID- 680372
TI  - Enolase isoenzymes as markers of differentiation in teratocarcinoma cells and
      normal tissues of mouse.

PMID- 680373
TI  - The acrosome reaction of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus sperm. Ion requirements
      and movements.

PMID- 680374
TI  - Template-engaged and free RNA polymerases during Xenopus erythroid cell
      maturation.

PMID- 680375
TI  - In vitro myogenesis of the mononucleate cells derived from regenerating muscles
      of adult dystrophic mice.

PMID- 680376
TI  - Local anesthetics and phenothiazine tranquilizers induce parthenogenetic
      activation of the mouse oocyte.

PMID- 680377
TI  - Transdetermination of Drosophila imaginal discs cultured in vitro.

PMID- 680378
TI  - Cholinergic nerve development in fetal lung.

PMID- 680379
TI  - Developmental analysis of lethal effects of homozygosity for the c25H deletion in
      the mouse.

PMID- 680380
TI  - Joint WHO/IABS symposium on the standardization of rabies vaccines for human use
      produced in tissue culture [rabies III].

PMID- 680381
TI  - [Preventive rabies vaccination using vaccine prepared from human diploid cells].
AB  - 228 persons have been previously vaccinated with inactivated human rabies vaccine
      Merieux (HDC). They received three injections of 1 ml by the deep subcutaneous
      route with a one month interval. The vaccination is completed with a booster of 1
      ml one year later. Serum samples for antibody titration are taken just at the
      time of each injection and also 21 days after the third injection and after the
      booster. Antibody titration is performed using two different methods:
      seroneutralization by intracerebral inoculation in mice and focus fluorescent
      inhibition test. Both methods give similar results. The antibody levels with this
      vaccine are very high and the average titers are about 1/511 at the day 28 (14,27
      I.U./ml), 1/1.558 at the day 56 (59,15 I.U./ml), 1/2.783 at the day 77 (75,09
      I.U./ml). In comparison with suckling mouse brain vaccine we obtain titres five
      times higher with the vaccine HDC (titer 21 days after complete vaccination). The
      titres are 1/1.109 for HDC vaccine and 1/225 for suckling mouse vaccine. The
      incidence of second reactions after the different injections is about 27%. They
      resulted essentially in light pain (21%), redness (17%) and light induration
      (10%) at the site of the injection during 24 to 48 hours. Fever was observed in
      less of 1% of cases and no one other general reaction was described.

PMID- 680382
TI  - Human rabies immunoprophylaxis using HDC (MRC-5) vaccine.
AB  - In a field trial 181 high risk persons of both sexes between ages of 2--71 years
      were prophylactically vaccinated against rabies with the beta-propiolactone
      inactivated rabies-vaccine (hdc) mrc-5. 1 ml of vaccine was administered
      intramuscularly on days 0, 7 and 21. Serum samples were collected on days 0, 7,
      21 and 35.  Neutralizing antibody titers against the rabies virus were determined
      in the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test, 7 days after the first injection
      measurable titers of antibodies were found in all sera with one exception. On day
      21 all persons showed a 100% seroconversion with a mean titer of 1:1000 (8,3
      IU/ml). On day 35 the final mean titer measured 1:2400 (20 IU/ml). Major side
      effects during the prophylactic vaccination were not observed.

PMID- 680383
TI  - The continuing imperatives of diversity of rabies vaccine.
AB  - Current preoccupation with and enthusiasm for the human diploid cell rabies
      vaccine are reminiscent of the advent of duck embryo vaccine (DEV) a quarter of a
      century ago. Development of the latter vaccine, considered both potent and
      entirely safe at the time, had the effect of paralyzing development of other
      vaccines, at least in the United States. Subsequent experience has demonstrated
      the DEV is neither potent nor entirely safe, although its use is not attended by
      the trepidation that accompanied the use of older vaccines. Availability in the
      USA of only one vaccine licensed for human use has created a hardship on both
      patients and physicians in as much as a large percentage of vaccinated persons
      suffer side effects of various degrees that pose problems for continuation of
      treatment. Experience has shown that most of those problems can be resolved by
      simple substitution of vaccine of another kind. Data obtained thus far indicate
      the marked superiority of diploid cell vaccine over DEV in several respects but
      it is not yet evident that it is completely free of allergen. Moreover, purified
      preparations of antigenic fractions have been obtained, and other vaccines have
      been shown to benefit, in apparent potency, from their capability of eliciting
      interferon formation. Economic considerations cannot be overlooked, and the
      advantage, in this respect, of suckling mouse brain vaccine in some areas of
      greatest need is evident.

PMID- 680384
TI  - Studies with human diploid cell strain rabies vaccine and human antirabies
      immunoglobulin in man.
AB  - Seventy healthy veterinary students with no previous history of rabies
      vaccination were inoculated either with human rabies immune globulin (HRIG)
      alone, human diploid cell strain (HDCS) vaccine alone, or combinations of both.
      HRIG, prepared either at the Lister Institute or by Cutter Laboratories, was
      inoculated (20 i.u./kg) on day 0, vaccine was inoculated on days 0, 3, 7 and 14
      either in 0.1 ml doses intradermally (i.d.) or in 1.0 ml doses intramuscularly
      (i.m.). Neutralizing antibodies were measured by the mouse neutralization test on
      samples taken from each group of 10 volunteers on days 0, 1, 2, 3, 7, 10, 14, 21,
      30, 50 and 90. The treatments were well tolerated and no serious reactions were
      seen. Antibody estimations, as yet incomplete, indicate that in those subjects
      receiving HRIG alone, low levels of antibody were detectable in most but not all
      cases after 24 hours; peak titres (0.16 i.u./ml : 1 in 7.2) were observed on days
      2 and 3 and became undetectable after 30 days. Most subjects receiving vaccine
      and HRIG also had detectable antibody at 24 hours and all had antibody by 48
      hours. Peak titres (GM +/- 18 i.u./ml) were recorded at 21 to 30 days. The
      response to vaccine administered by either route does not appear so far to be
      markedly suppressed by HRIG.

PMID- 680385
TI  - Human rabies globulin and human diploid vaccine dose determinations.
AB  - Veterinary students were injected with either human rabies immune globulin and
      human diploid rabies vaccine, or with human diploid vaccine alone. All those
      students who received three or more doses of the vaccine developed high levels of
      neutralizing antibodies by the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (RFFIT).
      The levels of early antibody in the students receiving the combination of
      globulin and vaccine depended very much on the dose of globulin. The neutralizing
      antibody levels in the sera of students who received 12 IU/kg were low 48 hours
      after the globulin injection: 6 of the 25 students receiving this dose were found
      to have no antibody, and eight were found to have titers between 1:6 and 1:10.
      When the globulin dose of 20 or 30 IU/kg was administered all students had early
      titers of 1:11 or above and all students subsequently developed high levels of
      antibody.

PMID- 680386
TI  - Serovaccination by human immune globulin and HDCS-vaccine against rabies.
AB  - A serological study was performed in 16 volunteer subjects and 3 patients to
      determine the active antibody response after vaccination with HDCS vaccine alone
      and in conjunction with rabies immunglobulin of human origin (RIGH). When
      heterologous antiserum from horse or mule and any rabies vaccine is used for
      passive-active immunization, a pronounced interfering effect is observed,
      depending upon the relative concentrations of preformed rabies antibodies given
      and rabies virus antigen of the vaccines. When 20 IU/kg bwt of RIGH were applied
      simultaneously with vaccine on day 0 followed by a full series of post-exposure
      anti-rabies treatment, i.e. 6 doses of vaccine at days 0, 3, 7, 14, 30 and 90, no
      interference phenomenon was observed, as indicated by an additive effect between
      passive antibody and actively produced antibody. This was reflected by the
      observed increase of rabies antibody titre on day 7 post-vaccination and could be
      demonstrated in three different assays (MNT, CFT and HIT). From day 14 to day 90,
      no significant difference as to logarithmic increase, plateau formation and
      persistence of neutralizing and HI antibodies was observed between the
      serovaccinated and the control group. Serum samples obtained on day 455 from 12
      individuals representing both study groups revealed comparable antibody values as
      assayed in the MNT or HIT respectively. Thus persistence and quantity of vaccine
      induced antibody to rabies virus, whether produced after plain vaccination or
      under sero-vaccination conditions, actually show no difference.

PMID- 680387
TI  - IgM and IgG antibody profiles after immunization of man with a HDCS-vaccine
      (preliminary communication).
AB  - HDCS vaccine was given to 20 healthy, not rabies-exposed people on days 0, 3, 7,
      14, 28 and 90. Ten of them received in addition 20 IU/kg of human antirabies
      immunoglobulin. Vaccine potency in NIH tests was 1.8 (WHO). Most individuals did
      not show any measurable neutralizing antibody titer on days 3 and 7. On days 14,
      28, 90 and 300 the mean of titres was above 1:200; with one exception, no titer
      was lower than 1:50. The sera of days 14 and 90 were separated on "Sephadex G
      200" columns. On day 14 at least 46% of the rabies antibody was found in the IgM
      fraction, while 15% was recovered from the IgG fraction. On day 90 the proportion
      recovered from the IgM fraction had decreased to 17%; the IgG antibody had
      increased to 30% of the titres found in whole serum. Almost no antirabies
      activity was found in the IgG fractions.

PMID- 680388
TI  - Serological investigations on rabies tissue culture vaccine (USSR) and
      development of short methods in post-exposure treatment.
AB  - Comparisons have been carried out in the GDR between the Hempt-vaccine, which has
      been used until now, and a vaccine prepared in the USSR from the Vnukovo-32
      strain on tissue culture. A trial of 1,800 treatments undertaken in 18
      vaccination centres has clearly shown that the tissue culture vaccine is superior
      to the Hempt-vaccine and allows the number of injections to be reduced. The
      authors recommend three types of treatment--with or without the combination of
      antirabies immunoglobulin--according to the risk of exposure or the injuries
      sustained.

PMID- 680389
TI  - Humoral immunity conferred by the HDCS rabies vaccine Merieux administered after
      exposure: 151 cases with and without specific immune globulin of human origin.
      Preliminary communication.
AB  - The results of the analysis of the neutralizing antibodies measured at days 30
      and 90 after vaccination are described in brief. Different lots of Merieux
      vaccine were used, of which two were checked separately for relative antigenic
      value by the Federal Public Health Service (CH). The lowest antigenic value (lot
      0420 M) was 1.6 in relation to the standard NIH vaccine No.182. The inhibiting
      effect of immune globulin was shown to be significant with this lot, but not with
      the other, more powerful lots. The attention is drawn to isolated cases which did
      not present antibodies--or not a sufficient count--on days 30 or 90 according to
      the RFFI test.

PMID- 680390
TI  - Results of rabies post-exposure treatment with antirabies serum and the human
      diploid cell vaccine in Iran.
AB  - Confirmation of safety and antigenicity of HDCV vaccine in volunteers and in post
      exposure treatment of severely injured patients. In some cases the use of
      antirabies serum inhibited, temporarily, the development of the active response
      to vaccine. During the last year about 2000 treatments were carried out : no
      failure nor undesirable reactions were observed.

PMID- 680391
TI  - Clinical experience with Wyeth Laboratories HDCS rabies vaccine at the Center for
      Disease Control.

PMID- 680392
TI  - Production of inactivated rabies vaccine for human use on WI38 diploid cells.
      Results of potency tests. Stability of the vaccine in liquid and freeze-dried
      forms.
AB  - The purpose of the article is to give the experience gained with the manufacture
      of the vaccine for five years and to dicuss the potency results obtained. Sixty
      ampoules of WI38 cells were used. The processing of twelve of them was stopped
      for accidental reasons. Forty-eight lots were freeze-dried, four were rejected as
      final product, three lots because of low potency, one following some febrile
      reactions in children due to an unexpectedly high content in endotoxin. The
      activity level of each lot was determined: (1) by titration of the viral
      suspension before concentration in young mice by the intracerebral route or by
      the plaquing technique in monolayers of BHK 21 cells. The mean titer in mice is
      10(6.5) per ml; on cells the titer is lower, mean 10(5.8) per ml, but more
      homogeneous, and (2) by the NIH potency test in mice: 90% of the lots have an
      antigenic value compared to the International Reference Vaccine above 2. There is
      not a good agreement between the results of the NIH potency test and the titer of
      the viral suspension. The antigenic values obtained on the freeze-dried vaccine
      after storage one month at 37 degrees C are the same as those for the vaccine
      stored at + 4 degrees C. The activity is not modified after storage for two years
      at + 4 degrees C in the freeze-dried or in the liquid state. The main drawback of
      the vaccine is its high cost. Some suggestions are proposed to try to lower it
      and to find a sound compromise between high quality and price.

PMID- 680393
TI  - Potency testing of diploid-cell rabies vaccine and correlation with
      immunogenicity.
AB  - Two procedures for evaluating the potency of diploid-cell rabies vaccine (WRV)
      were compared by mouse-serum neutralization (MNT) and RFFIT serological
      determinations, using NIH Reference Rabies Vaccine No. 182 as base. Mean antibody
      induction potency value ratios in female CD1 mice for 12 WRV assays were 5.12 by
      MSN and 4.57 by RFFIT compared with a 2.84 Antigen Value by the standard 28-day
      NIH mouse neutralization tests on the same lots. The mean antibody-induction
      potency values for 12 control DEV preparations were 0.71 (MSN) and 0.81 (RFFIT)
      versus 0.51 Antigen Value by NIH test. The statistical parameters of all
      respective means were similarly compared. MRV potencies of the order of magnitude
      shown correlated well with superior human immunogenicity but not linearly over a
      ten-fold range of antigen values from about 1 to 10. MNT antibody responses were
      15-30 I.U. per ml of serum to WRV in this range (3-dose immunization);
      corresponding overall RFFIT values were 8 to 15 I.U. per ml. Control
      immunizations with DEV preparations yielded immune responses approximately one
      order of magnitude lower under comparable conditions.

PMID- 680394
TI  - Standardization of methods used for testing the safety of tissue culture rabies
      vaccines.
AB  - Tissue culture rabies vaccines are essentially new preparations intended for
      prophylaxis and treatment of rabies. However, the methods used for their testing
      are mostly the same as those used for rabies vaccines prepared from brain tissue.
      Therefore, it is extremely important to develop and standardize methods for
      testing tissue culture rabies vaccines. The main criteria for the evaluation of
      Vnukovo-32 production strain have been formulated. The strain has been
      characterized in pathomorphological studies; the degree and nature of lesions
      produced in animal brain tissue by various doses of antigen and different routes
      of inoculation have been determined. In order to ensure the specific innocuity of
      rabies vaccines inactivated preparations are produced. However, with the current
      methods of inactivation (treatment with beta-propiolactone or phenol, ultraviolet
      irradiation and others) some viral particles may occasionally remain active.
      Besides, reparative processes may possibly occur in utraviolet-irradiated
      viruses. The penetration of even sublethal doses of live virus into the body is
      highly undesirable, since under certain conditions the long-term harbouring of
      the live viral particle may result in the development of various pathological
      conditions. In order to reveal minimum amounts of live virus in the preparation a
      method of additional passages in a susceptible cell system using the fluorescent
      antibody technique has been developed. By this method it has been possible to
      detect the presence of live virus in 10 out of 51 lots of vaccine under test.

PMID- 680395
TI  - Rabies vaccine HDC: toxicological studies in laboratory animals.
AB  - A purified rabies vaccine prepared in human diploid cell cultures (Wistar 38
      adapted Pitman-Moore strain) was tested in several animal species with single and
      repeated administration. Acute toxicity studies were performed in mice, rats, and
      guinea pigs with s.c. or i.m. injections of at least 1 human dose/animal. The
      results gave no evidence of toxic effects. Studies on local compatibility were
      carried out in white rabbits (i.c. and s.c.) and albino guinea pigs (i.m.).
      During the observation period of 1 or 2 weeks after inoculation no adverse
      reactions were seen. Pyrogen tests in rabbits with 6 lots of vaccines showed that
      rabies vaccine is pyrogenfree. Long-term studies with 4 injections into rats and
      dogs and observation over a 4-month period gave no alterations of hematological
      parameters and of the urinalysis. The behaviour of the animals was not altered.
      Short- and long-term experiments in animals showed the innocuity of this type of
      rabies vaccine.

PMID- 680396
TI  - A purified human diploid cell rabies vaccine.
AB  - Continuous-flow isopycnic banding of rabies virus in sucrose gradient was used to
      purify the antigen for the preparation of a human diploid cell rabies vaccine.
      Prior to the addition of the stabilizer, the average specific potency of several
      vaccine batches was 234 antigenic values per 1.0 mg of protein. Further data
      regarding potency and stability of this vaccine are presented.

PMID- 680397
TI  - Cell-mediated immunity and postexposure protection from rabies by inactivated
      vaccines of tissue culture origin.
AB  - A strong cell-mediated cytotoxic response (CMC), which was maximal 6-7 days after
      treatment, was generated in mice exposed to inactivated rabies virus vaccine. CMC
      response was linear and was a function of antigenic mass. Live attenuated viruses
      also generated a strong CMC response after intracerebral infection. Mice lethally
      infected with virulent strains of virus failed to develop CMC. There was,
      however, no difference in the rate and amount of virus-neutralizing or lytic
      antibodies and interferon induction in mice infected with virulent as compared to
      those infected with attenuated strains of virus. The level of T-cell effector
      function was found to be directly correlated with survival. Secondary CMC
      response to inactivated virus vaccine is strong, appears faster (3 days)and
      requires a smaller amount of antigen than does the primary CMC response. A
      consistent high level of CMC can be maintained for extended periods of time by
      repeated vaccine inoculations. When mice were treated with vaccine after being
      infected with street virus, high levels of CMC were found in effectively
      protected animals, but no CMC was found in unprotected animals. High levels of
      virus-neutralizing antibody were present in both surviving and dying mice. CMC
      responses to different antigenic components of rabies virus were also
      investigated.

PMID- 680398
TI  - Antigenicity of low concentrated HDCS vaccine with and without adjuvant as
      compared to the standard fluid formulation.
AB  - It can be shown that 0.1% aluminum hydroxide is able to compensate a 90%
      difference in antigen content of a human diploid cell strain rabies vaccine in
      man. This conclusion, however, is drawn only from the formation of neutralizing
      antibodies (kinetics and antibody concentration). Further experiments should be
      performed to compare also the protective capacity of HDCS vaccines varying in
      antigen content and adjuvant. A sole reduction of viral antigen is reflected by a
      corresponding reduction in antibody formation provided the different doses fall
      within the logarithmic part of the dose-response curve.

PMID- 680399
TI  - Development and clinical trials of the new human rabies vaccine of tissue culture
      (human diploid cell) origin.
AB  - A new type of rabies vaccine for human prophylaxis was developed by workers at
      the Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pa. Vaccine is prepared from rabies virus
      infected tissue cultures of human diploid cells and is inactivated following
      concentration and purification of virus. Vaccine is being successfully used for
      prophylactic and postexposure treatment in humans with reduced number of doses
      and is virtually free from adverse reactions associated with the use of other
      types of rabies vaccines.

PMID- 680400
TI  - Zonal centrifuge purification of human rabies vaccine obtained on bovine fetal
      kidney cells. Biological results.
AB  - An inactivated human rabies vaccine prepared on bovine fetal kidney cells is
      concentrated and purified by zonal centrifugation. The peak of rabies particles
      is monitored by hemagglutination. Immunogenicity of the purified particles was
      evaluated by titration of specific antibodies from vaccinated animals. Protective
      activity of the vaccine was assayed on guinea pigs challenged with street rabies.
      Biological results were compared with those obtained with other tissue culture
      vaccines.

PMID- 680401
TI  - Structure and function of rabies virus glycoprotein.
AB  - Of the three major proteins associated with the rabies virus membrane, only the
      glycoprotein (G-protein) was found to be located on the external surface of the
      viral membrane. A minor glycoprotein (gp 50) detected by SDS-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis (PAGE) of rabies virus appeared to be a breakdown product of the
      G-protein. Glycoprotein prepared by treatment of rabies virus with Triton X100
      and purified by isoelectric focusing was found to be homogeneous with respect to
      size and isoelectric point. The apparent molecular weight of this component
      isolated under nondenaturing conditions is approximately 400,000 daltons. The
      same material analyzed by PAGE was found to be comprised solely of polypeptide
      chains of the G-protein (MW 80,000 daltons). Therefore, the Triton X100-released
      material represents homopolymers of the G-protein. The purified rabies virus
      glycoprotein (G) is only structural protein of the virus that induces the
      formation of virus-neutralizing antibodies and which confers immunity to animals.
      The total protective activity of the virus was recovered in the purified G
      protein preparation. The protective activity of G protein increased with
      purification : 9 ng of G protein was required to protect 50% of the mice as
      compared to 1.63 microgram of the virus. The number of oligosaccharide side
      chains on rabies virus glycoprotein was investigated. Analysis of glycopeptides
      obtained by protease digestion of desialated glycoprotein revealed three discrete
      glycopeptides. Comparison of the protease digestion products from desialated and
      from untreated glycoprotein indicated a heterogeneity among the glycopeptides in
      the sialic acid content. Two major tryptic glycopeptides were isolated from
      desialated rabies virus glycoprotein and were analyzed after protease digestion;
      one contained two oligosaccharide side chains and the other contained a single
      oligosaccharide side chain.

PMID- 680402
TI  - Evaluation of the inactivated tissue culture rabies vaccine from the Vnukovo-32
      strain. Results of its industrial production and field use for post-exposure
      immunization of man.
AB  - During 1973-1977, 981,000 doses of rabies vaccine were prepared in primary young
      Syrian hamster kidney cell cultures infected with attenuated rabies virus (strain
      Vnukovo-32) and inactivated by UV-irradiation. Potency of the vaccine varied from
      0.3 to 3.5. More the 53% of vaccine lots had potency in the range of 1.1-3.5
      (NIH). Post-exposure immunization was carried out in 45,842 persons aged from 2
      weeks to greater than 76 years. The vaccination course lasted from 2 to 25 days
      and was followed by 2 booster injections with the dose of 1.5-5 ml. The vaccine
      combined with gammaglobulin was injected into 2,856 persons; 19,764 persons had
      bites of dangerous localization (face, head, fingers). Post-exposure immunization
      was carried out in 4,416 humans who were bitten or licked with saliva of rabid
      animals (diagnosis was confirmed clinically or in the laboratory) and in 16,760
      humans bitten by suspected animals (diagnosis remained unknown). None of those
      who received the complete course of antirabic treatment fell ill with
      hydrophobia. No neurological complications or other severe side effects were
      noted. Field trials and the results of studies of virus-neutralizing antibody
      titers in 390 treated people make it possible to conclude that tissue culture
      rabies vaccine from strain Vnukovo-32 is an effective preparation with low
      reactogenicity.

PMID- 680403
TI  - Delayed type hypersensitivity in mice immunized with inactivated rabies virus.
AB  - Evidence of the DTH reaction is in agreement with in vitro observation done with
      the lymphoblast transformation test in rabbits (5,8) or with the cytotoxicity
      test in mice (7). The footpad test (FPT) fulfilled all criteria of DTH. A maximum
      swelling at the injection site was observed 24 h after challenge. FPT could not
      be transferred by immune serum. But both local and systemic transfer of
      dissociated spleen cells or lymph node cells sensitized recipient mice to the
      FPT. A lymphoproliferative response in the draining lymph node was observed after
      injection of RV, coinciding with the appearance of circulating cells mediating
      DTH and this response is not dependent upon a B-cell regulatoring mechanism (3).
      Evaluation of vaccines in vivo by specific DTH reaction is of interest for
      testing the cell-mediated immunity of these vaccines.

PMID- 680404
TI  - Some experiences with human diploid cell strain-(HDCS) rabies vaccine in pre- and
      post-exposure vaccinated humans.
AB  - HDCS vaccine has been in official use in the F.R.G. for pre- and post-exposure
      vaccination of man, after having shown its superiority to the Hempt and duck
      embryo vaccine--as far as compatibility, antigenicity and protective capacity is
      concerned--since February 1977. HDCS vaccines of both manufacturers, Merieux/Lyon
      and Behring/Marburg, did not produce any severe side effects in about 5000
      vaccinees in West Germany when conditions of vaccine production were properly
      observed. The lack of neuropathogenicity of vaccines is stressed. Contamination
      by bacterial lipopolysaccharides, however, resulted in endotoxin shock in 32 out
      of 35 vaccinees with one vaccine lot. Testing for pyrogenicity of every vaccine
      lot should be carefully observed in future. When comparing antigenicity of
      different vaccine lots of both manufacturers, individual titers of complement
      fixing and neutralizing antibodies were correlated with the antigenic values of
      the vaccines. Duration of immunity after one course of vaccination is
      approximately 2 years and can be extended by only 1 booster injection for an
      additional 3 years. Protective capacity of HDCS vaccine (using Essen scheme, 6
      applications) seems to be very pronounced.  So far, between 1973-1977, 68
      individuals under severe risk were vaccinated post-exposure in West Germany and
      45 individuals in Iran from 1975-76. No cases of rabies occurred in the
      vaccinees. HDCS vaccine in man induces a very early antibody response with
      appearance of IgM rabies specific antibodies on day 3, and IgG rabies specific
      antibodies on day 7 and an early IgM/IgG antibody conversion at that time.

PMID- 680405
TI  - [Results of preventive rabies vaccination with a concentrated vaccine of the
      PM/WI38-1503-3M rabies strain cultured on human diploid cells. Preparation of
      mixed antirabies-antitetanus hyperimmune immunoglobulin by plasmapheresis of
      blood taken from vaccinated veterinary students].
AB  - Many thousands of people in France and abroad have already benefited from
      preventive rabies vaccination by means of a vaccine obtained from culture on
      human diploid cells, perfected ten years ago by R. Lang, the Institut Merieux and
      the Wistar Institute. In addition to being well tolerated, the serological
      efficacy of this vaccine is such that 100% of the vaccines observed had a
      seroconversion after only two injections at an interval of one month. However, a
      booster dose should be given 6 to 12 months after the first injection, and a
      further booster 3 to 5 years later or on request in case of known contamination.
      These boosters, combined with an anti-tetanus booster, induce such high antibody
      titers--between 10-100 and even 1000 I.U./ml--that it is easy to obtain
      substantial batches of combined anti-rabies and anti-tetanus immunoglobulin from
      a small number of volunteers. The complete efficacy of this new vaccine reduces
      the number of systematic post-vaccinal serologic controls and its innocuity is
      such that an extended preventive vaccination programme may be carried out, for
      instance in the case of children living in areas known to be dangerous.

PMID- 680406
TI  - Bimodality of fasting and two-hour glucose tolerance distributions in a
      Micronesian population.
AB  - While frequency distributions of glucose concentrations in Caucasian populations
      are unimodal, bimodality has been described in the Pima Indians, a population
      with an extremely high prevalence of diabetes. Venous plasma glucose
      concentrations at fasting and after a 75-gm. oral glucose load were determined in
      596 Nauruans, a Micronesian population with a diabetes prevalence of the same
      order as the Pima Indians. In both sexes and in subjects 10 to 19 years, the
      frequency distributions of the logarithms of the fasting and two-hour glucose
      values were clearly unimodal. In most sex and age groups of 20 years and older,
      the frequency distributions of fasting and two-hour glucose values were bimodal
      and consistent with a model of two overlapping Gaussian distributions. This
      population is characterized by marked obesity. However, there was no significant
      difference in the degree of obesity between subjects in the first and second
      curves of the bimodal distribution. This makes it unlikely that the bimodality is
      a consequence of the marked obesity seen in both the Pima and Nauru populations.
      The data show that among Nauruans, as with the Pimas, the frequency distribution
      of glucose concentrations can be used to separate the population into normal and
      hyperglycemic groups.

PMID- 680407
TI  - Stimulatory effects of prostaglandins E-1, E-2, and F-2-alpha on glucagon and
      insulin release in vitro.

PMID- 680408
TI  - Diabetes screening using a quantitative urine glucose method.

PMID- 680409
TI  - Determination of insulin requirements in brittle diabetic patients by the
      artificial pancreas.

PMID- 680410
TI  - Glycosylated hemoglobin in normal subjects and subjects with maturity-onset
      diabetes. Evidence for a saturable system in man.
AB  - Concentrations of glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb) are elevated in diabetes mellitus
      and are believed to reflect previous metabolic control. To better define possible
      determinants of GHb in man, we investigated the relationship between GHb and both
      fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and basal insulin (IRI) in 42 normal subjects and 29
      patients with maturity-onset diabetes. Concentrations of GHb in diabetic subjects
      (12.7 +/- 3.4, x +/- S.D., per cent total hemoglobin) were significantly higher
      than in normal subjects (8.2 +/- 1.2, p less than 0.001). In normal subjects, FPG
      (r = 0.52) and GHb (r = 0.58) (both p less than 0.001) correlated with age. GHb
      did not correlate with IRI in either group. However, GHb was closely associated
      with FPG in both normal (r = 0.60, p less than 0.001) and diabetic (r = 0.85, p
      less than 0.001) subjects. Linear regression analysis of the data for the two
      groups combined was highly significant (r = 0.91, p less than 0.001). However,
      the slope of the regression line for GHb versus FPG seen in normal subjects was
      significantly steeper than that of diabetic patients (p less than 0.005). A curve
      describing a nonenzymatic saturable model was also found to fit the data of the
      two groups combined (r = 0.85, p less than 0.001), suggesting the possible
      existence of a saturable system for glycosylation in man.

PMID- 680411
TI  - Obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and portal blood flow. A theoretic study of the
      effects of increased portal blood flow upon fasting peripheral insulin
      concentrations.
AB  - A mathematical model of steady state insulin metabolism was developed to predict
      the effects of blood flow changes upon fasting arterial insulin concentration. In
      addition to blood flows to major organs and tissues, the model includes
      representations for insulin feedback regulation of hepatic insulin clearance and
      pancreatic insulin secretion. Within the range of insulin sensitivities assumed
      for hepatic and pancreatic feedback regulation and the range of initial insulin
      secretion rates employed, the model predicts that the fasting arterial insulin
      concentration rises by up to 20 muU. per milliliter as portal blood flow
      increases. The necessary elevations in portal blood flow lie well inside the
      range of increased total hepatic blood flow observed in obese subjects. The
      results of this study suggest that a significant portion of the elevation in
      fasting insulin concentrations seen in obesity may be the result of increased
      portal blood flow and that other clinical observations and metabolic changes that
      accompany obesity may also be related to altered portal flow.

PMID- 680412
TI  - The effect of endogenous gastric inhibitory polypeptide on glucose-induced
      insulin secretion in mild diabetes.

PMID- 680413
TI  - Comparison of McN-3495 [N-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinylidene)-N'-phenyl-1
      pyrrolidinecarboximidamide], a new, orally effective, hypoglycemic agent, with
      the biguanides.

PMID- 680414
TI  - Policy statement. Saccharin.

PMID- 680415
TI  - Abnormal lactic dehydrogenase patterns in carcinoma of stomach and in peritumoral
      tissues.
AB  - Segments of gastric mucosa from 32 surgical and biopsy specimens containing
      gastric carcinoma have been studied to determine the total content of lactate
      dehydrogenase (LDH). The LDH isoenzyme distribution patterns in tumoral tissues
      have been compared to that of peritumoral tissue and to the gastric mucosa of a
      healthy control group. LDH isoenzyme activity in the samples from tumoral tissue
      was significantly increased. The adjacent peritumoral tissue had a slight
      increment in the polypeptide M as compared to the distant and normal tissue. This
      suggests that LDH isoenzyme measurement may prove a valuable addition to
      histologic study, in the recognition of the tumoral distribution in stomach
      carcinoma.

PMID- 680416
TI  - Cellular and humoral indices of disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease.
AB  - In 51 untreated cases of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease some cellular
      (neutrophil alkaline phosphatase activity, neutrophil NBT reducing capacity, and
      neutrophil and plasma lysozyme activities) and humoral (serum orosomucoid and
      serum haptoglobin) indices of disease activity were quantitated. The most
      pronounced signs of disease activity, thus, were found in severe cases of
      ulcerative colitis. Combining lysozyme activities with other disease activity
      indices seems to facilitate the distinction between severe cases of Crohn's
      disease and ulcerative colitis. Beyond this the addition of the humoral indices
      seemed not to offer substantial help.

PMID- 680417
TI  - Fecal chymotroypsin: a study on its diagnostic value by comparison with the
      secretin-cholecystokinin test.
AB  - Fecal chymotrypsin (CT) activities were determined in 149 randomly collected
      fecal specimens of 80 patients in whom the pancreatic function had been tested by
      a secretin-cholecystokinin test. There was a significant correlation between
      fecal CT activities and outputs of trypsin (r = 0.3451, p less than 0.01) and
      amylase (r = 0.3285, p less than 0.01) in duodenal juice. Fecal CT activities
      were normal in all patients who--based upon enzyme outputs in duodenal juice
      after stimulation with secretin and CCK/PZ--were classified as 'borderline
      cases', in most patients with 'low-normal' pancreatic function, and in a
      significant number of patients with established insufficiency of exocrine
      pancreas. On the other hand, fecal CT activities were abnormal in patients with
      severely impaired output of trypsin in duodenal juice, and only 7% of the fecal
      specimens from patients with established normal function of exocrine pancreas had
      abnormal low CT activities. It is concluded that the sensitivity of the fecal
      enzyme method is rather low as compared to the secretin-cholecystokinin test, but
      that fecal CT determinations give valuable diagnostic information in patients
      with more pronounced insufficiency of the exocrine pancreas.

PMID- 680418
TI  - 14C-D-galactose breath test for evaluation of liver function in patients with
      chronic liver disease.
AB  - D-Galactose metabolism and demethylation of aminopyrine by healthy controls and
      patients with chronic active hepatitis (CAH) and cirrhosis (Ci), were assessed by
      a breath analysis technique measuring 14CO2 exhalation after oral ingestion of
      14C-D-galactose or 14C-aminopyrine. Patients with CAH and Ci exhibited decreased
      14CO2-exhalation rates following 14C-D-galactose or 14C-aminopyrine. D-Galactose
      oxidation capacity of the liver can be assessed by a breath analysis technique in
      analogy to the demethylating function for aminopyrine. The ordinary oral D
      galactose tolerance test seems, however, superior in comparison to the 14C-D
      galactose tolerance test, in discriminating between healthy controls and patients
      with chronic liver disease.

PMID- 680419
TI  - Perhexiline maleate-induced hepatitis.
AB  - 5 patients treated with perhexiline maleate, 200-400 mg/day for at least 6
      months, exhibited evidence of hepatitis. The picture was very similar to acute
      alcoholic hepatitis, clinically, biologically and histologically with presence of
      necrosis, Mallory's hyaline, polynuclear infiltration and to a lesser degree,
      steatosis. Association with peripheral neuropathy, hypoglycemia, and renal
      failure appears strikingly frequently. The evolution was severe since 3 patients
      died within 6 months, even after treatment withdrawal. Further studies are to be
      done to understand the mechanisms of hepatic and neurologic toxicity, and to
      measure the hazards of this drug. These studies could bring a new insight to
      alcohol toxicity.

PMID- 680420
TI  - The relationship of insulin response to a glucose stimulus over a wide range of
      glucose tolerance.

PMID- 680421
TI  - Thyroid hormones in insulin requiring diabetes before and after treatment.

PMID- 680422
TI  - The increased frequency of the Lewis negative blood group in a diabetic
      population.

PMID- 680423
TI  - Plasma insulin response in pregnant and non-pregnant rats: effects of different
      dietary carbohydrates.

PMID- 680424
TI  - Developmental changes in the fatty (fafa) rat: evidence for defective
      thermogenesis preceding the hyperlipogenesis and hyperinsulinaemia.

PMID- 680425
TI  - Tilted and non-tilted postischaemic exercise peak blood flow in the legs of long
      term diabetic and normal subjects.

PMID- 680426
TI  - The mechanism of anterior-posterior polarity control in planarians.
AB  - The substance which inhibits brain formation in the regenerating planarian
      Dugesia etrusca was found to be a large molecule, at least in part protein, which
      electrophoreses as an electronegative moiety in pH 6.8 buffer. A model is
      presented, based on this finding and previous studies, which proposes an
      electrochemical mechanism for the control of polarity and possibly for the
      maintenance of tissue organization in planarians. It is proposed that a
      bioelectric field exists and moves the electronegative brain-inhibiting substance
      in a posterior direction, establishing polarity. This model explains the polarity
      reversal experiments using external fields and many of the previously unexplained
      classical planarian experiments. Data are presented demonstrating the existence,
      magnitude, and polarity of this bioelectric field, which is not greatly altered
      upon decapitation, all in accord with predictions of the model.

PMID- 680427
TI  - Cardiac-like action potentials recorded from spontaneously-contractiong
      structures induced in post-nodal pieces of chick blastoderm exposed to an RNA
      enriched fraction from adult heart.

PMID- 680429
TI  - New prescribing directions for phenytoin.

PMID- 680428
TI  - Retinoic acid and sun-caused skin cancer.

PMID- 680430
TI  - Status report on PUVA therapy for severe psoriasis.

PMID- 680431
TI  - [Lights and shadows of cardiac stimulation in the diagnosis of sino-atrial node
      dysfunction].

PMID- 680432
TI  - [Hemodynamic classification of acute myocardial infarction: physiopathological
      aspects and prognostic implications. Considerations on 130 cases (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Hemodynamic evaluations of 130 patients with acute myocardial infarction were
      performed by right and/or left heart catheterization. 115 patients were
      subdivided in six groups by the pulmonary artery mean pressure (PMP)-left
      ventricular stroke work index (LVSWI) relationship: 1) normal LVSWI in relation
      to PMP (14.8% of all cases); 2) increased LVSWI in relation to PMP (0.9%); 3)
      moderately reduced LVSWI with increased PMP (severe heart failure-cardiogenic
      shock) (7.0%); 5) reduced LVSWI with low or normal PMP (22.6%); 6) normal LVSWI
      with elevated PMP (reduced left ventricular compliance or high pulmonary vascular
      resistance) (15.7%). 28 cases were studied by right and left heart
      catheterization; in 10 cases only left heart catheterization was performed.
      Discriminant analysis on the values measured at the first stage of hemodynamic
      monitoring was conducted: this type of mathematical analysis seemed to provide a
      more useful prognostic index.

PMID- 680433
TI  - [Electrophysiological effects of ajmaline on the human conduction system
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The electrophysiological effects of ajmaline have been investigated using the
      intracardiac electrograms and the extrastimulus method. The drug was infused
      intravenously into 21 patients at the dose of 1 mg/Kg. Ajmaline induces:-
      variable effect on the sinusal cycle length--variable effect on the corrected
      sinus node recovery time--increase of the atrial effective refractory period (P
      less than 0.001)--in AV node slowing of conduction (P less than 0.001), a slight
      prolongation of PRE (P less 0.01) and more marked one of the FRP (P less than
      0.001). The His-Purkinje (HV interval) and intraventicular (QRS interval)
      conduction times are prolonged (P less than 0.001), as well as the RRF of His
      Purkinje system. The maxium increase of AH,HV and QRS intervals appears 3 minutes
      after drug administration; at the 5th minute these intervals have already
      slightly decreased, then they decrease almost quickly till the 15th minute and
      more slowly till the 30th minute. The absolute prolongation of the HV and QRS
      intervals is more marked in the patients in which these intervals are more
      prolonged during the control study, while the percentage increase is almost equal
      in the patients with normal HV and QRS interval and in those with prolonged HV
      and QRS intervals. The electrophysiological properties of the drug are discussed
      on the basis of the obtained results.

PMID- 680434
TI  - [Transtelephone pacemaker monitoring. First experience in italy (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 680435
TI  - [Hypoplasia of left pulmonary artery secondary to aorta-right pulmonary artery
      anastomosis. Diagnostic and therapeutical considerations (author's transl)].
AB  - Three cases of tetralogy of Fallot treated under twelve months of life with aorta
      right pulmonary artery anastomosis are reported, in which severe hypoplasia of
      left pulmonary artery secondary to palliation was present. In the first two cases
      this complication was not recognized during investigation prior to repair and
      both died of low cardiac output due to severe right ventricular hypertension. In
      the third case the complication was evidenced and treated with interposition of a
      prosthetic valved conduit between right ventricle and confluence of the pulmonary
      arteries. Hypoplasia or atresia of left pulmonary artery and right pulmonary
      vascular obstructive disease, secondary to a long-functioning aortopulmonary
      anastomosis, require surgical consideration identical to tetralogy of Fallot with
      single pulmonary artery, which is corrected with the use of a valved conduit. The
      Authors suggest that aortopulmonary shunts should be dismantled within two years
      and investigation prior to repair should include: 1) exploring of all cardiac
      chambers and right pulmonary artery through the fistula; 2) injection of contrast
      medium in right pulmonary artery, aortic root, right ventricle or pulmonary
      trunk. These diagnostic methods should demonstrate continuity between right
      ventricle and pulmonary arteries, confluence of pulmonary arteries, and rule out
      acquired left pulmonary artery atresia, right pulmonary vascular obstructive
      disease, right ventricular outflow tract atresia.

PMID- 680436
TI  - [The echographic aspects of the foetal heart (author's transl)].
AB  - In 15 pregnant women, during the last month of pregnancy, the heart of living
      human foetuses has been searched for with echocardiological techniques, using a
      multiple-crystal transducer. The single heart structures distinguished on the
      bidimensional image were picked out with a single ultrasonic ray and photographed
      with a Polaroid camera. The echocardiological image revealed of such structures
      is similar to that found in newborns. The aorta and the mitral valve have been
      registered in all cases. It has been possible, with minor frequency, to reveal
      the echoes of the tricuspid valve, of the interventricular septum, of the
      posterior wall of the left ventricle and of the pulmonary valve. The left
      atrium/aorta root relationship resulted almost always higher with regard to the
      values considered normal for newborns. The behaviour of the interventricular
      septum is of particular interest, as it always showed a normal movement. This
      report indicates that the functional load of the different heart cavities during
      the various phases of interuterine life is in perfect equilibrium,
      notwithstanding the substantial anatomical and functional modifications which
      occur during the course of foetal life. The Authors maintain that
      echocardiological methods could become indispensable in understanding the
      physiological and pathological aspects of foetal circulation.

PMID- 680437
TI  - [Echo-phonomechanocardiographic relations of the systolic time intervals of the
      left ventricle (author's transl)].
AB  - 15 normal subjects and 23 subjects with cardiac valve disease have been studied.
      All the subjects have undergone an echo-phonomechanocardiographic investigation
      with simultaneous recording of the tracings. The values of the systolic time
      intervals have been obtained from the echo-cardiographic tracings and compared
      with those obtained from the phonomechanocardiographic tracings evaluating the
      differences between them. The comparison has pointed out values nearly
      coincident, providing useful elements about the relations existing between the
      cardiac sounds and the moments of closure of the mitral and aortic valves.
      Moreover, the two techniques are considered useful and valid in the evaluation of
      the left ventricle performance by the systolic time intervals, especially when
      the recording is carried out simultaneously.

PMID- 680438
TI  - The usefulness of the phonocardiography in the diagnosis of the extrinsic
      obstruction of the pulmonary artery. Report of a case (author's transl).
AB  - The Authors describe a case in which an anterior mediastinal tumor manifested as
      a cardiovascular disease. Phonocardiographic findings and their modifications
      induced by respiratory manoeuvres are presented and discussed. Particular
      enphasis is given to the disappearance, with deep inspiration, of the pulmonary
      ejection murmur associated with the simultaneous paradoxical behaviour of
      pulmonary component of the second sound. The Authors suggest that such findings
      can be indicative of pulmonary outflow obstruction by an external mass.

PMID- 680439
TI  - [Isometric exercise (handgrip) during cardiac catheterization].

PMID- 680440
TI  - [Variations of the pre-coronary times (1973-1977) (author's transl)].
AB  - A comparison has been made between the pre-coronary times of IMA patients in the
      UCIC of the S. Camillo Hospital in Rome between 1973 and 1977, and the pre
      coronary times of patients in another UCIC in the same city, in order to record
      possible modifications. From 1973 to 1977 there has been a decrease in the pre
      coronary times: this is the result of a better hospitalization policy and more
      frequent admission directly to the UCIC. The mortality rate according to the data
      in question, has also decreased from 21% in 1973 to 10% in 1977, with a marked
      reduction for patients with a pre-coronary time superior to 12 hours. This is
      also connected to the fact that there is a considerable reduction in the number
      of patients, generally suffering from serious complications, transferred to UCIC
      from other wards. From an analysis of the data we infer that there has been an
      improvement in the policy governing the admission of patients to UCIC, a policy
      which could be improved further by a more adequate training both for doctors and
      the population in general.

PMID- 680441
TI  - [Strategies to promote clinical research].

PMID- 680442
TI  - [The national program of research in the field of health].

PMID- 680443
TI  - [The research programs in the Mexican Institute of Social Security].

PMID- 680444
TI  - [Study of health services].

PMID- 680445
TI  - [Sequential renal scintillogram, computed renogram and the study of renal
      perfusion in the etiological diagnosis of arterial hypertension].

PMID- 680446
TI  - [Progress in the enzymatic determination for the diagnosis and evaluation of
      myocardial infarct].

PMID- 680447
TI  - [In vivo immune cellular response in the chronic alcoholic patient].

PMID- 680448
TI  - [Ischemic optic neuropathy and glaucoma of low ocular tension].

PMID- 680449
TI  - [Exercise and the hypertensive patient].

PMID- 680450
TI  - [The National Academy of Medicine and the General Hospital of Mexico].

PMID- 680451
TI  - [Study of health services. I. Introduction].

PMID- 680452
TI  - [Treatment of the pregnant diabetic patient].

PMID- 680453
TI  - [The family. I. Introduction].

PMID- 680454
TI  - [Sociopsychoanalytical approach: family, development, disease].

PMID- 680455
TI  - [Development of the role of the female sex in the organization of the family].

PMID- 680457
TI  - [The family. V. Traditions and new trends].

PMID- 680456
TI  - [The organic health of the child].

PMID- 680458
TI  - [Concept and projection of intensive care services].

PMID- 680459
TI  - Differentiation between patients with malignant diseases and non-malignant
      diseases or healthy donors by changes of fluorescence polarization in the
      cytoplams of circulating lymphocytes.
AB  - Changes in the degree of fluorescence polarization in the fluorescent cytoplasm
      of lymphocytes from patients with malignant diseases, patients with nonmalignant
      diseases, and normal donors were investigated by the fluorescence polarization
      technique. In order to confirm Cercek's cancer test, two kinds of parameters, the
      degree of fluorescence polarization of lymphocytes stimulated with
      phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and cancer basic protein, were obtained for each person.
      Patients with malignant diseases were easily differentiated from the others
      without exception by an index, the response ratio of the degree of fluorescence
      polarization. Usefulness of this technique was confirmed for the detection of
      cancer-bearing patients.

PMID- 680460
TI  - Effect of Ehrlich ascites tumour on the clinical course and pathology of mice
      having carbon tetrachloride-induced hepato-renal necrosis.
AB  - Ehrlich ascites tumour, administered intraperitoneally 18 hr following a dose of
      CCl4 by stomach tube, produces and irreversible illness characterised by failure
      to resolve extensive hepato-renal necrosis. Equally extensive hepato-renal
      necrosis occurs in animals given CCl4 and saline; such animals, however, remain
      clinically well and show rapid histological regeneration of both organs. Carbon
      tetrachloride given to mice on day 5 of tumour growth produces hepatic necrosis
      only, the kidney of such animals being immune to the necrotising effect of CCl4.
      Such animals remain well, and histological recovery of the liver is rapid. It is
      proposed that the Ehrlich tumour produces a "regeneration-inhibiting" toxin,
      active against the damaged liver and kidney; the CCl4-damaged kidney fails to
      excrete this toxin, hence the irreversibility of hepato-renal damage and a fatal
      outcome. A marked reduction of ascites volume as compared with controls was
      observed in those animals given Ehrlich tumour 18 hr after CCl4, but not in
      animals given CCl4 on day 5 of Ehrlich ascites tumour growth.

PMID- 680461
TI  - Late effects of fetal mice x-irradiated at middle or late intrauterine stage.
AB  - Mice of F1 hybrids of (C57BL/6xWHT) strains were exposed in utero to 200 R of X
      rays at 12 or 16 approximately 18 days post coitum. Mice of both sexes were
      allowed to liver through their life span, and the induction of tumors, growth
      retardation, and induction of degenerative diseases were examined. A significant
      enhancement of lung, pituitary gland, and ovary tumorigenesis was observed in
      mice irradiated at the late intrauterine stage. Also, incidence of liver and skin
      tumors was increased slightly in this group, whereas thymic lymphomas were not
      induced. Persistent growth retardation, several congenital malformation, and
      amyloid degeneration were found in mice irradiated at the middle intrauterine
      stage. However, no increases incidence of tumors was seen in this group.
      Moreover, incidnece of lymphoreticular tissue tumors, lung tumors, and
      leiomyosarcomas of uterus was significantly decreased by irradiation at  the
      middle intrauterine stage from the unirradiated control and the late intrauterine
      irradiated group.

PMID- 680462
TI  - Correlation of differences in antigenicity of four 3-methyl-cholanthrene-induced
      tumors in syngeneic mice with the susceptibility of tumors to an
      immunopotentiator, PS-K.
AB  - Eleven syngeneic tumors were induced by 3-methylcholanthrene in DDD mice. Their
      antigenicity in vivo was examined by measuring growth inhibition of transplanted
      tumors in mice immunized by implanting tumors into their tail and then cutting
      off the tail. Four tumors with different antigenicity were selected from them for
      study. The growth-suppressive effect of an immunotherapeutic agent, PS-K, on the
      four tumors was examined. The growth of highly antigenic tumors in mice was
      inhibited by PS-K, but that of weakly antigenic tumors was not, and a close
      correlation was found between the antigenicity of tumors and the antitumor
      activity of PS-K against them. No similar correlation was found between their
      antigenicity and their sensitivity to a mitotic poison, 6-mercaptopurine. These
      results suggest that the antitumor effect of an immunopotentiator depends greatly
      on the antigenicity of tumors.

PMID- 680463
TI  - Effect of combined use of anticancer drugs with a polysaccharide preparation,
      Krestin, on mouse leukemia P388.
AB  - When CDF1 mice inoculated intraperitoneally with leukemia P388 were treated
      intraperitoneally with mitomycin-C, of which dose was not so effective, on day 1
      and given intraperitoneally polysaccharide preparation, Krestin, on day 2, 5, or
      8 after tumor inoculation, best therapeutic results judged from 60-day survivors
      were obtained by combined use of mitomycin-C on day 1 and Krestin on day 5.
      Besides mitomycin-C, none of anticancer drugs such as cyclophosphamide, 5
      fluorouracil, and 6-mercaptopurine was effective in this system. From these
      results, it was concluded that in this system, enhancement of anti-tumor effect
      of mitomycin-C by Krestin depends on the time of Krestin administration and that
      the combination effect is observed with mitomycin-C but not with
      cyclophosphamide, 5-fluorouracil, or 6-mercaptopurine.

PMID- 680464
TI  - Cytotoxic activity of human blood monocytes against cultured breast cancer cells.
AB  - Cytotoxic activity of blood monocytes from 19 healthy individuals was examined in
      vitro against the cultured floating cells of human breast cancer origin. Target
      tumor cells inoculated on monocyte cultures and maintained for 5 days were
      reduced in number, compared with the control cultues of tumor cells alone.
      Increased cytotoxicity of the monocytes was noted after in vitro activation by
      heat-killed Corynebacterium liquefaciens (Propionibacterium acnes). C.
      liquefaciens of the same dose as used for monocyte activation had no effect on
      the tumor cell growth. These results may indicate that blood monocytes have an
      antitumor activity and it can be strengthened by treatment with C. liquefaciens.
      Antitumor activity of blood monocytes and macrophages was discussed on a concept
      of the mononuclear phagocyte system. A possible development of a new assay method
      for macrophage function as a parameter of host defence state against cancer will
      be expected.

PMID- 680465
TI  - Antitumor activity of water-soluble platinum(II) complexes of 1,2
      cyclohexanediamine isomers.
AB  - Dichloroplatinum(II) complexes of 1,2-cyclohexanediamine isomers were reported to
      have high antitumor activity against leukemia L-1210 and P-388, but they were
      hardly soluble in water and, therefore, dibromo- and diiodo-platinum(II)
      complexes of 1,2-cyclohexanediamine isomers were prepared. They were not soluble
      in water but showed high antitumor activity. When the chloride ions are replaced
      with sulfate ions, they become soluble and also they are anti-tumor active.
      Bismonobromoacetatoplatinum (II) complexes were synthesized and tested. Mono- and
      bis-(D-glucuronato)platinum(II) complexes of 1,2-cyclohexanediamine isomers were
      newly synthesized. All of them were freely soluble in water and showed high
      antitumor activity with low toxicity. The chelated mono(D
      glucuronato)platinum(II) was found to be more effective than the monodentate
      bis(D-glucuronato)platinum (II) complexes.

PMID- 680466
TI  - Endocrine adjuvant therapy with the antiestrogen, mepitiostane, inoperable breast
      cancer patients on the basis of estrogen receptor assay.

PMID- 680467
TI  - 5-Fluorouracil O-beta-D-glucuronide as a newly synthesized chemically modified,
      nontoxic anticancer drug.

PMID- 680468
TI  - Inhibition by immunoglobulin of in vitro activation of cytotoxic macrophages with
      lymphocyte mediator.

PMID- 680469
TI  - [Ingestion of asbestos and cancer].

PMID- 680470
TI  - [Gastric and oesophageal investigation with detection of asbest fibers in
      patients exposed to asbest (author's transl)].

PMID- 680471
TI  - [Liver disease in ulcerative colitis. A study of 41 patients (author's transl)].

PMID- 680472
TI  - [Serum bile acid level and cholic acid disappearance rate in alcoholic liver
      disease (author's transl)].

PMID- 680473
TI  - [The calculation of "pA2 equivalents", a way to determine the anti-secretagogous
      potentials in non-anesthetized dog (author's transl)].

PMID- 680474
TI  - [Relationship between hepatic cytochrome P-450 dependent microsomal enzyme
      induction and biliary lipid secretion in the rat (author's transl)].

PMID- 680475
TI  - [Chronic alcoholic pancreatitis with severe osteomalcia (author's transl)].

PMID- 680476
TI  - [Fatal ulcerative necrotizing colitis associated with sigmoid duplication
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 680477
TI  - [Duodeno-gastric reflux of bile quantitated by a new method without intubation
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 680478
TI  - [Weber-Christian syndrome and biliary-pancreatic cancer: 2 cases].

PMID- 680479
TI  - [Heredity in idiopathic hemochromatosis: evidence of recessive transmission and
      of the location of the responsible gene on chromosome 6].

PMID- 680480
TI  - [Hepatic lesions due to perhexiline maleate (author's transl)].

PMID- 680481
TI  - [Amoebic ulcero-proliferative or granulomatous colitis (amoeboma). Presentation
      of three cases (author's transl)].

PMID- 680482
TI  - [Macrocytosis in chronic alcoholism: a disturbance of DNA synthesis related to
      folate deficiency? (author's transl)].

PMID- 680483
TI  - [Porphyrins and idiopathic hemochromatosis. Study of 32 cases (author's transl)].

PMID- 680484
TI  - [Increase in sulfobromophthalein (BSP) biliary transport maximum and microsomal
      enzyme induction: two separate effects of phenobarbital (author's transl)].

PMID- 680485
TI  - [Pneumomediastinum, subcutaneous emphysema and gastric ulcer. Report of 2 cases
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 680486
TI  - [Esophageal manometric values and their distribution in healthy subject (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 680487
TI  - [Apropos of corticoid therapy of acute viral hepatitis at the early phase].

PMID- 680488
TI  - Presidential address: enough is enough, and more is less.

PMID- 680489
TI  - Evidence for a defective inhibition of pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid
      secretion by antral distension in the duodenal ulcer patient.
AB  - Graded antrum distension by 50-, 100-, and 150-ml balloon volumes significantly
      stimulated gastric acid secretion in 6 duodenal ulcer patients, but had no
      stimulatory effect in 6 healthy subjects. Antrum distension by 150-ml balloon
      volume had no effect on the acid response to submaximal stimulation by a
      continuous intravenous infusion of pentagastrin in the duodenal ulcer patients,
      but significantly inhibited this response in the healthy subjects. The inhibition
      by antrum distension in the healthy subjects amounted to 20%. The results suggest
      that antrum distension elicits stimulatory as well as inhibitory mechanisms in
      man with inhibition of acid secretion predominating in healthy subjects and
      stimulation of acid secretion predominating in duodenal ulcer patients. The
      mechanism of inhibition is unknown.

PMID- 680490
TI  - Cell wall-defective variants of pseudomonas-like (group Va) bacteria in Crohn's
      disease.
AB  - Several animal transmission studies have indicated that Crohn's disease may be
      caused by a filterable agent. Filtrates of homogenized tissues were prepared from
      8 patients with Crohn's disease, 9 patients with chronic ulcerative colitis, and
      20 control patients without inflammatory bowel disease. Conventional
      bacteriological cultures and hypertonic cultures for cell wall-defective
      bacterial variants were performed on the filtrates. Bacterial revertants (parent
      forms) of cell wall-defective variants were obtained from filtrates of various
      tissues including mesenteric lymph nodes of all patients with Crohn's disease. In
      no instance were revertants cultured from tissue filtrates of the other patients.
      The 11 revertants isolated from the 8 patients were identified as Pseudomonas
      like bacteria, most closely identifiable with group Va.

PMID- 680491
TI  - Effect of eating and gastrointestinal hormones on human colonic myoelectrical and
      motor activity.

PMID- 680492
TI  - Effects of caffeine and coffee on fluid transport in the small intestine.
AB  - Although caffeine is known to stimulate small intestinal water secretion in man,
      no available studies have examined the effect of coffee on small intestinal fluid
      transport. We have studied the effect of both coffee and caffeine on jejunal
      sodium and water transport by the triple lumen intestinal perfusion technique.
      Both caffeine and coffee solutions had equivalent caffeine concentrations,
      approximating the caffeine concentration in one cup of coffee. Control and coffee
      perfusion resulted in net absorption of 0.9 +/- 0.2 and 1.1 +/- 0.3 ml per min
      per 30 cm, respectively, whereas caffeine perfusion resulted in net water
      secretion of 2.4 +/- 0.4 ml per min per 30 cm (P less than 0.02). Net sodium
      absorption was observed with control and coffee solutions with a mean absorption
      of 190 +/- 32 and 184 +/- 40 muEq per min per 30 cm, respectively. Net sodium
      secretion of 334 +/- 25 muEq er min per 30 cm was observed during caffeine
      perfusion (P less than 0.02). We conclude that coffee perfusion has no
      significant effect on sodium and water transport in the jejunum in spite of the
      marked secretory effects of caffeine solutions. The results of this study yield
      further support to the suggestion that the effects of caffeine may not be similar
      to the effects of caffeine-containing compounds such as coffee.

PMID- 680493
TI  - Multiple immunoreactive forms of vasoactive intestinal peptide in human colonic
      mucosa.
AB  - Extracts of human colon mucosa and muscle were fractionated by gel filtration and
      ion exchange chromatography and molecular forms of vasoactive intestinal peptide
      (VIP) estimated by radioimmunoassay. Total concentrations of immunoreactive VIP
      in mucosa were 237.1 +/- 53.9 and 119 +/- 26.0 pmoles per g in muscle. In muscle,
      over 90% of the immunoreactivity was accounted for by a single component
      indistinguishable from porcine VIP by gel filtration and ion exchange
      chromatography. In contrast, mucosa contained four components with VIP-like
      immunoreactivity. One of these had the chromatographic properties of porcine VIP;
      the others were less positively charged. Two of the new VIP-like components had
      gel filtration properties similar to those of VIP and are, therefore, probably of
      similar size to the porcine octacosapeptide, and the remaining component emerged
      later on Sephadex and is, therefore, probably a smaller peptide. Immunoreactive
      VIP in muscle extracts is believed to originate from nerve fibers, and this form
      of VIP is likely to be identical to the previously characterized form of VIP.
      However, immunoreactive VIP in mucosal extracts may originate either from
      endocrine cells or nerve fibers. The possibility arises, then, that there are
      different immunoreactive forms of VIP in nerves and endocrine cells.

PMID- 680494
TI  - Evaluation of xylose absorption as measured in blood and urine: a one-hour blood
      xylose screening test in malabsorption.
AB  - The assessment of D-xylose absorption by measurement of urinary excretion is
      subject to several sources of error. An investigation has been made into the use
      of the blood levels obtained after a 5-g dose as an assessment of malabsorption.
      We have shown that optimal discrimination between normal and impaired xylose
      absorption is achieved by measuring blood xylose levels 1 hr after oral
      administration and then correcting the results to a constant body surface area.
      The reference range was 0.65 to 1.33 mmoles per liter for values corrected to
      1.73m2. In a prospective study of the value of this modification in investigating
      malabsorption, the incidence of false-negatives and false-positives was found to
      be 4.8 and 2.2%, respectively. The test is of particular value in the elderly
      because surface area corrected 1-hr blood xylose levels are independent of age,
      eliminating the expected and observed declines in renal function and urinary
      xylose excretion in this age group.

PMID- 680495
TI  - Effects of pentagastrin, G17, and G34 on the electrical and mechanical activities
      of canine antral smooth muscle.
AB  - Intracellular microelectrode technique and standard organ bath technique were
      used to investigate the effects of pentagastrin, G17, and G34 on the electrical
      and mechanical activities of canine antral circular muscle. All three molecular
      forms increased the amplitude and duration of the plateau of the gastric action
      potential and the frequency of spontaneous action potentials. They also increased
      the amplitude and frequency of spontaneous contractions. G17 was equal to or less
      potent than pentagastrin in all of its actions on this tissue. G34 had an equal
      or greater activity than G17. The electrical studies indicate that G17 is active
      in this tissue in a physiological range of concentrations. The ED50 for the
      effect of G17 to increase the amplitude of the plateau potential is less than
      that for the effect of G17 on gastric secretion, indicating that this is a
      physiological action of gastrin. Atropine studies indicate that only part of the
      in vitro inotropic action of gastrin is caused by the release of acetylcholine
      from nerve terminals, but that the chronotropic action is attributable to a
      direct effect on the smooth muscle membrane.

PMID- 680496
TI  - Intestinal secretion induced by volume expansion in the dog.

PMID- 680497
TI  - Influence of high luminal PO2 on the anaerobic bacteria of the rat colon.
AB  - The influence of high luminal PO2 on colonic anaerobes was investigated by
      chronically perfusing the colon of unrestrained rats with O2 or N2. A luminal PO2
      of approximately 700 mm Hg did not significantly influence the fecal
      concentration of total anaerobes recovered on rabbit blood agar or of
      Bifidobacterium sp. and Bacteroides sp. recovered on selective media. However,
      the O2 infusion reduced the rat's excretion of CH4 (a metabolic product of
      anaerobic bacteria) to about 5% of the control value, although the feces of O2
      treated rats produced CH4 normally. This study suggests that the production of
      metabolites by the colonic bacteria may sometimes be more accurately studied in
      situ rather than in culture. Measurement of volatile bacterial metabolites in
      breath may provide a simple means of studying the in situ metabolism of a variety
      of colonic bacteria in man.

PMID- 680498
TI  - Gastric and cephalic stimulation of human pancreatic polypeptide release.

PMID- 680499
TI  - Histofluorescence of 3-methylcholanthrene metabolites in the rat pancreas.
AB  - Pancreases of Long-Evans rats were treated in vitro and in vivo with 3
      methylcholanthrene and examined by histofluorescence techniques. For in vitro
      studies, tissue sections were dipped in 3-methylcholanthrene and incubated in
      vitro. These sections revealed that acinar and ductal epithelium had equal
      fluorescence which suggested equal metabolic capability. For in vivo experiments,
      3-methylcholanthrene was injected intraperitoneally and the rats were killed 60
      min later. Two additional rats were provided with biliary cannulae to divert bile
      from the pancreatobiliary ducts. Frozen sections, 16 mu in thickness, were
      prepared and examined under the fluorescence microscope. The sections revealed
      that fluorescence was concentrated in the epithelium and lumen of ducts. Animals
      with diversion of bile from the pancreatobiliary ducts had similar intensity and
      distribution of fluorescence. The in vivo studies showed that ductal epithelium
      was exposed to greater concentrations of carcinogen than nonductal epithelium.
      These observations provide a link between epidemiological studies that show an
      increased incidence of pancreatic adenocarcinoma in populations exposed to
      environmental carcinogens and morphological studies that show the ductal cell to
      be the most likely cell of origin.

PMID- 680500
TI  - Phalloidin-induced cholestasis in the rat: relation to changes in microfilaments.
AB  - The influence of phalloidin, an agent that causes irreversible polymerisation of
      actin into microfilaments, on bile secretion and hepatocyte ultrastructure was
      examined in rats. Phalloidin was given intraperitoneally at the dose of 50
      microgram per 100 g of body weight per day for 1, 3, or 7 days. The following was
      observed. (1) Bile flow decreased, as compared to controls, by 19% after 1 day,
      34% after 3 days, and 55% after 7 days. Bile acid secretion was also decreased.
      (2) Electron microscopic examination of the hepatocyte in treated animals
      revealed an increased thickness of the pericanalicular microfilamentous network
      and a dilatation of bile canaliculi. Stereological examination revealed an
      increase in the relative volume of the microfilamentous network (per unit of
      hepatocyte cytoplasm) of 2.55% after 1 day, 4.06% ater 3 days, and 6.16% after 7
      days. (3) [14C]Erythritol biliary clearance, measured after 7 days, decreased in
      parallel to bile flow, suggesting that the decrease in bile flow was of
      canalicular origin. [14C]Sucrose biliary clearance increased in treated animals,
      suggesting an increased permeability of the biliary system to sucrose. There was
      a predominant decrease in the bile acid independent bile flow. These data provide
      circumstantial evidence for the hypothesis that microfilament dysfunction can
      produce cholestasis.

PMID- 680501
TI  - Cell-mediated cytotoxicity of desialylated human lymphocytes induced by a
      mitogenic mammalian liver protein.
AB  - The ability of a purified rabbit liver membrane protein that selectively binds
      desialylated glycoproteins to induce desialylated human peripheral blood
      lymphocytes to mediate mitogen-induced cellular cytotoxicity has been determined.
      After short term exposure to purified hepatic binding protein, desialylated, but
      not intact, lymphocytes exhibited mitogen-induced cellular cytotoxicity against
      Chang target cells, which do not have exposed hepatic binding protein on their
      surface membrane. Furthermore, desialylated lymphocytes, in the absence of
      purified hepatic binding protein, reduced the proportion of isolated rabbit
      hepatocytes that adhered to plastic to a significantly greater extent than did
      intact lymphocytes, suggesting that the exposed hepatic binding protein
      demonstrated on the surface membrane of these target cells is capable of inducing
      mitogen-induced cellular cytotoxicity. The specific inhibition of this effect by
      asialo-orosomucoid, but not by intact orosomucoid, indicates that the site
      involved in the binding of asialo-glycoproteins to hepatic binding protein is
      probably also responsible for the induction of mitogen-induced cellular
      cytoxocity. The demonstration that hepatic binding protein, a normal constituent
      of the surface, membrane of mammalian hepatocytes, can induce mitogen-induced
      cellular cytotoxicity, suggests that mitogen-induced cellular cytotoxicity may be
      a mechanism of cellular injury in vivo.

PMID- 680502
TI  - Subclinical hepatic encephalopathy: detection, prevalence, and relationship to
      nitrogen metabolism.

PMID- 680503
TI  - Hepatic cholesterol ester hydrolase in human liver disease.
AB  - Human liver contains an acid cholesterol ester hydrolase (CEH) of presumed
      lysosomal origin, but its significance is unknown. We developed a modified CEH
      radioassay suitable for needle biopsy specimens and measured hepatic activity of
      this enzyme in 69 patients undergoing percutaneous liver biopsy. Histologically
      normal livers hydrolyzed 5.80 +/- 0.78 SEM mumoles of cholesterol ester per hr
      per g of liver protein (n, 10). Values were similar in alcoholic liver disease
      (n, 17), obstructive jaundice (n, 9), and miscellaneous hepatic disorders (n,
      21). In contrast, mean hepatic CEH activity was more than 3-fold elevated in 12
      patients with acute hepatitis, 21.05 +/- 2.45 SEM mumoles per hr per g of protein
      (P less than 0.01). In 2 patients studied serially, CEH returned to normal as
      hepatitis resolved. CEH activity in all patients paralleled SGOT levels (r, 0.84;
      P less than 0.01). There was no correlation with serum levels of free or
      esterified cholesterol nor with serum activity of lecithin-cholesterol
      acyltransferase, the enzyme responsible for cholesterol esterification in plasma.
      These studies confirm the presence of CEH activity in human liver and show
      markedly increased activity in acute hepatitis. The pathogenesis and clinical
      significance of altered hepatic CEH activity in liver disease require further
      study.

PMID- 680504
TI  - Incidence and clinical significance of sinusoidal dilatation in liver biopsies.
AB  - In a review of 906 consecutive liver biopsies, sinusoidal dilatation, unrelated
      to passive congestion of the liver, sinusoidal infiltration, or cirrhosis, was
      found in 26 cases (2.9%). In 21 of them the final diagnosis was a neoplastic or
      granulomatous disease (tuberculosis, brucellosis, Crohn's disease), but in only
      half of them was there evidence of neoplastic or granulomatous infiltration of
      the liver. In the remaining cases, sinusoidal dilatation was either the only
      histological abnormality or it was associated with nonspecific changes. Although
      the pathogenesis of sinusoidal ectasia is not known, our findings indicate a
      definite relationship to the presence of tumor or granulomatous disease in the
      liver or elsewhere in the body. It is concluded that the finding of sinusoidal
      dilatation as an isolated histological change in a liver biopsy specimen should
      prompt the search for a tumor or a disease associated with granulomas.

PMID- 680505
TI  - Effect of age and parenchymal liver disease on the disposition and elimination of
      chlordiazepoxide (librium).
AB  - There is an increased incidence of unwanted sedation associated with
      chlordiazepoxide usage in the elderly and in patients with liver disease. To
      determine whether pharmacokinetic alterations could account in part for these
      observations we studied the disposition and elimination of intravenously
      administered chlordiazepoxide in 27 healthy controls aged 16 to 86 years, 8
      patients with cirrhosis, and 5 patients with acute viral hepatitis. Both
      increasing age and parenchymal liver disease led to similar changes in
      chlordiazepoxide pharmacokinetics. Over the age range 20 to 80 years, elimination
      half-life (t1/2(beta)) increased from 7 to 40 hr (r, 0.67; P less than 0.001)
      attributable to a decrease in plasma clearance from 30 ml per min to 10 ml per
      min (r, -0.71; P less than 0.001) and an increase in volume of distribution from
      0.26 to 0.38 liters per kg (r, 0.60; P less than 0.05). Similarly, a decrease in
      plasma clearance in cirrhosis (7.7 +/- 2.1 compared to 15.3 +/- 4.4 ml per min, P
      less than 0.01) and acute viral hepatitis (6.1 +/- 4.3 compared to 18.1 +/- 7.1
      ml per min, P less than 0.01) relative to age-matched controls and an increase in
      the volume of distribution resulted in a prolongation of the elimination half
      life in both forms of liver disease. Impaired elimination of chlordiazepoxide may
      account in part for the increased incidence of oversedation seen in the elderly
      and in patients with liver disease.

PMID- 680506
TI  - Iproclozide fulminant hepatitis. Possible role of enzyme induction.
AB  - The authors report the cases of 3 patients who died from fulminant hepatitis
      after receiving iproclozide, a hydrazine-containing monoamine oxidase inhibitor.
      Fulminant hepatitis in these patients resembled that reported in patients
      receiving other hydrazine-containing monoamine oxidase inhibitors: (1) the 3
      patients were women; (2) the monoamine oxidase inhibitor has been ingested for 1
      month or more; (3) the main clinical manifestations were jaundice and disorders
      of consciousness; (4) hypersensitivity manifestations were absent; (5) the
      predominant liver lesion was necrosis; (6) all 3 patients died. In our 3
      patients, jaundice occurred 7 to 10 days after the adjunction to iproclozide of a
      microsomal enzyme inducer. These observations suggest that concomitant
      administration of iproclozide and of microsomal enzyme inducers may produce
      fulminant hepatitis in man. It is speculated that iproclozide could be, like
      iproniazid, transformed into a hepatotoxic metabolite, the production of which
      would be increased by microsomal enzyme induction.

PMID- 680507
TI  - Human gastric atony with tachygastria and gastric retention.

PMID- 680508
TI  - Gastric and esophageal dysfunction after ingestion of acid.
AB  - Esophageal and gastric function was measured in a patient who swallowed a
      household acid solution. Dysphagia, transient ulceration of the esophagus with
      luminal narrowing, and complete loss of peristalsis without loss of lower
      esophageal sphincter function were noted. Gastric dysfunction appeared 2 weeks
      after ingestion with complete obstruction, necessitating antral resection. The
      proximal stomach was relatively spared.

PMID- 680509
TI  - Growth retardation in inflammatory bowel disease.

PMID- 680510
TI  - Effect of estrogens on the liver. Case presentation.

PMID- 680511
TI  - Effects of estrogens on the liver.

PMID- 680512
TI  - Cholesterol gallstones.

PMID- 680513
TI  - Effect of estrogens on the liver. Case presentation.

PMID- 680514
TI  - Hepatic tumors and oral contraceptives.

PMID- 680516
TI  - Radioimmunoassay methodology for articles published in gastroenterology.

PMID- 680515
TI  - Surgical treatment of hepatic adenoma and focal nodular hyperplasia.

PMID- 680517
TI  - Abnormalities of acid secretion in patients with duodenal ulcer.

PMID- 680518
TI  - On the etiology of Crohn's disease.

PMID- 680519
TI  - Colonic response to eating.

PMID- 680520
TI  - Coffee and the gastrointestinal tract.

PMID- 680521
TI  - Lipase, colipase, amphipathic dietary proteins, and bile acids: new interactions
      at an old interface.

PMID- 680522
TI  - Endotoxin(s) and the liver.

PMID- 680523
TI  - Canalicular cholestasis.

PMID- 680524
TI  - Rx: fluid extract of Condurango.

PMID- 680525
TI  - Intestinal countercurrent.

PMID- 680526
TI  - Ethanol and nitrogen metabolism.

PMID- 680527
TI  - Serum cholesterol after portacaval shunting.

PMID- 680528
TI  - HLA-phenotype and hemochromatosis in Germany.

PMID- 680529
TI  - Immunochemical differences between natural and synthetic big gastrins.

PMID- 680530
TI  - Viral hepatitis B infection risk in flexible fiberoptic endoscopy.

PMID- 680531
TI  - Inadvertent exposure of endoscopy patients to viral hepatitis B.

PMID- 680532
TI  - Occult injuries during colonoscopy. Measurement of forces required to injure the
      colon and report of cases.

PMID- 680534
TI  - "Flap valve" dysphagia in esophageal carcinoma.

PMID- 680533
TI  - Serosal laceration: a complication of intra-operative colonoscopy explained by
      transmural pressure gradients.

PMID- 680535
TI  - A gastrogastric fistula linking two penetrating ulcers. Report of a case.

PMID- 680536
TI  - Endoscopic diagnosis of ileocecal tuberculosis.

PMID- 680537
TI  - A case of tuberculosis of the ileum diagnosed by a sonde-type small intestinal
      fiberscope.

PMID- 680538
TI  - Amebiasis diagnosed by colonoscopy.

PMID- 680539
TI  - Identification of traumatic rupture of the pancreatic duct by endoscopic
      retrograde pancreatography.

PMID- 680540
TI  - [Again: juriprudence problems in voluntary sterilization].

PMID- 680541
TI  - [Sterilization: duties of the physician].

PMID- 680542
TI  - [Progress in diagnosis and treatment of pregnancies with low birthweight infants
      (author's transl)].
AB  - In order to prove the progress in diagnosis and treatment of pregnancies with low
      birthweight we performed a retrospective computer-analysis of three groups of
      patients including newborns below 2750 g delivered dumping the last 10 years. The
      first group contains the years 1967/68; the deliveries of low birthweight infants
      were monitored without cardiotocogram. The second group of patients from the
      years 1971/72 was monitored continuously during delivery by cardiotocogram. The
      endocrinologic diagnostic methods for detection of a possible placental
      insufficiency in low weight fetus were applied regularly (DHEA-S-loading test,
      oestriol, HPL). The treatment of premature newborns with respiratory distress
      syndrome was facilitated by CPAP. A thorough ultrasound diagnosis was available
      additionally for the third group of patients. Long term treatment with
      Partusisten was applied in cases of premature labour in this group and
      betamethasone-therapy was used for accelleration of fetal lung maturation. With a
      nearly constant number of preterm eutrophic newborns, preterm infants with
      retarded growth and mature infants with retarded growth over a period of ten
      years the unpurified mortality rate decreased from 14.3% to 6.7% when the
      pregnancies and deliveries had intensive (obstetrical medical) care. With the
      help of Shirodkar procedure and tocolytic treatment the birthweight could be
      shifted significantly into the favourable group over 2000 g. The prenatal
      prophylactical treatment of the respiratory distress syndrome with beta-methasone
      and the postnatal CPAP-therapy decrease the mortality rate caused by respiratory
      deficiency from 13.7% to 6.4%. The preventive caesarean section in cases of low
      birthweight infants with abnormal positions in utero helped to reduce the
      mortality rate from 21% to 10.6% in these cases. The accuracy of prenatal
      diagnosis of intrauterine retarded fetal growth by hormone analysis and
      ultrasonic measurement of the fetus was improved from 24% to 66%.

PMID- 680543
TI  - [The fluoroscopic detection of micro-calcifications of the breast during the
      operation in the excisional biopsy material (author's transl)].
AB  - In 101 excisional biopsies of the breast the biopsy material was examined
      fluoroscopically in the operating room for micro-calcifications with a specially
      constructed X-ray machine. This method of operation and control has the advantage
      of shortening the operative time and avoiding additional radiation to the breast.
      The surgeon becomes independent of a radiologist for control. Very accurate
      excisional biopsies of clinical obscure lesions in the breast become possible.

PMID- 680544
TI  - [Determination of microelements in human placenta II. Commun.: Spectrophotometric
      determination of zinc content in human placenta (author's transl)].
AB  - The zinc content of human placenta is determinaed by means of an improved
      combined dithizone-zincon-method. The results obtained are given as follows:
      11.13 +/- 0.62 ppm in the fresh and 64.98 +/- 3.34 ppm in the dried material.

PMID- 680545
TI  - [Compression of the spinal cord secondary to an intradural metastasis from a
      primary carcinoma of the breast (author's transl)].
AB  - The intradural spinal spread from operated primary carcinomas of the breast is
      discussed considering our own case and the literature. The identical localization
      of the intradural spinal metastases at the junction of the cervical to the
      thoracic spine in all three known cases is striking.

PMID- 680546
TI  - [Description of a new modified clamp for the parametrium in abdominal
      hysterectomies (author's transl)].
AB  - A new modified clamp for the parametrium is presented which facilitates abdominal
      hysterectomy in large myomatous uteri. The curbed clamp has a blunt angle of 160
      degrees to its handle and permits clamping of the parametrium parallel to the
      longitudinal axis of the cervix. The clamp appears to be an enrichment of the
      available instruments for abdominal hysterectomies.

PMID- 680547
TI  - [The choice of operative procedures for different stages of carcinoma of the
      cervix (author's transl)].

PMID- 680548
TI  - [Fundamental observations on the surgical treatment of so-called stress
      incontinence (author's transl)].

PMID- 680549
TI  - [Comments on professional indemnity and professional indemnity insurance of the
      gynaecologist (author's transl)].

PMID- 680551
TI  - [The cytological diagnosis of mild and moderate dysplasia, an analysis of
      validity and practicability of class IIID (author's transl)].

PMID- 680550
TI  - [Clinical experimental studies in the treatment of ovarian dysfunction with bromo
      ergocryptin (pravidel) (author's transl)].
AB  - Among 62 patients with galactorrhoea a corpus luteum deficiency or anovulatory
      cycles were found in 35 cases by serum progesterone determination, endometrial
      biopsy or basal body temperature records. 27 patients had a hyperpro-lactenemic
      amenorrhoea-galactorrhoea syndrome. During treatment with 2.5-5 mg. of Pravidel
      daily the basal body temperature was recorded, the concentrations of serum FSH,
      LH, Prolactin and progesterone were determined by radioimmunoassay. Other
      possible reasons for infertility were investigated. 10 of the 19 patients with
      normal serum prolactins in the group with deficient corpus luteum or anovulation
      became pregnant after a short duration of treatment, whereas only 2 of the 16
      patients with hyperprolactenemia became pregnant. Among 27 patients with
      secondary amenorrhoea 11 became pregnant. All these patients had increased serum
      prolactins. During treatment with Pravidel all patients showed a significant
      increase of FSH and LH concentrations and a decrease of the prolactin
      concentrations. The outcome of the pregnancy of the 58 patients who became
      pregnant during treatment with Pravidel was also reported. 14 of the 58
      pregnancies occured following additional treatment with Dyneric or HMG/HCG. Up to
      now there were 18 term deliveries following uneventful pregnancies. There were no
      fetal anomalies. The abortion rate was not higher than in the general population.
      All results show that euprolactinemia is not alone characterized by normal
      prolactin concentration. The clinical signs and symptoms of galactorrhoea without
      increase of prolactin over 20 ng/ml. in conjunction with ovarian dysfunction must
      be classified as dysprolactinemia.

PMID- 680552
TI  - [A subglutaeal abscess as a possible result of pudendal anaesthesia (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Described is the subglutaeal abscess of a 17-year old primigravida that may have
      been the result of pudendal anaesthesia. This has to be looked upon as an
      extremely rare and unavoidable complication of obstetric regional anaesthesia. On
      the basis of known cases of subglutaeal abscess, it cannot be concluded that
      pudendal anaesthesia should be relinquished.

PMID- 680553
TI  - Potential therapeutic applications of naturally occurring and synthetic
      cannabinoids.

PMID- 680554
TI  - Psychopharmacology of morphinomimetic peptides in relation to schizophrenia.

PMID- 680555
TI  - Acetylcholine content in physiologically fatigued frog nerve-muscle preparations
      and in denervated muscle.

PMID- 680556
TI  - Effects of ketamine on the isolated perfused rat heart.

PMID- 680557
TI  - Cerium tissue/organ distribution and alterations in open field and exploratory
      behavior following repeated exposure of the mouse to citrate complexed cerium.

PMID- 680558
TI  - [Development of a method of screening for hemoglobin S for the purpose of genetic
      consultation in Cuba. Results of an analysis of 24,000 blood samples].
AB  - Electrophoretic screening system is worked out, which combines a high resolving
      power in polyacrylamide gel and a principle of simultaneous treatment of a large
      number of examples. 24,000 blood examples from inhabitants of Havana province
      (Cuba) are analysed in order to check the efficiency of the method described, to
      find the hemoglobin S frequency and to use these results in further genetic
      consulting. The frequency of hemoglobin S carriers is found to be 3.0%, that of
      hemoglobin C--0.7%. 15 rare hemoglobin variants are detected, 9 variants of alpha
      chain and 3 variants of beta-chain are detected. One case was a result of
      hemoglobin S and a variant of alpha-chain interaction. Frequencies of S, C and A
      alleles were 0.016, 0.0038 and 0.98 respectively.

PMID- 680559
TI  - [Sister chromatid exchanges in human lymphocytes detected by using 5
      bromdeoxyuridine].
AB  - Sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) were studied in chromosomes of peripheral blood
      lymphocytes taken from 19 normal individuals of both sexes and cultured in the
      presence of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR). BUdR was added to the culture in final
      concentration of 15 or 30 microgram/ml for the last 28 hours of cultivation. The
      chromosome preparations were stained with the fluorescent dye Hoechst-33258,
      followed by Giemsa staining. At BUdR concentration of 15 microgram/ml the mean
      number of SCE was significantly less (8.9 per metaphase), that at the
      concentration of 30 microgram/ml (12.3 per metaphase). The incidence of SCE among
      19 individuals varied from 6.5 to 13.7. The mean numbers of SCE in five
      individuals were significantly different from the mean number calculated for the
      whole group of 19 subjects. There were no differences between the sexes in the
      incidence of SCE. The distribution of SCE between chromosomes was found to be
      proportional to the chromosome length and to the amount of DNA. However, the
      chromosomes of groups E, F and G were highly significantly under-represented in
      the number of exchanges.

PMID- 680560
TI  - [Effective use of rapid tests to evaluate the mutagenicity of environmental
      chemicals].
AB  - Efficiency of short-term tests for mutagenicity with the use of various
      Salmonella strains is conditioned by a high sensitivity and a prompt answer.
      Besides, these tests are valuable because they permit to evaluate quickly a
      probable cancerogenic activity of the tested chemicals, as there is a high degree
      of correlation between the mutagenic and cancerogenic response for a great number
      of chemicals. However, whatever results are obtained with the use of short-term
      tests, questions arise about the relative force of a mutagenic activity, the
      spectrum of induced genetic damage, relative frequency of each type of damages,
      the danger of such a damage for an individual, probability of a successful
      transmission of each type of damage to the following generation. And the main
      problem which investigators are facing in this field is the prognostic value of
      information on the mutagenic activity which is obtained from these tests for the
      evaluation of risk from the effects of chemicals on human population. The answers
      to these questions may be got only by means of tests on eukaryotes, as they might
      give more complete data concerning both quantitative and qualitative effects.

PMID- 680561
TI  - [Photosensitizing effect of 8-methoxypsoralen on bacteriophage cd].
AB  - Mutagenesis in extracellular phage sd by 8-metoxypsoralen (8-MOP) and longwave
      (lambda greater than 310 nm) UV-irradiation has been established. The kinetics of
      lethal and mutagenic effects of 8-MOP+light was studied. The efficiency of
      mutagenesis on the first linear part of mutation curve was 0.3% per the lethal
      hit which is 2 times lower than that of shortwave (lambda=254 nm) UV-irradiation.
      The maximum yield of mutants makes up 1%, after which the mutation curve is
      maintained. It has been established that the main (may be the only) contribution
      into mutagenesis is made by monoadducts, whereas the lethal effect is conditioned
      by diadducts (cross-links). The comparison of the efficiency of mutagenic effects
      of 8-MOP+light with mutagenic effects of other kinds of irradiations was carried
      out. The possibility of repair of damaged 8-MOP+light phage sd DNA by
      transfection of Escherichia coli C (uvr+) and Cs (uvr-) lysozyme spheroplasts has
      been established. The repair mechanism of photodamage in intact phage sd induced
      with 8-MOP+light was also investigated using the method of two-step irradiation.
      It has been shown that 65% of photodamages are repaired in E. coli SK cells in
      the M9 medium, i. e. under cellular metabolism. The recovery of phage sd is
      completely inhibited in phosphate buffer. Unlike chloramphenicol (150
      microgram/ml), 1% caffeine blocks the phage recovery only by 30%. The
      participation of phage sd determining enzymes in its intracellular recovery from
      8-MOP+light damages is assumed.

PMID- 680562
TI  - Guidelines for nutrition in the elderly.

PMID- 680563
TI  - Connective tissue disease: when to suspect malignancies.

PMID- 680564
TI  - Gynecologic problems of menopausal women: part 2. Treating estrogen deficiency.

PMID- 680565
TI  - Are your elderly patients good candidates for dialysis?

PMID- 680566
TI  - Hypertension and cardiac impairments increase stroke risk.

PMID- 680567
TI  - Guidelines for diagnosing and treating urinary tract infections.
AB  - Urinary tract infections are problems in both men and women in the geriatric age
      group, although causative factors in each sex differ widely. Diagnostic
      evaluation is directed at determining obstructive disease in men and underlying
      anatomic abnormalities in both men and women. Bacteriologic diagnosis is
      important, and localization studies are often helpful. Antibiotic therapy is
      guided by the usual standards, with special awareness of the greater incidence of
      chronic or degenerative disease in older patients.

PMID- 680568
TI  - Should we discourage cigarette smoking in elderly patients?

PMID- 680569
TI  - [Biochemical environment of fetal development complicated by intrahepatic
      cholestasis. Its evaluation by means of measuring of adenine nucleotides,
      coenzymes and indirect glycolysis metabolites in maternal red cells].

PMID- 680570
TI  - [Pattern of selected lipids in blood serum samples following fat loading in the
      course of normal pregnancy and in cases of EPH gestosis].

PMID- 680571
TI  - [Concentration of glucose, insulin, thyroxine (T-4), triiodothyronine (T-3) and
      gastrin in the maternal blood, in the umbilical cord blood of the fetus during
      labor and in the newborn infant].

PMID- 680572
TI  - [Comparison of colposcopic-cytologic examinations and microscopic biopsy
      findings].

PMID- 680573
TI  - [Use of tissue glue in the surgical treatment of urinary stress incontinence in
      women].

PMID- 680574
TI  - [Vesico-uterine fistula following cesarean section treated by a modified
      technic].

PMID- 680575
TI  - [Treatment of mycotic vulvovaginitis with the aid of Gyno-Pevaryl (Econazole)].

PMID- 680576
TI  - Intradaily variation of the human ulnar length and short term growth--a
      longitudinal study in eleven boys.
AB  - In order to detect the intradaily variation of the clinical ulnar length in
      eleven boys the right ulnar length was determined using a condylograph at seven
      set times of each day during a study period of three weeks. The mean standard
      error of the determinations amounted 0.09 mm. In 86% of the days concerned the
      ulnar length changed significantly (one way analysis of variance p less than
      0.05). As far as the whole group concerned the ulnar length decreased
      significantly during the time interval from 8.00 h to 12.00 h (Friedman's related
      samples test, p less than 0.01). The decrement amounted 0.4 mm. During the rest
      of the day the changes in the ulnar length were not significant. A consistent
      decrement of the ulnar length during the day in combination with total growth of
      0.99 mm during the three week study period suggested that growth in length of the
      human ulna occurs during the night.

PMID- 680577
TI  - The linear regression of body weight and age in intact, ovariecotomised, and
      estrogen treated rats: some applications and implications.
AB  - Many variables, including rat body weight (BWt), are sequentially measured in
      individuals yet the information obtained is often poorly utilised. Many
      advantages result if a linear relationship is established, on the original or
      transformed scales, between the variable and time. For individual rats log BWt,
      which is normally distributed, is linearly related to the reciprocal of age.
      Slopes (rates of BWt gain) and constants (ultimate BWts) then serve as data.
      Linearity extended from 4 weeks onwards in ovariectomised (OvX) and intact rats,
      implying that puberty does not affect BWt and that BWt increases before puberty
      following pre-pubertal OvX; the ovary inhibiting growth before puberty. For
      individual rats weaning BWt was correlated with rate of BWt gain but not with
      ultimate BWt, indicating postweaning compensatory growth which continues to
      maturity. Pre-treatment and post-treatment measurements were made on individuals,
      allowing within-animal comparisons and regression. Thus the BWt response to OvX
      or estrogen treatment depended on the pre-treatment rate of BWt gain and ultimate
      BWt, implying that the BWt response entails a form of compensatory growth. OvX at
      three ages (day 2, week 4, and week 7) produced different rates of BWt gain but
      similar ultimate BWts. These results support the hypothesis that ultimate BWt is
      predetermined, but can be modified by treatment.

PMID- 680578
TI  - Growth curve changes associated with long-term selection for body weight in
      Japanese quail.
AB  - Four quail lines were utilized to investigate growth patterns in quail. Three of
      these lines (P, T and S) had previously undergone long-term selection for high 4
      week body weight, while line C was maintained as a nonselected control. Quail
      progeny from generation 37 and 38 breeders were fed diets containing 28% and 20%
      protein. Within each trial, the diet/line treatments were replicated 3 times with
      12 quail per subclass. Body weight measurements suggested that the growth of all
      lines was best approximated by the logistic growth curve model. When fed a 28%
      protein diet the age at maximum growth (point of inflection) of selected lines
      was 4 to 6 days earlier than the corresponding age of controls. Similar rates of
      gain after 4 weeks of age between selected and control lines suggested that
      mechanisms influenced by selection for 4-week body weight in quail operate only
      during the period prior to the age at selection with little or no residual
      effect.

PMID- 680579
TI  - The effects of lead nitrate on the central nervous system of the chick embryo I.
      Observations of light and electron microscopy.
AB  - The effects of lead on the developing central nervous system were studied for the
      first time by light and electron microscopy in the chick embryo after injecting
      lead nitrate into the air space of the egg at 10 days of incubation. Lead-treated
      embryos showed curled toes as a sign of neurological injury, weighed less and
      were smaller in size than controls of the same incubation age. Light microscope
      studies of brain and spinal cord revealed the presence of numerous accumulations
      of blood cells which appeared to accompany the extensive injury found in those
      tissues. Ultrastructure of spinal cord suggests that neuroglial astrocytes in the
      vicinity of blood vessels are altered in leaded embryos. Prominent morphological
      changes were extensive vacuolation and disorganization of the endoplasmic
      reticulum of the cell. The evidence indicates that the spinal cord like the
      developing brain is subject to the biological effects of lead. The results
      encourage further experimentation using the chick embryo for studies of lead
      neuropathies.

PMID- 680580
TI  - Marginal congenital malnutrition on skeletal muscle composition.
AB  - Experiments were performed on well fed and marginally malnourished rats from a
      black and white hooded strain bred for 11 generations. The colony on high protein
      diet was fed a well balanced cubed diet of net dietary protein energy ratio 10%
      (Diet F1). The other colony was fed a cubed diet of net dietary protein energy
      ratio 6.8% (Diet F2). This latter diet is inadequate to maintain normal growth of
      young rats but adequate for the maintenance of adult life. The animals were
      killed at various ages from weaning until they aged 330 days. At various time
      points, the gastrocnemius muscle was excised quantitatively and analysed for RNA.
      Analyses were also made for DNA and protein and the results were discussed in
      terms of RNA/DNA, protein/DNA and RNA/protein ratios. During normal growth and
      development, there was pronounced reduction in the RNA/protein ratio in both
      colonies similar to reported developmental changes on the rate of protein
      synthesis. The cause of failure of the "catch up" growth of the marginally
      malnourished rats was not reduction in RNA concentration but reduction in nuclear
      proliferation and protein accumulation leading to hyperplastic and hypertrophic
      growth failures at most stages.

PMID- 680581
TI  - Regulation of skeletal muscle development by the central nervous system in the
      fetal pig.
AB  - The effect of upper motor neuron regulation on skeletal muscle development was
      studied in the fetal pig. A region of the spinal cord at the level of the upper
      cervical vertebrae was destroyed by cauterization at 45 days of gestation in four
      pig fetuses. Five fetuses with intact spinal cords served as controls.
      Innervation and enzyme activities in the longissimus muscle, the ultrastructure
      and quantitation of satellite cells in the sartorius muscle, and plasma
      composition were evaluated at 110 days of gestation. The terminal innervation
      ratios were similar (P greater than 0.05) for muscles from control and cauterized
      fetuses. Endplate morphology was also similar. Therefore, innervation of newly
      formed primary fibers is not controlled by upper motor neurons after 45 days of
      gestation. Mean values for body weight, percentage of muscle dry weight,
      percentage of myofibers with myonuclei and plasma levels of protein, glucose,
      triglycerides, lactate, and creatine phosphokinase activity were similar (P
      greater than 0.05) between the two groups of fetuses. All but one muscle fiber
      examined was of the secondary fiber type. These observations suggest that the
      physiological maturity of the muscle was not appreciably altered even though
      glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was higher (P greater than 0.05) and
      total phosphorylase activity was lower (P greater than 0.05) in the spinal
      cauterized fetuses than in the control group. The percentage of satellite cells
      was lower when based on the number of myofibers observed (P greater than 0.005)
      or on the number of nuclei contained within the basal lamina (P greater than
      0.001) in the muscle of the spinal cauterized fetuses than in the control
      fetuses. The cytoplasm of satellite cells from the muscles of control fetuses was
      rich in organelles indicative of metabolic and mitotic activity whereas a paucity
      of such organelles was observed in the satellite cells of cauterized fetuses.
      Since the percentage of myofibers that had myonuclei was similar (P greater than
      0.05) for the control and cauterized fetuses, it appeared that the myonuclear
      population was maintained by direct incorporation of the parent satellite cell.

PMID- 680582
TI  - Molar polymorphisms and body growth.
AB  - Body growth at adolescence was later in children of the serial experimental
      sample of the Burlington Growth Centre who had agenesis of third molars of 4
      cusped mandibular permanent first molars. These groups of children tended to have
      later maximum increment of growth, later completion of the growth spurt, less
      adolescent prepeak gain and greater postpeak gain in height and weight than the
      children with four third molars and 5-cusped first molars. Growth of the boys
      differed significantly (P less than 0.05) according to absence or presence of
      third molars, whereas in girls it differed significantly (P less than 0.05) by
      the number of cusps of the mandibular first molars. In skeletal age, the children
      with the molar reductions were slightly advanced before adolescence, fell behind
      during prepeak adolescent growth, and caught up to the other children by the end
      of their growth spurt. Later maturation in association with dental reduction may
      be an evolutionary trend in man.

PMID- 680583
TI  - Body composition, in vitro lipid metabolism and skeletal muscle characteristics
      in fast-growing, lean and in slow-growing, obese pigs at equal age and weight.
AB  - Eight slow-growing feral, obese (Ossabaw) pigs were sacrificed at 45 kg live
      weight and an average age of 170 days and were compared with a group of fast
      growing, lean (Yorkshire) pigs fed the same ration and sacrificed at either 45 kg
      (average age 130 days) or at 170 days (average live weight 90 kg). Body
      composition and various carcass measurements, in vitro adipose tissue metabolism
      and muscle composition were measured. At equal weight, the obese pig had a
      greater percent body fat (40 vs. 23%) and backfat thickness (3.3 vs. 2.0 cm) than
      the lean. At equal age, the difference in percent body fat was not as great (40
      vs. 31%) while backfat thickness was equal. Percent body protein was greater in
      the lean pigs at either equal weight or equal age. In vitro lipolysis, per 100 mg
      adipose tissue, was lower in obese pigs than in lean pigs at equal weight.
      However, obese tissue exhibited a greater lipolytic reaponse to DBcAMP
      stimulation than adipose tissue from lean pigs at equal weight; basal lipolysis
      per total fat mass was similar. At equal age, no differences in lipolysis between
      lean and obese pigs were observed. When compared at either equal age or equal
      weight, weight of semitendinosus muscle, and measurements of muscle RNA and DNA
      were greater in lean compared to obese pigs. RNA/DNA ratios were similar at equal
      weight and age whereas the protein/DNA ratio was lower in lean muscle compared to
      obese at equal weight. The decreased protein deposition in the obese, slow
      growing pigs appeared due to fewer muscle nuclei rather than a decreased cellular
      capacity for protein synthesis.

PMID- 680584
TI  - Reabsorption of sodium in the proximal renal tubule in cirrhosis of the liver.
AB  - Proximal tubular reabsorption was examined in patients with liver cirrhosis and
      ascites by a variety of indirect methods. Maximal diluting ability, urine flow
      rate, and free water clearance were reduced. During frusemide administration
      V/GFR was lower than in normal control subjects, indicating that proximal
      fractional reabsorption is enhanced in liver cirrhosis. This, by reducing Na
      delivery to the loop of Henle, impairs maximal urine osmolality. Mannitol, by
      reducing proximal reabsorption, restores availability of Na to the loop and urine
      concentrating ability during osmotic diuresis, whereas volume expansion with
      dextran was ineffective. This could be due to a persistent increase in renal
      vascular resistance preventing the rise in interstitial pressure responsible for
      driving fluid back into the proximal tubular lumen.

PMID- 680585
TI  - Long-term follow-up of chronic active hepatitis of moderate severity.
AB  - A group of patients with only moderately active chronic hepatitis has been
      studied. The follow-up was long (mean 87 months). All patients except one were
      treated with prednisone and/or azathioprine. Of the hepatitis B virus positive
      patients two-thirds developed cirrhosis between the second and fifth year of
      evolution, while in the hepatitis B negative group this occurred in less than one
      third. The transition to cirrhosis was clinically silent. The patients were all
      allowed to do their normal work except in the terminal stages of cirrhosis. Five
      patients died of causes related to the disease: three patients with cirrhosis and
      hepatocellular carcinoma, one with gallbladder carcinoma, and one from bleeding
      varices. The high incidence of tumour, especially liver-cell carcinoma, may be
      due to a cumulative effect of the presence of hepatitis B virus, cirrhotic
      transformation, and immuno-suppression. The other patients are currently in
      apparently good health.

PMID- 680586
TI  - Congenital hepatic fibrosis: the long-term prognosis.
AB  - The long-term prognosis in congenital hepatic fibrosis has been assessed in 30
      patients, 13 treated at Newcastle and 17 from other British centres. Twenty-four
      patients had been followed-up for more than five years from diagnosis. Shunt
      operations, performed in 18 patients, were successful in controlling haemorrhage
      with a low mortality (1/18), low incidence of recurrent haemorrhage (3/18) and
      portal-systemic encephalopathy (3/18) but with a higher incidence of
      postoperative jaundice (7/18). About a third of the survivors had some evidence
      of hepatic dysfunction but none had chronic portal systemic encephalopathy.
      Intelligence quotient was close to normal but educational achievement and job
      status were low. Serum albumin fell after shunt surgery and a few patients
      developed ascites: anaemia and hypersplenism however, were corrected by surgery.
      Blood ammonia is raised in survivors with congenital hepatic fibrosis and rises
      further after a normal meal; further observations are needed on cerebral function
      after several decades of survival.

PMID- 680588
TI  - Advantages of treatment of ascites without sodium restriction and without
      complete removal of excess fluid.
AB  - Two modifications of the standard method of treatment of ascites in chronic liver
      disease were investigated in three separate randomised trials involving a total
      of 201 patients. These modifications were (1) an unrestricted sodium intake and
      (2) limitation of diuresis to partial removal of ascites, to the point of relief
      of abdominal tension. Mean serum sodium fell significantly in all patient groups
      receiving the low sodium diet and did not fall in the groups given an
      unrestricted diet. Mean serum urea nitrogen rose significantly in the patient
      groups undergoing complete diuresis and did not change in the groups undergoing
      partial diuresis. Mean serum uric acid rose only in the groups undergoing
      complete diuresis. We concluded that the advantages of these two modifications of
      therapy of ascites were increased dietary palatability and decreased likelihood
      of hyponatraemia and of rise in serum urea nitrogen and uric acid. Disadvantages
      included dissatisfaction of patients over incomplete clearing of ascites,
      occasional difficulty in performing diagnostic studies because of prolonged
      ascites, and unsuitability of a high sodium intake in patients whose ascites is
      highly refractory to treatment.

PMID- 680587
TI  - Relationship between serum ferritin and total body iron stores in idiopathic
      haemochromatosis.
AB  - The relationship between the serum ferritin concentration and total body iron
      stores was investigated in 41 patients with idiopathic haemochromatosis and 199
      first or second degree relatives. Thirty-two relatives (16.1%) had increased iron
      stores and serum ferritin levels were increased in all but one of them. The false
      positive rate in the relatives with normal iron stores was 1.8% compared with 10%
      for the serum iron concentration and 33% for the transferrin saturation. There
      was a significant correlation between the serum ferritin concentration and both
      the chelatable body iron and the hepatic iron concentration. We conclude that in
      the natural history of classical idiopathic haemochromatosis the serum ferritin
      concentration is usually raised when hepatic iron stores are increased and before
      there is architectural damage to the liver.

PMID- 680589
TI  - Epithelial cell proliferation in diverse models of experimental cholelithiasis.
AB  - Proliferation of the epithelial cells of the gall bladder during the initial
      stages of experimental cholelithiasis has been studied by autoradiography.
      Rabbits taking a diet with 1% dihydrocholesterol added showed a rise in labelling
      index from 1.5%-19% by three days. Mice taking a 1% cholesterol 0.5% cholic acid
      diet showed a similar rise from less than 1% to 15-21% at two and five days.
      Guinea-pigs receiving lincomycin showed a rise from less than 1% to 6% after 24
      hours. These changes, which appear well before the appearance of gall stones,
      together with previous reports of enhanced mucous secretion during lithogenesis,
      make it clear that in these laboratory models of cholelithiasis the gall bladder
      is abnormal well before stones form.

PMID- 680590
TI  - Intracellular electrolyte depletion in patients with ileostomies.
AB  - Fourteen apparently healthy patients with ileostomies were found to be depleted
      of total exchangeable sodium and potassium, but had normal serum electrolyte
      concentrations and normal extracellular fluid and total body water volumes. The
      low exchangeable sodium and potassiums were thus primarily due to depletion of
      the intracellular compartment. There was no evidence of renal or intestinal
      conservation of these ions and plasma aldosterone, renin activity, and prolactin
      concentrations were normal in most and only moderately raised in a few. This
      apparent lack of any hormonal compensatory change to the electrolyte depletion
      may be due to the normality of the extracellular fluid volume and electrolyte
      concentrations. These patients seem to have adapted to a stable but depleted
      intracellular sodium and potassium state.

PMID- 680591
TI  - Clinical and pathological study of asymptomatic HBsAg carriers in Chile.
AB  - A clinical, biochemical, and pathological study was performed in 38 chronic HBsAg
      carriers. The study group is a part of 393 carriers found among 117 705 voluntary
      blood donors at the National Blood Bank, Hospital del Salvador, Santiago, Chile.
      None of the 38 carriers had a past history of illicit drug abuse, hepatitis, or
      work involving a high risk of hepatitis B virus infection. Ten individuals had a
      normal liver biopsy, 17 reactive non-specific hepatitis, one fatty changes, four
      chr onic persistent hepatitis, one aggressive hepatitis, two post-necrotic
      cirrhosis, and three alcoholic cirrhosis. There was not a close correlation
      between liver function test and liver histology. The most significant laboratory
      finding was the postivity of alpha fetoprotein in two cases. During the follow-up
      the two alpha fetoprotein patients presented a hepatocarcinoma 12 and 14 months
      after admission to the study.

PMID- 680592
TI  - Sialic acids of human large bowel mucosa: o-acylated variants in normal and
      malignant states.
AB  - Five sialic acid variants have been demonstrated in normal, 'transitional', and
      tumour extracts of human large bowel mucosa by thin-layer chromatography. Two
      dimensional thin-layer chromatography, with intermediate alkaline hydrolysis,
      confirmed that the variants were N-acetyl neuraminic acids with additional O
      acylation. Cases studied so far show changes in the proportions of these variants
      in malignancy.

PMID- 680593
TI  - Quantitative comparison of the effects of cholecystokinin, secretin, and
      pentagastrin on gastrointestinal myoelectric activity in the conscious fasted
      dog.
AB  - The effects on gastrointestinal myoelectric activity of infused pentagastrin,
      cholecystokinin (CCK), and secretin at physiological doses were studied in live
      dogs with implanted serosal electrodes during 56 six-hour studies. Pentagastrin
      dose-dependently increased gastric and duodenal slow-wave frequencies; secretin
      and CCK did not. Pentagastrin and CCK diminished the incidence of fasting
      migrating myoelectric complexes (MMCs), but MMCs were abolished only in the
      proximal small intestine. Pentagastrin infusion was not reflected in an increased
      number of spikes, whereas CCK induced a dose-dependent increase in jejunal spike
      activity. Secretin dose-dependently decreased duodenal and jejunal spike
      incidence without a marked effect on MMC incidence. Analysis of patterns of spike
      activity showed significant dose-dependent changes with all three peptides. The
      different effects of pentagastrin and CCK on spike activity in these studies may
      have been a consequence of pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion. None
      of the three peptides produced a pattern of myoelectric activity which closely
      resembled that seen on feeding; since, unlike food, all three peptides had little
      or no effect on the distal small intestine, it seems unlikely that combinations
      of these peptides are responsible for the change induced by food. The failure of
      these peptides to abolish fasting patterns in the distal intestine suggests a
      possible mechanism for some types of post-vagotomy dysfunction.

PMID- 680594
TI  - Alterations of the colonic flora and their effect on the hydrogen breath test.
AB  - The hydrogen breath test was performed by ingestion of 20 g lactulose and
      analysis of end-expiratory air. Eighteen patients undergoing colonoscopy, 17
      receiving antibiotics, 12 prepared for colon surgery, and 15 controls were
      examined. The test was repeated under control conditions in the treated patients.
      Eleven of 55 subjects failed to produce significant amounts of hydrogen under
      control conditions. This 20% proportion of non-hydrogen producers is much higher
      than that reported by other investigators. The hydrogen production was very
      markedly depressed after preparation for colonscopy and antibiotic therapy. The
      effect of neomycin and enemata as used in preparation for colon surgery was less
      marked. Hydrogen production by the colonic flora is thus subject to individual
      variations and may be affected by various therapeutic regimens. All these may
      cause false negative results when using the hydrogen breath test to evaluate
      carbohydrate absorption. The test should therefore not be performed for a
      considerable time after therapeutic manipulation of the colonic flora.

PMID- 680596
TI  - Changes in the electrolyte content of leucocytes at different clinical stages of
      cirrhosis.
AB  - The intracellular sodium, potassium, and water content of isolated leucocytes was
      estimated in 47 patients with cirrhosis. The values for sodium showed a wide
      scatter. In patients without ascites the mean value was significantly increased
      but in those accumulating ascites it was normal, although often reduced in
      individual subjects. Reduced values were found in patients with hyponatraemia
      associated with end-stage cirrhosis and diuretic treatment. Changes in leucocyte
      water content closely followed those in sodium content. Leucocyte potassium
      content was normal except in patients accumulating ascites in whom it was
      significantly reduced, indicating whole body depletion, and this could be
      corrected by administration of spironolactone.

PMID- 680595
TI  - Role of neural influences in the release of gastrin, glucagon, and secretin
      during hypoglycaemia in man.
AB  - Both vagal and sympathetic innervation been have described as influencing hormone
      release from the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas. The role of neural
      influences on the release of gastrin, glucagon, and secretin has been studied
      using the potent autonomic nerve stimulus of hypoglycaemia. Healthy subjects were
      each rendered hypoglycaemic by insulin 0.2 units/kg on three occasions: after
      atropine 20 microgram/kg: after propranolol 160 mg orally, and without prior drug
      administration. Adequate beta-blockade was confirmed by observation of the pusle
      rate response to a standard exercise at the end of the experiment, and by
      measurements of plasma propranolol levels. Hypoglycaemia failed to produce a rise
      in plasma gastrin under either propranolol or control conditions but a
      significant rise was noted with prior atropinisation. The glucagon response to
      hypoglycaemia, when measured with either the C- or N-terminal reactive
      antibodies, was found not to be influenced to any significant extent by either
      beta-blockade or atropinisation. No alteration in plasma secretin levels was
      noted during hypoglycaemia. It therefore appears that neural influences are
      relatively unimportant in the release of gastrin, glucagon, and secretin in man.

PMID- 680598
TI  - Twenty-four hour gastric acidity after vagotomy.
AB  - Twenty-four hour intragastric pH during normal daily activity has been studied by
      nasogastric intubation and aspiration of gastric samples in seven patients four
      years after vagotomy (four truncal, three selective). Two of these patients also
      had pre- and early postoperative studies. Mean pH was inversely correlated with
      basal, insulin- and pentagastrin-stimulated acid outputs. However, one of four
      patients after truncal vagotomy with drainage, and two of three after selective
      vagotomy and drainage had most of their hourly intragastric pH values more acidic
      than pH 3.5 despite more than 70% reductions in preoperative stimulated-acid
      outputs.

PMID- 680597
TI  - Gastrointestinal somatostatin: extraction and radioimmunoassay in different
      species.
AB  - A radioimmunoassay capable of detecting 300 fg somatostatin has been developed
      and levels of the polypeptide in gastrointestinal tissues from man, dog, and rat
      have been measured. Rapid freezing of collected samples and careful control of
      extraction is necessary. Concentrations in different regions of dog antrum (425
      +/- 50 to 773 +/- 254 ng/g tissue) are similar to those in antrum from duodenal
      ulcer patients and control subjects: 614 +/- 125 and 465 +/- 104 ng/g tissue
      respectively. Levels in histologically normal human pancreas (253 +/- 43 ng/g
      tissue) are comparable with those in dog pancreas (333 +/- 66 ng/g tissue),
      whereas in two cases of neonatal hypoglycaemia the concentration exceeded 3000
      ng/g tissue. On gel chromatography the majority of immunoreactive somatostatin
      elutes as the synthetic tetradecapeptide and a small fraction as a larger
      species.

PMID- 680599
TI  - Comparative clinical impact of endoscopic pancreatography, grey-scale
      ultrasonography, and computed tomography (EMI scanning) in pancreatic disease:
      preliminary report.
AB  - Grey-scale ultrasound scanning (US), computed tomography (CT), and endoscopic
      retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) were performed in a series of 50
      patients with known or suspected pancreatic disease. The impact of the individual
      tests were assessed in the relevant clinical context. With a maximum of 100, the
      overall clinical impact score of ERCP (75) exceeded that of CT(63) and US (36).
      In patients with obscure pain, and in those with relapsing pancreatitis, a
      combination of US and ERCP provides good clinical guidance. Computed tomography
      scanning can currently be reserved for documentation of patients with a major
      mass lesion. None of the techniques can detect early pancreatic cancer, except of
      the papilla of Vater, where ERCP is diagnostic. Recommendations for future
      diagnostic strategies may alter as grey-scale ultrasonography and computed
      tomography develop, and, in any case, depend on many factors including local
      expertise, availability, and cost.

PMID- 680600
TI  - Computed tomography, ultrasound, and cholestatic jaundice.
AB  - Computed tomography detected the presence of dilated ducts in 15 of 18 cases with
      extrahepatic obstructive jaundice and demonstrated the obstructing lesion in 18
      out of 25. The cause of the obstruction was detected in the absence of duct
      dilatation, and calculi which were radiolucent on conventional radiographs were
      demonstrated. Ulstrasound detected dilated ducts in eight of 10 cases, but
      demonstrated the cause of the obstruction in only one of 13 cases. Both
      techniques are capable of demonstrating dilated ducts in the majority of cases,
      but computed tomography is better at detecting the cause of the obstruction.

PMID- 680601
TI  - G cell population of the gastric antrum, plasma gastrin, and gastric acid
      secretion in patients with and without duodenal ulcer.
AB  - Estimates of the G cell population were made in 24 resected human pyloric antra
      from counts of cells in multiple samples and from measurements of antral size.
      Measurements had been made previously in 20 subjects of acid output (basal and
      after pentagastrin) and in 10 subjects of plasma gastrin (basal and after insulin
      + bicarbonate). G cells were most dense near the pylorus, but their
      circumferential distribution was even. The G cell populations ranged from 8 to 15
      (mean 10) million in four control patients and from 3 to 43 (mean 18) million in
      15 patients with duodenal ulcer. Those with recurrent ulcer after vagotomy had
      either a low G cell count and incomplete vagotomy, or a high G cell count and
      apparently complete denervation. Two patients with hypergastrinaemia and duodenal
      ulcer had moderate (29 X 10(6)) or marked (56 X 10(6)) excesses of G cells. 'G
      cell hyperplasia' may represent the extreme end of the normal range of G cell
      numbers in the antrum, and can be assessed by semi-quantitative grading of G cell
      hyperplasia in antral biopsies. There were significant direct correlations
      between antral area and G cell density, between peak acid output and G cell
      population, and between basal plasma gastrin and G cell density (but not
      population). We suggest that, in patients with duodenal ulcer, acid and gastrin
      secretion are interrelated and that both are related to the masses of parietal
      cells and of G cells.

PMID- 680602
TI  - Analysis of the effects of food and of digestive secretions on the small
      intestine of the rat: III. Mucosal mass, activity of brush border enzymes, and in
      vivo absorption of galactose, sodium, and potassium.
AB  - A modified Roux-en-y repositioning of rat proximal small intestine resulted in a
      gut segment (A) exposed only to digestive secretions, but not to food and a gut
      segment (B) exposed to food, stomach juice and by reflux only to digestive
      secretions, and a third segment (C) exposed to both, food and digestive
      secretions. The changes in segment A were qualitatively very similar to those
      occurring after removal of luminal nutrition (intravenous feeding, self-emptying
      blind loop, and Thiry Vella loop). These findings support the hypothesis that the
      presence of luminal nutrition is a major factor regulating mucosal mass and
      enzyme activity in rat proximal small intestine. The changes in the luminal
      environment in segment B caused an increase in mucosal mass (in the proximal half
      only), an increase in sucrase activity which paralleled the increase in mucosal
      mass, and no change in activity of alkaline phosphatase which in fact was a
      decrease in activity ;at the cellular level'. Later on the net absorption of
      sodium and potassium was improved and the disappearance of galactose was
      unchanged when referred to unit length of small intestine.In segment C there was
      a small increase in mucosal mass, an increase in activity only for alkaline
      phosphatase, and an improvement of the net absorption of sodium without changes
      in the disappearance of galactose. These changes were compatible with a more
      proximal promotion of a distal gut segment.

PMID- 680603
TI  - Transport of large breakdown products of dietary protein through the gut wall.
AB  - Ferritin or tritium labelled immunoglobulin G may, by electron microscopy, be
      demonstrated entering, within, and leaving the epithelial cells. Quantitative
      studies using various proteins labelled with radioiodine show that large amounts
      of protein bound radioactivity may be demonstrated in the tissues after feeding
      the labelled protein to adult rats by stomach tube. The molecular size of this
      material as determined by sugar gradient ultracentrifugation of tissue extracts
      ranges when IgG is fed from 50,000-20,000 Daltons. The material retains its
      ability to react as antigen with antisera specific to the original molecule:
      precipitation reactions may be obtained in gels and quantitative studies show
      that cnosiderable amounts of the protein-bound radioactivity are still
      specifically precipitable. Such studies have been carried out with alpha-gliadin
      as well as bovine IgG. At 100 days old rats may absorb as much as 40% of a dose
      of bovine IgG in the form of these large molecular breakdown products.

PMID- 680604
TI  - Effect of dopamine infusion on gastric and pancreatic secretion and on gastrin
      release in man.
AB  - The effect of dopamine infusion on basal and pentagastrin-stimulated gastric
      secretion, on basal and secretin-CCK-PZ-stimulated pancreatic secretion, and on
      basal and meal-induced gastrin release has been evaluated in healthy volunteers.
      Both basal and stimulated gastric acid secretion were significantly inhibited
      during dopamine infusion with a significant rebound to pre-infusion values after
      discontinuing dopamine. These effects were prevented by pretreatment with the
      antidopaminergic drug, metoclopramide. A slight but now significant decrease in
      amylase and bicarbonate outputs was also observed during dopamine infusion, while
      gastrin release did not change. These data suggest the existence of dopaminergic
      mechanisms in the regulation of gastric acid secretion in man.

PMID- 680605
TI  - Factors which influenced postoperative complications in patients with ulcerative
      colitis or Crohn's disease of the colon on corticosteroids.
AB  - A retrospective analysis was undertaken of the records of 107 patients with
      Crohn's disease of the colon or with ulcerative colitis who underwent 162
      operations under steroid cover. The study revealed no correlation between steroid
      dosage and postoperative morbidity or mortality. The incidence of wound
      dehiscence and incisional hernia compared favourably with the reports of other
      unselected series of similar patients. Contamination did significantly influence
      results. Septic complications were more frequent when the operative field was
      contaminated and both delayed wound healing and mortality were related to this
      sepsis. A ;clean and dirty' technique was effective in controlling contamination
      during elective bowel division but preoperative bowel perforation and accidental
      entry into the lumen of the bowel during dissection were potentially avoidable
      sources of contamination. Primary healing of the perineal wound after
      proctocolectomy was seldom achieved in contaminated patients where a drain tube
      was brought out through the main perineal incision. When perineal sinuses or
      fistulae followed a proctocolectomy, patients with Crohn's disease had a
      significantly slower rate of healing than did patients with ulcerative colitis.
      However, there was no difference in the healing of abdominal wounds in relation
      to the primary pathology. Even abdominal incisions which were used on more than
      one occasion healed as well as those which were used for the first time. A
      prophylactic antibiotic regime of either ampicillin or tetracycline offered
      little protection against postoperative sepsis. The organisms which caused such
      infections were often insensitive to the two antibiotics.

PMID- 680606
TI  - Response of the skin in dermatitis herpetiformis to a gluten free diet, with
      reference to jejunal morphology.
AB  - Twenty-one patients with dermatitis herpetiformis have been on a gluten free diet
      regularly followed up for at least one year (mean four years). Eighteen patients
      had a 'flat' mucosal appearance (grade III), one patient had moderately severe
      mucosal abnormality (grade II), one patient had mild mucosal abnormality (grade
      I), and one patient had a normal mucosal appearance (grade O). On the diet, 10
      patients had no skin rash and took no dapsone, seven patients controlled the skin
      rash on a lower dose of dapsone, and four noticed no improvement. There was no
      correlation between pre-diet jejunal morphology and response of the skin. A
      repeat jejunal biopsy, on the gluten free diet, was possible in 15 patients.
      While all those with skin improvement showed some improvement in jejunal
      morphology, there was no association between the degree of skin improvement and
      the degree of recovery of the jejunal mucosa.

PMID- 680607
TI  - Enteral bacterial infection as a possible cause of cot death.
AB  - At post mortems performed in cases of cot death, the cause of death has been
      established as due to a variety of pathological changes. In connection with the
      anamnesis data, inflammation in the region of the respiratory system, especially
      of the lungs, infections of the gastrointestinal tract, otitis media and
      electrolyte shifts can in many cases be traced back to a common origin, if we
      assume a bacterioenterotoxin poisoning (which takes a different course in infants
      than in older children or adults). Extensive inquiries prior to the post mortem,
      autopsies performed always by the same method, as well as all the ensuing
      examinations, are indispensable in order to explain the cause of the sudden death
      and to make sure that the results of the post mortem are not influenced by the
      importance the pathologist attributes to a certain method of examination.

PMID- 680608
TI  - The rare silent gene Po of human red cell acid phosphatase in a second family in
      Poland.

PMID- 680609
TI  - Chloroquine intoxication: two case reports.

PMID- 680610
TI  - Comparison of GLC-EMIT analysis for the assay of methadone and its major
      metabolite in urine.
AB  - The enzyme-multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT) was compared with the gas
      liquid chromatographic (GLC) method in the analysis of 130 urine samples from
      subjects receiving methadone treatment and non-methadone controls. The GC method
      allowed the quantitation of 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine,
      and major metabolite of methadone. A good correlation was found between the two
      methods. The advantages of using the EMIT system are discussed.

PMID- 680611
TI  - Problems in brain death determination.
AB  - During the last decade there has been philosophical acceptance of the concept
      that the state of brain death is equivalent to total patient death. The
      application of this concept to clinical medicine has been associated with major
      problems in both the diagnosis of brain death and the medical management of the
      brain dead patient. In our experience with 176 consecutive cases of suspected
      brain death over a seven-year period, we have found that a standardized protocol
      applied by experienced clinicians will minimize these problems.

PMID- 680612
TI  - Interfering basic materials in urine from racing greyhounds.
AB  - Three quinoline amines, 2-aminomethylquinoline, 2-hydroxymethylquinoline and
      quinaldine (2-methylquinoline), are identified in greyhound urine. These amines
      can interfere in the analysis of greyhound material for basic drugs. This is a
      special problem in ultraviolet spectrometry since their extinction coefficients
      are high. Reference analytical data for these quinoline amines and for six
      related compounds are given. The techniques used are infrared spectrometry,
      ultraviolet spectrometry, fluorometry, thin-layer chromatography, gas
      chromatography and mass spectrometry.

PMID- 680613
TI  - The value of succinate dehydrogenase stain in the post-mortem diagnosis of early
      acute myocardial infarction. A forensic study.
AB  - In consecutive medicolegal material comprising 79 persons, the formazan test
      revealed recent myocardial infarction in 16 cases (20%). Only 4 of these cases
      (25%) were demonstrated by macroscopic examination. By means of microscopic
      examination, the 4 infarctions recognized macroscopically and 5 other cases which
      were demonstrated by the formazan test could be confirmed. If the formazan test
      is employed as an independent demonstration of myocardial infarction, a total of
      16 cases could be demonstrated (as mentioned above), or four times as many as at
      macroscopic examination at autopsy.

PMID- 680614
TI  - Thermostability of ABO(H) blood-group antigens in human teeth.

PMID- 680615
TI  - Comments on "suicide by injection of snake venom".

PMID- 680616
TI  - [Long-term treatment with psychoverlan in children and adolescents with behavior
      disorders].
AB  - Numerous pharmacological and clinical long-term studies on mono-magnesium-L
      glutamate-hydrobromide. H2O were reason to undertake another trial in adolescents
      with reactive behavioral abnormalities. The aim of the study was to assess the
      effecacy of Psychoverlan in abolishing or improving these symptoms and to reveal
      any possible drug-induced side effects. In a long-term study 19 young females
      were treated with Psychoverlan capsules or syrup for an average of 11.4 months.
      Intolerance phenomena and side-effects were not seen. It was even decided to
      increase the standard dose. None of the patients developed brominism or bromine
      intoxication. The general state of health of 13 of the 19 subjects was improved
      by the harmonizing effect of the drug on psychic and vegetative functions.
      Tiredness and somnolence were not observed.

PMID- 680617
TI  - [Physician--patient--environment].

PMID- 680618
TI  - [Critical disorders of circulatory regulation. The vago-vasal syncope].
AB  - Disturbances in regulation of circulation dependent vagovasal syncope in
      combination with fright-shock-syncope or psychasthenic faint can easily be
      controlled. General treatment like lying down and elevation of the legs is
      required. The use of medicaments is rarely indicated. Precise recognition of the
      symptoms is necessary to differentiate against more serious causes of a sudden
      faint.

PMID- 680619
TI  - [Frequent anal and perianal disorders and their treatment].
AB  - Anal fissures, internal hemorrhoids and perianal thromboses are very common and
      frequent diseases. Diagnosis is simple even with limited experience in endoscopy.
      Treatment of the anal fissure consists in slow dilatation with a bougie in cases
      of acute fissues if the sphincter internus muscle is not highly spastic, in cases
      of chronic or very painful acute fissures a posterior or lateral sphincterotomy
      should be performed. Hemorrhoids can be treated with different methods, the
      optimal conservative treatment is by injection of phenol. In cases of prolapsing
      hemorrhoids an operation should be performed. Perianal thromboses should be
      opened by incision. The different methods of treatment are described.

PMID- 680620
TI  - [The virostatic effect of adenine-arabinoside monophosphate. Experimental
      findings and preliminary clinical experiences].
AB  - Adenine arabinoside (Ara-A), a synthetic nucleoside, is an antiviral agent, which
      is effective against poxviruses and viruses of the herpes group. The
      monophosphate (Ara-AMP) has the great advantage of better solubility, compared to
      the parent compound. Experimental studies show the outstanding effect of Ara-AMP
      on the encephalitis by vaccinia-virus in white mice. Even after immunesuppression
      by total body irradiation, the survival rate of the Ara-AMP treated animals was
      significantly higher compared to the untreated controls. In experimental vaccinia
      virus infections in rabbits, who had undergone total body irradiation. Ara-AMP
      has a favourable influence upon the course of the disease and the prognosis. Some
      clinical observations in children with immunesuppression, who suffered from
      generalized zoster of varicella-infections, are reported. Furthermore in cases of
      viral encephalitis Ara-AMP was successful. Controlled studies of a greater number
      of patients on the therapeutic value of Ara-AMP in infections with DNS-viruses
      are needed.

PMID- 680621
TI  - [Drug safety--drug testing. Inclusion of private physicians in the clinical
      testing. Compiled from publications in the federal health journal].

PMID- 680622
TI  - [The Hippocratic oath].

PMID- 680623
TI  - [Pseudomembranous colitis after antibiotics therapy].
AB  - Pseudomembranous colitis may arise as a severe complication of chemotherapy with
      antibiotics. Lincomycin and clindamycin are especially incriminated, but the
      condition has also been reported after treatment with other broad-spectrum
      antibiotics. The endoscopic findings are suggestive, though not specific. Overall
      mortality is estimated to be 10--20%. There is an increased risk in patients with
      a previous history and pseudomembranous colitis in relatives of these patients.

PMID- 680624
TI  - [Isolation of soluble tumor-associated antigens of human malignant melanoma].
AB  - Experiments were started with an animal model: Tumor antigens could be
      solubilized from fibrosarcomas of inbred guinea pigs by extraction with
      physiological saline. Extracts were fractionated by ammoniumsulfate
      precipitation, gel filtration, ion exchange chromatography, and polyacrylamide
      electrophoresis. Skin tests and leucocyte migration assays could detect antigenic
      activity in a number of fractions different with respect to size and charge. A
      less heterogeneous antigen could be extracted with phenol-water from guinea pig
      fibrosarcomas. Tumor associated antigens could be demonstrated in phenol-water
      extracts of human melanoma by leucocyte migration tests. Weak migration reactions
      were found with leucocytes from melanoma patients, not with leucocytes from
      controls. The frequency of positive results was similar in patients with and
      without metastases. No antibodies against antigens of phenol-water extracts could
      be detected in sera from melanoma patients. No antibodies against tumor
      associated substances could be demonstrated after immunization of rabbits with
      phenol-water extracts. Antigens extracted by phenol-water seem to be weak
      immunogens. Radioactive antigens were extracted from membranes of labelled cell
      cultures of human melanoma. Antigenic activity was assayed by double immune
      precipitation followed by sodium-dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide-electrophoresis.
      Yields from available cell quantities were too small for further purification and
      clinical studies.

PMID- 680625
TI  - [Effects and side effects of benzbromaron in the initial treatment of
      hyperuricemia and gout. Results of a field study on 3899 patients].
AB  - In a collective of 3899 out-patients, the effect of uric acid reduction of
      benzbromarone was tested. Ten days after beginning of treatment, a uric acid
      concentration of 5.1 to 5.7 mg/100 ml had been obtained. Three months after
      beginning of therapy, uric acid values were at 4.9 mg/100 ml, independently of
      age and sex. As side-effects were observed:diarrhoea in 1% (n = 41) of the
      treated patients, furthermore, 0,8% (n = 31) complained of gastro-intestinal
      trouble such as pressure over the stomach, nausea, sensation of fullness and
      epigastric pain. Only in 2 of the 3899 patients (0.05%) the appearance of a renal
      colic was observed.

PMID- 680626
TI  - Muscle metabolism during exercise in diabetics and in obese during starvation.
AB  - The influence of exercise on forearm muscle metabolism was examined in 9 healthy
      subjects, in 16 diabetics and in 4 obese subjects during complete starvation.
      During exercise glucose uptake rose 7-8 fold in the controls. However, no
      increase of glucose uptake was observed in the other groups studied. Moreover, a
      glucose production from the working muscle took place in about 40 percent of both
      the diabetic patients and the starved obese subjects. The nonutilization of
      glucose during physical work in the diabetic like states was accompanied by a
      significantly diminished lactate output. The arterial concentration of FFA,
      glycerol beta-HOB and Acac was markedly elevated in the starved obese patients.
      The FFA-uptake at rest and during exercise, however, was not different from
      results of controls. Whereas an effux of beta-HOB has been observed during
      exercise, Acac uptake was increased in these patients. It is suggested that in
      maturity onset and starvation diabetes glycolysis is inhibited.

PMID- 680627
TI  - Non-glucoregulatory hormones (T4, T3, rT3, TSH, testosterone) during physical
      exercise in juvenile type diabetics.
AB  - Non-glucoregulatory hormones (T4, T3, rT3, TSH and testosterone) were studied by
      radioimmunoassay in juvenile-type diabetics in moderate control and in ketosis
      due to insulin withdrawal and in age matched "normals" during a mild prolonged
      exercise test. The basal serum hormone levels revealed the following findings:
      Serum testosterone was markedly lower in diabetics than in normals ( 177 +/- 24
      resp. 618 +/- 52 ng/dl). This is in contrast to other studies, but it may reflect
      decreased testicular function due to an early, clinically not apparent
      atherosclerotic disease. Serum T3 was significantly lower in diabetics than in
      normals (110 +/- 16 resp. 145 +/- 19), suggesting an early "low T3-syndrome" in
      juvenile-type diabetics. However, increased serum rT3 levels were not observed,
      and serum T4 and TSH were normal. Mild prolonged exercise had no major effects on
      these nonglucoregulatory hormones. In juvenile-type diabetics the degree of
      metabolic control had no influence on the response of the mentioned hormones.
      However, an increased cortisol/testosterone ratio in ketotic diabetics in the
      basal state with a further increase during exercise was demonstrated, indicating
      an aggravation of the catabolic state in these patients during exercise.

PMID- 680628
TI  - The effect of altered autonomic tone on alanine induced insulin secretion.
AB  - The effect of pharmacologically induced altered autonomic tone upon alanine
      stimulated insulin release was examined in adult norgrel dogs. In control
      studies, intravenous administration of alanine, 1 gm/kg body weight resulted in a
      mean rise in plasma insulin concentration from basal levels of 7.4 (+/- 2) MUU/ml
      to a maximum of 24.5 (+/- 6) muU/ml by 10 minutes after injection. In paired
      studies, epinephrine infusion or atropine administration had no significant
      effect on the insulin rise in response to the alanine stimulus. This data
      indicates that in contrast to a glucose stimulus, the insulin response to the
      amino acid alanine is not influenced by epinephrine or cholinergic blockade.
      These studies provide further evidence that alanine acts through alternate
      pathways, different from those utilized by glucose to effect insulin secretion.

PMID- 680629
TI  - Early effects of feeding upon hormonal and metabolic alterations in adult rats
      with ventromedial (VMH) lesions.
AB  - The importance of the nutritional state for the development of metabolic
      alterations after ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) destructions has been
      investigated. In the first experiment, groups of fed and 12 hours fasted animals
      were operated, given an intraperitoneal injection of 3H2O (1 mCi), and left
      without food until sacrificed 12 hours postoperatively. The lipogenesis in liver
      and adipose tissue, and the plasma levels of insulin, glucose, urea, free fatty
      acids (FFA) and triglycerides (TG) were measured. Animals operated in the fed
      state had increased lipogenesis in parametrial adipose tissue and hypoglycemia
      compared to their controls, whereas we found no differences between the groups
      which had been fasted 12 hours before surgery. In the second experiment, animals
      were deprived of food for 12 hours before being lesioned or sham-operated, and
      for 12 more hours postoperatively. They were then given one meal by stomach tube,
      and groups were killed 2, 4, 8 and 12 hours later. The following differences
      between groups were observed: 2 hours after feeding, the lesioned animals had
      increased plasma TG levels, but decreased liver lipogenesis. 4 hours after
      feeding, animals with lesions were hypoglycemic, and had lower plasma levels of
      FFA and TG than the controls. Hypoglycemia in lesioned animals was found also 8
      hours after feeding, together with increased plasma TG levels. 12 hours after
      feeding, increased liver lipogenesis in lesioned animals was the only difference
      observed between the groups. The third and last experiment investigated the
      effect of three meals given 12, 18 and 24 hours postoperatively. Lesioned animals
      sacrificed 4 hours after the third meal had hypoglycemia, increased plasma TG
      levels, and increased lipogenesis, both in liver and adipose tissue. The
      metabolic differences between lesioned and sham-operated animals persisted also 8
      hours after the last meal, except for the lipogenesis in adipose tissue. No
      differences in plasma insulin levels between animals with lesions or sham
      operations were observed in these experiments.

PMID- 680630
TI  - Thyroid function in acute intermittent porphyria: a neurogenic cause of
      hyperthyroidism?
AB  - Thyroid function was investigated in 17 patients with acute intermittent
      porphyria (AIP). In 13 patients in remission and latent for the disease, thyroid
      function was normal. In contrast, transient hyperthyoridism with elevated total
      T4, T3 free T4 and T3, and FTI levels occurred in one pregnant patient with
      severe attacks of AIP, and similar, though less pronounced, alterations in
      thyroid function were found in three other symptomatic female patients. It is
      suggested that increased thyroidal sympathetic neural stimulation is responsible
      for these changes in thyroid function.

PMID- 680631
TI  - Effect of hormone on human mammary duct in vitro.
AB  - Human mammary ducts were maintained in median-term organ culture. DNA synthesis
      was assessed by the uptake of 3H-thymidine in epithelial cells; labeling indices
      were counted on autoradiographies. DNA synthesis grossly remained between
      starting values in the basic conditions without hormones. Insulin (5
      microgram/ml) did not stimulate the uptake of the isotope as compared with the
      controls. Estradiol (0.001 microgram/ml) and progesterone (1 microgram/ml) highly
      significantly enhanced DNA synthesis; subsequent waves did occur.

PMID- 680632
TI  - Calcitonin diuretic effect in the rabbit.
AB  - In an attempt to study the renal effects of Calcitonin (porcine CT) in the
      rabbit, the excreted fractions of filtered water, osmolality, sodium, potassium
      and chloride, and the calcium and phosphorus urinary excretions were studied
      during isotonic (ISD) and hypertonic (HSD) saline diuresis. Four doses (0.1, 0.8,
      4 and 20 IU MRC/kg were perfused during one hour in I.S.D.; 4 and 20 IU MRC/kg in
      HSD. During ISD, Calcitonin at doses of 4 and 20 IU MRC/kg/hr significantly
      increased the diuresis and the Na+, Cl-, K+, PO4 3-, Ca2+ excreted fractions.
      This effect was also observed, to a lesser extent, at a dose of 0.8 IU MRC/kg/hr,
      whereas 0.1 IU MRC/kg/hr produced no significant effect. During ISD, a log dose
      related effect of CT appeared to exist with all studied parameters. Moreover, a
      biphasic pattern of free-water clearance was observed during ISD: this parameter
      increased during the first half hour of CT perfusion, and then decreased
      dramatically. During HSD, CT perfusion induced a decrease of free-water
      reabsorption and urinary osmolality/plasma osmolality ratio. These results
      suggest that the diuretic effect and saliuretic effect of CT (in the rabbit) are
      mainly the consequence of the decrease of the proximal reabsorption of sodium.
      The possibility of a second site of action is discussed. The diuretic effects of
      CT are compared to data observed with the well-known diuretic drugs.

PMID- 680633
TI  - Transrenal gradient of serum somatostatin-like immunoreactivity in the rat.

PMID- 680634
TI  - Plasma lipids and gastro-intestinal hormones in subjects with gallstones.

PMID- 680635
TI  - The effect of reduced water intale on peripheral plasma levels of prolactin in
      heifers.

PMID- 680636
TI  - Amniotic fluid, maternal and fetal blood insulin in overweight pregnant women.
AB  - The effect of excessive maternal weight gain on insulin levels during pregnancy
      (15 cases) was compared with the insulin levels in a control group (20 normal
      pregnancies) by radioimmunologic determination of insulin in the amniotic fluid
      and in maternal and fetal blood. The mean values of insulin in the control group
      were as follows: mother 24.9 +/- 0.51, fetus 10.86 +/- 0.48 and amniotif fluid
      6.08 +/- 0.42 muU/ml, and in patients with excessive weight gain during
      pregnancy, maternal insulin mean values were 39.45 +/- 1.86, fetal 20.99 +/- 3.39
      and amniotic fluid 12.25 +/- 1.15 muU/ml. Insulin concentrations in maternal
      blood (P less than 0.001), fetal blood (P less than 0.001) and amniotic fluid (P
      less than 0.001) were higher in excessive weight gain pregnancies as compared to
      the control group.

PMID- 680637
TI  - The metabolism in man of (3H)-5alpha-16-androsten-3alpha-ol and of (3H)-5alpha-16
      androsten-3-one.
AB  - The in vitro metabolism in man of two 16-androstene steroids, 5alpha-16-androsten
      3-one and 5alpha-16-androsten-3alpha-ol, has been studied using 3H-labelled
      tracers. 4 healthy subjects (2 of each sex) were chosen, and each labelled
      steroid was administered, by a single injection, to 1 man and 1 woman.
      Disappearance of (3H)-3alpha-androstenol in the subjects receiving this compound
      followed a curve which indicated a two-pool distribution in both cases; metabolic
      clearance rates for these subjects were found to be 3,790 1/24 h in the man and
      3,120 1/24 h in the woman. Blood production rates calculated for the 3alpha
      androstenol-treated subjects were 875 microgram/24 h in the man and 1,780
      microgram/24 h in the woman. Recovery of 3H in the urine of all 4 subjects was
      very low, between 28 and 42%. Conversion of the injected precursors to urinary
      3alpha-androstenol was 13.5 and 12.7% in the 2 men and 6.1 and 5.9% in the 2
      women. The male subjects were found to have a lower 24-hour urinary 3alpha
      androstenol output (570 and 387 microgram/24 h) than the average for men of their
      age. The urinary 3alpha-androstenol output in the women was 225 and 276
      microgram/24 h, and was within the normal range for women. The urine production
      rates of 3alpha-androstenol were 2,470 and 4,090 microgram/24 h in the male and
      female subjects, respectively; the difference between the blood and urine
      production rates of this compound are thought to indicate the direct secretion of
      conjugates. Urine production rates of 5alpha-androstenone (measured as 3alpha
      androstenol) were 2,370 and 4,340 microgram/24 h in the male and female subjects,
      respectively.

PMID- 680638
TI  - [Hemoglobin XXIII: note on the sequence of the delta-chains of human hemoglobin
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The minor component of the human adult hemoglobin Hb A2 (alpha2/delta2) was
      isolated. The peptide chains were separated by counter current distribution, the
      delta-chains digested with trypsin and all hydrolysis splitting products
      separated and quantitatively characterized. With the film technique the different
      peptides were sequenced with hydrophilic phenylisothiocyanates I and IV or by the
      propyne programme. The complete sequence of the delta-chains is given and
      compared with the sequence reported in former investigations, in which the delta
      chain sequence was only partly elucidated. Having completely sequenced the delta
      chains of the human hemoglobin, we found the 10 previously reported exchanges and
      no additional exchanges with respect to the beta-chains.

PMID- 680639
TI  - Distribution of metabolites between the cytosolic and mitochondrial compartments
      of hepatocytes isolated from fed rats.
AB  - In isolated hepatocytes from normal fed rats, the subcellular distribution of
      malate, citrate, 2-oxoglutarate, glutamate, aspartate, oxaloacetate, acetyl-CoA
      and CoASH has been determined by a modified digitonin method. Incubation with
      various substrates (lactate, pyruvate, alanine, oleate, oleate plus lactate,
      ethanol and aspartate) markedly changed the total cellular amounts of
      metabolites, but their distribution between the cytosolic and mitochondrial
      compartments was kept fairly constant. In the presence of lactate, pyruvate or
      alanine, about 90% of cellular aspartate, malate and oxaloacetate, and 50% of
      citrate was located in the cytosol. The changes in acetyl-CoA in the cytosol were
      opposite to those in the mitochondrial space, the sum of both remaining nearly
      constant. The mitochondrial acetyl-CoA/CoASH ratio ranged from 0.3-0.9 and was
      positively correlated with the rate of ketone body formation. The
      mitochondrial/cytosolic (m/c) concentration gradients for malate, citrate, 2
      oxoglutarate, glutamate, aspartate, oxaloacetate, acetyl-CoA and CoASH averaged
      from hepatocytes under different substrate conditions were determined to be 1.0,
      8.8, 1.6, 2.2, 0.5, 0.7, 13 and 40, respectively. From the distribution of
      citrate, a pH difference of 0.3 across the inner mitochondrial membrane was
      calculated, yet lower values resulted from the m/c gradients of 2-oxoglutarate,
      glutamate and malate. The mass action ratios for citrate synthase and
      mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase have been calculated from the metabolite
      concentrations measured in the mitochondrial pellet fraction. A comparison with
      the respective equilibrium constants indicates that in intact hepatocytes,
      neither enzyme maintains its reactants at equilibrium. On the assumption that
      mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase and 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase operate
      near equilibrium, the concentration of free oxaloacetate appears to be 0.3-2
      micron, depending on the substrate used. Plotting the calculated free
      mitochondrial oxaloacetate concentration against the citrate concentration
      measured in the mitochondrial pellet yielded a hyperbolic saturation curve, from
      which an apparent Km of citrate synthase for oxaloacetate in the intact cells of
      2 micron can be derived, which is comparable to the value determined with
      purified rat liver citrate synthase. The results are discussed with respect to
      the supply of substrates and effectors of anion carriers and of key enzymes of
      the tricarboxylic acid cycle and fatty acid biosynthesis.

PMID- 680640
TI  - [Improved preparation of des-alanylB30-insulin (author's transl)].
AB  - Des-AlaB30-insulin was prepared by incubation of insulin with carboxypeptidase A.
      The C-terminal alanineB30 of the B-chain was quantitatively liberated without
      liberating asparagineA21 of the A-chain in ammonium hydrogencarbonate buffer.

PMID- 680641
TI  - Subcellular distribution of [14C]5-hydroxytryptamine in the blood platelets of
      rabbits: effects of imipramine and and haloperidol.
AB  - Long-term (10 days) administration of imipramine [20 mg/(kg X d)] to rabbits
      significantly increases the Km value (4.0 micron) of 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake
      in their platelets compared to those of saline- (0.7 micron) or haloperidol- (0.4
      micron) treated rabbits. Administration of haloperidol inhibits the 5
      hydroxytryptamine uptake non-competitively, and in vitro it had an ID50 value of
      22 micron. Intravenous injections of [14C]5-hydroxytryptamine were given to the
      animals 1 h before blood collection. After isolation of platelets, their
      sonicates were subjected to 30-60% continuous sucrose gradient centrifugation.
      The subcellular distribution of [14C]5-hydroxytryptamine indicates that
      imipramine treatment, in contrast to the control and haloperidol treatment, led
      to a shift in the exogenous 5-hydroxytryptamine peak from within the granular
      zone (d 1.18) to the extragranular cytoplasm (d 1.15). Compared to control
      values, the imipramine treatment caused 63% inhibition in the platelet Na-K
      ATPase activity.

PMID- 680642
TI  - Structure-function studies on red pigment-concentrating hormone; the significance
      of the terminal residues.
AB  - The significance of the terminal residues of the red pigment-concentrating
      hormone (RPCH: Glu-Leu-Asn-Phe-Ser-Pro-Gly-Trp-NH2) for its blanching effect on
      crustacean chromatophores has been investigated. The chemical synthesis of the
      following small analogues, starting from the C-terminal amino acid are described:
      Ac-Trp-NH2, Boc-Gly-Trp-NH2, Ac-Gly-Trp-NH2, Gly-Trp-NH2, Ac-Pro-Gly-Trp-NH2, Glu
      Trp-NH2, Glu-Pro-Gly-Trp-NH2, Ac-Pro-Gly and Glu-Pro-Gly-NH2. Assay of the
      biological activity of the various synthetic compounds in the shrimp Leander
      adspersus has established that only the C-terminal tryptophan residue is
      indispensable for the blanching effect of the hormone, although elongation of the
      chain length improves its potency.

PMID- 680643
TI  - Fructose, a substrate for energy-yielding metabolism in the heart?
AB  - Effects of fructose and glucose on cardiac function and 14CO2 production from
      radioactive hexoses were studied in isolated working guinea pig hearts perfused
      at constant filling pressure via the left atrium. When hearts were perfused
      without exogenous substrates external work declined, indicating exhaustion of
      endogenous energy sources. It was possible to restore left ventricular function
      with concentrations of glucose in the physiological range; in order to achieve a
      similar restoration with fructose as the only exogenous substrate concentrations
      higher than 40mM were necessary. 14CO2 necessary. 14CO2 production from [U
      14C]glucose was half-maximal at about 2mM glucose. On the other hand, 14CO2
      production from [U-14C]fructose did not show saturation kinetics and, at
      concentrations around 2mM, was less than 5% of the rates observed with [U
      14C]glucose. Moreover, fructose oxidation was suppressed in the presence of 5mM
      glucose. The data suggest that fructose cannot serve as a major substrate in the
      heart under in vivo conditions.

PMID- 680644
TI  - Uptake of thymidine into isolated rat hepatocytes. Evidence for two transport
      systems.
AB  - Thymidine transport was studied in isolated rat hepatocytes. In these cells no
      phosphorylation of the substrate by thymidine kinase occurred subsequent to
      transport. Results from studies of the concentration-dependent uptake of
      thymidine indicated two transport systems with about 80-fold differences in their
      kinetic constants. These systems were denoted as high affinity [Km = 5.3 micron,
      V = 0.47 pmol/(10(6) cells X s)] and low affinity systems [Km = 480 micron, V =
      37.6 pmol/(10(6) cells X s)]. From intracellular to extracellular distribution
      ratios of [3H]thymidine it could be concluded that the uptake by the high
      affinity system was a concentrative process while the transport by the low
      affinity system was non-concentrative. The uptake of [3H]-thymidine by the high
      affinity system could only be inhibited by unlabeled thymidine. In contrast, all
      other nucleosides tested (uridine, 2'-deoxycytidine, and 2'-deoxyguanosine) were
      equally effective in inhibiting the low affinity system competitively. The
      results would suggest that in hepatocytes lacking phosphorylation by thymidine
      kinase, thymidine is taken up by a high and a low affinity system working in
      tandem. The high affinity system seems to be an active transport process with
      narrow substrate specificity. Thymidine uptake by the low affinity system is a
      facilitated diffusion process. This system is considered to be a common transport
      route for nucleosides of different structures.

PMID- 680645
TI  - Subunit structure of Micrococcus luteus catalase. Dissociation of M. luteus
      catalase induced by dodecylsulfate, citraconic and 2,3-dimethylmaleic anhydrides
      and urea.
AB  - M. luteus catalase dissociates upon treatment with urea, dodecylsulfate and
      anhydrides into monomers, the molecular weight of which appears to be 1/4 of that
      of the native enzyme. The urea-induced dissociation depends upon the incubation
      time, the urea concentration and the pH of the incubation mixture. Reassociation
      of the subunits proved to be unsuccessful. Native M. luteus catalase only
      contains 30% alpha-helix. When fully dissociated in presence of urea, it still
      retains 15% alpha-helix. Catalase from M. luteus was found to lack cysteine
      residues.

PMID- 680646
TI  - Enzymic hydrolysis of sulphosphingolipids and sulphoglycerolipids by sulphatase A
      in the presence and absence of activator protein.

PMID- 680647
TI  - Ultrastructural features of the colonic epithelium in familial polyposis coli.
AB  - Colectomy specimens from 6 cases of familial polyposis coli (FPC) were examined.
      Macroscopically normal mucosa between polyps was taken at intervals along the
      ascending, transverse and descending colons and studied at EM level. All three
      regions show the same cell populations varying only in their ratio and height of
      the epithelium. The same cell types seen in the normal crypt epithelium are
      present in the mucosa from FPC. As in the normal, 'intermediate' cells are
      present in FPC but they are less conspicuous than in the mucosa adjacent to
      colonic carcinoma. However, there are ultrastructural features which distinguish
      the "normal" mucosa in FPC from the true normal: (a) the presence of "clear
      columnar" cells; (b) increased vesiculation in the absorptive cells; (c) large
      number of lysosomes; and (d) the presence of small electron-dense bodies. The
      ultrastructure of the "clear columnar" cells suggests their being incompletely
      differentiated cells, thus raising the possibility that their presence in the
      upper crypt and surface epithelium may represent an early stage in the process of
      polyp and cancer formation.

PMID- 680648
TI  - Detection of neoplastic and preneoplastic urothelia by combined scanning and
      transmission electron microscopy of urinary surface of human and rat bladders.
AB  - Scanning and transmission electron microscopy reveal distinct differences between
      the appearance of the luminal surface membrane of normal urothelium and those of
      transitional cell tumours of both human and rat bladder. The luminal surface
      membrane of the preneoplastic rat urothelium shows features similar to those seen
      in the fully developed tumour. In human tumour-bearing bladders the urothelium
      away from the transitional cell tumour is not recognizable as being preneoplastic
      by light microscopy. However, by scanning or transmission electron microscopy,
      the luminal membrane in some areas shows changes identical to those in the
      preneoplastic rat bladder. These observations are in accordance with the clinical
      behaviour of the urothelium in patients with vesical transitional cell tumours
      which tend to recur in disparate site. We suggest that scanning electron
      microscopy of the bladder urothelium away from the tumour may be of prognostic
      value for indicating the subsequent biological behaviour of the urothelium.

PMID- 680649
TI  - Morphology and staining patterns of endocrine cell tumours in the gut, pancreas
      and bronchus and their possible significance.
AB  - We have studied 109 endocrine cell tumours of the gastrointestinal tract,
      pancreas and bronchus in terms of histological pattern and histochemical staining
      with immunocytochemical studies on seven tumours. As a result we believe that
      previous histological classifications need modification. 5-Hydroxytryptamine
      secreting tumours have a carcinoid (A1) pattern with, in some cases, an
      additional tubuloacinar element (A1A2) and definable histochemical reactions;
      well differentiated gastrinomas, insulinomas and glucagonomas are associated
      commonly, but not exclusively, with particular histological patterns and
      argyrophilia, but no such association exists for less differentiated tumours.
      This may be related to the synthesis of precursor hormones by less differentiated
      tumours. Mixed patterns are common, particularly in tumours of foregut
      derivation. Prospective studies planned to correlate histology, histochemistry,
      immunocytochemistry and ultrastructure are needed on all endocrine cell tumours.

PMID- 680650
TI  - Standardization and the histopathology of tumours.
AB  - Standardization of tumor classifications is a prerequisite in facilitating
      international communication in cancer research. Standardized classifications are
      not meant to replace, or compete with, conceptual classifications. The World
      Health Organization's efforts in this field give consideration to definitions of
      tumour types, terminology, formats of categorization, and codes.

PMID- 680651
TI  - Localization of glomerular "deposits" in Henoch--Schonlein nephritis.
AB  - Twenty-five renal biopsies from patients with Henoch--Schonlein nephritis were
      examined using light microscopy, immunofluorescence, 1 micrometer plastic
      embedded sections and electron microscopy. The 1 micrometer plastic-embedded
      sections and electron microscopy showed deposits in mesangial, subendothelial and
      subepithelial sites. Some of the latter were very large and similar to those
      which have been described as "humps" in acute proliferative glomerulonephritis.
      Immunofluorescence showed the mesangial deposition of IgG, IgA and C3 with
      extension into a peripheral position in some cases. Fibrin was frequently found
      associated with crescents. The case for Henoch--Schonlein disease being mediated,
      in part at least, by immune complex deposition, is presented.

PMID- 680652
TI  - A hospital for all seasons.
AB  - Seasonal variations in occupancy, cash flow, staffing patterns, and emergency
      department activity are familiar to any hospital, but institutions located in
      seasonal resort areas must cope with more extreme variations than do most
      hospitals. Mount Desert Island Hospital, Bar Harbor, ME, has developed several
      innovative means of handling slack periods in wintertime and intense activity in
      the summer.

PMID- 680653
TI  - Outdated information--for shame.

PMID- 680654
TI  - Energy management: total program considers all building's systems.
AB  - Managing energy consumption, containing fuel usage, and preparing for alternate
      fuel sources are immediate areas for concern and action for all health care
      providers. The authors describe how they are meeting the challenge of increased
      energy costs and reduced availability while maintaining high-quality care by
      applying the concept of total energy management.

PMID- 680655
TI  - Cycling equipment to save energy--potential adverse effects.

PMID- 680656
TI  - Housekeeping: customized training program keyed to hospital's procedures, staff.
AB  - Thoughtfully developed, conscientiously applied housekeeping employee training
      programs are all too scarce. The program described was customized to fit an
      individual hospital's standard procedures, and it used volunteer models from
      among the workers to illustrate the video portion of the program. Recognition of
      employee merit and effective supervision and follow-up were two other key
      elements.

PMID- 680657
TI  - In-service training room offers multiple uses.

PMID- 680658
TI  - Some techniques and resources for developing an in-house program.

PMID- 680659
TI  - Merging teaching hospitals, multihospital systems eyed.

PMID- 680660
TI  - Brooklyn bed need findings rebutted by hospital group over claim of 'excess'
      beds.

PMID- 680662
TI  - Massachusetts OKs first independent HMO insurance plan.

PMID- 680661
TI  - HEW accepts JCAH standards.

PMID- 680663
TI  - New dialysis unit in older building meets codes, expands department.

PMID- 680664
TI  - Emphasis on delineating clinical privileges.

PMID- 680665
TI  - Applying data from closed claims studies to hospitals.

PMID- 680666
TI  - Hospital indicators: reconciling the panel and annual survey statistics.

PMID- 680667
TI  - Joint planning--how a hospital and a city carried it off.
AB  - Methodist Hospital of Indiana, Inc., and the City of Indianapolis, both having a
      strong commitment to redevelopment, designed a long-range project in which the
      hospital, as the dominant permanent institution of its inner-city neighborhood,
      played an important part in solving the problems faced by the entire community.

PMID- 680669
TI  - Understanding trustees' concerns promotes board development.
AB  - A hospital's CEO has a major responsibility to promote development of the board
      into an effective, competent, functioning body. To do so, he must understand the
      special problems, fears, and risks that trustees confront in the health care
      setting; allow and expect the board to fulfill its own role; and provide a
      supportive environment in which the board can function and develop.

PMID- 680668
TI  - Patients and staff favor night ministry program.
AB  - Patients often are more receptive to pastoral care during the night hours than
      during the day. When a chaplain remains in the hospital through the night, he is
      able to translate his religious calling into concern and love where it is most
      needed.

PMID- 680670
TI  - Mobile critical care unit safeguards lives during transfers.
AB  - Providing access to high-quality critical care services for patients in small or
      remote hospitals is an important problem faced by many hospitals in this country.
      In an effort to meet the needs of critically ill patients who might be saved if
      they could be safely transported from their community hospitals to a large
      medical center with more specialized care capabilities, the University of
      Wisconsin Hospitals, Madison, designed a Mobile Critical Care Unit. The details
      of the unit's construction and of the program's operation are presented herein.

PMID- 680671
TI  - Nursing aide training by community saves hospital time, space, money.
AB  - A hospital's staff development department and the community's public school adult
      education division jointly established an out-of-hospital training program for
      nursing aides and orderlies. This arrangement has enabled the hospital to devote
      more resources to other high educational priorities. It also has ensured
      effective training for the students and excellent employment opportunities for
      the graduates.

PMID- 680672
TI  - Orientation program for nursing aides trained out-of-hospital.

PMID- 680673
TI  - Contract radiologists alleged that hospital breached agreement.

PMID- 680674
TI  - Asthmatic patient died following wisdom teeth surgery.

PMID- 680675
TI  - ER MD's wrong use of arthritis drugs caused patient's death.

PMID- 680676
TI  - The Kellogg Foundation and the education of administrators.

PMID- 680678
TI  - From voluntary standardization to accreditation and regulation.

PMID- 680677
TI  - Offering continuity of care for the elderly.
AB  - St. Benedict Hospital and Nursing Home provides a continuum of patient care
      services for the elderly ranging from home health service to acute hospital care.
      The many levels of care provided result in the advantages of economy of scale for
      the organization and continuity of care for the patients.

PMID- 680679
TI  - At hand: bureaucratic surveillance.

PMID- 680680
TI  - JCAH: the best game in town.

PMID- 680681
TI  - Voluntary accreditation: the best choice.

PMID- 680682
TI  - Positive view of Church's stand on artificial fertilization.

PMID- 680683
TI  - Twin goals for regulations: stability and adaptability.

PMID- 680684
TI  - The Christian administrator in a secular society.
AB  - While government involvement with hospitals complicates an administrator's
      operating environment, much of what government and consumer advocates want is at
      least philosophically good. In the midst of conflicts between a secular society
      and the goals of church-related hospitals, Christian administrators must
      demonstrate integrity and would do well to see adversity as a challenge promoting
      greater strenghts for themselves and for their hospitals.

PMID- 680685
TI  - What hospitals have to fear from labor law reform.

PMID- 680686
TI  - CHA and the goals of witness.

PMID- 680687
TI  - Lay ownership of Catholic hospitals.

PMID- 680688
TI  - Planning for "the technology factor".
AB  - Modern medical care technology impacts on decision making in the industry as
      never before. Whether this impact is more positive than negative is debatable;
      but the dialogue is of vital interest to hospitals, as technology is the central
      issue in the current furor over cost control.

PMID- 680689
TI  - IARC monograph programme on the evaluation of the carcinogenic risk of chemicals
      to humans: preamble.

PMID- 680690
TI  - N-nitrososarcosine.

PMID- 680691
TI  - An approach to reading machine design.

PMID- 680692
TI  - Development of communication aids for the deaf.

PMID- 680693
TI  - Effects of visual and auditory impairment in driving performance.

PMID- 680694
TI  - Removing some of the limitations of mentally retarded workers by improving job
      design.

PMID- 680695
TI  - Distribution of blood groups, serum markers and red cell enzymes in two human
      populations from Northern Siberia.
AB  - 555 individuals were examined in relation to the ABO (with A1 and A2 subtypes),
      MNSs, P, Rh, Lutheran, Kell and Duffy systems. Less individuals were studied for
      the Kidd and Diego systems as well as for transferrins, haptoglobins and red cell
      enzymes, i.e. PGM1, 6-PGD, AK, and AcP. Besides, several Gm and Km (1) factors
      were also studied.

PMID- 680696
TI  - Relationship between Hp1S and Hp2 gene frequencies among human populations.
AB  - In this work, we present new data on the Hp1alpha- and Hp2alpha-chains
      polymorphism in different populations. We confirm the singularity of the
      geographical distribution of the Hp2 alleles in our samples. The analysis of the
      results shows that a significant correlation exists in the population between the
      Hp1S and Hp2 gene frequencies. An additional Hp1alpha-chain variant is described
      in a Pyrenean sample.

PMID- 680697
TI  - Problems in estimating non-disjunction rate from the F-bodies of two-headed human
      spermatozoa.
AB  - The F-bodies of two-headed human spermatozoa offer a unique potential for
      estimating non-disjunction rate of the Y chromosome. But there is an unexplained
      quantitative discrepancy: a gross deficiency of two-headed spermatozoa with no F
      bodies, relative to the numbers with one F-body in each head. Any estimation of
      non-disjunction rate would be overshadowed by this and other major factors. Two
      headed spermatozoa cannot be regarded as a random aggregation of haploid heads in
      pairs. DNA measurements confirmed that each head of 25 normal-sized two-headed
      spermatozoa was haploid. The distribution of F-body classes is independent of
      whether sperm tails are single or double. Donors with an exceptionally high
      incidence of two-headed spermatozoa exist.

PMID- 680698
TI  - Consanguinity in multifactorial inheritance. Application to data on congenital
      glaucoma.
AB  - The increase of parental consanguinity in multifactorial inheritance is evaluated
      by calculating the expected incidence of affected children whose parents are
      first cousins, using several values, namely for condition frequency and
      heritability of liability. This increase is compared to the expected increase in
      recessive inheritance, when one or more loci are involved. The method is
      illustrated by examples of recessive and multifactorial conditions and applied,
      as a test of discrimination between different modes of inheritance, to data on
      congenital glaucoma.

PMID- 680699
TI  - Serum genetic markers in a Newfoundland isolate with a familial aggregate of
      Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - Inherited genetic markers on the immunoglobulins and three other serum proteins
      were investigated in members of an isolated Newfoundland community. The
      frequencies found were compared with those from Europe. Whilst the incidence of
      the commonest variant forms were typically 'European', the occurrence of rare
      phenotypes pointed towards specific admixture from American Indians and
      Scandinavia. A possible contribution of these rare alleles, and of others, to
      pathogenesis in a familial aggregate of Hodgkin's disease within this community
      is discussed.

PMID- 680700
TI  - Genetic distance between the American Indians and the three major races of man.
AB  - The genetic distances between the American Indians and the three major races of
      man, Caucasoids, Negroids and Mongoloids, were determined by using gene frequency
      data on 14 blood group and 12 protein loci. The results support the general view
      that the ancestry of the American Indian is predominantly Mongoloid. Using 30,000
      years as the separation time between the American Indian and Mongoloid, the
      divergence time between the three major races of man was estimated to be 33,000
      92,000 years.

PMID- 680701
TI  - Linkage of glyoxalase I and HLA in two Newfoundland communities.
AB  - Family studies in Newfoundland confirm linkage between the glyoxalase I locus and
      HLA. The combined data gives a map distance of 4.54 centimorgans between the HLA
      B locus and glyoxalase I.

PMID- 680702
TI  - Genetic investigations in a Northern Brazilian island. II. Random drift.
AB  - 18 albinos were born on Lencois island. Since 3 of them died and 5 emigrated, the
      prevalence of albinism is about 3% in the island. 2 inbred brothers with
      brachydactyly of the index fingers and 1 case of 'achondroplasia' were also
      found. The analysis of the population structure of the island suggests that its
      high frequency of albinism may have been produced by random drift. The index of
      isolation of its present population is roughly 17--27. Genealogical, clinical and
      histological data are presented and anslyzed. Natural selection is not acting
      against the albinism gene at a measurable rate. Cytogenetic investigations among
      albinos and normals did not reveal any difference as regards frequency of
      aneuploidy, association of acrocentrics and chromatid gaps. The role of random
      processes in evolution is mentioned and the possibility that they may be more
      important than it is sometimes assumed is stressed.

PMID- 680703
TI  - Further data on mitochondrial malic enzyme in man.
AB  - Mitochondrial malic enzyme was examined by starch-gel electrophoresis in human
      brain samples from 291 adults and 118 fetuses, all of European origin. Gene
      frequencies were estimated as MEM10.65 and MEM20.35. There was no significant
      difference in phenotype distribution between the sexes nor between adults and
      fetuses. No deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was found. Malic enzyme was
      examined in various other tissues and although strongest in brain, it was also
      frequently active in adult testis, heart and kidney. An additional isozyme
      migrating less anodally than mitochondrial malic enzyme and especially prominent
      in heart muscle was found to be attributable to a combination of aconitase and
      isocitrate dehydrogenase acting on citrate in the gel buffer.

PMID- 680704
TI  - GLO I and Bf phenotype distribution in a West German population sample.
AB  - GLO I phenotypes were determined in 1,075 unrelated West German individuals by
      starch gel electrophoresis. Gene frequencies were 0.4512 for GLO1 and 0.5488 for
      GLO2.  Association studies between GLO I and Bf in 985 individuals of which Bf
      phenotypes were known from previous reports gave no significant evidence for
      close association between the two systems.

PMID- 680705
TI  - Immunoglobulin Gm and Km genetic markers in Vietnamese.
AB  - The distribution of the G1m (1,2,3,17), G2m(23), G3m(5,10,11,13,14,15,21,28) and
      Km (1,2) allotypic markers has been examined in 122 unrelated Vietnamese subjects
      originating from all regions of Vietnam. The 13 observed phenotypes have been
      explained by means of 8 haplotypes: 5 'major' ones (which are also known to be
      usual in all other reported Mongoloid populations) and 3 'minor' ones.
      Consideration of gene frequencies allows easy integration of Vietnamese within
      the south-north cline of Gm haplotype distribution in East Asia, where they
      insert between Southern Chinese, on one hand, and Singapore as well as South
      Central Chinese on the other hand. The observed Km10.290 frequency value revealed
      to be of the same order of magnitude as the values reported for most other non
      Thai Mongoloids.

PMID- 680706
TI  - Genetical distance and dermatoglyphic characters. II. Intrapopulation distance
      coefficients.
AB  - This paper attempts to evaluate the dermatoglyphic (genetical) distance between
      two Polish population samples in relation to the intrapopulation distance
      coefficients estimated within each sample. All the coefficients have been based,
      in turn, on frequencies of fingertip, palmar and sole pattern elements,
      separately and for all characters combined. The results of a comparison of
      various combinations of dermatoglyphic characters with one another in respect of
      all successive values of a distance coefficient indicate that, if populations of
      mostly related individuals were compared, sole patterns have been the most
      efficient ones in differentiating between the two normal population samples. The
      values of inter- and intrapopulation distance coefficients obtained from samples
      consisting mostly of family units have been compared with those estimated in
      samples of non-related individuals. The limitations and difficulties in the
      interpretation of the values of a distance coefficient related both to the
      material used and statistical procedures are discussed.

PMID- 680707
TI  - Analysis of volatile N-nitrosamines in food using flame thermionic detection and
      mass spectrometry confirmation.

PMID- 680708
TI  - Analysis of volatile N-nitrosamines using gas chromatography with Coulson
      detector:estimation of N-nitrosopyrrolidine by thin-layer chromatography with
      fluorimetric detection.

PMID- 680709
TI  - General review of approaches to nitrosamine analysis: sampling and samples.

PMID- 680710
TI  - Determination of volatile N-nitrosamines in food by chemiluminescence using the
      thermal energy analyser.

PMID- 680711
TI  - Mass spectrometric determination of volatile N-nitrosamines after screening by
      the Coulson electrolytic detector.

PMID- 680712
TI  - Meat and meat products--mass spectrometric determination of volatile N
      nitrosamines.

PMID- 680713
TI  - Mass spectrometric determination of volatile N-nitrosamines in food.

PMID- 680714
TI  - Analysis of volatile N-nitrosamines in food by electron capture and Coulson
      detection of their N-nitramine derivatives.

PMID- 680715
TI  - Analysis of volatile N-nitrosamines in meat products using oxidation of N
      nitrosamines to N-nitramines and electron-capture detection of N-nitramines.

PMID- 680716
TI  - Analysis of volatile N-nitrosamines in food using nitrogen-specific detection and
      ion-specific determination of heptafluorobutyramides by gas chromatography/low
      resolution mass spectrometry.

PMID- 680717
TI  - Carcinogenicity of N-nitroso compounds and their possible role in the development
      of human cancer.

PMID- 680718
TI  - General review of approaches to nitrosamine analysis: the use of
      chemiluminescence-based detectors.

PMID- 680719
TI  - Analysis of volatile N-nitrosamines in food using flame thermionic detection and
      mass spectrometry confirmation.

PMID- 680720
TI  - Analysis of volatile N-nitrosamines in food using flame thermionic detection and
      mass spectrometry confirmation.

PMID- 680721
TI  - Chemical models for possible nitrosamine artifact formation in environmental
      analysis.
AB  - Preliminary data concerning two different phenomena of potential importance to
      those studying the analysis and formation of environmental N-nitroso compounds
      are presented. First of all, we report that inorganic nitrite in the solid phase
      can serve as an effective nitrosating agent for solutions of amines in certain
      nonaqueous media. Secondly, we describe evidence suggesting that the appearance
      of nitrosamines as contaminants in deionized water (Cohen, 1977; Gough et al.,
      1977; Fiddler et al., 1977) might result at least partly from simple, acid
      catalyzed nitrosation of the amine/ammonium functional groups on the anion
      exchange resins used in the demineralization process. Possible implications of
      both phenomena are discussed and potentially useful measures for their control
      are suggested.

PMID- 680722
TI  - The fragmentation reaction of beta-hydroxynitrosamines: possible environmental
      and biochemical significance for nitrosamine carcinogenicity.

PMID- 680723
TI  - N-Nitroso compounds from the reaction of primary amines with nitrite and
      thiocyanate.

PMID- 680725
TI  - Transnitrosation: an important aspect of the chemistry of aliphatic nitrosamines.

PMID- 680724
TI  - Studies related to nitrosamide formation: nitrosation in solvent: water and
      solvent systems, nitrosomethylurea formation in the rat stomach and analysis of a
      fish product for ureas.
AB  - Nitrous acid (HNO2) was partly extracted from water by organic solvents,
      especially polar ones. Carbaryl was nitrosated in solvent: water mixtures most
      rapidly when nonpolar solvents, e.g. methylene chloride, carbon tetrachloride and
      hexane, were used. Under given conditions, carbaryl was nitrosated in methylene
      chloride:water mixtures 20 times faster than in water alone, mainly because of
      its insolubility in water. For ethylurea, hexylurea, ethyl N-ethyl-carbamate and
      aminopyrine, nitrosation by sodium sulfate-dried methylene chloride extracts of
      nitrous acid ('dried HNO2') was at least 88% complete after reaction for 5
      seconds at 6 degrees C. Nitrosation of N-butylacetamide by the same extract
      proceeded more slowly, with a second-order rate constant 31,000 times greater
      than for nitrosation in water at pH 2. Butylacetamide was nitrosated in methylene
      chloride by equivalent concentrations of 'dried HNO2', dinitrogen trioxide and
      dinitrogen tetroxide at similar rates. Nitrosomethylurea (NMU) formation was
      measured radioactively in the stomach contents of rats fed [3H]methylurea (MU)
      and sodium nitrite. When both compounds were given in the food (100 mg MU and 4 g
      NaNO2/kg) and the rats were killed 3 hours later, the NMU yield was 0.46% of the
      MU. When the food also contained 11.5 g sodium ascorbate/kg, NMU production was
      completely inhibited. With 2-4 g/1 sodium nitrite in the drinking water and MU in
      the food, no NMU was detected. Ureas were determined in dried, salted bonito fish
      from Japan, by a method involving ion-exchange and paper chromatography. The fish
      sample contained 80 mg urea/kg, but no MU. When the fish was nitrosated at pH 1
      and then denitrosated at pH 0, 25 mg MU/kg was detected. Mu identity was
      confirmed by mass spectrometry.

PMID- 680726
TI  - Characteristics of the TEA detector in use with high pressure liquid
      chromatography.
AB  - It was found that the response of the TEA detector was highly dependent on the
      operating temperature of the furnace and on the flow rate of gas that is used to
      purge the furnace. It was also found that the response of the detector was very
      highly dependent on the volatility of the nitroso compound and the optimum
      operating conditions were also very different for low and high volatility
      compounds. When samples containing equal quantities of NDMA, NPYR, NPRO and NPIC
      were chromatographed at low furnace temperatures, only the peaks for NPRO and
      NPIC (low volatility) were observed. When a high furnace temperature was used,
      only NDMA and NPYR (high volatility) were routinely observed. At intermediate
      temperatures, all four compounds could usually be observed. Under optimum
      conditions, the sensitivity was 3 microgram/ml for NPRO and 5 microgram/ml for
      NPIC.

PMID- 680727
TI  - Possible nitrosodimethylamine formation in comparative in vitro nitrosation
      experiments with six different tetracycline antibiotics.
AB  - The hydrochlorides of tetracycline, minocycline, chlorotetracycline,
      anhydrochlorotetracycline, desmethylchlorotetracycline, oxytetracycline and
      doxycycline were reacted with sodium nitrite for two hours at 37 degrees C in
      aqueous buffer solutions at pH 2 and 4 under simulated stomach conditions. NDMA
      formation was detected from minocycline, doxycycline, oxytetracycline and
      anhydrochlorotetracycline by GLC and GLC-MS analysis. NDMA formation from
      minocycline and dodxycycline was blocked by ascorbic acid. The catalytic effect
      of sodium thiocyanate for NDMA formation from minocycline and nitrite was
      investigated. The different reactivities of the tested tetracyclines towards
      nitrite in acidic solutions (NDMA formation from minocycline, doxycycline,
      oxytetracycline and no NDMA formation from tetracycline, chlorotetracycline and
      desmethylchlorotetracycline) may be understood from stereochemical
      considerations. The failure of dealkylative nitrosation reactions in the latter
      tetracyclines is explained by the formation of intramolecular hydrogen bridge
      linkages between epidimethylamino groups at C-4 and OH groups at C-6. This
      hypothesis was proved by the observations of NDMA formation from
      anhydrochlortetracycline and sodium nitrite at pH 2.

PMID- 680728
TI  - Non-volatile N-nitroso compounds in human feces.
AB  - A bacterial mutagen has been detected in ether extracts of freeze-dried feces of
      humans on Western diet. Several types of evidence suggest that nitroso compounds
      are present in human feces and the mutagen could be a nitroso compound. Ascorbic
      acid supplement in the diet reduces the levels of both the mutagens and nitroso
      compounds in the feces.

PMID- 680729
TI  - An assessment of human exposure to N-nitroso compounds.
AB  - Current knowledge on human exposure to N-nitroso compounds is reviewed. Four
      exposure routes are considered: ingestion, inhalation, dermal and in vivo. The
      relative importance of various N-nitrosation mechanisms is discussed.

PMID- 680730
TI  - Comprehensive analytical procedures for the determination of volatile and non
      volatile, polar and non-polar N-nitroso compounds.
AB  - The first comprehensive analytical procedures for the quantitative analysis of N
      nitroso compounds are described. The scheme divides N-nitroso compounds into four
      major, overlapping categories: volatile (Class I), non-volatile, low polarity
      (Class II), non-volatile, non-ionic, high polarity (Class III) and non-volatile,
      ionic, high polarity (Class IV). Existing analytical techniques for each class of
      compound are integrated into an organized and logical sequence of analysis to
      allow all classes of compounds to be determined. TEA-GC is used for the volatile
      compounds and TEA-HPLC for the non-volatile. It is emphasized that the
      coincidence of retention time in either TEA-GC alone or TEA-HPLC alone cannot be
      taken as sufficient evidence for the identification of N-nitroso compounds,
      especially for samples from complex matrices. Independent techniques are required
      to confirm these results. The confirmatory techniques used frequently in our
      laboratory are: (1) spectroscopic analysis (IR, NMR, UV and MS), (2) formation
      and identification of derivatives, and (3) parallel TEA-GC/TEA-HPLC techniques.
      These procedures are now used at Thermo Electron for the comprehensive screening
      of environmental samples.

PMID- 680731
TI  - Observations on the use of the thermal energy analyzer as a specific detector for
      nitrosamines.

PMID- 680732
TI  - Analytical determination of N-nitroso compounds in pesticides by the United
      States Environmental Protection Agency--a preliminary study.
AB  - Lijinsky, Eisenbrand and others have demonstrated the formation of N-nitroso
      derivatives of certain secondary amine pesticides under specified experimental
      conditions. Partly based on these studies and on reports of the industrial
      discharge of N-nitrosos compounds from several chemical manufacturing facilities
      the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has issued several reports on the
      nitroso problem, including a report by a special ad hoc committee under the
      Administrator's Science Advisory Board (1976). Unexpectedly high N
      nitrosoalkylamine residues found in several pesticide products (Fine et al.,
      1976) have prompted EPA to conduct a survey, initially of approximately 70-80
      pesticides that potentially were representative of the following three routes of
      contamination: 1. industrial process formation and carryover; 2. in situ
      (container) nitrosation and 3. utilization of contaminated amines in the
      manufacturing process. Environmental formation was not studied in this survey.
      Duplicate samples were analysed by two different laboratories using GC and HPLC
      interfaced with Hall, UV and chemiluminescent (TEA) detectors. Results of some
      analyses of this continuing survey are presented. Based partly on the results of
      this study, the Agency has decided to conduct risk-benefit analyses on pesticides
      suspected of containing N-nitroso contaminants, with special consideration given
      to oncogenic and mutagenic potential. The analytical results of the study are
      discussed, as is the cooperative effort within the Agency.

PMID- 680733
TI  - Chemical studies on tobacco smoke LIX. Analysis of volatile nitrosamines in
      tobacco smoke and polluted indoor environments.
AB  - Chemical-analytical data were presented illustrating that the mainstream smoke of
      tobacco products contains traces of volatile N-nitrosamines. The quantity of
      volatile nitrosamines in the sidestream smoke of cigarettes and cigars exceeds
      that in the mainstream smoke by at least a factor of 10. This observation led to
      model studies and analysis of air in bar cars of trains, in a local bar and other
      indoor atmospheres polluted by tobacco smoke. The results showed that, during one
      hour in a smoke-polluted indoor environment, one may inhale volatile nitrosamines
      in quantities equal to those in the mainstream smoke of 0.5-30 cigarettes. It is
      emphasized that there are, at present, no epidemiological data linking human
      respiratory cancers to volatile nitrosamines.

PMID- 680734
TI  - Measurement of environmental nitrosamines.

PMID- 680735
TI  - Chemical studies on tobacco smoke LVI. Tobacco specific nitrosamines: origins,
      carcinogenicity and metabolism.
AB  - Tobacco contains specific carcinogenic nitrosamines which are derived from
      nicotine. These compounds may be among the causative agents for the various
      cancers (lung, oral cavity, oesophagus, bladder and pancreas) which are
      associated with tobacco usage. The major tobacco specific nitrosamine is N'
      nitrosonornicotine (NNN), which has been detected in both unburned tobacco (0.3
      90.6 ppm) and cigarette mainstream smoke (137-238 ng/cig.). Studies with labelled
      precursors showed that the major source of NNN formed during curing of tobacco
      was nicotine, rather than nornicotine. The transfer rate of NNN from tobacco to
      mainstream smoke was 11.3%; about half the NNN present in smoke therefore
      originated from tobacco, with the remainder being formed during smoking. Model
      studies of the reaction of nicotine and nitrite showed that, in addition to NNN,
      two other nitrosamines, 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-4-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanal (NNA)
      and 4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) were formed.
      Analysis of tobacco revealed the presence of NNK in chewing tobacco and snuff
      (0.6-2.4 ppm). A comparative bioassay of NNN, NNK and NNA in strain A mice
      indicated that NNK was more tumorigenic than NNN and that NNA was inactive. NNN,
      which had previously been shown to induce oesophageal and nasal cavity tumours in
      rats, also was a moderately active carcinogen in the Syrian golden hamster,
      giving tracheal tumours. A study of the metabolism of cyclic nitrosamines was
      initiated. Metabolic alpha-hydroxylation of nitrosopyrrolidine, which is thought
      to be the critical step in activation of this compound, was demonstrated by
      detection in vitro and in vivo of 2-hydroxytetrahydrofuran, which was the product
      of decomposition of alpha-hydroxynitrosopyrrolidine. The metabolism of the
      related cyclic nitrosamine, NNN, is currently under investigation, with emphasis
      on metabolites resulting from alpha- and beta-hydroxylation. These analytical and
      metabolic studies are intended to clarify the possible relationship of tobacco
      specific nitrosamines and site-specific cancers in tobacco users.

PMID- 680736
TI  - Absorption, tissue deposition and passage into eggs of N-nitrosodimethylamine in
      hens.
AB  - The experiments were performed on 262 laying hens divided into 8 groups: 5 groups
      of hens were given orally N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in single doses of 30,
      10, 3, 1 and 0.1 mg/kg of body weight, two groups received tap water containing 2
      and 5 mg NDMA/kg, provided ad libitum for 20 consecutive days, and one group of
      layers served as a control. Birds were selected at random and sacrificed at one
      or two day intervals and NDMA content was determined in blood, muscles, liver,
      brain and in collected eggs. The highest concentrations of NDMA were found 24-36
      hours after dosing in all investigated tissues and eggs. A single oral dose of
      0.1 mg NDMA/kg produced tissue levels up to 0.06 mg/kg and resulted in excretion
      of detectable amounts of the carcinogen in eggs for up to 6 days. After large
      doses, 10 mg and 30 mg NDMA/kg, concentrations in corresponding tissues reached
      6.0 and 12.7 mg/kg, and the presence of NDMA in eggs could still be detected
      after 12 and 14 days. Birds receiving NDMA in drinking water showed increasing
      NDMA concentrations in all analysed tissue and eggs. After 12 days, the highest
      levels were found in eggs, blood and brain. Practical implications of the results
      must be evaluated from the point of view of human safety.

PMID- 680737
TI  - The intake of nitrate, nitrite and volatile N-nitrosamines and the occurrence of
      volatile N-nitrosamines in human urine and veal calves.
AB  - A hundred samples of total diets, 19 samples of cheese (mainly Dutch), a total of
      30 samples of muscle, fat liver, kidney, blood and fried meat from experimental
      veal calves (fed daily with 0.6 or 300 mg of potassium nitrate per kg b.w.) and
      14 samples of urine of patients medicated with massive amounts of ammonium
      nitrate (up to an equivalent of 180 mg potassium nitrate per kg b.w.) have been
      analysed with GC-TEA for their content of the following N-nitrosamines: NDMA,
      NDEA, NDPA, NDBA, NPIP, NPYR and NMOR. NDMA was frequently found, but always in
      the sub micrograms per kg range, except for two diets (1.2 and 1.7 microgram/kg).
      Other N-nitrosamines were sporadically found in the same concentration range,
      except for one diet (NPYR, 1.9 microgram/kg). No correlation was found between
      NDMA content and the composition of diets or the nitrate load of patients or veal
      calves. Mean daily intake of NDMA, potassium nitrate and sodium nitrite from
      total diets was calculated to be 0.5 microgram, 215 mg and 7.7 mg respectively. N
      nitrosamine recoveries from the various samples were determined mostly at the 1
      microgram/kg level. Contents of potassium nitrate and sodium nitrite are reported
      for 124 samples of various vegetables, 94 samples of canned baby food and 48
      samples of human saliva, collected at various times after the intake of meals.
      Some kinds of vegetables showed high to very high nitrate contents, for example,
      purslane, red beets, spinach and lettuce. Only traces of nitrite were found in
      the vegetables. Salivary nitrite content was shown to be highly dependent on the
      dietary intake of nitrate and increased up to 60 times its initial value after
      the consumption of vegetable-rich meals.

PMID- 680738
TI  - Formation in vivo of traces of volatile N-nitrosamines in the cow after direct
      administration of nitrate into the rumen--preliminary communication.

PMID- 680739
TI  - Demonstration of the presence of nitrosamines in human urine: preliminary
      observations on a possible etiology for bladder cancer in association with
      chronic urinary tract infection.

PMID- 680740
TI  - Formation and biological effect of N-nitroso compound from piperazine pesticide
      triforine.

PMID- 680741
TI  - Carcinogenesis by nitroso derivatives of methylcarbamate insecticides and other
      nitrosamides in rats and mice.

PMID- 680742
TI  - Nitrosobenzylmethylamine, zinc deficiency and oesophageal cancer.
AB  - In an earlier study, we found reduced levels of zinc in the blood, hair and
      oesophageal tissue from patients with oesophageal cancer, compared with those in
      matched control subjects. Using a rat model, dietary zinc deficiency was found to
      increase the incidence and shorten the lag time for oesophageal tumour induction
      by NBMA. Zinc levels were also lower in samples of serum, hair, oesophagus and
      testis of the zinc-deficient rats, treated with the carcinogen or untreated,
      compared with the control rats, treated or untreated.

PMID- 680744
TI  - New data from collaborative studies on analysis of nitrosamines.

PMID- 680743
TI  - The permeability of laboratory gloves to selected nitrosamines.
AB  - Samples of laboratory gloves of various composition and thicknesses were used as
      barriers between 0.136 M solutions of nitrosamines (dimethyl-, ethylmethyl-,
      diethyl-8 n-butylmethyl-, di-n-propyl-, di-iso-propyl- and di-sec-butyl- in
      dichloromethane, acetone, ethanol and double-distilled, deionized water) and
      water. The concentration of permeated nitrosamine was measured periodically.
      Nearly all gloves tested were permeable to the nitrosamine solutions. The results
      indicate that: (1) gloves should not be assumed to provide full protection, (2)
      gloves should be discarded immeidately following overt contamination and (3)
      gloves should not be reused.

PMID- 680745
TI  - Diffusion of nitrosamines through protective gloves.
AB  - A simple experimental demonstration of the permeability of protective gloves to
      volatile nitrosamines has been carried out. Rubber and polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
      gloves were turned inside out and the fingers filled with dilute solutions of
      nitrosamines in hexane. The outer faces of the fingers were washed with water at
      various times and the nitrosamine content of these washings determined. From
      these measurements the proportions of the various nitrosamines passing through
      the gloves were calculated. For both types of gloves N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR)
      permeated the fingers most rapidly and to the greatest extent. Only a relatively
      small amount of N-nitrosodibutylamine (NDBA) was transmitted. It was also
      established that the rubber gloves themselves did not contain any of the common
      volatile nitrosamines; N-nitrosomethylphenylamine and N-nitrosodiphenylamine were
      also absent.

PMID- 680746
TI  - Limitations to the protective effect of rubber glvoes for handling nitrosamines.

PMID- 680747
TI  - The analysis and source of 1-diphenylmethyl-4-nitrosopiperazine in 1
      diphenylmethyl-4-[(6-methyl-2-pyridyl) methyleneamino]piperazine: a case history.
AB  - Analytical methods were developed to determine whether there was less than one
      ppm of II in IV. Purified IV contained a compound with the same GC retention time
      as authentic II on OV-17 and Silar 10C columns, using a FID or a
      nitrogen/phosphorus detector. The GC-coupled mass spectra contained major peaks
      at m/e 251 and 167 and the GC-coupled methane CI spectra gave the quasi-molecular
      ion, m/e 282. However, the CI selected ion monitor indicated three compounds at
      m/e 282. The nitrosamine II was separated from IV by HPLC on muBondapak C18. The
      GC-coupled mass spectra of the HPLC nitrosamine fraction had peaks at m/e 251 and
      167 and other peaks for a compound of greater MW than II, although the GC
      retention times were the same. Evidence for II and a decrease in the detection
      limit to one ppm was obtained with a TEA interfaced with a HPLC. To determine if
      II was formed from IV, it was exposed to ozone at -78 degrees C in methylene
      chloride. The DSC, IR and NMR of the product were coincident with those of the
      standard of II. In other experiments, IV in methylene chloride was exposed to
      light and dry air in the presence and absence of methylene blue. The PMR and 13C
      NMR of the product formed in the presence of methylene blue were the same as that
      of II. It is postulated that this nitrosamine was formed by a singlet oxygen
      mechanism.

PMID- 680748
TI  - Determination of nitrosaminoalcohols and amines by fluorine-19 nuclear magnetic
      resonance of hexafluoroacetone derivatives.

PMID- 680749
TI  - Electronic properties of the nitrosamine function.
AB  - The addition of a chiral alcohol, such as l-menthol or R-(-)-2-octanol, to an
      achiral nitrosamine causes a dissymmetric perturbation of the symmetrical
      chromophore and a Cotton effect is evident in the circular dichroism curve at the
      wavelength of ultraviolet absorption of the nitrosamine function. The intensity
      (ellipticity) of this induced circular dichroism is concentration dependent and
      appears to result from a weak 1:1 complex of nitrosamine and alcohol. The
      implications of these observations for structural studies are considered.

PMID- 680750
TI  - Pattern recognition techniques for the detection of epileptic transients in EEG.

PMID- 680751
TI  - Analysis of interactions between central and vagal respiratory control mechanisms
      in cats.

PMID- 680752
TI  - On modeling the single motor unit action potential.

PMID- 680753
TI  - Ultrasonic blood flow spectral analysis using coherent optics.

PMID- 680754
TI  - An impedance camera for spatially specific measurements of the thorax.

PMID- 680755
TI  - New interference sensing demand pacemaker functions.

PMID- 680756
TI  - Limited lead selection for estimation of body surface potential maps in
      electrocardiography.

PMID- 680757
TI  - A method for the exposure of miniature swine to vertical 60 Hz electric fields.

PMID- 680758
TI  - Relationships among Green's theorem, Helmholtz' theorem, and integral equation
      methods of solving the forward ECG problem.

PMID- 680760
TI  - Some observations on the physical realizability of compartmental models with
      delays.

PMID- 680759
TI  - Mammalian auditory responses to 3.0 GHz microwave pulses.

PMID- 680761
TI  - A video system for measuring the blood flow velocity in microvessels.

PMID- 680762
TI  - EEG phasic event detection by microcomputer.

PMID- 680763
TI  - Slew rates for electrocardiographic signals.

PMID- 680764
TI  - A fluidic drive system for intra-aortic balloon heart assist device.

PMID- 680765
TI  - Electromagnetic syringe.

PMID- 680766
TI  - A method for measuring functional residual capacity in neonates with endotracheal
      tubes.

PMID- 680767
TI  - A sequential stimulator for electrical restoration of the micturition reflex.

PMID- 680768
TI  - A pressure regulator for proportional regulation of two gas pressures.

PMID- 680769
TI  - Effect of surface cooling and blood flow on the microwave heating of tissue.

PMID- 680770
TI  - Histological and cytological technique for the quantitation of cultured human
      bone-marrow cells:formation of aggregates.
AB  - A bone-marrow culture system is described that provides a simple, quantitative
      and rapid assessment of marrow bone cells in vitro. Aggregation of bone-marrow
      cells, an in vitro phenomenon, occurs within 24 hr of culture and is observed
      utilizing Millipore filters. Daily quantitation shows both an increase in the
      number and a change in the morphology of these aggregates. The maximum number of
      aggregates is achieved on the 2nd or 3rd day of incubation. Histologically,
      aggregates are composed of myeloid, mononuclear and mesenchymal fibroblastic
      cells. Mesenchymal cells form a matrix for apposed mononuclear and myeloid cells.
      Scanning electron micrographs show intimate cell contact and spreading by the
      marrow cells. Fluctuation of the absolute numbers of various cell types are
      observed. The system can be utilized for long-term culture of bone marrow.

PMID- 680771
TI  - Differing effects of isoleucine deficiency on the toxicity of MNNG for 10T1/2 and
      CHO cells.
AB  - Isoleucine deficiency sensitizes C3H 10T1/2 cells to the cytotoxic effects of
      MNNG. Synchrony of proliferation is not required for this effect since it occurs
      prior to full growth arrest and subsequent establishment of synchronous
      proliferation after refeeding in complete medium. Furthermore, confluence arrest
      of proliferation of 10T1/2 cells does not affect their cytotoxic response to
      MNNG, although they proliferate synchronously after replating at low density. In
      contrast, the toxicity of MNNG for CHO cells is not altered by isoleucine
      deficiency, even though these cells are readily synchronized by refeeding in
      complete medium after transient isoleucine deficiency.

PMID- 680772
TI  - Changes in isoperoxidases during shoot formation in tobacco callus.
AB  - Shoot formation in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) callus is accompanied by an
      increase in peroxidase activity which takes a form similar to a sigmoid curve.
      The "stationary" phase coincides with the period of organ formation.
      Characteristic changes in isoperoxidase pattern are found in the shoot-forming
      part of the callus. These changes are different from those in the nonshoot
      forming part or in gibberellin-treated tissue, which does not form shoots.

PMID- 680774
TI  - Thin needle aspiration biopsy as a diagnostic aid for breast tumours.

PMID- 680773
TI  - The cytogenetic, proliferative and viability effects of four bacteriophages on
      human lymphocytes.
AB  - Certain bacteriophages have been found in live virus vaccines, while a few others
      have been associated with disease states. Some of these phages have produced
      abnormal growth of eukaryotic tissue cultures. For this reason bacteriophages
      phiX-174, MS2, T2 and an isolate from live virus vaccines, phiV-1, were incubated
      with human cell cultures for examination of chromosomal effects, cell
      proliferation and viability. Mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes and human embryonic
      kidney tissue cultures showed no increase in chromosomal abnormalities for high
      doses of phage-infected versus control cultures. Tritiated-thymidine uptake,
      correlated with mitotic indices for phage-treated lymphocyte cultures, indicated
      a reduction in cell division, while 51-chromium release studies showed no cell
      death occurring in these cultures. This suggested that inhibition of DNA
      synthesis was occurring in some cells. The presence of phage in the supernate of
      cells that were exposed to phage suggested the possibility of phage attachment to
      the plasma membranes of lymphocytes, which may in turn affect the suppression of
      DNA synthesis.

PMID- 680775
TI  - Primitive neuroectodermal patterns in skin adnexal tumours and basal cell
      epitheliomas.

PMID- 680776
TI  - Vascular patterns in glial cell tumours and medulloblastomas.

PMID- 680777
TI  - Recent advances in radiation oncology.

PMID- 680778
TI  - Thermoluminescent dosimeters in rectal dose measurement--I.

PMID- 680779
TI  - Spectrum of rectal radiation lesions in cases of cancer cervix--II.

PMID- 680780
TI  - Serum lactic dehydrogenase, leucine aminopeptidase and alkaline phosphatase in
      the diagnosis of cancer.

PMID- 680781
TI  - Changes in swelling properties of host liver mitochondria isolated from tumour
      bearing mice.

PMID- 680782
TI  - Correlation between carcinogenicity and polarographic reducibility of some N
      substituted derivatives of 4-aminoazobenzene.

PMID- 680783
TI  - Immunological cross-reactivity of anti-sera raised with fluoro dinitro benzene
      tagged normal human leukocytes against human leukaemic cells.

PMID- 680784
TI  - Immunological studies on oral cancer. Labelled antigen binding by lymphocytes and
      lymphocyte transformation in response to tumour associated antigen.

PMID- 680785
TI  - Osteosclerotic myeloma (a case report and review of literature).

PMID- 680786
TI  - Malignant melanoma of the oesophagus.

PMID- 680787
TI  - Pedunculated leiomyosarcama of urinary bladder of unusual size.

PMID- 680788
TI  - Lipoma of the right atrium of heart. A case report.

PMID- 680789
TI  - [Antibiotic treatment of gynecologic and obstetric infections (author's transl)].
AB  - 1. Obstetric and gynecologic infections especially ascending intrauterine
      infections, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and postoperative infections are
      usually polymicrobial infections involving enterobacteria and anaerobes. 2. The
      antibiotic treatment of these infections must primarily be active against the two
      groups of organisms mentioned. Semisynthetic penicillins, cephalosporines or
      aminoglycosides combined with clindamycin or one of the new large spectrum
      penicillins, or cephalosporines alone proved to be effective. In addition to the
      antimicrobial therapy surgical intervention is very often required in
      postoperative infections after obstetric and gynecologic surgery and for pelvic
      abscesses. 3. For treatment of infections in pregnancy specific side effects of
      antimicrobial agents concerning the mother and the fetus have to be considered.
      Transfer of the antibiotic to the fetus and the amniotic fluid in sufficiently
      high concentrations is mandatory for the treatment of intrauterine infections. 4.
      In cervicitis and salpingitis the possibility of a gonococcal infection has to be
      kept in mind.

PMID- 680790
TI  - [Indirect hemagglutination test for detection of toxoplasma antibodies (author's
      transl)].
AB  - A micromethod with stable reagents for the simple and rapid detection of
      toxoplasma antibodies with the indirect hemagglutination test (IHAT) is
      presented. The results obtained with this method are compared with the titers in
      the dye test and complement-fixation test and with two IHAT-kits recently offered
      by commercial firms. We propose to use the IHAT as a supplementary reaction to
      the methods commonly in use. The relationship between the Sabin-Feldman dye test
      and IHAT is dependent upon the stage of infection. A very good agreement is
      obtained with latent toxoplasma infections. On the contrary with some new
      infections (up to 6 months) the IHAT titer is clearly lower than the dye test
      titer. This discrepancy opens the possibility of determining the infection stage
      with a single serum-sample.

PMID- 680791
TI  - Mechanisms of long and short term immunity to plague.
AB  - Long and short term immunity to plague was produced in normal mice by using,
      respectively, an antibiotic resistant Yersinia pestis and Yersinia
      pseudotuberculosis. Both immunogens were used live. Passive serum transfer
      experiments, together with assays for the bactericidal activity of macrophages
      and delayed hypersensitivity tests, showed that the short term immunity was of a
      humoral nature and the long term immunity was cell mediated. The plague virulence
      markers of the two immunogens were: Y. pestis VW- F1+ P1+ P+; Y.
      pseudotuberculosis VW+ F1- P1- P-. The challenge organism was Y. pestis VW+ F1+
      P1+ P+.

PMID- 680792
TI  - The effects of oral D-penicillamine treatment on experimental arthritis and the
      associated immune response in rabbits.
AB  - D-penicillamine given orally to rabbits at a dose of 15 mg/kg body weight,
      administered daily for long periods commencing prior to and at the time of
      immunization, reduced the concentration of specific IgG antibodies directed
      against ovalbumin. This effect was not observed when treatment with the drug
      commenced after immunization and the onset of a mono-articular arthritis. The
      concentration of serum IgA rose abruptly after antigen was injected intra
      articularly to induce the arthritis. This increase was not affected by treatment
      with D-penicillamine. The concentration of serum IgA decreased markedly during
      the chronic phase of the mono-articular arthritis, falling below the lower limit
      of the normal range. Treatment with D-penicillamine for at least 50 days restored
      the serum IgA concentration to the middle of the normal range. D-penicillamine
      treatment had no significant effect on the concentration of IgG, or IgM in serum
      either before or after the onset of mono-articular arthritis.

PMID- 680793
TI  - Cyclophosphamide-like cellular immunostimulation induced by 6-thioguanine
      (Lanvis).
AB  - The possible immunostimulating effect of 6-thioguanine was studied in the mouse.
      It caused a dose-dependent suppression of the cellular and humoral immune
      response if administered 1 day before immunization. If, however, the interval
      between 6-thioguanine administration and immunization was extended to 5 days, a
      significant enhancement of delayed hypersensitivity was observed. The The
      enhancement occurred only after immunization with 10(6) and 10(7) sheep red
      cells. The analogy between the immunostimulating effects of 6-thioguanine and
      cyclophosphamide is discussed.

PMID- 680794
TI  - [3H] thymidine labelling kinetics of peripheral blood lymphocytes in adult
      thymectomized mice.
AB  - The appearance of labelled lymphocytes in the blood of adult thymectomized mice
      was followed for 21 days after a single injection of [3H] thymidine. The results
      showed that the expected changes in their life-span resulting from thymic
      deprivation were not reflected in the kinetics of labelling of these cells with
      this radioactively-labelled precursor for DNA synthesis. Turnover of DNA and
      exchange of label between cells must be considered in relation to the results, as
      had been previously concluded from similar studies of intact mice (Harris,
      1975a).

PMID- 680795
TI  - The binding of human and guinea-pig IgG subclasses to homologous macrophage and
      monocyte Fc receptors.
AB  - Guinea-pig IgG2 and IgT1 bind to contiguous Fc receptors on homologous peritoneal
      macrophages. Equilibrium association constants determined for the binding of
      human IgG subclasses to homologous peripheral blood monocytes show that the order
      of binding is IgG1 greater than IgG3 greater than IgG4 greater than IgG2. Direct
      binding and rosette assay techniques independently established that both guinea
      pig IgG2 and human IgG bind to homologous macrophage-monocyte Fc receptors
      through a site present in whole Fc (CH2. CH3)2, but absent in pFc' subfragments
      (CH3)2.

PMID- 680796
TI  - Modulation of the immune response by passive antibodies. IV. Effects of IgG1 and
      IgG2 anti-hapten antibodies.
AB  - The effects of IgG1 and IgG2 anti-hapten antibodies waere studied on celluar and
      humoral reactions induced by immunization with a hapten-carrier complex. IgG2 was
      shown to depress delayed hypersensitivity reactions to the carrier and to enhance
      anaphylactic reactions to both the hapten and the carrier whereas IgG1 appeared
      to have no activity except a little enhancing effect on antibody synthesis to the
      carrier. The regulatory role of IgG2 antibodies, which were cytophilic for
      macrophages, in the immune response to a hapten-carrier conjugate is discussed.

PMID- 680797
TI  - Opsonins in human serum for the phagocytosis of complexes between IgG and protein
      A of Staphylococcus aureus.
AB  - The phagocytosis of complexes between staphylococcal protein A and 125I-labelled
      IgG is enhanced by fresh human serum and to a somewhat lesser extent by heat
      inactivated serum. Opsonizing activity is detected in two distinct peaks by
      Sephadex G-200 column chromatography. One peak corresponds to the excluded
      material and the other to the ascending limb of the second protein peak. The
      active material in serum is retained on a protein A-Sepharose but not on an IgG
      Sepharose column. Active material eluted from a protein A-Sepharose column and
      run on a Sephadex G-200 column again shows two activity peaks corresponding to
      those obtained on chromatography of whole serum. The first peak contains mainly
      IgA nd IgM but very little total protein material. The second peak contains
      mainly IgG but also IgA. Purified normal IgA, but not one myeloma IgA preparation
      tested, has the capacity to enhance phagocytosis of protein A-IgG complexes.
      Possible examinations for the opsonin activity are discussed.

PMID- 680798
TI  - The effect of chemotactic factors and agents which influence neutrophil movement
      on anaerobic glycolysis and hexose monophosphate shunt activity.
AB  - The effects of two chemotactic factors, endotoxin activated serm (EAS) and casein
      and a number of drugs known to affect intracellular cyclic nucleotide levels and
      various froms of neutrophil movement, on neutrophil anaerobic glycolysis and
      hexose monophosphate shunt (HMPS) activity were assessed. EAS caused stimulation
      of glycolysis. HMPS activity and NBT reduction, but casein was without effect on
      glycolysis and NBT reduction and inhibited HMPS activity. Drug known to increase
      intracellular cAMP levels caused a depression of HMPS activity whereas those
      reported to elevate cGMP had a variety of effects. Glycolysis was not affected by
      any of these agents. These results indicate a lack of relationship between cyclic
      nucleotide effect on cell motility and neutrophil glycolysis and HMPS activity.

PMID- 680799
TI  - The effects of oral D-penicillamine treatment on experimental arthritis and the
      associated immune response in rabbits. II. The effects on cellular parameters.
AB  - Prolonged oral treatment (up to 410 days) of rabbits with D-penicillamine at a
      dose of 15 mg/kg body weight commencing either before or after immunization and
      the onset of arthritis, diminished and eventually abolished the delayed
      hypersensitivity response to intradermally administered tuberculin PPD. The 48 h
      cutaneous hypersensitivity response to the immunizing antigen (ovalbumin) was
      also significantly reduced, as was the inhibition of leucotye migration by
      ovalbumin. Cutaneous Arthus reactivity to ovalbumin was unaffected by D
      penicillamine treatment. D-penicillamine treatment of normal rabbits was also
      found to increase the phagocytic index of the reticuloendothelial system as
      measured by carbon clearance.

PMID- 680800
TI  - In vitro macrophage chemotactic generation from serum immunoglobulin G by
      neutrophil neutral seryl protease.
AB  - A neutral protease with a molecular weight of about 14,00 was separated at acid
      pH from rabbit neutrophils and then partially purified by elution on DEAE
      Sephadex, CM-Sephadex and Sephadex G-75 in that order. This enzyme was
      inactivated by diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP), phenylmethyl sulphonylfluoride
      (PMSF), soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI), or elastatinal, suggesting a seryl
      protease resembling elastase, but it failed to digest elastin-orcein. The enzyme
      seemed different from histonase of rabbit neutrophils because of its haemoglobin
      (3HHb)-degrading ability and of inactivation by heparin. The protease generated
      in vitro macrophage chemotactic activity from guineapig serum IgG. This
      chemotactic factor had a molecular weight similar to that of IgG and its
      chemotacic generation was accompanied by release of dialysable peptide(s). No
      generation of macrophage chemotactic activity from IgG was induced in vitro by
      elastase from pig pancreas or by neutral thiol protease from rabbit neutrophils.

PMID- 680801
TI  - Dependence of phagocytosis on strength of phagocyte-particle interaction.
AB  - Sheep erythrocytes were pretreated with concanavalin A (Con-A-SRC), or
      glutaraldehyde (G-SRC), or specific rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG-SRC), or
      specific rabbit immunoglobulin M and complement (C-SRC). Each erythrocyte type
      was made to adhere to rat peritoneal cells and adhesion was measured; binding
      decreased as follow: conA-SRC greater than IgG-SRC  greater than less than G-SRC
      greater than C-SRC Peritoneal cell-erythrocyte complexes were then submitted to a
      laminar shear flow, and resistance of binding was assayed. Binging strength
      decreased in the following order: G-SRC greater than C-SRC greater than IgG-SRC
      greater than ConA-SRC Cell suspensions were incubated at 37 degrees, and
      phagocytosis was measured. Ingestion decreased in the following order: G-SRC
      greater than IgG-SRC greater than C-SRC greater than ConA-SRC It is concluded
      that: Binding strength may be of importance in triggering phagocytosis; when
      immunocytoadherence is studied, two independent parameters should be considered:
      binding and binding strength. This report describes a new method that may allow
      discrimination between different cell subpopulations of similar binding
      specificities.

PMID- 680802
TI  - The effect of thiol compounds on lymphocytes stimulated in culture.
AB  - The effect was studied of D-penicillamine (D-PAm) and other thiol compounds
      (concentration range, approximately 10(-4)-3.4 X 10(-3) M) on mouse spleen cells,
      stimulated in culture by concanavalin A or by mixed lymphocyte interaction.
      Thiols initially enhanced the rate of incorporation of [3H] thymidine into DNA of
      these cells. The enhanecment was typically followed by a sharp decline in
      activity to a level often below that of thiol-free cultures. The time which
      elapsed between adding the thiol and the decline in activity depended on the
      concentration of the particular thiol used. Exceptional among thiols studied was
      L-cysteine, which lacked inhibitory properties. Variation of the L-cystine
      content of the medium used here influenced the effect of thiols such as D-PAm on
      the cells, an increase in cystine content favouring the retention of high
      activity. It was found that D-PAm reacted slowly with a constituent of the
      culture medium, causing the latter eventually to lose its capacity to maintain
      cells. The effects of this reaction could be counteracted by adding L-cystine, L
      cysteine, and certain other thiol compounds. It was concluded that DPAm combined
      with L-cystine in the medium to form the mixed disulphide, which evidently could
      not be utilized by the cells as a source of L-cystine. Deprivation of this
      essential nutrient accounted for the eventual inhibition of [3H] thymidine
      incorporation in cultures exposed to thiols. The initial, enhancing effect of
      thiols on stimulated lymphocytes represented a modulation of the response to the
      primary stimulant: there was no evidence that thiols were themselves mitogenic.

PMID- 680803
TI  - Polyadenylic acid-polyuridylic acid (poly A : U) and experimental murine
      brucellosis. I. Effect of single and double-stranded polynucleotides on Brucella
      abortus in vivo and in vitro.
AB  - The double stranded polynucleotide, poly A : U, when administered
      intraperitoneally at the same time as intravenous infection with Brucella
      abortus, suppressed the growth of that organism in the spleen and liver of mice.
      Single stranded poly A or poly U were not effective. On the other hand both the
      single and double stranded forms enhanced the growth of Br. abortus in broth
      culture. Poly A : U did not enhance the blood clearance of intravenously
      administered Br. abortus. Indeed its suppressive effect was not apparent until 2
      days after administration. When mice given Br. abortus and poly A : U were given
      a second infection 2 days later, with either Br. abortus or Listeria
      monocytogens, the second infection was exacerbated, indicating a biphasic effect
      of poly A : U and antigen.

PMID- 680804
TI  - Polyadenylic acid-polyuridylic acid (poly A : U) and experimental murine
      brucellosis. II. Macrophages as target cells of poly A : U in experimental
      brucellosis.

PMID- 680805
TI  - Effect of flutamide on biochemical composition of testis & accessory reproductive
      organs in adult male rats.

PMID- 680806
TI  - Beneficial role of ascorbic acid in vasectomy.

PMID- 680807
TI  - Monoamine oxidase & amine tetrazolium reductase in the guineapig small intestine.

PMID- 680809
TI  - Age-related changes in the activity of certain enzymes in the kidney of rat.

PMID- 680808
TI  - Age-related quantitative changes in the metabolic profile of liver, heart,
      diaphragm & gastrocnemius muscle of rat.

PMID- 680810
TI  - Role of collagen in ion uptake & exchange reactions.

PMID- 680811
TI  - Histoenzymological study of the gastrocnemius muscle of the common frog Rana
      tigrina (Daud.) during various stages of development.

PMID- 680812
TI  - Mechanical behaviour of lungs of food deprived rats at ground level & at high
      altitude.

PMID- 680813
TI  - Studies on 3-aminobenzo-6, 7 quinazolone-4-one (centazolone, compound 65/469), a
      new tranquillosedative compound: Part IX influence of centazolone on prenatal
      development in mice & rabbits.

PMID- 680815
TI  - In vitro calculogenesis: methods to develop concretions of desired chemical
      composition.

PMID- 680814
TI  - Pulmonary response of guineapigs to asbestos dust: changes in free & bound amino
      acids.

PMID- 680816
TI  - Total glycosaminoglycan fraction from bovine aorta, intestinal mucosa & lungs on
      the concentration of lipids, plasma lipolytic activity & blood coagulation.

PMID- 680817
TI  - Effect of some anti-inflammatory agents on lysosomal & testicular hyaluronidases.

PMID- 680818
TI  - Anti-arrhythmic effects of verapamil--a comparative study.

PMID- 680820
TI  - Role of contact surface of silver clip for induction of predictable levels of
      renal hypertension in the rat.

PMID- 680819
TI  - Pharmacological screening of Indian medicinal plants.

PMID- 680821
TI  - Some biochemical constituents of buffalo spermatozoa & association of DNA with
      dimensional characteristics of sperm.

PMID- 680822
TI  - Effects of Malva viscus conzattii flower extract on the testicular function of
      dog (Cannis familiaris).

PMID- 680823
TI  - Effect of prolactin administration on phospholipid content in selected
      reproductive & non-reproductive tissues of albino rats.

PMID- 680824
TI  - Life span of phenylhydrazine-induced reticulocytes in albino rats.

PMID- 680825
TI  - Microsomal mixed function oxidase system in human placenta: substrate
      interactions with cytochrome P-450.

PMID- 680826
TI  - Release of hyaluronoglucosaminidase, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, acid &
      alkaline phosphatases from buffalo spermatozoa during preservation.

PMID- 680827
TI  - Histochemical observations on 3alpha- and 17beta- hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in
      extra gonadal tissues of feral blue rock pigeon Columba livia (G.).

PMID- 680828
TI  - Relation between degree of unsaturation of dietary fat & metabolism of
      glycoproteins in tissues of rats.

PMID- 680829
TI  - Changes in carbohydrate components of glycoproteins of aorta, cartilage & serum
      in rats fed atherogenic diet.

PMID- 680830
TI  - Effect of splenectomy on chronic hepatic injury by carbon tetrachloride in albino
      rats.

PMID- 680831
TI  - Effects of drugs on the reproductive physiology of male albino rats: Part II-
      Nicotine & morphine.

PMID- 680832
TI  - Interaction of cannabis, reserpine & chlorpromazine on body temperature &
      mechanism of hyperthermic response to cannabis in tolerant albino rats.

PMID- 680833
TI  - Screening of Indian plants for biological activity: Part VIII.

PMID- 680834
TI  - Micro derivatization & mass spectrometric method for the estimation of blood
      pyruvic acid.

PMID- 680835
TI  - Estimation of liberating ammonia from differentiating central nervous system of
      chick embryo.

PMID- 680836
TI  - Intestinal absorption of nitrofurantoin.

PMID- 680837
TI  - Imipramine induced potentiation of hexobarbitone hypnosis in rat: role of
      serotonin.

PMID- 680838
TI  - Role of pituitary, thyroid & adrenal glands in the regulation of plasma calcium
      level of the lizard Uromastix hardwickii (Gray).

PMID- 680839
TI  - Effect of in vivo muscular electric stimulation on succinate & glutamate
      dehydrogenases of the tissues of frog Rana hexadactyla (Lesson).

PMID- 680840
TI  - Differential activity pattern of succinate & glutamate dehydrogenases in liver &
      kidney of frog & rat in relation to nitrogenous end products.

PMID- 680841
TI  - Dietary zinc & levels of collagen, elastin & carbohydrate components of
      glycoproteins of aorta, skin & cartilage in rats.

PMID- 680842
TI  - Endrin toxicity on liver of Channa punctatus (Bloch).

PMID- 680843
TI  - Moderate hypothermia vis-a-vis haemo-cardio-respiratory changes.

PMID- 680844
TI  - Effect of isoprenaline on lipid profile & cardiac enzymes in rats.

PMID- 680845
TI  - Total proteins & free amino acids in the hemolymph of snails Biomphalaria
      alexandrina & Helisoma duryi exposed to Schistosoma mansoni miracidia.

PMID- 680846
TI  - Metanil yellow & gastric mucin.

PMID- 680847
TI  - Enterotoxic activity of Salmonella weltevreden culture filtrates.

PMID- 680848
TI  - Ultrastructural changes in guineapig liver experimentally infected with Coxiella
      burnetii.

PMID- 680849
TI  - Development of infectious virus & antigen production of JE virus in mouse brain,
      Vero, Aedes albopictus & Aedes w-albus cell cultures.

PMID- 680850
TI  - Effect of urea on reaggregation of adult rat hepatocytes.

PMID- 680851
TI  - Ontogeny of photomechanical movements of retinal pigment in response to light &
      dark in the toad Bufo melanostictus (Schneider).

PMID- 680852
TI  - Effects of cytochalasin H on human lymphocyte cultures.

PMID- 680853
TI  - In vitro studies on the self-differentiating capacities of the post-nodal pieces
      of definitive primitive streak treated with uridine.

PMID- 680854
TI  - Availability of beta-carotene from high-beta tomato hybrids to vitamin A
      deficient rats & utilization of beta-carotene in the presence of other
      carotenoids.

PMID- 680855
TI  - Alteration in mixed function oxidase system during thiodemeton (o-o diethyl S
      2(ethylthio) ethyl phosphorothioate) toxicity.

PMID- 680856
TI  - Anticoagulant activity of plumbagin.

PMID- 680857
TI  - Determination of thyroxine & triiodothyronine in thyroid gland of
      encephalectomized foetuses of rat.

PMID- 680858
TI  - In vitro study on the comparative inhibitory effect of malathion, sumithion &
      hinosan on blood cholinesterase of Bubalus bubalis.

PMID- 680859
TI  - Serum transaminases & alkaline phosphatase activities during subacute toxicity of
      hinosan in Bubalus bubalis.

PMID- 680860
TI  - Effect of galactose on the metabolism of the rat lens in vitro.

PMID- 680861
TI  - Effect of vitamin A on hepatic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, lactate
      dehydrogenase & certain lipid components.

PMID- 680862
TI  - Effect of smoking on excretion of tryptophan metabolite in urine-3-hydroxy
      anthranilic acid.

PMID- 680863
TI  - Transaminase & alkaline phosphatase as aids in characterization of Ranikhet
      disease virus strains.

PMID- 680865
TI  - Adverse reactions to antituberculous drugs.

PMID- 680864
TI  - Effect of exercise under hypoxia on lung body weight index & plasma
      corticosteroid levels in rats.

PMID- 680866
TI  - Alkaline phosphatase activity in Mycobacterium smegmatis.

PMID- 680868
TI  - Sudden and unexpected death in coronary artery disease.

PMID- 680867
TI  - Management of intractable heart failure with hyponatremia.

PMID- 680869
TI  - Malignant alveolar soft part sarcoma with pulmonary metastases.

PMID- 680870
TI  - Actinomycosis of the lung.

PMID- 680871
TI  - Raised serum lysolecithin and cholesteroyl ester levels in atopic states.

PMID- 680872
TI  - Antibodies to arboviruses in humans of Rajasthan.

PMID- 680873
TI  - Antiviral agent (6-MFA) from Aspergillus ochraceus--sensitivity of arboviruses in
      experimentally infected mice.

PMID- 680874
TI  - Role of viruses in myocarditis during the years 1973-76 in Pondicherry area.

PMID- 680875
TI  - Epidemiological investigations of an outbreak of infectious hepatitis in
      Ahmedabad city during 1975-76.

PMID- 680876
TI  - Antibiotic resistance pattern of Salmonella welteverden strains isolated from
      man, animals, sewage and water.

PMID- 680877
TI  - Seroprevalence of Q fever infection in human beings from southern region of
      Kerala State.

PMID- 680878
TI  - Immunoglobulin and complement levels in cases of invasive amoebiasis.

PMID- 680879
TI  - Evaluation of Kato thick smear technique for quantitative estimation of
      helminthic infections.

PMID- 680880
TI  - Sialic acid levels in serum and leucocytes during normal menstrual cycle and
      pregnancy.

PMID- 680881
TI  - Microsomal mixed function oxidase system in human placenta--lipid peroxidation.

PMID- 680882
TI  - A prospective study of infant mortality and congenital malformations in relation
      to intra-uterine growth rates in south India.

PMID- 680883
TI  - Studies on autoantibodies associated with acquired haemolytic anaemia.

PMID- 680884
TI  - Elevated ATP level, high activity of PK and hereditary spherocytosis--triple
      erythrocytic anomaly.

PMID- 680885
TI  - An endoscopic and roentgenologic study of oesophageal varices.

PMID- 680886
TI  - Neurological manifestations of frost-bite.

PMID- 680887
TI  - Teratogenic effects of chlorpromazine hydrochloride in rat foetuses.

PMID- 680888
TI  - Synthesis of quinazolone compounds as anticonvulsant agents.

PMID- 680889
TI  - Synthesis of 3-arylimino-2-indolinones as excystment and cysticidal agents
      against Schizopyrenus russelli.

PMID- 680890
TI  - Effect of various prostaglandins on hexobarbitone--induced sleep in mice.

PMID- 680891
TI  - Changes in serum proteins, non-protein nitrogen and urea content in ergometric
      exercise--a preliminary communication.

PMID- 680892
TI  - Immunoglobulins and complement 3 in patients with thromboangitis obliterans.

PMID- 680893
TI  - Incidence of hepatitis B surface antigen and antibody in patients with liver
      diseases, blood donors and leprosy patients--a preliminary report.

PMID- 680894
TI  - Sero-prevalence of Q fever in Nainital tarai.

PMID- 680895
TI  - Satelliting streptococci causing infective endocarditis--a short communication.

PMID- 680896
TI  - Aedes aegypti (L.) in Maharashtra state--distribution and larval habitats.

PMID- 680897
TI  - Anopheles varuna Iyengar, 1924 in Rameswaram island, Tamil Nadu state--a short
      communication.

PMID- 680898
TI  - Survey of Phlebotomid sandflies from the Himalayan region, India (Diptera :
      Phlebotomidae).

PMID- 680899
TI  - Electrolyte studies after intra-amniotic instillation of 20 per cent sodium
      chloride.

PMID- 680900
TI  - Serum hCG and endometrial histology in early pregnancy.

PMID- 680901
TI  - Study of binding of L-ascorbic acid to ovarian tissue proteins.

PMID- 680902
TI  - Chemical, nutritional and toxicological evaluation of the seed oil of Cleome
      viscosa.

PMID- 680903
TI  - A field study of lathyrism--some clinical aspects.

PMID- 680904
TI  - Effect of a chemical radioprotector administered before irradiation on thyroid,
      testis and pituitary.

PMID- 680905
TI  - A stochastic approach to the construction of a life table for follow-up of IUCD
      clinical trials.

PMID- 680906
TI  - Quality assessment of a typical rural water supply system in Nigeria.

PMID- 680908
TI  - Effect of successful stapedectomy on bone conduction thresholds.

PMID- 680907
TI  - Studies on H antigen in B group individuals--an evidence of B/high H subgroup.

PMID- 680909
TI  - Study of anaesthetic vapour concentrations in operation theatres by gas
      chromatography.

PMID- 680910
TI  - Interaction of physostigmine, insulin and glucose on the cardiac and hepatic
      glycogen contents and blood sugar of hypothermic dogs.

PMID- 680911
TI  - Role of acetylcholine in oxygen consumption and cardiac glycogen changes induced
      by hypoxia.

PMID- 680912
TI  - Trimipramine maleate induced malformations in chick embryos.

PMID- 680913
TI  - Transmission of Kyasanur forest disease virus by Haemaphysalis wellingtoni
      Nuttall and Warburton, 1907 (Acarina : Ixodidae).

PMID- 680914
TI  - Antibody to Arthropod-borne viruses in small mammals of Pune district.

PMID- 680915
TI  - Serological evidence for arboviral infection among horses--HI test by filter
      paper disc method.

PMID- 680916
TI  - Sero-conversion following DPT immunization.

PMID- 680917
TI  - Ecological effects of production of biogas from human excreta on the enteric
      pathogens.

PMID- 680918
TI  - Host parasite relationship in bird malaria-haemoglobin and serum composition in
      susceptible and resistant birds.

PMID- 680919
TI  - Seasonal changes in egg-laying activity of Aedes species in Sonepat by the use of
      black jar ovitraps.

PMID- 680920
TI  - Estimation of the volume of liquor in second trimester.

PMID- 680922
TI  - Serum protein bound fucose in diagnosis of breast malignancy.

PMID- 680921
TI  - Critical evaluation of vaginal cytology, urinary oestriol and pregnanediol in
      pregnant women with bad obstetric history without obvious cause.

PMID- 680923
TI  - Fractionation of urinary estrogens and 17-ketosteroids in primary Eales' disease.

PMID- 680924
TI  - Study of hormonal influences on mast cells in rats.

PMID- 680925
TI  - Lymphomas in Uttar Pradesh.

PMID- 680926
TI  - Haemostatic disorders in suspected viral hepatitis and their prognostic
      significance.

PMID- 680927
TI  - Prevalence of atypical antibodies in blood bank practice with special emphasis on
      iso-immunisation.

PMID- 680928
TI  - Influence of Yoga training on thermoregulation.

PMID- 680929
TI  - Antagonism of some central pharmacological actions of prostaglandin E1 by
      prostaglandin F2alpha in rat.

PMID- 680930
TI  - Chromatographic separation of the venom of Enhydrina schistosa (common sea snake)
      and characterisation of its principal toxic component.

PMID- 680931
TI  - Gastric changes in non-ulcer dyspepsia.

PMID- 680932
TI  - A study of certified sickness absence among workers of a textile mill.

PMID- 680933
TI  - Study of metabolic bone disorder in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 680934
TI  - Auditory reaction time during different phases of menstrual cycle.

PMID- 680935
TI  - Some metabolic effects of adrenergic drugs in Bubalus bubalis.
AB  - The effects of intravenous administration of equimolar doses of adrenaline (20.00
      microgram/kg), noradrenaline (18.47 microgram/kg) and isoprenaline (23.06
      microgram/kg) on blood glucose, serum total protein, serum total cholesterol and
      serum urea were investigated in buffalo calves. There was significant increase in
      blood glucose level with all the sympathomimetic amines 5 min after their
      administration (P less than 0.05). Adrenaline and noradrenaline were almost
      equipotent in inducing hyperglycaemic response whereas the effect of isoprenaline
      was relatively less and short-lived. The increased glucose levels returned to pre
      administration levels within 5 hr. These sympathomimetic amines produced no
      significant changes in other metabolic parameters viz. serum levels of total
      cholesterol, total protein and urea.

PMID- 680936
TI  - Inhibition of the hypoglycaemic effect of intracerebroventricularly injected
      histamine by pheniramine.

PMID- 680937
TI  - Interactions between atropine and sympathomimetic amines on rabbit isolated
      jejunum and auricle.

PMID- 680938
TI  - Effect of glucocorticoids on insulin sensitivity in newborn dogs.
AB  - A 3-day treatment with 4 mg/kg Betnesol in anesthetized mongrel pups, 4-55 days
      of age effectively raised fasting plasma glucose concentration by 23 +/- 2.9%,
      which was higher than that observed in adult dogs similarly treated. Possibly
      this was due to the lack of effectiveness of insulin in the pups which is
      normally produced in response to hyperglycemia. The relative lack of
      effectiveness of insulin induced hypoglycemia in stimulating hepatic glucose
      production in the newborn pups was further demonstrated by the fact that insulin
      administration produced a hypoglycemia which lasted much longer than in adult
      dogs. On the other hand Betnesol treatment was found to be effective in restoring
      normoglycemia following administration of insulin in these pups presumably due to
      its gluconeogenic effect through the liver. In general this investigation points
      towards the lack of development of appropriate feedback mechanisms for glucose
      homeostasis in the newborn pups, and that it takes a period of about 3-4 weeks
      after birth to develop such mechanisms.

PMID- 680939
TI  - Role of vagus in thermal panting.
AB  - In dogs anaesthetised with pentobarbitone sodium, raising the body temperature
      from 37 degrees C to 42 degrees C increased the rate of respiration and pulmonary
      ventilation but decreased the tidal volume. A similar change though of a lower
      magnitude, was observed in these parameters after cold blocking the vagi. At 40
      degrees C body temperature, however, the vagal block was not effective in
      reducing the rate. The significance of hyperthermic panting mechanism dominating
      the Hering-Breuer mechanism at 40 degrees C has been discussed. It has been
      postulated that the vagi carry temperature dependent afferents that have effect
      opposite to the Hering-Breuer reflex. At 42 degrees C when respiratory failure
      usually sets in the temperature regulating function of respiration is the last to
      be lost.

PMID- 680940
TI  - Study of heart rate and blood pressure changes under distension of right and left
      atrial appendages in dogs.
AB  - Fifteen healthy stray dogs of both sexes were employed in the present study. The
      effect of distension of right and left atrial appendages with normal saline was
      observed on heart rate and blood pressure under different situations. It has been
      found that distension of either appendages separately or simultaneously
      invariably evoked tachycardia without any appreciable change in blood pressure.
      Increase in heart rate was found to be of a same magnitude with 5 ml normal
      saline in both the atrial appendages. However, a higher response was obtained
      with 10 ml normal saline distension in case of right atrial appendage as compared
      to left one. Increase in the extent of distension causes more significant
      response, the receptors of which are stimulated and may be allied to stretch
      receptors. It is contended that tachycardia could be a reflex effect which is
      abolished by vagotomy. It is further contended that either afferent, efferent or
      both pathways exist in the vagi.

PMID- 680941
TI  - Effect of papaya (Carica papaya linn) on pregnancy and estrous cycle in albino
      rats of Wistar strain.
AB  - The antifertility effects of Carica papaya were investigated by feeding adult
      cycling and pregnant rats with different components of its fruits. No attempt was
      made to force-feed the animals. The results indicate that unripe fruits of papaya
      interrupt estrous cycle and induce abortions. The abortifacient property seems to
      decrease as the fruit becomes stale or ripe. Exogenous progesterone counteracts
      partially the adverse effects on pregnancy and the surviving foeti are without
      any distinct malformations.

PMID- 680942
TI  - Effects of cyproterone acetate on the testicular function of bat (Rhinopoma
      kinneari Wroughton).
AB  - 1-Cyproterone acetate administration (0.2 mg/day/animal for 25 days) caused
      widespread testicular necrosis. The lumen of the epididymides were devoid of
      spermatozoa. The RNA, protein, sialic acid and phosphatase enzyme activity of the
      testes were reduced. Serum transaminase enzyme activity was slightly changed.
      Haemoglobin, hematocrit, blood sugar, and blood urea levels were in the normal
      range. Regressed Leydig cell tissue and decreased production of RNA and sialic
      acid in the testes could be due to the antiandrogenic action produced by
      cyproterone acetate.

PMID- 680943
TI  - Pulmonary functions and their correlation with anthropomorphic parameters in
      young adults of Haryana (India).
AB  - Pulmonary functions in 169 young males of Haryana were studied with the help of a
      water seal spirometer and Wright's peak flow meter. Different parameters analysed
      were FVC, FEV1%, P.F.R., MVV, and expiratory flow rates between 25-50%, 25-75%
      and 50-75% of FVC. Our mean values are well comparable with those of Indian
      workers but less than those reported by Western workers. Pulmonary functions
      correlate better with physical parameters, height arm span and upper segment than
      with age. Correlation coefficient (r) values of FVC and anthropomorphic
      parameters are +0.7953, +0.3835, +0.3566 and +0.0992 with arm span, upper
      segment, height and age respectively. These values of pulmonary functions in
      healthy adults when compared with those obtained from patients suffering from
      chronic obstructive lung disease, it was observed that expiratory flow rates may
      be more useful in the detection of pulmonary changes in obstructive lung diseases
      at an early and reversible stage.

PMID- 680944
TI  - Further studies on pharmacology of berberine.

PMID- 680945
TI  - Effect of diethylcarbamazine on Setaria cervi in vitro.
AB  - Diethylcarbamazine (DEC) produced an initial stimulation followed by depression
      of the movements of the intact worm and nerve-muscle preparation of Setaria
      cervi. The effective concentration of DEC was reduced to one hundredth in the
      nerve-muscle preparation as compared to the whole worm, suggesting that the
      cuticular barrier is highly effective in preventing the penetration of the drugs.
      The depressant effect of DEC was concentration dependent and was not reversed
      even after repeated changes of the bath fluid. The worms consumed 7.7 mg +/- 0.2
      glucose/g wet weight/hr. The consumption of glucose was directly proportional to
      its motor activity; it increased during the stimulant phase with low doses of DEC
      and decreased during the depressant phase.

PMID- 680946
TI  - Modification of the toxicity of acetylcholine by prior atropinization in mice.
AB  - The potentiation of acetylcholine (Ach) toxicity in mice with prior
      atropinization was tested. The experiments were carried out with three doses of
      200 mg, 300 mg, and 400 mg/kg of Ach administered ip. Prior atropinization was
      observed to potentiate the Ach toxicity at all dose levels of atropine except the
      highest in the group that received Ach 200 mg/kg and the results were variable in
      the other two groups.

PMID- 680947
TI  - A new sensitive method for detecting human endogenous (leukocyte) pyrogen.
AB  - Endogenous, or leukocyte pyrogen (EP), the mediator of fever, is currently
      detected by injection of pyrogen-containing supernatants into rabbits. This assay
      has been of little value in the study of human fever because it required
      injection of relatively large amounts of pyrogen. We now report that injection of
      medium containing human EP produces fever in mice. Supernatant from 1 c 10(5)
      granulocytes, stimulated by phagocytosis of staphylococci and incubated
      overnight, or 1 x 10(4) monocytes similarly treated, produce clear pyrogenic
      responses. This method for detecting EP is about 100-fold more sensitive than the
      rabbit assay, and it appears to be specific for EP. Preliminary studies of EP
      released by small samples of needle liver biopsies from febrile and afebrile
      patients suggests that this sensitive assay may be useful for investigations into
      the mechanisms of clinical fever.

PMID- 680948
TI  - Restoration of methotrexate-suppressed oxazolone-induced contact sensitivity with
      levamisole.
AB  - The effect of levamisole upon cell-mediated immunity was investigated using the
      oxazolone-induced contact sensitivity response in immunosuppressed and
      nonimmunosuppressed C57Bl male mice. Mice were sensitized to oxazolone on day 0,
      and where appropriate, methotrexate (1 mg/kg, p.o.) was administered on days 1
      and 2. On day 3, levamisole (5--50 mg/kg, p.o., base) was administered. One hour
      later, the animals were challenged with oxazolone on the left hindpaw. Twenty
      four hours after challenge, the resulting edema was read plethysmographically.
      Levamisole, in the absence of immunosuppression, had no significant effect upon
      the oxazolone response whereas, in the face of immunosuppression, restoration of
      oxazolone responsiveness was observed. These results were suggested to be due to
      (1) the ability of levamisole to stimulate opposing suppressor and effector
      components of the oxazolone response coupled with (2) an apparent alteration of
      suppressor influence by methotrexate allowing levamisole to enhance an
      unencumbered effector cell population.

PMID- 680950
TI  - Pathogenesis of papain-induced emphysema in the hamster.
AB  - In an effort to determine the mechanism of papain action in causing an emphysema
      like lesion in hamsters, the number and types of cells and the activities of two
      lysosomal enzymes in the lung were determined after papain exposure. Three and
      four weeks after a 3-h exposure to an aerosol of 3% papain the following
      alterations in lung structure and function were observed: (1) the mean linear
      intercept, or average distance between adjacent alveoli, was increased; (2) the
      internal surface area declined; (3) the dynamic compliance was elevated at low
      breathing frequencies. The numbers of cells present free in the lung increased
      from a control value of 2.0 +/- 0.2 x 10 (6)  to 6.6 +/- 0.5 x 10 (6) 5 days
      after exposure. The free beta-glucuronidase, alysosomal enzyme, likewise
      increased over threefold during the first 3 days after exposure. These results
      are consistent with the hypothesis that papain induces an inflammatory-type
      responses, and this may be in part responsible for inducing the lesion.

PMID- 680949
TI  - The influence of chemotactic factors on neutrophil adhesiveness.
AB  - The ability of several chemotactic factors to alter polymorphonuclear neutrophil
      (PMN) adhesiveness to nylon fibers was studied. Partly purified bacterial
      chemotactic factor, the isolated chemotactic fragment of human C5, and the
      chemotactic synthetic tripeptide, formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine,
      transiently enhanced the nylon fiber adhesiveness of rabbit peritoneal PMSs. The
      capacity of these chemotactic factors to augment PMN adherence closely paralleled
      their ability to aggregate PMNs in suspension and to induce neutropenia when
      infused into rabbits. However, at least a portion of the adhreence-augmenting
      capacity of these agents was independent of their ability to induce PMN
      aggregation. Thus, chemotactic factors appear to transiently enhance PMN
      adhesiveness to a variety of surfaces. This hyper-adhesiveness may underlie the
      augmented nylon fiber adherence, aggregation, and neutropenia induced by these
      factors.

PMID- 680951
TI  - Two distinct mechanisms for the initiation of mast cell degranulation. II. A
      specific inhibition of amine release by serum proteins.
AB  - Our experiments have provided additional data in support of the concept that
      different mast cell activators follow distinct biochemical path-ways in the
      initiation of secretion and degranulation. To do this we have taken advantage of
      the observation that some serum proteins, and albumins in particular, have the
      capacity to inhibit selectively the release of amines from rat peritoneal mast
      cells initiated by some, but not all, stimuli. We show that the relative
      inhibition of release obtained is independent of the concentration of activator
      but dependent upon the concentration of albumin, indicating that the inhibitory
      process does not involve a direct activator--inhibitor interaction. Finally, our
      data demonstrate that the inhibition does not interfere with the ability of the
      acitivator to interact with the mast cell. Thus, cells incubated with activator
      in the presence of inhibitor become increasingly unresponsive, or desensitized,
      to subsequent challenge with activator in the absence of inhibitor. These
      combined data therefore provide evidence, that, in addition to a selectivity in
      the activation/desensitization process initiated by different mast cell stimuli,
      at least one of the biochemical steps subsequent to the activation step is also
      not shared by all mast cell stimuli.

PMID- 680952
TI  - Sympathetic or reflex footpad swelling due to crystal-induced inflammation in the
      opposite foot.
AB  - Sympathetic or reflex footpad swelling occurred in rats when several crystals
      known to be pathogenic in human joints or soft tissues were injected into the
      opposite footpad. Monosodium urate (MSU), calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate
      (CaPPD), hydroxyapatite, calcium oxalate (CaOx), and xanthine (X) suspension
      induced varying degrees of such reflex of sympathetic swelling. In the second
      cycle of crystal-induced swelling, the foot that had been the initial or primary
      site of inflammation reacted with greater reflex swelling, when compared to the
      first cycle. Similarly, reflex increases in temperature occurred when CaPPD was
      injected. These reflex increases in swelling and temperature may relate to signs
      and symptoms of patients with reflex neurovascular dystrophy or shoulder--hand
      syndrome.

PMID- 680954
TI  - Principles of evaluation in post-graduate medical education.

PMID- 680953
TI  - Neutrophilic leukocyte membrane proteins. I. Isolation.
AB  - Rabbit exudate-derived PMN were homogenized and the cell membranes isolated on a
      two-phase aqueous system. Glycoproteins were extracted from cell membranes with
      lithium diiodosalicylate. SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis showed
      a consistent pattern of three major glycoprotein entities. Cells radioiodinated
      supravitally showed most of the radioactivity associated with larger glycoprotein
      entities whereas PMN membranes radiolabeled after isolation yielded a single
      major peak of radioactivity associated with a much smaller protein entity.
      Heterologous antisera against rabbit PMN, PMN membranes, and membrane
      glycoproteins were all cytotoxic for PMN in the presence of complement, and all
      bound to the PMN surface as demonstrated with immunocolloidal gold on electron
      microscopy. The data suggest that one or more glycoprotein entities are membrane
      associated ectoglycoproteins which can be radiolabeled supravitally.

PMID- 680955
TI  - A survey on the immunization status and breast feeding practices of infants of
      Agra.

PMID- 680956
TI  - Use of jet injectors for B.C.G. vaccination.

PMID- 680957
TI  - Physical growth of infants on vegetable based infant food.

PMID- 680958
TI  - Veno-occlusive disease of the liver.

PMID- 680960
TI  - Neonatal jaundice: its incidence and aetiology.

PMID- 680959
TI  - Study of physical & sexual growth of preadolescent & adolescent children of rural
      Hyderabad and their knowledge attitudes towards human reproduction and family
      planning.

PMID- 680961
TI  - Evaluation of diazepam as an anticonvulsant in the treatment of tetanus
      neonatorum.

PMID- 680962
TI  - Blood groups in children with rheumatic fever.

PMID- 680963
TI  - Foreign body in the oesophagus.

PMID- 680964
TI  - Foreign body in oesophagus, an unusual cause of intractable vomiting in children-
      (a case report).

PMID- 680965
TI  - Diamond Blackfan syndrome with congenital dislocation of right hip.

PMID- 680966
TI  - Cutaneous primary complex following venepuncture.

PMID- 680967
TI  - Role of foetal physician in medicine.

PMID- 680968
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis.

PMID- 680969
TI  - Lecithin-sphingomyelin ratio in amniotic fluid and its relation to gestational
      age, maternal factors and neonatal factors.

PMID- 680970
TI  - Gestational age: net regression curves from three independent variables.

PMID- 680971
TI  - Neonatal meningitis.

PMID- 680972
TI  - Plantar response in newborns.

PMID- 680973
TI  - A comparative study of immunisation status of children whose parents had
      undergone family planning operations with those whose parents were not.

PMID- 680974
TI  - Herniography and its accuracy in diagnosis of inguinal hernia in infants and
      children.

PMID- 680975
TI  - Empyema thoracis in children.

PMID- 680976
TI  - Septicemia in febrile children.

PMID- 680977
TI  - Harlequin fetus.

PMID- 680978
TI  - A case of vulvo-vaginal diphtheria in a girl of seven years.

PMID- 680979
TI  - Congenital intramuscular intraspinal neuroblastoma.

PMID- 680980
TI  - Chondrodystrophia calcificans punctata: a case report.

PMID- 680981
TI  - Urolithiasis and acute renal failure in an infant.

PMID- 680982
TI  - Cerebral palsy.

PMID- 680983
TI  - [The varying pathogenetic behaviour of 171 salmonella serotypes on the basis of
      their occurrence in feedstuffs, domestic animals and man (author's transl)].

PMID- 680984
TI  - Effect of three coccidiostatics against toxoplasmosis in mice.
AB  - Duocoxin, nicrazine and amprol plus showed no therapeutic effect in 50 mice each
      of which was infected with 25,000 organisms of a virulent Toxoplasma strain.

PMID- 680985
TI  - [The effect of noise on mental performance and selected physiological functions
      in different combinations between noise and dynamic muscular work (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 680986
TI  - [Assessment of various rest periods in respect of time variant fatigue-processes
      during simulated automobil driving (author's transl)].

PMID- 680988
TI  - Quantitation of urinary m- and p-methylhippuric acids as indices of m- and p
      xylene exposure.

PMID- 680987
TI  - [Air pollution due to tobacco smoke in restaurants (author's transl)].

PMID- 680989
TI  - Sex hormones and the immune response. II. Perturbation of antibody production by
      estradiol 17beta.
AB  - The administration of 75 microgram/kg of estradiol 17beta at successively later
      stages in the immune response of female guinea pigs to penicilloyl-coupled cavian
      globulins showed that this steroid reduces the rate of attainment of the maximum
      titer, the magnitude of the titer achieved, and the rate of titer decay. Control
      titers maximized at the third experimental week and diminished to one third the
      peak value by the 6th week. When steroid treatment was begun coincidentally with
      inoculation (week 0), the peak titer was delayed by 3 weeks, and by 2 weeks when
      hormone priming was begun at week 1 or 2. The highest antibody titers achieved in
      the presence of estrogen were 25-30% lower than those of sesame oil controls. The
      greatest immunosuppressive effect was observed when estradiol was given at the
      peak of the immune response, the titer dropping by 50% and remaining at that
      level for the next 4 weeks in spite of continued antigen inoculation and steroid
      treatment. Titer decay after the end of the inoculation course was prevented by
      estradiol but not by progesterone, CHP, or these same oil vehicle.

PMID- 680990
TI  - Delayed hypersensitivity to hapten-skin protein conjugates in guinea pigs
      sensitized to benzo(a)pyrene.
AB  - Guinea pigs were sensitized to 3,4-benzo(a)pyrene, by epicutaneous application or
      by footbad injection in Freund's complete adjuvant. Conjugates of benzo(a)pyrene
      and guinea pig skin protein formed by ultraviolet radiation could elicit
      cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity and could inhibit the migration of macrophages
      obtained from guinea pigs sensitized to the carcinogen. Extracts of
      benzo(a)pyrene-treated guinea pig skin and conjugates formed in vitro with
      benzo(a)pyrene isocyanate were unable to consistently elicit delayed
      hypersensitivity reactions in vivo or in vitro. The results indicate a high
      degree of hapten-carrier specificity to contact sensitivity to benzo(a)pyrene.

PMID- 680991
TI  - Activation of neutrophilic granulocytes by products of human lymphocytes.
AB  - Materials produced by stimulated primary cultures of human lymphocytes and by a
      continuous human lymphoid cell line, RPMI 1788, were tested for granulocyte
      phagocytosis promoting activity. Blood lymphocytes of healthy donors were
      stimulated with tuberculin (PPD) or concanavalin A (con A) and the culture fluids
      collected after 3 days of in vitro incubation. Fluids of the lymphoid cell line
      were collected from 2-day-old cultures. All three kinds of preparations were
      found to induce a significant increase in neutrophilic granulocyte phagocytic
      activity. Studies on the kinetics of granulocyte activation revealed that it is a
      relatively rapid process, being maximal within 60-120 min. This is in contrast to
      the considerably slower activation of monocytes in a comparable system.
      Intracutaneous inoculation of the active materials in human volunteers resulted
      in reactions that grossly and histologically resembled accelerated delayed type
      hypersensitivity reactions.

PMID- 680992
TI  - Cross-reactivity between grass and corn pollen antigens.
AB  - Analogous reactions of grass and corn pollen extracts in skin tests on patients
      suffering from pollinosis might suggest an antigenic relationship between grass
      and corn pollens. This problem was studied using the RAST inhibition test. Tests
      were performed with cellulose discs labelled with commercial skin test extracts
      containing grass, rye, wheat, barley, oat and maize pollens. Different mutual
      inhibitions were measured showing various grades of antigenic relationship. Only
      grass pollen antigens could strongly inhibit all other antigen-antibody
      reactions. Thus, we suppose that the investigated grass pollen extract also
      contains all antigens typical of corn pollen. Therefore, exclusive use of this
      extract seems to be possible in diagnosis and perhaps therapy of combined grass
      and corn pollen allergy.

PMID- 680993
TI  - Delayed hypersensitivity to soluble antigens in mice. I. Analysis in vivo.
AB  - Delayed hypersensitivity to a soluble protein has been analyzed in mice. Ear
      swelling, 24 h after injection of a test dose of antigen, has been used to
      monitor the response to a subcutaneous tail injection of egg albumin in complete
      Freund's adjuvant. Maximal 24 h ear swelling was observed 8 days after
      sensitization with either 50 or 100 microgram of antigen. These delayed
      reactions, which were characterized by mononuclear infiltrates, were relatively
      uncomplicated by Arthus reactions. The latter, antibody-mediated reactions were
      apparent at later times after immunization. More intense 24 hr reactions were
      elicited in C57BL/6 than BALB/c mice. Passive transfer of sensitivity has been
      accomplished with lymph node cells.

PMID- 680994
TI  - Determination of sodium, potassium and chlorine in small samples of healthy and
      burnt human skin by neutron activation.

PMID- 680995
TI  - High specific acitivity labelling of typhoid antigen.

PMID- 680996
TI  - A method for continuous monitoring of radiopharmaceuticals in blood for
      pharmacokinetic studies in rats.

PMID- 680997
TI  - Problems associated with scintillation counting of NaH 14CO3 and gel suspension
      counting of Ba 14CO3.

PMID- 680998
TI  - A porous metal system for joint replacement surgery.
AB  - A porous coated chrome cobalt system has been developed to provide long term
      stabilization in joint replacement surgery. The pore sizes are 50 to 100 microns,
      thus ensuring sufficient fatigue strength for use in high load bearing
      situations. Extensive in vitro and in vivo studies have been performed, and a
      five year follow-up of porous coated total shoulder prostheses has failed to
      reveal any evidence of loosening. The early results of porous coated hip implants
      is encouraging.

PMID- 680999
TI  - The emperor's new clothes.

PMID- 681000
TI  - Artificial cells and charcoal hemoperfusion.

PMID- 681001
TI  - Clinical use of a dialysis solution containing amino acids.

PMID- 681002
TI  - Charcoal controversies.

PMID- 681003
TI  - Blood pressure behaviour during dialysis and ultrafiltration. A pathogenic
      hypothesis on hemodialysis-induced hypotension.

PMID- 681004
TI  - Studies on sorbents for use in a hepatic support system.
AB  - A range of adsorbent and ion exchange materials has been tested for the sorption
      of fatty acids (hexanoic, octanoic and oleic), bilirubin and bromosulphthalein
      from human plasma. The importance of sorbent particle size for the kinetics of
      removal of strongly protein bound substances is shown. A system allowing the use
      of small particle size bioincompatible sorbents for detoxification is presented.

PMID- 681005
TI  - Antithrombogenicity of immobilized urokinase--clinical application.
AB  - A plasminogen activator, urokinase (UK) was immobilized on four different polymer
      surfaces: nylon, silicone rubber, poly (vinyl chloride) and a polyester, using
      our newly devised technique. Each material proved to have plasminogen activating
      activity. In vitro the thrombus formation time (TFT) of the UK-immobilized nylon
      tubes was over 45 minutes and the TFT of UK-immobilized silicone rubber tubes
      varied. When applied clinically, the UK-immobilized nylon tubes showed excellent
      antithrombogenicity.

PMID- 681006
TI  - Attempts at simulating evolution by a computer: I. evolution of proteins under
      prebiotic conditions.
AB  - The effect of random mutations of five identical pentapeptides that have been
      inserted arbitrarily along a 100 amino acid-long protein chain has been studied
      by computer simulation. The method used was the application of mutation
      probability matrix for 2 PAMs of Dayhoff (1972) repeatedly to obtain the desired
      length of time. The results indicated that, given sufficient length of time, even
      the identical peptides could become drastically altered and in order to recognise
      them as stemming from the same origin one has to use reasonable statistical
      significance thresholds.

PMID- 681007
TI  - A hierarchically-structured model of information processing in neural networks.
AB  - In order to describe the information processing mechanisms of a neural system a
      basic building block (sub-network), consisting of a group of interacting neural
      elements, is introduced. By interconnecting such units to give an integrated
      structure, a hierarchically-organised processing chain is formed. The properties
      of such a system are shown to provide a logical description of information
      processing which links high level events with underlying neural mechanisms.

PMID- 681008
TI  - Computer analog simulation of a model for the regulation of ago-antagonistic
      couples.
AB  - A system of quadratic differential equations is proposed within the framework of
      'non-linear mechanics', but also outside this framework in respect of certain
      features, and it is used with a view to formalising a feedback control system.
      The model helps to simulate states of balance or imbalance within an ago
      antagonistic couple and to suggest methods for correcting the imbalances, which
      do not require modification of the parameter space. Its possibilities of
      synchronic or diachronic functioning are emphasised. The model may apparently be
      used for the construction of similar models which include several ago
      antagonistic couples. Finally, the aims of such a model, which could be
      considered as an 'action' model, are defined; its place would be assigned midway
      between a black-box system and 'knowledge' models.

PMID- 681009
TI  - Robustness of life table methods in large populations--a study by computer
      simulation.
AB  - The robustness of the product life table estimator of the survival function was
      studied for large populations under perturbations in the age distribution,
      changing levels of mortality and changing patterns of fertility. A
      macrosimulation system, based on a class of stochastic population models called
      generalised age-dependent branching processes, was used to carry out the
      numerical investigations. Aside from drastic perturbations in the age
      distribution and changes in levels of mortality, the product life table estimator
      of the survival function was found to be robust in large populations, under a
      variety of conditions.

PMID- 681010
TI  - Mood dependency on low intensity atmospheric variability.

PMID- 681011
TI  - Effects of different ambient temperatures on physiological responses during
      exercise and recovery with special reference to energy requirement.

PMID- 681012
TI  - Effect of atmospheric small negative ions on the oxygen consumption of mouse
      liver cells.

PMID- 681014
TI  - Biological effects of low-level, very low-frequency (VLF) electric fields on the
      blood sedimentation rate.

PMID- 681013
TI  - Absence of harmful effects of protracted negative air ionisation.

PMID- 681015
TI  - Thyroid morphology and wet organ weight changes in rats exposed to different low
      intensity 0.5 Hz magnetic fields and pre-experimental caging conditions.

PMID- 681016
TI  - Testicular metamorphosis rates in European starlings maintained under short daily
      photophases.

PMID- 681017
TI  - Thymus mast cells numbers following perinatal and adult exposures to low
      intensity 0.5 Hz magnetic fields.

PMID- 681018
TI  - Effects of exposure to a simulated altitude of 3,500 m on calves and oxen.

PMID- 681019
TI  - Effects of exercise on young and adult cattle at low and high altitude.

PMID- 681020
TI  - Description and forecast of summer climate in physiologically significant terms.

PMID- 681021
TI  - Studies on heat tolerance of subtropical natives after migration to a temperate
      zone.

PMID- 681022
TI  - Rapidly progressing breast cancer (poussee evolutive) in Tunisia: studies on
      delayed hypersensitivity.
AB  - Delayed hypersensitivity reactions to a battery of antigens were measured in 145
      Tunisian breast cancer patients to determine whether an immunologic mechanism
      could be detected which might explain the high frequency (60%) of the rapidly
      progressing form in Tunisian breast cancer patients. Although a greater
      proportion (30%) of patients with rapily progressing breast cancer reacted to
      extracts of a breast tumor antigen (2937) than patients without PEV (9%), no
      significnat difference between PEV and non-PEV patients could be found in
      reactivity to DNCB, standard microbial antigens, or extracts from tissue culture
      cell lines. Rapidly progressing breast cancer in Tunisia is not associated with
      an impairment of delayed hypersensitivity.

PMID- 681023
TI  - Infectious mononucleosis and Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - A cohort of 9,454 patients with infectious mononucleosis, serologically
      confirmed, was followed up to determine their risk of developing
      lymphoproliferative diseases. A total of 1,759 patients was identified in
      Scotland from 1959 to 1971 and 7,695 in Sweden from 1952 to 1970. The cancer
      cases were identified by matching the list of patients with infectious
      mononucleosis against a list of patients with lymphoma, nasopharyngeal and colon
      carcinomas registered through 1972 in Sweden and through 1973 in Scotland. A four
      fold increase in risk was found for Hodgkin's disease based on 7 cases observed
      against 1.8 expected. Most of the excess cases of Hodgkin's disease occurred
      within three years of the diagnosis of infectious moonucleosis and among females.
      These results are similar to those of four other cohort studies and it is
      concluded that a positive association exists between infectious mononucleosis and
      Hodgkin's disease. Several explanations of this association were evaluated.
      Firstly, it may be that a very small proportion of persons who are in the course
      of developing Hodgkin's disease are temporarily misdiagnosed as having infectious
      mononucleosis. Secondly, infectious mononucleosis may increase the susceptibility
      to a factor which causes or promotes the development of Hodgkin's disease.
      Thirdly, infectious mononucleosis and Hodgkin's disease may share a common
      aetiology. Arguments in favour of, or against, each of these explanations are
      presented.

PMID- 681024
TI  - Substrate activation of cell adhesion factor as a prerequisite for cell
      attachment.
AB  - Cell Adhesion Factor, complexed to insoluble collagen-coated tissue culture
      dishes, is required for the attachment of fibroblasts to this substrate. In
      solution, the factor has no demonstrable affinity for cells in suspension
      following trypsin-EDTA removal of cells from monolayer. Cell surface receptors
      for the factor are present during the assay period since cells allowed to recover
      for 1 h at 37 degrees C, 4 degrees C or in the presence of 10(-6) M cycloheximide
      show exactly the same kinetics of adhesion as control cells. It is demonstrated
      that Cell Adhesion Factor acquires affinity for the cell surface only following
      its binding to collagen.

PMID- 681025
TI  - Non-phorbol mouse skin tumor promoters do not mimic phorbol myristate acetate in
      its effects on chick embryo fibroblasts.

PMID- 681026
TI  - Immunological characteristics of leukemia and lymphoma in allogeneic cell
      immunity: growth of syngeneic tumors in rats immunized with allogeneic cells.
AB  - The growth of transplanted tumors was strongly inhibited in syngeneic Wistar King
      Aptekman (WKA) rats immunized with allogeneic tumor cells from Donryu rats. This
      phenomenon of non-specific immunity against tumors is referred to as "allogeneic
      cell immunity". However, an exception to the "allogeneic cell immunity" was
      observed in leukemias and lymphomas. Four transplanted leukemia or lymphoma lines
      were not inhibited in syngeneic rats immunized with allogenic tumor cells.
      Furthermore, immunization with allogeneic leukemic cells had only a relatively
      weak inhibitory effect upon a syngeneic fibrosarcoma and no inhibitory effect
      upon leukemias. In WKA rats immunized with allogeneic lymphoid cells from Donryu
      rats, the growth of fibrosarcoma, but not of lymphoma, was inhibited. Using
      transplantation experiments, both fibrosarcoma and lymphoma were defined as
      antigenic tumors in WKA rats. Transplantation of mixtures of syngeneic tumor
      cells and allogeneic tumor cells in WKA rats confirmed the above findings. These
      results revealed that leukemia and lymphoma differ from non-leukemic tumors in
      regard to "allogeneic cell immunity".

PMID- 681027
TI  - The credibility of posthypnotic amnesia: a contextualists' view.

PMID- 681028
TI  - Context and cognition in posthypnotic amnesia.

PMID- 681029
TI  - Suggested amnesia and order of recall as a function of hypnotic susceptibility
      and learning conditions in chronic schizophrenic patients.

PMID- 681030
TI  - The role of expectancies in the occurrence of posthypnotic amnesia.

PMID- 681031
TI  - Relationship of posthypnotic amnesia to waking memory performance.

PMID- 681032
TI  - Time and context during hypnotic involvement.

PMID- 681033
TI  - Posthypnotic amnesia: evaluation of selective recall of successful experiences.

PMID- 681034
TI  - Recall and recognition during posthypnotic amnesia.

PMID- 681035
TI  - Presidential address: group psychotherapy today--ideologies and issues.

PMID- 681036
TI  - Inpatient group therapy: some current perspectives.

PMID- 681038
TI  - The rationale for the use of group psychotherapy for borderline patients on a
      short-term unit.

PMID- 681037
TI  - An educative model for inpatient group therapy.

PMID- 681039
TI  - Group therapy evaluation for psychiatric inpatients.

PMID- 681040
TI  - A use of videotape with inpatient therapy groups.

PMID- 681041
TI  - Combining experiential and didactic aspects in a new group therapy training
      approach.

PMID- 681042
TI  - Transference problems encountered in psychoanalytically-oriented family therapy.

PMID- 681043
TI  - Structured interactional group psychotherapy with couples.

PMID- 681044
TI  - Psychotherapy.

PMID- 681045
TI  - Work and general psychological and physical well-being.
AB  - This article describes a study of the influence of job factors (e.g. job control,
      pay, etc.) on job attitudes (satisfaction, alienation, stress) as well as the
      joint influence of job factors and job attitudes on general psychological and
      physical well-being. Satisfaction/alienation and felt stress were found to be two
      different modes of response to work. Prestige, control, variety, and opportunity
      for promotion were powerful predictors of satisfaction/alienation. Number of
      deadlines and job overlap with family life were important predictors of stress.
      The job factors and job attitudes showed substantively important relationships to
      general well-being. The testing of various alternate hypotheses supported the
      inference of a causal work-health link. Implications of the findings are that
      work must be viewed in a wider context than simply as a form of economic activity
      if the well-being of the population is to be improved and that a focus on
      individual "life-styles" as causes of lowered well-being leads to neglect of the
      underlying social structural bases of disease.

PMID- 681046
TI  - Social relations of production and consumption in the human service occupations.
AB  - This paper presents a Marxist analysis of human service occupations. As the
      forces of monopoly capitalism increased the need for human services and destroyed
      the social institutions which previously satisfied those needs, employment in the
      human service industries grew rapidly, and may now exceed that in manufacturing.
      The nature of human services is discussed: production and consumption occur
      simultaneously; the social relations of consumption and production are closely
      related; and service workers play a direct social control role. These
      characteristics generate contradictions between service and control in service
      work, and between service workers' roles as both oppressed workers and
      oppressors. Discussions of the ideologies impacting on the relationships between
      workers and "clients," the dynamics of these relationships, and the struggles to
      which they give rise conclude the paper.

PMID- 681047
TI  - The magnitude of malnutrition in Latin America.
AB  - Malnutrition, an illness which can easily be prevented and cured with existing
      resources and technology, is perhaps the most widespread disease in Latin
      America. However, it is unrecognized as such, and those population groups that
      suffer most from it are most prone to have their sufferings unrecorded. Two
      factors contribute to this: (a) the inaccuracy and incomplete coverage of vital
      statistics, as reflected by underregistration of deaths, insufficient medical
      certification of registered deaths, and biases both among certifying physicians
      and in the International Classification of Diseases; and (b) low population
      coverage by the health care systems and thus by the statistics which they
      generate. These factors are related to the ideological bias of those statistical
      systems and to the concepts of causality which they use. Through a review and
      analysis of "ad hoc" studies on the frequency of malnutrition in Latin America
      and its incidence in relation to morbidity and mortality, an estimation is made
      of malnutrition-caused deaths, which would amount to almost one-fifth of deaths
      from all causes. As overall availability of food in Latin America is adequate, it
      is held that this continent ultimately has the level of malnutrition that it
      wishes to have.

PMID- 681048
TI  - Health policy in France: a major issue in the 1978 legislative elections.
AB  - For the 1978 legislative elections, all French political parties have, for the
      first time, a relatively detailed health policy. The right-wing parties of the
      present government concentrate on the reduction of medical expenditure and the
      maintenance of the free enterprise tradition of French medicine. The left-wing
      parties concentrate more on the development of public health institutions and
      suggest nationalization of the pharmaceutical industry. Within the Left, there
      is, however, a difference of emphasis: the Socialists propose the setting up of
      medicosocial centers and abolition of the fee-for-service system; the Communists
      concentrate rather on industrial health and believe that an improved health
      service can only come from changes in overall social economic policy. None of
      these policies is particularly adventurous but their mere existence shows that
      health is now a major political preoccupation in France. Some of these policies
      are mainly concerned with individual and public welfare and others with the
      necessity of maintaining a certain social order. The debate surrounding health
      policy usually turns around these two issues.

PMID- 681049
TI  - The search for medical care: an exploration of urban black behavior.
AB  - Results are presented of a study of the medical care-seeking behavior of black
      adult residents of lower and middle socioeconomic status in two predominantly
      black, yet geographically and socioeconomically distinct communities within the
      District of Columbia. Against a varied distribution of primary medical care
      opportunities within the District, substantial differences are demonstrated in
      their use by lower- and middle-status residents of a lower-class community. These
      differences are not, however, manifested among lower- and middle-status residents
      of an essentially middle-class neighborhood. The patterns of medical care-seeking
      behavior are observed within a framework of an almost total avoidance of the
      available medical care personnel and facilities in the proximate suburbs.

PMID- 681050
TI  - Health in Argentina under the Military Junta.
AB  - The socioeconomic policies of Argentina's Military Junta, in power since March
      1976, have led to a sharp impoverishment of the vast majority of the population.
      In the health sector, facilities which previously were public are being
      transferred to the private sector, and public hospitals formerly providing free
      services to the population now charge patients for the care received. As a
      necessary counterpart to these unpopular measures, a regime of terror has been
      waged against members of the health team--both those politically active and those
      considered potentially subversive, particularly the psychiatrists and workers in
      community health. Differences between the Argentinian situation and previous
      European fascist patterns are noted, and the possibility of use of the
      "Argentinian model" in other capitalist countries in crisis is discussed.

PMID- 681051
TI  - The foreign medical graduate and public policy: a discussion of the issues and
      options.
AB  - This paper analyzes four basic reasons for curtailing the number of foreign
      medical graduates (FMGs) entering the United States: the loss to less-developed
      countries, the possible lower quality of medical care delivered by FMGs, the
      inability of all U.S. citizens who desire to receive a medical education to do
      so, and the fear of a possible surplus of physicians in the U.S. For each of
      these concerns, alternatives are presented and analyzed according to how well
      they would achieve their objectives. Based on the options proposed for reducing
      the number of FMGs, the conclusion is reached that the primary concern at present
      is an oversupply of U.S. physicians.

PMID- 681052
TI  - Some thoughts on moles and melanomas.

PMID- 681053
TI  - Lupus vulgaris successfully treated with clofazimine.

PMID- 681054
TI  - Lichen planus actinicus.
AB  - Two patients with lichen planus actinicus are reported. Lichen planus actinicus
      is more descriptive than lichen planus tropicus, since the condition appears in
      more temperate climate, i.e. Italy. The etiology of this condition is obscure,
      but light may act as a triggering mechanism.

PMID- 681055
TI  - Treatment of psoriasis at the Dead Sea.

PMID- 681056
TI  - Epidemiological strategies and environmental factors.

PMID- 681057
TI  - Ascitic cirrhosis in relation to alcohol consumption.
AB  - The average daily alcohol consumption of 184 male patients with ascitic cirrhosis
      and a random population sample of 778 males was ascertained by interview.
      Relative risks of ascitic cirrhosis are calculated for different levels of daily
      alcohol consumption: the logarithm of risk is shown to be a linear function of
      consumption. The proportion of cases attributable to alcohol is calculated and
      shown to be over 90%. The potential saving of ascitic cirrhosis if individual
      consumption of alcohol does not exceed 40g. per day is estimated at 80%.

PMID- 681058
TI  - Mortality from malignant tumours of bone and Paget's disease in the United States
      and in England and Wales.
AB  - Changes in death rates from malignant tumours of bone among successive cohorts in
      the U S A and in England and Wales are shown to be remarkably similar. Since
      cohorts born in the 1870's there have been simultaneous and equal declines in
      both countries and in both sexes. Comparable cohort trends are also shown for
      Paget's disease, although the death rates in the U S A are only about one-fifth
      of those in England and Wales.

PMID- 681059
TI  - Blood pressure and rural--urban migration in Iran.
AB  - To find the possible association between rural-urban migration and elevation of
      blood pressure a cross-sectional study was carried out with 379 subjects 40--59
      years of age in rural areas of East Azarbaijan, northwest Iran. Another cross
      sectional study was carried out in Teheran City in which 403 migrants from the
      same rural areas and also 357 non-migrant urban residents of the same age group
      from both sexes were examined. Comparison of the three groups showed that, in all
      age and sex groups, migrants had higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure
      than did the people in the rural areas of origin. The blood pressure levels of
      migrants and non-migrants in the city were not much different from each other.
      The effect of other variables on the levels of blood pressure was investigated.
      Age, sex and body build (as measured by ponderal index) were also associated with
      blood pressure. None of these factors however explained the differences in blood
      pressure levels between rural-urban migrants and people in the rural areas of
      origin.

PMID- 681060
TI  - 'The analgesic abuse syndrome': an epidemiological perspective.
AB  - Mild analgesics are freely available, widely used, and generally safe.
      Nevertheless a proportion of the population takes excessive quantities, of whom
      some develop chronic renal failure in consequence. A syndrome of analgesic abuse
      has been proposed, definable by characteristics other than analgesic intake. To
      examine this concept, a population study of analgesic consumption was carried
      out; the distribution was clearly unimodal and no association could be found
      between the quantity of analgesics taken and social class, marital status,
      working or not working, tea or coffee consumption or the number of cigarettes
      smoked. The principal determinants appeared to be sex, with females reporting a
      higher intake, and the presence of painful conditions. It was concluded that
      analgesics abuse cannot be defined other than by the number of analgesics
      consumed, and that the concept of an analgesic abuse 'syndrome' is not helpful in
      the design of preventive programmes.

PMID- 681061
TI  - The St John's randomized trial of the family practice nurse: health outcomes of
      patients.
AB  - From June 1975, to May 1976, in a large family practice in St. John's,
      Newfoundland, a randomized controlled trial was conducted to assess the
      effectiveness of a family practice nurse. Effectiveness was assessed using
      standardized health outcome measures of physical, emotional, and social function
      which could be applied easily and objectively by non-clinicians to the two groups
      of patients under study: patients receiving conventional care and patients
      receiving care from the family practice nurse. After establishing the
      comparability of these two groups of patients at the beginning of the study,
      these measurements showed similar levels of physical, emotional, and social
      function in the two groups after 1 year of receiving either family practice nurse
      or conventional care. These results agree with previous controlled trials of
      family practice nurses which have indicated that family practice nurses are
      effective and safe.

PMID- 681062
TI  - Utilization of services for preventable disease: a case study of dental care in a
      southern rural area of the United States.
AB  - The use made of dental services, both preventive and symptomatic, was explored in
      a small rural southern community in North Carolina as part of a case study
      illustrative of southern rural patterns of utilization of elective health
      services. The target population of 1689 persons in 545 households was interviewed
      in a household survey and in each of four follow-up panel visits over a period of
      one year--1974--75. Though overall utilization of dental services was low and
      preventive dental services even lower in both blacks and whites, blacks were at a
      considerable disadvantage. Unlike whites, increasing education did not increase
      use of services in blacks; also, unlike whites, black mothers' preventive
      behaviour was not associated with increased dental preventive behaviour in their
      children. In addition to barriers to care suffered by the poor, blacks in the
      south still have additional barriers to overcome: Established patterns of
      practice are slow to change even when legal and financial barriers are lowered.

PMID- 681063
TI  - Calculation of attributable risks from epidemiological data.
AB  - Attributable risk is an important epidemiological index, and may be more relevant
      to many health planning situations than other indices such as the relative risk.
      This paper outlines the requirements of typical epidemiological data in order to
      estimate attributable risks, and illustrates the calculations for some common
      types of research study. The examples chosen have no special significance per se,
      but represent the main findings of several typical investigations reported in the
      epidemiological literature. The combination of estimates from several studies and
      extrapolation to other populations are discussed. Finally the concept of
      attributable risk as the causal effect of a risk factor is presented.

PMID- 681064
TI  - Some epidemiological factors related to smoking among secondary school children
      of Delhi urban area.
AB  - The smoking habits of 1284 school children in Delhi Urban Areas (India) were
      studied. The prevalence of cigarette smoking was 8.7% overall, increasing from
      5.4% amongst boys age 14 to 26.7% at age 19. Nearly 80% started smoking between
      the ages of 11 to 14 years. Smoking habit was associated with family income and
      presence of smokers in the family.

PMID- 681066
TI  - A neglected problem.

PMID- 681065
TI  - A comparative study of urban and rural tetanus in adults.
AB  - An analysis of 240 patients, aged 15+, admitted to the tetanus ward of Irwin
      Hospital, New Delhi, with clinically diagnosed tetanus is reported. 134 patients
      (55.8%) came from rural areas and 106 (44.2%) from urban areas. The male--female
      ratio for both groups was approximately 2:1. Rural patients were younger, showed
      a longer incubation period and experienced a lower crude case fatality rate.
      Traditional practices like the application of cow dung to wounds, ear piercing
      and tatooing, and chronic ear infections were important factors in developing
      tetanus, demonstrating a need for health education in rural communities.

PMID- 681067
TI  - Pathways of acetate and propionate production in adult Fasciola hepatica.

PMID- 681068
TI  - In vitro cultivation of Fasciola hepatica metacercariae and of partially
      developed flukes recovered from mice.

PMID- 681069
TI  - Comparative ultrastructural topography of the gut epithelia of the lung fluke
      Paragonimus (Trematoda: Troglotrematidae).

PMID- 681071
TI  - Macroponema (Nematoda: Trichonematidae): a new genus from macropod marsupials.

PMID- 681070
TI  - Primary infection with mouse-derived cysticercoids of Hymenolepis nana prepared
      from baby or adult mice and secondary infections with eggs or cysticercoids.

PMID- 681072
TI  - Energy cost of locomotory activity in larval hookworms.

PMID- 681073
TI  - Responses of cattle to allergens from Boophilus microplus.

PMID- 681074
TI  - Sequential changes in salivary gland structure during attachment and feeding of
      the cattle tick, Boophilus microplus.

PMID- 681075
TI  - Human somatotropin. 55. Synthesis and growth-promoting activity of peptide
      analogs of the carboxyl terminal plasmin fragment.
AB  - Three analogs of the carboxyl terminal plasmin fragment of human somatotropin,
      [Nle 170, Ala165, 182, 189]-human somatotropin-(145-191), [Nle170, Ala165, 182,
      189]-human somatotropin-(140-191), and [Lys135,136, 138, Glu137, 139, Nle170,
      Ala165, 182, 189]-human somatotropin-(135-191) have been synthesized by the solid
      phase method. The synthetic peptides were assayed for growth-promoting activity
      and their potency was found to be comparable to that of [S
      carbamideomethylcysteine165,182, 189]-human somatotropin-(141-191) which was
      derived from the native hormone.

PMID- 681076
TI  - The synthesis and opiate activity of human beta-endorphin analogs. Substituted at
      residue positions 27 and 31.
AB  - Four analogs of human beta-endorphin have been synthesized and their opiate
      activities have been determined. One of the analogs, [27-phenylalanine, 31
      glycine]-betah-endorphin, was shown to possess an analgesic potency greater than
      that of the natural peptide.

PMID- 681078
TI  - Purification of milk-clotting protease from Bacillus mesentericus strain 76.
AB  - A two-step procedure for the isolation of pure enzyme from Bacillus mesentericus
      strain 76 is developed. Ion-exchange chromatography on CM-Sephadex-C50 is used as
      a second step after precipitation from ethanol. The pure enzyme preparation,
      obtained after gel filtration on Sephadex-G25 of the ion-exchange
      chromatographically separated product, possess the highest specific activity
      achieved. The homogeneity of the final preparation is proved by determination of
      the N-terminal amino acid (Arg) and by SDS-PAGDE (single disc).

PMID- 681077
TI  - Catalytic hydrogenolysis in liquid ammonia. Cleavage of Nalpha-benzyloxycarbonyl
      groups from cysteine-containing peptides with tert-butyl side chain protection.
      Application to a stepwise synthesis of somatostatin.
AB  - To exemplify the extension to synthesis of sulfur-containing peptides of the
      Nalpha-benzyloxycarbonyl and side chain tert-butyl protective group combination,
      somatostatin has been synthesized via incremental chain elongation starting from
      the COOH-terminal cysteine. Cleavage of the Nalpha-benzyloxycarbonyl groups was
      achieved in high yield, at each stage, by palladium-catalyzed hydrogenation in
      liquid ammonia. All side chain functionalities including the cysteine thiol
      groups were blocked by tert-butyl-derived groups. Each gave rise to individual
      n.m.r. signals which permitted sensitive characterization of all intermediate
      protected peptides. Mild conditions were used for the removal of all protecting
      groups from the completed somatostatin tetradecapeptide. The tert-butyl thiol
      protective groups were readily and completely cleaved by mercuric acetate at pH
      4. Oxidation of dihydrosomatostatin with potassium ferricyanide provided
      somatostatin in good yield. The results indicate that the absolute selectivity
      between alpha-amine and side chain protective group cleavage afforded by Nalpha
      benzyloxycarbonyl hydrogenolysis in the presence of omega-tert-butyl groups may
      now be extended to synthesis of cysteine- and methionine-containing peptides.

PMID- 681079
TI  - Reaction of ovine prolactin with 2-(2-nitrophenylsulfenyl)-3-methyl-3'
      bromoindolemine.
AB  - The two tryptophan bonds at positions 91 and 150 in ovine prolactin have been
      cleaved by the use of 2-(2-nitrophenylsulfenyl)-3-methyl-3'-bromoindolemine. The
      reaction yielded three products: a small fragment containing residues 92-150, a
      large fragment consisting of residues 1-91 and 151-199 joined by a disulfide
      bond, and a derivative containing uncleaved but oxidized prolactin. The yield of
      the two fragments was 38% and 26%, respectively, indicating a cleavage of
      approximately 55% for each tryptophan residue. The products were characterized by
      exclusion chromotography, amino acid analysis, isoelectric focusing on
      polyacrylamide, circular dichroism spectra, two-dimensional
      chromatography/electrophoresis on tryptic digests, and ultraviolet absorption
      spectra. The oxidized but uncleaved product had immunological activity, whereas
      the two fragments had none. None of these derivatives was active as assayed by
      the pigeon crop-sac test.

PMID- 681080
TI  - Synthesis and circular dichroism studies of two polypeptides H-[Gly-(Pro)3]n-OH
      and H-[Gly-(Pro)4]n-OH.
AB  - Recently Gly-(Pro)3 a proline-rich protein (PRP) containing repetitive Gly-(Pro)3
      or Gly-(Pro)4 sequences was isolated from human parotid saliva. The synthesis of
      two polypeptides containing these sequences is described. Their circular
      dichroism spectra have been recorded and are compared with the circular dichroism
      spectrum of the natural protein.

PMID- 681081
TI  - Synthesis of an open-chain asymmmetrical cystine peptide corresponding to the
      sequence A18-21--B19-26 of bovine insulin by solid phase fragment condensation.
AB  - An insulin fragment containing residues A 18-21 and B 19-26 linked by the
      disulfide bond between residues A 20 and B 19 was synthesized. The sequence B 21
      26 was assembled on a solid support by the Merrifield technique. The protected
      fragments A 18-21 and B 19-20 were prepared by conventional methods. After
      forming the disulfide bridge through cleavage of the S-thiocarbonate derivative
      of A 18-21 by the thiol peptide B 19-20, the resulting assymmetrical cystine
      peptide A 18-21--B 19-20 was coupled via the carboxyl group of residue B 20 to
      the free NH 2-terminal amino group of the protected B 21-26 resin. The product
      was deprotected, cleaved from the resin, and purified to give the homogenous
      dodecapeptide A 18-21--B 19-26.

PMID- 681082
TI  - Human transferrin, asialotransferrin and the intermediate forms.

PMID- 681083
TI  - Tight packing of protein cores and interfaces. Relation to conservative amino
      acid sequences and stability of protein-protein interaction.
AB  - The tightly packed protein interiors and interfaces are taken to be essentially
      solids. The tight packing, and the r -6 dependence of the energy of van der
      Waals' interactions may account for the highly conservative core regions of
      homologous proteins. The hydrophobic free energies used to calculate
      confirmational stability and the association constants for protein-protein
      interactions are not adequate, since the free energies are obtained from liquid
      liquid transfer of model compounds. An additional term is required, the enthalpy
      of fusion. This provides an additional approximately 7 kcal mol -1 for the
      stabilization of the trypsin-trypsin inhibitor complex.

PMID- 681084
TI  - Synthesis and opiate activity of human beta-endorphin analogs with various chain
      lengths.
AB  - The synthesis of beta h-endorphin -(1--15), -(1--21), -(1--26), -(1--28) and -(1-
      29) have been accomplished by the solid-phase method. The opiate activities of
      the peptides were measured in the guinea pig ileum assay. Their relative
      potencies were beta h-endorphin (beta h-EP), 1.00; Met-enkephalin, 0.25: beta h
      EP-(1--15), 0.17; beta H-EP-(1--21), 0.46; beta H-EP-(1-26), 0.48; beta h-EP-(1-
      28), 0.89; beta h-EP-(1--29), 1.04.

PMID- 681085
TI  - A survey of atom packing in globular proteins.
AB  - This survey of the atom packing in the high resolution X-ray crystal structures
      of 21 proteins indicates that the atom density around a given central atom is
      determined primarily by its covalently bonded neighbors and proximity to the
      surface of the protein. Long-range hydrophobic, hydrogen bonding, and
      electrostatic interactions are strictly of secondary importance. Both radial and
      angular atom densities were calculated about various central atoms of several
      residue types, averaged over all occurrences of the chosen residue type in all 21
      proteins. Polar interactions, such as hydrogen bonding, involve on the average
      shorter distances than hydrophobic interactions do, and are more directional.
      Spatial segregation of polar and non-polar atoms is never complete in long-range
      interactions since the types of atoms are linked together covalently.

PMID- 681086
TI  - Cyclic peptides. V. Synthesis of AM-toxin II and its analog.
AB  - A cyclic tetradepsipeptide with a sequence corresponding to AM-toxin II (a
      phytotoxic peptide) was synthesized in order to confirm the proposed structure by
      a conventional method. This was mediated through a dehydration reaction of
      cyclodepsipeptide containing a D-Ser residue, by methanesulfonyl chloride
      containing sulfur dioxide. The synthetic peptide and natural AM-toxin II were
      identical as regards t.l.c., crystal form, several kinds of spectra measurements
      and biological activity in causing necrosis on apple leaves. An analog, [L-Phe1]
      AM-toxin, containing the lower homolog (L-phenylalanine) instead of L-2-amino-5
      phenylpentanoic acid in position 1 of natural toxin II, was synthesized
      simultaneously. [L-Phe1]-AM-toxin showed extremely weak activity; the
      relationship between the bulkiness of an aromatic side chain and the biological
      activity of AM-toxin II is discussed.

PMID- 681087
TI  - Instincts and hostile affects.

PMID- 681088
TI  - Time and affects in borderline disorders.

PMID- 681089
TI  - Some reflexions on depressive affect.

PMID- 681090
TI  - Time and the pre-verbal transference.

PMID- 681091
TI  - Patients' reactions to the death of the psychoanalyst.

PMID- 681092
TI  - On working through the psychotic elements in the analytic process.

PMID- 681093
TI  - Notes on the psychopathology and psychoanalytic treatment of some borderline
      patients.

PMID- 681094
TI  - Different types of anxiety and their handling in the analytic situation.

PMID- 681096
TI  - Dialogue on 'different types of anxiety and their handling in the psychoanalytic
      situation'.

PMID- 681095
TI  - On understanding and treating anxiety and its derivatives.

PMID- 681097
TI  - The 'razor's edge' in depression and mourning.

PMID- 681098
TI  - Process and affect: mourning and grief.

PMID- 681099
TI  - The development of object relationships and effects.

PMID- 681100
TI  - On the development of object relationships and affects.

PMID- 681101
TI  - Dialogue on 'the development of object relationships and affects'.

PMID- 681102
TI  - Affective response of the analyst to the patient's communications.

PMID- 681103
TI  - Affective response of the analyst to the patient's communications.

PMID- 681104
TI  - Colloquium on 'affective response of the analyst to the patient's
      communications'.

PMID- 681105
TI  - The stimulus barrier and the pathogenicity of trauma.

PMID- 681106
TI  - Adult psychic trauma: the question of early predisposition and some detailed
      mechanisms.

PMID- 681107
TI  - The ego ideal of the psychoanalyst.

PMID- 681109
TI  - Panel and open forum on the ego ideal of the psychoanalyst.

PMID- 681108
TI  - The ego ideal of the psychoanalyst.

PMID- 681110
TI  - Some reflexions on the topic of the 30th Congress: 'Affects and the
      psychoanalytic situation'.

PMID- 681111
TI  - Clinical tests of visual function.

PMID- 681112
TI  - Do cataracts influence pupillary responses?

PMID- 681113
TI  - The importance of indirect ophthalmoscopy.

PMID- 681114
TI  - Ruling out posterior segment lesions with echography.

PMID- 681115
TI  - Evaluation of eyes with opaque media by using bright-flash electroretinography.

PMID- 681116
TI  - Conventional cataract surgery.

PMID- 681117
TI  - Microsurgical technique: incision, extraction, and wound closure.

PMID- 681118
TI  - Phakoemulsification--cataract surgery of the future?

PMID- 681119
TI  - Surgical techniques for placement of intraocular lenses.

PMID- 681120
TI  - Postoperative refraction and visual performance: introduction.

PMID- 681122
TI  - Review of aphakic correction by lenses.

PMID- 681123
TI  - Practical aspects of aphakic refractions.

PMID- 681121
TI  - Visual acuity: the influence of refraction and diffraction and the use of
      interference fringes.
AB  - In summary, interference acuity provides an exceedingly useful technique for
      separating optical from retinal causes for poor vision. Opacities can cause gross
      disturbances of the fringe pattern, so failure in this test may or may not be
      caused by poor macular function. For patients who would be operated on only if
      indications of existing potential for vision could be obtained, this test is
      invaluable. We had several patients who would have been excluded from
      consideration for a cataract extraction but who were not because we were able to
      show good potential for acuity; postoperatively, they achieved acuities as
      predicted. The test succeeded in evaluating macular function in instances when
      the usual methods of testing for vision potential, such as two-point
      discrimination, electroretinography, and ultrasound, provided only crude
      estimates of retinal function. Although the apparatus required is simple-a small
      laser, a few optical components, and a patient chair-I am not sure how long it
      will take before ophthalmologists will have it available for office use. But I am
      optimistic about the possibilities offered by the widespread use of what I
      consider to be a promising new technique for evaluating macular function behind
      opacities of the ocular media.

PMID- 681124
TI  - Optics of pseudophakia.

PMID- 681125
TI  - Contact lens correction of aphakia.

PMID- 681126
TI  - Electronic retinoscopy: special considerations in the aphakic patient.

PMID- 681127
TI  - Restoration of binocularity in unilateral aphakia by nonsurgical means.

PMID- 681128
TI  - Preoperative evaluation of visual function: introduction.

PMID- 681129
TI  - The relationship between retinal receptor orientation and photoreceptor optics.
AB  - At this time, based on still-restricted studies, it would seem that a fundamental
      property of vertebrate receptor optics is anterior pointing by receptors. The
      anterior pointing locus is most probably a point approximating the center of the
      exit pupil of the eye. There is evidence for the recovery of orientation when
      that orientation is disturbed. One or more mechanisms mediate that orientation,
      and we must seek to define and understand their functional properties. We must
      better define how disturbance in orientation influences vision. Briefly stated,
      substantially disturbed receptors have reduced light-guiding capability (and
      hence reduced sensitivity), reduced contrast sensitivity (caused by increased
      cross talk and so forth), and reduced resolution capability. These combine to
      creat a detectable (but not necessarily common) form of amblyopia [30]. In a
      sense, these cases of poor acuity would seem to represent a failure of the
      photoreceptor alignment system. An interesting set of theories has evolved in
      relation to receptor alignment in the neonate. There is considerable mechanical
      hydraulic stress on the newborn ocular vascular system at the time of delivery.
      Retinal hemorrhages and transient edema of the optic papilla following
      intracranial pressure rise and rapid decompression later during delivery of the
      head commonly occur. These can readily causd disturbances in receptor alignment.
      In some instances the macula is involved. While hemorrhages are apparently
      rapidly absorbed, if foveal receptors remain misaligned during the critical
      period (not yet really defined) for the development of vision, central fine
      resolution capability may fail to develop. That is, subsequent elaboration of the
      visual system is dependent upon the quality of the optically transmitted and
      neurally transformed retinal image during the critical period for visual
      development. If the capability for realignment exists and occurs after part or
      all of the critical period, then signs of a prior receptor disarray may no longer
      be present in later years, but reduced resolution capability can persist. There
      is interesting literature on the subject [63-68]. K. Simons is currently
      reviewing this literature as part of his dissertation. Simons points out that the
      rupture of vessels may in fact partially serve as a safety valve protective of
      the infant in the presence of these substantive forces, i.e., fine-vessel rupture
      may limit the potential for damage to the eye. At this stage of investigation it
      is dangerous to carry speclation too far. Thus not only must we consider the
      mechanism for orientation, the nature of a possible error signal, and the
      mechaniisms for maintaning orientation and relating the retina to its substrate,
      but we must also analyze the consequences of disturbances in these mechanisms in
      relation to the individual's visual capability. Of equal importance is the need
      to understand the mechanisms and processes leading to failure of recovery of
      proper photoreceptor orientation...

PMID- 681130
TI  - Clinical evaluation of rod and cone function: electroretinography and visually
      evoked cortical potentiasl.

PMID- 681131
TI  - The optics of the eye and visual acuity.

PMID- 681132
TI  - Possible indication of dopaminergic blockade in man by electroretinography.
AB  - In view of the finding that dopamine is the principle neurotransmitter in the
      retina, an attempt was made to demonstrate dopaminergic receptor blockade by
      means of electroretinography. In an open experimental setting, the effect of 50
      mg thioridazine was compared with that of placebo in 2 groups of 10 normal
      volunteers. In the placebo group, the post-drug scotopic electroretinogram (ERG)
      was not significantly different from the pre-drug ERG, while in the thioridazine
      group, the post-drug scotopic ERG showed prolongation of 'a' wave latency time,
      prolongation of 'b' wave evolution time, and diminution of 'b' wave amplitude.

PMID- 681133
TI  - Rhodopsin and visual threshold in retinitis pigmentosa.
AB  - Rhodopsin kinetics and visual threshold were determined in three subjects with a
      dominant form of retinitis pigmentosa. The retinal areas studied showed varying
      loss of sensitivity, which correlated well with the reduction in the measured
      density of rhodopsin in the test region. Rhodopsin photosensitivity was normal,
      and there was no evidence that either rhodopsin or the cone pigments regenerated
      more rapidly than normal. The findings in these cases of retinitis pigmentosa,
      when compared with the threshold changes induced by vitamin A deficiency or
      photic bleaching, suggest that the disease produces an imbalance between disc
      removal and new disc formation, which results in a progressive shortening of the
      photoreceptor outer segments and, eventually, in their complete disappearance.

PMID- 681134
TI  - Normal and amblyopic contrast sensitivity function in central and peripheral
      retinas.
AB  - Contrast sensitivity functions (CSF's) for temporally modulated sine wave
      gratings were established at a variety of retinal eccentricities in three
      esotropic amblyopes with acuities in their amblyopic eyes of 20/50, 20/100, and
      20/300. CSF's were shown to vary with eccentricity and the degree of amblyopia.
      In the 20/50 amblyope, reduced CSF's were confined to the higher spatial
      frequencies and to the central 5 degrees of the retina. Given greater acuity
      deficits (e.g., 20/100 and 20/300), CSF's were depressed over the entire spatial
      frequency range tested, with the effects intruding farther into the peripheral
      retina than for the 20/50 amblyope. In addition, the detection of the temporal as
      well as the spatial modulation was depressed in the CSF's of the observers with
      severe amblyopia.

PMID- 681135
TI  - A displaced Stiles-Crawford effect associated with an eccentric pupil.
AB  - Receptors tend to be oriented toward a point near the center of the pupil in the
      normal eye. We report psychophysical studies of receptor orientation and
      directional sensitivity in a subject whose right pupil is displaced nearly 3 mm
      nasally as a result of injury sustained 25 years ago. The Stiles-Crawford effect
      was measured for foveal cones and for parafoveal cones and rods. Greatest
      sensitivity was found in all cases at a point close to the center of the natural
      pupil, indicating that the receptors in this eye are trained toward the
      abnormally situated pupil. At large angles of incidence, foveal cones exhibited a
      clear asymptote of sensitivity 0.83 log units below the sensitivity for axially
      incident light. Parafoveal cones were more directionally sensitive, with a
      suggestion of an asymptote for oblique incidence about 1.2 log units below the
      sensitivity for axial incidence. Rods showed a sensitivity pattern decentered
      like that of the cones, with a greatest observed sensitivity loss of 0.28 log
      units. Best acuity for cones was observed for entrance pupils close to the
      optical axis of the eye, remote from the pupillary region for best sensitivity.

PMID- 681136
TI  - The effects of intravitreally injected prostaglandin E1 on retinal function and
      their enhancement by a prostaglandin-transporter inhibitor.
AB  - The effects of intravitreally injected prostaglandins (PG's) E1 and F2alpha were
      studied on conscious, bromcresol green (BrCG)-pretreated and control rabbits. The
      electroretinogram (ERG) of both the PG-injected and the contralateral control
      eyes was recorded with contact lens electrodes; and electrocorticogram and the
      visually evoked response (VER) were recorded from both hemispheres with
      previously implanted supradural electrodes. In normal rabbits, intravitreal
      injection of 0.70 mg of PGE1 resulted in a small reduction in the amplitude of
      the ERG b-wave and of the slow negative wave (SNW) of the contralateral VER. In
      BrCG-pretreated rabbits, intravitreal injection of 0.70 mg of PGE1 caused a
      statistically significant decrease in the amplitude of the ERG b-wave and the
      SNW. Intravitreal injection of 0.7 mg of PGE1 also caused a significantly
      prolonged inhibition of the ERG in BrCG-pretreated, but not in normal rabbits,
      following exposure of the eye to a bright light flash. A smaller dose of PGE1
      (0.35 mg/eye) caused more moderate effects on some of these parameters. These
      effects could not be explained by the PG-induced miosis. PGF2alpha (0.7 mg/eye)
      caused no significant changes in any of the parameters studied. These results
      indicate that exogenous PG's can have adverse effects on retinal function and
      that these effects are enhanced by BrCG, a PG-transport inhibitor. Presumably,
      this inhibitor blocks the PG-removal mechanisms across the blood-retinal barriers
      and hence allows the accumulation of PG's in the extracellular fluids of the
      retina.

PMID- 681137
TI  - Reduction by indomethacin of the degeneration increase in outflow facility after
      superior cervical ganglionectomy in the rabbit.
AB  - The effects of indomethacin and aspirin on the increase in facility of aqueous
      outflow occurring 24 hr after removal of the the superior cervical ganglion from
      rabbits have been studied. Both drugs were administered in the suppository from 1
      hr prior to facility determinations. After pretreatment of rabbits with
      indomethacin in this  manner, the degeneration increase in outflow facility was
      significantly reduced but not completely abolished. After pretreatment with
      aspirin, on the other hand, outflow facility of the denervated eyes, although
      showing a trend toward reduction from values for ganglionectomized eyes of
      untreated rabbits, was not changed statistically. The effect of indomethacin may
      be due to inhibition of porstaglandin or thromboxane synthesis. Because of the
      results with aspirin, however, a special action of indomethacin in reducing the
      elevated outflow facility must also be considered.

PMID- 681138
TI  - Abnormal retinogeniculate projections in the congenitally microphthalmic cat.
AB  - The retinogeniculate projections from the normal eye of a unilaterally
      microphthalmic cat are abnormal in that optic tract fibers cross laminar borders
      and end, inappropriately, in geniculate layers that would normally receive input
      from the microphthalmic eye. This congenitally induced abnormal retinogeniculate
      projection is quite similar to that seen in cats with one eye surgically removed
      shortly after birth. Although most cells are shrunken in the laminae normally
      innervated by the microphathalmic eye, cells in the region of the abnormal
      projection appear normal. The normal pattern of geniculate lamination is also
      disrupted in that cell-free interlaminar regions are considerably more difficult
      to define in the microphthalmic cat.

PMID- 681139
TI  - Inflammatory response of guinea pig to injected limbal tissue.
AB  - This study examined the possibility that homologous limbal tissue, including
      trabecular meshwork, serving as an antigen, could elicit inflammatory cells
      responsible for both aqueous obstruction and inflammation; the possible role of
      this response in ocular disease was also studied. Four sets of guinea pigs were
      sensitized with complete Freund's adjuvant. One set received just adjuvant and
      saline, one set received adjuvant plus uvea, and two sets received adjuvant plus
      limbal tissue. The animal injected with only adjuvant and saline all showed
      normal ocular histology. Sensitizing guinea pigs with limbus and adjuvant
      produced mononuclear infiltration of the uvea, trabeculum, and episclera.
      Lymphocytes and plasma cells predominated. The response induced by the limbus
      seemed to consist of two components: a uveal and a specific limbal component. The
      lymphoid infiltration of the uvea was identical to the response induced by uveal
      antigen in our uvea control group. The limbal component was characterized by
      clusters of lymphocytes and plasma cells in the trabecular and episcleral
      regions. This study showed that limbal tissue antigen induces an inflammatory
      response in both uvea and limbus, and that the inflammatory response in the
      trabeculum is greater with limbal than uveal antigen.

PMID- 681141
TI  - Kitten ganglion cells: dendritic field size at 3 weeks of age and correlation
      with receptive field size.
AB  - A Golgi study of beta (brisk-X type) ganglion cells has been done to compare
      ganglion cells in the retina of 3-week-old and adult cats. An anatomical basis
      for the large receptive field centers found in the immature kitten retina was
      sought. Kitten beta-type ganglion cells have significantly smaller dendritic
      spreads than adult beta cells; the dendrites of the kitten cells must still grow
      to reach their final adult size. Therefore a synaptic basis for the large
      receptive field size of the immature cells is suggested.

PMID- 681140
TI  - Elastin content of the scleral spur, trabecular mesh, and sclera.
AB  - The scleral spur and trabecular mesh of the human eye contain approximately 5%
      elastic tissue. Elastic tissue forms less than 2% of the sclera.

PMID- 681143
TI  - Paramyxovirdae.
AB  - Iit is proposed that the family paramyxovirdae shall comprise three genera:
      paramyxovirus, Morbillivirus, and Pneumovirus.

PMID- 681142
TI  - Visualization of the lens in ultrasonic holography.

PMID- 681144
TI  - Hepatitis B vaccine: efficacy in high-risk settings, a two-year study.
AB  - A formalin-treated hepatitis B vaccine in the form of purified hepatitis B
      surface antigen (HBsAg) was prepared from asymptomatic human HBsAg carriers. Its
      safety and potency were tested in 5 chimpanzees. The vaccine was administered to
      264-individuals. The results of the first 173 immunizations--46 hemodialysis
      patients and 127 staff members--are presented. Potency was ascertained and
      efficacy assessed by the development of humoral immune responses to HBsAg (anti
      HBs antibody) and seroepidemiologic studies of vaccinated and nonvaccinated
      subjects. The results, 2 years after immunization, suggest that the vaccine was
      protective against hepatitis B infection in high-risk hemodialysis settings.
      Preliminary studies with an inactivated hepatitis B vaccine similarly prepared,
      but with aluminum hydroxide as adjuvant, indicate that a such a preparation
      induces a more rapid and stronger anti-HBs response.

PMID- 681145
TI  - Effect of supraoptimal temperatures upon tobacco mosaic virus RNA replicase.
AB  - An examination of the effect of supraoptimal temperatures upon tobacco mosaic
      virus (TMV) RNA replicase demonstrated that the enzyme activity rapidly decreased
      at 40 degrees whether incubated in vitro after extraction or in leaves at that
      temperature prior to extraction and assay. The loss of replicase activity
      paralled the decline in capacity for in vivo incorporation of 32P into TMV RNA at
      25 degrees following different periods of incubation at 40 degrews. The optimal
      temperature for replicase activity in vitro 35 degrees, and greater activity
      occurred at 40 than at 25 degrees. After about 15 min incubation at 40 degrees,
      in vivo incorporation of 32P into double-stranded TMV RNA became temperature
      sensitive. This function could not be reproduced with the in vitro replicase
      system.

PMID- 681146
TI  - Hepatitis B core particles with endogenous DNA polymerase activity from
      chimpanzee liver.
AB  - Hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) particles, approximately 27-28 nm in diameter
      and rho = 1.30-1.35 g/cm3, were purified from the liver of a chimpanzee
      experimentally infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) while under cyclophosphamide
      treatment. The purified HBcAg particles incorporated radioactive deoxythymidine
      triphosphate. The product was precipitable by trichloroacetic acid and sensitive
      to DNase, but resistant to digestion by RNase. The reaction required four
      deoxyribonucleosise triphosphates- dATP, dCTP, dGTP and dTTP. Exogenous template
      did not enhance the reaction. From these findings, it was suggested that HBcAg
      particles purified from the HBV-infected chimpanzee liver contained DNA
      polymerase and endogenous DNA.

PMID- 681147
TI  - An insect cell line persistently infected with a baculovirus-like particle.
AB  - A persistent infection by a baculovirus-like particle was found in the
      established lepidopteran (Heliothis zea) cell line, IMC-HZ-1. The virus caused
      CPE in less than 1% of the IMC-HZ-1 cells, as measured by phase-contrast and
      electron microscopy. Transmission tests showed that four lepidopteran cell lines
      were susceptible to the persistent virus (designated as IMC-HZ-I-NOV). In
      inoculated TN-368 cell cultures, 90--100% infection was achieved. The
      ultrastructure and development of IMC-HZ-I-NOV in cell cultures were similar to
      known baculoviruses, and it is probable that this persistent virus is a member of
      the family Baculoviridae. Two lepidopterous species (Estigmene acrea and H. zea)
      inoculated with IMC-HZ-1-NOV by intrahemocoelic injection and/or per os feeding
      of larvae were not susceptible.

PMID- 681148
TI  - Chronic active liver disease: experiences with 17 patients.

PMID- 681149
TI  - Dietary standards for the postponement of coronary heart disease: their practical
      application in Britain and Ireland.

PMID- 681150
TI  - Sympathetic blockade and reversed saphenous vein by-pass grafting: an
      experimental study.

PMID- 681151
TI  - Human prolactin: radioimmunoassay studies.

PMID- 681153
TI  - The paediatric dimension (glaxo lecture 1978).

PMID- 681152
TI  - Lack of effect of bran enriched bread on plasma lipids, calcium, glucose and body
      weight.

PMID- 681154
TI  - The G.M.S.--where the money goes.

PMID- 681155
TI  - Business management for medical practice.

PMID- 681156
TI  - Prescriptions for antibiotics 1973-1977.

PMID- 681158
TI  - Malaria surveillance in Israel.

PMID- 681157
TI  - Prolonged pregnancy--a year's survey.

PMID- 681159
TI  - Value of the gel-precipitation test in monitoring the endemicity of malaria in a
      rural African village.

PMID- 681160
TI  - Immunodiagnosis of malaria: prospects for the future.

PMID- 681161
TI  - Patterns of primary thyroid failure.
AB  - Serum thyroxine(T4), triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
      levels were measured in 170 patients with suspected hypothyroidism. Only patients
      with elevated serum TSH levels indicative of some degree of primary thyroid
      failure were included in the study. They appeared to represent four distinct
      classes of thyroid failure: class 1 (19.5%) had normal T4 and normal T3; class 2
      (8%) had low T4 and elevated T3; class 3 (37%) had low T4 and normal T3; and
      class 4 (35.5%) had low T4 and low T3. TSH levels were increased in all classes.
      Of 10 patients who were followed without treatment and evaluated after three and
      six months, six showed increasing clinical and chemical evidence of
      hypothyroidism and were reclassified, two did not progress and two patients
      improved. Our study showed that serum T3 levels may be normal or even elevated in
      hypothyroidism and, therefore, are not a useful indicator. The data also
      suggested that serum T4 is the main determinant of the metabolic state of the
      patient, since class 3 patients, the largest single group, had normal serum T3
      levels despite striking clinical evidence of hypothyroidism. Thus, a normal serum
      T3 in the absence of a normal serum T4 is not generally sufficient for
      maintenance of a euthyroid state. Finally, our study showed that in primary
      thyroid failure there is better reciprocal correlation between the levels of
      serum TSH and T4 than between those of serum TSH and T3.

PMID- 681162
TI  - Low levels of serum calcium, phosphorus and plasma 25-hydroxy vitamin D in
      cirrhosis of the liver.
AB  - In a retrospective analysis of 78 patients with liver cirrhosis, we found low
      serum levels of calcium and phosphorus. The low calcium levels showed a better
      correlation with high activity of aspartate aminotransferase than with low levels
      of albumin. In addition, there was a relationship between low calcium and low
      phosphorus levels. Therefore, factors other than, and in addition to,
      hypoalbuminemia seem to be responsible for the low calcium and phosphorus levels
      in cirrhosis patients. Although low levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D were
      found in 23 of our patients, there was no indication that hypovitaminosis D was
      causative factor in the hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia.

PMID- 681163
TI  - 1alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol: a promising therapeutic approach for renal
      osteodystrophy.
AB  - The effectiveness of 1alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol [1alpha-OH)D3] in healing
      uremic bone disease was investigated in 10 uremic patients on maintenance
      dialysis. Seven patients received 1alpha-(OH)D3, 2 microgram/day, for six months,
      and three patients served as a control group. Bone density was determined from X
      rays of the second phalanx of the second digit. The apparent intestinal calcium
      absorption improved on treatment with 1alpha-(OH)D3, serum calcium levels and
      bone density significantly increased, and a significant decrease in serum
      alkaline phosphatase activity was observed. In one patient, reversal of uremic
      myopathy occurred after 17 days of 1alpha-(OH)D3 therapy.

PMID- 681164
TI  - Effect of an egg-rich diet on plasma lipids and proteins in severely burned
      patients.
AB  - Eight severely burned young patients were maintained on an oral hyperalimentation
      regimen of about 7,000 calories--including 314 proteins, 600 g carbohydrates and
      336 g fats, containing greater than 8 g cholesterol--based mainly on a daily
      ingestion of 35 eggs. Serum cholesterol and protein, and plasma lipoprotein
      levels were measured during period of 30 days on the diet. The mean serum
      cholesterol level prior to the egg-rich diet was low [108 +/- 42 (SD) mg/dl] and
      it remained within the normal range during the study. The initial mean serum
      total protein level of 4.1 +/- 0.5 (SD) rose to 6.5 +/- 0.7 g/dl by the 19th day
      and stayed high throughout the remainder of the study. Plasma lipoprotein levels,
      assessed by nephelometry and reported as concentrations of large, medium and
      small particles, were not increased. It is assumed that the high demand for
      energy during recovery from burns prevented abnormal rises in plasma lipid levels
      on fat-rich diet.

PMID- 681165
TI  - Absence of formation of cerebrospinal fluid in the spinal subarachnoid space of
      the cat.
AB  - It is widely believed that formation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) takes place
      within the cerebral ventricles--80 to 85% being produced by the choroid plexus
      and the remaining 15 to 20% being secreted by the lining ependyma. It has also
      been suggested that CSF is formed within the subarachnoid space. To investigate
      this possibility. CSF formation was measured in the isolated subarachnoid space
      of the cat. In 16 animals that underwent 26 steady-state perfusions, the rate of
      formation of CSF was found to be only 0.00005 +/- 0.00056 (SE) ml/min. It is
      therefore concluded that little or no CSF is formed in the spinal subarachnoid
      space of the cat.

PMID- 681166
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy studies on the origin and structure of matrix
      vesicles in epiphyseal cartilage from young rats.
AB  - Epiphyseal plates of young rats were examined by scanning electron microscopy to
      study the distribution, morphology and origin or the matrix vesicles (calcifying
      globules) and the results were compared with the findings on transmission
      electron microscopy. The matrix vesicles, 0.1 micrometer in diameter, were found
      to cover the intercolumnar septa and to increase gradually in number from the
      zone of proliferation to the zone of provisional calcification. In the
      intercolumnar septa of hypertrophic and calcifying cartilage, the vesicles
      aggregated to form calcospherites, i.e. mineralized globules about 1 micrometer
      in diameter. Chondrocytes showed numerous cell processes that were longer and
      more abundant in the more mature cells. In the zone of maturation many processes
      had enlarged tips with small globular projections ("bulges"), about 0.1
      micrometer in diameter, which resembled the matrix vesicles covering chondrocytic
      lacunae. In the zones of hypertrophy and provisional calcification, many of these
      bulges aggregated to form larger, spherical structures. It is suggested that
      matrix vesicles in cartilage originate by budding from cell processess, and that
      in the zone of provisional calcification they aggregate to form the
      calcospherites, which are the loci of initial calcification of cartilage.

PMID- 681167
TI  - Significance of hyperprolactinemia in 70 women with amenorrhea.
AB  - The clinical, radiological and hormonal findings in 70 amenorrheic patients are
      described. Hyperprolactinemia was found in 18 patients (25.7%) who were divided
      into three groups: nine patients with functional secondary amenorrhea, six
      patients with radiological evidence of pituitary tumor, and three patients with
      primary amenorrhea. One of the latter group had primary hypothyroidism. Plasma
      gonadotropin concentrations were normal or low in most patients, with the
      exception of five women with ovarian failure in whom the levels were
      significantly raised. Galactorrhea was diagnosed in 23 patients (32.8%), and in
      16 of them plasma prolactin levels were elevated. Recent experience has shown
      that reduction of prolactin levels to normal by removal of prolactin-secreting
      tumors or by treatment with bromocriptine results in the restoration of normal
      menstrual cycles and fertility. The hormonal and radiological identification and
      characterization of hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea are therefore of prime
      importance.

PMID- 681168
TI  - Vaginal adenosis in a 48-year-old woman.
AB  - Vaginal adenosis was diagnosed in a 48-year-old woman who had been on estradiol
      therapy in the past. The possible role of hormonal factors in the development of
      vaginal adenosis in older women is discussed.

PMID- 681169
TI  - Total hip replacement in a patient on hemodialysis.
AB  - A 52-year-old woman, on intermittent hemodialysis because of chronic renal
      failure, underwent total hip replacement for severe osteoarthritic changes. The
      operation was performed under epidural anesthesia, the postoperative course was
      uneventful, and the patient was completely relieved of pain and limitation of
      movement. Although total hip replacement is a major surgical procedure, it is
      suggested that the operation can, when considered necessary, by successfully
      carried out in a patient on hemodialysis, provided that careful attention is paid
      to the pre- and postoperative care.

PMID- 681170
TI  - Achalasia of the cardia in childhood, with atypical manifestations.

PMID- 681171
TI  - Nonfatal cardiac contusion caused by sternal puncture.

PMID- 681172
TI  - Decrease in serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity during oral glucose
      tolerance test.

PMID- 681173
TI  - [Generalized acute pustulosis. An unusual presentation of leukocytoclastic
      vasculitis].
AB  - After an acute course of pharyngitis and bronchitis treated with Bactrim
      (trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazol), a 52 year old woman suddenly developed a
      widespread, sterile pustular eruption with predilection of the distal parts of
      the extremities. The histological and electron microscopical examinations showed
      intraepidermal pustules with underlying distinct leukocytoclastic vasculitis.
      Direct immunofluorescence revealed the prescence of intra- and perivascular
      deposits of C3 in the upper part of the dermis. Drug- and/or infection allergy is
      suggested to be responsible for the etiopathogenetic mechanism of
      leukocytoclastic vasculitis.

PMID- 681174
TI  - [Porphyria cutanea tarda--a multifactorial hereditary disease? A working
      hypothesis].
AB  - The influence of genetic and hepatotoxic factors in the development of porphyria
      cutanea tarda was studied in 51 patients with this disease. According to their
      data and findings in literature, the following hypothesis was made: porphyria
      cutanea tarda is assumed to be a disease following the rules of the polygenetical
      heredity. The appearance of the disease seems to be influenced by genetic rules,
      and hepatotoxic factors are playing a role in the manifestation of the disease.

PMID- 681175
TI  - [The value of C3-complement and ceruloplasmin determinations for the diagnosis of
      infections of the seminiferous tract].
AB  - 25 percent of 776 andrologic patients showed C3c-complement and coeruloplasmin-
      determined by radial immundiffusion--in their ejaculate. No correlation could be
      found between these globulines and possible bacterial infections of the genital
      tract.

PMID- 681176
TI  - [Neurotrophic heel ulcers due to spondylolisthesis].
AB  - A case of neurotrophic ulcers on both heels is reported, which is due to
      congenital spondylolisthesis. Spondylolisthesis as the etiology of the
      neurotrophic ulcer has not yet been described.

PMID- 681177
TI  - [Subungual melanoma with linear nail pigmentation].
AB  - A 53 year old male patient presented with a dark-brown linear pigmentation of the
      thumb nail due to a subungual melanoma mainly of the superficial spreading
      melanoma-type. Melanin-induced nail pigmentations are recommended to be treated
      by a resection in local anaemia of the dorsal two thirds of the terminal phalanx.
      This procedure combines sufficient radical surgery with a good functional and
      acceptable cosmetic result.

PMID- 681178
TI  - [Cinnarizin--an up to now unrecognized inducer of a lupus erythematosus-like
      syndrome].

PMID- 681179
TI  - [The Kung-Sun-Oh memorial lecture and impressions on dermatology during a trip to
      South Korea].

PMID- 681180
TI  - Quality assurance practice in rural and urban hospital clinical laboratories.
AB  - This survey examined quality assurance practice in matched pairs of rural and
      urban hospital clinical laboratories. Questions directed at personnel
      qualifications, laboratory management, internal quality control mechanisms, and
      proficiency testing enrollment revealed no major differences between the rural
      urban pairs. Deficiencies observed were either generic or size-related. Most
      laboratories were directed by physicians; however, almost half spent 5 or less
      hours per week in the laboratory. All respondents employed at least one
      individual professionally certified at the "technologist" level. Virtually all
      respondents insisted they employ a laboratory management system for ensuring
      quality performance, although 20% did not document their practice. Internal
      quality control practice varied widely. Many respondents recognized shortcomings
      related to volume and budget, and requested specific training courses for
      technical personnel. At least 20% of the laboratories were not enrolled in any
      recognized proficiency testing program, an integral part of the total quality
      assurance process.

PMID- 681181
TI  - An improved polystyrene polymeric XAD-2 resin column extraction of 5beta
      cholestan-3beta-ol from polluted water.
AB  - Appropriate methods and criteria for judging the degree of sewage contamination
      of water and its suitability for drinking or recreational uses are essential to
      safeguard the public health. 5beta-cholestan-3beta-ol seems to satisfy many, if
      not all, of the criteria required of a good indicator of fecal pollution. It was
      shown that this fecal sterol was strongly adsorbed to the polystyrene polymeric
      XAD-2 adsorbents at low pH, resulting in a 100% retention. The adsorbed sterols
      could be easily removed from the columns with acetone adjusted to pH 8.5-9 with
      concentrated NH4OH. It has also been demonstrated that large volumes of both
      fresh and sea water samples can be extracted by the "closed" column method in a
      relatively short time. The sensitivity of the column exceeded that of the
      conventional liquid-liquid partitioning procedure. With some modifications, the
      column extraction process can be incorporated in a fully- or semi-automated
      analytical procedure.

PMID- 681182
TI  - The comparison of viral antibody titers of acid-precipitated and non-precipitated
      mouse ascitic fluids.
AB  - Mouse immune ascitic fluid has become a primary source of antibody for
      diagnostic, reference, and research work in many virus laboratories. The inherent
      disadvantage of ascitic fluid is that it repeatedly forms clots and subsequently
      loses volume. The acid-precipitation method of Chiewsilp and McCown eliminates
      the clot formation and does not appreciably alter the antibody titers for several
      arboviruses, varicella, rabies and influenza viruses.

PMID- 681183
TI  - [Operative therapy for chronic otitis media and middle ear cholesteatoma with
      preservation of the posterior auditory canal wall ("intact wall technique")
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The late results of two different procedures for middle ear surgery are compared
      2-10 years following surgery. A total of 478 ears were operated, of which 367 had
      cholesteatomas and 111 chronic granulating otitis without cholesteatoma. a) In
      conservative radical operations, tympanoplasties, meatoplasties with fascia and
      obliteration with muscle (298 ears) gave satisfactory and stable results: 8%
      required re-operation, 2.8% had residual cholesteatoma, 0.9% had recurrent
      cholesteatoma, 15% had perforations, and 90% had dry operative cavities. b) In
      modified "Intact Wall Technique" with small cortical mastoidectomies and
      epitympanic control openings, 7% had residual cholesteatomas, 2% recurrent
      cholesteatomas, and 11% required re-operation. The following conclusions were
      made: The "Intact Wall Technique" is a safe method for the surgical management of
      granulating otitis media. However, the procedure is not considered to be safe
      when disease involves cholesteatoma because of the significant frequency of
      recurrent disease or the development of retractions which can then form
      cholesteatoma. Under such circumstances, combination of the "Intact Wall
      Technique" with obliteration may give more stable results.

PMID- 681184
TI  - [Problems in diagnosis and therapy of head-injuries and space-occupying
      intracranial lesions (author's transl)].

PMID- 681185
TI  - [The clinical presentation and management of otogenic intracranial disease
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Since the introduction of antibiotics in the treatment of ear infection the
      number of otogenic intracranial complications has decreased. Furthermore the
      clinical presentation of these complications has likewise since changed. The
      traditional symptoms and signs as mentioned in the literature are replaced by an
      indefinite inflammatory course, which is finally succeeded by rapid progress of
      the disease despite the use of antibiotics. Experiences with 22 patients are
      reported. Temporal lobe brain abscesses occurred in 11 patients, meningitis
      occurred in 3 others and lateral sinus thrombophlebitis occurred in 8, in 2 of
      whom meningitis also occurred. Five patients died as a result of the intracranial
      complication. After establishing the diagnosis the recommended treatment is the
      immediate surgical clearance of the primary aural abscess, together with if
      possible drainage of the intracranial abscess or evacuation of the lateral sinus
      disease under appropriate antibiotic cover. Whether the patient with intracranial
      disease is subsequently handled in the ORL or Neurosurgical wards depends upon
      ward facilities and interdepartmental liaison and cooperation.

PMID- 681186
TI  - [The conservative treatment of inner ear diseases. A survey of the actual
      possibilities (author's transl)].

PMID- 681187
TI  - [Reflections on the technique of inserting the esophagoscope (author's transl)].
AB  - Due to the muscular attachments of the hyoid bone to the posterior part of the
      base of the skull, and the larynx to the sternum, the larynx will be pressed
      posteriorly against the vertebral column if the head is kept in a reclined
      position. This causes a greater resistance when trying to open the hypopharynx
      with the esophagoscope. If, however, the head is held forward, this resistance
      will be considerably reduced.

PMID- 681188
TI  - [Laryngeal and pharyngeal endoscopy and the disinfection of the endoscope in
      routine practice (author's transl)].
AB  - The usefulness in routine ENT practice of a laryngo-epipharyngoscope with a
      Hopkins lateral telescope is reported. The chemical disinfection of this
      endoscope is bacteriologically proven to be effective, and is discussed.

PMID- 681189
TI  - [Osteoradionecrosis resulting from cobalt-60 therapy for head and neck tumors
      (author's transl)].
AB  - From 1966--1974, 628 patients were irradiated with Cobalt-60 as treatment for
      tumors of the head and neck. Tumor doses ranged from 6200 R to 8000 R. An
      osteoradionecrosis was discovered in 17 patients, and was mostly localized in the
      mandible. Most of the patients developed the necrosis during the first two years
      following completion of their radiation, although necrosis was also found up to 9
      years following therapy. Prophylactic treatment of teeth should be completed
      before beginning radiation therapy, but such does not exclude the risk of
      necrosis.

PMID- 681190
TI  - [The longterm results of osteoplastic frontal sinus surgery for recurrent disease
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The osteoplastic frontal sinus operation permits the complete removal of sinus
      mucosa and, with blockage of the frontonasal duct, the reliable obliteration of
      the sinus cavity. Two patients, who had had several surgical procedures for
      recurrent frontal sinusitis, became symptom free after this procedure. After an
      interval of 5 to 6 years the cosmetic result remained satisfactory and ossified
      obliteration of the sinus was demonstrable radiologically.

PMID- 681191
TI  - [Post-laryngectomy vocal rehabilitation with a tracheophypopharyngeal shunt
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Oesophageal speech is the accepted method of post-laryngectomy speech
      rehabilitation, but still has a high failure rate. Among the different surgical
      procedures that create a tracheo-oesophageal fistula the method of Komorn based
      on a concept of Conley appears to have the greatest theoretical advantages. In
      this procedure a fistula is created with its inferior opening into the oesophagus
      and its superior opening into the trachea. Komorn's technique has been utilized
      in a modified form in 12 patients and in 6, because of wound problems, useful
      speech was not achieved. Five patients have achieved excellent speech without
      difficulty.

PMID- 681192
TI  - [Headache and vertigo in upper cervical syndrome (proceedings)].

PMID- 681193
TI  - Pure tone delayed auditory feedback: effect of instructions.
AB  - This study compared the effect of instructions to the subject upon key tapping
      performance with pure-tone delayed auditory feedback. One set of instructions
      stressed the importance of maintaining tapping rate whereas a second set
      emphasized consistency of the pattern. A third set stressed rate and pattern
      equality. The results lead to the recommendation that instructions stress equally
      both rate and pattern consistency.

PMID- 681194
TI  - Elicitation of the acoustic reflex with synthetically produced consonant and
      vowel stimuli.
AB  - Acoustic reflexes were elicited from seven normal hearing subjects with
      synthesized isolated consonant and vowel speech stimuli. Stimulus intensity and
      duration were controlled so that equivalent amplitudes and durations from 100 to
      300 msec were produced. The recorded stimulus items were presented over an
      earphone to the subject's right ear, while susceptance changes caused by
      bilateral acoustic reflex activity were monitored in the subject's left ear.
      Analysis of variance revealed no significant difference between reflex threshold
      values for isolated synthetic consonant and vowel stimuli. Main effects of
      stimulus duration and subjects and the two-way interaction of phoneme type by
      subject were found to be significant.

PMID- 681195
TI  - Negative needle deflection of the acoustic reflex in otosclerotics.
AB  - The preoperative audiometric and electroacoustic impedance test results of 24
      surgically confirmed otosclerotics are reviewed with special attention given to
      the direction of needle deflection during acoustic reflex testing. Information on
      the direction of needle deflection during acoustic reflex testing was gathered at
      5 or 10 dB above reflex threshold. In 12 of the 24 patients acoustic reflexes
      were present, and in each case the response included negative needle deflections.
      The presence or absence of the acoustic reflex seemed to be related to the
      reported duration of the hearing loss.

PMID- 681196
TI  - Masking of spondees by interrupted noise in hearing-impaired listeners.
AB  - The effects of changing the duty cycle of an interrupted-broad band masker on the
      spondee thresholds of hearing-impaired subjects were explored. Two diagnostic
      groups of sensorineural hearing loss, presbycusics and cochlear otosclerotics,
      were investigated. The interruption rate of the masker was 10/sec, and its duty
      cycle was varied at 25% intervals. Thresholds also were obtained in continuous
      noise and in quiet. Results when compared with earlier data from normal listeners
      revealed that subjects with sensorineural impairment exhibited poorer performance
      in all instances, including the continuous noise condition, when mean masker
      levels were adjusted to comparable sound pressure levels. The overall pattern of
      masking was more similar for the normal and hearing-impaired groups when
      performance was equated in terms of the mean threshold shift each group
      experienced in continuous noise. Even under these circumstances, however, hearing
      impaired subjects demostrated notably greater residual masking under the 25 and
      50% noise-on conditions. A major determinant of speech reception in fluctuating
      noise backgrounds is the dependence of the pattern of masking upon the difference
      between an individual's masked threshold in continuous noise and his threshold in
      quiet, rather than upon the sound pressure level of the masker.

PMID- 681197
TI  - Thresholds of aural overload, word discrimination in noise, and the "fragile
      ear".
AB  - This study examined the relationship between two previously proposed measures of
      the fragile ear, the aural overload test and word discrimination score in noise.
      Ten normal-hearing young adults served as subjects. Aural overload thresholds
      were determined for fundamental frequencies of 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz. Word
      intelligibility in noise was assessed with tests using an open response-set
      (Northwestern University Auditory Test No. 6) and closed response-set (Modified
      Rhyme Test) at a variety of primary-to-secondary ratios. Results revealed a lack
      of correlation between threshold of overload and word discrimination in noise at
      unfavorable primary:secondary ratios for both tests(-6 and 0 dB for the NU-6' s
      and -12 and -6 dB for the Modified Rhythm Test). Significant correlations (p less
      than 0.05) were achieved, however, with both word discrimination tests when
      administered at the more advantageous primary:secondary ratios.

PMID- 681198
TI  - Selective amplification--a review and evaluation.

PMID- 681200
TI  - Frequency dependence of regional lung washout.

PMID- 681199
TI  - Comparison of speech detection and spondee thresholds and half- versus full-list
      intelligibility scores with MLV and taped presentations of NU-6.
AB  - Several speech audiometric measurements were made on 212 ears with mild
      sensorineural hearing loss. An 8-dB difference between speech detection and
      spondee thresholds was observed, which is the same relationship that has been
      found in normal ears. No significant differences in speech discrimination scores
      (SDS's) were observed when NU-6 was administered via monitored live voice (MLV)
      and the Auditec recordings. Although our data support the use of MLV testing,
      verification with a standardized recording should be considered when unusually
      poor SDS's are obtained. Half-list and full-list SDS's were analyzed for both
      taped and MLV presentation modes. This analysis showed that both the MLV and
      taped stimuli exhibited very similar variability and that about 96% of the half
      list scores were within 6% of the full-list scores. The clinician should be
      cautious, however, because 4% of the ears had half-list/full-list discrepancies
      ranging from 8 to 14% and differences as large as 28% have been reported by
      Raffin and Thornton (1977). Furthermore, variability between half-list and full
      list SDS's varies as a function of intelligibility impairment, being least for
      scores approaching the extremes of 0 and 100% and greatest for scores in the 30
      to 70% range. Finally, our data suggest that half-list testing can be an
      effective screening procedure to determine it full-list testing is advisable.

PMID- 681201
TI  - Changes in ventilatory pattern induced by intravenous anesthetic agents in human
      subjects.
AB  - The tidal volume-inspiratory duration relationship was studied during air
      breathing and rebreathing in conscious and anesthetized human subjects using
      three different intravenous agents. The results observed have been compared with
      similar experiments carried out in cats. Its has been shown that anesthesia
      provokes an increase in breathing rate associated with a decrease in tidal volume
      in human subjects; an opposite effect on breathing rate was observed in cats.
      Thus, the tidal volume-inspiratory duration relationship, although very similar
      in the conscious cat or human subject, is very different under anesthesia. The
      results were quite consistent in a given species whatever the nature of the drug
      used. It is suggested that modifications of the breathing rate by anesthesia,
      related to animal species, are caused by central effects of the drug. These
      effects are probably mediated by different actions on inputs to the inspiratory
      "off-switch" mechanisms in the two species.

PMID- 681202
TI  - Effects of physical training and lean body mass of plasma amino acids in man.
AB  - Postabsorptive plasma amino acid and insulin concentrations were determined in
      subjects with hyperplastic obesity and in nonobese controls before and after a 6
      wk period of physical training. After the training period the plasma
      concentrations of insulin and leucine decreased and the concentration of alanine
      increased in the obese subjects. No changes were noticed in the controls. The
      obese subjects had elevated plasma levels of valine, isoleucine, leucine,
      tyrosine, and phenylalanine before as well as after physical training. The
      concentrations of these amino acids were correlated to the plasma insulin level
      and to lean body mass before but only to lean body mass after physical training.
      It is suggested that the lean body mass, whick is higher in hyperplastic obesity,
      contributes to the elevated concentrations of amino acids, and it is unlikely
      that the insulin decreases in the obese subjects after physical training is
      mediated through an effect of amino acids on insulin secretion.

PMID- 681203
TI  - Tracheobronchial secretions collected from intact dogs. II. Effects of
      cholinomimetic stimulation.
AB  - The effect of cholinomimetic stimulation on the quantity and composition of
      tracheobronchial secretions (TBS) collected from intact dogs was studied. After
      the administration of methacholine chloride, the collection rate of TBS increased
      over threefold within 10 min and returned to the control level by 50 min. Even
      though there was an increase in the total amount of protein collected, the
      protein concentration of the secretions decreased initially by 40%, returning to
      normal by 30 min. This was the result of an apparent dilution of the secretions
      by nonproteinaceous components. In addition, at 10 min, there was an increase in
      the protein associated with mucins. These responses were blocked by the
      preadministration of atropine. When TBS was separated into supernatant and pellet
      phases by centrifugation, we found that, following methacholine, there was a 35%
      increase in the ratio of albumin to IgG in the supernatant phase. These results
      suggest that the increased secretion due to methacholine may result, in part, by
      a selective filtration of fluid from the interstitial and/or vascular
      compartment(s) with proteins appearing in the secretory mixture based partially
      on their size.

PMID- 681204
TI  - Maturation of reflexes influencing inspiratory duration in human infants.

PMID- 681205
TI  - Reflex effects of lung inflation and inhalation of halothane, ether, and ammonia.
AB  - Anesthetized dogs were perfused at constant pressure from an external oxygenator
      after removing their hearts. Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and spontaneous
      breathing effors were monitored while the lungs were ventilated briefly at a low
      frequency with several tidal volumes and at a low volume with several
      frequencies. Inflation depressed respiratory activity and transiently lowered SVR
      to a minimum from which it spontaneously partially recovered. The transient and
      sustained SVR changes were directly related to peak inflating pressure,
      independent of the mode of ventilation. Pressurization of the sublaryngeal
      extrapulmonary airways and addition of ammonia to lung inspirate were without
      effect. Ventilation with 7% ether had no effect, but at 13% it occasionally
      increased respiratory activity. Ventilation with 7% halothane depressed SVR and
      stimulated respiration, whereas 13% caused vasodilation and apnea. The magnitudes
      of SVR responses to halothane and to inflation were uncorrelated. All effects of
      inflation and inhalants were eliminated by vagotomy. We condluded that the
      systemic vessels appear to respond to changes in respiratory minute volume; that
      this is brought about by intrapulmonary receptors, perhaps of more than one type;
      that two classical "irritants" have little effect in dogs; and that halothane has
      effects on breathing and SVR consistent with stimulation of J-receptors.

PMID- 681206
TI  - Effects of time and vasoconstrictor tone on O2 extraction during hypoxic hypoxia.
AB  - To test the role of peripheral vasoconstrictor tone in the efficient use of a
      limited O2 supply, three groups of anesthetized dogs were ventilated with 9.1% O2
      until circulation failed. Two groups were alpha-blocked with phenoxybenzamine and
      one of those was volume expanded with dextran to restore blood pressure. After O2
      utake was lowered in hypoxia, O2 uptake was linearly related to O2 delivery
      (cardiac output X arterial O2 content) with r = 0.94. The slope of that line was
      mathematically identical to the extraction ratio and it increased from 0.54 at 10
      min to 0.87 at the end of hypoxia (r = 0.99). In both alpha-block groups O2
      extraction remained constant with time, and O2 extraction in each alpha-block
      group was significantly less (P less than 0.01) than in the unblocked group. As
      further evidence of better O2 extraction, mixed venous partial O2 pressure was
      significantly less in the unblocked group, 6.2 +/- 3.4 Torr vs. 10.6 +/- 3.2 and
      9.9 +/- 2.4 Torr with alpha block (P less than 0.01). Results after alpha-block
      indicated that a vigorous vasoconstrictor tone during hypoxia conserved O2 by
      promoting greater extraction by the tissues.

PMID- 681207
TI  - Noninvasive measurement of pulmonary transvascular protein flux in sheep.

PMID- 681208
TI  - Relation between oxygen uptake and developed tension in dog skeletal muscle.
AB  - Isometric developed tension of in situ gastro-cnemius-plantaris and
      semitendinosus muscles of the dog was increased 30% with twitch contraction
      frequency over the range of 0.5--2.0 tw/sc. Developed tension was decreased 75%
      after 30--40 min of 11--14 tw/s contractions, fatigue. Recovery from fatigue was
      slow. Intravenously injected K+ after fatigue increased developed tension 50%.
      Infusions of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and ouabain did not change developed
      tension. When the oxygen uptake of gastrocnemius-plantaris muscle was measured
      during twitch contractions at 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 tw/s before and after fatigue and
      after injection of K+, the oxygen uptake was found to be directly related to the
      developed tension.

PMID- 681209
TI  - Effects of atropine on potentiation of exercise-induced bronchospasm by cold air.
AB  - The role of vagal efferent activity in the cold air potentiation of exercise
      induced asthma was assessed by exercising nine subjects who breathed air at
      ambient and subfreezing temperatures before and after cholinergic blockade. Lung
      volumes and maximal expiratory flow volume curves with air and with 80% helium
      20% oxygen were obtained before and 5--10 min after each challenge. Isovolume
      comparisons of maximal expiratory flow rates with the two gases were used to
      assess relative contributions of large and small airways to flow limitation.
      Exercise under ambient conditions resulted in the expected airway obstruction and
      cold air exaggerated the response. Atropine pretreatment had no effect on the
      cold air potentiation. After atropine with ambient air exercise, there was an
      increase in the relative contribution of large airways to flow limitation,
      whereas exercise with cold air resulted in an increase in the contribution of
      small airways. We concluded that the potentiating effects of cold air are local
      and suggest that the immediate stimulus is related to cooling of intrathoracic
      airways.

PMID- 681210
TI  - Blood lactate disappearance after supramaximal one-legged exercise.

PMID- 681211
TI  - Behavior of the human pulmonary circulation during head-up tilt.
AB  - Pulmonary blood volume (PBV), flow, and pressures were measured in 15
      cardiopulmonary normal subjects, while supine and at 60 degrees head-up passive
      tilt. PBV, cardiac index (CI), right ventricular diastolic volume (VDVR), and
      mean pulmonary arterial (Ppa), venous (Pv), and mean right atrial (Pra) pressures
      all decreased during the first 4 min of tilting, with little subsequent change
      thereafter, to 30 min. Relative changes of CI, PBV, and VDVR were of similar
      magnitude (25--30%; mean Ppa and Pv fell 3.2 and 2.3 Torr, respectively. From
      measurements of thoracic dimensions and changes in intravascular pressures, we
      calculate that 11% of the pulmonary vascular bed falls into zone I condition, 34%
      goes from zone III to zone II, and 55% remains in zone III condition during tilt.
      A highly significant correlation exists between PBV and CI (P less than 0.001),
      with no significant change in pulmonary mean transit time during tilt.
      Significant correlations also exist between PBV and Pra (P less than 0.001), Pv
      (P less than 0.01), and Ppa (P less than 0.05). We conclude that outflow pressure
      plays a significant role in determining PBV during head-up tilt, but the major
      determinant is venous return to the right heart.

PMID- 681212
TI  - Respiratory mechanics in the anesthetized rat.
AB  - Functional residual capacity (FRC) and pressure-volume (PV) curves of the lung,
      chest wall, and total respiratory system were studied in 15 anesthetized rats,
      weighing 307 +/- 10 (SE) g. Pleural pressure was estimated from the esophageal
      pressure measured with a water-filled catheter. The FRC determined by body
      plethysmograph was slightly and significantly larger than FRC determined from
      saline displacement of excised lungs. The difference may be accounted for by O2
      uptake by lung tissue, escape of CO2 through the pleura, and abdominal gas.
      Paralysis in the prone position did not affect FRC, and abdominal gas content
      contributed only slightly to the FRC measured by body plethysmograph. Values of
      various pulmonary parameters (mean +/- SE) were as follows: residual volume, 1.26
      +/- 0.13 ml; FRC, 2.51 +/- 0.20 ml; total lung capacity, 12.23 +/- 0.55 ml;
      compliance of the lung, 0.90 +/- 0.06 ml/cmH2O; chest wall compliance, 1.50 +/-
      0.11 ml/cmH2O; and respiratory system compliance, 0.57 +/- 0.03 ml/cmH2O. The
      lung PV curve did not show a consistent change after the chest was opened.

PMID- 681213
TI  - Elasticity of excised dog lung parenchyma.
AB  - An experimental procedure was developed to measure the stress-strain relationship
      on rectangular slabs (5.0 X 5.0 X 0.5 cm) of excised dog's lung. The slabs were
      subjected to biaxial loading and the resulting triaxial deformations were
      measured. Deformations were measured in the central portion of the specimen by
      video dimension analysers in order to minimize boundary effects. Specimen
      thickness was measured with a magnetic reluctance proximeter system. The data
      were sampled and stored on-line by a PDP-8E computer. An electromechanical servo
      system was used to control the lateral force. Tests were performed at several pH
      values and at 20 and 37 degrees C. The tissue exhibited a highly nonlinear stress
      strain relationship, compliant at low stress levels and stiff when the stress was
      high. Hysteresis was observed to be about 28% and was unaffected by a 250-fold
      change in strain rate. Biaxial loading revealed a new characteristic: there is a
      change in elastic behavior when the tissue undergoes a compressive strain. When
      the tissue was in tension increasing the lateral load decreased the compliance,
      but the opposite was true when compressive strain was present.

PMID- 681215
TI  - Pulmonary capillary and permeability during hemorrhagic shock.
AB  - In previous experiments from this laboratory horseradish peroxidase was used to
      study the structural and functional characteristics of the normal canine
      pulmonary capillary membrane. The present study used the same technique to try to
      determine if any change occurred in the pulmonary capillary as a result of
      hemorrhagic shock. We found that hemorrhagic shock caused a fall (5 expt) or no
      change (2 expt) in estimated pulmonary transcapillary pressure based on
      Starling's equation. However, lymphatic flow from the lungs increased. Estimated
      of filtration coefficients showed a highly significant increase (P less than
      0.01) during the hypotensive period. Pulmonary lymphatic protein concentrations
      were not altered, indicating that water and protein continued to traverse the
      membrane in the same proportions as under normotensive conditions. These data are
      consistent with recent observations of minimal changes in the intercellular
      junctions of the capillary endothelium following hemorrhagic shock made
      independently on lung tissue from these experiments.

PMID- 681214
TI  - Influence of posture on isometric fatigue.
AB  - The isometric strength of four trained subjects was unaltered by changes in
      posture. But the endurance of an isometric contraction held to fatigue at 25 and
      40% of the maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) was 20% greater in the sitting
      than in the recumbent posture. This difference was abolished when the exercise
      was performed with the arm's circulation arrested. At rest, the blood flow
      through the forearm was greater when the subjects were in the recumbent than in
      the sitting position but the reverse was true during isometric contractions. In
      these two postures, there was no difference in the right atrial pressure during
      the contraction, suggesting that the low-pressure baroreceptors are not
      responsible for the differences in blood flow during exercise. To date no
      mechanism is available to explain these observations.

PMID- 681216
TI  - Cerebral energy state during or after hypoxia and complete or incomplete
      ischemia.

PMID- 681217
TI  - An animal model for the study of regional lung function.
AB  - An animal model for the study of regional lung function is described. In sheep,
      the bronchus to the right apical lobe (RAL) of the lung arises directly from the
      trachea. A tracheal divider, inserted under local anesthesia via a permanent
      tracheostomy, was used to separate the ventilation of the RAL from that of the
      rest of the lung. Lobar blood flow was estimated from the RAL contribution to the
      pulmonary clearance of an intravenous bolus of 85Kr. Gas exchange was measured by
      conventional methods. Expressed as a percentage of the value obtained for the
      whole lung, lobar expired volume was 14.7 +/- 4.3%, capillary perfusion was 12.3
      +/- 4.2%, oxygen uptake was 14.7 +/- 4.9%, and carbon dioxide production was 13.4
      +/- 5.5% (mean +/- SD of 25 studies in 11 animals breathing air). The model
      permits the study of experimental conditions confined to a single lobe of the
      lung and offers the advantages of an intact chest wall, spontaneous ventilation
      and an unanesthetized animal.

PMID- 681218
TI  - Electron microscopy of lung rapidly frozen under controlled physiological
      conditions.
AB  - Light microscopy of lung rapidly frozen under controlled physiological conditions
      has been very successful in correlating pulmonary structure and function.
      However, to study some aspects of pulmonary capillary morphology, the higher
      resolution of electron microscopy (EM) is necessary. To date, most EM of lung has
      involed the instillation of a fixative through the airways or vascular system,
      techniques that probably alter the normal pressure relationships of the
      capillaries and therefore their morphology. We describe here a technique for
      rapidly freezing lung to a depth of 1--2 mm below the pleural surface and
      preparing sections for EM. Lungs from open-chest rats were frozen at various
      transpulmonary pressures with cold (--80 degrees C) 70% ethylene glycol. Small
      pieces were then fixed with a solution containing glutaraldehyde and
      paraformaldehyde for 24 h at --50 degrees C. Staining was with osmium tetroxide
      and uranyl acetate. Lung frozen at high volumes showed marked stretching of the
      alveolar septa with severe deformation of the capillaries. Lung frozen at low
      inflation pressures revealed open capillaries containing numerous red blood
      cells; in addition, infolding of the alveolar wall was frequently seen. We
      conclude that this technique gives a level of preservation of rapidly frozen lung
      suitable for electron microscopy.

PMID- 681219
TI  - Microscopic tissue alterations following cryosurgery of canine skin.
AB  - Cryosurgery of cutaneous tissue of 6 dogs was followed by serial biopsies
      throughout the necrotizing and healing periods. The duration of cold application
      was controlled by thermocouple monitoring in 3 dogs and by a standard time in 3
      dogs. Tissue changes following cryosurgery were consistent in all 6 dogs and were
      composed of edema, erythema, necrosis, sloughing, granulation, and
      epithelialization.

PMID- 681220
TI  - Defects due to urethral obstruction.

PMID- 681221
TI  - Focal cystic hypertrophic gastropathy in a dog.
AB  - A 6-year-old female dog had a 3-day history of postprandial vomiting of
      undigested food. Plain and contrast radiography revealed a large mass on the
      greater curvature of the stomach. On exploratory gastrotomy, the mass was found
      to consist of hypertrophic rugae resembling cerebral gyri and sulci. The
      histopathologic findings were similar to those for hypertrophic gastropathy in
      man and the dog.

PMID- 681222
TI  - Canine coccidiosis attributed to an Isospora ohioensis-like organism: a case
      report.
AB  - Coccidiosis due to an Isospora ohioensis-like organism was diagnosed in a 10-week
      old pup. The pup had diarrhea, dehydration, and weight loss before it died 7 days
      after onset of clinical signs. Lesions were limited to the intestinal tract.
      Beginning in the distal end of the small intestine and extending through cecum
      and colon were mild histiocytic proliferation in the lamina propria and
      multifocal cryptitis. Numerous meronts and gamonts of an unidentified coccidium
      were in or near the lesions. Parasites were in the villous epithelium, lamina
      propria, and intestinal glands of the distal one-half of the small intestine,
      cecum, and colon. It was concluded that infection was due to an unidentified
      coccidium with oocysts structurally similar to those of I ohioensis.

PMID- 681223
TI  - Pathogenicity of Isospora ohioensis infection in dogs.

PMID- 681224
TI  - Small intestinal obstruction due to persistent vitelloumbilical band in a cow.

PMID- 681225
TI  - Beta-hemolytic streptococcal isolates from the canine vagina.

PMID- 681226
TI  - Variation in location of gastrocnemius sesamoid bone (Fabellae) in a dog.

PMID- 681227
TI  - Type C botulism in a dog.

PMID- 681228
TI  - Cavitating pulmonary metastases in a dog.

PMID- 681229
TI  - Nonfatal pseudorabies in cattle.

PMID- 681230
TI  - Cauda equina compression from lumbosacral malarticulation and malformation in the
      dog.
AB  - Compression of the cauda equina from subluxation, stenosis, or spondylosis of the
      lumbosacral articulation was found in 20 dogs, 13 of which were German Shepherd
      Dogs or crossbred German Shepherd Dogs. Pain, posterior paresis, and urinary or
      fecal incontinence were the most frequent problems associated with the
      compression. Dorsal laminectomy was performed on 13 cases, with good to excellent
      results on 10 of these.

PMID- 681231
TI  - Streptoalloteichus, a new genus of the family Actinoplanaceae.
AB  - A new genus Streptoalloteichus is proposed in the family Actinoplanaceae to
      distinguish species of actinomycetes which form short or long spore-chains on
      aerial mycelium, bears oval sporangia with motile spores and has a characteristic
      cell-wall composition of strain C677-91 type. Strain C677-91 (ATCC 31217, FERM-P
      No. 4070) was named Streptoalloteichus hindustanus gen. nov. and sp. nov. The
      actinomycete strain C677-91 produces spore-chain clusters and sclerotia in the
      aerial mycelium which are morphologically similar to those found in some species
      of Streptomyces. The cultural characteristics of the strain on agar media also
      resemble those of Streptomyces species and the colonies have no distinct color.
      Strain C677-91 produces sporangia or sporangia-like vesicles which contain one to
      several spores in the vegetative mycelium. The sporangiospores possess a single
      long polar flagellum and are motile. The cell wall of strain C677-91 contains
      meso-alpha,epsilon-diaminopimelic acid, alanine, glutamic acid, galactose,
      mannose, rhamnose and glucosamine. Strain C677-91 has several important
      characteristics in common with Streptomyces tenebrarius including the production
      of nebramycin factors but the latter strain does not produce sporangia.

PMID- 681232
TI  - Taxonomic study and fermentation of producing organism and antimicrobial activity
      of mildiomycin.
AB  - A taxonomic study of strain B-98891, which produced an antibiotic effective
      against powdery mildew of barley, identified it as Streptoverticillium
      rimofaciens. On agar media the antibiotic, which was named mildiomycin, was only
      weakly active against most fungi and bacteria tested. However, it inhibited some
      Mycobacterium and Rhodotorula, and it showed excellent control of powdery mildew
      of barley plants in greenhouse tests at concentrations between 31.2 and 62.5 ppm.
      Rhodotorula rubra IFO 0907 was selected as the test organism for in vitro assay
      of mildiomycin.

PMID- 681233
TI  - Isolation and characterization of mildiomycin, a new nucleoside antibiotic.
AB  - A new antibiotic mildiomycin, strongly active against powdery mildew, was
      isolated from the culture filtrate of Streptoverticillium rimofaciens B-98891. It
      is a water-soluble basic antibiotic and was purified by ion-exchange and
      adsorption chromatography. The molecular formula of the purified compound was
      determined to be C19H30N8O9(H2O) from physical and chemical data. The UV and NMR
      spectra suggested that this antibiotic is a nucleoside. On acidic hydrolysis it
      gave 5-hydroxymethyl cytosine which has not previously been found in nucleoside
      antibiotics.

PMID- 681234
TI  - Aurantinin, a new antibiotic of bacterial origin.
AB  - A new polyene class antibiotic, aurantinin (KM-214), was isolated from the
      fermentation broth of Bacillus aurantinus MASUMA and OMURA sp. nov. The substance
      is a conjugated triene with a molecular weight of 618 and molecular formula
      C35H54O9, and melts at 139 approximately 140 degrees C. The antibiotic is active
      in vitro against Gram-positive bacteria, but not against yeast and fungi.

PMID- 681235
TI  - Funiculosin, a new antibiotic. II. Structure elucidation and antifungal activity.
AB  - Structure elucidation and some biological properties of an antiviral and
      antifungal antibiotic, funiculosin, are summarized. Funiculosin is a derivative
      of N-methyl-4-hydroxy-3, 5-disubstituted-2-pyridone containing a novel
      substituent, cyclopentanetetrol moiety, that is reported here for the first time
      in a natural product. The antibiotic protects guinea pigs efficiently against
      experimental trichophytosis. Toxicity of funiculosin is unique and highly
      selective for animal species.

PMID- 681236
TI  - Diastereomeric 7-ureidoacetyl cephalosporins. I. Superiority of 7alpha-H-L
      isomers over D-isomers.
AB  - The synthesis and in vitro structure-activity relationship of 7-ureidoacetyl
      cephalosporins carrying various substituents in the 3-position, compounds that
      showed an enhanced broad spectrum of antibacterial activity, has been outlined.
      Contrary to most of the previous observations with diastereomeric isomers of
      cephalosporins, it has been found that the L-side chain isomers also are very
      potent antibiotics and are even more active inhibitors of certain beta-lactamase
      producing Gram-negative bacteria than the corresponding D-side chain isomers. SQ
      69,613, 7beta-[[L-[(aminocarbonyl)amino]-2-furanylacetyl]amino]-3-[[(1-methyl-1H
      tetrazol-5-yl) thio]methyl]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2
      carboxylic acid, sodium salt, the most active compound tested, except for
      activity against staphylococci, was as active in vitro as cefamandole.

PMID- 681237
TI  - Diastereomeric 7-ureidoacetyl cephalosporins. II. 7beta [[[(Aminocarbonyl) amino]
      2-thienylacetyl] amino]-7-methoxy-3-[[(1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl) thio] methyl]-8
      oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo [4.2.0] oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid.
AB  - The synthesis and antibacterial activity in vitro of 7-methoxylated
      cephalosporins having a thienylureidoacetyl or a thienylglycyl C-7 side-chain are
      described. Acylation of 7 beta-amino-7-methoxycephems with a novel 2
      aminooxazolone hydrochloride under neutral conditions gave the
      thienylureidoacetyl derivatives in good yield with retention of configuration. 7
      beta-[[D-[(Aminocarbonyl)amino]-2-thienylacetyl]amino]-7-methoxy-3-[[(1-methyl-1H
      tetrazol-5-yl)thio] methyl]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2
      carboxylic acid sodium salt (SQ 14,359) was found to have a broad-spectrum of
      antibacterial activity in vitro, particularly against beta-lactamase-producing
      organisms.

PMID- 681238
TI  - Diastereomeric 7-ureidoacetyl cephalosporins. III. Contribution of D- and L
      isomers to the growth inhibiting activities of 7alpha-H and 7alpha-OCH3
      derivatives for gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
AB  - A series of 7beta-ureidoacetyl, 7alpha-H and 7alpha-OCH3 cephalosporin
      antibiotics have shown broad-spectrum antibacterial activity in vitro. In the
      7alpha-H but not in the 7alpha-OCH3 series, contrary to experience in the
      antibiotic field, the L-isomers were substantially more active than the D-isomers
      both in vitro and in vivo particularly, but not exclusively, against
      Enterobacteriaceae that produce potent chromosomal cephalosporinases. Enhanced
      resistance to and inhibition of beta-lactamase (s) appeared to be responsible for
      this effect. Studies in vitro specifically with 7beta-thienylureidoacetyl
      derivatives showed that D-isomers interacted with L-isomers in the 7alpha-OCH3
      series in a synergistic manner against "cephalosporinase-type" enzyme producers
      while isomers in the 7alpha-H series did not. Examples were presented in which
      this favorable event resulted in improved efficacy of the racemic mixture over
      the pure D- or L-isomer alone in appropriate experimental infections.

PMID- 681239
TI  - Semisynthetic cephalosporins with antifungal activity: laboratory studies on 2
      pyridinethiol 1-oxide cephalosporins.
AB  - Cephalosporins are chemotherapeutic agents whose spectrum and use are limited to
      antibacterial activity. Therefore, it was of interest to find several new
      semisynthetic cephalosporins which possess in vitro antifungal activity against
      Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Candida albicans and certain other yeasts. Five new
      cephalosporins containing the 2-pyridinethiol 1-oxide grouping were examined.
      Four with this heterocyclic moiety in the 3-position were found to have activity.
      One with the grouping in the 7-acyl-side chain was inactive. The degree of the
      antifungal activity was influenced by the substituent at the 7-position. The
      cephalosporin with a p-hydroxyphenylglycyl side chain was the most potent against
      the fungal strains studied. Despite this in vitro antifungal activity, none of
      the compounds protected mice against a systemic Candida albicans infection. All
      of these cephalosporins had broad spectrum in vitro and in vivo antibacterial
      activity.

PMID- 681240
TI  - Studies on the biosynthesis of clavulanic acid. I. Incorporation of 13C-labelled
      precursors.
AB  - The biosynthesis of clavulanic acid was investigated by feeding 13C-labelled
      precursors to Streptomyces clavuligerus fermentations. The resulting samples of
      clavulanic acid were isolated as the benzyl ester and were examined by 13C NMR
      spectroscopy for 13C-enrichment. The results showed that the carbon skeleton of
      1,3-13C2-glycerol was incorporated intact into the three beta-lactam carbons of
      clavulanic acid. Studies with 1-13C-acetate, 2-13C-acetate and 1,2-13C2-acetate
      indicated that the remaining five carbons of clavulanic acid were probably
      derived from alpha-ketoglutarate. 1-13C-Propionate and 3-13C-propionate were not
      metabolised via the same route as glycerol, but were probably converted to
      succinate, via methylmalonyl CoA, and hence via the tricarboxylic acid cycle to
      the clavulanic acid precursors.

PMID- 681241
TI  - Absorption, distribution and excretion of cefsulodin, an antipseudomonal
      cephalosporin, in mice, rats and dogs.
AB  - A single dose of 20 mg/kg of cefsulodin [3-(4-carbamoyl-1-pyridiniomethyl)-7 beta
      (D-alpha-sulfophenylacetamido)-ceph-3-em-4-carboxylate monosodium salt] was
      administered subcutaneously to mice, and intramuscularly to rats and dogs. The
      plasma and tissue levels reached the peak 15 approximately 30 minutes after
      administration. In mice and rats, no plasma levels were measurable 2 and 4 hours
      after administration. In dogs, the plasma levels were measurable 6 hours after
      administration. The level in the kidney of mice was slightly lower than the
      plasma level, while in rats and dogs, the level in the kidney was higher than the
      plasma level. The cefsulodin levels in the lung of rats and dogs were relatively
      high, and the level in mice was relatively low. The hepatic levels were very low
      in all test animal species. Cefsulodin was mainly excreted into the urine, and
      the excretion of cefsulodin into the bile was very slight.

PMID- 681242
TI  - Inhibition of mitochondrial functions by the antibiotics, bikaverin and
      duclauxine.
AB  - Four cytotoxic antibiotics, bikaverin, duclauxine, PSX-1 and vermiculine, were
      examined with respect to their interference with glycolysis and respiration and
      their possible ionophoric or cytolytic activity. Duclauxine was found to be an
      inhibitor of respiration and bikaverin an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation
      of tumor cells and of isolated rat liver mitochondria. Bikaverin was also found
      to be an efficient haemolytic agent. Vermiculine and PSX-1 showed no effect in
      the systems employed.

PMID- 681243
TI  - Chemical transformation of gentamicin C1a into 2'-N-methylgentamicin C1a, active
      against Providencia 164.

PMID- 681244
TI  - Identity of multhiomycin with nosiheptide.

PMID- 681245
TI  - Reinvestigation of structure of the polyenic antibiotic, oleficin.

PMID- 681246
TI  - Formation of 8-azaguanine from guanine by Streptomyces albus.

PMID- 681247
TI  - A novel degradation of rifamycin: isolation of the new ansa chain derivative from
      rifampicin.

PMID- 681248
TI  - New antibiotics, aplasmomycins B and C.

PMID- 681249
TI  - Amastatin, an inhibitor of aminopeptidase A, produced by actinomycetes.

PMID- 681250
TI  - Fossomatic method of somatic cell counting in milk: collaborative study.

PMID- 681251
TI  - High pressure liquid chromatography of zearalenone in cereals.
AB  - A high pressure liquid chromatographic method has been developed for determining
      zearalenone in cereals. The sample is extracted with phosphoric acid and
      chloroform. The extract is cleaned up by washing on a silica gel column with
      benzene-hexane or cyclohexane-ethylene dicholride-ethyl ether and eluting with
      chloroform, and further purified by extracting into alkaline solution, washing
      with water, adjusting pH, and back-extracting into chloroform. Zearalenone is
      determined by using a liquid chromatograph with 2 columns in series packed with
      Spherisorb 10 micron ODS and with an ultraviolet detector set at 236 nm. The
      detection limit of the method is 2 microgram/kg. Recovery is about 90% when
      benzene-hexane is used in the washing step and about 80% when cyclo-hexane
      ethylene dichloride-ethyl ether is used.

PMID- 681252
TI  - High pressure liquid chromatographic determination of aflatoxins in peanut
      products.
AB  - A precise and sensitive high pressure liquid chromatographic method is proposed
      for determining aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 in all types of peanut products.
      The method is based on acidified aqueous methanol extraction, partition of
      aflatoxins into dichloromethane, and purification of the extract on a 2 g silica
      gel column. Aflatoxins in the purified extract are completely resolved on a
      microparticulate (10 micron) porous silica gel column in approximately 10 min
      with a water-saturated chloroform-cyclohexane-acetonitrile solvent. The preferred
      detection system, B1, and B2 by ultraviolet absorbance at 360-365 nm and G1 and
      G2 by fluorescence, allows accurate and sensitive detection of all 4 aflatoxins
      at levels as low as 0.3-1.0 microgram/kg. Repetitive assay of 3 samples of
      naturally contaminated peanut butters containing total aflatoxins (B1 + B2 + G1 +
      G2) at levels of 5, 10, and 15  microgram/kg gave within-laboratory coefficients
      of variation of 11, 5, and 5% respectively.

PMID- 681253
TI  - Gas-liquid chromatographic determination of T-2 toxin and diacetoxyscirpenol in
      corn and mixed feeds.
AB  - A gas-liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the simultaneous
      determination of the T-2 toxin and diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) in corn and mixed
      feeds. The analytes are extracted with aqueous methanol. Ammonium sulfate is used
      to denature and precipitate proteinaceous compounds and to salt out low polar
      compounds. The analytes are selectively concentrated into chloroform, which is
      washed with aqueous potassium hydroxide to remove acidic compounds. Residual
      interferences are removed by silica gel column chromatography.
      Heptafluorobutrylimidazole (HFBI) is added to form esters of the analytes. The
      HFB-esters are separated on an SE-30 glass column and measured witha 63Ni
      electron capture detector, using methoxychlor as an internal standard. The method
      has been applied to corn, livestock feeds, and pet food. The limit of detection
      is 100 ng T-2 toxin and 25 ng DAS/G. Average recoveries of 105 and 97% and
      coefficients of variation of 17 and 10% were obtained for T-2 toxin and DAS,
      respectively.

PMID- 681254
TI  - Confirmatory test for aflatoxin M1 on a thin layer plate.
AB  - The identity of aflatoxin M1 can easily be confirmed directly on a thin layer
      plate by reacting aflatoxin M1 with trifluoroacetic acid (TFA). This confirmation
      reaction is carried out on the thin layer plate which has been developed in 2
      dimensions and used for the quantitation of aflatoxin M1 in the sample. TFA is
      superimposed on the separated M1 spot. The plate is kept in the dark 3 min,
      heated to 75 degrees C for 5 min, and developed with chloroform-methanol-acetic
      acid-water (92 + 8 + 2 + 0.8). The Rf value of the blue-fluorescent derivative is
      compared with that for the M1 standard. The method was used successfully on
      extracts of milk, cheese, and liver. M1 quantities on the plate as low as 0.5  ng
      can be confirmed by this method. The method is also suitable for simultaneous
      confirmation of aflatoxin B1.

PMID- 681255
TI  - Headspace sampling and gas-solid chromatographic determination and confirmation
      of greater than or equal to 1 ppb vinyl chloride residues in polyvinyl chloride
      food packaging.
AB  - The determination and confirmation of residual vinyl chloride (VC) in polyvinyl
      chloride (PVC) food packaging materials are described. PVC packaging materials
      are dissolved in dimethylacetamide (DMAC). VC is sparged from solution with
      helium gas and collected in sealed vials of ethanol. VC is detected and
      quantitated by using a headspace sampling technique and standard gas-solid
      chromatography (GSC) with flame ionization detection. GSC peak heights of about
      5% full scale deflection are obtained for samples of PVC containing 1 ppb VC.
      Polymer samples taken from tubing, blood bags, food packaging films, bottles, and
      unprocessed resin were analyzed. Residual VC levels ranged from 0.3 to 913 ppb.
      VC was confirmed by GSC-mass spectrometry, using selected ion recording of m/z 62
      and 64 in conjunction with full mass scans to identify components eluting near
      VC.

PMID- 681256
TI  - Gas-liquid chromatography and flame photometric detection of phosphine in wheat.
AB  - A screening method using gas-liquid chromatography with  flame photometric
      detection has been developed for determining phosphine in wheat. Phosphine is
      measured as the sum of physically bound intact phosphine and that derived from
      residual aluminum phosphide. Wheat is extracted in a closed, partially evacuated
      glass system by refluxing with 10% sulfuric acid. Liberated gases are swept into
      a gas-collection flask fitted with rubber septa to permit gas sampling. Aliquots
      of collected gas are injected into a gas chromatograph. Phosphine is quantitated
      by peak area as determined by an electronic integrator. Recoveries varied with
      concentration: 67% was recovered at 0.10 ppm and 98% was recovered at 19 ppm. For
      concentrations less than 1.5 ppm, the coefficient of variation was 9.95%. Using
      flame photometric detection, phosphine concentrations as low as 0.04 ppm were
      easily determined in wheat.

PMID- 681257
TI  - IUPAC commission on terminal pesticide residues.

PMID- 681258
TI  - Gas-liqiid chromatographic determination of pydrin, a synthetic pyrethroid, in
      cabbage and lettuce.
AB  - Pydrin, alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyrate, a
      synthetic pyrethroid ester, is extracted from vegetables with acetonitrile,
      partitioned into petroleum ether before cleanup on a Florisil column, and
      analyzed by electron capture gas-liquid chromatography. Recoveries of 88-102% at
      0.01 ppm, 99-102% at 0.1 ppm, and 98-104% at 1.0 ppm were obtained from fortified
      cabbage and lettuce samples. The method appears applicable to detection of the
      residues of Pydrin in the foliage of many types of crops.

PMID- 681259
TI  - Bioavailability, in vitro solubility, and physical and chemical properties of
      elemental iron powders.

PMID- 681260
TI  - Oil flotation extraction of light filth from ground capsicums excluding paprika:
      collaborative study.
AB  - A collaborative study has been completed on an improved method for the isolation
      of light filth from ground capsicums other than paprika. The proposed method
      involves isopropanol pretreatment, wet-sieving, and extraction from cooled 60%
      ethanol with a mineral oil-heptane mixture. The collaborative tests by the
      proposed method showed an approximate 2-fold increase in recoveries of insect
      fragments and rodent hairs with acceptable coefficients of variation and clean
      filter papers. The proposed method has been adopted as official first action to
      replace 44.123.

PMID- 681261
TI  - Thin layer chromatographic method for the detection of uric acid: collaborative
      study.
AB  - A collaborative study has been completed on an improved method for the detection
      and confirmation of uric acid from bird and insect excreta. The proposed method
      involves the lithium carbonate solubilization of the suspect excreta material,
      followed by butanol-methanol-water-acetic acid thin layer chromatography, and
      trisodium phosphate-phosphotungstic acid color development. The collaborative
      tests resulted in 100% detection of uric acid standard at the 50 ng level and 75%
      detection at the 20-25 ng level. No false positives were reported during tests of
      compounds similar to uric acid. The proposed method has been adopted official
      first action; the present official final action method, 44.161, will be retained
      for screening purposes.

PMID- 681262
TI  - Mineral oil extraction of light filth from rubbed sage: collaborative study.
AB  - An improved method has been developed for extracting light filth in rubbed sage.
      The method is similar to 44.A04 and 44.A05, except the light filth is isolated by
      using 20% isopropanol with mineral oil. Collaborative results show that the
      proposed method yielded better recoveries than the present official first action
      method. The method has been adopted as official first action.

PMID- 681263
TI  - Fruits and fruit products. Non-parametric methods for detection of adulteration
      of concentrated orange juice for manufacturing.
AB  - The composition of organic constituents (total sugars, reactive phenols, total
      amino acids, arginine, and gamma-aminobutyric acid) has been measured in a large
      (360 samples) selection of concentrated orange juice for manufacturing and orange
      pulp wash in the U.S. trade. The detection of adulteration with sugar, reducing
      sugars, and citric acid addition has been investigated by using non-parametric
      nearest neighbor classification techniques in the 4-space of log ratios of the
      compositions. The results show that such detection is possible with a type 1=type
      2 error rate of 10% for 20% adulteration if at least 7 samples are taken. The
      assumptions of such samplings are discussed.

PMID- 681264
TI  - Improved microbiological assay for penicillin residues in milk and dairy
      products.
AB  - The microbiological assay for penicillin residues in milk was improved.
      Acidification of milk with phosphoric acid to pH 4.5, centrifugation to remove
      precipitated proteinaceous matter, adjustment of pH to 6.0, a second
      centrifugation, and the use of a 2% agar base layer resulted in the consistent
      measurement of 0.01 unit penicillin activity/ml milk. Sarcina lutea was used as
      the assay organism. Recoveries in milk averaged 94%, in nonfat dry milk 84%, in
      cottage cheese 97%, and in cream cheese 94%.

PMID- 681265
TI  - Gas-liquid chromatographic determination of selenium in biological materials,
      using 4-bromo- and 4-chloro 1,2-diaminobenzene as derivatizing reagents.
AB  - A method is described for the gas-liquid chromatographic determination of traces
      of selenium in marine biological materials. The method is based on the reaction
      of Se(IV) with bromo- and chloro-substituted 1,2-diaminobenzenes. The
      benzoselenadiazoles so formed are sensitive to electron capture detection. The
      sample is digested in a nitric-perchloric acid mixture and selenium is reduced to
      the IV oxidation state. Different aliquots of the digest solution are reacted
      with either 4-bromo- or 4-chloro-1,2-diaminobenzene to quantitatively form the
      corresponding 2,1,3-benzoselenadiazole. Recovery of added selenite to a fish meal
      sample was 95% for the bromo derivative and 101% for the chloro derivative.
      Different portions of a well mixed fish meal sample were analyzed in independent
      laboratories by the fluorometric method and by atomic absorption
      spectrophotometry (hydride generation). The following mean values (microgram/g)
      were found: present method 1.89, fluorometric method 1.91, atomic absorption
      method 2.1. The lower limit of detection for the method described was 13 ng,
      using the bromo derivative, and 27 ng, using the chloro derivative.

PMID- 681266
TI  - Leak in evaporated milk by anodic stripping voltammetry and atomic absorption
      spectrophotometry: cooperative interlaboratory study.
AB  - The results of a cooperative study on the determination of lead in evaporated
      milk, using a double blind referee technique, are reported. This study was
      designed to determine the normal variability of methods currently used for lead
      analysis by canned food industry laboratories. Twenty-three laboratories
      participated in this study. Each laboratory was instructed to use atomic
      absorption spectrophotometry (AOAC 25.065), anodic stripping voltammetry, or
      carbon rod atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Overall, the results appear to be
      in close agreement with the spiking levels. The coefficient of variation for all
      laboratories was 36.0% at the 0.15 ppm lead level and 16.8% at the 0.40 ppm lead
      level.

PMID- 681267
TI  - Spectrofluorometric determination of atropine-hyoscyamine in tablets and powders.
AB  - A method is presented for determining atropine-hyoscyamine alkaloids in tablets
      and powders by spectrofluorometry. The sample is first shaken with 0.1N H2SO4
      solution; then and aliquot containing about 0.1 mg alkaloid is transferred to a
      separatory funnel, made basic with NaOH solution, and extracted with CHCL3. The
      extract is added to a CEelite-092N H2SO column and the eluate is discarded. The
      alkaloids are then eluted from the column with ammoniacal CHCl3 and the eluate is
      evaporated to dryness. The residue is dissolved in CHCL3, EOSIN Y solution is
      added, and the solution is mixed. Aliqutos of a reference solution of atropine
      are similarly treated and a blank is prepared from CHCl3 and eosin Y solution,
      All solutions are scanned with a recording spectrofluorometer in the emission
      mode from 440 to 700 nm and the excitation set at 475 nm. The emission peaks near
      550 nm are used for quantitative estimation of the alkaloids. The method cannot
      generally be used in the presence of other organic bases but is applicable in the
      presence of barbiturates.

PMID- 681268
TI  - Differential pulse and AC polarography of reserpine, using an aprotic organic
      solvent system.
AB  - Previously demonstrated advantages of aprotic organic solvent for analysis of
      organic pharmaceuticals have been applied to the assay of reserpine tablets. A
      procedure using high sensitivity electroanalytical relaxation methods was
      developed which is simpler and more sensitive than the USP assay. Most data were
      obtained with a commercial differential pulse polarograph which is widely
      available. However, less extensive measurements with other instruments
      established the general applicability of the differential pulse method, as well
      as various acpolarographic techniques. The results of differential pulse
      polarographic (DPP) and USP assays of synthetically formulated reserpine tablets
      compare favorably. The DPP method yields an average recovery for 0.1 mg
      reserpine/tablet of 100%, with a range of 97.6-102.3%. Corresponding data for
      0.25 mg reserpine/tablet are 99.3%, with a range of 97.6-100.6%. Satisfactory
      results also were obtained in content uniformity studies, using single 0.1 and
      0.25 mg tablets.

PMID- 681269
TI  - Fluorometric determination of metaraminol bitartrate injection.
AB  - A fluorescence assay for metaraminol bitartrate injection has been developed
      which uses o-phthalaldehyde as a fluorogenic reagent, and dose not require prior
      isolation of metaraminol. It is 50 times more sensitive than the USP assay. Six
      analyses of 2 vials of the same lot of metaraminol bitartrate injection gave 96
      +/- 0.4% of label declaration.

PMID- 681270
TI  - Semiautomated method for determining ferrous sulfate in pharmaceuticals:
      collaborative study.
AB  - A semiautomated colorimetric method is described for determining ferrous sulfate
      in tablets, capsules, and elixirs. The method involves the formation of an orange
      red complex between 1,10-phenanthroline and ferrous ion. Collaborators were
      supplied with 3 solid composites and one liquid sample. Two of the solid
      composites were prepared from commerical tablets of different dosage and one from
      commercial timed-release capsules; the fourth sample was an elixir. The results
      of the automated analyses for ferrous sulfate agreed well with those of the
      applicable USP method. No interference was found from ferric iron or from the red
      and green coloring used on coated tablets. The method has been adopted as
      official first action.

PMID- 681271
TI  - Determination of fluoride in deboned meat.
AB  - A rapid analytical procedure was investigated for measuring the fluoride content
      of deboned meat, using a specific ion electrode. The method involves a defatting
      procedure followed by chelation with EDTA before final solubilization and
      measurement. Fluoride content is determined by comparison to a standard curve on
      2-cycle semi-logarithmic graph paper of fluoride ion vs. millivolt readings. The
      method is applicable to hand and mechanically deboned pork, beef, and poultry
      within a range of from 0.7 to 25.0 ppm fluoride. Higher concentrations may be
      measured by analyzing additional standards and extending the curve into a third
      cycle. The curve is not linear below 0.7 ppm. Samples less than 0.7 ppm may be
      estimated by extrapolation. Studies with fortified samples indicate average
      recoveries of 92 +/- 4.2%. The standard deviation of duplicates within the
      laboratory is 0.5 ppm in the range stated above.

PMID- 681272
TI  - Survey for aflatoxin B1 in chicken eggs.
AB  - Samples of egg products were obtained during January and July 1977 from 35
      establishments located in the southern part of the United States. Of the 112
      samples analyzed, aflatoxin B1 was found in 1 sample of liquid egg white at a
      level of 0.06 ng/g. No aflatoxin was found in 101 samples of shell eggs offered
      for sale to consumers in Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina in
      the late fall of 1977.

PMID- 681273
TI  - Improved method for determination of light filth in chocolate products.
AB  - The recovery of rodent hairs from chocolate has been significantly improved by
      the introduction of an additional defatting step, substitution of 40% isopropanol
      for water, and substitution of mineral oil-heptane (85+15) for heptane in the
      trapping-off step. These changes have no adverse effect on insect fragment
      recovery. An average recovery of 95% was obtained for rodent hairs, coefficient
      of variation 7.9%. Insect fragment recoveries were 100%.

PMID- 681274
TI  - Mitochondrial biogenesis during fungal spore germination: effects of the
      antilipogenic antibiotic cerulenin upon Botryodiplodia spores.
AB  - Germination of spores of the fungus Botryodiplodia theobromae was inhibited by
      the antilipogenic antibiotic cerulenin. The spores remained viable in the
      presence of the antibiotic, however, and after prolonged incubation they were
      able to overcome the inhibition. Cerulenin inhibition of germination was reversed
      by Tween 40 and Tween 60 (derivatives of palmitate and stearate, respectively),
      but not by representatives of a range of free fatty acids or their soaps.
      Cerulenin abolished incorporation of [14C]acetate into sterols and triglycerides
      and reduced its incorporation into fatty acids by 69%. Cyanide-sensitive oxygen
      consumption by spores incubated in the presence of cerulenin was greatly reduced
      throughout germination, and the activity of cytochrome c oxidase was no more than
      13% of the activity in untreated spores, even after prolonged incubation.
      However, low-temperature difference spectra of mitochondrial extracts showed that
      the cerulenin-treated spores accumulated a threefold excess of cytochrome a,
      whereas the cellular concentrations of cytochroms c and b were identical to those
      of untreated spores. Cerulenin treatment sharply reduced the rates of whole spore
      protein and RNA synthesis. Cerulenin had no effects upon mitochondrial morphology
      which could be discerned with an electron microscope.

PMID- 681275
TI  - Biodegradation of acyclic isoprenoids by Pseudomonas species.
AB  - The ability of various pseudomonads to utilize acyclic isoprenoids as a sole
      carbon source was investigated. Tests for utilization of acyclic isoprenols such
      as citronellol and geraniol were complicated by toxic effects of these alcohols,
      and most species tested were killed by exposure to citronellol or geraniol (0.1%,
      vol/vol) in liquid culture. In the case of Pseudomonas citronellolis, sensitivity
      to isoprenols is reduced by prior induction of the isoprenoid degradative pathway
      via either growth on succinate in the presence of citronellol or growth on
      citronellic acid. For this species, citronellic acid proved to be the best
      isoprenoid growth substrate tested. Geraniol utilization as a taxonomic indicator
      for different subgroups of pseudomonads is discussed. Only a few of the species
      tested were able to utilize acyclic isoprenoids. Two species which utilize C10
      acyclic isoprenoids, P. aeruginosa and P. mendocina, were shown to contain the
      inducible enzyme geranyl-coenzyme A carboxylase, one of the unique enzymes in the
      isoprenol degradative pathway known to occur in P. citronellolis. Of the species
      which utilized geranitol, none showed definite growth on the homologous C15 and
      C20 isoprenols.

PMID- 681276
TI  - Effect of cultural conditions on the concentrations of metabolic intermediates
      during growth and sporulation of Bacillus licheniformis.
AB  - Intracellular concentrations of adenine nucleotides and intermediates of the
      Embden-Meyerhof pathway and the tricarboxylic acid cycle have been determined
      during growth and sporulation of Bacillus licheniformis in a variety of different
      media. The ATP pool was independent of growth rate and nitrogen source, but the
      use of glucose as a carbon source resulted in a twofold elevation in the ATP pool
      during exponential growth. The intracellular phosphoenolpyruvate pool was at
      least twofold higher during gluconeogenesis than during glycolysis. The finding
      that the use of glutamate as the sole nitrogen source resulted in at least a
      fivefold elevation of the alpha-ketoglutarate pool suggests a role for alpha
      ketoglutarate in the repression of the enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle
      responsible for alpha-ketoglutarate synthesis. Not one of the metabolites assayed
      appears to function as a signal of the nutrient deprivation which accompanies the
      initiation of sporulation.

PMID- 681277
TI  - Membrane phospholipid asymmetry in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.
AB  - The phospholipid distribution in the membrane of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens was
      studied by using phospholipase C (B. cereus), phospholipase A2 (Crotalus), and
      the nonpenetrating chemical probe trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid. After treatment
      of intact protoplasts of B. amyloliquefaciens with either phospholipase, about
      70%  of total membrane phospholipid was hydrolyzed; specifically, about 90, 90,
      and 30% of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, and cardiolipin,
      respectively. Under these conditions, protoplasts remained intact and sealed.
      However, when protoplasts that were permeabilized by cold-shock treatment were
      incubated with either of the phospholipases, up to 80% of cardiolipin was
      hydrolyzed and phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine were hydrolyzed
      virtually to completion. In intact cells, 92% of the phosphatidylethanolamine
      could be labeled with trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid under conditions in which the
      reagent did not penetrate the membrane to any significant extent. These results
      indicate that 70% of total phospholipid of this bacillus exists in the outer half
      of the bilayer. The distribution of phosphatidylethanolamine in this bilayer is
      highly asymmetric with it being located predominantly in the outer half. The
      results with phospholipases suggest that the distributions of cardiolipin and
      phosphatidylglycerol are also asymmetric but independent confirmation of this is
      required.

PMID- 681278
TI  - Presence of glycerophospholipid: cholesterol acyltransferase and phospholipase in
      culture supernatant of Aeromonas hydrophila.
AB  - Human erythrocyte membrane glycerophospholipids are deacylated by Aeromonas
      hydrophila 13-h culture supernatants, resulting in the production of cholesterol
      ester, free fatty acid, and water-soluble phosphates. This activity appears to be
      due to the actions of an acyltransferase (phosphatide:cholesterol
      acyltransferase, EC 2.3.1 group) and a phospholipase (phosphatide acyl
      hydrolase). The enzyme activities are produced simultaneously in late
      exponential/early stationary phase, are precipitated together from the culture
      supernatant with 85% ammonium sulfate, and are eluted together near the void
      volume during gel filtration on Sepharose 6B. These results suggest that A.
      hydrophila produces a multienzyme complex with an unusual mode of action on
      membrane lipids. The complex is distinct from the hemolytic factor aerolysin,
      which is also produced by A. hydrophila.

PMID- 681279
TI  - Bacterial xanthine oxidase from Arthrobacter S-2.
AB  - Arthrobacter S-2, originally isolated by enrichment on xanthine, produced high
      levels of xanthine oxidase activity, requiring as little as a 20-fold
      purification to approach homogeneity with some preparations. Molecular oxygen,
      ferricyanide, and 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol served as electron acceptors, but
      nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide did not. The enzyme was relatively specific
      when compared with previously studied xanthine-oxidizing enzymes, but at least
      one purine was observed to be oxidized at each of the three positions of the
      purine ring that have been subject to oxidation by this type of enzyme. The
      enzyme had a relatively high Km for xanthine (1.3 X 10(-4) M), and substrate
      inhibition was not observed with this compound, in contrast to the enzyme from
      cow's milk. In fact, an opposite effect was observed, and double-reciprocal plots
      with xanthine as the variable substrate showed a concave downward deviation at
      high concentrations. At 2.5 mM xanthine the enzyme had a specific activity
      approximately 50 times that of the most active preparations of the milk enzyme.
      The spectrum of the Arthrobacter enzyme resembled that of milk xanthine oxidase,
      suggesting a similarity of the prosthetic centers of the two enzymes. The
      bacterial enzyme was relatively small and may be dimeric, with approximate native
      and subunit molecular weights of 146,000 and 79,000, respectively.

PMID- 681280
TI  - Differences in incorporation of nucleic acid bases and nucleosides by various
      Mycoplasma and Acholeplasma species.
AB  - Eight species representative of the serological diversity of the Mycoplasmatales
      were tested for their ability to incorporate radiolabeled nucleic acid precursors
      into acid-insoluble material. Cultures in complex growth medium were centrifuged
      and resuspended in minimal essential medium (Eagle). For Acholeplasma laidlawii,
      labeling occurred mainly during the first 4 h of incubation, with substrate
      saturation at 20 micron. All organisms tested incorporated uracil, adenine, and
      guanine; none incorporated cytosine. Thymine was incorporated only by bovine
      group 7, Mycoplasma putrefaciens, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (strain 3546), but
      deoxynucleosides enhanced thymine incorporation in A. laidlawii, Mycoplasma
      gallisepticum, M. pneumoniae (strain AP-164), and Mycoplasma hyorhinis.
      Nucleoside incorporation (adenosine, guanosine, uridine, cytidine, and thymidine)
      was not observed for the arginine-utilizing species, Mycoplasma hominis and
      Mycoplasma arginini, whereas all other organisms tested incorporated nucleosides.
      The incorporation pattern provides additional metabolic evidence to support the
      biochemical and antigenic diversity of these organisms. The recognition of
      differences in incorporation of nucleic acid precursors is important not only to
      the specific labeling of these organisms, but also to the study of metabolism and
      transport.

PMID- 681281
TI  - Isolation and characterization of morphogenetic mutants of Arthrobacter
      crystallopoietes.
AB  - Mutants of Arthrobacter crystallopoietes that exhibited altered ability to
      undergo the normal sphere-to-rod-to-sphere morphogenetic cycle were isolated. The
      procedure used to isolate these mutants involved velocity sedimentation in a
      sterile sucrose gradient to separate morphogenesis-deficient spherical cells from
      rod-shaped cells capable of normal morphogenesis. Three classes of mutants were
      obtained: (i) those that cannot form rods, (ii) those that cannot form long rods,
      and (iii) those that form long rods but exhibit more extensive rudimentary
      branching than the wild type. The isolation and characterization of these mutants
      are described, and the use of these mutants in the study of the morphogenetic
      cycle of arthrobacters is discussed.

PMID- 681282
TI  - Temperature-sensitive multicellular mutants of Wangiella dermatitidis.
AB  - Three temperature-sensitive morphological mutants of Wangiella dermatitidis were
      isolated and characterized. The mutants grew in the yeastlike morphology at the
      permissive temperature (25 degrees C) but expressed a multicellular (Mc)
      phenotype at the restrictive temperature (37 degrees C). Cultures of Mc 2 and 3
      incubated at the restrictive temperature showed rapid reductions in the
      percentage of budded cells in the population. In contrast, budding continued for
      several generations in cultures of Mc 1. Incubation of cultures of Mc 2 and 3 at
      the restrictive temperature for 48 h resulted in nearly total conversion of
      yeastlike cells to the multicellular form; about 50% of the cells of Mc 1 had
      converted to multicellular forms after 48 h at the restrictive temperature.
      Studies using radiolabeled compounds documented that DNA, RNA, and protein
      synthesis continued at the restrictive temperature. The results suggest that
      multicellularity is the result of inhibition of bud emergence and cell separation
      without inhibition of growth nuclear division, and cytokinesis.

PMID- 681283
TI  - Morphological and cell association characteristics of Rochalimaea quintana:
      comparison of the Vole and Fuller strains.
AB  - The vole and Fuller strains of Rochalimaea quintana were grown on monolayers of
      mouse L cells irradiated 7 days previously and examined by light microscopy and
      scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Most of the bacteria of both
      strains were shown to adhere to the L cells but remained in an extracellular
      location. Cell division was frequently seen among the extracellular bacteria. The
      few intracellular bacteria seemed to be within vacuoles and did not multiply.
      Attachment to the eucaryotic cell did not seem to involve pili or other bacterial
      surface structures. The dimensions of the bacteria were approximately 0.45 micron
      in width by 1.0 to 1.7 micron in length. The cell envelope consisted of the usual
      trilaminar cell wall and plasma membranes separated by a layer of low electron
      density, as found in other gram-negative bacteria. No significant differences
      between the vole and Fuller strains either in morphology or relationship to
      eucaryotic cells were encountered.

PMID- 681284
TI  - Ultrastructural and physiological changes occurring upon germination and
      outgrowth of Azotobacter vinelandii cysts.
AB  - Dormant cysts of Azotobacter vinelandii germinated at 30 degrees C in Burk
      nitrogen-free media containing 1% glucose. Samples taken at intervals and
      examined by electron microscopy revealed that as germination progressed, vesicle
      like and fibrillar structures became visible in the intine region. Lamellae
      associated with the cell membrane appeared in the central body at 6 h post
      initiation of germination. Both electron micrographic and chemical analysis
      showed that the poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate content of cysts decreased
      significantly after 4 h of germination. Dormant cysts were resistant to sonic
      oscillation, but this property was lost during their conversion to metabolically
      active vegetative cells.

PMID- 681285
TI  - Rate of major protein synthesis during the cell cycle of Caulobacter crescentus.
AB  - The rate of major protein synthesis was examined during the synchronous
      differentiation of Caulobacter crescentus. Total cell proteins were pulse-labeled
      with [35S]methionine at different times in the swarmer cell cycle and analyzed by
      sodium dodecyl sulfate- polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The rates of
      synthesis of total cell proteins and of about one-half of the individual major
      proteins examined increased through G1 and S periods but remained nearly constant
      during G2 period. The rates of synthesis of the other half of the individual
      major proteins either increased continuously throughout the swarmer cell cycle or
      doubled during S period. One stage-specific protein was also detected in late S
      period. For most of the major proteins examined, the rate of synthesis in the
      swarmer cell was less than that in the stalked cell. It seemed that, before the
      onset of G2 period, the Caulobacter cell was already able to synthesize each
      major protein at the additive rate of the two progeny cells. Compared to the
      stability of cellular proteins, the functional degradation rate of mRNA coding
      for individual major proteins was rapid, with half-lives of 0.4 to 5.8 min. It
      thus seems that the rate of major protein synthesis mainly reflects the
      transcriptional control of gene expression.

PMID- 681286
TI  - Location of ribosome-binding sites on the tetracycline resistance transposon
      Tn10.
AB  - Eight ribosome-binding sites were located on the single-stranded Tn10 DNA loop
      which was formed after denaturation of lambda phage DNA containing the Tn10
      transposon sequence. Ribosomes were bound only to the Tn10 loop contained on the
      R strand of lambda DNA but not to that on the L strand, suggesting that one of
      the two strands of Tn10 DNA is selectively transcribed. Six of the eight ribosome
      binding sites were located in one-half of the DNA loop. The maximum sizes of
      potential polypeptides were calculated for these genes to range between 9,500 and
      84,000 daltons.

PMID- 681287
TI  - Effect of guanosine tetraphosphate on in vitro protein synthesis directed by E1
      and E3 colicinogenic factors.
AB  - The in vitro synthesis of colicin E3 was found to be stimulated by guanosine 5'
      diphosphate 3'-diphosphate (ppGpp), while that of several other ColE3 plasmid
      specific proteins was reduced in the presence of this nucleotide. The ColE1
      plasmid-directed in vitro synthesis of colicin E1 was also found to be stimulated
      by ppGpp.

PMID- 681288
TI  - The delivery of child health care - who is responsible?

PMID- 681289
TI  - Living with the characterologically altered brain injured patient.
AB  - Characterological defects secondary to brain injury tend to disrupt normal family
      interaction patterns and create adjustment problems for the patient's close
      family members. Social and psychological ties, expectations, and vulnerabilities
      make caretaking spouses and dependent children particularly susceptible to
      emotional stresses. Unrealistic expectations often compound these problems.
      Almost all family members experience some depression. Counseling family members
      can improve the quality of their adjustment and their care of the patient.
      Counseling goals include helping the family readjust expectations, providing
      practical management advice, and alerting family members to their own needs.
      Specific recommendations for dealing with common family problems are offered.

PMID- 681290
TI  - Diagnostic delay in presenile dementia.
AB  - In a retrospective study, patients with presenile dementia and histories of
      symptoms of depressive illness and of antecedent diagnosis of depressive disorder
      were found to have significantly longer intervals from initial physician contact
      to final diagnosis than patients without such histories. Patients with histories
      of psychiatric treatment prior to final diagnosis also had longer intervals, with
      differences approaching statistical significance. In contrast, intervals from
      symptom onset to first physician contact were noted to be shorter for those
      patients with these antecedent histories. A discussion of these results, a review
      of the relevant literature and an illustrative case report are presented.

PMID- 681291
TI  - Indicators of E.C.T. response and non-response in the treatment of depression.
AB  - Two matched groups of depressed patients, one ECT responsive and one ECT non
      responsive, were compared for clinical, historical and treatment variables. Three
      factors predicted good response: (1) duration of illness less than one year; (2)
      presence of a precipitating event; (3) presence of delusions. A trend suggested
      that concurrent physical debilitation was a negative indicator. Possible
      explanations for these findings were proposed.

PMID- 681292
TI  - Lithium in diabetes mellitus: a paradoxical response.
AB  - An unusual hyperglycemic effect of lithium was observed in a patient suffering
      from diabetes mellitus and mania. In the presence of constant insulin dosage,
      high serum lithium levels were correlated with high fasting bloos sugar, while
      lowering of the lithium level led to a lowering the fasting blood sugar. These
      observations are discussed in terms of the effects of lithium on glucose
      metabolism and with particular emphasis on the ability of lithium to increase the
      release of glucagon.

PMID- 681293
TI  - Capgras syndrome: case report of an adolescent and review of literature.
AB  - Case report of an adolescent with Capgras Syndrome in the absence of organic
      brain syndrome is presented. Four cardinal features associated with Capgras
      Syndrome--(1) moderate-to-severe anxiety or stress, (2) ambivalent love-hate
      relationships with important love objects, (3) body image distortion, and (4)
      rejection-abandonment phenomena--were developed vis-a-vis the developmental tasks
      of adolescence. The literature consisting of 75 case reports is reviewed from the
      standpoint of differential diagnosis especially with respect to organic brain
      syndromes and schizophrenia.

PMID- 681294
TI  - Toxoplasmosis masquerading as a psychotropic side effect.
AB  - When treating a patient with neuroleptics or tricyclic antidepressants, it is
      usually assumed that complaints of blurred vision can be ascribed to the
      anticholinergic side effects of these drugs. The authors present a patient
      treated with imipramine and trifluoperazine whose complaints of blurred vision
      led to the diagnosis of toxoplasma chorioretinitis.

PMID- 681296
TI  - Psychiatry on death row.

PMID- 681295
TI  - A comparison of the onset of action and therapeutic efficacy of amoxapine and
      amitriptyline.
AB  - A total of 61 moderately to severely depressed outpatients were treated for four
      weeks with either amoxapine (a dibenzoxapine tricyclic) or amitriptyline. This
      double blind study showed that amoxapine was as effective as amitriptyline and
      had an earlier onset of action. Maximum doses used were 300 mg of amoxapine and
      150 mg of amitriptyline. Side effects were similar for the two drugs, except for
      impotence or loss of libido in eight male amoxapine, as against three
      amitriptyline patients. Laboratory, EKG, and vital signs findings showed no
      pathological trends.

PMID- 681297
TI  - Characterization and prevalence of tardive dyskinesia.

PMID- 681298
TI  - The clinical case and child psychiatry.

PMID- 681299
TI  - Incest in psychiatric practice: a description of patients and incestuous
      relationships.
AB  - Patients reporting incest resembled the author's other patients in age, sex
      marital status, education, residence and social class. Both initiating and
      receptive partners were represented among these patients. In two-thirds of 32
      patients, incest had occurred more than 1 year previously. No one clinical
      picture predominated. Thirty-two patients had been involved in 42 incestuous
      relationships. Initiating partners, always older, included 32 men and 10 women.
      Coitus was the most frequent sexual activity; homosexual relations were present
      in 4 instances. Adults initiating incest had usually lost access to adult sexual
      partners by death, divorce, illness, or marital partners' refusal to cohabit.

PMID- 681300
TI  - Common errors in the treatment of suicidal patients.
AB  - As a suicidology consultant to a county coroner and to several hospitals, the
      author has noted 5 common errors by the mental health caretakers in the treatment
      and management of suicidal patients. Prototypical cases of these errors are
      presented and discussed along with suggestions for prevention.

PMID- 681301
TI  - Role interference: an analysis of suicide victims, homicide offenders, and non
      violent individuals.
AB  - The relationship between role interference and suicidal, homicidal and non
      violent behavior is investigated. Interference obtains to the extent that
      enactment of certain roles tends to impede the enactment of others. High degrees
      of interference in the performance of roles is generally frustrating to
      individuals and is a potential generator of outwardly directed violence. Low
      degrees of role interference is likewise disconcerting to persons but in the
      absence of an external target for aggression may lead to self deprecation and
      ultimately suicide. Detailed life histories of 98 suicide victims, 62 homicide
      offenders, and 76 non-violent individuals having no history of homicidal or
      suicidal behavior were studied. Homicide offenders suffered a higher incidence of
      role interference than the suicide or non-violent samples. Suicide victims tended
      to experience low degrees of such interference.

PMID- 681302
TI  - Portrait of a pusher--"mother".
AB  - The authors describe a case history of a drug pusher who has represented a
      special problem for their drug treatment program, since he functions
      symbiotically with this program, and is intimately involved with its clientele.
      Such a development, in the course of a drug treatment program, has implications
      for the practicality of the treatment approach. Methods of coping are discussed.

PMID- 681303
TI  - Imipramine and desipramine plasma levels: relationship to dosage schedule and
      sampling time.
AB  - Tricyclic antidepressant plasma levels were determined after administration if
      imipramine (11 patients) and desipramine (ten patients) as a single daily bedtime
      dose or in divided doses. Plasma levels of the tricyclics were relatively stable
      on both dosage schedules due to the long plasma half-lives of these drugs. No
      difference was found between the two dosage schedules and the therapeutic
      effectiveness or the severity of side effects. The majority of patients preferred
      the single dose schedule. These findings support the use of a single daily dose
      of imipramine and desipramine.

PMID- 681304
TI  - Acute phencyclidine (PCP) intoxication: psychopathology and prognosis.
AB  - In 15 patients hospitalized with phencyclidine (PCP) psychosis, several measures
      of psychopathology were examined in relationship to urine PCP levels, duration of
      hospitalization and mode of intoxication. Duration of hospitalization was found
      to be significantly shorter for smokers than for ingesters of PCP. Impaired
      ability to estimate 30 seconds duration was found to correlate significantly with
      a higher urine PCP level and a longer hospitalization. No other measure of
      psychopathology was found to correlate with either duration of hospitalization or
      urine PCP levels, now were other measures of psychopathology found to distinguish
      these patients from patients with acute functional mental illness.

PMID- 681305
TI  - Reactive affective cycles and lithium: a caveat.
AB  - The author has been referred increasing numbers of patients who were
      inappropriately treated with Lithium for cyclic "depressions" which were in fact
      reactive-depressive episodes resulting from cyclic patterns of interpersonal
      behavior. This paper gives two case reports to demonstrate the phenomenon of
      reactive-affective cycles, their clinical presentations and the problems arising
      from treatment with medications. The structure of cycles of interpersonal
      behavior and their presentation in therapy is described and treatment strategies
      are suggested.

PMID- 681306
TI  - Metaphor as a diagnostic tool.
AB  - A case study is reported wherein the patient's frequent use of metaphors was used
      as presumptive evidence that the patient had been misdiagnosed ten years earlier
      as having central nervous system disease. The ability to produce metaphors
      depends upon the capacity to condense several meanings into a word or two, and
      this in turn implies a rather active associative process. Concretism, not
      associative richness, characterizes central nervous system disease. The
      presumption as regards diagnosis was supported by subsequent data including the
      patient's response to psychotherapy.

PMID- 681307
TI  - Fatal hyperthermia following haloperidol therapy of sedative-hypnotic withdrawal.
AB  - A 30 year old male, with a history of methalqualone and barbiturate abuse,
      developed a delirium tremens-like syndrome following discontinuation of the
      medications. Shortly following high doses of parenteral haloperidol administered
      for treatment of the withdrawal syndrome, the patient developed severe
      hyperthermia, with body temperatures reaching as high as 108 degrees F. The
      hyperthermic episode was followed by cardiovascular collapse, multiple
      complications, and death. The sequence of events strongly suggests that
      haloperidol therapy was casually related to the development of fatal
      hyperthermia. Thus the butyrophenone haloperidol, like the phenothiazine
      derivatives, can produce clinically important impairment of thermoregulation.

PMID- 681308
TI  - Life threatening self-mutilation of the nose.
AB  - Potentially life threatening self-mutilation of the nose in a patient with a
      severe passive aggressive character disorder is described. The phenomenological
      and psychodynamic features of this case are contrasted with those of
      schizophrenia and factitious dermatoses with similar excoriations.

PMID- 681309
TI  - Absence of hostility in outpatients after administration of halazepam--a new
      benzodiazepine.
AB  - A number of benzodiazepine have been shown to increase hostility and aggression.
      This study examines whether halazepam, a new benzodiazepine structurally very
      similar to diazepam, is associated with increases in hostility. Fifty-one adult
      outpatients in a double blind, 6 week study were randomly assigned either
      halazepam or placebo. Hostility was measured by changes in response on four
      different scales, the anger-hostility factor of the Patient Symptom Checklist and
      three MMPI hostility scales. The results of our study indicated that halazepam
      does not induce significant changes in hositility.

PMID- 681310
TI  - Evaluation of polysulfone as a potential biomedical material.
AB  - In the course of preliminary screening of various potential biomaterials,
      polysulfone (PS) has been found to have good biocompatibility (1,2). This paper
      describes the detailed results of evaluation of PS by several methods. Although a
      number of screening programs for biomaterials have been published (3,4,5,6,), we
      used our own program in this experiment.

PMID- 681311
TI  - Detection of human proteins in the epoxy housing of implanted cardiac pacemakers.

PMID- 681312
TI  - The application of experimental design in bioengineering.
AB  - The use of factorial designs in experimentation and the careful planning of the
      three basic phases of experimental projects, will maximize the reliable
      information from the experiment and minimize the cost and effort to the
      experimentor. The application of the principles of good experimental design are
      illustrated in a case study of experimentation which investigates a new mode of
      peritoneal dialysis.

PMID- 681313
TI  - Surface tension measurements on methacrylate monomer solutions, selected
      solvents, and gel extracts.
AB  - The surface tensions of selected methacrylate monomer and solvent solutions were
      measured, and calibration curves were generated. The curves were then used to
      deduce the amounts of water soluble extractables in methacrylate hydrogels by
      measuring the surface tension of the extractant. The detectability limit (parts
      per 10,000) and the overall sensitivity of the method suggests its possible use
      as an extraction monitor test for related biomaterials.

PMID- 681314
TI  - Structure-function relations in mammalian tendon: the effect of geometrical
      nonuniformity.
AB  - The stress-strain relations of mammalian tendon are analyzed in terms of the
      structure of its constituents. Two observed experimental features are accounted
      for by the present model: the effect of the elastic fibers on the stress-strain
      curve in the primary range and the effect of the geometrical diversity of the
      structural units of the collagen fibers on the nonlinearity of the stress-strain
      relations. The effect of the matrix-fiber interaction and the bending rigidity of
      the fiber are neglected. It is shown that the observed nonlinear characteristics
      of the stress-strain relations in the tendon can be accurately accounted for by
      the model. It is further shown that on the basis of this model, considerable
      insight into the structure and mechanics of the tendon's constituents can be
      obtained from results of simple stress-strain tests.

PMID- 681315
TI  - Instantaneous center of rotation by least square method.
AB  - In the design of the total replacement of the human joint, the joint center of
      rotation is often important. This paper describes an analytical technique to
      study joint kinematics, especially the instantaneous center of rotation. The
      empirical data for the analysis were obtained by the sonic digitizer system which
      works acoustically and electronically. As biomechanical applications of the
      technique, the elbow, the metacarpophalangeal, and wrist joints were studied.

PMID- 681316
TI  - A feasibility study for the use of a silastic gage as an in vivo muscle force
      transducer.
AB  - This study investigates the feasibility of utilizing silastic gages for in vivo
      dynamic muscle force measurement. The gastrocnemius muscle of a fifty-one pound
      black short hair dog was selected for the test. The study shows that such
      measurements can be reliably performed in vivo for short durations without
      interfering with the natural movement of the animal. The durability of the gage
      appears to be primarily limited by the biological rejection process at the gage
      site.

PMID- 681317
TI  - An analytical approach to the determination of optimal phasing for external
      counterpulsation.
AB  - An inhomogeneous linear one-dimensional mathematical model is constructed as a
      conceptual approach to the study of the effects of External Counterpulsation
      (ECP) on the pressure and flow at the root of the aorta. The optimal operation of
      ECP is defined by two conditions: (1) minimization of the mean systolic pressure;
      and (b) maximization of the ratio of diastolic area over systolic area under the
      total pressure curve. The phase shift of the external pressure is determined so
      as to satisfy these two requirements. It is demonstrated within our approximation
      that with a given magnitude of external pressure, the phase shifts that satisfy
      these two requirements are the same. These phase shifts are linear functions of
      the systolic fraction of the total cardiac period, and depend on the time for the
      external wave to travel from the site of application up the vascular bed to the
      root of the aorta, plus the reflection contributions. Even though these results
      are derived from a simple model far from the complexity of the actual
      vasculature, the basic concepts would remain valid even if more complex
      mathematical treatments would have been used.

PMID- 681318
TI  - A self-transmitting surface acoustic wave (SAW) pressure transducer.
AB  - We have developed a small, pressure-sensitive device using SAW oscillators, which
      is capable of being implanted and transmitting a signal several hundred feet.
      This paper presents the device and its prototypes, and data from the laboratory
      and live subjects.

PMID- 681319
TI  - Data acquisition system for body surface potential mapping.

PMID- 681320
TI  - Limitations of bandwidth compression hearing aids applied to the voiced portion
      of speech.
AB  - Numerous speech processing techniques have been applied to assist hearing
      impaired subjects with extreme high-frequency hearing losses who can be helped
      only to a limited degree with conventional hearing aids. The results of providing
      this class of deaf subjects with a speech encoding hearing aid, which is able to
      reproduce intelligible speech for their particular needs, have generally been
      disappointing. There are at least four problems related to bandwidth compression
      applied to the voiced portion of speech: (1) the problem of pitch extraction in
      real time; (2) pitch extraction under realistic listening conditions, i.e. when
      competing speech and noise sources are present; (3) an insufficient data base for
      successful compression of voiced speech; and (4) the introduction of undesirable
      spectral energies in the bandwidth-compressed signal, due to the compression
      process itself. Experiments seem to indicate that voiced speech segments
      bandwidth limited to f = 1000 Hz, even at a loss of higher formant frequencies,
      is in most instances superior in intelligibility compared to bandwidth-compressed
      voiced speech segments of the same bandwidth, even if pitch can be extracted with
      no error. With the added complexity of real-time pitch extraction which has to
      function in actual listening conditions, it is doubtful that a speech encoding
      hearing aid, based on bandwidth compression on the voiced portion of speech,
      could be successfully implemented. However, if bandwidth compression is applied
      to the unvoiced portions of speech only, the above limitations can be overcome
      (1).

PMID- 681321
TI  - An electronic frequency shifting stethoscope for heart sounds.
AB  - The predominating energy in the normal heart sounds has been found to be at
      frequencies below the normal hearing threshold. Because it was felt that
      significant clinical information was likely to be present at those frequencies,
      an instrument was designed and fabricated which would frequency shift the entire
      heart sound into the middle of the auditory frequency range. Clinical testing
      showed that changes were readily detected in a monitoring situation, and that use
      of the instrument was both simple and easy to learn.

PMID- 681322
TI  - An electrophysiological approach to neural augmentation implantation for the
      control of pain.

PMID- 681323
TI  - Adsorption of collagen on model hydrophobic surfaces.
AB  - The change in interfacial tension with time for rat-tail tendon collagen
      adsorbing at the air, methylene iodide and isooctane interfaces has been followed
      by the pendant drop technique as a model for hydrophobic biomaterials. It is
      shown that the surface activity of tropocollagen at these three interfaces is
      less than that of albumin, gamma-globulin, serum of plasma, so that displacement
      of a preadsorbed plasma protein layer by tropocollagen molecules is energetically
      unfavourable and unlikely to occur. It is proposed that this may be one reason
      for the lack of interaction between hydrophobic soft tissue implants and their
      tissue capsules. It is then speculated that such interaction may require the
      development of biomaterials with a specific affinity for connective tissue
      components.

PMID- 681324
TI  - Calcium and magnesium binding to gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing peptides
      via metal ion nuclear magnetic resonance.
AB  - The determination of binding constants of metal ions to biomolecules is
      approachable via many techniques. Metal ion NMR spectroscopy is an alternative to
      more traditional techniques and is complementary to them, particularly in
      investigations of the interactions of metal ions with relatively small peptides
      containing multiple ionizing groups. The method requires relatively small amounts
      of material, is fairly fast, and is carried out at equilibrium. Our study has
      been of calcium and magnesium ion binding to gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla)
      containing peptides. Dissociation constants of approximately 0.6 mM for the
      binding of either metal ion to Z-D-Gla-D-Gla-OMe have been obtained. The
      procedure for determination of these constants via metal ion NMR is discussed.

PMID- 681325
TI  - Identification of two protease inhibitors from bovine cardiac muscle.
AB  - Low salt extracts from homogenates of bovine cardiac muscle contain two protease
      inhibitors, one specific for the calcium-activated protease from this tissue and
      the other for trypsin and chymotrypsin, but no other serine proteases, including
      plasmin, thrombin, and subtilisin. The former, which can be separated from the
      protease by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, is a protein with a molecular
      weight of 270,000. Its action is not based on the sequestering of calcium, and it
      is present in large excess over the amount of calcium-activated protease in this
      tissue. The trypsin inhibitor, which has a molecular weight of 70,000, is
      estimated to be present at approximately 300 microgram/g, wet weight, of tissue.
      The identification of inhibitors such as these in the cytoplasm may explain why
      nonlysosomal proteolytic activity has been thought to be insignificant in the
      overall turnover of intracellular protein and suggests that a re-evaluation of
      this possibility is necessary.

PMID- 681326
TI  - Unusual COOH-terminal structure of staphylococcal protease.
AB  - The extracellular enzyme, staphylococcal protease, carries a COOH-terminal
      tryptic peptide of 43 amino acid residues most of which are aspartic acid,
      asparagine, and proline. This peptide might have a function equivalent to that of
      a similar segment previously observed at the NH2-terminal end of the membrane
      bound penicillinase precursor of Bacillus licheniformis (Yamamoto, S., and
      Lampen, J. O. (1976) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 73, 1457-1461). These
      observations would suggest that bacterial exoproteins which are secreted in the
      form of precursors differ from extracellular proteins by the presence of an extra
      segment at their NH2- and/or COOH-terminal ends.

PMID- 681327
TI  - Kinetic mechanisms of gentamicin acetyltransferase I. Antibiotic-dependent shift
      from rapid to nonrapid equilibrium random mechanisms.
AB  - Initial velocity, product, dead-end, and substrate inhibition studies are
      described for gentamicin acetyltransferase I in the forward reaction. Initial
      velocity patterns were linear with tobramycin (Km acetyl-CoA = 1.7 micron, Km
      tobramycin = 1.6 micron), concave upward with sisomicin (V/K.Et = 1.7 X 10(7) M-1
      s-1, indicative of nonrapid equilibrium conditions), and showed partial
      uncompetitive substrate inhibition with gentamicin C1a (Km acetyl-CoA = 1.3
      micron, Km gentamicin C1a = 0.12 micron, KI = 6.5 micron). Product inhibition by
      CoA and acetyltobramycin consists of two competitive and two noncompetitive
      patterns. Dead-end inhibition by butyryl-CoA and neomycin consists of two
      competitive and two uncompetitive patterns. However, the uncompetitive pattern
      between neomycin and acetyl-CoA became noncompetitive when sisomicin rather than
      tobramycin was the nonvaried substrate. These results are consistent with a
      Random BiBi mechanism with synergism between binding sites which is nonrapid
      equilibrium with gentamicin C1a and sisomicin and rapid equilibrium with poor
      substrates such as tobramycin. The substrate inhibition by gentamicin C1a arises
      from a reduction in the rate of product (CoA) release which is partially rate
      determining under nonrapid equilibrium conditions.

PMID- 681328
TI  - Substrate specificity and structure-activity relationships of gentamicin
      acetyltransferase I. The dependence of antibiotic resistance upon substrate
      Vmax/Km values.

PMID- 681329
TI  - Initiation factor eIF-4B (IF-M3)-dependent recognition and translation of capped
      versus uncapped eukaryotic mRNAs.
AB  - Translation of capped and uncapped eukaryotic mRNAs is stimulated by addition of
      eIF-4B to an mRNA-dependent reticulocyte lysate system. m7G5 ppp inhibits
      translation of capped but not uncapped mRNAs and reduces translation of capped
      vaccinia mRNA to the level obtained with uncapped vaccinia mRNA. Exogenous eIF-4B
      but no other initiation factor reverses inhibition of protein synthesis by
      m7G5'ppp. Both capped and uncapped mRNAs interact directly with eIF-4B to form a
      stable complex, which can be detected by a simple nitrocellulose filter binding
      assay. However, addition of a 5'-cap to beta-eliminated globin mRNA or satellite
      tobacco necrosis virus RNA (normally uncapped) increased binding affinity of
      these mRNAs for eIF-4B and causes binding of these mRNAs to become sensitive to
      inhibition by m7G5'ppp. These results indicate that the role of the mRNA 5'-cap
      in translation is related specifically to the function of eIF-4B in forming a
      complex with mRNA (prior to association of mRNA with the 40 S ribosomal subunit)
      and that both cap and non-cap sequences participate in this process.

PMID- 681330
TI  - Human blood coagulation factor IX. Purification, properties, and mechanism of
      activation by activated factor XI.

PMID- 681331
TI  - Purification and properties of cytochrome P-450 obtained from liver microsomes of
      untreated rats by lauric acid affinity chromatography.

PMID- 681332
TI  - Calcium-induced conformational changes in a cyanogen bromide fragment of troponin
      C that contains one of the binding sites.
AB  - The increase observed in alpha helix from 20 to 38%, the spectral red shift of
      the absorption bands of the side chain chromophores, the increase of
      phenylalanine side chain optical activity and a decrease of cysteinyl side chain
      reactivity with 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) are consistent with a coil to
      helix change in the segment containing Cys-98 and Phe-99 and 102 when the CB9
      fragment of troponin C (TnC) with an intact binding site III binds Ca2+. Since
      similar spectrophotometric observations have been made on the whole molecule the
      data with CB9 confirm our previous suggestion that binding site III of TnC is one
      of the strong binding sites for Ca2+. The estimate of the binding constant of
      Ca2+ for CB9 is about 2 orders of magnitude lower than in whole TnC, indicating
      further stabilization in the intact molecule.

PMID- 681333
TI  - Quantitation and characterization of antibody binding to tubulin.
AB  - A goat antiserum, raised to native hog brain tubulin, was characterized by
      conventional immunological techniques and by employing a method for precipitation
      of tubulin.anti-tubulin complexes with heat-inactivated Staphylococcus aureus.
      Antiserum dilution experiments indicated that antibodies to native tubulin were
      raised, and maximal binding was observed to microtubules fixed with 1 mM
      glutaraldehyde. Competition experiments, using iodinated fixed microtubules as
      tracer, demonstrated that equivalent binding occurred with microtubules at
      protein concentrations 100- to 1000-fold lower than those for monomeric tubulin.
      A rabbit antiserum raised to sodium dodecyl sulfate-treated axonemal tubulin was
      also characterized. The serum bound maximally (90%) to either sodium dodecyl
      sulfate-treated or native iodinated hog brain tubulin, and competition for
      antibody binding has been observed with tubulin from diverse sources (Tetrahymena
      pyriformis ciliary axonemes, Lytechinus pictus flagellar axonemes, and mouse
      neuroblastoma extracts). Using these two antisera, radioimmunoassays are being
      developed for quantitation of polymeric and total tubulin in cellular systems.

PMID- 681334
TI  - The inhibition of alpha-ketoglutarate oxidation by fatty acids in rat liver
      mitochondria.

PMID- 681335
TI  - Arginine deiminase from Mycoplasma arthritidis. Properties of the enzyme from log
      phase cultures.
AB  - Hydrodynamic, chemical, and optical properties of arginine deiminase (EC 3.5.3.6)
      from Mycoplasma arthritidis are reported for the enzyme isolated from log phase
      cells. The S020,w and D020,w values of the enzyme are 5.48 S and 5.87 X 10(-7)
      cm3/s, respectively; the molecular weight is 87,300. Determination of the amino
      acid composition shows that about 45% of the residues are nonpolar. Another
      unique feature of the composition is the presence of 36 half-cystine residues.
      The state of oxidation of the half-cystines appears to be well established as 16
      disulfide and 4 sulfhydryl groups. The reaction of 1 sulfhydryl group with 0.3 mM
      5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) has a half-life of about 50 min at pH 8. The
      modified enzyme retains full activity. Two -SH groups are accessible to this
      reagent in 2 M guanidine hydrochloride, whereas all 4 -SH groups react
      immediately in 4 M guanidine hydrochloride. Reduction of disulfide bonds with
      dithiothreitol occurs only to a limited extent in 8 M urea, but is complete in 4
      M guanidine hydrochloride. The enzyme loses activity immediately at pH 2.5, but
      retains full activity upon standing 8 h at pH 9.5 in several buffers. The large
      number of cystine residues leads to a complex near ultraviolet circular dichroism
      spectrum with cystine contributions apparently superimposed on contributions from
      aromatic residues. The far ultraviolet spectrum suggests that the molecule
      contains about 18% alpha helix. At pH 2.5, beta conformation and disulfide
      contributions are dominant. Aromatic and alpha bands are reduced considerably at
      pH 9.5.

PMID- 681336
TI  - Arginine deiminase from Mycoplasma arthritidis. Structure-activity relationships
      among  substrates and competitive inhibitors.
AB  - The arginine deiminase (L-arginine iminohydrolase, EC 3.5.3.6) from Mycoplasma
      arthritidis catalyzes the irreversible hydrolysis of arginine and related
      guanidine derivatives to ammonia and the corresponding ureido analog of the
      substrate. The kinetic constants Km, kcat, and kcat/Km for the arginine deiminase
      catalyzed hydrolysis of L-arginine are equal to 4 micron, 29 s-1, and 7.4 X 10(7)
      M-1 s-1, respectively, at 25 degrees C and pH 7.2. The enzyme also catalyzes the
      hydrolysis of L-canavanine, Nalpha-methyl-L-argine, D-arginine, L-homoarginine, L
      argininic acid, and guanidine, in order of decreasing second order rate constants
      (kcat/Km); the second order rate constants for these substrates are 10(-3) to 10(
      10) smaller than the rate constant for L-arginine. Twenty-two arginine and
      guanidine analogs were tested for inhibitory capacity. Only 13 are competitive
      inhibitors having Ki values in the range 3.2 to 40 mM. These results show that
      binding of ligands to the enzyme is dominated by electrostatic or hydrogen
      bonding interactions, or both, of the guanidino and alpha-amino group. Neither
      citrulline nor ornithine, the end product of arginine degradation in M.
      arthritidis, is an inhibitor of arginine deiminase from this organism.

PMID- 681337
TI  - Selective inactivation of pyridoxamine form of aspartate aminotransferase by
      iodoacetate. Carboxymethylation of 4'-amino group of bound pyridoxamine 5'
      phosphate.

PMID- 681338
TI  - Human hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase. Steady state kinetics of
      the forward and reverse reactions.
AB  - A steady state kinetic study of the hypoxanthine-guanine
      phosphoribosyltransferase-catalyzed reaction in the forward and the reverse
      directions was carried out. The results obtained favor a sequential mechanism
      where the monomagnesium complexes of IMP and PPi bind to the enzyme in a rapid
      equilibrium random fashion while products must dissociate from the enzyme in
      ordered sequence, first the purine base and then the magnesium complex(es) of P
      Rib-PP.

PMID- 681339
TI  - Conformational studies of peptide hormones using laser Raman and circular
      dichroism spectroscopy. A comparative study of oxytocin agonists and antagonists.

PMID- 681340
TI  - Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. Formation of L-kynurenine from L-tryptophan in
      cultured rabbit fineal gland.
AB  - The distribution of the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity was investigated in
      various parts of the rabbit brain using the supernatant fraction (30,000 X g, 30
      min) of homogenates. A low but significant activity was detected in all parts of
      the brain. The highest activity was associated with the pineal gland and choroid
      plexus. Specific activities of the supernatant fractions derived from the pineal
      gland and choroid plexus were 84.8 and 34.2 pmol/h/mg of protein at 37 degrees C,
      respectively, with L-tryptophan as substrate. When the pineal gland was cultured
      with L-[methylene-14C]tryptophan, L-[methylene-14C]kynurenine formed by the
      action of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase was found as one of the major products. It
      was isolated by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography and identified by thin layer
      chromatography with and without the treatment by kynureninase from a pseudomonad.
      The amount of kynurenine thus measured accounted for approximately one-third of
      the total amount of tryptophan metabolites, indicating that the kynurenine
      pathway is one of the major metabolic pathways of tryptophan in the rabbit pineal
      gland.

PMID- 681341
TI  - The sugar chain structures of ABO blood group active glycoproteins obtained from
      human erythrocyte membrane.
AB  - The glycoproteins of human erythrocyte membrane have two groups of sugar chains
      with blood type ABH determinants, which are quite distinct in their molecular
      sizes. A neutral sugar chain and an acidic sugar chain, which belong to the small
      size group, were isolated from the glycoproteins obtained from the erythrocyte of
      blood type O individuals, and their structures were elucidated as Fucalpha1 leads
      to 2Galbeta1 leads to 3N-acetylgalactosaminitol and Fucalpha1 leads to 2Galbeta1
      leads to 3(AcNeualpha2 leads to 6)N-acetylgalactosaminitol, respectively. The
      molecular weight of the large sugar chains with ABH determinants were estimated
      to be more than 4000. Both large and small neutral sugar chains of membrane
      glycoproteins obtained from blood type O erythrocyte could serve as acceptors of
      alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferases purified from milk of blood type A1 and
      A2 individuals, producing the same radioactive sugar chain distribution patterns.
      However, the acidic sugar chain with the H determinant could not serve as an
      acceptor of these enzymes.

PMID- 681342
TI  - The binding of d-glucosyl-neoglycoproteins to the hepatic asialoglycoprotein
      receptor.
AB  - The binding of D-glucosyl-neoglycoproteins and D-galactose-terminated
      glycoproteins to the hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptor of rabbit liver
      membranes were characterized and compared. The binding of both types of
      glycoproteins showed the same dependence on calcium concentration, sensitivity to
      neuraminidase, and degree of inhibition by various carbohydrate derivatives.
      These results, along with the observation that the rabbit liver membranes bound
      both the D-glucosyl- and D-galactosyl-terminated glycoproteins to the same
      extent, indicated that both types of glycoproteins bound to the same receptor. To
      confirm this hypothesis, receptors were isolated from rabbit livers by affinity
      chromatography using D-galactosyl-bovine serum albumin or D-glucosyl-bovine serum
      albumin immobilized on Sepharose. These receptors were shown to be identical by
      several chemical and immunological criteria as well as in their ability to bind
      equal amounts of D-galactosyl- and D-glucosyl-terminated glycoproteins. The
      conclusion is that the rabbit hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptor cannot
      discriminate between D-galactosyl and D-glucosyl-terminated glycoproteins and
      binds both.

PMID- 681344
TI  - Microcompartmentation of aspartate in rat liver mitochondria.

PMID- 681343
TI  - Nerve growth factor from Crotalus adamenteus snake venom.

PMID- 681345
TI  - Flash-induced volume changes of bacteriorhodopsin-containing membrane fragments
      and their relationship to proton movements and absorbance transients.

PMID- 681346
TI  - Glutamate dehydrogenase activation and ammonia formation by rat kidney
      mitochondria.

PMID- 681347
TI  - Reactions of phosphorothioate compounds catalyzed by adenylosuccinate synthetase.
      Steady state and pre-steady state kinetic studies.

PMID- 681348
TI  - Rapid stimulation of hepatic microsomal heme oxygenase in selenium-deficient
      rats. An effect of phenobarbital.
AB  - Hepatic microsomal heme oxygenase, the rate-limiting enzyme in heme degradation,
      is rapidly and markedly stimulated in selenium-deficient rats but not in
      controls, after a single injection of phenobarbital sodium. This stimulation
      occurred as early as 2 h and reached an 8- to 10-fold maximum 6 h following the
      drug. These observations suggest that phenobarbital rapidly and markedly enhances
      the degradation of hepatic heme in selenium deficiency. The cause for this rapid
      phenobarbital-mediated stimulation of heme degradation was investigated. It could
      not be ascribed to either accelerated turnover of cytochrome P-450, or enhanced
      lipid peroxidation possibly resulting from the concomitant lack of glutathione
      peroxidase in selenium deficiency. For these reasons, the metabolism of hepatic
      heme in the selenium-deficient rat liver was further examined during the 6-h
      period following phenobarbital. These studies indicated that whereas heme was
      synthesized much faster and to a greater extent in the selenium-deficient rat
      liver than in the control, its utilization in the formation of hemoproteins such
      as cytochrome P-450 and tryptophan pyrrolase was apparently impaired in selenium
      deficiency. Such defective utilization of heme in the 6-h period following
      phenobarbital could effectively result in a relative excess of unutilized "free"
      heme; hence the consequent stimulation of microsomal heme oxygenase for its
      disposal.

PMID- 681349
TI  - DNA-dependent RNA polymerase III from Acanthamoeba castellanii. A rapid procedure
      for the large scale preparation of homogeneous enzyme.

PMID- 681350
TI  - Transport of 5-hydroxytryptamine by dense granules from porcine platelets.
AB  - A method is described for the isolation of a homogeneous preparation of dense
      granules from procine platelets. The purified dense granule fraction contained
      approximately 400 nmol of 5-hydroxytryptamine/mg of protein and appeared to be
      homogeneous when examined by electron microscopy. Isolated dense granules
      transport exogenously added 5-hydroxytryptamine via two mechanisms: 1) a carrier
      mediated process predominating at low substrate concentrations and 2) a diffusion
      controlled process predominating at high substrate concentrations. Temperature
      studies revealed an apparent energy of activation of 14.9 kcal/mol for the
      carrier-mediated transport. Kinetic data yielded a Km of 3.3 micron and a Vmax of
      0.79 nmol/min/mg of protein for the mediated transport process. Steady state
      uptake was sensitive to changes in medium osmotic pressure and a decline in
      uptake below 300 mosM was correlated with release of endogenous 5
      hydroxytryptamine. The transport was inhibited by a number of structural analogs
      of 5-hydroxytryptamine. These results demonstrate the existence of a carrier
      mediated transport system for 5-hydroxytryptamine in the membranes of the
      platelet dense granules.

PMID- 681352
TI  - Cyclic analog of elastin polyhexapeptide exhibits an inverse temperature
      transition leading to crystallization.
AB  - The cyclic dodecapeptide analog of the linear polyhexapeptide of tropoelastin
      crystallizes from water on raising of the temperature and thereby demonstrates an
      inverse temperature transition implying dominant intermolecular hydrophobic
      interactions. The temperature profiles of turbidity (TP tau) of the
      cyclododecapeptide are analogous to those of the polyhexapeptide where increases
      in concentration lead to translations of the profiles to lower temperature
      without sharpening of the transition. The demonstration of increase in order with
      increase in temperature for the cyclododecapeptide in water and the similarity of
      TPtau's lends credence to the view that increases in temperature lead to
      increases in order, specifically, for the linear polyhexapeptide and, generally,
      for the precursor protein of the elastic fiber wherein the repeating hexapeptide
      occurs.

PMID- 681351
TI  - Conversion of rat pre-proalbumin to proalbumin in vitro by ascites membranes.
      Demonstration by NH2-TERMINAL SEQUENCE ANALYSIS.
AB  - Rat liver poly(A)-containing RNA was translated in an ascites cell-free system.
      Labeled protein precipitable by antibody directed against rat serum albumin was
      identified as pre-proalbumin based on its size and partial NH2-terminal sequence.
      However, when an ascites membrane fraction was added to the translation reaction,
      the albumin antibody-precipitable material was smaller than pre-proalbumin.
      Partial NH2-terminal sequence analysis of this protein revealed that it was
      proalbumin. Conversion of pre-proalbumin to proalbumin by the ascites membrane
      fraction was complete and precise--i.e. no serum albumin was observed.
      Reconstitution in vitro of the processing of pre-proalbumin to its stable
      intracellular form, proalbumin, provides a method for studying the initial
      proteloytic event involved in secretion of rat serum albumin.

PMID- 681353
TI  - Reconstitution of hybrid toxin from Fragment A of diphtheria toxin and a subunit
      of Wistaria floribunda lectin.
AB  - A hybrid protein was prepared in which Fragment A of diphtheria toxin was linked
      to a monovalent subunit of the lectin from Wistaria floribunda seeds by a
      disulfide bridge. The hybrid molecule was reconstituted effectively from a
      reduced mixture of Fragment A and the lectin subunit by oxidation with o
      phenanthroline and CuSO4. The monovalent hybrid protein was partially purified
      and found to be toxic to L cells. The toxicity of the hybrid protein on the cells
      was blocked by the addition of either N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, which
      specifically binds to the lectin, or by anti-Fragment A antibody.

PMID- 681354
TI  - Synthesis of preprolactin and conversion to prolactin in intact cells and a cell
      free system.
AB  - Monolayer cultures of pituitary cells were pulse-labeled with [3H]leucine for
      several minutes and the incorporated radioactivity was analyzed by
      immunoprecipitation and electrophoresis on sodium dodecyl sulfate containing
      polyacrylamide gels. Following a 3-min labeling period, a peak of radioactivity
      with a mobility similar to that of preprolactin was observed, as well as
      radioactivity co-migrating with prolactin. Competition with unlabeled prolactin
      demonstrated the specificity of the immunoprecipitation reaction. After 5 min of
      pulse-labeling followed by 5-min chase in medium with unlabeled leucine, only a
      product with the mobility of prolactin remained. Addition of a membrane fraction
      from dog pancreas to a wheat germ cell-free translation system containing
      pituitary mRNA resulted in the conversion of preprolactin to prolactin. Partial
      sequence analysis demonstrated that the processed product contained the correct
      NH2 terminus of prolactin. Thus, both intact pituitary cells and a cell-free
      heterologous system are able to synthesize preprolactin and cleave it to
      prolactin offering strong evidence that preprolactin is the biosynthetic
      precursor to prolactin.

PMID- 681355
TI  - Actinomycin D prevents nuclear processing of estrogen receptor.
AB  - This communication describes a novel effect of actinomycin D (AcD) in inhibiting
      the nuclear processing or turnover of estrogen receptors in the human breast
      cancer cell line. MCF-7. In the absence of AcD, estradiol treatment results in
      rapid (5 min) hormone binding and translocation of unfilled cytoplasmic receptors
      (Rc) and binding of unfilled nuclear receptors (Rn). Thereafter, filled nuclear
      receptors (RnE) progressively deplete and, by 3 to 5 h, 70% are lost or
      processed. We now show that 1 to 2 micrometer AcD or chromomycin A3, both of
      which intercalate at G-C base-pairs on DNA, selectively and completely block RnE
      processing. In contrast, estrogen binding, translocation of receptor complex, and
      RnE accumulation in the nucleus are completely insensitive to AcD inhibition. At
      1 to 2 micrometer, all other intercalators and inhibitors tested, including other
      inhibitors of transcription and replication, or inhibitors of translocation or of
      other functions, fail to prevent binding, translocation, or the nuclear
      processing step. AcD intranslocation, or the nuclear processing step. AcD
      inhibition of RnE processing is dependent on dose; at lower doses (100 nM
      decreasing to 1 nm), progressively greater RnE depletion occurs. AcD completely
      prevents RnE depletion if given together with or within 30 min after estradiol;
      at any time between 30 min and 5 h after estradiol, the processing of RnE is
      stopped instantly by addition of AcD. Because of the complexity of actinomycin
      action, several mechanisms can be proposed to explain its effect on nuclear ER
      levels.

PMID- 681356
TI  - Formation of phenylalanine transfer RNA lacking the wye base in Vero cells during
      methionine starvation.
AB  - Vero, a cell line derived from African green monkey kidney, normally contains a
      single species of tRNAPhe (tRNA2Phe), containing a hypermodified base, wye
      (originally called Y), next to the 3' end of the anticodon. When methionine is
      removed from the growth medium, there appears a new tRNAPhe species (tRNA1Phe)
      lacking the wye base and eluting early from reversed phase chromatography
      columns. Its appearance is not due to the cessation of cell growth. Addition of
      methionine to cells containing both species of tRNAPhe leads to the disappearance
      of tRNA1Phe. When [methyl-3H5methionine is added in the presence of actinomycin
      D, which blocks new RNA synthesis, label appears in the wye base of tRNA2Phe.
      These results are consistent with the model that tRNA1Phe is an undermodifed
      precursor of tRNA2Phe and that methionine is required for modification to the
      mature form.

PMID- 681357
TI  - A photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization study of pancreatic
      phospholipase A2. NMR assignment of some aromatic residues.
AB  - Application of the photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization technique
      to porcine pancreatic phospholipase A2 and its precursor resulted in the
      observation of nuclear spin polarization for the single tryptophan and 2 tyrosine
      residues. Using selectively nitrated enzymes, the tyrosine resonances could be
      assigned to residues 69 and 123. Both tryptophan-3 and tyrosine-69 are of
      particular interest because they are part of the lipid binding site.

PMID- 681358
TI  - Production of a covalent flavin linkage in lipoamide dehydrogenase. Reaction with
      8-Cl-FAD.
AB  - A method is described for preparation of apolipoamide dehydrogenase which gives
      quantitative removal of FAD. Active holoenzyme can be reconstituted by incubation
      with FAD. Reconstitution of apoenzyme with 8-Cl-FAD results in the fixation of
      most of the flavin to the protein in a covalently bound form. The portion
      noncovalently bound was shown to be unmodified 8-Cl-FAD. The covalently bound
      flavin has an absorption spectrum quite different from that of 8-Cl-FAD. It has a
      single band in the visible with a maximum at 459 nm (extinction coefficient of 22
      mM-1 cm-1) and a shoulder at 480 nm. Model reactions between 8-Cl-Flavin
      (riboflavin or FAD) and organic thiols (thiophenol, beta-mercaptoethanol, or N
      acetylcysteine) give products with spectra which are similar to that of FAD
      covalently bound to lipoamide dehydrogenase. The products of the model reactions
      have a single visible band with a maximum at 480 nm (extinction coefficient of
      23.6 mM-1 cm-1 to 28.4 mM-1 cm-1) and a shoulder at 460 nm. The products of the
      model reaction and the covalently bound FAD of lipoamide dehydrogenase appear to
      be the result of a nucleophilic attack on the carbon at position 8 of the flavin
      ring by a thiolate anion, displacing the chloride. Thus, the product of the model
      reaction is 8-(RS)-flavin, and the product of the reaction between 8-Cl-FAD and
      protein probably has a cysteinyl residue covalently attacked at position 8 of
      FAD. Reconstitution of apoliopoamide dehydrogenase with 8-Cl-FAD gives two enzyme
      products which are fractionated by ammonium sulfate. Enzyme fractionating between
      20% and 45% ammonium sulfate is monomeric and contains covanently bound FAD.
      Enzyme fractionating between 55% and 75% ammonium sulfate is dimeric and contains
      both covalently bound FAD and noncovalently bound 8-Cl-FAD. Both protein
      fractions contain one FAD per protein subunit and both are active with
      physiological substrates with Km values for NAD and dihydrolipoamide similar to
      those of native lipoamide dehydrogenase. The maximum turnover rates differ
      dramatically. Enzyme fractionating between 55% and 75% ammonium sulfate has a
      Vmax which is 61 times slower than native enzyme. Enzyme fractionating between
      20% and 45% ammonium sulfate has a Vmax which is 7400 times slower than native
      enzyme. These slower rates are partially explainable by the oxidation-reduction
      potentials of the modified enzymes. Both covalently bound FAD and noncovalently
      bound FAD appear to reside in the native flavin binding site of the enzyme.
      However, once dimerization of the protien has taken place, the noncovalently
      bound 8-Cl-FAD cannot be induced to form a covalent bond with the protein except
      under protein denaturing conditions. The implications of these findings are
      discussed.

PMID- 681359
TI  - Stabilizing effect of various organic solvents on protein.
AB  - The rate of denaturation of hemaglobin and other proteins by mechanical shaking
      is strongly affected by organic solvents. A group pf solvents,including alcohols
      and ketones, was found to stabilize proteins at low concentrations, although
      these same organic solvents denatured proteins at high concentrations. The
      stabilizing effect of alcohols increased with increasing chain lenghts. The
      second group of solvents, including toluene and chloroform, showed only a
      destabilizing effect, while the third group of solvents such as formamide and
      pentane had no effect over a wide range of concentrations. Organic solvents may
      be used to protect or denature a specific protein in solutions containing various
      proteins.

PMID- 681360
TI  - Structure of the altered oligosaccharide present in glycoproteins from a clone of
      Chinese hamster ovary cells deficient in N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase
      activity.
AB  - Clone 15B cells, derived from Chinese hamster ovary cells and deficient in a
      specific UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:glycoprotein N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase
      activity, synthesize glycoproteins with altered oligosaccharide units.
      Glycopeptides prepared from these glycoproteins contain large quantities of a
      glycopeptide with the composition (Man)5(GlcNAc)2-Asn whereas parent cells have
      only small amounts of this glycopeptide. The structure of the glycopeptide was
      determined by the combination of methylation analysis, acetolysis, Smith
      periodate degradation, and alpha- and beta-mannosidase digestion. Its complete
      structure is Manalpha 1 leads to 6[Manalpha1 leads to 3]-Manalpha1 leads to
      6[Manalpha 1 leads to 3]-Manbeta1 leads to 4 GlcNAcbeta1 leads to 4 GlcNAc leads
      to Asn-peptide. The structures of two other glycopeptides found in smaller
      quantities in clone 15B but not detected in the parent cells were determined and
      are Manalpha 1 leads to 6 [Manalpha 1 leads to 3]-Manalpha1 leads to 6Manbeta 1
      leads to 4 GlcNAcbeta 1 leads to 4GlcNAc-Asn-peptide and Manalpha 1 leads to 3
      Manalpha 1 leads to 6[Manalpha 1 leads to 3] Manbeta 1 leads to 4GlcNAcbeta 1
      leads to 4GlcNAc-Asn-peptide. It is proposed that the (Man)5(GlcNAc)2-Asn unit is
      the physiologic acceptor for the particular N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase which
      is deficient in clone 15B cells and that this reaction is necessary for complex
      oligosacchari-e biosynthesis.

PMID- 681361
TI  - Dansylaziridine-labeled troponin C. A fluorescent probe of Ca2+ binding to the
      Ca2+-specific regulatory sites.

PMID- 681362
TI  - The dissociation of NO from nitrosylhemoglobin.
AB  - The reaction between nitrosylhemoglobin and an excess of deoxymyoglobin has been
      used to study the kinetics of ligand dissociation from Hb4(NO)4 and Hb4(no)1
      species. The kinetics of the dissociation of the first NO molecule from Hb4(no)4
      was studied by the ligand replacement method. The results indicate that: (a) the
      ligand dissociation reaction in Hb4(NO)4 is a cooperative process. This is
      consistent with the results of Moore and Gibson (Moore, E.G., and Gibson, Q.H.
      (1977) J. Biol. Chem. 251, 2788-2794). (b) alpha and beta chains in the T state
      formed by adding IHP to Hb4(NO)4 show kinetic heterogeneity. (c) A similar
      kinetic heterogeneity is shown by alpha and beta chains in the species Hb4NO in
      the absence of IHP.(d) The value for the NO dissociation rate constant calculated
      from the slow phases observed in (b) and (c) is similar to that estimated for the
      R state. These results suggest that the R  to T transition brought about with or
      without inositol hexaphosphate changes the ligand affinity of one type of the
      chains much more than of the other. On the basis of IR and EPR studies, it is
      suggested that alpha chains undergo larger functional changes in R to T
      transition (or vice versa) in nitrosylhemoglobin. The kinetic parameters for HbNO
      are compared with those of HbO2 and HbCO and the implications of the results for
      the reaction mechanism are discussed.

PMID- 681363
TI  - Purification and properties of cystathionine beta-synthase from human liver.
      Evidence for identical subunits.
AB  - Cystathionine beta-synthase has been purified from human liver more than 3000
      fold by a series of steps including high speed centrifugation, ammonium sulfate
      fractionation, chromatography on hydroxylapatite and DEAE-cellulose, gel
      filtration, preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and glycerol density
      gradient centrifugation. The enzyme obtained is homogeneous as judged by
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in four different systems: native, isoelectric
      focusing, in sodium dodecyl sulfate, and in 8 M urea. The native enzyme has an
      estimated molecular weight of 94,000 and is composed of two apparently identical
      subunits of 48,000. The pure enzyme has a specific activity of 160 units/mg of
      protein and contains tightly bound cofactor, pyridoxal 5' -phosphate. It is
      possesses serine sulfhydrase as well as cystathionine synthase activity. It has a
      broad pH optimum from 8.4 to 9.0, apparent Km values for L-serine of 1.15 mM and
      for L-homocysteine of 0.59 mM, and a pI of 5.2 The enzyme is stable over a pH
      range from 6.5 to 8.0 in phosphate buffers and can be stored in 40% glycerol at 
      15 degrees C for at least 1 month.

PMID- 681364
TI  - Detection and relative quantitation of mRNA for creatine kinase isoenzymes in
      mRNA from myogenic cell cultures and embryonic chicken tissues.
AB  - The presence of mRNA coding for creatine kinase M (Mck) and creatine kinase B (B
      CK) in RNA from myogenic and fibrogenic cell cultures, embryonic muscle, and
      embryonic brain tissue was demonstrated by "in vitro" translation in a
      heterologous cell-free protein-synthesizing system from rabbit reticulocytes. The
      products were isolated by sensitive immunochemical methods and their identity
      with isolated M-CK and B-CK was shown by the following criteria: (a) the in vitro
      synthesized creatine kinases react with the specific antibody against these
      antigens; (b) the labeled peptides co-migrate with purified creatine kinase on
      sodium dodecyl sulfate gels in single bands; (c) the labeled peptides form homo-
      and heterodimers with isolated enzymatically active creatine kinase, thus
      behaving like authentic creatine kinases. The assay was shown to be reproducible
      and gave a linear response with increasing amounts of RNA, allowing relative
      quantitation of mRNA in polysomal RNA for the creatine kinases M and B. MRNA for
      M-CK was detected in polusomal RAN and total cellular RNA from myogenic cells. It
      is also present in polysomal RNA from enbryonic muscle and the fraction binding
      to oligo(dT)-cellulose. mRNA for B-CK could be found in RNA extracted from young
      myogenic cultures and the fraction of polysomal embryonic brain RNA binding to
      oligo(dT)-cellulose.

PMID- 681365
TI  - Localization of the arginine tRNA gene to the D segment of T5 bacteriophage DNA.
      A new procedure for producing duplex DNA fragments.
AB  - The tRNA genes of bacteriophage T5 are located in four clusters on the continuous
      heavy DNA strand (Chen, M.-J., Locker, J., and Weiss, S.B. (1976) J. Biol. Chem.
      251, 536--547). Three of the four clusters are within the DNA C segment; the
      fourth cluster, to which only tRNAArg has been localized, maps in a 3.02 kilobase
      (kb) region of which 1.99 kb are at the right end of the C segment and 1.03 kb at
      the left end of the D segment. In order to localize the tRNAArg gene further and
      to define its relationship to the C-D nick, we devised a suitable method for
      preparing T5 DNA fragments whose ends correspond to the position of the T5 DNA
      nicks contained in the light DNA strand. In this method, DNA is denatured,
      partially renatured, and digested with low concentrations of S1 nuclease. Agarose
      gel electrophoresis of these digests gives a pattern of bands which correlate in
      size with the pattern expected from the nicked structure of T5 DNA. Annealing of
      individual purified T5 [35P]tRNA species to the T5 DNA fragments transferred to
      nitrocellulose filters shows that tRNAArg hybridizes exclusively to the D
      fragment and is therefore localized to 1.03 kb at the 5' (left) end of the heavy
      strand of the D segment. This finding suggests that the promotor for this early
      gene is to the right of the C-D nick in T5 DNA; hence, the C-D nick does not
      coincide with this early promotor.

PMID- 681366
TI  - Mutagenesis at a specific position in a DNA sequence.
AB  - Predefined changes in a known DNA sequence were introduced by a general method.
      Oligodeoxyribonucleotides complementary to positions 582 to 593 of the viral DNA
      strand of the bacteriophage phiX174 am3 mutant (pGTATCCTACAAA), and to the wild
      type sequence in this region (pGTATCCTACAAA), were synthesized and used as
      specific mutagens. Each of these oligonucleotides was incorporated into a
      complete circular complementary strand when used as primer on a genetically
      heterologous viral strand template, by the combined action of subtilisin-treated
      Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I and T4 DNA ligase. Incomplete duplexes were
      removed or were inactivated by nuclease S1 and the products were used to
      transfect spheroplasts of E. coli. Both oligonucleotides induced specific
      mutations at high efficiency when used with heterologous template (15% mutants
      among progeny phage). The am phages isolated by this procedure are phenotypically
      gene E mutants, and contain A at position 587 of the viral strand. They thus
      appear identical with am3 and provide evidence that the change G leads to A at
      position 587 is sufficient to produce a defective E function. Since the template
      for the induction of am mutants carried another genetic marker (sB1), the strains
      carrying the induced mutations have the new genotype am3 sB1. It should be
      possible to introduce the am3 mutation into any known mutant strain of phi174
      using this same oligonucleotide. Both possible transition mutations were induced
      in these experiments. In principle, the method could also induce transversions,
      insertions, and deletions. The method should be applicable to other circular DNAs
      of similar size, for example recombinant DNA plasmids.

PMID- 681367
TI  - Migration of 40 S ribosomal subunits on messenger RNA in the presence of edeine.
AB  - The antibiotic edenine induces binding of multiple 40 S ribosomes to reovirus
      messenger RNAs, producing complexes that sediment rapidly in glycerol gradients.
      Rapidly sedimenting complexes were also obtained with tobacco mosaic virus RNA
      and rabbit globin mRNA in the presence of edeine. Following ribonuclease
      digestion of the heavy complexes, nuclease-resistant 32P-labeled reovirus
      fragments protected by 40 S ribosomes in the presence of edeine were recovered
      and fingerprinted. The sequence complexity of the protected material supports the
      interpretation that 40 S subunits are distributed at many internal sites in each
      messenger RNA. Additional experiments indicate that binding of the multiple 40 S
      subunits occurs from a single "entry site" which involves the 5' terminus of the
      message. This, in turn, implies that in the presence of edeine 40 S ribosomes are
      able to move along the mRNA chain, attaching initially near the 5' end, then
      advancing to make room for the next subunit. We suggest that in the absence of
      antibiotics, also, a 40 S ribosome might bind near the 5' terminus and then
      advance, stopping where it encounters the first AUG triplet. The effect of edeine
      might be to interfere with the AUG recognition process, thus allowing the 40 S
      ribosome to continue unhalted along the message. The present experiments with
      edeine provide the first direct evidence that 40 S ribosomal subunits are capable
      of moving along the mRNA chain.

PMID- 681368
TI  - The chemical synthesis and biological evaluation of [1-L-alanine-A]-and [1-D
      alanine-A]insulins.

PMID- 681369
TI  - Microporous glassy fillers for dental composites.
AB  - A microporous filler giving greatly improved finish ability, systemic nontoxic X
      ray opacification, low thermal expansion (27.2 x 10(-6)/degrees C), and
      satisfactory translucencies has been developed for dental composite resin
      restorations. These fillers are prepared from frits obtained by the low
      temperature calcination of gelled inorganic sols followed by a pulsed high
      temperature treatment. Composites prepared from these fillers are within the
      range of commercial products with regard to strength and setting contraction.

PMID- 681370
TI  - The effect of antibiotic additions on the mechanical properties of acrylic
      cement.
AB  - Early work on hip prosthesis showed that the metal component would loosen in bone
      even when screws were used. This practice resulted in the death and resorption of
      the bone; thus cement was used in orthopedic surgery for firm implantation of
      prostheses. In recent years antibiotics have been added to the cement as a
      prophylaxis against infection. This research investigates the effects of
      antibiotics on the diametral tensile and compression strength of the cement.
      Samples made with 2 g of antibiotic per surgical packet of bone cement containing
      the antibiotics gentamicin, keflin, and a combination of the two were tested.
      These samples were aged at ambient temperature for periods of 1 day and 1, 2, 8,
      13, and over 30 weeks. A stastical analysis using a two-way analysis of variance
      with interaction was conducted. It was concluded that the compression strength
      was affected by the antibiotic, and not by the aging period, but that there is an
      antibiotic-aging period interaction. The tensile strength is not affected by
      either the antibiotic or the aging period, and there is an antibiotic-aging
      period interaction. Current work being conducted will analyze additional factors
      and interactions.

PMID- 681371
TI  - Antiinflammatory activities of polymers of o-metacryloyloxybenzoic acid.
AB  - Antiinflammatory activities of low- and high- molecular-weight polymers of o
      methacryloyloxybenzoic acid were compared with the antiinflammatory activity of o
      acetoxybenzoic (acetylsalicylic) acid in tests on hind-leg inflammations in rats
      induced by injection of either Freund's adjuvant or aqueous suspension of kaolin.
      The antiinflammatory activies of the orally administered polymers cooresponded to
      40-90% of the activity of o-acetoxybenzoic acid, and were not substantially
      dependent on the degree of polymerization.

PMID- 681373
TI  - The effect of surface finish on the anodic polarization of a conventional
      spherical amalgam.
AB  - The corrosion of carved, burnished, polished, and burnished--polished samples of
      a conventional spherical amalgam was studied by anodic polarization in Ringer's
      solution. The effect of the variation of the mercury content from 40 to 60 wt% on
      the corrosion of burnished or polished samples was also investigated. It was
      found that burnished and burnished--polished samples corrode the least and carved
      samples the most. The current-density peak associated with gamma2 was of greater
      magnitude in polished specimens than in burnished specimens throughout the range
      of mercury concentrations investigated. It is hypothesized that lower porosity
      and more ready passivation of the surface due to a high amount of gamma2 are the
      reasons that burnished samples corroded less than polished samples in this anodic
      polarization test.

PMID- 681372
TI  - In vitro clot formation on the polyelectrolyte complexes of sodium dextran
      surface with chitosan.

PMID- 681374
TI  - Experimental infections along subcutaneous conduits.
AB  - To determine whether progressive infection along percutaneous conduits (PC)
      usually leads to infection of cardiac assist devices, two PCs each were implanted
      into the subcutis of 11 dogs. One month later, one end of one conduit was
      inoculated with either E. coli or S. aureus. The resulting infections in all dogs
      progressed little during the first two weeks and in 10 of the 11 animals involved
      less than 40% of the total length of the PC. Bacteriological tests one month
      after the infecting organisms were introduced showed that they were no longer
      present at the site of inoculation in 4 of the 11 dogs and no bacteria were found
      at the opposite end of the inoculated PCs or in the noninoculated PCs.
      Histological observations confirmed these results and indicated that in all
      animals encapsulation of the infected area prevented its further enlargement.

PMID- 681375
TI  - Etchants for the tin--mercury phase of dental amalgam.

PMID- 681376
TI  - Growth and development of the acetabulum in the normal child. Anatomical,
      histological, and roentgenographic studies.
AB  - Postmortem studies of ten normal full-term infants and of three children, seven,
      nine, and fourteen years old, showed that the acetabular cartilage complex is a
      unit that is triradiate medially and cup-shaped laterally and is interposed
      between the ilium, ischium, and pubis. This complex is composed of epiphyseal
      growth-plate cartilage adjacent to these bones, of articular cartilage adjacent
      to these bones, of articular cartilage around the acetabular cavity, and, for the
      most part, of hyaline carilage. Interstitial growth within the triradiate part of
      the cartilage complex causes the hip socket to expand during growth. The
      concavity of the acetabulum develops in response to the presence of the spherical
      femoral head. The depth of the acetabulum increased during development as the
      result of interstitial growth in the acetabular cartilage, of appositional growth
      at the periphery of this cartilage, and of periosteal new-bone formation at the
      acetabular margin. At puberty, three secondary centers of ossification appear in
      the hyaline cartilage surrounding the acetabular cavity. These centers are
      homologous with other epiphyses in the skeleton. The os acetabuli, which is the
      epiphysis of the os pubis, forms the anterior wall of the acetabulum. The
      epiphysis of the ilium, which has been called the acetabular epiphysis, forms a
      good part of the superior wall of the acetabulum. A small epiphysis of the
      ischium was seen in the oldest patient, who was fourteen years old. The bone in
      these epiphyses expands toward the periphery of the acetabulum and thus
      contributes to its increase in depth.

PMID- 681377
TI  - Morphology of the acetabulum in congenital dislocation of the hip. Gross,
      histological and roentgenographic studies.
AB  - At autopsy, the hips of six infants who died soon after birth and had unilateral
      congenital hip dysplasia were found to have a cartilaginous ridge in the
      acetabulum which separated the hip socket into two sections. In two of the hips
      with a moderate degree of dysplasia and in one completely dislocated hip the
      ridge was formed exclusively by a bulge of acetabular cartilage. In three
      completely dislocated hips the ridge was formed by a bulge of acetabular
      cartilage covered by the inverted labrum. The acetabular cartilage showed signs
      of degeneration whereas the triradiate cartilage was normal. Examination of many
      newborn infants indicated that hip "clicks" are common and are not diagnostic of
      hip dysplasia. This diagnosis should be made only when the femoral head slides
      with a jolt over the acetabular ridge, causing a true positive Ortolani sign.
      Scattered ossification centers in the acetabular cartilage were seen on the
      roentgenograms of nearly half of fifty-nine hips with congenital dislocation
      reduced after the child was two years old, but less frequently in hips reduced at
      an earlier age.

PMID- 681378
TI  - Computed tomography. Its use in space-occupying lesions of the musculoskeletal
      system.
AB  - The value of computed tomography in the diagnosis and management of lesions of
      the musculoskeletal system is being determined. Illustrative cases including a
      lipoma of the thigh, osteochondroma of the hip, simple cyst of the ilium,
      recurrent liposarcoma of the lumbar spine, desmoid tumor in the gluteal region,
      and postoperative interspace infection of the lumbar spine are presented to
      indicate the potential value of this procedure in the diagnosis and planning of
      treatment of musculoskeletal lesions.

PMID- 681379
TI  - Improved fixation of the femoral component after total hip replacement using a
      methacrylate intramedullary plug.
AB  - When the distal part of the medullary canal of the femur was plugged with a bolus
      of methylmethacrylate prior to the insertion of cement and femoral component,
      fixation of the prosthesis was improved in vitro. A special syringe was devised
      to introduce the plug at the desired level. When the plug was used, the
      penetration of the cement into the trabecular bone lining the canal was
      increased, and subsequent push-out tests showed that the force necessary to
      disrupt the methacrylate from the bone was significantly greater. Casts of the
      methacrylate from femora with and without plugged canals showed that the surfaces
      of the casts made with the canal plugged conformed much more completely with the
      irregularities of the bone and provided more intimate contact at the cement-bone
      interface.

PMID- 681380
TI  - The development of a computational stress analysis of the femoral head. Mapping
      tensile, compressive, and shear stress for the varus and valgus positions.
AB  - Using a computer-based, two-dimensional finite-element analysis which has wide
      application to problems involving the hip joint, alterations in the distribution
      of stress in the femoral head consequent to varus and valgus osteotomy were
      studied. The mathematical model used in this analysis incorporated experimentally
      measured spatial variations in the stiffness of the bone of the femoral head and
      neck. These variations led to patterns of load transmission that were strikingly
      different from those in a homogeneous material. Because of their lower stiffness,
      the central region of the head and the medullary region of the neck make very
      little contribution to weight-bearing, regardless of the orientation of the
      femoral head. In the neutral configuration (normal neck-shaft angle), the lateral
      cortex of the neck is in slight tension, while the medial cortex is under strong
      compression and provides the support for the over-all load on the joint. With
      increasing valgus angulation, the bending component of the joint load disappears
      progressively, and when the valgus angulation is 30 degrees in excess of normal
      essentially equal compressive stresses prevail in both cortices. Varus osteotomy
      exaggerates the bending component relative to the compressive component of the
      load. The computed stress patterns in the femoral head and neck for the normal
      neck-shaft angle show elevations of shear stress where the lateral epiphyseal
      artery enters and branches within the femoral head. This finding may be
      significant since this region is the area at risk of infarction in both Legg
      Perthes disease in children and idiopathic aseptic necrosis in adults. Since a 30
      degree varus angulation induces tensile stresses in the lateral cortex of the
      neck that are increased fourfold above those for the neutral configuration, it is
      postulated that force transmitted through the femur when the hip is in abduction
      could produce shear fractures of the bone in the region of the central branch of
      the lateral epiphyseal artery and thus occlude this vessel and initiate aseptic
      necrosis of the femoral head.

PMID- 681381
TI  - The role of mitochondria in growth plate calcification as demonstrated in a
      rachitic model.
AB  - In a phosphate-vitamin D-deficiency rachitic model in rats, potassium
      pyroantimonate was employed as a histochemical stain for calcium at the
      ultrastructural level in the costochondral growth plates. In the control plates,
      there was a shift of calcium from an intracellular, mainly mitochondrial location
      in the top part of the zone of hypertrophic cells to an extracellular, mainly
      matrix-vesicle location in the bottom part of the zone of hypertrophic cells. In
      the rachitic plates, mitochondria and cell membranes throughout the bottom of the
      hypertrophic zone remained heavily loaded with calcium. After treatment with
      phosphate was started, the mitochondria and cell membranes at the bottom of the
      hypertrophic zone rapidly lost calcium and matrix calcification began. Thus, in
      the normal growth plate, matrix calcification begins at the level in the plate
      where mitochondria lose calcium; in rickets, the matrix does not calcify and
      mitochondria do not lose calcium; and in healing rickets, calcification begins in
      the matrix at the bottom of the hypertrophic zone as the mitochondria at that
      level lose calcium. These findings support the hypothesis that mitochondria play
      an important role in matrix calcification.

PMID- 681382
TI  - Bilateral total hip-replacement arthroplasty in one stage.
AB  - We reviewed 122 single-stage bilateral total hip replacements as compared with
      two other regimens: bilateral total hip replacement performed in stages during
      the same hospitalization and during separate hospitalizations. When compared with
      the single procedures, the duration of surgery in the one-stage procedure was not
      quite doubled while the blood loss was increased by about one-third and the
      length of stay by about one week. However, the total length of stay in the
      hospital was reduced by about one-half in comparison with single-admission two
      stage replacements and the incidence of local and systemic complications was
      similar for all three groups, as were the clinical and roentgenographic results.
      There was one death in the single-stage group due to massive fat embolus.

PMID- 681383
TI  - Skeletal metastases of melanoma.
AB  - Sixteen hundred and seventy-seven melanoma patients were treated at Duke
      University Medical Center from 1956 to 1976. Osseous metastases were more common
      than previously reported and occurred in 116 patients (6.9 per cent), most often
      in the axial skeleton. Diagnosis was made by roentgenogram, bone scan, or both in
      the symptomatic patient. Seventy-five patients sustained pathological fractures,
      most of which were successfully treated conservatively. Nine of the ten patients
      with neurological symptoms were improved by laminectomy. The grave prognosis for
      melanoma patients with osseous metastases (mean survival, 3.6 months) led to
      conservatism even for an impending pathological fracture. Unstable pathological
      fractures of long bones were treated by internal fixation and irradiation.

PMID- 681384
TI  - Supracondylar fracture of the humerus in children.
AB  - Seventy-eight supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children were reviewed to
      compare four kinds of treatment: closed reduction and immobilization in a cast or
      splint, overhead skeletal traction, side-arm skeletal traction, and Dunlop's skin
      traction. The skeletal traction device usually used was a winged screw of our own
      design. The arms treated in overhead traction had significantly less change in
      carrying angle than those treated in side-arm traction. Significant changes in
      carrying angle were encountered in three instances of medially impacted so-called
      non-displaced fractures. There were two instances of significant carrying-angle
      change due to overgrowth of the lateral aspect of the distal part of the humerus.
      Overhead traction, utilizing a winged traction screw, was the most effective
      method of treatment that we found. There were no instances of Volkmann's ischemic
      contracture.

PMID- 681385
TI  - Surgical treatment of displaced supracondylar fractures of the humerus in
      children. Analysis of fifty-two cases followed for five to fifteen years.
AB  - Long-term review of fifty-two displaced supracondylar humeral fractures in
      children treated by open reduction and crossed Kirschner-wire fixation
      demonstrated functional results similar to those obtained by closed methods, but
      fewer and milder cases of cubitus varus deformity (only 25 per cent of patients).
      The deformity appeared to result from faulty reduction with medial angulation of
      the distal fragment. Surgical treatment of these fractures may offer, as its
      principal advantages: reduced hospitalization time, fewer sequelae, more stable
      fixation, and slightly better anatomical results. No infections or other specific
      complications (such as myositis ossificans or Volkmann's contracture) were
      encountered.

PMID- 681386
TI  - Thermal deformation of polyethylene in a total knee prosthesis.

PMID- 681387
TI  - In vivo knee stability. A quantitative assessment using an instrumented clinical
      testing apparatus.
AB  - Twenty-eight male and twenty-one female subjects with no history of previous
      injury to their knees were examined using a newly developed clinical testing
      apparatus designed to record anterior-posterior tibial force versus displacement
      and varus-valgus moment versus angulation during manual manipulation of the knee.
      Joint stiffness and laxity were measured from test tracings made with the knee
      muscles relaxed and tensed. Agreement between these measurements and those made
      previously on thirty-five fresh cadaver knee specimens was very good. Anterior
      posterior laxity averaged 3.7 millimeters in full extension, 5.5 in 20 degrees of
      flexion, and 4.8 millimeters in 90 degrees of flexion, while the mean varus
      valgus laxity was 6.7 degrees in full extension. The common clinical assumption
      that normal right-left differences are negligible was found to be invalid.
      Individual right-left differences averaged 26 to 35 per cent for laxity and 19 to
      24 per cent for stiffness. There was no discernible tendency for one knee to be
      more stable than the other; random interchanges of relative stability between the
      right and left knees were observed for each individual at different knee
      positions. When requested to tense the knee muscles, these subjects were able to
      increase their knee stiffness an average of two to four times while knee laxity
      was reduced to 25 to 50 per cent of the normal value.

PMID- 681388
TI  - Disarticulation of the knee. A follow-up report.

PMID- 681389
TI  - The snapping knee of infancy.
AB  - Three infants with generalized joint laxity and a negative family history had
      painful episodes of snapping of one or both knees caused by involuntary,
      momentary lateral subluxation of the tibia. These episodes of subluxation
      appeared to be due to involuntary contraction of the biceps femoris muscle. Older
      children learned to produce the phenomenon voluntarily. Treatment should be
      symptomatic, since the two children who were followed gradually stopped having
      involuntary subluxations.

PMID- 681390
TI  - The repair of chronic massive ruptures of the rotator cuff of the shoulder by use
      of a freeze-dried rotator cuff.
AB  - In sixteen patients with massive tears of the rotator cuff of the shoulder,
      bridging of the defect with a freeze-dried graft of a rotator cuff from a cadaver
      produced a satisfactory repair in all cases. A good or excellent functional
      result was obtained in all but two patients, with a definite decrease or absence
      of nocturnal pain in all sixteen. The operative technique includes avoidance of a
      complete acromionectomy and an adequate suture of the deltoid muscle to the
      acromion after an acromioplasty.

PMID- 681391
TI  - Osseous hydatidosis.
AB  - Nineteen patients with osseous hydatidosis were treated over a period of thirteen
      years. There were four deaths. Ten patients became asymptomatic. The treatment
      used was either curetage or resection, often repeatedly, and protracted lavage of
      the wound with ethacridine. Five patients received a desensitization treatment
      (hydatin), but the results in these cases were indeterminate as far as the action
      of the drug was concerned.

PMID- 681392
TI  - Brachial plexus birth palsies. Results of tendon transfers to the rotator cuff.

PMID- 681393
TI  - Malignant hemangioendothelioma of bone. Review of the literature and report of
      two cases.

PMID- 681394
TI  - Pyomyositis mimicking malignant tumor. Three case reports.

PMID- 681395
TI  - Herniation of the bladder. An unusual complication of traumatic diastasis of the
      pubis.

PMID- 681396
TI  - Traumatic chylothorax, a complication of fracture-dislocation of the spine. A
      case report.

PMID- 681397
TI  - Fracture of the coracoid process of the scapula.

PMID- 681398
TI  - Aneurysmal bone cyst of the patella. A case report.

PMID- 681399
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis of intrauterine fetal fracture. A case report.

PMID- 681400
TI  - Traumatic avulsion of the finger nail associated with injury to the phalangeal
      epiphyseal plate.

PMID- 681401
TI  - Knee replacement 1978.

PMID- 681402
TI  - The future of polyethylene.

PMID- 681404
TI  - A knee function assessment chart. From the British Orthopaedic Association
      Research Sub-Committee.

PMID- 681403
TI  - The training of orthotists.

PMID- 681406
TI  - The Liverpool Mark II knee prosthesis. A preliminary report.
AB  - This is a preliminary report of the results of knee joint replacements using the
      Liverpool Mark II knee joint system which consists of a bicondylar prosthesis and
      a set of stereotactic instruments. The prosthesis has been developed from
      Gunston's concept, and the special instruments ensure its accurate insertion
      through meniscectomy-type incisions placed on either side of the patella.
      Particular features of the prosthesis are near-normal articulation, and the
      simplicity of the operation. Sixty-two knee replacements were implanted in forty
      two patients between the spring of 1974 and January 1977. After the operation
      fifty-six knees were painless and four others produced only slight pain. Full
      extension was obtained in fifty-eight knees, and none showed a valgus or varus
      deformity. Collateral laxity was absent in all knees. There were two failures.
      These early results are most encouraging.

PMID- 681405
TI  - Manchester knee arthroplasty.
AB  - The results of fifty-one Manchester knee arthroplasties in forty-one patients are
      reviewed and discussed. Excellent and good results were obtained in 85.4 per cent
      of arthroplasties. Varus and valgus deformity can be corrected and stability
      preserved or restored. Complications occurred in only twelve patients but
      resolved in all except one.

PMID- 681408
TI  - The Stanmore hinged knee arthroplasty.
AB  - The Stanmore hinged total knee replacement was introduced in 1969 for severe
      destructive arthropathy of the knee, and the results of one hundred consecutive
      operations are presented after an average interval of two and a half years.
      Insertion of the prosthesis relieved pain in 94 per cent, improved the range of
      movement in 67 per cent, invariably restored stability and corrected valgus or
      varus deformity. Gross flexion contractures were improved but not always fully
      corrected. Serious complications were few, though of three cases of deep
      infection two came to amputation and one to fibrous ankylosis. There were no
      mechanical failures of components of the prosthesis.

PMID- 681407
TI  - The Attenborough total knee replacement.
AB  - The stabilised gliding knee prosthesis is a compromise between hinged joints and
      condylar prostheses. It is a two-piece implant designed to allow normal gliding
      movements of flexion and extension and which, stabilised by a connecting rod
      between the femoral and tibial components, allows a designed laxity of rotation
      and lateral movements. A modification of the original femoral component is
      described. Two hundred and forty-five knee replacement operations have been done
      between January 1973 and September 1977 and the results are reported. The results
      using this prosthesis are at least equal to those using hinged or condylar
      prostheses. So far there has been no case of spontaneous loosening of the
      components and the implant can be used in patients who, because of severe
      deformities and instability, are unsuitable for condylar prostheses.

PMID- 681409
TI  - Arthroplasty of the knee.
AB  - Arthrodesis of the knee is a simple and safe operation that ensures stability and
      freedom from pain. But it is achieved at the expense of movement and occasionally
      of social acceptability. If arthroplasty is to be recommended, the advantages of
      arthrodesis must be retained, with the added bonus of a functional arc of
      movement.

PMID- 681410
TI  - ICLH arthroplasty of the knee: 1968--1977.
AB  - The essentially satisfactory results from the ICLH implant as used until 1975
      were marred by examples of loosening and sinking of the tibial implant, by
      patellar pain of varying severity, by wear of the tibial implant caused by
      fragments of cement and by failure consistently to control the alignment of the
      leg. This report describes the methods now being used to overcome these
      complications and gives an account of the success so far achieved.

PMID- 681411
TI  - Patellectomy for osteoarthritis. A study of eighty-one patients followed from two
      to twenty-two years.
AB  - Eighty-one patients treated by patellectomy for osteoarthritis have been
      reviewed. Eighty-seven knees were examined with a mean follow-up period of six
      and a half years. Clinical and radiological assessment was carried out and the
      results have been analysed. A good result was achieved in 53 per cent, a fair
      result in 26 per cent and a poor result in 21 per cent. The overall result did
      not deteriorate significantly with time and the radiological appearance of the
      tibiofemoral joint deteriorated minimally. Pain before operation, radiological
      changes at the patellofemoral and tibiofemoral joints and the duration of
      immobilisation after operation were analysed against the end-result. The only
      factor before operation that indicated a good prognosis was a minimal
      radiological change at the tibiofemoral joint. Immobilisation for at least three
      weeks after operation appeared to be beneficial.

PMID- 681412
TI  - The radiation improvement of polyethylene prostheses. A preliminary study.
AB  - The radiation crosslinking of high-density polyethylene prostheses was
      investigated over a wide range of doses in the presence and absence of gaseous
      crosslinking agents. It was found that in the bulk polymer the crosslinking
      pattern is completely different from the homogeneous crosslinking that occurs in
      polymer films. The presence of crosslinking agents causes highly crosslinked
      polymer to be formed on the surface while the bulk of the polymer is largely
      unaffected--which is explained in terms of diffusion phenomena. This surface
      crosslinking has a profound effect on the mechanical properties of the prostheses
      and restricts cold flow and deformation of the polymer without sacrificing the
      excellent abrasion-resistance properties of the polyethylene when subjected to
      high pressures. Based on this research a number of high-density polyethylene knee
      prostheses have been radiation-crosslinked and the results in vitro appear to be
      very promising.

PMID- 681413
TI  - The characteristics of acetabular cups worn in the human body.
AB  - In laboratory tests, the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene used for the
      acetabular cups of Charnley hip prostheses has a very low wear rate against
      steel. In the body radiographic measurements indicate that the polyethylene wears
      more rapidly. In order to investigate this higher wear rate, the sockets of
      acetabular cups removed at post-mortem have been examined using optical and
      electron microscopy. It has been shown that a socket wears predominantly on its
      superior part and that this is a direct consequence of the orientation of the cup
      in the body and the direction of loading of the hip. In the worn region the
      femoral head in effect bores out a new socket for itself, a process which is
      visible with the naked eye after approximately eight years. Electron microscopy
      shows that the predominant wear mechanism is adhesion, but after about eight
      years the appearance of surface cracks suggests that surface fatigue is taking
      place in addition to this. Laboratory wear tests have shown that pure surface
      fatigue is not sufficient to account for the high clinical wear rate. Other
      deformation processes are suggested and discussed with regard to the higher
      clinical wear rate.

PMID- 681414
TI  - Anterior supracondylar fracture of the humerus (flexion type). A simple technique
      for closed reduction and fixation in adults and the aged.
AB  - The management of an anterior supracondylar fracture by closed reduction,
      traction, percutaneous pinning or open reduction is seldom satisfactory,
      especially for adults and the aged with a lesser ability to remodel and a slower
      functional recovery. A new, safe, and simple technique is described in which the
      condylar mass is pushed posteriorly along the axis of the forearm and the hand is
      rotated to full supination while the elbow is held in flexion to correct
      deformities. Fixation is divided into two parts: the circular cast around the
      upper arm provides a firm buttress onto which the lower fragment is reduced and
      then the arm is immobilised in a plaster which includes the wrist. Four cases of
      delayed, comminuted, compound fractures have been fully evaluated clinically and
      radiologically and the results assessed as good or excellent.

PMID- 681415
TI  - Lower limb arthrodeses in haemophilia.
AB  - Sixteen severely haemophilic patients have undergone arthrodesis of one joint of
      the lower limb in the period 1966 to 1976. There have been nine arthrodeses of
      the knee and seven of the ankle. The follow-up period was from nine months to
      eight years. The arthrodeses were secured by internal fixation. The method was
      not without complications, but a satisfactory bony union resulted in all cases
      without further surgical intervention.

PMID- 681416
TI  - Triplane osteotomy for severely slipped upper femoral epiphysis.
AB  - Intertrochanteric osteotomy gives compensatory correction for the severely
      slipped upper femoral epiphysis without endangering its blood supply. The results
      of thirty-five such osteotomies carried out over an eighteen-year period are
      reviewed. The indication for operation was a chronic slip of a third or more of
      the growth plate in the lateral radiograph. The mean age at operation was
      fourteen years and the mean follow-up period seven and a half years. The results
      showed that even a moderate correction of deformity as shown by the radiograph
      could produce a hip with a functionally satisfactory range of movement.
      Chondrolysis was the most serious complication and occurred in four hips. The
      radiological results are discussed in relation to details of operative technique
      and also to long-term prognosis.

PMID- 681417
TI  - Replacement of the femoral head by open operation in severe adolescent slipping
      of the upper femoral epiphysis.
AB  - The stages in adolescent slipping of the upper femoral epiphysis are classified
      in relation to treatment. The operation of open replacement of the displaced
      femoral head is described, and the results of a personal series of seventy-three
      such operations are presented. Open replacement is excellent treatment for severe
      chronic slipping so long as the growth plate is still open. The greater incidence
      of avascular necrosis in acute-on-chronic cases is probably due to damage to the
      blood supply of the head at the time of the acute slip or kinking of the vessels
      before replacement. Prolonged traction before operation may increase the risk of
      chondrolysis. Late onset of osteoarthritis when neither avascular necrosis nor
      chondrolysis has occurred may be due to misfitting of the articular cartilage
      because of inaccurate reduction.

PMID- 681418
TI  - Halo-pelvic apparatus: peritoneal penetration by pelvic pins.
AB  - In a series of over 250 patients, four suffered peritoneal penetration by one of
      the pelvic pins while being put into a halo-pelvic apparatus. In each case a
      point on the iliac crest two to three centimetres posterior to the anterior
      superior iliac crest had been used as the anterior landmark for the positioning
      of the pelvic pin guide. To avoid this complication we advise that the anterior
      landmark for the guide should be the "tubercle of the crest", five centimetres or
      more posterior to the anterior superior iliac spine.

PMID- 681420
TI  - Congenital spinal extradural cyst (lateral meningocele) simulating acute
      transverse myelitis. Report of a case.
AB  - Congenital spinal extradural cysts are rare and may be the cause of acute
      paraplegia. In their clinical features they closely resemble acute transverse
      myelitis. Immediate decompression of the spinal cord and removal of the cyst may
      lead to restoration of normal function. Myelography differentiates these two
      conditions by showing a cyst in communication with the spinal canal. This
      investigation must be mandatory.

PMID- 681419
TI  - Aneurysmal bone cysts of the spine.
AB  - Aneurysmal bone cysts are uncommon lesions, especially in the spine. Seventy
      eight cases have been previously documented in the English literature and an
      additional fourteen cases are now reported. There is a definite predilection for
      the lumbar region and the neural arch is the part of the vertebra most commonly
      affected. It is recommended that treatment should consist of total excision or
      when this is not possible, curettage. Radiotherapy should be reserved for those
      few cases where operation is inadvisable.

PMID- 681421
TI  - Familial multiple non-osteogenic fibromata.
AB  - Three members of a family with a symmetrical distribution of multiple metaphysial
      lesions presented during childhood with pathological fractures and showed a
      tendency to spontaneous resolution after maturity. The histological and
      radiological features suggested multiple non-osteogenic fibromata of bone.

PMID- 681422
TI  - Bone loss in response to long-term immobilisation.
AB  - The histodynamic response to long-term "non-traumatic" immobilisation was studied
      in young adult Beagle dogs by means of radiomorphometry and histomorphometry, the
      right forelimb being encased in plaster and the left forelimb serving as a
      control. The dogs were killed at two, four, six, eight, twelve, sixteen, twenty,
      twenty-four, thirty-two and forty weeks and the third metacarpal, radius, ulna
      and humerus removed for analysis of the contributions of the periosteal,
      haversian and endosteal envelopes to the bone loss at the mid-diaphysis. The bone
      mass responded to long-term immobilisation in three stages. First there was a
      rapid initial loss of bone, reaching its maximum (some 16 per cent of original
      mass) at six weeks, to which all three bone envelopes, to some extent,
      contributed. A rapid reversal followed, the bone mass approaching the control
      values between eight and twelve weeks after immobilisation. A second stage of
      slower but longer lasting bone loss ended twenty-four to thirty-two weeks after
      immobilisation; the periosteal envelope was the main contributor (80 to 90 per
      cent of the total loss). The third stage was characterised by maintenance of the
      bone mass which had been reduced by some 30 to 50 per cent of original values.
      This pattern was qualitatively similar in all four bones but the distal bones
      lost more bone than the proximal bones. The extent of resorption surface and the
      total histologically "active" periosteal envelope increased parallel to the
      phases of bone loss. The linear mineralisation rate did not differ significantly
      between the experimental and control sides.

PMID- 681423
TI  - Hereditary hypophosphataemic rickets with autosomal recessive inheritance and
      severe osteosclerosis. A report of two cases.
AB  - We have observed congenital hypophosphataemic rickets in two sons of a marriage
      between first cousins, their mother being clinically and biochemically normal.
      Both patients are now approaching middle age. In addition to severe childhood
      rickets and lifelong hypophosphataemia, their disease is characterised by gross
      osteosclerosis with extraskeletal ossification, clinically persistent
      osteomalacia in one and spinal cord compression in the other. The genetics of
      this disease can be satisfactorily explained only on the basis of autosomal
      recessive inheritance, a mode which has only once before been reported in the
      literature. The severity of certain features, which would be expected in a
      homozygous state, may help our understanding of the more usual X-linked form.

PMID- 681424
TI  - Royal College lecture. Radiologic diagnosis of mediastinal lymph node
      enlargement.

PMID- 681425
TI  - 55 degrees posterior oblique tomography of the pulmonary hilum.

PMID- 681426
TI  - Post-injection calcification of the deltoid muscle.

PMID- 681427
TI  - Periosteal resorption of finger phalanges: radial versus ulnar surfaces.
AB  - Measurement of periosteal resorption (PR) at the radial and ulnar surfaces of the
      second, third and fourth middle phalanges of one hand in 60 normals and 61
      chronic renal failure (CRF) patients showed generally higher involvement at the
      radial than the ulnar surfaces; however, best diagnostic results were achieved
      when PR was measured at both radial and ulnar surfaces of the index finger only.
      With the quantitative method, 31 of 61 CRF patients showed changes, whereas only
      22 were identified with the grading method.

PMID- 681428
TI  - Further pitfalls in knee arthrography.
AB  - Peripheral separations of the posterior medial meniscus, diagnosed at
      arthrography, may not be recognized at arthroscopy, arthrotomy or even upon
      examination of the resected specimen. Arthrographic recognition of an oblique
      buckethandle meniscal tear may be difficult when the visualized outer fragment
      maintains a triangular appearance. Articular cartilage defects, out of profile to
      the x-ray beam, may be suspected at fluoroscopy and confirmed by additional
      views. There is an icreased incidence of chondromalacia in symptomatic
      postmeniscectomy knees. Degenerative meniscal changes without arthrographically
      recognized discrete tears are common, particularly in older individuals.
      Localized lack of definition of meniscal surfaces may be the only arthrographic
      finding. Resected specimens invariably show surface irregularities to be more
      extensive than suggested radiologivally, and frequently there are unsuspected
      associated horizontal cleavage tears. The clinical implications of degenerated
      menisci are controversial. A variety of normal synovial folds can simulate the
      anterior cruciate ligament.

PMID- 681429
TI  - Technical note evaluation of interposition mesocaval shunts by selective
      catheterization.

PMID- 681430
TI  - Visualization of vascular structures during routine nephrotomography.
AB  - Using an immediate nephrotomogram at 30 to 40 seconds, one can show the
      nephrographic phase and often visualized the renal vein, splenic vein, and portal
      vein. In a series of 200 consecutive patients, technique was adequate in 169.
      Some visualization of the renal veins was obtained in 54% and the splenic vein
      was demonstrated in 25% of the immediate nephrotomograms.

PMID- 681431
TI  - An update on radionuclide imaging in benign bone disorders.

PMID- 681432
TI  - Pitfalls to avoid. When is a fabella not a fabella?

PMID- 681433
TI  - Intramural penetration of barium--transverse colon.

PMID- 681434
TI  - Displacement of the kidneys and ureters by retroperitoneal fat.

PMID- 681435
TI  - Renal metastasis from treated seminoma.

PMID- 681436
TI  - Iatrogenic arterial injuries.
AB  - A review is presented of patients with an iatrogenic arterial injury treated
      during the period 1971 through 1976. Twelve patients sustained an arterial injury
      after diagnostic procedures, eight of them after angiography or heart
      catheterization. In three cases an injury of the radial artery was caused after
      puncture or cannulation for monitoring of blood gas values or blood pressure. In
      seven patients an arterial injury occurred after a therapeutic procedure. In two
      of them there was a lesion of the external iliac artery after gynaecological
      operations. Two other cases had an injury of the femoral artery after operation
      for varicose veins. Not infrequently, arterial injuries after diagnostic as well
      as after therapeutic procedures are not treated until in a later stage because
      they are initially overlooked. In only four patients was immediate repair carried
      out, and in fourteen correction was done later on. In all patients operated upon,
      the signs and symptoms of the iatrogenic arterial injury were controlled
      completely and the circulation could restored completely. Some late sequelae of
      arterial injuries are reviewed. In terms of prevention, the important factors are
      a sound knowledge of topographical anatomy and improvement of techniques and
      materials used with diagnostic procedures.

PMID- 681437
TI  - Comparison of expanded PTFE and vein grafts in lower extremity arterial
      reconstructions.
AB  - Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) bypasses were used in a series of arterial
      reconstructions to the popliteal artery (45) and to arteries below that level
      (11). These were performed in high-risk situations in patients who lacked a
      suitable saphenous vein. Vein bypasses were performed in a comparable series of
      high-risk situations in patients having a suitable autologous saphenous vein (45
      to the level of the popliteal artery and 11 to an artery below that level). PTFE
      patency rates at 4-14 months were 43 to 45 (96%) for the femoro-popliteal
      reconstructions (with a limb salvage rate of 39 to 45 or 87%) and 5 of 11 (45%)
      for the distal bypasses. Saphenous vein bypass patency rates at 8-14 months were
      39 of 45 (87%) for the femoropopliteal reconstructions (with a limb salvage rate
      of 36 of 45 or 80%) and 5 of 11 (45%) for the distal bypasses. These results
      justify continued use of PTFE grafts in patients without saphenous veins who
      require lower extremity arterial reconstructions for limb salvage. The exact
      place of PTFE grafts in arterial reconstructive surgery of the lower extremity
      definition based on longer periods of observation.

PMID- 681438
TI  - When can revascularization be limited to the profunda femoris alone?
AB  - Dealing with lower limbs arteriopathies with combined aorto iliac and superficial
      femoral occlusive diease and when ischemia leads to operation should an extension
      bypass to the popliteal or tibial artery be associated every time it is possible?
      The authors have investigated the results of revascularizing operation above the
      profunda femoris on 35 limbs (27 patients). On 19 limbs only, has the
      revascularization been sufficient to cure the distal ischemia. On the other 16
      limbs, a second operation was necessary 7 times an extension bypass to the
      popliteal or tibial artery, once an above knee amputation, twic a below knee
      amputation. From the comparison of these results with the degree of ischemia and
      the arteriographic aspect of the profunda femoris, the author's conclusion is
      that revascularization must extent below the profunda femoris unless the profunda
      is in good condition and there is no rest ischemia.

PMID- 681439
TI  - EXternal iliac "steal syndrome".
AB  - A case of steal syndrome in the external iliac artery characterized by distinct
      clinical symptoms and by a reversal of blood flow in the internal iliac artery
      secondary to the closure of the common iliac artery, has been described. The
      patient reported marked decrease in sexual activity and impariment of erection in
      addition to intermittent claudication of the corresponding lower extremity. He
      was able to achieve and maintain an erection only with absolute rest. The
      erection disapperaed immediately when he moved his lower extremities.
      Endarterectomy of the common external and internal iliac arteries along with an
      aortofemoral bypass, resulted in disapperrance of both claudication and his
      sexual impotence.

PMID- 681440
TI  - True aneurysm of the abdominal aorta due to blunt trauma.
AB  - This paper presents the case history of a 13-year-old boy who developed a true
      aneurysm of the abdominal aorta after a blunt abdominal trauma. A few months
      after the accident the aneurysmm was resected and replaced by a graft. Three
      previously published cases of abdominal aortic aneurysm after blunt trauma are
      briefly outlined. In each of these cases, however, a false aneurysm was involved.
      A traumatic aneurysm can develop after a penetrating or a blunt trauma, with
      complete or partial lesion of the aortic wall. Consequences of such a partial
      lesion are described. Operative treatment is required in the presence of an
      intimal flap or an aneurysm.

PMID- 681441
TI  - Paradoxical embolism.
AB  - Paradoxical embolization of venous thrombus into the abdominal aortic bifurcation
      has been diagnosed by means of aortography. Lower limb phlebothrombosis
      accounting for the embolus formation has been demonstrated by phlebography.
      Arterial embolectomy and venous thrombectomy were successfully performed.
      Recovery was complete without sequelae.

PMID- 681442
TI  - Positive and negative effects of anticoagulant treatment during and after
      arterial embolectomy.
AB  - Eighty-four consecutive patients subjected to arterial embolectomy were studied.
      Cardiac arrythmia was found in 64% of the cases. The incidence of upper limb
      embolus was 15%, and lower limb 85%. Our total results are in agreement with most
      reports--the limb salvage rate of survivors was 84%, and the amputation rate was
      16%. The primary mortality, 18%, is a rather low figure considering the high mean
      age (72 years) of the material. The prognosis after embolectomy was dependent on
      time from onset of symptoms and on the age of the patient. In the group of
      patients treated with anticoagulants the primary mortality was 7%, and in the
      untreated group 26%. The results of this investigation of patients treated with
      arterial embolectomy indicate: Adequate anticoagulant treatment during the per-
      and postoperative period decreased the primary mortality significantly, possibly
      as a result of fewer thromboembolic complications. The anticoagulant treatment
      was associated with a higher frequency of local complications as postoperative
      hemorrhage and reocclusions, which increased the frequency of reoperations and
      amputations. These drawbacks of anticoagulant treatment could possibly be
      counteracted by proper measures during the operation.

PMID- 681443
TI  - The induced hyperlipemia test.

PMID- 681444
TI  - Successful surgical management of a dissecting aneurysm of the ascending and
      transverse aorta with heart failure due to sudden, severe aortic valve
      insufficiency.
AB  - A dissecting aneurysm of the ascending and transverse aorta with heart failure
      due to sudden severe arotic valve insufficiency in a 47-year-old man has been
      treated successfully. Vasodilator therapy was done preoperatively, and then
      hemodynamics was improved markedly. A selective perfusion technique by using
      separate pumps at pre-determined flow-rates with hypothermia was utilized. The
      replacement of both the aortic valve and the ascending and transverse aorta
      involving brachiocephalic artery with a prosthetic valve and expanded polytetra
      fluoroethylene coated woven Dacron grafts was performed.

PMID- 681445
TI  - Syringe holder for constant Fogarty balloon catheter inflation.
AB  - Use of the Fogarty balloon catheter for hemostasis in vascular trauma and
      difficult vascular dissections requires constant balloon inflation. A syringe
      holder to maintain balloon inflation without requiring constant attention of an
      assistant has been designed. Other applications of the syringe holder are
      discussed, including use with endotracheal tubes, gastrointestinal tubes, and for
      Fogarty balloon occlusion of pulmonary segments.

PMID- 681446
TI  - Surgical treatment of the "parachute mitral valve" complex in infancy (report of
      a case).
AB  - The case is presented of a 15-month-old male, affected by severe mitral valve
      regurgitation associated to aortic coarctation. The surgical treatment consisted
      in replacement of the mitral valve by a Hancock prosthesis followed, at a second
      state, by resection of the coarctation. The mitral insufficiency was secondary to
      an anomaly of the subvalvular apparatus of the "Parachute Valve" type. The
      incidence of defects associated to congenital mitral insufficiency is commented.
      The surgical indications for replacement or repair of these anomalies in infancy
      are discussed, and the surgical results achieved to data are analysed. Emphasis
      is made on the convenience, in case the corrective procedure requires valvular
      replacement, of implanting a low-profile biological prosthesis, which does not
      require anticoagulant therapy.

PMID- 681447
TI  - Successful repair of left ventricular aneurysm due to blunt trauma. A case
      report.
AB  - The authors report the successful surgical treatment of their patient with
      posttraumatic aneurysm of the left ventricle. On the basis of the data reported
      in the literature and on their own experience, the authors consider this lesion
      absolute indication for surgery.

PMID- 681448
TI  - Protection of the ischaemic myocardium by glucose-insulin-potassium infusion
      assessed by ventricular function and electron microscopy.
AB  - The protective effect of GIK infusion on the ischaemic myocardium was assessed by
      isovolumic function tests and electron microscopy. There were two control groups,
      group 1 hearts underwent 2 hours of continous normothermic cross-perfusion and
      group 2 hearts endured 2 hours of ischaemia. Group 3 hearts were administered GIK
      solution prior to ischaemic arrest. The group 3 hearts showed less loss of
      contractile force and contractile velocity from the ischaemic period compared to
      group 2 hearts, but no benfit was shown in terms of compliance. Electron
      microscopic examination showed slightly less damage in the group 3 hearts
      compared to group 2 hearts. Group 1 hearts maintained better function than either
      of the other two groups. Ultrastructure was not examined in group 1 hearts. A
      slight protective effect of GIK on the ischaemic myocardium was thus confirmed.

PMID- 681449
TI  - Acute bacterial endocarditis following traumatic ventricular septal defect.
AB  - Traumatic ventricular septal defect occur rarely although penetrating wounds of
      the heart rate are fairly common. The urgency for the surgical correction of
      traumatic ventricular septal defects has been debated. In life-saving instances
      where left heart failure or cardiac tamponade occur, the decision is simple. A
      case report of early bacterial endocarditis complicating traumatic ventricular
      septal defect in the first 12 hours following injury has been presented.
      Avoidance of this complication by early surgical correction is advocated.

PMID- 681450
TI  - Prosthetic valve endocarditis after heart catheterization.
AB  - It is accepted that patients with valvular disease or valvular prosthesis should
      be protected against endocarditis during procedures causing bacteriemia. On the
      other hand it has been shown that bacteriemia occurs during catheterization.
      Thus, protection against endocarditis for patients undergoing catheterization
      deserves more consideration, specially among patients with prosthetic valves.
      Moved by the fatal outcome of one of our patients with postcatheterization
      prosthetic valve endocarditis, the authors leave an open discussion about this
      subject.

PMID- 681451
TI  - Mitosis in Barbulanympha. I. Spindle structure, formation, and kinetochore
      engagement.
AB  - Successful culture of the obligatorily anaerobic symbionts residing in the
      hindgut of the wood-eating cockroach Cryptocercus punctulatus now permits
      continuous observation of mitosis in individual Barbulanympha cells. In Part I of
      this two-part paper, we report methods for culture of the protozoa, preparation
      of microscope slide cultures in which Barbulanympha survived and divided for up
      to 3 days, and an optical arrangement which permits observation and through-focus
      photographic recording of dividing cells, sequentially in differential
      interference contrast and rectified polarized light microscopy. We describe the
      following prophase events and structures: development of the astral rays and
      large extranuclear central spindle from the tips of the elongate-centrioles; the
      fine structure of spindle fibers and astral rays which were deduced in vivo from
      polarized light microscopy and seen as a particular array of microtubules in thin
      section electron micrographs; formation of chromosomal spindle fibers by dynamic
      engagement of astral rays to the kinetochores embedded in the persistent nuclear
      envelope; and repetitive shortening of chromosomal spindle fibers which appear to
      hoist the nucleus to the spindle surface, cyclically jostle the kinetochores
      within the nuclear envelope, and churn the prophase chromosomes. The observations
      described here and in Part II have implications both for the evolution of mitosis
      and for understanding the mitotic process generally.

PMID- 681452
TI  - Mitosis in Barbulanympha. II. Dynamics of a two-stage anaphase, nuclear
      morphogenesis, and cytokinesis.
AB  - Anaphase in Barbulanympha proceeds in two discrete steps. In anaphase-A,
      chromosomal spindle fibers shorten and chromosomes move to the stationary
      centrosomes. In anaphase-B, the central spindle elongates and ("telophasic")
      bouquets of chromosomes, with kinetochores still connected by the shortened
      chromosomal fibers to the centrosomes, are moved far apart. The length, width,
      and birefringence of the central spindle remain unchanged throughout anaphase-A.
      In anaphase-B, the central spindle elongates up to fivefold. During elongation,
      the peripheral fibers of the central spindle splay, first anteriorly and then
      laterally. The remaining central spindle progressively becomes thinner and the
      retardation decreases; however, the coefficient of birefringence stays
      approximately constant. The nuclear envelope persists throughout mitosis in
      Barbulanympha and the nucleus undergoes an intricate morphological change. In
      prophase, the nucleus engulfs the spindle; in early anaphase-A, the nuclear
      envelope forms a seam anterior to the spindle, the nucleus thus transforms into a
      complete sleeve surrounding the central spindle. In late anaphase-A, the middle
      of the seam opens up in a cleft as the lips part; in anaphase-B, the cleft
      expands posteriorly, progressively exposing the central spindle. Finally, the
      cleft partitions the nucleus into two. The nuclear envelope shows an apparent
      elasticity and two-dimensional fluidity. Localized, transient deformations of the
      nuclear envelope indicate poleward and counter-poleward forces acting on the
      kinetochores embedded in the envelope. These forces appear responsible for
      nuclear morphogenesis as well as anaphase chromosome movement. At the end of
      anaphase-B, the two rostrate Barbulanympha may swim apart of be poked apart into
      two daughter cells by another organism cohabiting the host's hindgut.

PMID- 681453
TI  - Morphometric analysis of the translocation of lumenal membrane between cytoplasm
      and cell surface of transitional epithelial cells during the expansion
      contraction cycles of mammalian urinary bladder.
AB  - The flow of membrane between the cytoplasm and the lumenal surface during the
      expansion-contraction cycle of urinary bladder was estimated by stereological
      examination of electron micrographs of urothelial cells from guinea pigs,
      gerbils, hamsters, rabbits, and rats. The quantitative data obtained allowed an
      approximation of the surface area, volume, and numbers of lumenal membranelike
      vesicles and infoldings per unit volume of cytoplasm. Depending upon the species,
      approximately 85 to approximately 94% of the membrane surface area translocated
      into and out of the cytoplasm was in the form of discoidal vesicles. The
      remainder was accounted for by infoldings of the lumenal plasma membrane. The
      density of vesicles involved in transfer of membrane was quite similar in all the
      species examined, except guinea pigs which yielded lower values. In contrast, the
      densities of the total cytoplasmic pools of discoidal vesicles potentially
      available for translocation varied greatly among the different species. In
      general, species of animals with a highly concentrated urine had a greater
      density of discoidal vesicles than species with a less concentrated urine. This
      correlation may indicate an authentic relationship between lumenal membranes and
      the tonicity of urine, such as increased membrane recycling or turnover with
      increasingly hypertonic urine; or it may signify the existence of some other,
      more obscure relationship.

PMID- 681454
TI  - Differences between nucleus and cytoplasm in the degree of actin polymerization.
AB  - For purposes of studying the degree of polymerization of actin in nuclei, nuclei
      from 35S-labeled amoebas (Amoeba proteus) were transplanted into unlabeled cells,
      which were immediately lysed and extracted under conditions considered to
      stabilize preexisting fibrous actin. The enucleated 35S-donor cells were
      similarly treated for analysis of cytoplasmic actin. The extraction conditions
      permitted separation of soluble (unpolymerized or G) actin from pelletable
      (polymerized or F) actin, and the radioactivity of each was determined after the
      actin was separated from other proteins by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. We
      found that about 2/3 of the actin within the nucleus is pelletable, whereas only
      about 1/3 of the cytoplasmic actin is pelletable. We speculate that polymerized
      actin in the nucleus is involved in the condensation of chromatin.

PMID- 681455
TI  - Localization of the guinea pig eosinophil major basic protein to the core of the
      granule.
AB  - The localization of the guinea pig eosinophil major basic protein (MBP) within
      the cell was investigated by the use of immunoelectron microscopy and by
      isolation of the granule crystalloids. First, by immunoperoxidase electron
      microscopy, we found that the MBP of eosinophil granules is contained within the
      crystalloid core of the granule. Specific staining of cores was present when
      rabbit antiserum to MBP was used as the first stage antibody in a double antibody
      staining procedure, whereas staining was not seen when normal rabbit serum was
      used as the first stage antibody. Second, crystalloids were isolated from
      eosinophil granules by disruption in 0.1% Triton X-100 and centrifugation through
      a cushion of 50% sucrose. Highly purified core preparations yielded essentially a
      single band when analyzed by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels containing 1%
      sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The E1%1cm of the core protein was 26.8 +/- 1.0 (X
      +/- SEM); the E1%1cm for the MBP was 26.3. The core protein could not be
      distinguished from the MBP by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and essentially all of the
      protein in the core preparations could be accounted for as MBP. The results
      indicate that the MBP is contained in the core of the guinea pig eosinophil
      granule and that it is probably the only protein present in the core.

PMID- 681456
TI  - Biochemical and stereological analysis of rat liver mitochondria in different
      thyroid states.
AB  - The concentrations of the inner mitochondrial membrane markers cardiolipin and
      cytochrome alpha have been measured in liver homogenates and in purified
      mitochondria after thyroxine administration to thyroidectomized and normal rats.
      The biochemical results have been correlated with stereological electron
      micrographic analyses of hepatocytes in liver sections, and of isolated
      mitochondrial pellets. There were progressive and parallel increases in
      homogenate and mitochondrial cardiolipin concentration, and in mitochondrial
      cytochrome alpha concentration, after administration of 20 microgram of thyroxine
      on alternate days to thyroidectomized rats, and of 300 microgram on alternate
      days to normal rats. Electron microscope measurements showed marked differences
      in the shape of the mitochondria and in the number of cristae in different
      thyroid states. Hypothyroid mitochondria were shorter and wider than controls,
      and hyperthyroid mitochondria longer but of similar width. Mitochondrial volume
      per unit cell volume was virtually unchanged in hypo- and hyperthyroid animals.
      The most striking changes were a decrease in the area of the inner membrane plus
      cristae in thyroidectomized rats, and a substantial increase in membrane area
      after thyroxine administration. The biochemical and electron micrographic results
      indicate that, in rat liver, thyroid hormone administration leads to a selective
      increase in the relative amount of mitochondrial inner membranes, with little or
      no change in the mitochondrial volume per unit cell volume, or in total
      mitochondrial protein per unit total cell protein.

PMID- 681457
TI  - "The Merck Index": the merits of using computers in publishing.
AB  - "The Merck Index", an internationally recognized encyclopedia of drugs,
      chemicals, and biologicals was produced by the traditional method for eight
      consecutive editions. Owing to the rapidly increasing volume of information and
      escalating costs of book production, it became desirable to design a computer
      assisted production method for preparation of the recently published ninth
      edition. The method that was developed and used as well as the philosophy behind
      its use are described.

PMID- 681458
TI  - Analysis of the registry of toxic effects of chemical substances (RTECS) files
      and conversion of the data in these files for input to the environmental
      chemicals data and information network (ECDIN).
AB  - A data bank for environmental chemicals, ECDIN, is being developed at the Joint
      Research Centre of the European Communities in cooperation with universities and
      research institutes in the nine member states as a part of the Environmental
      Research Programme of the EC. During the pilot phase of the project, data from
      the Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances have been incorporated into
      the data bank. Conversions of the data into ECDIN input format was necessary
      before inclusion of the toxicity data in ECDIN, and the computer programs used
      for this format conversion have produced various statistics for the contents of
      the RTECS files. Analyses of the data in three editions of RTECS are presented.

PMID- 681459
TI  - [Anaerobic bacteria in digestive surgery. Pathogenic role and prognostic
      incidence (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors isolated in common surgical practice 83 anaerobic bacteria mainly
      bacteroides and clostridia. They analyse their pathogenic role in relation to the
      site of sampling. Comparing the bacteriological results with a clinical study of
      96 cases of generalised peritonitis, there appeared to be no significant
      differente between the prognosis in peritonitis and anaerobic bacteria and those
      without anaerobic bacteria. The mortality was identical in septicemia due to
      anaerobic and aerobic bacteria; jaundice was just as frequent in both series.
      However, the prognosis of peritonitis due to anaerobic bacteria seems better when
      antibiotic treatment is adapted to the bacteria, e.g. lincomycin, metronidazole.
      With regard to anaerobic bacteria, which represent only part of the fecal flora,
      it may be dangerous by selection of resistant strains to use prophylactic
      antibiotics as a routine; local treatment of the septic focus seems the most
      important. The pathogenic role of anaerobic bacteria in digestive pathology is
      far from clearly defined; one should not follow the fashion of using even
      specific antibiotics without justification.

PMID- 681460
TI  - [Aseptic inflammatory reaction in surgery of the knee (author's transl)].
AB  - The author reports 15 cases which show the clinical and laboratory
      characteristics and treatment of the aseptic inflammatory reaction observed after
      operation on the knee. It should be carefully distinguished from pyogenic
      arthritis; the clinical signs and the appearance of the synovial fluid are
      identical. Only laboratory examination permits ones to distinguish them, by the
      presence or absence of bacteria. This is a benign complication which becomes
      cured within a few days by common medical anti-inflammatory treatment. The danger
      is confusion with septic arthritis and the choice of inappropriate treatment,
      which often causes severe sequelae of even secondary infection. The true cause of
      this complication which in every way resembles acute inflammatory rheumatism,
      remains unknown.

PMID- 681461
TI  - [Dislocations of the calcaneum, talus and navicular bones. Report of 7 cases
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors report 7 cases of sub-taloid dislocation, to which they prefer
      Allieu's term of talo-navicular-calcaneal dislocation, either internal (the most
      frequent) or external (rare) depending on the direction of displacement of the
      foot. After studying their mechanism, they analyse the results, which, contrary
      to dislocation-fractures of the talus, are usually good, in spite of the
      frequency of subtalal arthritis.

PMID- 681462
TI  - [An isolated neurinoma in the pancreas (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors report the clinical record of an isolated neurinoma in the pancreas
      of a fifty year old African woman. Thanks to this observation and ten other cases
      previously described by literature, they remind of the rarity of this
      localization as of the polymorphous clinical aspects in this disease. They point
      out the difficulty of anerting the positive diagnostic as well as the importance
      of the histological investigation which alone can authenticate the lesion and
      precise its benign ou malignant nature.

PMID- 681463
TI  - [Contribution to the study of gallstones. Morphological, radiological and
      cristallographic analysis (author's transl)].
AB  - The structure of gallstones has become of recent interest with the medical
      treatment of cholesterol stones. It seemed to us interesting to determine by
      morphological, radiological and above all cristallographic criteria the
      constituants of gallstones in order to draw up a practical classification which
      reflects better the biological reality. The present study confirms the existence
      of cholesterol and calcium carbonate in various types of stone, but reveals in
      addition the presence of cholesterol and bile salts associated with new mineral
      constituants identified for the first time (aluminium chlorite and silicate). The
      notion of pure stones, generally attributed to cholesterol and pigmented stones
      was only verified in the case of mineral stones.

PMID- 681464
TI  - [Benign duodeno-colic fistula due to duodenal ulcer (author's transl)].

PMID- 681466
TI  - Childhood autism in africa.

PMID- 681465
TI  - A method for the longitudinal study of behavioral development in infants and
      children: the early development of XXY children.

PMID- 681467
TI  - The measurement of temperament in 3--7 year old children.

PMID- 681468
TI  - Recognition of faces: an approach to the study of autism.

PMID- 681469
TI  - Psychiatric referrals from Scottish children's hearings: a comparative study.

PMID- 681470
TI  - Spelling difficulties.

PMID- 681471
TI  - The bereaved child.

PMID- 681472
TI  - Thin-layer detection of diazepam and/or chilordiazepoxide alone or in combination
      with major drugs of abuse in drug abuse urine screening programs.
AB  - Three extraction procedures for the detection of diazepam, oxazepam, chlorazepate
      and/or chlordiazepoxide in human urines are presented. All three procedures are
      based on the acid hydrolysis of benzodiazepines and/or their conjugated
      metabolites to give the corresponding benzophenones. Procedure I involves the
      direct acid hydrolysis of raw urine and is recommended when the aim is to test
      the abuse of benzodiazepine derivatives only. Procedure II Is a two-step
      extraction method in which a wide variety of drugs of abuse including cocaine
      (test based on the detection of benzoylecgonine) are extracted by the first step
      using paper loaded with cation-exchange resin and the benzodiazepines are tested
      in the second step by the acid hydrolysis of the spent urine left after removing
      the ion-exchange paper. Procedure III involves the use of inert fibrous matrix
      and then its acid hydrolysis. The detection procedure is based on the
      identification of methylaminochlorobenzophenone (MACB) and
      aminochlorobenzophenone (ACB). MACB is detected as a yellow-colored compound
      while ACB is detected by spraying with Bratton-Marshall reagent. Specificity of
      detection of ACB has been achieved by the selection of a thin-layer developing
      solvent system in which sulfonamides with primary aromatic amino groups remain at
      the origin.

PMID- 681473
TI  - Gas chromatographic analysis of pentazocine.

PMID- 681474
TI  - A gas chromatographic method for the determination of bezafibrate in serum and
      urine.

PMID- 681475
TI  - Measurement of methimazole in human plasma using gas-liquid chromatography.

PMID- 681476
TI  - Simultaneous determination by gas-liquid chromatography of carbamazepine and
      carbamazepine-10,11-expoxide in plasma.

PMID- 681477
TI  - [Gas chromatographic measurement of the phenylindanediones group of
      anticoagulants in blood].

PMID- 681478
TI  - Simultaneous gas chromatographic determination of the cumene metabolites 2
      phenylpropanol-1 and 2-phenylpropanol-2 in urine.

PMID- 681479
TI  - Characterization of thromboxane B2 and 6-ketoprostaglandin F alpha by combined
      gas chromatography and chemical-ionization mass spectrometry.

PMID- 681480
TI  - Gas chromatographic determination of indole and 3-methylindole in ovine plasma
      and rumen fluid using a nitrogen-phosphorus selective detector.

PMID- 681481
TI  - Separation of synthetic food dyes using high-performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 681482
TI  - Assay of disopyramide in plasma by high-pressure liquid chromatography.

PMID- 681483
TI  - Rapid chromatographic analysis of neutral oses and hexosamines of the human
      erythrocyte membrane.

PMID- 681484
TI  - Determination of phenobarbital and p-hydroxyphenobarbital by densitometry of thin
      layers.

PMID- 681485
TI  - An improved method for determining total urinary phenol.
AB  - A simple and easily manipulated method is described for th- determination of
      total urinary phenol. This modification of earlier procedures incorporates the
      enzymatic hydrolysis of conjugated phenol, extraction of the hydrolysis products
      into isopropyl ether and final quantitation by gas-liquid chromatography-flame
      ionization detection. The method employs benzyl alcohol as internal standard.

PMID- 681486
TI  - Simultaneous gas chromatographic determination of diphenylhydantoin, carbamazepin
      (Tegretol), phenobarbital and primidone in presence of Kemadrin (procyclidine)
      and Prolixin (fluphenazine) in plasma of psychiatric patients.

PMID- 681487
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatography of methyl methacrylate in intraocular
      lenses.

PMID- 681488
TI  - Determination of griseofulvin in human serum using high-performance liquid
      chromatography.

PMID- 681489
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of the antimycotic agent,
      econazole in plasma.

PMID- 681490
TI  - Combined high-pressure liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay method for the
      quantitation of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol and some of its metabolites in human
      plasma.
AB  - A high-pressure liquid chromatography-radioimmunoassay (HPLC-RIA) method for the
      measurement of cannabinoid levels in plasma is described. The method is capable
      of quantifying 0.1 ng of a cannabinoid in 1 ml of plasma. The experimental
      procedure consists of an initial separation of cannabinoids in a plasma extract
      by HPLC followed by collection of the HPLC eluate and RIA. A chromatogram
      consisting of the cross-reacting cannabinoids in plasma may then be constructed.
      The plasma concentrations of cannabinoids with retention volumes equivalent to
      those of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabinol and mono-hydroxylated
      metabolites have been measured by this technique.

PMID- 681491
TI  - [Determination of ketoprofen in plasma using high-performance liquid
      chromatography. Comparison with gas--liquid chromatography (author's transl)].
AB  - A new method of determination of ketoprofen 2-(3-benzoyl phenyl) propionic acid
      in plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is described. After
      extraction by diethyl either in acidic medium, ketoprofen and the internal
      standard, 2-(4-benzoyl phenyl) butyric acid, are methylated with gaseous
      diazomethane and their concentrations measured by HPLC using in LiChrosorb Si 60
      (5 micrometer) column and dichloromethane-hexane (60:40) as the mobile phase. The
      absolute retention times of the internal standard and ketoprofen are 11.6 and
      12.8 min, respectively. The precision of the methods is +/- 4% and the lower
      detection limit ranges from 0.06 to 0.10 microgram/ml. The results obtained by
      HPLC show a very good correlation with those obtained by gas--liquid
      chromatography. The proposed method is sensitive, reproducible and rapid and very
      suitable for ketoprofen determination in pharmacokinetic studies.

PMID- 681492
TI  - [Detection of sulfamethoxazol and N4-acetylsulfamethoxazol in  biological fluids
      by resversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (author's tarnsl)].
AB  - Sulfonamide drugs can be detected by reversed-phase hihg-pressure liquid
      chromatography. The possibilities of this method in the direct qualitative and
      quantitative analysis in blood or in urine without enrichment and derivatization
      are illustrated by the analysis of sulfamethoxazol and its metabolite N4
      acetylsulfamethoxazol.

PMID- 681493
TI  - Improved separation of nucleosides, nucleotides, and aminoacyl tRNA a strong
      anion-exchange resin.
AB  - Nucleosides and nucleotides can be separated on a polystyrene-dinylbenzene anion
      exchange resin, Chromex DA-X8-11 at 50 degree using isocratic elution with 1.0 M
      ammonium carbonate pH 8.8 or 0.05 M formic acid pH 2.4. The resin can also
      resolve aminoacyl tRNA on either the analytical or preparative scale.

PMID- 681494
TI  - Gas chromatographic of bile acid methyl esters as partial trimethylsilyl ether
      derivatives using N, O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide as silylating
      reagent.

PMID- 681495
TI  - New chromatographic method for the preparation of DNA-adriamycin complexes.

PMID- 681496
TI  - A novel and rapid method for the preparation of methyl esters for gas
      chromatography: application to the determination of the fatty acids of edible
      fats and oils.
AB  - A rapid, mild, and convenient transesterification of triglycerides was obtained
      using 0.2 N-methanolic (m-trifluoro-methylphenyl) trimethylammonium hydroxide.
      The method yielded results comparable to those obtained using methanolic sodium
      methoxide.

PMID- 681497
TI  - Determination of aflatoxins in peanut products using reverse phase HPLC.
AB  - A high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method is described for the
      determination of the four major aflatoxins, B1, B2, G1 and G2, in peanut
      products. The aflatoxins are extracted by adapting a procedure developed by Pons
      (1) at the SRRC, USDA, and quantitated utilizing a new 5 mum reverse-phase column
      with NaCl/acetontrile/methanol mobile phase (3 + 1 + 1). The 5 mum column
      achieved baseline resolution of each of the four aflatoxins. Retention times and
      peak heights were reproducible. The procedure was successfully applied to several
      types of peanut products and was applicable to both roasted and unroasted
      peanuts, which is a decided advantage over the current CB and BF extraction
      methods. Additionally, it can be used for sweetened peanut matrixes with no
      interferences in the chromatography. The total time required for sample
      preparation and aflatoxin determination is less than 1.5 hours.

PMID- 681498
TI  - Relationship of blood pressure, serum cholesterol, smoking habit, relative weight
      and ECG abnormalities to incidence of major coronary events: final report of the
      pooling project. The pooling project research group.

PMID- 681499
TI  - The Personal Health Survey.
AB  - The Personal Health Survey (PHS) is a 200-item inventory that consists of 12
      scales of empirically constructed items that relate to symptomatology from the
      principal psychophysiological supporting systems. The PHS was administered to 730
      Ss in five clinical groups. Base rates of responding T or F to each item were
      compared across the five diagnostic groups. The test results were factor analyzed
      with a principal component method combined with Varimax rotation. The factors
      were orthogonal. Five main factors were extracted from the overall population and
      from each of the five subgroups and compared as to item composition.
      Administration, scoring, interpretation and validation of the empirical and
      factored scales are discussed.

PMID- 681500
TI  - Factored scales for the Personal Health Survey with schizophrenics, alcoholics,
      felons, unmarried mothers, and college students.
AB  - Employed the Personal Health Survey (PHS) to study patterns of symptomology
      related to physical and mental health in a population of 730 Ss, which consisted
      of five subgroups: felons, hospitalized alcoholics, unmarried mothers, college
      students and institutionalized schizophrenics. The factorial data were analyzed
      in terms of (a) size of item factor loadings; (b) base rates of responding True
      to each item; and (c) clinical judgments as to the specificity and meaning of the
      items and factor scale patterns. Five main factors were extracted: Factor I-
      General health status; Factor II--Sociopathic character disorders; Factor III-
      Mixed psychiatric symptoms; Factor IV--Anxiety state with psychosomatic symptoms
      and general nervousness; and Factor V--Schizophrenicity.

PMID- 681501
TI  - The factorial structure of the Personal Health Survey in normals and
      schizophrenics.
AB  - Administered the Personal Health Survey to five different groups: 74 incarcerated
      felons, 47 hospitalized alcoholics, 172 unmarried mothers, 51 college students,
      and 386 hospitalized chronic schizophrenics. On 191 of 200 items, the
      schizophrenics had higher base rates than any other group. Although some groups
      did not have large enough Ns for statistically adequate factor analyses,
      factorial studies also were done on the four control groups. Every group studied
      gave different factor patterns, with different orders of emergence of factors,
      different item loadings and heterogeneous composition of items. It is concluded
      that subgroups should be factored independently across time to determine
      population characteristics because overall population patterns do not make
      possible more than general predictions about subgroups. Individuals cannot be
      predicted from either overall or subgroup factorial characteristics.

PMID- 681502
TI  - Methodological advances in the validation of inventory items, scales, profiles
      and interpretations.
AB  - Factor analytic research is still in its infancy--theoretically,
      methodologically, and interpretively. Definitive research has not yet been done
      on problems of (a) item design and selection of items suitable for factor
      analysis; (b) identification of highly significant marker items; (c) tracings of
      item response distributions across scales, populations, occasions and other
      relevant variables; (d) determination of the number of items with different
      loadings necessary to obtain valid scale scores for psychological state
      measurements; (e) questions about the validity of summating factorially
      heterogeneous lowly correlated items in arriving at scale scores; (f) the use of
      clinical judgment to evaluate the possibly differing significances of the same
      item responses across populations and occasions; i.e., does the same factored
      item response have the same significance across scales?; (g) how to interpret
      scales with factorially mixed item compositions; (h) clinical judgement decisions
      in evaluating and interpreting scale meanings; and (i) the comparison of the
      results of analyzing data by different scaling methods. This study makes a start
      toward clarifying these methodological issues by analyzing the results of
      applying different methods of scale construction that utilized 146,000 item
      responses made by 730 Ss on the Personal Health Survey, a 200-item inventory
      designed to measure organ system functioning that contributes to physical and
      mental health.

PMID- 681503
TI  - Predictors of psychiatric illness among Navy hospital corpsmen.
AB  - Evaluated Recruit Temperament Survey (RTS) responses and aptitude test scores as
      potential predictors of psychiatric illness among 1,082 Navy hospital corpsmen.
      Twenty-six RTS items discriminated significantly between those corpsmen who
      became psychiatric casualties during a 4-year criterion period and those who did
      not; these items appeared to assess a construct of preservice personal and
      vocational adjustment. Scores on the aptitude measure were unrelated to illness
      incidence. The validity of the discriminating RTS items taken in combination for
      predicting psychiatric hospitalization among corpsmen was .28 with a cross
      validity of .22. Implications of these findings for the use of measures such as
      the RTS in psychiatric screening were discussed.

PMID- 681504
TI  - Sex differences in anxiety response and adjustment to dental surgery: effects of
      general vs. specific preoperative information.
AB  - Monitored anxiety level by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Corah's (1969a)
      dental anxiety scale and evaluated adjustment via behavioral ratings, in 32
      female and 31 male dental surgery patients who were presented general or specific
      information prior to surgery. The findings indicated that dental surgery is a
      stressful procedure that elicits comparably high levels of state anxiety in males
      and females. For most patients, even those high in dental anxiety, state anxiety
      level returns to "normal" levels just after the completion of surgery. The dental
      anxiety scale administered well before surgery is a good predictor of patient
      anxiety level in the dental situation, especially for males. Females responded to
      an informational tape received prior to surgery with increased anxiety, and were
      rated as showing poorer overall adjustment in surgery than males. The general and
      specific information tapes did not differentially affect adjustment, but
      informational input and related variables such as patient expectancies and prior
      level of information are factors that need further investigation in terms of
      their potential relevance for the reduction of patient anxiety and enhancement of
      patient adjustment during dental procedures.

PMID- 681505
TI  - Social skills training for the complex offender: employment seeking skills.
AB  - Compared 11 probationers with a history of psychiatric referral to a randomly
      selected group of unemployed persons from the State Unemployment Office in a
      number of job interview assessment situations. The probationers were rated as
      less skillful and also rated themselves as less likely to obtain employment than
      did the control Ss. After this pretest, the probationers were assigned to one of
      two treatment groups in which either monetary incentives for job interviews were
      provided or a skills training program was initiated. Posttest scores indicated
      that the skills program was most effective in changing behavioral and cognitive
      responses. These results generalized during the follow-up period; the skills
      training group obtained employment more frequently than did the incentive group.
      Implications for training critical skill deficits are discussed in terms of a
      response acquisition model.

PMID- 681506
TI  - Analysis of structural factors in schizophrenic delusions.
AB  - A previous factor analysis of delusional properties, scored from verbatim
      typescripts of interviews held with 32 schizophrenic patients, had generated four
      interpretable factors. The present study considered the meaning of these
      qualitative factors in terms of their relationships to four types of information
      potentially important to understanding the development or maintenance of
      delusions--sex gender, intelligence, chronicity, and type of delusion (e.g.,
      persecution, grandeur). The possible contribution of factorial structure to
      understanding delusional behavior was indicated by the number of relationships
      found between these factors and the independent variables.

PMID- 681507
TI  - MMPIs of rapists of adults, rapists of children, and non-rapist sex offenders.
AB  - Compared MMPI group mean profiles of rapists of adults, rapists of children, and
      non-rapist sex offenders. All three groups showed similar elevations on scale 4,
      but they differed in the extent to which scale 8 characteristics combined with
      those of scale 4. Rapists of adults showed an elevated 8-4 profile, rapists of
      children showed a 4-8 profile but with scale 8 somewhat lower, and non-rapists
      showed a high-4 profile with scale 8 elevated still less. Though there was marked
      heterogeneity in the two-point codes within groups, still the group results
      supported the notion that while all three types of sex offenders are impulsive
      and self-centered with poor social intelligence, the rapists of adults are more
      hostile, resentful, and interpersonally alienated than are rapists of children,
      and both types of rapists show those hostile and resentful characteristics more
      than do non-rapist sex offenders.

PMID- 681508
TI  - The nature of deficit among paranoid and nonparanoid schizophrenics in the
      interpretation of sentences: an information processing approach.
AB  - Compared paranoid and nonparanoid schizophrenics to normal controls on a sentence
      verification task. The task permitted separation of times taken for central
      scanning and comparison operations and for operations associated with response
      selection and response execution. Neither group of schizophrenics took more time
      than normal controls for the latter operations; however, both groups of
      schizophrenics took longer at central scanning and comparison. Performance on
      this task was compared to previous results in which schizophrenics were similar
      to normals on times for central scanning and comparison, but took longer for non
      central aspects of processing. It was condluded that the present deficit at the
      central processing level was attributable to deficient short-term memory of the
      encoded version of the sentence during the scanning and comparison operations.
      The absence of differences in the time taken for the non-central operations was
      ascribed to the exclusion of sentence encoding from the present latency times.

PMID- 681509
TI  - Anxiety and classroom examination performance.
AB  - Studied classroom examination performance over the course of an entire semester
      as a function of (a) students' anxiety level (high, medium, low); (b) difficulty
      level of exam question (more vs. less difficult); (c) type of exam question (rote
      memory vs. generalization); (d) sex of S; and (e) intelligence level of S. As
      expected, there was a strong main effect of anxiety and a significant interaction
      between anxiety and item difficulty. The latter was consistent with the Hull
      Spence formulation of learning and performance--as the habit strength of
      incorrect responses increases (i.e., as the items become more difficult), the
      superiority of low over high anxious Ss also should increase. When item
      difficulty was held constant, anxiety did not interact with type of exam
      question.

PMID- 681510
TI  - Locus of control as a predictor variable in rehabilitation medicine.
AB  - Reports the results of preliminary work with the Adult Nowicki-Strickland
      Internal-External Locus of Control Scale. It was predicted that treatment
      motivation and treatment success would be related to the dimension of locus of
      control. Independent physiotherapist's ratings confirmed the first hypothesis,
      but not the second. This appears to be a fruitful area for further research with
      this instrument.

PMID- 681511
TI  - An exploratory study of the interaction between personality and psychopathology.
AB  - Presented an exploratory study that focused on the relationship between
      personality and psychopathology. A sample of 389 male veterans was evaluation and
      diagnostically categorized into four mental illness categories and one nonmental
      illness group. Each S was tested with the MMPI and the Differential Personality
      Questionnaire. Several analyses were performed to test two of Zubin's (1967)
      hypotheses about possible interactions between personality and psychopathology.
      Results are seen as suggestive that personality is neither independent nor
      interactive with psychopathology.

PMID- 681512
TI  - The relation between trait anxiety and the Harris MMPI PD subscales among
      psychiatric inpatients.
AB  - Investigated the relationship between trait anxiety and MMPI PD scores among
      psychiatric inpatients from a multidimensional standpoint by means of the Harris
      PD subscales. The trait anxiety scale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and
      the Harris PD subscales were administered to 24 female and 21 male psychiatric
      inpatients. Trait anxiety was correlated positively with the basic PD scale in
      accord with previous findings. However, the Self-Alienation and Social Alienation
      PD subscales were the only Harris subscales that were correlated significantly
      with anxiety in the positive direction. The Social Imperturbability PD subscale
      was related inversely to trait anxiety. The findings were discussed primarily in
      terms of the potential benefit of employing the Harris subscales in studies of
      psychopathy and in clinical settings.

PMID- 681513
TI  - Muscle tension and personality.
AB  - Studied the relationship between skeletal muscle activity and personality
      variables as measured by the MMPI in 17 male and 51 female patients (most with
      chronic pain) in a large general hospital. After administration of the MMPI,
      muscle activity was measured from the frontalis. A biserial correlation
      coefficient was calculated between muscle tension and each of 12 MMPI scales. The
      high-tension group obtained a significantly higher score on scale L and a
      significantly lower score on scale PD.

PMID- 681514
TI  - The separation of organics from depressives with ability- and personality-based
      tests.
AB  - Previous research has indicated that ability-oriented organicity tests are of
      limited value in the separation of brain-damaged from schizophrenic patients in
      psychiatric hospitals. In the present study the capabilities of nine ability test
      measures and the MMPI Depression scale to differentiate organics from depressives
      were evaluated. Only six of the nine ts used to evaluate the differences between
      the two groups were significant at the 0.5 level and, after the samples were
      levelled for age, education and IQ, the number fell to zero. In contrast, the
      Depression scale differences were highly significant both before and after
      levelling. Multiple correlations run to evaluate the use of personality and
      ability measures in combination showed that they had considerable promise and
      suggest that the separation of organic from functional psychiatric hospital
      groups is best achieved by such combinations.

PMID- 681515
TI  - An MMPI sign to separate organic from functional psychiatric patients.
AB  - Evaluated the utilities of all 90 possible unweighted additive/subtractive two
      scale MMPI combinations as indices to separate brain-damaged from functional
      patient groups in a Veterans Administration psychiatric hospital. One index, Hs
      PT, showed more promise than any of the other 89. Hs-PT mean scores were
      significantly higher among organics than among alcoholics, neurotics, affective
      psychoses, character disorders, process schizophrenics or reactive
      schizophrenics. Interpretative information on the Hs-PT index was presented.

PMID- 681516
TI  - Effects of participation in the Physical Conditioning Platoon.
AB  - Designed to assess the effects of Marine recruits' participation in the Physical
      Conditioning Platoon during 1975 (N - 635). Comparisons (t-values) of pre and
      post measures of an attitude questionnaire, the Comrey Personality Scales, and a
      self-evaluation scale indicated that significant increases in favorability of
      perceptions occurred during training for 12 of the 13 scales. During a stay of
      approximately 30 days, overweight recruits lost an average of 26 pounds. The most
      powerful predictors of graduation from PCP and recruit training included the
      Affiliation (with the Marine Corps) scale and a composite of 10 Activity Scale
      items. These two variables may be useful in selection of PCP participants by
      reducing the 36% PCP attrition rate.

PMID- 681517
TI  - Foulds' "general instability" and "psychopathy" 16PF scales and their
      relationship to psychiatric mood state.
AB  - Previous research examined "general instability" and "psychopathy" scales,
      derived from the 16PF, in terms of Foulds' criteria of content, group
      differentiation, change over time, and score distributions. When the external
      criterion of a newly validated measure of psychiatric mood state (the DSSI/sAD)
      was used, it was confirmed in both a patient and a normal group that the "general
      instability" scale is related significantly to symptomatology, while the
      "psychopathy" scale is relatively independent of present state.

PMID- 681518
TI  - Death fantasies and future time perspective.
AB  - Explored death fantasies of young adults through use of life scripts and future
      time perspective questionnaires. Results indicated a significantly younger age of
      death from disease and accident as opposed to natural causes. Type of death
      fantasied was markedly at variance from health statistics, with most projecting a
      benign end for themselves (old age).

PMID- 681519
TI  - The use of grafted polynomials and dummy variables in analyzing time series data.
AB  - Describes an innovative statistical method for analyzing single-S time series
      data. The S and data in the paper were selected from a larger study which applied
      operant conditioning to ambulation problems of severely handicapped patients and
      used positive verbal reinforcement. The method described is a variation of
      traditional multiple regression analysis described elsewhere as "grafted
      polynomials" (Draper & Smith, 1967; Fuller, Note 1). An extensive explanation of
      the use of dummy variables also is provided.

PMID- 681520
TI  - The Disruptive Behavior Scale: an objective assessment of unmanageable social
      behavior in adolescents.
AB  - The Disruptive Behavior Scale, a 26-item behavioral checklist, provides an
      objective measure of socially unacceptable public secondary school behavior and
      may prove to be of value in determining public school exit and reentry plans for
      disruptive adolescents. The checklist may be completed in 15-25 minutes and does
      not require direct administration. Test-retest reliability scores were
      significant (p less than .05) for all items; item-whole test scores were
      significant for all but 2 items. Both initial and replication validity studies
      that involved comparisons between public school students and adolescents expelled
      from public schools yielded significant differences (p less than .05) in the
      expected direction.

PMID- 681521
TI  - Factors in the rotation of reproduced figures.
AB  - Investigated the effectiveness of presenting some of the MPD designs on rotated
      backgrounds; examination was made of the incidence of a particular rotational
      error in the records of 246 psychiatric patients. This error, the reproduction of
      the square of the circle-square design in "square" instead of the correct
      "diamond" orientation, occurred very much more often when the background was
      rotated than when it was normal, which confirmed that the orientation of the
      background had a strong effect on the reproductions. The error was made
      significantly more often by Ss with brain damage than by those with functional
      disorders. The findings were discussed in relation to the concept of field
      dependence.

PMID- 681522
TI  - Intellectual functioning in lobotomized and non-lobotomized long term chronic
      schizophrenic patients.
AB  - Administered the WAIS routinely to 28 long term hospitalized chronic
      schizophrenic patients who had a bilateral prefrontal lobotomy during the years
      between 1948 and 1954 and 28 of their non-lobotomized counterparts matched on
      appropriate demographic characteristics. No statistically significant t-score
      differences between group means were demonstrated on any of the 11 subtests or
      three scale IQs.

PMID- 681523
TI  - Normative data for the Tactual Performance Test.
AB  - Investigated the effects of age and IQ on the Tactual Performance Test (TPT) with
      117 normal Ss divided into three IQ ranges (91-111, 112-122, 123-139) and four
      age ranges (20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-60). The high percentage of older Ss
      classified as brain-damaged by Reitan's suggested cut-off scores indicated the
      need for age adjusted cut-offs. A revised cut-off score for total time of 17.7
      minutes for the 30-49 age range and 21.7 minutes for the 50-60 age range was
      suggested. A revised cut-off score for memory of 5 or less for the 20-39 age
      range, 4 or less for the 40-49 age range, and 3 or less for the 50-60 age range
      was suggested. A cut-off score for location of 3 or less for the 20-29 age range,
      2 or less for the 30-49 age range, and 1 or less for the 50-60 age range was
      suggested. Examination of preferred and nonpreferred hand times on the TPT showed
      that either a simple difference or a ratio of the two scores could be used to
      establish normative scores unaffected by age or IQ.

PMID- 681524
TI  - Psychometrics of a neuropsychological test battery.
AB  - Compared factor analysis (linear) and hierarchical cluster analysis (nonlinear)
      of a neuropsychological battery of tests, including the Wechsler Adult
      Intelligence Scale, the Wechsler Memory Scale, the Graham-Kendall Memory for
      Designs Test, and the Bender Visual Motor Gestalt Designs Test. The results were
      discussed within the framework of descriptive and predictive analysis of the
      major cognitive functions of verbal intelligence, perceptual performance, and
      memory.

PMID- 681525
TI  - The relationship of defensive language behavior in patient monologues to the
      course of psychoanalysis.
AB  - Examined the relationship of the time-course of psychoanalysis to progressive
      alteration of defensive language behavior in 7 patients. Spontaneous 5-minute
      monologues were recorded over 1 1/2 years of three-times-a-week individual
      psychotherapy. Weintraub and Aronson's (1962) formal measures of defensive
      language were used: nonpersonal references, negators, qualifiers, retractors,
      explaining expressions of feeling, and evaluators. The magnitude of defensive
      speech displayed by a patient was able to predict significantly the duration of
      psychoanalysis undergone by that patient in 4 of 7 cases.

PMID- 681526
TI  - The empirical evaluation of the effects of different group treatment strategies
      against a controlled treatment strategy on behavior exhibited by antisocial
      children, behaviors of the therapist, and two self-rating scales that measure
      antisocial behavior.
AB  - Evaluated two group treatment strategies against a control treatment strategy on
      the behaviors exhibited by antisocial children, behaviors of their therapists,
      and two self-rating scales. The first year 139 antisocial children were
      stratified according to age and then randomly placed into 14 groups. For the
      second year, 100 children were placed into 11 groups composed of antisocial
      children. Behavioral measurements of the children's and therapists' behaviors
      were secured at each weekly 2-hour meeting. Children were pre- and posttested on
      the various inventories postulated to measure antisocial behavior. In addition,
      significant adults, such as group therapists, filled out pre- and posttest
      inventories to measure antisocial behavior. For both years very few significant
      differences occurred between the treatment groups and the control groups on the
      dependent variables studies. The findings are discussed in terms of their
      relevance for behavior therapy.

PMID- 681527
TI  - Changing students' constructs of mental patients by means of educative seminars.
AB  - Demonstrated that through a brief, didactic, demythologizing approach, college
      students' attitudes toward mental illness can be changed in a psychosocial or non
      medical model direction. Furthermore, results indicate that such an approach
      effectively can change students' somewhat negative constructs of mental patients
      in a positive direction.

PMID- 681528
TI  - Problems with using dominance indices to evaluate family interaction patterns.
AB  - Used four well-accepted behavioral measures of dominance to document changes in
      dominant/submissive behaviors of marital couples as a result of videotape
      feedback of behavior in decision-making tasks. Dominance scores for 30 normal
      couples on each of the four indices were correlated, and results indicated that
      the measures bore little relationship to each other. Further, a review of
      videotaped interactions revealed little to warrant even intuitive support for
      three of the measures. Such data support the contention that these popular
      indices may be inappropriate to assess dominance across couples.

PMID- 681529
TI  - Group decision-making and self-management in the treatment of psychiatric
      patients.
AB  - Examined the effects of a treatment program of patient decision making and self
      management upon the self-concept, locus of control and behavioral adjustment of
      psychiatric patients. It was hypothesized that patients exposed to the
      experimental treatment would reveal significantly higher levels of self-concept,
      lower levels of external control and more acceptable behavioral adjustment than
      patients who did not receive such treatment. Of the three dependent variables,
      only behavioral adjustment revealed significant changes after treatment. Ss who
      participated in the decision-making and self-management program displayed
      substantial gains in their level of behavioral adjustment, while the remaining Ss
      did not. Nonsignificant trends toward greater levels of self-concept and internal
      control also were observed in these Ss.

PMID- 681530
TI  - A cognitive-experiential approach to the interpersonal and intrapersonal
      development of counselors and therapists.
AB  - Examined the effects of a training program for counselors and therapists based
      upon configurations of (a) systematic human relations training; (b) cognitive
      restructuring of counselor beliefs; and (c) systematic performance feedback.
      Criterion measures consisted of post vs. pre-gain scores on selected scales of
      the Personal Orientation Inventory and the seven Carkhuff scales. Results
      indicated that the most significant gains made on the criterion measures were
      evidenced by those Ss who participated in the training program that consisted of
      all three of the training conditions.

PMID- 681531
TI  - Psycholinguistic correlates of language predictability in psychiatric interviews.
AB  - Applied the cloze technique to patient speech samples that were obtained from
      tape-recorded initial intake interviews in a psychiatric outpatient clinic. The
      findings indicated that cloze samples taken from the end of the interview were
      less predictable than those obtained from the beginning. Correlation with cloze
      change scores in discussed.

PMID- 681532
TI  - A test of Sarbin's self-role congruency theory within a role-playing therapy
      analogue situation.
AB  - Explored the application of role playing, as a research technique, in a test of
      Sarbin's self-role congruency theory. Forty male Ss volunteered to play either
      the role of a therapist or client in a simulation of psychotherapy. The CPI
      dominance scale was used to select high dominant Ss to play the role of
      therapists. Half of these high dominant Ss were instructed in directive therapy
      (creating a self-role congruent condition with high dominance and directiveness
      being congruent) and half were instructed in non-directive therapy (creating a
      self-role incongruent condition). Judges' ratings were used to compare Ss' role
      playing ability and visible comfort between the self-role congruent and self-role
      incongruent conditions. The results supported Sarbin's theory of self-role
      congruence. These findings suggest methodological improvements in psychotherapy
      research via the use of role playing and have practical implications for the
      practice of psychotherapy.

PMID- 681533
TI  - Locus of control and perceived adjustment to life events.
AB  - Investigated the relationship between locus of control orientation and perceived
      adjustment to critical life events. The Locus of Control scale and a modification
      of the Life Events scale were group administered to undergraduate students. No
      significant difference was found between internal and external scorers in the
      number of life events experienced during the 2-year assessment period. As
      predicted, external scorers reported a significantly more difficult adjustment to
      life events than internal scorers. The results suggest that it may be important
      for educators and mental health professionals to promote an internal locus of
      control orientation as a preventive and remedial approach to adjustment problems.

PMID- 681534
TI  - Therapeugenic factors in psychotherapy: the use of psychological tests.
AB  - In the first part of the experiment all Ss were administered a battery of
      psychological tests that they were told would provide an accurate description of
      their personality. Two weeks later, Ss were contacted and asked to participate in
      the second half of the experiment. Half of the Ss were led to believe that the
      psychological assessment indicated that they could remain calm and relaxed when
      exposed to a stressful situation (therapeutic suggestion), while the other half
      did not receive this feedback (no suggestion). Half of the Ss then were exposed
      to a stressful situation (threat), while the other half were not (no threat); the
      effectiveness of the diagnostic predictions was assessed via physiological and
      self-report measures of arousal. Results indicated that (a) the threat
      manipulation was effective in creating stress; and (b) Ss given therapeutic
      suggestion feedback based on the psychological assessment were able to remain
      significantly more calm and relaxed in the experiment than Ss who did not receive
      therapeutic suggestions. Implications for the use of psychological testing and
      diagnostic feedback as a technique of social influence are discussed.

PMID- 681535
TI  - Some personality correlates of the A-B therapist scale for male and female
      medical students.
AB  - Provided more knowledge about the personality dimensions that underlie the A-B
      scale particularly with respect to potential sex differences. A-B scores of two
      samples, 155 male and 36 female medical students, were related to their scale
      scores from the Personal Orientation Inventory and the State-Trait Anxiety
      Inventory. Univariate analyses indicate that the present set of measures are
      related to A-B status for females, but not for males. For female medical students
      it appears that scoring as an A is associated with anxiety proneness, low self
      esteem, constriction and introversion, rigidity, dependence, and guilt feelings.
      Implications of the present results and recommendations for future research with
      the A-B dimension are discussed.

PMID- 681536
TI  - Biofeedback-assisted EMG reduction and subsequent self-disclosure.
AB  - A male E and a female E each conducted a single session of EMG biofeedback
      training with 24 male and 24 female Ss (N =96) under one of three conditions:
      verbal reinforcement presented contingently on EMG reduction, yoked noncontingent
      verbal reinforcement, and no verbal reinforcement. After the biofeedback session,
      all Ss completed a Journard Self-disclosure Scale. Sex of S and verbal
      reinforcement conditions did not affect EMG biofeedback performance, but Ss
      treated by the male E decreased EMG mean and standard deviation more than Ss
      treated by the female E (p less than .01). Ss who received noncontingent verbal
      reinforcement reported being least willing to disclose to the E (p less than
      .05). These results are discussed in terms of the interpersonal influences that
      may affect biofeedback performance and self-disclosure.

PMID- 681537
TI  - Coping effectiveness and dreams as a function of personality and dream recall.
AB  - Investigated the proposition that effectiveness of coping with daytime and dream
      stress would be influenced by personality style, as defined by the Repression
      Sensitization scale (R-S), and by dreaming style, as defined by frequent (F) or
      infrequent (I) questionnaire dream recall. The relationship between R-S and F-I
      dream recall also was explored. Ss kept dream diaries for 30 consecutive days.
      Sensitizers, who were I recallers, had very low daytime self-confidence scores.
      Repressors had more positive Dream Coping Scores than Sensitizers, and F
      recallers had more positive Dream Coping Scores than I recallers. Repressors had
      a positive morning mood, regardless of whether the ending of their dream was
      positive or negative. The morning mood of Sensitizers, particularly the I
      recallers, was dependent on the pleasantness-unpleasantness of the dream ending.
      R-S and F-I questionnaire dream recall had a low positive correlation; no
      relationship was found between R-S and F-I dream diary recall.

PMID- 681538
TI  - The interactive effects of instructional set, field dependence, and extraversion
      on the Holtzman Inkblot Technique.
AB  - Studied the interactive effects of examiner, instructional set, field dependence,
      and extraversion on the reactions of 81 males and 39 females to five Holtzman
      Inkblot Technique factor scores. Half of the Ss were told that the HIT was a
      measure of mental health and half that it was experimental in nature, which
      produced two instructional sets. Field dependence was measured with the Embedded
      Figures Test and extraversion by the Eysenck Personality Inventory. Subjective
      anxiety was tapped via the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Results revealed no
      differences among five examiners. However, three of the five HIT factors and the
      STAI were affected significantly by the instructional set. The effects, while
      significant, were not massive. Field dependence interacted with instructional
      set; field dependent Ss reacted with generally more changes in scores than did
      field independent S. Unlike field dependence, extraversion appeared unrelated to
      instructional set effects. The results are discussed in terms of how the factor
      scores interacted with the field dependence and instructional set in
      psychologically meaningful ways.

PMID- 681539
TI  - Semantic representations of drug terms by industrial workers.
AB  - Studied semantic representations of drug terms as a function of reported use of
      illicit drugs, with young-adult industrial workers as the Ss (college students
      served in a preliminary study). Procedures for describing semantic organizations
      included the semantic differential, similarity ratings, sorting, and verbal
      production of drug names. In general, structured representations of drug terms
      were produced, in line with the categories: illicit drugs, medicinal drugs,
      alcohol products, and substances containing nicotine or caffeine. Increased drug
      use was accompanied by more positive evaluations of illicit drugs on the semantic
      differential and more extensive clustering on the verbal production task. It was
      concluded that use of illicit drugs is accompanied by distinctive semantic
      representations, that these patterns mainly involve drugs used illicitly, and
      that they are most apparent on tasks in which responses are least constrained,
      such as verbal production.

PMID- 681540
TI  - Reliability and stability of the Comrey Personality Scales in a clinical setting.
AB  - Examined split-half reliabilities, retest reliabilities, and stability of the
      Comrey Personality Scales (CPS) (Comrey, 1970) for a Navy sample of 200 young
      drug abusers tested at the beginning and end of rehabilitation in a no-feedback,
      compulsory participation setting. The pre-rehabilitation split-half reliabilities
      for the eight personality scales ranged from .73 to .94, with an average of .85,
      and ranged from .74 to .91, with an average of .83, on the post-rehabilitation
      administration. Retest reliabilities for the eight scales were between .39 and
      .64, with an average of .52. Post-rehabilitation means were significantly higher
      on four of the eight scales, and one scale mean was significantly lower. It is
      concluded that the CPS is appropriate in a clinical setting in which test
      participation is compulsory and test feedback is not made available to the
      respondents.

PMID- 681541
TI  - Need similarity in husbands and wives who are receiving methadone maintenance
      therapy.
AB  - Investigated whether a common dimension of need similarity underlies marriages in
      which both partners are receiving methadone maintenance therapy. Thirty couples
      who were receiving methadone maintenance therapy for their heroin addiction were
      asked to complete the Marital Adjustment Test and Adjective Check List. A
      canonical correlation analysis was performed between the husbands' and wives'
      Adjective Check List need scores. One dimension was found that was related
      positively to the husbands' needs for Dominance, Affiliation, Heterosexuality,
      Exhibition, and Change, whereas the same dimension was related positively to the
      wives' needs for Achievement, Dominance, Endurance, and Intraception. It was
      concluded that Dominance revealed a complementary relationship in which the
      marriage was meeting the husbands' social needs and the wives' intrapsychic
      needs.

PMID- 681542
TI  - An expectancy-value theory approach to the long-term modification of smoking
      behavior.
AB  - Despite the research interest in modifying smoking behavior, therapeutic
      treatments that can produce long-term cessation have not been demonstrated
      rigorously. A follow-up study of two attitude change experiments (N = 173)
      examined the effects of a fear appeal, that is, increasing smokers' awareness and
      appreciation of the highly noxious consequences of smoking. Although this
      familiar type of information may be an integral component of many smoking
      treatment programs, its long-term suppressive effect has not been demonstrated in
      well-controlled experiments. The results disclosed that 3 months and also 1 year
      after treatment, a high-fear manipulation had increased significantly the
      percentage of smokers who were able to stop smoking completely.

PMID- 681543
TI  - The effect of marihuana intoxication on blood pressure.
AB  - Forty-eight experienced marihuana smokers were assigned to one of four groups:
      coltsfoot, placebo, low dose marihuana and high dose marihuana. While both
      marihuana groups showed significant increases in subjective ratings of
      intoxication and pulse rate, blood pressure readings were unaffected or showed a
      modest decrease. This latter finding is discrepant with previous studies and is
      explained in terms of a drug X person interaction present in those studies.

PMID- 681544
TI  - Internal-external control and withdrawal AMA from an alcohol rehabilitation
      program.
AB  - Male and female alcoholics who were participating in an in-patient rehabilitation
      program were given the Rotter internal-external control scale in order to
      determine whether there were differences between those who leave against medical
      advice vs. those who complete treatment. It was anticipated that AMA patients
      would have significantly higher scores than completers. The hypothesis was given
      some support for males (p less than .06) and was not supported for females. Males
      and younger patients also were more inclined to leave against medical advice.

PMID- 681545
TI  - Golgi-staining of "primary" and "secondary" motoneurons in the developing spinal
      cord of an amphibian.
AB  - The Golgi technique was used to study the morphology of spinal motoneurons at
      various stages in the early development of swimming behaviour in embryos and
      larvae of the palmate newt, Triturus helveticus ((Razoumowsky). The earliest
      motoneurons stained appeared to be associated with the Mauthner-cell system. The
      overall morphology of these "primary" motoneurons seems to be similar throughout
      the lower vertebrates and the distinctive characteristics found in earlier
      descriptions of those from caudate amphibia were probably due to
      misinterpretation. At about the time of hatching and development of low-frequency
      swimming behaviour, other motoneurons were found to innervate the axial
      musculature, cells with a central morphology different from those of the
      "primary" type. It was found likely that these "secondary" motoneurons innervate
      a separate muscle system concerned with tonic and "slow phasic" activity, while
      "fast phasic" acitivity in rapid swimming is supplied by "primary" cells.

PMID- 681546
TI  - The number and distribution of ganglion cells in the cat's retina.
AB  - The number of ganglion cells in the cat's retina, and the pattern of their
      distribution over the retina, have been reinvestigated. Criteria are presented
      for the identification of ganglion cells in Nissl-stained whole mounts, most
      particularly for the distinction between small ganglion cells and neuroglial
      cells, by reference to retinas with no ganglion cells (obtained by nerve section)
      and to areas to retina containing a population of only small ganglion cells
      (obtained by optic tract section). Using these criteria, the number of ganglion
      cells was counted in four retinas (mean total 116,250). The number of large or
      "giant" cells (presumably the somas of Y-cells and of alpha-cells) varied from
      4,200 to 7,100. Overall these cells comprised 4.0-6.3% of the total ganglion cell
      population. Their distribution over the retina showed a concentration around the
      area centralis, with a localized minimum density at the area centralis, and a
      concentration in the visual streak. These concentrations of large cells were
      quantitatively less than the concentrations of smaller cells in the area
      centralis and visual streak, so that the relative frequency of large cells was
      minimal (mean 1.6%) at the area centralis and increased steadily up to 5.5-6.9%
      in peripheral retina. Their relative frequency was distinctly lower along the
      visual streak than in peripheral retina above or below the streak.

PMID- 681547
TI  - Retinal abnormalities in the Siamese cat.
AB  - Ganglion cell density maps of the retinas of Siamese cats show the same major
      features of ganglion cell distribution as are found in normally pigmented cats,
      in particular the area centralis and visual streak. In the retinas of the seven
      Siamese cats investigated, however, the areas centralis was "underdeveloped" when
      compared with the normally pigmented cat. The peak ganglion cell density was
      lower and the ganglion cells usually larger than at the area centralis of the
      normally pigmented cat, and the characteristic blood vessel pattern around the
      area centralis was less developed. One animal showed a marked blood vessel
      abnormality, a vessel crossing the area centralis in each retina. In another
      animal, the distribution of ganglion cells appeared abnormal throughout the
      retina. Medium-sized, possibly X-type ganglion cells were lacking from all
      retinal areas, overall cell numbers were low and the distribution of ganglion
      cells showed a prominent visual streak.

PMID- 681548
TI  - The nasotemporal division of retina in the Siamese cat.
AB  - By sectioning one optic tract in Siamese kittens and allowing sufficient time for
      the affected ganglion cells to degenerate and disappear, we have obtained maps of
      the distribution of ipsi- and contralaterally projecting ganglion cells in the
      retina of the Siamese cat. As previous work predicted, many ganglion cells in the
      Siamese cat retina project contralaterally which, in the normally pigmented cat,
      would project ipsilaterally. The transition from the pattern of projection
      typical of nasal retina (all contralateral) to that typical of temporal retina
      (most ipsilateral) is much more gradual in the Siamese cat than in the normally
      pigmented cat, and is centred 1.7-3 mm temporal to the area centralis, instead of
      at the area centralis. In the Siamese cat only a few ganglion cells at the area
      centralis project ipsilaterally, as against nearly 50% in the normally pigmented
      cat. The proportion of ipsi-projecting cells reaches the 50% level 1.7-3.0 mm
      into temporal retina, and overall the zone of transition may be several
      millimetres wide, as against about 0.2-0.5 mm in in the normall pigmented cat.
      Evidence is presented that the degree of the abnormality of nasotemporal division
      varies between individual Siamese cats and that the abnormality is more severe
      among large or "giant" cells than among the population as a whole.

PMID- 681549
TI  - Estimate of the number of myelinated axons in the cat's optic nerve.
AB  - The number of myelinated axons in the cat's optic nerve has been estimated from a
      partial count of sections of the nerve examined by electron microscopy. The
      average count obtained from four nerves was 128,600 (range 112,800-147,200). This
      figure is within 10% of a previous estimate of the number of ganglion cells in
      the cat's retina, but is 33% lower than the only previous estimate of the number
      of these axons based directly on electron microscopy. Possible sources of the
      discrepancy are discussed. The functional implications of this total, in the
      context of earlier work on ganglion cell topography, are also discussed.

PMID- 681550
TI  - Sites on termination on the saccular macula of auditory nerve fibers in the
      goldfish as determined by intracellular injection of procion yellow.
AB  - Procion yellow dye was injected intracellularly into large auditory fibers of
      goldfish to  investigate the relationship between the response type of these
      fibers and their site of termination in the saccular macula. Fibers which
      responded to the rarefaction phases of sound were found to terminate on the hair
      cells located in the ventral half of the saccular macula, while those which
      responded to the compression phases were found to terminate on the dorsally
      located hair cells. A third group of fibers, which responded to both sound
      phases, was found to bifurcate outside the saccular macula and terminate on both
      dorsally and ventrally located hair cells. Some of the fibers of this group were
      found to trifurcate before entering the saccular macula. Results obtained in the
      present study, in conjunction with the findings on the orientation of hair cells
      within the sensory macula, can explain the mechanism underlying the presence of
      three different response types of fibers in the auditory nerve of the goldfish.

PMID- 681551
TI  - Fine structure of reactive cells in injured nervous tissue labeled with 3H
      thymidine injected before injury.
AB  - To examine the fine structure of blood mononuclear cells in injured nervous
      tissue, mice were given repeated injections of 3H-thymidine with the last
      injection at least 16 hours before injury. Under ether anesthesia the animals
      either were given a stab wound to the spinal cord or had their left hypoglossal
      nerve transected. The animals were killed at 2, 4, 8, or 16 days after injury.
      Tissue sections containing the spinal cord wound or both hypoglossal nuclei were
      prepared for electron microscopic radioautography, and all labeled cells were
      photographed. About half the labeled cells in the injured spinal cords and almost
      all the labeled cells in the nuclei of the injured hypoglossal nerves had nuclei
      with dark staining peripheral heterochromatin, dark cytoplasm with long cisternae
      of granular endoplasmic reticulum, and other ultrastructural features
      characteristic of the cells usually identified as microglia. The remaining
      labeled cells in the injured spinal cords were macrophages, fibroblasts, cells
      with pale nuclei, some of which contained cytoplasmic filaments, and vascular
      cells. Since uninjured nervous tissue has extremely few labeled cells and since
      3H-thymidine should be available for only a short time following injection, most
      of the labeled cells in this experiment should be derived from blood mononuclear
      cells. However, the possibility is discussed that some or all of the labeled
      cells may be intrinsic cells proliferating in response to the injury and labeled
      through reutilization of labeled DNA precursor material.

PMID- 681552
TI  - Altered retinal projections in brushtailed possum, Trichosurus vulpecula,
      following removal of one eye.

PMID- 681553
TI  - Reconstruction of trajectory of primary afferent collaterals in the dorsal horn
      of the cat spinal cord, using Golgi-stained serial sections.
AB  - Using Golgi-stained serial sections obtained at the sacro-caudal levels of the
      cat spinal cord, it was possible to reconstruct the trajectory of primary
      afferents. They were classified into two groups: reliable primary afferents
      directly traced from the dorsal root and probable primary afferents traced from
      the dorsal funiculus or Lissauer's tract. The diameters of the reliable primary
      afferents vary from 0.88-1.88 mum. According to their courses, reliable primary
      afferents as well as probable primary afferents were classified into three
      groups: the first is distributed to both medial and lateral halves of the dorsal
      horn, the second to the medial half, and the third to the lateral half.
      Commissural fibers were also observed among the probable primary afferents. The
      rostro-caudal and medio-lateral extents of reliable primary afferents are found
      to be between 250 and 950 mum and 270 and 700 mum respectively, while those of
      the probable primary afferents were between 125 and 670 mum and 270 and 1,640 mum
      respectively. These primary afferent fibers are connected with at least two or
      more laminae of the dorsal horn gray matter.

PMID- 681554
TI  - Scanning electron microscopic study of the otolithic organs in the bichir
      (Polypterus bichir) and shovel-nose sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus platorynchus).
AB  - The anatomy and ultrastructure of the sacculus, lagena, and utriculus of the ear
      of Polypterus bichir and Scaphirhynchus platorynchus were studied using the
      scanning electron microscope. The otolithic organs each contain a single dense
      calcareous otolith in close contact with a sensory epithelium (macula). The
      maculae have sensory hair cells typical of those found in other vertebrates,
      surrounded by microvilli-covered supporting cells. The hair cells on each macula
      are divided into several groups, with all of the cells in each group
      morphologically polarized in the same direction. The cells of the utricular
      macula in both species are divided into opposing groups in a pattern similar to
      that found in other vertebrates. The saccular and lagenar maculae are located in
      a single large chamber in both species. In Scaphirhychus the two maculae are on
      the same plane, while in Polypterus they are at right angles to one another. The
      hair cells on the saccular maculae of both species are divided into two
      oppositely oriented groups. In Scaphirhynchus the cells on the posterior half of
      the macula are oriented dorsally on the dorsal half of the macula and ventrally
      on the ventral half. The anterior region of the macula is rotated and the cells
      of the dorsal and ventral groups are shifted so that they are oriented on the
      animal's horizon plane. A similar pattern is found in Polypterus, except that
      this macula is shaped like a "J" with the vertical portion of the J having
      horizontal cells and the bottom portion vertical cells. The lagenar maculae in
      both species have dorsally oriented cells on the anterior side of the macula and
      ventrally oriented cells on the posterior half of the macula. While these data
      are not sufficient for clarifying the taxonomic relationship between the two
      species studied, it is clear that the ears in these species have a number of
      significant differences from the teleost ear that could have functional and/or
      taxonomic significance.

PMID- 681555
TI  - Smooth and sparsely-spined stellate cells in the visual cortex of the rat: a
      study using a combined Golgi-electron microscopic technique.

PMID- 681556
TI  - Myelin sheath thickness and conduction latency groups in the cat optic nerve.
AB  - In many animals, the optic nerve has multiple conduction latency groups of fibres
      yet displays a unimodal frequency distribution of fibre sizes. An attempt has
      been made to resolve this discrepancy in the cat. Examination of teased
      preparations of fixed cat optic nerve fibres by polarizing interference light
      microscopy indicated that a fibre's size may change abruptly along its length.
      Furthermore, the diameters of single nerve fibres followed for distances of up to
      30 mum in serial transverse sections of cat optic nerve showed variations of up
      to 100% of a fibre's average diameter over that distance. On the other hand, the
      myelin sheath thickness of these fibres appeared to be relatively constant along
      any one fibre. A population of cat optic nerve fibres which had a unimodal axon
      diameter frequency distribution was found to have a myelin sheath thickness
      frequency distribution with five modes. These modes have been interpreted as
      indicating the existence of five groups of fibres in the cat optic nerve. Four of
      these groups may be related to four negative peaks seen in the antidromic
      compound action potential recorded at the margin of the cat optic disc following
      stimulation of the optic chiasm. The fifth myelin thickness group appears to
      represent the slowly conducting fibres which do not make an obvious contribution
      to the antidromic compound action potential. It is concluded that for the cat
      optic nerve, the conduction latency groups seen in the compound action potential
      may be more directly correlated with the frequency distribution of fixed nerve
      myelin thickness than with the frequency distribution of fixed nerve fibre
      diameter.

PMID- 681557
TI  - A light and electron microscopic study of the pineal in the blind goby,
      Typhlogobius californiensis (Pisces: Gobiidae).
AB  - The pineal of the burrow-inhabiting, blind goby, Typhlogobius californiensis, was
      studied by light and electron microscopy. The two predominant cell types were
      photoreceptor and supportive cells. Ganglion cells could not be positively
      identified. The majority of photoreceptor cells had well developed outer segments
      and made apparent synaptic contact with nerve processes of unknown origin.
      Similar unmyelinated nerve fibers containing dense-cored vesicles were seen
      descending the pineal stalk. The cytoplasm of supportive cells contained several
      Golgi zones, occasional dense aggregations of smooth endoplasmic reticulum,
      abundant quantities of glycogen, some dense-cored vesicles and unusual rod
      crystalline inclusions measuring approximately 0.5 micrometer in width and 4-5
      micrometer in length. These observations suggest that the pineal in this light
      deprived species has retained its photoreceptive function and is a metabolically
      active organ which may also function in secretion.

PMID- 681558
TI  - Postnatal synaptogenesis in the rat interpeduncular nucleus.
AB  - The rat interpeduncular nucleus (IPN) was studied by electron microscopy from the
      day of birth to 33 days of age. The habenulointerpeduncular (H-IPN) axons, the
      principal afferents to IPN, were prominent at birth, occurring in large groups.
      They formed occasional S synapses en passant at this time. S synapses
      subsequently increased progressively in number and maturity until 28 days of age.
      Crest synapses, also formed by the H-IPN axons, appeared at eight days without a
      recognized formative stage. They exhibited their diverse adult morphology by 14
      days of age. F synapses, endings of uncertain origin that contain flattened
      vesicles, were seen at 21 days, although endings containing small vesicles at 14
      days represented the same population. Axosomatic synapses were first seen at four
      days and remained infrequent subsequently. Dendritic growth cones had their
      maximal prevalence at birth, decreased at four days and were absent by six days
      of age. Thus each of the four synaptic types previously described in the adult
      rat IPN exhibited a characteristic time of appearance and pattern of development
      in normal rat pups. This well-ordered sequence of synaptogenesis makes the  H-IPN
      system well suited for a study of synaptic plasticity.

PMID- 681559
TI  - Effect of neonatal deafferentation on synaptogenesis in the rat interpeduncular
      nucleus.
AB  - Changes in the normal synaptogenetic pattern of the interpeduncular nucleus (IPN)
      were induced by destruction of one or both habenular nuclei in neonatal rats. The
      S synapses, the principal habenulointerpeduncular (H-IPN) afferents, were reduced
      in number and delayed in time of appearance by unilateral lesions. They were
      eliminated by bilateral lesions. The crest synapses,  also of habenular origin,
      appeared at ten days of age and were apparently normal in structure after
      unilateral lesions. However, this actually represented a change in connectivity,
      since normal crest synapses are of bilateral origin. Following bilateral
      habenular lesions abnormal crest synapses appeared at 28 days of age. These had
      normal postsynaptic structure, but presynaptically were formed by non-habenular
      axons, usually of two different types of each crest synapse. Lesions induced an
      early appearance of F synapses, at three days, instead of the normal time after
      six days of age. Apparently similar processes containing flattened vesicles
      formed somatic contacts only in lesioned animals beginning at 21 days of age. The
      axosomatic synapses which were only occassional in the adult appeared at the
      normal time in lesioned animals. At 28 days of age in both unilaterally and
      bilaterally lesioned animals there was an increase in the number of somatic
      synapses. This increase was due to an increase of the normal somatic endings plus
      the appearance of somatic synapses containing flattened vesicles. Both types of
      somatic contacts were found in similar numbers at subsequent ages up to three
      months. The changes in S synapses represent Wallerian degeneration. The formation
      of unilaterally derived crest synapses in unilaterally lesioned animals is
      interpreted as evidence for a specific recognition mechanism. A postsynaptic
      control mechanism is proposed to explain the formation of heterologous crest
      synapses, with the usual distinctive geometry but involving abnormal, non
      habenular presynaptic elements four weeks following neonatal bilateral lesions.
      The increase in axosomatic synapses is unusual since the dendrites of IPN neurons
      were deafferented, not their somata. The factors leading to the changes in
      somatic synapses are discussed. The findings reveal new examples of the
      complexity of neuronal adaptation to CNS lesions in early life.

PMID- 681560
TI  - Development of species identification in ducklings: IV. Change in species
      specific perception caused by auditory deprivation.
AB  - The purpose of the present experiments was to identify the change in species
      specific perception that underlies the aurally deprived ducklings' lack pf
      preference or discrimination in the mallard versus chicken call test. Among other
      acoustic differences, the mallard and chicken maternal calls differ in repetition
      rate (3.7 and 2.3 notes/sec, respectively). The present experiments showed the
      dimension of repetition rate to be uppermost in the perceptual hierarchy
      underlying the auditory aspect of species identification in Peking ducklings. The
      relatively narrow species-typical repetition-rate preferences of normal Peking
      ducklings (about 4--6 notes/sec) is lacking in the aurally deprived ducklings,
      and they respond to lower rates than usual (2.3 notes/sec). This broadening of
      the range of responsiveness on a perceptual dimension (repetition rate) that is
      basic to species identification accounts for the devocal ducklings' lack of
      discrimination in the mallard versus chicken call test.

PMID- 681561
TI  - Frequency selectivity in the parakeet (Melopsittacus undulatus) studied with
      psychophysical tuning curves.
AB  - Seven parakeets were trained to avoid shock during pure-tone stimulation. A
      modified method of limits was used to measure detection thresholds of the pure
      tones. The intensity of masker tones, at numerous frequencies, was varied in
      order to measure the masked threshold of a probe-tone signal set at a fixed
      frequency and intensity. Masking curves were obtained for three probe tones (.63,
      1.6, and 2.5 kHz) at each of five sensation levels (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 dB).
      The masking curves from this procedure are frequently referred to as
      "psychophysical tuning curves" and provide an indication of frequency
      selectivity. The results are compared with analogous data in other species and
      suggest that frequency analysis in the parakeet ear is somewhat less accurate
      than in the mammalian ear.

PMID- 681562
TI  - Chick vocalization and emotional behavior influenced by apomorphine.
AB  - For the purpose of studying the role of dopamine (DA) in the causation of
      vocalization and other behavior in domestic chicks, 5-day-old birds were injected
      with 1 mg/kg doses of apomorphine hydrochloride, and their behavior was recorded
      by methods of direct observation. The effects of the drug on birds with bilateral
      lesions of the intercollicular nucleus (a vocal area) and on birds pretreated
      with the DA antagonists pimozide and haloperidol were also examined. In intact
      chicks, apomorphine induced trills, facilitated twitters, and inhibited warbles.
      Pecking at conspicuous objects in the cage and locomotion were increased, whereas
      the duration of eye closure was reduced. In chicks with lesions there was no
      facilitation of trills, twitters, or pecking, whereas the other drug-induced
      behavioral effects were as in intact chicks. Dopamine antagonists blocked the
      trills and twitters facilitated by apomorphine but did not protect against the
      inhibition of warbles. It is concluded that trills, twitters, and pecking are
      produced by activation of dopaminergic mechanisms. It is hypothesized that some
      of the behavior induced by apomorphine, especially vocalization and pecking, are
      a consequence of altered states of attention induced by the drug.

PMID- 681563
TI  - Influence of gonadal hormones and sexual behavior on ultrasonic vocalization in
      rats: I. Treatment of females.
AB  - Ultrasonic vocalizations were measured when male rats were placed with
      ovariectomized females that had experienced various hormonal and behavioral
      treatments. In Experiment 1, 18 males were tested with females in each of the
      following conditions: nonestrous (OVX), estrogen treated (E), estrogen and
      progesterone treated (EP), and estrogen and progesterone treated and given two
      intromissions from a stud male prior to testing (EPI). Control conditions
      included clean cage (CL) and cage soiled by an estrous female (SOI). The
      treatments differed in effect on rate and maintenance of vocalization: EP greater
      than E greater than EPI = OVX greater than SOI greater than CL. In tests in which
      males produced a high rate of vocalization, some males with short intromission
      latencies shifted from the normal 50-kHz pulse to a 22-kHz pulse. In Experiment
      2, the effect of the female's vocalization and movement on the rate of and
      latency to vocalization was measured. Twenty-one males were presented with each
      of the following stimulus conditions: estrous female with red light (EP), estrous
      female without red light (EP dark), estrous anesthetized female (EP anes), and
      nonestrous anesthetized female (OVX anes). Effects on vocalization of various
      treatments were as follows: EP = EP dark greater than EP anes greater than OVX
      anes. These data suggest that the 50-kHz vocalizations constitute a graded
      response influenced by the female's hormonal and sexual condition.

PMID- 681564
TI  - Movement discrimination capacities in the cat.
AB  - Cats were trained to discriminate moving from nonmoving targets or one direction
      of movement from another. Various stimulus changes, e.g., size, direction, and
      rate, were then introduced as a test for generalization of the dimension of
      movement. Thresholds for detection for minimal movement were also determined. The
      results showed that (a) for cats, discrimination of movement is more difficult
      than discriminations based on brightness; (b) the dimension of movement is
      completely generalized across stimulus configuration but incompletely generalized
      for direction of movement; (c) the mean movement detection threshold was found to
      be 3.3 degrees/sec; (d) the thresholds for minimal movement and direction of
      movement were essentially identical; and (e) stimulus-viewing strategies were
      found to play an important role in the threshold determinations. The results of
      the generalization tests are consistent with the physiological properties of
      neurons found to be sensitive to movement in the cat visual system. The movement
      threshold values were found to lend support to the view that resolution and slow
      movement thresholds are correlated.

PMID- 681565
TI  - Water and NaCl intake after furosemide treatment in sheep (Ovis aires).
AB  - Intravenous infusion of the natriuretic drug furosemide in sheep led to the
      excretion of large quantitites of hypotonic urine. The sheep consumed more water
      than was needed simply to restore osmotic equilibrium. The stimulus for the
      additional intake was presumably hypovolemia resulting from the loss of sodium in
      urine. Despite the natriuresis, in only 2 of 15 experiments did sheep drink
      significant amounts of .5 M NaCl solution during the first 10 hr after the onset
      of furosemide treatment, and hemoconcentration and arterial hypotension were
      evident during this time. By 24 hr, however, the saline consumption in all but
      three experiments had increased and compensated adequately (together with the
      water intakes) for the furosemide-induced loss of sodium-rich fluid in urine.
      These results provide evidence that following acute hypovolemia in sheep, as in
      rats, the onset of sodium appetite is delayed relative to the appearance of
      thirst.

PMID- 681566
TI  - Response suppression on DRL by rats with septal damage.
AB  - The effectiveness of the differential reinforcement for low rates of responding
      (DRL) contingency in suppressing response rates of septal rats was investigated
      by using a Multi-DRL-yoked-VI (variable interval) schedule of reinforcement. The
      yoking procedure equated the interreinforcement times on the two schedules. Each
      schedule was in effect for half of each session, and the change in schedule was
      signaled by the presence or absence of a cue light. Schedule order and DRL delay
      requirement were varied. For both normal and septal rats, the response rates were
      higher in the VI component than the DRL component; this effect demonstrates that
      the responding of septals as well as normals is suppressed by the differential
      reinforcement of a particular class of IRTs. A sharp difference in the level of
      responding occurred at the point of transition from one component of the multiple
      schedule to the other, which provides evidence of a discrimination between the
      two schedules for both normals and septals. The conclusion is that the responding
      of septals is suppressed by the DRL contingency and not controlled solely by the
      density and distribution of reinforcement.

PMID- 681567
TI  - Effect of self-determined intravenous infusion of hypertonic NaCl on Na appetite
      of sheep.
AB  - The time delay that occurs between a rapid, systemically produced change in Na
      balance and a change of voluntary Na intake was examined in Na-deficient sheep
      with a parotid fistula. They were trained to bar press in order to replace a
      daily Na deficit of 300--500 mmol. During basal conditions on different days,
      each delivery to a drinking cup consisted of either a small or a large amount of
      NaHCO3 solution. In the experimental situation, the small amount of NaHCO3 was
      delivered to the cup, but total Na delivered was made to equal that of the large
      amount by automatic concurrent infusion of hypertonic NaCl intravenously with
      each delivery to the cup. As a control, the concurrent intravenous infusion was
      .15 M NaCl, which had little influence on Na balance. A significant difference in
      the cumulative number of deliveries between the hypertonic and isotonic NaCl
      infusion conditions occurred by 10--20 min. It is concluded that systemic
      injections of hypertonic NaCl are effective within 10 to 20 min in reducing the
      sodium appetite of Na-depleted animals.

PMID- 681568
TI  - Effects of experience on interocular transfer of pattern discriminations in split
      chiasm and split-brain cats.
AB  - Interocular transfer of monocularly learned pattern discriminations was found to
      be imperfect in split-chiasm cats but to improve as a result of specific practice
      with interocular transfer tasks. Section of the forebrain commissures
      subsequently performed in these animals abolished immediate interocular transfer
      of pattern discriminations. However, there were some savings in reattaining the
      learning criterion with the second eye. Other cats that learned the same
      discriminations monocularly but had sustained a combined section of optic chiasm
      and forebrain commissures before learning showed no indication of interocular
      transfer. These data suggest that the commissural systems involved in interocular
      and interhemispheric transfer of pattern discriminations may be modified by
      practice and learning. Further, it is possible that the intervening transfer
      experience between the section of the optic chiasm and that of the forebrain
      commissures results in the persistence of some capacity for interocular transfer
      of pattern discriminations after commissurotomy. However, this residual capacity
      may be negligible when compared with the capacity for interocular transfer of
      split-chiasm cats with intact forebrain commissures.

PMID- 681569
TI  - Escape from deficits in sodium intake after thalamic lesions as a function of
      preoperative experience.
AB  - Saline and water intakes in response to treatments with a natriuretic agent and a
      mineralocorticoid were studied in intact rats and in rats with lesions centered
      in the taste delay of the thalamus. Intact rats responded to the treatments by
      increasing both saline and water intake. Rats with thalamic lesions that had
      never drunk saline prior to induction of the lesions generally did not increase
      their saline intake in response to the treatments but showed normal increases in
      water intake. In contrast, rats with thalamic lesions that had drunk saline prior
      to induction of the lesions showed normal increases in both saline and water
      intake. Preoperative experience of sodium need did not protect rats against the
      lesion-induced deficit.

PMID- 681570
TI  - Insulin and glucagon as determinants of body weight set point and microregulation
      in rats.
AB  - Seven adult male rats were observed for body weight and microregulation (feeding,
      drinking, and running patterns) after manipulation of insulin and glucagon
      levels. They received three injections per day for 3 days each week of 3 U of
      protamine zinc insulin, .25 mg of zinc glucagon, 50 microgram of protamine zinc
      somatostatin (SRIF), or protamine zinc vehicle. Diabetes was then induced with an
      iv injection of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg), and the injection schedule was
      repeated after the full diabetic syndrome emerged. In all rats whose insulin
      levels were increased relative to glucagon levels, body weight increased; in
      those whose glucagon levels were increased relative to insulin levels, body
      weight decreased. All injections except vehicle reduced meal sizes in both normal
      and diabetic rats, but only insulin increased the frequency of feeding. These
      effects could be predicted by the glucostatic theory of food intake regulation
      and are thus interpreted as supportive of this theory. These results also support
      the hypothesis that the relative concentration of insulin to glucagon is a
      regulator of body weight set point.

PMID- 681571
TI  - Epidermolytic hyperkeratosis. Incidental findings in the epidermis and in the
      intraepidermal eccrine sweat duct units.

PMID- 681572
TI  - Condyloma acuminatum of the nipple.

PMID- 681573
TI  - Multiple agminate juvenile melanoma.

PMID- 681574
TI  - Dyskeratosis benigna intraepithelialis mucosae et cutis hereditaria. A report of
      this disorder in father and son.
AB  - A congenital syndrome affecting the skin, oral mucosa and bulbar conjunctiva is
      reported in father and son. Skin lesions consisted of brownish papules with
      central keratotic plugs. Trauma was able to provoke lesions. In addition, changes
      of oral mucosa with premature loss of the teeth, and recurrent eye symptoms with
      conjunctivitis were present. Histological examination of specimens from skin,
      oral mucosa and conjunctiva revealed a uniform picture of dyskeratosis (single
      cell keratinization). The symptoms reported do not seem to fit into any of the
      existing muco-cutaneous syndromes. An autosomal dominant mutation is suggested as
      the cause of the disease.

PMID- 681575
TI  - Cutis laxa (generalized elastolysis). A report of four cases with autopsy
      findings.
AB  - Four children with cutis laxa (generalized elastolysis) are reported. The first
      three cases were siblings from a Canadian Indian family and the fourth case was
      the only affected child in an American Black family. Loose and sagging skin
      folded over the face, neck and trunk, gave a premature senile appearance. Post
      mortem examination was performed on the first three cases. The most common and
      serious visceral involvement was development of pulmonary emphysema. This was
      present in two autopsied cases and was demonstrated by chest X-ray in the fourth
      case. Other abnormalities included large inguinal and perineal hernia, rectal
      diverticulum and multiple diverticulae of the urinary bladder.

PMID- 681576
TI  - 3H-thymidine labeling of epidermis in morbus Darier.
AB  - 3H-thymidine incorporation into epidermal cells of four patients with morbus
      Darier was studied by an in vitro technique. The labeling index counted on 0.5 mu
      thick plastic sections was 13.7 +/- 5.3, indicating increased epidermopoieses in
      morbus Darier.

PMID- 681577
TI  - Scleroderma.

PMID- 681578
TI  - Lipid metabolism in non-uremic and uremic dogs during and after hemodialysis with
      acetate.
AB  - Plasma triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations were elevated in dogs after
      nephrectomy induced uremia. Plasma triglyceride concentrations remained constant
      during a 4-hour period of hemodialysis of uremic and non-uremic dogs against an
      acetate concentration of 39.5 mM (delivering 3 mEq/Kg/hr) plus infusion of 12.5
      muCi/Kg/hr of acetate-1-14C, but rose progressively following dialysis.
      Radioactivities in plasma phospholipids, triglycerides and cholesteryl esters
      increased during dialysis and continued to rise in the post dialysis period,
      whereas 14C activity in free fatty acids and free cholesterol increased during
      dialysis and decreased post-dialysis. Acetate 14-C incorporation into plasma
      triglycerides was similar in the uremic and non-uremic groups, but incorporation
      into plasma cholesterol was higher in the uremics. Liver triglyceride
      concentrations and radioactivities at 12 hours were higher in the uremic dogs. At
      this time, adipose tissue 14C incorporation was also higher in uremic dogs but no
      differences were observed in aorta, heart or sciatic nerve incorporation. The
      results suggest that acetate may contribute to the increased plasma triglyceride
      concentrations observed following dialysis, and that uremia further accentuates
      acetate incorporation into plasma cholesterol and liver triglycerides.

PMID- 681579
TI  - Augmented peritoneal mass transport with intraperitoneal nitroprusside.
AB  - Lightly restrained, alert New Zealand white rabbits underwent peritoneal dialysis
      by percutaneous instillation of standard dialysis solution with or without
      intraperitoneal nitroprusside. Corrected to a mean intraperitoneal dwell time of
      36 minutes, mean clearances of creatinine and urea were 0.74 and 0.90 ml/kg/min
      in six rabbits. With intraperitoneal nitroprusside, 1.13 mg/kg clearances
      increased to 1.13 and 1.30 ml/kg/min (p less than 0.01) respectively. The 53%
      increment in creatinine clearance maintained the ratio clearance larger/smaller
      solute suggesting increased peritoneal permeability and/or area. Lower
      nitroprusside doses were less effective and not significantly above control.
      Nitroprusside also increased clearances during hypertonic peritoneal dialysis,
      but had no effect on osmotically induced water flux. Lavage studies demonstrated
      a persistent effect of nitroprusside after a single exposure and a sustained
      effect with repeated use.

PMID- 681580
TI  - Critical appraisal of haemofiltration and ultra-filtration. The development of
      ultra-short dialysis: preliminary results.
AB  - The clinical experience obtained with 2 hours every other day recirculation
      dialysis, using 20-40 liters of dialysate, without sorbents, and standard
      cuprophane dialyzers of 1.0-1.5 sq.mt. is reported. So far, over 350 treatments
      in 8 patients have been performed. After 2 hours of treatment the removal of
      urea, creatinine, phosphate and uric acid, is similar to that obtained by 4-6
      hours of haemofiltration. The alkalinazation of the patient through direct venous
      infusion of bicarbonate, makes predialysis acid-base significantly better than in
      standard haemodialysis and haemofiltration. Asymptomatic correction of severe
      fluid overload is easily obtained like in isolated ultrafiltration. The role of
      osmolality and vasopressors are discussed. A dry weight below the value obtained
      by previous dialysis treatment is achieved, and volume dependent hypertensions as
      in haemofiltration are corrected after 2-8 weeks. As an additional advantage,
      this method offers a highly semplified technical approach and a further reduction
      of the dialysis time.

PMID- 681581
TI  - Self-care and home dialysis-role of social work.
AB  - Social work intervention in Self-Care involves evaluation, preparation, crisis
      intervention and ongoing assessment and support. Early introduction of this
      modality is considered vital and factors of age, education, socio-economic level,
      sensory and environmental conditions are considered in the evaluation process.
      The social work relationship with patients is described within the context of
      family and community supports. Experience has demonstrated that patients with pre
      existing adaptation problems may require more concentrated social work
      counseling. The goals of independence and rehabilitation are shown to be effected
      by patient motivation and economic restrictions. The social worker participating
      in the team approach is described as contributing to the patients opportunity for
      self-determination through patient advocacy, supportive services and social
      action. Self-Care patients are considered as having high potential for
      achievement and satisfaction.

PMID- 681582
TI  - Psychological aspects of self-care and home dialysis.
AB  - Self-care and home dialysis encourages the patient's active participation in his
      treatment which may enhance coping and adaptation to his illness. The
      psychological issues of dependence-independence, activity-passivity, and control
      and mastery are frequently referred to in the literature as being important in
      understanding the chronic stress of illness and treatment. The measure of
      successful coping should be determined by adaptive or maladaptive value of
      behavior rather than traditional concepts of normality or abnormality. Treatment
      planning and patient selection should be tailored to the psychological needs of
      the patient, the family and the staff. Several clinical vignettes are presented
      to illustrate that initial impressions of patient suitability for self-care and
      home dialysis may be deceiving. The medical staff plays an important role in
      influencing the patient's adaptation and coping.

PMID- 681583
TI  - Incidence of cervical cancer by marital status.
AB  - The incidence of invasive cervical cancer by age and marital status was examined,
      using census statistics and 1968--71 cancer registry data from women who lived in
      the Manchester Regional Hospital Board area. The relative rarity of the disease
      in the unmarried and its higher incidence in formerly married than in currently
      married women was confirmed. This higher incidence was shown to be mainly in
      widows under 50 and divorced women, suggesting that it is related to the
      association of the disease with number of sexual partners.

PMID- 681584
TI  - Monitoring of lead in the environment.
AB  - Children living near a lead works and children of employees at the works were
      selected in order to analyse the lead content of their blood as the biological
      counterpart of a monitoring exercise for lead in the environment. The overall
      mean for the 262 children in the survey was 0.91 mumol/l and results were within
      the normal reference range of 0.3 to 1.8 for all except two children. The results
      compared favourably with similar areas, and with a survey in the same area in
      1972. The mean for the 71 children of employees at the lead works was 1.02
      mumol/l, significantly higher than the mean for the other children in the survey
      (0.88 mumol/l). No appreciable differences were found in housing or wind
      direction. The means for all groups were unexceptional, but some of the
      differences were significant. Younger children had significantly higher blood
      lead levels than older children, and the group of 26 children with levels of 1.3
      mumol/l or more was doubly weighted with the youngest age group. After careful
      investigation, no deviations from normal health were found in this group. The
      weighting of younger children also contributed to the significance of the higher
      mean found for children living in the central half of the area.

PMID- 681585
TI  - The association between blood pressure and serum cholesterol in healthy men: the
      Oslo study.
AB  - The association between serum cholesterol and blood pressure (BP) has been
      studied in 16 525 men. The study reveals that these Oslo men in their forties
      present with a serum cholesterol value which is on average 0.71 mmol/l (27.4
      mg/100 ml) higher at diastolic BP greater than 110 mmHg than at BP less than 70
      mmHg. According to earlier studies in Oslo, this cholesterol difference alone
      imparts a 10-year myocardial infarction morbidity difference of 25--30%. These
      findings might be of practical importance for epidemiological studies and for
      preventive measures against the two factors. The influence of other variables on
      the association between blood pressure and cholesterol has been studied in a
      multivariate analysis. Of these variables, only body mass index and serum
      triglycerides significantly influence the relationship between blood pressure and
      cholesterol, whereas age, cigarette smoking, non-fasting blood sugar, season,
      socioeconomic status, and physical activity at work and leisure do not influence
      the correlation.

PMID- 681586
TI  - Interpregnancy interval. Association with birth weight, stillbirth, and neonatal
      death.
AB  - Pairs of first and second births and pairs of second and third births to the same
      Norwegian mothers were studied to determine the association between
      interpregnancy interval and birth weight, stillbirth, and neonatal death. Use of
      the pair approach provides one birth which could possibly have been affected by
      the length of the interval and one birth which could not. The association of
      interval and birth weight for births which precede an interval is found to be
      equivalent to that for births which follow an interval. The data on stillbirth
      are compatible with higher rates at long intervals while the data on neonatal
      death are consistent with higher rates at short intervals. However, we conclude
      that manipulation of the interval between pregnancies is unlikely to have any
      marked, direct, beneficial effect on outcome of pregnancy.

PMID- 681587
TI  - An epidemiological study of blindness in an Indian rural community.
AB  - A house-to-house survey of blindness in an Indian rural community covering a
      population of 20 134 in 12 villages revealed a prevalence rate of 35 blind and
      144 partially blind persons per 10 000 population. Blindness was significantly
      associated with the age, sex, marital status, occupation, and socioeconomic
      status of the respondents. Caratact, glaucoma, smallpox and trachoma were the
      main causes of blindness. Preventive measures can reduce the toll of blindness in
      such a community.

PMID- 681588
TI  - Changes in local clinical practice following an experiment in medical care:
      evaluation of evaluation.
AB  - The changes in clinical practice following a randomised controlled trial of early
      discharge for inguinal hernia and varicose veins are reviewed. A significant
      reduction in mean length of stay was recorded in the study area between 1970 (the
      year before the start of the study) and 1975 (two complete years after the
      study). This change was not found in two adjacent health districts.

PMID- 681589
TI  - Occupational mortality: work or way of life?
AB  - For more than 100 years the Registrar General has reviewed mortality in depth in
      a series of supplements relating extra information provided by decennial censuses
      to deaths in a period before and after the census. The volume describing
      occupationl mortiality in 1970--72 was recently published (Registrar General,
      1978). Here we consider in more detail one of the questions raised by
      occupational mortality studies: how much does mortality of an occupation group
      reflect work environment and how much way of life? We first describe the
      traditional method of distinguishing these direct and indirect influences (that
      is, the comparison of the mortality of men following an occupation with that of
      their wives) and then introduce an alternative which we call 'social class
      standardisation'.

PMID- 681590
TI  - A national study of asthma in childhood.
AB  - A history of asthma was obtained in 3.5% of a representative national sample of
      children aged 11 years. A further 8.8% had a history of wheezy bronchitis. In the
      12 months before the interview, 2% had experienced attacks of asthma and a
      further 2.9% attacks of wheezy bronchitis. Both conditions were significantly
      more common among boys than girls, and a history of asthma was reported more
      frequently among children from non-manual than from manual social classes.
      Children with frequent attacks of wheezing had lower mean relative weights. A
      history of eczema and hay fever was more frequently discovered in children with
      reported asthma than in those with wheezy bronchitis, whereas migraine or
      recurrent headaches, recurrent abdominal pain, and recurrent throat or ear
      infections were more commonly associated with wheezy bronchitis than with asthma.
      The modified Rutter home behaviour scale, which reflects the parental view of the
      child's behaviour, was significantly raised among children with a history of
      wheezing, but their school behaviour as judged by the Bristol social adjustment
      guide showed no such difference. In spite of increased absence from school
      because of illness, no differences were found in educational attainment between
      children with a history of asthma or wheezy bronchitis and those with neither
      condition.

PMID- 681591
TI  - Factors related to respiratory and cardiovascular symptoms in the United Kingdom.
AB  - Factors related to eight respiratory and cardiovascular symptoms have been
      studied in a sample of 12 736 men and women aged 37 to 67 living in England,
      Scotland and Wales. The prevalence of each of these symptoms was independently
      associated with increasing age, with lower social class, with living in wales,
      and with exposure at work to fumes or to dust, especially in mines or quarries.
      Prevalence of some symptoms was also increased in those who were divorced,
      separated or widowed, who took less exercise or who were seriously over or under
      weight. Respiratory symptoms increased with the number of cigarettes smoked, with
      level of inhalation, and with the smoking of plain rather than filter cigarettes,
      though the last two associations were significant only for some symptoms. Smokers
      who had given up for five years or more had levels of symptoms similar to those
      who had never smoked, while pipe and cigar smokers had markedly fewer symptoms
      than cigarette smokers. The relationship between smoking and cardiovascular
      symptoms was not as clear as the relationship between smoking and respiratory
      symptoms.

PMID- 681592
TI  - Parental smoking related to adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy in children.
AB  - Histories of adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy were ascertained, as well as smoking
      habits of both parents, using questionnaires answered by 3920 schoolchildren aged
      10 to 20. Adenoidectomy and/or tonsillectomy, considered as an index of repeated
      upper respiratory tract disease in early childhood, was very significantly
      related to the amount of smoking by each parent. This relationship persisted when
      age, sex, day nursery attendance, sibship size, and history of appendicectomy
      were controlled.

PMID- 681593
TI  - [Developmental mechanisms of morphological alterations in mammals aboard
      biological satellites].

PMID- 681594
TI  - [Immunohistochemical study of crystallin synthesis during lenticular
      morphogenesis in mice].

PMID- 681595
TI  - [Ultrastructural changes in the cells of mammary gland cancer at different stages
      of development].

PMID- 681596
TI  - [Effect of supraoptimal temperatures on bacteria and yeasts].

PMID- 681597
TI  - [Quantitative study of changes in the cellular composition of the spleen during
      growth of Walker carcinosarcoma].

PMID- 681598
TI  - [Thymus morphology of NZB strain mice following multiple administration of
      somatotropic hormone].

PMID- 681599
TI  - Inducing "schizophrenic" associations in normal subjects.

PMID- 681600
TI  - A study of childhood social competence, adult premorbid competence, and
      psychiatric outcome in three schizophrenic subtypes.

PMID- 681601
TI  - Encoding orientation and the remembering of schizophrenic young adults.

PMID- 681602
TI  - A picture integration task for measuring iconic memory in schizophrenics.

PMID- 681603
TI  - Interpersonal consequences of depression: responses to men and women enacting a
      depressed role.

PMID- 681604
TI  - Hyperactivity and learning disabilities as independent dimensions of child
      behavior problems.

PMID- 681605
TI  - Simple research paradigm for demonstrating subliminal psychodynamic activation:
      effects of oedipal stimuli on dart-throwing accuracy in college males.

PMID- 681606
TI  - Expectancies, alcohol, and sexual arousal in women.

PMID- 681607
TI  - Anger and dissociation: a case study of multiple personality.

PMID- 681608
TI  - Psychological correlates of unwanted pregnancy.

PMID- 681609
TI  - The relation between limb dominance, acceptance of disability, and the phantom
      limb phenomenon.

PMID- 681610
TI  - Anxiety and lateral cerebral function.

PMID- 681611
TI  - Size estimation, perceptual recognition, and cardiac rate response in acute
      paranoid and nonparanoid schizophrenics.

PMID- 681612
TI  - Body-image aberration in Schizophrenia.

PMID- 681613
TI  - Sex-role conflict in alcoholic women: myth or reality.

PMID- 681614
TI  - Effects of alcohol and cognitive set on sexual arousal to deviant stimuli.

PMID- 681615
TI  - Empirical basis for subgrouping the hyperkinetic/minimal brain dysfunction
      syndrome.

PMID- 681616
TI  - Performance, cognition, and physiological responding in test anxiety.

PMID- 681617
TI  - Comments on "a test of reciprocal inhibition" by Hoon, Wincze, and Hoon.

PMID- 681618
TI  - Dark hair and light eyes in female college students: a potential biologic marker
      for liability to psychopathology.

PMID- 681619
TI  - A methodological study of the effect of experimentally induced demand
      characteristics in research on nocturnal dreams.

PMID- 681620
TI  - Effects of stimulus frequency on two-tone suppression: a comparison of
      physiological and psychophysical results.
AB  - The effects of stimulus frequency on two-tone suppression were investigated in
      single auditory-nerve fibers of anesthetized cats and compared with human
      psychophysical data. In the physiological experiment, both average discharge rate
      and phase-locked activity were measured in response to one- and two-tone stimuli.
      The first component f1 produced an increase in rate above spontaneous activity
      when presented alone. The second tone f2 was always well below the fiber's
      characteristic frequency and was held at a fixed sound pressure level appropriate
      to produce two-tone suppression. Responses were plotted as a function of stimulus
      level of the first tone both alone and in the presence of f2. For different
      values of f1 with f2 fixed, suppression was maximum with f1 near fiber CF. In the
      psychophysical experiment, similar stimulus parameters of f1 and f2 were used as
      the masker in a forward-masker paradigm. In this experiment the addition of the
      second masker tone at frequency f2 could produce less masking of the signal. When
      f1 was varied with f2 fixed, the relative decrease in masking, analogous to
      suppression, was greatest when f1 was equal to the signal frequency.

PMID- 681621
TI  - Acoustically dependent latency shifts of BSER (wave V) in man.
AB  - The latencies of wave V in Brain Stem Evoked Responses (BSER) elicited by a set
      of acoustic transients were measured. The stimuli were produced by delivering
      pulses to two filters, arranged in series. The filters were set so that the
      maximum acoustic energy in the transients, i.e., filtered clicks, occurred at
      0.5, 1, 2, 4, or 8 kHz. The filtered clicks were presented via earphones at a
      rate of 30/s at 20, 40, or 60 dB HL to ten subjects with normal hearing. The
      latencies of wave V varied systematically with center frequency of the filtered
      clicks when they were each at the same HL. Stimuli presented at 40 dB HL produced
      the greatest opportunity for relating stimulus frequency to latency. The
      latencies for a smaller set of responses to stimuli presented at 10/s were the
      same as those for the principal data taken at 30/s. The changes in latency of
      wave V due to frequency are similar to those observed by other investigators in
      whole-nerve responses recorded in man.

PMID- 681622
TI  - The influence of middle-ear muscle contraction on auditory threshold for selected
      pure tones.
AB  - The influence of middle-ear muscle (MEM) contraction on auditory threshold has
      been measured for pure tones of 0.25, 0.5, and 1.5 kHz. The reflex-activating
      signal was a 3-kHz pure tone. Signal paradigms were chosen to reduce or eliminate
      the effects of binaural loudness summation, contralateral direct masking, and
      contralateral remote and backward masking effects, and to maximize the influence
      of MEM contraction. Results indicate that under no condition was behavioral
      threshold affected by the MEM contraction induced using a pure-tone stimulus of 3
      kHz, 105 dB SPL.

PMID- 681623
TI  - Amplitude-modulated noise: the detection of modulation versus the detection of
      modulation rate.
AB  - Modulation threshold, that is, the modulation depth required to discriminate a
      sample of amplitude-modulated (AM) noise from a sample of unmodulated noise, was
      measured as a function of modulation rate (16--320 Hz), modulator waveform (sine
      or square), and the bandwidth of the AM noise (0.5--8.0 kHz). Modulation
      threshold increases monotonically with modulation rate, sine-wave thresholds are
      greater than square-wave thresholds, and threshold rises as the bandwith of the
      AM stimulus decreases. These effects all support the use of some form of energy
      detection model to explain modulation threshold. The modulation thresholds were
      compared with pitch thresholds gathered under precisely the same conditions.
      Pitch threshold or, alternatively, rate threshold was taken to be the modulation
      depth required to decide which of two samples had the higher modulation; the rate
      difference was 20%--just over three semitones. In the region above about 70 Hz,
      rate threshold is essentially a constant multiple of modulation threshold,
      indicating that the primary constraint on rate threshold is the audibility of the
      modulation. Below 70 Hz, rate and modulation threshold diverge; it is argued that
      the limit on rate threshold in this region is probably the length of the
      correlation required to extract the periodicity.

PMID- 681624
TI  - Masking-level differences for repeated filtered transients.
AB  - Masking-level differences (MLDs) for the repeated high-pass (2000-Hz) and low
      pass (2000-Hz) 100-microseconds pulses were obtained as a function of the number
      of transient repetitions and the repetition rate. MLDs compared to the NoSo
      condition were obtained for the NoSpi and NoSd binaural configurations (Sd refers
      to the conditions in which there was a 1.1-ms interaural delay for the transient
      signals). MLDs of 11--14 dB were obtained for the low-pass transients independent
      of the number of transients, repetition rate, or type of binaural configuration.
      MLDs of 2--4 dB were obtained for the high-pass transients only if the transients
      were repeated 12 or more times. The results for the high-pass transients did not
      depend on the repetition rate or type of binaural configuration. The results
      suggest that high-frequency binaural auditory channels can process noisy low
      frequency temporal envelopes, but not as well as low-frequency temporal and
      spectral information.

PMID- 681625
TI  - Intensity of guitar playing as a function of auditory feedback.
AB  - Subjects played an electric guitar while auditory feedback was attenuated or
      amplified at seven sidetone levels varying 10-dB steps around a comfortable
      listening level. The sidetone signal was presented in quiet (experiment I) and
      several levels of white noise (experiment II). Subjects compensated for feedback
      changes, demonstrating a sidetone amplification as well as a Lombard effect. The
      similarity of these results to those found previously for speech suggests that
      guitar playing can be a useful analog for the function of auditory feedback in
      speech production. Unlike previous findings for speech, the sidetone
      amplification effect was not potentiated by masking, consistent with a hypothesis
      that potentiation in speech is attributable to interference with bone conduction
      caused by the masking noise.

PMID- 681626
TI  - Aural harmonics: estimation consistency from tone-on-tone masking measurements.
AB  - Amplitudes of inaudible "subjective" signals are inferred from tone-on-tone
      masking measurements. Several methodological issues are involved, e.g., the
      problems of how many and which measurements to include. To explore such sampling
      questions, sets of masked thresholds using a 250-Hz masker and a 500-Hz maskee
      are determined at various phase angles. These measurements are distributed into
      subsamples of (n=) 13, 9, 7, 5, or 4 each, and repeated estimates of the second
      aural harmonic inferred. For n greater than 4, these estimates averaged to within
      +/- 1 dB of one another,, although individual estimates vary considerably with
      the smaller n's (to 13 dB with n=4). Sets of five consecutive measurements also
      were analyzed when the masker : maskee phase angle was incremented in 90 degrees
      steps through two complete periods (of the maskee). Again, the reestimates for
      individuals can vary by at least 6 dB, but the averages over seven subjects
      remain within 2 dB of each other. Apparently, for n's of six or more, it matters
      little which masker: maskee phase angles are used to estimate the aural harmonic
      amplitudes.

PMID- 681627
TI  - Coffee worker's asthma: a clinical appraisal using the radioallergosorbent test.

PMID- 681628
TI  - Corticosteroid effect on immunoglobulins.
AB  - The corticosteroid (prednisone) effect on serum immunoglobulins in 9 atopic
      asthmatic patients who required corticosteroids for the control of asthma was
      evaluated. Serum immunoglobulins were determined before corticosteroids were
      administered, an average of 15 days while on corticosteroids, and again an
      average of 22 days after corticosteroids were discontinued. While on
      corticosteroids (averaging 16.8 mg prednisone daily) for 15 days, mean serum IgG
      was significantly decreased (-22%, p less than or equal to 0.01), mean serum IgA
      tended to be decreased (-10%), and mean serum IgM was essentially unchanged.
      Serum IgE was initially significantly increased (p less than 0.01) when compared
      to levels of other serum immunoglobulins (IgG,A,M). An average of 22 days after
      corticosteroids were discontinued, mean serum IgG was still significantly
      decreased (p less than 0.05), and mean serum IgA again tended to be decreased.
      Serum IgM remained unchanged and mean serum IgE now was significantly decreased
      (p less than 0.01). Corticosteroids appear to have a significant effect on levels
      of some serum immunoglobulins.

PMID- 681629
TI  - IgE response in heterophil-positive infectious mononucleosis.
AB  - Nineteen patients with heterophil-positive infectious mononucleosis were followed
      with serial blood sampling for an average of 14.6 mo. A preillness serum sample,
      obtained more than 2 mo before onset of illness, was available from 9 patients. A
      total of 141 samples were tested under identical conditions for total IgE levels
      by a paper-disc radioimmunoassay. Hematologic and serologic studies were also
      done. IgE changes showed a definite pattern, consisting of an elevation early in
      illness, rapidly followed by a significant drop reaching a nadir by the third
      month, then gradually returning to the preillness level (PIL) over a period of
      about a year. On the average, the peak was about 3 times the PIL, and the nadir
      about half the PIL. The IgE peak always coincided with the peak of atypical
      lymphocytes, and in no instance did it occur later than the peaks of other
      hematologic or serologic changes. No definite relationship was noted between IgE
      levels and the severity of illness. Heterophil-positive infectious mononucleosis
      is the first well-defined infectious disease found to be associated with such a
      pattern of IgE response.

PMID- 681630
TI  - Radiographic contrast media studies in high-risk patients.
AB  - Patients with prior anaphylactoid reactions (AR) to radiographic contrast media
      (RCM) are at increased risk for another reaction upon repeat exposure to RCM. One
      hundred one patients, who had prior AR to RCM, who gave informed consent, and who
      had an essential need for a  repeat RCM study, were pretreated with prednisone,
      50 mg orally every 6 hours for 3 doses ending one hour prior to RCM study, and
      diphenhydramine, 50 mg intramuscularly, one hour prior to RCM study. The repeat
      RCM study was then carried out using standard procedures with resuscitation
      equipment readily available. Ninety-six patients had no reaction. Five of the 101
      (4.95%) developed AR. These AR consisted only of mild urticaria or pruritus. No
      significant or life-threatening reactions occurred. Pretreatment decreases the
      risk in this population of patients and is recommended as standard prophylaxis
      for patients requiring RCM who have had a previous AR.

PMID- 681631
TI  - Farmer's lung disease among farmers with precipitating antibodies to the
      thermophilic actinomycetes: a clinical and immunologic study.
AB  - Farmers were evaluated for the presence of farmer's lung disease by serologic
      methods and by clinical histories. From a large farming population screened
      serologically, 40 of 92 farmers with precipitating antibodies to the thermophilic
      actinomycetes consented to be evaluated for clinical evidence of farmer's lung
      disease. Each subject completed a standardized questionnaire which was reviewd by
      a trained observer. On the basis of the questionnaire and an indepth clinical
      history, the subjects were grouped into those farmers who had a history of
      farmer's lung disease (38%), those with no history (50%), or a doubtful group
      (12%). When these groups were compared for radiologic changes, pulmonary function
      abnormalities, and immune function, no differences were discernible. None of the
      parameters tested were useful in predicting which farmer would develop clinical
      farmer's lung disease. The parameters tested did not provide reliable criteria
      for differentiating those patients who present without acute symptoms but relate
      a history of recurrent pulmonary illnesses associated with moldy forage.

PMID- 681632
TI  - Hymenoptera whole body extract therapy.

PMID- 681633
TI  - Behavioral science research in hospital foodservice. I. Work values of
      foodservice employees in urban and rural hospitals.

PMID- 681634
TI  - Behavioral science in hospital foodservice. II. Job satisfaction and work values
      of foodservice employees in large hospitals.

PMID- 681635
TI  - Nutritional status of elderly men and women.

PMID- 681636
TI  - Dietary status of lactating women. I. Nutrient intake from food and from
      supplements.

PMID- 681637
TI  - Dietary status of lactating women. II. Relation of nutritional knowledge and
      attitudes to nutritional intake.
AB  - Dietary practices of sixty-one nursing mothers who had been breast-feeding their
      infants an average of four months were examined in relation to their knowledge of
      nutrition and their attitudes about nutrition, taking vitamin supplements, meal
      preparation, and meal planning. The women were fairly knowledgeable about
      nutrition, and most exhibited an attitude that "nutrition is important".
      Nutritional knowledge, as measured by performance on a reliable test instrument,
      correlated well with the attitude that "nutrition is important" and with
      education. Nutritional knowledge also correlated well with four dietary factors
      used as dependent variables. Associations between nutrition-related attitudes and
      dietary factors were much less strong. Path analysis was used to test the
      knowledge-to-attitudes-to-behavior paradigm. Results, using multiple regression
      analysis, indicated that this model was not supported by the data. Rather, path
      analysis supported the model of attitudes-to-knowledge-to-behavior. This research
      suggests that nutrition education programs should adopt, as a primary goal, that
      of instilling positive attitudes about nutrition and demonstrating to learners
      that "nutrition is important". Once such attitudes have been formulated, ability
      to learn and comprehend nutritional facts and concepts will be facilitated, thus
      resulting in improved dietary intake of crucial nutrients.

PMID- 681638
TI  - Evaluation of a coordinated undergraduate program in dietetics.

PMID- 681639
TI  - A survey of undergraduate programs for the community practitioner.
AB  - The purpose of the survey of college and university undergraduate programs in
      community nutrition, community dietetics, and public health nutrition was to
      characterize undergraduate programs which prepared entry-level practitioners in
      order to facilitate planning at the graduate level. The survey, which sampled
      known problems areas, revealed the diversity, confusion, and accomplishments of a
      field of study that is changing. The rapid growth and early stage of development
      of many of the undergraduate programs suggested that measures may be taken to
      promote excellence in both undergraduate and graduate education. Specific
      problems in the organization, administration, and curricula of the programs
      surveyed were identified. Recommendations were made to the Association of
      Faculties of Graduate Programs in Public Health Nutrition and the State and
      Territorial Public Health Nutrition Directors to promote surveillance of these
      programs, to encourage problem-solving communications, and to conduct educational
      research. The report and the recommendations have been referred to the newly
      formed ad hoc committee of the joint associations for further action.

PMID- 681640
TI  - Entering private practice in dietetics.

PMID- 681641
TI  - Diabetes in pregnancy: metabolic changes and current management.

PMID- 681642
TI  - Legislative highlights. Bill S.3115, the National Disease Prevention and Health
      Promotion Act of 1978.

PMID- 681643
TI  - Dietitians as behavior--change agents.
AB  - The traditional relationship between the client and the dietitian or nutritionist
      has been that of student and teacher. In the past, a patient has received
      excellent dietary counseling and advice from the dietitian, but has often ignored
      what he or she has taught. Until recently, the referring physician could only
      blame the patient, the dietitian, or both for this failure. Dietitians needed
      some new tools. The behavioral sciences have taken a new look at the problems of
      obesity, including a new assumption, viz.at some time, the obese have learned to
      eat in a way that results in excess caloric intake. Treatment now includes not
      only nutritional and caloric instruction, but also an attempt to change eating
      habits and behaviors. With these new tools, the dietitian-teacher becomes a
      dietitian-behavior-change agent; in addition to food content, the context of food
      becomes important in dietary counseling. Although dietitians are not usually
      trained in behavioral counseling, the weight loss in groups led by dietitans,
      after only minimal instruction, is comparable to that reported for groups led by
      psychiatry residents.

PMID- 681644
TI  - Changing dietitians' attitudes toward client counseling.
AB  - Based on experiences with and observations of dietitians with responsibilities
      for client counseling, a course was designed to teach them the skills necessary
      to help clients manage their nutritional care at home, as well as to improve the
      dietitians' attitudes toward client education. A tool involving the development
      of Likert-type, summated scale was developed to measure dietians' attitudes.
      Statements were collected and subjected to item analysis. After such culling,
      statements discriminating between dietians with positive attitudes and those with
      less than positive attitudes were retained. During the first session of the
      class, the instrument was administered; the average mean value of the sample (N =
      30) was 3.63. The post-instruction mean score was 4.14. After the course,
      dietitians demonstrated more positive attitudes toward clients, educational
      methods, and client counseling.

PMID- 681645
TI  - Nutritional knowledge, attitudes, and food patterns of women athletes.
AB  - Nutritional knowledge, attitudes, and food patterns of women athletes at the
      University of Nebraska at Lincoln were studied. Mean test scores for nutritional
      knowledge were higher for questions relating to "nutrition for the athlete" than
      to "general nutrition." Attitudes toward nutrition were generally favorable, with
      a positive correlation between nutritional knowledge and attitudes. Athletes who
      had received some form of nutrition education had higher nutritional knowledge
      and attitude scores than those who had not. Respondents were especially concerned
      with diet as it relates to weight control; those with higher knowledge scores
      consistently followed food patterns for weight-control diets similar to those
      used in training and pre-event diets.

PMID- 681646
TI  - Physicians' opinions and counseling practices in maternal and infant nutrition.
AB  - Opinions and practices regarding maternal and infant nutrition of general
      practitioners, pediatricians, and obstetricians in the province of British
      Columbia were surveyed by mail questionnaires. Scores were significantly higher
      for physicians who: (a) Were female; (b) consulted with a nutritionist-dietitian;
      (c) had additional training; (d) attended continuing education programs; and (e)
      had studied nutrition in their medical school curriculum. Pediatricians' and
      obstetricians' practice scores were significantly higher than those of general
      practitioners. However, there were no significant differences among the nutrition
      opinion scores for the three groups of physicians.

PMID- 681647
TI  - Nutrient levels of some foods of Eskimos from Artic Bay, N. W.T., Canada.
AB  - Native food samples of caribou, seal, and arctic char were collected from
      resident Eskimos in Arctic Bay, N.W. T., and analyzed for nutrients. Caribou and
      seal meats were similar in protein and fat content in comparison with beef.
      Arctic char was above the average in protein and fat content for fish. Ascorbic
      acid was present in significant amounts only in baby seal liver. Thiamin,
      riboflavin, vitamin B12, folacin, and pantothenic acid content ranged from
      average to high for seal and carbiou meat, respectively, in comparison to
      published values for pork and beef. The vitamin B6 content of caribou meat was
      comparable to average values reported for pork and beef but was lower in seal
      meat. Baby seal liver contained similar levels of thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin
      B12, folacin, and pantothenic acid and less vitamin B6 than those reported for
      pork, beef, calf, and lamb liver. Arctic char was not appreciably different in
      these vitamins from other fish. The iron content of the Eskimo foods was higher
      than the meat group of the mixed Canadian diet. The macro mineral nutrients in
      these foods were comparable to those in beef and fish. The amino acid composition
      of caribou and seal meat was similar to beef, except that seal meat had a lower
      content of sulfur-containing amino acids and a much higher content of histidine.
      The sample of seal and arctic char were relatively high in concentrations of long
      chain unsaturated fatty acids.

PMID- 681648
TI  - Baked products for the fat--controlled, low--cholesterol diet.
AB  - Shortened cakes, sugar cookies, pastry, biscuits, muffins, and yeast bread were
      made with oil in place of hydrogenated shortening with little change in quality.
      Either 1 c. or 3/4 c. oil could be subsituted for hydrogenated shortening in
      shortened cakes, biscuits, muffins, and yeast bread. Sugar cookies were best when
      1 c. oil replaced 1 c. hydrogenated shortening. Pastry was best when 3/4 c. oil
      was substituted for 1 c. shortening. The effect of method of mixing on product
      quality often was greater than the effect of the amount of oil.

PMID- 681649
TI  - Stardate. I. Continuing education via communications satellite.

PMID- 681651
TI  - Stardate III. Workshop on patient nutritional assessment.

PMID- 681650
TI  - Stardate II. Workshop on financial management for nutritional care.

PMID- 681652
TI  - Report of the Task Force on Competencies, Council on Educational Preparation, the
      American Dietetic Association.

PMID- 681653
TI  - Legislative highlights. The relationship between diet and disease.

PMID- 681654
TI  - Pathology of centenarians. II. Urogenital and digestive systems.
AB  - The urogenital and digestive systems in 23 centenarians (7 males and 16 females)
      were examined pathologically. In the urogenital system, macroscopic scar
      formation, chronic pyelonephritis and arterio- and arteriolosclerosis of the
      kidney usually were pronounced. Six instances of prostatic glandular hyperplasia
      were demonstrated, and three of these were associated with well-differentiated
      adenocarcinoma. The testis, ovary and uterus usually showed a strong tendency
      toward atrophic changes. In the digestive system, senile atrophy of the liver and
      formation of colonic diverticula were noted. In this series of aged subjects,
      malignant lesions of the gastrointestinal tract were rare. It is also noteworthy
      that the unsuspected lesion of massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage associated
      with the various observed disorders might have been the cause of death in some of
      these centenarians.

PMID- 681655
TI  - Evaluation of goal attainment in geriatric settings.
AB  - Determination of the impact of programs designed to enhance the functional
      independence of geriatric residents requires prior specification of goals in
      terms that clearly indicate the desired outcomes. The Geriatric Resident Goals
      Scale (GRGS) is a listing of specific goals developed to provide a systematic
      means of assessing resident status and program effectiveness. For male residents
      in a VA Nursing Home Care Unit, the obtained internal consistency reliability
      coefficient was .97 (N = 198), and the reliability coefficient reflecting a
      combination of test-retest and interrater consistency was .95 (N = 22). For a
      group of 178 residents, the GRGS was predictive of level of independence ratings
      (r = .82) and mental status (r = .71). The data showed the GRGS to be a highly
      reliable and valid means of assessing the functioning of geriatric residents,
      lending support to an assessment process based on a listing of specific goals.
      The GRGS can be viewed as a general procedure that is adaptable to a range of
      geriatic settings and programs.

PMID- 681656
TI  - The nursing home and training in geropsychiatry.
AB  - Although the elderly have a higher incidence of mental illness than other groups,
      their need for psychiatric services is not being met adequately. This situation
      could be improved by providing psychiatrists with a broader education in aging
      and more extensive supervised experience in treating mentally ill old people at
      an early stage of their training. The Bronx-Lebanon Hospital established a
      program for this purpose in cooperation with the Daughters of Jacob Geriatric
      Center. Second-year residents in psychiatry are given regular assignments, under
      supervision, in this multiservice nursing home. They become knowledgeable about
      the aging process, gain a better understanding of the effect of physical,
      emotional and social factors on mental health in late life, and acquire a special
      competence and greater interest in treating the mentally ill aging. The success
      of the program suggests its value as a means of encouraging psychiatrists to take
      a more active and responsible role toward the aging.

PMID- 681658
TI  - An attributional approach to psychotherapy with the aged.
AB  - The continued growth of the number of aged persons potentially requiring
      psychotherapeutic service should be met with a concomitant increase in relevant
      theory and research. An attribution theory approach to individual psychotherapy
      with the aged is suggested insofar as it: 1) is explicitly responsive to the
      possible negative consequences of the old person's diminished use of social
      consensus to validate the interpretation of behavioral events, 2) is relatively
      concrete in terms of implementation, and 3) may be used on a short-term basis.

PMID- 681657
TI  - Carcinoma of the liver: cytopathologic diagnosis.
AB  - Primary cancer of the liver is a rare disease, especially in countries with
      temperate climates. It is reported to be found in only 0.3% of all autopsies in
      these countries. An exact diagnosis is not always easy, especially in the
      elderly. In three aged patients, cytologic examination of material obtained from
      the liver by aspiration after puncture with a thin needle, indicated the
      diagnosis. Cytologic examination of aspirated liver tissue, although it can never
      be a substitute for biopsy, may be very useful not only in diagnosis but in
      monitoring the treatment of obstructive jaundice in elderly patients.

PMID- 681659
TI  - Occult cardiac arrhythmias associated with falls and dizziness in the elderly:
      detection by Holter monitoring.
AB  - Sixteen elderly patients with occult cardiac arrhythmias presented with signs of
      neurologic dysfunction that often had led to traumatic falls. Holter
      electrocardiographic monitoring was a valuable tool in defining the arrhythmia
      for which specific treatment was successful.

PMID- 681660
TI  - Falls in the institutionalized elderly.
AB  - The reports on 72 of 190 accidents occurring among 189 nursing home residents
      during a 3-month period were drawn at random and reviewed. The majority of the
      accidents were falls, either major or minor. Personal data on the residents
      included age, sex, mental status, number of diseases, and number of drugs
      administered. Data on environmental factors included the time of day and location
      of the accident, and the concomitant nursing staff patterns. Women of advanced
      age were more likely to be involved in a major fall, whereas younger men were
      more likely to be involved in a minor one. Alert, wheelchair-bound elderly
      patients were at the highest risk, whereas those who used assistive devices were
      at the lowest risk. Falls were directly related to the number of diseases present
      and the use of drugs. Most accidents occurred at the bedside during the evenings
      and nights, with the greatest frequency during the changes in nursing shifts or
      when the patient was either rising or retiring.

PMID- 681661
TI  - The full spectrum of optometric care--an exciting story that needs to be told.

PMID- 681662
TI  - The age of communication.

PMID- 681663
TI  - Market reality ... what it means and how we get it.

PMID- 681664
TI  - Using advertising to communicate and motivate.

PMID- 681665
TI  - The dues dollar.

PMID- 681666
TI  - Reinforcing optometry's role as a primary eye care profession.

PMID- 681667
TI  - Why the mandatory assessment?

PMID- 681668
TI  - Promoting the AOA optometrist.

PMID- 681669
TI  - The importance of the proposed national consumer communications program to
      schools and colleges of optometry and their students.

PMID- 681670
TI  - Communications and quality care.

PMID- 681671
TI  - The full scope of communications.

PMID- 681673
TI  - Manuscript preparation for articles in scientific/medical journals.

PMID- 681672
TI  - Consumer involvement--consumer education.

PMID- 681674
TI  - Four concepts held by modern optometry/their origin...and...their future.

PMID- 681675
TI  - Current regimens of functional optometric care.

PMID- 681676
TI  - Prevention and enhancement: the future of functional optometry.

PMID- 681677
TI  - OEPF--the organization--its structure and support.

PMID- 681678
TI  - Management guidelines for optometric screening for high blood pressure.

PMID- 681679
TI  - Corneal distortion occurring during sleep.

PMID- 681680
TI  - Papulosquamous disorders of the feet.

PMID- 681681
TI  - Some genodermatoses affecting feet.

PMID- 681682
TI  - Pedal complications of systemic lupus erythematosus: a case history.

PMID- 681684
TI  - Malignant melanoma: a review of the literature and a case report.

PMID- 681683
TI  - Cutaneous manifestations of the dysproteinemias: with a case report.

PMID- 681685
TI  - Malignant melanoma.

PMID- 681686
TI  - Basal cell carcinoma: a review of the literature and case report.

PMID- 681687
TI  - Molluscum contagiosum: a case report.

PMID- 681688
TI  - Peripheral arteriovenous fistulas: a report of  two unusual case histories.

PMID- 681689
TI  - Case records of the California Podiatry Hospital. A clinicopathologic exercise:
      Bacterial foot infection secondary to tinea pedis.

PMID- 681690
TI  - Psoriasform dermatitis versus premycosis fungoides: a case report.

PMID- 681692
TI  - Prevalence of dermatologic problems of the lower extremity: a survey of the
      Dermatology Clinic of the Bronx Veterans Administration Hospital.

PMID- 681691
TI  - Lymphedema praecox and yellow nail syndrome: a literature review and case report.

PMID- 681693
TI  - [Contraception and antenatal care (author's transl)].
AB  - Taking a representative sample selected from 11,220 deliveries the authors set
      out to study the interrelationship between contraception, antenatal care and
      socio-cultural factors. They show that there is a liaison between the first two
      variables even taking account of the socio-cultural factors which were found.
      This result leads to the conclusion that the spread of contraceptive information
      brings with it an improvement in the statistics for perinatal results.

PMID- 681694
TI  - [The histogenetic significance of dysplastic lesions of the cervix (author's
      transl)].
AB  - From the morphological studies that they have carried out the authors describe
      dysplasias of the cervix of the uterus as a collection of lesions developed from
      the vestigial cells which are situated at the endo-exocervical junction. The
      embryological origin of this junction is the sinus. These dysplasias consist of
      cells with basophil cytoplasm with edges that are not sharp. These form streams
      which run from the external os of the cervix towards the endocervix, where they
      replace and disturb the cylindrical epithelium wherever they meet it. These
      lesions may take on two forms: regular or irregular according to the degree of
      nucleo-cytoplasmic disharmony. The slow and insidious evolution of these lesions
      must be distinguished from dystrophic endocervical lesions which are caused by a
      disturbance in the nutrition of the tissues, which itself is of hormonal or
      inflammatory origin, and from exocervical lesions which, in common with all
      lesions of the malpighian mucosa, can undergo atypical scarring.

PMID- 681695
TI  - [Haemangiopericytomas of the uterus. 4 case histories (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors report four cases of uterine haemangiopericytoma. These vascular
      tumours develop at the expense of the pericytes of Zimmermann. They are very rare
      since only 64 cases have been reported. The haemangiopericytomas of the uterus
      are clear cut histologically and as far as their ultrastructure is concerned.
      They therefore can be clearly distinguished from other connective tissue tumours
      which develop in the uterus and especially in the stroma of the endometrium. They
      should be considered as slow growing sarcomata of the myometrium as a study of
      the embryogenesis of the genital tract shows. Their prognosis is guarded.

PMID- 681696
TI  - [Balanced translocations with abnormal phenotype (author's transl)].
AB  - Four cases of balanced translocations with phenotype abnormalities are reported.
      Three of them are reciprocal translocation, one is a Robertsonnian translocation.
      The consequences of the phenomene on genetic counselling and prenatal diagnosis
      are discussed.

PMID- 681697
TI  - [The relationship between palmitic acid and stearic acid on the pharyngeal
      secretions of the newborn (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors report on their study of the ratio of palmitic acid to stearic acid
      (P/S) in the pharyngeal secretions of the newborn before the sixth hour of life.
      Four groups of infants were studied: 78 infants used as controls who hac no
      respiratory distress, 36 with hyaline membrane disease, 16 with transitory
      respiratory distress and 5 with perinatal asphyxia. The aetiological diagnosis of
      the respiratory distress was based on clinical as well as radiological and
      biological criteria. The P/S ratio is always less than 3 with hyaline membrane
      disease and above 3 in asphyxias. In the control group and the group with
      transitory respiratory distress the ratio ranged between 1.3 and 14 which was
      evidence of false negative results, probably attributable to treatment with
      cortisone given to the mother in premature labour in a certain number of cases.
      Study of the P/S ratio in amniotic fluid and in the pharyngeal secretions of 27
      children born by Caesarean operation embodies a contradiction in the results the
      newborns in whom the ratio in the amniotic fluid was greater than 3 never had
      respiratory distress although the ratio studied at the same time in the
      pharyngeal secretions was low and sometimes less than 3.

PMID- 681698
TI  - [Endolymphatic myosis low grade sarcoma of the endometrical stroma. II. Clinical
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Various clinical parameters of myosis have been reviewed in the light of the
      literature. This is a rare tumour which manifests itself generally by
      metrorrhagia in the pre- or perimenopausal age groups. The first treatment which
      among other operative forms of treatment offers the best prognostic chances is
      total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Radiotherapy and
      endocrine therapy with progestogens have their place in cases of relapse of
      metastases. There are several anatomo-pathological and clinical features which
      point to the fact that stromal myosis is hormone-dependent.

PMID- 681700
TI  - [Feto-maternal transfusion. A rare cause of acute fetal distress. A case history
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors report a case of feto-maternal transfusion which showed as acute
      fetal distress spotted by fetal cardiac rhythm monitoring. Following this
      observation the authors point out such occurrences are rare with a possibility of
      intra-uterine fetal death at 1/1000. They also point out the value of fetal
      cardiac monitoring and of systematic performance of amnioscopy at the start of
      labour and of carrying out the Kleihauer test in every case of neonatal anaemia
      as well as in every case of unexplained perinatal death.

PMID- 681699
TI  - [Perforation of the uterus after voluntary termination of pregnancy using the
      aspiration technique. Two serious cases (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors formulate some safety rules in view of two case histories of bowel
      complications following voluntary termination of pregnancy using suction
      techniques. Where it is not certain that a perforation has occurred laparoscopy
      is necessary. When perforation has been confirmed a laparotomy is undertaken in
      order to check the state of the bowel throughout its length, because when lesions
      of the digestive tract are treated rapidly the results are good whereas when they
      have to be treated for peritonitis the outlook is poor.

PMID- 681701
TI  - [The treatment of benign pathological conditions of the breasts with progesterone
      and progestogens. The results according to the type of breast condition (260 case
      records) (author's transl)].
AB  - This work reports the clinical results which were obtained after treating 260
      women who had pathological conditions of the breasts using a combination of a
      progestogen which was given by a generalised route (orally or by injection) and
      progesterone which was applied locally so that its effect would be percutaneous
      on the breasts. These results were evaluated according to the effectiveness of
      the treatment according to the different symptoms or groups of clinical symptoms
      and radiological findings which had been noted at the time of the first
      examination. A better therapeutic effect was found in cases of early lesions
      where oedema was the dominant factor (mastodynia) and glandular hyperplasia
      (diffuse polyadenomatosis). On the other hand, longstanding lesions (sclerocystic
      mastopathia) where sclerosis was marked showed a much more variable result of
      treatment with progestogens. Therefore its seems that benign conditions of the
      breasts should be treated early and particularly in the stage of mastodynia if
      development into irreversible sclerotic conditions is to be avoided. It also has
      to be carried on for a long time, especially if there are other risk factors for
      cancer which are associated with conditions in the breast. The prophylactic role
      of this treatment in regard to cancer of the breast is discussed.

PMID- 681702
TI  - [Long-term study of a progestational micropill: 600 mcg norethisterone acetate].

PMID- 681703
TI  - [Disturbances in ovulation following on artificial insemination with donors
      (A.I.D.) (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors report on the results of statistical analysis of temperature curves
      in 139 patients before artificial insemination from donors (A.I.D.) and in the
      cycles in which they were inseminated. It appears that frequently the practice of
      A.I.D. causes ovulation to come early or late. Late ovulation seems to be the
      most frequent cause of failures which are then considered to be due to
      "psychogenic sterility".

PMID- 681704
TI  - [Prostaglandins E2 and F2alpha in induction of labour, induced abortion and molar
      abortion. (70 case histories) (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors report on their experience using prostaglandins E2 and F2alpha in
      obstetrics. 70 cases are involved: 30 inductions of labour, 33 abortions and 7
      hydatidiform moles. The results as far as induction of labour is concerned are
      encouraging (76.6 p 100 success), but in the doses used no better than those
      achieved with synthetic posterior-pituitary oxytocins. On the other hand, as far
      as abortions are concerned, prostaglandins, whether given intravenously, intra
      amniotically or extra-amniotically, are the method of choice because they are
      practically free of danger in the second trimester of pregnancy (93.9 p. 100
      success). Side effects are common but are usually not severe and do not interfere
      with the treatment.

PMID- 681705
TI  - Psychoanalysis in later life. Discussion.

PMID- 681706
TI  - Psychoanalysis in later life. Problems in the psychoanalysis of an aging
      narcissistic patient.

PMID- 681707
TI  - Psychoanalysis in later life. Discussion.

PMID- 681708
TI  - Psychoanalysis in later life. Discussion.

PMID- 681709
TI  - A system for observing the potential nutritional risks of elderly people living
      at home.

PMID- 681710
TI  - Remarriage in old age.

PMID- 681711
TI  - Re-employment and unemployment in old age.

PMID- 681712
TI  - The etiology of depression in a sample of elderly widows. A research report.

PMID- 681713
TI  - The older adult. Creative use of leisure time.

PMID- 681714
TI  - Digital sensibility following replantation.
AB  - The amputated digit serves as an excellent model for the examination of digital
      nerve repair. When amputation is complete, there is no question of cross-over or
      anomalous innervation. The sensibility of 35 replanted digits in 29 patients was
      evaluated. Sensory return was related most closely to restored digital
      vascularity, as measured by Allen test, pulse volume flow, and Doppler. Level of
      amputation, mechanism of injury, and age of patient also affected ultimate
      sensation. All patients experienced cold intolerance and some were considerably
      disabled because of it. The severity of cold intolerance with pain and requiring
      prolonged rewarming was directly proportional to digital vascularity. When one
      digital artery thrombosed, ipsilateral digital sensation was not diminished as
      long as flow through the contralateral vessel was adequate. Two-point
      discrimation in our series was not as good as that reported for digital nerve
      repair in the nonamputated digit. Establishing and maintaining adequate digital
      flow at the time of replantation is essential to obtain good digital sensibility
      and to avoid symptoms of cold intolerance.

PMID- 681715
TI  - Anatomic dissections relating the posterior interosseous nerve to the carpus, and
      the etiology of dorsal wrist ganglion pain.
AB  - Prompted by the finding of a neuroma, which clinically simulated a recurrent
      ganglion, we dissected the terminal branches of the posterior interosseous nerve.
      A constant relationship between these terminal branches and the scapholunate
      ligament was demonstrated. Since most, if not all, dorsal wrist ganglions arise
      from the scapholunate ligament, we suggest that the aching wrist pain associated
      with a dorsal wrist ganglion may be due to a compression neuropathy of the
      posterior interosseous nerve.

PMID- 681716
TI  - The mechanism of the intrinsic-minus finger: a biomechanical study.
AB  - To demonstrate in the cadaver model that the sequence of extension of the flexed
      metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints of the intrinsic-minus
      finger can be explained on the basis of moment ratios about these joints, the
      engineering concept of free body analysis was applied. Intrinsic-minus fingers,
      i.e., fingers of a cadaver in which all forces exerted by the intrinsic muscles
      were removed, were observed to hyperextend maximally at the metacarpophalangeal
      joint before extension of the proximal interphalangeal joint began. Mathematical
      calculation of moments provides an explanation of this sequence. This study
      confirmed that, when an equilibrium of forces at the hyperextended
      metacarpophalangeal joint is reached, the proximal interphalangeal joint is
      incompletely extended. These forces include: (1) the proximal pull of the
      extensor tendon; (2) the distal loading of the extensor tendon by the flexor
      tendons; (3) the force preventing spanning of the laminae.

PMID- 681717
TI  - Temperature monitoring in digital replantation.
AB  - Postoperative monitoring of replanted and revascularized digits with skin
      temperature probes was performed on the 20 patients admitted to the Duke
      University Medical Center Orthopaedic Replantation Service from April to July,
      1977. Using multiple probes, temperatures were recorded for the replanted digit,
      a control digit on the same hand, and the dressing which represented the ambient
      temperature. In addition, the following simultaneous clinical inspections were
      performed on the digits: capillary refill, skin color, turgor, audibility of
      arterial Doppler tones, and amplitude of pulp pressure tracing. Temperatures of
      the replanted digits were in the range of 26.0 degrees to 35.0 degrees C. Control
      temperatures remained relatively stable, in the range of 33.0 degrees to 35.0
      degrees C. From the authors' experience the patterns of temperature change which
      signaled changes in perfusion of the replanted digit and possible poor prognosis
      were (1) the temperature of the replanted digit dropping more than 2.5 degrees C
      while the control temperature stayed constant; (2) the temperature of the
      replanted digit dropping below 30.0 degrees C for longer than 1 hour; and (3) the
      control temperature dropping below 30.0 degrees C with no correctable cause
      found.

PMID- 681718
TI  - Two families with congenital nail anomalies: Nail formation in ectopic areas.
AB  - Two families with congenital nail anomalies are reported. The nail covered not
      only the dorsal but also some of the palmar aspect of the distal phalanx. The
      ungual phalanges of the affected fingers were lacking in the crescent-shaped cap
      and had a blunt Y-shaped bony projection. The anomalies may have been transmitted
      by an autosomal recessive gene.

PMID- 681720
TI  - Treatment of mallet finger due to intra-articular fracture of the distal phalanx.
AB  - When a mallet finger deformity results from an intra-articular fracture of the
      distal phalanx comprising more than one third of the articular surface, an
      accurate reduction of this fracture is necessary to prevent secondary
      degenerative arthritis. A technique for open reduction is described in which the
      distal interphalangeal joint is exposed by dividing the extensor tendon and
      permitting a precise reduction of the fracutre fragment. Elective division of the
      extensor tendon had not compromised the results.

PMID- 681719
TI  - Nutrient pathways to flexor tendons of chickens using tritiated proline.
AB  - The nutrient pathway to the flexor tendons within the digital flexor sheath of
      adult chickens was investigated using tritiated proline. There was no difference
      in the uptake of the radioactive tracer by free segment tendons (detached from
      blood vessels) and the intact tendon lying in synovium. The uptake of tracer by
      tendons isolated from the synovium (but with unaltered vascular attachments) was
      significantly less than by the intact tendons. Radioactive tracer not only
      diffused across the synovium into the tendon, but along the course of the tendon
      itself. There was no difference in the uptake of radioactive tracer by 2-week-old
      tendon grafts with and without adhesions.

PMID- 681721
TI  - Flexor tenosynovectomy in the rheumatoid finger.
AB  - The usual operation fo stenosing flexor tenosynovitis is resection of the
      proximal pulley. In the rheumatoid hand this operation may not be proper because
      motion still may be limited by the thickened synovium more distally, and also
      because there is a greater chance for the production of ulnar drift later on if
      the proximal pulley system is obliterated. The operation we recommend for the
      finger with rheumatoid tenosynovitis is a tenosynovectomy, but with maintainence
      of the pulley system and resection of one slip of the superficialis in order to
      decompress the digital theca. We have performed this operation on 54 fingers with
      satisfactory results.

PMID- 681722
TI  - Reconstruction of the unstable proximal interphalangeal joint: The double
      superficialis tenodesis.
AB  - A technique is described for reconstructing the unstable proximal interphalangeal
      joint where there has been a break in continuity of both the volar plate and the
      collateral ligament. Both slips of the superficialis are used. They are divided
      proximally and tenodesed in appropriate positions on the proximal phalanx.

PMID- 681723
TI  - Duplication of palmar skin in a patient with multiple congenital deformities.

PMID- 681724
TI  - Chronic mallet finger: The use of Fowler's central slip release.
AB  - The use of Fowler's central slip release is reported in five patients considered
      to be failures of closed management in a personal series of 100 consecutive
      "mallet fingers" seen over a period of 3 years. Fracture-subluxation of the
      distal interphalangeal joint, avulsion fractures of the extensor tendon, and
      distal phalangeal epiphyseal injuries are excluded to regidly control the data
      interpretation. In all five the central slip release was employed as a salvage
      procedure-as Fowler recommended. In four cases the result was rated as excellent;
      the remaining case was rated as good, with minimum follow-up of 1 year.

PMID- 681725
TI  - Medical and surgical importance of the arterial blood supply of the thumb.
AB  - The arterial supply of the thumb was studied in 50 cadaver hands. In 80% the
      princeps pollicis artery was the first palmar metacarpal artery, a major branch
      of the deep radial arch. In 50% of the specimens the princeps pollicis artery
      also supplied the proper radial digital artery to the index finger. Variations of
      the thumb arterial patterns were present in 25%. In 75% there was a single end
      arterial blood supply to the thumb. The anatomic findings are correlated with
      problems of radial artery injections, thrombosis, and surgical injury to
      illustrate the clinical importance of the princeps pollicis artery.

PMID- 681726
TI  - Unstable fracture dislocations of the proximal interphalangeal joint of the
      fingers: a preliminary report of a new treatment technique.
AB  - A linkage of Kirschner wires activated by a single rubber band creates a force
      couple across a fracture-dislocated proximal interphalangeal joint. The method
      dynamically achieves concentric joint reduction, which is maintained through a
      full active range-of-joint flexion and extension. Two case reports accompany a
      description of the technique.

PMID- 681727
TI  - Clinical and experimental studies on the effect of extensor carpi radialis longus
      transfer in the rheumatoid hand.
AB  - Digital ulnar drift in the rheumatoid hand is a complex problem. The radial
      deformity of the wrist causes abnormal forces on the extrinsic flexor and
      extensor tendons which aggravate metacarpophalangeal ulnar drift. Analysis of the
      results of the transfer of the extensor carpi radialis longus to the extensor
      carpi ulnaris in 20 wrists showed that 13 of 20 had significant correction of the
      wrist deformity. The transferred tendon did not contract during active ulnar
      deviation. Laboratory studies of the transfer on cadaveric rheumatoid wrist
      models showed correction of the wrist deformity. The dorsal ulnar capsule was
      determined to be a stabilizer of wrist position, as evidenced by deformity after
      transection.

PMID- 681728
TI  - Physician career outcomes and the process of medical education.

PMID- 681729
TI  - Social class and mental illness reconsidered: the role of economic stress and
      social support.

PMID- 681730
TI  - The effect of social support in moderating the health consequences of
      unemployment.

PMID- 681731
TI  - Subjective stress and serious illness of a spouse: wives of heart patients.

PMID- 681732
TI  - Pathways to medicine use.

PMID- 681733
TI  - Ethnic differences in factors related to drug use.

PMID- 681734
TI  - Normative and attitudinal control as moderating influences on marijuana use.

PMID- 681735
TI  - Exemplification of a method for scaling life events: the Peri Life Events Scale.

PMID- 681736
TI  - Life events, social supports, and psychiatric symptoms: a re-analysis of the New
      Haven data.

PMID- 681737
TI  - Reply to Meile (JHSB, March 1978).

PMID- 681738
TI  - Experimental alterations in number and length of different membrane complexes on
      axosomatic contacts in the trout (Salmo irideus, Gibbons 1855).

PMID- 681739
TI  - The effect of early experience on the exploratory behaviour, learning ability and
      on the synaptosomes of the mice brain.
AB  - This study deals with the effects that are produced by an enriched early
      experience on the mitochondrial fraction on the mice brain. The total content of
      lipids and proteins in mitochondrial fraction, the morphology of the
      mitochondries and the density of synaptosomes were investigated. A significant
      difference in the total quantity of lipids of the mitochondrial fraction and the
      density of synaptosomes was observed between mice subjected to an enriched
      environment and others subjected to an impoverished environment. These mice,
      which were subjected to a psychological study before proceeding to the extraction
      of the mitochondrial fraction, displayed distinct characteristics. The enriched
      group displayed a greater exploratory behaviour and a greater capacity to learn
      than the mice raised in the impoverished environment.

PMID- 681740
TI  - Studies on the immune response to fixed antigens. III. Induction of helper
      function for antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity responses.
AB  - Heavy trinitrophenylated sheep red cells (TNP128SRC) and glutaraldehyde-treated
      SRC (G-SRC) could not induce cellular cytotoxicity against 51Cr-SRC. In contrast,
      the native antigen SRC could stimulate a cytolytic response against the
      radiolabeled homologous target cell. However, fixed SRC could stimulate a priming
      function that accelerated and augmented the secondary cytotoxic response to SRC.
      Such fixed antigens could stimulate a delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTHS)
      response also. Thus, the immunologic memory to the chemically modified antigen,
      as well as the DTHS response, are completely dissociated from the primary
      cytotoxic responses. The primary and the secondary cytotoxic responses that were
      developed in the spleens of the injected mice were mediated by antibody-dependent
      cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), since the active supernatant that was released from
      the spleen cells could lyse the target cells in the presence of normal
      splenocytes. The active supernatant was identified as antibody. We suggest that B
      effector cells cytolyzed the antibody-coated target cells. Normal cells from nude
      mice could mediate the cytolytic process as efficiently as spleen cells from
      other strains of mouse. The results are discussed in terms of selective
      stimulation of T cell subpopulations.

PMID- 681741
TI  - Biosynthesis of immunoglobulin in human immunoproliferative diseases. I. Kinetics
      of synthesis and secretion of immunoglobulin and protein by bone marrow cells in
      myeloma.

PMID- 681742
TI  - Ontogeny of lymphocyte functions during embryonic life of the rabbit.

PMID- 681743
TI  - Fc receptors for IgE on normal rat lymphocytes.

PMID- 681744
TI  - Participation of the humoral immune system in the myeloma-specific
      transplantation resistance.
AB  - Studies are reported that examine the participation of humoral and cellular
      responses in the myeloma-specific transplantation resistance induced by
      preimmunization of BALB/c mice with purified myeloma protein M315. A plasmacytoma
      spleen colony-forming assay was used to provide a quantitative estimate of the
      tumor immunity in recipients of unfractionated spleen cells or serum from mice
      immunized four to seven times with M315. The primary findings were: 1) that the
      tumor immunity can be transferred by immune spleen cells provided that a boost of
      M315 is given to adoptive hosts, and 2) that passively transferred serum
      containing anti-M315 idiotype antibody (a-Id315) can also inhibit tumor growth.
      Adoptive transfer was successful in the presence of minute amounts of a-Id315,
      whereas passive transfer required relatively large amounts of activity. The
      passive transfer experiments involved an extended injection schedule and thus
      could not discriminate between direct effects of antibody or idiotype-specific
      humoral substances on tumor cells or inductive effects on the cellular immune
      system. Experiments examining the properties of the immune elements involved in
      the transplantation immunity demonstrated that, once established, they are
      resistant to acute radiation (to 800 R) and cortisone damage.

PMID- 681745
TI  - The C5b-6 complex: reaction with C7, C8, C9.

PMID- 681746
TI  - Genetic polymorphism of murine C3 controlled by a single co-dominant locus on
      chromosome 17.

PMID- 681747
TI  - In vitro activation of suppressor cells from spleens of mice treated with
      radioactive strontium.
AB  - Mice were treated with two 100-muCi injections of 89Sr to deplete marrow
      dependent (M) cells. Mice so treated responded normally to immunization with
      sheep red blood cells (SRBC) in vivo; moreover, spleen cells from 89Sr-treated
      mice were able to respond to SRBC after infusion into irradiated recipient mice.
      However, spleen cells from mice treated with 89Sr did not respond to SRBC in
      vitro and mixtures of normal spleen cells with the latter were also not able to
      respond in vitro. The discrepancy between in vivo and in vitro responses was
      abolished by culturing spleen cells for 24 hr before testing their ability to
      respond to SRBC in the adoptive transfer in vivo. Pretreatment of spleen cells
      from 89Sr-treated mice with 1000 R of gamma-radiation lessened their suppressive
      activity. The suppressor cells were detected in spleens of athymic nude mice
      treated with 89Sr. The suppressive activity, after the 24-hr culture period, was
      not abolished by irradiation and was active in vivo as well as in vitro. Thus,
      depletion of M cells by 89Sr results in the appearance within the spleen of
      thymus-independent suppressor cells, which require a short period of in vitro
      cultivation before becoming functionally active.

PMID- 681748
TI  - Cell-mediated cytotoxicity against virus-infected target cells in humans. I.
      Characterization of the effector lymphocyte.
AB  - In a 51Chromium release assay performed without immune sera, purified lymphocytes
      from randomly selected healthy donors killed significantly more allogeneic virus
      infected than noninfected fibroblasts. An incubation period of 18 to 20 hr was
      optimal for determining cytotoxicity, but increased cytotoxic activity against
      infected cells was observed as early as 6 hr from the start of the test. No
      correlation could be found between donors' antibody titers to any virus tested
      and the cytotoxic efficiency of their effector cells: virus-infected cells were
      lysed by both seropositive and seronegative individuals. With several different
      cell fractionation techniques, the effector cell in this system could not be
      distinguished from the human natural killer cell, which is a lymphocyte with
      receptors for the Fc fragment of IgG but with no surface immunoglobulin. When
      lymphocytes were separated on the basis of ability to form rosettes with
      neuraminidase or AET (2-aminoethylisothiouronium bromide hydrobromide)-treated
      sheep erythrocytes, the majority of cytotoxic activity was consistently recovered
      in the nonrosetting fraction. A portion of it, however, was always present in the
      rosetting fraction and was, again, mediated by lymphocytes carrying receptors for
      the Fc fragment of IgG.

PMID- 681749
TI  - Macrophage activation for tumor cytotoxicity: control of macrophage tumoricidal
      capacity by the LPS gene.

PMID- 681750
TI  - Serologic and immunochemical characterization of HLA-A9 xenoantisera.
AB  - The specificity of A9 antiserum produced in rabbits immunized with high density
      lipoprotein-associated HLA-A9 from serum was investigated by using serologic and
      immunochemical approaches. After suitable absorption, the xenoantiserum No. 2958
      is monospecific for A9 antigens in direct cytotoxic test. Data from lysostrip
      experiments and from blocking of cytotoxicity with Fab2 fragments indicate that
      the A9 xenoantiserum No. 2958 react with the same or closely associated antigenic
      structures recognized by A9 alloantisera. Immunoprecipitates obtained with the
      specific xenoantiserum No. 2958 and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis contained only proteins of the size of
      detergent-solubilized HLA and beta2-microglobulin (45,000 and 12,000 m.w.).
      Immunodepletion experiments indicated  that the precipitation was mediated by
      antibodies directed to the heavy chain, and not the light chain of the complex.
      These results indicate that monospecific HLA-A9 xenoantisera have the same
      discriminatory capacity of alloantisera and can be useful for the serologic and
      immunochemical characterization of HLA antigens.

PMID- 681751
TI  - Sulfated glycosaminoglycans of guinea pig basophilic leukocytes.
AB  - Cytoplasmic granules of basophilic leukocytes stain metachromatically and have
      been thought to contain sulfated glycosaminoglycans, presumably heparin. To test
      this hypothesis, we identified the [35S]glycosaminoglycans synthesized by guinea
      pig blood basophils in culture and in vivo. Basophils isolated from guinea pig
      blood were cultured for 20 hr in F12 medium--10% guinea pig serum containing
      sodium [35S]sulfate. Alternatively, basophils were purified from animals
      receiving repeated i.v. injections of sodium [35S]sulfate. Glycoaminoglycans were
      isolated from these basophils after pronase digestion and identified by the use
      of selective glycosaminoglycan-degrading enzymes. Approximately 55% of the
      [35S]glycosaminoglycans was degraded by chondroitinase AC, indicating the
      presence of chondroitin sulfate; an additional 30 to 35% could be degraded by
      chondroitinase ABC, indicating that dermatan sulfate was also present. The 15%
      glycosaminoglycan remaining after chondroitinase ABC digestion was degraded by
      purified heparitinase (heparanase), which has no effect on authentic heparin but
      degrades heparan sulfate. Thus, the glycosaminoglycan content of guinea pig
      basophils is a mixture of chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, and smaller
      amounts of heparan sulfate. No heparin was detected.

PMID- 681752
TI  - Physicochemical separation of two distinct Fc receptors on murine macrophage-like
      cell lines.
AB  - By using radiolabeled myeloma proteins specific for each of two distinct Fc
      receptor activities on macrophage-like murine cell lines ("aggregated IgG FcR"
      activity and "monomer IgG2a FcR" activity), we have been able to detect
      solubilized FcR of both types in detergent lysates of these cells. The two
      solubilized Fc receptors can be distinguished and physically separated from one
      another by means of affinity chromatography and by sucrose gradient
      centrifugation. They also differ in their sensitivity to phospholipase C. The
      detergent solubilized monomer IgG2a FcR can be removed from solution with a
      Sepharose IgG2a column, has an S value of 4 to 5 and is resistant to
      phospholipase C. The solubilized aggregated IgG FcR does not bind to
      insolubilized IgG2a, has an S value of greater than 19, and is sensitive to
      phospholipase C treatment. We conclude from these studies that two different cell
      membrane macromolecules are responsible for the Fc receptor activities observed
      in macrophage-like cell lines.

PMID- 681753
TI  - Spontaneous cytotoxicity of cultured human cell lines mediated by normal
      peripheral blood lymphocytes. III. Kinetic parameters.
AB  - The mechanism of spontaneous cell-mediated cytotoxicity (SCMC) of cultured cell
      lines has been investigated and compared with antibody-dependent cell-mediated
      cytotoxicity (ADCMC) by detailed kinetic analysis. The mechanism of SCMC
      resembles that of an enzyme, as does ADCMC where effector cells are analogous to
      an enzyme and the 51Cr-labeled target cells are analogous to the substrate.
      Temporal kinetic studies revealed an induction period of about 1 hr before
      significant 51Cr release for SCMC, but not for ADCMC. This induction period is
      not due to differences in effector-target affinity between SCMC and ADCMC. On the
      basis of kinetic analysis it was shown that SCMC approaches simple Michaelis
      Menten enzyme kinetics, allowing determination of a Michaelis constant, Km, and
      maximal velocity, Vmax, for the interaction between a given effector and target
      cell. The Km values thus determined were found to be identical for the lysis of
      several target cell lines of varying SCMC susceptibility to effector cells from a
      given donor, whereas Vmax values for lysis of different target cells varied
      considerably. However, effector cells isolated from the peripheral blood of
      different donors exhibited different Km values for the target cells tested.
      Moreover, the Km value obtained for ADCMC effected by a given donor's lymphocytes
      was found equal to the Km value obtained for SCMC by that donor.

PMID- 681754
TI  - Phagocytic properties of isolated human eosinophils.
AB  - Viable eosinophils from normal human peripheral blood were separated by
      sedimentation through a nutrient-enriched linear gradient of sodium hypaque.
      Ingestion experiments with these cells showed that eosinophils would phagocytose
      latex beads coated with a mixture of allergen and corresponding allergic human
      serum. The stimulatory activity of the allergic serum correlated with the IgG
      fraction and not with those properties associated with IgE. Eosinophils isolated
      from allergic donors were found to be inferior in their phagocytic ability when
      compared with eosinophils from normal cell donors.

PMID- 681755
TI  - Fc receptors induced by herpes simplex virus. I. Biologic and biochemical
      properties.
AB  - Radioiodinated normal rabbit IgG was used to detect Fc receptors on the surface
      of HeLa S3-2 cells infected with herpes simplex virus (HSV). Unlike the Fc
      receptors present on most leukocytes, these virus-induced Fc receptors were found
      to be sensitivite to trypsin at concentrations of enzyme as low as 0.1 mg/ml.
      Treatment of infected cells with neuraminidase enhanced the binding of IgG. Yet
      the HSV-induced Fc receptor(s) is probably a glycoprotein because its synthesis
      was inhibited by 2-deoxy-D-glucose at concentrations inhibiting glycoproteins but
      not total proteins. Binding of radioiodinated IgG to Fc receptors on infected
      HeLa S3-2 cells was unaffected by F(ab')2 fragments prepared from antisera
      against uninfected HeLa S3-2 cells or against human beta2-microglobulin. By
      contrast, anti-HSV F(ab')2 or Fab' fragments decreased binding of radioiodinated
      IgG to HSV-infected cells by 85%, and binding of radioiodinated Fc was also
      inhibited by anti-HSV Fab'.

PMID- 681756
TI  - Light transmission analysis of lymphocyte activation by mitogens: a new
      technique.
AB  - In vitro lymphocyte transformation was evaluated by laser light transmission
      cytometry. Criteria are given for optimal application of this system to
      assessment of total cells and proportion of lymphoblasts in cultures. The light
      transmission studies revealed that cell numbers in mitogen stimulated cultures
      increase steadily, reaching a plateau. The percentage of lymphoblasts reached a
      peak after 4 days culture. The kinetics of [3H]-thymidine incorporation are
      similar. The increase in total cell number concomitant with decrease in
      [3H]thymidine incorporation at the fifth and sixth days indicates discordance
      between the cell proliferation and utilization of exogenous thymidine. The
      kinetics of total cell numbers and percentage of lymphoblasts suggest that in
      vitro reversion of lymphoblasts to small lymphocytes occurred. In addition to
      examining directly the cellular events during blastogenesis with ease, the
      current method appeared to be more reproducible than the [3H]thymidine
      incorporation assay.

PMID- 681757
TI  - Human antibodies to immunoglobulin A (IgA). A radioimmunological method for
      differentiation between anti-IgA antibodies and IgA in the serum of IgA deficient
      individuals.
AB  - In the sera of 12 out of 27 individuals with IgA deficiency (serum level below
      0.02 mg IgA/ml) class-specific anti-IgA antibodies were demonstrated by
      haemagglutination. These sera showed false-positive results in a solid-phase
      inhibition radioimmunoassay (RIST) (apparent IgA concentration between 0.6 and
      13.7 microgram IgA/ml) indicating that the RIST is not an appropriate test for
      the analysis of serum of IgA deficient individuals. A modification of the RIST is
      proposed (titration RIA) that permits differentiation between low levels of IgA
      and class-specific anti-IgA antibodies. With this test IgA deficient individuals
      could be classified as those with low but detectable levels of IgA and those with
      class-specific anti-IgA antibodies. A computer procedure was developed to
      calculate both the amount and the avidity (K) of the anti-IgA antibodies and to
      simulate the assay system. The K value calculated from experimental points proved
      to be an overestimation of the K value which fitted most adequately in the
      simulation. The comparison of the results with clinical findings indicated a
      possible correlation between the amount and the avidity of the anti-IgA
      antibodies and the appearance of anaphylactic reactions after transfusion of IgA.

PMID- 681758
TI  - Nephelometric method for determination of rheumatoid factor.
AB  - We have developed a nephelometric technique for determining titers of rheumatoid
      factor. Serum dilutions are added to a mixture of commercially available latex
      particles of small size (0.098 micrometer) and human gamma-globulin. Rheumatoid
      sera induce a substantial increase in the light scattering properties of the
      mixture, and the highest dilution significantly increasing the light scattering
      is considered as the titer for that serum. This technique is simple to use,
      provides objective results, and can be automated for analysis of large numbers of
      samples.

PMID- 681759
TI  - Quantitation of Fc receptors and surface immunoglobulin is affected by cell
      isolation procedures using plasmagel and ficoll-hypaque.
AB  - When mononuclear leukocytes are isolated directly from whole human blood using
      Ficoll-Hypaque or Plasmagel, cytophilic immunoglobulin is detected on cell
      surfaces. Upon incubation at 37 degrees C, this cell-associated immunoglobulin is
      shed slowly into the medium. However, when cells are prewashed in phosphate
      buffered saline prior to isolation, they appear to be free of cytophilic
      immunoglobulin. Compared to prewashed cells, populations retaining cytophilic
      immunoglobulin on their surfaces demonstrate a decreased binding of soluble
      immune complexes and radiolabelled trimeric rabbit IgG. The data suggest that
      Ficoll-Hypaque and Plasmagel cause serum IgG to bind with abnormally high
      affinity to human mononuclear leukocytes, probably via Fc receptors. This
      artifact of preparation can lead to erroneous estimates of the numbers of cells
      bearing Fc receptors or intrinsic membrane immunoglobulin within a given
      population of cells and to an inaccurate assessment of the average number of Fc
      receptors per cell.

PMID- 681760
TI  - A set of analytical electrophoresis experiments to predict the results of
      affinity chromatographic separations: fractionation of allergens from cow's hair
      and dander.
AB  - Analytical affinity electrophoresis experiments are described as analogues of
      column and batch affinity experiments. The are based on crossed
      immunoelectrophoresis with included affinity, here concanavalian A (con A) and
      con A-Sepharose. Reactions with serum proteins and allergens from cow's hair and
      dander are described, and a purification scheme for the latter is described.

PMID- 681761
TI  - A highly sensitive and reproducible microcytotoxicity assay for demonstrating
      cytotoxic antibodies to cell surface antigens.
AB  - An assay is described, in which target cells are suspended in diluted rabbit
      serum (as a source of complement) and pipetted into the wells of Falcon No. 3034
      Microtest plates, to which diluted antiserum (or control serum) has been added.
      After 18--24 h of incubation, the plates are stained with crystal violet and
      counted using an electronic Quantimet image analyzer. This technique could
      reproducibly detect complement-dependent cytotoxic antibodies to target cell H-2
      antigens and to MuLV gp70 on cell lines which expressed this antigen, at serum
      dilutions up to 1:160,000. The cytotoxic antibodies could be removed by
      absorption of sera with cells carrying the respective antigens.

PMID- 681762
TI  - Recovery of lymphocytes from clotted blood for HLA typing.
AB  - A method to recover lymphoid cells from clotted blood for the microcytotoxicity
      test used in HLA typing is described. The procedure consists of disruption of the
      clotted blood followed by Ficoll-Hypaque gradient purification of the mononuclear
      cells. The results of HLA typing of lymphocytes from unclotted and clotted blood
      were identical.

PMID- 681763
TI  - Hemorrhagic diatheses: diagnosis and management.

PMID- 681765
TI  - A study in longevity.

PMID- 681764
TI  - Current concepts in the management of pulmonary tuberculosis.

PMID- 681767
TI  - Radiation-associated thyroid cancer.

PMID- 681766
TI  - Survival rates of major abdominal vascular injury in an eight-year period.

PMID- 681768
TI  - Abnormal swellings in the tegument of the acanthocephalan parasite
      Metechinorhynchus salmonis.

PMID- 681769
TI  - A proposed phylogenetic relationship between sea cucumber polian vesicles and the
      vertebrate lymphoreticular system.

PMID- 681770
TI  - Chemosterilant and insecticidal activity of mixed aflatoxins against Anthonomus
      grandis (Coleoptera).

PMID- 681771
TI  - Apis iridescent virus and "clustering disease" of Apis cerana.

PMID- 681772
TI  - Occurrence of two serologically distinct groups within Bacillus thuringiensis
      serotype 3 ab var. kurstaki.

PMID- 681773
TI  - Bactericidal activity of amebocytes from the horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus.

PMID- 681774
TI  - Bacteria belonging to the genus Bacillus isolated from selected organs of queen
      honey bees, Apis mellifera.

PMID- 681775
TI  - Chemistry and storage function of mast cell granules.

PMID- 681776
TI  - Receptor modulation and mast cell secretion.
AB  - Co-workers and I examined the early events in the interaction of rat peritoneal
      mast cells with a number of noncytotoxic mast cell stimuli. These studies
      demonstrated that an interaction limited to the cytoplasmic membrane is
      sufficient to induce a secretory mast cell response. Additional experiments
      suggested that a continued interaction between the stimulus and the membrane
      receptor is required for maintenance of the secretory response. We have provided
      evidence to support the concept that different mast cell activators interact with
      different receptors on the cell membrane and initiate distinct biochemical
      pathways leading to secretion. Finally, we have shown that pretreatment of mast
      cells with concentrations of a stimulus that, by themselves, are incapable of
      initiating a secretory response can profoundly affect the ability of mast cells
      to respond fully to a subsequent challenge with an optional concentration of
      stimulus.

PMID- 681777
TI  - Purification and some characteristics of the human epidermal SH-protease
      inhibitor.
AB  - An inhibitor of papain and other SH-proteases was purified 520-fold from human
      epidermis extracts by acetone fractionation, heat treatment, papain-Sepharose
      affinity chromatography, and Sephadex G-50 chromatography. The purified inhibitor
      had a molecular weight of 12,600 and contained no hexose, as tested by the
      anthrone reaction. The inhibitor survived in a boiling water bath, in 5%
      trichloroacetic acid, 20 mM Na3PO4 (pH 12.1) and 4 M NH4OH (pH 11.9). By
      isoelectric focusing 2 major activity peaks with pI's of 4.6 and 4.8, and a minor
      peak with a pI of 4.9 was fractioned, and 3 corresponding protein bands were seen
      after analytical isoelectric focusing. Immunization of rabbits with the purified
      inhibitor yielded a highly specific anti-inhibitor serum. The purified inhibitor
      inhibited papain, ficin, human cathepsins B and C, and slightly inhibited
      bromelain. No inhibition of serine proteases (bovine trypsin and chymotrypsin A,
      porcine elastase) or an acid protease (human cathepsin D) was observed. Evidence
      was obtained that the inhibitor formed a complex with both dithiothreitol
      activated papain and enzymatically inactive mercuripapain.

PMID- 681778
TI  - The low-molecular-weight SH-protease inhibitor in rat skin is epidermal.
AB  - The epidermis and dermis of rat skin were separated and the presence of the high
      molecular-weight SH-protease inhibitor I1 and the low-molecular-weight inhibitor
      I2 in both was studied. Gel filtrations of the extracts revealed that 97% of the
      epidermal inhibitor activity was due to I2 and 89% of the dermal activity to I1.
      The presence of I2 mainly in the epidermis extract was confirmed by
      immunodiffusion of specific rabbit anti-I2 serum against purified I2, epidermis
      and dermis extracts, and rat serum. Most of the immunoreactive protein was seen
      in the epidermis extract, traces in the dermis extract and none in the rat serum.
      I2 was localized in rat skin by indirect immunofluorescence using rabbit anti-I2
      serum and fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugate of goat anti-rabbit
      immunoglobulins. Intense fluorescence, much brighter than in the controls treated
      with rabbit non-immune serum, was seen in the epidermis, being most pronounced in
      the cytoplasms of cells in the granular layer. The weak fluorescence of the hair
      follicles, sebaceous glands, connective tissue cells and fibres was unspecific
      and was also seen in the controls. In view of its epidermal location, the name
      epidermal SH-protease inhibitor is suggested for I2.

PMID- 681779
TI  - Induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity to staphylococcal antigens in guinea
      pigs.
AB  - Delayed-type hypersensitivity against staphylococcal antigens was induced in
      guinea pigs using Freund's incomplete as well as Freund's complete adjuvant. In
      animals sensitized with Freund's complete adjuvant the induction time and the
      duration of delayed-type hypersensitivity were longer and the skin reactions were
      stronger compared to animals sensitized with Freund's incomplete adjuvant. The
      difference between animals sensitized with Freund's incomplete or complete
      adjuvant may reflect the difference between tuberculin- and Jones-Mote type
      hypersensitivity.

PMID- 681781
TI  - The plasma membrane of granular cells from pig epidermis: isolation and lipid and
      protein composition.

PMID- 681780
TI  - 8-Methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) in human skin: penetration kinetics.
AB  - Penetration kinetics of 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) into human skin have been
      investigated under in vitro conditions. The dependence of the resulting tissue
      concentration on time of penetration, drug concentration in the applied
      preparation and vehicle composition has been studied. Tissue concentration of the
      drug was found to increase with time of penetration; however, in both horny layer
      and epidermis, this increase was followed by a significant decrease in
      concentration, (after 100 to 300 min), although a large amount of unpenetrated
      drug was present on the horny layer surface at all times. In contrast to this, 8
      MOP accumulated in the lower corium and subcutis and reached concentrations
      higher then those found in the upper corium and epidermis. This accumulation of
      the drug is a consequence of the in vitro conditions and its amount is
      proportional to that amount that under in vivo conditions would have been taken
      up by the capillary system. Penetration was dependent on vehicle characteristics
      and was found to increase with increasing polarity of the vehicle. The
      penetration was found to be directly proportional to the applied concentration;
      however, the percentage of the drug that actually penetrated was inversely
      proportional to the applied concentration.

PMID- 681782
TI  - The influence of water content, chemical treatment and temperature on the
      rheological properties of stratum corneum.
AB  - The elastic modulus is determined as a function of water content for untreated
      stratum corneum, and stratum corneum treated with urea and LiBr. The modulus is
      also determined for stratum corneum at temperatures from 2 degrees C to 45
      degrees C and on samples with the water solubles extracted. The modulus is
      independent of temperature, but may be modified by binding of small molecules to
      the protein in stratum corneum. The modulus is found to be a function of water
      content, not water activity.

PMID- 681783
TI  - Heat loss in anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia.
AB  - The dynamics of heat loss by 2 patients with classic anhidrotic ectodermal
      dysplasia were studied. Both were active in high school athletics and avoided
      heat injuries by various forms of behavior modification. Elevated core and skin
      temperature measurements were found at rest in comfortable environments. In a
      warm environment 35-45% of the heat generated was lost by radiation, 44-52% by
      conduction and convection, and only 4-6% by evaporation. Heat loss in control
      subjects was 9% by radiation, 17% by conduction/convection, and 67% by
      evaporation. The dry routes of heat dissipation used by the anhidrotic patients
      were inadequate to prevent a rise in core temperature.

PMID- 681784
TI  - Fibrous protein of human epidermis.
AB  - The fibrous proteins of the malpighian layer of human epidermis (prekeratin) have
      been isolated with citrate buffer, pH 2.65, and shown to consist of 7 polypeptide
      chains varying in molecular weight from 45,000 daltons to 67,000. Some variation
      in the number and amount of the components was observed in prekeratin prepared
      from the epidermis of different individuals. The fibrous proteins of the stratum
      corneum were isolated with Tris buffer, pH 9.0, containing 6 M urea and 0.1 M
      mercapto-ethanol and were found to have a pattern similar to prekeratin but not
      identical to it. However, fibrous protein isolated from the superficial layers of
      the stratum showed a considerably different pattern indicating that there was
      post-translational modification of the protein in the late stages of
      keratinization. These data show that human keratin has the same heterogeneity
      which was observed previously in cow epidermis. This was further confirmed by
      studying the polypeptide chain content of prekeratin from a large number of
      lesions showing benign epidermal hyperplasia, where considerable variation in
      composition was observed.

PMID- 681785
TI  - Individual differences in the bacterial flora of the skin of the forehead:
      Peptococcus saccharolyticus.
AB  - Peptococcus saccharolyticus was a numerically important constituent of the
      bacterial flora of the forehead of 20% of 40 subjects. 16 of these subjects were
      studied over periods of 12 to 54 mo. It was consistently absent from 12 subjects,
      was present on every test of 3 subjects, and constituted 96 to 100% of the total
      flora on 1 subject tested 8 times in a 16-month period. On the forehead of one
      subject, Peptococcus saccharolyticus was recovered in only 1 of 5 tests.

PMID- 681786
TI  - Isolation and growth of adult human epidermal keratinocytes in cell culture.
AB  - Human epidermal keratinocytes may be isolated in high yield from 0.1 mm
      keratotome sections of adult skin by short-term trypsin release. When plated on a
      collagen-coated plastic surface or on a collagen gel, keratinocytes attach with
      high efficiencies (greater than 70%) and form confluent, stratified cultures.
      Cell populations of predominantly basal cells produce proliferative primary cell
      cultures while populations of basal cells and malpighian cells result in
      nonproliferative primary cultures. Both nonproliferative and proliferative
      primary cultures may be subcultured on collagen gels following dispersion by
      trypsin and EDTA. Methotrexate strongly inhibits proliferative keratinocytes at
      low concentrations (0.1 microgram/ml) but has no cytotoxic effect on non
      proliferative cells. L-serine and dexamethasone increase the multiplication rate
      of both primary and subcultured human keratinocytes.

PMID- 681787
TI  - Dopamine: a novel antitumor agent active against B-16 melanoma in vivo.
AB  - L-dopa methyl ester has been shown to be an effective antitumor agent against the
      B-16 melanoma in vivo. We have now examined the analog, dopamine, a major
      catabolite of L-dopa. Dopamine administration at a daily dose of 600 mg/kg
      resulted in a 48% (p less than .001) increase in survival of treated mice as
      compared to non-treated controls. In vitro, an effect similar to that observed
      with L-dopa methyl ester was noted, specifically, a rapid and profound inhibition
      of thymidine incorporation with little effect on uridine or leucine
      incorporation. We have postulated that the inhibition of a DNA polymerase might
      be the site of action of these novel antitumor agents.

PMID- 681788
TI  - Antibiotics in animal feeds: The need for better epidemiologic studies.

PMID- 681789
TI  - From the John E. Fogarty International Center for Advanced Study in the Health
      Sciences. Summary of the Internationl Workshop on the Ecology of Influenza
      Viruses.

PMID- 681790
TI  - Diagnoses of intestinal parasites by state and territorial public health
      laboratories, 1976.

PMID- 681791
TI  - Necrotizing myocarditis in mice infected with Western equine encephalitis virus:
      Clinical, electrocardiographic, and histopathologic correlations.
AB  - Western equine encephalitis (WEE) virus was found in myocardial tissue of adult
      mice during the first five days after inoculation of the virus, with a peak titer
      (5.0 log plaque-forming units/g) at 24 hr. Light microscopy revealed a multifocal
      necrotizing myocarditis with a prominent inflammatory response and hyaline and
      granular degeneration of myofibers. Electron microscopy showed cytoplasmic viral
      nucleoids and budding and free mature WEE viral particles. Serial
      electrocardiograms showed the development of disturbances of rate and rhythm,
      defects in conduction, marked elevation in the ST segment, and low voltage.
      Myocarditis has not been previously recognized as a complication of alphavirus
      infection in humans. and we found no evidence for myocardial damage in 11 persons
      with acute WEE virus infections studied electrocardiographically in 1975.
      Demonstration of myocarditis in the WEE virus-infected mouse, however, suggests
      the need to monitor human patients for possible cardiac involvement during future
      epidemics of WEE virus infection.

PMID- 681792
TI  - Mechanisms of infertility in genital tract infections due to Chlamydia psittaci
      transmitted through contaminated semen.
AB  - Ten heifers inseminated with semen artificially contaminated with Chlamydia
      psittaci were not pregnant 40 days later, whereas five of 10 control heifers
      inseminated with the same semen mixed with control diluent became pregnant.
      Normal embryos were recovered two and one-half or three days after insemination
      of another group of animals with semen containing C. psittaci, a finding
      indicating that fertilization failure was not responsible for the infertility.
      Uterine biopsy samples taken from two heifers in this group contained scattered
      Chlamydia-infected cells that were detected by immunofluorescence in the
      subepithelial tissues of the uterine horns. This finding suggests that the
      infertility may result from an alteration in the uterine environment caused by
      multiplication of C. psittaci.

PMID- 681793
TI  - Tautology in epidemic models.

PMID- 681794
TI  - Isolation and characterization of protease-deficient mutants of vibrio cholerae.
AB  - Mutants of Vibrio cholerae that were deficient in protease production were
      isolated by picking clones form gelatin or casein plates which showed reduced
      zones of proteolysis. All mutants showed reduced ability to degrade complex
      proteins (casein and gelatin), and those tested were deficient in ability to
      degrade chicken egg ovomucin. Some of the mutants demonstrated a decrease in
      neuraminidase activity. Almost all mutants showed a dramatic loss of virulence in
      the infant mouse, although toxin was still produced. A partial revertant, to
      protease-proficient, demonstrated a simultaneous increase in neuraminidase
      activity and also an increase in mouse virulence. The strains described had a
      variety of phenotypes.

PMID- 681795
TI  - Prediction of the concentration of penicillins in ascitic fluid from serum
      kinetics and protein binding of the antibiotics in serum and ascitic fluid of
      dogs.
AB  - Ascites was induced in dogs by partial ligation of the inferior vena cava.
      Concentrations of ampicillin, penicillin G, oxacillin, cloxacillin,
      dicloxacillin, nafcillin, and methicillin in ascitic fluid and serum were each
      determined in three animals. All antibiotics were administered intramuscularly in
      a dose of 15 mg/kg (dry weight) for both single-dose and multiple-dose (eight
      doses at 4-hr intervals) studies. Binding of antibiotics to serum and ascitic
      fluid proteins was measured by ultracentrifugation. After single doses the highly
      protein-bound drugs (oxacillin, cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, and nafcillin) had
      lower percentages of penetration (ratio of peak in ascitic fluid to that in
      serum, multipled by 100) than did methicillin, ampicillin, and penicillin G,
      which have a lower degree of protein binding. The effect was partially overcome
      by repetitive doses, but five to six doses were usually required to reach
      equilibrium. In addition to protein binding, serum kinetics (particularly the log
      mean total concentration of drug in serum after multiple doses) were important
      determinants of antibiotic concentrations in ascitic fluid. The total antibiotic
      concentration in ascitic fluid at equilibrium can be accurately calculated from
      the log mean serum concnetration and the percentages of protein binding in serum
      and ascitic fluid.

PMID- 681796
TI  - Canine mycoplasmas: pathogenicity of mycoplasmas associated with distemper
      pneumonia.
AB  - Mycoplasmas of the following species were isolated from the lungs of dog with
      distemper: Mycoplasma cynos, Mycoplasma bovigenitalium, Mycoplasma canis,
      Mycoplasma spumans, and Mycoplasma gateae. One-week-old dogs were inoculated
      endobronchially with cloned cultures of each species. M. cynos induced a focal
      pneumonia that were characterized histologically by severe inflammation of
      bronchi and adjacent respiratory tract tissue. The inflammatory response was
      initially neutrophilic and later was histiocytic with interstitial lymphoid
      hyperplasia. M. cynos was recovered from the lungs of inoculated dogs until three
      weeks after inoculation. A mild inflammatory response was observed in lung tissue
      of the dog inoculated with M. bovigenitalium, whereas M. canis, M. spumans, and,
      M. gateae did not induce any visible lesions.

PMID- 681797
TI  - Infantile papular acrodermatitis (Gianotti's disease) and intrafamilial occurence
      of acute hepatitis B with jaundice: age dependency of clinical manifestations of
      hepatitis B virus infection.
AB  - Infantile papular acrodermatitis (IPA, Gianotti's disease) is a clinical
      manifestation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in childhood. An epidemic of
      of IPA occurred in Matsuyama, Japan, where 153 patients in a pediatric clinic had
      IPA between October 1974 and March 1977. In this period 12 mothers and two
      fathers of patients contracted acute hepatitis B with overt jaundice three to 14
      months after their offspring had IPA. Analysis of the subtype of hepatitis B
      surface antigen (HBsAg) in the infants and their jaundiced mothers and/or fathers
      disclosed that HBV was transmitted from the infants. All of the index cases were
      one year old or younger, although the age of patients with IPA ranged from three
      months to 10 years. In approximately 40% of patients with IPA who were one year
      old or younger, HBs antigenemia persisted for one year. These facts suggested
      that the contraction of IPA in children, especially those one year old or
      younger, was an important route toward establishment of the carrier state of HBV
      which maintains the reservoir of this virus in the community.

PMID- 681798
TI  - Measurement of IgM and IgG antibodies to Yersinia by solid-phase
      radioimmunoassay.
AB  - Solid-phase radioimmunoassays for IgM and IgG antibodies to Yersinia
      enterocolitica serotype 3. Y. enterocolitica serotype 9, and Yersinia
      pseudotuberculosis IA are described. Bacteria were adsorbed onto polystyrene
      balls, and serum antibodies bound to the antigen-coated balls were quantitated by
      their capacity to bind 125I-labeled antibodies to human immunoglobulins.

PMID- 681799
TI  - Incomplete inactivation of hepatitis B virus after heat treatment at 60 C for 10
      hours.
AB  - A 10(-3) dilution of pooled serum (positive for hepatitis B e antigen and DNA
      polymerase activity) containing hepatitis B virus (HBV) in a titer 10(5) times
      the chimpanzee-infectious dose, was heated under water maintained at 60 C for 10
      hr. There was a twofold decrease in the titer of hepatitis B surface antigen
      (HBsAg) as measured by reverse passive hemagglutination after the heat treatment.
      The heated, diluted serum was still infectious and caused HBV infections in both
      seronegative chimpanzees given 1-ml iv inoculations of the diluted serum.
      However, the infectivity of the virus was decreased approximately 10(4)-fold by
      heat treatment as judged from the prolonged incubation period before appearance
      of HBsAg in blood. This figure was based on the inverse linear relation between
      the dose of HBV and the incubation period. The incomplete inactivation of HBV by
      heat treatment at 60 C for 10 hr should be emphasized because it is widely
      accepted that heat treatment destroys HBV.

PMID- 681800
TI  - Comparison of the in vitro antifungal activities of miconazole and a new
      imidazole, R41,400.
AB  - R41,400 is a recently synthesized, water-soluble imidazole. Its antifungal
      properties were compared in vitro with those of miconazole using an agar dilution
      procedure and 175 isolates of human fungal pathogens. The filamentous forms of
      Histoplasma capsulatum and Blastomyces dermatitidis were inhibited by less than
      or equal to 2 microgram of either drug/ml; Coccidioides immitis was inhibited by
      less than or equal to 0.5 microgram of R41,400/ml. Among the yeasts tested,
      Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida parapsilosis were the most susceptibel to the
      two drugs, whereas Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis were the least
      susceptible; 0.5 microgram of either drug/ml was inhibitory for 90%-100% of
      tested isolates of C. neoformans but for only less than or equal to 20% of
      isolates of C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and Torulopsis glabrata. Both drugs were
      inhibitory for most isolates of Trichophyton and Microsporum species at
      concentrations of less than or equal to 4 microgram/ml; Epidermophyton floccosum
      was uniquely susceptible to both drugs.

PMID- 681801
TI  - Relationship of subtypes of hepatitis B surface antigen with e antigen and its
      corresponding antibody.
AB  - A total of 3,212 samples of blood from asymptomatic volunteer donors positive for
      hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) by radioimmunoassay and 860 samples negative
      for HBsAg were tested for the presence of hepatitis e antigen (HBeAg) and its
      corresponding antibody (anti-HBe) using a rheophoresis technique. Neither HBeAg
      nor anti-HBe was detected in any sample negative for HBsAg. Of the HBsAg-positive
      samples, 237 (7.4%) contained HBeAg and 749 (23.3%) had anti-HBe. HBeAg was
      significantly (P less than or equal to 0.0005) more likely to be in samples with
      high titers of HBsAg. Anti-HBe had an equal chance of occurring in samples with
      low or high titers of HBsAg. Both HBeAg and anti-HBe were found in samples with
      HBsAg subtypes ad or ay. However, a significant association (P less than or equal
      to 0.0005) between HBsAg/ay and HBeAg as well as an association between anti-HBe
      and HBsAg/ad was found.

PMID- 681802
TI  - Report of a case of bacterial sepsis caused by a naturally occurring variant form
      of Staphylococcus aureus.

PMID- 681803
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of tobramycin.

PMID- 681804
TI  - [Evolutionary sequence of biological oxygen toxicity protection, respiration and
      oxygen evolving photosynthesis in prokaryotes--a question of evolutionary trees
      presented by Schwartz and Dayhoff (author's transl)].

PMID- 681805
TI  - [A simple method to determine the molecular weight of proteins (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 681806
TI  - Chronic iron overload: new chelators and new strategies.

PMID- 681807
TI  - Mechanism of iron chelation in the hypertransfused rat: definition of two
      alternative pathways of iron mobilization.
AB  - The mechanism of action of two recently identified iron-chelating drugs, RA and
      CHA, was compared with that of two well-known chelating agents, DF and DTPA, in
      hypertransfused rats labeled with selective parenchymal and RE cell radioiron
      probes. The existence of two alternative pathways for the in vivo chelation of
      iron has been indicated by the present findings. The first of these pathways
      involves the extracellular chelation of RE cell iron and its subsequent excretion
      in the urine. The second pathway is concerned with the intracellular binding of
      hepatic parenchymal cell iron and its subsequent excretion in the bile. Iron
      chelation by DTPA is restricted to the first pathway, whereas iron chelation by
      CHA is confined to the second pathway. DF and RA have a dual effect and are able
      to enhance the urinary excretion of RE cell iron as well as the biliary excretion
      of hepatic parenchymal iron. Hypertransfused rats are a simple and useful
      experimental model for the study of iron mobilization by chelating agents of
      potential clinical usefulness. However, further studies are required to show
      whether the pathways of iron chelation identified in rats may represent the
      mechanism of iron chelation in patients with transfusional iron overload.

PMID- 681808
TI  - C-1 inactivator and cold-promoted activation of factor VII.
AB  - When exposed to  temperatures between -5 degree and +5 degree C, plasma from
      pregnant women and from certain blood donors show shortening of the Thrombotest
      clotting time, kallikrein formation, and activation of blood-clotting factor VII.
      This phenomenon has been called cold-promoted activation of factor VII (CPA). In
      this study, it was found that CPA-positive plasma or serum samples which had been
      exposed to low temepratures showed spontaneous disappearance of C-1-inactivator
      activity in parallel to the shortening of the Thrombotest clotting time. C-1
      inactivator antigen was not affected by storage at 4 degree C. In these CPA
      possitive samples the loss of C-1-inactivator activity is caused partially by the
      formation of kallikrein at this temperature because when kallikrelin was added to
      C-1 inactivator, the latter was inactive when tested in the esterolytic assay.
      The formation of Hageman factor fragments may add to further loss. Purified C-1
      inactivator effectively inhibited the CPA phenomenon, whereas alpha2
      macroglobulin did so only weakly. This finding indicates that during exposure of
      CPA-positive plasma samples to low temperatures, Hageman factor fragments, which
      are inhibited only by C-1 inactivator, induce the activation of the kallikrein
      system and blood clotting factor VII. The reported lowered activity of C-1
      inactivator in pregnancy is probably an artifact caused by generation of CPA
      during storage, since in fresh samples the levels were compeletely normal.
      Similarly, various subjects classified as belonging to the variant type of HANE
      (low C-1-inactivator activity with a normal antigen content) were found to have
      normal C-1-inactivator activity when determinations were made on fresh instead of
      frozen samples. It is recommended that plasma or serum samples should not be
      exposed to temperatures between -5degree and +5degree C prior to the
      determination of C-1-inactivator activity. Moreover, during purification
      procedures of kallikrein-binding antiproteases such as C-1 inactivator and also
      alpha2-macroglobulin, the occurrence of CPA should be avoided by the use of CPA
      negative plasma as starting material.

PMID- 681809
TI  - Precise anticoagulation for routine hemodialysis.
AB  - A pharmacokinetic model for minimal dose heparinization for chornic hemodialysis
      patients was recently described by Gotch and Keen. The model requires the
      determination of two parameters: dose sensitivity (computed for a given heparin
      dose from increase in WBPTT above a baseline value) and the heparin elimination
      constant. This study describes the extension of this model to the more precise
      control of anticoagulation during routine dialysis. S and K were measured in 30
      stable chronic dialysis patients and were found to differ markedly (0.015 less
      than or equal to S 0.08 sec/unit; 0.04 less than or equal to K less than or equal
      to 1.7 hr-1). The mean S value was 0.041 +/- 0.002 sec/unit (N = 30) and the mean
      K value was 0.90 +/- 0.06 hr-1 (N = 30). In addition, the mean t 1/2 of heparin
      obtained in the group of 30 patients from individual rate constants was 0.86 +/-
      0.06 hr, in excellent agreement with values obtained in normal subjects given
      similar doses of the drug. Variations in sensitivity during dialysis were
      minimal, but variations in elimination rate of up to 50% were encountered during
      modeling. However, the large variations in K did  not affect the applicability of
      the model of control clotting times during dialysis when infusion requirements
      were based on mean values of S and K taken over four to five dialyses. In an
      initial group of five patients, whose heparin requirements were reduced by an
      average of 38% +/- 20 (range  13% to 65%), there was no significant change in the
      degree of dialyzer clotting in comparing premodeling and postmodeling heparin
      therapy. In most of the remaining patients (N = 22) the pattern was similar: a
      reduction in total heparin administration without increased dialyzer clotting. In
      three patients (10%) over-all heparin dose had to be moderately increased (3% to
      13%). Heparin modeling has been successfully applied to routine anticoahe
      technique cannot be extended to other clinical procedures involving either
      intermittent or continuous infusion of heparin. To assist in the application of
      heparin modeling, nomograms have been developed.

PMID- 681810
TI  - Fetal sulfated and nonsulfated bile acids in intrahepatic cholestasis of
      pregnancy.
AB  - Nonsulfated the sulfated bile acids were determined in maternal and umbilical
      cord serum, amniotic fluid, and meconium samples in pregnancies complicated by
      maternal intrahepatic cholestasis, and the results were compared with those
      obtained in uncomplicated pregnancy. The serum levels of nonsulfated and sulfated
      bile acids were elevated in both maternal and fetal serum in cholestasis
      pregnancies, and there was a considerable maternal-to-fetal difference in their
      levels across the placenta, the lower values being in the fetal compartment. The
      proportion of sulfate conjugates of the total serum bile acids was similar in
      both compartments, about 10%. In amniotic fluid low levels of cholic and
      chenodeoxycholic acid were found in uncomplicated pregnancies. In the cholestasis
      pregnancies amniotic fluid bile acid levels were elevated, especially that of
      cholic acid. The swallowing of considerable amounts of bile salt by the fetus
      with the amniotic fluid leads to an increased accumulation of bile salt in the
      meconium in cholestasis. The proportion of sulfate-conjugated bile acids was
      large in the meconium samples in both uncomplicated and cholestasis pregnancies.

PMID- 681811
TI  - Cholesterol from serum and cholesterol-phospholipid dispersions by isolated rat
      hepatocytes in vitro.
AB  - The rate of uptake of cholesterol by isolated rat hepatocytes from incubation
      medium containing rat serum was low and did not increase by the prolongation of
      incubation time up to 2 hr at 4 degree. However, the hepatocytes took up
      cholesterol very actively at 37.5 degree from serum as well as from a cholesterol
      phospholipid dispersion. The cholesterol uptake by the cells from liposomes
      increased linearly with the increase of the cholesterol concentration of
      liposomes, but that from serum reached the maximum at about 1.5 mu mol/ml
      cholesterol and remained at a plateau level at higher concentrations. Cholesterol
      was transfered from every class of serum lipoprotein, although the uptake ratio
      was the highest from the LDL fraction. As the lipoprotein concentration was
      increased, the uptake ratio decreased in the same way as that observed in the
      incubation with whole serum. The concentration of labeled ester cholesterol in
      the medium decreased more rapidly than free cholesterol during incubation.
      Cholesterol in the hepatocytes, however, was found mainly as the free form,
      suggesting that ester cholesterol taken up by the cells was rapidly hydrolyzed.
      Cholesterol accumulation was not observed in hepatocytes incubated in medium
      containing serum, but their cholesterol content was increased after the
      incubation in medium with liposomes of high cholesterol concentration. Therefore
      the uptake of cholesterol by hepatocytes from serum lipoproteins is probably
      carried out by a process different from that of uptake from liposomes which is
      considered to be a physicochemical phenomenon.

PMID- 681812
TI  - Microtubule assembly in renal medullary slices: effects of vasopressin,
      vinblastine, and lithium.
AB  - The effects of vasopressin and some of its inhibitors on the extent of MT
      polymerization (assembly) were studied in renal medullary slices by means of
      temperature-dependent polymerization-depolymerization procedure to determine the
      relative ratio of free (unpolymerized) tubulin to assembled MT's. Assembled MT's
      were stabilized in a medium containing high concentrations of glycerol and DMSO.
      Tubulin was assessed indirectly by the [3H]-CLC-binding assay. Incubation of
      slices at temperatures higher than 20 degree C promoted MT polymerization.
      Although vasopressin markedly increased the tissue levels of cAMP and activated
      in situ cAMP-dependent protein kinase, it did not change the extent of MT
      polymerization. On the other hand, VBL and to a lesser degree lithium chloride
      inhibited the rate of MT assembly. This finding suggests that VBL and lithium,
      which are known to inhibit the antidiuretic effect of vasopressin in vivo, may
      exert at least part of their inhibitory effect by interfering with MT assembly in
      the renal medulla. Present results thus are consistent with the view that
      vasopressin does not influence the extent of cytoplasmic MT polymerization in
      spite of the increase in tissue cAMP level and activation of protein kinase but
      that inact MT's are required for the cellular action of vasopressin.

PMID- 681813
TI  - The effect of experimental tobacco smoke inhalation on in vitro alveolar
      macrophage bactericidal function.
AB  - The in vitro antibacterial activity of rat alveolar macrophages against a
      challenge of radiolabeled Staphylococcus epidermidis was studied following 30 and
      60 consecutive days of in vivo tobacco smoke inhalation in a dose equivalent to
      approximately 1 1/2 packs of unfiltered cigarettes per day in man. Macrophages
      harvested by bronchopulmonary lavage, were cultured, infected, and assayed hourly
      for 3 hr to determine the relative percentage of surviving radiolabeled
      intracellular bacteria. Macrophages  harvested from smoke-treated rats for 30
      days had an impaired capacity to kill bacteria when compared to macrophages from
      control and sham-smoked animals (63.5% +/- 3.3, 80.8% +/- 3.8, and 86.2% %/- 1.2
      killed in 3 hr, respectively). Alveolar macrophages harvested from rats exposed
      to cigarette smoke for 60 days, however, did not have an impairment in their
      bactericidal activity relative to matched controls (73.3% +/- 3.9 vs 69.8% +/-
      6.9 killed in 3 hr). These data imply that doses of cigarette smoke commonly
      consumed by man impair the in vitro bactericidal function of the rat alveolar
      macrophages following 30 consecutive days of experimental smoke treatment. The
      disappearance of this effect after 60 days of exposure to tobacco smoke suggests
      that an adaptation to the initial impairment has developed.

PMID- 681814
TI  - Comparison of screening methods for determination of N4-acetyltransferase
      capacity (acetylator phenotype) in outbred rabbit strains.
AB  - The low incidence (10% to 35%) of slow acetylator phenotype requires development
      of efficient screening techniques for phenotyping rabbits. We report here the
      phenotyping of 166 rabbits by means of an IA calculated from the plasma
      determination of SDZ and NSDZ at 60 min after a dose of 20 mg/kg SDZ
      intravenously. The IA is compared to the elimination t 1/2 beta of SDZ as well as
      with other parameters. CITB and present of dose recovered in urine as NSDZ. The
      use of IA to screen for slow or fast acetylators when compared to t1/2 beta
      resulted in six rabbits being misclassified (13.3%); the use of CITB values from
      the same animals resulted in two misclassifications (4.4%); the use of percent of
      dose recovered in urine as NSDZ resulted in only one rabbit being misclassified
      (3.8%). We conclude that the IA provides an efficient screening procedure for
      acetylation phenotype in the rabbit with the further advantage that it can be
      performed as part of the definitive t1/2 beta determination, avoiding double
      handling of rabbits.

PMID- 681815
TI  - Dissociation of the neutrophill functions of exocytosis and chemotaxis.
AB  - The peptide Gly-His-Gly is shown to be chemotactic for human neutrophils in vitro
      and for rabbit neutrophils in vivo but to be unable to induce lysosomal enzyme
      release from human neutrophils at sublytic concentrations. The failure of this
      chemotactic peptide to elicit lysosomal enzyme release provides evidence that
      interactions with a chemotactic receptor does not necessarily activate chemotaxis
      and exocytosis in the human neutrophil, thus suggesting that the presumed common
      pathway of exocytosis and chemotaxis may be divergent at the  cell receptor
      and/or postreceptor level.

PMID- 681816
TI  - Effect of protein deprivation on hematopoietic stem cells and on peripheral blood
      counts.
AB  - Experiments were performed to determined the effect of protein deprivation on CFU
      S in the spleen and femoral marrow, on the peripheral blood counts, and on the
      rate at which these parameters regenerate following radiation. Splenic CFU-S
      decrease in number after only 3 days on diets containing 5% protein or less.
      Marrow CFU-S, on the other hand, decrease only after mice are fed a protein-free
      diet for 4 weeks or more. The hematocrits, platelet counts, and WBC counts fall
      in the latter group. Marrow CFU-S regenerate more slowly in irradiated mice fed
      diets containing 5% protein or less. Also, the hemocrits, WBC counts, and
      platelet counts of irradiated mice fed diets containing 5% protein regenerate
      more slowly than do those of irradiated mice fed normal diets. The effect of
      protein deprivation on erythropoietin production, erythropoiesis, granulocyte
      function, and immunocompetence is well known. The studies reported here indicate,
      in addition, that protein deprivation also causes the numbers of CFU-S and the
      platelet counts to decline.

PMID- 681817
TI  - Variability in the interaction of beta-thalassemia with the alpha-chain variants
      Hb G-Philadelphia and Hb Rampa.
AB  - Two unrelated families are reported in which beta-thalassemia trait occurred with
      a heterozygosity of Hb G-Philadelphia (alpha2 68(E17)Asn leads to Lys beta2) in
      one family and with Hb Rampa (alpha2 95(G2)Pro leads to Ser beta2) in the other.
      The percentage of Hb G-Philadelphia was not influenced by the simultaneous
      presence of a beta-thalassemai determinant, but that of Hb Rampa was descreased
      from 20% in the simple heterozygote to about 6% in persons with the Hb Rampa-beta
      thalassemia combination. Data from  in vitro recombination experiments with
      isolated alpha X, alpha A, and beta A chains, with heme attached, indicated a
      preferential formation of Hb A over Hb Rampa but not over Hb G-Philadelphia in
      conditions of relative beta-chain deficiency. This suggests that the rate of
      assembly of monomers to form dimers or tetramers can be an important mechanism of
      controlling the quantity of certain hemoglobin variants with critical
      substitutions in heterozygotes.

PMID- 681818
TI  - Computer-based information handling systems.

PMID- 681819
TI  - An interactive data management and analysis system for clinical investigators.
AB  - An interactive minicomputer-based system has been developed that enables the
      clinical research investigator to personally explore and analyze his research
      data and, as a consequence of these explorations, to acquire more information.
      This system, which does not require extensive training or computer programming,
      enables the investigator to describe his data interactively in his own terms,
      enter data values while having them checked for validity, store time-oriented
      patient data in a carefully controlled on-line data base, retrieve data by
      patient, variable, and time, create subsets of patients with common
      characteristics, perform statistical analyses, and produce tables and graphs. It
      also permits data to be transferred to and from other computers. The system is
      well accepted and is being used by a variety  of medical specialists at the three
      clinical research centers where it is operational. Reported benefits include less
      elapsed and nonproductive time, more thorough analysis of more data, greater and
      earlier insight into the meaning of research data, and increased publishable
      results.

PMID- 681820
TI  - Radioimmunoassay for human myoglobin: methods and results in patients with
      skeletal muscle or myocardial disorders.
AB  - A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay has been developed for the measurement
      of serum Mb. immunization of rabbit with human Mb yielded anti-Mb antibody which
      was purified by affinity chromatography. Human hemoglobin, CK, and the component
      of serum per se did not appear to cross-react with the antibody. Mb was
      radiolabeled by the chloramine T method. The radioimmunoassay method could detect
      as little as 0.3 ng of Mb and was not affected by hemolysis. Information is also
      given on precision, recovery, and specimen preservation. Mb levels could be
      detected in all of 120 normal adults, and the values ranged between 1 and 28
      ng/ml (mean, 13.1 +/- 6.1). No sex difference was observed. Levels were markedly
      elevated in all the patients with progressive muscular dystrophy, especially in
      the Duchenne type at the level of 40 to 1700 ng/ml. It was also noticed that
      about 70% of female gene carriers of Duchenne type had a slightly increased Mb
      level. An elevated serum Mb was also noted in polymyositis. In every case of
      acute myocardial infarction, serum Mb levels were increased, peak values ranging
      from 175 to 4400 ng/ml and averaging 1162 +/- 287.9. Mb levels were elevated
      faster and peaked earlier (within 6 to 12 hr after the attack) than serum CK
      activity and returned to nearly normal range within 3 to 4 days. The increase in
      serum Mb was also noticed in shock and surgery. These data indicate that
      radioimmunoassay of Mb is a useful test for judging the myolytic state of
      myogenic myopathies and for early detection of myocardial infarction.

PMID- 681821
TI  - The anemia of chronic renal failure: studies of the effect of organic solvent
      extraction of serum.
AB  - CRF serum contains a material(s) which is inhibitory to erythropoiesis in vitro.
      The chemical nature and mechanism of action of this material are unclear at the
      present time. To further study this problem, we extracted NL serum and CRF serum
      samples with two organic solvents, chloroform and petroleum ether. The serum
      samples were studied before and after extraction in a tissue culture system in
      which dog erythroblasts were stimulated by EP to synthesize heme. Before
      extraction, cells suspended in CRF serum synthesized less heme than cells
      cultured in NL serum. Extraction of CRF serum with chloroform, but not petroleum
      ether, resulted in an improvement in its ability to support heme synthesis.
      Studies of the material extracted by chloroform from CRF serum showed that it was
      inhibitory to erythropoiesis. We propose that the erythropoietic inhibitory
      substance in uremic serum in soluble in chloroform but not in petroleum ether,
      suggesting that it is a polar lipid.

PMID- 681822
TI  - The effect of serum from patients with chronic renal failure on erythroid colony
      growth in vitro.
AB  - Considerable evidence suggests that insufficient EP production and the presence
      of a toxic factor inhibiting erythropoiesis are two major factors responsible for
      the production of anemia in patients with CRF. The toxic factor can be detected
      in a number of tissue culture systems. In order to evaluate its mechanism of
      action in a proliferation-dependent system, we studied the formation of erythroid
      colonies in plasma clots containing normal serum and CRF serum, using normal
      mouse marrow cells as the target organ. Fewer colonies were found in cultures
      containing uremic serum. This effect was greater as the concentration of serum
      was increased. No differences were found in the size or morphology of colonies
      formed. Addition of urea and creatinine to normal sera did not affect their
      ability to support colony growth. Uremic sera had no effect on white cell colony
      growth in the plasma clot system. We conclude that materials inhibitory to
      erythroid proliferation are present in CRF serum.

PMID- 681823
TI  - Human fibrinogen heterogeneities: distribution and charge characteristics of
      chains of A alpha origin.

PMID- 681824
TI  - Catabolism of hemoglobin by human erythrocyte membranes.
AB  - The role of the human erythrocyte membrane in degrading hemoglobin and hemoglobin
      subunits was investigated by determined the total radioactivity (cpm) of the
      nascent alpha and beta globin chains attached to the membrane after labeling of
      intact cells with 14C-leucine. In conditions characterized by balanced globin
      synthesis (normal and sickle cell anemia), the total radioactivity of membrane
      attached alpha globin is always less than membrane-attached beta globin
      (alpha/beta = 0.60 +/- 0.10) despite the equal synthesis of alpha and beta chains
      in the hemolysate. In conditions characterized by unbalanced globin synthesis
      (alpha-thal and beta-thal traits) the cpm of membrane-attached alpha are also
      less than those of membrane-attached beta. Attachment of globin chains to the
      membrane is not related to the net ionic charge of individual chains, but the
      amount of attachment is related to the relative size of the free intracellular
      alpha chain pool. The alpha/beta ratio of less than 1 is not due to selective
      attachment of nascent beta chains or selective destruction of nascent alpha
      chains. The data indicate that part of the discrepancy between membrane and
      hemolysate alpha/beta radioactivities seen in the conditions studied is due to
      different rates of entry into the membrane and catabolism of newly labeled globin
      polypeptide chains by it.

PMID- 681825
TI  - A platelet procoagulant activity associated with platelet shape change.
AB  - PCA was measured for human PRP by determining recalcification times assayed in a
      minimal-dilution, controlled PH/PCO2 system in a siliconized cuvette, with the
      use of light transmission measurements (aggregometry). Platelet shape,
      aggregation, and plasma clotting end points were assayed photometrically, with
      platelet morphology and aggregation studied in parallel by light microscopy. With
      varying concentrations of ADP preincubated with PRP initially containing
      essentially disc-shaped platelets, it was found that induced shape change in the
      absence of an aggregation is necessary and sufficient for the development of PCA.
      This was consistently measurable as a shortening of recalcification times by
      approximately 50% for suspensions of shape-changed platelets vs. disc-shaped
      platelets. The pharmacologic inhibition of the endoperoxide pathway-mediated
      platelet secondary aggregation and release by aspirin administered in vivo does
      not impair the ability of human platelets to develop this PCA. Inhibition of
      shape change with amounts of 5'-adenosine monophosphate insufficient to affect
      coagulation tests in the absence of platelets leads to 80% to 90% inhibition of
      the ADP-induced PCA. This PCA is shown to be fully reversible, with morphologic
      reversion of shape-changed platelets to the discoid form, and is shown to be
      distinct from other PCAs previously described for platelets activated in
      different ways, such as PF3 activity. It is suggested that the binding of
      coagulation factors to the platelet membrane may be regulated concomitantly with
      shape change.

PMID- 681826
TI  - Defective chemotaxis in uremia.
AB  - Of uremic patients, 37% demonstrated the presence of CFI in their sera. The serum
      factor acts directly on leukotatic factors, C5f, C3f, and BF to render them
      irreversibly inactive. Inhibitory activity was found in five of 16 patients: 37%
      to 61% for C5f, 25% to 36% for C3f, and 28% to 51% for BF. There is no
      correlation of this inhibitory activity with BUN or creatinine levels. The
      presence of this chemotactic inhibitor may be responsible for the increased
      incidence of infection in uremia.

PMID- 681827
TI  - Effect of nonsupressible insulin-like protein on glomerular protein synthesis.
AB  - Partially purified preparations of NSILP were evaluated for effect on
      incorporation of labeled precursors into protein, collagen, and basement membrane
      by isolated rat renal glomeruli. Dowex-adsorbed NSILP (0.5 mU/mg) inhibited the
      secretion of protein and collagen and resulted in a significant diminution of
      incorporation of labeled lysine into glomerular basement membrane. Glomerular
      protein and collagen secretion were also inhibited in the presence of Sephadex G
      200 NSILP (4.5 mU/mg), but an effect on incorporation of radiolabeled proline,
      hydroxyproline, lysine, and hydroxylysine into glomerular basement membrane was
      not observed. The in vitro response of renal glomeruli to NSILP constitutes
      another "insulin-like" effect of this substance.

PMID- 681828
TI  - The measurement of urinary prostaglandin E in normal subjects and in high-renin
      states.
AB  - Antisera generated toward PGE was obtained from rabbits immunized with PGE2
      conjugated to bovine thyroglobulin by the carbodiimide reaction. The specificity
      of the antibody is such that only PGE1 and PGE2 has significant cross-reactions.
      13, 14-Dihydro and 15-keto PG's did not react. An RIA capable of measuring 6 pg
      of PGE2 was developed to measure PGE in human urine. Urine samples adjusted with
      buffer to pH-5 are extracted with 5% MeOH in CH2CI2 and chromatographed through
      Sephadex LH-20 columns. The second-antibody technique is used to separate bound
      from free. This urine method yields blank values of 2 +/- 2 pg per sample, with a
      between-assay precision determined by duplicate analysis of 14% and intra-assay
      precision of 8%. The mean urinary excretion rate is 500 +/- 74 (S.E.), +/- 209
      (S.D.) ng/day (n = 8) in men and 300 +/- 70, +/- 242 (n = 12) in women. These
      values are in agreement with those reported by others using gas chromatography
      mass spectrometry of receptor assay with hepatic plasma membranes. Patients in a
      high-renin state, whether normotensive or hypertensive, have elevated PGE in
      urine. These studies suggest a relationship between the renin-angiotensin system
      and renal PG's in man.

PMID- 681829
TI  - Studies on platelet plasma membranes. IV. Quantitative analysis of platelet
      membrane glycoproteins by (125I)-diazotized diiodosulfanilic acid labeling and
      SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

PMID- 681830
TI  - Interaction of plasma proteins with artificial surfaces: protein adsorption
      isotherms.
AB  - A simple technique using a small disc which is dipped into a 125I-labeled protein
      solution has been devised to study the adsorption of human albumin, fibrinogen,
      and IgG onto Cuprophane or PVC. The purity of these human plasma proteins has
      been examined carefully with PAGE and immunochemical methods. The adsorption
      isotherms of albumin, fibrinogen, and IgG show a langmuir type adsorption.
      Delipidation of albumin did not alter the albumin affinity to Cuprophane and PVC.
      The surface saturation concentration (ng/cm2) for albumin, fibrinogen, or IgG
      were all found to be more on PVC (a hydrophobic surface) than on Cuprophane (a
      hydrophilic surface). The competitive adsorption of one protein species in a two-
      or three-protein mixture was also studied. Albumin and fibrinogen complete with
      each other for adsorption. The effects of IgG on the adsorption of albumin or
      fibrinogen were inconsistent and not predictable; the reason for this is unknown.
      The effect of laminar flow on albumin adsorption was studied with a specially
      designed Richardson flow chamber. In general caused an increase in albumin
      adsorption over that at static conditions. The increase of albumin adsorption was
      more pronounced also for PVC than for Cuprophane from 1 to 10 ml/min.

PMID- 681831
TI  - The surgery of congenital deafness.
AB  - This paper outlines the indications for surgery of congenital deafness in
      complete meatal aplasia, the methods of audiological and radiological assessment
      and an operative technique used in ten ears. It is felt that otologic surgery
      should be done before the pinna reconstruction as it is very important to try and
      introduce sound into these children at an early age. In addition, the position of
      the new auricle can be made more satisfactorily around an already established
      meatus. The value of tomography of the internal as well as the middle ear is
      stressed and the necessity for providing a stable and uninfected meatus
      emphasized with regard to the possible fitting of a hearing aid.

PMID- 681832
TI  - Sudden sensorineural hearing loss: electrocochleographic findings in 70 patients.
AB  - The results of transtympanic ECochG in 70 patients with sudden sensorineural
      deafness are presented. ECochG was compared with traditional methods of
      audiometry as a means of deciding whether the deafness was mainly cochlear or
      retrocochlear. It was found to make a useful and sometimes unique contribution.
      ECochG gave a definite localization of the deafness in 22 out of 23 patients in
      whom conventional methods of audiometry had produced equivocal results and was
      also found to be extremely valuable in 17 patients with "dead" ears. Electrical
      stimulation of the cochlea may have a prognostic value in cases of sudden
      retrocochlear deafness. A rational approach to the treatment of sudden deafness
      depends on precise knowledge of the aetiology and pathology: accurate
      localization of the site of the lesion is a convenient first step.

PMID- 681833
TI  - Diploic dermoids.
AB  - A diploic dermoid involving the orbital plate of the frontal bone is described in
      a 52-year-old man. It presented proptosis, downward displacement of the globe and
      limitation of its movement while looking up. Its extension into the anterior
      cranial fossa was detected by injecting a radio-opaque material into the cyst.

PMID- 681834
TI  - Idiopathic pleomorphic midfacial granuloma (Stewart's type).
AB  - Idiopathic mid-facial granuloma is an unusual highly destructive disease which
      was virtually unknown prior to 1955. Great confusion exists, due in large part to
      the terminology applied to this entity as well as the clinical similarity of the
      process to other destructive mid-facial lesions. A classical case of idiopathic
      mid-facial granuloma of Stewart's type is presented, with characteristic lesions
      limited to the mid-face. Definitive histopathological features consist of
      pleomorphic inflammatory granulation tissue with patchy necrosis and no system
      lesions or neoplasia in the autopsy tissues.

PMID- 681835
TI  - Malignant lymphoma of the maxillary sinus.
AB  - Extranodular lymphoma is not frequent and primary lymphoma of the paranasal
      sinuses is rare. An unusual case of malignant lymphoma of the maxillary sinus in
      a boy, involving the C.N.S. is reported.

PMID- 681836
TI  - Pneumosinus dilatans as a cause of variable unilateral proptosis.

PMID- 681837
TI  - Permanent closure of the nostrils in recurrent nasal myiasis.
AB  - Four cases of recurrent nasal myiasis were treated successfully by permanent
      closure of the nostrils. In two patients unilateral, and in two patients
      bilateral, closures were performed without further recurrence of the disease.

PMID- 681838
TI  - A clicking larynx.
AB  - A case of a "clicking", painful act of deglutition is presented. Overriding of
      the hyoid bone and the thyroid lamina is thought to have been the mechanism. A
      partial thyroid laminectomy performed sub-mucoperichondrially effected an
      immediate and, at present, lasting cure. No similar case could be found in the
      literature after extensive searches.

PMID- 681839
TI  - Chondrosarcoma of the thyroid cartilage.
AB  - A TUMOUR which had been present for nine years in the thyroid cartilage of a 45
      year-old man, was shown on microscopy to be a chondrosarcoma. This tumour
      probably took its origin in a pre-existing benign tumour at this site. The
      literature on similar previously documented tumours is reviewed, and the
      classification, diagnosis and management of these rare tumours is briefly
      discussed. Primary cartilaginous laryngeal tumours are uncommon (Hyams and
      Rubuzzi, 1970; Zizmor et al., 1975). A tumour of the thyroid cartilage which had
      been present for about nine years was shown histologically to be a low-grade
      chondrosarcoma probably arising from a pre-existing chondroma at this site. The
      clinical and pathological features of this case are presented and discussed in
      the light of the available literature.

PMID- 681840
TI  - Oral cancer.

PMID- 681841
TI  - Surgery of the nasal septum.
AB  - A modification of the 'maxilla-premaxilla' approach for nasal septum surgery is
      described. With this modification the mucosal elevation in the area of the two
      inferior tunnels is performed from above along the crests of the vomer, maxillary
      and premaxillary bones, instead of from below through the undermined base of the
      nose as in the 'maxilla-premaxilla' approach. This mucosal elevation is performed
      under direct vision in the intraseptal area instead of by blind elevation as in
      the 'maxilla-premaxilla' approach where the progress of the elevator beneath the
      nasal mucosa is followed through the nasal chambers. It gives the surgeon the
      increased advantage of working under the perichondrium and periosteum and of
      overcoming any difficulty arising from malformations in the anterior (caudal)
      area of the septal cartilage, premaxillary wings and maxillary crest. With this
      modification, extensive undermining of the base of the nose is also avoided.
      Finally the septal framework is fully exposed as in the 'maxilla-premaxilla'
      approach but in a more easy and safe way while all the advantages of the 'maxilla
      premaxilla' approach are preserved.

PMID- 681842
TI  - S.M.R.--a two-year follow-up survey.

PMID- 681843
TI  - Changes of the nasal mucosa in altered airflow illustrated by blind quantitative
      histology.
AB  - In 20 rabbits one nostril was closed surgically for 4, 10, 16, 20, 60 and 90
      days, and thereafter the mucous membranes from the open and closed sides of the
      nose were investigated. Anteriorly on the open side a process of repair started
      as early as the 4th day after ciliary damage. This process consisted in
      hyperplasia of basal cells, displacement and gradual desquamation of ciliated
      cells and goblet cells, differentiation of basal cells into ciliated and goblet
      cells. On the 16th day the epithelium was again ciliated. As a result of a
      continued abnormally increased airflow new damage to the cilia occurred and a new
      cycle was initiated, so that on the 30th and 90th days the epithelium was again
      ciliated. Even though the epithelium is 'squamous-like' in some phases, there is
      no question of a transformation into squamous epithelium. On the closed side
      anteriorly there is increased secretory activity in the epithelium. Posteriorly
      blind quantitative histology showed no differences between the open and the
      closed side, or between 'treated' and control material.

PMID- 681844
TI  - Cancer of the naso-pharynx in Kuwait.
AB  - A clinico-pathological study of 143 cases of malignancy of the naso-pharynx
      diagnosed and treated at the E.N.T. and Radiotherapy Departments of Al-Sabah
      Hospital, Kuwait, between the years 1963 to 1974 inclusive is presented. The
      entire population of Kuwait is served and also a variable but small number of
      Nomads. During the years of the survey the population has been steadily
      increasing from about 500,000 in 1963 to about a million in 1974. It is composed
      of 45 per cent Kuwaitis of pure Arab stock and 55 per cent of immigrant workers,
      largely of Arabic origin. Cancer of naso-pharynx is the commonest of all head and
      neck cancers (18.3 per cent) and comprises 4.2 per cent of all malignancies. This
      is comparable with the 5.1 per cent in the Arab population of North Africa. The
      sex incidence is 2.2 Kuwaiti males and 0.8 females per 100,000; Non-Kuwaitis 2.0
      male and 1.2 female per 100,000, giving an approximate ratio of 2.9 to 1 in both
      groups. The age distribution shows two peaks in male patients, Kuwaitis and Non
      Kuwaitis in the 2nd decade (11.1 per cent) and fifth decade (28.8 per cent). In
      females, the graph shows a plateau pattern from the 3rd decade onwards. Cervical
      lymphadenopathy (83 per cent) was the commonest presenting symptom. The commonest
      histological finding was undifferentiated carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma
      (28 per cent each). The hypotheses of the aetiology are reviewed.

PMID- 681846
TI  - Ototoxicity of chloroquine phosphate. A case report.

PMID- 681845
TI  - Accidental corrosive burns of the oesophagus. Is their incidence increasing?

PMID- 681847
TI  - Aural myiasis.

PMID- 681848
TI  - Mirror image pinna.

PMID- 681849
TI  - Basal-cell carcinoma in maxillary osteomyelitis.
AB  - A 40-year-old female with a basal-cell carcinoma in maxillary osteomyelitis is
      reported. Blood-stained discharge from a sinus associated with ulceration of the
      infra-orbital region and the onset of blindness wree the presenting features. It
      is suggested that biopsies from multiple sites of the lesion rather than reliance
      on the clinical picture would help in detecting early malignant change.

PMID- 681850
TI  - Bilateral post-intubation talc granulomata of the vocal cords.
AB  - A clear histological picture of talcum powder within the vocal cord granulomata
      in one patient has been described. As talcum powder is not deliberately employed
      during the manufacture of surgical gloves or endotracheal tubes, accidental
      contamination of the endotracheal tube appears likely.

PMID- 681851
TI  - Asymptomatic pulmonary nodule. A 25-year survey.

PMID- 681852
TI  - Self-help in mental health?

PMID- 681853
TI  - MAC and Maine's generic substitution law.

PMID- 681854
TI  - Drug therapy of status epilepticus.

PMID- 681855
TI  - An approach and management of primary peritonitis in children with nephrotic
      syndrome.

PMID- 681856
TI  - Anovestibular and anovulvar fistula without anorectal malformation in infant.

PMID- 681857
TI  - Liver function in Thai women using different types of hormonal contraceptive
      agents.

PMID- 681858
TI  - Prediction of height from foot length: the use of measurements of Thai infants
      under 3 years old in field surveys.

PMID- 681859
TI  - Testosterone as mediator of gamma--irradiation--induced damage in hepatic drug
      metabolism in the rat.

PMID- 681860
TI  - Fascial arthroplasty of the elbow joint.

PMID- 681861
TI  - Rural health care--challenges and prospect.

PMID- 681862
TI  - Systemic cryptococcosis and aspergillosis in the same patient: a case report.

PMID- 681863
TI  - Paragonimiasis: a case report from Chiang Rai province, Northern Thailand.

PMID- 681864
TI  - Rat myometrial activity in vivo: effects of oestradiol-17 beta and progesterone
      in relation to the concentrations of cytoplasmic progesterone receptors.
AB  - The amplitude, frequency and rate of rise of intra-uterine pressure cycles in
      rats (postpartum, ovariectomized) were unaffected by treatment with progesterone.
      Amplitude was also unaffected by a combination of treatments with progesterone
      and oestradiol-17 beta, which was adequate to ensure the survival of 84% of
      foetuses in ovariectomized pregnant rats. The failure of progesterone to
      influence myometerial activity could not be attributed to a lack of "true"
      progesterone receptors since these were present in the myometria of the test
      animals in concentrations exceeding those of oestrous animals. Evidence was
      obtained which suggested that a high-affinity binding protein, different from the
      "true" receptor may predominate in the myometrium of the pregnant rat. Oestradiol
      17 beta in single or repeated doses of from 0.25 to 5 microgram, however, was
      found to reduce the frequency of pressure cycles but to increase significantly
      their rate of rise of pressure. There was a latency of 6--8 h in these effects of
      oestradiol. The possibility that inhibition of the myometrium by oestrogen may
      play a part in the preparation for parturition is discussed.

PMID- 681865
TI  - Evidence that inhibition of myometrial activity by oestradiol in the rat is
      mediated by an RNA synthetic pathway.
AB  - Within some 14 h of treatment with oestradiol benzoate (5 microgram), the intra
      uterine pressure cycles in ovariectomized puerperal rats were almost abolished.
      However, treatment with 600 microgram actinomycin D 30 min before the
      administration of oestradiol benzoate interfered significantly with the
      inhibition of uterine mechanical activity during the following 14h. Treatment of
      rats with actinomycin D alone produced no significant fall in the frequency of
      pressure cycles. These results suggest that oestrogen inhibits myometrial
      activity in the rat through a mechanism which involves the synthesis of protein.

PMID- 681866
TI  - Prolonged oestrogenic and mitogenic activity of tamoxifen in the ovariectomized
      mouse.
AB  - A dose of tamoxifen (ICI 46,474), which has been found to inhibit the vaginal
      smear response to oestrogens, exerted prolonged oestrogenic effects in mice and
      increased the rate of cell proliferation in both the vagina and uterus. The
      vaginal epithelium became multilayered with stratified or cornified surface
      layers and the uterus developed gross cystic glandular hyperplasia. This
      demonstrates that ICI 46,474 is simply a weak oestrogen in the mouse.

PMID- 681867
TI  - Separation of rat pituitary thyrotrophic cells.
AB  - A method for the enrichment of live thyrotrophic pituitary cells is described.
      Pituitary glands of young male rats were removed into Earle's solution and
      dispersed in a 0.1% trypsin solution containing 0.5% bovine serum albumin, pH
      7.2. Nylon fibres (25 microgram) were used for the separation of the thyrotrophic
      cells, by stringing them across a plastic frame which fitted a plastic Petri dish
      containing the cell suspension. The fibres were washed with light petroleum (b.p.
      60--80 degree C) and carbon tetrachloride, hydrolysed with 3 M-HCL for 30 min at
      room temperature and washed with distilled water and phosphate-buffered saline
      (pH 7.2). The fibres were treated with thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) alone
      or in the presence of soluble carbodiimide solution. After incubation for 1 h at
      room temperature, the fibres were transferred to a new Earle's medium and cells
      were released from the fibres by plucking them with a needle. The separated
      thyrotrophic cells were identified by radioimmunoassay and by electron
      microscopy. Using the above-mentioned methods, enrichment of thyrotrophic cells
      was obtained. Thus, the amounts of TSH, prolactin, LH and GH released, during 2 h
      of incubation, by 1.5 x 10(6) unseparated cells were 6.8 +/- 0.65, 4.1 +/- 0.47,
      4.8 +/- 0.52 and 5.2 +/- 0.68 microgram respectively, while the same number of
      purified thyrotrophic cells released 76.1 +/- 0.42, 1.2 +/- 0.3, 0.6 +/- 0.35 and
      1.6 +/- 0.22 microgram of the same hormones (means +/- S.E.M.).

PMID- 681868
TI  - Postovulatory levels of progestogens, oestrogens, luteinizing hormone and
      follicle-stimulating hormone in the plasma of aged golden hamsters exhibiting a
      delay in fertilization.

PMID- 681869
TI  - Gonadotrophic activity in pituitary extracts from a elasmobranch (Squalus
      acanthias L.).

PMID- 681871
TI  - Production of thromboxane B2 by intra-uterine tissues from pregnant goats in
      vitro.

PMID- 681870
TI  - Comparison of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinzing hormone secretion after
      electrical stimulation of the preoptic part of the hypothalamus in female rats
      anaesthetized with ethyl carbamate or sodium pentobarbitone.

PMID- 681872
TI  - Observations on the localization of labelled amino acid in mouse adrenal
      chromaffin cells after the injection of L-[4,5-3H] leucine.
AB  - The intracellular localization of L-[4,5-3H] leucine in chromaffin cells has been
      observed using light and electron microscopic autoradiography and the association
      of the labelled amino acid with particular cell components confirmed by
      statistical analysis. By making observations at short intervals after a single
      intravenous pulse of [3H]leucine it has been possible to follow the movement of
      the isotope from the endoplasmic reticulum through the Golgi complex to the
      chromaffin granules. No evidence for movement of the label through the Golgi
      complex was observed in adjacent cortical cells. The time sequence of transport
      of the amino acid through the various cell organelles was very similar to that
      observed by previous workers in protein-secreting exocrine cells.

PMID- 681873
TI  - Purification of human parathyroid hormone: recent studies and further
      observations.
AB  - During the isolation of human parathyroid hormone there is an extensive loss of
      immuno-assayble hormone over the successive extraction steps, due in part to the
      presence of fragments that are soluble in 4% trichloroacetic acid. These
      fragments are derived from both the amino- and carboxyl-terminal regions of the
      hormone. The hormonal fractions precipitated with trichloroacetic acid were
      further purified by gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. At the final
      ion-exchange purification step, some preparations of the hormone eluted in
      multiple fractions. When the various components were characterized separately by
      immunoassay, amino acid composition, enzymic cleavage and partial sequence
      analysis, they were found to be closely comparable, although the most acidic
      fraction contained a blocked terminal amino group. Extraction of a number of
      batches of tissue permitted revision of the amino acid composition of human
      parathyroid hormone. Biosynthetic studies with labelled amino acids confirmed the
      absence of tyrosine and the presence of phenylalanine and threonine and localized
      these residues to definite regions of the molecule.

PMID- 681874
TI  - Dose-related effects of non-steroidal antioestrogens nad oestrogens on the
      measurement of cytoplasmic oestrogen receptors in the rat and mouse uterus.
AB  - The dose-related effects of non-steroidal antioestrogens and oestrogens on the
      measurement of cytoplasmic oestrogen receptors in the rat uterus have been
      determined. The simultaneous administration of tamoxifen or monohydroxytamoxifen
      and oestradiol on three consecutive days resulted in dose-dependent decreases in
      both the wet weight of the uterus and the number of available cytoplasmic
      oestrogen receptors. The oestrogenic triphenylethylenes ICI 47 699 and ICI 3188
      both produced dose-dependent decreases in the number of available cytoplasmic
      oestrogen receptors. Increasing doses of ICI 47 699 resulted in increasing
      concentrations of oestrogen receptors within the nucleus. The effects of
      tamoxifen and oestradiol-17 beta were compared in the ovariectomized mouse;
      replenishment of uterine oestrogen receptors was less evident in tamoxifen
      treated animals than in animals receiving oestradiol, although increases in
      uterine weight were similar. A single large dose of tamoxifen (50 microgram)
      produced a prolonged depletion of cytoplasmic oestrogen receptors whilst
      stimulating rises in uterine weight and DNA and protein content. The results
      demonstrate that the depletion of the uterine cytoplasmic oestrogen receptor pool
      is a function of the dose administered for any compound with the ability to
      translocate oestrogen receptors to the nucleus and as such is not an exclusive
      characteristic of non-steroidal antioestrogens.

PMID- 681875
TI  - A rapid simplified bioassay for somatomedin.
AB  - A simplified, more rapid bioassay for the estimation of somatomedin activity,
      based on the porcine costal cartilage bioassay, is described. A micro-scale
      system based on the porcine costal cartilage assay is also described. These assay
      systems showed no decrease in sensitivity or precision, compared with other
      methods, as a result of the modifications. The assays have been used for routine
      hospital laboratory determinations, for the estimation of somatomedin activity in
      normal adolescent children of both sexes and in clinical studies of scoliotic,
      acromegalic and hypopituitary patients.

PMID- 681876
TI  - Three genes for lupus nephritis in NZB x NZW mice.
AB  - The occurrence of early severe lupus nephritis in (NZB x NZW)F1 mice must depend
      on the action of at least two dominant or codominant genes (at least one gene
      from each parent) as neither of the inbred parental strains shows the disorder.
      Identifying affected animals by antemortem determinations of renal function, we
      have studied the incidence of the renal disease in 230 (NZB x NZW) x NZW
      backcross mice (an earlier study) and, in this study, in 150 (NZB x NZW) x NZB
      backcross mice. The data indicate that the NZB strain contributes only one gene
      and the NZW strain contributes two genes, or clusters of closely linked genes, to
      the renal disorder of the F1 hybrid. One of the NZW genes was found to be linked
      to the H-2 complex. All three genes must be dominant or codominant, as their
      effect is expressed in the heterozygous state.

PMID- 681877
TI  - Human immune responses to hapten-conjugated cells. I. Primary and secondary
      proliferative responses in vitro.
AB  - An in vitro model was developed to study both primary and secondary proliferative
      responses of human lymphocytes to hapten-conjugated peripheral blood mononuclear
      cells. Coculture of human lymphocytes with autologous trinitrophenyl (TNP)
      conjugated stimulator cells resulted in primary proliferative responses. Subjects
      segregated into high and low primary responders with mean stimulation indices of
      11 and 2.1, respectively. Restimulation of primed cells from high responder
      subjects 3 wk after initial sensitization generated secondary proliferative
      responses. To investigate the antigenic requirements for secondary stimulation,
      autologous TNP-conjugate primed responders were restimulated with both autologous
      and allogeneic TNP-conjugated stimulators. In all experiments restimulation with
      autologous conjugated cells yielded substantially greater proliferative responses
      than with allogeneic conjugates. Experiments were then performed to ascertain
      whether HLA determinant homology between primed responder and stimulator cells
      influenced the level of secondary responsiveness. Homology for HLA-A and B locus
      serologic determinants was not associated with enhanced responsiveness. In
      contrast, D region determinant homology, detected by B-cell antigen typing,
      showed a highly significant positive correlation with the magnitude of secondary
      responses. The data thus strongly suggest that for secondary proliferative
      responses to TNP, human T cells recognize hapten in association with HLA-D region
      determinants.

PMID- 681879
TI  - The human complement system in thrombin-mediated platelet function.
AB  - Thrombin-mediated platelet membrane-specific uptake of C3 and C5 was demonstrated
      by radiolabeled components and was visualized electron microscopically utilizing
      a ferritin marker conjugated to monospecific antibody to each component. The role
      of complement in thrombin-induced platelet function was determined. Though
      complement was not essential for thrombin-induced platelet aggregation and
      release of serotonin, these activities were significantly increased if complement
      was present. The release of serotonin was found to be a nonlytic process because
      under the conditions employed, no lactic dehydrogenase was released. The
      activation of complement was induced by a mechanism which has not been previously
      described. Thrombin associated with the platelet membrane presumably formed a C3
      convertase that entered the known complement sequence at the C3 stage and
      proceeded to activate the terminal components through the known sequence to C9.

PMID- 681878
TI  - Interaction of glucocorticoids with macrophages. Identification of glucocorticoid
      receptors in monocytes and macrophages.
AB  - Glucocorticoid binding was measured in resident and thioglycollate-elicited mouse
      peritoneal macrophages, rabbit alveolar macrophages, and human monocytes. Two
      assays of binding were used--an assay with intact cells in suspension or
      monolayers, and an assay of cytosol and nuclear forms of glucocorticoid
      receptors. The mononuclear phagocytes contained approximately equal to 4--10 X
      10(3) high affinity receptor sites per cell, with dissociation constants of
      approximately equal to 2--8 nM dexamethasone. The binding to the saturable sites
      was specific for steroids with glucocorticoid or antiglucocorticoid activity.
      Cortisol, corticosterone, and progesterone competed with dexamethasone for
      binding, whereas estradiol, dihydrotestosterone, and 11-epicortisol competed very
      little. Binding of dexamethasone to cytosol and nuclear forms of the receptor
      complex and temperature-sensitive translocation of cytosol forms to nuclear forms
      were shown. At 37 degrees C the predominant form of the hormone-receptor complex
      was nuclear. These results demonstrate that corticosteroids interact with
      macrophages at physiological concentrations.

PMID- 681881
TI  - The determination of total bilirubin with the Du Pont ACA with respect to
      neonatal sera.
AB  - The interference of hemoglobin in the determination of total bilirubin with the
      Du Pont ACA was studied. The method seemed of limited value in our opinion
      especially with respect to neonatal sera. By changing the wave-length setting a
      rather broad plateau was found when the hemoglobin concentration was plotted
      against the actual bilirubin concentration. On the basis of these findings a new
      calibration graph was constructed and programmed into the ACA. The new method
      correlates well with two other micro bilirubin techniques.

PMID- 681880
TI  - Secretory component of epithelial cells is a surface receptor for polymeric
      immunoglobulins.
AB  - Epithelial cells of human fetal intestines and of a colonic carcinoma cell line
      (HT-29) exhibited intracellular and surface binding of polymeric immunoglobulins
      of IgA and IgM classes; monomeric IgA and IgG did not bind to these cells.
      Secretory component was identified as the receptor involved in the immunoglobulin
      binding. This conclusion was confirmed by the following experiments: trypsin
      abrogated the surface binding of polymeric immunoglobulin, reappearance of
      surface secretory component (SC) restored immunoglobulin binding; the appearance
      of SC in developing fetal tissues coincided with their potential to bind
      polymeric immunoglobulin; anti-SC reagents inhibited the binding of
      immunoglobulins to epithelial cells; and SC-containing secretory IgA did not bind
      to the surface of HT-29 cells.

PMID- 681882
TI  - [Laboratory findings in cerebrospinal fluid in relation to age: trivariate
      evaluation of albumin and immunoglobulin G concentrations (author's transl)].
AB  - In cerebrospinal fluid from controls ("non-diseased probands", n = 326) the
      following variables were determined: albumin and immunoglobulin G (by
      immunodiffusion) and total protein. Total protein rose parallel with the age of
      the subjects (r = 0.319); the albumin fractions (r = 0.126) and immunoglobulin G
      (r = 0.144) also correlated with age. The concentrations of albumin and
      immunoglobulin G were correlated even more closely (r = 0.589), leading to a
      particularly slender form of the elliptic bivariate normal range. The correlation
      of the variables albumin and immunoglobulin G with each other and with age was
      drawn upon as additional information, in order to discriminate between laboratory
      findings from diseased and from non-diseased subjects: a trivariate area of
      reference ("trivariate normal range") was calculated, which avoided errors of the
      second kind (diseased values not recognized) more powerfully than the usual one
      dimensional ranges (x +/- 2s or percentile).

PMID- 681883
TI  - [A routine method for the investigation of the oxygen affinity of haemoglobin
      (author's transl)].
AB  - A method is described for the measurement of the half saturation pressure (p50)
      and the "standardised O2-saturation", as an index of the oxygen affinity of
      haemoglobin. In addition to the normal blood gas analysis, the only other
      parameter required is the O2-saturation after equilibration of the blood at pO2 =
      31 mm Hg (4.72 kPa). The results are read from a specially prepared nomogram.
      Potential uses and limitations of the method are discussed.

PMID- 681884
TI  - [Recommendations of the German Society for Clinical Chemistry. Performance of
      clinical-chemical tests on pharmaceuticals (revised version 1978) (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 681885
TI  - A biomechanical invariant for gait perception.
AB  - Viewers can determine the gender of a walker from sagitally projected, dynamic
      displays of point-lights attached to prominent joints. This article explores
      three interrelated approaches in search of a biomechanical invariant that viewers
      might use. The first, an index of torso structure, accounts for the data
      handsomely but seems inappropriate because it is not directly revealed in the
      dynamic stimuli. The second, a dynamic index of visible torsion in the trunk of a
      walker, also fits the data well but seems to have a logical problem and a
      difficulty in accounting for performance in certain conditions of several
      previous studies. The third has the strengths of the first two indices, and it
      can account for some other data as well. It is the center of moment and is a
      "deeper", more general description of the invariant. This center is a point
      around which all movement occurs. It can be thought of as one specification of
      the gestalt law of common fate and may be helpful for the study of movement
      perception in general.

PMID- 681886
TI  - Facial motion in the perception of faces and of emotional expression.

PMID- 681887
TI  - Auditory streaming is cumulative.
AB  - The auditory system appears to begin listening to an input with a basis toward
      hearing the input as a single stream, but it gradually accumulates evidence over
      a period of seconds which may lead to the input's being split into substreams.
      Several seconds of silence or of unpatterned noise slowly remove the bias of the
      mechanism in favor of these streams. The effects were demonstrated in experiments
      in which young adult listeners sped up sequences of tones until they split. The
      sequences varied in the number of tones packaged between recurrent "separators"
      (periods of silence or of white noise) and in the lengths of these separators.

PMID- 681888
TI  - Organizational factors in perceived dimensionality.
AB  - The hypothesis that perceived dimensionality of projection drawings is influenced
      by perceived organization was tested in two experiments. Organization was biased
      by coloration: The drawings were (a) uncolored, (b) colored in ways that
      emphasized plausible three-dimensional parts of the represented objects, or (c)
      colored in ways that emphasized two-dimensional (2D) parts of the drawings
      themselves. In Experiment 1, subjective ratings of three-dimensionality (3D) were
      greater for the 3D-biased stimuli than for the unbiased stimuli, and ratings for
      the 2D-biased stimuli were lower than for the unbiased stimuli. Similar results
      were obtained in Experiment 2 in which latencies to perceive the drawings three
      dimensionally were measured. The 3D-biased stimuli were seen in depth more
      quickly than the unbiased stimuli, and the 2D-biased stimuli were seen in depth
      more slowly than the unbiased stimuli. Additional results on the relation between
      ratings and latencies suggest that latencies are affected more strongly by object
      complexity than are ratings.

PMID- 681889
TI  - Quantification of three-dimensional structures.
AB  - A mathematical model, based on additive subcomponents of grouping, subitizing and
      adding, was derived to account for quantification latencies of three-dimensional
      block arrangements. Subitizing is the process that people use to directly
      quantify a small number of objects without counting. It was found that most
      people consistently subitized up to four blocks. With more than four blocks,
      people resorted to grouping and adding, and the model was able to account for
      these data. The structural variables of compactness, symmetry, linearity, and
      planarity were shown to have small effects on quantification latencies relative
      to the large effect of number of blocks. Of these structural variables,
      compactness had the largest effect, and in terms of the model, it is suggested
      that visual structure had its effect on the perceptual grouping subcomponent.

PMID- 681890
TI  - Multidimensional same--different judgments: evidence against independent
      comparisons of dimensions.
AB  - Commonly discussed models of performance in the multidimensional same-different
      task are based on the assumption that independent same-different decisions are
      reached for each of the stimulus dimensions used in an experiment. In these
      models, a higher level mechanism examines th outcome of these independent
      decisions in order to determine whether the stimuli are the same or different
      overall. Previous evidence indicating that these models are inconsistent with
      results from same trials is summarized, and a new test of the above assumption
      using data from different trials is proposed. Detailed analysis of reaction times
      from different trials is shown, at least for some pairs of dimensions, to be
      incompatible with the view that separate same-different decisions are reached for
      each dimension. The major finding is that there are more relatively fast
      responses in a condition with two dimensions different, compared with the two
      conditions with only one of the dimensions different, than any processing model
      treating the dimensions separately could predict. The results suggest that
      partial information may be combined across dimensions in order to reach a
      "different" judgment.

PMID- 681891
TI  - Reaction times and evoked potentials as indicators of hemispheric differences for
      laterally presented name and physical matches.
AB  - Letter pairs, which could be name matches, physical matches, or mismatches, were
      presented at fixation or 2.5 degrees left or right of fixation. During different
      experimental sessions, the locations and the types of matches were fixed (and
      therefore known in advance by the subject) or were randomized. Right visual field
      superiority in reaction time occurred for name matches only when location was
      randomized, and then the extent of the superiority depended on whether the types
      of match called for were predictable. Evoked potentials to the letter pairs
      during this task revealed hemispheric and neural pathway differences that were
      independent of expectancy condition. Right hemisphere responses were larger than
      left. For some components, amplitudes were smaller and latencies were shorter for
      direct than for indirect projection of stimuli to each cerebral hemisphere.
      Indirect-direct differences in P300 amplitude varied for each cerebral hemisphere
      according to whether a physical or name match occurred. The P130 and N170
      components manifested hemispheric differences that depended on whether the two
      letters of a pair were in the same or different cases.

PMID- 681892
TI  - Response bias in category and magnitude estimation of difference and similarity
      for loudness and pitch.
AB  - Interval scales of sensory magnitude were derived from magnitude and category
      estimates of loudness differences, loudness similarities, pitch differences, and
      pitch similarities. In each of the four loudness experiments, a loudness scale
      was constructed from a nonmetric analysis of the rank order of the judgments. The
      four loudness scales so constructed were found to be equivalent to one another
      and indicated that loudness was a power function of sound pressure with an
      exponent of .29. A similar analysis for the four pitch experiments found the
      pitch scales derived in each case to be equivalent to one another and linear with
      the mel scale of pitch. Thus the same sensory and similarities for two distinct
      perceptual continua. For both pitch and loudness, these sensory scales were used
      to generate scales of sensory differences. A comparison of the category and
      magnitude estimates of sensory differences with the scale of sensory differences
      derived from the nonmetric analyses indicated the presence of significant
      response biases in both category and magnitude estimation procedures.

PMID- 681893
TI  - How many family physicians are needed?

PMID- 681894
TI  - Outcome of acute care.

PMID- 681895
TI  - Peptic ulcer disease in children: report of a case and a problem-oriented review.
AB  - The family physician who sees many children with vague abdominal pain must
      include peptic ulcer disease in the differential diagnosis. A case report is
      presented and the characteristics of primary and secondary ulcers in children are
      reviewed with respect to symptoms, signs, diagnosis, and treatment. Ulcers in
      children may be primary or secondary (stress) ulcers. Clinical and radiographic
      diagnosis is difficult. Medical therapy suffices in most cases, but there is a
      high recurrence rate in adolescence and adulthood. Peptic ulcer disease in
      children is a diagnostic dilemma, but the family physician may be in an excellent
      position to make the diagnosis since he/she is often the first physician to see
      the patient and is aware of altered family dynamics, which may play a role in
      this disease.

PMID- 681896
TI  - A case control survey and dysmenorrhea in a family practice population: a
      proposed disability index.
AB  - Dysmenorrhea, though rarely coded as a diagnosis in the records of family
      physicians, is a common problem in their female patients. Responses to a
      questionnaire indicated that at least 50 percent of women experience menstrual
      pain at one time with a minimum of 29 percent experiencing pain in any two-month
      period. The average duration of pain was greater than one day. A disability index
      was developed which revealed that half the women were Grade 3, or severely
      disabled. This study suggests that menstrual pain is a common problem in family
      practice and clearly ranks as a major cause of temporary disability in women
      patients.

PMID- 681897
TI  - Depression in primary care: changes in pattern of patient visits and complaints
      during a developing depression.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to characterize changes in patient behavior
      associated with a developing depression. The records of 154 depressed patients
      from a solo family practice were examined for type and number of complaints,
      number of visits, and amount of hospitalization during two periods of time. In
      addition, 154 patients were used as controls and matched to the depressive
      patients by age, sex, and season of year seen. Two similar time periods were
      examined in the controls. The depressed group in comparisons both with itself and
      with the control group showed, in the seven months prior to the diagnosis of
      depression, these changes: (1) increase in number of patient-initiated office and
      home visits; (2) increased incidence of hospitalization; and (3) increased number
      of presenting complaints of three types: ill-defined "functional" complaints;
      pain of undetermined etiology in a wide variety of sites: head, chest, abdomen,
      and extremities; and "nervous" complaints, mainly increased tension and feelings
      of anxiety. The study results indicate that increased number of office visits and
      "functional" somatic complaints or anxiety-tension feelings should suggest
      depression.

PMID- 681898
TI  - Group therapy in family medicine. Part 3: starting the group.
AB  - This paper is the third in a four-part series and in it some issues and
      techniques pertaining to the pregroup screening interview are discussed as well
      as the initial meeting of a therapy group in a family practice setting. The
      screening interview enables patient and group therapists to decide whether or not
      the patient might benefit from group therapy. Topics covered in such an interview
      are discussed. Some ways of beginning and of ending the first session are
      described.

PMID- 681899
TI  - Ambulatory family practice experience as the primary and integrating clinical
      concept in a four-year undergraduate curriculum.
AB  - The Upper Peninsula Medical Education Program seeks to graduate primary care
      physicians who will practice in rural, underserved areas. The program has a
      unique curriculum that involves four years away from Michigan State University's
      main campus and is based on ambulatory outpatient experience in a family practice
      model office. All basic and clinical sciences are learned in this setting. Novel
      ways of organizing faculty and student time help facilitate this plan. A thorough
      evaluation system helps monitor student progress. Preliminary results are
      promising indications that the program is meeting its goals.

PMID- 681900
TI  - Integrated residency training in family medicine and general practice dentistry.
AB  - General practice dental training and family practice medical training can be
      combined into one effective integrated program. This combination benefits the
      patients in a family practice model unit, enhances family practice resident
      education, and will ultimately benefit patient care delivery. This paper
      describes the experience of such an integrated program which is now well
      established.

PMID- 681901
TI  - Determinants of physician recognition and follow-up of abnormal laboratory
      values.
AB  - Potential determinants of physician recognition and follow-up of abnormal
      laboratory values were studied in the ambulatory primary care setting. Data
      support the hypothesis that a significant positive association exists between the
      clinical importance of a laboratory result and physician response. Clinical
      importance was indicated by degree of abnormality of the laboratory value, the
      type of test, and the indication for obtaining the test. Response was not
      significantly associated with type of laboratory report or resident's year of
      training, but a relationship was shown with resident's National Board scores. A
      model of 12 laboratory tests was found to be more appropriate for studying
      recognition and follow-up than one of 30 because of fewer repetitious tests and
      fewer results of doubtful clinical usefulness. With such a select model,
      recognition and follow-up of abnormals can be used as process measures of quality
      of medical care.

PMID- 681902
TI  - Hemoptysis.
AB  - Hemoptysis is an alarming symptom that should not be dismissed lightly. A
      thorough evaluation will lead to the correct diagnosis in 80 to 90 percent of
      cases. Surgery is occasionally necessary where life-threatening hemorrhage is
      present but, more commonly, appropriate therapy can only be determined when the
      etiology is discovered, thus mandating a careful, thorough diagnostic search.

PMID- 681903
TI  - The dynamics of incest: presentation of one family in acute crisis.

PMID- 681904
TI  - A family practice course for first year medical students.

PMID- 681906
TI  - The physician as a person.

PMID- 681905
TI  - Scarlet fever presenting with jaundice.

PMID- 681907
TI  - Home visiting: more or less?

PMID- 681908
TI  - Electron microscopic observation on sperm penetration and pronuclear formation in
      the fish egg.
AB  - Unfertilized eggs of the medaka, Oryzias latipes were inseminated after being
      mechanically freed from the chorion. In the first step of penetration, as soon as
      it reached the vitelline surface, the whole spermatozoon was quickly enclosed by
      ooplasmic protrusions (fertilization cone) of the vitelline surface. In the
      second step, the egg plasma membrane fused with various regions of the plasma
      membrane of the enclosed spermatozoon; finally the sperm flagellum was also
      incorporated into the ooplasm. Initial disappearance of the nuclear envelope of
      the sperm with vesiculation at the apical region of the head is followed by
      dispersal of the sperm chromatin. The nuclear envelope is then reformed by fusion
      of elongated or flattened vesicles along the margin of dispersing nuclear
      chromatin. The mature male pronucleus has a large nucleolus within a wrinkled
      envelope. It seems that the fertilization process in this fish involves some
      features of that occurring in the marine invertebrate and the mammalian eggs.

PMID- 681909
TI  - The possible influence of temporal factors in androgenic responsiveness of
      urogenital tissue recombinants from wild-type and androgen-insensitive (Tfm)
      mice.
AB  - Tissue recombinants of epithelium and stroma from embryonic and neonatal
      urogenital rudiments derived from wild-type and feminized (Tfm/Y) mice sere grown
      as grafts in intact male hosts and analyzed morphologically for androgenic
      response. When mesenchyme of embryonic wild-type urogenital sinus (UGS) was
      associated with epithelium from embryonic wild-type bladder (B), the epithelium
      developed into glandular structures resembling prostate. In the reciprocal
      recombinant (B mesenchyme + UGS epithelium) the response was mixed, half of the
      recombinants exhibited bladder morphology and half exhibited prostatic-like
      morphology. Vaginal-like histogenesis occurred in UGS recombinants of androgen
      insensitive Tfm/Y mesenchyme and wild-type epithelium, while prostatic morphology
      developed in reciprocal recombinants of wild-type mesenchyme and Tfm/Y
      epithelium. These observations demonstrate (1) that the presence of wild-type
      mesenchyme appears essential for expression of androgen-dependent morphogenesis
      during embryonic periods; and (2) that Tfm/Y epithelium is capable of
      participating in an androgenic response. Conversely, in similar recombinants
      prepared with neonatal tissues, the presence of wild-type urogenital stroma may
      not be required for expression of certain androgen-dependent phenomena since
      maintenance of the height and cytodifferentiation of ductus deferens epithelium
      occurs even when this epithelium is associated with Tfm/Y urogenital stroma. It
      appears, therefore, that the requirement of urogenital epithelium for wild-type
      (androgen sensitive) stroma may vary temporally.

PMID- 681910
TI  - Atrophy of a breast muscle with a single fibre type (M. pectoralis) in fasting
      willow grouse, Lagopus lagopus (L.).
AB  - The willow grouse (Lagopus lagopus) are arctic gallinaceous birds with small fat
      stores and large muscles. In winter, these birds may starve for periods of
      several days. It was important to know which energy reserves were utlized during
      periods of starvation. Body composition of female willow grouse and Bantam hens
      was studied before and after fasting. Grouse have much larger breast muscles than
      do Bantams, but reproductive organs are larger in hens. The relative amounts of
      adipose tissue are about equal in grouse and Bantams. When the birds had lost
      about 20% of their initial body weight due to fasting, Bantams had lost as much
      weight from their reproductive organs as from the adipose tissue, with little
      loss from the muscles. Grouse lost more weight from the pectoralis muscles alone
      than from the adipose tissue. Since the major component of muscle is protein, the
      grouse obtain a larger proportion of acloric needs during fasting from protein
      than do the Bantams. Grouse breast muscles are dark red, and the pectoralis
      consists homogeneously of type IIa (oxidative-glycolytic) fibres, assessed by
      ATPase and by Sudan Black staining. The supracoracoideus muscle has type II
      fibres, not resolvable in subtypes. The leg muscle biceps femoris contains the
      three fibre types I, IIa, and IIb. During fasting, the weight loss of the
      pectoralis muscle may be accounted for by all fibres losing some material.

PMID- 681911
TI  - Chimaera studies of the origin and formation of the pectoral musculature of the
      avian embryo.
AB  - Cervical, brachial, and thoracic somites and brachial somatopleure were
      transplanted from quail into 2-day chick embryos to determine their contribution
      to the formation of the pectoralis major muscle. The results show that the
      musculature of the pectoralis major and pectoralis minor is derived entirely from
      brachial somites (16-20) while the brachial somatopleure provides much of the
      connective tissue of these muscles. Migration of somitic cells into the
      somatopleure appears to begin before the somites are fully formed. The primordium
      of the pectoralis muscle forms at the base of the wing bud and extends ventro
      caudally into the thoracic area to attach to the sternum.

PMID- 681912
TI  - Enhanced identification of lethal yellow (Ay/Ay) mouse embryos by means of
      delayed development of four-cell stages.
AB  - At present, experimental studies on the primary genetic lesion in Ay/Ay embryos
      are restricted by the absence of techniques designed to identify Ay homozygotes
      prior to the onset of secondary defects. This paper describes a methodology to
      enrich the yields of Ay homozygotes in experimental populations by taking
      advantage of an early homozygous Ay expression-lagging development in 4-cell
      embryos.

PMID- 681913
TI  - Differential activation of hepatitis B DNA polymerase by detergent and salt.
AB  - Three patterns of activity were evident when the differential activation of the
      DNA polymerase associated with serum Dane particles by nonionic detergent and
      salt was investigated. The patterns were obtained by plotting the increase in
      enzyme activity mediated by the detergent Nonidet P-40 (NP-40) in increasing
      concentrations of KCl compared to the activity observed in the absence of
      detergent. The pattern of differential activity of hepatitis B (HB) DNA
      polymerase in detergent and salt was altered by subjecting the HBAg preparations
      to shearing forces. Hepatitis B DNA polymerase activity was stable even in NP-40
      concentrations as high as 10%. In addition to hepatitis B DNA polymerase, DNA
      polymerase activated by calf thymus DNA was found in pellets containing Dane
      particles. The latter DNA polymerase activity was also activated by NP-40 and was
      not decreased by DNAse; this DNA polymerase coprecipitated with hepatitis B
      antigen (HBAg) upon addition of anti-HBs. However, the DNA polymerase activated
      by calf thymus DNA was inhibited by 0.4 M KCl. Electron microscopic observations
      of serum Dane particles in 0.4 M KCl showed no alterations of morphology of these
      particles when compared to particles in low-salt buffer. The data indicated that
      KCl activated HB DNA polymerase by a different mechanism from that of shear or NP
      40, which removed the surface antigen coat from the Dane particles.

PMID- 681914
TI  - Coping and defense in relation to accommodation among a sample of blind men.
AB  - The relation of 26  measures of ego functioning, as assessed by the responses of
      101 blind men to the California Psychological Inventory, to employment status and
      travel freedom were examined. Previous research findings and methodology and the
      need to control for intervening variables were discussed. The accommodation of
      blindness was characterized by greater cognitive and intellectual articulation,
      the absence of intraceptive rigidity, and the flexible regulation of affect and
      impulse. While this pattern held true for those subjects born partially sighted
      and those acquiring total and partial blindness, no differences emerged for
      subject born totally or partially blind. Support was found for the construct
      validity of the ego measures, as well as Haan's proposition of complementary
      pairing of ego functions. On the basis of these results specific recommendations
      were made regarding the administration of the scales and counseling among the
      blind.

PMID- 681915
TI  - Alcoholic MMPI subtypes. Relationship to drinking styles, benefits, and
      consequences.
AB  - The present study was designed, first, to attempt to replicate the previously
      derived Goldstein and Linden Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
      alcoholic personality subtypes, and second, to relate these personality patterns
      to a multidimensional measure of alcohol usage. Two of the previously obtained
      profile types were replicated through two independent cluster analytic
      procedures. These subtypes were defined as psychopathic and neurotic-depressive,
      respectively. Higher levels of drinking-related impairment were associated with
      anxiety and depression, while lower levels of impairment were related to
      psychopathic features among patients hospitalized primarily for alcoholism.
      However, relatively heterogeneous, distinctive configurations of reported
      drinking benefits, styles, and consequences were found across the Goldstein
      Linden subtypes. Methodological factors potentially contributing to the failure
      to replicate two of the previously derived subtypes were discussed. The potential
      therapeutic utility of a multivariate classification of personality functioning
      and the use of a multidimensional assessment of alcohol usage within alcoholic
      populations was also discussed.

PMID- 681916
TI  - The frequency and persistence of depressive symptoms in the alcohol abuser.
AB  - A survey of 61 outpatients admitted to a mental health center for the treatment
      of alcoholism determined that a majority of them (59 per cent) were clinically
      depressed. The depressive symptoms were rarely treated with anti-depressant
      agents and, at 1-year follow-up, were found to persist even though the patients
      had attended the standard treatment program for alcoholics. There is need for new
      treatment strategies that recognize the diagnostic heterogeneity of the alcoholic
      and that consider the use of appropriate psychopharmacological agents.

PMID- 681917
TI  - Toward a rationale for the seclusion process.
AB  - The present paper summarizes three studies focusing on different aspects of
      seclusion room practices. The first study involved chart review to collect
      empirical data on reasons for seclusion, length of seclusion, and characteristics
      of secluded patients. The second study focused on staff attitudes toward
      seclusion; the third dealt with the attitudes of both secluded and nonsecluded
      patients. The average time of seclusion was approximately 4 hours and in most
      cases aggressive behaviors of various types were cited as the precipitating
      event. In addition, patient and staff attitudes implied that a major function of
      the seclusion process was to isolate patients from disturbing interactions and to
      maintain the smooth functioning of the ward minisociety. Two models of seclusion,
      an ethological model and a behavioristic "time out" model, were developed in
      order to integrate the results of these studies. Implications of the findings and
      models are presented for changes in seclusion room procedures.

PMID- 681918
TI  - Visual conversion reaction in children and adults.

PMID- 681919
TI  - Referral of patients from primary care physicians to a community mental health
      center.
AB  - The referral process between primary care physicians and a community mental
      health center was examined in a community which lacks a geographically based
      psychiatrist. The method included inspection of referral completion rate and
      evaluation or patients' characteristics and attitudes concerning mental health
      care. The findings indicated that only 10 per cent of referred patients who have
      had no prior contact with the community mental health center completed the
      referral. Reasons for this low referral completion rate are discussed.

PMID- 681920
TI  - Clinical assessment: use of nonphysician interviewers.

PMID- 681921
TI  - Catatonia associated with disulfiram therapy.
AB  - This is the first report of a catatonic syndrome occurring in a patient receiving
      disulfiram treatment. A causal relationship is strongly suggested by the mode of
      onset, the absence of a previous history of catatonia, and the rapid resolution
      of the syndrome within 72 hours of discontinuance of the disulfiram therapy.
      Neurophysiological mechanisms which aid in elucidating the role of disulfiram in
      the etiology of catatonia are discussed. It is important that physicians be
      alerted to this serious, potentially lethal, complication, as it is readily
      reversible if the disulfiram is discontinued and appropriate supportive measures
      are taken. Also, it appears that these patients may be more susceptible to
      complications with future disulfiram usage and should be strongly counseled to
      seek alternative therapies for their alcohol problems in the future.

PMID- 681922
TI  - The influence of taipoxin on cholinergic synapses in the electric organ of
      Torpedo marmorata.
AB  - The influences of the snake venom taipoxin on the cholinergic synapses of the
      electric organ of Torpedo mamorata were investigated. 1. In ultrathin sections
      presynaptic membrane indentations are noted under the influence of taipoxin/NaCl.
      2. The presynaptic membranes often show small interruptions. 3. In
      taipoxin/horseradish peroxidase incubated organ pieces typical omega-shaped
      indentations are found, but on the postsynaptic side. 4. The vesicle density
      decreased under the influence of the taipoxin in contrast untreated cholinergic
      synapses. 5. In freeze etched preparations no membrane indentations and
      interruptions are observed, but only a small vesicle density was seen.

PMID- 681923
TI  - Location by paper chromatography of compensatory ovarian hypertrophy (COH)
      inhibiting activity in acetic acid extracts from bovine pineals.
AB  - Acetic acid extracts of bovine pineals and cerebral cortex were separated on
      Sephadex G-25 columns. Subsequently two low molecular weight fractions, F2 and
      F3, were ultrafiltered through the membranes UM2 and UM05. The UM05 residues were
      gel filtered on Sephadex G-15 columns or chromatographed on Dowex W50-X4 columns.
      Fractions from these columns were tested and those which showed COH-inhibiting
      activity were separated by preparative paper chromatography in different
      solvents. The absorption spectra of those fractions were recorded and tested for
      COH-inhibiting activity were separated by preparative paper chromatography in
      different solvents. The absorption spectra of those fractions were recorded and
      tested for COH-inhibition. By these methods, a COH-inhibitor was localized in
      three different solvents. Some active paper chromatography fractions were studied
      in high pressure, reverse phase, liquid chromatography. This latter method showed
      that the active fractions obtained by paper chromatography contain several
      orthophthlaldehyde (OPT) positive compounds. Key words: acetic acid, bovine
      pineal extracts, compensatory ovarian hypertrophy (COH), paper chromatography,
      high pressure, reverse phase, liquid chromatography.

PMID- 681924
TI  - Hypothermic decrease in microtubule density and birefringence in unimyelinated
      axons.
AB  - The density of microtubules, T.D. (number of tubules/unit area) is highest in
      small crab nerve axons. After cooling of the nerve at 0 degrees C, the tubule
      density tends to zero (T.D. 2% of the normothermic value). Once the cooled nerves
      are returned in normothermia, the reconstitution of the microtubules is evidenced
      (T.D. =  90% of the initial normothermic value). Therefore cooling
      "depolymerizes" the tubules, whereas rewarming leads to their "repolymerization."
      These results definitely improve the interpretation of the birefringence decrease
      by cooling: as tubules and filaments contribute to the positive fraction of the
      total positive birefringence, their depolymerization by cooling explains to a
      large extent the decrease in total birefringence.

PMID- 681925
TI  - Postsynaptic potentials in pacemaker cells: a correlation of behavior in command
      cells of an electric fish.
AB  - Intracellular recordings were made from pacemaker-command cells of the electric
      organ discharge (EOD) of the weakly electric fish Eigenmannia virescens. The fish
      was immobilized with gallamine triethiodide (Flaxedil) which silenced the EOD. A
      simulated EOD of this fish (ca. 300 Hz) and a sine wave simulating a neighbor, a
      few Hz higher (+deltaF) or lower (-deltaF) were introduced into the bath to
      elicit the "jamming avoidance response" (JAR), monitored through the pacemaker
      potential. We observed that accompanying the JAR there is a minute
      hyperpolarizing postsynaptic potential (hpsp) superimposed on the pacemaker
      potential. A shift in the phase of the hpsp occurs with a change in the sign of
      deltaF, and therefore of the JAR. Assuming that the behaviorally correlated hpsp
      is inhibitory, it suggests that mutual inhibition may play a role in regulating
      the synchronous firing frequency of command neurons, which are electrically
      coupled with one-another. Scheich and Bullock (1974) proposed a neuronal scheme
      for the JAR in which they suggest that two systems (P and T) operate together in
      the nervous system. The T system affects the pacemaker cells at a precise,
      variable phase of the pacemaker cycle. Although the present results indeed reveal
      a shift in the hpsp with a change in the sign of deltaF, the actual significance
      of this shift remains to be evaluated. The unexpected direction of the shift
      suggests either that the hpsp is excitatory at the phases when it occurs, or that
      effectiveness of inhibition decreases at later phases in this case instead of
      increasing as in other cases, or that the hpsp opposes the JAR. The parallel P
      system is probably more important in explaining the JAR, acting by a DC level
      control rather than a phase control.

PMID- 681926
TI  - Feeding motor program in Limax. I. Neuromuscular correlates and control by
      chemosensory input.
AB  - The feeding motor program(FMP) of the terrestrial slug Limax maximus was examined
      in vivo and in vitro. The feeding pattern of intact animals shows an initial
      increase in bite frequency followed by a plateau phase. Recordings obtained from
      semi-intact preparations of the lips, brain, and buccal mass established the
      correlation of activity in buccal ganglion nerve roots with the protraction
      retraction bite cycle. A preparation of the lips, cerebral ganglia, and buccal
      ganglia was developed, such that, repetitive chemostimulation of the lips yields
      reproducible bouts of FMP. Sources of proprioceptive feedback from buccal muscles
      were demonstrated. The feasibility of computer scoring of the FMP is documented.
      The results demonstrate that aspects of in vivo feeding behavior are retained and
      identifiable in highly dissected, in vivo preparations.

PMID- 681927
TI  - Developmental abnormalities of identifiable neurons in the crayfish Procambarus
      simulans.
AB  - We report anomalies of lateral giant neurons in field-caught animals. In one
      case, both lateral giant neurons arising from the fifth abdominal ganglion did
      not terminate in the next-most anterior ganglion, but rather continued to the
      third abdominal ganglion. In another case, an additional large neuron arising in
      the fifth abdominal ganglion coursed in a posterior direction. All othe CNS
      structures appeared normal in animals having either anomaly.

PMID- 681928
TI  - Serial synapses in Aplysia.
AB  - Serial synapses occur between small profiles in the neuropil of Aplysia abdominal
      ganglion. Material was fixed in phosphate buffered OsO4, embedded in epon, and
      sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. A class of synapses
      had the following characteristics: (1) synaptic vesicles clustered against the
      presynaptic membrane, (2) a widened extracellular space of about 20 nm containing
      electron-dense material, (3) straightening of the pre- and postsynaptic
      membranes, and (4) no postsynaptic membrane specialization. Some density between
      the presynaptic membrane and the adjacent synaptic vesicles was occasionally
      observed. Synapses occurred between small profiles in the neuropil (typical
      profile diameters were 1--3 micrometer). In this sample of approximately 100
      synapses, four serial synapses were identified. The serial synaptic profiles were
      all small. In addition to the finding of serial synapses, 40% of the postsynaptic
      profiles contained vesicles similar to the synaptic vesicles seen in presynaptic
      profiles. Serial synapses may be the anatomical substrate of presynaptic
      inhibition and facilitation and of dishabituation.

PMID- 681929
TI  - Acetylcholinesterase of rat sympathetic ganglion: molecular forms, localization
      and effects of denervation.

PMID- 681930
TI  - Utilization of polyunsaturated fatty acid supplements by cultured neuroblastoma
      cells.

PMID- 681931
TI  - Isolation and characterization of glucocerebrosides from adult rat brain.

PMID- 681932
TI  - Measurements of in vivo rates of protein synthesis in brain, spinal cord, heart
      and liver of young versus adult rats, intact versus hypophysectomized rats.

PMID- 681933
TI  - Increased binding of [3H] colchicine to visual cortex proteins of dark-reared
      rats on first exposure to light.

PMID- 681934
TI  - Neuronal pigments: spectroscopic characterization of human brain melanin.

PMID- 681935
TI  - Synthesis and metabolism of L-kynurenine in rat brain.

PMID- 681936
TI  - Acetylcholinesterase in the substantia nigra and caudate-putamen of the rat:
      properties and localization in dopaminergic neurons.

PMID- 681937
TI  - Protein turnover in photoreceptor cells of isolated Limulus lateral eyes.

PMID- 681938
TI  - Effect of prenatally-induced and postnatally-maintained ketosis on beta
      hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and hexokinase levels in the developing rat brain.

PMID- 681939
TI  - Specificity of reduction of fatty acids to long chain alcohols by rat brain
      microsomes.

PMID- 681940
TI  - Incorporation of lipids into subcellular fractions of brain of quaking mutant.

PMID- 681941
TI  - Transport of threonine and tryptophan by rat brain slices: relation to other
      amino acids at concentrations found in plasma.

PMID- 681942
TI  - Active uptake of [3H]5-HT by synaptic vesicles from rat brain.

PMID- 681943
TI  - RNA polymerase activity in the superior cervical ganglion of the neonatal rat:
      the effect of nerve growth factor.

PMID- 681944
TI  - Alterations in GABA metabolism and Met-enkephalin content in rat brain following
      repeated electroconvulsive shocks.

PMID- 681945
TI  - Labelling of brain proteins at early periods after subcutaneous injection of a
      mixture of [U-14C] glucose and [3H] glutamate.

PMID- 681946
TI  - Biochemical development of rat forebrains in severe protein and essential fatty
      acid deficiencies.

PMID- 681947
TI  - Solubilization of tryptophan-5-monooxygenase from the pineal glands and existance
      of an activating substance in the tissue extract.

PMID- 681948
TI  - Acyl and alk-1'-enyl group composition of ethanolamine phosphoglycerides of human
      brain.

PMID- 681949
TI  - Binding of 5-hydroxytryptamine to acidic lipids in an aqueous medium.

PMID- 681950
TI  - Multiple forms of choline acetyltransferase and the high affinity uptake of
      choline in brain of developing and adult rats.

PMID- 681951
TI  - Functional properties of neuronal and glial isoenzymes of brain enolase.

PMID- 681952
TI  - Metabolism of malonic acid in rat brain after intracerebral injection.

PMID- 681953
TI  - Subcellular localization of growth hormone release inhibiting hormone in rat
      hypothalamus, cerebral cortex, striatum and thalamus.

PMID- 681954
TI  - Neurophysiological studies of autogenous sural nerve grafts.
AB  - Sixteen autogenous sural nerve grafts used for ulnar and median injuries in the
      forearm have been studied neurophysiologically up to two and a half years after
      operation. Motor and sensory nerve conduction studies revealed a slow but
      sustained improvement during the follow-up period. By two years, motor conduction
      velocity across the graft itself reached in most cases 40 to 85% of the
      conduction velocity in the contralateral normal limb. Some reduction of motor
      conduction velocity was observed in the uninjured nerve proximal to the graft but
      this was less marked. Sensory nerve action potentials were obtained in 44% of
      nerves after 18 months although in all cases the amplitude of the potentials and
      in most cases their velocity, was greatly reduced.

PMID- 681955
TI  - Synaptic connections to individual tibialis anterior motoneurones in man.
AB  - The characteristics of post-synaptic potentials in a single human motoneurone can
      be derived from the profiles of post-stimulus time histograms (PSTH) of that
      neurone when it is firing rhythmically. We have used this method to explore the
      synaptic connections to individual tibialis anterior motoneurones in man. Agonist
      group 1 volleys produced short latency excitation of 85% of tibialis anterior
      motoneurones probably representing the 1a EPSP. Excitation, at a latency of 70
      ms, is attributed to a long loop reflex. Antagonist group 1 volleys produced
      short latency inhibition of 65% of tibialis anterior motoneurones probably
      representing the 1a IPSP. Excitation, at a latency of 97 ms, may represent spino
      bulbo-spinal reflex. None of these effects are due to the excitation of cutaneous
      afferent nerve fibres.

PMID- 681956
TI  - Abnormalities of Bell's phenomenon in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a clinical
      and electrophysiological evaluation.
AB  - A clinical and electromyographic study of oculomotor function was carried out in
      a series of 24 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In 15 cases an
      alteration of Bell's phenomenon was found. In addition, three patients showed
      some impairment of conjugate ocular motility in the form of upward gaze paly. All
      cases had preserved oculocephalic reflexes in the vertical and horizontal planes.
      On clinical and electromyographic grounds, three degrees of altered Bell's
      phenomenon are suggested: attenuated (short and unsustained upward displacement
      of the eyeballs after forced closure of the eyelids), abolished (no upward
      displacement), and inverted (downward instead of upward displacement of the
      eyes). These oculomotor alterations were not directly related to the type of ALS
      at onset of the illness, nor with its duration. However they were correlated with
      the relative degree of the clinical bilateral pyramidal tract signs at the
      supraspinal level. The common involvement of the corticogeniculate tract in ALS
      could explain the unexpectedly high incidence of alteration of Bell's phenomenon
      found in this disease, but is is non-specific and similar lesions from different
      causes may also produce it.

PMID- 681957
TI  - Histocompatibility antigens (HLA) in multiple sclerosis in Iran.
AB  - Thirty-five patients (19 male and 16 female) with clinically definite multiple
      sclerosis and 100 healthy control subjects were studied for the A and B locus of
      the HLA system. A significant increase of HLA A3 and A11 of the A locus and B7 of
      the B locus was observed in patients with multiple sclerosis compared with
      controls. An increase of antigen A3 was also observed in eight cases of probable
      multiple sclerosis. A significant increase of both A3 and B7 was observed in
      patients with multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 681958
TI  - Water intoxication in epileptic patients receiving carbamazepine.
AB  - Plasma sodium and osmolality were determined in 80 adult epileptic patients
      receiving chronic treatment with carbamazepine and in 50 control patients treated
      with other anticonvulsant drugs. Mean plasma osmolality was significantly lower
      in the carbamazepine-treated patients but mean plasma sodium did not differ in
      the two groups. Hyponatraemia was found in five of the carbamazine-treated
      patients and hypo-osmolality in six. None of the control patients had
      hyponatraemia and only one had a borderline low osmolality. Three of the 13
      patients receiving carbamazepine alone were hyponatraemic. Plasma sodium
      concentration correlated negatively with both daily carbamazepine dose and serum
      carbamazepine level. Free water clearance after an oral water load was determined
      in six patients on carbamazepine alone and in six normal subjects not receiving
      drug therapy. The capacity of some of the patients to excrete the water load was
      found to be grossly impaired.

PMID- 681959
TI  - Muscle hypertrophy after partial denervation: a human case.
AB  - While undergoing long-term physiotherapy, a 41 year old woman with a chronic S1
      radiculopathy developed progressive, painless enlargement of the weak calf.
      Gastrocnemius muscle biopsy disclosed changes of partial denervation and
      reinnervation, with small groups of type I and type II atrophic muscle fibres and
      abundant hypertrophic fibres of both types but mostly type II. It is postulated
      that, in addition to comprensatory work-induced type II muscle fibre hypertrophy,
      there was an element of (type I) stretched-induced hypertrophy of denervated
      fibres, a condition well recognised experimentally but not documented in man.

PMID- 681960
TI  - Intracranial venous thrombosis in the first trimester of pregnancy.
AB  - We describe a fatal case of intracranial venous thrombosis occurring in early
      pregnancy. Such thrombosis usually occurs in late pregnancy or the puerperium but
      rarely during the first trimester of pregnancy. Computerized axial tomography
      suggested massive cerebral venous infarction. Necropsy findings showed not only
      cerebral venous thrombosis but also extensive pelvic and iliac vein thromboses.
      The relationship of cerebral venous thrombosis and pregnancy is discussed and the
      literature reviewed.

PMID- 681961
TI  - Thoracolumbar intraspinal tumours presenting features of raised intracranial
      pressure.
AB  - Five patients are described in whom a benign or malignant thoracolumbar tumour,
      producing increased level of cerebrospinal fluid protein, was associated with
      hydrocephalus or papilloedema or both. A review of the clinical and laboratory
      features in these and 40 published cases underlines the difficulty in explaining
      the increased intracranial pressure in such patients. Slow absorption of
      cerebrospinal fluid as a result of the elevated protein levels or recurrent
      subarachnoid bleeding may play a part. When patients are discovered to have
      communicating hydrocephalus or a syndrome resemlbing benign intracranial
      hypertension, the finding of increased cerebrospinal fluid protein or any
      symptoms or signs relative to the spine should suggest the possibility of an
      intraspinal tumour.

PMID- 681962
TI  - Subdural haematoma and the malfunctioning shunt.
AB  - Of 30 consecutive children with hydrocephalus treated by shunt implant, six
      developed subdural haematoma. Four of them presented with a malfunctioning shunt,
      and the diagnoses in all six cases were made by CT scan.

PMID- 681963
TI  - Properties of a spinal somatosensory evoked potential recorded in man.
AB  - Somatosensory evoked potentials were recorded from the skin overlying the
      cervical and lumbar spinal cord of man after stimulation of median and tibial
      nerves respectively. The early negative component (N11) of the cervical potential
      and the negative lumbar potential (N14) were studied. The spatial properties of
      N11 and N14 indicate a spinal cord origin. Evidence partly from threshold
      studies, shows that the low threshold cutaneous afferent fibres were responsible
      for activating the generators of the potentials. A conditioning test stimulation
      procedure supports a postsynaptic generator. It is concluded that N11 and N14
      have properties similar to the cord dorsum potentials recorded in animals and
      probably have the same generator, the neurones of the dorsal horn.

PMID- 681964
TI  - Human muscle afferent responses to tendon taps.

PMID- 681965
TI  - Development of the amyelinated lesion in the ventral root of the dystrophic
      mouse. Ultrastructural, quantitative and autoradiographic study.

PMID- 681966
TI  - Pathogenetic profile of TIA before 55. A three-year investigation.
AB  - Fifty-seven cases admitted to the Karolinska Hospital 1973-1976 with the
      diagnosis transient cerebral ischemia were reviewed. Seventeen cases were
      excluded as not fulfilling the strict TIA definition. An analysis of the records
      and the supplementary questionnaire of the remaining cases showed considerable
      sex differences in the stroke-prone profile. In the male group arteriosclerosis
      in the extracranial cerebral arteries was demonstrated in 90% of these examined
      by angiography. In the female group factors recognized as interfering with the
      coagulation system were obvious in more than 70% and two women had fibromuscular
      dysplasia. These differences may have therapeutic and prognostic implications. In
      the total material only 35% had hypertension. Diabetes was not present in any of
      the patients. Of the men 46.6% had abnormal blood lipids against 15.4% of the
      women. Seventy-five percent of the patients with verified arteriosclerosis were
      regular smokers. At a mean follow-up time of 18.7 months only one patient, in the
      untreated group, developed completed stroke.

PMID- 681967
TI  - Serum pyruvate-kinase (PK) and creatine-phosphokinase (CPK) in progressive
      muscular dystrophies.
AB  - PK and CPK have been determined in the serum from 208 individuals including 70
      normal controls (61 adults and 9 children) and 138 patients with a variety of
      neuromuscular disorders. In adult controls the mean activity (+/- SE) for PK is
      1.2 +/- 0.05 mumol/ml/h. In normal children PK activity was about twice as high
      as in normal adults and decreases with increasing age. In 26 patients with
      Duchenne dystrophy the range of serum PK was 4.0-150.4 and in 17 individuals with
      the Becker type, 3.0 to 148.7. All had elevated PK and CPK levels. Eighteen of 20
      patients with the facio-scapulo-humeral (FSH) from of muscular dystrophy had
      increased PK while only 9 had elevated CPK. Regression analyses have shown an
      inverse correlation between PK levels and age (or degree of disability in DMD).
      Kinetic and electrophoretic studies indicate that the PK isozyme found in the
      serum from affected patients and from heterozygotes for the DMD gene is mainly
      the M1 type PK, which is the only PK isozyme found in skeletal muscle and brain
      and the major component from myocardium.

PMID- 681968
TI  - An analysis of double discharges in the human electromyogram.
AB  - Different characteristics of double discharges (doublets) of motor units in m.
      biceps brachii and tibialis anterior were examined. Doublets may occur
      physiologically at the beginning and termination of muscular effort and at the
      minimum rhythmic firing frequency, but doublets arising within a regular sequence
      of motor unit potentials can be regarded as abnormal. In neuromuscular diseases
      about 3% of motor units showed this firing pattern, but it was never found in
      intact limb muscles. Most of the abnormal doublets have the following
      characteristics: the interval between the first and the second component is 9
      msec or less (longer intervals up to 22 msec occur very rarely); both components
      have nearly the same form; the amplitude of the second component is slightly
      smaller than that of the first; a stepwise or continuous jitter between doublet
      components is common; doublets recur randomly during a sequence of motor unit
      potentials; the interval between the doublet and the next MUP is usually about
      50% longer than the mean MUP interval. A number of doublets differ, however, in
      one way or another from the above. The second component of the doublet may differ
      completely in amplitude and even in form from the first component; or they may
      fuse. It is thus hardly possible to define the lower limit of the interval
      between doublet components. Sometimes the post-doublet interval increase is
      absent. When applying all the criteria there is seldom any uncertainty about the
      identification of doublets.

PMID- 681969
TI  - Double discharges in neuromuscular diseases.
AB  - Double discharges (doublets) of motor units were examined in routine EMG. The
      material consisted of 132 patients suffering from different neuromuscular
      diseases and 34 controls in whom the examined muscles were intact. Only m.
      tibialis anterior and biceps brachii were examined. Activity from at least 10
      different motor units per muscle were recorded and analyzed off-line. Modified
      criteria were used in determining doubling units. Applying the modified criteria
      no doubling units were found in controls. In myopathies doublets occurred only in
      myotonic dystrophy and in one case of polymyositis in remission. In neuropathies,
      the occurrence of doublets was most common in proximal neuropathies. In
      polyneuropathies and root syndromes doubling units were relatively common, but
      none were found in exclusively distal neuropathies. It is concluded that doublets
      have a definite diagnostic value in routine EMG examination.

PMID- 681970
TI  - The effects of hydrocephalus upon the developing brain. Histological and
      quantitative studies of the ependyma and subependyma in hydrocephalic rats.
AB  - A suspension of kaolin was injected into the cisterna magna of 44 rats at 2 weeks
      of age. Animals killed at intervals from 5--19 weeks of age showed varying
      degrees of hydrocephalus. Light microscopy, scanning and transmission electron
      microscopy revealed stretching and flattening of the ependymal cells but no
      significant loss of cilia. Histological evidence of periventricular tissue damage
      in these chronically hydrocephalic animals was only present when the ventricular
      dilatation was extensive. A quantitative assessment was made of the ependymal and
      subependymal cell reactions around the lateral ventricles of the hydrocephalic
      animals. Although the ependymal cells were clearly stretched around the
      ventricles, there was no apparent proliferation of these cells. An increase in
      the total number of subependymal cells was observed in hydrocephalic animals when
      compared with a series of 39 aged-matched controls. The greatest proliferation
      was in the dorsal and lateral walls of the ventricles which were the regions most
      severely stretched by the ventricular dilatation. There is evidence that
      subependymal cells differentiate into astrocytes and microglia so that
      proliferation of these cells may be interpreted as a response to continuing and
      progressive brain damage in chronic hydrocephalus. Such progressive tissue damage
      could adversely affect the developing brain.

PMID- 681971
TI  - Chemical control of cerebral circulation. Modification by a new vasodilator (YC
      93).
AB  - This study was undertaken to investigate influences of a new vasodilator, YC-93,
      a derivative of 1,4-dihydropyridine, on cerebral circulation and cerebrovascular
      CO2 reactivity. Cerebrocortical PO2, cerebrocortical PCO2, cerebrocortical blood
      flow and arterial blood pressure were continuously recorded by means of a PO2
      electrode, a PCO2 electrode and a plate-type crossed thermocouple flowmeter
      placed on an exposed pial surface of the cat brain. The changes in each parameter
      induced by YC-93 were compared with those induced by papaverine hydrochloride.
      The effects of 5% CO2 inhalation were compared before and after the intravenous
      injection of YC-93. YC-93 (0.01 mg/kg) showed a more marked and longer-lasting
      hypotensive effect that papaverine (1 mg/kg) and yet produced a significant
      increase in cerebrocortical PO2. After the administration of YC-93, the degree of
      the increase in cerebrocortical PO2 during 5% CO2 inhalation was reduced
      significantly in comparison with that before the administration. The above data
      indicates that YC-93 has a vasodilating effect on cerebral blood vessels and that
      the drug causes a decrease in cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity.

PMID- 681972
TI  - Computerized tomography of brain and optic nerve in multiple sclerosis.
      Observations in 100 patients, including serial studies in 16.
AB  - Computerized tomography (CT) of the brain was carried out in 100 patients with
      established or suspected multiple sclerosis (MS). The optic nerves were also
      examined in 53 of these patients. Areas compatible with demyelinating lesions
      were found in the cerebral hemisphere white matter and less frequently in the
      brain stem in 47% of cases. The hemisphere lesions were commonly multiple,
      typically situated in the deep white matter and periventricular regions, and were
      often asymptomatic. Small areas with unduly low attenuation coefficients were
      found in one or both optic nerves in 52% of patients in whom the optic nerves
      were examined. While these areas may represent demyelinating lesions their
      significance remains uncertain in view of poor correlation with clinical and
      electrophysiological parameters of optic nerve damage. Cerebral cortical atrophy
      and/or ventricular dilatation was found in 44% of cases, the frequency and
      severity of atrophy increasing with age and duration of disease. Serial studies
      after intervals of up to 21 months were performed in 16 patients, providing the
      opportunity to study the natural history of the cerebral lesions. While in some
      cases no significant change occurred, in others white matter lesions underwent an
      increase or a reduction in size, and in some cases new lesions appeared. In some
      patients minor degrees of atrophy became apparent over the period of the study.
      The value of CT in the investigation of patients with suspected MS and as a means
      of studying the natural history of the disease is discussed.

PMID- 681973
TI  - The maturation of the ventral root-spinal cord transitional zone. An
      ultrastructural study.
AB  - Initially, ventral motoneurone axons in the transitional zone are closely apposed
      to one another. They subsequently become progressively separated by astrocyte
      processes which grow into the axon bundles. These processes become progressively
      more numerous and project into the ventral rootlet as a glial dome. This
      disappears with maturation, the surface of the transitional zone becoming level
      with that of the surrounding cord. At first, a considerable length of the axon in
      and deep to, the transitional zone is covered only by astrocyte processes. The
      sleeve of oligodendrocytic cytoplasm myelinating the axon extends distally along
      it towards the cord surface, thus decreasing the length of axon covered by
      astrocyte processes. Concurrently, the Schwann cell myelinating the most proximal
      peripheral internode becomes invaginated into the cord over lengths of 50
      micrometer or more. Finger-like processes stem from its central end and abut on
      the nodal axolemma, as in peripheral nodes. However, a few astrocyte processes
      remain closely applied to the nodal axolemma, even at maturity. In the adult, the
      attachment zone consists of closely packed invaginations, each containing the
      central end of a Schwann cell and its myelin sheath, presenting a honeycomb
      appearance.

PMID- 681974
TI  - Hereditary distal myopathy with onset in early infancy. Observation of a family.
AB  - The study of a family affected with hereditary distal myopathy with onset in
      early infancy is presented. Complete neurological examination was necessary in
      several members of the two last generations to discover the existence of the
      abnormalities of which they were unaware. The propositus was the most affected
      member of the family iwth distal paresis of the upper and lower extremities and
      selective paresis of the deltoid muscles. In addition he had kyphoscoliosis,
      talipes valgus and limitation of mobility of several joints. The onset of the
      disease was estimated as before the age of 2 when the child started walking.
      There was no progression of the disease. Clinical examination suggested a
      myopathic origin of the condition. A sural nerve biopsy was normal. Light
      microscopy histochemical studies disclosed a predominance of type I fibres which
      were at the same time hypotrophic. Subsarcolemmal deposits of mitochondria were
      present although they were scanty and of normal ultrastructural appearance. In
      view of the morphological presentation it is postulated that this disease should
      be classified within the groups of myopathies accompanied by disproportion of
      fibres and selective atrophy of type I fibres.

PMID- 681975
TI  - Analysis of the electrical muscle activity during maximal contraction and the
      influence of ischaemia.
AB  - (1) The mechanism underlying muscle fatigue has been studied in maintained
      isometric maximal contraction of the wrist flexor muscles under normal and
      ischaemic conditions. Automatic EMG analysis has been used to show the level of
      motor unit firing rates in fatiguing contractions. (2) Under non-ischaemic
      conditions the decay of force, turns and amplitude is about the same, whereas
      during ischaemia force and to a lesser extent amplitude pulses, decline steeply
      towards zero, while turns, representing the number of impulses, remain in the non
      ischaemic range. (3) Depending on the duration of the ischaemia applied before
      contraction, force and amplitude are initially reduced but turns are nearly
      unchanged compared with the non-ischaemic values. It is suggested, that this is
      due to nerve blocking of high threshold motor units. (4) The results show that
      transmission failure at the neuromuscular junction is a minor factor in muscle
      fatigue and that this structure is not greatly affected by ischaemia. (5) It is
      believed that in the first phase of muscle fatigue the force decline is
      connnected with a slowing of discharge rates. This change of firing frequencies
      with time must be considered optimal in respect to the force produced because
      higher as well as lower discharge rates would reduce the force development. In
      the later phase it is possible that contractile element fatigue, connected with a
      reduction of action potential amplitudes of single muscle fibres, predominates,
      especially when the blood supply is obstructed.

PMID- 681976
TI  - Protein fractions of lumbar, cisternal, and ventricular cerebrospinal fluid.
      Separate areas of reference.
AB  - Ventricular (n=27), cisternal (n=33) and lumbar (n=127) cerebrospinal fluid of
      "non-diseased" reference persons was investigated. The following measurements
      were taken: (1) Total protein, albumin, immunoglobulin A,G, M (IgA,G,M) in
      unconcentrated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). (2) Protein fractions in the microzone
      electrophoresis of concentrated CSF. Albumin and IgG concentrations were highly
      correlated in all the samples, regardless of their origin. Therefore, bivariate
      areas of reference as well as interdependent regression coefficients were
      computed for the paired data. The regression lines of the 3 different areas of
      reference (ventricular, cisternal, lumbar) ran parallel to each other, displaced
      along the axis of the IgG concentration: approximately 10% of the lumbar IgG does
      not originate directly from serum. Although the albumin concentration increased
      2.2 times, and the IgG 2.6 times, from ventricular to lumbar region, the
      concentration of pre-albumin decreased by a factor of 0.7. The concentration of
      IgA never surpassed the limits of detection set by this method (8 mg/I), in spite
      of its similarity to IgG regarding molecular weight and size. The observations
      strengthen the assumption that selective functions are present at the blood-CSF
      barrier. In 4 illustrative cases with a chronic inflammatory process, the
      discriminating power of the different reference areas was demonstrated. The
      findings should be evaluated in a multivariate manner, considering the location
      from which the sample was obtained.

PMID- 681977
TI  - Spectrophotometry of the CSF (CSF-SPE) and computer tomography (CT) in traumatic
      head injuries.
AB  - Combined examinations with quantitative CSF spectrophotometry (CSF-SPE) and
      computer tomography (CT) were performed on 53 patients with traumatic head
      injuries. In cerebral concussion the results were mainly normal in both
      examinations. In cerebral contusion bleeding patterns were found by CSF-SPE in
      all subjects, with a special bleeding pattern (S2 pattern) occurring in 86%. CT
      showed findings described as typical for contusion in 8 of 14 examined patients,
      the remaining CT scans showing questionable or normal signs. In extra- and
      intracerebral haematomas, all patients had bleeding patterns on the CSF-SPE. A
      special bleeding component (H factor) was found in about 72%. The H component was
      not observed during the first 3 to 4 days after the trauma. All but one patient
      examined later than the 4th day had an H component with or without an S-pattern.
      CT demonstrated a haematoma in 14 of 18 verified haematoma patients, while 4
      subjects with subdural haematoma (e.g. one third of this group) had questionable
      CT findings. The combined examinations with CT and CSF-SPE, being complementary
      to each other, are of great value in the different diagnosis of traumatic head
      injuries.

PMID- 681978
TI  - A genetic study of subacute and chronic spinal muscular atrophy in childhood. A
      nosological analysis of 124 index patients.
AB  - A genetic study of the subacute spinal muscular atrophies (SMA) of late infancy
      and early childhood has been undertaken. All such patients with chronic disease
      (with ages at onset up to 14 years, and excluding SMA Type I) known to 2 large
      Neurological Centres were reassessed clinically and genetically. There were 124
      index patients (67 females and 57 males) and 17 secondary cases, which formed two
      consecutive unselected series. To investigate the genetic composition of this
      group, 4 nosological approaches were used; cluster analysis of clinical features
      of the disease, Haldane's sib-sib analysis on familial cases, interpretation of
      frequency distribution histograms, and a segregation analysis. A single autosomal
      recessive gene accounts for over 90% of cases, causes a clinical syndrome which
      manifests its first clinical signs before 5 years of age and in almost all cases
      before two years of age, but which is compatible with life into the third decade.
      Moderate intrafamilial discordance for some clinical features may be observed,
      but no genetic heterogeneity within this group was demonstrated. A small group of
      cases is caused by (a) new dominant mutation(s), or (b) is composed of
      phenocopies, or both. This relatively uncommon form may comprise the majority of
      late-presenting cases, and may account for all cases which manifest the first
      signs after 5 years of age. The spectrum of age-at-onset of this group cannot be
      determined at present, but the disease may be manifest before the age of two
      years; it is clinically indistinguishable from SMA caused by an autosomal
      recessive gene. The literature has been reviewed in the light of these findings.
      Empirical risks for use in genetic counselling are presented.

PMID- 681979
TI  - Essential fatty acid deficiency and CNS myelin. Biochemical and morphological
      observations.
AB  - Essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency was induced by feeding pregnant rats a fat
      free diet 10--12 days after impregnation and maintaining the offspring on this
      diet until 120 days of age. EFA-deficiency rats demonstrated marked alterations
      in the fatty acid composition of ethanolamine phosphoglycerides (EPG's) from
      myelin subfractions. A decrease in the fatty acids of the linoleic (n-6) and
      linolenic (n-3) families was accompanied by an increase in the non-essential
      fatty acids of the oleic (n-9) family. These alterations decreased the
      unsaturation index of heavy myelin by 23% and that of light myelin by 10%. The
      EPG fatty acid composition of heavy myelin from control animals contained a
      higher percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids than the light myelin which
      contained more monounsaturated fatty acids. These differences may be a reflection
      of distinct anatomical locations or functional properties of the subfractions.
      The differences between light and heavy myelin EPG fatty acids were not
      maintained during EFA deficiency. Morphologically, 1 mum thick sections revealed
      vacuoles within the optic nerve of EFA-deficient rats. Ultrastructurally these
      vacuoles were identified as fibers undergoing Wallerian degeneration and fibers
      demonstrating intramyelinic splitting. No qualitative changes were found in
      oligodendrocytes, astrocytes or vascular elements within EFA-deficient optic
      nerve. EFA deficiency did not alter the diameter of fibers within the optic
      nerve. These results show that although there is no apparent decrease in the
      degree of myelination within the optic nerve, morphological changes do occur in
      fibers of EFA-deficient optic nerve concomitantly with alterations in the EPG
      fatty acids of myelin subfractions.

PMID- 681980
TI  - Neuronal and glial processes in neuropathology.

PMID- 681981
TI  - 3,3'-Iminodipropionitrile induced centrifugal segmental demyelination and onion
      bulb formation.
AB  - Centrifugal segmental demyelination extended from the proximal to the distal
      portion, and onion bulb formation in the extraspinal ventral root occurred
      following the axonal lesion of the intraspinal ventral root induced by 3,3'
      iminodipropionitrile. These results suggest that axonal factors may be
      responsible to segmental demyelination and onion bulb formation.

PMID- 681982
TI  - Increased endocytosis with lysosomal activation in skeletal muscle of dystrophic
      mouse.
AB  - Endocytosis in dystrophic muscles was studied by a combination of biochemical,
      radiochemical, and light and electron microscopic techniques. It was observed
      that the uptake of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and 3H-Inulin in vitro was
      increased in leg skeletal muscles from dystrophic mice compared with littermate
      controls. Endocytosis of HRP in vivo was also increased in dystrophic muscles.
      When HRP was administered intravenously, light microscopic examination of the
      muscles showed that the macromolecular tracer was present not only in the
      extracellular space but also as intracellular deposits in several dystropic
      muscle fibers. Ultrastructural examination of these fibers showed HRP to be
      present in membrane limited bodies of variable size, some of which likely
      represented secondary lysosomes, located preferentially close to the A-I
      junction. HRP was also found inside vacuoles which were sometimes in close
      vicinity to autophagic vacuoles. Primary uptake vesicles containing HRP appeared
      to originate from the sarcolemma and the transverse tubules. Biochemical
      determination of lysosomal enzyme activities revealed elevated levels of both
      cathepsin D and N-acetylglucosaminidase in dystrophic muscles as compared with
      controls. The results suggest an increased endocytic activity in dystrophic
      muscles with distribution of exogenous marcromolecular tracers into endocytic
      vesicles and lysosomal structures. The hypothesis is put forward that endocytic
      activity constitutes an important mechanism of lysosomal activation in dystrophic
      muscles.

PMID- 681983
TI  - Early edematous lesion of pyrithiamine induced acute thiamine deficient
      encephalopathy in the mouse.
AB  - Pyrithiamine induced acute thiamine deficient encephalopathy in the mouse is one
      of the possible animal models of human Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome. In this
      experiment, the adult male Swiss Mice, treated with a daily subcutaneous
      injection of pyrithiamine in conjunction with a thiamine deficient diet, abruptly
      developed unique encephalopathic signs on day 10. In the animals sacrificed
      immediately after the onset of the disease, the gross examination of the brains
      revealed a small number of minute hemorrhagic lesions in the thalamus, mammilary
      bodies and pontine tegmentum, including the medial and lateral vestibular nuclei.
      When spared the hemorrhage, these regions appear intact grossly and in paraffin
      sections, but were found to be significantly altered in Epon sections. In
      semithin Epon sections of the pontine tegmentum, there was edematous swelling of
      all the astrocytes and oligodendrocytes and occasional myelin sheaths. By
      electron microscopy, the edema of astrocytes involved both nucleus and cytoplasm
      extensively. The oligodendroglial edema was severe in the peripheral cytoplasm,
      particularly in the inner loops of the myelin sheaths and only moderately in the
      nuclei, perinuclear cytoplasm and outer loops. Disintegration of the myelin
      lamellae occurred when edema of the inner loops had advanced. The axis cylinders
      surrounded by the edematous loops were essentially intact. In contrast to such
      glial cell damage, the nerve cells and blood vessels were not altered. These
      findings suggest that (1) astroglia and oligodendroglia are the cells most
      sensitive to thiamine deficiency and (2) the resultant glial cell injury is the
      initial change of thiamine deficient encephalopathy in man and in experimental
      animals.

PMID- 681984
TI  - Effect of lead on the developing peripheral nervous system.
AB  - The effect of lead on the developing nervous system was studied in the Long-Evans
      rat. Pups were intoxicated with lead from day 2 through the 20th day of life with
      a dosage of 1 gm Pb/kg body weight. Doses were administered via gastric gavage on
      the second and third days of life, and bidaily thereafter. Lead-treated and age
      matched controls were then studied at selected intervals up to and including 20
      days of age. Central and peripheral nervous systems were examined by light and
      electron microscopy. Morphometric analysis focused on defined segments of
      proximal and distal sciatic nerves and the 6th dorsal and ventral lumbar roots.
      For teased fiber studies, a segment of the contralateral proximal sciatic nerve
      was used. The investigation revealed that during the period studied, the myelin
      formed is stable. Multiple lead effects, however, were found: the Schwann cell is
      initially swollen but this effect gradually wanes during the 20 day period;
      myelin compaction is initially delayed, particularly in the ventral roots; axonal
      segregation proceeds, but appears to be accelerated in the ventral roots of the
      lead-treated pups where the larger bundles of naked axons disappear by five days
      of life. All of the changes noted, except axonal segregation, are reversed in the
      face of continued lead intoxication. While the hallmarks of "classical" lead
      neuropathy--segmental demyelination and the selective involvement of large fibers
      were not observed--the sensitivity of the somatic efferent fibers to lead was
      apparent in the accentuation of the lead effects in the ventral roots.

PMID- 681985
TI  - Postnatal development of visually evoked activity within motor cortex of cat.
AB  - 1. The development of visually evoked activity within motor cortex was studied in
      chloralose-anesthetized kittens of 3, 4, and 5 mo of age and adult cats. 2. The
      slow-wave response from motor cortex of the adult cat is a triphasic negative
      positive-negative wave. In 3-mo-old kittens the response is only a long-duration
      negative wave, while at 4 mo the positive and late negative waves emerge, and at
      5 mo of age the adult form of the response is present. 3. Single neurons in the
      adult respond to the light during the positive component of the slow-wave
      response. When only the negative wave is present in kittens of 3 and 4 mo of age,
      neurons do not respond to the photic stimulus. At 5 mo of age the correlation
      between unit activity and the positive component of the response is identical to
      the adult. 4. The laminar analysis of the positive component of the response
      suggests that it originates relatively superficially in cortex and migrates down
      toward the deeper layers. Its correlation with unit activity indicates that the
      positive component represents excitatory postsynaptic potentials. 5. These
      results are consistent with an excitatory drive on neurons within motor cortex
      undergoing development change until the 5th mo of life.

PMID- 681986
TI  - Calcium and potassium changes in extracellular microenvironment of cat cerebellar
      cortex.
AB  - 1. Local stimulus-evoked changes in concentration of extracellular calcium ions,
      [Ca2+]0, and potassium ions, [K+[0, were measured in the cerebellar cortex of the
      cat using paired ion-selected micropipettes. 2. Repetitive stimulation of 30 s
      duration decreased [Ca2+]0 from a base line of 1.2 mM to as low as 0.8 mM and
      increased [K+]0 from 3 mM to as much as 8 mM. The magnitude of the changes was
      directly related to stimulus frequency. Laminar analysis showed that the greatest
      ion changes occurred at the level of maximum parallel fiber-Purkinje cell
      dendrite stimulation, but that the [Ca2+]0 changes were more localized than the
      [K+]0 changes. 3. Combining real-time current-source density measurement with
      [K+]0 determination and local manganese application, showed that the Mn blocked
      parallel fiber-Purkinje cell synaptic transmission, but that much of the [K+]0
      changes persisted. Thus, a large part of the [K+]0 flux most probably originated
      in the parallel fibers. In contrast, [Ca2+]0 changes were abolished by the Mn,
      indicating that the decrease in this ion was probably associated with synaptic
      transmission or dendritic events. 4. In a few cases, spreading depression
      occurred in the cat cerebellar cortex. This could be accompanied by decreases in
      [Ca2+]0 to as low as 0.12 mM and increases in [K+]0 in excess of 48 mM. 5. These
      results show that significant changes in [Ca2+]0 and [K+]0 occur during
      cerebellar stimulation and indicate possible origins of the ion fluxes in terms
      of neuronal elements. This work also shows that the cerebellar cortex of the cat
      can support spreading depression. The present results, together with those of
      earlier studies on [Ca2+]0 and [K+]0 changes in the presence of aminopyridine in
      the cat cerebellum, suggest that synaptic or dendritic electroresponsive
      properties may play a role in the observed [Ca2+]0 and [K+]0 changes.

PMID- 681987
TI  - Generation of scratching. I. Activity of spinal interneurons during scratching.
AB  - 1. In decerebrate, curarized cats, stimulation of the cervical spinal cord evoked
      fictitious scratching (9), i.e., periodical activity of the hindlimb motoneurons
      with a discharge pattern typical of actual scratching (cycle duration about 250
      ms, flexor phase about 200 ms, extensor phase about 50 ms). During fictitious
      scratching, extra-cellular records were obtained from 182 spinal neurons located
      in different regions of the gray matter cross section (except for the motor
      nuclei), from segments L4 and L5. 2. The firing rate of 73% of neurons was
      rhythmically modulated in relation with the scratch cycle. Most of the modulated
      neurons fired in bursts and were silent between bursts. They were located mainly
      in Rexed's (22) layer VII. 3. Burst onsets ("switchings on" of the neurons) were
      distributed rather evenly throughout the scratch cycle except for a small maximum
      at the very beginning of the cycle (the cycle was assumed to start with the
      termination of the extensor phase). Burst terminations ("switchings off") in the
      overwhelming majority of the neurons were distributed over the last-third part of
      the cycle. As a result, those neurons which began to fire earlier in the cycle
      usually had longer bursts, compared to the neurons which began to fire later.
      Besides, since there were very few switchings off in the first half of the cycle,
      the number of simultaneously active neurons increased during the first half of
      the cycle, reached the maximum somewhat later than the middle of the cycle, and
      considerably decreased by the end of the cycle. 4. With more intensive
      scratching, the firing rate in the bursts considerably increased in all neurons
      tested, while the duration of the scratch cycle changed only slightly. 5. A
      correlation between the burst position in the cycle and the behavior during the
      latent period of scratching (when stimulation of the cervical spinal cord had
      already been started but rhythmical oscillations had not yet appeared) was found
      in many neurons. Most of the neurons which began to fire at the beginning of the
      scratch cycle and had long bursts were tonically activated during the latent
      period. On the contrary, most of the neurons which fired in short bursts at the
      end of the cycle were either inhibited or not affected during this period. 6. A
      correlation betwen the burst position in the cycle and the frequency pattern was
      found in many neurons. In most of the neurons which began to fire in the first
      half of the cycle (except for the very beginning), the discharge rate increased
      in the course of the burst. In the remaining neurons, the discharge rate changed
      only slightly during the burst. 7. Hypotheses concerning organization of the
      spinal mechanism of scratching are discussed.

PMID- 681988
TI  - Generation of scratching. II. Nonregular regimes of generation.
AB  - 1. The activity of muscle nerves and that of spinal interneurons from the L4 and
      L5 segments was recorded during fictitious scratching (5), which was evoked in
      decerebrate curarized cats by stimulation of the cervical spinal cord. In some
      experiments, rhythmical generation was disturbed by stimulation of the fifth
      lumbar dorsal root (DL5). 2. Excluding the very beginning of scratching,
      rhythmical generation was usually rather regular: fluctuations of the cycle
      duration were less than +/-5%. But changes in the stimulation strength, in the
      stimulating electrode position, and in the hindlimb position led to changes of
      the generation regime. In different regimes, the mean value of the cycle duration
      could differ by 20-30%. No correlation was found between mean durations of flexor
      and extensor phases for different regimes. 3. Rhythmical generation was possible
      only if the hindlimb was put to "scratch posture," i.e., deflected forward.
      Generation immediately stopped when the limb was deflected backward, and
      immediately started when it was returned to scratch posture. 4. In some
      experiments, stimulation of the cervical spinal cord first resulted in generation
      of slow oscillations with the temporal pattern typical of stepping (cycle
      duration about 500 ms, flexor and extensor phases being almost equal to each
      other). Then, during 5-20 cycles, gradual transition to a normal scratch cycle
      (about 250 ms) occurred mainly due to considerable shortening (5-10 times) of the
      extensor phase. In some experiments, considerable spontaneous variations of the
      flexor phase were observed, while the extensor phase was constant. 5. A single
      stimulus applied to DL5 considerably affected the cycle duration. Repetitive DL5
      stimulation,with a rhythm close to that of scratching, resulted in
      synchronization of the spinal generator by the stimuli. 6. Spinal interneurons
      recorded during transition from slow oscillations to a normal scratch cycle only
      slightly changed phases of their activity in relation to the activity of
      motoneurons. 7. A hypothesis is advanced that generation of different kinds of
      limb movements is produced by one and the same central spinal mechanism which can
      operate in different regimes. The role of sensory input for operation of this
      mechanism is discussed.

PMID- 681989
TI  - External nucleus of inferior colliculus: auditory and spinal somatosensory
      afferents and their interactions.
AB  - 1. The discharges of 129 units were studied in the external nucleus of the
      inferior colliculus of 11 anesthetised and paralyzed cats. This region is known
      to receive fibers from auditory nuclei and the dorsal column nuclei. 2. Stimuli
      used were pure tone bursts, monaural or binaural, tactile stimulation of the body
      surface, and electrical stimulation of the dorsal columns (DC) at a low cervical
      level and of the contralateral and ipsilateral tibial nerves. 3. Forty-six
      percent of units were only influenced by one type of stimulation (26% auditory,
      20% DC). Of the remaining bimodally influenced units, the majority was excited by
      pure tone stimuli and inhibited by DC stimulation. 4. A small proportion of the
      total population (18%) was excited by both DC and auditory input, and units
      sensitive to both tones and tactile stimulation of the skin were rare (4%). 5.
      Auditory tuning curves were generally very broad compared with those of units in
      the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus. Similarly, somatic receptive
      fields were large and usually extended over a whole limb. 6. The majority of tone
      responsive units were influenced binaurally (70%); most somatic receptive fields
      were located on the contralateral fore- or hindlimb (16/18). 7. The results
      indicate that both auditory and somatosensory information is contained in the
      discharges of units in the external nucleus of the inferior colliculus. 8.
      Speculations are made about the role of this nucleus in descending auditory input
      to the spinal cord and in the comparison of auditory and cutaneous information
      during sound-evoked coordinated body movements.

PMID- 681990
TI  - Eye alignment in kittens.
AB  - 1. The alignment of the pupillary axes and of the visual axes has been measured
      in 23 normally reared cats ranging in age from 14 days to adulthood. 2. In
      agreement with a previous report, we find that pupillary divergence, as measured
      from photographs, tends to decrease during the first 2 mo of life. 3. The angle
      between the visual axes of cats of various ages was determined during paralysis
      by plotting the receptive fields of neurons in cortical area 17, and
      extrapolation to the angle of alignment of the freely moving animal was
      accomplished by comparing pupillary photographs taken before and after
      immobilization. Results obtained by this method reveal that in cats of all ages
      the visual axes are convergent, and that the average angle of convergence is
      approximately the same at all ages. 4. We conclude that young kittens may be
      capable of coordinated binocular vision. Further study will be required to
      determine whether animals as young as 2 wk are able to align their eyes
      accurately so as to bring the two retinal images of object space into register.
      5. Pupillary divergence decreases during development as a result of changes in
      the geometry of the eye characterized by a reduction of the angle between the
      pupillary axis and the visual axis in each eye. This angle changes from around 25
      degrees at 14 days to around 16 degrees in adulthood. 6. The role of visual
      experience in the maintenance of normal eye alignment was investigated by rearing
      five cats in darkness until the age of 4-7 mo. In three animals, visual axis
      alignment was within the normal range. The two remaining cats were slightly
      exotropic. 7. A change occurs during development in the apparent cyclotorsional
      alignment of the eyes, as determined by measuring the intorsional angle formed by
      the two slit pupils. This angle increases during the 1st and 2nd mo, assuming a
      mean value of 14 degrees. In dark-reared cats the increase continues through the
      3rd mo, culminating in an abnormally large angle of pupillary intorsion (mean of
      24 degrees). The possibility that these changes reflect true shifts in
      cyclotorsional alignment of the eyes is discussed.

PMID- 681991
TI  - Space and frequency are represented separately in auditory midbrain of the owl.
AB  - 1. The influence of sound location and sound frequency on the responses of single
      units in the midbrain auditory area (MLD) of the owl (Tyto alba) were studied
      using a movable sound source under free-field conditions. With this technique,
      two functionally distinct regions in MLD have been identified: a tonotopic region
      and a space-mapped region. 2. MLD units were classified according to their
      receptive-field properties: 1) limited-field units responded only to sound from a
      small, discrete area of space; 2) complex-field units exhibited two to four
      different excitatory areas separated by areas of reduced response or inhibition:
      3) space-preferring units responded best to a certain area of space, but their
      fields expanded considerably with increasing sound intensities; 4) Space
      independent units responded similarly to a sound stimulus regardless of its
      location in space. 3. Limited-field units were located exclusively along the
      lateral and anterior borders of MLD. These units were tuned to sound frequencies
      at the high end of the owl's audible range (5-8.7 kHz). They usually responded
      only at the onset of a tonal stimulus; but most importantly, the units were
      systematically arranged in this region according to the azimuths and elevations
      of their receptive fields, thus creating a physiological map of auditory space.
      Because of this latter, dominant aspect of its functional organization, this
      region is named the space-mapped region of MLD. 4. The receptive fields of units
      in the larger, medial portion of MLD were of the space-independent, space
      preferring, or complex-field types. These units tended to respond in a sustained
      fashion to tone and noise bursts, and these units were arranged in a strict
      frequency-dependent order. Based on this last property, this region is named the
      tonotopic region of MLD. 5. Because of the salient differences in the response
      properties of their constituent units, it is argued that the space-mapped region
      and the tonotopic region are involved in different aspects of sound analysis.

PMID- 681992
TI  - Specificity of afferent and efferent regeneration in the cockroach: establishment
      of a reflex pathway between contralaterally homologous target cells.
AB  - 1. In 132 cockroaches the main leg nerve on one side (right), of the metathoracic
      segment was crossed to the opposite (left) side and allowed to regenerate. In 3-8
      wk, 59% of the animals displayed reflex activity in the left leg (behaviorally
      demonstrated by leg withdrawal following tarsal stimulation). 2. EMGs from the
      femoral extensor revealed potentials characteristic of normal activity in the
      extensor, which is innervated by an identified motor neuron, Ds. 3. Intracellular
      recordings from processes within the right hemiganglion of the metathoracic
      ganglion (CNS) demonstrated 1:1 activity between a unit in the CNS recording and
      the EMG of the left extensor. Subsequent intracellular staining revealed that the
      unit was on the right side of the CNS and was identified as motor neuron Ds by
      the location of its soma and dendrites. This finding indicated that specific,
      contralateral, efferent reinnervation occurs in the cockroach. 4. In normal
      cockroaches a monosynaptic reflex exists between hair plate afferents and Ds. A
      temporal analysis (stimulus-interval histogram) indicated that the reflex is also
      established in the crossed-regenerated animals. These data suggested that
      specific contralateral afferent reinnervation also occurs in the cockroach and
      that the monosynaptic nature of the normal reflex was reestablished. 5.
      Therefore, cell-to-cell specificity in neuron-to-neuron or neuron-to-muscle
      interactions not only occurs in normally developing or regenerating animals but
      also occurs between contralaterally homologous target cells, given the proper
      experimental conditions. It is also suggested that this experimental procedure of
      redesigning pathways may be a useful tool for further studies of behavior.

PMID- 681993
TI  - Physiological consequences for the cat's visual cortex of effectively restricting
      early visual experience with oriented contours.
AB  - 1. The early visual experience of nine cats was restricted to viewing horizontal
      or vertical lines inside opaque goggles. 2. When the kittens were 3-4 mo old,
      extracellular recordings were made in the primary visual cortex. To obtain a
      representative sample of cortical cells, units were studied at regularly spaced
      intervals along the course of electrode penetrations traveling oblique to the
      cortical surface. An automated assessment of preferred orientation using a
      computer-driven optical display was employed, and during the recording session
      the experimenters did not know which orientation(s) each animal had viewed in
      early life. 3. In the cats that viewed horizontal lines with one eye and vertical
      lines with the other during rearing, two major findings of previous workers (14)
      were confirmed. First, a majority of units were not selective for orientation.
      Second, units with preferred orientations near vertical tended to be activated
      exclusively by the eye that had viewed vertical, and likewise for horizontal. 4.
      In cats that viewed lines of the same orientation with both eyes during rearing,
      a substantially smaller proportion of units were selective for orientation; the
      preferred orientations of these units also tended to match the orientation to
      which the cats had been exposed. 5. Portions of some electrode penetrations
      showed an orderly arrangement of cells according to preferred orientation similar
      to that seen in normal cats, but with regions over which only nonselective cells
      were found. Many penetrations appeared less orderly. 6. The results are
      consistent with a role for early visual experience in maintaining the
      responsiveness and innate selectivity of cortical neurons, although they cannot
      entirely rule out the possibility that experience may alter or determine the
      preferred orientation of some cells.

PMID- 681994
TI  - Receptive-field properties of neurons in different laminae of visual cortex of
      the cat.
AB  - 1. Receptive-field properties of neurons in the different layers of the visual
      cortex of normal adult cats were analyzed quantitatively. Neurons were classified
      into one of two groups: 1) S-cells, which have discrete on- and/or off-regions in
      their receptive fields and possess inhibitory side bands; 2) C-cells, which do
      not have discrete on- and off-regions in their receptive fields but display an on
      off response to flashing stimuli. Neurons of this type rarely display side-band
      inhibition. 2. As a group, S-cells display lower relative degrees of binocularity
      and are more selective for stimulus orientation than C-cells. In addition, within
      a given lamina the S-cells have smaller receptive fields, lower cutoff
      velocities, lower peak responses to visual stimulation, and lower spontaneous
      activity than do the C-cells. 3. S-cells in all layers of the cortex display
      similar orientation sensitivities, mean spontaneous discharge rates, peak
      response to visual stimulation, and degrees of binocularity. 4. Many of the
      receptive-field properties of cortical cells vary with laminar location.
      Receptive-field sizes and cutoff velocities of S-cells and of C-cells are greater
      in layers V and VI than in layers II-IV. For S-cells, preferred velocities are
      also greater in layers V and VI than in layers II-IV. Furthermore, C-cells in
      layers V and VI display high mean spontaneous discharge rates, weak orientation
      preferences, high relative degrees of binocularity, and higher peak responses to
      visual stimulation when compared to C-cells in layers II and III. 5. The
      receptive-field properties of cells in layers V-VI of the striate cortex suggest
      that most neurons that have their somata in these laminae receive afferents from
      LGNd Y-cells. Hence, our results suggest that afferents from LGNd Y-cells may
      play a major part in the cortical control of subcortical visual functions.

PMID- 681995
TI  - Effect of auditory cortex ablation on localization and discrimination of brief
      sounds.
AB  - 1. Dogs with bilateral auditory cortex lesions were tested on their ability to
      localize and discriminate brief sounds. In each test the animals were required to
      approach one of two goal boxes in order to indicate their response. 2. The
      results showed: a) that the operated animals could not solve the localization
      tasks when the goal boxes were located more than 125 cm away, but could solve the
      task if the goal boxes were located closer to the animal; b) that the operated
      animals could successfully discriminate brief bursts of click trains (i.e., 100/s
      versus 10/s, 0.3 s duration) even when required to indicate their discrimination
      by moving to goal boxes located 250 cm away, in spite of the fact that they could
      not successfully localize these sounds under similar conditions; c) that the
      operated animals tracked the source of a continuous sound instead of localizing
      it in a normal manner. 3. It appears that the deficit in sound localization
      resulting from cortical ablation is not due to any impairment in auditory
      attention or memory. Furthermore, the deficit cannot be ascribed to an inability
      to make a spatial response to an auditory cue. Instead, the deficit may be the
      result of a disconnection of the sound-localization mechanism from the motor
      mechanism necessary for some, though not all, behavioral responses.

PMID- 681996
TI  - Neural correlates of auditory fatigue: frequency-dependent changes in activity of
      single cochlear nerve fibers.
AB  - 1. These experiments were designed to test whether intense pure tones produced
      greater depression of cochlear nerve fibers tuned to the exposure frequency or of
      those tuned to frequencies above the exposure frequency. Spike discharges of
      single fibers were studied in anesthetized cats before, during, and after
      exposures lasting 1 min. Exposure frequency was varied relative to each fiber's
      characteristic frequency (CF), and was either at the CF or 1/2 octave above (+1/2
      oct) or 1/2 octave below (-1/2 oct) the CF. Exposure levels were 85 or 90 dB SPL.
      Effects of the various exposures on driven discharge rates were evaluated using
      standard test stimuli at each fiber's CF. In addition, nonevoked discharges were
      measured during the brief quiet intervals between test stimuli ("interstimulus
      activity") as well as during extended quiet periods ("resting activity"). Major
      results were as follows: 2. All the exposures resulted in depression of the
      driven discharge rates; however, these effects were strongly dependent on the
      exposure frequency. The depression was greatest and endured the longest following
      -1/2 oct exposures at 90 dB. The CF exposures at 85 and 90 dB were much less
      depressant, as were exposures at -1/2 oct at 85 dB; these three exposures
      resulted in very similar recovery functions. The +1/2 oct exposures produced
      little or no depression, whether at 85 or 90 dB. 3. Interstimulus activity was
      depressed immediately following all exposures, but recovered to normal quickly
      than did driven discharge rates. Following exposures at -1/2 oct at 90 dB,
      recovery was non-monotonic in that an extended period of supernormality preceded
      the return to normal rates. During this period of elevated activity, the
      interstimulus activity approached but never exceeded the resting rate of the same
      fiber. 4. Resting activity recovered even more rapidly than interstimulus
      activity, being completely normal by 1 min following all exposures. 5. These
      results constitute the first demonstration that the CF is not necessarily the
      most depressant exposure frequency for a given cochlear nerve fiber. Further, the
      results imply that the half-octave (or greater) shifts of the point of maximum
      hearing loss, so characteristic of auditory fatigue, may be accounted for by
      frequency-dependent alterations in the responsiveness of cochlear nerve fibers.

PMID- 681997
TI  - Head injury and coagulation disorders.
AB  - Coagulation studies (plasma fibrinogen, ethanol gelation test, and
      fibrin/fibrinogen degradation product concentration) were done in 150 patients
      who were admitted after blunt head injury. Results were abnormal in 60 patients
      and were found to be correlated with the level of consciousness and with the
      presence of neurological signs. Many of these patients had fractures, but
      findings in a control group of 26 patients with major fractures without head
      injury indicate that fractures were not of paramount importance in causing
      clotting changes. Conclusive evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation
      was found in 12 patients. Cases with a fatal clinical course were mostly
      associated with very high fibrin/fibrinogen degradation product concentrations.
      Some case histories are reported, confirming the hypothesized correlation between
      coagulation results and brain tissue destruction rather than brain compression.
      It was concluded that some degree of disseminated intravascular coagulation in
      patients with blunt head injury occurs more often than expected and that
      coagulation studies might have both diagnostic and prognostic value.

PMID- 681998
TI  - Reproducibility of regional cerebral blood flow measurements in acute severe head
      injury.
AB  - In order to evaluate the reproducibility of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF)
      measurements in pathological brain tissue, serial measurements were carried out
      in 13 determinations performed in patients who were comatose after severe head
      injuries within the first 2 weeks after the head trauma. The xenon-133 intra
      arterial method was used for the flow measurements, and the flow was studied
      separately in 16 areas of the brain, producing 197 regional double
      determinations. The patients were maintained in a steady state during and between
      the measurements, and only differences of less than 2 mm Hg in the arterial CO2
      pressure and less than 5 mm Hg in the perfusion pressure were tolerated. The
      reproducibility was found to be reasonably good as regards initial slope-flow
      indices and height/area flow indices and height/area flow values, whereas that of
      the compartmentally calculated flow parameters was poorer. On dividing the series
      into severely and moderately pathological areas, it could be shown that the
      reproducibility of the flor values in the moderately pathological brain areas was
      acceptable and similar to the results reported by others, whereas the
      reproducibility in the most severely pathological areas of the brain was rather
      poor, as regards the flow in the fast compartments. The correlation between the
      various flow parameters was found to be fairly good.

PMID- 681999
TI  - Deep vein thrombosis and low-dose heparin prophylaxis in neurosurgical patients.
AB  - By the use of 125I-labeled fibrinogen test, the incidence of postoperative deep
      vein thrombosis (DVT) and the effectiveness of prophylactic low-dose heparin
      treatment were investigated in 110 patients who underwent elective neurosurgical
      procedures. Fifty patients were appointed randomly to a control group and 50 to a
      heparin group (10 patients were excluded since they had DVT before surgery). The
      incidence of DVT was reduced from 34% in the control group to 6% in the heparin
      group (p less than 0.005). No statistically significant differences were observed
      in transfusion requirements, postoperative hemoglobin concentration, and the
      occurrence of postoperative hematomas between the two groups. Positive
      correlation was observed between DVT and motor deficit (p less than 0.05).
      Preoperative assessment of patients' sensitivity to the standard 5000-unit dose
      of heparin was performed in all treated patients and is thought an important
      factor in improving the safety of heparin prophylaxis.

PMID- 682000
TI  - Cervical myeloradiculopathy caused by arthrotic hypertrophy of the posterior
      facets and laminae.
AB  - Five patients with typical cervical myeloradiculopathy caused by focal cervical
      spinal stenosis are presented. Dorsal intrusions into the spinal canal by
      hypertrophied apophyseal joints and thickened laminae resulted in cord and nerve
      root compression. Minor spondylotic changes were present in the floor of the
      spinal canal. Laminar decompression with formainotomy and facetectomy relieved
      the patients of their symptoms. An anterior approach should not be considered in
      the management of this disorder. Our findings of severe apophyseal arthrosis with
      lesser degrees of associated spondylosis are similar to those described in
      anatomical studies by other authors. While uncommon, myelopathy caused by dorsal
      compression of the spinal cord and nerve roots deserves specific mention so that
      therapy can be directed to the proper quadrants of the spinal canal wherein the
      significant pathology is located.

PMID- 682001
TI  - Management of recurrent CSF rhinorrhea of the middle and posterior fossa.
AB  - The authors review 39 patients with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks originating
      from the middle or posterior fossa. They evaluate the usefulness of preoperative
      investigative procedures, including cisternal radionuclide scanning and the
      deliberate increase of intracranial pressure. The results in this series
      emphasize the important role that abnormal CSF dynamics play in the recurrence of
      problematic cases of rhinorrhea or otorrhea. The following guidelines are
      recommended by the authors on the basis of their recent experience: 1) if
      hydrocephalus is present, if the cisternogram is abnormal, or if the CSF leak is
      intermittent and slight, the initial treatment should be insertion of a
      lumboperitoneal shunt; 2) if the leak is localized in the sellar or parasellar
      area, a transsphenoidal approach to obliterate the leak is advised; 3) if the CSF
      leak originates through a dural opening into the middle ear, an intracranial
      repair is indicated.

PMID- 682002
TI  - Computerized tomography in hydatid cyst of the brain.
AB  - From among 1500 patients who underwent computerized tomography (CT) during an 18
      month period, five cases of hydatid disease of the brain were diagnosed. The
      preoperative diagnosis is of paramount importance as the cyst has to be removed
      unruptured. The CT features of this condition are practically pathognomonic. The
      authors discuss the CT findings in these cases and differential diagnosis with
      other cystic lesions of the brain. The help that this safe and sure method of
      investigation gives to attain preoperative diagnosis is emphasized.

PMID- 682003
TI  - The fate of autogenous grafts to the spinal dura. An experimental study.

PMID- 682004
TI  - South American blastomycosis presenting as a posterior fossa tumor. Case report.
AB  - An unusual case of infection of the central nervous system by Paracoccidioides
      braziliensis, presenting as posterior fossa tumor, is discussed and the pertinent
      literature reviewed.

PMID- 682005
TI  - Paracoccidioidomycosis of the skull. Case report.
AB  - A case of paracoccidioidomycosis of the skull is presented. No evidence of a
      previous lung, mucous membrane, or nervous system infection was found.
      Radiological and surgical findings suggested osteomyelitis. The authors stress
      the importance of including paracoccidioidomycosis in the differential diagnosis
      of osteolytic skull lesions in countries where this fungus is endemic.

PMID- 682006
TI  - Recurrence of medulloblastoma after homogeneous field radiotherapy. Report of
      three cases.
AB  - Three cases are reported of posterior fossa medulloblastoma in children. In each
      case metastatic spread occurred despite homogeneous field radiotherapy to the
      whole neuraxis; the secondary tumor was located in the subfrontal region. In the
      two cases in which operative removal of the metastasis was carried out, the tumor
      was found to be extracerebral and was attached to the dura in the region of the
      cribiform plate. The "face-down" position of patients during operations on the
      posterior fossa makes this area the most dependent part and therefore the most
      likely recipient of tumor cells shed at operation. This area has not previously
      been included in the field of maximum dosage for radiotherapy, but as a result of
      these findings a modification in technique of radiotherapy has been suggested.

PMID- 682007
TI  - Congenital lumbar ridge causing spinal claudication in adolescents. Report of two
      cases.
AB  - Two adolescent boys had classic histories and findings of spinal claudication.
      Their plain x-ray films were read as normal and myelograms demonstrated a ventral
      defect at L4-5. Surgical exploration revealed ventral bony ridges in both cases.
      Laminectomy initially provided substantial relief, but spinal fusion was
      necessary for complete abolition of symptoms.

PMID- 682008
TI  - Development of cerebellar malignant astrocytoma at site of a medulloblastoma
      treated 11 years earlier. Case report.
AB  - A child treated for a desmoplastic medulloblastoma of the left cerebellar
      hemisphere at the age of 10 months developed a malignant astrocytoma in the same
      site 11 years later. Theories of origin of the second tumor, particularly in
      relation to concepts of the genesis of medulloblastoma in general, are discussed.

PMID- 682009
TI  - Basilar-middle meningeal arterial anastomosis. Case report.
AB  - A rare case of basilar-middle meningeal arterial anastomosis is reported.
      Pertinent literature is reviewed and an embryological explanation of this
      anastomosis is discussed.

PMID- 682010
TI  - Lipoma of the quadrigeminal plate causing progressive obstructive hydrocephalus.
      Case report.
AB  - A patient with congenital hydrocephalus and poor vision since early childhood,
      but with normal motor and intellectual development, suffered progressive mental
      deterioration during the last decade of life. At necropsy he was found to have
      severe hydrocephalus secondary to a lipoma of the midbrain tectum obstructing the
      aqueduct of Sylvius. In addition, the septum pellucidum was absent, the corpus
      callosum was thinned, and the anterior visual system was atrophic. The case
      emphasizes the importance of full neuroradiological investigation of congenital
      hydrocephalus. The possible association of intracranial lipoma with septo-optic
      dysplasia is discussed.

PMID- 682011
TI  - Infratentorial neuroepithelial cyst (colloid cyst). Case report.
AB  - An asymptomatic neuroepithelial cyst (colloid cyst) located in the leptomeninges
      between the inferior colliculus and the paravermal region of the superior
      cerebellum was an incidental postmortem finding. The cyst was lined by ciliated
      pseudostratified columnar epithelium of the respiratory tract type as lell as
      cuboidal epithelium of the ependymal type. Its developmental relationship to
      previously described colloid and paraphyseal cysts in the third ventricle is
      discussed.

PMID- 682012
TI  - Intracranial solitary chondroma. Case report.
AB  - A case of massive solitary intracranial chondroma involving the base of the skull
      in a 15-month-old baby boy was successfully treated by total excision. The
      diagnosis was greatly simplified by the us of computerized tomography, which
      materially helped in planning the surgical approach.

PMID- 682013
TI  - Eosinophilic granuloma of the base of the skull. Case report.
AB  - The authors present an unusual case of eosinophilic granuloma arising in the
      region of the foramen rotundum.

PMID- 682014
TI  - Use of cyanoacrylates.

PMID- 682015
TI  - Subgaleal shunt for ventricular and subdural drainage.

PMID- 682017
TI  - Coma scale.

PMID- 682016
TI  - Psychosurgery.

PMID- 682018
TI  - Gallium-67 scintigraphy in untreated and treated non-hodgkin lymphomas.
AB  - One hundred and seventy-four gallium scans of patients with biopsy-proved non
      Hodgkin lymphoma were reviewed. When the lymphomas were subdivided into
      histologic groups, there was a significant difference in detection rates, with
      62% of the histiocytic lymphomas being identified, while only 39% of the poorly
      differentiated lymphocytic lymphomas were detected. There was a high detection
      rate for lesions in the mediastinum and in extranodal locations. When analyzed
      with regard to therapy, the detection rate was higher in all histologic subgroups
      after therapy than before.

PMID- 682019
TI  - Ejection fraction by count rate from gated images.
AB  - Left-ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) was determined from ECG-gated images
      of the cardiac blood pool, by computing the relative change in net LV counts
      occurring in these images during systole. EFs obtained with this method gave
      satisfactory interobserver agreement in 20 studies reviewed by three independent
      observers (average r = 0.95) and also compared favorably with EFs obtained by
      contrast ventriculography in 39 patients (r = 0.92). The technique appears
      suitable for use in the evaluation of systolic function in patients with heart
      disease.

PMID- 682020
TI  - Femoral head activity in Perthes' disease: clinical evaluation of a quantitative
      technique for estimating tracer uptake.
AB  - A method for quantifying the uptake of Tc-99m-labeled phosphate complexes in the
      femoral head has been clinically evaluated, being used specifically for studying
      the uptake of these bone-seeking agents in Perthes' disease. The analysis depends
      on the selection, by computer program, of a reliable reference area in the
      femoral shaft, which is then compared with the mean uptake from each femoral
      head. The femoral-head activity is then represented as an uptake ratio. These
      ratios, together with a fixed contour representing the uptake in the femoral-head
      regions, provide more clinical information than the radiograph or scintiphoto,
      particularly in the early stages of unilateral or bilateral femoral-head disease
      and during followup. No correlation has been found between these ratios and
      qualitative techniques for assessing Perthes' disease by radiograph. From the
      quantitative data so far obtained it is clear that osteotomy reduces the
      vascularity of the femoral head, and in certain cases this reduction persists for
      some years. Tc-99m-labeled diphosphonate compounds were used in more recent
      studies, and a significant increase in sensitivity was obtained, compared with
      earlier polyphosphate data.

PMID- 682021
TI  - Comparison of In-111-labeled platelets and iodinated fibrinogen for the detection
      of deep vein thrombosis.
AB  - Indium-111-labeled platelets and I-125 fibrinogen were administered to dogs with
      experimentally induced deep-vein thrombosis. The thrombus uptake of both labeled
      compounds was studied as a function of thrombus age. In thrombi less than 24 hr
      old, thrombus-to-blood ratios for In-111 platelets were about twice as great as
      those obtained for I-125 fibrinogen. Excellent scintiphotos were obtained with In
      111 platelets. In thrombi older than 24 hr, uptake of both agents was low, but
      good images were still obtained with In-111 platelets. The images in this case
      are not of thrombi, but rather of damaged vessel wall. Indium-111-labeled
      platelets are superior to iodinated fibrinogen for imaging fresh thrombi, but
      offer no advantage for thrombi over 24 hr old.

PMID- 682022
TI  - Preparation of iodine-125-labeled insulin for radioimmunoassay: comparison of
      lactoperoxidase and chloramine-T iodination.
AB  - The enzymatic radioiodination of porcine insulin by a system consisting of
      lactoperoxidase, hydrogen peroxide, and Na125I was compared with a modified
      chloramine-T technique. Satisfactory specific activity of the labeled hormone was
      obtained with the enzymatic iodination, with much greater immunoreactivity and
      stability than after chloramine-T, besides being quite suitable for the
      measurement of low plasma insulin levels. There was a positive and highly
      significant correlation between the insulin concentrations measured with the two
      tracers, with the regression line defined by the equation: y (chloramine-T) =
      8.34 + 0.99 x (lactoperoxidase).

PMID- 682023
TI  - Accidental ingestion of Tc-99m in breast milk by a 10-week-old child.
AB  - Ten weeks after the birth of her first child by Caesarian section, a 27-year-old
      woman was admitted for evaluation of a possible central nervous system lesion.
      Four hours after i.v. administration of 15 mCi of Tc-99m for a brain scan, the
      patient breast-fed her infant; then became concerned about the possibility of
      radioactivity in her breast milk. Total body gamma-ray measurements of the infant
      indicated ingestion of 82.5 muCi Tc-99m (corrected for effective T 1/2), while
      ingestion calculated from gamma-ray measurements of serial milk samples was 75.6
      muCi. The single organ radiation dose for the thyroid as the critical organ was
      300 mRad, whereas that to the total body was 12 mRad (values derived from 82.5
      muCi determined by whole body counting). Had breast feeding been continued at 4
      hr intervals, the total ingested activity would have been 94.8 muCi giving the
      infant a dose of 380 mRad to the thyroid and 16 mRad to the whole body. Had the
      feeding been given 1/2-hr after injection 726 muCi would have been ingested,
      increasing the dose by a factor of 10.

PMID- 682024
TI  - Bone scintigraphy in scurvy.
AB  - Scintigraphic bone changes in two cases of scurvy are described, the cause being
      subperiosteal hematoma. Generalized increased uptake was shown in the affected
      femur at an early state of the disease. At a late stage, marked uptake both in
      the femoral shaft and surrounding tissue was seen causing scintigraphic
      appearance of widened ("club-shaped") femur.

PMID- 682025
TI  - Ga-67 and Fe-59 distributions in mice.
AB  - Tissue distributions of i.v.-injected Ga-67 citrate and [59Fe] ferric citrate
      were measured in normal mice and in lymphoid-tumor hosts. The study arose out of
      previously reported tissue-culture work showing marked transferrin stimulation of
      Ga-67 and Fe-59 uptakes by cultured cells from mouse lymphoid tumors. In vivo,
      however, no obvious correlation was found between Ga-67 and Fe-59 tissue
      distributions; indeed, Ga-67 showed high affinity for tumor tissue and low
      affinity for hemopoietic tissues, while for Fe-59 the reverse applied. Taken
      together, these comparisons of kinetics and distributions for Ga-67 and Fe-59
      suggest that a tissue's avidity for Ga-67 is strongly influenced by other factors
      besides the cell population's capacity for transferrin interactions.

PMID- 682026
TI  - Performance evaluations of recent wide field scintillation gamma cameras.
AB  - Performance characteristics of four recent wide field scintillation gamma cameras
      were evaluated for 140-keV gamma imaging. Parameters measured included intrinsic
      spatial resolution, energy resolution, uniformity and linearity distortion, and
      count-rate capability and its influence on the spatial resolution. The system
      performance of the cameras was compared with representative parallel-channel
      collimators in terms of spatial resolution and relative sensitivity. Visual
      imaging comparisons of each camera system were performed by taking images of
      Rollo phantom containing four different lesion sizes, with four different
      contrast ratios, for equal imaging time.

PMID- 682027
TI  - Subcutaneous isoproterenol: a convenient rat model for early detection of
      myocardial necrosis.
AB  - The uptake of Tc-99m pyrophosphate was studied in rat myocardial lesions produced
      by a single subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol (10--50 mg/kg of body
      weight). The uptake in the whole heart of treated rats is directly proportional
      to the isoproterenol dose. The Tc-99m PPi uptake measured at various times after
      lesion initiation parallels the myocardial calcium concentration changes. This
      model is useful for screening radiopharmaceuticals, and may also be suitable for
      studying early uptake in myocardial infarcts.

PMID- 682028
TI  - A simple way of obtaining a composite video output signal from the GAMMA-11
      computing system.
AB  - Many departments of nuclear medicine are currently using the GAMMA-11 computer to
      process clinical images. Often practitioners would like to display the output
      pictures on conventional cathode-ray monitors that they already have. Some may
      want to record the images on a video tape recorder. Both of these devices require
      a composite video signal, which the computer does not provide. Such a signal can
      be obtained, however, by combining two signals that the system does produce. A
      number of relatively complicated systems for doing this have been suggested. The
      desired result can be obtained, however, by using two ten-cent resistors in the
      simple circuit described in this paper.

PMID- 682029
TI  - A field procedure for the quantitative assessment of nuclear imaging cameras.
AB  - Techniques developed for the quantitative assessment of gamma cameras are
      described. The performance parameters discussed include energy resolution,
      intransic line spread function, uniformity, and extrinsic line spread function.
      In addition to describing the equipment used and indicating methods used in
      analyzing data, some of the potential problems in interfacing multichannel
      analyzers to gamma cameras are discussed.

PMID- 682030
TI  - Improved computer definition of regions of interest by using a double-cursor
      method.
AB  - In the computer analysis of radionuclide studies it is often necessary to define
      a region of interest (ROI) over an organ or part of an organ. The entire organ
      boundary is not always apparent on a single image. A method for combining the
      information from two images in entering the ROI has been developed. It is based
      on the use of a double cursor that moves simultaneously over both images.
      Programming was done using special FORTRAN-callable subroutines existing in our
      system for access to the display. The method is now in routine use for the
      definition of the left-ventricular ROI during processing of radionuclide cardiac
      studies.

PMID- 682031
TI  - Pulmonary physiology, pathology, and ventilation-perfusion studies.

PMID- 682032
TI  - Development of nonionic gamma-emitting radiopharmaceuticals for myocardial
      imaging.

PMID- 682033
TI  - Stomach artifact in bone scintigraphy.

PMID- 682034
TI  - Splenic accumulation of Tc-99m diphosphonate in thalassemia major.

PMID- 682035
TI  - The turnover of the two albumin components in a case of genetic slow-type
      bisalbuminemia.

PMID- 682036
TI  - The 90 degrees Compton scattering tomography of the lung.

PMID- 682037
TI  - Ultrasonic evaluation of the cranial theca thickness through the growth period in
      infancy and childhood.

PMID- 682038
TI  - Ultrasonographic study of brain mantle in children: a new approach.

PMID- 682039
TI  - Metabolism of 125I-hGH in uremia and the effect of dialytic treatment.

PMID- 682040
TI  - A chromatographic method for the determination of uric acid turnover in man.

PMID- 682041
TI  - Body water compartments and exchangeable body sodium in hypothyroidism.

PMID- 682042
TI  - Diaphragmatic herniation of spleen demonstrated by scintiscanning.

PMID- 682043
TI  - The effect of dietary pectin on lipid composition of blood, skeletal muscle and
      internal organs of rats.

PMID- 682044
TI  - The effects of meal-feeding at different times of the day on daily changes in
      serum insulin, gastrin and liver enzymes in the rat.
AB  - Restricted feeding at two distinct times of the day was associated with different
      adaptive responses in rats. Animals meal-fed from 1400 to 1800 hours for 6 days
      demonstrated feeding-cued circadian rhythms in liver weight and in liver
      transaminase and lactic dehydrogenase enzyme activities. Daily fluctuations in
      the levels of blood immunoreactive insulin and gastrin were also found to be cued
      by food intake. By comparison, rats fed from 0700 to 1100 hours for 6 days
      exhibited altered liver function and blood immunoreactive gastrin patterns. It is
      suggested that meal-feeding in rats is associated with certain adaptive responses
      which are dependent upon the timing of the meal. The observed metabolic
      alterations consequent to meal-feeding are much more apparent in morning-fed than
      in afternoon-fed animals.

PMID- 682045
TI  - Effects of essential amino acid deficiencies on syngeneic tumor immunity and
      carcinogenesis in mice.
AB  - The present study was designed to evaluate in a syngeneic system the longterm
      effect of dietary reduction of each of three essential amino acids on
      carcinogenesis with methylcholanthrene (MCA) and immunity to a transplanted MCA
      tumor. Inbred mice were provided a standard amino acid diet or a diet deficient
      in isoleucine, leucine, or phenylalanine-tyrosine. In the carcinogenesis
      experiment, MCA pellets were implanted in each mouse and weekly records were
      maintained of body weight, tumor incidence, tumor size, and death rate. Mice in
      the immunity study were inoculated with syngeneic tumor cells; tumors were
      excised when the largest tumor in the control group reached 12 mm and each animal
      then received a second challenge of tumor cells. The available data suggest that
      (1) restriction of the selected amino acids does not inhibit chemical
      carcinogenesis with MCA, (2) phenylalanine-tyrosine deficiency may actually
      enhance chemical carcinogenesis with MCA, and (3) selected essential amino acid
      deficiencies do not enhance immunity to a transplanted MCA tumor.

PMID- 682046
TI  - Relationship of level and type of dietary fat to fetal and maternal rat
      lipogenesis and lipid deposition.
AB  - Pregnant rats were pair-fed isoenergetic diets with varying fat content and
      varying fatty acid compositions to determine if manipulation of the maternal diet
      would affect fetal lipid metabolism. A mixture of tallow and lard replaced
      cornstarch on an equal-energy basis so that fat supplied 5 to 65% of the
      metabolizable energy. Fat content of the maternal diet did not affect fetal
      weight or fetal body composition. No differences in fetal liver fatty acid
      synthetase (FAS), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activities or rate of
      in vivo fatty acid synthesis were noted. In vivo fatty acid synthesis was greater
      in fetal liver than maternal liver. Dietary manipulation did not affect in vivo
      fatty acid synthesis in either fetal or maternal liver. Maternal liver FAS and
      G6PD activities were generally greater than fetal liver FAS and G6PD activities.
      These enzyme activities were decreased in maternal livers when the high-fat diet
      was fed. A sudden decrease in food consumption 24 hours before killing may
      explain the apparent inconsistencies in enzyme activities and fatty acid
      synthesis rates. The results of this study indicate that the level of fat in the
      maternal diet has no effect on the amount of lipid accumulated in fetal tissues
      or fetal lipogenesis.

PMID- 682047
TI  - An interaction between zinc and vitamin A in pregnant and fetal rats.
AB  - A possible interaction between zinc and vitamin A metabolism was studied in
      pregnant rats. Rats were depleted of vitamin A by feeding retinoic acid during
      growth. At mating, they were fed diets containing 100, 9, or 0.5 microgram/g zinc
      and were given orally 400, 8, or 0 microgram/kg body weight/day of retinyl
      palmitate. Low intake of zinc, but not of vitamin A, caused maternal body weight
      gain, placental weight, and fetal weight all to be low. The number of
      implantation sites affected and the proportion of fetuses malformed were
      dependent on intake of both zinc and vitamin A, and there was a significant
      interaction between these nutrients in regard to both of these parameters. In
      maternal as well as in fetal animals, plasma and liver zinc concentrations were
      low in groups fed low levels of zinc, but not in those given low vitamin A. Liver
      vitamin A values were affected by vitamin A intake but not by dietary zinc
      concentration. However, plasma vitamin A concentration in both maternal and fetal
      animals was significantly reduced by low intake of either zinc or vitamin A.
      There was a significant interaction between these two nutrients in regard to
      plasma vitamin A. These data indicate an interaction between zinc and vitamin A
      metabolism possibly at the level of vitamin A mobilization from the liver.

PMID- 682048
TI  - Zinc, nitrogen, copper, iron, and manganese balance in adolescent females fed two
      levels of zinc.
AB  - The effect of feeding two different levels of zinc (Diet Z11.5 and Diet Z14.7) on
      zinc, nitrogen, copper, iron, and manganese balances was determined in 11 girls,
      12.5 to 14.2 years, during a 30-day period. Diet Z11.5 provided 11.32 or 11.64 mg
      zinc daily, levels similar to that determined previously to be consumed by
      average adolescent females. Diet Z14.7 provided 14.52 or 14.84 mg zinc daily.
      These levels were just slightly less than the Recommended Dietary Allowance for
      zinc. When fed Diet Z14.7, subjects lost significantly more zinc in their feces
      than when fed Diet Z11.5. Regression analyses were applied to the zinc balance
      data from this study and a previous study with adolescent females. By
      extrapolation, a dietary intake of 11 mg zinc daily was estimated to compensate
      for fecal and urinary zinc losses of the average girl in these studies. The
      standard error of the estimate was 2.18 mg zinc daily. Nitrogen excretion and
      retention were unaffected by the variations in zinc intake. Copper excretion in
      the feces was significantly increased when subjects were fed Diet Z14.7 rather
      than Diet Z11.5. Manganese and iron fecal losses were also significantly
      correlated to zinc fecal losses.

PMID- 682049
TI  - Enzyme overshoot in starved-refed rats: role of the adrenal glucocorticoid.
AB  - Intact and adrenalectomized (ADX) rats were starved for 48 hours and refed a 65%
      glucose diet for 48 hours. Isotonic saline or 8 azaguanine (8AZ) and/or
      glucocorticoid was administered to the animals during the refeeding period. The
      typical enzyme overshoot response to refeeding was observed in the intact rats
      and in the ADX rats given hormone replacement. No overshoot was observed in ADX
      rats without hormone replacement or in the intact or in hormone treated ADX rats
      injected with 8AZ. These results suggest that glucocorticoid is involved in the
      genesis of the enzyme overshoot response to starvation-refeeding, perhaps through
      an effect on de novo RNA synthesis.

PMID- 682050
TI  - Taurine deficiency in the kitten: exchange and turnover of [35S] taurine in
      brain, retina, and other tissues.
AB  - Kittens fed a purified diet containing partially-purified casein as the source of
      protein become taurine-deficient and develop retinal degeneration. The present
      studies report the exchange and turnover of taurine in different areas of brain,
      retina and other tissues and fluids of control and taurine-deficient kittens. The
      various tissues and fluids have different rates of exchange and different half
      lives of taurine; taurine deficiency causes a range of changes in these
      parameters. Generally, tissues and fluids from taurine-deficient kittens
      accumulated more [35S] taurine and had a longer half-life of taurine than tissues
      and fluids from control kittens. Nine areas of brain were studied and, of these
      areas, olfactory bulb had the greatest concentration of taurine. Olfactory bulb
      resisted taurine depletion to a greater extent than other areas; and, in contrast
      to other areas of brain, in taurine-deficient kittens, it accumulated [35S]
      taurine for most of the experiment. Retina resisted taurine depletion and, in
      taurine-deficient kittens but not in control kittens, it accumulated [35S]
      taurine throughout the experiment. The amount of taurine conjugated to bile acids
      was unchanged by the taurine depletion, but the kinetic behavior was altered and
      was similar to that of retina. The results provide support for the suggestion
      that, in the kitten at least, taurine is most important for the functions of bile
      and retina and that taurine depletion affects retina before bile. Taurine may
      have special importance in olfactory bulb but not necessarily in other regions of
      brain.

PMID- 682051
TI  - "Effects of heat and pressure processing on the relative biological value of
      selected dietary supplemental inorganic iron salts as determined by chick
      hemoglobin repletion assay".

PMID- 682052
TI  - Effects of high fat and high carbohydrate diets on the body composition and
      oxygen consumption of ob/ob mice.

PMID- 682053
TI  - Calcium-binding protein and kidney 25-hydroxycholecalciferol-1-hydroxylase
      activity in turkey poults.
AB  - A vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein (CaBP) has been found in the
      intestinal mucosa of turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo). This protein is similar, if
      not identical, to the corresponding one found in the intestine of the chicken
      (Gallus domesticus). The concentration of intestinal CaBP in the intestine of
      cholecalciferol-fed turkey poults was twice that found in the intestine of the
      domestic chicken of parallel age. Dietary calcium or phosphorus restriction
      resulted in a significant increase in intestinal CaBP. This increase was less
      pronounced than that obtained in chickens. The relationship between duodenal CaBP
      and dietary calcium appears to be linear. Cholecalciferol (vitamin D) deficiency
      or dietary calcium, but not phosphorus, restriction resulted in an increase of
      kidney 25 hydroxycholecalciferol-1-hydroxylase activity in vitro. The values of
      activity obtained in turkeys were higher than those obtained under the same
      experimental conditions in chicks. Bone ash was reduced by dietary calcium,
      phosphorus or cholecalciferol restriction. Plasma inorganic phosphorus was lower
      in either cholecalciferol- or phosphorus-restricted turkeys. Plasma calcium was
      significantly higher in the phosphorus-restricted turkeys than in the calcium
      restricted or control turkeys.

PMID- 682054
TI  - Dietary niacin requirements for channel catfish.
AB  - Channel catfish fingerlings were fed purified diets containing five levels (0,
      25, 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg) and six levels (0, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg) of
      supplemental niacin in 20 and 12 weeks feeding studies, respectively. The dietary
      niacin level required to provide maximal growth in rapidly growing channel
      catfish fingerlings was found to be approximately 14 mg/kg of diet. Fish fed
      unsupplemented diets (niacin content of 1.6 mg/kg diet) demonstrated poor growth,
      anemia, skin and fin lesions and hemorrhages, exophthalmia and total mortality in
      20 weeks. Mortality and gross deficiency signs were prevented by 11.6 mg
      niacin/kg diet and anemia was prevented by 6.6 mg/kg. No histological
      abnormalities were observed in the heart, hepatopancreas, kidney, lateral muscle,
      gastrointestinal tract and gill tissues of deficient fish.

PMID- 682055
TI  - Riboflavin requirement of channel catfish fingerlings.
AB  - Channel catfish fingerlings were fed purified diets containing five levels (0,
      20, 40, 80, and 120 mg/kg) and six levels (0, 3, 8, 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg) of
      riboflavin in separate 20 and 12 week feeding studies. The dietary riboflavin
      level required to provide maximal growth in channel catfish fingerlings was found
      to be approximately 9 mg/kg of diet. All fish fed unsupplemented diets
      (riboflavin content less than 0.1 mg/kg diet) demonstrated a short body dwarfism
      which was the result of arrested longitudinal growth of the vertebrae. This
      abnormality did not occur in groups fed 3 mg/kg or higher levels of riboflavin.
      No histological abnormalities were recognized in the liver, kidney, lateral
      muscle, gastrointestinal tract, gills, or bones of deficient fish.

PMID- 682056
TI  - Effects of proteins and their corresponding amino acid mixtures on nitrogen
      balance and body composition in the growing rat.
AB  - The efficiencies of nitrogen utilization from intact proteins (casein, gluten,
      soybean, egg albumin) were compared to that of the respective synthetic amino
      acid mixtures. Food intake, growth, NER (nitrogen efficiency ratio), (Nitrogen
      retained/Nitrogen intake) X 100, BV (biological value), TD (true digestibility),
      liver weight and body composition were estimated on growing rats. Rats fed amino
      acid mixtures simulating casein, egg albumin and soybean consumed more food and
      showed more rapid growth than rats fed the intact proteins. Differences in
      nitrogen utilization and body composition were occasionally observed between the
      respective intact protein and amino acid mixtures but were in most cases not
      significant. It is concluded that nutrition with intact proteins cannot be
      assumed to be equivalent to nutrition with the corresponding amino acid mixture.
      However, general differences between the two types of feeding regimens were not
      obvious since the results were influenced by factors such as the amino acid
      composition of the protein and the amino acid mixture as well as the methodology
      used for nutritional evaluation. (Nitrogen retained/Nitrogen intake) X 100 and BV
      but not NER of an amino acid mixture formulated according to a commercial
      elementary diet was found to be low compared to casein.

PMID- 682057
TI  - Effects of a protein deprived diet on the hepatotoxicity, and the DNA synthetic,
      mitogenic, and immunological actions of microbial lipopolysaccharides in the rat.
AB  - Rats fed an 18% casein (Cs) or a protein deprived diet (PD) for 8 weeks received
      injections of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in both hind foot pads.
      While these injections were tolerated in Cs rats, about 50% of PD rats died after
      1 or 2 days as a result of a massive necrosis of the liver. To a large extent
      these lesions were prevented by cortisone. Three days after injection of LPS, Cs
      rats exhibited a hypertrophy of the popliteal lymph nodes (PLN) and spleen, as
      well as a drastic increase in DNA synthesis in DNA synthesis in the PLN. Mitotic
      indices did not increase. The DNA synthetic responses to PLN in the surviving PD
      rats were much lower than in Cs animals, but a sharp rise in DNA synthesis and
      mitotic activity occurred in the spleen. The comparison with the effects of LPS
      in cortisone-treated rats showed that both cortisone-sensitive and -resistant
      cells participated in PLN activation in rats fed both diets, but that only
      cortisone-resistant lymphocytes entered mitosis in the spleens of PD rats. LPS
      also provoked a sharp drop in both DNA synthesis and mitosis in the thymus,
      probably due to a stress effect, since only cortisone-sensitive thymocytes were
      involved. In a second experimental series, immunological tests (Rosette-forming
      cells, Plaque-forming cells, serum hemagglutinin titers) were performed 7 days
      after intraperitoneal injection of LPS. The responses were not significantly
      different in Cs and PD rats. This is in contrast with the protein deficiency
      induced depression of thymus-dependent humoral immunity.

PMID- 682058
TI  - Influence of dietary protein concentration upon energy utilization in mice fed
      diets containing varying levels of fat and carbohydrate.

PMID- 682059
TI  - The effect of dietary protein restriction on serum thyroxine levels of pregnant
      or growing swine.

PMID- 682060
TI  - Schistosoma mekongi sp. n. from man and animals, compared with four geographic
      strains of Schistosoma japonicum.
AB  - Schistosoma mekongi sp. n. is described from man and animals in Cambodia. It is
      compared to 4 geographic strains of Schistosoma japonicum. It differs from S.
      japonicum in the size of embryonated eggs, in the length of the prepatent peroid
      in the mammalian host, and in its utilization of a different snail host. The
      relative usefulness of conventional morphologic criteria in the differentiation
      of Asian schistosomes is discussed.

PMID- 682061
TI  - Changes in tegumental surface during development of Schistosoma mansoni.
AB  - The tegumental surface of immature Schistosoma mansoni was studied with the
      scanning electron microscope. The surfaces of immature males and females bear no
      resemblance to that of adult worms and are characterized by having many
      tegumental folds. The tegumental surfaces of immature males and females are
      similar, and the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the male are similar before
      formation of the gynecophoral canal. Transition of the tegumental surface from
      the juvenile to the adult form begins after worms are in copula and have grown to
      several millimeters in length.

PMID- 682062
TI  - Parasitism as a factor (?) in single strandings of southern California cetaceans.
AB  - From 1970 to 1976 a total of 91 cetaceans was examined for parasites and
      associated pathology. Sixty of the animals were found stranded along a 100-mile
      section of southern California coastline while 31 were taken at sea. Parasites
      from 5 species of cetaceans are reported along with their possible role as a
      contributing factor in stranding behavior.

PMID- 682063
TI  - Studies on the reproductive system of Philophthalmus gralli using techniques of
      transplantation and autoradiography.
AB  - Adult Philophthalmus gralli exposed in vitro to 3H-thymidine for 6 hr showed
      label on autoradiograms over actively dividing cells in the testes, ovary, and
      vitellaria. In worms transplanted to chicks, oogonia became primary oocytes
      within 4 days and these were first found enclosed in newly formed eggs by 12
      days. Tertiary spermatogonia at the periphery of the testes developed into sperm
      by 144 hr and were found in the serminal vesicle by 168 hr. Vitelline cells
      required 96 hr to travel from gland areas to become incorporated into eggs. In
      adults labeled in vitro for 1 hr with 3H-tyrosine and transplanted singly to
      chicks, only 2 of 28 self-inseminated. Labeled worms transplanted with unlabeled
      worms never self-inseminated but cross-inseminated with approximately 40% of the
      available worms. Transplanted worms localized in the chick's orbit in 3
      microhabitats. In only 1 of 21 experiments did a labeled worm inseminate
      unlabeled worms outside of the microhabitat where it was found.

PMID- 682064
TI  - Immunoglobulins on the surfaces of tetrathyridia of Mesocestoides corti Hoeppli
      1925 (Cestoda), from laboratory infections of ICR mice.
AB  - 7Sgamma2b antibody was detected, by fluorescein labeled antibodies, on the body
      surfaces and wall of excretory bladder of tetrathyridia of M. corti removed from
      the peritoneums of 5--24-week laboratory infections of ICR/TIMCO mice. 7Sgamma1,
      7Sgamma2a, 7Sgamma3, IgM, IgA, and C3 were not found by use of the same
      techniques. Tetrathyridia maintained in culture medium to which pooled normal
      mouse, infected mouse, and horse (control) serums containing all known classes
      and subclasses of immunoglobulins had been added showed only mouse 7Sgamma2b on
      their surfaces and wall of the excretory bladder, and then only when incubated in
      pooled serum from infected mice. No other mouse immunoglobulin classes or
      subclasses were found attached to the worms, nor was any reaction obtained from
      tetrathyridia incubated in culture medium alone, normal mouse serum, or horse
      serum. This suggests a highly selective nonspecific absorption of 7Sgamma2b, or
      more likely demonstrates the specificity of the antibody for the parasite
      surfaces and wall of the excretory bladder. The possibility that 7Sgamma2b may be
      acting in an enhanceing mode is discussed.

PMID- 682065
TI  - Studies on sylvatic echinococcosis. V. Factors influencing prevalence of
      Echinococcus multilocularis Leuckart 1863, in red foxes from North Dakota, 1965-
      1972.
AB  - A total of 1,153 red foxes, Vulpes vulpes, was examined for strobilae of
      Echinococcus multilocularis from 2 geographic regions in North Dakota during 1965
      through 1972. Echinococcus multilocularis was found in 184 (16%) of these foxes.
      The data including date and location of collection, age and sex of the host, and
      presence or absence of the cestode were used to assess the relative influence of
      collection interval (sampling period), climatic season, geographic location, and
      age and sex of the host on the prevalence of the adult cestode. The rate of
      infection varied significantly with collection interval, which was probably
      attributable to annual changes in the overall environment. Seasonally, the
      highest prevalences were observed during summer (32.4%) followed by spring
      (25.3%), autumn (13.7%) and winter (6.4%). Differences in prevalence between
      adult and juvenile foxes and that between male and female foxes were not
      significant. A 3-factor analysis of variance showed the order of importance of
      the significant variables to be collection interval, season, and the interaction
      of collection interval and season. A 4-factor ANOVA, which in addition to the
      above variables included geographic location, showed that the collection interval
      location interaction had significant effects on prevalence. Also, evidence is
      presented that suggests that density of the definitive host may in part be
      responsible for annual fluctuation in prevalence.

PMID- 682066
TI  - Modification of immune competence by parasitic infections. I. Responses to
      mitogens and antigens in mice treated with Trichinella spiralis extract.
AB  - Spleen cells from mice pretreated with a Trichinella spiralis extract (TsE-mice)
      showed severe depression of the response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and to
      concanavalin A (Con A), slight depression to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and normal
      response to tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) as compared to saline
      pretreated controls. Mice pretreated with bovine serum albumin (BSA-mice)
      revealed greatly reduced responses to LPS, somewhat reduced response to Con A,
      and normal responses to PHA and to PPD. Only TsE-mice showed significant
      reduction in the number of rosette-forming cells and of direct and indirect
      plaque-forming cells (DPFC and IPFC). BSA-mice exhibited some reduction of the
      DPFC only. Direct hemagglutinating (HA) titers were equivalent in the 3 groups
      after immunization with sheep erythrocytes but facilitated HA titers were
      depressed in TsE-mice. The total number and the number of viable cells were
      similar in the spleens of all animals. TsE treatment causes a reduction in the
      number of T1 lymphocytes and an inhibition of the late differentiation of B cells
      in the spleen. Suppressor T-cells apparently play a major but not exclusive role
      in T. spiralis-induced nonspecific immunodepression.

PMID- 682067
TI  - Immunization of pigs against experimental Ascaris suum infection by feeding
      ultraviolet-attenuated eggs.
AB  - Pigs fed Ascaris suum eggs attenuated by short-wave ultraviolet radiation
      developed a resistance to challenge infections that varied according to the
      protocols used. Two doses of eggs irradiated at total exposures (ET) of 150 muW
      min/cm2 resulted in a reduction of adult worm burden in 3 groups challenged with
      50, 100, or 500 eggs by 45, 35, and 49%, respectively. However, these results
      were not statistically significant (P greater than 0.05). Three other groups were
      fed eggs as follows: Group 1, 3 doses irridated at ET's of 150, 150 and 150;
      Group 2, 3 doses irradiated at ET's of 150, 150, 100; and Group 3, 3 doses
      irradiated at ET's of 150, 100, and 75. All of these regimens provided
      significant protection: Group 1 (P less than 0.02), Group 2 (P less than 0.05),
      Group 3 (P less than 0.001). An analysis of the lengths of worms recovered showed
      that in controls fed varying doses of eggs, worm sizes were inversely related to
      the number of eggs in the challenge dose. Measurements of worms from vaccinated
      animals showed that 23 of 116 adult worms recovered were probably survivors of
      one or more of the vaccinating doses. A ratio of 18 female to 5 male worms
      indicated that males are more susceptible to ultraviolet radiation than females.

PMID- 682068
TI  - Corollostrongylus hypsiprymnodontis gen. et sp. n. (Nematoda: Strongylidae) from
      the rat-kangaroo, Hypsiprymnodon moschatus (Marsupialia).
AB  - Corollostrongylus hypsiprymnodontis (Nematoda: Strongylidae) is described from
      the intestine of the Musk rat-kangaroo, Hypsiprymnodon moschatus Ramsay 1876,
      from Atherton, Queensland, Australia. The new genus is distinguished from other
      genera of the Strongylidae by the dorsal deviation of the head, the oval mouth
      opening, and the dorsal ray which given off 2 small lateral branches before
      dividing into 2 long parallel rays.

PMID- 682069
TI  - Methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase and reductase activity in normal and
      Brugia pahangi-infected Aedes aegypti.

PMID- 682070
TI  - Extraintestinal stages fo Isospora ohioensis from dogs in mice.
AB  - The development of Isospora ohioensis was studied in mice by feeding tissues of
      mice inoculated with oocysts to coccidia-free dogs and by the examination of
      mesenteric lymph nodes using light and electron microscopes. Extraintestinal
      organs of mice became infectious to dogs within 1 day after ingesting oocysts and
      remained infectious for at least 211 days after inoculation (DAI). Isospora
      ohioensis sporozoites were found in lymphoreticular cells of mesenteric lymph
      nodes of mice from 1-374 DAI. Intracellular sporozoites were located in
      parasitophorous vacuoles. Sporozoites grew from 5--6 to 11--16 micron in length
      on the 39th DAI but never lost the 2 crytalloid bodies typical for coccidian
      sporozoites. PAS-positive granules accumulated gradually in intracellular
      sporozoites with duration of infection in mice. The appearance of parasitophorous
      vacuoles varied with duration of infection. Beginning with 7 DAI, the vacuole
      contained a marginal zone of electron-dense material (up to 0.8 micron wide),
      giving the appearance of a cyst wall or sheath under the light microscope; a true
      cyst wall was was not found.

PMID- 682071
TI  - Kidney capillarid in the Formosan mongoose.

PMID- 682073
TI  - Theological implications of parasitism.

PMID- 682072
TI  - Chemosterilization of Dermacentor variabilis Say (Acari: Ixodidae). I. Effects of
      metepa on the cytology and fertility of males treated as unfed adults.
AB  - The effects of metepa on the cytology and fertility of male Dermacentor
      variabilis treated as unfed adults are determined. Evidence of cellular damage is
      found in testicular areas where actively dividing cells and some enlarging
      spermatocytes are found. The amount of cellular damage correlates positively to
      the concentration of the chemosterilant and results in decreases numbers of
      spermatids. In crosses of treated males to untreated females, resulting egg
      masses hatch normally; however, the percentage of females producing egg masses
      that hatch is reduced.

PMID- 682074
TI  - Virulence of pathogenic free-living amebae.

PMID- 682075
TI  - Macromolecular composition and nuclear number during growth of Naegleria fowleri.

PMID- 682076
TI  - Snail host-like antigens associated with the surface membranes of Schistosoma
      mansoni miracidia.

PMID- 682077
TI  - The mode of action of hycanthone revisited.

PMID- 682078
TI  - Surface topography of Hymenolepis microstoma, the mouse bile duct tapeworm, as
      determined by scanning electron microscopy.

PMID- 682079
TI  - Congenital esophageal anomalies: a plea for using anatomic descriptions rather
      than classifications.

PMID- 682080
TI  - The value of circular myotomy for esophageal atresia.
AB  - The joining of widely separated proximal and distal esophageal segments in
      esophageal atresia remains a challenging problem. Livaditis introduced the
      operation of circular myotomy as an effective means of bridging such a wide gap.
      Three babies with esophageal atresia were successfully treated in this manner at
      the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, during the 1st 6 mo of 1976. No
      alterations in blood supply of the upper esophageal pouch were observed, and
      elongations of at least 1 cm per myotomy were obtained. No unusual postoperative
      radiographic observations were noted. Our small clinical experience suggests that
      circular myotomies aid in reducing long esophageal gaps in some infants with
      esophageal atresia, thus permitting primary esophageal anastomosis.

PMID- 682081
TI  - Congenital esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula in identical twins.
AB  - This is a report of the seventh case of esophageal atresia in both members of a
      pair of identical twins.

PMID- 682082
TI  - The flaccid trachea and tracheoesophageal congenital anomalies.
AB  - The patient with an esophageal atresia associated with a distal tracheoesophageal
      fistula, is often found to have an abnormally soft trachea. The use of contrast
      material as an aid in the diagnosis of this congenital anomaly demonstrates
      radiologically the compressive effect that a dilated and hypertrophied proximal
      esophageal pouch has on the trachea of the newborn. It is postulated that this
      chronic compressive force plays a part in retarding the development of the
      trachea during fetal life. The important decompressive effect of a distal
      tracheoesophageal fistula allowing nonphysiologic escape of lung fluid,
      supplements this effect. Attention is drawn to the fact that tracheal compression
      plays an important part in the respiratory distress seen in these patients, both
      before and after surgical correction of the tracheoesophageal anomaly.

PMID- 682083
TI  - A complication of continuous upper pouch suction in esophageal atresia.
AB  - The use of a plastic sump catheter for continuous suction of the blind upper
      pouch in esophageal atresia has been widely accepted since the method was first
      described. The following case illustrates a complication which resulted from the
      use of such a catheter, namely, perforation of the upper pouch.

PMID- 682084
TI  - An improved method for retaining retrieval line in children undergoing repeated
      esophageal dilatation.
AB  - Children undergoing repeated retrograde esophageal dilatation using gastrostomy
      introduced Tucker dilators must retain a retrieval line between dilations.
      Generally, the line is tied into a loop coursing through the esophageal lumen and
      exits at the gastrostomy and nose. This technique, while effective in maintaining
      the line in situ, is fraught with hazards of chronic erosion at both exits sites,
      with significant cosmetic deformity, necessitated by the taped external line and,
      in the pediatric age group, with frequent harassment by peers and siblings
      pulling the exposed line. We have modified this technique, leaving the line
      looped around the nasal septum with both ends extending down the esophagus into
      the stomach where they are tied to the tip of the gastrostomy catheter. This
      results in an almost completely internalized line that is protected, well
      tolerated, and easily retrieved for subsequent use with the dilators.

PMID- 682085
TI  - Unusual esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fissure.

PMID- 682086
TI  - Acquired tracheoesophageal fistula.
AB  - This is a case of an acquired tracheoesophageal fistula induced by a large
      foreign body in a 5-yr-old child. The foreign body, a large plastic ear from a
      doll, was lodged in the esophagus and its presence remained unknown for weeks,
      until tracheoesophageal fistula actually developed. The foreign body was removed
      endoscopically; after the child was given intravenous nutrition and the infection
      was brought under control, the communication was divided and repaired.

PMID- 682087
TI  - Endesophageal resection of short benign strictures of the esophagus.
AB  - A relatively simple operation for the treatment of short esophageal strictures
      that do not respond to dilatations has been described. This operation was
      successfully carried out at all levels of the esophagus. The strictures treated
      were caused by lye burns, peptic esophagitis and previous anastomoses.

PMID- 682088
TI  - Prognosis of uncorrected biliary atresia: an update.
AB  - In order to provide a baseline for comparison with the results of the Kasai
      hepatic portoenterostomy, follow-up information was obtained for 89 infants who
      underwent surgical exploration alone for biliary atresia from 1956 through 1975.
      Of these patients, one is apparently cured, one is alive with liver failure,
      three are lost to follow-up and 84 are dead. The rate of apparent cure among
      patients with follow-up was 1.1%. The average age at death was 12 mo, the mean 10
      mo. During this same period, nine patients were operated upon for neonatal
      biliary obstructions other than biliary atresia, and five are apparently cured.
      Reported apparent cure rates after the Kasai procedure or one of its variations,
      while not good, still compare favorably with the cure rate of unoperated
      patients.

PMID- 682089
TI  - Pathophysiology of aganglionic colon and anorectum: an experimental study on
      aganglionosis produced by a new method in the rat.

PMID- 682090
TI  - Serum and erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity in Hirschsprung's disease.
AB  - Acetylcholinesterase activity was measured in the serum and erythrocytes from 22
      children. The 12 patients in whom the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease was
      confirmed, had a significantly higher concentration of enzyme in both serum and
      erythrocytes than the 10 children in whom the diagnosis was excluded. This
      systemic manifestation, may prove of value in the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's
      disease.

PMID- 682091
TI  - Accuracy of the manometric diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease.
AB  - In a 3-yr period, 229 examinations were carried out in infants and children.
      These were sub-divided into five groups according to age. There were 10 false
      positive and 8 false negative results, an overall not unreasonable record of 7.8%
      errors. However, in the neonatal group, there were as many as 26% errors and thus
      the test in this group was considered to be highly inaccurate. The older the
      infant or child, the less errors in diagnosis occurred. Possible reasons for
      errors are pointed out and comparisons are made with other series.

PMID- 682092
TI  - Hirschsprung's enterocolitis, prostaglandins, and response to cholestyramine.
AB  - An infant with Hirschsprung's enterocolitis developed a fulminant secretory
      diarrhea unresponsive to all conventional therapy until cholestyramine was
      administered. A 12-fold decrease in prostaglandin E (PGE) levels in the colostomy
      fluid was documented in response to cholestyramine therapy. It is postulated that
      increased PGE activity, enterotoxin, and bile acid malabsorption may be involved
      in the enterocolitis of Hirschsprung's disease.

PMID- 682093
TI  - Ovarian teratomas in early childhood.
AB  - The ovary is second only to the sacroccygeal area as the commonest anatomic site
      for the occurrence of teratomas (including dermoid cysts) in infancy and
      childhood. While virtually all sacrococcygeal teratomas are present at birth or
      appear within the first 24 mo of life, ovarian teratomas are quite rare within
      the first 24 mo of life and seldom appear before 6 yr of age. Teratomas comprise
      half the surgically significant lesions of the ovary in infancy and childhood and
      carry a mean malignancy incidence of approximately 14% in this age group. Seven
      cases of ovarian teratoma in the first 2 yr of life have been reported. All of
      these have been seen in the second 12 mo of life. They differ from those
      occurring after 2 yr of age in the lesser incidence of abdominal pain, the higher
      incidence of an abdominal mass and the absence of reported malignancy.

PMID- 682094
TI  - Transcervical thymic biopsy in children with immunodeficiency.
AB  - To more fully characterize immunodeficiency states, thymic biopsies add useful
      information. The transcervical technique is simple and does not require a sternal
      splitting procedure. The thymus was much larger than anticipated in 12 of 12
      cases so far biopsied, including six cases of severe combined immunodeficiency. A
      sample of 2-3 gm was readily removed. A slight wound infection was encountered in
      only one instance; no generalized septic episode resulted.

PMID- 682095
TI  - Cystic fibrosis in a black infant: presentation with meconium ileus and volvulus.
AB  - This is a case report of meconium ileus complicated by intestinal volvulus and
      infarction in a black infant.

PMID- 682096
TI  - Hyperchloremic acidosis in an infant with imperforate anus and rectourethral
      fistula.
AB  - A case of hyperchloremic acidosis in an infant with imperforate anus and
      rectourethral fistula, showing lethargy, tachypnea, vomiting, and dehydration, is
      reported. Surgical correction by abdominoperineal pull-through and division of
      the rectourethral fistula was performed after doing a cystocutaneostomy to
      eliminate the diversion of urine into the rectum.

PMID- 682097
TI  - Transomental strangulation.
AB  - A case of transomental strangulation in an 8-yr-old boy is presented with a
      review of the pertinent literature. The clinical presentation was that of an
      intestinal obstruction. A gastrografin study indicated the necessity of immediate
      surgery. Etiologic aspects and nomenclature controversies are briefly discussed.

PMID- 682098
TI  - Positive evaluation of stressful experiences.
AB  - Two studies were conducted to test the hypothesis that the more stressful an
      experience is, the more positively it will be evaluated. Stressfulness was
      manipulated in the two studies by means of threat of shock, and both self-report
      and physiological measures of stress indicated that these manipulations were
      highly successful. In both studies subjects who were exposed to the more
      stressful situation evaluated their experience as significantly more worthwhile
      and somewhat more interesting than did subjects exposed to the less stressful
      situation. Furthermore, as expected, subjects did not like the high stress
      experience more than the low stress experience. Implications and qualifications
      of these findings are discussed.

PMID- 682099
TI  - The interactive effects of locus of control and situational stress upon
      performance accuracy and time.
AB  - The present paper sought to clarify the conceptual relationship between
      expectancy for personal control, stress, and behavioral reactions to stress.
      Expectancy for control was assessed as a personality characteristic of internal
      control; stress was experienced as strong environmental interruptions,
      disturbances and unpredictable obstacles encountered during the performance of
      assigned tasks. Subjects were junior high school aged students who attempted to
      complete three academic type tasks during one of two levels of stress or a base
      line, no stress, condition. Analyses of the data included: (a) internal subjects
      were capable of sustaining task performance under high stress, but external
      students experienced performance decrements as stress increased; (b) time to
      complete the mathematics task reflected a facilitating effect of stress for
      internals but a debilitating effect for externals; (c) performance differences
      between internal and external students, in the absence of differences in reported
      anxiety, could be attributed to the stronger reward expectancies possessed by the
      internal individual. Interpretation of the data suggested an interactive
      relationship between type of stress (threat to ego vs. threat to instrumental
      performance) and expectancy for control in the influencing of behavior reactions
      to stress.

PMID- 682100
TI  - The mechanisms underlying attributive projection.
AB  - The experiment investigated the validity of the cognitive dissonance reduction
      and stimulus generalization explanations of attributive projection. Subjects in a
      high dissonance condition were informed that they possessed considerable
      hostility (a negative trait), while those in a low dissonance condition were told
      that they possessed a great deal of assertiveness (a desirable trait). The
      dissonance mechanism received support in that (a) subjects' reports of their
      anxiety indicated that an ego threat was produced only in the high dissonance
      condition, as expected; and (b) hostility was projected onto others to a
      significantly greater degree than was assertiveness. The existence of only a weak
      relationship between degree of ego threat produced by the personality feedback
      and subsequent amount of projection, however, throws into question the validity
      of the hypothesized defensive function of projection. No support for the
      generalization mechanism was obtained since the subjects did not project a
      greater amount of either trait onto the similar targets (college students) than
      onto the relatively dissimilar targets  (middle-aged lawyers); possible reasons
      for this negative result were discussed, as well as suggestions for future
      research.

PMID- 682101
TI  - [Bioavailability of drug products and bioequivalence requirements (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 682102
TI  - [Biopharmaceutical studies on meprobamate tables formulation (author's transl].

PMID- 682103
TI  - [The influence of temperature on disintegration and dissolution time of tablets
      with a cellulose component as a binder (author's transl)].

PMID- 682104
TI  - [Water vapor permeability of coating materials. Part I: Influence of plasticizers
      and dispersed solid materials on the water vapor permeability of free cap films
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 682105
TI  - [Neurophysins].

PMID- 682106
TI  - [Diagnosis of lysosomal storage diseases by conjunctival biopsy].

PMID- 682107
TI  - [The importance of the renin-angiotensin system in normotensive and hypertensive
      persons].

PMID- 682108
TI  - [The physiologic and physiopathologic role of the renin-angiotensin system].

PMID- 682109
TI  - The effects of adrenergic stimulation on conductive and resistive segments of the
      coronary vascular bed.

PMID- 682110
TI  - Effect of autonomic neural blockade on verapamil-induced suppression of the
      accelerated ventricular escape beat in ouabain-treated dogs.
AB  - The effect of autonomic neural blockade on verapamil-induced suppression of the
      accelerated ventricular escape beat (AVE) was evaluated in anesthetized dogs
      pretreated with ouabain. Ouabain (53 +/- 2 microgram/kg, n = 45) was administered
      in divided doses until simultaneous electrical stimulation of the right atrium
      and ventricle triggered an AVE. The escape interval of the AVE was stable over a
      150-min time period in a group of control animals. Verapamil was infused (20
      microgram/kg/min) until the escape interval increased at least 50% or until the
      AVE was abolished. The total amount of verapamil in milligrams per kilogram that
      produced this effect was defined as the verapamil endpoint. The verapamil
      endpoint in vagotomized animals was not significantly different from a group of
      intact controls. In contrast, the verapamil endpoint in animals pretreated with
      propranolol, hexamethonium, guanethidine, bretylium or spinal section was
      significantly less than the control group. Propranolol, hexamethonium,
      guanethidine or spinal section alone increased the escape interval by a maximum
      of 12%. Infusion of norepinephrine in spinal animals treated with verapamil
      restored the AVE. These data indicate that sympathetic nerve activity contributes
      to the genesis of the AVE and antagonizes the antiarrhythmic effect of verapamil
      on the escape beat.

PMID- 682111
TI  - Histamine-induced negative inotropism: mediation by H1-receptors.
AB  - Histamine is known to enhance left ventricular contractility in the guinea-pig
      heart by interacting with H2-receptors. We have observed that when the H2
      receptor antagonists metiamide and cimetidine (3 X 10(-6) and 10(-5) M) block the
      positive inotropic effect of histamine, a negative inotropic effect is unmasked.
      This negative inotropic effect is independent of changes in rate or coronary
      flow, is mimicked by the selective histamine H1-receptor agonists,
      pyridylethylamine and thiazolylethylamine (0.3--30 microgram) and is abolished by
      the H1-receptor antagonist chlorpheniramine (10(-7) and 10(-6) M). Thus, the
      negative inotropic effect of histamine appears to be mediated by H1-receptors.
      Our results demonstrate that the inotropic response to histamine consists of two
      opposing components: an increase in contraction, mediated by H2-receptors, and a
      decrease in contraction, mediated by H1-receptors.

PMID- 682112
TI  - The effect of propranolol and its analogs on Ca++ transport by sarcoplasmic
      reticulum vesicles.
AB  - Vesicular fragments of sarcoplasmic reticulum were used as a model system to
      investigate the mechanism of propranolol inhibition on various steps of the Ca++
      transport cycle, It was found that Ca++-dependent transfer of ATP terminal
      phosphate to the sarcoplasmic reticulum protein and formation of the
      phosphorylated enzyme intermediate are not inhibited by propranolol
      concentrations effective on Ca++ transport. Rather, a specific step following
      enzyme phosphorylation and corresponding to Ca++ translocation across the
      membrane is primarily inhibited. The consequent hydrolysis of phosphorylated
      enzyme is then secondarily inhibited, while "Ca++ independent" ATP hydrolysis
      remains unchanged. Comparison of the relative potencies of several propranolol
      analogs yields similar patterns for Ca++ transport inhibition in sarcoplasmic
      reticulum vesicles and negative inotropic effects on cardiac muscle. These
      patterns are at variant with those displayed by these agents with respect to beta
      adrenergic blockade.

PMID- 682113
TI  - Electrically induced opiate-like inhibition of the guinea-pig ileum: cross
      tolerance to morphine.
AB  - The guinea-pig myenteric plexus-longitudinal muscle (MPLM) preparation
      electrically stimulated at 0.1 Hz is very sensitive to the inhibitory effects of
      opiates. We used this preparation to detect an inhibitory response (IR) which was
      produced by electrical stimulation at 5 to 20 Hz. The magnitude and duration of
      the IR are determined by the parameters of the stimulation, mainly by the
      frequency and duration of the period of stimulation. Maximal IR is obtained with
      symmetrical biphasic stimuli of 2 msec duration and supramaximal voltage at 20 Hz
      applied for a period of about 5 min. The IR is calcium-dependent, cannot be
      attenuated by washing and is mediated by several components. About 55 to 70% of
      the IR can be reversed by specific narcotic antagonists and therefore it is
      considered to be produced by the release of endorphins. There are at least two
      additional components, one small, adrenergic in nature, and a third one which has
      not been identified. The offset rate of the IR is measured in minutes, while
      enkephalin and human beta-endorphin have half-lives of 10 and 85 sec,
      respectively, after washing. This suggests that the endorphin that mediates the
      opiate component of the IR may be a different one with slower offset rates.
      Myenteric plexus-longitudinal muscle strips obtained from guinea pigs which were
      made tolerant to morphine by subcutaneous implantation of three pellets were
      cross-tolerant to the opiate component of the IR elicited by electrical
      stimulation.

PMID- 682114
TI  - Naltrexone, morphine and cocaine interactions in mice and rats.

PMID- 682115
TI  - Effect of drug or electrically induced tachyarrhythmias on the release of lactate
      dehydrogenase (LDH) in isolated perfused guinea-pig hearts. I. Comparison of the
      effects produced by ouabain, calcium, epinephrine and aconitine.

PMID- 682116
TI  - Tachyphylaxis to d-amphetamine: a reexamination of the phenomenon.
AB  - Single or multiple injections of d-amphetamine (10(-3)--10(0) mg/kg) were
      administered to rats, after which steady-state blood levels of drug were
      determined. After single injections of d-amphetamine, there was a linear
      relationship between amount of administered drug and steady-state blood level of
      drug. After multiple injections of d-amphetamine, steady-state blood levels of
      drug conformed to the equation D = Doe--kappaepsilont. An attempt was made to
      relate steady-state blood levels of drug to steady-state responses (e.g.,
      increase in blood pressure or heart rate). At steady-state, amphetamine-induced
      pressor responses were too small to be analyzed, but tachycardic responses were
      easily analyzed. It was found that steady-state heart rate responses were dose
      related to steady-state blood levels of drug. This was true regardless of whether
      d-amphetamine was administered once or repeatedly. The data indicate that, when
      tested in rats at sub-toxic doses, d-amphetamine does not evoke tachyphylaxis in
      relation to heart rate responses which are measured under steady-state
      conditions.

PMID- 682117
TI  - Specificity of a rat behavioral model for serotonin receptor activation.
AB  - Pharmacological stimulation of central serotonin (5-HT) receptors causes a
      behavioral syndrome characterized by simultaneous side-to-side head weaving or
      head tremor, forepaw padding and splayed hindlimbs. This syndrome has been
      proposed and used as a model for 5-HT receptor activity. Questions have been
      raised about the possible involvement of catecholamines. This study was designed
      to differentiate behavioral signs contributed by 5-HT from those that might be
      due to catecholamines. Depletion of catecholamines by alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine, or
      depletion of 5-HT by either p-chlorophenylalanine or 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine, did
      not prevent the syndrome caused by 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, a 5-HT
      receptor agonist. Pretreatment with methysergide, but not phenoxybenzamine or
      pimozide, prevented the syndrome caused by 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine.
      Conversely, 5-HT depletion prevented the syndrome caused by monoamine oxidase
      inhibitor and levodopa; behavioral response was restored in p-chlorophenylalanine
      pretreated rats by 5-hydroxytryptophan. Methysergide prevented the syndrome
      caused by monoamine oxidase inhibitor and levodopa, but phenoxybenzamine or
      pimozide did not. Intraventricular 5-HT or dopamine also caused the behavioral
      syndrome after monoamine oxidase inhibition. p-Chlorophenylalanine pretreatment
      prevented the syndrome caused by dopamine, but did not prevent the syndrome
      caused by 5-HT. Our results suggest that systemic levodopa or intraventricular
      dopamine produces the behavioral signs through 5-HT mechanisms; endogenous
      catecholamine mechanisms are not involved directly in either the cause or
      expression of the behavioral syndrome.

PMID- 682118
TI  - Effects of d-amphetamine and pentobarbital in combination with single or repeated
      daily injections of morphine in the pigeon.

PMID- 682119
TI  - Lead blockade of norepinephrine-induced inhibition of cerebellar Purkinje
      neurons.
AB  - Biochemical studies showing that lead (Pb++) inhibits cerebellar adenylate
      cyclase (IC50 = 2 micrometer) prompted us to test the effects of this cation on
      the depression of spontaneous discharge of Purkinje (P) cells produced by
      iontophoresis of norepinephrine (NE). Previous studies have suggested that the
      effects of NE on P cell discharge may be mediated by activation of a NE-sensitive
      adenylate cyclase. Iontophoresis of Pb++ in situ, and in cerebellar transplants
      in oculo, reliably antagonized NE responses in over 80% of the P cells studied in
      both preparations. Blockade was readily seen at iontophoretic currents of 5 to 10
      nA. Superfusion of PB++ (5--10 micrometer) into the anterior eye chamber also
      antagonized NE responses in P neurons of the transplant. Spontaneous discharge
      rate was either unaffected or slightly elevated at Pb++ levels that almost
      completely blocked NE. Barium, a heavy metal which does not inhibit adenylate
      cyclase in vitro, did not block NE effects. Stimulation of parallel fibers or
      iontophoresis of acetylcholine excited P cells. No antagonism was seen, however,
      between Pb++ and these acetylcholine or parallel fiber excitations. These results
      raise the possibility that blockade of brain catecholamine receptors may
      partially underlie the central nervous system toxicity seen with lead
      administration.

PMID- 682120
TI  - Evaluation of oral therapy of mansonial schistosomiasis in the Sudan using single
      and multiple doses of hycanthone and oxamniquine drugs.

PMID- 682121
TI  - Cytotoxic activity of mechlorethamine and melphalan against cultured tumor cells:
      potentiation by caffeine.

PMID- 682122
TI  - The binding of [3H]diazepam to rat brain homogenates.
AB  - A technique is described for the measurement of specific [3H]diazepam binding to
      subcellular fractions of rat brain. Binding occurred in fresh or hypotonically
      shocked, frozen and thawed preparations; was independent of the buffer used; and
      was concentrated in the synaptosomal fraction. The total binding capacity of
      crude brain homogenate was entirely recovered in the particulate fractions (P1,
      P2 and P3). Binding was saturable and reached 34 pmol/g of tissue; half-maximal
      binding (KD) occurred at 3.2 nM. Hill and Scatchard analysis indicated that the
      binding was noncooperative and to a single class of sites. Binding was time
      dependent and reversible; the bimolecular association constant (K1) was 1.13 .
      10(6) sec-1 M-1 and the first order dissociation constant (K-1) was 2.69 . 10(-3)
      sec-1. Binding was highest in cerebral cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum;
      intermediate in midbrain, hypothalamus, corpus striatum and medulla
      oblongata/pons; and lowest in spinal cord. Benzodiazepines inhibited binding of
      [3H]diazepam in a manner correlated with pharmacological activity in vivo, and
      binding was not inhibited by non-benzodiazepine anxiolytics, muscle relaxants,
      anticonvulsants or by strychnine and glycine. Distribution of [3H]diazepam
      binding in several regions of the rat central nervous system correlated with Na+
      independent binding of gamma-aminobutyric acid in the same regions. The results
      may be in accord with the possible involvement of gamma-aminobutyric acid in the
      mechanism of action of the benzodiazepines but provide no support for a mechanism
      based on the interaction of benzodiazepines with central glycine receptors.

PMID- 682123
TI  - The influence of indomethacin on the pharmacokinetics, diuretic response and
      hemodynamics of furosemide in the dog.
AB  - Indomethacin has the potential to interact with furosemide in a number of
      different fashions. We have investigated some of these possibilities in seven
      mongrel dogs that received furosemide (2 mg/kg i.v.). Plasma and urinary
      concentration of furosemide were measured by high performance liquid
      chromatography, diuretic response was assessed by urinary sodium excretion and
      renal blood flow and its distribution were estimated using the radioactive
      microsphere technique. Furosemide induced a prompt diuresis associated with a 50%
      increase in total renal blood flow. Intrarenal blood flow was preferentially
      increased in the inner cortical zones. Furosemide was rapidly eliminated with a
      renal clearance that was 35% of the total systemic clearance. Maximal sodium
      excretion was attained at plasma furosemide concentrations greater than 0.8
      microgram/ml; below this concentration there was a linear relationship between
      plasma concentration and rate of sodium excretion. The ratio of sodium/furosemide
      concentration in urine rose to a plateau, then remained constant. Indomethacin
      pretreatment inhibited the hemodynamic response to furosemide. In addition,
      indomethacin reduced the renal and extrarenal clearance of furosemide by
      approximately 30%, but did not change the proportion of unchanged drug excreted
      in the urine. Although the diuretic response for any given plasma concentration
      of furosemide was reduced, the ratio of urinary sodium/furosemide concentration
      was not changed by indomethacin. Since the amount of furosemide reaching the
      urine was not altered, the total diuretic response was not significantly affected
      by indomethacin. From these observations we conclude that indomethacin alters the
      pharmacokinetics of the disposition of furosemide and furosemide-induced renal
      hemodynamic changes. However, our data indicate that the response of the renal
      tubule to furosemide secreted into tubular fluid is not changed by indomethacin.

PMID- 682124
TI  - The effect of pregnancy on the metabolism of [14C]phenytoin in the isolated
      perfused rat liver.
AB  - The metabolism of [14C]phenytoin (DPH) was measured in isolated perfused livers
      from non-pregnant female rats and rats at 13, 15, 17, 19 and 21 days of
      gestation. The half-life of [14C]phenytoin in the perfusate was not significantly
      altered by pregnancy in livers perfused with 20% blood at 2 ml/min/g of liver but
      was increased from 38 min in control livers to 158 min in livers from rats at 21
      days of gestation when livers were perfused with 10% blood at 1 ml/min/g of
      liver. Secretion of the glucuronide conjugate of 5-[14C]phenyl-5-parahydroxy
      phenylhydantoin into the bile was markedly inhibited during the latter stages of
      pregnancy such that a 4-fold decrease in the cumulative secretion into the bile
      was present at 21 days of gestation. The bile/perfusate concentration ratio of
      the glucuronide after 30 min was 148 in control livers but decreased to 6 in
      livers from rats at 21 days gestation.

PMID- 682125
TI  - Meperidine pharmacokinetics in the maternal-fetal unit.

PMID- 682126
TI  - Long-term reduction of brain serotonin by p-chloroamphetamine: effects of
      inducers and inhibitors of drug metabolism.
AB  - The present experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that the long-term
      effects of p-chloroamphetamine (PCA) on serotonergic neurons in rats are mediated
      by a neurotoxic metabolite. The effects of well-known inducers and an inhibitor
      of hepatic microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes on the PCA-induced decreases in
      brain levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and tryptophan hydroxylase activity
      and the half-life of PCA in brain were examined. All of these modified the half
      life of PCA in a predictable manner: 3-methylcholanthrene and, to a much lesser
      extent, phenobarbital decreased the half-life of PCA while piperonyl butoxide
      markedly increased it. Fluoxetine, an inhibitor of 5-HT uptake, also increased
      the half-life of PCA in brain. In addition, fluoxetine blocked the long-term
      effects of PCA on 5-HT levels and tryptophan hydroxylase activity. Of the
      classical metabolic tools, only 3-methylcholanthrene provided complete protection
      from the long-term, neurotoxic effects of PCA. Although the mechanism of this
      protection is unknown, it is not mediated by a blockade of 5-HT uptake since 3
      methylcholanthrene did not decrease the synaptosomal uptake of 5-HT. Piperonyl
      butoxide pretreatment markedly increased the half-life of PCA in brain, but it
      failed to modify consistently the effects of PCA. The results indicate that the
      long-term, neurotoxic effects of PCA are not mediated by the major, hepatic
      metabolites of the drug, but leave open the possibility of a minor, neurotoxic
      metabolite.

PMID- 682127
TI  - Hydrolysis and metabolism of N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid in normal
      and pancreatic duct-ligated animals.
AB  - Hydrolysis and metabolism of N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid (Bz-ty
      PABA), a synthetic peptide used for the assessment of exocrine pancreatic
      function, were studied in normal and pancreatic duct-ligated rats and guinea
      pigs. Bz-ty-PABA was specifically cleaved by chymotrypsin to N-benzoyl-L-tyrosine
      and p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) in mucosal homogenates of the intestine. Both of
      the resultant products were rapidly absorbed and excreted in the urine after oral
      administration of two kinds of radioactive Bz-ty-PABA (Bz[14C] and PABA[14C]) to
      animals. The absorption rate was correlated to the intestinal chymotrypsin
      activity obtained from in vitro studies. Benzoic acid and p-acetaminobenzoic acid
      were predominant in the urine after dosages of Bz-ty-PABA with Bz[14C] and
      PABA[14C], respectively, in both species. Additionally, a small amount of
      unchanged form of Bz-ty-PABA was excreted in the urine and bile without being
      cleaved by chymotrypsin. These results and the study using intravenous injections
      suggest that the absorption of this intact peptide may be almost 10% of the dose.

PMID- 682129
TI  - Seminal excretion, vaginal absorption, distribution and whole blood kinetics of d
      methadone in the rabbit.
AB  - The disposition of 40 mg of d-methadone HCl was studied in New Zealand White
      rabbits. After an intravenous infusion to male rabbits, the beta phase half-life
      was 106 +/- 21 min and the apparent volume of distribution was 12.6 liters/kg
      b.w. After an i.m. injection, the peak drug concentration in arterial blood (1.02
      microgram/ml) occurred 10 min after the injection, whereas the peak concentration
      in semen (2.58 microgram/ml) occurred 140 min later. The semen/blood drug
      concentration ratio was 6.8 at 150 min after the injection. The concentration of
      d-methadone was measured in blood, spleen, liver, lung, prostate, seminal
      vesicle, testis and heart 130 minutes after an i.m. dose. All tissues had drug
      levels that exceeded the concentration in blood (0.42 microgram/ml). The
      concentrations in lung (33.5 microgram/g), kidney (15.2 microgram/g) and spleen
      (30.6 microgram/g) were particularly elevated. After intravaginal implantation, d
      methadone was rapidly absorbed into the systemic circulation of female rabbits;
      the peak drug level in blood (0.94 microgram/ml) occurred 60 min after drug
      administration.

PMID- 682128
TI  - The metabolic disposition of radiolabeled enkephalins in vitro and in situ.

PMID- 682130
TI  - A gradiometer for the study of magnetic fields generated by the human heart in a
      magnetically unshielded environment: preliminary results.

PMID- 682131
TI  - Pulmonary asbestosis with special reference to an epidemic at Hebden Bridge. The
      Milroy lecture, 1978.

PMID- 682132
TI  - Airline imported disease: a new community hazard.

PMID- 682133
TI  - The current status of immunisation.

PMID- 682134
TI  - Flushing.

PMID- 682135
TI  - Selection of medical students at McMaster University.

PMID- 682136
TI  - Nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Aetiological aspects and electronmicroscopic
      observations.

PMID- 682137
TI  - Perspectives in oncological surgery.

PMID- 682138
TI  - Source and sensitivity of bacteria in acute appendicitis in childhood.

PMID- 682139
TI  - Ectopic thymic tissue.

PMID- 682140
TI  - Haemangioma of thyroid with calcification.

PMID- 682141
TI  - The use of polyglycolic acid sutures to prevent vaginal vault granulations after
      total abdominal hysterectomy.

PMID- 682142
TI  - Chylous ascites: a complication of vagotomy.

PMID- 682143
TI  - Cysts of the spleen.

PMID- 682144
TI  - Case report of an interesting gun shot wound.

PMID- 682146
TI  - Principal components analysis: a diagnostic aid in nuclear medicine.

PMID- 682145
TI  - Dietary refined carbohydrate and urinary mineral excretion.

PMID- 682147
TI  - The effect of hypercapnia on ventilation in nuclear submariners.

PMID- 682148
TI  - Elevation of hand and forearm injuries - a useful sling.

PMID- 682149
TI  - Impressions of the Yemen.

PMID- 682150
TI  - A five year study of surgical wound infection.

PMID- 682151
TI  - Hypertension and alcoholism.

PMID- 682152
TI  - A radiological follow-up study of the effect of asbestos in dockyard workers at
      Devonport.

PMID- 682153
TI  - A survey of ethnic and sociocultural issues in medical school education.
AB  - A survey of 113 medical schools was conducted to determine whether sociocultural
      issues in the treatment of minority group patients were dealt with in their
      curricula. The inclusion of factors such as different value systems, attitudes,
      early experiences, and economic and ethnic backgrounds and their influence upon
      the delivery of health care services to minority groups was found to be minimal.
      The variables which appeared to facilitate ethnic and sociocultural courses in
      medical education are contrasted with those which result in exclusion of this
      information from the curricula. These findings emphasize the need for a greater
      commitment to offering such courses.

PMID- 682154
TI  - Equal educational opportunity programs in American medical schools.
AB  - In the four-year period 1968 to 1972 most medical schools in the United States
      initiated programs to increase the enrollment of selected minority group
      students. Their number increased sixfold in Caucasian-dominated medical schools
      during these years, and the enrollment of such students rose from 1 to 5.3
      percent of the total undergraduate population, with the impetus for this policy
      originating from within the schools. All schools recruited applicants from among
      the minority races, and two-thirds of the schools altered their admission
      procedures, often so as to permit minority group participation in the selection
      process. Schools which modified their procedures in this manner had the highest
      proportions of these students. Three-fourths of the schools changed their
      admission criteria, and most of them provided special tutoring and other academic
      support. Ninety percent of the schools evaluated their programs as at least
      somewhat successful.

PMID- 682155
TI  - Survey of graduates of a traditionally black college of medicine.
AB  - Over 700 Howard University medical alumni of seven representative classes
      graduating from 1955 to 1975 were surveyed by questionnaire in 1975-76. Replies
      of the 311 respondents confirm that this college of medicine has trained a
      substantial number of physicians who are providing care to blacks, the
      economically disadvantaged, and residents of inner city areas. Survey findings
      may also be useful in reaffirming the necessity for training more minority
      physicians, assessing the impact which the increasing number of minority
      physicians will have on health care delivery in this country, and suggesting the
      probable practice patterns of future minority graduates of U.S. medical schools.

PMID- 682156
TI  - Recruitment and retention program for minority and disadvantaged students.
AB  - Attracting ethnic minority and disadvantaged students to health careers and
      facilitating their successful completion of training program requirements have
      been major activities of the University of Colorado Medical Center since 1969. As
      a result of extensive college campus recruitment efforts, high school and college
      level preprofessional programs, and the participation of ethnic minority faculty
      members in the medical school admissions process, the number of applicants to the
      medical school increased from 45 in 1971 to 265 in 1977. Concurrently, medical
      school matriculants increased from 12 in 1971 to 24 in 1977, with a maximum of 30
      in 1975. However, significantly fewer minority students have shown interest in
      nursing, dentistry, or allied health professions careers. Because of support
      programs for matriculants (including preadmission and postadmissions personal,
      academic, study skills, and test-taking counseling and a prefreshman year summer
      orientation course), 71 percent of the minority students entering medical school
      in 1971-73 have received the M.D. degree.

PMID- 682157
TI  - A premedical summer program for disadvantaged students.
AB  - In this paper five years of summer program experience with minority and
      disadvantaged students are examined and an attempt is made to provide an overview
      of the impact of summer programming on medical school admission and academic
      performance in the first year of medical training. A well-organized correlated
      academic curriculum of anatomy, biochemistry, and physiology, coupled with an
      intensive counseling program, has proved to be the basis of a sound reinforcement
      program for minority and disadvantaged students who are preparing for medical
      school.

PMID- 682158
TI  - A preliminary study of student learning in interdisciplinary health teams.
AB  - Self-reported learning in a 12-week interdisciplinary health team training
      experience at the University of Nevada, Reno, was measured. Fourteen students
      from seven disciplines participated on health teams in three settings. All
      students were in early stages of their professional training. A self-report
      inventory with four general areas was administered before and after the
      experience. Four analyses of covariance were used to compare participant scores
      with those of a control group in each area using initial scores as the covariate.
      There was significant learning in the areas of team skills and processes and in
      knowledge of and abilities in client communication but not in physical
      assessment.

PMID- 682159
TI  - Teaching medical students about treatment compliance.
AB  - Poor patient compliance is common in clinical practice but difficult to
      demonstrate to medical students in a convincing manner. To accomplish this, the
      authors asked medical students who preregistered for a conference on patient
      compliance to adopt the role of "patient" and to take "medication" (Vitamin C)
      for one week, to observe certain dietary restrictions, and to complete an
      attitude and health beliefs questionnaire. The educational impact was intensified
      by making prior predictions about outcome which were almost exactly confirmed.
      The predictions concerned failure to fill the prescription, extent and type of
      noncompliance, and significant differences in attitudes between compliant and
      noncompliant students. The attitudes of the students resembled those of
      noncompliant patients asked to take medication for nonsymptomatic disorders (such
      as hypertension). Those students who participated in the drug-taking experience
      rated the educational impact of the conference more highly than did those
      students who attended the conference but did not take part in the drug project.

PMID- 682160
TI  - The note-taking service and its implications for medical education.

PMID- 682161
TI  - Cognitive and noncognitive variables in the prediction of preclinical
      performance.

PMID- 682162
TI  - Feedback from admission committees to applicant interviewers.

PMID- 682163
TI  - Heuristics and biases in medical decision-making.

PMID- 682164
TI  - Learning styles and instructional preferences of family practice physicians.

PMID- 682165
TI  - Learning from each other: reflections on a medical student discussion group.

PMID- 682166
TI  - Students and children learning from each other during a pediatric field trip
      program.

PMID- 682167
TI  - Psychological problems of medical students during a core psychiatry clerkship.

PMID- 682168
TI  - A comparison of faculty attitudes in a newly formed state medical school
      concerning policies for tenure and promotion.

PMID- 682169
TI  - A survey of medical student priorities and personal attributes associated with
      location of medical practice.

PMID- 682170
TI  - Minorities in medical schools, 1968-78.

PMID- 682172
TI  - Teaching gross anatomy.

PMID- 682171
TI  - Applicants for 1977-78 first-year medical school class.

PMID- 682173
TI  - Pelvic exam instruction.

PMID- 682174
TI  - Quantitative studies of the vaginal flora of healthy women and of obstetric and
      gynaecological patients.

PMID- 682175
TI  - Novobiocin resistance and virulence of strains of Staphylococcus saprophyticus
      isolated from urine and skin.
AB  - A method was developed to study virulence of coagulase-negative staphylococci.
      Our results showed that coagulase-negative staphylococci injected into adult mice
      by the intracerebral route did not give rise to lethal infections, whereas mice
      aged 2 days were much more susceptible. Novobiocin-resistant strains of
      Staphylococcus saprophyticus were more virulent than strains of Staphylococcus
      epidermidis. Strains of S. saprophyticus biotype 3 of Baird-Parker's
      classification varied in virulence according to novobiocin sensitivity. In the
      classification of Kloos and Schleifer, S. saprophyticus biotype 3 can be
      subdivided into four distinct staphylococcal species, namely S. saprophyticus ,
      S.cohnii, S.haemolyticus and S.warneri. S. chonii and S. saprophyticus were
      equally virulent for mice aged 2 days, but novobiocinsensitive S. haemolyticus
      was less virulent. On epidemiological grounds, however, it would seem that S.
      saprophyticus has some undefined advantage in invading the urinary tract.

PMID- 682176
TI  - Observations by light microscopy on the cytopathogenicity of Naegleria fowleri in
      mouse embryo-cell cultures.
AB  - Naegleria fowleri, strain HB-1, caused a destructive cytopathic effect (CPE) in
      secondary mouse-embryo (ME) cells. No evidence was found to suggest that cell
      free cytotoxic factors secreted by the amoebae play a part in ME-cell
      destruction. In culture systems designed for the study of cytopathic factors,
      mammalian-cell damage seemed to occur only as a result of direct contact with
      active amoebae. This was confirmed when the progressive destruction of individual
      ME cells was observed continuously by direct microscopy and time-lapse
      cinemicrography. The cytoplasmic shrinkage characteristic of naegleria-induced
      CPE appeared to be associated with phagocytic activity of trophozoites. Adjacent
      ME cells remained undamaged until they themselves were physically attacked. The
      apparently intracellular location of amoebae seen in fixed and stained
      preparations was considered to be an artefact created when trophozoites and ME
      cells were superimposed.

PMID- 682177
TI  - Mycoplasma infection in pregnant rats: low viability of foetuses and newborn
      offspring.
AB  - The controversy regarding the possible role of genital mycoplasma infection in
      human reproductive failure gave rise to a study in which pregnant rats,
      previously shown to be of normal fertility, were inoculated 7-11 days after
      conception with either Mycoplasma arthritidis or an equal volume of sterile broth
      medium. Repeated observations during the course of pregnancy revealed several
      pathogenic effects. A statistically significant decrease was observed in the mean
      litter size of infected mothers. Furthermore, the offspring showed low viability
      at birth and, still more, at 10 days after birth. Our data are compatible with
      the hypothesis that genital mycoplasma infection plays a role in reproductive
      failure.

PMID- 682178
TI  - Effect of bursectomy and thymectomy on Pasteurella multocida infection in
      chickens.
AB  - The effects of various treatments on the immune response of chickens to vaccine
      prepared from Pasteurella multocida strain P1059 were investigated. The
      treatments, given on or before the day of hatching, consisted of surgical
      bursectomy (SB), hormonal bursectomy (HB), surgical thymectomy (ST) and X
      irradiation (X). In chickens subjected to SB, SBX or HB before vaccination, the
      production of agglutinin and immunoglobulin was impaired, but the production of
      resistance against challenge was not. In chickens subjected to ST or STX before
      vaccination, the production of agglutinin and immunoglobulin was unimpaired, but
      the production of resistance against challenge was diminished. Protection was
      therefore thymus-dependent.

PMID- 682179
TI  - The isolation and characters of L-forms and reversions of Bacillus licheniformis
      var. Endoparasiticus (Benedek) associated with the erythrocytes of clinically
      normal persons.
AB  - Thirty-eight strains of the Gram-positive bacterium identified as Bacillus
      licheniformis var. endoparasiticus (Benedek), referred to as BLE, were isolated
      in various stages of reversion form the L-forms, from 28 out of 100 samples of
      whole blood or erythrocytes from normal healthy subjects, after prolonged
      incubation. Similar results were obtained from 100 samples from hospital patients
      with conditions not usually associated with blood infection. BLE was isolated
      from only one of 125 samples of plasma, including those separated from infected
      erythrocytes. Isolates from cultures incubated for up to 4 months were usually in
      the form of spheroplasts or diphtheroid bacilli; the fully reverted phase,
      resembling B. licheniformis, with the capacity to form endospores, was isolated
      occasionally from cultures aged 1--6 months, and it constituted about half the
      isolates recovered from cultures aged 6--25 months. BLE was isolated in
      subculture, and with the usual frequency, in previously unopened, primary
      cultures. It did not occur in 1200 subcultures of 150 control cultures made with
      autoclaved or irradiated blood cells; it was not detected in the environment of
      the laboratory or blood-sampling areas, or on the skin or in the respiratory
      passages of the operators and other persons associated with the laboratory, where
      typical, saprophytic B. licheniformis was very rare. It is concluded that this
      Bacillus species exists as an L-form, associated with the erythrocytes of a large
      proportion of normal persons, as previously recorded by several observers. Some
      of the morphological variants associated with the L-cycles have in the past been
      described as different organisms, for example L-forms of various bacteria or
      mycoplasmas, and the diphtheroid stage has been thought to belong to the genera
      Corynebacterium and Listeria. The sporogenous stage, although frequently
      described, has normally been discounted as a contaminant. These observations do
      not admit of any conclusion in respect of the claims that such bacteria may have
      a role in arthritis, cancer or other diseases.

PMID- 682180
TI  - The routine application of a microtechnique for the demonstration of leptospiral
      antibodies.
AB  - The microtechnique of Galton et al. (1965) for the routine screening of blood
      samples for leptospiral antibodies was used to examine more than 8000 serum
      samples from animals that had aborted and from herds in which leptospiral
      antibodies had previously been demonstrated. The method gave consistently
      accurate results. In respect of ease and speed of performance, it was superior to
      the microscopic agglutination test and it required only minute volumes of serum
      and antigen suspension. Its most important advantage was that the agglutination
      reaction could be read directly on the plate, and the removal of samples for
      microscopical examination was therefore unnecessary.

PMID- 682181
TI  - An analysis of variables related to self-injurious behaviour among
      institutionalised retarded persons.

PMID- 682182
TI  - Dermatoglyphic patterns in 9p trisomy syndrome.

PMID- 682183
TI  - An image reversal process for electron microscope film.
AB  - An improved technique has been developed to produce a positive image directly on
      some standard electron microscope films (Kodak 4489, SO 163, and Ilford Electron
      Microscope Film). This technique has been useful for processing micrographs of
      freeze-etched and shadowed specimens, and eliminates the need for producing
      positive image transparencies before printing.

PMID- 682184
TI  - Calculation of surface area and volume of human erythrocytes from scanning
      electron micrographs.
AB  - This article demonstrates that surface and volume measurements of individual
      human erythrocytes with varying shapes can be obtained from scanning electron
      micrographic stereopairs using an approach based on established principles of
      photogrammetry. Instead of calculating the coordinates of several hundred points
      plotted for each cell, a procedure that proves tedious and time-consuming, we
      show that a reasonable approximation of cell surface and volume can be achieved
      from simple geometrical models constructed with a small number of carefully
      measured points and angles, using a stereocomparator. The values obtained for two
      normal erythrocytes and for two distorted red cells from a patient with
      congenital pyruvate kinase deficiency haemolytic anaemia are consistent with
      available information on the geometry of these cells. Because scanning electron
      microscopy requires extensive manipulation of the cells, the values obtained
      cannot be applied to fresh living material, but appear fairly accurate for the
      purpose of comparison between cells prepared in the same manner.

PMID- 682185
TI  - Sephadex globules placed as landmarks in combined stereo microscopy, scanning and
      transmission electron microscopy.
AB  - Regions of specific interest in tissue blocks were localized in a stereo
      microscope and landmarked with Sephadex spheres (10-40 micron in diameter). This
      procedure made it possible to recognize these regions easily and quickly in the
      scanning electron microscope. When the tissue was later embedded in Epon the
      spheres facilitated orientation when sectioning. Thus it was possible with great
      certainty to determine the level at which ultrathin sections should be cut for
      transmission electron microscopy to attain an exact correspondence between
      scanning and transmission electron microscopic observations. The procedure is
      described and an example of its application is shown in a study of experimental
      hypertensive endothelial changes.

PMID- 682186
TI  - Differential leucocyte counts: a comparison of results using light and electron
      microscopy.
AB  - A method is described for handling leucocytes from an inflammatory peritoneal
      exudate prior to electron microscopy, which allows differential counts from ultra
      thin sections to be made. The results of counts from ultrathin sections, viewed
      on the electron microscope, are compared with samples from the same cell
      populations prepared on a cytocentrifuge and counted by light microscopy. The
      results from several cell populations of widely different compositions show
      clearly that with suitable care taken over preparation and orientation, ultrathin
      sections can yield comparable differential counts to those obtained by standard
      light microscope procedures. Possible sources of error are discussed and the
      advantages of ultrastructural counting assessed. The method has a wide
      application wherever accurate differential counts are required from cell
      suspensions processed for electron microscopy.

PMID- 682187
TI  - The use of deuterium exchange for the study of the distortion of alpha-helices in
      proteins.

PMID- 682188
TI  - Sequence-specific crosslinking agents for nucleic acids. Use of 6-bromo-5,5
      dimethoxyhexanohydrazide for crosslinking cytidine to guanosine and crosslinking
      RNA to complementary sequences of DNA.

PMID- 682189
TI  - Water structure in a protein crystal: rubredoxin at 1.2 A resolution.

PMID- 682190
TI  - Stages of bacteriophage lambda head morphogenesis: physical analysis of particles
      in solution.

PMID- 682191
TI  - Molecular weight determination of labile structures: a variant of the
      sedimentation-diffusion method.

PMID- 682192
TI  - X-ray analysis of a progesterone-binding protein (uteroglobin): preliminary
      results.

PMID- 682193
TI  - Preliminary x-ray diffraction analysis of crystalline EcoRI endonuclease.

PMID- 682194
TI  - The size of the bacteriophage T4 head in solution with comments about the
      dimension of virus particles as visualized by electron microscopy.

PMID- 682195
TI  - Structure of the three-chain unit of the bovine epidermal keratin filament.

PMID- 682196
TI  - Structure of the tubulin dimer in zinc-induced sheets.

PMID- 682197
TI  - Assembly of bacteriophage T4 head-related strucutres. II. In vitro assembly of
      prehead-like structures.

PMID- 682198
TI  - Structural study of rhodopsin in detergent micelles by small-angle neutron
      scattering.

PMID- 682199
TI  - The two faces of the purple membrane. Structural differences revealed by metal
      decoration.

PMID- 682200
TI  - Recrystallization of the purple membrane in vivo and in vitro.

PMID- 682201
TI  - Specific labelling of the protein and lipid on the extracellular surface of
      purple membrane.

PMID- 682202
TI  - Properties of the two sides of the purple membrane correlated.

PMID- 682203
TI  - Kinetic analysis of 5 S RNA formation in Drosophila cells.

PMID- 682204
TI  - Preliminary x-ray study of crystals of human transferrin.

PMID- 682205
TI  - Effect of exposure to lead on maturation of intestinal iron absorption of rats.
AB  - The influence of lead on iron absorption was investigated at various stages of
      development in rat pups exposed to lead first through mothers' milk and later in
      their solid diet. Hematocrit, hemoglobin, iron absorption, and tissue iron
      concentration were measured on d 14, 20, 23, 29, 35, 42, and 63 after birth. Both
      hematocrit and hemoglobin in the lead-exposed group were significantly below
      control levels at all periods earlier than d 42 and 63, respectively. Absorption
      of iron ([59Fe]-ferrous citrate in 10(-4)M FeSO4) from intestinal loops measured
      over 1/2 h remained at preweaning levels (10-12% of total activity added to the
      loop) for at least 1 wk after weaning in the lead-exposed rats, whereas in
      control animals iron absorption fell to adult levels (3-4%) at weaning. Spleen
      weight was significantly elevated in lead-exposed rats compared with control rats
      at all ages beyond d 14. However, spleen iron content (micrograms of Fe per gram
      of tissue) was not significantly elevated in the lead-exposed group before d 42.
      The results indicate that exposure to lead does not reduce iron absorption from
      the intestinal tract; thus alteration of intestinal iron absorption does not
      contribute to lead-induced anemia. Indeed, lead-exposed rats demonstrated
      increased iron uptake.

PMID- 682206
TI  - Histopathologic effects of dietary cadmium on kidneys and testes of mallard
      ducks.
AB  - Mallard ducks fed 2, 20, or 200 ppm cadmium chloride were sacrificed at 30, 60,
      and 90 d. No mortality occured during the study and body weights remained
      unchanged. Kidney weights of the 200-ppm group were significantly greater after
      60 and 90 d than those of controls; also, testis weights were significantly lower
      after 90 d. Kidneys of ducks fed 2 and 20 ppm cadmium were relatively unaffected;
      however, slight to severe kidney lesions were found in the 200-ppm group after 60
      d of treatment. No significant lesions were found in mallard testes after feeding
      2 ppm cadmium in the diet, and only a few birds in the 20-ppm group showed slight
      to moderate gonad alterations. After 90 d of treatment, however, testes of males
      fed 200 ppm had atrophied and the spermatogenic process had ceased. This study
      should provide important information for the interpretation of cadmium levels
      found in kidneys and testes of wild ducks.

PMID- 682207
TI  - Increased vascular response to adrenergic stimulation in rats exposed to cadmium.

PMID- 682208
TI  - Studies of the lymphatic drainage of dog lungs.
AB  - The lymphatic system of the lungs has proved difficult to study and characterize
      because it is technically complex to investigate, its properties are difficult to
      quantitate, and anatomically it is extraordinarily variable. This study was part
      of a more comprehensive effort to understand the nature of lymphatic permeation
      by extrinsic materials (e.g., dusts) arising from alveolar deposition, and had
      three main objectives; (1) to develop a reliable surgical approach for the
      collection of lymph from the right duct; (2) to investigate some of the
      inconsistencies in lymphatic structure and function, especially the relationship
      of the right lymph duct (RLD) and thoracic lymph duct (TLD) outflows to the
      pulmonic lymph; and (3) to begin a systematic investigation of lymphatic uptake
      of administered materials by varying their physicochemical parameters.
      Ultimately, we utilized a modification of the surgical approach of Meyer, which
      we believe is less prone to blood contamination than the venous-sac procedure of
      Leeds and Uhley and provides purer pulmonic lymph. By this means we obtained
      average RLD flow rates of 4.5 ml/h or 0.35 ml/h . kg body weight in 24 dogs,
      which are comparable to those in the recent literature. For demarcation of the
      pulmonic drainage in relation to the RLD and TLD, we found in 13 dogs that 75% or
      more of the lung lymph returned to the venous circulation through the RLD, wheras
      less than 3% of the thoracic lymph entered the RLD. Radioactive tracers were
      administered by intralymphatic, intrabronchial, inhalation, and intravenous
      routes to obtain these findings and the uptake data. Lymphatic uptake values for
      iron, cadmium, and lead were obtained principally after intrabronchial
      administration. The uptake data, while preliminary, indicate that both the
      chemical species and their physical states are important in affecting alveolar
      permeation into the pulmonic lymph. Evidence for varying lymphatic roles in the
      alveolar retention of these heavy metals is also presented.

PMID- 682209
TI  - Effects of atropine and methacholine on deposition and clearance of inhaled
      particles in the donkey.
AB  - The influence of sympathetic and parasympathetic controls on regional particle
      deposition and mucociliary clearance rates was studied in the donkey in vivo. The
      deposition and clearance characteristics for gamma-tagged monodisperse ferric
      oxide microspheres were determined for inhalation tests after atropine and
      methacholine injections and were compared with the characteristics determined for
      control tests with the same animals and aerosols. Additional tests were performed
      in which methacholine was injected immediately after the test aerosol inhalation
      and 2 1/2 h before the particle inhalation. Particle deposition is shifted
      distally by atropine. Methacholine produces a proximal shift initially and a
      distal shift 2 1/2 h later. Atropine slows mucociliary transport. Methacholine
      produces an acceleration in bronchial clearance initially but causes a reduced
      rate of clearance 2 1/2 h later. Atropine slows mucociliary transport.
      Methacholine produces an acceleration in bronchial clearance initially but causes
      a reduced rate of clearance 2 1/2 h later. It also produces an initial surge in
      tracheal transport, which frequently leads to tracheal mucus refluxing and
      thereby an increase in average tracheal residence time. The drugs were used to
      modify the normal deposition and clearance characteristics of a particular animal
      so that they resembled the normal characteristics of a different animal,
      suggesting that much of the large intersubject variability may be attributable to
      different levels of autonomic tone.

PMID- 682210
TI  - Hematotoxicity of inhaled benzene to Sprague-Dawley rats and AKR mice at 300 ppm.
AB  - Sprague-Dawley rats and AKR/J mice were exposed to 300 ppm benzene vapor for 6
      h/d, 5 d/wk, for life. Rats exhibited lymphocytopenia, mild anemia, and
      moderately decreased survival. Mice showed severe lymphocytopenia and anemia
      accompanied by granulocytosis and reticulocytosis. Treated mice also showed
      significantly decreased survival and weight gain. No indications of a leukemic or
      preleukemic response were observed in either species.

PMID- 682211
TI  - Respiratory response to iodine vapor alone and with sodium chloride aerosol.
AB  - Respiratory function measurements in guinea pigs were used to evaluate the
      irritant response to 1-h exposures to iodine vapor and the effect of 10 mg/m(3)
      submicrometer sodium chloride aerosol on this response. Iodine alone at 0.5 ppm
      produced no detectable response. Concentrations of 3-4 ppm increased resistance
      and decreased frequency and minute volume. The response appeared to be upper
      respiratory. At 7 ppm there was also a decrease in compliance, suggesting
      pulmonary effects. The response was potentiated by the sodium chloride aerosol.
      Increased resistance and decreased compliance and frequency were observed at 0.4
      ppm. The changes at concentrations of 1-2 ppm were greater when the aerosol was
      present and included a decrease in compliance. The comparative effects of the
      sodium chloride aerosol on iodine, sulfur dioxide, and formaldehyde are
      discussed.

PMID- 682212
TI  - Preventive toxicology in the service of medicine.

PMID- 682213
TI  - Methodology of the study of carcinogens in human populations.
AB  - Epidemiology, including occupational tumors and other groups at risk;
      experimental studies; and physiochemical methods of evaluation of environmental
      carcinogens form the basis of cancer prevention. Hygienic measures of limitation
      (maximum allowable concentrations) are also discussed.

PMID- 682214
TI  - Induction of pulmonary carcinoma in rats by chronic inhalation of dust from
      pulverized asbestos pipe covering.
AB  - Rats and hamsters were exposed to the dust of pulverized asbestos pipe covering
      at an average concentration of 85 mg/m(3) for 6 h/d, 5 d/wk, for 7 mo, followed
      by a lifetime observation period. In rats, the pulmonary responses were alveolar
      adenomatous proliferation, nonprogressive fibrosis, squamous metaplasia, and a
      substantial incidence of pulmonary carcinoma formation. A smaller group of
      hamsters exposed under these conditions experienced an earlier onset of mortality
      than control hamsters, which were not subjected to the exposure regimen. Although
      this prevented conclusive evaluation of the pulmonary response in this species,
      no pulmonary neoplasms were noted in the surviving hamsters.

PMID- 682215
TI  - The Laskin aerosol generator.
AB  - This paper describes construction details and operating characteristics of a
      nebulizer developed by Sidney Laskin and used over a period of 30 yr in various
      laboratories to generate respirable aerosols for whole-animal inhalation exposure
      studies. Under the proper operating conditions, the device is capable of
      producing nearly monodisperse aerosols in the respirable size range (1.5 micron
      volume median diameter with a geometric standard deviation of 1.1) for long
      periods of time

PMID- 682216
TI  - Effects of DDT on stable laboratory mouse populations.
AB  - Four stable laboratory mouse populations were established; each contained
      approximately 400 mice of both sexes and all ages postweaning living in a single
      cage, as well as neonates caged in separate nesting boxes with their dams. Two
      were used to determine the effects of continuous exposure to a dietary level of
      100 ppm DDT while the other two served as controls. The results indicated a
      significant decrease (p less than or equal to 0.05) in neonatal survival
      (lactation index) within 20 wk after the beginning of exposure to the toxicant in
      one of the exposed populations and by 30 wk in the other. This deleterious effect
      of the DDT continued through each succeeding generation. On the other hand,
      improved postweaning survival in DDT-fed mice was noted. Histological examination
      showed no tumors in test or control animals; other pathology was seen more
      frequently in control than in test animals.

PMID- 682217
TI  - Cardiovascular function following non-colloid fluid management of severely
      traumatized man.

PMID- 682218
TI  - Effects of albumin versus non-albumin resuscitation on plasma volume and renal
      excretory function.

PMID- 682219
TI  - Head injury watch sheet modified for a digital scale.
AB  - A zero to 100 digital scoring system for brain injury has been devised. Items
      scored are vital signs, ability to speak and follow commands, or when unable to
      do so, a nonverbal response to pain, pupillary reactivity and equality, eyelid
      opening, and extremity strength. Certain parameters are weighted more heavily
      than others. The system also allows the examiner to modify serial scores by up to
      four points in a positive or negative direction based on clinical judgment of
      improvement or worsening. Over 100 adult patients have been scored, and when
      evaluated simultaneously by two physicians, the two objective scores usually are
      within 1 to 3 points of each other and the subjective score varies less. It is
      possible to express the clinical course of brain-injured patients numerically.
      Those with an initial score of 25 or less have an extremely poor prognosis and
      those with 75 or more do very well.

PMID- 682220
TI  - Off-road vehicle accidents: a new spectrum of trauma.
AB  - A survey of off-road vehicle accident injuries indicates a significant incidence
      of trauma: means of 931 serious injuries and 15 fatalities/year were reported for
      a three-county region of Southern California. A representative 78-bed community
      hospital in the desert region saw 542 patients with injuries related to off-road
      vehicle accidents over 3 years. Characteristic injuries often could be related to
      the type of accident and vehicle involved. A survey of off-road vehicle
      enthusiasts showed that 21% had had an accident resulting in injury. Driver
      immaturity, poor judgment and alcohol were identified as causative factors.
      Future planning must include attention to the sports enthusiast and medical
      services planning as well as an appreciation of the characteristic injuries
      resulting from this sport.

PMID- 682221
TI  - Rollover injuries of the upper extremity.
AB  - Eleven patients were treated for rollover injuries of the upper extremities from
      1971 to 1976 resulting from the rollover accidents of off-road vehicles in rough
      terrain. Injuries to the volar surfaces of the extremity were most common, but
      injury to the extensor surfaces seemed to be more severe. Soft-tissue injuries
      predominated as did injury to the nondominant hand. The majority of patients
      returned to their original jobs after sometimes prolonged recovery and
      rehabilitation. A redesign of the rollover cage with interior hand holds could
      reduce the frequency and severity of these novel injuries.

PMID- 682222
TI  - Urinothorax following blunt trauma to the kidney.
AB  - A case of urinothorax is reported in a 19-year-old girl with multiple injuries
      sustained in an auto accident. Thus blung injury to the right kidney was followed
      8 days later by reduced urinary output and serous chest tube drainage.
      Intravenous dye injection showed dye in urine and in chest tube fluid, and the
      macerated right kidney was removed. The right pleural effusion then cleared with
      further drainage. The mechanism by which urine is transferred across the intact
      diaphragm is thought to be lymphatic drainage.

PMID- 682223
TI  - The Andy Gump fracture of the mandible: a cause of respiratory obstruction or
      distress.
AB  - Bilateral body fractures of the elderly edentulous atrophic mandible can cause a
      characteristic facial deformity and prolapse of the tongue into the pharynx,
      obstructing the airway (3). Early clinical and radiographic diagnosis of this
      injury is important. Stabilization of the fracture fragments restores the bony
      support for the tongue and helps establish patency of the airway.

PMID- 682224
TI  - Morphological evidence for calcium stores in photoreceptors of the honeybee drone
      retina.

PMID- 682225
TI  - The intestine of Triatoma infestans. II. The surface coat of the midgut.

PMID- 682226
TI  - Morphological variations in the cytopathology associated with granulosis virus in
      the fruit-tree leaf roller, Archips argyrospila.

PMID- 682227
TI  - The ultrastructure of junctions between satellite cells in mammalian sympathetic
      ganglia as revealed by freeze-etching.

PMID- 682228
TI  - A comparative study on the fine structure of tongue and cricothyroid muscle of
      the bat, myotis gisescens, as revealed by thin section and freeze-fracture
      techniques.

PMID- 682229
TI  - Stimulatory effect of prepartum milk removal on secretory cell differentiation in
      the bovine mammary gland.

PMID- 682230
TI  - Calcium localization in lactating rabbit mammary secretory cells.

PMID- 682231
TI  - [Demonstration in the rat cortex of a soluble factor inhibiting compensatory
      hyperplasia of the remaining kidney].

PMID- 682232
TI  - [Cortico-dependent hypercalcemia in 3 patients on chronic hemodialysis].

PMID- 682233
TI  - [Effect of hemofiltration on plasma levels of parathyroid hormone and
      calcitonin].

PMID- 682234
TI  - [3 cases of total parathyroidectomy followed by autotransplantation into the
      forearm].

PMID- 682235
TI  - [Transient hypercalcemia associated with Reiter's syndrome in patients treated by
      chronic dialysis].

PMID- 682236
TI  - [Cardiac performance on effort in patients on chronic hemodialysis].

PMID- 682237
TI  - [Utilization of sodium acetate by patients with chronic renal failure on chronic
      hemodialysis].

PMID- 682238
TI  - [Sensitization of basophils to a staphylococcus in glomerulonephritis secondary
      to an infection of a ventriculo-atrial bypass].

PMID- 682239
TI  - [Pregnancy and delivery of a live infant in a patient treated with chronic
      hemodialysis].

PMID- 682240
TI  - Too much of a good thing.

PMID- 682241
TI  - Complications of ureterostomy.

PMID- 682242
TI  - Intrarenal arteriovenous fistulas: transcatheter steel coil occlusion.
AB  - Intrarenal arteriovenous fistulas are either congenital (cirsoid), acquired or
      idiopathic. Transcatheter occlusion of these fistulas was accomplished using the
      Gianturco stainless steel coil. The anatomical configuration of the feeding and
      draining vessels dictated the technical approach. There was considerable
      conservation of renal tissue as the result of this non-surgical therapeutic
      alternative.

PMID- 682243
TI  - Treatment of pyonephrosis: a comparative study.
AB  - Our study is a comparison of treatments used for 97 patients with pyonephrosis.
      The patients were divided into 3 groups: 1) cases in which a primary nephrectomy
      was done, 2) cases in which nephrectomy was secondary to drainage through a
      nephrostomy and 3) cases in which nephrectomy was secondary to drainage through a
      translumbar percutaneous puncture with an Ingram catheter indwelling. Patients in
      whom nephrostomy and puncture were used had the highest percentage of
      complications, while primary nephrectomy produced the best results. Therefore, we
      believe that primary nephrectomy is the procedure of choice, using drainage
      through a puncture only when the general status of the patient does not permit
      primary nephrectomy.

PMID- 682244
TI  - Non-efflux as a factor in vesicoureteral reflux.
AB  - A prospective study was begun to determine the role of non-efflux as a factor in
      the etiology of vesicoureteral reflux. Fifteen patients who had had 1 kidney
      removed for reasons other than reflux were available for study. Voiding
      cystourethrograms were done in all 15 cases to ascertain whether the remaining
      defunctionalized ureter was subject to reflux. In no instance was reflux
      demonstrated into the non-effluxing ureter.

PMID- 682245
TI  - Rheumatoid factor in bladder tumors.
AB  - We used the standard latex fixation test to screen 71 patients with bladder
      tumors and appropriate controls for the rheumatoid factor. The rheumatoid factor
      was present in transitional and squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder.
      Positivity was correlated with staging and histological grading of the tumor. In
      control subjects it was present in squamous cell carcinoma of the penis and anal
      canal. The possibility of the circulating immune complex with tumor antigen and
      its antibody has been discussed.

PMID- 682246
TI  - Management of the urethra in patients undergoing radical cystectomy for bladder
      carcinoma.
AB  - Computerized data on 174 male patients who underwent radical cystectomy for
      bladder carcinoma were studied in relationship to the incidence of urethral
      involvement. Simultaneous or delayed urethrectomies were done on 32 patients, 7
      of whom had overt urethral carcinoma (4 per cent of the total number of male
      patients) and 10 of whom had carcinoma in situ (5.7 per cent of the total number
      of male patients). The low incidence of these 2 phenomena leads us to the
      conclusion that routine urethrectomy need not be done on patients undergoing
      radical cystectomy unless overt urethral carcinoma or positive margins are found
      at cystectomy. We believe that the use of urethral cytologies is crucial to the
      routine followup of patients who have undergone radical cystectomy for bladder
      cancer and should be combined with clinical followup to establish the indication
      for urethrectomy.

PMID- 682247
TI  - Use of a caliper to determine dimensions of the volume to be implanted with
      125iodine in the treatment of prostatic carcinoma.

PMID- 682248
TI  - Biopsy and clinical course after cryosurgery for prostatic cancer.
AB  - Open perineal cryosurgical prostatectomy has been reported previously in 154
      consecutive prostatic cancer patients at our center. In 37 of these patients post
      cryosurgery biopsies of the prostate were obtained. In the present report we
      compare this tissue to the preoperative biopsies. The data suggest that well
      differentiated cancers are associated with advantageous survival in cryosurgery
      patients. Lymphoid and eosinophilic cell infiltrates may represent post
      cryosurgical local immune responses, with improved survival. Estrogen therapy
      seems to suppress this local immune response. One month or more after cryosurgery
      cancer in the biopsy correlates with palpable local recurrence but prior to 1
      month it does not correlate. Cryosurgery by the open perineal approach has been
      an effective method to eliminate the primary lesion in localized and extensive
      prostatic cancer.

PMID- 682249
TI  - Ultrasonically guided antegrade pyelography.
AB  - Guided by ultrasound percutaneous antegrade pyelography can be accomplished with
      great ease in patients with obstructive hydronephrosis. The exact location and
      the depth of the dilated renal pelvis can be determined accurately with the use
      of ultrasound and the procedure is similar to that of a cyst puncture. Antegrade
      pyelography provides significant diagnostic information on the nature of the
      obstructive lesion and can be performed as an adjunct to a retrograde study or as
      an alternative to a retrograde pyelogram. Ultrasound is considered a most
      advantageous aid to the performance of antegrade pyelography.

PMID- 682250
TI  - The anticholinergic effects of dicyclomine hydrochloride in uninhibited
      neurogenic bladder dysfunction.
AB  - A preliminary study to assess objectively the effects of dicyclomine upon
      uncontrolled detrusor contractions and bladder capacity was undertaken in 14
      patients with a cystometric diagnosis of uninhibited neurogenic bladder. Response
      was measured by cystometry performed 1, 2 and 4 hours after a 20 mg. oral dose.
      Of the 14 patients 11 had significant blockade of uninhibited contractions and a
      concomitant increase in bladder capacity. Similar but less dramatic changes were
      noted in the remaining 3 patients. Dicyclomine seems to have effective
      anticholinergic properties. No remarkable side effects were observed.

PMID- 682251
TI  - Results of ureteral reimplantation in patients with intrarenal reflux.
AB  - Intrarenal reflux was diagnosed in 6 male and 3 female children between 3 weeks
      and 11 years old, with 13 kidneys affected. One kidney was removed and 12 were
      managed successfully by antireflux ureteral reimplantation. Followup examination
      showed satisfactory growth of 10 of the 12 kidneys with intrarenal reflux.

PMID- 682252
TI  - Non-operative treatment of vesicoureteral reflux.
AB  - Varying degrees of vesicoureteral reflux in 193 ureters were followed
      conservatively. Prediction of in which ureters reflux would stop could not be
      made from an evaluation of the configuration and position of the orifice, the
      presence or absence of infection, the grade of the reflux or the age of the
      patient. The management of such patients is discussed.

PMID- 682253
TI  - In vivo trigonal measurements and their relationship to competence of the
      ureterovesical junction.
AB  - In vivo measurements of the trigone were obtained in 73 children undergoing
      cystourethroscopy for evaluation of urinary tract infection with and without
      associated vesicoureteral reflux. These data revealed greater mobility or
      distensibility of the trigone in children with reflux. In addition, those
      children with large trigones had shorter submucosal tunnels. Bladder capacity was
      not statistically different between the 2 groups.

PMID- 682254
TI  - Flank pain and hematuria in a man with superficial bladder tumors.

PMID- 682255
TI  - Localization of pheochromocytoma by computerized axial tomography.
AB  - A hypovascular pheochromocytoma not visualized by nephrotomography or
      arteriography but demonstrated successfully by computerized axial tomography is
      described. We propose that this non-invasive test be used alone or in conjunction
      with other modalities to assist in the localization of this elusive and
      potentially fatal tumor.

PMID- 682256
TI  - Pheochromocytoma presenting as middeldorpf tumor: case report.
AB  - Pheochromocytoma is a tumor that characteristically arises in the adrenal
      medulla. Extra-adrenal tumors make up approximately 10 per cent of all
      pheochromocytomas, with those occurring in the organ of Zuckerkandl being the
      most common. Others may occur anywhere along the sympathetic chain, including a
      number of reported cases in the bladder. A case is reported in which the tumor
      occurred deep in the presacral pelvic area, retroperitoneal and retrorectal, a so
      called Middeldorpf tumor. Its rare presentation and technical demand of its
      removal underscore the importance of preoperative and intraoperative medical and
      pharmacologic management.

PMID- 682257
TI  - Congenital hydronephrosis with ipsilateral adrenal neuroblastoma: a case report.

PMID- 682258
TI  - Horseshoe kidney with retrocaval ureter: second reported case.

PMID- 682259
TI  - Ureteropelvic junction obstruction: its occurrence in 3 members of a single
      family.
AB  - A mother and 2 children with ureteropelvic junction obstruction are described.
      This is the eighth instance of familial hydronephrosis secondary to ureteropelvic
      junction obstruction. In this family 10 months elapsed between the diagnosis in
      the first sister and the realization that an obstruction also was present in the
      sibling. With the recognition that ureteropelvic junction obstruction can be
      familial it is hoped that earlier, possibly correctable cases will be found. An
      autosomal dominant form of inheritance with variable penetrance is suggested in
      this family.

PMID- 682260
TI  - Ureteral rupture and bone scintigraphy.
AB  - The scintigraphic findings are described of upper ureteral rupture seen
      incidentally on bone scan in a 30-year-old patient after retrograde pyelography.
      This case is presented to alert physicians to look for non-osseous abnormalities
      on the bone scan.

PMID- 682261
TI  - Prolapsing single orthotopic ureterocele in a boy: case report.
AB  - Single orthotopic ureteroceles are uncommon in childhood. A recent case of such a
      ureterocele causing obstructive symptomatology is presented. A similar case has
      not been specifically reported previously.

PMID- 682262
TI  - High grade invasive ureteral transitional cell carcinoma with a congenital
      solitary kidney: long-term survival after ureterectomy and radiation therapy.
AB  - The circumstances surrounding the treatment of a primary high grade invasive
      transitional cell carcinoma occurring in the ureter of a solitary kidney indicate
      that the combination of surgery and radiation therapy occasionally may be
      markedly effective for controlling this generally lethal disease.

PMID- 682263
TI  - Arteriovesical fistula after ureterolithotomy: a case report and review of the
      literature.
AB  - A case is reported of massive recurrent hematuria after ureterolithotomy caused
      by a fistula between a branch of the hypogastric artery and the bladder.

PMID- 682264
TI  - Spontaneous closure of vesicouterine fistula after cesarean section.

PMID- 682265
TI  - An unusual solution to complicated prostatic urethral stricture: modified pull
      through urethroplasty-urethroneocystostomy.
AB  - A modified transpubic pull-through procedure was used in a failed Solovov
      Badenoch pull-through repair of a traumatic prostatomembranous urethral
      stricture. The modification consisted of an incision of the intracrural septum
      through which the mobilized bulbous urethra was then passed and anastomosed to
      the most available dependent portion of the anterior bladder wall. The outcome
      was an unexpectedly good result that has persisted for more than 30 months. A
      review of the literature revealed no absolutely similar procedure.

PMID- 682266
TI  - Idiopathic priapism in the newborn.
AB  - Priapism in children usually results directly or indirectly from an underlying
      cause. Secondary priapism is extremely rare in neonates and idiopathic priapism
      has not been described previously.

PMID- 682267
TI  - Chylous ascites complicating retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy for testis tumors:
      management with peritoneovenous shunting.
AB  - Two cases of chylous ascites secondary to lymph node dissection for testicular
      tumors are reported. Non-surgical management failed to control the ascites in
      either patient. The use of the LeVeen shunt promptly and permanently controlled
      the ascites in 1 patient.

PMID- 682268
TI  - Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the prostate: report of a case.
AB  - Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the prostate is a rare but distinctive variant of
      prostatic adenocarcinoma. A case report is presented and the pathology,
      differential diagnosis and treatment modalities are discussed.

PMID- 682269
TI  - Conservative surgery for refractory sickle cell hematuria.
AB  - Two cases of recurrent hematuria from sickle cell disease are described. The
      technique of "calyoscopy" is presented, whereby the bleeding is localized,
      enabling a partial renal resection to be done. During a 5-year followup neither
      patient has had significant hematuria.

PMID- 682270
TI  - Percutaneous nephrostomy.

PMID- 682271
TI  - Segmental nephrogram.

PMID- 682272
TI  - Urologic complications of pelvic irradiation.

PMID- 682273
TI  - The effect of transurethral resection of the prostate on lymphocyte response in
      patients with prostatic cancer.

PMID- 682274
TI  - The Silber vasovasostomy: a method of learning the microsurgical technique.

PMID- 682275
TI  - Continuing education courses for physicians for the period from Sept 1, 1978,
      through Aug 31, 1979.

PMID- 682277
TI  - Health-related spin-offs of space exploration.

PMID- 682276
TI  - Burrowing through blocked arteries with a balloon 'relocates' plaques.

PMID- 682278
TI  - Spironolactone-induced lichen planus.

PMID- 682280
TI  - Aeromonas hydrophilia septicemia in a previously healthy man.

PMID- 682279
TI  - Anticonvulsant effects of local anesthetics.

PMID- 682281
TI  - Dysphagia from thoracic ankylotic spur.

PMID- 682283
TI  - Fiduciary responsibility.

PMID- 682282
TI  - The nutritionally unsound 'nutritional and metabolic antineoplastic diet' of
      laetrile proponents.

PMID- 682284
TI  - Inadvertently induced hypoglycemia.

PMID- 682285
TI  - Diagnosis of carbon monoxide poisoning.

PMID- 682286
TI  - Diagnosis of neuropathic vs myopathic disease.

PMID- 682287
TI  - Examination for epiglottitis.

PMID- 682288
TI  - Physician reporting of sexual abuse of children.

PMID- 682289
TI  - Peliosis hepatis in hematologic disease. Report of two cases.
AB  - Two patients with hematologic disease, one of whom had received androgenic
      steroids, had liver damage associated with peliosis hepatis. In one patient with
      spherocytic hemolytic anemia, peliosis hepatis was an incidental postmortem
      finding. In the other patient, who was treated with androgenic-anabolic steroids
      for aplastic anemia, hepatic failure associated with peliosis hepatis developed.
      Splenic involvement by peliosis was present in both patients. Peliosis hepatis
      should be considered in the differential diagnosis of hepatic disease in patients
      with hematologic disorders, especially if treatment has included androgenic
      anabolic steroids.

PMID- 682290
TI  - Aspiration of intrathoracic abscess. Resultant acute ventilatory failure.
AB  - Three cases illustrate that acute respiratory failure may be precipitated by
      spontaneous drainage of lung abscess or pleural empyema intrabronchially with
      diffuse aspiration of the contents bilaterally. This condition is especially
      hazardous if the cavity is large and the patient is debilitated or obtunded. The
      acute onset may mimic aspiration of gastric contents. Immediate studies of
      tracheal aspirate and roentgenograms of the chest should define the aspiration of
      intrathoracic abscess contents as the cause of acute respiratory failure.

PMID- 682291
TI  - A national study of medical and surgical specialties. II. Description of the
      survey instrument.
AB  - The survey instrument used in the national study of physician activities
      conducted by the University of Southern California, Division of Research in
      Medical Education, is a log-diary in which physicians kept a record of their
      actual professional activities. The log-diary focused on use of physician time
      and patient encounters and employed numerical coding of activities and patient
      encounters in a highly structured format. Compared with instruments used in
      similar studies, this log-diary appears to gather a greater breadth and depth of
      information about physician practice patterns.

PMID- 682292
TI  - Legionnaires' disease. Clinical findings and one-year follow-up.
AB  - The cases of six patients with Philadelphia Legionnaires' disease were studied
      during the acute phase and throughout the following year. This multisystems
      disease process developed abruptly with symptoms of chills, fever, myalgias, and
      headache. The unusual clinical association of fever with relative bradycardia was
      noted frequently. Pneumonia developed after the first few days and rapidly
      progressed to life-threatening respiratory failure despite penicillin and
      cephalosporin therapy. Improvement occurred within 48 hours after tetracycline or
      chloramphenicol was administered. No permament sequelae were noted on the one
      year follow-up examination, and no secondary cases of infection occurred.

PMID- 682293
TI  - Progressive sensory loss one year after bullet injury of spinal cord.

PMID- 682294
TI  - Prolonged anuria in Wegener's granulomatosis. Recovery of renal function.

PMID- 682295
TI  - Continuing medical education and the American Medical Association.

PMID- 682296
TI  - Suppressor cells may help prevent fetal rejection.

PMID- 682297
TI  - Legionnaires' disease holds diagnostic pitfalls.

PMID- 682298
TI  - Scientists urged to hold firm to eye transplant goal.

PMID- 682299
TI  - Cimetidine-induced coma in cirrhosis of the liver.

PMID- 682300
TI  - Women medical students.

PMID- 682301
TI  - Medical student transfers.

PMID- 682302
TI  - Sensitivity to deodorant sanitary pads.

PMID- 682303
TI  - Assessment of value of information for patients.

PMID- 682304
TI  - Genetic disorders in Southeast Asian immigrants.

PMID- 682305
TI  - Gonococcal proctitis.

PMID- 682306
TI  - Drug substitution.

PMID- 682307
TI  - Thiazide-induced hypomagnesemia.

PMID- 682308
TI  - Aerosol beclomethasone treatment of chronic severe asthma. A one-year experience.
AB  - After one year's use of beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol, 43 of 61 asthmatic
      patients who were originally dependent on oral corticosteroids were able to
      reduce and 38 to completely eliminate use of oral corticosteroids. Most patients
      maintained or improved their pulmonary functions. Exacerbation of rhinitis during
      oral corticosteroid withdrawal and emergence of nasal polyps were problems for 25
      patients. Exacerbation of asthma with upper respiratory infection was an
      important event: 21 patients required supplemental oral corticosteroids to
      control asthma. Oral candidiasis occurred in only three patients.

PMID- 682309
TI  - The multiproblem patient. A goal-oriented approach.
AB  - With greater accessibility of patients from lower socioeconomic backgrounds to
      medical care, the physician in private or clinical practice is increasingly
      confronted with patients whose medical problems either become quickly
      overshadowed by or entwined with seemingly hopeless socioeconomic or legal
      problems. Traditionally, these patients have sought help in charity hospitals and
      emergency rooms that are staffed with social workers, rehabilitation counselors,
      and other trained personnel who could deal with problems that were not
      specifically medical. As accessibility to physicians in private or clinical
      practice increases, the need for specific techniques in working with persons from
      this population becomes critical.

PMID- 682310
TI  - Association of acromegaly and meningiomas.

PMID- 682311
TI  - Smoke screens.

PMID- 682312
TI  - Superselective angiography.

PMID- 682313
TI  - It's back to white coats for Houston high schoolers.

PMID- 682314
TI  - Treatable brain diseases in the elderly.

PMID- 682316
TI  - Secondary malignant neoplasms in Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 682315
TI  - Prenatal life.

PMID- 682317
TI  - Language.

PMID- 682318
TI  - Giant vesical calculus.

PMID- 682319
TI  - Saltwater intoxication.

PMID- 682320
TI  - Fatal hyperkalemia from accidental overdose of potassium chloride.

PMID- 682321
TI  - Mianserin differentiated from tricyclic antidepressants.

PMID- 682322
TI  - Petriellidium boydii sinusitis.

PMID- 682323
TI  - Bed-population ratios.

PMID- 682324
TI  - Medical care and education in Australia.

PMID- 682325
TI  - Treatment of intractable uremic pericardial effusion. Avoidance of
      pericardiectomy with local steroid instillation.
AB  - Forty-five patients with uremic pericardial effusion were treated with local
      instillation of nonabsorbable steroid through an indwelling pericardial drainage
      catheter and followed up from one to 54 months. In these patients previous
      intensive dialysis and other attempts at control of the effusions were
      unsuccessful. The average hospitalization for percutaneous therapy was eight
      days. An asymptomatic internal mammary artery fistula developed in one patient.
      Another had resolution of her pericardial effusion but not of associated
      pericardial pain. She subsequently underwent pericardiectomy (stripping), without
      resolution of her pain. One patient had a recurrence of her effusion six months
      after therapy. Complications of this technique are rare. The relatively
      noninvasive drainage and local instillation of a nonabsorbable steroid is almost
      universally effective.

PMID- 682326
TI  - Screening and prevention of nutritional anemia during infancy. A prospective
      study of food fortification.
AB  - No important differences in hemoglobin and hematocrit values occurred among
      subgroups of a cohort of 295 healthy, mature infants who were fed various dietry
      regimens of iron-fortified products, including cereal, whole milk, and corn
      syrup. Among all infants between the ages of 4 and 27 months, the incidence of
      hematocrit readings and hemoglobin levels below 30% and 10 g/dl, respectively,
      was 0.6%, and below 33% and 11 g/dl, respectively, was 3.2%. Because of the low
      incidence of nutritional anemia after age 4 months, initial screening should be
      done at 1 to 4 months of age, and selectively thereafter. A formula of evaporated
      milk and corn syrum plus iron-fortified cereal during early months, then whole
      milk and a more diversified diet including continued use of iron-fortified cereal
      during later months of infancy, provides a nutritionally sound and economical
      diet with sufficient iron.

PMID- 682327
TI  - Internal fixation by the Ender method.
AB  - A new method for the intramedullary fixation of trochanteric fractures with
      prebent, 4.5-mm, round, semielastic nails has theoretical advantages over use of
      nail-plate devices. Use of the method in 25 patients suggest that it is
      mechanically sound, relatively easy to learn, and easier for the patient to
      tolerate. Operating room time is reduced and blood replacement was not necessary.
      No infections were encountered, and all patients who were ambulatory
      preoperatively remained ambulatory postoperatively.

PMID- 682328
TI  - Abuse of amitriptyline.
AB  - Amitriptyline hydrocholride (Elavil) is frequently used in treating mild to
      moderate depressive states. A survey of 346 persons enrolled in a methadone
      maintenance program showed that 86 (25%) had admitted taking amitriptyline with
      the purpose of achieving euphoria. Thin-layer chromatography of random urine
      specimens over five months showed that 34% of the patients had a positive result
      for amitriptyline at least once during this time. These results suggest that
      misuse of amitriptyline is not uncommon and should be carefully considered prior
      to prescribing this agent to narcotic dependent persons.

PMID- 682329
TI  - Tetraethyl lead poisoning from gasoline sniffing.
AB  - In two cases of organic lead poisoning due to habitual gasoline sniffing, one
      patient had temporary hypomania and recovered with treatment, while the other
      patient (who died) had signs of severe CNS and peripheral nervous system, muscle,
      hepatic, and renal damage. In addition he had features of long-term inorganic
      lead poisoning. This and the response of both cases to chelating agents suggest
      that organic lead is degraded in vivo to inorganic lead.

PMID- 682330
TI  - Gasoline sniffing, lead poisoning, and myoclonus.

PMID- 682331
TI  - Cardiogenic shock. Treatment by augmentation with a pulsatile assist device.

PMID- 682332
TI  - Hypermagnesemia following irrigation of renal pelvis. Cause of respiratory
      depression.

PMID- 682333
TI  - Solitary pulmonary nodule in sarcoidosis.

PMID- 682334
TI  - Joyful jogging.

PMID- 682335
TI  - Mucoid impaction of a bronchus.

PMID- 682336
TI  - The use of antidepressants in clinical practice.

PMID- 682337
TI  - Running.

PMID- 682338
TI  - Thrombosis of the Bjork-Shiley aortic valve prosthesis. Recognition and
      management.

PMID- 682339
TI  - High interest in medical uses of marijuana and synthetic analogues [new].

PMID- 682340
TI  - Chlorofluorocarbons phasing out.

PMID- 682341
TI  - Tyrosine deficiency and retardation.

PMID- 682342
TI  - Diet termination for PKU: Yes or no?

PMID- 682343
TI  - New Olympic physician record.

PMID- 682344
TI  - Intermittent claudication not always vascular.

PMID- 682345
TI  - New boost for depressed scars.

PMID- 682346
TI  - Medicine in Israel.

PMID- 682347
TI  - Permanent acupuncture needles.

PMID- 682348
TI  - Endoscopy for broncholith.

PMID- 682349
TI  - Coronary drug project.

PMID- 682350
TI  - Arteriovenous shunt.

PMID- 682351
TI  - Sickle cell trait and nonhypoxic splenic infarction.

PMID- 682352
TI  - Short-term adaptation to moderate altitude. Patients with chronic obstructive
      pulmonary disease.
AB  - Eight patients with mild-to-moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
      and average resting Pao2 of 66 mm Hg were studied clinically and physiologically
      at sea level and after ascent to 1,920 m. At sea level the patients were
      symptomatic but not disabled. After ascent the patients had only mild symptoms of
      fatigue and insomnia, and one had severe headache during exercise on the first
      day. Funduscopic changes were not observed, nor did cardiac or pulmonary findings
      change. Resting sea level Pao2 dropped to 51.5 mm Hg within three hours of
      ascent, and the Paco2 fell from 37.8 to 33.9 mm Hg. Over the next three days, the
      Pao2 increased to 54.5 mm Hg as hyperventilation continued. At exercise, sea
      level Pao2 dropped from a mean value of 63 to 46.8 mm Hg at altitude. Pulse rates
      at rest or exercise did not change. Normal values for 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3
      DPG) did not change after ascent at 16 and 42 hours. We believe aircraft flight
      or travel to moderate altitudes for this type of COPD patient is safe.
      Preexisting hypoxemia resulting from disease may facilitate the adaptation of
      patients to severe hypoxia and may prevent symptoms similar to acute mountain
      sickness.

PMID- 682353
TI  - Disseminated histoplasmosis in corticosteroid-treated patients. Report of five
      cases.
AB  - Although Histoplasma capsulatum is not generally considered an opportunistic
      organism, we have seen five corticosteroid-treated patients in whom disseminated
      histoplasmosis (DH) developed. Persistent, unexplained fever was the predominant
      symptom in each. Death was directly attributable to DH in four. The interval from
      onset of symptoms to diagnosis ranged from 11 to 75 days; delay in diagnosis
      adversely affected prognosis. Culture of the bone marrow appears to be the best
      diagnostic study. The pathologic features of DH in immunocompromised hosts are
      the presence of large numbers of Histoplasma yeast forms within macrophages,
      absence of discrete granulomas, and a reduced or absent inflammatory response.
      Histoplasma capsulatum should be considered as a possible cause in any
      immunosuppressed patient with unexplained fever, especially if the patient has
      been receiving corticosteroid therapy.

PMID- 682354
TI  - Fatal Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
AB  - Forty-four fatal cases of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) occurring in 1974
      were compared with 50 nonfatal cases of similar age, sex, date of onset, and
      place of occurrence. Diagnosis and initiation of treatment in fatal cases were
      substantially delayed compared with nonfatal cases. Several reasons for this
      delay were identified: (1) the rash appeared later in the course of illness in
      the fatal cases, often not until the patient was terminal, (2) a history of tick
      bite was less often obtained during life or obtained late in the clinical course
      in fatal cases, and (3) initial nonspecific symptoms or unexpected symptoms led
      to an initial diagnosis of more common diseases. Only two fatal cases were
      treated with either tetracycline or chloramphenicol before the sixth day of
      illness. Presumptive diagnosis of RMSF and initiation of tetracycline therapy
      before onset of rash may be necessary to reduce mortality.

PMID- 682355
TI  - Parathyroid cysts. Medical diagnosis and management.
AB  - Two patients had asymptomatic neck masses that proved to be cystic. In each case,
      the lesions resolved after needle aspiration of 25 ml of clear, colorless fluid.
      Serum thyroid indexes and calcium levels were normal. Cyst fluid parathyroid
      hormone (PTH) levels were 0.56 and 1.50 ng/ml, respectively. The serum PTH level
      in case 1, determined at the same time, was less than 0.05 ng/ml (normal, 0 to
      0.3 ng/ml). These observations indicate that (1) clear, colorless cyst fluid may
      indicate a parathyroid cyst, (2) serum and cyst fluid PTH levels can confirm the
      diagnosis, and (3) needle aspiration may be appropriate therapy for the benign,
      nonfunctioning parathyroid cyst.

PMID- 682356
TI  - Asplenia syndrome. A study of congenital anomalies in 16 cases.
AB  - Sixteen new cases of the asplenia syndrome with autopsy findings had a female
      preponderance of 2:1. Racial incidence of splenic agenesis was nine whites and
      seven blacks. The average life span of the infants born alive was approximately
      38 days. All infants with the asplenia syndrome had recorded weights and lengths
      below normal standard values. Surgical palliation of the cardiovascular anomalies
      in the asplenia syndrome was attempted in two cases. The incidence of the
      asplenia syndrome from the large autopsy series at the Medical University of
      South Carolina is one case per 2,000 autopsies.

PMID- 682357
TI  - Actinomycosis of the urinary bladder. Association with an intrauterine
      contraceptive device.

PMID- 682358
TI  - Fatal hyperkalemia and hyperchloremic acidosis. Association with spironolactone
      in the absence of renal impairment.

PMID- 682359
TI  - Ruptured Baker's cyst simulating acute thrombophlebitis.

PMID- 682360
TI  - Upper-extremity suppurative thrombophlebitis and septic pulmonary emboli.

PMID- 682361
TI  - Obstructive lung disease and altitude adaptation.

PMID- 682362
TI  - Thyroiditis and thyrotoxicosis.

PMID- 682363
TI  - A modern view of the surgical treatment of peripheral arterial disease.
AB  - As life expectancy increases, more patients will harbor atherosclerotic
      conditions that portend disability and death. Due basically to a communication
      gap, sizable numbers of these patients who stand to benefit from vascular
      reconstruction are not being referred or are being referred too late to vascular
      surgeons. Vascular surgery currently can save limbs, extend productivity and life
      expectancy, ameliorate hypertension, and prevent stroke more reliably and with
      less risk than ever before. As the subspeciality of vascular surgery has matured,
      has incorporated additional fellowship training, and now approaches potential
      recognition in some yet to be determined form by The American Board of Surgery,
      it is incumbent on general physicians and vascular surgeons alike to develop
      appropriate channels that can transmit clinical concepts, educational
      information, and clinical results, as well as refer patients.

PMID- 682364
TI  - Prevention of postoperative infection. Methods and results in 2,842 orthopedic
      surgical cases.

PMID- 682365
TI  - [Studies on diffusion of chemotherapeutic agents into blood, uterine, oviduct and
      ovary of rabbits and urinary recovery. On dibekacin (DKB) and ampicillin (ABPC)
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 682366
TI  - [Studies on diffusion of chemotherapeutic agents in uterine muscle, foetus,
      placenta, amnion and amniotic fluid of pregnant rabbits. On dibekacin (DKB) and
      ampicillin (ABPC) (author's transl)].

PMID- 682367
TI  - [Evaluation of cephapirin in the field of oral surgery (author's transl)].

PMID- 682368
TI  - [Experimental studies on the passage of antibiotics into cerebrospinal fluid in
      staphylococcal meningitis in rabbits. II. Cephaloridine, cephalothin and
      cefazolin (author's transl)].
AB  - Passage of cephaloridine, cephalothin and cefazolin into cerebrospinal fluid
      (CSF) was evaluated in Staphylococcus aureus meningitis in rabbits and the
      following results were obtained. 1. Concentration in CSF (microgram/ml)
      [CSF/serum ratio (%)] was determined 1/2, 1 and 2 hours after a single
      intravenous injection of 100 mg/kg of each antibiotic, respectively;
      cephaloridine-7.5 [8.9], 9.7 [13.8], 9.1 [22.6]; cephalothin-0.42 [3.6], 0.23
      [6.4], not detectable [0]; cefazolin-7.5 [11.8], 5.2 [19.3], 2.0 [17.5]. 2. When
      results with cefazolin after an intravenous injection 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg
      were compared, a definite dose response was noted in blood concentration but not
      in CSF concentration. 3. A standard error of CSF concentrations of each
      antibiotic was larger than that of penicillins, and "Unpredictability" of their
      passage into CSF was considered to be one of the characteristics common to these
      three drugs in respect of their passage into CSF. 4. There was no significant
      difference noted in antibiotic passage into CSF between cephaloridine of low
      protein binding rate and cefazolin of very high binding rate. Cephalothin, of
      which binding rate was intermediate, showed a remarkably lower passage into CSF.
      These results indicate that a correlation does not always exist between protein
      binding rate of the antibiotics and their passage into CSF. 5. Based on the above
      results, a review of the literature was made on clinical applicability of these
      three antibiotics in the treatment of bacterial meningitis. Low transport rate of
      cephalothin into CSF and nephrotoxicity of cephaloridine make them to be
      unsuitable for bacterial meningitis. Cefazolin is considered to be suitable in
      the treatment of ampicillin-resistant Escherichia coli meningitis and Gram
      positive coccal meningitis in which penicillins are not applicable.

PMID- 682369
TI  - Experimentally-induced agammaglobulinemia in Japanese quails.
AB  - Induction of agammaglobulinemia in Japanese quails was attempted by various
      procedures of bursectomy (BX) including hormonal BX (H-BX) with testosterone,
      surgical BX (S-BX), chemical BX (C-BX) with cyclophosphamide and irradiation with
      gamma-ray. Immunosuppressive effect of BX was evaluated by antibody production in
      response to immunization with bovine serum albumin and sheep red blood cells, by
      the level of natural antibody, and by the amount of immunoglobulins in sera. As a
      result, two procedures, i.e. combination of H-BX, S-BX, and C-BX and combination
      of H-BX, S-BX and irradiation were found to induce most frequently complete
      aggamaglobulinemia in which neither immunoglobulin nor antibody production was
      detected. Mechanisms of immunosuppression of these BX procedures were discussed
      from the morphological aspect of development of the bursa.

PMID- 682370
TI  - On the serology of Plesiomonas shigelloides.
AB  - The serology of 87 strains of Plesiomonas shigelloides was studied. Thirty O
      antigenic groups and 11 H antigens were defined within the 87 strains, and an
      antigenic schema consisting of 40 serovars was established. Some O antigens of P.
      shigelloides were identical or closely related to those of some Shigella
      serovars.

PMID- 682372
TI  - Molecular sizes of botulinum toxins in foods [proceedings].

PMID- 682371
TI  - Mouse-strain difference in immunoprophylactic and immunotherapeutic effects of
      BCG on carcinogen-induced autochthonous tumors.
AB  - The prophylactic and therapeutic effects of BCG on the tumors induced by 3
      methylcholanthrene (MCA) were studied comparatively between two inbred mouse
      strains, SWM/Ms and C3H/He, the first tumor appeared 5 weeks after MCA and the
      cumulative tumor incidence reached almost 100% within 20 weeks. On the other
      hand, the first tumor appeared 8 weeks after MCA in SWM/Ms, the number of tumor
      bearers increased more slowly than in C3H/He, and the final tumor incidence (at
      30 weeks) was about 90-80%. Single subcutaneous injection with BCG 2 weeks prior
      to MCA significantly protected SWM/Ms from tumor development, but not in C3H/He.
      These tumors, once appeared grew progressively and killed the hosts equally in
      both the strains. Intratumor (i.t.) injection with BCG showed more or less
      therapeutic effects in SWM/Ms; most tumors regressed or retarded after BCG. The
      time period after tumor-appearance to tumor-death was prolonged in most of SWM/Ms
      mice given i.t. injection with BCG, except a few mice that died earlier than non
      treated controls after BCG. Contrary, no therapeutic effect of i.t. injection
      with BCG was observed in C3H/He. different host responses to BCG between SWM/Ms
      and C3H/He were found by the peritoneal macrophage disappearance test and the
      footpad reaction test; SWM/Ms was a high-responder to BCG and C3H/He was a low
      responder. The marked differences between SWM/Ms and C3H/He in prophylactic and
      therapeutic effects of BCG on the autochthonous tumors were discussed in terms of
      difference of the host immune response to BCG that is defined genetically.

PMID- 682373
TI  - Absorption of botulinum type B progenitor and derivative toxins through the
      intestine [proceedings].

PMID- 682374
TI  - Purification and characterization of Clostridium botulinum type C toxin
      [proceedings].

PMID- 682375
TI  - Horseshoe crab (Tachypleus tridentatus) clotting enzyme: a new sensitive assay
      method for bacterial endotoxin [proceedings].

PMID- 682376
TI  - The role of coagulation system in the cytotoxicity of the bone marrow reactions
      by endotoxin [proceedings].

PMID- 682377
TI  - Studies on the interaction between proteolipid and bacterial pyrogen
      [proceedings].

PMID- 682378
TI  - Effects of homologous O-antiserum on the immunological activities of
      lipopolysaccharide [proceedings].

PMID- 682379
TI  - Mode of action of cord factor [proceedings].

PMID- 682380
TI  - Envenomation of Chiracanthium japonicum and the properties of the spider venom
      [proceedings].

PMID- 682381
TI  - Studies on the method of determining the effect of antimyonecrotic factor
      antibody in Habu-antivenin [proceedings].

PMID- 682382
TI  - Resolution of the main hemorrhagic principle of Trimeresurus flavoviridis venom
      into two parts, HRIA and HRIB [proceedings].

PMID- 682383
TI  - Chemical modification of staphylococcal enterotoxin B with tetranitromethane
      [proceedings].

PMID- 682384
TI  - Characterization of staphylococcal exfoliatin A as a metallotoxin, with special
      reference to determination of the contained metal by radioactivation analysis
      [proceedings].

PMID- 682385
TI  - Treatment of FL cells with neuraminidase stimulating the sensitivities to
      diphtheria toxin and ricin toxin [proceedings].

PMID- 682386
TI  - Lecithinases of Clostridium novyi, with special reference to the implication in
      typing [proceedings].

PMID- 682387
TI  - Studies on Clostridium oedematiens toxin with special reference to
      differentiation of the lethal, oedematous, hemolytic and lecithinase activities
      [proceedings].

PMID- 682388
TI  - Attempts at analysis of toxicity of pertussis vaccine. III. Effects of endotoxin
      on leukocytosis in mice due to lymphocytosis-promoting factor and reference
      preparations for determination of lymphocytosis-promoting factor.
AB  - The effect of bacterial endotoxin on the change in peripheral leukocyte
      population in mice due to the lymphocytosis-promoting factor (LPF) was
      investigated. Endotoxin affected not only the total leukocyte count but also the
      leukocyte proportions at any observation time. Both the coefficient and the
      intercept of regression of the leukocytic response on dose of LPF were modified
      by endotoxin. Therefore, in a valid biological assay for LPF using the peripheral
      leukocyte count as a response, a common reference preparation available for any
      test materials, irrespective of presence or absence of endotoxin, will be
      impracticable. Two reference preparations were tentatively established, one being
      a vaccine and the other an LPF preparation containing little endotoxin. A unitage
      of LP activity was assigned to each reference preparation. The results also
      showed that an LPF material to be tested for its possible effects on the
      lymphatic tissues or the reticuloendothelial system should be free from
      endotoxin.

PMID- 682389
TI  - Segmental blood pressure of the leg and its clinical use.
AB  - Systolic blood pressure at various levels of the leg was measured in 80 normal
      subjects by photoelectric plethysmography with a blood pressure cuff. Due to the
      higher pressure value at the thigh, calf, ankle, and foot and lower pressure
      value at the toe, the pressure gradient between each proximal site and the toe
      was significantly higher in the older (50-82) than in the younger age group (17
      49). Therefore, normal values were determined separately in these two groups. In
      64 limbs of 42 patients with arterial occlusive disease, a comparison between
      segmental blood pressure and arteriographic findings was made. Segmental blood
      pressure may be a rough indicator of the severity of arterial occlusion present
      and may refrect the status of the major conduits of the leg. An abnormal ankle
      toe pressure gradient was found in only 52 per cent of limbs, although all 64
      limbs had undergone an occlusive process distal to the ankle. In limbs with
      significantly low ankle blood pressure due to proximal lesions, less frequency
      and severity of an abnormal ankle-toe pressure gradient were seen than in limbs
      with normal ankle blood pressure. When pressure gradients between two different
      levels are used in clinical work, the blood pressure at the more proximal level
      should be always considered.

PMID- 682390
TI  - Histological evaluation of the effect of 5-FU emulsion on lymph node metastasis
      of stomach cancer.
AB  - In order to evaluate the effect of anticancer drugs on the metastatic lesions of
      the regional lymph nodes from stomach cancers removed after oral administration
      of 5-FU emulsion, histological examinations of the specimens obtained from 107
      surgical cases were carried out. In additional 13 cases with gastric cancer, the
      active 5-FU concentrations in the regional lymph nodes were determined. The
      effect of 5-FU emulsion in metastatic lesions as determined was histologically
      classified into Grades 0 to III according to the severity and extent of damaged
      cells and cell nests Grades II and III were judged to demonstrate the beneficial
      effect of the 5-FU emulsion. Such changes were identified in 62.0 per cent of the
      242 metastatic lymph nodes, and the effectiveness increased as the total dose of
      the 5-FU emulsion administered increased (50.9 per cent for 5,000 mg or less,
      70.9 per cent for 5,000 to 6,000 mg, and 72.7 per cent for 6,000 mg or more). The
      rate of effectiveness also varied with the histological type of the primary
      carcinoma, i.e. the differentiated type being more sensitive. The mean active 5
      FU level in the regional lymph nodes was higher after the administration of 5-FU
      emulsion than of 5-FU solution supporting the earlier animal experiments.

PMID- 682391
TI  - Entire colon aganglionosis, and extensive aganglionosis: analysis of 94 cases in
      Japan.
AB  - Incidence, sex distribution, length of the involved bowel, associated
      malformations, treatment and operative results were analysed in 94 cases of
      entire colon aganglionosis, 87 of which were collected from 42 institutions in
      Japan and seven treated in our department. In this series, 62 were entire colon
      aganglionosis and 32 were extensive aganglionosis. Incidence of entire colon
      aganglionosis was four per cent of all aganglionosis seen, and that of extensive
      aganglionosis was two per cent. Male: female ratio was 2:1 in cases with entire
      colon aganglionosis and 1.3:1 in extensive aganglionosis. Associated malformation
      was rare in both of entire colon, or extensive aganglionosis. Of the 94 cases, 41
      cases survived neonatal period, and cure was obtained in 23 of entire colon
      aganglionosis and three of extensive aganglionosis.

PMID- 682393
TI  - Arrangement pattern of new-lining endothelial cells.
AB  - New-lining endothelial cells in the neointimae of two types of synthetic vascular
      prostheses were examined by light- and electron microscopy. Examination was
      carried out at one to 846 days post implantation of the prostheses in the
      thoracic aortae of 57 canines. The surfaces of both types of prostheses were
      covered by a continuous layer of endothelial cells. The long axes of the cells
      were found to be parallel to the blood stream. This observation indicates that
      the arrangement pattern of endothelial cells in the neointimae is largely
      dependent on the direction of the blood stream rather than on the direction of
      the tension exerted on the vascular prostheses.

PMID- 682392
TI  - Successfully resected carcinoma of the bifurcation of the main hepatic ducts-
      report of two cases.
AB  - Two cases of carcinoma of the bifurcation of the main hepatic ducts are
      presented. The tumors were successfully removed by resection of the bifurcation
      in one case, and by left hepatic lobectomy in the other. Some other 38 cases of
      the same condition collected from the world literature are briefly reviewed and
      discussed with particular reference to their surgical interventions.

PMID- 682394
TI  - A study on electrocardiographic changes during long-term cardiac pacing.
AB  - This report describes the clinical evaluation of chest wall stimulation (CWS)
      follow-up studies in patients implanted with pacemakers and the value of this
      method for the observation of intrinsic rhythm. The CWS method was used to
      periodically check the intrinsic rhythm in 25 long-term pacemaker cases with
      atrioventricular block. After an average of 26.6 months, an improvement of
      conduction disturbance was seen in four cases (16 per cent), aggravation was
      noted in 11 cases (44 per cent), and no change was found in 10 cases (40 per
      cent). In five patients exhibiting aggravation, no intrinsic rhythm could be
      detected. Improvement was noted only in atrioventricular and not in
      intraventricular conduction. Six generators with demand failures were also
      detected during the course of this study.

PMID- 682395
TI  - Surgical treatment of the aortic aneurysm.
AB  - For 93 cases of thoracic and 118 cases of abdominal aneurysms, the over-all
      operative mortality rate was 24.7 per cent and 9.3 per cent, respectively.
      Although the over-all operative mortality rate for 37 patients with aneurysms of
      the ascending aorta or aortic arch had been 40.5 per cent, recent advances in
      surgical technique led to a higher survival rate so that since 1975 no death
      occurred among 14 consecutive surgery cases. Cardiopulmonary bypass with or
      without selective perfusion of the carotid arteries or temporary external bypass
      procedures were employed in these 14 cases. The over-all operative mortality rate
      for 56 patients with aneurysms of the descending thoracic aorta was 14.3 per
      cent. Temporary external bypass procedures were employed in 49 cases. The
      operative mortality rate for 99 patients with unruptured abdominal aneurysms was
      five per cent, and that for 19 patients with ruptured aneurysms was 31.5 per
      cent.

PMID- 682396
TI  - The estimation of blood platelet survival. VI. Evaluation of the graphical
      method.
AB  - An experiment was performed in which 13 scientists experienced in analyzing data
      on platelet survival were sent blind duplicate sets of ten platelet survival
      curves and requested to fit the "best" straight line through the data by eye and
      determine its point of intersection with the time axis. The duplicate sets
      labeled "control" and "aspirin" respectively were artificial data generated from
      evaluation for various times of a gamma curve of order five and adding random
      independent normal (Gaussian) errors having a standard deviation of 0.03. The
      results were analyzed to examine inter- and intra-observer variance,
      reproducibility and bias. The range of means of estimated survival was 8.68 days
      to 11.59 days and in the control data showed about 63 times as much variance
      among observers as that due to random error of measurement alone. The "aspirin"
      data showed similar results. Correlation coefficients within observers for the
      pairs of estimates varied from -0.307 to +0.920. Three observers showed strong
      systematic differences between the duplicate readings. These results provide
      clear evidence of the need for formal, rather than graphical, analysis of the
      data.

PMID- 682397
TI  - The Columbia population study. I. Plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels.

PMID- 682398
TI  - Rickettsial diseases.

PMID- 682399
TI  - [State of the central circulation in prolonged hypokinesia in patients with a
      locomotor apparatus lesion].
AB  - Long-term bed rest of patients with tuberculous affection of the locomotor system
      results in gradual change in the circulatory system. The initial stage of
      hypokinesia is characterized by diminution of the total and central blood volume,
      by reduction of the arterial and venous pressure bringing to a decrease in the
      cardiac out-put volume. Then stabilization of the hemodynamics at the new level
      takes place due to the intensive action of certain compensatory mechanisms.

PMID- 682400
TI  - [Successful operation for aortico-left ventricular tunnel].

PMID- 682401
TI  - [Double tricuspid valve. A new concept of the formation of double
      atrioventricular valves].

PMID- 682402
TI  - [Interatrial septal defect in a child with the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome].

PMID- 682403
TI  - [Aspects of the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome].

PMID- 682404
TI  - [Changes in the vector- and electrocardiograms in the Valsalva and Burger test].

PMID- 682405
TI  - [Effect of sensitization and anaphylactic shock on myocardial ultrastructure].

PMID- 682406
TI  - [Results of correcting isolated secondary defects of the interatrial septum under
      moderate hypothermia].
AB  - Operative treatment of isolated secondary interatrial septal defects in 236
      patients is analysed. The results testify to the small degree of risk in suturing
      interatrial septal defects under conditions of moderate hypothermia. A study of
      central and intracardiac hemodynamics made it possible to reveal the development
      of acute pulmonary hypertension in some patients after the operation, which may
      be of a reflex character or a consequence of left ventricular insufficiency. A
      differential diagnosis and a therapeutic test are suggested for the
      differentiation and therapy of these conditions.

PMID- 682407
TI  - [Ischemic heart disease in normal coronary vessels].

PMID- 682408
TI  - [Heart operations on young children under deep hypothermia].
AB  - The authors discuss their clinical experience in the use of deep hypothermia in
      combination with auxiliary extracorporeal circulation. Operations were performed
      on 124 children (total mortality 23.4%). Lowest mortality was noted in correction
      of ventricular septal defect; 12 out of 82 patients died, which accounts for
      approximately 14.6%. A follow-up of the remote results shows that the method has
      no harmful effect on the central nervous system.

PMID- 682409
TI  - [Late results of the radical correction of Ebstein's anomaly].
AB  - The results of a follow-up of 35 patients (including 18 children and adolescents)
      for periods of 6 months to 11 years after radical correction of Ebstein's anomaly
      are analysed. The results were good in 25 patients, satisfactory--in 6 and poor-
      in one patient; 3 patients died. The result was poor in one of the patients
      because the thin walled arterialized part of the right ventricle was not
      plicated. Death in the remote period was caused by disorders of the cardiac
      rhythm (atrioventricular block--Morgagni-Adams-Stokes syndrome), "prosthetic"
      endocarditis, and influenzal pneumonia. Complications of the remote period are
      analysed and the measures for their prevention and treatment substantiated.

PMID- 682410
TI  - [Late results of the surgical treatment of tetralogy of Fallot in children
      operated on in the 1st year of life].
AB  - Thirty-seven children who had been operated on for tetralogy of Fallot during the
      first year of life were examined in remote postoperative periods (in 5 years and
      5 months, on the average). They all underwent palliative operations. The
      condition of 78.4% of them in remote postoperative periods was found to be good
      or satisfactory; in 8 patients (21.6% the result of the operation was poor. With
      prolongation of the follow-up period, the effect of the operation tends to be
      less favourable than in the initial period. The causes aggravating the patients,
      condition in the remote periods are: an anatomically unfavourable variant of the
      anomaly, the development of hypo- or hyperfunction of the anastomosis, faults in
      the surgical techniques of the operation.

PMID- 682411
TI  - [Late results and rehabilitation of patients with secondary interatrial septal
      defects].
AB  - The remote results were studied in 194 patients operated on for secondary atrial
      septal defects at ages of 18 months to 41 years. The follow-up period ranged from
      5 months to 11 years. The ECG was normal in 74.7% of patients, its improvement
      was noted in 8.7% of patients. Disorders of rhythm were encountered in 10.3% of
      patients, their incidence being 2 1/2 times higher among adults than among
      children. The systolic murmur disappeared in 29.8% and diminished in 50.8% of
      patients. The diastolic murmur was corrected in 92.2% of cases. Splitting of the
      second sound disappeared in 66% and diminished in 6% of patients. The size of the
      heart on a radiogram became normal in 32.2% and its enlargement became less in
      41% of the patients examined. The heart grows smaller within 2--3 years and the
      pulmonary pattern becomes normal in 1--2 years. The process is more rapid in
      children. The postoperative result was good in 90% of patients.

PMID- 682412
TI  - [Counterpulsation by means of a new device with a pulsatile blood flow in open
      heart operations (author's transl)].
AB  - A new counterpulsation method in operations on an open heart is described.
      Clinical experience in the use of the new device in 124 patients, which also
      makes it possible to produce a pulsatile flow of blood in the system of
      extracorporeal circulation, testifies to its effectiveness. The authors claim
      that the positive changes in cardiac output, diastolic and systolic pressure, and
      coronary circulation are among the factors which cause an improvement in the
      final result of the operation in patients with severe valvular diseases and
      ischemic heart disease.

PMID- 682413
TI  - [Thrombocyte aggregating capacity in ischemic heart disease caused by coronary
      arteriosclerosis].
AB  - A distinct increase in the aggregative property of blood platelets, displayed by
      an increased degree of aggregation and enlargement of the platelet aggregates,
      was revealed in patients with ischemic disease of the heart. The more severe the
      atherosclerotic process in the coronary arteries (according to the findings of
      selective coronarography), the more is the aggregative property of platelets
      intensified. The stimulating effect of smoking on platelet aggregation was also
      established.

PMID- 682414
TI  - [Problems of the diagnosis and surgical treatment of congenital heart defects].

PMID- 682415
TI  - [Characteristics of blood coagulation and of the red blood in patients with an
      arteriosclerotic lesion of the abdominal aorta].
AB  - The values of blood coagulation and red blood were studied in 74 patients with
      various forms of atherosclerotic affection of the abdominal aorta and its
      branches. Tendency towards hypercoagulation both before operation and in various
      periods after it was revealed in these patients. The development of thrombotic
      complications is preceded by a marked increase in the fibrinogen level and in the
      blood platelet count. High hematocrit with a relatively small erythrocyte count
      and hemoglobin concentration was revealed, which was linked with the spheric
      shape of the erythrocytes. It is concluded that a complex of antithrombotic
      therapy is necessary; it should be begun before the operation and continued
      particularly actively in the first two postoperative weeks.

PMID- 682416
TI  - [Importance of correlating catecholamines and acetylcholine in the acute period
      of complicated and uncomplicated myocardial infarct].
AB  - The data obtained by the author testifies to the fact that in various clinical
      forms of myocardial infarction, there are definite correlations between
      biologically active substances, reflecting the reactivity of the cholinergic and
      adrenergic systems. In non-complicated myocardial infarction the predominance of
      catecholamines is noted, as a rule. In complicated course of the disease with a
      favourable outcome, the absolute content of the biologically active substances is
      at maximum and the predominance of catecholamines remains; in some cases,
      however, the predominance of acetylcholine is observed. In myocardial infarction
      with a fatal outcome, there is practically no stable predominance of this or that
      substance with a distinct tendency to the growth of the acetylcholine content and
      an inadequate change in the content of catecholamines.

PMID- 682417
TI  - [Effect of infection foci and preexisting pathology on immunological shifts and
      the course of the disease in myocardial infarct patients].
AB  - The course of the disease and the dunamics of immunologic shifts were compared in
      277 patients suffering from myocardial infarction, 87 of whom had foci of
      infection and chronic infectious-allergic diseases while 190 had no
      complications. In patients of the first group the disease was usually of a
      lingering character and anticardiac antibodies were found in circulation for
      lengthy periods of time. The incidence of chronic tonsillitis and odontogenous
      infectious foci was higher among patients with myocardial infarction complicated
      by the postinfarction syndrome than among those with a noncomplicated course of
      the disease (in 12 out of 20 and in 3 out of 20 patients, respectively).

PMID- 682418
TI  - [Problems of the pathogenesis of cor pulmonale in chronic nonspecific lung
      diseases].
AB  - The article discusses the values of 22 external respiration indices reflecting
      the condition of the lung volumes and their ratios, the irregular distribution of
      the ventilation-perfusion ratios, the alveolar ventilation, the diffusion
      property of the lungs, and the gas composition of the alveolar air in patients
      with chronic nonspecific diseases of the lungs before and after the development
      of chronic cor pulmonale and in its stages of compensation and decompensation.
      Correlative and regressive analysis of the main pathogenetic mechanisms was
      conducted, making it possible to reveal the contribution made by each of them to
      the pathogenesis of cor pulmonale.

PMID- 682419
TI  - [Assessment of the circulatory state in varicose disease of the lower
      extremities].

PMID- 682420
TI  - [Method for the quantitative assessment of myocardial overload in cardiac
      fibrillation].
AB  - The dependence of the pulse pressure and cardiac output on the duration of the
      preceding cardiac cycle (R--R) in cardiac fibrillation was studied. The stress
      experienced by the myocardium due to deterioration of the pumping activity of the
      heart in arrhythmia may be calculated quite precisely by the method suggested by
      the authors. The "coefficient of myocardial overexertion" introduced in the work
      shows the percentage by which the heart has to increase the number of
      contractions so as to provide for a stable minute volume in arrhythmia.

PMID- 682421
TI  - [Ventricullar fibrillation in the acute stage of myocardial infarct. II. The
      characteristics of the heart functional changes in experimental myocardial
      infarct complicated by ventricullar fibrillation].
AB  - In acute experiments on dogs, occlusion of the anterior descending branch of the
      left coronary artery induced two-phase changes in the cardiac and stroke output
      (which increased at first and then decreased), drop in arterial pressure, and
      decrease in the rate of cardiac contractions. The experiments which terminated in
      ventricular fibrillation were characterized by a number of peculiarities: a more
      rapid replacement of the phase of primary increase in the cardiac and stroke
      output by the phase of their decrease; a sharper drop in arterial pressure as
      compared with that in experiments without fibrillation; marked decrease in
      cardiac activity which in experiments without fibrillation underwent two-phase
      changes, it increased a little at first and then decreased.

PMID- 682422
TI  - Isolation and characterization of rat glomerular epithelial cells in vitro.
AB  - Rat glomeruli were isolated by a graded sieving technique, and the nature and
      purity of the preparation were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A
      great majority of the glomeruli (86.0 +/- 6.0%) were not encapsulated, and there
      was very little contamination of the preparations with tubular fragments. By
      supplementing tissue culture medium with conditioned medium (CM) and insulin, we
      were able to grow single cells from dissociated rat glomeruli. From these single
      cells, we were able to clone and maintain in culture three distinct cell types.
      Also, with this specialized medium, we were able to clone these three cell types
      from outgrowths of whole golmeruli. One of these cell types was characterized as
      glomerular epithelial cells (GEC). GEC, as opposed to the other two cloned cell
      types obtained in this study, had cilia on their surfaces and also possessed
      receptors for complement (C3) in vitro. Low concentrations of the aminonucleoside
      of puromycin (AMNS), which have been shown to be specifically cytotoxic to GEC in
      vivo, were found to be cytotoxic to GEC but not to the other two glomerular cells
      in vitro. In addition, GEC did not contain antihemophilic factor (factor VIII), a
      marker for endothelium, nor were they able to phagocytose polystyrene spherules
      in vitro, as can mesangial cells in short-term culture.

PMID- 682423
TI  - Ischemic damage and repair in the rat proximal tubule: differences among the S1,
      S2, and S3 segments.
AB  - Rats were subjected to 25 min of unilateral renal artery occlusion and were
      studied at 5, 15, and 30 min and at 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, and 48 hr following
      ischemia. The patterns of epithelial injury and repair in proximal tubule (PT)
      segments S1, S2, and S3 were followed, and associated changes in renal function
      were determined. We found that S1 and S2 cells alike are only reversibly injured
      and recover completely to normalcy within 4 hr, whereas S3 cells selectively
      undergo progressive cell injury and death and are exfoliated into tubular lumina.
      The necrotic S3 cells are replaced by mitotic division of survivor cells 24 to 48
      hr following the ischemic insult. In addition, there was selective damage within
      tubular cells. Wiithin 5 min of blood reflow following ischemia, the majority of
      brush border microvilli (MV) in all three PT segments underwent coalescence by
      membrane fusion and thus were interiorized into the cytoplasm of PT cells. A
      minority of MV fragmented and were shed into PT lumina, but nephron obstruction
      by shed membranes was only mild and transient, unlike in the 1-hr ischemia model.
      Loss of MV reached a maximum of 15 min. By 30 min, MV began to reappear; by 2 hr,
      large numbers of MV had been regenerated; and by 4 hr, S1 and S2 cells appeared
      normal. The regenerative process included the luminal repositioning of previously
      interiorized MV membrane. MV regeneration occurred in S3 segments also, but
      before the process was complete, the cells developed features of irreversible
      cellular injury. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was 22% of control at 30 min of
      reflow, rose progressively to 55% of normal by 7 to 8 hr, and was normal at 24
      hr. Single nephron filtration rate (SNGFR) was not significantly different from
      normal throughout. Proximal tubular sodium reabsorption was depressed and urinary
      sodium excretion increased at 30 min and at 2 to 3 hr, i.e., at times when MV
      alterations were prominent, but both were normal by 7 to 8 hr when MV in S1 and
      S2 cells had been fully reconstituted. Our major conclusions are: 1) There is
      differential susceptibility by cell type to ischemic injury in rat PT. 2) A rapid
      brush border loss/regeneration cycle occurs after ischemic injury. 3) Intact
      brush border may be required for normal sodium reabsorption by PT. Reasons for
      the GFR/SNGFR discrepancy are unclear, but tubular malfunction may partly explain
      the phenomenon.

PMID- 682424
TI  - Relation of ammonia excretion adaptation to glutaminase activity in acidotic,
      subtotalnephrectomized rats.
AB  - The response of renal ammonia excretion to acidosis was examined in adult rats
      with reduced renal mass (SNX). Three days after surgical ablation of 70% of renal
      mass, the activity of renal phosphate-dependent glutaminase (PDG) in SNX rats was
      7.7 +/- 1.5 mu moles of ammonia/100 mg of protein min or approximately 50% of the
      activity in normal rats (14.5 +/- 2.6 mu moles of ammonia/100 mg of protein min),
      but enhanced ammonia excretion per unit weight was observed in SNX rats (7.2 +/-
      0.7 in control vs. 14.6 +/- 3.2 mumoles/g of kidney.hr in SNX rats). The cause
      (s) of the reduction in the specific activity of PDG (as well as the increase in
      ammonia excretion) is unknown. The PDG decrease was not due to apparent tissue
      damage and appeared to be a specific change as the activity of renal succinate
      dehydrogenase, another mitochondrial inner-membrane enzyme, did not decrease
      (from the control level) in SNX rats. Ammonia excretion showed no significant
      response to an acute acid load (ammonium chloride, 5 mmoles/kg of body wt) in SNX
      rats. Ammonia excretion, however, did adapt to repeated acid-loading (10 mmoles
      of ammonium chloride per kg of body wt per day for 3 days); ammonia excretion
      increased more than two-fold by third day of treatment. This adaptive response
      was associated with a two-fold rise in renal PDG. Administration of actinomycin
      D, at a dose which produced no gross toxic signs (100 microgram/kg/day i.p.)
      inhibited virtually all the increase in both ammonia excretion and PDG activity.
      The correlation of ammonia excretion and PDG adaptations in acidotic SNX rats was
      similar to that previously observed in infant rats.

PMID- 682425
TI  - Renal function and intrarenal hemodynamics in acutely hypoxic and hypercapnic
      rats.
AB  - On the basis of microsphere distribution, inert gas washout, and standard
      clearance data, the effects of acute hypoxia and hypercapnia on the kidney were
      studied in anesthetized, mechanically ventilated rats. Moderate hypoxia (mean
      PO2, 48 mm Hg) did not significantly change diuresis, GFR, and tubular sodium
      rejection. Due to a decrease in renal vascular resistance (R) from 40.1 to 31.8
      mm Hg ml-1 min, mean renal blood flow stayed constant in spite of a significant
      drop in mean arterial blood pressure. Hypoxic changes in R were not accompanied
      by significant changes in intrarenal distribution of blood flow (IDBF). In severe
      hypoxia (PO2 less than 45 mm Hg) with oliguria and marked arterial hypotension, R
      was the lowest of all groups (28.8 mm Hg ml-1 min). Hypercapnia did not
      significantly change the renal excretory parameters, although an increase in R
      (without change in IDBF), together with a decrease in MAP caused a marked drop in
      mean renal blood flow. From these studies we conclude: 1) in the anestheized rat,
      acute hypoxia caused significant changes in intrarenal hemodynamics without
      changes in excretory function, 2) hypoxic renal vasodilation persists even in
      severe hypotension with oliguria and anuria, 3) in acute hypoxia and hypercapnia,
      changes in renal blood flow and renal vascular resistance are not accompanied by
      significant changes in IDBF.

PMID- 682426
TI  - Hemodialysis bone disease: correlation between clinical, histologic, and other
      findings.
AB  - This paper explores in patients with dialysis osteodystrophy the relationship
      between clinical features and histological, radiological, and biochemical
      findings. Eighty-five patients treated by hemodialysis for more than 6 months
      were studied. The following conclusions were drawn: 1) Bone pain in patients on
      regular hemodialysis is usually a symptom of developing osteomalacia but not of
      hyperparathyroidism or osteoporosis. 2) Many patients with histological
      osteomalacia and radiological features of osteomalacia, such as fractures or
      Looser zones, have no symptoms. 3)In dialysis patients, biochemical and
      radiological abnormalities are not a reliable means of predicting the presence of
      osteomalacia, but a raised serum alkaline phosphatase is a good indicator of the
      presence of osteitis fibrosa. For early detection of osteomalacia, bone biopsy in
      necessary. 4)A number of our dialysis patients develop an unusual form of
      osteomalacia characterized by absent or minimal histological osteitis fibrosa, a
      normal serum alkaline phosphatase, and a high incidence of myopathy and
      fractures.

PMID- 682427
TI  - Solute, amino acid, and hormone changes with coated charcoal hemoperfusion in
      uremia.
AB  - This investigation assesses the effect of two-hour activated charcoal
      hemoperfusion using a column containing 300 g of acrylic hydrogel-coated
      activated charcoal either alone or combined with hemodialysis on small and
      "middle molecule" removal in uremic patients. Comparison was made with standard
      five-hour hemodialysis. Two patients with dialysis encephalopathy were treated
      with four-hour combined hemoperfusion/hemodialysis without beneficial clinical
      effects. Hemoperfusion increased the clearance rates of creatinine and urate when
      combined with dialysis. Hemoperfusion alone removed 1.3 +/- 0.6 g (mean +/- SD)
      of creatinine and 0.6 +/- 0.2 g of urate, while combined
      hemoperfusion/hemodialysis removed 1.7 +/- 0.6 g of creatinine and 1.0 +/- 0.5 g
      of urate in a two-hour period. Both treatment schedules removed less solute than
      standard five-hour hemodialysis but were associated with comparable "middle
      molecule" removal. Hemoperfusion accounted for additional amino acid removal when
      combined with hemodialysis, while hemoperfusion alone produced significant
      reduction only in the amino acid cystine. Changes in the hormones thyroxine,
      triiodothyronine, human growth hormone, and insulin were noted during the
      procedures. Acceptable falls in platelet counts and fibrinogen occurred with
      hemoperfusion. Coated charcoal hemoperfusion may prove to have a role in the
      management of uremic patients, although the acrylic hydrogel-coated charcoal
      hemoperfusion device requires combination with techniques allowing fluid and
      electrolyte removal.

PMID- 682428
TI  - Experimental chronic renal failure in the rat by electrocoagulation of the renal
      cortex.

PMID- 682429
TI  - Use of computerized tomography to diagnose complications of percutaneous renal
      biopsy.

PMID- 682430
TI  - Refractory ascites in cirrhosis.

PMID- 682431
TI  - [Health education in pediatric clinical institutions].

PMID- 682432
TI  - [Pediatrics and pedagogics--from our viewpoint].

PMID- 682433
TI  - [Newborn infants of diabetic mothers. I. Physiopathology and clinical aspects].

PMID- 682434
TI  - [School maturity of epileptic preschool children].

PMID- 682435
TI  - [Experiences in partial exemption of chronically ill children from sports].

PMID- 682436
TI  - [Psychosocial situation of leukemic children].

PMID- 682437
TI  - [Recommendations on perinatal intensive care: II. Parenteral infusion therapy].

PMID- 682438
TI  - [Cooperation of parents of chronically ill children, on the example of
      mucoviscidosis].

PMID- 682439
TI  - [Sinus node syndrome in childhood and adolescence].

PMID- 682440
TI  - [Phenytoin determination in blood in epileptic children].

PMID- 682441
TI  - [Hydrocephalus].

PMID- 682442
TI  - [Surgical treatment of chronic occlusive arterial diseases of the lower
      extremities].

PMID- 682443
TI  - [Biarterial and polyarterial anastomoses in segmental occlusions of bifurcation
      and trifurcation of medium-size arteries].

PMID- 682444
TI  - [Effect of temporary compression of the abdominal aorta on the indices of gas
      exchange and metabolic changes in the tissue during reconstructive surgery].

PMID- 682445
TI  - [Immediate and late results of surgical treatment of atherosclerotic occlusions
      of the bifurcation of the abdominal aorta and iliac arteries].

PMID- 682446
TI  - [Changes in the lymphatic vessels with primary varicose veins of the lower
      extremities].

PMID- 682447
TI  - [Injuries of the lymphatic vessels of the lower extremities].

PMID- 682448
TI  - [Thromboembolitic complications and blood coagulation activity in patients with
      multiple injuries of the locomotor apparatus].

PMID- 682449
TI  - [Effect of dodecyl guanidine acetate on healing time of surgical wounds in
      animals].

PMID- 682450
TI  - [Repeated operations of the aortic arch branches].

PMID- 682451
TI  - [Blood flow evaluation in reconstructive surgery of the aortoiliac segment].

PMID- 682452
TI  - [Aortography in the diagnosis of aneurysm of the abdominal aorta].

PMID- 682453
TI  - [Volume sphygmography and plethmysmography in the diagnosis of arterial
      obliterative diseases of the lower extremities].

PMID- 682454
TI  - [Study of central and peripheral hemodynamics in obliterative vascular diseases
      of the extremities].

PMID- 682455
TI  - [Pathogenesis and treatment of trophic ulcers in thrombophlebitis of subcutaneous
      and deep veins of the lower extremities].

PMID- 682456
TI  - [Possibilities of physical therapy in arterial diseases of the lower
      extremities].

PMID- 682457
TI  - [Nature of surgical treatment of repeated embolism of the arteries of the
      extremities].

PMID- 682458
TI  - [Incidence of varicose veins among agricultural workers].

PMID- 682459
TI  - [Some disputable problems of distal phlebography].

PMID- 682460
TI  - [Use of diamiphen in the treatment of posthrombophlebitic syndrome in ambulatory
      practice].

PMID- 682461
TI  - [Errors in the diagnosis and tactics in injuries of the main vessels of the
      extremities].

PMID- 682462
TI  - [Rare complication of catheterization arteriography].

PMID- 682463
TI  - [Extraperitoneal injuries of the urinary bladder in appendectomy].

PMID- 682464
TI  - [Functional angiographic characteristics of the occlusion level of the main
      arteries of the lower extremities].

PMID- 682465
TI  - [Use of electrocardiostimulator EKSN-2 for determination of the cardiac
      stimulation threshold].

PMID- 682466
TI  - [Surgical tactics in postthrombophlebitic disease].

PMID- 682467
TI  - [Changes of coagulation and anticoagulation system in obliterative arteriosis].

PMID- 682468
TI  - [Aimed ascending vertical phlebography in surgery of the veins of the
      extremities].

PMID- 682470
TI  - [Experience with radical surgical treatment of varicose ulcers of the lower
      extremities].

PMID- 682469
TI  - [Methods and long term results of surgical treatment of varicose veins of the
      lower extremities].

PMID- 682471
TI  - [Recurrence following surgical treatment of varicose veins of the lower
      extremities].

PMID- 682472
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of complications in various forms of varicose veins of
      the lower extremities].

PMID- 682473
TI  - [Reconstructive surgery of the blood vessels in obliterative endarteritis].

PMID- 682474
TI  - [Methods of 2-collector lymphography of the upper extremities].

PMID- 682475
TI  - [Recurrent phagedenic ulcer complicated by staphylococcal sepsis].

PMID- 682476
TI  - [Pneumatic automatic syringe for aortography].

PMID- 682477
TI  - [Electric training stand].

PMID- 682478
TI  - [Mechanical syringe for angiography].

PMID- 682479
TI  - [Accelerated determination of microorganism sensitivity to the antibiotics].

PMID- 682480
TI  - [Foreign body in the wall of the aorta].

PMID- 682481
TI  - [Spontaneous rupture of the brachial artery].

PMID- 682482
TI  - [Injury of the main vessels complicated by blood loss and shock].

PMID- 682483
TI  - [2 cases of isolated injuries of the main vessels of the lower extremities].

PMID- 682484
TI  - [Perforating wounds of the major vessels].

PMID- 682485
TI  - [Use of balloon catheter "DUET" in venous thrombectomy].

PMID- 682486
TI  - [Cholesterol pericarditis].

PMID- 682487
TI  - [Experience of using complex plethysmometry in patients with chronic venous
      insufficiency of the lower extremities].

PMID- 682488
TI  - [Foreign body in the muscle and cavity of the heart].

PMID- 682489
TI  - [2 cases of knife injuries of the heart with favorable outcome].

PMID- 682490
TI  - [Difficulties and errors in the diagnosis of amebic liver abscesses].

PMID- 682491
TI  - [Is there a need for cholecystostomy in acute cholecystitits?].

PMID- 682492
TI  - [Mathematical model of hemodynamics in patients with the intrahepatic form of
      portal hypertension].

PMID- 682493
TI  - [Technic of the Beck-Jiano gastrostomy].

PMID- 682494
TI  - [Hepato-mediastinal echinococcosis].

PMID- 682495
TI  - [Rare localizations of echinococcosis].

PMID- 682496
TI  - [Rupture of hepatic subcapsular hematoma in the postoperative period in a newborn
      infant].

PMID- 682497
TI  - [Strangulation of the small intestine in a congenital mesenteric opening in a
      child].

PMID- 682498
TI  - [Lugle-stage surgery for calculus of the right renal pelvis and chronic calculous
      cholecystitis].

PMID- 682499
TI  - [Cholahgiopathies in cholelithiasis].

PMID- 682500
TI  - [Specific features of cholelithiasis in young persons].

PMID- 682501
TI  - [Surgery of benign strictures of the extrahepatic bile ducts].

PMID- 682502
TI  - [Repeated surgery of the biliary ducts].

PMID- 682503
TI  - [Calculi in the ampulla of the major duodenal papilla].

PMID- 682504
TI  - [Intraoperative diagnosis and correction in biliary tract diseases].

PMID- 682505
TI  - [Clinical picture and diagnosis of cholelithiasis in males].

PMID- 682506
TI  - [Indication and contraindication for creating transduodenal suprapapillary
      choledochoduodenostomy].

PMID- 682507
TI  - [Use of MK-7 cyanoacrylate glue in liver and biliary-duct surgery].

PMID- 682508
TI  - [Closed trauma of the liver].

PMID- 682509
TI  - [Closed trauma of the gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts].

PMID- 682510
TI  - [Surgeon's methods in the management of hydatid echinococcosis].

PMID- 682511
TI  - [Choice of pancreatic surgery in chronic pancreatitis].

PMID- 682512
TI  - [Vascular factor in the pathogenensis of chronic pancreatitis].

PMID- 682513
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of acute pancreatitis].

PMID- 682514
TI  - [Causes of fatal outcomes in acute pancreatitis].

PMID- 682515
TI  - [Morphology and complication of pancreatic biopsy in opisthorchiasis].

PMID- 682516
TI  - [Injuries of the pancreas].

PMID- 682517
TI  - [Cholangiography and radiography of the pancreatic duct in the diagnosis of
      chronic pancreatitis].

PMID- 682518
TI  - [Effect of various types of vagotomy on liver function].

PMID- 682519
TI  - [Creation of a control led closing apparatus of the colon in experiment].

PMID- 682520
TI  - [The influence of allopurinol on purine- and pyrimidinesynthesis (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Allopurinol inhibits xanthinoxydase. This results in a decrease of the serum and
      urinary uric acid. Simultaneously the renal excretion of hypoxanthine and
      xanthine increases. In most patients, however, the decrease of urinary uric acid
      is not completely replaced by the increase of oxypurines. This is attributed to
      an additional inhibition of de novo purine biosynthesis. The different effect of
      allopurinol on the endogenous and exogenous urates offers an alternative approach
      to explain the "purine deficit". The effect of allopurinol on the pyrimidine
      metabolism is due to an inhibition of orotidylic decarboxylase by the
      ribonucleotides of allopurinol, xanthine and oxipurinol. This inhibition is
      followed by an increase in the urinary excretion of orotidine and orotic acid.
      The additional administration of ribonucleic acid leads to a striking decrease of
      the allopurinol induced orotaciduria. The continuous administration of
      allopurinol also produces an increase in the activity of orotate
      phosphoribosyltransferase and orotidylic decarboxylase. At this time the
      mechanism of this increase in activity is not completely understood. Allopurinol
      is metabolized rapidly. Only 3-10% of an administered dose are excreted unchanged
      in the urine. Most of the allopurinol is oxidized to oxipurinol. A small portion
      is converted to the ribonucleosides and ribonucleotides1 of allopurinol and
      oxipurinol.

PMID- 682521
TI  - [Uptake of 2-C14 urate by erythrocytes in hyperuricemia and in gout (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The uptake of 2-C14 urate by erythrocytes was measured in 19 patients with
      primary hyperuricemia, 6 patients with secondary hyperuricemia, 17 patients with
      primary gout and 30 controls. The uptake of urate in patients with primary gout
      was significantly lower than in the controls. In contrast no such difference
      could be observed in patients with primary and secondary hyperuricemia. The
      uptake of labeled urate by erythrocytes from gouty patients is especially
      diminished in the early phase of the uptake kinetics. The possible relevance of
      this finding for the pathogenesis of urate precipitation in gout is discussed.
      Further, we consider the application of the tracer urate uptake by erythrocytes
      as an aid in the early diagnosis of gout.

PMID- 682522
TI  - [The specific effect of plasma proteins in erythrocyte sedimentation. An analysis
      of the correlation coefficients between ESR and the concentration of twenty
      individual plasma proteins in healthy and sick persons, with special reference to
      myocardial infarction (author's transl)].
AB  - 1. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient between erythrocyte sedimentation rate
      and the concentration of twenty individual plasma proteins was determined in 72
      persons including 37 patients with recent myocardial infarction. The highest
      correlation coefficients with ESR could be demonstrated in the following
      proteins: fibrinogen, alpha-1-acid-glycoprotein, alpha-2-macroglobulin, alpha-1
      antitrypsin, coeruloplasmin, Ig M. The closest correlation with ESR was found,
      when the molar concentrations of fibrinogen, alpha-2-macroglobulin and Ig M were
      summed up. 2. Subdivision of the examined group of patients according to their
      diagnosis showed that the degree of correlation with ESR in many plasma proteins
      essentially depends on the composition of the studied group of patients. The
      patients with myocardial infarction, with pneumonia and those with neoplasma all
      showed distinctly different patterns of correlation. These obviously reflect
      underlying changes in the concentrations of the studied proteins, that seem to be
      specific to the respective disease. 3. In 4 patients with myocardial infarction
      the changes in plasma protein concentrations together with ESR were followed over
      a period of 26 days after the infarction.

PMID- 682523
TI  - [The effect of oral butyl-biguanide on oral glucose tolerance and renal glucose
      reabsorption in normal human subjects in vivo (author's transl)].
AB  - 1. Oral glucose tolerance in 11 normal subjects was significantly improved after
      peroral administration of 150 mg of butyl-biguanide. 2. On the other hand
      maxiumum capacity of renal glucose reabsorption (TmG) and lowest glomerular
      glucose filtration rate at which glucosuria was recorded (F min) remained
      uninfluenced after 150 mg of butyl-biguanide in 7 normal subjects. 3. These
      results are compatible with the hypothesis that the oral administration of
      therapeutic doses of biguanides yields concentrations at the luminal face of the
      intestine which inhibit glucose resorption. Plasma concentrations following oral
      intake of the same dose of biguanide are too low to exert any inhibiting action
      on renal glucose reabsorption as demonstrated by the present in vivo studies. 4.
      Urinary flow rate and inulin clearance remained unaltered after butyl-biguanide
      in these normal subjects.

PMID- 682524
TI  - [Measurement of the conduction time within the fascicles of the His-Purkinje
      system using endocardial detection (author's transl)].
AB  - The conduction time in the 3 fascicles of the His-Purkinje system can be measured
      by recording the local excitation in the peripheral His-Purkinje system of the
      right bundle and the anterior and posterior fascicle of the left bundle, in
      combination with His-bundle recordings. This technique allows a detailed study of
      the subjunctional conduction and gives information on the conduction pathways in
      ventricular arrhythmias.

PMID- 682525
TI  - [Thromboplastin activity of extracts of human thyroid glands (author's transl)].
AB  - Aqueous extracts of thyroid glands were prepared from 25 surgical specimens of 19
      patients. The average prothrombin time of sixteen 3:4 diluted extracts of
      thyroids from 13 euthyroid patients was 16.8 +/- 2.3 sec as measured with 100%
      human plasma. Under similar conditions the average prothrombin time of extracts
      obtained from the grey matter of three human brains was 18.4 +/- 0.3 sec. The
      thyroid may thus be considered as an organ containing one of the highest
      concentrations of tissue thromboplastin.

PMID- 682526
TI  - [Enteric hyperoxaluria. I. Intestinal oxalate absorption in gastrointestinal
      diseases (author's transl)].
AB  - Oxalate-urolithiasis and hyperoxalaria have been reported to be a frequent
      complication in patients with small bowel disease, especially in patients with
      ileal resection due to Crohn's disease. Hyperabsorption of oxalate seems to be
      the main patholgenetic factor for "enteric" hyperoxalaria. Intestinal absorption
      and urinary excretion of oxalate was measured in patients with various
      gastrointestinal diseases after oral or rectal administration of 14C-oxalate.
      Kinetic data suggest that 14C-oxalate is absorbed in the small, the large bowel
      and the rectum as well. Oxalate absorption was decreased in patients with a
      colectomy and in active ulcerative colitis, but increased in patients with ileal
      resection, chronic liver disease, and steatorrhea due to chronic pancratitis or
      sprue. There existed a positive correlation between 14C-oxalate absorption and
      the amount of fecal fat excretion. The data suggest that hyperoxaluria and
      hyperabsorption of oxalate are not a specific finding in patients with bile acid
      malabsorption, but may occur too, in steatorrhea without alteration of bile acid
      metabolism.

PMID- 682527
TI  - [Porphyria erythropoietica congenita Gunther and chloroquine (author's transl)].
AB  - Treatment of a six-year-old boy with porphyria congenita (Gunther) by small
      amounts of chloroquine was followed by a sharp but transient increase of the
      urinary excretion of porphyrins. Moreover, a nearly complete normalization of the
      previously observed rigidity of the erythrocytes occurred. With respect to the
      possibility that this elevated rigidity plays an important role for the typical
      hemolysis connected with this porphyria, the application of chloroquine could be
      of therapeutic value for this disease.

PMID- 682528
TI  - [Effect of saralasin on plasma renin activity and arginine-vasopressin in
      patients with angiotensin-dependent hypertension (author's transl)].
AB  - A central stimulatory effect of angiotensin II (AII) on the secretion of arginine
      vasopressin (AVP) has been described. The competitive blocker of AII, saralasin
      (SAR) has been used for diagnostic purposes in angiotensin-dependent
      hypertension. In addition SAR has a partially agnoistic effect. The aim of the
      present study was to demonstrate whether AVP-levels can be influenced during SAR
      induced renin stimulation. In 9 patients with essential hypertension blood
      pressure dropped significantly under SAR (10 microgram/kg/min over a 30 min
      period). Before and after SAR plasma renin activity (PRA) and AVP were measured
      by RIA, SAR evoked significantly increments of PRA in all patients and of AVP in
      6 patients. The increased serum concentrations of AVP following SAR may be
      explained either by the depressor effect of SAR, its diminished concentration at
      the central receptor, or a partial AII-agonistic effect.

PMID- 682530
TI  - The reaction of different skeletal sites to metabolic bone disease- a
      micromorphometric study.

PMID- 682529
TI  - [Diabetic osteomyelopathy: histobioptic data of bone and bone marrow in diabetes
      mellitus (author's transl)].

PMID- 682531
TI  - Histochemical methods for the demonstration of Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen in
      cell suspensions and tissue sections.
AB  - 1. Three different methods are described for the visualisation of the Thomsen
      Friedenreich (TF) antigen on cell suspensions, formalin-fixed and paraffin
      embedded or frozen tissue sections: a) Rosette formation with chicken and sheep
      erythrocytes. b) Fluorescence-microscopy with fluorescein labelled peanut
      agglutinin. c) Autoradiography with 3H-labelled peanut agglutinin. 2. The TF
      antigen was shown, as far as presently investigated, to be exposed on various
      blood cells, glomerula of the kidney and normal mammary gland after neuraminidase
      treatment. Mammary gland was also shown to possess TF receptors without prior
      treatment with neuraminidase. 3. The exposure of this cryptantigen can be brought
      about by bacterial or viral neuraminidase and is followed by an antigen/antibody
      reaction, which can lead to possible pathological consequences.

PMID- 682533
TI  - [Blood lipids and the biomicroscopy of the bulbar conjunctiva in diabetes
      mellitus].

PMID- 682532
TI  - Enhancement of mechanisms acting against mammary carcinoma: pancreatic trypsin
      inhibitor.

PMID- 682534
TI  - [Optic nerve atrophy syndrome in diabetes mellitus and insipidus].

PMID- 682535
TI  - [Characteristics of the clinical course of combined burns of the skin and
      respiratory tracts].

PMID- 682536
TI  - [Characteristics of connective tissue metabolism in burn disease].

PMID- 682537
TI  - [Clinical aspects and classification of general cooling].

PMID- 682538
TI  - [Case of classic gout with a severe lesion of the joints and kidneys].

PMID- 682539
TI  - [Intravital assessment of the healing processes in myocardial infarct].

PMID- 682540
TI  - [Cardiac lesions in severe closed chest injury].

PMID- 682541
TI  - [Cardiac lesion in exotoxic shock].

PMID- 682542
TI  - [Functional state of the lower esophageal sphincter in cardiospasm].

PMID- 682543
TI  - [Clinical and prognostic importance of the pathogenetic classification of chronic
      gastritis].

PMID- 682544
TI  - [Time periods for the healing of gastroduodenal ulcers].

PMID- 682545
TI  - [Characteristics of disordered insulin secretion in peptic ulcer].

PMID- 682546
TI  - [Pathogenetic therapy of chronic pancreatitis].

PMID- 682547
TI  - [Absorptive function of the intestines in liver cirrhosis].

PMID- 682548
TI  - [Use of potassium chloride and sodium hydrocarbonate in chronic renal
      insufficiency].

PMID- 682549
TI  - [State of capillary blood flow in glomerulonephritis].

PMID- 682550
TI  - [Hemorrhagic complications in chronic renal insufficiency].

PMID- 682551
TI  - [Diagnosis of angiopathies of the lower extremities in diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 682553
TI  - [Assessment of regional blood filling by using the rheoplethysmographic method
      combined with functional tests].
AB  - Vascular responses of fingers and toes to the occlusion test as well as fingers,
      head, lungs and liver to the Valsalva maneuver were studied. The responses to the
      tests depended on the initial level of blood filling. The different level of
      blood filling was induced by orthostatic, head-down tilt and LBNP tests. It is
      recommended to use rheography (slow and pulse components) in combination with the
      occlusion test and Valsalva maneuver in order to assess regional blood filling
      and venous tone of crew-members in space flights.

PMID- 682552
TI  - [Kaliuretic function of the kidneys in humans with different degrees of motor
      activity and at bed rest].
AB  - The kaliuretic function of the kidneys was studied in 12 healthy test subjects
      during the 49-day head-down tilting (--4 degrees). The results suggest that the
      selection of optimal exercises and dietary potassium intake may prevent changes
      in the potassium metabolism and the renal kaliuretic function both during bed
      rest and weightlessness as well as facilitate a rapid recovery of potassium
      homeostasis on return to Earth.

PMID- 682554
TI  - [Dynamics of plasma free amino acid levels in humans during antiorthostatic
      hypokinesia].
AB  - The amino acid composition of plasma was investigated in 8 healthy male test
      subjects during 49-day head-down bed rest. The concentration of most free amino
      acids in plasma increased significantly. The content of urea and taurine in
      plasma also grew. These changes were reversible and after the termination of the
      bed rest experiment the levels of all components in plasma returned to normal.
      The findings suggest that changes in the aminogram recorded during bed rest
      reflect rearrangement of protein metabolism and are adaptive.

PMID- 682555
TI  - [Psychophysiologic aspects of pilot performance during short term exposure to
      intense photic stimuli].
AB  - Psychophysiological characteristics of pilot performance were studied during
      short-term exposures to intensive light stimuli. The experiments were carried out
      in the laboratory and in the flight trainer. Parameters indicating piloting
      qualities and physiological functions of the pilot were recorded. The effect of
      intensive light stimuli on the pilot eyes caused a high nervous-psychic tension
      (stress) during trainer flying. The flight results were at large dictated by
      erroneous actions of the pilot during the first seconds of blinding. Pilot
      training for such conditions has a very favorable effect.

PMID- 682556
TI  - [Several current problems in the physiologic-hygienic standardization of noise in
      aerospace medicine].
AB  - On the basis of an examination of the physical characteristics of noises
      accompanying the performance of flying vehicles, experimental investigations of
      the effects of acoustic energy in a wide range of intensity and exposure time on
      the human body were carried out. The findings were used to develop the standards
      "noise intensity--time of continuous exposure and "noise intensity--class of
      antinoise", taking into account corrections for the protective effect of
      antinoise. This allowed a more substantiated approach to the standardization of
      work in an environment of high intensity noise. Although general approaches to
      the standardization were developed as related to flying vehicles, they can be
      applied to other branches of industry and transport.

PMID- 682557
TI  - [Work capacity of permanent high and low altitude dwellers].
AB  - Lowland and highland natives of similar age and physical fitness showed similar
      parameters of hemodynamics, pulmonary ventilation and gas exchange at rest.
      However, highlanders displayed lower lung vital capacity. Maximal work capacity
      of highlandders was higher. It was provided by lower tension of the
      cardiovascular system and higher tension of the respiratory system as compared
      with those of lowlanders.

PMID- 682558
TI  - [Method of irradiating bioobjects and results of dosimetric measurements on the
      biosatellite "Cosmos-690"].
AB  - The paper describes the design and experimental conditions of rat irradiation
      aboard the biosatellite Cosmos-690. An essential dose gradient due to different
      distances between the gamma-source and irradiated rats as well as due to the
      presence of construction components and equipment in the beam was made up by a
      special dose-equilibrating filter. The spectral distribution of scattered
      radiation reached maximum in the region of 0.1--0.3 Mev. The average dosage in
      the location of the main group of animals was 800 +/- 85 rad and that in the
      location of an additional group was 220 +/- 25 rad.

PMID- 682559
TI  - [Histochemical study of the digestive organs of rats on board for the space
      flight of the satellite "Cosmos-690"].
AB  - The digestive organs of rats exposed to a combined effect of space flight factors
      and irradiation were examined. The surface and foveal epithelium of the stomach
      as well as mucocytes of the fundal glands showed a drastically reduced content of
      the neutral carbohydrate component. The foveal epithelium and mucocytes of fundal
      necks also exhibited a significant decrease of the sulfomucin content. The large
      and small intestines showed a lowered amount of goblet-cells and their secretion.
      Pancreatic acinar cells displayed different changes in the content of enzymic
      proteins having cation properties. The above histochemical changes did not return
      to normal 36 days after irradiation and 26--27 days after readaptation to the
      Earth environment.

PMID- 682560
TI  - [Effect of prolonged rotation on radiation injury to the body].
AB  - CBA mice were kept for three weeks in a rotating installation (velocity--7.5 rpm,
      rotation radius--110 cm, acceleration--0.07 g). As a result, their
      radiosensitivity reduced. The lethal effect and severity of radiation injury
      declined. The animals rotated and irradiated at a sublethal dose showed an
      enhancement of the reparation process in bone marrow and the thymus. Significant
      changes in radiosensitivity can be expected during an exposure to rotation and
      acceleration of 0.3--1.0 g.

PMID- 682561
TI  - [Changes in the electrocerebellogram and autonomic responses of mice to
      acceleration].
AB  - Nembutal narcotized white rats were exposed to + GZ accelerations of 10 g for 5
      min. Changes in the frequency spectrum of the bioelectric spontaneous activity of
      the cerebellar cortex, respiration rate and heart rate were examined. A
      correlation between bioelectric reactions of the cerebellum and adaptive
      compensatory responses of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems was
      established. The rats that showed no electrographic reactions of awakening at the
      onset of acceleration displayed a reduced resistance to acceleration.

PMID- 682562
TI  - [Feasibility of using a test involving exposure of the lower half of the body to
      negative pressure for selection of cosmonaut candidates].
AB  - By means of regional rheography and electrocardiography cardiovascular reactions
      to LBNP (25 mm Hg--2 min; 35 mm Hg--3 min; 40 mm Hg--5 min; 50 mm Hg--5 min) were
      studied in 60 young male test subjects (aged 25--42). Changes in the content and
      excretion of catecholamines were followed before and after LBNP in II test
      subjects. The investigations helped to elucidate mechanisms of compensatory and
      related reactions of the cardiovascular and sympathoadrenal systems. Diagnostic
      and prognostic criteria to evaluate LBNP tolerance were established. The criteria
      can be used to assess functional capabilities of the cardiovascular system and to
      predict orthostatic tolerance of cosmonaut candidates.

PMID- 682563
TI  - [Possible role of lysosomal proteinases in the biological effects of G-forces].
AB  - Experiments on rats demonstrated that acceleration of 6 g for 10 min elevated
      significantly the activity of acid proteinases and the rate of their release from
      lysosomes into the incubation mixture. Hydrocortisone (1 mg/100 g body weight)
      also increased proteinase activity; however, this effect was transient and less
      expressed. Upon a combined effect of hydrocortisone and acceleration the effect
      of the latter on the activity of lysosomal enzymes weakened appreciably.

PMID- 682564
TI  - [Morphologic study of the hematopoietic organs of rats during hypokinesia].
AB  - During 60-day hypokinesia the hemopoietic system of rats developed important
      changes typical of the stress-state (atrophy of thymico-lymphatic system,
      lymphopenia and neutrophilosis) and hypokinesia per se (activation at the early
      stage and inhibition at the late stage of bone marrow erythropiesis, reduction of
      the rate of lympho- and myelopoiesis by the end of the experiment, emergence of
      pathologically changed megakaryocytes).

PMID- 682565
TI  - [Protective effect of 2-aminobenzimidazole during hyperbaric oxygenation and the
      state of cerebral nitrogen metabolism].
AB  - The protective effect of 2-aminobenzimidazole (2-ABI) was studied on white rats
      exposed to oxygen at 4 and 6 ata. During an exposure to oxygen at 6 ata
      injections of 2-ABI (in 1 ml saline at a dose of 5 mg per 100 g body weight) 10
      min prior to the exposure delayed significantly (3 to 4 times) the time when
      convulsions began and assured 100% survival after the exposure (30 days). During
      an exposure to 4 ata (prolonged exposure) the injections did not delay
      convulsions but alleviated them and provided 100% survival after the exposure (30
      days). Variations in the content of ammonia, glutamine, glutamic and aspartic
      acids and GAMA in the brain of treated and untreated animals were examined. By
      the beginning of convulsions the content of dicarboxylic amino acids and GABA
      remained unchanged in the treated animals. The level of ammonia and glutamine was
      not controlled by 2-ABI. After the exposure 2-ABI accelerated the return of
      metabolic parameters to the normal.

PMID- 682566
TI  - [Standardization of flight staff color vision on GOI anomaloscopes].

PMID- 682567
TI  - [Effect of weightlessness and hypokinesia on the contractile properties of
      bundles of glycerinated rat muscle fibers].

PMID- 682568
TI  - [Development of radiation lesions of the heart in rats during space flight
      (experimental morphologic study)].

PMID- 682569
TI  - [Effect of altered gravitational pull on cytoplasmic viscosity and protein
      concentration in plant cells].

PMID- 682570
TI  - [Histochemical characteristics of the gastric and duodenal mucosa of rabbits
      shielded from the earth's magnetic field during their development].

PMID- 682571
TI  - [Electrolyte concentration in the myocardium, skeletal musculature and blood of
      rats during protracted hypokinesia and readaptation].

PMID- 682572
TI  - [Regional blood redistribution in rats in the period of the immediate
      aftereffects of transverse gravitational force].

PMID- 682573
TI  - [Effect of combined exposure to dry air warming and cooling water procedures on
      orthostatic stability in humans].

PMID- 682574
TI  - [Dynamics of afferent impulses in the posterior spinal cord roots of dogs with
      limited motor activity].

PMID- 682575
TI  - Temperature preference of adolescent mice.
AB  - The behavioral preference of mice for various ambient temperatures was
      investigated while the mice were housed in a wire mesh cage. The animals
      exhibited a significant avoidance of ambient temperatures of 22 degree C and
      lower, especially when they were in an inactive period. This result suggested
      that temperatures a little higher than those conventionally adopted might be
      appropriate for rearing mice in wire mesh cages.

PMID- 682576
TI  - Oxygen consumption of germfree and conventional mice.
AB  - Oxygen consumption was determined in germfree and conventional mice using a
      respirometer which enabled us to make precise corrections for variations in
      temperature or barometric pressure. In 20, 3-minute observations on 21 germfree
      and 21 conventional mice, the germfree animals consumed an average of 2.11 ml of
      oxygen per gram body weight per hour in comparison to 2.37 ml for the
      conventional mice. This difference was not accompanied by a difference in rectal
      temperature.

PMID- 682577
TI  - Dentostomella translucida in the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus).
AB  - Dentostomella translucida, an oxyurid, was found in the small intestine of 39 out
      of 43 Mongolian gerbils from a research colony and in five pet gerbils in
      Columbia, Missouri. This discovery established a new host record and a new
      georgraphic locality for the parasite. Diagnosis of parasitism was best made by
      direct observation of the nematodes in the host's intestine af necropsy. The
      average length of males was 10.3 mm, and that of females was 20.3 mm. Parasite
      numbers in infected animals ranged from to 11, with an average of four. No
      clinical manifestations of disease were associated with the parasitisms. The
      prepatent period of infection was determined to be determined to be between 25
      and 29 days.

PMID- 682578
TI  - Gonadotropin induced reproductive cyclicity in the domestic cat.
AB  - Adult queens were treated with one of two sources of follicle stimulating
      gonodotropin (follicle stimulating hormone or pregnant mares' serum gonodotropin)
      to induce ovarian follicle development and estrus. Treatment involving single
      injections of follicle stimulating hormone stimulated mature follicle development
      but resulted in inconsistent display of sexual receptivity and variable ovulation
      rates. Single or multiple injections of pregnant mares' serum gonadotropin
      induced follicel growth, but follicle rupture often occurred prior to estrus and
      the mating stimulus. When compared to results obtained from queens mated while in
      natural estrus, cats receiving a series of injections of follicle stimulating
      hormone or pregnant mares' serum gonadotropin demonstrated ovarian
      hypersensitivity and produced follicular cysts which failed to rupture. The most
      effective hormone regimen for inducing follicle growth and estrus consisted of
      2.0 mg follicle stimulating hormone injected daily intramuscularly until estrus.
      Queens receiving this treatment were capable of ovulating following mating or
      human chorionic gonodotropin administration and were capable of conceiving if
      mated.

PMID- 682579
TI  - The Yucatan minature pig as a laboratory animal.
AB  - Parent stock for a minature pig herd was obtained from the progeny of pigs
      imported from the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico. The Yucatan miniature pig is slate
      gray, essentially hairless, and has a docile temperament. The tractable nature of
      this pig minimized risks for animal handlers as well as researchers. With regular
      human contact, these pigs became amenable to handling and tolerated restraint
      well. The mean birth weight was 0.74 kg, and the mean weaning weight at 60 days
      was 6.47 kg. The mean weight of mature nonobese boars was 83 kg while mature sows
      averaged 70 kg. The height and length for mature pigs of both sexes averaged 57
      cm and 76 cm, respectively. The mean range of plasma glucose was 86-117 mg/dl
      during the first 8 weeks of life. The Yucatan miniature pig is native to tropical
      regions. The Colorado cold winter weather caused life-threatening stress to
      animals housed outside; therefore, intensive management procedures were required
      during the winter months.

PMID- 682580
TI  - Chronic necrotizing mastitis in rats caused by Pasteurella pneumotropica.
AB  - Sixty-one of 2500 F344 rats were observed to have one to three enlarged and firm
      mammary glands. Pasteurella pneumotropica was isolated from all affected mammary
      glands. It was also routinely isolated from the feces of all cages and from the
      oral cavity of rats up to 6 weeks old, but not from the oral cavity of rats over
      4 months of age. The organism was not isolated from clinically normal lactating
      mammary glands. Histopathological diagnosis of affected glands was chronic
      necrotizing mastitis.

PMID- 682581
TI  - Anesthesia in the rabbit using a combination of ketamine and promazine.
AB  - An anesthetic combination of ketamine and promazine (75mg/kg by ketamine content)
      was tested in 15 male and 15 female adult New Zealand white rabbits. The mean
      induction time was 9 minutes for both the  male and female. Mean duration for
      anesthesia was 61 minutes for the male and 49 minutes for the female. The mean
      recovery time was 22 minutes for the male and 33 minutes for the female. The drug
      combination provided effective anesthesia for a period of 50--60 minutes after a
      single intramuscular injection.

PMID- 682582
TI  - Derivation and maintenance of gnotobiotic dogs.
AB  - Revised techniques for derivation and maintenance of gnotobiotic dogs for
      research purposes were outlined. Gravid uteri were removed from pregnant beagle
      bitches and passed through a germicidal trap into a flexible plastic isolation
      unit. Pups were raised on a milk replacement diet and weaned to solid food by 4
      weeks of age.

PMID- 682583
TI  - Femoral venipuncture for repeated blood sampling in miniature swine.
AB  - Repetitive blood sampling of miniature swine was accomplished by percutaneous
      puncture of the femoral vein. Swine were restrained manually in dorsal
      recumbency. The skin was penetrated in the inguinal area approximately 2.5 cm
      laterally to the most posterior mammary gland with a 21-gauge, 3 cm (1.5 inch)
      needle. Ten milliliters of blood were withdrawn of frequent intervals for 4
      months without apparent harm to the animals.

PMID- 682584
TI  - Tattooing newborn albino mice in life-span experiments.

PMID- 682586
TI  - Protection for cage cards.

PMID- 682585
TI  - A comparison of serum calcium levels obtained by two methods of cardiac puncture
      in mice.

PMID- 682587
TI  - Isolation and immunologic identification of basement membrane zone antigens from
      human skin.

PMID- 682588
TI  - Distribution of iron in splenic ferritin.

PMID- 682589
TI  - Peripheral couplings in human skeletal muscle.
AB  - The importance of peripheral couplings in muscle function has been uncertain
      because of the failure to demonstrate them in human skeletal muscle. This study
      has utilized ruthenium red staining to demonstrate peripheral couplings in human
      skeletal muscle biopsies. This finding supports the belief that the peripheral
      coupling is a basic component of striated muscle.

PMID- 682590
TI  - Ultrastructure of the fibrous ring in patient with discrete subaortic stenosis.
AB  - Histologic and ultrastructural studies disclosed the presence of five tissue
      layers in fibrous rings excised at operation from five patients with discrete
      subaortic stenosis. These layers were: (1) a surface monolayer of endothelial
      cells; (2) a subendothelial layer rich in acid mucopolysaccharides and basement
      membrane-like material; (3) a fibroelastic layer containing collagen and small (1
      micrometer or less in diameter) elastic fibers; (4) a layer of smooth muscle
      cells with thickened basement membranes, and (5) a central fibrous layer with
      large amounts of collagen and small amounts of elastic fibers. The connective
      tissue layers in the rings frequently were discontinuous. The layered arrangement
      of these rings resembles that of normal endocardium in the left ventricular
      outflow tract.

PMID- 682591
TI  - Secretory cell hyperplasia and modification of intracellular glycoprotein in rat
      airways induced by short periods of exposure to tobacco smoke, and the effect of
      the antiinflammatory agent phenylmethyloxadiazole.

PMID- 682592
TI  - Collagens synthesized in vitro by diploid fibroblasts obtained from chronically
      inflamed human connective tissue.
AB  - Collagen synthesis by fibroblasts obtained from healthy and diseased human
      gingiva was compared. The cells were labeled with radioactive amino acids and the
      collagenous proteins synthesized were characterized after NaCl fractionation by
      CM-cellulose chromatography and cyanogen bromide peptide analysis. Fourteen cell
      lines, six from healthy gingiva, six from gingiva with chronic inflammatory
      periodontitis, and two from acutely inflamed gingiva were studied. All of the
      cell lines synthesized predominantly type I collagen. Type III collagen was a
      minor product of all cell lines except one from diseased tissue. Five of six cell
      lines from diseased gingiva and two of two from acutely inflamed tissue
      synthesized a collagen that was soluble in 2.5 M NaCl. The alpha1/alpha2 ratio
      and cyanogen bromide peptide pattern indicated that this fraction contained a
      collagen of the type alpha1[I]3. The alpha1[I]3 collagen was not detectable in
      the fibroblast lines obtained from healthy gingiva. It appears that inflamed
      human gingivae contain fibroblasts which differ phenotypically from cells from
      normal tissue in that they are capable of synthesizing alpha1[I]3 collagen.

PMID- 682593
TI  - Effect of cortisone upon vascular permeability to antibody.
AB  - In rabbits actively sensitized to bovine serum albumin, intracorneal injection of
      1 mg. of fluorescein-labeled bovine serum albumin evokes a circular band of
      fluorescence secondary to precipitation of the diffusing antigen with antibody
      migrating from the limbal blood vessels. Cortisone treatment prevented or
      markedly decreased this phenomenon indicating that cortisone exerts a definite
      inhibitory effect upon vascular permeability to antibody molecules.

PMID- 682594
TI  - Ultrastructural localization of mitochondrial and ribosomal antigens by
      peroxidase-labeled human antibodies.
AB  - Immunohistochemical techniques have facilitated the detection of a variety of
      antibodies to different cells and tissues  in patients with chronic active liver
      disease; however, the ultrastructural localization of the antigenic binding
      sites, particularly of mitochondrial antibody, has been controversial. Therefore,
      we have employed direct immunoelectron microscopy to compare the reactivity of
      mitochondrial antibody with that of ribosomal antibody using gastric and renal
      tissues as substrates. Mitochondrial antibodies from three patients with primary
      biliary cirrhosis and from one patient with chronic active hepatitis reacted with
      the inner membrane and cristae of all mitochondria in different cells, whereas a
      ribosomal antibody from a patient with ovarian carcinoma bound to the rough
      endoplasmic reticulum, and possibly free ribosomes and polysomes, of all cells
      observed. Identification and characterization of these antibodies is needed for
      the differential diagnosis of chronic active liver disease.

PMID- 682595
TI  - Origin of cells in human amniotic fluid cultures: ultrastructural features.
AB  - Two classes of cells can be subcultured from human amniotic fluid (F and AF).
      Ultrastructural features of these cultrued cells were determined using scanning
      and transmission electron microscopy with particular attention to extracellular
      material. Results obtained from these two cell types are compared to one another
      and to cultured human dermal fibroblasts. The F-type cultures have an abundance
      of extracellular type i collagen fibers, identical with cultured human dermal
      fibroblasts. No type I collagen fibers are seen in cultures of AF cells. Instead,
      fine filamentous material is admixed with amorphous material adjacent to cell
      membranes where epithelial basement membrane glycoprotein has been localized. By
      scanning electron microscopy parallel arrays of cells are present at confluency
      of F cultures, typical of cultured dermal fibroblasts. AF cultures show a much
      looser growth pattern at confluency. On the basis of accumulated evidence, we
      believe that F-type cells arise from fibrous connective tissue and are
      fibroblasts, whereas AF cells, the predominant type in early cultures used for
      prenatal genetic diagnosis, arise from fetal membranes and retain features of
      trophoblast.

PMID- 682596
TI  - Influence of bile acids on bile canalicular membrane morphology and the lobular
      gradient in canalicular size.

PMID- 682597
TI  - The role of protein A in the attachment of staphylococci to influenza-infected
      cells.
AB  - The adherence of staphylococcal protein A-containing Cowan I bacteria to
      influenza-infected cells was enhanced up to 5 times following incubation of the
      monolayers with antiinfluenzal serum, but not following treatment with nomimmune
      serum. Significantly increased binding of Cowan I bacteria was detected at
      antiinfluenzal serum dilutions as high as 1:40,960. None of the several antibody
      concentrations tested enhanced the binding of staphylococcal protein A-negative
      staphylococci. In addition, extracellular staphylococcal protein A was found to
      inhibit complement-mediated cytolysis of antibody-coated, virus-infected cells.
      The possible significance of staphylococcal protein A in the synergistic
      interaction between staphylococcal and influenza virus infections is discussed.

PMID- 682598
TI  - "Calcium paradox" and the effect of varied temperature on its development: a
      phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance and morphologic study.

PMID- 682599
TI  - Immunohistologic analysis of fetal and dermatosparactic calf and sheep skin with
      antisera to procollagen and collagen type I.
AB  - Immunofluorescent analysis of bovine and sheep skin using antibodies to the
      biosynthetic precursor pn-collagen type I, demonstrated that the localization of
      pn-collagen is restricted to the stratum papillare in adult skin. In contrast,
      antibodies against pn-collagen type I stained the whole dermis in skin obtained
      from dermatosparactic cattle and sheep. Electron microscopy of dermatosparactic
      sheep skin stained with ferritin-labeled anti-pn-collagen type I antibodies
      further demonstrated that pn-collagen molecules are the structural components of
      the unusual, twisted collagen fibers observed in dermatosparactic skin.

PMID- 682600
TI  - Histochemistry and ultrastructure of rat submandibular acinar cells: effects of
      chronic reserpine on secretion.

PMID- 682601
TI  - Morphologic effects following massive exchange transfusions with a stroma-free
      hemoglobin solution. I. Liver.
AB  - Hepatic morphology was studied in rats that were exchange transfused with either
      a stroma-free hemoglobin solution (SFHS) or with various asanguineous
      resuscitative fluids. The animals under-went 75 per cent blood volume replacement
      and tissues were collected and fixed at timed intervals after the exchange
      transfusion. In addition, blood volumes were determined, using chromium labeled
      red blood cells, in both albumin and SFHS-treated rats at varying time periods
      after exchange transfusion. One hour following exchange transfusion, livers of
      animals infused with asanguineous fluids demonstrated marked centrolobular
      hepatocellular vacuolization and mitochondrial shape alterations consistent with
      the effects of hypoxia. SFHS appeared to protect the liver from these early
      abnormalities. However, at later time intervals livers of albumin-treated animals
      appeared normal, whereas those of SFHS-transfused rats exhibited centrolobular
      necrosis. Blood volume was reduced approximately 10 per cent during the first 18
      hours after exchange transfusion with albumin, while SFHS-treated rats
      experienced a 42 per cent blood volume decrement in only 6 hours. Blood volumes
      were near normal in all animals by 48 hours. These findings suggest that SFHS
      protects the liver from hypoxia immediately after exchange transfusion,
      presumably by its ability to transport and release oxygen. However, the eventual
      disappearance of hemoglobin from the intravascular space is associated with a
      marked reduction in blood volume which is accompanied by hepatic ischemia and
      centrolobular necrosis.

PMID- 682602
TI  - Morphologic and cytochemical properties of a clonal line of rat adrenal
      pheochromocytoma cells which respond to nerve growth factor.
AB  - The PC12 pheochromocytoma line is a clonal line derived from a rat adrenal
      medullary tumor. PC12 cells grown in vitro have morphologic and cytochemical
      features in common with normal chromaffin cells in varying stages of development,
      and with human pheochromocytomas. These features include catecholamine stores
      demonstrable by formaldehyde-induced fluorescence and argentaffinic secretory
      granules, measuring 30 to 350 nm. Dark "norepinephrine"- and light "epinephrine"
      type granules are both present, despite the absence of epinephrine and of its
      synthesizing enzyme, phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase. Addition of nerve
      growth factor to the culture medium causes the cells to stop dividing and to
      develop neurite-like processes. Nerve growth factor-treated cells also develop
      clusters of 30- to 120-nm. granules and of 30- to 70-nm. granular and agranular
      vesicles, which resemble the granules and vesicles in adrenergic and cholinergic
      neurons and in neuroblastomas. In the early stages of process formation,
      formaldehyde-induced fluorescence can be demonstrated both in cell bodies and in
      processes. In later stages there is a marked diminution of formaldehyde-induced
      fluorescence in cell bodies and processes and a decreased number of granules in
      cell bodies, except in occasional cells within large clumps. These residual,
      fluorescent, granule-containing cells also remain argentaffinic. Alterations of
      the cell surface and of cytoplasmic filament arrangements also occur in cells
      treated with nerve growth factor. Further studies of the PC12 line may help to
      clarify relationships between morphology and function in the developing and
      mature autonomic nervous system, and the influence of nerve growth factor on
      these relationships.

PMID- 682604
TI  - The work of the Commission of the European Communities on Health and Safety.

PMID- 682603
TI  - Differentiation of epithelial foot processes and filtration slits: sequential
      appearance of occluding junctions, epithelial polyanion, and slit membranes in
      developing glomeruli.
AB  - The visceral glomerular epithelium of immature glomeruli from newborn rats was
      examined in order to determine the sequence of events that occurs during
      differentiation of foot processes and filtration slits. Four different stages of
      glomerular development were defined: vesicle, S-shaped body, developing capillary
      loop, and maturing stages. During the vesicle stage, the precursor cells of the
      glomerular and tubular epithelium are joined by occluding junctions at their
      apices. During the S-shaped body stage, the tubular and parietal visceral
      glomerular epithelium differentiate, and the occluding zonulae remain along the
      presumptive tubule lumen and Bowman's space, respectively. With the appearance of
      capillary loops the parietal and tubular junctions maintain this arrangement, but
      the junctions of the visceral epithelium are seen at various levels along the
      lateral cell margins, suggesting that they migrate along the lateral cell
      surfaces from apex to base. Initially, broad epithelial processes cover the
      entire outer aspect of the developing basement membrane. After junctional
      migration interdigitation of epithelial processes is seen, and the processes are
      joined by focal occluding junctions (maculae or fasciae). With more elaborate
      interdigitation, fewer and fewer intercellular spaces are closed by occluding
      junctions, the junctions become less and less extensive, and normal slit
      architecture with foot processes bridged by slit membranes predominate. Colloidal
      iron staining (i.e., epithelial polyanion) is first detected along the lateral
      epithelial cell surfaces early in the capillary loop stage and becomes
      concentrated along their basal cell surfaces facing the basement membrane at
      about the same time as interdigitation is occurring. Therefore, facing the
      basement membrane at about the same time as interdigitation is occurring.
      Therefore, sialoproteins appear on the epithelial cell surfaces prior to the
      development of foot processes and slits. This finding is in keeping with the
      assumption that epithelial polyanion may be required for development and
      maintenance of normal foot process and slit organization. Prior to the
      development of extensive interdigitation, the differentiating glomerular
      epithelium bears a number of striking similarities to the nephrotic epithelium:
      foot processes are broad, reduced in number, and often joined by focal occluding
      junctions; slit diaphragms are reduced in number and displaced away from the
      basement membrane; and ladder-like structures occur in the filtration slits. The
      epithelial changes seen in aminonucleoside nephrosis therefore appear to
      represent a "dedifferentiation" to a more primitive organization, and the events
      that occur early in this disease process represent a rerun inreverse of events
      that occur during normal glomerular development.

PMID- 682605
TI  - Health care of people at work workers exposed to lead: 2. Organic lead.

PMID- 682606
TI  - The problem of change and adaptation: the role of occupational medicine.

PMID- 682607
TI  - Do's and don'ts in occupational medicine.

PMID- 682608
TI  - The environmental survey: practical guidance for new entrants to occupational
      health and safety.

PMID- 682609
TI  - Rejection of dinitrochlorobenzene-conjugated syngeneic tumor cells by
      dinitrochlorobenzene-sensitized guinea pigs.

PMID- 682610
TI  - Thyroglobulin in struma ovarii.

PMID- 682611
TI  - Minimum left ventricular coronary vascular resistance in dogs.

PMID- 682612
TI  - Experimental chronic left ventricular akinesis. Hemodynamic effects of atrial
      pacing.

PMID- 682613
TI  - Vasopressin and blood flow to the canine small intestine.

PMID- 682614
TI  - Experimental diffuse colitis in cats: observations on motor changes.

PMID- 682615
TI  - Transketolase and transaldolase activities in regenerating epithelium during
      wound healing.

PMID- 682616
TI  - Comparison of colloids for use in isolated normothermic perfusion of rabbit
      kidneys.

PMID- 682617
TI  - The effect of spinal fusion on the collagen and proteoglycans of the canine
      intervertebral disc.

PMID- 682618
TI  - Effect of hypertriglyceridemia on the hemoglobin--oxygen dissociation curve.

PMID- 682619
TI  - Correlation of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and essential hypertension.

PMID- 682620
TI  - The effect of the route of administration of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin on regional
      immunity.

PMID- 682621
TI  - Pulmonary and skeletal capillary permeability to albumin in experimental acute
      hemorrhagic pancreatitis.

PMID- 682622
TI  - Indirect percutaneous cannula construction.

PMID- 682623
TI  - Peritonitis and intraabdominal abscess: an experimental model for the evaluation
      of human disease.

PMID- 682624
TI  - Pulmonary vascular response to experimental embolism and reversal by embolectomy.

PMID- 682625
TI  - Effects of site and length on function of intravenous fistula catheters.

PMID- 682626
TI  - The hepatic arterial and portal venous circulations of the liver studied with a
      krypton-85 clearance technique.

PMID- 682627
TI  - Gluconeogenesis from alanine in endotoxin-treated dogs.

PMID- 682628
TI  - Histological changes observed in an Arachnia propionica infection of mice.

PMID- 682629
TI  - A feedback system for controlling arterial and venous pressure to intact dog
      lungs.

PMID- 682630
TI  - Acidic steroid metabolites: predominant excretion of 20-oxo-pregnanoic acid
      metabolites of progesterone in rabbit urine.

PMID- 682631
TI  - A specific estradiol-17 beta receptor in cell nuclei from anterior hypophysis of
      immature male rats.

PMID- 682632
TI  - Specific progesterone receptor in human renal cancer.

PMID- 682633
TI  - Studies on the mode of action of androgens in the neuroendocrine tissues.

PMID- 682634
TI  - Hypothalamic and hypophysial progesterone receptors: estrogen-priming effect,
      differential localization, 5alpha-dihydroprogesterone binding, and nuclear
      receptors.

PMID- 682635
TI  - Are there distinct dihydrotestosterone and testosterone receptors in brain?

PMID- 682636
TI  - Quantitative evaluation of cytosol and nuclear [3H]-estradiol specific binding in
      the fetal brain of guinea pig during fetal ontogenesis.

PMID- 682637
TI  - Androgenic regulation of poly(A)-containing RNA sequences in rat ventral
      prostate.

PMID- 682638
TI  - Receptors and breast cancer: do we know it all?

PMID- 682639
TI  - Cortisol dependent acute metabolic responses in rat liver cells.

PMID- 682640
TI  - Exciton percolation III. Stochastic and coherent migration in binary and ternary
      random lattices.

PMID- 682641
TI  - A mathematical model predicting chromosome loss in cultured cells of young
      adults.

PMID- 682642
TI  - The evolution of anisogamy.

PMID- 682643
TI  - A new attempt to study the oxygen evolving system of photosynthesis:
      determination of transition probabilities of a state i.

PMID- 682644
TI  - Ecosystem assemble grammars: generative capacity and empirical adequacy.

PMID- 682645
TI  - On the definition of the compartment concept in pharmacokinetics.

PMID- 682646
TI  - The population genetics of anisogamy.

PMID- 682647
TI  - Does complexity favor the existence of persistent ecosystems?

PMID- 682648
TI  - Potassium and turgor pressure in plants.

PMID- 682649
TI  - Myocardial protection by intermittent perfusion with cardioplegic solution versus
      intermittent coronary perfusion with cold blood.
AB  - The myocardial protection provided by cardioplegic solution using buffered,
      isosmotic potassium (30 mEq. per liter) was compared with intermittent cold
      coronary perfusion for 2 hours of aortic cross-clamping in dogs. The cardioplegic
      solution (Group CS) or cold blood (Group CB) was infused every 15 minutes through
      a cooling coil to reduce the perfusate temperature to 5 degrees C. Myocardial
      function after 30 minutes of reperfusion and rewarming was reduced in Group CB
      with a significant reduction in peak systolic pressure at a left ventricular (LV)
      balloon volume of 20 ml. and a significant reduction of dp/dt. In contrast, in
      Group CS, LV function was unchanged from the base-line period. LV compliance also
      was significantly reduced in Group CB while being unchanged in Group CS.
      Myocardial extravascular water content, obtained by dessication, was
      significantly higher in Group CB than in Group CS, which may explain the
      reduction in compliance. Electron microscopy showed normal ultrastructure in
      Group CS but extracellular edema in Group CB. Total coronary blood flow showed a
      sustained increase during reperfusion in both groups. Oxygen consumption rose
      with rewarming to base-line levels in both groups, whereas lactate and pyruvate
      consumption was reduced in both groups, particularly Group CB. Cardioplegic
      solution thus appears to be superior to the intermittent perfusion of cold blood
      for myocardial protection. The addition of potassium arrest, by markedly reducing
      myocardial metabolism, improves the protection afforded by cold blood perfusion
      alone.

PMID- 682650
TI  - Benign tumors of right atrium necessitating extensive resection and
      reconstruction.
AB  - Two patients with gigantic benign right atrial tumors were successfully treated
      at New York University Medical Center. Both patients required extensive resection
      and reconstruction for cure. Although these tumors are rare, thorough exploration
      employing cardiopulmonary bypass is required before an appraisal of resectability
      can be made. Reconstruction can be readily accomplished with autologous
      pericardium and thereby provides an opportunity for cure of these unusual and
      rare lesions.

PMID- 682651
TI  - Anomalous origin of circumflex coronary artery from right pulmonary artery:
      report of a rare anomaly.
AB  - A heretofore unreported anomaly of the coronary arteries in which a large
      circumflex artery arises from the pulmonary artery is described. The circumflex
      coronary artery in an 8-year-old girl was filled in a retrograde fashion via
      collaterals from a dominant left anterior descending coronary artery, and the
      right coronary artery was small and nondominant. Successful surgical correction
      of this defect was performed by use of total cardiopulmonary bypass and
      cardioplegic arrest. The orifice of the anomalous vessel and detached from the
      right pulmonary artery and implanted into the posterolateral aspect of the
      ascending aorta. Cardiopulmonary bypass with cardioplegic arrest is recommended
      for reconstruction of coronary arterial anomalies with abnormal sites of origin.

PMID- 682652
TI  - Surgery for arteriovenous fistulas and dilated vessels in the right lung after
      the Glenn procedure.
AB  - A superior vena cava-right pulmonary artery (SVC-RPA) anastomosis was constructed
      in a 2-year-old boy with tetralogy of Fallot. Ten years later and 5 years after
      "corrective" surgery without removal of the shunt, cyanosis and heart failure
      developed. Stereocineangiography and lung scanning revealed arteriovenous
      fistulas and dilated vessels in the right lung. The SVC-RPA anastomosis was taken
      down, the SVC being reimplanted in the right atrium and the RPA end being closed
      with a few stitches. Neither lobectomy nor pneumonectomy was performed.
      Immediately after the operation and during a follow-up period of almost 2 years,
      the boy has remained asymptomatic. Whenever a correction is planned in a patient
      with SVC-RPA anastomosis, the vessels of the right lung should be examined by
      scanning and angiography. If important arteriovenous fistulas do exist, the
      affected lung should be excluded from the pulmonary artery circulation.

PMID- 682653
TI  - Closed aortic valvotomy in infants: late results.

PMID- 682654
TI  - Long-term follow-up of unusual ball-valve aortic substitute.
AB  - On March 19, 1962, prior to the availability of Starr-Edwards ball-valve
      prostheses for aortic substitution, a mitral valve turned upside down was
      implanted for marked calcific aortic stenosis. It worked well and the patient was
      in good health for 15 years. Late annular calcification and loosening of sutures
      with marked perivalvular regurgitation made valve replacement necessary 16 years
      after operation. The original valve was perfectly preserved.

PMID- 682655
TI  - Closed versus open mitral commissurotomy in children with rheumatic mitral
      stenosis.

PMID- 682656
TI  - Optimizing myocardial supply/demand balance with alpha-adrenergic drugs during
      cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
AB  - In 14 dogs the determinants of myocardial blood supply and metabolic demands were
      assessed during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and under steady-state
      conditions in fibrillating hearts on cardiopulmonary bypass. During open chest
      cardiac massage (nine dogs), coronary diastolic blood pressure and blood flow
      were low. Vasopressor infusion (methoxamine or epinephrine) raised diastolic
      pressure from 33 +/- 3 to 55 +/- 3 mm. Hg and increased coronary blood flow (CBF)
      124 percent (from 38 +/- 3 to 85 +/- 11 c.c. per 100 Gm. per minute. Comparison
      of these drugs in fibrillating hearts on cardiopulmonary bypass showed that
      epinephrine increased the "vigor of fibrillation" (intraventricular balloon
      pressure rose 24 percent and oxygen uptake increased 42%) but impeded
      subendocardial flow 53% (endocardial/epicardial flow ratio fell from 0.79 to
      0.48). In contrast, methoxamine did not significantly change intraventricular
      balloon pressure, oxygen uptake, coronary flow, or its distribution. We conclude
      that augmentation of diastolic pressure with alpha adrenergic drugs during CPR
      improves coronary perfusion and that inotropic drugs may worsen myocardial
      ischemia during CPR by raising oxygen demands while simultaneously impeding
      subendocardial blood supply.

PMID- 682657
TI  - Massive pulmonary embolism with circulatory failure: survival following sixty
      hours' support with a membrane lung.
AB  - A 62-year-old man had circulatory failure from massive pulmonary embolism
      following a road accident. Despite intensive therapy including urokinase
      infusion, inotropic drugs, and mechanical ventilation, the patient's circulatory
      status deteriorated. When it became impossible to maintain the mean systemic
      arterial pressure above 50 mm. Hg and the cardiac index above 1 L. per minute per
      square meter, circulatory support by partial cardiopulmonary bypass with a
      membrane lung was begun. Acute circulatory failure and acute pulmonary
      hypertension were promptly reduced by this procedure, and patient's status
      necessitated only intravenous heparin infusion and mechanical ventilation. After
      60 hours of bypass the patient was weaned from the membrane lung, and 1 month
      later he was discharged from the hospital.

PMID- 682658
TI  - Leiomyoma of the lung.
AB  - A case of asymptomatic pulmonary leiomyoma diagnosed by routine chest radiography
      and treated by lobectomy is reported. There is no particular clinical pattern
      that distinguishes this lesion, and diagnostic maneuvers to identify its nature
      are generally unrewarding except for biopsy. Resection is the recommended
      treatment.

PMID- 682659
TI  - The role of bronchoscopy and needle aspiration in the diagnosis of peripheral
      lung masses.
AB  - Sixty patients underwent flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy and percutaneous needle
      aspiration of peripheral lung lesions with fluoroscopic monitoring. A single
      general anesthetic was used. We found that percutaneous needle aspiration was the
      more accurate of the two procedures in establishing a diagnosis but that flexible
      fiberoptic bronchoscopy proved complementary in some instances. The incidence of
      pneumothorax was 27% but aspiration was needed in only 8%. There were no other
      complications. In 84% of patients with primary carcinoma of the lung presenting
      as a peripheral lesion, the diagnosis was established by these procedures. The
      accuracy was less in metastatic lesions and considerably less in benign lesions.

PMID- 682660
TI  - Value of anterior mediastinotomy in bronchogenic carcinoma of the left upper
      lobe.
AB  - Neoplasms of the left upper lobe may spread directly to the anterior mediastinal
      group of nodes without involving the inferior tracheobronchial, superior
      tracheobronchial, or paratracheal nodal chain. Routine cervical mediastinoscopy
      does not sample the anterior mediastinal node group. Parasternal anterior
      mediastinotomy was performed in 28 patients with left upper lobe carcinoma and
      normal findings from cervical mediastinoscopy. Despite the normal findings at
      cervical mediastinoscopy, 10 of the 28 patients were deemed to have inoperable
      disease because of spread of the neoplasm to the anterior nodal group or because
      of direct neoplastic involvement of the aorta or main pulmonary artery. All
      patients in whom results of anterior mediastinotomy were normal had resectable
      lesions at thoracotomy. Fourteen of the 16 patients who came to thoracotomy had
      normal hilar nodes. Parasternal anterior mediastinotomy, introduced by
      Chamberlain, should be performed in addition to standard cervical mediastinoscopy
      if the nodal drainage of left upper lobe neoplasms is to be more completely
      evaluated. Combining these two procedures samples all major drainage pathways
      except the posterior mediastinal nodal chain.

PMID- 682661
TI  - Clinical implications of postoperative unilateral phrenic nerve paralysis.
AB  - Unilateral phrenic nerve paralysis (PNP) folowed 32 (1.7 percent) of 1,891
      consecutive cardiac surgical procedures during an 8 year peroid. Diagnosis was
      based on radiographic criteria with comparison of preoperative and postoperative
      chest radiographs and was confirmed in all 21 evaluated by fluoroscopy. Six had
      persistent radiographic abnormality more than 12 months postoperatively. PNP
      occurred most frequently in association with Blalock-Taussig shunts. These
      operations represented 22 percent of this series, and PNP complicated 7 percent
      of all Blalock-Taussig shunts. PNP was less well tolerated in the 14 infants than
      in the 18 older children. Eleven infants had serious difficulties during weaning
      from mechanical ventilatory support. Five infants required tracheostomy, one
      underwent diaphragmatic plication, and three died. Infants had a mean duration of
      mechanical ventilation of 24 days and required prolonged intensive care and long
      term hospitalization. In comparison, older children had a more benign
      postoperative course. Diaphragmatic plication should be considered in infants
      with paradoxical motion of the hemidiaphragm who remain dependent on mechanical
      ventilatory support for more than 2 weeks postoperatively.

PMID- 682662
TI  - The Senning operation for transposition of the great arteries.
AB  - The original Senning technique of interatrial transposition of venous return was
      selectively employed for physiological correction in 24 patients with
      transposition of the great arteries (TGA) ranging in age from 74 days to 26
      months (median 7 months). Twenty-three had intact ventricular septum and one had
      a large ventricular septal defect and diaphragmatic subpulmonary stenosis. There
      were no hospital or late deaths, and at follow-up examination 1.5 to 12 months
      postoperatively, each patient was asymptomatic, in normal sinus rhythm, and had
      no clinical evidence of caval or pulmonary venous obstruction. Nine patients
      underwent cardiac catheterization and angiocardiographic studies between 1.3 and
      9 months postoperatively which demonstrated widely patent venous pathways and
      effective "left"  and "right" atrial contraction. This experience lends support
      to the continued use of the Senning technique for interatrial transposition of
      venous return.

PMID- 682663
TI  - Total correction of transposition of the great arteries. Conduction disturbances
      in infants younger than three months of age.
AB  - Although total physiological correction of d-transposition of the great arteries
      (d-TGA) is technically feasible in infants, the optimal age for correction has
      remained controversial because of concern regarding major life-threatening
      arrhythmias and the long-term results of the intra-atrial baffle procedure.
      During a 3 year period, 54 children aged 4 days to 5 years, including 24 infants
      aged 3 months or younger, underwent the baffle procedure. Thirty-two children had
      simple transposition and underwent only placement of a pericardial baffle; no
      deaths occurred in this group. Twenty-two had complex transposition requiring in
      addition closure of a ventricular septal defect (VSD) and/or resection of outflow
      tract obstruction; there were four hospital and two late deaths in this group. A
      single operative approach was used in all patients. Sinus rhythm was present at
      discharge in 85 percent of the infants and 76 percent of the older children.
      Three factors--age, mode of cardiopulmonary support, and complexity of the lesion
      -influenced these results.

PMID- 682664
TI  - Surgical treatment of tetralogy of Fallot with pulmonary atresia.
AB  - Thirteen (16 percent) of 80 patients with tetralogy of Fallot and pulmonary
      atresia undergoing corrective operations between Jan. 1, 1967, and Jan. 1, 1978,
      died in the hospital. The hospital mortality rate was 13 percent (10 deaths)
      among the 77 patients with confluent right and left pulmonary arteries. The risk
      of operation was not significantly affected by age at operation or by use of a
      valved external conduit versus a transannular outflow patch. It was affected (p =
      0.008) by the ratio of peak right ventricular to left ventricular pressure
      (PRV/LV) immediately after repair. This (PRV/LV) was determined primarily by size
      of left and right pulmonary arteries. An equation was developed relating
      postrepair PRV/LV to diameter of right and left pulmonary artery (normalized by
      dividing by size of descending thoracic aorta), body surface area, and possible
      arborization abnormalities and stenoses of the right and left pulmonary arteries.
      Cardiac performance after repair was better in those in whom a transannular patch
      was used rather than a valved external conduit. Important pulmonary dysfunction
      postoperatively occurred more often in patients with large "bronchial" arteries
      than in those without them, but was less when these were not ligated. Four (8
      percent) of 48 traced hospital survivors died late postoperatively. Reoperations
      late postoperatively were required only in patients receiving valved external
      conduits. Forty (91 percent) of 44 living traced patients are asymptomatic.

PMID- 682665
TI  - Surgical management of double-outlet right ventricle associated with
      atrioventricular discordance.
AB  - Twenty corrective operations for this unusual syndrome have been performed since
      1965. All but two patients also had pulmonary stenosis; one of the exceptions had
      had pulmonary arterial banding. Two patients had situs inversus of the atria and
      viscera. In only three of the 20 patients (15 percent) was the apex of the heart
      positioned normally. Six patients had an entirely intracardiac repair; two early
      and two late deaths occurred in this group. The other technique, performed in 14
      patients, involved insertion of an extracadiac conduit between a ventriculotomy
      in the morphologically left ventricle and the distal end of the proximally
      oversewn pulmonary artery; one operative and two late deaths occurred in this
      group. Heart block occurred in six patients, including two among the eight who
      had technically satisfactory intraoperative mapping of the His bundle. The
      intraventricular course of the bundle was not consistently positioned, being
      anterior to the septal defect in four and posterior in four. No hospital deaths
      have occurred in the last 13 operations; all except one of the survivors are in
      New York Heart Association Class I or II. Thus correction currently provides a
      good early results but leaves the ventricles in an inverted relationship both
      functionally and anatomically.

PMID- 682666
TI  - Late hemodynamic and angiographic findings after ascending aorta--pulmonary
      artery anastomosis.
AB  - Ascending aorta-pulmonary artery (Waterston) anastomosis was performed in 75
      children, 51 of whom were younger than 1 month of age and 36 younger than 1 week
      of age at the time of operation. There were 21 operative and eight late deaths.
      Operative deaths occurred more frequently in infants with complex cardiac
      conditions and severe hypoxemia and acidosis preoperatively. The postoperative
      status of the pulmonary arteries or arterioles could not be correlate with the
      degree of cardiomegaly, the pulmonary vascular markings, or characteristics of
      the shunt murmur. Sixty-four percent of the patients catheterized had one or more
      postoperative structural abnormalities of the pulmonary arteries following the
      operation, most frequently kinking or narrowing of a pulmonary artery. Occlusion
      of a pulmonary artery occurred in five of 33 patients studied by angiography.
      Pulmonary vascular disease may also develop. Therefore, patients should be
      catheterized 1 year postoperatively to evaluate the level of pulmonary vascular
      resistance and the pulmonary arteries.

PMID- 682667
TI  - Effect of temperature of cardioplegic solution.
AB  - This study tests the hypothesis that the efficacy of cardioplegic solution
      depends upon its chemical constituents rather than on its temperature alone. A
      standard preparation of right heart bypass in the dog was utilized. Left
      ventricular function curves were inscribed before and after 1 hour of aortic
      cross-clamping. No deterioration in function was observed in nonischemic control
      hearts or in hearts protected with cardioplegic solution consisting of potassium
      chloride (25 mEq. per liter) and mannitol (12.5 Gm. per liter in 5 percent
      dextrose and 0.2 percent saline at either 4 degrees C or 28 degrees C. Severe
      myocardial depression was observed in hearts rendered ischemic for 1 hour at 28
      degrees C. without protection and also in hearts perfused with 5 percent dextrose
      and 0.2 percent saline at 28 degrees C. without the potassium chloride and
      mannitol. The evidence from this study indicates that cardioplegic solution
      exerts a protective effect beyond that which is afforded by hypothermia.

PMID- 682668
TI  - Modified technique for radical transmediastinal forequarter amputation and chest
      wall resection.
AB  - Forequarter or interscapulothoracic amputation is a major surgical procedure
      indicated primarily in the treatment of malignant lesions involving the bony and
      soft tissue parieties of the upper part of the arm, shoulder, and scapula. It is
      also indicated in extensive trauma with irreparable damage to the shoulder area
      and as a palliative measure in intractable pain caused by incurable tumors of the
      shoulder girdle. Several operative techniques have been described: the classical
      Berger approach, an anterior pectoral approach, and posterior retroscapular
      approaches. A radical transthoracic approach has been described in cases in which
      the tumor had spread through the chest wall. The two main goals of these
      approaches have been early ligation of the subclavian vessels and immediate
      exploration for operability. This report details our experience with a modified
      technique for radical forequarter amputation and chest wall resection in which a
      transmediastinal approach is employed. This approach was used in two patients:
      One had a radiation-induced fibrosarcoma of the left axilla and adjacent chest
      wall following a radical mastectomy 19 years earlier, and the other patient had a
      recurrent rhabdomyosarcoma of the right axilla with invasion of the chest wall.
      This technique avoids time-consuming and individual excision of ribs and
      minimizes the amount of blood loss by early ligation of the internal mammary
      vessels. Safe and excellent exposure and division of the subclavian vessels and
      early exploration for mediastinal and intrathoracic involvement are made
      possible. Details of the procedure with illustrations are described.

PMID- 682669
TI  - Four decades of experience with resections for bronchogenic carcinoma at the
      Massachusetts General Hospital.
AB  - Experience at the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) with resections for
      primary lung carcinoma is brought up to the clinical staging era (1971) with a 5
      year cumulative survival statistic of 30 percent for the period 1964 through
      1970. Comparison of four decades of experience reveals no change in cumulative
      survival for pulmomary resections for primary lung carcinoma in the years 1941
      through 1970. Attention is directed to the hospital mortality rates for
      pneumonectomy and lobectomy and to the principal causes for these rates. Lymph
      node metastasis continues to be the single most ominous predictor of potential
      survival after pulmonary resection for carcinoma, particularly for all non
      squamous cell types.

PMID- 682670
TI  - Pulmonary sequestration presenting as congestive heart failure.

PMID- 682671
TI  - Development of left ventricular--coronary sinus fistula following replacement of
      mitral valve prosthesis.
AB  - The features and course of a patient in whom a fistula developed between the left
      ventricle and the coronary sinus following replacement of a faulty mitral valve
      prosthesis are described. The subsequent deterioration of her condition was
      associated with a pansystolic murmur and periprosthetic regurgitation.
      Replacement by a third prosthesis was complicated in addition by tricuspid
      regurgitation. The fistula was not suspected until the fourth operation, when the
      right atrium was opened for tricuspid annuloplasty. The fistula was repaired
      successfully, and the woman has made good progress postoperatively.

PMID- 682672
TI  - New surgical technique for the operative management of acute dissections of the
      ascending aorta. Report of two cases.

PMID- 682673
TI  - Use of a ringed intraluminal graft in the surgical treatment of dissecting
      aneurysms of the thoracic aorta. A new technique.
AB  - An intraluminal graft made of woven tubular Dacron with cloth-covered grooved
      rings at both ends is used to repair dissecting aneurysms of the thoracic aorta.
      Six consecutive white male patients ranging in age from 31 to 69 years with an
      average age of 55 years were operated upon with the use of this graft. Three
      patients had a dissecting aneurysm of the ascending aorta and three others had a
      dissecting aneurysm of the descending aorta. Total cardiopulmonary bypass was
      utilized in repairing dissecting aneurysms of the ascending aorta and left heart
      bypass was used in patients with dissecting aneurymsms of the descending aorta.
      The basic technique consists in inserting the whole ringed graft into the true
      lumen of the dissected aorta and circumferentially ligating the aorta against the
      groove in the rings. The proximal ring of the graft effectively stabilized the
      flail aortic valve in two patients with aortic regurgitation associated with
      dissection of the ascending aorta. There were no hospital deaths. All patients
      are doing well 1 year, 1 month to 2 years, 8 months after the operation.

PMID- 682674
TI  - Experience with and comparision of methods of reduction mammaplasty.
AB  - Experinece with bilateral reduction mammaplasty in 213 patients has been
      reviewed. Complications, while not infrequent, are rarely of a serious or lasting
      nature. In the experience of the authors, the McKissock procedure has yielded the
      most consistently good results, although very good results were occasionally
      achieved with all of the other techniques employed.

PMID- 682675
TI  - Points of technique in reduction mammaplasty by the vertical-pedicle method.
AB  - The technique of reduction mammaplasty by the vertical-pedicle method of
      McKissock has been enjoying increasing popularity, although there are some
      apparent drawbacks resulting in less than optimal results. The points of
      technique emphasized in this communication have proven helpful in eliminating
      most, if not all, of the less than satisfactory result frequently experienced
      with this approach. Consistently good experience can be expected if attention is
      paid to the details described.

PMID- 682676
TI  - Hematologic (cytopenic) manifestations of Wilson's disease (hepatolenticular
      degeneration).
AB  - The records of 54 consecutive patients with Wilson's disease seen at the Mayo
      Clinic from 1952 through early 1977 were reviewed to determine the frequency fo
      hematologic abnormalaties in their evaluation. Leukopenia and thrombocytopenia
      sometimes have been ascribed to treatment with D-penicillamine and its toxicity;
      however, we have found cytopenia to be a frequent finding in the presenting
      laboratory data of patients with Wilson's disease. Twenty-eight patients (52%)
      had thrombocytopenia and 16 of these patients (30% of the total) also had
      leukopenia. Severe, acute, intermittent hemolytic episodes were the initial and
      only presenting complaint of one patient. Six of the patients with significant
      cytopenias had splenectomy, and in all cases the peripheral blood counts returned
      to normal values. Long-term treatment with D-penicillamine improved the hepatic
      and neurologic dysfunction in most patients; however, the cytopenias remained
      unchanged except in three patients (treated 2, 5, and 10 years).

PMID- 682677
TI  - Epidemiology of renal and ureteral cancer in Rochester, Minnesota, 1950-1974,
      with special reference to clinical and pathologic features.

PMID- 682678
TI  - Prospective analysis of psoriatic arthritis in patients hospitalized for
      psoriasis.
AB  - Among 77 patients hospitalized with psoriasis, 30 (39%) had psoriatic arthritis.
      Arthiritis was more frequent (P less than 0.05) in those with extensive psoriasis
      (grades 3 and 4) than in those with less extensive psoriasis (grade 1 and 2).
      Temporally, flares in skin and joint disease were not closely related. The Moll
      Wright classification of psoriatic arthritis into five clinical groups could be
      loosely applied to our patients. However, sacroiliitis (present in 33% of the
      patients) was seen in all five groups and was related to HLA-B27 antigen.
      Although there was no positive correlation between extent of psoriasis and serum
      urate level, four patients had gout. Mean serum urate level was higher (P less
      than 0.05) in females with psoriatic arthritis than in females with psoriasis
      alone. Antinuclear antibodies were found in 6 of 19 patients with psoriatic
      arthritis and in none of the 11 patients with psoriasis alone.

PMID- 682679
TI  - Myocardial ultrastructural changes after experimental ventricular fibrillation
      and anoxic arrest.
AB  - A transmural myocardial biopsy method was used to study changed in ultrastructure
      after induced ventricular fibrillation or anoxic arrest in the canine heart.
      Interstitial edema, mitochondrial derangement, contraction bands, and swelling of
      capillary endothelium were more extensive in subendocardial than in subepicardial
      layer after anoxic arrest. Significant numbers of contraction bands were also
      seen in the myocardium after induced ventricular fibrillation. These changes
      appeared to be reversible at least in part in the group with induced ventricular
      fibrillation but generally not in the anoxic arrest animals. After anoxic arrest,
      preservation of the endocardial layer was significantly poorer than that of the
      epicardium; after ventricular fibrillation, there appeared to be no such
      difference. Myocardial mitochondria and glycogen granules were intact and more
      numerous after ventricular fibrillation than after anoxic arrest. The lesser
      damage after ventricular fibrillation than after anoxic arrest suggest that the
      myocardium may be affected less by the no-reflow phenomenon after normal coronary
      circulation is restored in ventricular fibrillation.

PMID- 682680
TI  - Fatal disseminated intravascular coagulation after peritoneovenous shunt for
      intractable ascites.
AB  - Peritoneovenous shunt for intractable ascites was complicated by disseminated
      intravascular coagulation, which resulted in the death of the patient. Attention
      is called to this potentially serious complication. The cause of disseminated
      intravascular coagulation occurring after peritoneovenous shunt is uncertain.
      Patients at risk for this complication need to be identified if this shunt is
      being considered.

PMID- 682681
TI  - Meningitis due to group C streptococci in an adult.
AB  - Group C streptococci are generally considered to be a rare cause of infection in
      man. Infections due to these microorganisms, however, are common in several
      animal species. To our knowledge, the literature contains only two previous cases
      of meningitis in man which were due to group C streptococci. In one of these
      cases meningitis developed as a complication of endocarditis due to group C
      streptococci. Our recent clinical experience with a patient with severe acute
      meningitis caused by group C streptococci is reported and the pertinent
      literature is reviewed. The illness manifested itself as a severe form of acute
      meningitis, with slow but statisfactory response to therapy with penicillin.

PMID- 682682
TI  - Recurrent Goodpasture's syndrome.
AB  - A 49-year-old woman had three distinct episodes of pulmonary hemorrhage over a 11
      year period separated by symptom-free intervals of 6 and 5 years. The first and
      third episodes were associated with mild glomerulonephritis and linear deposition
      of IgG along glomerular/tubular basement membranes. The first episode was
      associated with a rising influenza A2 titer. Investigation of the third episode
      revealed circulating antiglomerular basement membrane antibodies detected by
      radioimmunoassay but not by indirect immunofluorescence. Antilung basement
      membrane antibodies were detected by both direct and indirect immunofluorescence.
      Recovery from each hemorrhage followed blood transfusion and oxygen therapy. This
      case demonstrates that (1) Goodpasture's syndrome, predominantly manifest by
      pulmonary hemorrhage, may have circulating antibodies with greater affinity for
      lung membrane compared with glomerular basement membrane, and (2) the
      antiglomerular basement membrane antibody response is not necessarily an acute
      self-limited event but may be a chronic or recurrent phenomenon.

PMID- 682683
TI  - Psoriatic arthritis.

PMID- 682684
TI  - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

PMID- 682685
TI  - Testicular relapse in leukemia.

PMID- 682686
TI  - Double-outlet right ventricle. Anatomic and angiocardiographic correlations.
AB  - A series of 72 patients with proved double-outlet right ventricle was studied
      with reference to the ability of angiocardiography to determine the location of a
      ventricular septal defect when it was associated with various great-artery
      relationships. Only 2 of the 72 patients had an intact ventricular septum. The
      other 70 patients had 16 possible anatomic variations based on four positions of
      the ventricular septal defect (subaortic, subpulmonary, subaortic and
      subpulmonary, and remote type) and four great-artery relationships (normal, side
      by side, dextromalposition, and levomalposition). Using the hemodynamic
      information regarding systemic and pulmonary arterial saturations, combined with
      biplane angiocardiographic data from the right ventricle (and if possible with
      left ventriculography), one can predict the location of ventricular septal
      defect. Because the different types of double-outlet right ventricle have
      different surgical approaches, this information can be important to the surgeon.

PMID- 682687
TI  - Effect of aspirin on prevention of coronary and cerebrovascular disease in
      patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A long-term follow-up study.
AB  - Between 1950 and 1975, 473 Rochester patients had the diagnosis of rheumatoid
      arthritis and received aspirin treatment. These patients were followed for an
      average of 10 years to determine whether they experienced myocardial infarction,
      classic angina pectoris, sudden unexpected death, or cerebral infarction less
      often than expected on the basis of age- and sex-specific incidence rates of each
      event known for the Rochester population. In none of these disease entities,
      separately, or combined, was the expected number significantly different from the
      observed. However, when we examined these events separately by sex, observed
      numbers in males were 30 to 50% less than expected in all four studied end
      events. Because the male population was small, none of these differences reached
      statistical significance. The possible effect of aspirin in the primary
      prevention of vascular disease in males is discussed in light of the recent
      similar reported results in secondary prevention.

PMID- 682688
TI  - Detection of hematoporphyrin fluorescence during fiberoptic bronchoscopy to
      localize early bronchogenic carcinoma.
AB  - Photoelectric detection of fluorescence from hematoporphyrin-containing "occult"
      bronchogenic carcinoma is a potentially useful technique for localizing and
      delineating such cancers. A method is presented which would enable use of a
      fluorescence-detection system simultaneously with conventional illumination
      during flexible bronchofiberscopic examination. Preliminary data suggest that
      quantities of hematoporphyrin as small as 5 picograms can be detected on the
      surface of tumors by this method.

PMID- 682689
TI  - Surgical treatment of congenital pelvic arteriovenous malformation.
AB  - Congenital arteriovenous fistulas often pose difficult diagnostic and management
      problems. Surgical therapy has been associated with a propensity for incomplete
      obliteration and recurrence. A case of a large congenital pelvic arteriovenous
      malformation, initially misdiagnosed as an atrial septal defect, was defined by
      selective roentgenographic and contrast echographic techniques and successfully
      treated by total surgical excision.

PMID- 682690
TI  - Barrett's esophagus occurring as a complication of scleroderma.
AB  - Two patients had both scleroderma and a columnar epithelium-lined lower esophagus
      (Barrett esophagus). Features of Barrett's esophagus included high esophageal
      strictures in both patients and ulcer craters in the columnar area of one. Biopsy
      confirmed columnar epithelium in the lower esophagus of each patient. In these
      patients, the Barrett esophagus probably was a complication of scleroderma and
      resulted from long-standing gastroesophageal reflux.

PMID- 682691
TI  - The needle in the haystack.

PMID- 682692
TI  - Colonic cancer in inflammatory bowel disease.

PMID- 682693
TI  - Ureteral granuloma in Churg-Strauss syndrome.

PMID- 682694
TI  - Radiological case of the month: Intracavity fungus ball.

PMID- 682695
TI  - How the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty operates.

PMID- 682696
TI  - Retention improvement by topical application of uridine monophosphate into
      different brain areas.
AB  - This study aimed to demonstrate the effect of uridine monophosphate (UMP) on the
      consolidation of a brightness-discrimination reaction after topical application
      of this RNA precursor into the hippocampus, the neocortex or the mesencephalic
      reticular formation (MRF). Thirty minutes before the rats started their training
      in a Y-chamber, UMP was injected into each animal through cannula implanted into
      the particular brain area. When injected into hippocampus or MRF UMP exerted no
      influence on acquisition, but after epidural UMP injection an impairment of
      acquisition was observed. After intrahippocampal or epidural UMP application the
      retention test carried out 48 hour after training showed a significant
      improvement in retention performance, whereas UMP injection into MRF showed no
      influence on retention. Consequently, the retention-improving effect of UMP is
      probably not induced by activation of ascending neuronal systems.

PMID- 682697
TI  - Studies of hand blood flow of the Igloolik Eskimo.
AB  - The hand blood flow of Igloolik Eskimos was measured by venous occlusion
      plethysmography. The purpose of the investigation was to study circulatory
      adjustments to cold exposure. Such adjustment can be anatomical or functional.
      Our attention was especially directed to maximal resting circulation with the aim
      of obtaining information about the capacity of the peripheral vascular bed in
      different age groups of cold-exposed people. Resting blood flow ml/100 ml
      handvolume/min in vasodilated Eskimo men did not appreciably differ from that of
      men of the same age in other ethnic groups. Women of 20-50 years of age had
      significantly higher circulation than men 20-50 years. This finding may be due to
      the smaller hand and the relative quantities of different tissues. Females above
      50 years had a very low hand circulation compared with the younger females, in
      contrast to males above 50 years who did not differ significantly from their
      younger colleagues. Any explanation other than hormonal is not warranted at this
      time. The results show that cold stress to the skin does not induce hypertrophy
      of the peripheral vascular bed which can be detected during vasodilated
      conditions or reactive hyperemia after 5 minutes of arterial stasis.

PMID- 682698
TI  - Relative potency of some neuromuscular blocking drugs in vivo and in vitro.
AB  - The relative potencies of alcuronium, d-tubocurarine, gallamine, pancuronium and
      succinylcholine as neuromuscular blocking agents were tested in vivo (acute
      toxicity in mice) and in vitro (rat phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation). In
      vivo, pancuronium was about 4 times more potent than alcuronium or d
      tubocurarine, whose LD50-values were of the order of 2 X 10(-7) mol/kg. On a
      molar basis, succinylcholine was about 5 times less potent and gallamine about 20
      times less potent than alcuronium or d-tubocurarine. In vitro, succinylcholine
      was as effective as d-tubocurarine and alcuronium. The IC50-values for these
      drugs were of the drugs were of the order of 2 X 10(-6)M. Pancuronium was about 2
      times less potent and gallamine about 100 times less potent than the other three
      drugs in vitro. The in vivo-potencies correlate better than those obtained in
      vitro with observations from the clinical use of these muscle relaxants.

PMID- 682699
TI  - The effect of peripherally administered 6-hydroxydopamine on food and water
      intake in rats.
AB  - The effect of peripheral administration of a single dose of 6-hydroxydopamine (6
      OHDA; 100 mg/kg i.p.) on ingestive behaviours in adult rats has been studied.
      Individual food and water intakes were measured daily for a period of 7 days
      following treatment. Most animals became hypophagic for up to 72 hours and
      hypodipsic for up to 24 hours. The possibility that peripherally administered 6
      OHDA may enter the CSF by means of the circum-ventricular organs and thereby
      exert central behavioural effects is discussed.

PMID- 682700
TI  - The effects of 6-hydroxydopamine, atropin and propranolol on avidin synthesis by
      the chick oviduct.
AB  - The systemic administration of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) induced avidin
      production in the oestrogen-primed immature chick oviduct, whereas atropin and
      propranolol had no effect on avidin levels. 6-OHDA also significantly potentiated
      avidin synthesis induced by local tissue damage.

PMID- 682701
TI  - Keynote address.

PMID- 682702
TI  - Standardization for displays.

PMID- 682703
TI  - Fundamentals of... incident illumination photomicrography. Part 2: Dark field and
      oblique techniques. Practical considerations.

PMID- 682704
TI  - The invisible artist.

PMID- 682705
TI  - An illustrative reconstruction of the Moorgate tube train disaster.

PMID- 682706
TI  - Imapct of a primary care group practice on emergency room utilization at a
      community hospital.
AB  - This paper reports the effects on a community hospital's emergency room
      utilization that were brought about by the development of a primary care group
      practice. The practice, which has replaced the hospital's traditionally
      structured outpatient clinics, employs full-time, salaried physicians and
      provides evening office hours and 24-hour coverage. The primary care group
      appears to have effected a substantial reduction in pediatric emergency room use.
      To a lesser extent, utilization by former clinic users among the adult atients
      was also reduced. These reductions, however, created only modest impact in the
      context of the hospital's total emergency room use, owed in part to the
      relatively small size of the patient population who formerly had depended upon
      the hospital for primary care.

PMID- 682707
TI  - A multivariate analysis of the likelihood and volume of preventive visit demand
      in a prepaid group practice.
AB  - An economic framework for the investigation of the demand for preventive medical
      care services is suggested and empirical models for the likelihood and volume of
      preventive physician visits are specified. These are tested using data on 3,892
      individuals enrolled in the Kaiser Foundation Prepaid Health Plan of Portland,
      Oregon. Preventive visits, delineated by the Kaiser Clinical Behavioral
      Classification System, included general medical examinations, eye examinations,
      well-child care and immunization services. Multiple regression is used to
      estimate the likelihood of preventive visits for all persons and the volume of
      preventive visits for users. Income and coinsurance were the most significant
      economic variables in the likelihood equation, possessing the expected positive
      and negative signs, respectively. The usual findings of a positive education
      effect and negative family size effect were supported by the results. The
      economic variables were less significant in the volume equations than in the
      likelihood equations, suggesting that system and physician effects may neutralize
      these factors. Females were more likely to make a preventive visit than were
      males and the relatively young and old were the heaviest age-group users of
      preventive care. Perceived helath status did not appear to significantly affect
      preventive care demand.

PMID- 682708
TI  - Discrepancies between admission and discharge diagnoses in a university hospital.
AB  - Admission screening and certification systems for utilization review are based on
      acceptance of attending physicians' admitting diagnosis. This study was conducted
      to: 1) determine the consistency of admission diagnosis as compared to discharge
      diagnosis: i) identify the characteristics of patients and diagnoses subject to
      higher rates of diagnostic discrepancy; and 3) analyze the apparent reasons for
      such discrepancies. The following methods were used: direct comparison of
      admission and discharge diagnosis on a sample (n = 955) of university hospital
      patients using a rating scale to measure the degree of change in specificity and
      category of diagnosis; analysis of diagnostic change by hospital service,
      demographic characteristics of patients, length of stay, and source of payment;
      review of charts with the greatest diagnostic discrepancy. Diagnostic changes
      were found in 26.8 per cent of all admissions (n = 230) and were most frequent in
      neurological, medical and pediatric patients. The rate of change varied with
      patient age and length of stay and was lowest in Medicaid patients. Changes were
      usually from general to more specific diagnosis in related categories, with 4.3
      per cent being discharged undiagnosed and 2.9 per cent with unrelated diagnosis.
      Major causes for discrepancies were related to clinical and laboratory findings.
      No evidence was found for deliberate diagnostic manipulation to gain admission or
      to improve financial coverage.

PMID- 682709
TI  - A study of 128 deaths in New York City correctional facilities (1971-1976):
      implications for prisoner health care.
AB  - During a 5 1/2 year period, January, 1971 through July, 1976, 128 deaths occurred
      in New York City. The epidemiology of prisoner deaths including suicide was
      examined in a large incarcerated population. Each death was categorized according
      to the International Classification of Diseases. The mean age of the prisoner
      death was 34 years. Only 3 deaths occurred among females. Ethnic distribution of
      these deaths was similar to the prison population. Deaths of prisoners fell into
      2 categories: external causes (suicide, accidents, homicide, legal intervention)
      and nonviolent causes. External causes accounted for 71 deaths. The leading cause
      of death was suicide, accounting for 52 deaths. Suicides occurred in all time
      periods of incarceration. The highest rate was in the 35 to 44 year age group.
      History of drug or alcohol abuse was reported by 69 per cent of the suicides. One
      third of the prisoners committing suicides had histories of previous attempts or
      previous mental hospitalizations. Except for 2 individuals, the method was
      hanging. For the most part, prisoners at risk for suicide exhibited a common
      pattern and were identifiable. During the last 2 1/2 years of the study period,
      deaths were reviewed by a prisoner death committee. Deficiencies of care in
      deaths of nonviolent causation were categorized as "provider," "corrections," or
      "system." The most common deficiency in care was delay in hospitalization of
      prisoners requiring care.

PMID- 682710
TI  - Encouraging behavior changes by use of client-held health records.
AB  - A process was developed to encourage individuals to take more responsibility for
      their health by using a client-held health record. The motivation for the record,
      called a Personal Life Health Plan (PLHP), stems from the fact that the majority
      of ills which afflict an individual can be abated by behavior changes. The PLHP
      contains most of what is in a medical record but also has sections which deal
      with health maintenance; a past health history, a family health history, tables
      of individualized risks of morbidity and mortality, a health maintenance plan,
      and tables of physiological measurements. The PLHP process helps to make explicit
      the steps of 1) naming existing and potential health problems; 2) reflecting on
      their causes; and 3) taking actions to overcome them. Additionally, the record
      helps maintain continuity of care. Pilot studies made in two settings indicate
      that a significant percentage of individuals will use a PLHP and that physicians
      and nurse practitioners can incorporate it into their routine of providing care
      with minimal expenditures of time. Longer term studies will be required to
      determine effects on behavior, compliance and health services utilizations.

PMID- 682711
TI  - Increasing maternal participation in the hospitalization of young children.
AB  - In an attempt to reduce the harmful emotional effects of separation for young
      children, hospitals in recent years have liberalized visiting hours, but parents
      have not taken advantage of their new privileges. The study described here sought
      to increase mothers' participation in their children's hospitalization by
      overcoming some of the psychological barriers believed to exist. The mothers of
      48 children aged 1 to 5, to be admitted for elective surgery to a large,
      metropolitan pediatric hospital, constituted the primary sample and were divided
      into experimental and control groups. Mothers in the experimental group had an
      extra half-hour session in a pre-admission interview focusing on visiting, and
      specific suggestions were made about frequency and timing of visits, as well as
      the role of the mother during her visits. During the experimental period weekly
      meetings were held with the nursing staff to enlist their support for this change
      in visiting patterns. Results indicate that duration of visits, timing of visits,
      and behavior during them were all significantly modified for the experimental
      group of mothers. In contrast, the nurses did not significantly change their
      relationship with the mothers or the children. Clinical possibilities and
      limitations of such a program are discussed.

PMID- 682712
TI  - Mexican-American folk belief in a pediatric emergency room.
AB  - The pattern, extent and patient care implications of medical folk belief in the
      Mexican-American population utilizing a pediatric emergency room were assessed.
      The parents of caretakers of 85 randomly selected patients were interviewed in
      the emergency room waiting area. The extent of knowledge and family history of
      four traditional folk diseases (magical fright, evil eye, surfeit, and fallen
      fontanelle) were determined, as was the utitlization of folk healers. The
      proportion of individuals with traditional knowledge varied with the specific
      folk disease and with demographic characteristics. Those born in Mexico were more
      likely to have knowledge of folk disease symptoms and treatment. Of 43 patients
      who had received treatment prior to coming to the emergency room, 13 had received
      an herbal folk remedy prescribed by a family member. Twenty-eight reported
      previous use of folk healers for pediatric illness although none had sought such
      care for the present illness. Of 57 informants who offered a cause for the
      child's present illness, two named a folk disease. Mexican-American folk belief
      is common in the population of Hispanic origin who utilize this pediatric
      emergency room. The illness for which care is sought, however, is felt to be
      amenable to scientific care and therfore medical folk belief is not often a
      clinically relevant factor in the emergency room setting.

PMID- 682713
TI  - The economic cost of illness: fiscal 1975.
AB  - In 1963, Rice estimated the costs of illness and then allocated these costs by
      disease. She and Cooper in 1972 updated the original estimates and developed a
      more sophisticated methodological approach. This paper updates further the costs
      of illness to 1975 and presents further methodological changes. Analysis of the
      direct and indirect costs of illness for 1975 reveals that the upward trend into
      total costs continued, reaching $264 billion. The indirect costs are loss of
      earnings due to morbidity or premature mortality estimated at various discount
      rates allocated into 18 categories by disease. The direct costs include such
      payments as those made for hospital care, physician services, and drugs which are
      allocated by disease and unallocated costs such as construction and research. The
      proportion of total costs due to premature mortality were found to drop slightly
      from 1972 to 1975, while the morbidity share increased slightly. Direct costs
      account for approximately the same share of total illness in 1975 as in 1972. The
      proportion of total costs accounted for by direct costs varies directly with the
      discount rate selected, with the direct costs accounting for 50 per cent of the
      total at the 10 per cent discount rates and 37 per cent at 2.5 per cent rate. The
      proportion due to morbidity costs also varies directly with the discount rate,
      although the changes are small. There is an inverse relationship between the
      share for premature mortality costs and discount rate.

PMID- 682714
TI  - A comment on "The role of the Nurse-Practitioner in a Pediatric Team: Patient
      Definitions".

PMID- 682715
TI  - A comment on "The Role of the Nurse-practioner in a Pediatric Team: Patient
      Definitions".

PMID- 682716
TI  - [Truncal vagotomy: intervation of choice in the treatment of duodenal ulcer].

PMID- 682717
TI  - [The value of Glucagon Novo for the preparation and realization of double
      contrast radiography of the colon].

PMID- 682718
TI  - [Hemorrhoids and anal pruritus. The value of local Mycolog treatment].

PMID- 682719
TI  - [The place of vegetable fiber in the treatment of constipation].

PMID- 682720
TI  - The diagnosis of diabetes: how to determine which patients to treat.
AB  - The diagnosis of diabetes depends on identifying a compatible clinical picture
      with confirmation by demonstrable abnormalities in blood glucose levels. In
      florid diabetes, classical symptoms of diabetes and high glucose in blood and
      urine make the diagnosis easy. For asymptomatic diabetes; if confirmed fasting
      blood glucose measures over 125 mg per 100 ml, the diagnosis is accepted. When
      the fasting blood glucose measures under 125 mg per 100 ml, I recommend an oral
      glucose tolerance test and apply suitable criteria for interpretation. The United
      States Public Health Service criteria represent a reasonable, moderate approach
      when one modifies the interpretation by cognizance of environmental factors in
      the patient and by identifying interfering influences as drugs, physical
      inactivity, fever or starvation. Indeed, one should postpone a glucose tolerance
      test until these interfering factors abate. Management of the patient with an
      abnormal glucose tolerance test includes sharing the prognostic dilemma with the
      patient regarding the likelihood of deterioration in glucose tolerance to florid
      diabetes. In this situation the term, abnormal glucose tolerance test, is
      preferred over chemical diabetes. The physician and the patient must develop some
      degree of comfort with a clinical state that often remains nebulous. Though the
      writings of authorities occasionally sound dogmatic, rigid, and conflicting, they
      reflect a viewpoint which opines that no clear answers are available; that the
      clinician and his patient must accept this posture; and that together they must
      develop the best therapeutic program for the individual in question.

PMID- 682721
TI  - The genetics of diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 682722
TI  - Pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Techniques have been developed for examining the binding of insulin to its target
      cells and for evaluating the in vivo action of insulin, rekindling interest in
      the possible role of insulin resistance in adult-onset diabetes. A host of new
      data have accumulated regarding the contribution of glucagon to the syndrome.

PMID- 682723
TI  - Diabetes and the family.
AB  - The reaction of the family to the presence of chronic illness depends on the
      composition of the family, the presence of significant others, the cultural
      background, the education of family members, the stage of family development, and
      finally the health-belief model adopted by the family.

PMID- 682724
TI  - Education of the patient with diabetes.

PMID- 682725
TI  - [Fasting and vegetarian food].

PMID- 682726
TI  - [Treatment of schizophrenia with artificial kidney].

PMID- 682727
TI  - [Decentralized care of skull injuries].

PMID- 682728
TI  - [Catastrophy on Teneriffe].

PMID- 682729
TI  - [Fasting and vegetarian food--a therapeutic alternative].

PMID- 682730
TI  - [Frequency of cholecystectomy in the county of Stockholm--an 8-year study].

PMID- 682731
TI  - [Acute skull injuries at a hospital lacking a neurosurgeon--an analysis].

PMID- 682732
TI  - [Catheterization of the umbilical artery in newborn infants].

PMID- 682733
TI  - [Shin spots, purpura and gangrene in diabetics].

PMID- 682734
TI  - [Surgical treatment of impotence].

PMID- 682735
TI  - [Intracerebral bleeding].

PMID- 682736
TI  - [Intracerebral hemorrhages (1): Clinical course, examination procedures and
      treatment principles].

PMID- 682737
TI  - [Intracerebral hemorrhages (2): Radiological diagnosis].

PMID- 682738
TI  - [Intracerebral hemorrhages (4): Subdural hematoma--an important differential
      diagnosis in cerebral insult].

PMID- 682739
TI  - [Pleuritis in pancreatitis].

PMID- 682740
TI  - [Risks with exaggerated use of laxatives].

PMID- 682741
TI  - [The surgical department environment and postoperative wound infections].

PMID- 682742
TI  - [Postoperative wound infections in a new central surgery department].

PMID- 682743
TI  - [Psychiatric consultation at a department for obstetrics and gynecology].

PMID- 682744
TI  - [Diabetes and pregnancy].

PMID- 682745
TI  - [Improved prospects to a successful pregnancy in diabetes: Experiences in
      Uppsala].

PMID- 682746
TI  - [Infants to diabetic mothers in Uppsala 1964-1975].

PMID- 682747
TI  - [Carbohydrate metabolism during normal and diabetic pregnancy].

PMID- 682748
TI  - [Medical control of diabetes during pregnancy].

PMID- 682749
TI  - [Obstetrical viewpoints on control and care of pregnant diabetic patients].

PMID- 682750
TI  - [Physician's information to the pregnant diabetic].

PMID- 682751
TI  - [Experiences of care of pregnant diabetics at a country hospital].

PMID- 682753
TI  - [Echocardiographic assessment of heart function].

PMID- 682752
TI  - [The "walking school"--a rehabilitation center for leg amputees].

PMID- 682754
TI  - [Dengue fever in a tourist returning from Sri Lanka].

PMID- 682755
TI  - [Chlorinated phenoxyacids and their dioxins].

PMID- 682756
TI  - [School physical education under debate].

PMID- 682757
TI  - [Childlessness in developing countries--a neglected population problem].

PMID- 682758
TI  - [Thymus extract--effect on experimental tuberculosis].

PMID- 682759
TI  - [Loffler's fibroplastic endocarditis with blood eosinophilia].

PMID- 682760
TI  - [Hydroxyquinoline victims in Sweden].

PMID- 682761
TI  - [Systematic rehabilitation at a psychiatric clinic].

PMID- 682762
TI  - [Silicosis mortality].

PMID- 682763
TI  - [Emergency visits and primary care].

PMID- 682765
TI  - [Therapeutic x-ray diagnosis].

PMID- 682764
TI  - [Medical rehabilitation].

PMID- 682766
TI  - [Hypertension and oral contraceptives].

PMID- 682767
TI  - [Prolapsing mitral valves--echocardiographic findings and clinical significance].

PMID- 682768
TI  - [Anaerobic respiratory tract infections].

PMID- 682769
TI  - [Nursing ideology and its effect on care in an acute psychiatric ward].

PMID- 682770
TI  - [Isotope studies in brain diseases].

PMID- 682771
TI  - [Results of the therapy of the carcinoma of the breast by partial mastectomy
      evaluation after over 15 years (author's transl)].
AB  - Between 1950 and 1960, 118 partial mastectomies in the treatment of early breast
      cancer have been carried out in four different techniques with block dissection
      and radiotherapy. The 5-10-15 year survivals were compared to a similar selection
      of 217 patients with radical operations. No significant differences could be
      found between the 5 and 10 years survival rates, but the number of patients
      living longer than 15 years is much higher following radical operation chiefly in
      the cases with stage II. It is probably caused by the double frequency of local
      recidives following partial mastectomy, and after their treatment no patients
      survived to the 15th year. Partial mastectomy is no routine procedure. It is
      carried out when the patient refuses radical operation. The partial mastectomy
      should be the subject of a controlled clinical study.

PMID- 682772
TI  - [Changes of serum-zinc in breast cancer (author's transl)].
AB  - Serum-zinc-levels were evaluated in patients with breast cancer in relation to
      the various stages. Patients with metastatic breast cancer had significantly
      depressed zinc-levels, wereas patients with disease apparently localized to the
      breast and draining lymphnodes had nearly normal serumzinc levels. It appears
      that the determination of serumzinc in breast cancer patients may be of value in
      discriminating between localized and metastatic disease.

PMID- 682773
TI  - [Aortic aneurysm and horseshoe kidney--case report and collective review
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Based on the own experience and on an intesive study of the literature with a
      total of 52 patients with an aortic aneurysm and a horseshoe kidney the problems
      of operative treatment are discussed. The conclusion is made, that the treatment
      of this rare combination has its special difficulties in nearly 2/3 of all cases,
      but the same results as conventional surgery of aortic aneurysms, when the renal
      artery abnormalities are respected and treated with adequate vascular surgical
      skill.

PMID- 682774
TI  - [Emergency colon diagnosis by water-soluble contrast enemas (author's transl)].
AB  - When surgery of the colon must be carried out for special indications and
      emergencies, it is not possible to make diagnosis with Ba SO4 contrast mediums.
      In these cases, reasonable success can be expected with substitution of three
      iodized water-soluble contrast enemas. Through perforations and discharge from
      the colon they are absorbed into the free peritoneal cavity and enable diagnoses
      which are nearly comparable in quality to those done with Ba SO4 contrast
      mediums. In double contrast radiography according to the Malmo technique
      recognition of surface detail can be considered sufficient. Advantages and
      disadvantages as well as indications are listed in table form. Examples are
      documented to complete the chapter on results.

PMID- 682775
TI  - [Reconstruction of the pharynx and cervical esophagus by deltopectoral flap
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The reconstruction of the pharynx can be done in one or two operations. The
      deltopectoral flap has proved successful in both cases, as well with the forming
      of the new pharynx as with the covering of the big throat defect. The methods of
      operating with own modification, the results in seven cases, and the advantages
      of the deltopectoral flap are described.

PMID- 682776
TI  - [On the surgery of esophago- tracheal fistulae (author's transl)].
AB  - Esophago-tracheal fistulae develop to an increasing extent due to the long-term
      intubation in intensive-care patients. Their treatment is usually problematic,
      since the general condition of the patient, weakened by his basic disease, very
      often does not permit any major intervention; in addition, the topographical
      location of the fistula makes the access to it even more difficult. In one
      patient two attempts failed to close the fistula from an extended tracheostomy.
      The narrow access passage between the anaesthetic tube and the tracheal wall did
      not permit an exact suture; the heavy formation of scars in the fistular
      environment did not permit either a preparation in layers or the shift of mucosal
      flaps for coverage. However, a fistula was successfully closed from a collar
      mediastinotomy. With normal tracheal width, unrestricted esophagus function was
      restored without damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve. The advantages of this
      surgical method are discussed in greater detail.

PMID- 682777
TI  - [Objective diagnosis of the auriculo-temporal syndrome (author's transl)].
AB  - After 263 operations on the parotid fourteen developed the auriculo-temporal
      syndrome. It occurs more often after extensive procedures with dissection of the
      facial nerve than after simple extracapsular shelling out. A method of
      establishing the diagnosis of the syndrome objectively by measuring the
      electrical resistance is described. The aetiology ist attributed to
      parasympathetic nerve fibres regenerating in the wrong direction after surgery.

PMID- 682778
TI  - [Investigation of inflammatory paranasal sinus diseases with scintigraphy
      (author's transl)].
AB  - In the course of inflammatory diseases affecting the paranasal sinuses, a number
      of complications may occur. One of those is the involvement of neighbouring
      skeletal portions. By this study evidence is given, that there is a high rate of
      inflammation, spreading to adjoining bone areas. This applis also to early stages
      and first manifestations. Especially in cases of surgery, complete recovery is
      rare. The pattern of chronic recurrent osteomyelitis may develop.

PMID- 682779
TI  - [Experimental results and use of the manosonic aerosoliser (U.D.V.) for the
      treatment of middle-ear and affections (author's transl)].
AB  - The Manosonic Aerosoliser (UDV in German) is an Ultrasonic generator delivering a
      dense aerosol in a closed inhalating circuit in combination with temporary
      overpressures and sonic vibrations. In order to evaluate the efficiency of this
      new mode of areosoltherapy the Authors devised a glass model: a small vessel
      representing a sinus was connected to the aerosol stream by a little tube, a
      small ball being applicated by its own weight on the aperture to simulate the
      pathological obstructions (dyspermeabilities). The aerosol was made from a
      solution of Lithium Choloride and the amount introduced estimated by atomic
      absorbiton spectrometry. An increase of about 15 fold was found between ordinary
      and vibrated(sonic) aerosols and 35 fold more between vibrated and U.D.V. A short
      summary of clinical results is given as a confirmation of the expected efficacity
      of the U.D.V. treatment.

PMID- 682780
TI  - [Papilloma of the larynx. Immunology (author's transl)].
AB  - Electron-microscopic and immunohistological studies show the cross-reactivity of
      an antigen in verruca plana, condyloma acuminatum and laryngeal papilloma. If
      this antigen is identical with papova virus or a tumor-performed antigen, cannot
      be distinguished definately. The fact that sera of patients bearing condylomata
      acuminata show strong antigen-antibody-reaction with tissue-sections of laryngeal
      papilloma by means of immunofluorescence microscopy, is discussed in a probably
      therapeutical point of view.

PMID- 682781
TI  - [Nasal fluid immunoglobulin level in acute sinusitis (author's transl)].
AB  - Nasal fluid immunoglobulin concentration in acute sinusitis nasal fluid IgG, IgA
      and albumin content were estimated in longitudinal profile in acute and chronic
      sinusitis patients. Transsudation of these proteins becomes stimulated by acute
      mucosal inflammation. IgA values correlate with clinical findings. The UgA
      concentration in chronic and acute sinusitis is very different.

PMID- 682782
TI  - [Diagnosis and therapy of the so-called malignant external otitis (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The malignant external otitis is characterized by the following symptoms: Severe
      neuralgic pain in the deep ear region is found in the elderly diabe-the cases
      with a facial palsy due to the infection of the outer ear. In more than 50
      percent of the cases with a facial palsy due to the infection the further course
      was letal (Chandler 1968). A new surgical treatment of the malignant external
      otitis (Naumann 1977) is presented: After the adequate excision of all infected
      tissue and cartilage a perforated polyethylen-tube is placed into the infected
      area along the base of the skull. The combined therapy of a parenteral and local
      administration of antibiotics helps to improve the bad prognosis of the malignant
      external otitis.

PMID- 682783
TI  - [Rare laryngeal neoplasms from the point of view of the otorhinolaryngologist in
      private practice].

PMID- 682784
TI  - [Changes caused by earmoulds in shape of the formation of the external auditory
      meatus (author's transl)].
AB  - The lateral part of the external auditory meatus is widened by hearing aids. This
      was found when comparing angles, diameters and volumes of the  external auditory
      meatus in two groups of children. One group of 56 children had bilateral hearing
      aids, the other group of 48 children of the same age had healthy normal ears and
      did not use hearing aids. The widening process is increased with the length of
      time that a hearing aid is used.

PMID- 682785
TI  - [Directional hearing and understanding of speech in noise uith "normal hearing"
      people (author's transl)].
AB  - Directional hearing and the ability to understand speech against a noisy
      background depend among other factors on the binaural signal processing
      mechanisms in human hearing. In present the practical audiometry can not prove
      completely the operation of binaural signal processing. This fact will be shown
      here with three patients who complain of bad understanding speech, but in
      audiometric tests seem to hear normally. In free field tests of directional
      hearing and understanding speech against a noisy background they differ clearly
      from a reference group of normal hearing people.

PMID- 682786
TI  - [Measurements of hearing sensations in ultrasound range by electrical response
      audiometry (ERA) (author's transl)].
AB  - Hearing sensations induced by ultrasound in the frequency range 20-80 kcps are
      determinable with the Electrical Response Audiometry (ERA). The latency periods
      of the evoked potentials occured is amounted between 100 and 300 msec. It isn't
      founded a difference between ultrasound-induced potentials and the potentials
      evoked by usual tonal stimulies.

PMID- 682787
TI  - [Indication and treatment of frontobasal rhinoliquorrhoea from the ent-surgical
      and neurosurgical point of view (author's transl)].
AB  - This paper deals with some special questions based on joint neuro-rhinosurgical
      diagnostic and treatment of frontobasal injuries with rhinoliquorrhoea. The
      indications of the rhinosurgical transfronto-orbital approach with debridement of
      paranasal sinuses in the same stage are defined. Detailed technical instructions
      are given for treatment of "midline fractures". The transfrontal intradural
      approach of the neurosurgeon should be prefered: 1. If there is rhinoliquorrhoea
      combined with an extensive fracture of anterior skull base. 2. In cases of
      frontobasal liquor fistual--no matter of localisation and extension--with
      increasing spaceoccupation should the intracranial decompression be combined with
      duraplasty. Cerebral lesions with no progressive intracranial pressure should be
      treated first of all conservatively. The operative treatment of paranasal sinuses
      is not necessary in every case after transfrontal intradural surgery. X-ray
      controls have shown the spontaneous healing.

PMID- 682788
TI  - [Computed tomography of cranio-facial injuries (author's transl)].
AB  - For the detection of the finest changes in bone structure--like arrosions,
      porotic alterations, small fracture and fissure lines--computed tomography (CT)
      is yet surpassed by X-ray tomography: The current resolving power of CT is
      smaller, our Delta Scanner's layer thickness of 13mm is too large. Nevertheless,
      the advantages of CT in fronto-basal injuries augment essentially the diagnostic
      possibilities: with few layers and without great problems in setting projections,
      most of the possible injuries may be easily surveyed. The traumatized patient ist
      only minimally discomforted by the whole-body scanner. The lens dose is far less
      than the values of X-ray tomography reaches. Dislocated fracture fragments, brain
      traumatisation with and without hemorrhage, defects of the cribriform plate with
      concimitant brain prolaps, trauma of intraorbital structures, injuries to the
      nasal cavity and paranasal injuries may easily be detected. These findings
      influence importantly the surgical intervention and enable one to set up a
      planning of time and intercollegiate treatment. The postoperative care ist
      improved and inflammatory complications may be pointed out. In diagnosis of
      frontobasal injuries we therefore recommand: 1. X-ray survey and eventually X-ray
      radiograms of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. 2. Computed-tomography
      (CT). 3. For fine detailed study of bone structures like fissures and smalles
      fractures X-ray tomography will still remain indispensable.

PMID- 682789
TI  - [The acoustic trauma in animal experiment: I. Morphological reaction in the
      guinea pig cochlea after traumatisation by shots (a scanning microscopical study)
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Guinea pigs were exposed to shots of a pistol under standardized experimental
      conditions. The organs of Corti were examined by SEM after surviving times of 5
      min, 1, 5 and 10 days. In correlation to the acoustic trauma we found mainly
      three different ways of morphological reaction of sensory cells. After 1--3 shots
      alterations and even losts of stereocilia were observed mainly in the 2nd (and
      1st) coil from base. Only the rows III and II of outer hair cells (OHC) were
      concerned while changes in inner hair cells (IHC) were not observed. 5--10 shots
      regularly caused more severe alterations in the 1st, 2nd (and 3rd) coils of the
      organ of Corti. The three rows of outer hair cells degenerated within 2--5 days,
      while inner hair cells did not show any changes of the surface when the pillar
      cells remained intact. (20) 40 or even 100 shots most often caused a complete
      damage of all sensory--and supporting cells. The cell detritus was abolished
      within 5 days. At this time the damaged organ of Corti was replaced by a flat
      epithelium on the intact basilar membrane.

PMID- 682790
TI  - [Continuous stapedius reflex registration in low and high intensive levels
      (author's transl)].
AB  - To study the whole dynamic range of the stapedius reflex the intensity of the
      soundstimulus with fixed frequency is continuously changed from 70 to 115 dB.
      Thus we get results concerning the real reflex eleciting intensity level. the
      gradient caused by continuous intensity change and a possible limit of
      contraction. To investigate time resolution phenomenons the stimulating signal is
      pulsated in a second trial. We used this method of stapedius reflex registration
      with 48 normal ears and a group of patients with sensorineural hearing loss. The
      results and the diagnostic possibilities of this method are discussed.

PMID- 682791
TI  - [Experimentally produced cholesteatoma (author's transl)].
AB  - Application of various mildly irritant substances to the posterosuperior and
      anteroinferior aspects of the external auditory canal of the rabbit, with intact
      ear drum and middle ear, produced cholesteatomas in the skin of the auditory
      canal, and the tympanic membrane particularly in the pars flaccida. At the
      anteroinferior insertion of the tympanic membrane, however, cholesteatoma growth
      could not be induced in these animal experiments. In severe diffuse otitis
      externa, secondary to the operative closure of the external auditory canal,
      cholesteatomas also preferably develop in the pars flaccida, the relatively
      thick, loose intermediate layer of connective tissue allows a rapid expansion of
      epithelial ridges thus favouring the formation of cholesteatoma in this region.

PMID- 682792
TI  - [New methods in the objective audiometry for the proof of simulation and for the
      determination of the differential thresholds for frequency and intensity
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The "late acoustically evoked potentials" (50 to 300 msec) can be recorded in
      different stages of vigilance and awareness; therefore their significance as a
      correlate of conscious central perception is doubtful. The "very late DC
      potentials" (300 msec and more) reflect conscious central perception because of
      their cognitively determinated features and can be used for the proof of
      simulation. Their application in ERA comprises the determination of the hearing
      threshold, the "objective speech audiometry" and the determination of the
      differential thresholds. The "objective frequency decrement test" gives
      additional informations about the degree and the specifity of a hearing loss. The
      objective proof of the differential threshold for intensity demonstrates the
      insufficient significance of the SISI test.

PMID- 682793
TI  - [Impedance measurements and otosclerosis (author's transl)].
AB  - Impedance measurements (model Madsen ZO 72) were performed on 158 patients with
      otosclerosis and compared with the operative findings. It was found that
      otosclerosis shows in 95% of the cases a symmetrical tympanogram, type A. Its
      amplitude does not differ from the standard values: that means that otosclerosis
      does not correlate with a flattened amplitude of the tympanogram. In addition
      there is no correlation between the intraoperative finding and the ampitude. The
      stapedius reflex could not be elicitated by acoustic stimuli.

PMID- 682794
TI  - [Hearing loss due to mumps (author's transl)].
AB  - Several years post epidemic parotitis 765 children were examined to check
      possible hearing impairment. High peak was the year 1970 with predominant cases
      of parotitis with meningo-encephalitis in November/December. Boys (70.98%) were
      preferable attacked by the disease (age 5--7 years). Audiometric investigations
      were carried out in 359 cases (epidemic 1970) and 101 children (during 1975
      1977), who had continuous control of hearing ability during hospital stay. 23
      (4.9%) of the children showed impaired hearing (full deafness or high-tone
      hearing loss). No definite correlation to severity of parotitis, signs of meningo
      encephalitis, location of infected glandula or length of sickness could be
      detected.

PMID- 682795
TI  - [Origin of malignant tumors of the upper respiratory and digestive tracts and the
      ear (from a clinicians-point of view). 2. Pathogenesis of metastases (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Growth and development of metastases depends on 1. Tumor cells themselves, 2.
      Manipulations on the primary tumor, 3. Lymphatic vessels in the surrounding area
      of the primary tumor, 4. Blood composition. 5. Extent of tissue resistence
      through which tumor cells pass. 6. Certain circulatory conditions of the blood.
      Tumor cells are distinguished from normal cells often by reduced
      (Verbrauchskoagulopathie, tendency to bleed). An increase in bloodclotting
      supports the development of haematogenic metastases and the tumor growth.
      Malignant tumors of the kidney and the intestines may develop micrometastases of
      the lungs which, for years, as dormant cells, remain undiscovered. Then after 12-
      14 years metastases (further satelites) are seen e.g. in the ENT-field. In the
      spreading of tumor cells the flow parameters of lymph and blood play a very
      important role.

PMID- 682796
TI  - [Pituitary hormone secretion induced by optokinetic stimulation (author's
      transl)].
AB  - A slight optokinetic stimulation induces a significant increase of serum levels
      of antidiuretic hormone 1,1 +/- 0.8 pg/ml (mean +/- SD) to 3,3 +/- 1,9 pg/ml
      (mean +/- SD). Serum levels of gGH and cortisol remain unchanged, whereas serum
      prolactin levels decrease slightly. The ADH secretion seems to be the most
      sensitive hormonal parameter of the stimulation of the vestibular nuclei induced
      either by the optokinetic stimulation or by the Coriolis effect.

PMID- 682797
TI  - Tragal perichondrium and cartilage in reconstructive ear surgery.
AB  - Two hundred and fifty-five ear operations using tragal perichondrium and
      cartilage for reconstruction are presented. Of these, 108 were myringoplasties,
      137 were tympanoplasties with ossicular reconstruction performed by nine
      different methods, and 10 were tympanoplasties with reconstruction of posterior
      canal wall defects left by radical mastoid surgery. The method presented in this
      study of using the tragal perichondrial graft is well suited for myringoplasty
      and can be used where the drum remnant is very small or the anulus is missing.
      The natural angle of the tragal perichondrium can take the place of the missing
      anulus anteriorly, inferiorly or posteriorly. Myringoplasty graft survival at one
      year follow-up was 92%, and 76% had hearing within 10 db of bone conduction. In
      tympanoplasty, the tragal perichondrium was used en bloc with its cartilage for
      reconstruction of the ossicular chain where suited. The malleus was used to
      reconstruct the ossicular chain in different variations. Other methods used are
      fully described. At one year follow-up the rate of grafting success for
      tympanoplasties was 91%, and 78% had hearing within 10 db of bone conduction. A
      method for reconstruction of the posterior canal wall and tympanoplasty after
      radical mastoidectomy is presented. It uses tragal cartilage and perichondrium en
      bloc. At one year follow-up, eight of ten cases operated on by this method had an
      intact drum and posterior canal wall, one had an intact drum but the posterior
      canal collapsed into the mastoid, and one had an intact canal wall but the
      eardrum re-perforated. Nine had postoperative hearing within 10 db of bone
      conduction. A randomly selected group of 100 tympanoplasties was examined for
      postoperative gain in hearing according to the speech reception threshold, a more
      practical criterion of surgical success than 10 db air-bone gap. Although the
      total number showing improvement was similar to the number gaining hearing within
      10 db of pure tone bone conduction (76% vs. 78%), when changes of 5 db were
      discounted, only 56% were improved (and 33% had a significant gain in hearing).

PMID- 682799
TI  - Meibomian gland adenocarcinoma of the eyelid with neck metastasis.
AB  - Meibomian sebaceous gland adenocarcinoma of the eyelid is a rare lethal neoplasm.
      It accounts for less than 1% of all eyelid tumors. There are approximately 200
      cases described in the literature. The incidence of regional metastases is 17
      28%. Once metastases are present, only half of the patients survive five years.
      Presented are two cases with neck node metastases. In one of the patients the
      primary lesion was initially treated with radiation therapy with an unsuccessful
      result. Subsequently full thickness, wide excision of the lower lid was required
      to control the primary. Eyelid oculoplastic reconstruction was performed using a
      masolabial rotation skin flap lined with nasal septal composite graft (cartilage
      and mucosa). Orbital exenteration was necessary to control the primary tumor in
      the other patients. The regional metastases in both patients were treated with
      parotidectomy with preservation of the facial nerve, radical neck dissection and
      postoperative radiation therapy. One of the patients with poorly differentiated
      adenocarcinoma died due to brain metastasis. I feel that combined treatment of
      radical surgery to the primary site, parotidectomy, radical neck dissection and
      planned postoperative radiation therapy may improve the five-year survival of
      patients with regional node metastases.

PMID- 682798
TI  - Transoral laryngeal surgery using the CO2 laser: laboratory experiments and
      clinical experience.

PMID- 682800
TI  - Pneumatic otoscopy and impedance studies in middle ear diagnosis.
AB  - The direct inspection of the tympanic membrane and its movement with Siegle
      pneumatic otoscopy through the binocular microscope and the electroacoustic
      measurements of impedance at the tympanic membrane give valuable information in
      the diagnosis of tympanic membrane and middle ear disorders. Problems such as
      otosclerosis and tympanosclerosis with ossicular chain fixation, ossicular
      discontinuities, ossicular chain prosthesis defects and perilymph fistulas, and
      the problems of middle ear fluid can be identified and differentiated. Frequently
      a precise diagnosis can be determined prior to surgical exploration. The use of
      these instruments enables the otologist to anticipate surgical findings and plan
      a specific procedure, thereby avoiding operative surprises. The routine use of
      the pneumatic otoscope and an electroacoustic impedance bridge is recommended in
      every case of suspected tympanic membrane or middle ear disorder, particularly
      where an operation is being considered. The combined information obtained through
      use of the two diagnostic techniques is almost always greater than that obtained
      by either instrument alone. Pressure recordings were made in a series of
      examinations with the pneumatic otoscope using the ear microscope. These
      pressures, both positive and negative, are acceptable and well within the range
      utilized by clinical electroacoustic impedance bridges. Contraindications to the
      use of pneumatic otoscopy and the electroacoustic impedance bridge are discussed.

PMID- 682801
TI  - The osteotomy in rhinoplasty.
AB  - The purpose is to assist the surgeon in the selection of modifications for nasal
      osteotomies. Details of the technique include: 1. Incision for osteotomy made
      perpendicular to the pyriform rim and modified incisions, intraoral or through
      the Weir incision. 2. Rasping of the lateral nasal vault prior to any
      osteotomies. 3. Removal of a modified beveled wedge of bone prior to the medial
      osteotomy, unroofing the bony dorsum to a higher level. 4. The medial osteotomy
      done prior to either the lateral or the intermediate osteotomy. The intermediate
      osteotomy is performed prior to the lateral. 5. "Complete" and "fading" medial
      osteotomies are utilized as indicated. 6. The lateral osteotomy may be relatively
      straight and low depending then on a transverse fracture or may be high and
      curved meeting the fading medial osteotomy. 7. A sub-periosteal tunnel with the
      osteotome guard external to the bone is preferred to a submucosal tunnel.

PMID- 682802
TI  - Round window ultrasonic irradiation for Meniere's disease with ENG monitoring.
AB  - Utrasonic irradiation of the labyrinth via the round window is effective in
      controlling otological vertigo. This method of surgical management for
      incapacitating vertigo is presented with demonstrative intraoperative
      electronystagmograms and irradiated cat neuro-epithelium. Such data suggest that
      more intense irradiation doses than previously reported should be applied to
      effectively destroy the diseased labyrinthine end organs. Precise end points of
      destructive irradiation are defined by characteristic intraoperative
      electronystagmograms. The authors suggest this is an ideal procedure when the
      situation of an unaffected cochlea, coexisting with a diseased labyrinth,
      requires a minimally invasive, destructive procedure which preserves hearing
      while eradicating vertigo.

PMID- 682803
TI  - Laryngotracheoplasty for acquired subglottic stenosis in infants and children:
      experience with six cases.
AB  - Six children aged 6-50 months with acquired subglottic stenosis persisting after
      medical and endoscopic treatment underwent 7 open resections of the stenotic
      tissue followed by internal stenting. Five were successfully decannulated after
      an average treatment time of 6.8 months; the sixth died after accidental
      extubation. All 5 have satisfactory vocal and respiratory function 11 to 36
      months postoperatively (6-18 months postextubation). Transcartilaginous open
      resection of subglottic stenosis is a feasible treatment option which can be
      used, even in the infant, when expectant observation is not advisable.

PMID- 682804
TI  - Management of tinnitus aurium with lidocaine and carbamazepine.
AB  - At present there are two methods of management of tinnitus: one old, by masking
      with a noise generator, and one new, by biofeedback. Neither of these methods is
      convenient and neither gets at the heart of the problem. A third method, using
      intravenous lidocaine as a test and oral carbamazepine therapy, was developed in
      the Pain Clinic of the Auckland General Hospital in New Zealand. This paper will
      report our brief experience with these drugs in the management of tinnitus and
      other similar disorders. Twenty-seven patients with intractable tinnitus had a
      significant reduction from a test dose of intravenous lidocaine and were treated
      with oral carbamazepine. Of this group 1 patient (4%) had complete relief, 21
      patients (78%) had partial relief, and 5 patients (18%) had no relief.
      Complications were few and not serious, and either disappeared spontaneously or
      when the carbamazepine was stopped. One patient with palatal myoclonus,
      refractory to all other forms of treatment, had complete relief on a small dose
      of carbamazepine. It may be that palatal myoclonus, hemifacial spasm, and other
      such clonic convulsive disorders will be amenable to the same treatment.

PMID- 682805
TI  - Computerized tomography or paranasal sinus neoplasms.
AB  - Computerized tomography represents a new and valuable diagnostic tool to the
      otolaryngologist and head and neck surgeon in several ever-increasing aspects of
      his clinical practice. This report presents CT scans utilizing the E.M.I 5005
      body scanner on patients with neoplasms of the paranasal sinuses presenting to
      the Head and Neck Service of The University of Texas System Center M. D. Anderson
      Hospital and Tumor Institute. Only patients undergoing surgical resection of such
      lesions are included so that actual operative and surgical pathological findings
      can be used for critical comparison of diagnostic information derived from
      polytomography and computerized tomography. Seven illustrative cases are
      presented. In general, computerized tomography has been found to be equal to
      polytomography in assessing bone destruction or involvement by tumor, and
      superior to polytomography in determining accurately the soft tissue extent of
      disease. CT scanning, however, has been found to have limitations in the
      delineation of soft tissue disease in areas of high contrast in tissue density,
      and in the evaluation of possible intracranial tumor extension in isodense,
      avascular lesions.

PMID- 682806
TI  - Meniere's disease in children.
AB  - Approximately 3% of all patients with Meniere's disease are in the pediatric age
      group. These children require extensive evaluation. A history of physical or
      acoustic trauma should be sought and an allergic work-up should be obtained. A
      search for metabolic disturbances and identification of inflammatory disorders is
      also necessary. If a treatable etiology is identified, specific therapy should be
      directed toward its control. If, after careful evaluation, the etiology remains
      obscure, non-specific therapy should be instituted in an effort to alleviate the
      symptomatology of Meniere's disease. Surgical decompression of the endolymphatic
      sac and drainage into the mastoid cavity results in relieving the symptoms,
      particularly vertigo, and appears to be efficacious in patients who have failed
      diligent attempts at medical therapy.

PMID- 682807
TI  - Maximum compliance and Meniere's disease.

PMID- 682808
TI  - Total deafness with chronic propoxyphene abuse.

PMID- 682809
TI  - Cervical congenital arteriovenous malformation.

PMID- 682811
TI  - FDA hearing regulations.

PMID- 682810
TI  - Horizontal glottectomy.
AB  - Horizontal glottectomy is a procedure which allows removal of the whole glottis,
      together with its cartilaginous framework. It is performed by means of two
      horizontal incisions, the lower through the cricothyroid membrane, and the upper
      one across the wings of the thyroid. The gap is then closed by approximating the
      cricoid to the thyroid remnants (cricothyropexy). The indications for horizontal
      glottectomy are: 1) "double" cancers (i.e. two independent tumors, one on each
      vocal cord). 2) Hyperkeratosis of the glottis associated with carcinoma in situ.
      3) Verrucous cancers of the glottis. 4) Cancers of one vocal cord invading the
      opposite one via the anterior commissure. In a period of 4 years, 16 patients
      have been operated on with good early results.

PMID- 682812
TI  - Conservative tympanomastoidectomy.

PMID- 682813
TI  - An extra preauricular incision for the face lift operation.

PMID- 682814
TI  - [Functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract (author's transl)].
AB  - Functional disroders are the most important cause for complaints in the
      gastrointestinal tract. Dysfunction may concern one or more physiologic
      properties like tonus, motility, secretion, sometimes also resorption and
      digestion, or their interaction. Functional disorders of the esophagus
      (esophagospasm and achalasia) become manifest as dysphagia. Halitosis, bad taste,
      burning tongue, and flatulent abdomen are frequent symptoms of functional
      disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Irritable bowel syndrome is probably the
      functional disorder most freqently found in the gastrointestinal tract.
      Characteristic symptoms are pain in the lower and upper middle abdominal region,
      obstipation and/or diarrhea, flatulent abdomen, mucous discharge with the stools
      and urgent defecation with cramps relieved after discharge. Prognosis quoad vitam
      is good, the course, however, is subject to many changes. Therapie is
      symptomatic. Diagnostic and psychotherapeutic measures are intended to help
      remove carcinophobia and to overcome conflicts and fears.

PMID- 682815
TI  - [Gastric xanthelasma (author's transl)].
AB  - A report is given about 42 cases with xanthelasma of the gastric mucosa diagnosed
      with 5 1/2 years. The condition was found (considering the total number of
      gastroscopies) in men 1.38 times as often as in women; the average age of all
      patients at the time of diagnosis was 62.5 years. Xanthelasma lesions are yellow
      or yellowish-white spots in the mucosa, consisting of foam-cells microscopically.
      The cytoplasma stains pale pink in a HE preparation; there is almost no staining
      with PAS, and sudan black staining is definitely positive in most cases. PAS and
      sudan black staining do allow differentiation of signet ring carcinoma cells.
      Gastric xanthelasma occurs quite often concurrently with chronic gastritis. It is
      due to local, not to general disturbances of lipid metabolism. Lipids probably
      are formed within the mucosa cells or may--in cases of intestinal metaplasia-
      originate from the gastric contents. Gastric xanthelasma does not constitute a
      nosologic entity, it is merely a consequence of other diseases of the gastric
      mucosa.

PMID- 682816
TI  - [Infarction of the small intestine in secondary amyloidosis with nephrosis
      (author's transl)].
AB  - A case report is given of a 65 year old patient suffering from chronic
      tuberculosis of the lungs, nephrosis and secondary amyloidosis, who had
      infarction of a jejunal segment. Narrowing of the small arteries in the jejunal
      submucosa and in the adjacent mesenterial structures was demonstrated post mortem
      and was thought to be the cause of the lethal event along with hypovolemia due to
      nephrosis.

PMID- 682817
TI  - [Crohn's disease--Indication for surgery (author's transl)].
AB  - 60 to 90% of patients with Crohn's disease have to undergo surgery due to
      complications; one half of these patients do suffer a relapse. Comments are given
      as to the rate of recurrence and the factors which may influence it (age,
      localisation and duration of the disease, timing and technique to surgery). The
      absolute and relative indications for surgery as well as preoperative preparation
      are discussed in detail. Optimal therapy of Crohn's disease is only possible in
      close cooperation between gastroenterologist and surgeon.

PMID- 682818
TI  - [Clinic and therapy of anal fissure (author's transl)].
AB  - A distinction has to be made between primary and secondary anal fissure. If a
      secondary fissure is present, the underlying disease has to be treated in the
      first place. Surgery is the therapy of choice of chronic primary fissure; digital
      dilatation and sphincterotomy are used in most of these cases. Both methods were
      applied in a controlled, randomized study; results indicate that subcutaneous
      lateral sphincterotomy is to be preferred, since rates of postoperative
      incontinenece and of relapses are lower.

PMID- 682819
TI  - [Lymphoplasmocytoid immunocytoma of the rectum (author's transl)].
AB  - A case report is given of a patient with a lymphatic tumor of the rectum, which
      was diagnosed by rectoscopy and which was classified histologically as a
      lymphoplasmocytoid immunocytoma according to the new Kiel nomenclature of Non
      Hodgkin-lymphomas. Clinical symptomatology does not differ from symptoms of other
      tumors of the colon; endoscopy, cytology and histology are important for
      diagnosis, since the therapy of choice may be radiotherapy or cytostatic therapy
      depending upon stage and extent of the tumor.

PMID- 682820
TI  - [Perforation of a gall stone causing incomplete duodenal stenosis (author's
      transl)].
AB  - A case report is given of a 78 year old woman, who showed clinical symptoms of
      incomplete duodenal stenosis after perforation of a gall stone into the duodenum.
      The diagnosis was established by X-ray examination and endoscopy. The biliary
      stone measuring approx. 3 cm in diameter was stuck in the pyloric channel and was
      removed surgically. Incidence, sex and age distribution and complications of
      cholelithiasis are shortly discussed.

PMID- 682821
TI  - [Importance of mould allergens in chronic recurrent gastrointestinal diseases
      (author's transl)].
AB  - This report deals with allergological, diagnostic and therapeutic methods in
      gastrointestinal allergic diseases with special consideration of mould allergens.
      Possibilities of using these methods in Crohn's disease and in ulcerative colitis
      are being discussed.

PMID- 682822
TI  - Saikewicz-ophobia: is it justified?

PMID- 682823
TI  - The federal physician.

PMID- 682824
TI  - If your patient is hopelessly ill, must you go to court?

PMID- 682826
TI  - Patent problems.

PMID- 682825
TI  - Why not permanent hospitalization?

PMID- 682827
TI  - Buying a practice: price v. assets.

PMID- 682828
TI  - [Certain problems of mental health protection in Croatia (author's transl)].

PMID- 682829
TI  - [Chronic nonspecific pulmonary disease in Croatia (author's transl)].

PMID- 682830
TI  - [A survey of surgical treatment of echinococcus at the medical centre in Sibenik
      within the period 1951--1977 (author's transl)].

PMID- 682831
TI  - [Combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy in the treatment of carcinoma of
      the mammary gland in mice (author's transl)].

PMID- 682832
TI  - [Is subacute thyroiditis (de Quervain's thyroiditis) an infectious disease or an
      immunologic disorder? (author's transl)].

PMID- 682833
TI  - [Neurological aspect of a carotid-jugular traumatic fistula (author's transl)].

PMID- 682834
TI  - [An infant patient with lipid storage disease (author's transl)].

PMID- 682835
TI  - [Incapsulated pyogenic abscess of the kidney in a ten-year-old girl (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 682836
TI  - [A patient with unclear febrile state caused by visceral leishmaniasis (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 682837
TI  - [Atypical localization of a perforating appendix causing a diagnostic confusion
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 682838
TI  - [The role of diagnostic ultrasound in urology (author's transl)].

PMID- 682839
TI  - [Examinations to detect diseases of urinary organs performed in outpatient
      clinics (author's transl)].

PMID- 682841
TI  - [Diseases and their nomenclature. (De aegrotationibus eorumque nominibus)].

PMID- 682840
TI  - [A rational approach to the diagnosis of urinary organ infections (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 682842
TI  - [Notes on medical terminology (5)].

PMID- 682843
TI  - [Concerning temporary work disability (author's transl)].

PMID- 682844
TI  - [Modern therapy of primary breast cancer].

PMID- 682845
TI  - [Broncho-relaxing activity of Terbutaline, an aerosol of beta 2 sympathomimetic
      agent. A study based on 237 cases].

PMID- 682846
TI  - [Pediatric use of Ultralanil].

PMID- 682847
TI  - [Comparative study of 2 drugs used in the treatment of cerebral vascular
      insufficiency: I-Eburnamonine and Vincamine].

PMID- 682848
TI  - [Advantages of delayed-action Pervincamine Forte in the prevention of altitude
      sickness].

PMID- 682849
TI  - [Study of Sintrom in cardiology].

PMID- 682850
TI  - [Floctafenin in stomatology].

PMID- 682851
TI  - [Thallium 201 uptake in malignant melanoma: Preliminary study].

PMID- 682852
TI  - [Myeloradiculopathy caused by cervicarthrosis. Clinical and therapeutic study of
      560 patients operated on].

PMID- 682853
TI  - [Preleukemic state (12 cases)].

PMID- 682854
TI  - [Course of a case of organic hypoglycemia due to hyperinsulinism treated by
      diazoxide for 7 years].

PMID- 682855
TI  - [Fanconi syndrome in the adult. Its association with multiple myeloma (apropos of
      a case)].

PMID- 682856
TI  - [Amyotrophy of the extensive Charcot-Marie-Tooth type and familial acrocephalo
      polysyndactylia of the Noack type (apropos of a case)].

PMID- 682857
TI  - [Solitary ulcer of the rectum].

PMID- 682858
TI  - [Modern curietherapy in gynecology. Experiences of the Oscar Lambret Center].

PMID- 682859
TI  - [Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography].

PMID- 682860
TI  - Prostaglandin-norepinephrine interaction in guinea pig longitudinal muscle.

PMID- 682861
TI  - Plasma concentrations of choline in man following choline chloride.

PMID- 682862
TI  - Role of glycolysis in the relaxation process in mammalian cardiac muscle:
      comparison of the influence of glucose and 2-deoxyglucose on maintenance of
      resting tension.

PMID- 682863
TI  - The stimulation of 6-hydroxydopamine autoxidation by bivalent copper: potential
      importance in the neurotoxic process.

PMID- 682864
TI  - Plasma catecholamines in fetal and neonatal rats.

PMID- 682865
TI  - Mental retardation and elevated serotonin levels in adults.

PMID- 682866
TI  - Lack of antiemetic effects of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol in apomorphine-induced
      emesis in the dog.

PMID- 682867
TI  - Biochemical reactivity of aortic connective tissue in chickens treated with
      cholesterol diet in combination with a nonspecific immunization or with
      epinephrine and thyroxine.

PMID- 682868
TI  - The immobility reflex: effect of naloxone.

PMID- 682869
TI  - Soluble cholinesterase of muscle from dystrophic and normal mice.

PMID- 682870
TI  - The effect of a decrease in blood pressure, associated with extracorporeal blood
      pumping on myocardial metabolism in the isolated dog heart preparation.

PMID- 682871
TI  - The absence of isotopic effect during the elimination of deuterium labelled
      carbamazepine in the rat.

PMID- 682872
TI  - Heptapeptide analogues induce greater blockade of renal than femoral vascular
      responses to angiotensin.

PMID- 682873
TI  - Maturation of mammalian myocardial muscarinic cholinergic receptors.

PMID- 682874
TI  - Nitrogen sparing effect of a branched-chain amino acid infusion during an acute
      fast in guinea pigs.

PMID- 682876
TI  - 6-hydroxydopa depletes both brain epinephrine and norepinephrine: interactions
      with antidepressants.

PMID- 682875
TI  - Decreased phosphorylation of specific proteins in neostriatal membranes from rats
      after long-term narcotic exposure.

PMID- 682877
TI  - Failure vasopressin and oxytocin to antagonize acute morphine antinociception or
      facilitate narcotic tolerance development.

PMID- 682878
TI  - Forebrain noradrenaline and Metrazol-induced seizures.

PMID- 682879
TI  - [Radioisotope diagnosis of pneumonia using labelled microspheres of human serum
      albumin (an experimental study)].

PMID- 682880
TI  - [Radiocirculography in the diagnosis of aortic diseases].

PMID- 682881
TI  - [Clinical aspects and treatment of radiation fibrosis with disordered regional
      blood and lymph circulation of the extremities and secondary neuritis].

PMID- 682882
TI  - [Serum enzymatic activity during the irradiation of intrathoracic tumors].

PMID- 682883
TI  - [Action of 90Sr+90Y beta irradiation on the lens].

PMID- 682884
TI  - [Action of gamma rays and fast neutrons on monolayer human bone marrow cultures].

PMID- 682885
TI  - [133Xe behavior patterns in the air of industrial premises].

PMID- 682886
TI  - [Method of teaching radioisotope diagnosis in the medical institute].

PMID- 682887
TI  - [Determination of the optimal irradiation conditions by the method of serial
      input of restrictions].

PMID- 682888
TI  - [Possibility of using silicon semiconductors for beta particle registration in an
      X-ray radiation field].

PMID- 682889
TI  - [Training in radioisotope diagnosis during clinical residency].

PMID- 682890
TI  - Doing the differential. Rheumatoid arthritis vs osteoarthritis.

PMID- 682891
TI  - How does alcohol affect the heart?

PMID- 682892
TI  - How adriamycin affects the heart.

PMID- 682893
TI  - Trichomoniasis--eight reasons why you should take it seriously.

PMID- 682894
TI  - Grand rounds from the University of Colorado: lactic acidosis--the common
      complication of many illnesses.

PMID- 682895
TI  - How we manage acute asthma.

PMID- 682896
TI  - [Prostatic carcinoma. Therapeutic concept].

PMID- 682897
TI  - [Preventive testing and rational diagnosis of prostatic neoplasms].

PMID- 682898
TI  - [Therapeutic concept in prostatic adenoma].

PMID- 682899
TI  - [Prostatic carcinoma--total prostatectomy].

PMID- 682900
TI  - [Diffusion of cefacetril into the prostatic tissue].

PMID- 682901
TI  - [Therapy using psychopharmaceuticals (I)].

PMID- 682902
TI  - [Clinical chemistry findings].

PMID- 682903
TI  - [Glucose tolerance and insulin secretion in patients with chronic liver
      diseases].

PMID- 682904
TI  - [Occlusion of the abdominal aorta. Case report].

PMID- 682905
TI  - [In-vitro resistance testing of human ovarian carcinomas--short-term test for the
      demonstration of proliferation-kinetic and biochemical resistances].

PMID- 682907
TI  - [The rehabilitation counselor].

PMID- 682906
TI  - [Marsh's erythrocyturia--an unusual form of hematuria].

PMID- 682909
TI  - [Economic aspects of innovatory developments in the future].

PMID- 682908
TI  - [Skin reactions following electrocoagulation of the gasserian ganglion].

PMID- 682910
TI  - [Epidemiology of child behavior disorders].

PMID- 682911
TI  - [Significance of minimal brain dysfunction for the development of learning and
      behavior disorders in childhood].

PMID- 682912
TI  - [Possibilities in the management of pubertal emaciation in practice].

PMID- 682913
TI  - [Therapeutic possibilities in child behavior disorders].

PMID- 682914
TI  - [Crises in puberty and suicide].

PMID- 682915
TI  - [Pacemaker therapy today].

PMID- 682916
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of Cefradin Part 2].

PMID- 682917
TI  - [Piracetam in the modern pharmacotherapy of the Parkinson syndrome].

PMID- 682918
TI  - [Social psychology and medical sociology].

PMID- 682919
TI  - [The importance of air embolism as a primary and secondary cause of death].

PMID- 682920
TI  - [The importance of surgical fracture fixation for primary or secondary fracture
      healing].

PMID- 682921
TI  - [Revisions in various types of total endoprosteses of the hip].

PMID- 682922
TI  - [Studies on the formation and therapy of burn edema].

PMID- 682923
TI  - [Serial influenza vaccination with a new subunit vaccine. Tolerance and
      effectiveness].

PMID- 682924
TI  - [Hepatotoxic side effects of rifampicin].

PMID- 682925
TI  - [Basic text: The acute organic psychosyndrome].

PMID- 682926
TI  - [Effective treatment of several types of fibromatosis with progesterone. Fibrous
      mediastinitis, desmoid tumors, paraneoplastic fibrosis].

PMID- 682927
TI  - [Viral bronchopneumonia].

PMID- 682928
TI  - [Estimation of the number of functioning motor units within the soleus muscle in
      human muscular dystrophies].

PMID- 682930
TI  - [Electron microscopy detection of mycoplasmas contaminating cell cultures].

PMID- 682929
TI  - [Sodium ampicillin versus ampicillin guaiacosulphonate].

PMID- 682931
TI  - [Burkitt-type undifferentiated malignant lymphoma. Presentation of 6 cases].

PMID- 682932
TI  - [Activation of chemical carcinogens by liver autologous microsomes in bronchial
      organotypic cultures].

PMID- 682933
TI  - [Bilirubin uptake by erythrocytes of adult and newborn rats].

PMID- 682934
TI  - [Clinico-histological correlates in idiopathic cortico-resistant nephrotic
      syndrome in childhood].

PMID- 682935
TI  - [Obstruction of the terminal aorta and nephrotic syndrome in a 45 year-old
      woman].

PMID- 682936
TI  - [Role of chemical carcinogens in enviromental contamination].

PMID- 682938
TI  - [Hypertension and pregnancy].

PMID- 682937
TI  - [Retrospective vision looking ahead].

PMID- 682939
TI  - [Progesterone and retroperitoneal fibrosis].

PMID- 682941
TI  - [Immunosuppression in primary glomerulonephritis. Reality or fantasy?].

PMID- 682940
TI  - [Fibromatosis, relaxin and progesterone].

PMID- 682942
TI  - Renal involvement in systemic lupud erythematosus (SLE): a study of 56 patients
      emphasizing histologic classification.

PMID- 682943
TI  - Myasthenia gravis in patients with thymoma, with particular reference to onset
      after thymectomy.

PMID- 682944
TI  - Family studies in HLA-B27 associated arthritis.

PMID- 682945
TI  - [Energy expenditure on basic work-posts in metallurgy].
AB  - The paper presents results of measurements of the whole energetic cost on the
      work-posts recognized by the management as basic. Altogether 121 determinations
      of energetic cost were performed on 18 different work-posts in two basic
      divisions of the steelworks. The results revealed that despite a considerable
      technical progress there is a significant number of work-posts, on which
      energetic cost exceeds 2600 kcal/8 hr. On these work-posts apart from the great
      energetic load, other loads, connected with material work environment on
      character of work, occur. This means that additional factors frequently increase
      their harmful effects on organism. The magnitude of energetic expenditure on a
      given work-post establishes the hierarchy of modernizational requirements for the
      plant's technical services.

PMID- 682946
TI  - [Biological effects of electromagnetic fields below 300 MHz (pregnancy, litter
      size and gonadotropic activity of the anterior pituitary gland)].

PMID- 682947
TI  - [Evaluation of air dust concentration in a plant producing keramsite. Coniogenic
      properties of keramsite].

PMID- 682948
TI  - [Retention of radioactive aerosols (products of radon-222 decay) by various types
      of anti-dust masks].
AB  - The paper presents results of measurements of the efficiency of retention of
      radon decay products, occurring as radioactive aerosols, by anti-dust masks. The
      efficiency of three types of masks: PM-1, PM-3, PP-2 "Delta" was studied under
      various conditions of equilibrium between radon and products of its decay in the
      air. It was concluded that the efficiency of retention of radon decay products,
      occurring as radioactive aerosols, by the mentioned types of masks, comes to 75-
      87%. Anti-dust PM-1 (F-14 filter) and PM-3 (F-13 filter) masks are recommended as
      most efficient.

PMID- 682949
TI  - [Accidental contamination with cesium-137].
AB  - The paper describes an accidental 137Cs internal and external contamination of a
      woman 28 years old by handling of two unsealed 137Cs sources of 2.5 Ci total
      activity. The only abnormality found by laboratory tests was leukopenia. The
      chromosomes of blood lymphocytes were also investigated. 137Cs content in urine
      between the 8th and 40th day after accident ranged from 34, 53 to 12.01 nCi/day.
      The mean feces: urine ratio was 0.25 +/- 0.06. The increase of 137Cs excretion in
      urine, after administration of diurectic "Lasix" and potassium was not observed.
      Mean biological half-life calculated from regression curve was 64 days. Body
      content found by whole body counting, performed on the 8th and 15th day after
      accident, was 6.5 muCi and 5.1 muCi respectively. The initial 137Cs body burden
      of 6.9 muCi was calculated for the value 5.1 muCi. The corresponding total
      radiation dose was 0.26 rads and quarterly dose was 0.16 rads.

PMID- 682950
TI  - [Activity of acid phosphatase in saliva of industrial workers exposed to fluorine
      compounds].
AB  - Assuming that fluorine is a strong inhibitor of phosphatases, the activity of
      acid phosphatase in the saliva of 42 phosphorus fertilizers plant workers was
      studied. The workers were chronically exposed to fluorine compounds. Saliva had
      been collected for studies before the workers entered the productive plant and
      after the 1st and 2nd working hour. Enzyme activity was determined by Bessey and
      Lowry's method and was related to both the volume of the saliva and total protein
      level. The studies revealed a significant decrease in the activity of acid
      phosphatase after the 1st and 2nd working hour in those working in the division
      with a higher exposure to fluorine compounds. The results of these studies were
      confirmed by in vitro studies carried out additionally. Taking into account
      biological activity of acid phosphatase it seems that the observed phenomenon of
      inhibiting enzymatic activity may be connected with the frequency of
      parodontopathy in the studied group of workers. The results of these studies may
      be used for working out a biological test of workers' exposure.

PMID- 682951
TI  - [Examination of the respiratory tract in workers occupationally exposed to
      beryllium].
AB  - Owing to the fact that in our home literature there are no data concerning
      evaluation of respiratory tract status in persons occupationally exposed to
      beryllium, a population of one plant, exposed to beryllium in concentrations less
      than the MAC was subject to x-ray of chest, extended functional tests of lungs
      and examinations of blood gases. In the group under study, one found in 13%
      deviation in lungs' x-ray with limited intraparenchymatous changes, and in 46% a
      decrease in lungs' ventilating reservers of a small degree. Association of
      radiological changes with imperfection of lungs' ventilating reserve of
      restrictive type was found in one man who was removed from the work in exposure
      to beryllium, as a person with an increased risk of falling ill.

PMID- 682952
TI  - [Health conditions of a group of factory arc welders].
AB  - 73 welders were examined, who weld in an assembly room of a machine factory,
      mainly by an electric arc. In anamneses 60% of persons under examination notified
      of coughing, expectorating, dyspnoea during work, and frequent acute rhinitis.
      Clinical symptoms of respiratory tract disease, resulting from welding, were
      found in 10% of welders. Simple bronchitis, resistant bronchitis with pulmonary
      emphysema, pleural adhesions were diagnosed. In one case fibronodular
      tuberculosis was found (1%). In 8% of workers, aged 40--50, a dynamic arterial
      hypertension and radiological symptoms of aortosclerosis were found. 5% welders
      had granulocytopenia. Disturbances of the examined systems occurred in factory
      welders with duration of employment above 10 years.

PMID- 682953
TI  - [Activity of lysosomal acid phosphatase in leukocytes of rats chronically
      intoxicated with benzene vapors].
AB  - In rats chronically exposed to benzene vapours of 1200 mg/m3 concentration, 6 hr
      daily, 6 days a week, during 12 weeks, acid phosphatase activity (AcP) was
      evaluated in neutrophils and lymphocytes of peripheral blood. One found an
      increase in AcP activity in neutrophils, correlating with duration of exposure,
      lymphocytopenia, correlating with duration of exposure, and increase in AcP-
      positive lymphocytes percentage, mainly with cytoplasmic and lysosomocytoplasmic
      localization of enzyme. Besides distant effects of chronic benzene intoxication
      were evaluated, 5 months after the exposure had been intermitted. Normal AcP
      activity in neutrophils, lymphocytopenia, and increase in AcP--positive
      lymphocytes percentage were found with cytoplasmic and lysosomo-cytoplasmic
      localization of enzyme. The authors suggest a possibility of using the changes
      observed in lymphocytes, on a subcellular level, to evaluate distant effects of
      occupational exposure to benzene.

PMID- 682954
TI  - [Thymol test, concentration of total protein and bilirubin and activity of
      various serum enzymes in a population exposed to diphenylformamide].
AB  - 445 workers occupationally exposed to subtoxic diphenylformamide concentration
      were examined. No significant differences were found in results of thymol test,
      concentration of total protein, bilirubin, and activity of basic phosphatase in
      blood serum, compared with the control group. A higher activity of asparagine-
      and--alanine aminotransferas and gamma--glutamylotranspeptidase was found; it
      was, however, statistically insignificant.

PMID- 682955
TI  - [Nervous system diseases in workers of a large metallurgical plant. II. Impact of
      occupational factors].
AB  - Correlation between some factors connected with work performance in a big
      metallurgical plant, employing approximately 16000 persons, and the occurrence of
      nervous system diseases was analysed. It was found that among the most frequent
      diseases of nervous system cured in neurological dispensary of a big
      metallurgical plant are: ischias, epilepsy, syndrome of subjective ailments
      following a past cranio-cerebral trauma and vasomotor headaches. The studies
      performed did not reveal any clear correlation between the character and
      arduousness of work and the type of nervous system diseases occurring most
      frequently in a big industrial (metallurgical) plant. The prevalence of ischias
      is not significantly dependent on occupational factors. The possibility of
      continuation of work or necessity to stop working in result of a nervous system
      disease depend on the type of the disease.

PMID- 682956
TI  - Rate and structure in memory for auditory patterns.

PMID- 682957
TI  - Memory psychophysics for visual area and length.

PMID- 682958
TI  - State trends in additions - state and county mental hospital inpatient services
      1971--1975.

PMID- 682959
TI  - A clarification of sensory integrative therapy and its application to programming
      with retarded people.

PMID- 682960
TI  - Positive motivation: a method for promoting oral health among mentally retarded
      people.

PMID- 682961
TI  - Imitation training with a 4-year old retarded person: the relative efficiency of
      time-out and extinction in conjunction with positive reinforcement.

PMID- 682962
TI  - The elimination of chronic clothes ripping in retarded people through a
      combination of procedures.

PMID- 682963
TI  - On the selective use of punishment--suggested guidelines for administrators.

PMID- 682964
TI  - Voter participation of retarded citizens in the 1976 presidential election.

PMID- 682965
TI  - A process for individual program planning based on the Adaptive Behaviour Scale.

PMID- 682966
TI  - Blood lead levels in an institutionalized developmentally disabled population.

PMID- 682967
TI  - Nocturnal diuresis in panhypopituitarism.
AB  - Although impaired water diuresis in adrenocortical insufficiency is well-known,
      little attention has been paid to the diuretic pattern at night. In two cases of
      panhypopituitarism, the nocturnal diuretic pattern was found to be quite
      different from that in the morning, and marked diuresis did occur after water
      loading at night, without any significant change of serum cortisol which remained
      at a low level throughout the day. At the antidiuretic stage in the morning,
      urine osmolality continued to rise gradually, in spite of the water loading, to
      the level of 666 mOsm/liter. At the water restriction test, the urine was
      concentrated only to the same level of 600-700mOsm/liter. At the ascending stage
      of urine osmolality, exogenously injected pitressin showed little antidiuretic
      effect, although the kidney was able concentrate urine to the higher level later.
      In the morning, 3 liters of 5% glucose infusion failed to produce a marked
      diuresis in spite of extreme plasma dilution and expansion. Furosemide
      immediately induced diuresis even in the morning and the kidney recovered its
      ability to respond to pitressin. Glucocorticoid also improved the diuretic
      pattern in the morning, but a latent period of about 2 hr was always observed
      before the appearance of the effect. What happened during this latent period was
      unclear, but it was interesting to note that a mechanism similar to that which
      induces diuretic response seemed to occur without glucocorticoid at night.

PMID- 682968
TI  - Influence of elevated plasma free fatty acids on the glucagon response to
      hypoglycemia in normal and in pregnant women.
AB  - We investigated the influence of an insulin-induced hypoglycemia on plasma
      glucagon in nonpregnant healthy young women and in women during the last month of
      gestation. Both groups were tested either in the basal state or during a period
      where free fatty acid plasma levels were increased by infusion of a lipid
      emulsion supplemented with heparin. Regular insulin was injected intravenously at
      the dose of 0.1 U/kg body wt in controls and 0.3 U/kg in pregnant women in order
      to obtain a similar lowering of blood glucose in all groups. In controls, the
      increase in plasma glucagon was maximum 30 and 45 min after insulin injection and
      averaged 130 pg/ml; the infusion of triglycerides and heparin which raised plasma
      FFA to about 1300 muEq/liter decreased basal plasma glucagon levels and reduced,
      by about 70%, the glucagon response to hypoglycemia. During the last month of
      pregnancy, the glucagon response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia was reduced by
      60% (mean maximal increase 52 pg/ml); furthermore, raising plasma FFA to about
      1500 muEq/liter completely abolished the glucagon rise induced by the insulin
      hypoglycemia. These results support the view that the glucagon release from A
      cells can be modulated by the level of circulating plasma FFA.

PMID- 682969
TI  - Mechanism and significance of carbohydrate intolerance in chronic alcoholism.
AB  - Intravenous glucose tolerance tests were carried out in 61 chronic alcoholic
      patients, divided into two groups, and in a third group consisting of healthy,
      nonalcoholic volunteers. Members of one experimental group were drinking alcohol
      throughout the study. The patients of the other experimental group received no
      alcohol and were in withdrawal from alcohol. The glucose tolerance tests were
      carried out on each patient on admission to the hospital and 1 wk later. During
      the test, blood was drawn at 10 min intervals for glucose, immunoreactive
      insulin, and glucagon determinations. The results indicated that there was
      transient carbohydrate intolerance in the great majority of both patient groups,
      and it became evident that the carbohydrate intolerance was the result of
      continuous alcohol consumption and was not part of the withdrawal syndrome.
      Significant decrease in insulin secretion was found in the early part of the
      glucose tolerance tests in the majority of the patients in both alcohol and
      withdrawal groups. Based on results of this study and evidence from the
      literature, it is suggested that chronic alcoholism is dabetogenic in susceptible
      individuals and that the transient carbohydrate intolerance found in our study
      represents and early step in the development of adult-onset diabetes eventually
      developing in a significant number of chronic alcoholics.

PMID- 682970
TI  - Liver glycogen after portacaval shunt in rats.

PMID- 682971
TI  - Postheparin plasma lipase activities in obesity: failure to increase with adipose
      organ enlargement.
AB  - Published studies have shown that overproduction of very low density lipoproteins
      is a major factor leading to hypertiglyceridemia in obesity. Few systematic
      studies of triglyceride removal or postheparin lipoprotein lipase activity (LPLA)
      in obesity have appeared. We have examined heparin-released lipoprotein
      triglyceride hydrolase activities in 12 lean and 12 obese age- and sex-matched
      volunteers after overnight fasting. Heparin doses were calculated to compensate
      for the disproportionality between body mass and plasma volume in obesity.
      Triglyceride hydrolase activities of hepatic (HTGLA) and extrahepatic (LPLA)
      origin were distinguished by in vitro inhibition of LPLA with protamine sulfate.
      Incremental heparin doses were given to each subject to determine lipase
      activities under conditions of maximal release and to define sensitivity to
      heparin-facilitated lipase release. Maximal postheparin LPLA and HTGLA (u/ml
      plasma or u/total plasma vol) were similar in lean and obese individuals despite
      a nearly three-fold increase in calculated adipose tissue mass in the obese.
      Since adipose tissue LPLA has been reported to increase in proportion to
      adipocyte size, the lack of difference in maximal postheparin LPLA was expected.
      There was an inverse correlation between plasma triglyceride concentration and
      LPLA/kg adipose tissue. These empirical observations may reflect relatively
      decreased heparin-releaseable (functional) LPLA in relation to adipose organ mass
      in obese subjects. The mechanism of this relationship has not been established.

PMID- 682972
TI  - Effect of somatostatin and a glucagon-specific analog on glucose homeostasis
      during arginine infusion.
AB  - The glucose response to arginine infusion in normal rats was studied during
      insulin and glucagon deficiency (somatostatin infusion, 1 mg/kg/hr) or selective
      glucagon deficiency ([D-Cys14]-somatostain infusion, 1 mg/kg/hr). In control
      studies, plasma glucose levels rose 14 mg/dl in response to arginine and returned
      to basal levels at the termination of the infusion. Insulin levels increased 136
      +/- 12 muU/ml and glucagon increased 76 +/- 12 pg/ml during the infusion.
      Infusion of somatostatin resulted in supression of both arginine-induced insulin
      and arginine-induced glucagon release, and marked hyperglycemia ensued. The
      administration of [D-Cys14]-somatostatin during arginine infusion produced no
      associated hyperglycemia. It resulted in suppression of glucagon secretion and a
      modest rise in insulin release. These results demonstrate that the hyperglycemic
      effects of somatostatin in arginine-treated animals do not arise in animals
      treated with glucagon-specific somatostatin analogs.

PMID- 682973
TI  - Hexokinase isozymes of normal human subcutaneous adipose tissue.
AB  - The isozymes of hexokinase in surgical specimens of human subcutaneous adipose
      tissue were separated by elution from DEAE-cellulose with linear KCl gradients at
      ph 7.4. Two peaks of activity were found: Peak 1 eluted at 0.05M KCl, and Peak 2
      at 0.19M KCl. Michaelis constants (Km) for glucose were: Peak 1, 6.5 x 10-5M;
      Peak 2, 1.5 x 10-4M. Peak 2 was more susceptible than Peak 1 to inactivation by
      trypsin, 0.1 mg/ml, and was protected by 0.1M glucose. Both peaks were protected
      from heat inactivation (45 degrees) by 0.1M glucose. Peak 2 comprised 66 +/- 5
      percent of the total hexokinase activity. No activity with the characteristics of
      hexokinase III was detected in human fat. In all these characteristics, the
      isozymes of human adipose tissue closely resemble hexokinases I and II from rats.

PMID- 682974
TI  - Somatostatin: isolation, characterization, distribution, and blood determination.

PMID- 682975
TI  - Radioimmunoassay of somatostatin.

PMID- 682976
TI  - Somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SRIF-LI) in human and rat serum.

PMID- 682977
TI  - Immunocytochemical study of the ontogenesis of the hypothalamic somatostatin
      containing neurons in the human fetus.

PMID- 682978
TI  - Variations of the somatostatin content of gut, pancreas, and brain in the
      developing rat.

PMID- 682979
TI  - Immunoreactive somatostatin in rat cerebral cortical and hypothalamic
      synaptosomes.

PMID- 682980
TI  - Investigation of larger forms of somatostatin in pigeon pancreas and rat brain.

PMID- 682981
TI  - Pig duodenal somatostatin: extraction and purification.

PMID- 682982
TI  - Somatostatin biosynthesis and release in the hypothalamus and pancreas of the
      rat.

PMID- 682983
TI  - Modulation of pancreatic somatostatin by adrenergic and cholinergic agonism and
      by hyper- and hypoglycemic sulfonamides.

PMID- 682984
TI  - Glucose and glucagon stimulate the secretion of somatostatin from the perfused
      canine pancreas.

PMID- 682985
TI  - Studies of the physiology and pathophysiology of the pancreatic D cell.

PMID- 682986
TI  - Release of somatostatin into the antral lumen of cats.

PMID- 682987
TI  - D cell pathology in duodenal ulcers and achlorhydria.

PMID- 682988
TI  - Somatostatin secretion from the rat neurohypophysis and stalk median eminence
      (SME) in vitro: calcium-dependent release by high potassium and electrical
      stimulation.

PMID- 682989
TI  - Somatostatin: central nervous system (CNS) action on glucoregulation.

PMID- 682990
TI  - Dissociation of effects of somatostatin antiserum on growth hormone and insulin
      secretion.

PMID- 682991
TI  - Inhibition of TSH-stimulated radioiodine turnover and release of T4 and T3 in
      vivo by somatostatin.

PMID- 682992
TI  - Somatostatin modulation of glucagon secretion and its importance in human glucose
      homeostasis.

PMID- 682993
TI  - Gastrointestinal somatostatin in man and dog.

PMID- 682994
TI  - Effects of somatostatin on the exocrine pancreas and the release of duodenal
      hormones.

PMID- 682995
TI  - Effects of somatostatin on absorption of mono- and disaccharides in small
      intestine in vivo and in vitro in man and rats.

PMID- 682996
TI  - Effect of somatostatin on the pancreatitis-like biochemical changes due to
      endoscopic pancreatography: preliminary report.

PMID- 682997
TI  - Dissociation between the action of somatostatin on insulinotropic and
      glucagonotropic activities of rat duodenal mucosa.

PMID- 682998
TI  - The effect of synthetic somatostatin on canine pancreatic exocrine secretion and
      its comparison with a duodenal somatostatin-like immunoreactive (SLI) extract.

PMID- 682999
TI  - Inhibition of intestinal calcium absorption by somatostatin in man.

PMID- 683000
TI  - Somatostatin and intestinal calcium absorption in man.

PMID- 683001
TI  - The differential action of somatostatin on the motor effector system of the
      canine gastrointestinal tract.

PMID- 683002
TI  - Hemodynamic and renin responses to somatostatin in essential hypertension.

PMID- 683003
TI  - Somatostatin prolongation of the blood pressure lowering effect of diazoxide.

PMID- 683004
TI  - Somatostatin: influence on hemostasis--a review.

PMID- 683005
TI  - Prevention of chemically induced adrenal hemorrhage and lung injury by
      somatostatin in the rat.

PMID- 683006
TI  - Investigations of the antiproliferative effect of somatostatin in man and rats.

PMID- 683007
TI  - Effect of in vivo administration of somatostatin on cell-free protein synthesis
      of pituitary and of adrenal ribosomes.

PMID- 683008
TI  - Prolonged suppression of pituitary and pancreatic hormone release by a
      somatostatin analog.

PMID- 683009
TI  - Observations on the growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon release-inhibiting
      activities of somatostatin analogues.

PMID- 683010
TI  - Inhibition of gastric acid secretion by stereoisomers of somatostatin.

PMID- 683011
TI  - Twenty-four-hour somatostatin infusions in normals, juvenile diabetics, and
      maturity-onset diabetics.

PMID- 683012
TI  - Diabetogenic effects of somatostatin in maturity-onset diabetes and normal man:
      primacy of insulin deficiency rather than glucagon excess in the pathogenesis of
      diabetes.

PMID- 683013
TI  - Diabetogenic action of somatostatin in healthy subjects: effect of amino acids
      and somatostatin upon blood glucose, serum insulin, and glucagon.

PMID- 683014
TI  - Somatostatin: a tool for investigation of the metabolic effects of cortisol and
      glucagon.

PMID- 683015
TI  - Glucose, insulin, and somatostatin infusion for the determination of insulin
      sensitivity in vivo.

PMID- 683016
TI  - Some thoughts on current research with somatostatin.

PMID- 683017
TI  - Somatostatin: clinical importance and outlook.

PMID- 683018
TI  - Immunochemical analysis of nonhistone proteins.

PMID- 683019
TI  - The laser microbeam as a probe for chromatin structure and function.

PMID- 683020
TI  - Dissection of the eukaryotic chromosome with deoxyribonucleases.

PMID- 683021
TI  - Isolation of amplified nucleoli from Xenopus oocytes.

PMID- 683022
TI  - Immune reconstitution in the immunodeficient chicken by transfer of embryonic
      lymphoid cells.
AB  - Embryonic chickens were rendered immunodeficient by in ovo injection of
      homologous IgM on the 10th embryonic day. The immunodeficient embryos were
      intravenously given lymphoid cells taken from normal embryonic bursa, spleen or
      thymus on the 15th embryonic day. Gain of splenic or bursal weight, natural
      antibodies to sheep red blood cells (SRBC), frequencies of rosette forming cells
      (RFC) binding to SRBC or dinitrophenyl-SRBC (DNP-SRBC) and of immunoglobulin
      bearing cells (IBC) in the bursa and the spleen were investigated to assess the
      effect of transferred cells during the embryonic stage. Transferred bursal and
      splenic cells showed an ability to restore the frequency of RFC or IBC in the
      recipients. However, reversion from the immunodeficient state was not observed in
      the thymic cell transfer. These findings suggested that the cells derived from
      embryonic bursa and spleen contained stem cells which developed into RFC and also
      into precursors of IBC.

PMID- 683023
TI  - Cell-bound synthesis and subsequent adherence of oral streptococci due to the
      binding of extracellular glucosyltransferase to the streptococcal cell surface.

PMID- 683024
TI  - [Isolation of plasmid DNA from Streptomyces olivaceus V KX].

PMID- 683025
TI  - [Microbiological processes during different technological regimes of flax
      retting. I. Microbiological principles of industrial flax retting].

PMID- 683026
TI  - [Microbiological processes during different technological regimes of flax
      retting. II. Microbiological processes during water-air with flowage and combined
      aerobic-anaerobic retting of flax].

PMID- 683027
TI  - [Growth of micromycetes from different taxonomic groups on medium with lignin
      from pine (Pinus silvestris)].

PMID- 683028
TI  - [A combined action of aminoglycoside antibiotics and bile acids on
      staphylococci].

PMID- 683029
TI  - [Efficiency of antibiotic preparation K in vivo].

PMID- 683030
TI  - [Bactericidal activity of various derivatives of N-heteroaromatic compounds].

PMID- 683031
TI  - In vitro destruction of urinary calculi by laser-induced stress waves.
AB  - A new, nonsurgical technique is proposed for the destruction of urinary calculi.
      This technique exploits recent advances in laser-fusion research in the
      generation of shock waves from high-intensity pulsed lasers and the principles
      evolved from extensive military research on fragmentation resulting from the
      interactions of shock waves on solids. In the in vitro experiments reported here,
      stress waves were generated by irradiating a thin film confined between glass and
      metal substrates with a high-intensity pulsed laser. It was shown that a nominal
      2-J, Q-switched Ruby or Nd-glass laser is easily capable of producing stress
      waves of up to 10-kbar peak pressure and that the rise time of the stress pulse
      is on the order of the laser pulse duration. Urinary calculi (kidney or bladder
      stones) of different sizes, shapes, colors, hardnesses, and composition were
      fragmented by laser-induced shock waves into sizes quite capable of being passed
      spontaneously. Critical laser parameters have been determined, and the associated
      threshold pressure for the destruction of the hardest types of urinary stones has
      been measured. The possible application of this technique to in situ destruction
      of urinary calculi is described.

PMID- 683032
TI  - A noncontacting electromagnetic device for the determination of in vivo
      properties of bone.
AB  - A noncontacting, electromagnetic device to monitor stress waves in bone has been
      developed. Since bone exhibits piezoelectric-like behavior, a propagating stress
      wave in bone generates both electric and magnetic fields. The present device
      detects the magnetic field and thus provides a measure of the stress-wave
      amplitude in the bone. Excised dry and wet human femora, as well as a model
      system consisting of a bar of strongly piezoelectric ceramic, were examined using
      the device. Magnetic signals associated with elastic waves were also recorded in
      the long bones of human volunteers. Since the observed signals are not perturbed
      by the mechanical quality of the soft tissue over the bone, the device may be
      used to quantitatively assess the mechanical properties of bone in vivo.

PMID- 683033
TI  - A new bedside emergency resuscitation cart.
AB  - Existing bedside emergency resuscitation carts all have certain shortcomings,
      which interfere with the rapid, efficient care of the hospitalized patient in a
      catastrophic episode. A systems study was made of the performance criteria of
      such a cart under conditions which require its use. The primary result of the
      study was a new design for a bedside emergency resuscitation cart and a suggested
      list of emergency medications and equipment, every item of which is visible and
      available without opening drawers to search for it. It is suggested that such a
      cart, fully equipped, be kept on every nursing station and in every special care
      department of a hospital.

PMID- 683034
TI  - Electrodynamometric evaluation of nasal escape in speech disorders.
AB  - A new method of detecting the degree of nasal air emission in patients with
      speech disorders during "continuous" speech. The method employs the use of an
      electronic sensor placed in front of the nasal opening, which then picks up nasal
      escape and transfer it to an electrical signal that is recorded on an LED digital
      readout. The degree of nasal air emission, as portrayed on the LED, is then
      charted, permitting differentiation of the various speech disorders. This newly
      described method of nasal speech evaluation is of the utmost importance in the
      rehabilitation of patients with speech disorders and has proven to be quick and
      reliable in clinical use. It is also useful in patient selection for the various
      reconstructive operative procedures used to correct speech abnormalities. The
      clinical device is helpful to the speech therapist in detecting nasal speech
      abnormalities and evaluating the clinical progress of a given patient during
      speech therapy.

PMID- 683035
TI  - Reliability of Doppler and impedance techniques for the diagnosis of
      thrombophlebitis.
AB  - The accuracy of Doppler ultrasound and impedance diagnostic techniques for
      identifying deep venous thrombosis was determined by comparison with patient
      venograms. Those patients suspected of having deep venous thrombosis were tested
      by ultrasound, impedance, and venography, with venography the standard for
      establishing the accuracy of the noninvasive methods. The deep inspiration, the
      Valsalva and abdominal pressure maneuvers, and the pneumatic cuff technique were
      employed with the impedance tests. The incidence of false negative and false
      positive results were determined for each noninvasive method separately and for
      both methods used concurrently. When both methods were considered, the number of
      false positives was high; however, all cases with major thrombosis were detected
      in the group of patients examined. A positive result with ultrasound or impedance
      tests should be considered an indication to perform venography, or if venography
      is contraindicated, to perform other noninvasive tests.

PMID- 683036
TI  - Safety and efficacy of extracorporeal blood oxygenators: a review.
AB  - A review of the scientific literature relative to safety and efficacy of
      disposable blood oxygenators, augmented by 20 years of clinical and laboratory
      experience utilizing heart-lung bypass devices, has produced tables and lists
      describing clinical problems associated with the use of disposable blood
      oxygenators, basic requirements for an effective and safe oxygenator, and
      parameters of oxygenators requiring testing for safety and efficacy. The current
      status of voluntary guidelines and regulatory standards for oxygenator safety and
      efficacy is reviewed.

PMID- 683037
TI  - Legal and practical problems facing the clinical engineer.

PMID- 683038
TI  - Biomedical regulatory standards development as an educational and design review
      process.

PMID- 683039
TI  - Controlled voltages for electroconvulsive therapy.
AB  - A description is given for the design of an isolated output, servo-controlled
      voltage, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) machine for the safe, controlled
      application of 60-Hz alternating current (ac) signals between 0 and 230 V rms for
      controlled periods ranging from 0.1 to 2 sec. Added safety is provided by current
      limiting in the range of 360 to 770 mA rms for patient impedances ranging from
      500 to 50 omega. The use of this equipment has permitted a detailed description
      of the impedances characteristic of unilateral ECT.

PMID- 683040
TI  - Advances in ventricular synchronous demand cardiac pacemakers.
AB  - New ventricular synchronous demand (VVT) pacemaker functions have been developed
      that provide improved performance in electromagnetic interference (EMI)
      environments and improved sensing of ventricular premature contractions. All
      previous ventricular synchronous pacemakers had an inherent design conflict
      between choosing the optimal (relatively long) input refractory interval needed
      for limiting the maximum pulse delivery rate and choosing the optimal (relatively
      short) input refractory interval (sensing dead time) following either a sensed or
      paced cardiac contraction. The necessary compromise resulted in a device that in
      the presence of EMI, stimulated at a rate (approximately 150 ppm) which was
      dangerously fast for certain patients, yet was insensitive to early
      poststimulation (400 to 500 msec) premature ventricular contractions, resulting
      in a risk of T-wave stimulation. Partly because of these deficiencies, the VVT
      function has not been widely employed by the medical profession: instead, the
      ventricular inhibited (VVI) pacemaker has evolved as the treatment of choice for
      the cardiac patient with intermittent heart block, even though total inhibition
      by certain EMI radiators is a potentially serious problem. New VVT structures
      have been developed that allow control separation of the maximum EMI discharge
      rate and the sensing refractory interval by employing independent input and
      output refractory intervals. New low-power digital devices provide building
      blocks applicable to the developed architectures.

PMID- 683041
TI  - Teaching the basic medical sciences.

PMID- 683042
TI  - Reasons underlying the maternal choice of midwives in rural Malaysia.

PMID- 683043
TI  - Eclampsia - a review of 48 cases.

PMID- 683044
TI  - Anencephalic pregnancies in a Malaysian hospital.

PMID- 683045
TI  - Fibroadenoma of vulva.

PMID- 683046
TI  - A case of primary adenocarcinoma of the fallopian tube.

PMID- 683047
TI  - The management of neonatal tetanus.

PMID- 683048
TI  - Oral manifestations of microbial diseases.

PMID- 683049
TI  - Characteristics of 17beta-estradiol binding proteins.

PMID- 683050
TI  - Observations on a chromogenic and a starch-iodine method for the routine
      measurement of serum amylase.

PMID- 683051
TI  - Phytobezoar: a case report.

PMID- 683052
TI  - A record of limnatis maculosa (Blanchard) (Hirudinea: arynchobdellida) taken from
      the nasal cavity of man in Sabah, Malaysia.

PMID- 683053
TI  - A seven year study of opiate dependence in Malaysia.

PMID- 683054
TI  - Needs-oriented postgraduate training in orthopaedics.

PMID- 683056
TI  - Glycosylated haemoglobin levels in patients with diabetes mellitus.
AB  - Glycosylated haemoglobin A1 levels were measured in 186 patients with diabetes
      mellitus and 108 non-diabetic controls. Forty-nine diabetics were considered well
      controlled with at least three blood glucose levels below 10 mmol/L, while 50
      diabetic patients were poorly controlled with at least three blood glucose levels
      above 15 mmol/L. Mean glycosylated haemoglobin A1 levels for the 108 normal
      controls was 7.45% +/- 0.73%, for the well controlled diabetics, 10.7% +/- 2%,
      and for poorly controlled diabetics, 15.0% +/- 2.5% of total haemoglobin. In
      patients with the onset of diabetes after the age of 40 years, there was a
      significant difference between the haemoglobin A1 levels in those with diabetic
      retinopathy and those without complications. There was a significant association
      between haemoglobin A1 levels and the duration of the disease in diabetics
      controlled with insulin.

PMID- 683055
TI  - Paediatric follow up of pregnancies complicated by subnormal oestriol excretion.
      Interim report.
AB  - In 92 pregnant women with low urinary oestriol excretion after 30 weeks'
      gestation, there was a higher incidence of fetal distress, premature delivery and
      induced labour, while resuscitation of the infant at birth was required more
      often than in controls. The birth weights, head circumference, and body lengths
      of the infants were significantly lower than those of the controls. In the 26
      cases where maternal oestriol levels were persistently low, three were associated
      with placental sulphatase deficiency, and three infants died postnatally. Four
      infants had evidence of neurological defects on follow up, as did four infants in
      the control group. The low head circumferences, weight, and length were still
      present at two years of age. It is concluded that, although low oestriol
      excretion during pregnancy is associated with increased risk to the fetus, it is
      not associated per se with permanent neurological damage, provided the infant is
      born alive, and is congenitally normal. However, many infants remain smaller than
      average, at least for the first years of life.

PMID- 683057
TI  - Psychiatric consultations in a children's hospital.
AB  - One hundred and ninety-one consecutive psychiatric referrals from the medical and
      surgical wards of a children's hospital were studied. The referral rate
      approximated 2% of admission rate, and patients who were referred stayed in
      hospital longer than three times the average stay for all inpatients. The
      hospital's medical units supplied 69% of referrals and the rest came from the
      surgical units. The male to female ratio of admissions to hospital was 3:2, but
      that of referrals was 1:1 (a significant difference (P less than 0.02). Main
      diagnostic categories for patients under one year of age were congenital and
      metabolic disorders (35%), and psychosocial problems which included maltreatment
      and children at risk (58%). The records for patients between one and 14 years of
      age imply that over 50% of them had family social problems or behaviour disorder.
      Of patients over 14 years of age, 93% had affective disorder.

PMID- 683058
TI  - Choice reaction time in workers using trichloroethylene.
AB  - Eight-choice reaction time studies were carried out on women using
      trichloroethylene (TCE) as an industrial solvent, and simultaneous tests were
      performed on control subjects. The women exposed to TCE showed an increase in
      choice reaction time compared with the control subjects. This divergent trend was
      substantial at a factory where TCE levels exceeded the recommended threshold
      limit value (TLV). The divergence was less pronounced, but still clearly evident
      at another factory where TLV was not exceeded.

PMID- 683059
TI  - Food allergy--a controversial subject.

PMID- 683060
TI  - The Prince of Wales Children's Hospital.

PMID- 683061
TI  - Who says I shouldn't set essays?

PMID- 683062
TI  - Recent advances in the treatment of long bone fractures of the lower limb.

PMID- 683063
TI  - Small-group teaching in microbiology: 2. Techniques.

PMID- 683064
TI  - The environmental impact statement: an important addition to the certification of
      early deaths.
AB  - An environmental impact statement (EIS) has been made in conjunction with a
      prospective study of 56 consecutive deaths of persons under 60 years of age in a
      local population. EIS is the cheapest and the quickest means by which to
      continually highlight the weaknesses of a national health system.

PMID- 683065
TI  - The vocational element in rehabilitation: rehabilitation counselling.

PMID- 683066
TI  - Screening for breast cancer: the role of mammography.

PMID- 683067
TI  - Femoral venous cannulation for emergency fluid replacement.

PMID- 683068
TI  - Schoolboy rugby union injuries.

PMID- 683069
TI  - Haloperidol and benztropine in rapid neuroleptization.

PMID- 683070
TI  - The comprehensive cancer centre.
AB  - Comprehensive cancer centres have arisen around the world, very often on the
      foundations of radiotherapy departments, as in the case of the Cancer Institute
      in Melbourne. Such centres offer the complete non-surgical approach to cancer
      through multidisciplinary interaction with full diagnostic back-up, and are
      centres of excellence in at least one branch of surgical oncology. They are
      physically or organizationally autonomous entities. They undertake basic as well
      as clinical research. They provide training of personnel in cancer diagnosis,
      treatment and research.

PMID- 683071
TI  - Accuracy in diagnosis of acute pancreatitis.
AB  - During an eight-year period, 113 cases of acute pancreatitis were studied to
      determine the accuracy and modes of diagnosis in the first attack. In 65% of
      cases, a confident diagnosis was made on a combination of the clinical picture
      and a marked elevation of the serum amylase level. Diagnosis on laparotomy was
      made in 30% of cases, and autopsy diagnosis in the remaining 5%. Cullen's and
      Grey Turner's signs, radiology test results, and the presence of hyperglycaemia
      were of little or no diagnostic value. Recently developed laboratory tests may
      increase the diagnostic yield in the future. The precise indications for
      laparotomy diagnosis in the first attack are discussed. Laparotomy for diagnosis
      did not increase the mortality rate in this series.

PMID- 683072
TI  - Perforation of the interventricular septum complicating myocardial infarction.
AB  - The presentation and management of 21 patients with postinfarction ventricular
      septal defect (VSD) in whom surgical treatment was considered or performed since
      1970 have been analysed and reviewed. An acute group of 11 patients, each of whom
      developed cardiogenic shock, 9 of whom came to surgery within one week from the
      onset of their VSD, had a poor outlook, only 27% becoming long-term survivors.
      Six patients were classified as subacute because their surgery was precipitated
      by worsening congestive cardiac failure in all, and by pulmonary oedema at the
      time of surgery in three patients. Four chronic patients were operated upon
      electively. The results in the subacute and chronic groups were excellent, and
      all are long-term survivors. Operative closure of the defect is best achieved by
      the use of a patch. Infarctectomy and aneurysmectomy are necessary in more than
      half of the cases. Left ventricular assistance by the intra-aortic balloon
      counterpulsation catheter has been disappointing and did not contribute to long
      term survival. The major factor determining survival is the integrity of the
      closure, and the function of the remaining viable myocardium. Reoperation for
      reopening of the defect should always be considered.

PMID- 683074
TI  - Who considers adolescents--part 2.

PMID- 683073
TI  - Aborigines and alcoholism: the role of the general hospital.

PMID- 683075
TI  - Can I really grade essays fairly?

PMID- 683076
TI  - The investigation of the jaundiced patient.

PMID- 683077
TI  - The ponderostat and a physiological model of obesity.

PMID- 683078
TI  - Adverse reaction after aerosol inhalation.

PMID- 683079
TI  - Illegal drugs and nutrition in undergraduate students.
AB  - The nutritional status of 82 marihuana-smoking students from two establishments
      of tertiary education was studied and compared with 63 controls. There was little
      difference between these two groups of students. Thirty-four per cent of those
      taking drugs had a diet which was deficient in one or more nutrients, compared
      with 30% of the controls. Four of the students who took drugs and three controls
      had a marginally reduced serum level of vitamin B12, but all were taking oral
      contraceptive agents. Sixteen marihuana-smokers had either a low folate or low
      pyridoxal serum level, and another three had reduced serum levels of both
      vitamins compared with a total of eleven among the controls. Forty-three students
      (52%) had used, or were using, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) in addition to
      marihuana, and 10 had used mushrooms (Psilocybe cubensis). Thirteen students
      appeared to be "stoned" at interview.

PMID- 683080
TI  - Cerebral radionuclide scintigraphy in the stroke syndrome.
AB  - The cerebral scans of 365 patients with the stroke syndrome were reviewed
      retrospectively over a 30-month period. Positive static studies occurred in 140
      patients )38%), of which 73 (52%) had an associated reduction of flow to the
      affected hemisphere on the dynamic study. Positive dynamic studies alone accurred
      in 69 patients (19%), increasing the positive yield by 50%. Dynamic studies also
      differentiate extracranial (carotid) occlusion from intracranial vascular
      occlusion, and may contribute to prognosis and management. Infarction in the
      middle cerebral artery territory is five times as common as infarction in any
      other arterial territory. An unexpected finding was the high incidence (5%) of
      watershed infarctions. These are more common than posterior cerebral artery
      strokes (4%), and anterior cerebral artery strokes (1%). When patients with
      vertebrobasilar and lacunar strokes, and those scanned within one week or after
      six weeks from the onset of symptoms are excluded, the positive yield was 54% for
      static studies, and 67% over all.

PMID- 683081
TI  - Incidence of suspected extracranial cerebrovascular disease in a small community.
AB  - This study reports the investigation and treatment of 31 patients who suffered
      symptoms suggestive of extracranial cerebrovascular disease and presented to one
      community practice. It suggests that extracranial cerebrovascular disease may be
      more prevalent than is generally presumed, and emphasizes the need for better
      methods of investigation and a more positive approach toward its treatment.

PMID- 683082
TI  - Medical treatment for hydatids.

PMID- 683084
TI  - Patients and hospitals: the consumer view.

PMID- 683083
TI  - Report of the Lung Cancer Registry, 1976.

PMID- 683085
TI  - How do you measure clinical competence?

PMID- 683086
TI  - Small-group teaching in microbiology: 4. Comments and revision.

PMID- 683087
TI  - Tibal torsion and toe-out in AFOs.

PMID- 683088
TI  - Alcohol and aquatic disasters.

PMID- 683089
TI  - Royal Commission on Human Relationships.

PMID- 683091
TI  - Operating theatres and prevalence of miscarriage.

PMID- 683090
TI  - Severe local reaction to bite of King Brown snake.

PMID- 683092
TI  - Labetalol in hypertensive emergencies.

PMID- 683094
TI  - Zinc in humans.

PMID- 683093
TI  - Bilirubin analyses in neonatal jaundice.

PMID- 683095
TI  - Feeding the newborn infant.

PMID- 683096
TI  - Metabolism of alcohol.

PMID- 683097
TI  - Synergism between tetracycline and amphotericin B in experimental amoebic
      meningoencephalitis.
AB  - The efficacy of tetracycline and amphotericin B in the treatment of primary
      amoebic meningoencephalitis was studied by means of a mouse model. The results
      showed marked synergism between these two drugs. Mice who recieved 50 microgram
      amphotericin B daily succumbed to the infection with only 28.6% survival compared
      to 0% in untreated controls. In contrast, survival percentage was increased to
      66.7% and 84.6% in mice receiving the combined dosage schedule of 50 microgram
      amphotericin B with 2 tetracycline, and 50 microgram amphotericin B with 3 mg
      tetracycline, respectively. The finding of synergism between tetracycline and
      amphotericin may provide a better means for the treatment of this disease.

PMID- 683098
TI  - Obstructive jaundice due to hydatid cyst of the liver.
AB  - Obstructive jaundice due to a hydatid cyst of the liver occurred in a young
      Italian woman; the disease was contracted in the patient's home country, before
      her arrival in Australia.

PMID- 683099
TI  - Naproxen (Naprosyn) and the new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in
      rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 683100
TI  - Balint groups down under.

PMID- 683101
TI  - Sporting injuries of the shoulder.

PMID- 683102
TI  - Viral hepatitis in general hospitals: guidelines for control and prevention.

PMID- 683103
TI  - Intussusception of the appendix.

PMID- 683104
TI  - Co-trimoxazole.

PMID- 683105
TI  - Psychiatric illness in Papua New Guinea.

PMID- 683106
TI  - Non-gonococcal urethritis.

PMID- 683107
TI  - The developing countries and medical research.

PMID- 683109
TI  - Pethidine stability in intravenous solutions.

PMID- 683108
TI  - Print readership and cigarette usage.

PMID- 683110
TI  - Tetrodotoxin in the blue-ringed octopus.

PMID- 683111
TI  - Proteus contaminates liquifilm tears.

PMID- 683112
TI  - Intravenous co-trimoxazole therapy in serious infections.
AB  - The intravenous therapy with co-trimoxazole was used to control serious sepsis in
      15 patients in the intensive care unit of a large metropolitan hospital. Co
      trimoxazole was found to be a safe, effective, and eminently satisfactory
      alternative to the present vogue treatments of serious, bacteriologically
      undiagnosed infections.

PMID- 683114
TI  - Trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole and thrombocytopenia.
AB  - Thrombocytopenia is an uncommon but serious side effect of the antimicrobial
      combination of trimethoprim and sulphamethoxazole. Thirty-one cases in seven
      years, including two deaths, have been reported to the Australian Adverse Drug
      Reactions Registry. Females were affected twice as frequently as males. In 70% of
      the patients platelet counts were 20x10(9)/L or less. Thrombocytopenia which is
      associated with this agent may occur at any age.

PMID- 683113
TI  - Acute pancytopenia due to megaloblastic arrest in association with co
      trimoxazole.
AB  - Three patients who were taking co-trimoxazole developed acute pancytopenia due to
      megaloblastic arrest, and two of the three died while pancytopenic. One patient
      had a pre-existing megaloblastic anaemia. In the other two patients, there was no
      macrocytosis or neutrophil hypersegmentation despite the severe megaloblastosis.
      Because specific treatment is needed urgently, it is important to distinguish
      megaloblastic arrest from drug-induced hypoplasia.

PMID- 683115
TI  - [Arrhythmias; diagnosis and therapy. Hemiblock and fascicular block tracings].

PMID- 683116
TI  - [Lithium therapy of affective psychoses].

PMID- 683117
TI  - [The attitude of medical students towards informing patients of their condition
      (author's transl)].
AB  - During the winter term 1976/77 and in the summer term 1977 233 medical students
      of the fourth term were asked about their "attitudes and experiences" as "to
      which extent the patient wants to be and should be informed about his illness".
      About half of the investigated students--the number varies with the indicator-
      displayed attitudes and experiences corresponding to the patients' reality and
      needs. This was rated as an indicator of patient-centered orientation. The rest
      displayed patterns of attitudes and presuppositions similar to those we noted in
      physicians in hospital. The patients' great need of information is usually
      underrated, the individual aspects are not clearly recognized and there is only a
      slight inclination to tell the patient the whole truth, especially with regards
      to the prognosis. Age, sex, experiences in hospitals and professional objective
      of each of the investigated students do not have a relationship with these
      orientations. Having given a critical discussion of methods the authors
      demonstrate the didactic conclusions which the Marburg Institute of Medical
      Sociology would draw from its investigations.

PMID- 683119
TI  - [Endoscopy of duodenal ulcer: diagnosis and control of the disease course
      (author's transl)].
AB  - In 5040 consecutive endoscopies 672 duodenal ulcers were found. The experience
      with this series shows, that the direct endoscopic examination of the duodenal
      bulb represents a significant improvement for the diagnosis and control of the
      clinical course of the duodenal ulcer. Radiologic methods have not absolutely
      lost their diagnostic importance. However it may be frequently difficult to
      distinguish an acute from a healed lesion. The duodenoscopy is able to clarify
      this difficulty which is a reason for preferring the endoscopic examination for
      the diagnosis of duodenal ulcer.

PMID- 683118
TI  - [Bioavailability of Ce-Ferro forte. Comparative iron load test (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The intraindividual relative bioavailability of three oral iron preparations was
      investigated in 9 male and 3 female healthy volunteers. After an overnight fast
      each of the volunteers took 110 mg Fe++ in a weak gelatine capsule soluble within
      the duodenum (Ce-Ferro forte) or 105 mg and 100 mg Fe++ respectively in
      commercial preparations. Care was taken that a 3 days interval took place between
      the investigations. Before taking and 1/2, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 12 hrs. after taking
      the iron capsule, blood was withdrawn into heparinized test tubes and plasma iron
      concentrations were determined using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer.
      After taking Fe++ sulfate in a weak gelatine capsule (A), the mean plasma iron
      increased significantly higher in comparison to preparation B in the 2nd and in
      the 4th hour and in comparison to preparation C in the 1st hour. The area under
      curve of iron increase was 531 +/- 329 (SD) after A, 415 +/- 327 And 414 +/- 390
      after B and C respectively without significant changes. From these data was
      concluded that Fe++ sulfate in a duodenal soluble weak gelatine capsule has a
      beter bioavailability than the 2 other preparations investigated.

PMID- 683120
TI  - [Serum glucose determination using the hexokinase and glucose dehydrogenase
      technic on the autoanalyzer].

PMID- 683121
TI  - [CK-MB determination. Unusability of the selective activation technic using
      dithiothreitol].

PMID- 683122
TI  - [Viruses--causes of human tumor forms].

PMID- 683123
TI  - [Comparative studies uith a new protein test strip].

PMID- 683124
TI  - [Interference of urinalysis through indole-melanogens].

PMID- 683125
TI  - Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for interstitial cystitis.

PMID- 683126
TI  - Cancer chemotherapy.

PMID- 683127
TI  - Thin needle biopsy of solid tumors in children.
AB  - Thin needle biopsy of a suspected tumor will usually yield material amenable to
      cytologic examination and sufficient for diagnosis. Sixty children with suspected
      solid malignant tumors were subjected to this procedure. The masses biopsied were
      in bone, abdomen, mediastinum, tongue, pharynx, soft tissue, and peripheral lymph
      nodes. The diagnostic yield was 66% on first biopsy and rose to 93% on repeated
      biopsies. The diagnostic accuracy was 97% in malignant tumors with histologic
      confirmation. There were no proved false-negative diagnoses, and two (3%) false
      positive (for malignancy) diagnoses. All patients were followed up. There were no
      complications of note.

PMID- 683128
TI  - Meningeal relapse of orbital rhabdomyosarcoma.

PMID- 683129
TI  - Combination chemotherapy with MOPP in children with recurrent brain tumors.
AB  - Twenty-three children with CNS tumors were treated with combination chemotherapy
      including nitrogen mustard, vincristine sulfate, procarbazine, and prednisone
      (MOPP). All but one had progressive or recurrent tumors following surgery and
      irradiation. In addition, nine of these patients had prior chemotherapy.
      Seventeen out of 23 patients (73.4%) responded to MOPP chemotherapy including
      seven patients who had prior chemotherapy with single or multiple agents such as
      VCR, nitrosoureas, intrathecal methotrexate, and VM-26. Three comatose patients
      who were being kept on Decadron without benefit recovered from coma. At the time
      of this report 8 of the 17 responders are surviving without evidence of
      recurrence 7--30 months from the start of MOPP chemotherapy. In two of these
      children chemotherapy has been completely stopped.

PMID- 683130
TI  - Treatment of advanced colorectal cancer with a combination of 5-fluorouracil and
      methyl-CCNU.

PMID- 683131
TI  - Drinking water and cancer.

PMID- 683132
TI  - [Detection of a new species of mermithid, Culicimermis culicivora sp. n., in
      Aedes communis De Geer mosquitoes in the Buryat ASSR].

PMID- 683133
TI  - [Method of determining the relative significance of individual helminthiases in
      the overall degree of infestation of the population].

PMID- 683134
TI  - [Field tests of molluscacides in Bithynia inflata biotopes of a western Siberian
      focus of opisthorchiasis].

PMID- 683135
TI  - [Clinical picture of the acute phase of opisthorchiasis and some unresolved
      problems of its treatment].

PMID- 683136
TI  - [Life span of Fasciola in man].

PMID- 683137
TI  - [Characteristics of the helminthological situation in the zone of the eastern
      portion of the Baikal-Amur mainline].

PMID- 683138
TI  - [Histochemical and electron microscopic study of the liver in piglets with
      migrating ascariasis].

PMID- 683139
TI  - [Mechanism of the appearance of disorders in the ovogenesis of the housefly,
      Musca domestica L. II].

PMID- 683140
TI  - [Chlorophos-32P penetration through the cuticle of Musca domestica L. flies and
      its distribution between the cellular components of the thoracic musculature].

PMID- 683141
TI  - [Geographical aspects of the bringing of tropical helminthiases into the USSR].

PMID- 683142
TI  - [Cholinesterase from the heads of Musca domestica L. Its substrate specificity
      and inhibition by polymethylene-bis-quaternary ammonium compounds].

PMID- 683143
TI  - [Repellent and insecticidal properties of m-toluic piperidylamide].

PMID- 683144
TI  - [Experimental corroboration of the persistence of the tick-borne encephalitis
      virus in bats in wintertime].

PMID- 683145
TI  - [Detection of the Bhandja virus in experimentally infected ixodid ticks in the
      indirect hemagglutination reaction].

PMID- 683146
TI  - [Introduction of mermithid. (Nematoda, Mermithidae) parasites of blackfly
      (Simuliidae, Diptera) larvae].

PMID- 683147
TI  - Ionization collection efficiencies of some ionization chambers in pulsed and
      continuous radiation beams.
AB  - The most commonly used method of calibrating high-energy photon or electron beams
      consists in converting cavity ionization to dose by the application of the
      appropriate Clambda or CE multipled by the 60Co correction factor. The correct
      interpretation of calibration data for pulsed photon or electron beams requires a
      knowledge of the charge collection efficiencies of the ionization chambers used.
      The results are presented of efficiency measurements for both pulsed and
      continuous beams made with these chambers: 0.6-cm3 Farmer, 0.5-cm3 Spokas, 3-cm3
      Shonka, 1-cm3 PTW, and 1-cm3 Memorial pancake. The dependence of collection
      efficiency on collection voltage, dose rate, and dose per pulse is demonstrated.
      These results are shown to agree with Boag's formulas for collection efficiency.
      Attention is drawn to the fact that several kinds of dosimeters provide only
      minimal collection voltages for efficient collection of charge at high dose
      rates, especially in Linac electron beams. It is recommended to check the
      collection efficiency of chambers which are to be used at high dose rates, and a
      simple method for this purpose is described.

PMID- 683148
TI  - Development of Bragg diffraction imaging for medical use.
AB  - Experience gained in developing a real-time acoustical imaging system using Bragg
      diffraction is presented. Particular emphasis has been placed on medical
      applications. We have studied the difficulties in assembling a system capable of
      producing high-quality images. Engineering data on the optical mounting and on
      the design of the transducer along with representative images are presented and
      discussed.

PMID- 683149
TI  - Noise characteristics of a microchannel plate x-ray image intensifier.
AB  - The noise performance of an experimental microchannel plate x-ray image
      intensifier has been evaluated. The intensifier, constructed for use with photons
      of energies between 20 and 150 keV, uses an MCP as the photon-to-electron
      converter. The influence of noise was determined by analysis of the optical
      density fluctuations of a photograph of the viewing screen of the intensifier
      when the conversion layer was exposed to between 1 and 60 mR. Additionally, the
      contrast-detail performance of the experimental device was determined. The
      influence of both stochastic noise, due to quantum mottle and pulse-height
      variations, and structural noise, due to fluctuations in inherent gain from point
      to point, have been considered by using a model that adds these components.

PMID- 683150
TI  - An automated dosimetry data-acquisition and analysis system at the LAMPF pion
      therapy facility.
AB  - An automated data-acquisition and analysis system has been developed for
      dosimetry measurements on the pion therapy beam at the Clinton P. Anderson Meson
      Physics Facility Biomedical Channel in Los Alamos using a PDP-11/45 computer and
      CAMAC interface. Initialization, test, and monitor programs allow the user to set
      the physical limits of scanner travel, test the data lines, calibrate the analog
      signals for the scanner position, and monitor the analog versus digital values of
      the scanner position during operation. Data-acquisition programs scan beams in
      one, two, and three dimensions. Many options are available to the user in
      selecting the scan parameters and in changing some of these parameters during
      scanning. Data-analysis programs provide reproduction of stored data, comparison
      of linear scans, beam profiles along any line of a planar or volume scan, and
      isodose distributions from any planar scan or from any planar scan or from any
      plane of a volume scan. Other programs summarize stored data files and search for
      specific data according to the user's instruments.

PMID- 683151
TI  - An evaluation of the performance characteristics of different types of
      collimators used with the EMI brain scanner (MKI) and their significance in
      specific clinical applications.
AB  - The characteristics of various types of collimators have been studied
      systematically for the EMI Mark I brain scanner. The degree of collimation ranged
      from the 13-mm adjacent A and B slices to 3-mm separated slices. Multiple phantom
      studies (including variable density immiscible liquid interfaces) have been
      performed to evaluate the effect of collimation on (a) the line-spread function,
      (b) the change in effective absorption number, and (c) volume averaging. Effects
      associated with the technique settings involving the kVp, the mA, and the scan
      time were also investigated. The results of TLD dose measurements as a function
      of collimation are presented. The significance of collimation in specific
      clinical studies involving small, fairly well-circumscribed lesions is discussed.

PMID- 683152
TI  - New method for the experimental evaluation of x-ray grids.
AB  - This work describes a new method for the experimental evaluation of antiscatter x
      ray grids in radiography. Five commercial grids are evaluated in terms of two
      parameters which are determined only by the construction of the grid and the x
      ray energy. A comparison of the grid performances was made for the x-ray energies
      and scatter conditions that usually apply to chest radiography and mammography.
      The results show that for maximum scatter conditions the grid enhances the
      subject contrast by factors of approximately 6 and 2 in chest radiography and
      mammography, respectively, and that the contrast increases as the grid ratio
      increases. Also, in these examinations, the results show that, with improved
      grids, it is possible to reduce the patient exposures required for the no-grid
      case by approximately one-half without loss of the image-information content
      (signal-to-noise ratio).

PMID- 683153
TI  - An instrument with digital readout for indirect determination of kVp.
AB  - An electronic instrument with digital readout has been designed and constructed
      for indirect determination of the kVp applied to diagnostic x-ray tubes. The
      signals from two detectors exposed simultaneously to a differentially filtered x
      ray beam are processed by analog computing circuitry to yield an output signal
      directly proportional to the applied peak kilovoltage. Theory and preliminary
      results are presented and discussed.

PMID- 683154
TI  - Theoretical considerations of effects of x-ray film-screen characteristics on
      threshold detectability of small low-contrast objects.
AB  - An expression is derived for visual contrast of a radiographed small object that
      takes into account the proportion of scattered radiation as well as the shape of
      the sensitometric curve of the film-screen combination. Based on this expression
      for visual contrast applied to two different film-screen systems, predictions are
      made for threshold perceptability of low-contrast objects radiographed with the
      two imaging systems in the presence of scattered radiation and at different
      points on the sensitometric curves.

PMID- 683155
TI  - Measurements of the effects of x-ray film--screen characteristics on threshold
      detectability of small low-contrast objects.
AB  - Experiments were performed to test threshold detectability of a small nylon bead
      radiographed with two different image receptors and under different scattering
      conditions. In another paper, the present authors predicted, on theoretical
      grounds, the visibility of small low-contrast objects radiographed in the
      presence of scattered radiation. The experiments discussed in this paper tested
      these predictions using an observer-testing method resulting in Receiver
      Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves. In addition to the rigidly controlled
      experiments from which the ROC curves were obtained, another experiment was
      performed in which a human phantom was used and the radiographs rated as to the
      visibility of small artificial lesions. By and large, the experiments confirmed
      the predictions made from the theoretical analysis, using visual contrast as a
      measure of detectability.

PMID- 683156
TI  - Energy dependence of correction factors for two models of Keithley diagnostic ion
      chambers.
AB  - The energy dependence for each of two models of ionization chambers compatible
      with the Keithley model 35020 Digital Dosimeter, is determined by measurement of
      the exposure correction factors determined over the diagnostic x-ray range (0.4-
      4.9 mm AL HVL) for several for several samples of each model. The results of an
      analysis of variance performed by model on the correction factors are reported as
      mean correction factors for the x-ray beams evaluated, with a relative standard
      error of less than 1% for both cases. Energy-dependence curves for the two
      chamber models are given, and their use is described.

PMID- 683157
TI  - An instrument for aligning patient-positioning lasers.
AB  - The accurate adjustment of patient-positioning lasers is difficult and tedious.
      An optical instrument has been developed which enables rapid and extremely
      accurate adjustment of these. The instrument may be applied to several other
      tests of the alignment and adjustment of teletherapy and simulator machines.

PMID- 683158
TI  - Electrical constancy check for remote op-amp radiation dosimeters.

PMID- 683159
TI  - Dose reduction in mammography - what reduction? Which dose?

PMID- 683160
TI  - The uniformity of scintillation camera response in a quality assurance program.

PMID- 683161
TI  - Thermometry considerations in localized hyperthermia.
AB  - The introduction of local hyperthermia as a method of cancer therapy implies the
      necessity of quantitative measurements of the thermal dose. Our intention is to
      describe the nature of the problem, both physically and physiologically, with
      illustrations drawn from thermographic measurements in phantoms and in animals.
      The characteristics of a thermometry calibration facility are described. Some
      measurement problems associated with conventional thermometer probes are
      mentioned and several new thermometers which were developed for use in the
      electromagnetic fields are reviewed. We present some of the concepts that will
      guide the development of noninvasive thermometry. Systemic hyperthermia is not
      considered. We recommend that other reviews specifically directed toward
      localized hyperthermia be prepared on the methods of heating and on thermal
      physiological problems.

PMID- 683162
TI  - A technique for calculating the influence of thin inhomogeneities on charged
      particle beams.
AB  - A method has been developed for calculating the fluence and dose perturbations
      which occur in the shadow of inhomogeneous structures exposed to beams of charged
      particles. It is shown that differences in scattering power in adjacent portions
      of irradiated material can give rise to fluence perturbations which, in turn, are
      responsible for dose perturbations. A quantitative analysis of this process is
      developed which permits calculation of both the perturbed primary fluence and
      dose distributions. Results of these calculations are given for a square-faced
      edge discontinuity. The analytic technique, however, can be applied to more
      complicated interfaces and the general formulae are developed in this paper. They
      include provisions for the important modifying effects of beam divergence, of
      overlying or underlying homogeneous material, and of nonuniform beam profiles. In
      a companion paper, more complex geometries are analyzed and comparisons between
      calculations and experiments are presented.

PMID- 683163
TI  - Measurements and calculations of the influence of thin inhomogeneities on charged
      particle beams.
AB  - The predictions of an analytic technique for calculating fluence and dose
      distributions beneath thin inhomogeneities are presented for a number of
      structures, including a rectangular cavity or bar, a cylinder, a disk, and an
      angled or diffuse edge. Experiments with both electrons and protons for several
      geometries are presented and compared with predictions based on this technique.
      We offer some clinical guidelines for avoiding large perturbations due to
      scattering effects.

PMID- 683164
TI  - New method for exposing mammalian cells to intense laser radiation using the
      evanescent fields created in optical waveguides.

PMID- 683165
TI  - Towards optimum blurring in spiral tomography.
AB  - Attempts to increase the degree of blurring of nonfocused layers in tomography
      are inevitably associated with a worsening in the amount of artefactual detail
      introduced. A mathematical optimization technique has been employed to indicate
      how these conflicting characteristics may best be reconciled. The technique uses
      plausible definitions, based on the transfer function, of the effectiveness and
      the fidelity of the blurring, and generates a sequence of spread functions in
      which these two aspects are optimally combined.

PMID- 683166
TI  - Outpatient chemosurgery: an innovative approach to skin cancer.

PMID- 683167
TI  - How to deal with eye problems in children.

PMID- 683168
TI  - Adnexitis: precise diagnosis is the key to proper treatment.

PMID- 683169
TI  - Oral contraceptives can damage the liver.

PMID- 683170
TI  - Carcinoma of the tongue in Malaysians.

PMID- 683171
TI  - Bacterial protoplast fusion: recombination in fused protoplasts of Streptomyces
      coelicolor.
AB  - Numerous recombinants arose when protoplasts of S. coelicolor were treated with
      polyethylene glycol and regenerated on non-selective solid medium. In six-factor
      crosses, recombination frequencies of more than 10% (up to 17%) were routinely
      observed. This recombination did not require either of the known sex factors,
      SCPI and SCP2. The proportion of multiple crossover classes was much higher than
      amongst recombinants produced by conjugated between mycelia. Analysis of the
      spatial distribution of crossovers in double and quadruple  crossover
      recombinants showed only a slight tendency for crossovers to occur closer
      together than randomly on the complete linkage group. This suggests that genomes
      brought together by protoplast fusion are complete, or nearly so (in conjugation,
      in contrast, one genome is represented by a comparatively short fragment).
      Individual colonies arising from fused protoplasts did not contain different
      parental genomes without recombinants, but recombinants often occurred without
      parentals. Several recombinant genotypes often occurred in the same colony,
      showing a segregation of some, only, of the parental alleles. Complementary
      genotypes, parental or recombinant, did not occur in the same colony. It is
      postulated that complete genomes of fused protoplasts usually become fragmented
      and that crossing-over, often repeated, occurs between the fragments, to generate
      haploid recombinants. Analysis of fusions between propoplasts of four different
      genotypes indicated that the average number of protoplasts fusing together was
      low, but nevertheless appreciable numbers of fusions involved three or four
      genomes. Crossing-over between them produced recombinants inheriting markers from
      three or four parents. The generation of nearly random populations of
      recombinants between two or more parent strains by propoplast fusion under the
      conditions described appears to have simple applications in industrial and
      academic strain construction.

PMID- 683172
TI  - Evidence for plasmid like DNA in a filamentous fungus, the ascomycete Podospora
      anserina.
AB  - The existence of plasmid like DNA was demonstrated in senescent mycelia of
      Podospora anserina (strain s) by biophysical and electronmicroscopic methods.
      According to their contour length of about 1.4 and 2.7 micron respectively the
      molecular weight for the monomer is in the range of 3.10(6).

PMID- 683173
TI  - Number and molecular weights of the basic proteins of rat liver ribosomes.
AB  - 1) Efficient separation of the proteins from rat liver ribosomes can by achieved
      by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Complete separation of all
      components, however, is not possible with one system only. Comparison of the
      results obtained with different systems suggests further heterogeneity of S15,
      L22, L28, L33 and L35 and enables identification of S15a, S15b, L22a, L22b, L28a,
      L28b, L33, L33a, L35a and L36b. 2) Ribosomal proteins were substituted with
      iodoacetamide prior to electrophoresis or handled in all steps of the procedure
      in the presence of reducing agents. These procedures prevent the formation of
      oxidation products described erroneously as ribosomal proteins S5, S6, L15, L17
      and L32 in earlier papers. 3) Estimation of the molecular weights was performed
      by two-dimensional separation of the small and large subunit proteins using
      sodium dodecyl sulphate in the second dimension. The positions of the 70 basic
      proteins in the 2-D patterns were identified. 4) The small and large subunit
      proteins have molecular weights in the range of 8000 to 35,000 and 11,000 to
      55,500 Dalton, respectively. The number average molecular weights for the small
      and large subunit proteins are 22,500 and 26,500 Dalton, respectively. The sum of
      the molecular weights is 0.67 x 10(6) Dalton for the proteins of the small
      subunit and 1.05 x 10(6) Dalton for the proteins of the large subunit.

PMID- 683174
TI  - Cardiac sites of catecholamine action: diffusion models for soluble and
      immobilized catecholamine action on isolated cat papillary muscles.

PMID- 683175
TI  - Influence of sulfhydryl reagents and heavy metals on the functional state of the
      muscarinic acetylcholine receptor in rat brain.

PMID- 683176
TI  - On the topology of the norepinephrine transport carrier in rat hypothalamus. The
      site of action of tricyclic uptake inhibitors.

PMID- 683177
TI  - Effects of polyribonoinosinic acid polyribocytidylic acid and a mouse interferon
      preparation on cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase systems in cultures of
      primary mouse hepatocytes.

PMID- 683178
TI  - Mutagenic activation of N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene in the Salmonella test
      system: the role of deacetylation by liver and kidney fractions from mouse and
      rat.

PMID- 683179
TI  - Structure-activity relationships in the ansamycins: the crystal structure of
      tolypomycinone.

PMID- 683180
TI  - Conformation patterns in penicillins and the penicillin-penicillinase
      interaction.

PMID- 683181
TI  - Structure and function of snake venom curarimimetic neurotoxins.

PMID- 683182
TI  - Analysis of the methylated 'cap' structures of vaccinia mRNA by two-dimensional
      thin-layer chromatography.
AB  - Two different twodimensional cellulose thinlayer separations for blocked,
      methylated mRNA 5'-termini are described. They allow rapid analysis even of
      complex mixtures of mRNA "cap" structures on the basis of their methyl group
      content and base composition. These simple procedures are especially useful for
      the analysis of [3H-methyl]-labeled mRNA in combination with tritium
      fluorography. A qualitative and quantitative analysis of the methylated "cap"
      structures of in vitro labeled Vaccinia "core" mRNA is presented. The presence of
      methylated "cap" structures in Vaccinia RNA increases the in vitro translation
      efficiency of methylated Vaccinia RNA over Vaccinia RNA transcribed in the
      absence of a methyl group donor.

PMID- 683183
TI  - The in vitro reassembly of rough endoplasmic reticulum: ribosome binding
      capacity.
AB  - Rough endoplasmic reticulum membranes were dissolved in 1% deoxycholate and the
      deoxycholate was then dialysed out for five days. Well-defined bilayer vesicles
      were formed only if the dialysis was performed at room temperature for the first
      six hours. The vesicles were separated into a pelleted fraction (Fraction 1) and
      a fluffy layer (Fraction II) by centrifugation. As measured by amino acid
      incorporation ability, Fraction II bound polysomes, while Fraction I did not.
      When smooth endoplasmic reticulum was assembled, it was found that Fraction II so
      derived had a polysome binding capacity which was more sensitive to increased KCl
      concentrations (25 mM - 100 mM KCl) and that it bound significantly more
      monosomes than the corresponding fraction derived from rough membranes. The SDS
      polyacrylamide polypeptide patterns of the various fractions were compared.

PMID- 683184
TI  - Iron hydroxide: model for enzymes that oxidize proteins.
AB  - The particles of an iron hydroxide sol were found to be a suitable model for
      protein-oxidizing enzymes such as peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase. In addition
      to small molecules such as pyrogallol, human serum proteins, albumin and gamma
      globulin, are shown to be substrates of the oxidizing model. The activity is
      markedly increased by the addition of small amounts of copper to the iron in the
      particles of the sol. The size and molecular weight of the enzyme model, as well
      as the number of active centers were determined.

PMID- 683186
TI  - Methylated cap formation by enzymes bound to nuclear informofer particles.
AB  - Rat liver nuclear 30 S ribonucleoprotein particles containing pre-mRNA and
      nuclear sap proteins have been shown to modify in vitro the synthetic
      dinucleotide ppGpC in the presence of GTP and S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) by
      the formation of a blocked and methylated (capped) structure 7(meG(5')ppp(5'
      GmepC. In the absence of SAM the predominant reaction was GpppGpC. Our results
      indicate that the 30S ribonucleoprotein particles (informofers) as well as the
      proteins of the nuclear sap possess both guanylyltransferase, N7-, and 2-o
      methyltransferase activities.

PMID- 683185
TI  - Effect of biotin on phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation of rat liver
      histones.
AB  - Biotin deficient rat liver histones showed decreased phosphorylation and
      methylation, and increased acetylation rates as compared to normal rat liver
      histones: these alterations may be related to the observed lower stability of the
      interactions between histones and DNA. The modifications of the metabolic process
      might be the consequence of an alteration of the synthesis of the enzymes
      involved in histone phosphorylation, acetylation and methylation mechanisms and
      are presumably related to a biotin effect upon the synthesis of RNA and proteins.

PMID- 683187
TI  - Changes in nonhistone chromosomal proteins in phytohemagglutininstimulated
      lymphocytes.
AB  - Stimulation of bovine lymphocytes with phytohemagglutinin results in quantitative
      as well as qualitative changes in the nonhistone chromosomal proteins. Analysis
      of these proteins by hydroxyapatite chromatography and sodium dodecylsulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis shows not only a selective increase in the
      amount of some nonhistone proteins but also a decrease of other nonhistone
      protein bands. This observation is compatible with the view that nonhistone
      proteins have an inhibitory as well as an activating function at the genome
      level.

PMID- 683188
TI  - [Molecular organization of the long-wave complexes of purple photosynthesizing
      bacteria. Effect of pronase on the B890 complex of Chromatium minutissium and
      Rhodopseudomonas palustris].
AB  - The pronase action on the long-wave complexes B890 from two different purple
      bacteria has been investigated. Differences in the kinetics of decrease of the
      reaction center photochemical activity of electron-donor activity of cytochromes
      and of destruction of Bx890 (875) forms have been discovered. Different rates of
      the proteolysis of RC proteins were revealed by SDS-gel-electrophoresis. The
      heavy protein of RC was the first to degrade. The photochemical transformations
      deltaA890(875) in B890 complexes was observed during formation of peptides with
      molecular weight about 17 000 from two other RC proteins. On the basis of
      obtained data the model of molecular organization of B890 complexes from purple
      bacteria is discussed.

PMID- 683189
TI  - [Molecular causes of thalassemia. I. Identification of globin mRNA in homozygous
      beta-thalassemia using complementary human globin DNA].

PMID- 683190
TI  - [Effect of divalent copper ions on heat denaturation of DNA].
AB  - Using the thermal denaturation method the effect of bivalent copper of (4-10(-6)
      10(-3)) M concentrations on the helix-coil transition of DNA was studied in the
      solution of Na+ concentrations 10(-3)-10(-1) M. Unlike the previous studies, this
      paper makes allowance for the effect of impurity ions present in DNA and
      deionized water. It has been shown that in the region of low Cu2+ and Na+
      concentrations, thermal stability increases, the melting range extends and the
      denaturation curves become asymmetric. At concentrations more than approximately
      3-10(-5) M Cu2+, melting temperature starts to fall, and the range reduces to 1
      1.5 degrees at [Cu2+] greater than or equal to 2-10(-4) M. As [Cu2+] reaches
      these values, the denaturation curve asymmetry and melting range increase again,
      which is due to the inversion of the relative stability of AT- and GC-pairs.
      Employing experimental and phase-transition-theory data for homopolymers, the
      constants of Cu2+ binding with phosphates and DNA bases were calculated. The
      concentration dependence of the DNA denaturation parameters was shown to be
      governed by the superposition of binding Cu2+ with phosphates and nucleic acid
      bases.

PMID- 683191
TI  - [Isotherms of chemical modification of biopolymers for affinity reagents forming
      active intermediate particles].

PMID- 683192
TI  - [Protein evolution rate and immunoglobulin induction].
AB  - The capacity of proteins to induce the synthesis of specific immunoglobulins was
      shown to be correlated with their evolution rate. This correlation can be
      understood in terms of the clonal-selectional theory. The characteristic
      correlation parameter is the number of differences in the amino acid sequences
      between the immunogenic protein and the homological protein of the immunized
      animal. The above correlation was traced most clearly for the evolutionary
      conservative proteins.

PMID- 683193
TI  - [Character of the methylation and reassociation of wheat DNA fractions differing
      in their nucleotide composition].
AB  - The GC and AT fractions (GC content is 55.2 and 36.2 mole %, respectively) were
      isolated from wheat germ DNA by the thermal fractionation method (sequential
      thermal DNA denaturation followed by separation of denatured and undenatured DNA
      molecules by hydroxyapatitie chromatography). The amount of each of the two
      fractions isolated corresponds to about 25% of the total DNA. The 5
      methylcytosine (m5C) content in the GC fraction (9.2 mole %) is 4.6 times higher
      than in the AT fraction. The DNA fractions isolated are very different in the
      level of methylation of cytosine residues (m5C/C+m5C ratio differs 3 times), in
      the amount of respective pyrimidine isostichs and in the renaturation kinetics.
      In contrast to the AT fraction, in the GC fraction the amount of dipyrimidine
      isostichs is higher than monopyrimidine ones. The AT and GC fractions isolated
      contain unique, moderately and highly reiterated nucleotide sequences. About 90%
      of the GC fraction is represented by reiterated sequences. The isolated (from the
      GC fraction) highly reiterated sequences (GC fraction I, Cot = 2.8 X 10(-2)) are
      very similar to the original GC fraction in the GC and m5C contents as well as in
      the amount of m5C in the respective pyrimidine isostichs. GC fraction I differs
      from the total GC fraction in a lower pyrimidine clustering degree. In total DNA
      and in GC and AT fractions m5C is found in mono- (34-40% of total m5C), di-(26
      30%) and in all longer pyrimidine isostichs. It is suggested that in plants there
      exist many types of DNA sequences to be methylated as well as many respective DNA
      methylases.

PMID- 683194
TI  - [Relationship between temperature and photophosphorylation in chloroplasts during
      pulse excitation and the coupling mechanism].

PMID- 683195
TI  - [Study of the acceptor portion of photosystem I according to the temperature
      relationships of P700 photoconversions].
AB  - The functioning of the acceptor part of photosystem I was studied by temperature
      dependence of time course of light induced absorbtion changes at 700 nm of
      digitonin chloroplast fragments, enriched by photosystem I. Partial
      irreversibility of P700 photooxidation at low temperatures and appearance of two
      components (rapid and slow) in the time course of P700+ dark reduction reflect
      the contribution of different acceptors in electron transport. Thermoinactivation
      of fragments incubation at acid pH or treatment by glutaraldehyde cause complete
      inhibition of irreversible P700 photooxidation and slow dark reduction of P700+
      at -170 degrees. The slow component of P700+ reduction and irreversible
      photooxidation of P700 are ascribed to contribution of secondary ferredoxin
      acceptors. The accurence of rapid component of P700+ dark reduction in light
      induced signal of treated fragments indicate that this component is due to
      recombination of reduced primary acceptor and P700+. Because only one electron
      transport takes at -170 degrees, the occurence of rapid and slow components in
      dark decay kinetics of P700+ suggests, that secondary acceptors of some reaction
      centers are incapable to reduction at -170 degrees. The shape of temperature
      dependence curve of the slow P700+ reduction component is interpreted as an
      indication of the tunneling electron transport.

PMID- 683196
TI  - [Transcription and the composition of chromatin isolated from rat liver cells
      after cortisone administration].
AB  - The effect of removal of various protein fractions on the patterns of
      transcription of the chromatin isolated from rat liver nuclei after cortisone
      administration has been studied. The RNA synthesized in vitro on the protein
      depleted chromatin templates was investigated by competitive hybridization
      technique with the nuclear RNA synthesized in vivo. Extraction of chromatin with
      0.7 M NaCl (removal of histone H1 and a part of loosely bound nonhistone
      proteins) did not interfere with the synthesis of the hormone-specific RNA
      population on chromatin templates. However, treatment of chromatin with 1.0 M
      NaCl fully eliminated the hormone-related pattern of transcription.
      Electrophoretic analysis demonstrated that the fractional composition of
      chromatin proteins is changed under the action of cortisone. An additional
      protein fraction specific for the hormone-activated chromatin with a lower
      electrophoretic mobility than H1 histone was found by electrophoresis at pH 2.7.
      Using the method of SDS electrophoresis, the additional subfraction of H1 histone
      was observed and the amount of protein located between H1 and H3 histones
      increase as the result of cortisone injection.

PMID- 683197
TI  - [Role of the ribose residue of substrates in reactions catalyzed by
      ribonuclease].
AB  - The rate constants and Km for the hydrolysis of the optically active
      nonglycosidic analogues of the CpA and C greater than p catalysed by RNase A and
      RNase BS-I were measured. The rate of hydrolysis of the model substrates in 10(5)
      and 10(3) slower that for the appropriate dinucleoside phosphate and nucleoside
      cyclophosphate. However, substitution of the relatively rigid ribofuranose ring
      with flexible alifatic chains is accompanied by little variation in binding
      constants. The analyses based on the single substrate system indicate that the
      observed difference in rate constants must be accounted for by a difference
      between the binding of the substrates in the transition state to the RNase active
      site. Consequently, the "rigidity" of the ribose rings in RNA leads to large
      decreases in the free energy of activation for the reactions catalysed by RNases.

PMID- 683198
TI  - [Absorption spectrum and magnetic circular dichroism of heme-containing proteins
      in nonequilibrium states. I. Hemoglobin and its derivatives].
AB  - Absorption and magnetic circular dichroism spectra of nonequilibrium states of
      hemoglobin and its derivatives formed by reduction oxidased forms of hemoproteins
      by thermalysed electrons at 77 degrees K were studied. Mixtures of low spin and
      high spin ferroforms were observed for nonequilibrium hemoglobin and its
      complexes with inosithexaphosphate and fluorine. The content of the high spin
      form increasing as follows: hemoglobin, complex with inosithexaphosphate, complex
      with fluorine. Only low spin forms were found for cyanide and azide complexes of
      hemoglobin reduced at low temperature. The spectral differences of nonequilibrium
      low spin ferroforms were supposed to be due to the presence of different ligands
      in the coordination sphere of the heme iron. The alpha-band splitting was
      observed for the nonequilibrium imidazole complex of hemoglobin. This effect was
      explained by a lowe-ring of the active centre's symmetry. The temperature
      relaxation of all nonequilibrium systems was investigated.

PMID- 683199
TI  - [Genetics and genetic counselling in childhood epilepsy (author's transl)].
AB  - According to electroencephalographical studies on the pathogenesis of epilepsy a
      hereditary predisposition plays a greater role than believed before. It is far
      more frequent than the manifest disease. The phenomenon of cerebral excitability
      is influenced by different genetically determined, differently age- and
      sexdependent but amongst each other independent factors. When defining the risk
      of epilepsy for siblings and descendents in practice, one is forced to proceed
      from the statistical empirical value with all its uncertainty. During the past
      few years, the figures have become more exact for special types of epilepsy as
      absence-epilepsy, myoclonic astatic Petit mal, and Impulsiv-Petit mal. Details of
      these results and their consequences for genetic advice are discussed.

PMID- 683200
TI  - [Ratio of primidone to phenobarbital serum levels as a criterion in the
      assessment of anticonvulsive therapy with primidone (author's transl)].
AB  - Serum levels of primidone and phenobarbital were measured and showed a relatively
      constant ratio in patients under primidone monotherapy. In outpatients, however,
      this ratio was lower and the range of its values wider than in hospitalized
      children, and the difference was significant (1:2.05 or 1:2.95). The reason for
      this turned out to be irregular intake of the drug by the outpatients. The ratio
      of primidone to phenobarbital serum levels offers itself as a control of
      regularity of intake of primidone.

PMID- 683201
TI  - [Pharmacokinetic investigations on sisomicin in children (author's transl)].
AB  - Sisomicin is an aminoglycoside effective against gramnegative germs. The
      sensitiveness of coli, proteus, pseudomonas and klebsiella ranges from 0,1 to 0,4
      mcg/ml. Germs with inhibition-values of up to 1 mcg/ml are certainly Sisomicin
      sensitive. The side-effects of Sisomicin resemble those of other aminoglycosides,
      as for instance lesions of the VIIth cranial nerve and the kidney. Since
      aminoglycosides have a relatively small therapeutic range between toxicity and
      effective minimal-concentration, investigations are important especially in
      children. 66 children of different age groups received Sisomicin in doses of 3
      mg/kg, 2 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg, and examined pharmacokineticly. Serum-levels were
      measured after 30 min 1, 2, and 4h, in some cases also after 6 and 8 h. In a
      separate group we determined the values after 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 40 min. The
      urinary output was controlled and the content of Sisomicin in meconium
      determined. Based on these results we recommend an individual, Sisomicin dosage
      for each age group. Clinically the Sisomicin proved to be well tolerated and
      effective antibioticum.

PMID- 683202
TI  - [Theophylline for prevention of apnea in premature infants (author's transl)].

PMID- 683203
TI  - Food webs and niche space.

PMID- 683204
TI  - Actinomycosis of lymphatic nodes.

PMID- 683205
TI  - Elastolytical activity in vitro and in vivo of the mycelial and spore forms of
      the Trichophyton Verrucosum strains.

PMID- 683206
TI  - Relation between plasma and red-cell electrolyte concentrations and digoxin
      levels in children.
AB  - We determined alterations in plasma and red-cell electrolyte concentrations
      associated with digoxin administration in 11 children in heart failure, 24
      nontoxic patients receiving maintenance digoxin and 11 children in whom digoxin
      toxicity developed. Twenty normal children served as controls. Digoxin therapy
      was associated with a mean (+/- S.E.M.) increase in red-cell sodium from a
      pretreatment level of 6.2 +/- 0.7 meq per liter to 11.9 +/- 1.2 meq per liter and
      a decrease in red-cell potassium from 105.4 +/- 1.4 to 99.5 +/- 1.9 meq per liter
      (P less than 0.001). The red-cell sodium levels of toxic patients exceeded those
      of nontoxic patients whereas the potassium concentrations were lower (P less than
      0.001). Toxic patients manifested significantly higher ratios of red-cell sodium
      to red-cell potassium (0.213 +/- 0.003) than nontoxic patients (0.085 +/- 0.008;
      P less than 0.001). Changes in red-cell electrolytes are sensitive indicators of
      digoxin affects.

PMID- 683207
TI  - Oral contraceptives and birth defects.
AB  - We reviewed the birth certificates and hospital records of 7723 infants those
      mothers had reported using oral contraceptives. The overall frequency of
      malformation was 4.3 per cent for infants whose mothers terminated use of oral
      contraceptives shortly before conception, as compared with 3.3 per cent for
      infants whose mothers did not take oral conceptives diring the three years before
      conception. The 90 per cent confidence limits for the prevalence ratio were 1.0
      and 1.7. No difference was apparent for major malformations. For specific
      malformations the most notable difference was for undescented testis, but this
      excess, like the overall excess, could be explained by sampling variability.
      Despite the slightly greater rate of minor malformations in the short-interval
      group, a reasonable interpretation of these data would be that oral
      contraceptives present no major teratogenic hazard.

PMID- 683208
TI  - Optic neuropathies.

PMID- 683209
TI  - Oral-contraceptive use and bacteriuria in a community-based study.

PMID- 683210
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 35-1978.

PMID- 683211
TI  - Digitalis: ions, inotropy and toxicity.

PMID- 683212
TI  - Special report on Laetrile: the NCI Laetrile Review. Results of the National
      Cancer Institute's retrospective Laetrile analysis.
AB  - The National Cancer Institute, in response to widespread public interest,
      undertook a retrospective analysis of Laetrile treatment. Only cases thought to
      have shown objective benefit from Laetrile were solicited by mail request to
      385,000 physicians and 70,000 other health professionals and by direct contact
      with pro-Laetrile groups. Although it is estimated that at least 70,000 Americans
      have used Laetrile, only 93 cases were submitted for evaluation. Twenty-six of
      these Laetrile cases had to be eliminated because of insufficient documentation,
      and an equal number of conventionally treated cases selected from the institute's
      files were added to the records to be analyzed. A panel of 12 oncologists, who
      had no knowledge of the actual treatments given, was then asked to evaluate the
      results of 160 courses of treatment (68 Laetrile, 68 chemotherapy, 24 "no
      treatment") in the abstracted records from 93 patients. The panel judged six
      Laetrile courses to have produced a response (two complete and four partial).
      These results allow no definite conclusions supporting the anti-cancer activity
      of Laetrile. The National Cancer Institute will use the data in deciding if
      further study is needed.

PMID- 683213
TI  - Carcinoma in a nipple preserved by heterotopic autoimplantation.

PMID- 683214
TI  - Granulomas and the diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 683215
TI  - Low hepatic triglyceride lipase in pancreatitis.

PMID- 683216
TI  - Ultrasonography in cholestatic jaundice.

PMID- 683217
TI  - Fever vs. hyperthermia.

PMID- 683218
TI  - Trichinosis.

PMID- 683219
TI  - Rubella vaccination: society and the individual.

PMID- 683220
TI  - The fetal alcohol syndrome.

PMID- 683221
TI  - Talc in drugs.

PMID- 683223
TI  - SI units: kilo-everthing.

PMID- 683222
TI  - Ponderous-purse disease.

PMID- 683224
TI  - Low positioning of umbilical-artery catheters increases associated complications
      in newborn infants.
AB  - We performed a randomized prospective study of the effect of placement position
      of umbilical-artery catheters on complication rates in high-risk newborn infants.
      A higher complication rate (31 of 40 vs. 13 of 33) (P less than 0.005) occurred
      in the group with the catheter tip at the third to fourth lumbar segment, as
      compared to those with the tip at the seventh to eighth thoracic segment, owing
      to more episodes of blanching and cyanosis of the extremities. There was no
      difference between groups in the rate of complications requiring catheter
      removal. Aortography revealed thrombosis in 21 of 23 patients studied, but there
      was no clinical evidence of impaired circulation. In retrospect, we found that,
      independently of catheter position, administration of antibiotics through the
      catheter was associated with an increased rate of complications (63 vs. 20 per
      cent). Umbilical-artery catheterization entails potential risks regardless of the
      position of the catheter; placement of the catheter with its tip at the seventh
      to eighth thoracic segment may be associated with fewer complications than at
      lower positions.

PMID- 683225
TI  - Urinary lipid and the Maltese cross.

PMID- 683226
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 36-1978.

PMID- 683227
TI  - Bronchopulmonary dysplasia and vitamin E.

PMID- 683228
TI  - Paternity and pedigree, from superfecundation to "test-tube" babies.

PMID- 683229
TI  - Coronary-artery disease after radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

PMID- 683230
TI  - Estrogen receptors and response of breast cancer to chemotherapy.

PMID- 683231
TI  - Scalp tourniquet in cancer therapy.

PMID- 683232
TI  - Antibody coating of urinary-tract bacteria.

PMID- 683234
TI  - Lear, Tolstoy and the medical student: wishing well-roundedness.

PMID- 683233
TI  - The academic mating game.

PMID- 683235
TI  - Lung cancer after employment in shipyards during World War II.
AB  - A case-control study, undertaken to identify reasons for the exceptionally high
      rate of lung cancer among male residents of coastal Georgia, revealed a
      significantly increased risk associated with employment in area shipyards during
      World War II. The summary relative-risk estimate, adjusted for smoking, other
      occupations, age, race and county of residence was 1.6 (95 per cent confidence
      limits = 1.1 to 2.3). A synergistic relation was found between shipyard
      employment and cigarette smoking. These findings suggest that asbestos and
      possible other shipyard exposures during wartime employment account for part of
      the excess mortality from lung cancer in certain coastal areas of the United
      States.

PMID- 683236
TI  - The doctors' dilemma.

PMID- 683237
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 37-1978.

PMID- 683238
TI  - Lung cancer in shipyard workers: a plea for prevention.

PMID- 683239
TI  - Who will train all those primary-care physicians?

PMID- 683240
TI  - Sounding boards. General internal medicine, family practice or something better?

PMID- 683241
TI  - Primary-care education in multiple specialties: dilemmas and opportunities.

PMID- 683242
TI  - Pulmonary embolism in a homocystinuric patient during treatment with dipyridamole
      and acetylsalicylic acid.

PMID- 683243
TI  - Nystatin prophylaxis in leukemia and lymphoma.

PMID- 683244
TI  - Does indocyanine green predict lidocaine requirements?

PMID- 683245
TI  - Absence of vascular disease in diabetic dwarfs deficient in growth hormone.

PMID- 683246
TI  - Sympathetic block for herpes zoster.

PMID- 683247
TI  - Abdominal mass in an elderly woman.

PMID- 683248
TI  - CT scanner race: United States declared winner and/or loser.

PMID- 683249
TI  - Fluoridation and mortality.

PMID- 683250
TI  - Concurrent quality assurance.

PMID- 683251
TI  - Hyperphenylalaninemia due to a deficiency of biopterin. A variant form of
      phenylketonuria.
AB  - We studied the components of the hepatic phenylalanine hydroxylating system in a
      child with phenylketonuria who showed substantial neurologic impairment despite
      early dietary control of elevated blood phenylalanine levels. Phenylalanine
      hydroxylase, dihydropteridine reductase and dihydrofolate reductase activities
      were normal. In contrast the level of hydroxylation cofactor,
      tetrahydrobiopterin, in liver was only 10 per cent of normal. In addition to this
      hepatic deficiency, serum and urinary levels of biopterin-like compounds were
      low, and the serum biopterin did not increase in response to a phenylalanine load
      as it does in normal and phenylketonuric subjects. The phenylalanine hydroxylase
      activity in this child, as determined by an in vivo tritium-release assay, was
      2.3 per cent of the normal value. These results indicate that the child suffers
      from a variant form of phenylketonuria--a deficiency of a functional
      phenylalanine hydroxylating system secondary to a defect in biosynthesis of
      biopterin.

PMID- 683252
TI  - Growth and development in children with sickle-cell trait. A prospective study of
      matched pairs.
AB  - To ascertain if sickle-cell trait (Hb AS) impairs physical growth and cognitive
      development, we prospectively investigated 50 matched pairs of black children.
      For each child with Hb AS, an Hb AA child was matched at birth for sex, birth
      date, birth weight, gestational age, five-minute Apgar score and socioeconomic
      status. Between the ages of three and five years, the members of each matched
      pair were evaluated, with one month of one another, by persons "blind" to the
      hemoglobin genotype. Twelve outcome measurements were obtained at evaluation:
      height, weight, head circumference, skin-fold thickness, cross-sectional area of
      arm muscle, bone age, five scores of the McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities,
      and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test. There were no statistically significant
      differences in these measurements favoring the AA group. The results show that
      children with sickle-cell trait in this age group have no deficits in standard
      measurements of growth and development and emphasize the importance of rigorous
      methods when clinical groups are assembled and compared.

PMID- 683253
TI  - A cancer-associated galactosyltransferase isoenzyme.

PMID- 683254
TI  - By the London post. Extrauterine conception--more uniformity?--operation dump.

PMID- 683255
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 38--1978.

PMID- 683256
TI  - Something's new in PKU.

PMID- 683257
TI  - Analgesic-associated nephropathy. An important cause of renal disease in the
      United States?

PMID- 683258
TI  - Sounding board. Health education: panacea, pernicious or pointless?

PMID- 683259
TI  - In vitro sensitivity of cancer cells to antitumor agents.

PMID- 683260
TI  - Meningoencephalitis after influenza inoculation.

PMID- 683261
TI  - Medical malpractice.

PMID- 683262
TI  - Hot hog: hyperthermia from phencyclidine.

PMID- 683263
TI  - Washington report. Science's human-rights dilemma.

PMID- 683264
TI  - A syndrome of methylmalonic aciduria, homocystinuria, megaloblastic anemia and
      neurologic abnormalities in a vitamin B12-deficient breast-fed infant of a strict
      vegetarian.
AB  - We studied a six-month-old infant with severe megaloblastic anemia, coma and
      hyperpigmentation of the extremities. He was found to have methylmalonic aciduria
      (79 mumol per milligram of creatinine) and homocystinuria (0.85 mumol per
      milligram of creatinine). Additional biochemical abnormalities included
      cystathioninuria, glycinuria, methylcitric aciduria, 3-hydroxypropionic aciduria
      and formic aciduria. The concentration of vitamin B12 in the serum was 20 pg per
      milliliter. This severe nutritional deficiency was a consequence of inadequate
      intake, for the infant was exclusively breast-fed by a strictly vegetarian mother
      who manifested methylmalonic aciduria. Our observations emphasize the importance
      of educating strict vegetarians about the deficiency of vitamin B12 in their
      diets and the importance of vitamin B12 supplementation.

PMID- 683265
TI  - Effect of fetal monitoring on neonatal death rates.
AB  - We analyzed data from 15,846 live-born infants to assess the effect of electronic
      fetal monitoring on neonatal death rates. The crude neonatal death rate was 1.7
      times higher in unmonitored infants than in those monitored. Adjusting for
      inherent risk and changes in mortality rates and monitoring rates during the
      years of the study lowered the relative risk to 1.4 (95 per cent confidence
      interval, 0.85 to 2.45). The estimated yield from monitoring decreased as the
      inherent risk of the baby declined. Thus, in the highest-risk group 109 lives
      might be saved for every thousand babies monitored. In the lowest risk group
      (babies at term with no risk factors) the neonatal death rate is around one per
      thousand. The absolute benefit for this large group could therefore not exceed
      one life saved for every thousand babies monitored.

PMID- 683266
TI  - The autopsy: its decline and a suggestion for its revival.
AB  - The hospital autopsy rate in the United States dropped from 41 per cent in 1964
      to 22 per cent in 1975. This reduction is attributable to a declining interest
      for many reasons by clinicians, surgeons, pathologists, families of the deceased
      and hospital administrators and hospital accreditors. Various advances in
      medicine and surgery in recent years have not replaced the value of the autopsy;
      indeed they have increased the potential information to be gained from it. For
      interest in autopsies to be revived among physicians and surgeons, pathologists
      must provide more expert information from the autopsy. To provide the type of
      information sought from autopsies by physicians and surgeons, the training of
      pathologists must be altered so that there can be more specialization in anatomic
      pathology and more subspecialization in the various organ systems, as in internal
      medicine. In addition, the means of communication between anatomic pathologists
      and clinicians needs altering so that important clinical questions are recognized
      by pathologists, and the answers sought and promptly, understandably and
      diplomatically communicated to physicians and surgeons. Moreover, the large body
      of information obtained in recent years from autopsies alone needs to be better
      recognized by clinicians so that they may better understand the value of these
      examinations.

PMID- 683267
TI  - Partial splenectomy for staging Hodgkin's disease: risk of false-negative
      results.

PMID- 683268
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 32-1978.

PMID- 683269
TI  - Nutrient deficiencies in breast-fed infants.

PMID- 683270
TI  - Sounding board. Violations of human rights: torture and the medical profession.

PMID- 683271
TI  - Transfusions and erythropoiesis in beta-thalassemia.

PMID- 683272
TI  - Molecular basis of proteinuria.

PMID- 683273
TI  - Cause of acute renal failure in legionnaires' disease.

PMID- 683274
TI  - Taking care of the hateful patient.

PMID- 683275
TI  - Hyperglucagonemia and its suppression. Importance in the metabolic control of
      diabetes.
AB  - The role of glucagon in diabetes was studied in four patients with juvenile-type
      diabetes during continuous insulin infusion and a diet containing 150 g per day
      of carbohydrate. During insulin alone, plasma glucagon, measured at two-hour
      intervals, averaged 182 +/- 34 pg per milliliter, glucose 269 +/- 11 mg per
      deciliter, glucose excretion 52 +/- 8 g per 24 hours, ketone excretion 1.3 +/-
      0.3 mmol per 24 hours, and urea nitrogen 12 +/- 2 g per 24 hours (mean +/-
      S.E.M.). Somatostatin (2 mg per day) lowered glucagon to 60 +/- 13 pg per
      milliliter, glucose to 111 +/- 17 mg per deciliter, glucose excretion to 1 +/-
      0.7 g per 24 hours, ketone excretion to 0.5 +/- 0.2 mmol per 24 hours and urea
      nitrogen excretion to 8 +/- 2 g per 24 hours. Replacement of glucagon raised
      glucagon to 272 +/- 30 pg per milliliter, glucose to 202 +/- 20 mg per deciliter,
      glucose excretion to 14 +/- 7 g per 24 hours, ketone excretion to 0.8 mmol per 24
      hours and urea nitrogen excretion to 11 +/- 2 g per 24 hours. In a subsequent
      study, similar improvement occurred on a diet of 30 g of carbohydrate daily, when
      absorption of dietary glucose was negligible. Hyperglucagonemia has an important
      role in diabetes; its correction reduces diabetic abnormalities to or toward
      normal.

PMID- 683276
TI  - Preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen level as a prognostic indicator in
      colorectal cancer.
AB  - We examined the relation of carcinoembryonic antigen levels to time, site and
      extent of recurrence in 358 patients with colorectal cancer. The recurrence rate
      was higher in patients with Dukes' B and Dukes' C lesions who had preoperative
      levels higher than 5 ng per milliliter. There was a linear inverse correlation
      between preoperative levels and estimated mean time to recurrence in patients
      with Dukes' B and C lesions, ranging from 30 months for a level of 2 to 9.8
      months for a level of 70 ng per milliliter. In patients with Dukes' C lesions the
      median time to recurrence was 13 months if preoperative levels were higher than 5
      ng per milliliter, and 28 months if they were lower. Preoperative
      carcinoembryonic antigen levels in patients with resectable Dukes' B and C cancer
      provided an additional criterion for allocating these patients to groups at high
      or low risk for recurrence.

PMID- 683277
TI  - Annual discourse--unproved hypotheses.

PMID- 683278
TI  - An assessment of patient-related economic costs in an outbreak of salmonellosis.

PMID- 683279
TI  - Localization of pheochromocytoma by computed tomography.

PMID- 683280
TI  - Notes of a biology-watcher. On magic in medicine.

PMID- 683281
TI  - By the London post. Drifting off course--selecting senior residents--students'
      fears.

PMID- 683282
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 34-1978.

PMID- 683283
TI  - CAT scanners and pheos: diagnostic and policy issues.

PMID- 683284
TI  - Sounding boards. The Federal Trade Commission enters a new arena: health
      services.

PMID- 683285
TI  - Advertising in medicine--a physician's perspective.

PMID- 683286
TI  - Cimetidine in pancreatitis.

PMID- 683287
TI  - Propranolol in insulin-dependent diabetes.

PMID- 683288
TI  - Dermatologic manifestation of viral hepatitis.

PMID- 683289
TI  - Transient autoimmune hemolytic anemia and pulmonary tuberculosis.

PMID- 683290
TI  - Granulocyte transfusions for prevention of infection.

PMID- 683291
TI  - Fenoprofen and agranulocytosis.

PMID- 683292
TI  - Low blood hematocrits in male Army volunteers during basic training.

PMID- 683293
TI  - Meningitis caused by Neisseria lactamica.

PMID- 683294
TI  - Rheumatoid arthritis in the mother of five siblings with congenital heart block.

PMID- 683295
TI  - Pertussis vaccine.

PMID- 683296
TI  - Disopyramide and quinidine.

PMID- 683297
TI  - Reference standards for osmometry.

PMID- 683299
TI  - Speaking the unspeakable.

PMID- 683298
TI  - Racquetball wrist.

PMID- 683300
TI  - Neurotoxins may go unrecognised.

PMID- 683301
TI  - What do the polyamines do?

PMID- 683302
TI  - New transposons.

PMID- 683303
TI  - Neoplastic transformation induced by a direct perturbation of DNA.
AB  - Treatment of Syrian hamster embryo cells with 5-bromodeoxyuridine followed by
      near ultraviolet irradiation results in neoplastic transformation of these cells.
      This demonstrates that a direct perturbation of DNA is sufficient to initiate
      neoplastic transformation.

PMID- 683304
TI  - Evidence for dominant mutations reducing HGPRT activity.

PMID- 683305
TI  - Pharmacological control of prostaglandin and thromboxane release from
      macrophages.

PMID- 683306
TI  - Opposing effects of tumor promoters on erythroid differentiation.

PMID- 683307
TI  - Oestrogen modulates progestin receptor concentrations in some rat brain regions
      but not in others.

PMID- 683308
TI  - Direct evidence for presynaptic and postsynaptic dopamine receptors in brain.

PMID- 683309
TI  - Composition of acetylcholine receptor protein from skeletal muscle.

PMID- 683310
TI  - Disorganised and 'excessive' reinnervation of frog cardiac ganglia.

PMID- 683311
TI  - Pharmacological evidence for 'fast' sodium channels in nonspiking neurones.

PMID- 683312
TI  - Laser photo-CIDNP as a surface probe for proteins in solution.

PMID- 683314
TI  - International study of short-term carcinogenicity tests.

PMID- 683313
TI  - Science for the people.

PMID- 683315
TI  - The ribosome: still a knotty problem.

PMID- 683316
TI  - Excisability and persistence of benzo(a)pyrene DNA adducts in epithelioid human
      lung cells.

PMID- 683317
TI  - Interferon affects both G1 and S+G2 in cells stimulated from quiescence to
      growth.

PMID- 683318
TI  - In vivo immunisation and reaction against TNP-modified splenocytes.

PMID- 683319
TI  - Induction of specific antibodies to poly(ADP-ribose) in rabbits by double
      stranded RNA, poly(A)-poly(U).

PMID- 683320
TI  - Transformation-specific antigen induced by oncogenic human adenovirus.

PMID- 683321
TI  - Localisation and characterisation of aminopeptidases in the CNS and the
      hydrolysis of enkephalin.

PMID- 683322
TI  - New factor released by cultured glioma cells supporting survival and growth of
      sensory neurones.

PMID- 683323
TI  - Neurotoxins in Venice.

PMID- 683324
TI  - Estimating human mutation rates from polymorphisms.

PMID- 683325
TI  - Selfish genes, evolutionary games, and the adaptiveness of behaviour.
AB  - The science of sociobiology, which began in principle with the work of Fisher and
      Haldane and has more recently been developed by Hamilton, Maynard Smith, Trivers,
      Wilson and others, has been the centre of both scientific and political
      controversy. Dr Parker discusses the strengths and weaknesses of the approach,
      and illustrates that behaviour can be adapted in a complex way in conformity with
      sociobiological theory.

PMID- 683326
TI  - Sensory neurones recognise defined pathways in Drosophila central nervous system.
AB  - An analysis of the central projection of various sensory neurones in the
      homoeotic mutant bithorax postbithorax, and in flies where an adult nerve had
      been experimentally misrouted, reveals that neurones are able to develop a normal
      projection even if they enter the central nervous system at an unusual place.

PMID- 683327
TI  - Specific suppression of antigen-reactive cells in neonatal transplantation
      tolerance.

PMID- 683328
TI  - Binding of 3H-neuroleptics and 3H-apomorphine in schizophrenic brains.

PMID- 683329
TI  - Ventromedial hypothalamus modulates fat mobilisation during fasting.

PMID- 683330
TI  - Synaptic channel gating differences at snake twitch and slow neuromuscular
      junctions.

PMID- 683331
TI  - Selective inhibitors of biosynthesis of aminergic neurotransmitters.

PMID- 683332
TI  - A circulating variant of human proalbumin.

PMID- 683333
TI  - Trypsin-binding IgG in cystic fibrosis.

PMID- 683334
TI  - Direct analysis of the chromosome constitution of human spermatozoa.

PMID- 683335
TI  - Evidence for translation of rabbit globin mRNA after liposome-mediated insertion
      into a human cell line.

PMID- 683336
TI  - Translation of rabbit globin mRNA introduced by liposomes into mouse lymphocytes.

PMID- 683338
TI  - X-ray dose farctionation and oncogenic transformations in cultured mouse embryo
      cells.

PMID- 683337
TI  - No evidence for a central serotonergic mechanism in arrhythomogenic effects of
      deslanoside.

PMID- 683339
TI  - Pakistan needs indigenous medicine.

PMID- 683340
TI  - Electrophoretic movement and localisation of acetylcholine receptors in the
      embryonic muscle cell membrane.
AB  - A steady electric field of 30 mV across a single embryonic muscle cell produces
      accumulation of acetylcholine receptors toward one pole of the cell within 1 h.
      The movement is electrophoretic in nature and the accumulation results in the
      formation of stable, metabolically independent receptor aggregates.

PMID- 683341
TI  - Does colour provide an input to human motion perception?

PMID- 683342
TI  - Initiation of chemical carcinogenesis requires cell proliferation.

PMID- 683343
TI  - Induction of extensive fimbrial branching in the adult rat brain.

PMID- 683344
TI  - Positive inotropism of vanadate in cat papillary muscle.

PMID- 683345
TI  - Study of the charge-state model for electrophoretic variation using isoelectric
      focusing of esterase-5 from Drosophila pseudoobscura.

PMID- 683346
TI  - Haem exposure as the determinate of oxidation-reduction potential of haem
      proteins.

PMID- 683347
TI  - Nitrates and nitrites cannot be eliminated.

PMID- 683348
TI  - The role of the electrogenic sodium pump in the potassium relaxation of the
      rabbit ear artery.
AB  - 1. The mechanism of the potassium-induced relaxation of contracted vascular
      smooth muscle has been studied in helical strips of rabbit ear artery by
      recording isometric tension and membrane potential. The arteries were stimulated
      with a standard concentration of 2 x10(-8) M noradrenaline producing about 20% of
      the maximal contractile response to noradrenaline. 2. At K+ concentrations
      between 1.2 and 20.0 mM, a positive correlation was found between [K+]0 and the
      contractile response to noradrenaline, i.e. increasing [K+]0 enhanced the effect
      of noradrenaline. However, when noradrenaline was added after a 10 min exposure
      to reduced [K+]0 (1.2 mM) and [K+]0 was then increased to 5.9 mM after the
      tension had reached a plateau, a relaxation of about 50% occurred instead of the
      expected increase in tension. The relaxation was preceded by a membrane
      hyperpolarization of about 8 mV. 3. A biphasic change of both membrane potential
      and tension resulted when, after exposure of arterial strips to 1.2 mM K+ and
      stimulation with noradrenaline, [K+]0 was increased to 20.0 mM: hyperpolarization
      and relaxation developed faster than at 5.9 mM K+, but after 1 min the
      hyperpolarization changed to a depolarization followed by an increase in tension.
      4. Ca2+-free solution and D 600 (an inhibitor of Ca2+ transmembrane flux)
      diminished, but did not abolish, the tension response to noradrenaline; in the
      presence of D 600, the hyperpolarization upon increasing [K+]0 after a previous
      exposure to 1.2 mM K+ was not affected, but a relaxation no longer occurred. 5.
      It is concluded that a) electrogenic ion transport causes the hyperpolarization
      that occurs when [K+]0 is increased after a period of exposure to low [K+]0; b)
      the hyperpolarization leads to relaxation by blocking the influx of extracellular
      Ca2+, but does not affect that component of the contractile response which is due
      to the release of intracellular Ca2+.

PMID- 683349
TI  - A comparative study of the uptake and metabolism of noradrenaline and adrenaline
      by the isolated saphenous vein of the dog.

PMID- 683350
TI  - Changes of dopamine beta-hydroxylase activity in human plasma during prolonged
      overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system in various diseases.

PMID- 683351
TI  - Comparison of the thermoregulatory responses to intracerebroventricularly
      injected dopamine and noradrenaline in the sheep.
AB  - The thermoregulatory effects of dopamine (DA), given by intracerebroventricular
      (i.c.v.) injection to sheep, have been examined and compared with those of i.c.v.
      noradrenaline (NA). At ambient temperatures (Ta) of 20 degrees and 30 degrees C
      both DA (200 nmol . kg-1) and NA (100 nmol . kg-1) induced constriction of the
      ear vessels, a decrease in respiratory frequency and an increase in rectal
      temperature (Tr). At Ta of 10 degrees and 0 degrees C both substances caused a
      decrease in heat production and a fall in Tr. The DA receptor blocker spiroperone
      (30 nmol . kg-1, i.c.v.), which itself had a vasodilatatory effect at 20 degrees
      C Ta, blocked the peripheral vasoconstriction and slightly attenuated the rise in
      Tr normally caused by i.c.v. DA or NA at this Ta, but did not eliminate the
      suppression of respiratory frequency. During i.c.v. infusion, at 20 degrees C Ta,
      with the DA-beta-hydroxylase inhibitor FLA-63, the effect of i.c.v. DA on Tr was
      attenuated, while that of NA was enhanced. These results suggest that in sheep
      central thermoregulatory system there are DA receptors which stimulate the
      pathway that controls peripheral vasomotor tone. The inhibitory effect of NA and
      DA on heat production and evaporative heat loss is probably mediated by
      noradrenergic receptors, which can also be activated by DA both directly and
      after its conversion to NA.

PMID- 683352
TI  - Effects of acetylcholine and atropine on the release of 14C-acetylcholine formed
      from U-14C-glucose in rat brain cortical and striatal prisms.

PMID- 683353
TI  - A compartmental model for hepatic transport of taurocholic acid in isolated
      perfused rat liver.
AB  - In order to characterize the transport of bile acids through the liver and to
      study the influence of drugs on these processes, a kinetic model for
      hepatobiliary transport of taurocholic acid (TC) using the isolated perfused
      liver was developed. After the system was brought to a steady state by infusing
      TC at a constant rate, a tracer dose of 14C-TC was injected into the medium. The
      medium disappearance of 14C-TC followed a first-order kinetic with a single rate
      constant. The plot of the biliary secretion rate of radioactivity versus time
      revealed a curve composed of at least three exponential components. From the
      described results and the present knowledge of hepatobiliary transport of bile
      acids we proposed a three compartment model, composed of a perfusion medium
      compartment and two liver compartments. Parameters calculated from the model
      constants agreed well with model-independent estimations. The influence of
      bromosulfophthalein (BSP) on the kinetic parameters was studied to compare the
      result with the known effect of BSP on hepatic transport of taurocholic acid. BSP
      decreased the constant describing the fractional transfer of taurocholic acid
      from medium into the liver, which is in agreement with the inhibition of hepatic
      uptake of taurocholic acid by BSP. Thus a three compartment model may adequately
      define the hepatobiliary transport of taurocholic acid in the isolated perfused
      rat liver.

PMID- 683354
TI  - Binding of benzo(a)pyrene metabolites to cellular DNA in perfused rat lungs.
AB  - The influence of pretreatment with monooxygenase inducers on total irreversible
      binding of metabolically activated [3H]-benzo(a)pyrene to cellular DNA and the
      formation of benzo(a)pyrene metabolite-deoxyribonucleoside adducts after
      cytochrome P-448 induction was studied in perfused rat lungs. Pretreatment with
      the cytochrome P-448 inducer beta-naphthoflavone increasing binding by a factor
      of 23. In lungs of induced animals, 0.45 pmoles of benzo(a)pyrene equivalents
      were bound per mg DNA. Binding to RNA and to protein was also considerably
      induced by beta-naphthoflavone. Phenobarbital treatment did not significantly
      increase binding to cellular macromolecules of rat lung. Analysis of hydrolyzed
      DNA of lungs from beta-naphthoflavone-treated rats by Sephadex LH 20
      chromatography revealed the formation of at least two nucleoside adducts with
      metabolically activated benzo(a)pyrene one of which is probably due to
      modification of the DNA with a benzo(a)pyrene-7, 8-dihydrodiol-9, 10-epoxide and
      the other to modification of DNA with secondary metabolites of benzo(a)pyrene
      phenols.

PMID- 683355
TI  - [Life expectancy following surgical treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysm].

PMID- 683356
TI  - [Spondylodiskitis in ankylosing spondylitis].

PMID- 683357
TI  - [Cardiomyopathy as a severe, reversible side effect of doxorubicin (adriamycin)].

PMID- 683358
TI  - [Side effects of a single large dose of laxative].

PMID- 683359
TI  - [A new drug: dopamine].

PMID- 683360
TI  - [Dynamics of neuronal reactions during elaboration of a conditioned defensive
      reflex to sound].
AB  - When elaborating and realizing defensive conditioned reflexes in cat cortex areas
      3 and 4 series of phases was distinguished in the neuronal reactions: initial
      response, short-lasting depression of activity, early and late after-discharges,
      activation after sound cessation. The initial response arose or was augmented
      during the beginning of the reflex elaboration (initial 5-15 stimuli
      combinations). After-discharges were relatively stabilized to the 20th-40th
      combinations. Conditioned motor reactions occurred 100-400 ms after the onset of
      the sound. Movements usually coincided with early after-discharges of cortical
      neurons during both real conditioned reflexes and initial period of trace
      reflexes. Differential neuronal reactions were elaborated with the same efficacy
      as positive ones. The conditoional stimulus reinforcement plays an important role
      not only in increasing neuronal excitability (which is significant for acquiring
      polysensory properties), but also in modifying after-discharges.

PMID- 683361
TI  - [Responses of pulvinar neurons in cats to presentation of moving visual stimuli].
AB  - Responses of 114 pulvinar neurons to stimulation by moving light spots were
      studied. Most neurons (79) displayed background activity, the mean frequency of
      discharges being about 10-25 imp/s. 35 neurons showed no background activity, 41
      neurons responded only to the movement of black stimuli, the rest being excited
      either by black or by light stimulus. The neurons were divided into two groups:
      those sensitive to the movement direction and those responding to two opposite
      directions of the movement by the equal numbers of discharges. A small number of
      neurons was observed responding to two opposite directions by regular bursts of
      spikes differently distributed in time (multimodal responses). Some neurons
      changed their nondirectional responses to the direction-sensitive ones after
      modifying the dimensions of the light spot.

PMID- 683362
TI  - [Functional organization of the tecto-thalamic link of the transcollicular
      afferent channel of the visual analyzer].
AB  - The distribution of the evoked potentials in pulvinar, lateralis posterior,
      posterior, suprageniculate and dorsolateral nuclei of the thalamus was studied on
      anesthetized cats after electric stimulation of the optic tract and the surface
      layers of the superior colliculus. It is found that the functional projections of
      the superior colliculus and the optic tract to the posterior thalamus differ from
      each other. A suggestion is made that the transcollicular afferent channel of the
      visual system is not reduced during evolution.

PMID- 683363
TI  - [Statistical study of the impulse activity of posterior hypothalamic neurons in
      the presence of local changes in its temperature].
AB  - Distribution of the intervals between spikes of 50 neurons in the posterior
      hypothalamus were studied in 17 unanesthetized rabbits. Three main types of the
      interspike-interval distribution were found in the thermoneutral zone: 1)
      unimodal, mode 2-4 ms; 2) unimodal, mode 16-512 ms; 3) bimodal, modes 2-10 ms and
      64-512 ms (the posterior hypothalamus temperature was 39.1 +/- 0.02 degrees C).
      When the posterior hypothalamus temperature was increased or decreased (by 0.5
      1.5 degrees C), changes in the initial interspike-interval distributions were
      observed in 11 neurons. The changes disappeared when the thermal stimuli were
      removed; 6 neurons (of 11) altered the mean firing rates too when the posterior
      hypothalamus temperature was changed.

PMID- 683364
TI  - [Lamellar structure of the dorsal cochlear nucleus in rats].
AB  - The lamellar ultrastructure of the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) was studied in
      frontal ultrathin wide sections of the nucleus which were placed on lead aprons
      and included all the nucleus layers. The electron-microscopic description of the
      different cell types and distribution of the axonal terminals are presented.
      Large branchy axonal terminals (6-8micron) with small spherical synaptic vesicles
      40-50 nm in diameter, small terminals (1-3 micron) with spherical synaptic
      vesicles (45-60 nm) and thin unmyelinated axons prevail in the surface and middle
      layers of the neuropile as compared to the deep layer. The number of the
      myelinated axons and large oval terminals 4-6 micron in diameter with central
      distribution of mitochondria and neurofilaments as well as with spherical
      synaptic vesicles 50-60 nm in diameter increased from the middle layer to the
      deep one. The number of granular cells was larger in the surface and middle
      layers than in the deep one. The functional significance of each terminal type is
      discussed.

PMID- 683365
TI  - [Responses of cat cerebellar cortex neurons to stimulation of the caudate
      nucleus, globus pallidus and substantia nigra].
AB  - Impulsive responses (IR) of the Purkinje cells (PC) and other units of the
      cerebellar cortex in the paramedian lobules, lobulus simplex and tuber vermis
      were evoked by stimulation of nucleus caudatus (NC) in cats under chloraloze
      nembutal narcosis. The phasic IR as simple discharges (due to mossy fibre
      activation) were exhibited mainly with a latency of 5-12 and 14-20 ms; a latency
      of the compound responses ) due to climbing fibre PC activation) was equal to 5
      6, 9-22 ms and more. There were differences in rhythmic reproduction of the
      responses depending on their latency. The recruitment responses were found during
      a 4-6/s NC stimulation. There was an inhibitory pause as an obligatory component
      of the tonic neuronal responses. Reactions of the same types (phasic and tonic)
      as in the case of the NC stimulation, but differing in unit's quantitative
      distribution according to the latency appeared in the globus pallidus (GP)
      stimulation. The minimal latency was 4 ms. Recruitment was observed as well. The
      substantia nigra (SN) stimulation evoked PC responses, activated by the climbing
      fibres with a stable latency (8.5 +/- 0.3 ms). SN, GP, n. inferior olive as well
      as thalamic nuclei are considered to play a definite role in realizing caudate
      cerebellar connections, both oligosynaptic and polysynaptic.

PMID- 683366
TI  - [Action potentials of cat masseter muscle motor neurons evoked by stimulation of
      low-frequency infraorbital nerve afferents].
AB  - The responses of masseter motoneurons evoked by stimulation of the low-threshold
      infraorbital afferents by different number of stimuli were investigated in cats
      under chloralose-nembutal anesthesia. It is shown that 3-4 succesive stimuli (1.2
      of threshold) evoked action potentials in masseter motoneurons if their frequency
      was above 300/s. Stimulation of the infraorbital nerve by paired stimuli produced
      action potentials in these motoneurons when the interval between the stimuli was
      1.3-4.0 ms. With longer intervals only facilitation of the second EPSP was
      observed, the degree of facilitation varying from 0.2 to 1.0. A conclusion is
      made that the masseter motoneurons discharges can be produced by activation of
      the infraorbital nerve. A -fibres probably connected to rapidly adapting
      receptors of the vibrissae.

PMID- 683367
TI  - [Comparative analysis of the morphologic and physiologic characteristics of nodes
      of Ranvier].
AB  - The intravital light microscopic study of the Ranvier node and paranodal
      structure was carried out in the isolated nerve fibres of Rana ridibunda. For the
      same fibres the electro-physiological characteristics obtained by the voltage
      clamp method were compared with morphological ones. Definite correlations were
      found between the reduction of Na+ and K+ permeability constants and the degree
      of the paranodal myeline damage. The leakage conductance variations of the fibres
      under study did not exceed the normal range. High vulnerability of sodium and
      potassium systems seems to reflect a more complicated molecular organization of
      the electrically excitable Na+ and K+ channels as compared to nonexcitable
      leakage pathways. Essential changes of the Na+ channels properties caused by
      batrachotoxin were not accompanied by a visible alteration of the paranodal
      structure. The data obtained are discussed from the view point of modern ideas of
      the nature of axoglial relationships in myelinated nerve fibres.

PMID- 683368
TI  - [Quantitative description of a slowly inactivating barium current through the
      somatic membrane of mollusk neurons].
AB  - The slow-inactivating barium current was recorded under voltage clamp conditions
      from identified neurons of the snail Helix pomatia. Experimental data were
      analyzed using the Hodgkin-Huxley equations. The dependence of the steady-state
      value of the inactivation variable on membrane potential was obtained. Slow
      inactivating barium current was found to be proportional to the third power of
      the activation variable. The time constant of activation is strongly dependent
      upon the membrane potential.

PMID- 683369
TI  - [Cortico- and rubrofugal influences on interneurons of the superior cervical
      segments of the cat spinal cord].
AB  - Stimulation of the medullary pyramids and contra- and ipsilateral red nuclei
      produced short latent EPSPs in interneurons of the lateral part of Rexed's
      laminae V--VII of the C1--C3 segments of the cat spinal cord. Stimulation of the
      first and second cervical dorsal roots was not effective in exciting of these
      neurons. It is supposed that these interneurons represent a relatively
      specialized group which form, apparently, disynaptic cortico- and/or rubro
      motoneuronal pathways.

PMID- 683370
TI  - [Topographic relationships between pyramidal neurons and glial elements of the
      cat cerebral cortex].

PMID- 683372
TI  - [Periodic changes in primary afferent depolarization during fictitious locomotion
      in thalamic cats].
AB  - Dorsal root and cord dorsum potentials were recorded in lumbar segments L6, L7
      during fictitious locomotion of thalamic immobilized cats. Negative waves in the
      dorsal root potential and respectively positive waves in the cord dorsum
      potential appeared during periodic discharges in the ankle flexor nerve. The
      conclusion is made that central locomotor generator activity modulates the level
      of primary afferent depolarization.

PMID- 683371
TI  - [Horseradish peroxidase labeled sources of the spinobulbar and spinothalamic
      fiber systems of the cat brain].
AB  - A dense accumulation of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) positive neurons was found
      after bulbar HRP injections in the ipsilateral dorsal grey matter and in the
      intermediate zone on both sides. After thalamic injections the labelled neurons
      were located bilaterally in the ventral part of the intermediate zone. A
      conclusion is made that cells of the origin of the spinobulbar and spinothalamic
      tracts are located in the dorsal horn and in the intermediate zone of the spinal
      cord.

PMID- 683373
TI  - Effects of tumor cell culture supernatants on macrophages.
AB  - It is proved that supernatants of various tumor cell cultures, as well as cell
      free ascitic fluid and sera from tumor bearing animals induce the detachment of
      macrophages from glass, the loss of their ability to form pseudopodia, the
      inhibition of their migration and the permeability alteration of their membranes.
      The cytotoxic effect is not produced by normal tissues, excepting placenta. The
      effect of tumor cell culture supernatants depends on the characteristic evolution
      time of each tumor; irradiation diminishes this effect. The involvement of
      macrophages in immune surveillance and response makes the results interesting for
      the tumor-host immune relation.

PMID- 683374
TI  - Twenty-four-four rhythm in DNA synthesis, mitotic activity and mitosis duration
      in ascites tumor NK/LY.

PMID- 683375
TI  - The suitability of different quantitative methods for determination of the
      cytotoxic activity of agents in cell cultures.
AB  - Studies related to the measurement of growth inhibition of HeLa cells by 6
      Thioguanine (TG) and Vermiculine (V) have been described. Control and treated
      cell populations were enumerated as uniform suspensions of whole cells, prepared
      by standard treatment with trypsin. Determination of cell number, measurements of
      protein, DNA and RNA as well as of glucose consumption from the culture medium
      were made throughout the treatment with the studied drugs. It was apparent that
      the total cell number in control cultures was directly proportional to the total
      cell protein or nucleic acids. However, in both treated cultures the relationship
      between these parameters was disturbed as consequences to unbalanced growth which
      was an integral part of the cytotoxic reaction of the studied agents. From the
      results presented it followed that only the direct cell enumeration was suitable
      for the detection of agents' cytotoxicity.

PMID- 683376
TI  - 5-Hydroxy-6-methoxy-2-indolylcarboxylic and 6-hydroxy-5-methoxy-2
      indolylcarboxylic acids in the urine of hamsters with melanotic melanoma.
AB  - The isomeric metabolites, 5-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2-indolylcarboxylic and 6-hydroxy-5
      methoxy-2-indolylcarboxylic acids have been identified in the urine of hamsters
      bearing transplantable melanotic melanoma. Their identification was carried out
      by spectral and chromatographic comparison of the two isomers isolated from urine
      with the same compounds achieved synthetically.

PMID- 683377
TI  - Quantitative parameters of melanomas differentiation.
AB  - Melanin concentration which represents one of biochemical parameters expressing
      the degree of pigment cell differentiation was studied by new gravimetric
      procedure in human, Bomirski hamster, Harding-Passey mouse and horse melanomas
      and also in several non-tumor pigment tissues. In amelanotic varieties of human
      and hamster melanomas relatively high melanin level was discovered. This finding
      (together with known electron microscopic evidence of pre-melanosomes presence in
      some amelanotic melanomas) suggests that the term "amelanotic" is not correct.
      Comparison of melanin content between melanomas and normal pigment tissues
      clearly demonstrates in quantitative way that as for melanomas their
      proliferation does not decrease the degree of their biochemical differentiation.

PMID- 683378
TI  - The cell-mediated immunity in patients with malignant melanoma.
AB  - Cellular immunity in 22 patients with malignant melanoma and the blocking effect
      of their sera was followed by means of the leukocyte migration inhibition test.
      The migration of peripheral leukocytes from malignant melanoma patients was
      significantly inhibited in the presence of malignant melanoma antigen in 50% of
      examined patients and only in 2 cases in controls. The blocking activity of serum
      on migration inhibition was observed in 3 melanoma patients. From the results of
      the tests performed related to the two-years-course of the disease the conclusion
      may be drawn that the prognosis in patients with proved cellular hypersensitivity
      to malignant melanoma antigen is more favorable than in anergic individuals.

PMID- 683379
TI  - Prognostic factors in gastric carcinoma.
AB  - One hundred and thirty eight gastric carcinomas were studied histologically with
      special reference to the morphology of the tumor, its surrounding tissues and the
      regional lymph nodes. A special search was focused on the morphologic
      manifestations of possible host factors in association with gastric carcinoma.
      The most prominent findings were as follows: 1. The nuclear grade of the tumor
      was positively correlated with the 5-year survival rate of the patients. 2. The
      content of tumor-derived mucus was not a prognostic determinant. 3. The intensity
      of the stromal lymphocyte and plasma cell reactions did not affect the prognosis
      but was inversely related to the frequency of nodal metastases. 4. Sinus
      histiocytosis and nodal mast cell reactions were an important determinant of
      whether nodal metastases appear or not. 5. An active paracortical area of the
      lymph node was almost incompatible with the appearance of nodal metastases.

PMID- 683380
TI  - [Psychiatric postgraduate training in Western Europa (author's transl)].

PMID- 683381
TI  - [A research programme on rehabilitation of the mentally III:II. Cross-sectional
      study of chronic hospital patients in a modern psychiatric care-sector (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 683382
TI  - [Differences in parental behavior in the families of schizophrenic and of healthy
      young persons (author's transl)].

PMID- 683383
TI  - [Clinical and epidemiological findings of a psychogeriatric investigation in the
      soviet union (author's transl)].

PMID- 683384
TI  - [Kimura's recurring figures test: standardization on a german population-sample
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 683385
TI  - [Investigation of 80 migraine patients by means of three personality inventories
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 683386
TI  - [Schizophreniform psychosis following cerebral trauma (author's transl)].

PMID- 683387
TI  - [Neuropsychological assessment of stereopis in brain damaged patients (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 683388
TI  - [Dimension and human response (author's transl)].

PMID- 683389
TI  - [Possibilities and limits of psychiatry in developing countries? (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 683390
TI  - [Sleep disorders in psychiatric patients (author's transl)].

PMID- 683391
TI  - [The damaging effects of alcoholism on the offspring (author's transl)].

PMID- 683392
TI  - [Computer tomography in the diagnosis of cerebrovascular infarction (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 683393
TI  - [Electromyography of the oculomotor muscles: special features and problems
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 683394
TI  - [The family situation of children with severely mentally-ill parents. A
      preliminary assessment (author's transl)].

PMID- 683395
TI  - [Problems of case definition and case finding (author's transl)].

PMID- 683396
TI  - [Significance of sexual experience for the human psyche (author's transl)].

PMID- 683397
TI  - [Nosological differentiation of endogenous psychoses and neuroses (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 683398
TI  - [Application of the principles of the therapeutic community in practice (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 683399
TI  - [Paresis of the n. accessorius following an insect sting (author's transl)].

PMID- 683400
TI  - [Value of CSF findings in lumbar disc prolapse (author's transl)].

PMID- 683401
TI  - [Fahr's syndrome: a report on 3 cases (author's transl)].

PMID- 683402
TI  - [Perimetric testing of superior colliculus function in man: a case report
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 683403
TI  - Vascular consequences of maintenance hemodialysis--an uproven case.

PMID- 683404
TI  - Myoinositol--a uremic neurotoxin?
AB  - In 28 patients predialysis plasma myoinositol was significantly elevated to 10.8
      +/- 2.5 versus 0.75 +/- 0.15 mg/100 ml in normals (mean +/- 1 SD), and was weakly
      correlated with plasma creatinine concentrations (r = 0.42, p less than 0.05).
      Dialysis decreased plasma myoinositol concentrations to 3.5 +/- 1.1 mg/100 ml. In
      16 patients studied more extensively plasma myoinositol was similarly elevated to
      10.6 +/- 3.4 mg/100 ml, and spinal fluid myoinositol was increased to 9.4 +/- 2.3
      mg/100 ml (versus 2.7 +/- 0.7 in normals, p less than 0.001). Nerve conduction
      velocities were reduced in 15 and EEG tracings were abnormal in 12 of the 16
      patients. However, neither spinal fluid nor plasma myoinositol showed any
      correlation with nerve conduction velocities or EEG changes (r = 0.05-0.20, NS)
      Myoinositol is one of the substances retained in renal insufficiency but no
      indication was found that it is a toxin causing uremic neurological disturbances.

PMID- 683405
TI  - Studies of cell-mediated immunity in human glomerulonephritis by macrophage
      migration inhibition test.
AB  - Using the macrophage migration inhibition test (MIT), a total of 113 patients
      with various renal diseases, namely glomerulonephritis (GN), were studied for
      evidence of cell-mediated immunity to various soluble antigens prepared. The
      positive rate of MIT in the presence of streptococcal antigen, glomerular
      basement membrane antigen, renal tubular epithelial antigen and heat-aggregated
      IgG antigen was 15, 23, 16 and 15%, respectively. Out of 15 positive patients who
      were able to be evaluated with those four antigens, 9 cases exhibited cellular
      hypersensitivity to two or more antigens at the same time. These findings suggest
      that there is an abnormal cellular response to certain antigen or widespread cell
      mediated hypersensitivity to a variety of antigens in certain forms of human GN.

PMID- 683406
TI  - Spontaneous rupture of tendons. A complication of hemodialyzed patients treated
      for renal failure.
AB  - Rupture of ten major tendons occurred in 7 out of a total of 50 renal patients
      treated by chronic hemodialysis, in two renal units. The rupture occurred
      spontaneously without any special strain. Rupture was complete in five tendons
      and imcomplete in the other five. In 2 cases, rupture occurred simultaneously in
      both quadriceps tendons. In 1 case a single quadriceps and a triceps brachii
      tendon were affected together. In 3 cases one quadriceps tendon was affected and
      in the last case, one triceps  brachii tendon alone was ruptured. All the
      patients suffered from long-standing renal disease with severe secondary
      hyperparathyroidism. We are anable to explain the high incidence (15%) of this
      complication in our area. No local factors were found in our study.

PMID- 683408
TI  - Bilateral nephrectomy and chronic hemodialysis in renal failure due to diabetic
      nephropathy complicated by malignant hypertension and cerebral edema.

PMID- 683407
TI  - Changes in structure and function of rat kidney slices produced by low sodium.
AB  - The effects of a low Na medium on PAH transport, renal morphology, and acetate
      stimulation of PAH transport have been studied. Low Na inhibits PAH uptake and
      induces vacuolar formation in tubular cells. Both processes are reversible by
      reincubating in a high Na medium. Vacuolization appears temperature dependent
      being much greater at 37 than at 25 degrees C. Acetate uptake consists of a
      passive and an active component, neither of which is sodium dependent. Acetate
      stimulation of PAH uptake does, however, require Na. This latter observation
      suggests that Na may act by altering cell metabolism.

PMID- 683410
TI  - Effect of neurotoxic divalent cations on the activity of the intrinsic nerve
      ending membrane-associated sialidase of bovine brain.
AB  - Exposure to Hg2+ below 10 micrometer destroys synaptosomal membrane-associated
      sialidase of bovine brain in situ. Inhibition by Cu2+ occurs only at relatively
      higher concentrations, and is demonstrable after the synaptosomal membrane
      preparation has been presaturated with Cu2+ . Pb2+ does not inhibit enzymatic
      activity. Hg2+ does not exert a significant effect on the free energy of
      association of monomeric brain gangliosides into aggregates, or on the stability
      of the aggregate forms, as estimated by ultracentrifugal analysis of the ion
      independent moment of ganglioside micelles as a function of concentration. Hg2+
      inhibits synaptic membrane sialidase acting both in situ on the native
      sialocompounds in the membrane, or on exogenous ganglioside. Kinetic analyses of
      the exogenous activity in membranes exposed to Hg2+ reveal lowered Vmax values
      but no substantial change in Km for synaptosomal membrane gangliosides. These
      findings suggest that the powerful inhibitory effect exerted by Hg2+ on nerve
      ending membrane sialidase is enzyme directed, not substrate directed. It may be
      postulated that part of the neurotoxic effect of low levels of Hg2+ stems from an
      interference with synaptic metabolism by the destruction of membrane-associated
      sialidase. This enzyme can serve the purpose of modulation of synaptic negative
      charge density by releasing bound, strongly anionic, sialic acid from highly
      concentrated sialocompounds in the membrane.

PMID- 683409
TI  - Kinetic characteristics of the glutamate uptake into normal astrocytes in
      cultures.
AB  - Kinetics for uptake and release of glutamate were measured in normal, i.e.,
      nontransformed, astrocytes in cultures obtained from the dissociated, cortex
      enriched superficial parts of the brain hemispheres of newborn DBA mice. The
      uptake kinetics indicated a minor, unsaturable component together with an intense
      uptake following Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The Km (50 micrometer) was reasonably
      comparable to the corresponding values in brain slices and in other glial
      preparations. The Vmax (58.8 nmol min-1 mg-1 protein) was, however, much higher
      than that observed in glial cell lines or peripheral satellite cells, and also
      considerably higher than that generally reported for brain slices. The release of
      glutamate was much smaller than the uptake, and only little affected by an
      increase of the external glutamate concentration, suggesting a net accumulation
      of glutamate rather than a homoexchange. Such an intense accumulation of
      glutamate into normal astrocytes may play a major role in brain metabolism and
      may help keep the extracellular glutamate concentration below excitatory levels.

PMID- 683411
TI  - Influence of taurine dosage on cobalt epilepsy in mice.
AB  - The present work addresses itself to answering several questions in relations to
      the antiepileptic action of taurine (see "Introduction"). For this purpose,
      cobalt epileptic mice, treated with isoosmolar saline or not treated, was
      compared with groups of mice that had received doses of taurine varying between
      1.0 and 10.0 mg/kg. Whereas all the taurine doses employed effectively reduced
      seizure incidence, with 10.0 mg/kg giving the best results, none of these doses
      had ameliorated the amino acid abnormalities in the cortex after two days of
      treatment in comparison with the group that had received isoosmolar saline. On
      the contrary, the largest amino acid abnormalities occurred in the group of mice
      (10.0 mg/kg) that had improved the most clinically. We conclude that the acute
      antiseizure action of taurine, and its effect on restoring normal amino acid
      patterns in the cortex, represent two separate properties of taurine.

PMID- 683412
TI  - Effect of insulin-induced epileptic seizures on neutral glycolipids of rabbit
      cerebral cortex.
AB  - The neutral glycolipids of rabbit central cortex were analyzed during epileptic
      seizures produced by insulin or pentetrazol injection. The two agents gave
      similar results. A decrease of glycolipid content occurred in the cortex and in
      the neuronal fraction during seizures. The normal glycolipid level was restored
      during the recovery phase.

PMID- 683413
TI  - Some properties of phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase of rat brain.
AB  - Phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT, EC 2.1.1.28) was partially purified
      from rat brain. Brain homogenates were subjected to ultracentrifugation, salt
      fractionation, and gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. To compare the rat brain
      PNMT with that of adrenals, the same procedure was carried out with rat adrenal
      homogenates. The brain enzyme was eluted from Sephadex as a single fraction with
      a molecular weight of 26,900, while the enzyme from adrenals under the same
      conditions appeared in two fractions with molecular weights of 38,700 and
      108,500. The brain fraction separated on Sephadex G-100 was active on
      phenylethanolamine substrates and inactive on indoleamine and phenylethylamine
      substrates. Products of the enzyme reaction were identified by bidimensional thin
      layer chromatography as N-methyl derivatives of the corresponding amines. Kinetic
      studies showed that the type of inhibition of PNMT from rat brain and rat
      adrenals by SK&F 7698 was the same as described for PNMT from rabbit adrenals.
      Also, when normetanephrine and S-adenosyl-L-methionine were used as substrates,
      the apparent Km values found with PNMT from rat adrenals and rat brain were
      similar.

PMID- 683415
TI  - Congenital stenosis of the lumbar canal. A study of 60 cases.

PMID- 683414
TI  - Biopterin. III. Purification and characterization of enzymes involved in the
      cerebral synthesis of 7,8-dihydrobiopterin.
AB  - Three specific enzymes are involved in the cerebral synthesis of 7,8
      dihydrobiopterin from GTP. These were isolated, purified, and characterized. The
      first enzyme, also catalyzing the rate-limiting step, is GTP-cyclohydrolase A-I
      or Mg2+-dependent A-II, which hydrolyze the GTP to the specific product 2-amino-6
      (5-triphosphoribosyl)-amino-5-or-6-formamido-6-hydroxypyrimidine (FPyd-P3). FPyd
      P3 is cyclized by a synthetase to D-erythro-7,8-dihydroneopterintriphosphate
      (NPTH2-P3). The new enzyme, D-erythro-7,8-dihydroneopterintriphosphate synthetase
      (enzyme B) is a basic protein of 9177 daltons containing three free SH groups,
      isoleucyl-seryl- as N- and valyl-glutamyl- as C-terminals. This enzyme of 69
      amino acid residues from rat and 68 residues (one less aspartic acid) from guinea
      pig brain contains no hydroxyproline, methionine, or tryptophan. The enzyme from
      rat brain will gradually convert its product NPTH2-P3 to BH2, wherease the enzyme
      from guinea pig brain lacks this property. 2,4-amino-6-hydroxypyrimidine and
      dFPyd-P3 are effective inhibitors of this enzyme. The synthesis of BH2 from NPTH2
      P3, but not from 7,8-dihydroneopterin, is catalyzed by L-erythro-7,8
      dihydrobiopterin synthetase (enzyme C), which was purified to electrophoretic
      purity. This enzyme does not require pyridine nucleotides of Mc2+ for its
      catalysis.

PMID- 683416
TI  - Delayed necrosis of temporal lobe following radiation for pituitary adenoma.
      Report of two cases.

PMID- 683417
TI  - Ischemic-necrotic encephalopathy with optic atrophy in a case of systemic lupus
      erythematosus: clinico-pathologic report.

PMID- 683418
TI  - Late infantile neuronal ceroid-lipofuscinosis.

PMID- 683419
TI  - Orthostatic hypotension in lepromatous leprosy.

PMID- 683420
TI  - Brachial neuritis from mediastinal leiomyosarcoma.

PMID- 683422
TI  - Ulnar entrapment neuropathy at the wrist. Report of a case.

PMID- 683421
TI  - Traumatic intracranial aneurysm. A case report with a suggested definitive line
      of treatment.

PMID- 683423
TI  - A large anterior sacral meningocele.

PMID- 683424
TI  - Hydantoin induced lymphadenopathy. A case of report.

PMID- 683425
TI  - [Symptoms preceding rupture of subarachnoid aneurysms: an analysis].
AB  - In a group of 281 cases of subarachnoid haemorrhages including 105 cases of
      intracranial aneurysms confirmed on autopsy or by angiography the authors analyse
      the symptoms preceding subarachnoid haemorrhage and suggesting presence of
      aneurysm. The most frequent symptom suggesting presence of intracranial aneurysm
      were headaches, especially associated with other symptoms such as dizziness,
      nausea, paraesthesiae of extremities, visual disturbances. A careful analysis of
      these symptoms and early radiological examination may help in establishing the
      diagnosis of aneurysm before its rupture.

PMID- 683426
TI  - [Neurologic disorders in acute intermittent porphyria].
AB  - In a material of 28 patients with acute intermittent porphyria and 2 with mixed
      porphyria neurological disturbances occurring in acute attach and the degree of
      their persistence during remission were analysed. The obtained results indicate
      that the symptoms of acute attach are neurogenic. In the acute phase of the
      disease a reversible disturbance of function develops in the first place in the
      nerve fibres with acetylcholine-type of impulse transmission. Clinically
      detectable permanent signs of polyneuropathy were observed only in some cases
      with most severe and prolonged acute attack.

PMID- 683427
TI  - [Modified acupuncture in the treatment of pain].
AB  - The authors report the results of treatment with a modification of acupuncture
      associated with chemical stimulation in 144 patients with painful radicular
      syndromes and headaches. In 57 cases sciatic pains were present, in 21 cases
      shoulder pains, in 20 migraine and in 46 vasomotor headaches. Permanent
      disappearance of pain, that is disappearance of pain during the procedure and
      lack of recurrence within several successive days, was obtained in about 40% of
      cases of radicular syndromes and in 62% of cases of headaches, early
      disappearance of pain for 3 to 48 hours after the procedure was obtained in 14%
      of radicular syndromes and nearly 26% headaches, while improvement, that is
      reduction of pain intensity, was achieved in 29.5% of radicular pains and 3% of
      headaches, while in 15.3% of cases of radicular syndromes and 9% of cases of
      headaches no improvement was observed. Both vasomotor headaches and neuralgias
      belong to the group of nervous system diseases in which pain is the basic and
      sole symptom, while treatment includes its removal. In these cases acupuncture is
      a valuable analgesic method. The presently reported results agree with those in
      the literature on the use of classical acupuncture and its modifications. It is
      worth stressing that insertion of needles into the traditional points used in
      classical acupuncture is without any greater importance was shown by the
      presently reported experiences (various points were used in the same case) as
      well as by the reports of other authors. The modification of acupuncture with
      addition of chemical stimulation has been tried by the authors for 4 years. A
      weak stimulus resulting from insertion of the needle and irritation of the nerve
      endings with concentrated sodium chloride acts similarly as mechanical or
      electrical irritation. The method is simple and completely safe.

PMID- 683428
TI  - [Type of pain, personality traits and effectiveness of modified acupuncture].
AB  - In 50 patients with headaches and 50 with radicular pains pain sensitivity and
      pain tolerance as well as personality traits (Eysenck and Cattell questionnaire)
      were determined and a modification of acupuncture (with additional chemical
      stimulation) was used for treatment. The results of treatment were compared with
      personality traits. Differences were found in the personality traits between
      patients with paroxysmal headaches and patients with radicular pains. No
      statistically significant correlation was found, on the other hand, between the
      results of treatment and personality traits. The obtained results were best in
      the group of patients with paroxysmal headaches (permanent analgesic effect
      obtained in 70% of cases). The results of treatment obtained in the group of
      patients with continuous headaches and with radicular pains were similar. In
      patients with a lower threshold of pain sensitivity a higher proportion of
      permanent disappearance of pain was observed after treatment, and this
      observation may be useful for establishing indications to this therapy. Lack of
      any influence of personality traits on the result of this modified acupuncture
      may suggest that the basic analgesic action of these procedure is at lower levels
      of the nervous system and that it causes blockade of inflow of pain stimuli.

PMID- 683429
TI  - [Evoked cortical somatosensory potentials in painful cervicobrachial radicular
      syndromes].
AB  - The authors determined the subjective, objective and maximal pain threshold by
      means of electrical stimulation in two groups of subjects. Group I comprised
      healthy subjects, group II patients with right-sided radicular cervicobrachial
      pains. The method applied by the authors for objective determination of pain
      threshold with evoked cortical somatosensory potential differentiated both groups
      which suggests its practical usefulness in clinical practice and expertise.

PMID- 683430
TI  - [Evaluation of the bioavailability of Polfa phenytoin tablets].
AB  - Bioavailability of Phenytoin "Polfa" tablets was studied in comparison with
      Epanutin "Parke-Davis" capsules. It was found that the relative degree of
      bioavailability of Phenytoin in relation to Epanutin as a standard is 70,7 +/-
      6,3% (SD). The cause of worse bioavailability of Phenytoin "Polfa" are
      differences in pharmaceutical forms of both preparations. The necessity to
      increase an average dose of Phenytoin "Polfa" tablets is suggested to gain
      optimal concentration of diphenyl-hydantoin in serum, in therapeutic range.

PMID- 683431
TI  - [Pizotifen (Sandomigran) used in the treatment of parkinsonian tremor
      (preliminary communication)].
AB  - On the basis of the concepts connecting parkinsonian tremor with reduced amount
      of serotonin in the striatum and in the light of the hypothesis of an agonistic
      action of pizotifen in relation to serotonin a trial was undertaken to reduce
      parkinsonian tremor in 12 patients administering Sandomigran in daily doses of
      1.5 mg. A significant reduction of tremor was achieved in two-thirds of these
      patients. No side effects or increased intensity of other parkinsonian signs were
      observed.

PMID- 683432
TI  - [Diagnostic value of radioisotope cisternography in low-pressure hydrocephalus
      syndrome].
AB  - In the light of pneumoencephalographic investigations and radioisotope
      scinticysternography carried out in 22 patients with clinical manifestations
      suggesting the syndrome of Hakim the authors analyse the diagnostic usefulness of
      both methods. In all cases PEG demonstrated dilatation of the ventricular system,
      in 10 cases radioisotope cisternography showed abnormal passage of the
      cerebrospinal fluid, and in 8 of these cases ventricular reflux was found lasting
      at least 24 hours, while in 2 other cases absorption of the cerebrospinal fluid
      was impaired. On the basis of this material the authors believe that in cases of
      presence of ventricular reflux this investigation is very important for
      undertaking the decision of surgical treatment, besides that, the authors think
      that despite normal scintigraphic pattern in early stage of the disease the
      investigation should be repeated after from 10 to 20 months, since clinical
      symptoms may precede disturbances of cerebrospinal fluid passage detectable in
      cisternographic investigation.

PMID- 683433
TI  - [Rheoencephalographic and electroencephalographic changes in congenital heart
      defects].
AB  - The authors carried out rheoencephalographic, electrocardiographic,
      electroencephalographic, laboratory and radiological investigations in 30
      patients with valvular heart diseases in different stages of circulatory failure.
      In the analysis of EEG and REG tracings the degree of changes, their character
      and location were taken into account. The analysis of REG tracings included
      evaluation of their symmetry, amplitude, area of waves and synchronism of changes
      in the record. On the basis of these results and correlations found between them
      the authors have reached the following conclusions: 1. The morphological features
      of REG tracings depend on the character of arrhythmia, value of arterial blood
      pressure and efficiency of venous circulation. 2. In 26 patients REG
      investigations demonstrated presence of generalized changes varying in intensity.
      3. In 8 patients focal changes were present. 4. With increasing intensity of
      circulatory failure EEG and REG changes also increase in intensity. 5. EEG
      changes with abolition of reactions, scant morphological features and
      considerable decrease of amplitude may be the passive type of reaction to
      hypoxia.

PMID- 683434
TI  - [Scintigraphic studies in stroke].
AB  - The authors report the results of scintigraphic investigations in 70 patients
      treated for brain strokes. The diagnostic and prognostic values of these
      investigations were estimated. It was observed that ischaemic foci were present
      most frequently in the area of vascularization of the middle cerebral artery. The
      intensity of neurological signs was correlated with the size of the pathological
      focus in the cerebral scintiscan. A close relationship was observed between
      improvement in the neurological status of the patients and regression of
      pathological changes in control scintigrams.

PMID- 683435
TI  - [Blood clotting disorders in cases of encephalomalacia].
AB  - In a group of 22 patients with foci of brain softening certain blood clotting
      factor were determined at different stages of the disease. The control group
      consisted of 16 healthy subjects. Shortening of the prothrombin time was observed
      after 4 weeks in the group of patients as compared with the control group. The
      fibrinolytic activity was higher in the plasma on the 4th day of the disease and
      a fall of plasma fibrinolytic activity after 4 weeks to normal values was
      observed.

PMID- 683436
TI  - [Clinical value of lumbar tap in the diagnosis of obliteration of vertebral canal
      by intraspinal tumors].
AB  - The author analyses the clinical data and pathological manifestations in 29 cases
      of intraspinal tumours in which the results of preoperative lumbar tap were
      equivocal or excluded presence of vertebral canal obliteration. On the other
      hand, myelography showed presence of complete or incomplete contrast stop at the
      level of the tumour, despite misleading information of the diagnostic lumbar tap.

PMID- 683437
TI  - [Large aneurysm of the middle cerebral artery].
AB  - Seven surgical cases of large aneurysms (over 10 mm in diameter) are described.
      In 5 cases the neck of the aneurysm was closed, in 2 the aneurysmal sac was
      excised. Large aneurysms of the middle cerebral artery cause great difficulties
      in surgical closure of their necks with routinely used clips. Late results of
      treatment were very good in 5 cases.

PMID- 683438
TI  - [Neurologic manifestations in the course of pesticide intoxication].

PMID- 683439
TI  - [Familial form of myasthenia].
AB  - In 2 daughters of healthy parents severe myasthenia with involvement of the eye
      muscles, bulbar muscles and extremities developed at the age of 20 and 28 years.
      In both patients persistent thymus was demonstrated. The authors suggest that
      familial occurrence of myasthenia does not seem to be coincidental; there may be
      a relationship with genetically determined HL-A system.

PMID- 683440
TI  - [Case of giant aneurysm of the basilar artery].
AB  - The authors report a case of a giant aneurysm of the basilar artery of the brain
      diagnosed accidentally on autopsy. Slowly progressive syndrome of bulbar
      involvement began after craniocerebral trauma. Of considerable interest was the
      misleading result of pneumoencephalography which showed a normal pattern of basal
      cisterns. In the light of results of positive-contrast ventriculography an
      inoperable expanding lesion of the anterior part of the brain stem with
      associated hydrocephalus was diagnosed and symptomatic treatment was started
      inserting a Pudenz-Heyer valve. Despite normalization of intracranial pressure
      the patient died. Vertebral angiography would not have permitted the aneurysm to
      be diagnosed intravitally since its lumen was filled with clots.

PMID- 683441
TI  - [Radioisotope scintigraphy in the diagnosis of brain abscess].

PMID- 683442
TI  - [Tick-borne encephalitis].

PMID- 683443
TI  - [A case of malignant pontine glioma, rapidly extended along the neuraxis
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 683444
TI  - [Possibility of computed tomography (author's transl)].

PMID- 683445
TI  - [A study of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. (II)--Sequential CT
      examination and classification (author's transl)].

PMID- 683446
TI  - [A study of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. (III)--Responsible factors for
      surgical indication of HICH in basal ganglia (author's transl)].

PMID- 683447
TI  - [A microsurgery operation for lumbar disc herniation (author's transl)].
AB  - An application of operating microscope for lumbar disc herniation surgery may
      reduce surgical trauma as compared to non-microsurgical procedure. This can be
      done very easily by monosegmental approach and employing of the improved optical
      conditions. This procedure implies better differentiation of anatomical
      structures and therefore also gentler manipulation of nerve root and dural sac.
      This procedure can be led to (1) much less bleeding, (2) much less (little)
      damage of muscle and nerve, (3) less local complication due to postoperative
      muscular insufficiency, (4) short period of the hospitalization and (5) easiler
      having postoperative rehabilitation.

PMID- 683448
TI  - [Ultrastructural changes in cerebral arterial wall and cerebral vasopasm--an
      experimental study (author's transl)].

PMID- 683449
TI  - [Complications of cerebral angiography in 939 patients with intracranial aneurysm
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 683450
TI  - [A case of brain abscess due to Hemophilus aphrophilus (author's transl)].

PMID- 683451
TI  - [Cystic craniopharyngioma extending down into the upper cervical spinal canal
      (author's transl)].
AB  - A case of craniopharyngioma with a large cyst extending through the posterior
      fossa down into the upper cervical spinal canal was reported. The patient is a 14
      year-old female who was operated on for the first time in 1970, because of a
      suprasellar calcified mass. Histological examination verified craniopharyngioma
      of adamantinomatous type. Since then, she had been operated three times because
      of deterioration of visual acuity. She was admitted for the fifth time in
      January, 1977, complaining of severe neck pain radiating bilaterally to the
      shoulders. Radiological examination demonstrated, besides the suprasellar tumor,
      a huge mass extending along the clivus down to the level of C3 of spinal canal.
      Anteroposterior diameter of bony spinal canal evidently enlarged in upper
      cervical region. Interpedicular distance also widened markedly in the same
      region. Laminae of C1-C3 vertebrae were abnormally stretched and the spinal cord
      was compressed posteriorly by the tumor. Suboccipital craniectomy verified a
      cystic tumor in the region of foramen magnum and cervical spinal canal. The
      medulla oblongata was pushed backward by the tumor. The cystic tumor was
      evacuated and the capsule of the tumor was partly resected, which was
      histologically verified as craniopharyngioma of squamous type. The patient was
      relieved from the neck pain after operation and discharged in April 1977.

PMID- 683452
TI  - [A case of cervical extradural neurinoma with vertebral artery occlusion
      (author's transl)]?1.H.
AB  - A case of cervical extradural neurinoma with total occlusion of the right
      vertebral artery is reported. The patient was a 22-year-old man who had suffered
      slowly progressive tetraparesis for 8 years. Neurological examination
      demonstrated spastic tetraparesis, muscle atrophy of the trunk and four
      extremities, and hypalgesia corresponding to C2, 3 and 4 dermatomes. Plain
      radiogram of the cervical spine revealed a large bony defect on the right side of
      C2 and C3 vertebrae and enlargement of the intervertebral foramen of the right C2
      3. Vertebral angiogram showed a reticular tumor stain in the area of the bony
      defect mentioned above and an occlusion of the right vertebral artery at the
      level of the inferior border of the C2 vertebra. It's feeding arteries were
      radicular arteries. The tumor was located extradurally and excised successfully.
      Histology showed a typical neurinoma. Referring to the reported cases, vertebral
      angiography has been rarely performed and there were only three cases including
      our cases in which total occlusion of the vertebral artery was demonstrated.

PMID- 683453
TI  - [On the surgical treatment of cerebellar infarction (author's transl)].
AB  - Recently we have experienced two cases of acute uncomplicated cerebellar
      infarction which had been surgically treated. Onset of the disease in both cases
      was an attack of vertigo with nausea and vomiting, followed by the signs of an
      expanding lesion in the posterior fossa. There were thirty-one surgically treated
      cases and only six were fatal so far as we have reviewed cases reported in the
      literature. The clinical pictures of cerebellar vascular accident are typical in
      most cases and those of cerebellar infarction are similar to those of cerebellar
      hemorrhage. These two are frequently indistinguishable on the clinical as well as
      angiographic grounds, however, CT-scan may be of great value in the differential
      diagnosis. It is important to realize the cerebellar infarction is also a
      surgical lesion and not to spend valuable time in differentiating cerebellar
      infarction from cerebellar hemorrhage. Low mortality rate and low morbidity in
      cerebellar infarction adequately treated surgically confirm importance for early
      exploration.

PMID- 683454
TI  - [Three cases of the dermoid and epidermoid tumors in the 4th ventricle (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Two cases with epidermoid and one case with dermoid in the 4th ventricle were
      treated in our clinic during the last one year. The clinical findings in these
      three cases were described, and dermoid and epidermoid tumors in the 4th
      ventricle were discussed dealing with the incidence and the characteristic
      features of the findings in CT scanning. The correct diagnosis of both epidermoid
      and dermoid in the 4th ventricle was done by CT-scanning which showed an
      irregular low density area of EMI No. -4 approximately 12 in the posterior fossa
      without any contrast media enhancement. The low density lesion could be
      differentiated by both angiogram and ventriculogram from arachnoid cyst,
      ependymoma, cystic astrocytoma and cystic hemangioblastoma in the 4th ventricle.
      Total removal of the tumor was performed on 2 cases, and a part of the tumor
      capsule attached to the medulla oblongata was left in the other case. All
      patients returned to their own job after operation.

PMID- 683455
TI  - Study of axonal dystrophy. I. Pathology of the neuropil of the gracile and the
      cuneate nuclei in ageing and old rats: a stereological study.
AB  - The changes with age in the neuropil of the gracile and the cuneate nuclei of
      rats were studied using stereological techniques, in relation to the occurrence
      of axonal dystrophy. The following were found: (1) significant difference in the
      volume fraction of presynaptic boutons between the gracile and the cuneate nuclei
      throughout the whole life span (17% and 13% respectively at 100 days of age); (2)
      progressive decrease in the volume fraction (34% decrease in the gracile nucleus
      between 100 and 800 days of age) and in the numerical density of presynaptic
      boutons, the decline being evident as soon as the animals reached maturity and
      before axonal dystrophy became manifest; (3) significant differences in the
      volume fractions of dendrites and of nerve cell bodies between the two nuclei
      throughout the whole life span of the animals, both being greater in the cuneate
      than in the gracile nucleus; an age-related decrease in the volume fraction of
      dendrites was also suspected in the gracile nucleus; (4) progressive increase in
      the volume fraction of fibrous astrocytic processes (from 3% at 100 days to 10.5%
      at 800 days in the gracile nucleus); (5) the above described age-related changes
      of presynaptic boutons and fibrous astrocytic processes were significant only in
      the gracile nucleus, not in the cuneate. The loss of boutons in ageing gracile
      nuclei was partially reflected in the appearance of degenerating nerve fibres in
      ageing gracile tract in the rostral cervical cord. Involutional loss of boutons
      and dystrophic formation of spheroids both appear and progress closely related in
      time and space. It was suggested that this set of changes can be understood as
      one integrated whole in which axonal dystrophy may represent only one side of the
      coin. The question of the causal mechanisms of axonal dystrophy still remains
      unanswered.

PMID- 683456
TI  - Glial outgrowth and central-type myelination of regenerating axons in spinal
      nerve roots following transection and suture: light and electron microscopic
      study in the pig.
AB  - Glial bundles growing out of the spinal cord were observed in spinal nerve roots
      in the pig after their section and surgical repair. The heterotopic occurrence of
      glial cells, most of which were identified as astrocytes, was more frequent and
      more pronounced in dorsal than in ventral roots. Several of the glial bundles
      contained regenerated myelinated axons. These were probably myelinated by cells
      which showed the typical cytological criteria for oligodendrocytes and the mode
      of myelination was clearly of central type. It was concluded that the glial
      outgrowth is induced by degeneration and regeneration of axons passing the
      central-peripheral transition zone.

PMID- 683457
TI  - Histoenzymology of the developing rat spinal cord.
AB  - Using histochemical methods the activity of acetycholinesterase, acid phosphatase
      and various dehydrogenases was investigated in the developing rat spinal cord. At
      the ninth embryonic day (E9) only the activity of the lactate dehydrogenase slow
      moving isoenzymes was prominent in spinal neurons. Between E13 and E15 an
      increase was observed in the activity of most of the dehydrogenases and of acid
      phosphatase in motoneurons and posterior root ganglion cells. Between E15 and E17
      acetylcholinesterase activity increased markedly. On E17 and E20, this enzyme was
      also detectable in anterior and posterior roots and in neurons of the
      intermediate grey matter. On E20, although all grey matter neurons were
      cytologically fully differentiated, their enzymatic content was found to be still
      incomplete. The prominent acid phosphatase reaction within laminae I and II,
      which is characteristic of the adult rat, was absent in the fetal spinal cord.
      These findings indicate that the spinal cord metabolism is predominantly
      anaerobic during the first two-thirds of gestation. The histoenzymological
      maturation of grey-matter neurons is delayed in comparison to their cytological
      differentiation. Furthermore, the ontogenesis of motoneuronal
      acetylcholinesterase activity correlates well with the development of motor
      activities in the rat fetus.

PMID- 683458
TI  - Observations on remyelination in the rabbit spinal cord following demyelination
      induced by lysolecithin.
AB  - The extent and type of remyelination that occurred following demyelination
      induced by intraspinal injection of small volumes of lysolecithin was examined in
      24 rabbits. Unlike the rat and cat following this procedure remyelination is not
      complete even after 6 months' survival and little Schwann cell invasion occurs.
      The cellular environment around remyelinated and persistently demyelinated axons
      differed. Remyelination was associated with a good astrocytic presence and
      removal of myelin debris, while persistently demyelinated axons were surrounded
      by myelin debris and a poor astrocytic presence. It was conluded that the
      environment around the demyelinated axon influences oligodendrocyte
      remyelination.

PMID- 683459
TI  - Prognostic factors in ruptured aneurysms of the circle of Willis: the
      significance of systemic hypertension.
AB  - The incidence of essential hypertension has been retrospectively studied in a
      group of sixty-four fatal cases of ruptured berry aneurysm, and compared with a
      non-fatal group. Hypertension is more frequent in the fatal group, and is
      associated with a higher incidence of multiple aneurysms, a smaller size of
      aneurysm at rupture and a poorer survival after two haemorrhages when comparison
      is made with normotensive patients. The possible role of hypertension in the
      development and rupture of aneurysms is discussed, and it is concluded that it
      may contribute to both. Following rupture it carries a poor prognosis with a
      resulting over emphasis of its significance in autopsy series. Possible
      mechanisms for this effect include diffuse vascular disease, and an increased
      liability to oedema or spasm following rupture of an aneurysm.

PMID- 683460
TI  - Arrest of myelination and demyelination in rabbit retina induced by herpes
      simplex virus infection.
AB  - Herpes simplex virus was injected into the vitreous of suckling and adult
      rabbits. In the suckling rabbits the infection caused an arrested myelination of
      the strip. Further, the infected strips showed degenerative changes with
      splitting and distension of myelin sheaths which then disintegrated.
      Ultrastructurally, herpes simplex virus particles were found in both
      oligodendroglial cells and in astrocytes in the bundles. No increase in
      intraocular pressure was recorded during the inflammation. The infection spread
      along optic pathways to the opposite side. Inflammatory cells appeared at the
      surface and infiltrated the degenerating strip. Especially in the contralateral
      eye, an extensive inflammatory cell infiltration was seen among bundles of nerve
      fibres which showed partly well-preserved myelin and partly with signs of
      demyelination reminiscent of the picture of experimental allergic
      encephalomyelitis in the epiretinal strip.

PMID- 683461
TI  - The effect of 5-bromodeoxyuridine on remyelination in the peripheral nervous
      system of the mouse.
AB  - The thymidine analogue, 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), has been used in an attempt
      to manipulate experimentally the proliferative response of the Schwann cell
      population that follows induction of segmental demyelination in the peripheral
      nervous system. It was found that in the presence of BrdU, a significant number
      of Schwann cells displayed a susceptibility to the agent, in that they could be
      'held' in the pro-myelinated state. It is suggested that there is some regulatory
      transition requiring the priming of the Schwann cell genome for myelination that
      occurs before the remyelinating phase of repair can be started, but after the
      establishment of the Schwann cell/axon relationship.

PMID- 683462
TI  - The cervical cord in multiple sclerosis.
AB  - The spinal cords were examined in eighteen cases of multiple sclerosis, with
      special attention to the cervical enlargement. It was found that (1) lesions in
      the cervical cord are about twice as common as at lower levels, (2) in this
      region there is a striking preponderance of fan-shaped lesions in the lateral
      columns. It is argued that both these findings are explicable on the theory that
      mechanical stresses play a part in determining the site of lesions; that such
      stresses are commonly transmitted to the cord via the denticulate ligaments
      during flexion of the spine; and that many of the lesions are attributable to
      vascular leakages due to tension in the denticulate ligaments. It is concluded
      that in patients with multiple sclerosis neck flexion is dangerous--especially in
      cases where Lhermitte's sign has occurred.

PMID- 683463
TI  - Buckthorn neuropathy: effects of intraneural injection of Karwinskia humboldtiana
      toxins.
AB  - Ingestion of the endocarp of the coyotillo fruit, Karwinskia humboldtiana, a
      shrub of the buckthorn family, causes "Buckthorn neuropathy" in man and animals.
      Two neurotoxic compounds T496 and T544 were isolated from the endocarp and each
      toxin was dissolved in sesame oil and injected into the sciatic nerve of rats.
      The nerves were subsequently examined by teasing and as sections by light and
      electron microscopy. During the first 3--4 days after injection, oil droplets,
      probably containing toxin, were observed in the cytoplasm of Schwann cells with
      intact myelin sheaths. Clinical signs of weakness in the limb first appeared at 5
      -6 days and were accompanied by segmental demyelination mainly of the larger
      fibres. These observations suggest that the toxins have a primary action on
      Schwann cell metabolism. The results of local injection of purified toxins are
      discussed in relation to reports of nerve damage in animals following oral
      administration of the endocarp where intramyelin vacuole formation and segmental
      demyelination are prominent features.

PMID- 683464
TI  - Pathogenesis of longitudinal splitting of muscle fibres in neurogenic disorders
      and in polymyositis.
AB  - Longitudinal splitting of muscle fibres has been studied in the biopsies of
      eighteen patients with neurogenic disorders, and of twenty with polymyositis. In
      neurogenic disorders splitting predominantly affects hypertrophied fibres, and is
      probably due to mechanical overload induced by normal loads imposed on a weakened
      muscle. A similar phenomenon occurs in hypertrophied fibres in chronic
      polymyositis. However, in acute, or active polymyositis an appearance resembling
      fibre splitting can result from sequestration of necrotic segments within a fibre
      and also from regeneration occurring within intact sarcolemmal tubes after
      segmental sub-endomysial necrosis. These different processes, which can be
      distinguished by light and ultrastructural criteria, are important compensatory
      factors in neuromuscular disorders.

PMID- 683465
TI  - In vitro nuclear 3H-hydrocortisone binding in the hypothalamus of the pig.
AB  - Hypothalamic cell nuclear uptake and binding of 3H-hydrocortisone (3H-HC)
      receptor complexes were studied in a cell-free system. Greater net concentrations
      of radioactivity were found in the 0.4 M KCl non-extractable fraction (sediment)
      in the first 20 min of incubation and in the 0.4 M KCl extractable fraction
      (supernatant) from 30 to 60 min. Incubation in low ionic strength medium favored
      localization of radioactivity in the supernatant, whereas high ionic strength
      promoted greated localization in the sediment. Specific binding in the
      supernatant was non-saturable, but reached a plateau in the sediment at about 5 X
      10(-8)M 3H-HC. The observed value of Kd for binding in the nuclear sediment was
      4.88 X 10(9)M-1 and the maximum number of binding sites was 8.8 femtomoles/mg
      DNA. RNA polymerase activity increased by 59% in the presence of hormone
      receptors over that in the presence of free hormone in buffer.

PMID- 683466
TI  - Growth hormone response to hypoglycemia under gamma-hydroxybutyrate narco
      analgesia in the rat.
AB  - Plasma immuno-reactive growth-hormone (RIA-GH) concentrations were investigated
      under in vivo continuous blood glucose (BG) monitoring after administration of
      gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) as well as during spontaneous or insulin-induced
      hypoglycemia. During the narco-analgesia by GHB a marked secretory episode is
      consistently observed. This secretion peak is not accurately time related with
      GHB administration and seems to fade off in aging animals. Strictly controlled
      hypoglycemia elicits a consistent and specific GH release. In contrast deep
      hypoglycemic levels resulting in a state of metabolic stress inhibit GH
      secretion. Our results suggest that previous data on the GH regulation pattern
      during hypoglycemia may depend upon the anesthetic used and/or nonspecific stress
      responses following deep hypoglycemia. The above mentioned experimental
      conditions indicate that GH metabolic regulation is not fundamentally different
      in rodents and primates.

PMID- 683467
TI  - Prolactin and LH release after stimulation of the preoptic-suprachiasmatic and
      arcuate-ventromedial n. regions in male rats under pentobarbital anesthesia.

PMID- 683468
TI  - Catecholaminergic regulation of TSH and growth hormone release in ovariectomized
      and ovariectomized, steroid-primed rats.
AB  - Third ventricular injection of dopamine (DA), Piribedil (ET-495), a DA receptor
      stimulator, norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E) and systemic administration of
      larger doses of DA and the receptor stimulant, apomorphine (APM), were used to
      evaluate their role in the regulation of TSH and GH secretion in ovariectomized
      (OVX) as well as ovariectomized, estrogen-progesterone treated (OEP) rats.
      Intraventricular or i.p. injection of DA or its agonists, ET-495, and APM, caused
      a lowering of plasma TSH and an elevation of plasma GH concentration in OVX as
      well as in OEP rats. In contrast, intraventricular injection of NE or E increased
      plasma TSH and GH concentration. On the basis of these results it is concluded
      that the central dopaminergic system is inhibitory to TSH secretion, as reflected
      in our exeriments by the significant reduction of TSH levels. On the other hand,
      the noradrenergic and adrenergic system has a stimulatory role on the release of
      TRH as evidenced by the increase in plasma TSH levels. Activation of
      dopaminergic, noradrenergic and adrenergic systems appears to promote release by
      hypothalamic GH releasing hormone as reflected in the enhanced concentration of
      plasma GH, but the precise physiological role of these biogenic amines in
      modulating the release of TSH and GH hormone remains to be elucidated.

PMID- 683469
TI  - Evidence for the involvement of dopaminergic neurons in the pregnancy block
      effect.
AB  - Impairment of eggs implantation by exposure to alien male during early stages of
      pregnancy can be completely prevented by blockade of the dopaminergic neurons of
      the central nervous system (CNS) or by increase of the prolactin (Prl) level in
      pregnant female mice. Stimulation of serotoninergic neurons delayed the
      phenomenal effect. Blockade of serotoninergic neurons or treatment by
      ergocriptine on the 2nd and 3rd day of pregnancy inhibited eggs implantation.
      These results indicate that Prl release in female mice during the time of
      implantation is under dopaminergic and serotoninergic control, but phenomenal
      effect is transmitted by dopaminergic system.

PMID- 683470
TI  - The effect of exposure to ether on prolactin secretion and the half-life of
      endogenous prolactin in normal and castrated male rats.
AB  - Normal and castrated male rats implanted with permanent right atrial cannulae
      were used, and sequential blood samples were taken every 2 min through the
      cannula. When the rats, both normal and castrated, were exposed to ether for 2
      min, the prolactin (Prl) concentration in plasma was immediately and dramatically
      elevated. During 40 min of continuous ether anesthesia, plasma Prl concentration
      was not sustained. After the initial 'surge' of Prl secretion, which lasted about
      15 min, the concentration returned to normal levels. Following the peak of the
      Prl 'surge', Prl disappeared from the circulation with a calculated half-life of
      7 min (mean value: 6.9 min; confidence interval: 6.3-7.7).

PMID- 683471
TI  - Pattern of adenohypophyseal hormone changes in male rats following chronic
      stress.
AB  - To delineate the pattern of adenohypophyseal hormone secretion following chronic
      stress, adult male rats were exposed daily to 6 h of cold, forced exercise or
      immobilization for 3, 6, 10, 15, 28 or 42 consecutive days. Groups of these
      animals were sacrificed at the end of the last stress sessions, and plasma growth
      hormone (GH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (Prl) and follicle-stimulating
      hormone (FSH) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Irresspective of
      the different stimuli used, long-term stress induced a morphologic and hormonal
      response characterized by decreased ponderal growth, adrenal enlargement, thymus
      involution and significant diminutions in GH, Prl and LH levels with no
      modifications in FSH titers. The magnitude and duration of these changes varied
      with the severity of the stressors.

PMID- 683472
TI  - Late endocrine effects of administering monosodium glutamate to neonatal rats.
AB  - Rats were injected with monosodium 1-glutamate (MSG) daily for the 1st 5 days of
      life and allowed to mature. This is known to cause selective destruction of
      neurons in the retina and in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. The adult
      animals had a significant increase in body fat without an increase in weight, a
      marked reduction in pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, gonadal and prostate weights.
      Pituitary, hypothalamic and serum thyrotropin (TSH) were significantly reduced in
      the males. Serum growth hormone (GH) was markedly reduced in both sexes and the
      serum prolactin (Prl) was increased significantly in females. FSH did not appear
      to be abnormal and the LH may have been increased in the males. Serum T4 was
      significantly reduced in females. The fertility of the females was normal, but
      treated males mated with normal females showed a marked reduction in fertility
      and, although the litter sizes of the offspring were normal, the birth weights of
      the pups of both sexes were significantly reduced. These persistent alterations
      in neuroendocrine function indicate that lesions produced by neonatal MSG
      treatment provide a convenient model for studying hypothalamic function.

PMID- 683473
TI  - Studies on the color-change mechanism in a fresh-water teleost, Nandus nandus
      (Ham.). II. Hormonal control.
AB  - The chromatic spinal sectioning (mostly at 3rd, 3/4th and 4th vertebral levels)
      produced the maximal darkening in the fish. This darkening persisted in the fish
      on a black background, but a slow and gradual paling occurred in the operated
      animals when placed over a white background. These animals reached the maximum
      paling in 168 h as compared to the unoperated ones where similar state of paling
      was attained in a comparatively shorter period (3 to 5 h). The distinct
      difference in the results in respect of the rates of paling in the operated
      (melanophores under hormonal control only) and unoperated animals clearly
      suggests the involvement of a pituitary-borne melanophore-aggregating hormone
      (MAH) in the chromatic control mechanism of the fish Nandus nandus.

PMID- 683474
TI  - The effect of ovarian steroids on hypothalamic 5-hydroxytryptamine neuronal
      activity.
AB  - The effect of ovarian steroids on the concentration of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)
      and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) in the anterior hypothalamus, as well as
      on the total decline of 5-HIAA levels after the administration of the monoamine
      oxidase (MAO) inhibitor pargyline, was studied in ovariectomized (OVX) rats at
      different times of the day. The concentration of 5-HT and 5-HIAA and the total
      decline of 5-HIAA levels were higher in the morning than in the afternoon in OVX
      rats. Three days after the injection of 20 microgram estradiol benzoate (EB), the
      concentration of 5-HT and its metabolite were reduced in the morning but not in
      the afternoon, resulting in a disappearance of the daily changes. The total
      decline of 5-HIAA levels after pargyline was significantly reduced by EB
      administration only in the morning. The injection of 2 mg progesterone (P) into
      OVX EB-primed rats restored all parameters to the levels present in OVX rats.
      These findings suggest that ovarian steroids have a modulatory action on the
      activity of hypothalamic serotonin-containing neurons.

PMID- 683475
TI  - Pars intermedia electrical potentials: changes in spike frequency induced by
      regulatory factors of melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) secretion.
AB  - Spontaneous action potentials recorded from pars intermedia (PI) cells of frog
      pituitaries are correlated with spontaneous melanophore stimulating hormone (MSH)
      secretion from that gland. Those agents known to induce hormone release (e.g.,
      serotonin, isoproterenol) increase the rate of electrical activity, whereas those
      which inhibit secretion (e.g., norepinephrine, dopamine, GABA) reduce the
      frequency of spikes. MSH secretion appears to involve cellular depolarization
      while inhibition of release is associated with cell membrane polarization.

PMID- 683476
TI  - Autoradiographic localization of androgen-concentrating cells in the brain of the
      male domestic fowl.
AB  - Cells in the male fowl brain which accumulate radioactivity following 3H
      testosterone (T) administration were identified by autoradiography. Labelled
      cells were found principally in hypothalamic, limbic and midbrain structures.
      Marked uptake was observed in the preoptic area (POA) and in the anterior and
      posterior hypothalamus. There was also a significant amount of labelling in the
      archistriatum (ARCH), particularly in the nucleus taeniae (Tn), and in the
      lateral septum. In the midbrain, substantial uptake of labelled hormone was found
      in the nucleus intercollicularis (ICo). The pattern of accumulation of T in the
      male fowl was comparable to that for sex hormone uptake in vertebrates in
      general. Furthermore, accumulation was generally found in areas known to be
      concerned with sex hormone-dependent functions.

PMID- 683477
TI  - Saccular aneurysm of infancy and early childhood.
AB  - A case of intracranial saccular aneurysm occurring in early childhood and
      presenting with sudden dysphasia and hemiplegia is reported. A review of the
      literature emphasizes the rarity of this lesion. Despite a significant
      preoperative neurological deficit, the patient tolerated aneurysm clipping and
      recovered well. The majority of reported cases involve males under 2 years old.
      Aneurysms in infants have a distribution different from that seen in adults.
      Microscopic examination of these lesions fails to show any evidence of
      inflammation or atherosclerosis. The data suggest that the pathogenesis of these
      rare childhool lesions differs from that of adult saccular aneurysms.

PMID- 683478
TI  - Lumbar disc disease in children.
AB  - The clinical experience with lumbar disc disease in 38 patients at a large
      children's hospital is reviewed. Thirty children underwent surgical treatment;
      eight patients were not operated upon. The surgical results were excellent, with
      93% of the children cured or markedly improved on follow-up. The main
      differential aspects of lumbar disc disease between children and adults are
      emphasized.

PMID- 683479
TI  - Measurement of spinal cord blood flow by the microsphere technique.
AB  - Differential spinal cord blood flow was measured in dogs by the radioactive
      microsphere injection method. The mean spinal cord blood flow was 10.8 +/- 0.53
      (SE) ml/100 g/minute. The flow values for the white and gray matter were 7.1 +/-
      0.65 (SE) and 26.3 +/- 2.2 (SE) ml/100 g/minute, respectively.

PMID- 683480
TI  - Air embolism during trans-sphenoidal pituitary operations.
AB  - Doppler ultrasonic cardiac monitoring of patients undergoing trans-sphenoidal
      pituitary operations in the semisitting position has revealed the occurrence of
      venous air embolism in 3 of 31 consecutive cases. One such case is presented. Air
      may be drawn into the venous system whenever a gradient exists between the site
      of operation and the right heart. During trans-sphenoidal operations the most
      likely portals of venous air entry include the intercavernous connections within
      the sella, venous channels through nonpneumatized bone, inadequately sealed
      subnasal vessels, and vascularized metastatic tissue in the pituitary. Because
      the potential for morbidity and mortality from air embolism is so great, rapid
      diagnosis with the Doppler unit and prompt treatment, including aspiration of air
      from the right atrial catheter, administration of 100% oxygen, performance of the
      Valsalva maneuver, saline irrigation of the wound, and hemostasis of open
      vessels, are essential. Technetium-macroaggregated albumin (TEMAA) lung scans are
      helpful in postoperative verification of venous air embolism.

PMID- 683481
TI  - Melanotic schwannoma.
AB  - Reports of melanotic nerve sheath tumors of Schwann cell origin are rare, only
      three having been found in the literature. Two new cases of spinal intradural
      melanotic nerve sheath tumors are reported and the literature is reviewed.
      Controversy has arisen in regard to the origin of melanin within these tumors.
      Electron microscopic study of one of our cases indicates that the Schwann cell is
      capable of producing melanin. The available evidence suggests that
      ultrastructural identification of the cell type in these pigmented tumors is
      essential in plotting the therapy and prognosis of patients with melanotic nerve
      sheath tumors.

PMID- 683482
TI  - Subdural hygroma of the spinal meninges: a case report.
AB  - A case of a subdural hygroma or chronic subdural hematoma of the thoracolumbar
      spinal meninges is described. This became symptomatic 9 years after trauma.
      Terminological ambiguity is discussed, along with the detailed clinical,
      radiological, and operative presentations of this rare condition.

PMID- 683483
TI  - Intracerebral Ewing's sarcoma: case report.
AB  - A case of intracerebral Ewing's sarcoma is reported. Neurosurgical intervention
      was required for treatment. The increasing incidence of central nervous system
      involvement by Ewing's sarcoma is discussed.

PMID- 683484
TI  - Neurosurgical devices and drugs: The Medical Device Amendments of 1976.

PMID- 683485
TI  - Combined cranio-orbital surgery for extensive malignant neoplasms of the orbit.
AB  - Extensive, invasive neoplasms of the cranio-orbital region are generally
      considered to be inoperable and are treated with local radiation therapy and
      occasionally with chemotherapy. Upon local recurrence of these neoplasms, further
      treatment efforts are usually deemed futile. Over the past 4 years, 10 patients
      with extensive neoplasms of the cranio-orbital region that were previously
      thought to be inoperable were referred to us for further evaluation. Five of
      these patients had failed an intensive course of radiation therapy. Radical
      regional cranio-orbital resection was performed. The resection included the skin,
      globe, sphenoid wings, and orbitofrontal bone. The maxillary sinus and nasal
      septum were left exposed. The exposed dura mater and the frontal and temporal
      bones were resurfaced with split-thickness skin grafts. All patients in this
      series have survived free of local disease to date. Combined cranio-orbital
      resection offers both palliation and a possible cure for patients with extensive,
      invasive neoplasms of the cranio-orbital region. Reconstructive surgery can be
      performed using full-thickness flaps after 2 years of observation for local
      recurrence.

PMID- 683486
TI  - Comparison of the infratentorial and transtentorial approaches to the pineal
      region.
AB  - During the past 10 years, two different operative approaches to the pineal region
      have been recommended by different authors. Numerous reports have appeared in the
      literature, indicating the safe use of one or the other of these two techniques
      for the excision of masses in the pineal region. This paper reports experience
      with both techniques in the treatment of 15 patients with mass lesions in this
      area. Four patients underwent a supracerebellar infratentorial approach and 11
      patients underwent an occipital transtentorial approach to the pineal region.
      These two approaches are compared in terms of anatomical exposure, technical
      difficulties, and real or potential complications. The authors prefer the
      occipital transtentorial approach in dealing with lesions in the pineal region.

PMID- 683488
TI  - Perspectives in international neurosurgery: a glimpse of neurosurgery in China.

PMID- 683487
TI  - Monoaminergic regulation of central nervous system function: I. Noradrenergic
      systems.

PMID- 683490
TI  - Socio-economic affairs: due process.

PMID- 683489
TI  - Hypophysectomy techniques in treating metastatic carcinoma of the breast.

PMID- 683491
TI  - Intracranial pressure monitoring survey.

PMID- 683492
TI  - Significance of bilateral abnormalities on the CT scan in patients with severe
      head injury.
AB  - One hundred forty head injured patients, managed by a standardized protocol of
      early diagnosis, surgical decompression, and intensive therapy, had computerized
      tomographic (CT) scans within 1 hour or arrival in the emergency room. Ninety of
      these patients had serial scans during the subsequent week. On admission, 26
      patients had normal scans, 75 had unilateral lesions, and 39 had bilateral
      lesions. Thirteen who had unilateral lesions on admission developed contralateral
      lesions during the first week for a total of 52 patients with bilateral lesions.
      These 52 patients could be separated into two distinct groups: (a) those with
      small ventricles and no change or a slight, homogeneous decrease in density of
      the brain parenchyma, who had better neurological status on admission, lower
      intracranial pressure (ICP), and better outcome; and (b) those with bilateral
      increased density lesions, who had poorer motor response on admission, higher
      ICP, and worse outcome. The value of CT scanning in management, prognosis, and
      outcome is emphasized.

PMID- 683493
TI  - The lumbar shield: a preliminary report.
AB  - Postoperative perineural adhesions between the lumbar nerve root and the
      partially removed intervertebral disc are thought to be a cause of failure of the
      standard operative procedure for the removal of a ruptured lumbar intervertebral
      disc. Attempts have been made to reduce postoperative perineural adhesions by the
      use of epidural muscle, fat, gelatin sponge, silicone, and steroids. The present
      communication introduces a new implantable silicone device, a lumbar shield,
      designed to: (a) provide a radiopaque marker on the dorsal perimeter of the
      excavated lumbar disc so that the presence or absence of a recurrent disc
      herniation can easily be determined on plain postoperative x-ray films, (b)
      provide ready access to the operative site in the event of a recurrent disc
      herniation, (c) prevent postoperative perineural adhesions between the lumbar
      dura and the nerve root and the partially removed intervertebral disc, and (d)
      prevent postoperative adhesions between the lumbar dura and the nerve root and
      the paraspinal muscles. Satisfactory results of lumbar disc surgery over the past
      44 years have occurred in about 90% of routine patients. The value of the lumbar
      shield in 82 patients (59 routine and 23 workmen's compensation/medicolegal
      patients) followed for 6 months is described. A satisfactory result, i.e., relief
      of pain or the presence of occasional postoperative pain, occurred in 85% of
      routine patients at 1 month, 97% at 3 months, and 95% at 6 months.

PMID- 683494
TI  - Cerebral angiography in meningocerbral inflammatory diseases in infancy and
      childhood: a study of thiryt-five cases.
AB  - The value of cerebral angiography in the diagnosis of intracranial infections is
      presented, and the differential diagnosis of the various angiographic appearances
      in meningocerebral infections is discussed. Specific angiographic characteristics
      permitting the diagnosis of vasculitis, cerebritis, meningitis, brain abscess,
      and subdural and epidural fluid collections are correlated with known concepts of
      the pathological anatomy of these entities. Angiography is recommended in those
      infants known to have a meningocerebral infection who show signs of an increase
      in intracranial pressure or focal neurological dysfunction.

PMID- 683495
TI  - Neural and vascular tissue reaction to aneurysm-coating adhesive (ethyl 2
      cyanoacrylate).
AB  - The effect of ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate (Aaron-2-Alpha) obtained from two different
      manufactures was evaluated in 37 cats divided into two groups. The first group (n
      = 28) received a 9-year-old preparation. The second group (n = 9) received
      recently acquired adhesive. Aaron-2-Alpha was applied to the left cruciate cortex
      and left femoral neurovascular bundle under barbiturate anesthesia. Normal saline
      was applied on the right side for control. Survival was allowed for 2, 4, 7, and
      14 days after application of the adhesive. The 2-day survival was excluded in the
      second group. Neuropathological examination revealed meningeal necrosis, neuronal
      and axonal degeneration, vascular wall degeneration, thrombosis, and inflammatory
      reaction in both groups of cats. The compounds tested are far from satisfying the
      ideal requirements for their safe use. Chemical degradation may take place in the
      adhesives stored for prolonged periods of time. Adhesives obtained from two
      different sources may contain adjuvants of different toxicity. Severe local
      tissue reaction could produce marked neurological deficits when adhesives are
      applied in critical areas.

PMID- 683496
TI  - Scanning electron microscopic anatomy of the supratentorial basal cisterns.
AB  - Arachnoid slips from the canine supratentorial basal cisterns were excised and
      studied by scanning electron microscopy. The inner face of the arachnoid membrane
      was examined, and two fundamental surface patterns, fenestrated and embossed,
      were observed. The remaining fibers and microfibers were anchored to these two
      surface sheets.

PMID- 683497
TI  - Cerebral revascularization: proximal external carotid to distal middle cerebral
      artery bypass with a synthetic tube graft.
AB  - A right proximal external carotid to distal middle cerebral artery bypass with a
      prosthetic tube graft was performed in a patient with intermittent cerebral
      ischemia due to middle cerebral artery stenosis. The patient was relieved of his
      symptoms, and he was neurologically normal 3 months after operation. Angiography
      3 months postoperatively revealed flow through the graft and excellent filing of
      the middle cerebral circulation, both retrograde and antegrade. Early results
      suggest that an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene graft may be useful as a
      vascular conduit if suitable autogenous vessels are unavailable or have failed.

PMID- 683498
TI  - Recovery from acute subdural hematoma and uncal herniation due to ruptured
      intracranial aneurysm.

PMID- 683499
TI  - Bilateral optic canal meningiomas: a case report.
AB  - In the case presented, bilateral optic canal meningiomas produced binocular
      visual loss. Correct diagnosis was delayed because of inadequate and
      misinterpreted radiological studies. Careful radiological and surgical
      examination of the planum sphenoidale later suggested this as the source of both
      canalicular masses. The pertinent aspects of this case are reviewed in relation
      to information from similar cases reported previously. In the future, increased
      clinical suspicion and more accurate neuroradiological studies should improve the
      detection and afford earlier surgical treatment of meningiomas of the optic
      canal.

PMID- 683500
TI  - Extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) arterial bypass: past performance and current
      concepts.
AB  - The authors present a review of published experience with intracranial
      extracranial arterial bypass grafting. The procedure is technically feasible and
      has a relatively low morbidity and mortality when performed by experienced
      microvascular surgeons. However, its therapeutic value is still unproven.

PMID- 683502
TI  - Efferent connections and nigral afferents of the nucleus accumbens septi in the
      rat.

PMID- 683501
TI  - Metabolic disturbances after head injury: abnormalities of sodium and water
      balance with special reference to the effects of alcohol intoxication.
AB  - Eighty-eight patients with craniocerebral trauma were studied prospectively to
      assess the effects of the injury on sodium and water balance. Abnormalities of
      serum sodium and osmolality occurred in 11 of the 76 patients who were on the
      study more than 24 hours, and the incidence of these abnormalities was directly
      related to the severity of the craniocerebral injury. Hyponatremic hypo-osmolar
      states were as frequent as were hypernatremia and serum hyperosmolality. The
      major cause of the hyponatremia was inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion;
      hypernatremia was due to dehydration and occurred predominantly in comatose
      patients with increased insensible fluid losses associated with pyrexia. We
      recommend that the initial fluid intake after craniocerebral trauma be kept
      between 1500 and 1800 ml/24 hours and that further fluid management be dictated
      by repeated serum electrolyte determinations. The electrolyte balance should be
      monitored continuously after a significant head injury for up to 2 weeks, because
      hyponatremic states sometimes develop more than 1 week after injury. The serum
      alcohol was measured on admission, and the level of serum alcohol correlated well
      with the serum osmolality on admission; thus, the degree of elevation of serum
      osmolality was a very good guide to the serum alcohol level. However, there was
      no statistically significant correlation between alcohol intoxication or chronic
      alcoholism and the late development of serum sodium and osmolality disturbances.

PMID- 683503
TI  - Are glomus cells in the rat carotid body dopaminergic or noradrenergic?

PMID- 683504
TI  - Distribution of acetylcholine receptors on Xenopus slow muscle fibres determined
      by alpha-bungarotoxin binding.

PMID- 683505
TI  - Studies on the copper binding affinity of fibers in the peripheral nervous system
      of the quaking mouse.

PMID- 683506
TI  - Protein and glycoprotein metabolism in brains of operantly conditioned pigeons.

PMID- 683507
TI  - Ultrastructure of Merkel cell development in aneurogenic and control amphibian
      larvae (Ambystoma).

PMID- 683508
TI  - [Morphology of cerebral changes in myocardial infarct].

PMID- 683510
TI  - Morphological study of myelination of some structures of rabbit brain.
      Preliminary report.

PMID- 683509
TI  - [Changes in acetylcholinesterase activity in the spinal cord following temporary
      occlusion of the dorsal part of the aorta].

PMID- 683511
TI  - Some fundamental questions of morpho- and pathogenesis of demyelinating diseases
      of the nervous system.

PMID- 683512
TI  - [Blood and cerebrospinal fluid acid-base equilibrium in patients with multiple
      sclerosis].

PMID- 683513
TI  - A female case of Marchiafava-Bignami syndrome.

PMID- 683514
TI  - [Unusual clinical course and morphological picture of an Echinococcus cerebri
      case].

PMID- 683515
TI  - [Electron microscopic findings in experimental neuroma in the rat].

PMID- 683516
TI  - [Classification of central nervous system sarcomas].

PMID- 683517
TI  - [Calcium: its transportation and role in the brain].

PMID- 683518
TI  - [Morphological evaluation of the function of hypothalamo-hypophyseal
      neurosecretory system under conditions of intracranial hypertension].

PMID- 683519
TI  - [Critical evaluation of systems to prevent pollution with anesthetic gases and
      vapors].

PMID- 683520
TI  - [Confirmation of the muscle-relaxing action of ethrane obtained with the use of
      an energy transducer which graphically demonstrates the changes in contraction
      induced with muscle-relaxing drugs].

PMID- 683521
TI  - [Prevention of thromboembolic complications in anesthesia. Study with lysine
      acetylsalicylate].

PMID- 683522
TI  - [Transfusion during anesthesia. Methods and indications].

PMID- 683523
TI  - [Use of CT 1341 (Althesin) in neuroradiology and neurosurgery].

PMID- 683524
TI  - [300 cases of patients anesthetized with Althesin].

PMID- 683525
TI  - [Anesthesia in direct suspension laryngoscopy].

PMID- 683526
TI  - [Use of Althesin in neuroanesthesia (99 cases). Some practical considerations
      after clinical trial].

PMID- 683527
TI  - [AV nodal rhythm and transient right branch block following non-penetrating
      thoracic injury].

PMID- 683528
TI  - [Efficacy and limitations of dopamine in the treatment of acute circulatory
      insufficiency].

PMID- 683529
TI  - [Acute hypophosphoremia. Its clinical significance in a resuscitation and
      intensive care unit. Clinico--statistical data].

PMID- 683530
TI  - [Clinical experience with carticaine in epidural block].

PMID- 683531
TI  - [Multiple carcinomas of the large intestine].
AB  - Authors stress that multiple carcinomas of the large bowel are not exceptional at
      all and report 5 cases of metachronous cancers and 1 case of synchronous cancers.
      They are 4,4% of all the colo-rectal neoplasms operated by the "Istituto di
      Semeiotica Chirurgica dell'Universita di Trieste". The Authors discuss the most
      important pathogenetic, pathological and diagnostic problems and emphasize the
      usefulness of a very careful intra-operative evaluation of the entire colon and
      of a post-operative follow-up for the early discovery and treatment of a second
      cancer in another tract of the large bowel.

PMID- 683532
TI  - [Unusual pathology of the bilitary tract: primary sclerosing cholangitis].

PMID- 683533
TI  - [Megarectum in childhood].
AB  - The criteria employed in the classification of megarectum in infancy are briefly
      reviewed and its diagnosis is discussed. Stress is laid on the importance of
      clyster radiology and rectal manometry. Biopsy extended to the point of true
      sphincteromyectomy may also prove resolutive. Lastly, infantile neuropsychiatry
      is unmistakably indicated in diagnosing the psychological origin of many of these
      forms. Aganglionic forms are quickly described and attention is directed to those
      due to fibrosis of the inner sphincter. Most of such cases are shown to be of
      secondary, reactive, rather than primary congenital, origin on histological
      inspection after surgery. Lastly, consideration is given to essentially
      psychogenic forms. The picture observed in a case treated by sphincteromyectomy
      with histological evidence of interstitial fibrosis with muscle and nerve
      regression suggested that affective disturbances lead first to persistent
      constipation, followed by abnormal distension of the last segments of the
      intestine. Subsequent regression results in an organic evolution independent of
      the original disturbance, so that surgery must be resorted to, as well as
      neuropsychiatric treatment.

PMID- 683534
TI  - [Recent personal experience with gerontosurgery].

PMID- 683535
TI  - [Personal approach in the surgical treatment of cancer of the gallbladder].
AB  - The part played by surgery in the treatment of gallbladder cancer is conditioned
      by the delay in diagnosis and the rapid spread of the disease to non operable
      structures rather than to any particularly intrinsic malignity. In the face of a
      clinically ascertained cancer or one recognized at surgical exploration, exeresis
      is essential if possible. Cholecytectomy completed by cuneiform hepatic resection
      and extensive locoregional lymphadenectomy offers adequate radicality with
      acceptable risk. Vaster operations have high operative mortality which is out of
      proportion to the results possible, 43 personal cases are reported.

PMID- 683536
TI  - [Villose polyps of the duodenum].
AB  - A case of villous polyps of the duodenum is reported, world-wide series also
      being considered. The various symptomatologies and percentages of malignant
      transformation and localization are described and stress laid on the superiority
      of endoscopy to radiography owing to the fact that it gave: 1) exact site and
      nature diagnosis of the lesion during the haemorrhagic phase; 2) exact
      histological and topographical diagnosis, following the haemorrhage, paving the
      way to the subsequent surgery.

PMID- 683537
TI  - [Endoscopic control of patients subjected to vagotomy and drainage for duodenal
      ulcer. Personal experience].
AB  - The usefulness of endoscopic examination of patients subjected to vagotomy and
      drainage for duodenal ulcer is stressed, since it permits recurrences and
      ineffective treatment to be detected, along with the control of other parameters,
      such as the appearance of the mucosa, the performance of gastric drainage, the
      features of peristalsis and gastric tone, and the performance of the cardial
      sphincter. Data from a series of 43 endoscopies performed after 192 vagotomy and
      drainage operations carried out between 4-1973 and 5-1976 are presented.

PMID- 683538
TI  - [Value of colonoscopy in the study of inflammatory colonic diseases].

PMID- 683540
TI  - [Indications and technic of cryotherapy of hemorrhoids].

PMID- 683539
TI  - [Diagnostic value and clinical significance of electromanometric study of the
      colon].

PMID- 683541
TI  - [Treatment of malignant polyps of the colon].

PMID- 683542
TI  - [Indications and advantages of transhepatic cholangiography with the Chiba
      needle].

PMID- 683543
TI  - [Diagnostic criteria in the surgical treatment of portal hypertension].

PMID- 683544
TI  - [Clinical problems in portal hypertension].

PMID- 683545
TI  - [Experimental problems in portal hypertension].

PMID- 683546
TI  - [Treatment of psoriasis with 8-methoxypsoralen and ultraviolet A rays].

PMID- 683547
TI  - [Treatment with monocomponent semi-lente insulin in diabetes of difficult
      compensation].
AB  - According to personal experience, good clinical effects may be obtained by
      monocomponent insulin treatment, independently from strict immunological
      indications (i.e. high plasma-anti-insulin antibody titers). The present paper
      reports on a two daily injection treatment with monocomponent Semilente insulin
      (SeLe MC) in comparison with an earlier management with conventional retard
      insulins, in a group of 16 insulin dependent diabetics, selected among the most
      poorly controlled patients with unstable diabetes and/or high insulin
      requirement. In 6 subjects, after transfer to SeLe MC, it was observed a
      reduction in M bs, delta, and M delta indices of the glycemic regulation,
      indicating lower mean glycemic profiles with fewer irregularities. In 11 cases a
      marked improvement in the subjective symptomatology was noticed. Some minor
      hypoglycemic reactions induced to a reduction in the high insulin requirement in
      8 cases. All but two patients had significant values of insulin IgG antibodies.
      The period of observation was too short to take in consideration an immunological
      modification, as an explanation of the present clinical results. However, these
      could be hypothetically referred to an amelioration in the releasing of
      endogenous insulin and/or in the hormone-receptor interaction as a consequence of
      treatment with monocomponent insulin preparations, in comparison to non purified
      conventional preparations. Treatment with SeLe MC seems to be suitable in
      particularly difficult control of the diabetes and in emergency situations.

PMID- 683548
TI  - [Preliminary results of polychemiotherapy and immunostimulant treatment with
      Corynebacterium parvum in tumors of the breast in the postoperative phase and
      advanced phase].
AB  - Difficulties still encountered in the coordinated interdisciplinary management of
      solid tumours in hospitals are discussed. Preliminary results obtained with a
      polychemical and immunostimulating protocol based on Corynebacterium parvum
      (introduced in 1973) in breast tumours immediately after surgery and in the
      advanced stage are presented. Two out of eight subjects with advanced forms died.
      Partial regression or a steady state were noted in the remainder. No locoregional
      recurrences or metastases were observed from 1 to 2 yr after the commencement of
      treatment in 22 patients treated in the immediate post-operative phase. These
      results are considered satisfactory, though a final evaluation would be
      premature. Stress is laid on the importance of immunostimulating management in
      the avoiding the immunodepression caused by the administration of drugs.

PMID- 683549
TI  - [Effectiveness of the use of chorionic gonadotropin in arteriopathies,
      phlebopathies and hepatic failure].

PMID- 683550
TI  - [Use of cervical cerclage in the treatment of pregnancy in a malformed uterus].

PMID- 683551
TI  - [Clinical and statistical study of the use of alpha-MPG in the treatment of viral
      hepatitis].
AB  - Several workers have already employed alpha-MPG in the management of acute vital
      hepatitis as a sulphydrylating agent to combat viral poisoning of the liver
      cells. Its distinct features include the stability of its molecule, its
      biochemical attributes in the course of time, and its virtually similar oral and
      injectable LD(50) (2100 MG/KG). High doses, well above those possible with
      earlier sulphydrylating agents, were used in a trial of alpha-MPG against UDPG.
      The new drug proved more active and led to a particularly significant fall in
      SGPT. Subjective and biohumoral parameters returned to normal more quickly,
      though the differences were not significant. Tolerance was good. Subjective over
      reaction with a slight rise in temperature and allergic exanthema was noted in 3
      cases. This promptly regressed when the treatment was suspended.

PMID- 683552
TI  - [Current status of synkinesis].

PMID- 683553
TI  - [Disseminated intravascular coagulation. Case reports and diagnostic and
      therapeutic observations].

PMID- 683554
TI  - [Megaloblastic anemia caused by folic acid deficiency following administration of
      oral contraceptives. Description of 2 clinical cases].

PMID- 683555
TI  - [Amyotrophy caused by herpes zoster. Description of 5 cases].
AB  - Radicular paralysis is the most frequent, though usually less serious,
      complication of Herpes Zoster, being observed in rather less than 5% of patients.
      The site affected--leaving aside exceptional cases--it that of the gangliar and
      radicular district where the eruption occurs. A clinical and neurophysiological
      study was made of 5 patients with loss of strength and trophism on the part of
      muscles in the eruption site within 2 to 5 weeks after the onset of Herpes.
      Routine blood chemistry tests were run, together with spinal puncture in three
      cases. The EMG data pointed to variously severe neurogenic distress referable to
      myeloradicular involvement. Subsequent clinical and EMG controls demonstrated
      gradual, though slow improvement. This finding is in line with the literature
      data.

PMID- 683556
TI  - [Psychiatric (psychodynamic and psychotherapeutic) aspects of obesity].
AB  - An account is given for non-psychiatric physicians of the psychodynamic,
      psychiatric, and psychoterapeutic aspects of obesity. A primarily psychoanalytic
      explanation is presented of the unconscious meanings that the words involved
      assume in children and "fixed" obese subjects with regression to the "oral stage"
      of their libido development. The meanings associated with food and feeding are
      examined in an interpersonal, familial, social and environmental context. A
      summary psychopathological classification is made of obesity, together with an
      evaluation of what appears to be the direct opposite of obesity, i. e. mental
      anorexia. Lastly, the relevant prognostic and therapeutic criteria are
      considered. The latter are mainly centred on the various forms of
      psychotherapeutic intervention (individual, group, analytical and inspiration
      therapy, etc.).

PMID- 683557
TI  - [Warty dyskeratoma. Analysis and case reports].
AB  - Warty dyskeratoma (WD) may be observed in both whites and negros. It is usually
      small single isolated brown nodule with a prevalent localization of the head of
      aged males. During the last 4 1/2 years 20 cases were recognized at the Perugia
      Dermatological Clinic, representing 3.8% of 522 biopsied clinically similar skin
      tumors. The ratio of WD with keratoacanthoma was 1.3 and with squamous-cell
      carcinoma 1:5. In 4 cases a lesion clinically similar to squamous-cell carcinoma
      but with histological picture of WD was localized of the lower prolabium. The
      excision was the treatment of choice. On the basis of our findings and from a
      survey of the literature a clinico-pathological picture of the disease is
      described. Three points are emphasized: 1. WD is frequently localized on the
      head; when localized on the lower prolabium squamous-cell carcinoma mast be
      considered in differential diagnosis; 2. no clinical feature is peculiar of the
      disease; 3. surgical excision is essential for a correct diagnosis when
      histological examinations are performed on orthogonal and medial sections.

PMID- 683558
TI  - [The arterio-alveolar CO2 gradient. Physiopathological and clinical
      significance].
AB  - The arterio-alveolar CO(2) gradient was examined in 20 patients with various
      ventilation diseases. It increased or became negative in obstruction. The
      tendency to increase was attributable to distribution disturbances, particularly
      the marked increase in the "dead space" effect. The same picture, though to a
      lesser degree, owing to a smaller dead space increase, was even more frequent in
      restriction cases. The appearance of a gradient in healthy subjects is referable
      to uneven air and blood distribution in the alveoli under physiological
      conditions. The physiopathological significance of negative gradients is
      discussed in the light of the results and the findings of other workers.

PMID- 683559
TI  - [Cases of prolonged hypercreatinephosphokinasemia without electrocardiographic
      signs of myocardial infarct].

PMID- 683560
TI  - [The phagocytes as guardians of health].

PMID- 683561
TI  - [Clinical and statistical evaluation of the hypotensive effectiveness of 3
      therapeutic plans in essential hypertension].
AB  - The analysis of variance and Student's "t" test were applied in an assessment of
      the hypotensive effectiveness of three hypotensive protocols: a) diazepam +
      amitryptiline; b) reserpine + chlorthalidone; c) all drugs in 57 and 32 patients
      with stabilised essential hypertension. Diazepam + amitryptiline proved
      effective, both alone and in protocol b).

PMID- 683562
TI  - [Physiopathological correlations between carbohydrate and lipid metabolicm and
      obesity].
AB  - Sugar and fat metabolism were studied in a group of obese women without diabetes.
      Blood triglicerides and cholesterol were, on average, within normal limits,
      though endogenous hypertriglyceridaemia was noted in a few cases. Triglycerides
      were significantly related to blood sugar (baseline and after glucose loading),
      whereas there was no significant connection with blood insulin. The meaning of
      these results is discussed.

PMID- 683563
TI  - [Clinical medicine and preventive medicine].

PMID- 683564
TI  - [Treatment of plasmacytoma].

PMID- 683565
TI  - [Immunological aspects of evolutive hepatopathies].

PMID- 683566
TI  - [Study of the regulation of ventilation by evaluation of the medium inspiratory
      flow].

PMID- 683567
TI  - [Biological considerations on thalassemia. Therapeutic theories and
      implications].

PMID- 683568
TI  - [Indications for surgical treatment of painful hip].

PMID- 683569
TI  - [Findings on the frequency of apparently healthy carriers of HBsAg in the
      population of Fermano].

PMID- 683570
TI  - [Ultrasonics in medicine].

PMID- 683571
TI  - [The immunologic problems in chronic glomerulonephritis. Doubts of a clinical
      immunologist].

PMID- 683572
TI  - [Immunological tests in "systemic lupus erythematosus"].

PMID- 683573
TI  - [The in vivo characteristics, genetics and importance of natural cytotoxicity
      transmitted through lymphocytes].

PMID- 683574
TI  - [The effect of the composition of immune complexes on the induction of complement
      dependent immune complex elimination].

PMID- 683575
TI  - [Dosimetric experience with mammography].
AB  - Dose measurements were carried out during mammography with both conventional
      films without a reinforcement screen and with Low-dose films, using hot press
      chip lithium fluoride meters on the breast, sternum, mons Veneris, and the
      glabella between the supraciliary arches. The results made it clear that there
      were no dosimetric objections to the large-scale employment of mammography in
      diagnosis. Value absorbed were lower than those given in the literature for both
      the conventional and the Low-dose system.

PMID- 683576
TI  - [Medullary plasmocytosis in urologically silent Grawitz' tumor].
AB  - Three cases of urologically silent Grawitz' tumour detected by a pathological
      blood picture marked by marrow plasmacytosis are presented. The importance of
      paraneoplastic syndromes in this tumour form is discussed. The association
      observed is common and its classification as a paraneoplastic syndrome is
      examined.

PMID- 683578
TI  - [Refresher course in phlebography at the Italian Society of Angiology].

PMID- 683577
TI  - [Absenteeism and influenza. Analysis of relationship between the excess morbidity
      and the influenza phenomenon].
AB  - The results are reported of a survey on the influenza phenomenon made on a
      sampling of about 100,000 subjects from the FIAT working community. The study is
      based on the absenteeism information for both over and under three days absence,
      for the time period between October 1976 and April 1977. In addition, a tentative
      evaluation of the influenza phenomenon has been made not only for the overall
      working population but also for various age groups.

PMID- 683579
TI  - [Role of disseminated intravascular coagulation after major heart surgery].

PMID- 683580
TI  - [Low postoperative stroke volume in valvular cardiopathies].

PMID- 683581
TI  - [Anti-platelet-aggregation drugs and atherosclerosis].
AB  - The relationship between hyperlipidaemia and thrombophilic state in
      atherosclerosis was appraised by evaluation of platelet aggregation according to
      Breddin in 20 patients with clinically established atherosclerosis, 10 normal
      controls, and 22 subjects taken from the average population of a medical
      department aged 12-58 yr with no history of atherosclerosis. Normal screening for
      the disease was carried out in all patients. Drugs inhibiting platelet
      aggregation were given to all subjects in Breddin's 3rd or 4th stage. A
      relationship was noted between Breddin stage and the seriousness of
      atherosclerosis, while the former was a pointer to thrombophilic states. The
      drugs administered were able to reverse the aggregation stage.

PMID- 683582
TI  - [Viral neuraxitis. Epidemiological and clinical aspects].
AB  - Seven cases of acute neuraxitis due to Coxsackie B3, 2 to mumps, 1 to measles,
      and 1 to influenza B observed in the province of Alessandria between Jan. 1975
      and July 1977 are described. In the coxsackie cases, blood chemistry and clinical
      examinations were coupled with determination of serum levels of complement
      fixing, haemagglutin-inhibiting and neutralising antibodies on two successive
      specimens, isolation of virus from cerebrospinal fluid and faeces, and, in one
      case, from a cerebral biopsy specimen, and determination of cerebrospinal fluid
      IgA, IgG, and IgM. Some particularly interesting epidemiological, immunological
      and clinical features of teh series are discussed more fully.

PMID- 683583
TI  - [Enviromental factors in the pathogenesis of thyroid cancer].
AB  - Local factors with a possible influence on the frequency and histological type of
      thyroid cancer are examined in the light of cases observed at the Mauriziano
      Hospital in the last 10 years. The overall number of cases has been increasing
      and papilliferous forms have been more common than follicular forms. Iodine
      deficiency and thyrotropin hyper-stimulation encourage onset and account for the
      higher frequency of thyroid cancer in endemic areas, where, however, follicular
      forms are more common. Ironising radiation is a direct cause, particularly of
      papilliferous forms arising after exposure during youth.

PMID- 683584
TI  - [Thrombocytopenia caused by rifampicin. Case report].

PMID- 683585
TI  - [Considerations on the open letter of the president of the Italian Society of
      Obstetrics and Gynecology to the Ministers of Public Education, of Health and of
      Pardon and Justice].

PMID- 683587
TI  - [The quarantined dialysis room for Australia-antigen-positive patients.
      Theoretical, normative, structural, operational, organizational and management
      aspects].
AB  - The technical features of dialysis facilitate the transmission of hepatitis B
      virus and the outbreak of possibly serious epidemics among patients and hospital
      staffs. Statistical, epidemiological and clinical data have been collected on
      many occasions. They serve to emphasise the problem and the need for quarantined
      centres. The establishment of such a centre for HBsAg-positive patients is
      discussed in the light of personal experience in the design and setting up of
      quarantined rooms. The underlying technical and structural requirements are also
      examined. Reference is also made to two years' experience in the running of a
      room of this kind. Stress is laid on the importance of having a room for these
      patients, not only from the clinical standpoint (lessening of contagion), but
      also from teh social and exonomic standpoint (reduced costs and length of
      hospital stay, greater rehabilitation).

PMID- 683586
TI  - [Changes of plasmatic amino acids in various cases of acute hepatic necrosis and
      insufficiency in man].
AB  - Changes in total and individual plasma amino acid were examined in subjects with
      necrosis of the liver and acute insufficiency. Quantitative variations in single
      amino acids and their percentages were noted in all cases. The extent of such
      change and the number of amino acids involved were roughly proportional to the
      degree of insufficiency. A continuous and persistent increase in total blood
      amino acids can be regarded as a poor prognostic sign, especially if accompanied
      by a sharp fall in necrosis enzymes. Such an increase, in fact, was only observed
      in extremely serious cases.

PMID- 683588
TI  - [A case of pure erythroblastic aplasia effectively treated with immunosuppressive
      drugs].
AB  - A case of PRCA, refractory to corticosteroids and androgenes is reported. The
      patient presented persistent remission when treated with Cyclophosphamide. The
      review of the cases treated with immunosuppressive drugs proves that this
      treatment is effective and emphasizes the probable autoimmune pathogenesis of
      PRCA.

PMID- 683589
TI  - [A case of the Ramsay-Hunt syndrome (herpes zoster of the geniculate ganglion)
      with concomitant C2 and C3 nerve involvement].
AB  - A case of Ramsay-Hunt syndrome (herpes zoster of the genicular ganglion with
      paresis of the facial nerve) presenting concomitant involvement of the sensitive
      nerve roots C2 and C3 is reported. The main aetiopathogenetic hypotheses as
      reported in the literature are presented and an attempt made to formulate a
      standard aetiopathogenetic theory comprising lesions to the motor nerve fibres
      and those of the sensitive nerve fibres.

PMID- 683590
TI  - [Bioenergetics. Interview granted by Dr. Alexander Lowin of New York].

PMID- 683591
TI  - [New criteria in the psychophysical rehabilitation of enterostomized patients.
      Problems of operative technic].

PMID- 683592
TI  - [Guidelines for the rehabilitation of patients with enterostomies].

PMID- 683593
TI  - [Dietetic and metabolic problems of enterostomized patients].

PMID- 683594
TI  - [Psychological aspects in the psychophysical rehabilitation of the enterostomized
      patient].

PMID- 683595
TI  - [Organizational hygienic difficulties in the problems of enterostomized patients
      in the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region].

PMID- 683596
TI  - [Microangiological study in a subject with obliterating arteriopathy of the lower
      extremities].

PMID- 683597
TI  - [A case of acute carbon monoxide poisoning?].

PMID- 683598
TI  - [A case of "late" perforation of the right atrium during permanent endocardiac
      stimulation].

PMID- 683599
TI  - [Bioptic and immunologic study of glomerulonephritis].

PMID- 683600
TI  - [Glomerulonephritis with mesangial IgA deposits].

PMID- 683601
TI  - [Immunological study of glomerular nephropathies in childhood].

PMID- 683602
TI  - [Immunologic aspects of chronic pyelonephritis].

PMID- 683603
TI  - Monitoring immunocytoma.

PMID- 683604
TI  - [Clinical significance of cold antibodies].

PMID- 683605
TI  - [Immunologic aspects of Hodgkin's disease].

PMID- 683606
TI  - [Serology of autoimmune hemolytic diseases].

PMID- 683607
TI  - [Standardization of the anti-complement activity in Coombs serum].

PMID- 683608
TI  - [Changes in vaginal-wall connective tissue and epithelium induced with chorionic
      gonadotropin (HCG) in menopausal women].

PMID- 683609
TI  - [Study of the relationships between areas of decelerations of the fetal
      phonocardiogram and acid-base equilibrium in labor].

PMID- 683610
TI  - [Radiotherapy and surgery of carcinoma of the cervix].

PMID- 683611
TI  - [Analysis of mammographic findings in 5348 selected cases. Prospects].

PMID- 683612
TI  - [Graduate medical students and contraception. Study on a sample of 6th year
      students at the University of Turin Medical School].

PMID- 683613
TI  - [Clinical experience with a new treatment of mycotic or mixed vaginitis].

PMID- 683614
TI  - [Therapy of mycotic vulvovaginitis. Clinical and microbiological findings
      concerning miconazole nitrate].

PMID- 683615
TI  - [Antibiotic therapy in a specialist hospital environment].

PMID- 683616
TI  - [Long-term results of treatment with Progestasert for the control of fertility].

PMID- 683617
TI  - [Topical treatment of cervico-vaginal lesions using a placental extract with
      anticomplement activity].

PMID- 683618
TI  - Incidence of subclinical metastasis in stage I and II ovarian carcinoma.
AB  - The incidence of unsuspected metastasis to the diaphgram, retroperitoneal lymph
      nodes, and omentum as well as malignant cytologic peritoneal washings in women
      with presumed localized ovarian cancer is presented. Of the women with presumed
      Stage I ovarian cancer, from our clinical experience and those reported in the
      literature, 11.3% were found to have diaphragmatic metastases, 13.3% had aortic
      lymph node metastases, 8.1% had pelvic lymph node metastases, 3.2% had omental
      metastases, and 32.9% had malignant peritoneal washings. In Stage II ovarian
      cancer, 23% were found to have diaphgragmatic metastases, 10.0% had aortic lymph
      node metastases, 0% had omental metastases, and 12.5% had malignant peritoneal
      washings.

PMID- 683619
TI  - Anaerobic bacterial recovery from two transport systems in a study of gynecologic
      flora.
AB  - Several systems for transporting specimens to the laboratory to test for the
      presence of anaerobic bacteria are available to clinicians. To date, these have
      not been systematically compared, especially regarding cost-effectiveness. This
      study compares recovery of anaerobic organisms from genital cultures of
      gynecological patients under bacteriologic study for research purposes. Two
      transport systems for delivery of specimens to the laboratory were studied: 1)
      the commercially available Anaswab system, and 2) a modified Stuart medium
      (transport charcoal medium) with 0.2% added agar in addition to 0.2% added
      charcoal. Our data shows no significant difference in kinds of anaerobic
      organisms recovered using either system when specimens are transported to the
      laboratory within 24 hours. Although the sites of culturing compared in this
      study are not directly applicable to the problem of pelvic infection,
      nevertheless the potential for lowering cost by selecting alternative systems for
      anaerobic recovery should prompt further comparisons in clinical settings. Some
      practical suggestions are made for applying agar-modified transport charcoal
      medium, the less expensive alternative, to clinical situations.

PMID- 683620
TI  - Heating of metallic intrauterine contraceptive devices during ultrasound
      examination.
AB  - Heating of metallic IUDs during ultrasound examination has been suggested as a
      possible hazard to surrounding tissues. Serial temperature measurements of such
      devices during insonation with commercially available ultrasound equipment show
      no temperature changes during prolonged exposure. The results indicate that the
      possibility of significant heating of metallic objects within the body may be
      disregarded in clinical practice.

PMID- 683621
TI  - Obstetric factors in fetal-neonatal visceral injury.

PMID- 683622
TI  - Amniotic fluid copper and zinc concentrations in human pregnancy.
AB  - Amniotic fluid concentrations of zinc and copper were measured in human pregnancy
      of 12 to 44 weeks' gestation. Although mean values for both metals are relatively
      flat throughout pregnancy, there appears to be a relative increase in copper
      levels between 26 and 33 weeks' gestation, and increasing levels of zinc after 34
      weeks. Correlations with fetal age or fetal-maternal disease are not apparent in
      specimens from this heterogenous population.

PMID- 683623
TI  - Use of hPL in the diagnosis of intrauterine growth retardation.
AB  - Measurements were taken of human placental lactogen (hPL) in 111 pregnant
      patients with subnormal uterine growth or complications often associated with
      IUGR and assessed as a measurement of growth retardation. The results of this
      study are presented here.

PMID- 683624
TI  - Management of premature rupture of the membranes.
AB  - A 14-month prospective study of patients with premature rupture of the membranes
      was performed. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of different
      therapeutic regimens for management of premature rupture of the membranes (PROM)
      on perinatal morbidity and mortality, as well as on maternal morbidity. Maternal
      and fetal risk factors and predictive factors in pregnancy outcome were
      prospectively defined. In patients with PROM whose gestational age was 34 weeks
      or more, induction within the first 12 hours of membrane rupture resulted in
      minimal maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Patients with gestational age
      of less than 34 weeks had an improved maternal and fetal outcome if left alone
      until spontaneous labor or 34 weeks' gestation was reached unless signs of sepsis
      developed. Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) was the leading cause of morbidity
      and mortality in the infants of patients who delivered prematurely due to
      premature rupture of the membranes. Incidence of fetal infection was
      significantly less than that of RDS as a cause for fetal morbidity and mortality.

PMID- 683625
TI  - Hansen's disease in pregnancy.
AB  - Hansen's disease with pregnancy is an uncommon concurrence in the United States.
      The clinical courses of 62 pregnancies in 26 treated patients with various types
      of Hansen's disease are reported. In general, patients with Hansen's disease do
      well in pregnancy. However, the subgroups of active lepromatous and dimorphous
      types have an increased incidence of obstetric and disease complications.
      Additional important observations include a high incidence of false-positive
      biologic tests for syphilis, with the possibility that the FTA-ABS test may also
      be falsely positive in pregnant patients with Hansen's disease. Sulfone drugs may
      be used safely during pregnancy. There is a low incidence of congenital
      malformations, but an unusually high incidence of twinning in this small group of
      patients.

PMID- 683626
TI  - The large fetus. Management and outcome.
AB  - In a 4-year retrospective review of 801 pregnancies that resulted in the delivery
      of an infant weighing 4100 g (9 lb) or more, increased incidence of both maternal
      and perinatal complications was noted. There were no maternal deaths, and ther
      perinatal mortality rate was 0.49%. The second stage of labor was prolonged in
      9.7% of primigravidas and in 2.2% of multiparas. Shoulder dystocia and perineal
      lacerations were related to increasing birthweight. Difficult deliveries
      resulting in clavicle fracture or brachial plexus injuries, and facial trauma
      contributed to the 11.4% perinatal morbidity rate. Asphyxia was observed in 7.7%
      and hypoglycemia in 5.2% of the neonates. Congenital anomalies (1.5%) were not
      increased in the large fetus group. Close surveillance for diabetes mellitus and
      anticipation of the potential complications associated with delivery of a large
      infant may reduce maternal and neonatal morbidity rates and maintain low
      mortality rates.

PMID- 683627
TI  - Antibiotic therapy of endometritis following cesarean section. Treatment
      successes and failures.
AB  - A prospective clinical and microbiologic study was carried out on 413 indigent
      patients undergoing cesarean section. Operative site infection developed in 160
      (38.5%). Initial treatment with penicillin and kanamycin was successful in 125 of
      these 160 infections (78%). Thirty-five patients (22%) failed to respond to
      penicillin and kanamycin and were treated with clindamycin or chloramphenicol.
      Twenty-eight of the 35 responded promptly to the additional antibiotic therapy.
      The remaining 7 patients (4%) had either abscesses, hematomas, or presumed septic
      pelvic thrombophlebitis. Among patients with anaerobic cultures, B fragilis was
      isolated with 12% with a good response to penicillin-kanamycin, but from 53% with
      a poor response to penicillin-kanamycin and with a good response to clindamycin
      or chloramphenicol. Similar critical evaluations of other antibiotic regimens are
      needed.

PMID- 683628
TI  - Pregnancy specific beta1 glycoprotein in fetal and maternal compartments.
AB  - Pregnancy specific beta glycoprotein is produced by the syncytiotrophoblast and
      secreted into the maternal peripheral circulation reaching levels of
      approximately 200 m/liter in normal pregnancy at term. In the present study the
      distribution of this newly defined placental protein was examined in maternal and
      fetal compartments in 12 patients at delivery.

PMID- 683629
TI  - The estriol/creatinine ratio in a random urine sample as a screening test.
AB  - The estriol/creatinine ratio was determined in a first morning urine sample in
      1808 pregnancies in the 32nd week of gestation. The ratio obtained correlated
      closely with birthweight and showed a linear increase with percentile birthweight
      group. There was a 25-fold increase in perinatal mortality in those pregnancies
      with a ratio below the tenth percentile; all pregnancies ending in stillbirths
      with birthweight below the tenth percentile gave such a ratio. The single
      estrogen/creatinine ratio allowed the early detection of a group of pregnancies
      at high risk of intrauterine growth retardation or major total abnormality
      without inconvenience for the patient.

PMID- 683630
TI  - Planned vaginal delivery following cesarean section.
AB  - A program of trial labor by patients who had previously undergone one low
      cervical transverse cesarean section is described. Experience with 526 such
      patients shows that 49% delivered vaginally, doing so with slightly less
      morbidity and a shorter hospital stay than 108 similar patients not given a trial
      labor. Perinatal mortality and morbidity were unaffected by trial or route of
      delivery. Uterine rupture was encountered three times in the trial group and once
      in the nontrial patients but at no time resulted in a serious threat to the
      mother or child. Fertility was retained in 2 of the 4 patients. A significant
      increase in maternal morbidity was noted among patients whose trial labor
      resulted in a repeat cesarean section.

PMID- 683631
TI  - Continued pregnancy after failed first trimester abortion.
AB  - Forty-six patients with unintentional continued pregnancy were detected among a
      series of 65,045 first trimester abortions. Patients at greatest risk are those
      with very early pregnancy and those with marked uterine anteversion or
      retroversion or with uterine anomaly. Attention to gestational duration and
      uterine size as related to the amount and character of the evacuated tissue,
      particularly stressing identification of villi and fetal tissues, may help avoid
      this problem.

PMID- 683632
TI  - Amniotic fluid transfer of meperidine from maternal plasma in early pregnancy.
AB  - Concurrent samples of maternal plasma and amniotic fluid were collected from 40
      subjects during the second trimester of pregnancy following a single
      intramuscular dose of meperidine (100 mg). Maternal meperidine plasma levels were
      highest in samples collected from 15 to 50 minutes after drug administration.
      Thereafter the level declined during the next 2 hours. Meperidine was not
      detected in amniotic fluid until 30 minutes after the intramuscular dose. We
      estimated that an apparent equilibrium was reached between plasma and amniotic
      fluid at 120 to 155 minutes after the drug was given to the mother. Normeperidine
      was not detected in either maternal plasma or amniotic fluid during the time
      course of this study.

PMID- 683633
TI  - Obstetric outcome before and after metroplasty in women with uterine anomalies.
AB  - A review of 49 patients with uterine anomalies was made to determine the
      relationship of anomalies to infertility, to obstetric outcome, and to
      indications for surgical reconstruction (metroplasty). For 41 of the 49 patients
      with obstetric histories, the overall pregnancy wastage was 72%, with bicornuate
      and septate patients having 85 to 90% wastage. The 28% of pregnancies that were
      successful were largely accounted for by patients with didelphic anomalies. It
      was found that infertility was an uncommon problem in these patients and it
      should rarely be an indication for metroplasty. In 21 patients properly selected
      for metroplasty because of repeat pregnancy loss, the obstetric outcome improved
      from 7% successful pregnancies before surgery to 75% postoperatively. Patients
      with septate or bicornuate anomalies were found to be poor obstetric performers
      and likely candidates for repair, while patients with didelphic anomalies
      achieved obstetric satisfaction without surgical intervention.

PMID- 683634
TI  - Podophyllin poisoning. Systemic toxicity following cutaneous application.
AB  - The toxicity of topically applied podophyllin in a 16-year-old girl is presented.
      Coma requiring respiratory support and major neurologic complications as well as
      hematologic and hepatic toxicity was observed. Therapy with a new modality,
      charcoal hemoperfusion, resulted in resolution of the acute toxicity, leaving a
      peripheral neuropathy which had not completely resolved after 4 months. The
      pharmacology and suggested treatment measures for the toxicity of this rarely
      reported agent are reviewed.

PMID- 683635
TI  - Syphilitic cervicitis. A report of a case.
AB  - A case report of a young female who had a biopsy of a cervical lesion suspicious
      for malignancy is presented. After further evaluation, an initial diagnosis of
      Stage III sarcoma of the cervix was considered. The patient was eventually
      appropriately treated for a syphilitic chancre of the cervix. The pitfalls of
      diagnosis in this patient and other patients in the literature who have leutic
      cervicitis are stressed in order to alert the practicing gynecologist to this
      unusual location of a common veneral disease.

PMID- 683636
TI  - Douche-induced pelvic peritoneal starch granuloma.
AB  - A case of granulomatous peritonitis occurring in a patient without previous
      surgical history is described. The patient was initially seen because of vaginal
      bleeding. Gynecologic examination disclosed an ovarian mass which, at laparotomy,
      grossly mimicked a carcinoma with peritoneal seeding. Histological studies
      revealed focal chronic granulomatous peritonitis with starch granules as
      determined by polarization microscopy. It is hypothesized that prolonged use by
      the patient of a suspension of powder in water as a douche introduced the
      offending agent into the pelvic peritoneum.

PMID- 683637
TI  - Acute visual loss during pregnancy after bromocriptine-induced ovulation. The
      elusive tumor.
AB  - The evaluation of patients complaining of amenorrhea with or without galactorrhea
      has been greatly enhanced by the availability of serum prolactin determinations
      and advances in diagnostic radiology. Likewise, the treatment of these patients
      with ergot derivative has resulted in the return of normal menses, and many
      pregnancies have been reported. The present report is of a patient with
      hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea-galactorrhea successfully treated with
      bromocriptine. A pregnancy followed resumption of menses, and a suprasellar
      cromophobeadenoma became manifest by producing blindness of the patient. The case
      is presented with recommendations for diagnosis and treatment.

PMID- 683638
TI  - Acute necrotizing fasciitis of the endopelvic fascia.
AB  - A patient with an extensive necrotizing infection of the endopelvic fascia is
      presented. Cultures and tissue sections revealed the organisms responsible to be
      a mixed infection of Bacteroides, Staphylococcus, and Streptococcus. Hypertension
      and diabetic vascular disease were felt to contribute to the initiation of the
      disease process in this unusual site.

PMID- 683639
TI  - Squamous cell carcinoma in situ of the vagina and cervix after intrauterine DES
      exposure.
AB  - Two patients exposed in utero to maternal DES ingestion presented with adenosis.
      Each developed intraepithelial neoplasia in an area of active metaplastic change.
      The question is raised whether a continuum exists beginning with DES exposure and
      proceeding through the occurrence of adenosis and active squamous metaplasia to
      dysplastic alteration and finally squamous neoplasia. Since the cytologic smear
      is negative in 50% of cases during the dysplastic phase, it is recommened that
      all cases of adenosis be followed by colposcopy.

PMID- 683640
TI  - Endometrioid carcinoma of the fallopian tube.
AB  - A case of endometrioid carcinoma arising in endometriosis of the fallopian tube
      is described. One case of tubal endometrioid carcinoma has been reported
      previously, but the entity has not hitherto been recognized among primary
      fallopian tube tumors. The clinical presentations, histopathology, and
      pathogenesis of this rare tumor are discussed.

PMID- 683641
TI  - Delayed interval delivery of a twin pregnancy.
AB  - A twin pregnancy is reported in which a prolonged interval between delivery of
      twins was accomplished by the use of labor-inhibiting drugs and the placement of
      a cerevical cerclage. Infants weighting 690 and 1192 g were delivered from a
      mother with a normal uterus at 27 and 31 weeks' gestation, with survival of the
      second twin. Pathologic and sonographic findings in the case, philosophies of its
      management, and a review of the medical literature are presented. The case is
      apparently unique to obstetric literature.

PMID- 683642
TI  - A spinal cord neurolemmoma in pregnancy.
AB  - A case of spinal cord neurolemmoma (Schwanoma) in pregnancy is described. A
      review of the literature fails to reveal any similar tumors in association with
      pregnancy. Diagnosis, treatment, and pathogenesis of spinal cord tumors in
      pregnancy are reviewed.

PMID- 683643
TI  - Barogenic rupture of the esophagus associated with hyperemesis gravidarum.
AB  - Spontaneous rupture of the esophagus is associated with continuous nausea and
      vomiting in the chronic alcoholic. The following is a case report of a similar
      occurrence in a young, healthy, primigravida with hyperemesis gravidarum. To our
      knowledge, this has not previously been reported in the obstetric literature.

PMID- 683644
TI  - Pregnancy after jejunoileal bypass. A review and report of one case.
AB  - A case of pregnancy after jejunoileal bypass is presented. Fifty-six full-term
      pregnancies among 44 patients reported in the literature are reviewed. Pregnancy
      is not contraindicated after jejunoileal bypass, as it is accompanied by few more
      problems than those normally encountered in the obese woman. Somewhat smaller
      babies are born from these pregnancies and some minor disturbances of glucose,
      protein, and minerals may have to be adjusted during the pregnancy. A two-year
      interval is suggested after jejunoileal bypass before pregnancy is undertaken, to
      allow a weight-loss plateau to be established. The 7% incidence of severe
      congenital anomalies among these 57 pregnancies is higher than normal and
      suggests an added risk.

PMID- 683645
TI  - Nonobstructive cecal dilatation and perforation after cesarean section.
AB  - A case of nonobstructive cecal dilatation and perforation after cesarean section
      is reported with a review of the surgical literature on the management of this
      entity.

PMID- 683647
TI  - Incompetent cervix in offspring exposed to diethylstilbestrol in utero.
AB  - Five patients with malformation and hypoplasia of the cervix due to
      diethylstilbestrol (DES)-exposure in utero developed cervical incompetency during
      the second trimester. Four of the patients were managed successfully during
      pregnancy with a modified Shirodkar cerclage procedure which was performed at the
      first sign of cervical effacement and dilitation. The fifth patient, who had lost
      2 pregnancies because of cervical incompentency, underwent a modified Lash
      procedure and permanent cerclage in the nonpregnant state and was delivered at
      term by primary cesarean section. In view of the large number of women exposed to
      DES who have grossly abnormal-appearing and hypoplastic cervices, it is important
      for obstetricians to be aware of this potential complication in order to avoid
      second trimester losses which could be prevented by prompt surgical intervention.

PMID- 683646
TI  - Antenatal diagnosis of Potter syndrome.
AB  - A case is presented of bilateral renal agenesis (Potter syndrome) which was
      diagnosed before birth. The diagnosis was based on severe oligohydramnios,
      unrecognizable fetal kidneys and bladder on ultrasound, and failure to
      demonstrate a fetal bladder after administration of furosemide. Ultrasonic
      evidence of a hypoplastic thoracic cage provided further support for the
      intrauterine diagnosis.

PMID- 683648
TI  - Amniotic fluid embolism and disseminated intravascular coagulation after
      evacuation of missed abortion.
AB  - The combination of amniotic fluid embolism and disseminated intravascular
      coagulation in obstetrics usually occurs at term associated with tumultuous
      labor. Maternal death almost inevitably follows. That these two crises may occur
      associated with abortion in herewith reported for the first time. Prompt
      recognition and aggressive appropriate therapy were responsible for patient
      survival with virtually no residual sequelae. Diagnosis was established on the
      basis of serial chest x-rays, pulmonary function tests, sputum, and serial blood
      studies.

PMID- 683649
TI  - Ureterouterine fistula as a complication of elective abortion.
AB  - A rare case of ureterouterine fistula following a uterine curettage for elective
      abortion is presented. Review of the literature and management of the present
      case outlines two different methods of managment of this complication of surgery.
      Attention is called to the possibility of this complication occurring following
      uterine curettage for elective abortion.

PMID- 683650
TI  - Thrombocytopenia in two patients treated with low-dose heparin.
AB  - Two cases of thrombocytopenia, one resulting in bleeding, are reported in
      patients treated with prophylactic low-dose heparin. The evidence indicates that
      low-dose heparin was responsible. A review of the literature indicates that
      heparin-induced thrombocytopenia may be a common event. Since low-dose heparin
      has been shown to decrease the incidence of venous thrombosis and subsequent
      pulmonary embolism in patients undergoing major surgery, recommendations are made
      for monitoring platelet counts in such patients.

PMID- 683652
TI  - Local spread and lymph node involvement in cervical cancer.
AB  - In 150 cases of carcinoma of the cervix the specimens obtained by radical
      hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy were examined by means of giant frontal section
      preparations which included adjacent parametria. Serial step sections of lymph
      nodes were performed. There were 44 cases of Stage IB, 13 of Stage IIA, and 93 of
      Stage IIB. Lymph node involvement was 16%, 33%, and 37%, respectively. The size
      of each cervical tumor was expressed in square millimeters as an "area
      equivalent," the product of its vertical and horizontal diameters in the frontal
      plane. Cross relationships of tumor size, incidence of lymph node metastasis,
      border zone spread, and parametrial involvement were studied and are discussed.
      It is concluded that tumor size gives a better indication of tumor behavior than
      does clinical staging and constitutes an objective method of classifying tumors
      that the latter cannot attain.

PMID- 683651
TI  - Nuclear DNA study of vaginal and cervical squamous cell abnormalities in DES
      exposed progeny.

PMID- 683653
TI  - The use of pelvic arteriography in assessing carcinoma of the cervix.
AB  - Twenty-nine patients underwent pelvic arteriography as a part of their pre
      radical-hysterectomy evaluation for cervical carcinoma. False-positive studies
      were as common as false-negative studies, not only in the assessment of tumor
      extension locally, but also in determining the presence of pelvic lymph node
      involvement. Twenty-one patients underwent preoperative irradiation, but the lack
      of correlation was similar in 8 patients who were treated by primary radical
      surgery a few days after arteriography. The clinical estimate of tumor extension
      corresponded more closely to the pathologic findings than pelvic arteriography.

PMID- 683654
TI  - Radioactive phosphorus and external radiation as an adjuvant to surgery for
      ovarian carcinoma.
AB  - At the Johns Hopkins Hospital between the years 1967 and 1973, 40 patients with
      primary ovarian carcinoma were treated with radioactive phosphorus. Of these, 19
      were treated with external radiation in addition. The morbidity from the
      radioactive phosphorus alone was negligible. Dosages of less than 5000 rads to
      the pelvis were usually well tolerated even when given in combination with the
      isotope. Pathologic changes in the bowel are discussed.

PMID- 683655
TI  - Unilateral ovarian abscess associated with the intrauterine device.
AB  - Four cases of primary ovarian abscess associated with intrauterine contraceptive
      devices are presented. It is proposed that both their unilaterality and the fact
      that they were primary in the ovary rather than tuboovarian are due to the fact
      that bacteria from the intrauterine device are shed continuously through the
      fallopian tubes, resulting in the inoculation of the corpus luteum, a unilateral
      structure. Removal of the ovarian abscess without additional surgical therapy is
      sufficient for a patient with this type of pelvic infection.

PMID- 683656
TI  - Fetal activity determinations and oxytoxin challenge tests for assessment of
      fetal well-being.
AB  - Fetal activity determinations followed by oxytocin challenge tests were performed
      in 101 patients. When fetal heart accelerations occurred following fetal
      movement, the oxytocin stress test was negative in 99.5% of the cases. An
      abnormal fetal activity determination was followed by a positive oxytocin
      challenge test in 12% of the cases. It is suggested that a normal fetal activity
      determination is indicative of good fetal reserve and therefore reduces the need
      for oxytocin challenge test. An abnormal fetal activity determination, however,
      is unreliable and requires that an oxytocin challenge test be performed.

PMID- 683657
TI  - Intensive care in adolescent pregnancy.
AB  - Adolescent pregnancy has long been considered high risk perinatally. It is also a
      symptom of social disorder. Older studies provided ominous portents of increased
      risk of toxemia, prematurity, anemia, cephalopelvic disproportion, and perinatal
      wastage. Studies during the past decade have shown more encouraging data,
      especially when representing a concerted effort toward this age group. The first
      2 years of an intensive and individual approach to gravidas under age 17 are
      discussed. A total of 135 young women were studied and compared with 100 controls
      of similar age, treated routinely, and with 100 women of more nearly ideal
      childbearing age. Perinatal and social data are shown. The implications of the
      data are discussed in light of other studies. Few, if any, medical differences
      between the two groups of adolescents and the older women are noted. More
      important are the social and emotional factors in determining future
      difficulties.

PMID- 683658
TI  - Extraabdominal uterine exteriorization at cesarean section.
AB  - A series of 386 consecutive cesarean sections is presented in which postpartum
      uteri were randomly exteriorized or left in situ for suturing the hysterotomy
      incision in an attempt to evaluate differences in morbidity. Both groups were
      shown to be similar with respect to overall morbidity, although a high-morbidity
      subgroup exhibiting increased blood loss was defined and included significantly
      more patients in the noneventrated group. Emesis occurred in 4 (3.4%) patients in
      the eventrated group and was directly related to fundal traction under regional
      anesthesia. Although a larger prospective series is needed to evaluate more
      serious morbidity, the data presented suggest that uterine eventration at
      cesarean section is not to be condemned.

PMID- 683659
TI  - Internal fetal monitoring and maternal infection following cesarean section. A
      prospective study.
AB  - A prospective clinical and microbiologic study was performed on 419 patients
      undergoing cesarean section. A multivariant analysis revealed that labor, rupture
      of the membranes, and vaginal examinations each had a much greater relative
      importance than did internal monitoring in determining infection. In an
      alternative analysis, patients with internal monitoring had no increase in
      frequency or severity of infection, beyond that imposed by labor and rupture of
      membranes. Further, endometrial cultures from patients developing infection after
      internal monitoring were found to have the same bacteria as the cultures of
      patients developing infection without monitoring.

PMID- 683660
TI  - Fetal contribution to oxytocin in human labor.
AB  - Fetal oxytocin contribution to the mother during spontaneous labor was
      investigated using a specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay to measure oxytocin
      in blood, amniotic fluid, and urine. In 26 subjects with spontaneous labor and
      vaginal delivery (Group I) and 18 subjects with cesarean section after labor
      (Group II), umbilical arterial plasma (UA) oxytocin concentrations were
      significantly higher than umbilical venous plasma (UV) ocytocin concentrations.
      With elective cesarean section (Group III), UA oxytocin concentration was 29.8 +/
      7.5 pg/ml and UV oxytocin concentration was 16.1 +/- 5.9 pg/ml (n = 14). In
      contrast, the mean UV oxytocin concentration was higher than the mean UA oxytocin
      concentration, when oxytocin was given to the mothen concentration in Groups I
      and II was significantly higher than in Group III. Amniotic fluid oxytocin
      concentrations in Group I and II patients were higher than in Group III. Oxytocin
      was also present in fetal urine. The findings indicate that during spontaneous
      labor, oxytocin is produced by the fetus and flows toward the maternal
      circulation.

PMID- 683661
TI  - Human placental lactogen levels in multiple pregnancies.
AB  - Serum human placental lactogen (hPL) levels were measured in duplicate with a
      radioimmunoassay in 206 serum samples at 30 and 36 weeks' gestation from women
      with normal singleton pregnancies (75) or pregnancies with twins (37). One
      triplet pregnancy was also studied. The results show a significant elevation of
      hPL in the women with twin pregnancies at both the 30th (7.0 vs 6.0 microgram/ml)
      and the 36th (9.2 vs 7.4 microgram/ml) weeks. One-third of the twin pregnancies
      had values of hPL in excess of 8.0 microgram/ml at 30 weeks and more than half
      had values in excess of 9.0 microgram/ml at 36 weeks. The triplet pregnancy had
      an hPL value of 11.0 microgram/ml at 36 weeks' gestation. These data support the
      potential usefulness of serum hPL measurements in the screening profile for the
      detection of high-risk pregnancies.

PMID- 683662
TI  - Pregnancy after jejunoileal bypass and the SGA infant.
AB  - Twenty-one pregnancies (19 patients) were studied, noting the effects of previous
      jejunoileal bypass on perinatal sequelae. A larger percentage of SGA infants
      (20%) were delivered to mothers after bypass surgery. Low birthweight appears to
      be related to maternal hypoalbuminemia. Twelve of thirteen (92%) infants born to
      multiparous patients after surgery had term birthweights less than any previous
      term infant's birthweight prior to the procedure. Postponement of pregnancy after
      ileal shunt until all metabolic parameters have returned to normal (up to 36
      months) is advised.

PMID- 683664
TI  - Aberrant breast tissue of the vulva. A case report and review of the literature.
AB  - Aberrant breast tissue may occur anywhere along the embryonic milk line. Only 17
      instances of breast tissue of the vulva have been recorded in the English
      literature between 1900 and 1976. Review of these cases, as well as features of
      the patient herein reported, serve as a basis for presenting a clinical profile
      of this interesting entity, its potential complications, and a rationale for
      appropriate management.

PMID- 683663
TI  - Maternal and fetal plasma renin and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activities in
      toxemic pregnancy.
AB  - Toxemic and normotensive pregnant women were compared for plasma renin activity
      (PRA), aldosterone (PA), and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH). At term,
      hypertensive patients exhibited higher levels of PRA and PA, but similar levels
      of DBH, progesterone, and estradiol. Their elevated blood pressure was
      significantly correlated to their levels of PRA. During the delivery levels of
      PRA increased significantly in toxemic patients in spontaneous labor. Venous and
      arterial cord PRA levels were higher in babies born to hypertensive mothers than
      in babies born to normotensive mothers. Three days postpartum, maternal PRA level
      was lower than at term. Seven days postpartum, PRA levels remained higher in
      toxemic than in normal women. Maternal DBH levels did not change during and after
      delivery. Levels of DBH were undetectable in cord blood. We conclude that the
      renin-angiotensin system is involved in the pathogenesis of toxemia.

PMID- 683665
TI  - Skin changes and diseases associated with pregnancy.
AB  - During the gestational period, the skin is among the many organs undergoing
      changes. Various endocrine changes occurring in pregnancy are thought to give
      rise to certain skin changes such as pigmentary alterations, abnormalities in
      hair growth, vascular anomalies, and striae. Also, there are several skin
      diseases unique to the pregnant woman. Whereas the physiologic skin changes are
      mainly of cosmetic importance, the various pregnancy-unique skin diseases have
      associated symptoms, and an increase in both fetal and/or maternal morbidity and
      mortality is associated with several of these skin diseases.

PMID- 683666
TI  - Rubella antibody titer. The significance of low-titered rubella antibodies.
AB  - The hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) test is not mathematically precise and
      reproducible. Thus, it is critical to know whether or not the threshold titer (1
      : 10) of detectable rubella antibody is indicative of true immunity. Three
      patients with a 1 : 10 HAI titer presented with subsequent rubella during
      gestation. Ninety postpartum patients with a HAI titer of 1 : 10 were vaccinated
      and the rubella antibody titers were reassessed. Seventeen percent of these
      patients responded to the vaccine challenge with an eightfold or greater rise in
      titer. Thus, we recommend that the patient with a low HAI titer (1 : 10) should
      be considered to have marginal immunity to rubella and should be vaccinated.

PMID- 683667
TI  - Fertility after cryosurgery of the cervix.
AB  - Fertility in patients following cryosurgery of the cervix was evaluated in 412
      women. Cryosurgery does not appear to have any effect on subsequent fertility
      when compared with the general population.

PMID- 683668
TI  - Continent vesicostomy. Application in a patient.
AB  - Continent vesicostomy, as performed in the laboratory animal, allows the severely
      dysfunctional bladder to be emptied at predetermined intervals by transabdominal
      catheterization. The formation of a continent vesicostomy in a patient with
      markedly impaired bladder function secondary to an extended pelvic operation for
      the treatment of cancer is described. This technique provides a possible
      alternative to the construction of a urinary conduit in patients disabled from
      the treatment of a pelvic malignancy.

PMID- 683669
TI  - Intrauterine growth retardation. Antenatal diagnosis by ultrasound.
AB  - Serial cephalometry is useful not only in defining the risk for intrauterine
      growth retardation (IUGR) in relation to each fetus' growth potential but also in
      identifying symmetric versus asymmetric undergrown fetuses. It is suggested that
      all fetuses with biparietal diameters falling below the 25th percentile or
      dropping to a lower percentile division undergo biophysical and biochemical
      monitoring for detection of the affected fetus. The value of the head-to-abdomen
      circumference ratio close to term in delineating asymmetric undergrown fetuses is
      discussed.

PMID- 683670
TI  - Engineering, sampling, and surveillance: a team approach to respiratory
      protection.

PMID- 683671
TI  - OSHA reduces limit for inorganic arsenic.

PMID- 683672
TI  - Workers free to talk to OSHA inspectors.

PMID- 683673
TI  - Teamwork: Local exhaust ventilation.

PMID- 683674
TI  - Respirator fitting: the key to protecting workers.
AB  - How can you be sure that workers are being properly fitted with respirators? For
      now8 quantitative fit tests are the best way, unless hazards are minimal.

PMID- 683675
TI  - What steps must be taken to establish a respiratory protection program?
AB  - The author discusses eleven 'commandments' for such a program, among them the
      need for written operating procedures, proper selection and storage, and
      training.

PMID- 683676
TI  - Employee education, management support can halt respirator abuse.
AB  - Workers need to know why they wear respirators. And their use of protective
      equipment must always be supervised and governed by written procedures.

PMID- 683677
TI  - Nurses can 'take the heat' off of workers.
AB  - The most serious danger is heat stroke, but cramps and exhaustion also afflict
      workers whose surroundings or physical makeup make them vulnerable to heat
      stress.

PMID- 683678
TI  - How do job-related problems contribute to child abuse?
AB  - Many child abusing parents are unemployed, but others who work may bring their
      job-related frustrations home, where they explode into violent child abuse.

PMID- 683679
TI  - Nurse practitioner has a central role in hospital health service.
AB  - As director of the hospital health service at George Washington Medical Center,
      this nurse practitioner has clinical, administrative, and educational duties.

PMID- 683681
TI  - [Current knowledge on malabsorption syndrome].

PMID- 683680
TI  - Supreme Court requires OSHA to obtain warrants.

PMID- 683682
TI  - [In vitro use of radioactive isotope diagnostic methods in the medical
      laboratory].

PMID- 683683
TI  - [The role of echocardiography in the diagnosis of pericardial fluid
      accumulation].

PMID- 683684
TI  - [Esophageal injuries in the newborn].

PMID- 683685
TI  - [New trends in the WHO program for organizing health personnel].

PMID- 683686
TI  - [Osmolarity studies in the late phase of various types of nephritis and
      nephrosis].

PMID- 683687
TI  - [Iatrogenic damage in the treatment of bronchial asthma].

PMID- 683688
TI  - [Successfully treated Yersinia enterocolitica sepsis associated with liver
      abscess].

PMID- 683689
TI  - [Cardiologic diagnosis in the newborn].

PMID- 683690
TI  - [Etiology of juvenile AV-block].

PMID- 683691
TI  - Priorities in health care delivery in Iran.

PMID- 683692
TI  - A comparative study of physiologic intracranial calcifications.
AB  - It has been the impression of clinicians that pineal calcification is infrequent
      in Shiraz, Iran. In order to evaluate this clinical impression 2000 consecutive
      skul X-rays taken at Saadi Hospital, Shiraz, Iran, were reviewed for the presence
      of physiologic intracranial calcifications. The incidence of these clasifications
      in male and female in consecutive age groups of 10 years from 0 to over 70 years
      of age were assessed and compared with previous reports from other countries. The
      average incidence of pineal calcification for those over 20 years of age was
      18.29% in this study compared with 55% in the U.S.A. The incidence of
      calcification in the choroid plexus and the falx cerebri was also considerably
      less than previously reported. The literature is reviewed and the possible causes
      for the geographical differences in the reported frequency of physiologic
      intracranial calcifications is discussed. It is possible that racial and dietary
      factors may be significant in the variation in the incidence of pineal and other
      cranial calcifications noted in different countries. Within a population group,
      age and sex are additional factors.

PMID- 683693
TI  - Hypotensive agent from Cynomorium coccineum.
AB  - The Iranian plant Cynomorium coccineum was investigated and found to possess
      significant blood pressure lowering activity in the dog. Extensive chemical
      isolation and fractionation has revealed that the depressor components were
      mainly present in the fresh juice of the plant. The fractions, by various organic
      solvents, of the dried powdered plant lacked significant depressor activity.
      However, the fresh juice of the plant as well as the water soluble fractions of
      the fresh juice exhibited strong depressor activity. Spectroscopic metal analysis
      and infrared and Mass spectra of the active fractions seem to suggest the
      inorganic nature of these fractions with very low carbon and hydrogen contents
      which are present, perhaphs, in some special molecular arrangement that becomes
      disrupted due to sensitivity to the analytical procedures employed.

PMID- 683694
TI  - Studies on concurrent  salmonellosis in dogs and man.
AB  - Eight positive Salmonella cultures were obtained from 8 of 314 family dogs in
      Tehran. Attempts to isolate Salmonella organisms from the owners of the
      Salmonella infected dogs were successful only in one of eight instances. The
      Salmonella serotype isolated from the owner was the same as that from his pet
      dog.

PMID- 683695
TI  - The prevalence of intestinal helminthiasis among the Qashqai tribe in Southern
      Iran.
AB  - The prevalence and the intensity of intestinal helminthiasis in the Qashqai tribe
      of Southern Iran were studied. Infection with Ascaris Lumbricoides and Trichuris
      Trichura was low (6.1 and 0.8 per cent respectively) while the prevalence of
      Trichostrongylus was 27.6 per cent of the total stool samples examined or 63.2
      per cent of the total intestinal parasites found. This might be due to the mode
      of life of the tribe and the proximity of its people to domestic animals.

PMID- 683696
TI  - Hepatic versus pulmonary involvement by Echinococcus granulosus.
AB  - In a five period, year 41 consecutive patients with echinococcosis were studied.
      Single organ involvement occurred in 34 (82.93%) and multiple organ disease in
      seven patients (17.07%). Single hepatic involvement, recorded in 15 patients
      (36.59%) was equal to single pulmonary involvement. This distribution appears to
      assume an intermediate position between the northern preponderance of hepatic and
      the southern prevalence of pulmonary echinococcosis in Iran.

PMID- 683697
TI  - The effect of ischaemia on the function and fine structure of the
      microvasculature of myocardium.
AB  - Seventeen mongrel dogs were subjected to ligation of the circumflex branch of the
      left coronary artery. At intervals from 10 to 300 minutes after ligation, 10 ml
      of a sodium fluorescein and colloidal thorium hydroxide solution were injected
      via an intra-arterial catheter placed distal to the ligature. Up to 20 minutes
      after ligation this tracer solution evenly perfused the left ventricular wall
      including the posterior papillary muscle (PPM). During 25 to 50 minutes there was
      a progressive patchy loss of perfusion into the PPM although the sub-epicardial
      region was evenly perfused. After 60 or more minutes of ischaemia it was not
      possible to inject this tracer solution into the subendocardial region. Electron
      microscopic examination indicated that this loss of vascular competence was
      possibly due to vasospasm of some vessels in the marginal zone between the
      perfused and non-perfused areas and was unlikely to be due to intravascular
      thrombosis, endothelial cell swelling, or to compression of vessels due to cell
      or tissue oedema.

PMID- 683698
TI  - Mycobacterium avium associated with chronic pulmonary disease in a Queensland
      resident.
AB  - Bacteriological investigation over an 11-year period has implicated Mycobacterium
      avium ser I as the most probable cause of chronic pulmonary disease in a resident
      of south-eastern Queensland. Although the patient had contact with domestic fowls
      and a pet budgerigar, the source of the organism is uncertain.

PMID- 683699
TI  - Pseudomyxoma peritonei et ovarii with an occult neoplasm of appendix: case
      report.
AB  - Although pseudomyxoma peritonei is comparatively rare, the simultaneous
      occurrence in this condition of mucinous tumours of ovary and appendix is common
      and has been termed pseudomyxoma peritonei ovarii et appendicis. Four closely
      followed patients in a small series showed only 25% 6-year survival. This paper
      presents a further case with a 14-month follow-up.

PMID- 683700
TI  - Xanthogranulomatous endometritis: case report.
AB  - A case of chronic endometritis with unusual histological features due to the
      presence of abundant foam cells and lipid material is described. The presence of
      foam cells, abundant intra- and extracellular lipid together with other
      inflammatory cells in the absence of endometrial hyperplasia or carcinoma
      warrants the diagnosis of xanthogranulomatous endometritis.

PMID- 683701
TI  - Systemic form of Weber-Christian disease.
AB  - A case of systemic Weber-Christian disease, involving retroperitoneal adipose
      tissue with secondary damage to the associated organs and blood vessels is
      reported. The involved organs showed varying degrees of necrosis, lipogranulomata
      and fibrosis.

PMID- 683702
TI  - Malignant meningioma: ultrastructure and observations on histogenesis.
AB  - A malignant meningioma was studied by light and electron microscopy.
      Histologically, the tumour was composed predominantly of spindle shaped cells
      arranged in interlacing bundles with numerous mitoses and much nuclear atypia.
      There were many necrotic foci as well as invasion of the cerebral cortex, dura
      mater and blood vessels. Ultrastructurally, the main findings included moderate
      plasma membrane interdigitation, many intracytoplasmic filaments, and junctional
      attachments of three kinds: desmosomes, hemidesmosomes, and zonulae adhaerentes.
      These subcellular features are suggestive of arachnoidal cell origin.

PMID- 683703
TI  - Recommendations concerning the indications for the use of blood and blood
      products. Working Party of the Australian Society of Blood Tranfusion.

PMID- 683704
TI  - Invasion of the hepatic capsule by tumour metastases to the liver.
AB  - Liver metastases of Waler 256 tumour in rats and of C3HBA tumour in mice were
      produced by mesenteric vein inoculation of tumour suspensions. Gross liver
      nodules were examined by light microscopy and by transmission and scanning
      electron microscopy. Subcapsular tumour nodules were seen to penetrate the
      hepatic capsule in all animals and to lodge on the peritoneal surface.
      Penetration occurred by stretching and attrition of the thin hepatic capsule in
      these animals. Studies done on human hepatic metastases revealed a different
      picture. In only a small number of such cases did peritoneal involvement occur
      from subcapsular nodules, and in these the penetration was limited, apparently by
      way of capsular veins and lymphatics. The thick fibrous capsule of human liver
      appears thus to form a barrier to peritoneal tumour dissemination.

PMID- 683705
TI  - [Role of serotoninergic and noradrenergic brain structures during recovery of
      learning ability in rats].

PMID- 683707
TI  - [The probable role of the hypothalamus in the pathogenesis of autonomic disorders
      following short term exposure to a magnetic field].

PMID- 683706
TI  - [Analysis of the mechanisms of hypothalamic obesity in rats].

PMID- 683708
TI  - [Effect of low-intensity UHF electromagnetic waves on changes in the hemodynamics
      of animals with an acute inflammatory process in the abdominal cavity].

PMID- 683709
TI  - [Inhalation method of reproducing homocytotropic antibodies].

PMID- 683710
TI  - [Participation of T- and B-lymphocytes in autosensitization in thermal burns].

PMID- 683711
TI  - [Corticosteroid biosynthesis in the adrenals of animals with different individual
      degrees of resistance to the effects of atherogenic factors].

PMID- 683712
TI  - [Adrenal cortex function in dogs with myocardial infarction complicated by
      cardiogenic shock].

PMID- 683713
TI  - [Clinico-physiologic analysis of inotropic effects of thyroid hormones on cardiac
      muscle].

PMID- 683714
TI  - [Microcirculatory bed architectonics and vasomotor reactions of microvessels
      during adaptation to hypoxia].

PMID- 683715
TI  - [Toxic activity of liver tissue].

PMID- 683716
TI  - [Antibodies to bradykinin, kallikrein and inflammation].

PMID- 683717
TI  - [Effect of the plasma of animals with active osteogenesis on the mineralization
      of regenerating bone].

PMID- 683718
TI  - [Recording of air bubbles in the vascular bed of heart-lung preparations from
      dogs using electroplethysmography (impedance)].

PMID- 683719
TI  - [Prostaglandins and the regulation of vascular homeostasis].

PMID- 683720
TI  - ["Physiologic asymmetries" and their role in human pathology].

PMID- 683721
TI  - [Several considerations with regard to the principle of the alternating activity
      of functioning structures (discussion with regard to the article by G. N.
      Kryzhanovskii, "Several basic patterns in the performance of biological processes
      and their role in pathology")].

PMID- 683722
TI  - Ethanol's influence on the stimulus level required to evoke an orienting response
      in goldfish.
AB  - In goldfish the heart rate orienting response to periodic photic stimuli was
      measured by a specially designed computer that also regulated the intensity of
      the stimuli to maintain the response. When ethanol was administered, the fish
      then exhibited orienting responses to less intense stimuli; this increased
      excitability was maintained for the duration of all tests (i.e., a maximum of 26
      hours). There also seemed to be a residual increase of excitability lasting as
      long as 7 days after the ethanol was administered.

PMID- 683724
TI  - Imitation of mother's inappropriate food preference in weanling kittens.

PMID- 683723
TI  - An examination of the relationship between race, skin color and a series of
      autonomic nervous system measures.
AB  - In the total population of 75 subjects, the skin albedo correlated significantly
      with skin resistance, a relationship which was not maintained when the total
      population was separated into its component subgroups of whites, blacks and
      Indians. The Indians, "anthropologically Caucasians" but skin color more akin to
      the blacks, exhibited mean skin reflectance and skin resistance intermediate to
      that obtained in the black and white groups respectively. Other differences and
      significant correlations between the autonomic functions in the three groups
      indicated a higher level of sympathetic tone in the Indians, although this could
      be attributed to the older age of this group. It was suggested from the results
      that skin color rather than race has a greater influence on skin resistance.

PMID- 683725
TI  - External inhibition in a goldfish (Carassius auratus) classical conditioning
      situation.
AB  - Goldfish were classically conditioned with a light as the CS and shock as the US.
      The UR was a decrease in respiration. After 15 or 60 conditioning trials the fish
      were tested with novel stimuli (clicks) during the CS-US interval. High and
      moderate intensity novel stimuli produced a significant decrease in CRs (external
      inhibition) for fish with 60 conditioning trials (5.5 or 10.5 sec CS-US
      interval), but not fish with 15 conditioning trials. Low intensity novel stimuli
      produced no evidence for disinhibition (an increase in CRs). Control groups
      (e.g., groups with random presentations of the CS and US) showed that the
      external inhibition for fish with 60 conditioning trials was inhibition of a true
      CR.

PMID- 683726
TI  - Multivariate data analysis in empirical research. A look on the bright side.
AB  - The interpretive benefits of employing multivariate analysis methods on
      experimental data with more than one dependent variable are described
      heuristically and illustrated on a set of data from a simply designed experiment
      in physiological psychology. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) is
      performed on the 9 dependent variables contained in the sample data and on the
      four composites derived from a principal components analysis (PCA) of the
      variability of the nine. A linear discriminant analysis (LDA) is conducted
      following both MANOVA results, and 5 methods of determining the "important"
      dependent variables in the experimental-control group difference are presented
      and discussed in terms of the data at hand.

PMID- 683727
TI  - [Immunodeficiency during plasmocytoma].

PMID- 683728
TI  - [Importance of electron microscopy in the diagnosis of neuroblastoma with
      medullary micrometastases].

PMID- 683729
TI  - [The post-perfusion lung].

PMID- 683730
TI  - [Glycerophosphatides of human blood: a useful parameter in pathology.
      Determination in the blood of diabetics].

PMID- 683731
TI  - [Basal melanocyte activation in the skin adjacent to malignant melanomas].

PMID- 683732
TI  - [Significance of the presence of IgA in the renal glomeruli in glomerular
      pathology].

PMID- 683733
TI  - [Adrenal cortex changes in prolonged resuscitation].

PMID- 683734
TI  - Clinico-pathological study of Ebstein's anomaly with aneurysm of membranous
      interventricular septum and aortic stenosis.

PMID- 683735
TI  - Menkes' diseases: clinico-pathological study.

PMID- 683736
TI  - [A case of pigmented basalioma associated with pigmented nevus].

PMID- 683737
TI  - [Ganglioneuroma of the pelvic-subperitoneal space].

PMID- 683738
TI  - Bone density in thalassemic children during the course of the disease.
AB  - The study was carried out on 50 thalassemic children and 20 control subjects aged
      5--15 years. The cortical thickness in thalassemic children was less than in
      control subjects. The bone loss was more obvious in girls (P less than 0.0005)
      than in boys (P less than 0.05). The greater bone loss in girls could not be
      explained by the level of blood hemoglobin because in both sexes the mean value
      was the same (7.3 +/- 0.5 g/dl). Of the 12 thalassemic children observed for 9-
      24 months, 9 showed no signficant bone change, 2 showed an improvement of
      cortical thickness and only 1 showed bone loss. Of the 11 thalassemic children
      observed for 25--48 months, 4 showed significant bone loss and 7 no change of the
      bone density. In both groups the mean value of pretransfusion blood Hb was 7.3
      g/dl and the sex distribution was equal. A relationship was found in both control
      and thalassemic children between bone density and urine phosphorus to urine
      creatinine ratio.

PMID- 683739
TI  - Development of an interval sampling hydrogen (H2) breath test for carbohydrate
      malabsorption in children: evidence for a circadian pattern of breath H2
      concentration.

PMID- 683740
TI  - Spermine and spermidine, modulators of the cell surface enzyme adenylate cyclase.
AB  - Adenylate cyclase activity was measured in membrane preparations of cultured
      fibroblasts from controls and patients with cystic fibrosis. Enzyme activity
      increased as the transition from exponential growth to confluence occurred;
      sodium fluoride-stimulated activity more markedly displayed this relationship
      than basal cyclase activity. The in vitro addition of spermine (1 X 10(-6) to 2 X
      10(-3) M) to membrane preparations caused inhibition of basal and sodium fluoride
      stimulated enzyme activity, with 50% inhibition of basal activity occurring at
      10(-6) M spermine. Spermidine (10(-4) M) caused 15--25% inhibition of adenylate
      cyclase activity. The increase in fibroblast adenylate cyclase activity during
      the transition from exponential growth was comparable in cells obtained from
      cystic fibrosis patients and control subjects. Basal and sodium-fluoride
      stimulated adenylate cyclase activity as well as inhibition of this enzyme
      activity by spermidine and spermine were undistinguishable between the different
      cell genotypes. A potential modulation of cellular proliferative activity through
      polyamine interaction with the adenylate cyclase system is postulated.

PMID- 683741
TI  - Stimulation of p-aminohippurate extraction in the maturing rabbit kidney.
AB  - In vivo studies were performed to evaluate maturational changes in PAH extraction
      (EPAH) in the rabbit and to determine whether accelerated maturation of this
      process could be achieved. Fifty-four animals were injected with penicillin
      before study at 10, 14, 21, or 28 days of life. Forty-eight rabbits served as
      saline-injected controls. PAH extraction in controls increased from 29.3 +/- 2.4%
      at 10 days of age to 35.9 +/- 3.3% at 14 days, 59.7 +/- 3.5% at 21 days, 71.6 +/-
      1.9% at 28 days, and 72.7 +/- 2.3% at 35 days of life. Penicillin injection on
      the 3 days before study resulted in enhancement of EPAH on days 10 and 14 to 42.7
      +/- 2.4% and 65.0 +/- 3.2% (P less than 0.005). On days 21 and 28 less
      stimulation was noted (68.7 +/- 2.3%; 76.0 +/- 4.1%). Preinjection on days 6--9
      with study delayed to day 14 also led to augmentation (46.7 +/- 3.7% P less than
      0.05) but less than that achieved after injection on days 10--13. These data
      suggest that EPAH stimulation may be transient, descreases as maturation is
      approached and is likely related to substrate availability.

PMID- 683742
TI  - Perinatal nitrogen accretion in muscles and fingernails.
AB  - Paired triceps muscle and fingernail samples were obtained at autopsy from 25
      normally grown (NG) and 16 intrauterine growth-retarded (IGR) neonates who died
      within 28 days of birth. Gestational ages ranged from 21--46 weeks and
      birthweights ranged from 425--3750 g. Muscle samples were desiccated, defatted
      and ground to powder. Nitrogen content of muscle and fingernail were determined
      by a modified micro-Kjeldahl technique. Muscle nitrogen (MN) content averaged
      12.1 +/- 1.89 g/100 g fat-free dry solids (FFDS) (mean +/- SD) and was similar
      for NG and IGR neonates and, within these two groups, for premature and mature
      babies. Fingernail nitrogen (FN) content averaged 13.8 +/- 0.95 g/100 g and no
      variations with duration and quality of intrauterine growth were identified.
      Fingernail nitrogen content correlated linearly with muscle nitrogen content in
      both NG (n = 0.48, P less than 0.002) and IGR (n = 0.67, P less than 0.005)
      neonates. The regression equation for the entire study population was: FN =
      0.31MN + 9.96, Syx = +/- 0.778, r = 0.59, P less than 0.001. These data suggest
      the possibility of using simple, noninvasive fingernail "biopsies" to monitor
      protein economy and quality of perinatal growth.

PMID- 683743
TI  - Endogenous glucose production during constant glucose infusion in the newborn
      lamb.

PMID- 683744
TI  - Effect of uterine artery insulin infusions on umbilical glucose uptake in sheep.
AB  - Although glucose is an important fuel for fetal oxidative metabolism, regulation
      of its availability to the mammalian fetus is poorly understood. This study was
      performed to determine the effect of infusions of insulin into the uterine
      arterial circulation on umbilical uptake of glucose in chronically instrumented,
      unstressed sheep. Twenty-eight determinations of umbilical glucose uptake and
      diffusion clearance of glucose by the placenta were made in four ewes.
      Immediately following a control study during which saline was infused into the
      uterine artery, porcine regular insulin diluted in saline was infused at 0.05 to
      8.1 mU/min . kg uterine weight for 20--30 min and the determinations were
      repeated. Subsequent studies were performed at the conclusion of additional
      infusions of insulin to a maximum of 21.6 mU/min . kg. There was a significant
      increase in umbilical glucose uptake during initial insulin infusions (4.47 +/-
      0.6 mg/min . kg fetus) compared to the control studies (3.08 +/- 0.6 mg/min . kg)
      associated with an increase in diffusion clearance (13.8 +/- 1.9 ml/min . kg
      fetus vs. 8.99 +/- 1.8 ml/min . kg). When the total cumulative dose of exogenous
      insulin, It, was 162 mU/kg uterine weight or less, the umbilical uptake of
      glucose, Q, may be expressed as a function of maternal arterial blood glucose
      concentration in milligrams per dl, [A], and of It.

PMID- 683745
TI  - White cell ornithine transcarbamylase activity cannot detect the liver enzyme
      deficiency.

PMID- 683746
TI  - Reaction of 4-methylumbelliferylguanidinobenzoate with cultivated human skin
      fibroblasts derived from patients with cystic fibrosis.
AB  - Protease activity in cultivated human skin fibroblasts has been quantitated using
      4-methylumbelliferylguanidinobenzoate (MUGB), an active site titrant of trypsin
      like proteases (7). The reaction of the proteases with MUGB was complete in 1 hr,
      inhibited both by benzamidine and (p-nitrophenyl)-p'-guanidinobenzoate, but not
      by p-hydroxymercuribenzoate. The extent of reaction was proportional to protein
      concentration and independent of MUGB concentration. This activity was present in
      the particulate fraction of the cell. The mean "titre" values (nanomoles of 4
      methylumbelliferone released per mg protein) of the proteases in fibroblasts from
      eight controls (N), 8 obligate heterozygotes (H), and 14 patients with cystic
      fibrosis (CF) were: N, 1.27 +/- 0.11; H, 0.82 +/- 0.12; CF, 0.66 +/- 0.10. The
      differences in the "titre" values for N:CF and N:H were significant (p less than
      0.001) as were those for H:CF (p less than 0.01). The mean "titre" value obtained
      for cultivated control amniotic fluid cells was 1.29 +/- 0.17. These data
      indicate a reduction in the MUGB-reactive proteases in skin fibroblasts derived
      from patients with CF when compared either to control or to obligate
      heterozygotes. These data are consistent with our earlier suggestion (11, 15)
      that decreased proteolytic levels in the tissues and fluids of patients with CF
      may be a generalized phenomenon.

PMID- 683747
TI  - On the advantages of specific airway resistance.
AB  - The specific airway resistance (SRaw) is a relatively precise parameter of
      bronchial quality and in normal children its relation with body length, although
      very significant (P less than 0.001), is so poor that it can safely be
      disregarded (Fig. 4). Also the dispersion around the mean value remains stable at
      any body size (Fig. 4). Contrasting with the inverse relation between airway
      resistance (Raw) and lung volume, SRaw does not show any systematic variation
      with lung filling (Fig. 5). These data are consistent with the new formulas: SRaw
      = tg beta (PB - PH2O) and Raw = SRaw/TGV in which tg beta stands for relation
      between the plethysmographic box volume and breathing flow fluctuations (Fig. 2);
      PB - PH2O represents the ambient pressure corrected for water vapor pressure at
      body temperature; TGV is the thoracic gas volume at mean expiratory level. In
      disease SRaw varies more rapidly and markedly with any alteration of the airways
      than does Raw (Fig. 6). Consequently, a normal value for SRaw would indicate that
      both Raw and TGV must be in a normal range.

PMID- 683748
TI  - [Mitotic activity of small intestine mucosa in children with malabsorption
      syndromes].

PMID- 683749
TI  - [Glycocalyx of intestinal epithelial cells].

PMID- 683750
TI  - [MVPP multiple drug therapy combined with conventional radiotherapy in children
      with Hodgkin's disease].

PMID- 683751
TI  - [Cererospinal fluid proteins in acute leukemia in children].

PMID- 683752
TI  - [Comparative assessment of protein and protein fraction levels in the serum and
      in chronic subdural hygroma in infants].

PMID- 683753
TI  - [Product E, urokinase and uropepsinogen in the urine of diabetic children].

PMID- 683754
TI  - [Viral infections of the respiratory system in children and clinical findings].

PMID- 683755
TI  - [IgA, IgM and IgG immunoglobulins in children in urinary tract infections].

PMID- 683756
TI  - [Frequency of oral mucosa changes in children].

PMID- 683757
TI  - [Parents' role in the treatment of a child with neoplasm].

PMID- 683758
TI  - [Long-term heparin treatment of thrombo-hemorrhagic complications of septicemia
      in a newborn infant].

PMID- 683759
TI  - [Chloride diarrhea in a 7-month-old infant].

PMID- 683760
TI  - [Chloride diarrhea in 2 siblings].

PMID- 683761
TI  - [Syndrome of generalized osseous dystrophy of the Melnick-Needle type].

PMID- 683762
TI  - [Pulmonary hypoplasia in a child with chondrodystrophy].

PMID- 683763
TI  - [Cerebrospinal fluid prostaglandins and methods of their determination].

PMID- 683764
TI  - [Advances in the diagnosis of muscular diseases in children].

PMID- 683765
TI  - Tap water scald burns in children.
AB  - Tap water scald burns account for 7% to 17% of all childhood scald burns that
      require hospitalization. Often the burns are severe and disabling. Toddlers and
      preschool children are the most frequent victims. In 45% of the injuries, the
      unsupervised victim or peer turned on the tap water; in 28% the cause was abuse.
      Eighty percent of the homes tested had unsafe bathtub water temperatures of 54 C
      (130 F) or greater, exposing the occupants to the risk of full-thickness scald
      with 30-second exposure to hot water. Such burns may be prevented passively by
      limiting household water temperatures to less than 52 C (125 F). New water
      heaters could be preset at this temperature and families could be taught to turn
      down the temperature on existing units.

PMID- 683766
TI  - Neonatal death: reflections for parents.

PMID- 683767
TI  - Practicality of screening urinalyses in asymptomatic children in a primary care
      setting.

PMID- 683768
TI  - Home care for children dying of cancer.

PMID- 683769
TI  - American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Radiology. Water-soluble contrast
      material.

PMID- 683770
TI  - American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on School Health. Health education.

PMID- 683771
TI  - American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Drugs. Use of codeine- and
      dextromethorphan-containing cough syrups in pediatrics.

PMID- 683772
TI  - Turn down the water temperature and win a prize.

PMID- 683773
TI  - Meconium aspiration and tolazoline.

PMID- 683774
TI  - Delivery of emergency care to children: who is responsible?

PMID- 683776
TI  - It doesn't work!

PMID- 683775
TI  - Impedance audiometry: it is useful!

PMID- 683777
TI  - Mitigation of cretinism by breast-feeding.
AB  - An athyrotic infant had hypothyroidism at 1 year of age. He had grown at an above
      average velocity until age 10 months when breast-feeding was discontinued, yet
      his bone age remained that of a newborn. These observations suggested that breast
      feeding had attenuated hypothyroidism by providing significant quantities of
      thyroid hormones in the milk. To test this hypothesis, thyroxine (T4), 3,5,3'
      triiodothyronine (T3), and 3,3,5'-triodothyronine (reverse T3) were measured in
      breast milk samples collected serially from three months before to four months
      after delivery. Mean breast milk T4 content fell from 1.4 to 0.7 microgram/dl
      within 48 hours after delivery, while T3 content rose from 136 to 286 ng/dl.
      Reverse T3 content remained unchanged. The shift in the T4/T3 ratio after
      delivery was observed in samples of all five donors; the highest postpartum T4
      level was 1.1 microgram/dl and the highest postpartum T3 level was 405 ng/dl. It
      is concluded that breast-feeding may deliver sufficient thyroid hormones to the
      athyrotic infant to mitigate severe hypothyroidism and to prevent impaired
      neurological development.

PMID- 683778
TI  - Interaction of maternal and neonatal obesity.
AB  - Maternal weight and height before pregnancy and weight gain during pregnancy were
      recorded for each of 109 mothers who were delivered of normal infants after
      gestations of 37 to 43 weeks. Infant parameters obtained included gestational
      age, birth weight, bilateral mid-arm circumference, and eight skin fold thickness
      measurements. The eight skin fold thicknesses were summed (SSFT) for each infant.
      Infants with SSFTs greater than 40 mm (N = 8) for the group were classified as
      "fatter" infants. All of the fatter infants were large for gestational age (LGA),
      but accounted for only one third of the LGA infants in the study. Birth weight,
      length, and cross-sectional mid-arm fat area were significantly increased in the
      fatter LGA group when compared to other LGA infants. Cross-sectional mid-arm
      muscle area was not significantly different for the fatter LGA infants compared
      to the other LGA group. Mothers were defined as obese or nonobese according to
      pregnant weight for height. Obese mothers had infants with significantly
      increased SSFTs when compared with infants of nonobese mothers. Mulitple
      regression analysis showed that both prepregnant weight for height and weight
      gain during pregnancy were associated with increased subcutaneous fat in the
      neonate. Weight gain during pregnancy was associated with increased neonatal
      fatness and length, while  prepregnant weight for height was associated with
      neonatal fatness independent of neonatal length.

PMID- 683779
TI  - Gastric retention in neonates.

PMID- 683780
TI  - Studies of the cause and treatment of hyperammonemia in females with ornithine
      transcarbamylase deficiency.
AB  - Assay of ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) activity in multiple small bits of
      liver (approximately 5 mg) that were obtained from a single surgical biopsy in a
      patient with OTC deficiency revealed a 10- to 40-fold variation in enzyme
      activity. Similar studies with control autopsy liver specimens varied 2.5-fold at
      most. The greater variation in the patient with OTC deficiency probably is due to
      sampling of clusters of normal or abnormal hepatocytes that resulted from
      inactivation of either the abnormal or normal X chromosone. Enzyme activity
      assayed on small liver biopsy specimens may not be representative of the entire
      liver in female patients with OTC deficiency. The hyperammonemia in individuals
      heterozygous for OTC deficiency may be due in part to shunting of blood through
      multiple "metabolic portosystemic shunts." Treatment of a girl who has OTC
      deficiency with a low-protein diet, a low-protein diet supplemented with oral
      essential amino acids, and a low-protein diet plus oral ketoacids of essential
      amino acids, on a separate occasion, a low-protein diet was compared to a low
      protein diet plus lactulose. The low-protein diet plus oral ketoacid
      supplementation resulted in the best metabolic control of the patient's disease.
      On the other hand, paradoxical transient hyperammonemia was observed after the
      intarvenous administration of ketoacids to two acutely ill female patients with
      OTC deficiency.

PMID- 683781
TI  - Amniotic fluid lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio: comparison between an African and
      North American community.
AB  - One hundred nineteen samples of amniotic fluid obtained from healthy pregnant
      Nigerian women were analyzed for their lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio. There
      was a gradual increase in the L/S ratio with increasing maturity from week 23 to
      week 42 when values of 0.69 and 5.73, respectively, were obtained. Compared with
      the ratios reported from San Diego, our ratios were significantly higher where
      numbers were adequate for statistical tests. The higher L/S ratio probably shows
      that pulmonary maturity occurs earlier in the African babies and might partly
      explain the low incidence of respiratory distress syndrome in our premature
      babies.

PMID- 683782
TI  - Pulmonary lesions in atypical measles.
AB  - Atypical measles is a well-described entity which has a high frequency of
      pulmonary involvement. Resolution and shrinkage of the pneumonic infiltrates into
      nodular mass-like lesions have been cited only once before. Three cases of
      atypical measles pneumonia are described which demonstrate these pulmonary
      nodular sequelae. In one of the cases examined a nodular residuum has now
      persisted for five months. Atypical measles pneumonia should be considered as a
      diagnostic possibility before invasive investigations are performed in a patient
      who has a pulmonary nodule.

PMID- 683783
TI  - Diagnostic dilemmas of Wilson's disease: diagnosis and treatment.
AB  - Wilson's disease, an autosomal recessive disorder of copper metabolism, may defy
      diagnosis in children. The classical triad of Kayser-Fleischer rings, neurologic
      dysfunction, and hypoceruloplasminemia may be absent. Patients may be seen
      initially with acute or chronic hepatitis, hemolytic anemia, or neurologic
      dysfunction. Guidelines are presented for diagnosis of Wilson's disease based on
      a review of 25 pediatric and adolescent patients. A high index of suspicion in
      necessary so that therapy with penicillamine may be begun before irreversible
      liver or neurologic damage occurs. The prognosis is excellent when diagnosis and
      treatment are established early.

PMID- 683784
TI  - Segmental colonic gangrene: a surgical emergency in the hemolytic-uremic
      syndrome.
AB  - A 2 1/2-year-old girl had rectal bleeding, an abdominal mass, and diffuse
      peritonitis. A segment of gangrenous colon was removed. Following surgery she
      developed the hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), which is characterized by renal
      failure, hemolytic anemia, and the thrombocytopenia. The intestinal
      manifestations associated with the HUS are stressed. This case demonstrates that
      gangrenous bowel can occur in these patients, and that their survival may depend
      on resectional surgery.

PMID- 683785
TI  - Clinical usefulness of polymorphonuclear leukocyte vacuolization in predicting
      septicemia in febrile children.
AB  - Vacuolization of the polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) has generally been
      regarded as an indication of bacterial infection and has been particularly useful
      in diagnosing septicemia. In an effort to predict septicemia, peripheral blood
      smears from 69 febrile children were examined and systematically scored for
      severity of vacuolization. Thirteen children had remarkable vacuolization
      compared to the others. These 13 included only five children with bacterial
      illnesses and only one of the seven children with septicemia. Our finding that
      PMN vacuolization was neither diagnostic of septicemia nor predictive of
      bacterial infection suggests that the specificity of the link between vacuoles
      and bacteremia needs to be reassessed.

PMID- 683786
TI  - Nonsurgical management of renovascular hypertension in the neonate.
AB  - Over an 18-month period nine infants in a neonatal intensive care unit developed
      hypertension (blood pressure, 115/88 to 280/140 mm Hg) at 2 to 45 days of age.
      Eight of the nine infants had indwelling umbilical artery catheters prior to
      onset of hypertension; six of the nine infants had evidence of a patent ductus
      arteriosus. Peripheral plasma renin activity was greater than 300 ng/ml/3 hr in
      six of eight infants. Angiograms were abnormal in six of seven infants and
      computerized renal scans were abnormal in all nine infants. One infant had
      congenital renal artery stenosis. Eight of nine infants had evidence of
      unilateral or bilateral renal artery thrombi which were felt to have emanated
      from an umbilical artery catheter or a ductus arteriosus. Hypertension in all
      infants was successfully controlled medically (follow-up of 3 to 27 months; mean,
      14.4 months). Blood pressures remained normal when medication was discontinued.
      In our experience, neonatal renovascular hypertension is no longer uncommon,
      responds to aggressive medical management, and rarely requires early nephrectomy.
      Neonatal renovascular hypertension was usually associated with umbilical artery
      catheters positioned above the level of the renal arteries.

PMID- 683787
TI  - Initial urinary catecholamine metabolite concentrations and prognosis in
      neuroblastoma.
AB  - Initial urinary catecholamine metabolite and amino acid excretion patterns were
      examined in 54 children with neuroblastoma. The relationships between prognosis
      and age at diagnosis, stage of disease, primary site, and histologic grade of
      tumor were similar in this population to those found in previous studies, but
      only age and stage were found to be independent prognostic variables. Prognosis
      in disseminated disease was found to correlate directly with the urinary
      vanilmandelic acid (VMA)/homovanillic acid (HVA) ratio but not with the absolute
      levels of HVA. The presence of the dopa metabolite, vanillactic acid, as well as
      increased amounts of cystathionine and/or low levels of VMA indicated poor
      prognosis. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that biochemically
      primitive neuroblastomas deficient in dopamine beta-hydroxylase are move virulent
      than their mature analogues which produce epinephrine, norepinephrine, and their
      metabolites.

PMID- 683788
TI  - Reye's syndrome in infancy.
AB  - Reye's syndrome in infancy is not a well-defined entity and is infrequently
      diagnosed. Eight infants 6 months of age or younger had a prodromal viral illness
      followed by the rapid onset of lethargy, seizures, and coma, resulting in the
      diagnosis of Reye's syndrome. All had abnormal results of liver function tests
      including elevations of blood ammonia level. Three patients had pathological
      studies that confirmed fatty visceral infiltration. The data on these patients,
      as well as a review of the literature, indicate that the most prominent clinical
      findings in Reye's syndrome in infancy include marked respiratory abnormalities
      with tachypnea and apneic episodes; frequent occurrence of seizures in the early
      stages of the illness; and hypoglycemia in most cases. A strong socioeconomic
      bias was noted in these patients, with the infants coming primarily from lower
      socioeconomic, urban environments, while older children with Reye's syndrome have
      been observed to be predominantly middle-class and from suburban or rural areas.

PMID- 683789
TI  - Heart rate and respiratory rate differences between preterm and full-term infants
      during quiet sleep: possible implications for sudden infant death syndrome.
AB  - The heart rate and respiratory rate of eight preterm (average gestational age,
      33.3 +/- 2.2 weeks) and 13 full-term infants were determined during quiet sleep
      at home during the first year of life. Both heart rate and respiratory rate were
      greater in preterm infants throughout the first six months. The difference was
      maximum at age 10 weeks (21.2 beats per minute and 13.7 breaths per minute), with
      the difference being statistically significant, at least at the P less than .01
      level at ages 10, 12 and 14 weeks, while P greater than or equal to .01 at all
      other ages. The 10- to 14-week period is precisely the same period during which
      the incidence of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) has been reported to be
      maximum. These results support the concept that SIDS is linked to a vulnerable
      phase of cardiorespiratory maturation.

PMID- 683791
TI  - [The Ulrich-Turner syndrome in a female infant].

PMID- 683790
TI  - [A case of Addison's disease].

PMID- 683792
TI  - [A case of Apert's syndrome in a newborn infant].

PMID- 683793
TI  - [Hematological screening of a group of children from a school population].

PMID- 683794
TI  - [PF 3 deficiency and primary hemostasis].

PMID- 683795
TI  - [Changes in urinary iron in thalassemia major in relation to the administration
      of desferrioxamine].

PMID- 683796
TI  - [9-alpha-fluorocortisol in the treatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasia with
      salt loss].

PMID- 683797
TI  - [Clinico-hematological and radiological aspects of Camurati-Engelmann disease].

PMID- 683798
TI  - Cacography in the mothers of hyperactive children with learning disorders.
AB  - Mothers of 20 children with learning disorders completed questionnaires
      concerning the histories and current problems of their children. All the children
      had average or above average IQs, but below average academic achievement.
      Compared with a control group of 20 mothers matched for years of education, the
      mothers of children with learning disorders made significantly more spelling
      errors per 100 words. The differences in number of spelling errors between
      learing disorders and control groups were greater for mothers with 12 or fewer
      years of education than for mothers with more than 12 yr. of education.

PMID- 683799
TI  - Development of information processing in normal and disabled readers.
AB  - 8- and 11-yr-old reading-disabled children were compared in two experiments with
      controls matched on intelligence and age. Exp. 1 measured duration of visual
      information store by means of a separation threshold technique. Exp. II
      determined the rate of transfer from visual information store to short-term
      memory using a backward masking technique. Results from Exp. I showed that at
      each age specific reading-disabled children had significantly longer durations of
      visual information store than controls. The difference between the reading
      ability groups decreased with increasing age. Exp. II demonstrated that rate of
      transfer of information was significantly slower for specific reading-disabled
      children than for controls at both age levels. In contrast to Exp. I, this
      difference increased with increasing age. The results are considered in terms of
      their possible relevance to developmental lag theories. The evidence indicates
      that the development of visual information processing in reading-disabled
      children is similar to that in controls but occurs at a slower rate.

PMID- 683800
TI  - A musical profile for sample of learning-disabled children and adolescents: a
      pilot study.
AB  - 31 learning-disabled children and adolescents completed the Pitch, Loudness,
      Rhythm, Time, and Tonal Memory subtests of the Seashore Measures of Musical
      Talents. Results indicated that the Seashore test did not discriminate between
      subgroups of these learning-disabled children. However, differences were found in
      percentile equivalents between these learning-disabled and normal individuals.
      These data should be interpreted with caution due to the small size of this
      sample and the spread of percentiles presented by Seashore.

PMID- 683801
TI  - Influence of reflection-impulsivity and cognitive style on time estimation under
      different ambient conditions.
AB  - 120 college students estimated seven different durations of a light by the method
      of reproduction. Each duration reproduction was performed while either counting
      fast auditory clicks, slow clicks, or with no clicks. The subjects had previously
      been assessed for cognitive style with the Group Embedded Figures test and for
      reflection-impulsively with the impulsivity scale from the Personality Research
      Form. Multivariate analyses of variance indicated that the rapid-tempo ambient
      conditions had a greater effect on estimation of duration than did either the
      slow tempo or control condition. There were significant differences in time
      estimation between reflectives and impulsives for estimations of 10, 30, and 50
      sec. No interactions were observed for reflection-impulsivity by ambient
      conditions. Although cognitive style did not interact with ambient conditions as
      was predicted, it did interact with sex for three durations, 10, 20, and 30 sec.
      It was concluded that impulsive students tend to underestimate the brief times
      more than do reflective students but are not affected differently by the ambient
      circumstances in which the estimation is made. Cognitive style, apparently, does
      not have a profound influence on estimation of brief durations. However, sex and
      cognitive style in interaction do affect these estimations, this requires further
      research.

PMID- 683802
TI  - Effects of arousal level on olfactory sensitivity.
AB  - 36 college students participated in a study designed to determine the effect of
      induced changes in arousal on olfactory sensitivity. Each subject's sensitivity
      was measured under conditions of low, moderate, and high arousal. The results
      showed that sensitivity was significantly decreased under both low and high
      arousal but not under moderate arousal. No difference between the conditions of
      low and high arousal was found. The results are discussed in terms of the
      inverted-U shaped function between arousal and performance.

PMID- 683803
TI  - Intercorrelations among tests of general mental ability and achievement for black
      and white deaf children.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to compare the relative effectiveness of two
      measures commonly used to predict school achievement of black and white deaf
      children. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised and the Hiskey
      Nebraska Test of Learning Aptitude correlated significantly with Stanford
      Achievement Test scores for 23 black children but not for 36 white. Even though
      the groups differed significantly in WISC-R Performance IQ, Hiskey learning
      quotient, and in CA, they did not differ in achievement level. While the WISC-R
      and Hiskey appear to have some predictive validity for the black sample, the
      findings of no differences in achievement suggest little practical validity of
      these measures for grouping or placement or for making administrative or
      instructional decisions.

PMID- 683804
TI  - Relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and physiological responses to
      films.
AB  - Subject's physiological responses and rated reactions to a medical film and an
      erotic film were assessed. Later cardiovascular fitness levels were determined by
      subject's physiological responses to an exercise task. The greater the increase
      in  the subject's systolic blood pressure after exercise and the slower the
      recovery, the lower the fitness level. A median split on the fitness scores of
      males and females separately was used to determine levels of relatively low and
      high fitness. Subjects in low fitness had significantly greater sympathetic
      arousal responses to the two films as measured in systolic blood-pressure
      increases and skin-temperature decreases. Subjects in the two fitness levels did
      not differ in ratings of their own physiological or emotional responses to the
      films. Reported interoception of the magnitude of physiological responses was
      inaccurate, especially for subjects in low fitness.

PMID- 683805
TI  - Simultaneous versus successive discrimination of weights: a neuroanatomical
      interpretation.
AB  - Using the Method of Constant Stimuli, difference limens were obtained for lifted
      weights of 50 to 200 gm. 184 college students were assigned to one of four
      experimental conditions resulting from the combination of two modes of stimulus
      presentation with whether the preferred or non-preferred hand was used to judge
      the standard weight. Simultaneous interhand judgments produced significantly
      larger Weber Ratios and more variable Constant Errors than were produced by
      Successive intrahand presentation. This was contrary to earlier work in the
      visual modality indicating that simultaneous stimulus presentation produced more
      sensitive discrimination than did successive. The results are interpreted in
      terms of the neural organization of tactile input.

PMID- 683806
TI  - Perception of heat stress in urban microclimates.

PMID- 683807
TI  - Psychotherapists' perceptions of clients' satisfaction following termination.
AB  - The present investigation sought to examine psychotherapists' perception of
      client's satisfaction following termination. During a 6-mo. period, 86 clients
      who terminated treatment at a large mental health center were asked to evaluate
      the service that they had received from their therapists. Therapists were also
      asked to predict how their clients would evaluate them. Results indicated that
      clients were favorably impressed with the services provided by their therapists
      and therapists tended to underestimate the worth of their services. Further
      conclusions, which at this point can only be speculative due to the limited
      sample, were that there were no differences in reported satisfaction of clients
      among psychiatrists, psychologists, psychiatric social workers and para
      professional groups, but psychiatrists predicted significantly greater
      satisfication by satisfaction by clients than the other groups. They were the
      only group which predicted more satisfaction by clients then was actually
      reported.

PMID- 683808
TI  - Right-left orientation and writing hand in children referred for
      neurodevelopmental assessment.
AB  - 22 boys and 10 girls with school problems were referred to a pediatrician for
      medical and neurodevelopmental evaluation--children ranged in ages from 5-4 to 14
      7. As part of the pediatric developmental assessment a simple test was used to
      evaluate each child's ability to identify his own right or left eye, ear, hand
      and foot. Hand preference for writing was also noted. 32 control children from
      the same population matched for age and sex with patients were also tested.
      Patients over 5 yr. old were more likely to have difficulty identifying right and
      left body parts than control children. All controls over age 7 correctly
      identified their body parts. 5 patients and 5 controls showed left-hand
      preference for writing. It is concluded that a more sensitive test for hand
      preference should be utilized as part of the pediatric neuro-developmental
      assessment.

PMID- 683809
TI  - An automated apparatus for the study of central variables in tactile form
      perception.
AB  - An apparatus which employs standard behavioral programming equipment is
      described. It enables the experimenter to program in advance with variables as
      auditory and visual instructional cues, delay intervals, and response mode, and
      to monitor response latency automatically. The apparatus is easily constructed,
      easily operated, and markedly increases the control of variables in tactile form
      perception experiments.

PMID- 683810
TI  - Locus of control and cardiac response to reaction time, mental arithmetic, and
      time-estimation tasks.
AB  - In Exp. 1 subjects, classified on the basis of locus of control scores, performed
      both reaction time and mental arithmetic tasks. In Exp. 2, similarly classified
      subjects were required to estimate the duration of a signal with feedback
      following each trial. Between-groups comparisons in Exp. 1 showed no differences
      on heart rate or performance measures. This does not support an explanation of
      differential heart rates during cardiac conditioning based upon cognitive styles
      of "rejecting" or "accepting" stimuli. Similar comparisons in Exp. 2 indicated
      significant differences for heart rate and proficiency in time estimation. These
      differences suggest greater task involvement for internally controlled subjects
      on feedback tasks, with cardiac acceleration a function of that involvement.

PMID- 683811
TI  - Checklist of perceptual-motor and language skills for developmentally handicapped
      preschoolers.
AB  - This report describes the development of a checklist of perceptual-motor and
      language skills which has been designed to identify specific skills and to
      estimate acquisition of skill in 21 developmentally delayed preschoolers. The
      preschoolers were administered the checklist at the beginning and end of the
      school year. Significant mean differences between early and late total checklist
      scores were obtained. The correlation between early and late total checklist
      scores was .97. The chief advantages of this checklist are the specificity of
      assessment and the ease with which it may be used by professionals and
      paraprofessionals.

PMID- 683812
TI  - Co-frequency ratings of anxiety reactions.
AB  - The method of direct co-frequency rating was explored for the study of
      relationships among individuals' self-reported anxiety reactions. The subjects
      were 40 adolescents who gave co-frequency ratings (how often the reactions co
      occurred) for all pairs of 10 preselected reactions to anxiety. The mean co
      frequency matrix was subjected to multidimensional scaling and cluster analysis.
      The same subjects also rated the intensity of the  same reactions in an anxiety
      inventory of the "S-R" type. The correlations among reactions were computed and
      compared with corresponding co-frequency estimates. The relationship between
      these two types of data was relatively high. Factor analysis of the correlations
      gave a "Psychic" and a "Somatic" reaction factor, whereas the main dimension
      obtained from co-frequency ratings reflected a general reaction factor. This
      outcome was supported by the cluster analyses, which yielded two and one
      clusters, respectively, interpretable in accordance with the dimension analyses.

PMID- 683813
TI  - Stimulus self-selection and the assessment of visual preferences in four-month
      old infants.
AB  - A self-stimulation choice technique was used to assess visual preferences in 4-mo
      -ld infants for slides of stimuli-depicting smiling vs neutral facial
      expressions. Preferential self-selection of stimuli did not occur even in the
      presence of preferential looking responses by infants.

PMID- 683814
TI  - Observations on a new illusion demonstrating touch dominance of vision.

PMID- 683815
TI  - Effect of external standards on children's evaluations of their reproduction of
      visual forms.
AB  - 96 second grade children and 144 4-yr-old nursery school children were asked to
      copy geometric designs. One group was given high standards for evaluating their
      work, one group was given low standards, and a control group was given no
      external standards. Differences between treatment groups were significant (p =
      .01); there were no sex or socioeconomic differences. Children in the low
      standards group rated their drawings higher, and children in the high standards
      group rated their drawings lower, thah children in the control group. Results
      suggest perceptual judgments might be used to shape visual-motor reproduction,
      rather than vice vera.

PMID- 683816
TI  - Secobarbital and information processing.
AB  - The Sternberg fixed-set memory-search paradigm was used to assess the relative
      vulnerability of hypothetical stages of information processing to an oral dose of
      secobarbital (2.9 mg/kg). D-amphetamine (15 mg, oral dose) was intended to serve
      as an active placebo. However, since the amphetamine produced a slight, non
      significant reduction in choice reaction time (RT), the principal analysis of
      secobarbital effects was conducted between drug and baseline conditions.
      Secobarbital showed choice RT by 60 msec. and did not increase errors
      significantly. The results, as interpreted within Sternberg's model, suggest that
      input processes, e.g., stimulus preprocessing-encoding, are particularly
      sensitive to the effects of the barbiturate. There was no evidence of a drug
      effect on cognitive processes associated with serial comparison, binary decision,
      or translation-response organization (response selection). In contrast, earlier
      studies have indicated that another CNS depressant, alcohol, interferes with both
      speed and accuracy of output processes, viz, the response selection stage.

PMID- 683817
TI  - Analysis of the Development Test of Visual Perception and the Motor-Free Visual
      Perception Test.
AB  - To identify children with learning problems and to compare test results, 28
      kindergarten children were tested with the Developmental Test of Visual
      Perception and the Motor-free Visual Perception Test. The tests identified some
      children already noted by the teacher to exhibit characteristics of learning
      difficulty, failed to confirm the teacher's judment in others, and identified
      some children with previously undetected difficulties. Basic differences in the
      two tests are reported.

PMID- 683818
TI  - Effect of alcohol on temporal information processing.

PMID- 683819
TI  - A theoretical note on time perception.

PMID- 683820
TI  - Lateral response to suggestion in relation to handedness.
AB  - Lateralization of response to the suggestion of a sensation was recorded in 100
      psychiatric patients and related to their handedness. Responses showed no over
      all preponderance to right or left side. There was, however, a significant
      association between side of response and handedness.

PMID- 683821
TI  - Two tests of a neural attention hypothesis for auditory psychophysics.

PMID- 683822
TI  - Hue magnitude estimates as relative judgments.

PMID- 683823
TI  - Auditory streaming: competition among alternative organizations.

PMID- 683824
TI  - Peripheral and cognitive components of eye guidance in filled-space reading.

PMID- 683825
TI  - The effects of differential adaptation on spatial frequency-contingent color
      aftereffects.

PMID- 683826
TI  - Sources of color-word interference in the Stroop color-naming task.

PMID- 683827
TI  - Effects of intensity on the categorical perception of stop consonants and
      isolated second formant transitions.

PMID- 683828
TI  - Representing auditory space.

PMID- 683829
TI  - Contour specificity of the McCollough effect.

PMID- 683830
TI  - The reaction-time/luminance relationship for pigeons to lights of different
      spectral compositions.

PMID- 683831
TI  - Alignment errors to both ends of acute- and obtuse-angle arms.

PMID- 683832
TI  - Psychoacoustic evaluation of musical sounds.

PMID- 683833
TI  - The role of perceptual organization in the depth perception of kinetic lattice
      displays.

PMID- 683834
TI  - Sentence perception units and levels of syntactic structure.

PMID- 683835
TI  - The quantitative measure of pattern representation in images using orientation
      specific color aftereffects.

PMID- 683836
TI  - Processing of visual illusions in the frequency and spatial domains.

PMID- 683837
TI  - Relative rod and cone contributions in iconic storage.

PMID- 683838
TI  - The major-axis effect: axes of bilateral symmetry or loci of neural interactions?

PMID- 683839
TI  - Computer dissection of the auditory evoked potential: a comment on Schweitzer.

PMID- 683840
TI  - Some comments on Thomas' (1977) reciprocal inhibitory model for monocular
      rivalry.

PMID- 683841
TI  - [Smoking or health].

PMID- 683842
TI  - [Headache, muscle tension and facial pain].

PMID- 683843
TI  - [A review of immigration in Scandinavian countries].

PMID- 683844
TI  - [Double language difficulties in health care. Ignored immigrants have less
      diseases].

PMID- 683845
TI  - [Social and medical problems among migrant workers].

PMID- 683846
TI  - [Health control, more interpretors and education improves health care for
      imigrants].

PMID- 683847
TI  - Prejudices on both sides hinder contact between immigrants and Norwegian doctors.

PMID- 683848
TI  - [We make sure that immigrants are healthy--and then we "impose" illness on them].

PMID- 683849
TI  - [Psychological consultation for immigrants--report based on experimental work].

PMID- 683850
TI  - [Child health care among Turkish immigrants--an attempt to bridge cultural
      cleavages].

PMID- 683851
TI  - [Socio-anthropological viewpoints on work with social mediators].

PMID- 683852
TI  - [How can we reduce radiation risk in diagnostic x-ray work?].

PMID- 683853
TI  - [Battery-cages as the cause of environmental and behavioural dependent diseases
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Bone fragility and increased fat content in the liver of egg-laying hens are more
      often encountered in birds from traditional battery-cage systems than in those
      confined in other systems. By reviewing the relevant literature possible
      explanations of these phenomena are proposed. Clinical and pathological
      manifestations of the syndromes are described and a number of possible
      aetiological factors are evaluated. Bone fragility can be seen either as a
      general weakness of bone tissue or as a clinically manifest disease, Cage layer
      fatigue. It is concluded, that general restriction of the animal's possibilities
      to locomote and perform comfort movements are the most important aetiological
      factors. Fatty liver disease may be seen either as a pathological elevation of
      the liverfat content or it may be seen as a disease called Fatty liver
      haemorrhagic syndrome. Several factors may cause elevation of the liver fat
      content. The influence of restricted movement on the animals energy balance,
      however, like other behavioural disturbances seems to be the most important
      aetiological factors. It is concluded, that bone fragility and fatty liver in egg
      laying hens are diseases caused by an inadequate environment and the restriction
      of essential behavioural patterns.

PMID- 683854
TI  - [Clinical trial with coccodiostats].

PMID- 683855
TI  - Copper load in Mute Swans (Cygnus olor) found in Denmark.
AB  - Organs from 91 Mule Swans were analyzed for copper and lead. Swans from an area
      known to be polluted with copper had an average copper content in their livers of
      nearly 1100 mg/kg or more than twice as much as swams from other parts of
      Denmark.

PMID- 683856
TI  - Characterization of Micrococcaceae isolated from post mortem examined pigs.
AB  - The investigation comprised 170 cases of infections due to Micrococcaceae among
      post mortem examined pigs that died during the preweaning period. The incidence
      was 3.1 promille of the live-born pigs. The infection was most frequent among
      pigs less than 4 weeks of age (Table I). ACute and subacute generalized
      infections occurred in 43.5% of the cases (Table II), and exudative epidermitis
      was the cause of death in 23.5%. In the remaining 32.9% of the cases, the post
      mortem findings included a variety of debilitating conditions, such as undersize,
      malformation, starvation or traumata. In all 248 strains of Micrococcaceae were
      isolated. A preliminary differentiation revealed 41.5% of the strains as
      Staphylococcus aureus and 34.5% as S. epidermidis and 22.6% as Micrococcus (Table
      III). A further characterization on 43 of the strains was performed (Table IV and
      V). Totally 19 different fermentation pattern were observed. In Table IV the
      strains are grouped into six groups. Fourteen strains were identified as S.
      aureus and 15 strains as S. epidermidis biotype 2, s. S. hyicus (Table VI). The
      distribution of the non-haemolytic strains according to biotypes is shown (Table
      VII). By this grouping, the 15 S. hyicus strains were designated type III B. It
      is concluded that various staphylococci may be isolated in pure culture from
      different pathological lesions in preweaned pigs. Biochemical characterization of
      the strains showed that part of the strains could not be classified by the
      previously described grouping systems.

PMID- 683857
TI  - Evidence of an additive effect of alleles of the HAL locus on the KK index for
      porcine meat quality.

PMID- 683858
TI  - [Classical special investigations in hospital neurology. Evaluation of their
      diagnostic contribution (author's transl)].
AB  - A quantitative analysis of the diagnostic contribution of the classical special
      investigation normally used in hospital neurology. Six examinations were studied:
      laboratory blood investigations, electroencephalogramm, lumbar puncture, optic
      fundus, standard skull X-ray, standard spine X-ray. The analysis involved 548
      patients in whom 2219 examinations were performed with a yield of 26 "corrected"
      diagnosis (a diagnosis in which there was a clinical error corrected in the light
      of the results of these examinations).

PMID- 683859
TI  - [Echotomographic aspects of cervical incompetence during pregnancy].
AB  - During pregnancy, the opening of the cervix can be measured by perineal
      echotomography. Among 200 per-gravidic clinical echotomographies, 23 cervical
      incompetences were recognized. A "funnel-shaped" cervix is a cervix with an
      internal os larger than the external os; thus no clinical sign may be apparent
      and only a supra-vaginal Shirodkar's operation should be done.

PMID- 683860
TI  - [The regional exploration of pulmonary function using xenon 133. Value of the
      gamma camera connected to a computer (author's transl)].
AB  - Regional isotopic exploration of ventilation and pulmonary perfusion is not yet
      widely applied in clinical practice, by virtue of the complexity of the equipment
      required, but also because of the complicated and lengthy analysis of the
      results. In this respect, connection of the scintillation camera to a computer
      represents a major advance which other authors have already emphasized. Our own
      experience in this area and our method of exploration are described. The results
      of regional exploration in a group of 43 cases of chronic obstructive lung
      disease (33 patients of the chronic bronchitis type, 10 patients with emphysema)
      are analysed and discussed. The results indicate the following : in chronic
      bronchitis, a very marked fall in ventilation of the bases with inversion of the
      normal vertical ventilation gradient, and a fall in the ventilation/perfusion
      ratio of the bases; in emphysema, a fall in ventilation, but also and above all
      in regional perfusion of all territories with preservation of normal or even
      increased regional ventilation/perfusion ratios. Regional exploration may also be
      of value in the detection of early stages of obstructive lung disease, and in pre
      operative assessment in thoracic surgery.

PMID- 683861
TI  - [Renal dlabetes and chemical diabetes. Course in young subjects with normal
      weight (author's transl)].
AB  - Ninety-two young patients of normal weight with glycosuria were classified
      according to the results of glucose tolerance tests into renal diabetes (32
      cases) and chemical diabetes (53 cases). After 5 years or more 17 of the patients
      with renal diabetes were located. In only one case had the development of
      chemical diabetes led to correction of the initial diagnosis to that of potential
      diabetes with a reduced renal glucose threshold. Family histories of diabetes
      were identical in both groups (renal and chemical diabetes) (35 %) and did not
      provide any means for distinguishing renal diabetes from diabetes mellitus with a
      reduced renal glucose threshold. Amongst the 34 subjects with chemical diabetes
      who were located, 3 had become frank diabetics (9 %). Chemical diabetes persisted
      in 14 patients (42 %) and 17 (50 %) could be considered to be normal. In addition
      to the three subjects with frank diabetes, only 9 patients (5 with chemical
      diabetes and 4 normal) continued to take oral therapy at the time of the final
      examination. However, 13 of these patients who were not taking any treatment had
      abandoned it relatively recently. Even if the effectiveness of oral therapy is
      not fully clear, it should be remembered that continued treatment renders the
      patient less neglectful as far as diet is concerned. Tests for microangiopathy in
      the three diabetic patients were negative.

PMID- 683862
TI  - [Tubal sterility: when and how to explore its patency before or during the
      operation].

PMID- 683863
TI  - [Isolated and involvement in Crohn's disease (author's transl)].
AB  - Anorectal lesions in Crohn's disease are usually associated with colonic
      involvement. Under other circumstances, they reflect an additional localisation
      of the disease, being indicative of its progression. However, they may remain
      strictly isolated and pose a diagnostic problem. The authors report here a case
      of anoperineal lesions which remained isolated after a  5 year course of the
      disease and which led to the need for anoperineal excision.

PMID- 683864
TI  - [Malignant non-secreting cortico-adrenalomas. Four cases (author's transl)].
AB  - In three of these four cases of malignant tumour of the adrenal cortex, a
      prolonged fever and a major inflammatory syndrome were the presenting features.
      The precise diagnosis was made before surgery only once. In two cases, it was a
      surgical discovery (one patient operated upon with a false diagnosis and another
      with no precise diagnosis). In the last case, the malignant tumour of the cortex
      was discovered at autopsy. The chief characteristics of these tumours are
      reviewed: rare ; presenting with chest pain, a mass in the hypochondrium,
      metastases, or general symptoms, possibly high and prolonged fever. The prognosis
      is gloomy, the majority  of patients dying the six months which follow the
      operation.

PMID- 683865
TI  - [Paronychia, the general practitioner, the surgeon and antibiotics (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Antibiotic therapy for paronychia has seen its day. It is indicated only rarely
      and justified only when on the day following infection or during the next few
      days there are signs of regional or systemic spread. The surgical treatment of
      infections of the hand is not difficult but should be known, if not learned. A
      paronychia which has been opened but not cured should be reoperated upon rapidly.
      An "old" paronychia is a major catastrophe: small fistula, great damage. No
      surgical quarter for evil organisms!

PMID- 683866
TI  - [The repair of large abdominal dehiscences by anchored mersilene plates (author's
      transl)].
AB  - We propose a new technique for repair of abdominal ventral eventration, using a
      large mersilene mesh prothesis which is sutured to the anterior pelvic ridge
      below (Cooper's ligament and the dorsal aspect of the conjoint tendon) and to the
      intra-abdominal aspect of the ventral abdominal wall above, by means of three sub
      costal attachments which have been compared to boat shrouds. This prostetic sheet
      therefore runs through two distinct anatomical spaces and is fixed to the
      abdominal wall all along its periphery.

PMID- 683867
TI  - [Severe thrombocythemia in postpartum sacroiliitis].

PMID- 683868
TI  - [Acute fatal encephalopathy with osteonecrosis of both humeral heads following
      the ingestion of minimal doses of insoluble bismuth salts (author's transl)].

PMID- 683869
TI  - [Lithium and thyrotoxicosis (author's transl)].

PMID- 683870
TI  - [Ultrasonic scanning of Wirsung's duct. Current aspect].

PMID- 683871
TI  - [Ultrasonic scanning of Wirsung's duct; reply to A. Eisenscher and F. Weill].

PMID- 683872
TI  - [Preventive action of dihydroergotoxine ethane sulfonate on the acute
      cardiovascular effects of tobacco smoke].

PMID- 683873
TI  - [Bumper car syndrome (author's transl)].

PMID- 683874
TI  - [Can the lymphoblast transformation test contribute to the prediction of drug
      complications?].

PMID- 683875
TI  - [Esophagitis in a patient taking cimetidine].

PMID- 683876
TI  - [Psoriasis: laboratory diagnosis based on immunoelectrophoretic changes].

PMID- 683877
TI  - [Imprisonment of drug addicts. Evaluation and proposals].

PMID- 683878
TI  - [Legal professional practice society and the principles of free medicine].

PMID- 683879
TI  - [Spontaneous neoplasm regression].

PMID- 683880
TI  - [2 cases of spontaneous neoplasm regression extending over many years].

PMID- 683881
TI  - [Histological type of bronchial carcinoma and long-term remission following
      tissue resection].

PMID- 683882
TI  - [Cohort analysis of mortality from lung carcinoma in Poland].

PMID- 683883
TI  - [Serum protein changes in patients with malignant neoplasms of various location].

PMID- 683884
TI  - [Multiple drug treatment of Hodgkin's disease: the MOPP schedule].

PMID- 683885
TI  - [Technics and results of teleradiotherapy with Co-60 in cases of tumors situated
      in the region of the epiphysis].

PMID- 683886
TI  - [Importance of radiotherapy in the treatment of hypophyseal neoplasms].

PMID- 683887
TI  - [Primary tracheal carcinoma in the records of the Institute of Oncology in
      Cracow].

PMID- 683888
TI  - [Effect of polychlorinated pesticides on PHA-stimulated and non-stimulated
      lymphocytes in vitro].

PMID- 683889
TI  - [Enzymatic changes during treatment of children with levomepromazine].

PMID- 683890
TI  - [Serum cobalt-activated acylase in patients with viral hepatitis, liver cirrhosis
      and liver neoplasms].

PMID- 683891
TI  - [Suggested model for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic pancreatic diseases].

PMID- 683892
TI  - [Cardioversion in pregnancy].

PMID- 683893
TI  - [Effectiveness of L-aspartate of erythromycin A cyclic carbonate, a new Polish
      semisynthetic antibiotic in systemic infections caused by staphylococci and in
      pneumococcal pneumonia in mice].

PMID- 683894
TI  - Endothelium and shock.

PMID- 683895
TI  - The weight of human lungs as a diagnostic criterium (distinction of normal lungs
      from shock lungs by histologic, morphometric and biochemical investigations).
AB  - Lung weight, extravascular water content, hemoglobin content as an index of blood
      congestion, and DNA content as an index of cellular content, were determined for
      57 patients dying from multiple, extrathoracic trauma. This report, which
      confirms previous publications, concerns itself in particular with the problems
      of determination of the "normal" lung weight. Studies of the influence of
      survival time on the lung showed that lung weight may significantly increase to
      twice its value after very short times up to one hour after trauma as a result of
      blood congestion, and following longer survival may be elevated several times as
      a result of developing interstitial edema. Early appearing interstitial edema is
      morphometrically detectable already 10 minutes after the beginning of shock.
      Normal weights were obtained from 10 cases after immediate death following severe
      cranial trauma or decapitation by being run over. Our results show that normal
      lungs have an average weight of 234 g (s +/- 39). Literature values for "normal"
      lung weight are approximately twice as high.

PMID- 683897
TI  - [Shock lung].

PMID- 683896
TI  - The pulmonary air-blood barrier of human shock lungs (a clinical, ultrastructural
      and morphometric study).
AB  - Interstitial edema in the alveolar septa is the first morphologically
      recognisable change to be observed in cases of shock. It is brought about by the
      altered function of the membranes of the damaged epithelium and endothelium in
      the alveolar wall. At the same time there is an impairment of gaseous exchange,
      which is rendered more difficult by the exudative process in the interstitium.
      Pari passu with these events there is injury to the cells of both the alveolar
      epithelium and the alveolar capillary endothelium. Both these processes are still
      reversible. The point of irreversibility appears to be reached--so far as time is
      concerned--at the end of the first week, after which the injurious effects on the
      cell are established, since the thin alveolar wall necessary for the exchange of
      gases becomes overgrown with bulky alveocytes (Tpye II), and the fibroblasts in
      thealveolar interstitium push the capillaries away from the surface of the
      alveolus. In most of the advanced cases of shock this process of thickening of
      the alveolar wall exceeds the critical value, and respiratory exchange is so
      impaired that satisfactory functioning of the lungs is no longer possible.

PMID- 683898
TI  - Is shock-induced lung fibrosis reversible? A report on recovery from "shock
      lung".
AB  - As the consequence of a road accident a 19-year-old man developed respiratory
      insufficiency. Radiology and gas analysis revealed signs of "shock-lung".
      Morphometric analysis of a punch biopsy from the lung confirmed the diagnosis.
      Gas exchange grew worse in spite of conventional treatment. At the end of the
      third week after the trauma the maintenance of a highly negative fluid balance
      and the administration of high doses of corticoids were given a trial. The
      patient recovered. Although no functional pulmonary deficiencies remained, years
      later the patient still shows radiological evidence of extensive scarring. The
      lung parenchyma is intact, as judged by morphometric examination. This case shows
      that patients with "shock lung" can recover, but scars in the extrapulmonary
      space can remain, even though the lung parenchyma returns to normal.

PMID- 683899
TI  - The temporary ischemia as experimental model for human shock lung.

PMID- 683900
TI  - Cytophotometric DNA-measurements in abortion.
AB  - Triploid abortuses ascertained by cytogenetic analysis histologically show molar
      degeneration of the placental villi. Changes of this type which are occasionally
      encountered in routine material may suggest chromosome abnormality although
      chromosome analysis is precluded due to fixation. However, suspected triploidy
      can be proven in Feulgen-stained sections by DNA-measurements. In nine cases of
      molar degeneration selected according to histological criteria, evaluation of
      nuclear DNA-content revealed only two triploid placentae. It seems acceptable to
      assume that such molar changes in diploid abortuses may be due to prolonged
      retention of the placenta. Thus, histological criteria may suggest but cannot
      establish the diagnosis of triploidy. In case of susepcted triploidy of the feto
      placental tissue, DNA-measurements can confirm or exclude the diagnosis even if a
      cytogenetical analysis is not applicable.

PMID- 683901
TI  - The diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma by means of jet wash and DNA flow-through
      cytophotometry.
AB  - Flow-through cytophotometric determination of nuclear DNA content on jet wash
      material from the endometrium was employed in the diagnosis of endometrial
      carcinoma. One hundred and thirty cases were studied. In comparison to results
      from cytodiagnosis, flow-through photometry yielded a false negative rate of
      31.6% and a false positive rate of 42.2%. The false negative findings resulted in
      part from the small relative frequency of atypical cells in a mixed population of
      normal and atypical cells in certain cases. Besides this, we often found
      carcinomas with a diploid DNA stem line, which could not be distinguished
      cytophotometrically from normal corpus endometrium (Sandritter, 1952; Atkin et
      al., 1959; Hustin, 1976). The flow-through photometrically false positive
      findings may have resulted either from cell aggregates or from a nuclear DNA
      content elevated over the diploid value in proliferating cells (D. Wagner et al.,
      1968; D. Wagner and Richard, 1968). The observed false negative and false
      positive rates demonstrate that flow-through photometric determination of nuclear
      DNA content is unsuitable for the diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma.

PMID- 683903
TI  - [Dressings made of multilayer unwoven fabric].
AB  - The multilayer unwoven fabric dressings have been examined both in laboratory and
      clinic. The properties of metalized and ordinary dressings have been compared. In
      clinical examinations the usefulness of metalized materials was proved to burns
      and granulating wounds. Also the advantages of unwoven fabric materials over the
      classic dressings have been ascertained.

PMID- 683902
TI  - A stereological study of adrenocortical cells in spontaneously hypertensive rats
      (shr).
AB  - The ultrastructure of SHR (Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats) fasciculata cells was
      compared descriptively and quantitatively with that of nonstimulated fasciculata
      cells of Wistar rats using sterological methods. The volume and surface densities
      are expressed per cm3 of cytoplasm. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum in the SHR
      was significantly increased compared to the control animals (surface density :
      28%, volume density: 35%). Mitochondria volume remained unchanged although the
      inner mitochondrial membranes were significantly reduced (37%). An attempt was
      made to draw up a relation between sterological and biochemical data of steroid
      synthesis within the fasciculata cell. A genetically determined enzymatic defect
      in the early steps of the transformation of cholesterol to pregnenolone may exist
      at the level of the inner mitochondrial membrane. Whether this altered steroid
      metabolism is important to the etiology of hypertension in the SHR requires
      further investigation.

PMID- 683904
TI  - [Testing of plastics for orthopedic equipment].
AB  - The testing of plastics in medicine is regulated by law only for the purpose of
      implantation. These rules are not including the plastics for skin contact use. In
      consequence of the increasing offer of the chemical industry, it is necessary to
      develop specific procedures of testing for these materials, e.g. for the
      orthopedic engineering.

PMID- 683905
TI  - [Use and examination of unwoven fabrics in the production of dressings, surgical
      and bed linens].
AB  - The results of physicochemical examination of 32 kinds of unwoven fabrics as well
      as the examination of 7 kinds of the three-level dressings, operation, and bed
      clothes are reported. The fabrics consisted of polypropylene and viscose fibres,
      dilana, argona, polyamides and bonding agents (fixatives). In their water
      extracts the content of the chloride, sulphate and alkaline ions, reductors, the
      presence of heavy metals, the surface active substances and the pH were
      determined. The practical applicability of the dressings was tested in 300 cases.
      The dressings were well tolerated by the patients. The operation and bed clothes
      as well as the surgical clothes made from unwoven fabric and sterilized by
      radiosterilization may facilitate, the great deal of work in the operation units
      and in surgical wards.

PMID- 683906
TI  - Study by vaginal cytology of ovarian function in pre-menopausal women.
AB  - In the pre-menopausal years, the ovarian secretion waxes and wanes until its
      cessation. In this study of women in the pre-menopausal period neither did the
      menstrual pattern prove to be a reliable criterion by which to judge the extent
      of oestrogen effect or deficiency nor was there correlation between serial
      colpocytology and endometrial histology, Hyperplasia of the endometrium was seen
      with different degrees of oestrogen status and in the menopause. Maximum cases of
      hyperplasia were seen in the irregularly menstruating group of women. It is
      therefore emphasized that before beginning oestrogen therapy, both colpocytology
      and endometrial histology should concur to establish oestrogen deficiency. A
      close watch should be kept on cases showing an endometrial hyperplasia.

PMID- 683907
TI  - An investigation of the immune response of patients suffering from anorexia
      nervosa.
AB  - Patients suffering from anorexia nervosa rarely appear to develop the common cold
      or influenza. This study examines the immunological response of fifteen female
      anorexia nervosa patients of both the vomiting and carbohydrate-abstaining type
      and compares them with a control population matched for age and occupation. Both
      anorectics and control populations received the admune influenza vaccine.
      Initially both groups had similar haemagglutination inhibition titres against the
      three different viral antigens: A/HK; A/PC; A/Eng. However, the anorectics showed
      over a 2-month period a higher titre of antibody especially to the Hong Kong
      virus: this was sigignificant. Cellular immune responses were measured using a
      tuberculin and a macrophage inhibition test, no significant difference between
      the two groups was obderved. These results which support the clinical findings
      are discussed.

PMID- 683908
TI  - The spectrum of paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose: clinical and
      epidemiological studies.
AB  - In a regional survey of paracetamol overdose, 201 patients were admitted to
      hospital over 12 months. Chronic alcoholism was present in 10% of cases. Over 25%
      of patients were females aged 20 years or less. Initial blood paracetamol levels
      were in the toxic range in 16% and histologically severe liver damage eventually
      found in 20% of those biopsied. This finding corresponded to a serum aspartate
      aminotransferase of 600 i.u./l or more. Renal failure severe enough to require
      peritoneal dialysis developed in 1%. Elevated serum amylase was recorded in 22%
      of a 108-patient subset. Evidence of myocardial damage was found  in 11.6% of an
      eighty-six patient subset. An unfavourable prognosis was indicated by a
      prothrombin ratio of 20% or less and hepatic coma, the overall mortality being
      3.5%. The apparent safety of this useful analgesic is compromized by its
      widespread employment in parasuicide. This, the insidious and delayed onset of
      toxicity in overdose and ineffectiveness of late treatment argues for controlling
      availability to the general public.

PMID- 683909
TI  - The effects of potassium supplements, spironolactone of amiloride on the
      potassium status of patients with heart failure.
AB  - Extra potassium supplements, spironolactone or amiloride were given for 5 months
      to forty-nine patients with heart failure who were taking furosemide and were in
      a steady state. Plasma potassium increased with all three treatments but there
      was no significant increase in total body potassium or red cell potassium. These
      findings together with other studies suggest that patients with heart failure
      taking diuretics do not have a significant depletion of body potassium.

PMID- 683910
TI  - Ileo-caecal tuberculosis in immigrants.
AB  - Four cases of ileo-caecal tuberculosis in Asian immigrants were seen in a 6-month
      period at The London Hospital. Although rare in Caucasians, this condition is an
      important cause of gastrointestinal symptoms in this ethnic group. Definitive
      diagnosis can frequently be made only by histological examination and culture of
      biopsy material obtained at laparotomy. However, in suitable cases, where there
      is a high index of clinical suspicion, a trial of chemotherapy may be preferable
      to operation. If laparotomy is performed, resection with subsequent chemotherapy
      is the treatment of choice.

PMID- 683911
TI  - Staphylococcal aortic valve endocarditis with aortic root to right atrial
      fistula.
AB  - Infective endocarditis can be complicated by the development of intra-cardiac
      shunts. A case of endocarditis secondary to staphylococcal septicaemia is
      reported where various conduction defects preceded the development of a fistula
      from the aortic root to the right atrium. Before emergency surgery there was
      marked worsening of heart failure with the appearance of a new loud murmur
      throughout diastole.

PMID- 683912
TI  - Intravascular haemolysis and acute renal failure following potassium dichromate
      poisoning.
AB  - An 18-year-old girl developed acute renal failure 24 hr after ingestion of
      potassium dichromate. Laboratory data revealed associated intravascular
      haemolysis. Renal histology showed features suggestive of acute tubular necrosis.
      She went into diuretic phase after 11 days of oliguria and subsequently regained
      normal renal function. Both direct toxic damage by dichromate and intravascular
      haemolysis may have contributed to the development of acute tubular necrosis and
      acute renal failure.

PMID- 683913
TI  - Granulomatous sarcoid nephropathy.
AB  - When sarcoidosis of the renal parenchyma occurs it is rarely of major clinical
      significance. The clinical features and post-mortem findings of a case of
      subacute uraemic syndrome due to severe granulomatous involvement of the kidney
      by sarcoidosis are described. The case is unusual in that granulomatous sarcoid
      nephropathy resulted in death from renal failure within 4 months of onset of
      symptoms in the absence of clinically apparent sarcoidosis.

PMID- 683914
TI  - Pancreatitis and duodenal obstruction due to periampullary carcinoma associated
      with familial polyposis coli.
AB  - Duodenal lesions are being reported in cases with familial polyposis of the
      colon. A case is described presenting with duodenal obstruction and pancreatitis
      complicating a peri-ampullary carcinoma in a patient with familial polyposis
      (adenomatosis of the colon and rectum). Upper gastrointestinal lesions notably in
      the duodenum include duodenal polyps and carcinoma and peri-ampullary malignancy.
      It is suggested that endoscopy and hypotonic duodenography be considered in
      patients with adenomatosis of the colon and rectum presenting with non-colonic
      alimentary symptoms.

PMID- 683915
TI  - Unexplained absence of an ovary and uterine tube.
AB  - A case is reported of an incidental laparotomy finding of absence of left ovary
      and ipsilateral distal Fallopian tube. This is the fourth case to be reported in
      the English language literature. The three previous cases are reviewed and the
      probable aetiology discussed.

PMID- 683916
TI  - An unusual presentation and complication of acute appendicitis.
AB  - A case history is presented to illustrate an uncommon complication of acute
      appendicitis which itself was overshadowed by an acute arterial embolus.

PMID- 683917
TI  - Inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone associated with cerebellar and
      cerebral atrophy.
AB  - The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is
      described in a 67-year-old man with cerebellar and cerebral atrophy. This is the
      first reported case of this association.

PMID- 683918
TI  - [Early diagnosis of chronic respiratory diseases].

PMID- 683919
TI  - [Pulmonary silicosis (not including asbestosis and berylliosis].
AB  - The pleuro-pulmonary pathology of asbestos, top most of silicates, is today well
      known. Other silicates, talcum powder, clays, micas essentially, are exploited
      and commercialized. Their pathology is less well known and often contradictory
      because of the heterogeneity of the inhaled minerals. All can contain large
      quantities of quartz and some varieties of talcum and a considerable proportion
      of asbestos fibres. These minerals can provoke severe pneumoconioses, silicoses
      and asbestoses respectively. Some relatively pure products do not contain these
      contaminants. In case of intense and prolonged dust inhaling, they can produced
      an impressive pneumoconiosis with relatively mild clinical signs as shown by the
      series of 27 cases of pneumoconiosis from the french talcum powder as reported by
      the authors. The chemical nature and electronic structure of different silicates
      are very similar. It raises the question of the noxious effect of asbestos and
      the relative innocuousness of other minerals of the same family, and wether the
      fibrous structure alone is implicated.

PMID- 683920
TI  - [Pulmonary talcosis. A propos of one case with ultrastructural and mineralogical
      examination].

PMID- 683921
TI  - [Two surveys on farmer's lung disease and bird breeder's disease in the Pyrenees
      region].
AB  - Two different surveys, one strictly epidemiological in rural areas, the other
      retrospective and within hospitals, led to a better knowledge of the setting of
      the FLD and BBD in South Pyrenees region. In the country, more than 12% of
      patients had specific precipitins, 6% had either one or both diseases; women had
      anti-aviary precipitins more frequently than men. The retrospective hospital
      survey yielded 456 cases of patients admitted or consulting revealing numerous
      correlations between the different clinical, radiological and functional
      syndromes on the one hand and the serological positivity on the other.
      Serological diagnosis was most useful, as a wide variety of antigenic extracts
      was used (actinomycetes thermophiles, mouldy hay, bird droppings), mixed
      sensitizing was extremely frequent. The widely found positivity towards avian
      antigens seems specific to the South Pyrenees region.

PMID- 683922
TI  - [Farmer's lung disease in the Aveyron department (a retrospective study of 82
      cases)].
AB  - The authors present a retrospective study of 82 cases of farmer's lung disease in
      the Aveyron department. Observations were selected on precise diagnostic criteria
      classified on acute (8 cases), progressive (69 cases) and chronic alveolitis (5
      cases). They observe an almost exclusive repartition in the bovine breeding
      areas, which are regions of large hay culture and of high humidity. They show the
      annual repartition of cases is strongly linked to the pluviometry of the previous
      hay-making. They underline the fact that the modernising of agricultural work
      reduces some factors favourable to the disease but can promote new ones.

PMID- 683923
TI  - [Respiratory and hemodynamic functional tests in funnel chest].
AB  - Fifty three patients with Pectus excavatum, 12.5 years of age on average, were
      studied. They frequently had respiratory history (in 36% of cases): asthma,
      repetitive bronchites or rhinopharyngites, and associated squeletal deformities
      (17%) : kyphoscoliosis, lordo-kyphosis and scoliosis. As far as ventilation is
      concerned, the restrictive syndrome was found in 49% of cases, severely in 23%
      (20% decrease in C. V.) An obstructive syndrome was found only in cases of
      associated asthma. Bodypletysmography done parallely in 5 cases puts in evidence
      or increases the ventilatory abnormalities. In the cardio-vascular check up, the
      chest X ray, E.C.G., the pulmonary scintigraphy or straight microcatheterization,
      usually reveal some abnormality (15% of cases). The synthesis of results points
      out two facts : 1) when the heart is in its position and the cardiomediastinal
      shadow enlarges, the E.C.G. abnormalities are unimportant; when the heart is
      displaced towards the left, the electrical disorders are bigger ; 2)
      microcatheterization done on 22 subjects revealed a gradient of systolic
      pressure, right ventricle-pulmonary artery, definite or severe in 4 cases, lesser
      in 9. Surgery rarely improves the spirometry and E.C.G. abnormalities, but does
      seem to cure the hemodynamic disorders.

PMID- 683924
TI  - [Funnel chest. Generalities, Surgical treament].
AB  - The Pectus excavatum (P.E.) or funnel shaped thorax is a relatively frequent
      malformation of the chest wall. After a survey of references, the authors recall
      the main elements of an affection with functional results sometimes important.
      The results of surgical treatment are analized in relation with the kind of
      intervention and the age of the patients. Modelling sternochondroplasty with
      temporary retrosternal support for the deep funnels, the subcutaneous filling of
      the deformity in slight P.E. should at present be recommended. Definitive results
      can only be appreciated after 3 to 5 years.

PMID- 683925
TI  - [Surgical treatment of funnel chest].
AB  - The main problems of indication, operating techniques and results are recalled
      after 39 cases of pectus excavatum (P.E.) operated on 74 followed up children.
      Analysis revealed frequent family trend, respiratory past records of Marfan's
      morphological type and intrathoracic spur. Sternochondroplasty had varied
      stabilizing ways : first Garnier's technique, then Judet's costal clips, today
      the mediastinal rod of Morel. The relative deterioration of morphological results
      depended on the reliability of the manner of fixing. For good results, neither
      age, sex, nor the importance of the retraction interfered. The unfavourable
      elements are the gently sloping thorax and associated vertebral manifestation.

PMID- 683926
TI  - Counselling of patients requesting an abortion.

PMID- 683927
TI  - Outside the practice.

PMID- 683928
TI  - Drug-induced renal disease.

PMID- 683929
TI  - Acute renal failure.
AB  - Acute renal failure even today carries a high mortality, which is related
      directly to the aetiology of the condition and the age of the patient. Modern
      radiological techniques have added considerably to the early diagnosis of
      obstructive factors and acute tubular necrosis. Early treatment and correction of
      prerenal factors can frequently forestall the development of established acute
      renal failure but if this is inevitable total patient care and full supportive
      measures including dialysis should be available.

PMID- 683930
TI  - Chronic renal failure.

PMID- 683931
TI  - Renal bone disease.

PMID- 683932
TI  - Immunization for overseas travel.

PMID- 683933
TI  - Immunization in Britain. The current position.

PMID- 683934
TI  - Malaria in the Solomon Islands.

PMID- 683935
TI  - Lists and list-makers, mnemonics and mnemonists.

PMID- 683936
TI  - A survey of patients receiving thyroxine in a group practice.

PMID- 683937
TI  - Aspects of the ileostomy appliance. A survey of the patients' difficulties.

PMID- 683938
TI  - Methyclothiazide in hypertension. A report from the General Practitioner Research
      Group.
AB  - In view of the statistically significant falls in blood pressure achieved at the
      end of two weeks only, it would seem that methyclothiazide is an effective
      antihypertensive agent, at least in the new cases of mild hypertension treated in
      this trial. The results are, perhaps, particularly impressive in view of the fact
      that the majority of patients were treated with the smaller dose of 5mg daily. In
      this trial, postural hypotension was of no importance whatsoever, and the
      incidence of side effects was minimal. Methyclothiazide would seem to be a
      suitable choice for the treatment of mild hypertension in general practice.

PMID- 683939
TI  - Clinical and epidemiological aspects of myocobacterial infection in Western
      Germany.

PMID- 683940
TI  - [Congenital oesophago-bronchial fistula (author's transl)].

PMID- 683941
TI  - [Perthoracic lung biopsy in the diagnosis of lung tumours (author's transl)].

PMID- 683942
TI  - [The effect of chronic lung diseases on the left heart (author's transl)].

PMID- 683943
TI  - [Results of surgery of bronchogenic carcinoma (1958--1972) (author's transl)].

PMID- 683944
TI  - [Bronchial provocation tests for the practitioner (a new apparatus for the direct
      measurement of airways resistance) (author's transl)].

PMID- 683945
TI  - [Global control of tuberculosis (author's transl)].

PMID- 683947
TI  - [Is serial thoracic radiography still necessary and defensible?].

PMID- 683946
TI  - [Rifampicin concentrations in the sputum before and after administration of
      bromohexine (author's transl)].

PMID- 683948
TI  - [Encopresis in temporarily hospitalized children].

PMID- 683949
TI  - [Efficiency testing of client-centered play therapy in children from educational
      guidance centers].

PMID- 683950
TI  - [Presentation of work done with children and adolescents suffering from behavior
      disorders in a pedagogic-psychologic practice].

PMID- 683951
TI  - Theory and practice of behavior modification in school based on the acquisition
      theory.

PMID- 683952
TI  - [Cholelithiasis: therapeutic litholysis (author's transl)].

PMID- 683953
TI  - [Gastroduodenal ulcer disease (author's transl)].

PMID- 683954
TI  - [Treatment of reflux disease (author's transl)].

PMID- 683955
TI  - [Dietetics in gastroenterology: current status (author's transl)].

PMID- 683956
TI  - [Splendour and distress of modern gastroenterology (author's transl)].

PMID- 683957
TI  - [Anticoagulant therapy after myocardial infarction: yes or no, if yes for ever?
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 683958
TI  - [Clinical aspects of sick-sinus-syndrome (author's transl)].

PMID- 683959
TI  - [Spontaneous intracranial bleeding in hemophilia B (author's transl)].

PMID- 683960
TI  - [Calcium intoxication and septicemia in terminal renal insufficiency with renal
      osteodystrophy (author's transl)].

PMID- 683961
TI  - [Initial treatment of the menopausal syndrome. Results of a field study (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 683962
TI  - [Clinical study of oxetorone in catamenial migraine. Comparison of two
      posological diagrams (author's transl)].

PMID- 683963
TI  - [Diabetes mellitus and the state of ocular accommodation in schoolchildren].
AB  - The author presents characteristics of refraction in 67 children and adolescents
      suffering from diabetes mellitus. The state of accomodative function of the eyes
      was studied in 39 schoolchildren with spherical refraction. Accomodation was
      found to be reduced in diabetic schoolchildren, this being connected with a
      prolonged course of the main disease.

PMID- 683964
TI  - [Indicators of lipid metabolism in early stages of diabetes mellitus].
AB  - The authors studied the lipid metabolism indices (total lipids, cholesterol,
      triglycerides, phospholipids, serum gonadotropin) in 60 patients with a latent
      form of diabetes mellitus, 40 persons with doubtful results of TTH, and 120
      persons with a normal TTH type. In 50 patients with latent diabetes the lipid
      metabolism indices were determined depending on the character of treatment--diet
      treatment, treatment with diet and adebit, and unlimited diet. Disturbance of
      lipid metabolism indices was noted already at the early stages of diabetes
      mellitus: there was an elevation of total lipids, triglycerides, serum
      gonadotropin, and cholesterol. An improvement of lipid metabolism indices
      occurred under the action of adebit; it produced a particularly significant
      effect on triglycerides.

PMID- 683965
TI  - [Hemodynamics of the eyes in diabetes mellitus].
AB  - The authors present evidence on the state of hemodynamics of the eye in patients
      suffering from diabetes mellitus on the basis of rheoophthalmographic and
      ophthalmoscopic studies with the use of the method of fluorescent angiography of
      the retina. The volume circulation of the eye proved to be connected with the
      intraophthalmic pressure and depended on the degree of affection of the eye
      vessels. Its changes were two-stage in character and depended on the state of the
      venous outflow. Diabetic retinopathy of the II stage served as the stage during
      which there was a sharp reduction of compensatory possibilities of hemodynamics,
      and further progress of vascular disturbances were observed. Rheoophthalmography
      permits to assess indirectly the degree of compensation of hemodynamic
      disturbances and can be used to asses clinical evolution of diabetic retinopathy.

PMID- 683966
TI  - [Early diagnosis of circulatory insufficiency in thyrotoxicosis].
AB  - On the basis of the results of examination of 256 patients with various forms of
      thyrotoxicosis the author distinguished criteria for early diagnosis of
      circulatory insufficiency of thyrotoxic origin. The following were referred to
      their number: a) prolongation of the ejection time with normal or decreased
      expulsion values; b) increase of the minute heart volume chiefly or exclusively
      on account of increased frequency of cardiac contractions; c) disproportion
      between the indices of heart work and the rate of cardiac contraction; d) the
      presence of hypodynamic reaction to the altering volume load in cardiac
      fibrillation. Comparison of the mentioned indices with those of clinical symptoms
      permitted to begin cardiac glycoside therapy in time and to differentiate the
      therapeutic tactics.

PMID- 683967
TI  - [Use of the clomiphene test for evaluation of the functional state of the
      hypothalamus-pituitary gland-ovarian system in ovarian hyperandrogenia].
AB  - The authors studied the content of gonadotropins and testosterone in the blood;
      functional condition of the hypothalamus-hypophysis-ovarian system was
      characterized in patients with ovarian hyperandrogenia by using the klomiphen
      test. Testosterone level in all the patients and prolactin level in 70% of the
      patients proved to exceed the normal values, wheras the LH level could be low,
      normal or high. With klomiphen test it was shown that both the gonadotropin and
      estrogen levels rose against the background of action of the preparation; as to
      testosterone level--it remained unchanged. In induced menstrual cycles estradiol
      peak preceded the gonadotropin peak. In patients with ovulation testosterone
      level diminished by the end of the observation period.

PMID- 683968
TI  - [Functional state of the pituitary gland-ovarian system in gonadal agenesis and
      dysgenesis].
AB  - Functional condition of the hypophysis-gonad system with the determination of the
      LH and FSH level in the course of one month, of estrogens and testosterones in
      the blood, of estrogens in the urine, sex chromatine, kariotype,
      roentgenomorphology and histology of the gonads, as well as the changes in
      gonadotropines against the background of estrogen treatment were studied in 30
      patients (in 18 with Shereshevsky-Turner's syndrome, and in 12 with pure gonad
      agenesis). There were differences in the state of gonadotropic activity in
      patients of these groups, rather similar by condition and time of the gonad
      affection. In Shereshevsky-Turner's syndrome gonadotropic activity was
      characterized by a sharp elevation of the LH and FSH level with frequent chaotic
      desynchronized fluctuations; in pure gonad agenesis the FSH level was elevated
      and subject to chaotic fluctuations; as to LH level--it was stable and within the
      normal limits. Shereshevsky-Turner's syndrome with pure agenesis displayed a
      retention of the feedback in the hypophysis-gonad system, this being indicated by
      reduction of the LH level against the background of estrogen therapy. The FSH
      content was a more informative index for the diagnosis of the gonad agenesis than
      the LH content. There was revealed no correlation between the kariotypes and the
      gonadotropin level in the patients. Estrogen therapy in the gonad agenesis and
      dysgenesis is required not only for feminization of the patients, but also for
      suppression of increased hypothalamic activity characteristic of these cases.

PMID- 683969
TI  - [Problem of autonomy of adrenal cortex adenomas of different histological
      structures in Cushing's syndrome].
AB  - The authors analyzed the results of examination of 69 patients operated on for
      Itsenko-Cushing's syndrome (ICS); in 32 cases tumours of the adrenal cortex were
      revealed during the operation. Two histological forms of adenoma of the adrenal
      cortex were distinguished, i.e. adenomas of mono- and polymorphous structure.
      Increased background urinary excretion of 17-oxycorticosteroids (17-OCS) in
      patients with ICS suffering from tumours of polymorphous structure persisted at
      the former level or increased in the tests with 8 mg of dexamethazone (DMZ). The
      character of tests with 8 mg of DMZ in patients with ICS having adenomas of
      monomorphous structure was analogous to such in patients with ICS, but without
      any adrenal gland tumours--urinary 17-OCS excretion was either decreased or
      suppressed by 50 or more per cent of the initial level. A suggestion is put
      forward on functional dependence of the adrenal cortex of monomorphous structure
      on the hypothalamo-hypophysial control.

PMID- 683970
TI  - [Normal labor in a patient with Cushing's syndrome after bilateral
      adrenalectomy].

PMID- 683971
TI  - [Sustained specific desensitization in a patient with diabetes mellitus with
      insulin allergy under conditions of immunoglobulin control].

PMID- 683972
TI  - [Use of carbamazepine (finlepsin) in diabetes insipidus].

PMID- 683973
TI  - [Study of the insulin-receptor interaction on the plasma membranes of rat liver].
AB  - The radioreceptor method was applied to the study of specific insulin binding on
      the plasma membranes of the rat liver. Highly purified plasma membranes were
      obtained and conditions of their incubation with insulin were worked out for this
      purpose. Two types of insulin receptors were revealed: the first one with
      Cass=3.8( +/- 0.4)x10(11)M-1 and binding capacity=0.7( +/- 0.1) pM/mg; the second
      one--with less relationship of Cass=8( +/- 1)x10(10)M-1 and binding capacity=5(
      +/- 0.7) pM/mg.

PMID- 683974
TI  - [Analysis of the function of the spinal cord monosynaptic apparatus in rats with
      manifest alloxan diabetes].
AB  - The intensity of the monosynaptic spinal cord reflex was studied in rats with
      prolonged severe diabetes mellitus and with that of moderate severity, of short
      duration. Methods of H-reflex and M-response of the motor nerves and muscles were
      used. The number of motor neurons taking part in the reflex proved to be less in
      diabetic animals; rhythmic H-reflex was depressed. These disturbances were
      primarily connected with the functional changes of the primary afferent terminals
      of the segmental spinal cord level. In animals with moderately severe diabetes
      the operative mediator fraction was readily exhausted and the mediator emission
      decreased. Besides, animals with a severe form of alloxan diabetes displayed
      postsynaptic disturbances. A positive correlation between the extent of the H
      reflex depression and the severity (duration) of alloxan diabetes was
      demonstrated.

PMID- 683975
TI  - [Effect of thyroxine and thyroidectomy on the activity of adenylate deaminase in
      the tissues of guinea pigs].
AB  - The authors studied the influence of thyroxin and thyroidectomy on adenylate
      deaminase activity in the liver, the myocardium, the brain and the skeletal
      muscles of guinea pigs. Thyroxin used in normal animals (200 microgram/100 g of
      body weight for 7 days) failed to alter the enzymatic activity in the tissues
      under study, whereas in thyroidectomized guinea pigs (50 microgram/100 g of body
      weight at the same interval)--it enhanced this activity. Thyroidectomy diminished
      the adenylate deaminase activity in the skeletal muscles and considerably
      increased it in the myocardium and in the brain.

PMID- 683977
TI  - [Mechanism of oliguria in experimental hypoparathyroidism].
AB  - Diuresis was found to diminish considerably in dogs with removed (by enucleation
      or burning out) parathyroid glands chiefly on account of intensified tubular
      reabsorption. In the mechanism of oliguria in hypoparathyroidism a definite role
      is played by hypocalciemia. An acute reduction of blood calcium in intact dogs
      also suppressed diuresis. Dogs with hypoparathyroidism displayed a marked
      elevation of blood plasma antidiuretic activity and a high level of reabsorption
      of osmotically free water. Intravenous injection of adrenoblocker
      dihydroergotamine eliminated the suppression of diuresis in the parathyroprived
      dogs. Apparently, a definite role in the origin of oliguria belonged to
      substances of adrenergic nature.

PMID- 683976
TI  - [Effect of thyroid hormones and iodine ions on the amino acid incorporation into
      proteins of liver mitochondria].
AB  - The thyroxin-like effect of I2 and ICl on the 3H-glycine and and 14C-leucine
      incorporation into proteins of mitochondria isolated from the liver of
      thyroidectomized animals was demonstrated. Triiodthyronine and iodine-containing
      substances increased in vitro incorporation of labeled amino acids into proteins
      of isolated mitochondria. The stimulating effect of T3 and ICl was eliminated by
      olivomycine and chloramphenicol. The action of ICl in these reactions had a much
      shorter latent period in comparison with the T3 action. The effect of IC1 was
      expressed as soon as the 30th minute after the injection. The results obtained
      confirmed the supposition that under definite conditions iodine ions could
      imitate the effect of the thyroid hormones on the protein synthesis in the cell
      of animals; the problem of a possibility of thyroid hormones to realize its
      biological effect at the moelcular level with the aid of iodine ions is thus put
      forward.

PMID- 683978
TI  - [Morphofunctional characteristics of the thyroid gland after correction of iodine
      and bromine deficiency].
AB  - Experiments were conducted on rats; morphofunctional changes of the thyroid gland
      in correction of iodine and bromine deficiency, depending on the regimen of the
      microelements administration in the course of a one-week cycle were studied.
      Daily administration of a one-week dose of iodine and bromine proved to be most
      effective in respect to the normalization of the morphofunctional condition of
      the thyroid gland in animals given iodine-deficient diet. The lowest thyroid
      gland weight, intensification of the synthetic processes in the thyrocytes,
      complete utilization of the thyroid gland iodine, and enrichment of the organism
      with trace elements were noted. Recommendations are given concerning the
      expediency of the change of regimen of iodine and bromine administration in group
      antigoiter prophylaxis.

PMID- 683979
TI  - [Effect of steroids with anti-androgenic properties on the androgenic and
      myotrophic activity of testosterone and its various derivatives].
AB  - Experiments were conducted on castrated male rats. The effect of antiandrogen
      17,17-dimethyl-18-norandrostadien-4,13-one-3 on the androgenic and myotrophic
      activity of testosterone and of some of its modified analogues, preparations with
      anabolic action, was studied. The intensity of the antihormonal effects depended
      not only on the antiandrogen dose used, but also on the dose of the agonist
      preparation. The author suggests a modification of the method used to assess the
      biological action of antiandrogens, consisting in a single administration of the
      "anabolic" preparation with a prolonged action and a 7-day administration of
      antiandrogen to castrated animals.

PMID- 683980
TI  - [Function of the neuromotor apparatus in diabetes mellitus].
AB  - Peculiarities of the reflex and motor responses (H-and M-responses) of the soleus
      muscle in stimulation of the tibial nerve were studied in 69 patients with
      diabetes mellitus and in 44 healthy persons. The ratio of the maximal amplitudes
      of the H/M potentials studied usually decreased in patients with diabetic
      polyneuropathy in comparison with analogous indices in healthy persons. However,
      in the presence of labile or ketoacidotic forms of diabetes H/M increased
      considerably. Accelerated restoration of the H-reflex amplitude in coupled
      stimulations of the nerve in such patients indicated intensification of the
      facilitating cerebrospinal influences. A marked increase of the tendon and H
      reflexes amplitude in patients with diabetes against the background of
      Jendrassik's method pointed to a possible deafferentation of the spinal centres.
      The results obtained indicated that, irrespective of the manifestations of the
      neuropathy symptoms, there were functional disturbances of both the segmental and
      suprasegmental formations controlling the motor function.

PMID- 683981
TI  - [Effectiveness of nerobol and enteral oxygen therapy in experimental liver
      dystrophy].
AB  - Experiments were conducted on 115 female albino rats; a study was made of the
      efficacy of nerobol and enteral oxygen therapy in acute dystrophy of the liver on
      the 7th and 14th days after the beginning of carbon tetrachloride administration.
      The use of nerobol, particularly in its combination with oxygen therapy, favoured
      gain in weight of the animals, improved their general condition, accelerated
      normalization of hepatic functions. Treatment promoted more rapid and complete
      restoration of the intensity of bile secretion, enhanced the synthesis of free
      bile acids, and also their conjugation with glycine and taurine. When combined
      with enteral oxygen therapy the efficacy of nerobol increased considerably.

PMID- 683982
TI  - [Physicochemical characteristics of the erythrocytes of fibrinolytic blood].

PMID- 683984
TI  - [Electrokinetic property study of the formed blood elements under the action of
      electromagnetic factors].

PMID- 683983
TI  - [Effective solutions for suspending thawed erythrocytes].

PMID- 683985
TI  - [Immunological support of component blood transfusion therapy].

PMID- 683986
TI  - [Therapeutic effectiveness of 20% placental albumin in liver cirrhosis].

PMID- 683987
TI  - [Thermographic method of assessing the effectiveness of infusion therapy in
      stomach diseases].

PMID- 683988
TI  - [Nature of the changes in the optical density of thrombocyte suspensions in
      hypotonic shock].

PMID- 683989
TI  - [Elaboration of optimal regimens for the programmed freezing of leukocytes].

PMID- 683990
TI  - Site, type and causes of mandibular fractures in 704 inpatients.

PMID- 683991
TI  - Oral health among the inmates of old people's homes. V. Radiographic findings in
      the jawbones.

PMID- 683992
TI  - Prevalence of extracted primary canines and molars in children aged 3 to 6 years
      in the city of Lahti.

PMID- 683993
TI  - The effect of pre-impression mouth rinsing on the viscosity of saliva.

PMID- 683994
TI  - [Fissure sealants in caries prevention].

PMID- 683995
TI  - [Dental caries and its prevention].

PMID- 683996
TI  - [Microscopic study of synarthrotic changes in rats after single sided partial
      masticatory muscle removal].

PMID- 683997
TI  - Concurrent secretion of calcitonin and parathyroid hormone in vitro from the rat
      thyroparathyroid complex.

PMID- 683998
TI  - Influence of cadmium on two-kidney Goldblatt hypertension in Dahl rats.

PMID- 683999
TI  - The anoxic effect on 2-deoxy-D-[3H]glucose uptake in the isolated cerebral
      capillaries.

PMID- 684000
TI  - Selective in vivo inhibition of monoamine oxidase in rat tissues by N-[2-(O
      chlorophenoxy)-ethyl]-cyclopropylamine.

PMID- 684001
TI  - Hepatic purine enzyme profiles and uric acid overproduction in muscular dystrophy
      and in inherited tophaceous gout.

PMID- 684002
TI  - The electrophysiological actions of the combination of quinindine and propranolol
      on the dog atrium.

PMID- 684003
TI  - Influence of maturity on immunosuppression by delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol.

PMID- 684004
TI  - Hemodynamic effects of furosemide in isolated perfused rat kidneys.

PMID- 684005
TI  - Melatonin prevents refratoriness to short days in male hamsters.

PMID- 684006
TI  - Isolation of a gonadotropin (PMEG) from pregnant mare endometrial cups:
      comparison with PMSG.

PMID- 684007
TI  - Characteristics of bacteriophage phiV-1 isolated from live virus vaccines.

PMID- 684008
TI  - Amelioration of nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism in rats by
      adrenalectomy.

PMID- 684009
TI  - Effects of cations and anions on the binding of 3H-diazepam to rat brain.

PMID- 684010
TI  - Cinnabarinate synthase activity in normal and acatalasemic mice.

PMID- 684011
TI  - A role for carnosine and anserine in histamine metabolism of the traumatized rat.

PMID- 684012
TI  - Enzymes of the purine nucleotide cycle in muscles from normal and dystrophic
      chickens.

PMID- 684013
TI  - Dextran production as a possible virulence factor in streptococcal endocarditis.

PMID- 684014
TI  - Experimental lactic acidosis: effect of nitroprusside.

PMID- 684015
TI  - Effects of endorphins on prolactin and growth hormone secretion in rats.

PMID- 684016
TI  - Modification of the depressor response to arachidonic acid in dogs by gonadal
      steroids.

PMID- 684017
TI  - Gastric inhibitory polypeptide increases mesenteric blood flow.

PMID- 684018
TI  - Effect of small-particle aerosols of rimantadine and ribavirin on
      pathophysiologic changes associated with A/NJ influenza in mice.

PMID- 684019
TI  - Lack of evidence for neurogenic renal vasodilatation in anesthetized dogs.

PMID- 684020
TI  - Early labeled heme synthesis from delta-aminolevulinic acid-4-[14C] in rats:
      comparison with glycine-2-[14C].

PMID- 684021
TI  - Plasma concentrations of estradiol produced with two delivery systems in
      ovariectomized rats.

PMID- 684022
TI  - The loss of a low molecular weight acrosin inhibitor from acrosomes during
      capacitation.

PMID- 684023
TI  - Inhibitory action of high levels of glucose on glucagon effects in the isolated
      perfused rat liver.

PMID- 684024
TI  - Hypokalemia, in Bartter's syndrome and other disorders, produces resistance to
      vasopressors via prostaglandin overproduction.

PMID- 684025
TI  - [Drug-induced phospholipidosis. An example of the use of NMR spectroscopy in
      pharmacologic research].

PMID- 684026
TI  - [Liberation and resorption of drugs; proof in model experiments].

PMID- 684027
TI  - [Aseptic fluid preparation in plastic containers].

PMID- 684028
TI  - Portacaval shunt in the rat: an animal model for evaluation of uricase activity.

PMID- 684029
TI  - Influence of hormonal treatments on the sensitivity of the isolated uterus to
      PGF2alpha in the rat.

PMID- 684030
TI  - Inhibition of the serotoninergic uptake system by MK-212 (6-chloro-2-[1
      piperazinyl]-pyrazine)

PMID- 684031
TI  - Effect of cholinomimetic drugs in combination with amfonelic acid or spiperone on
      the concentration of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid in rat brain.

PMID- 684032
TI  - Chronic environmental stress on the development of MAO and COMT in discrete brain
      region.

PMID- 684034
TI  - Complexes of steroid drugs with polypropylene glycol: further observations.

PMID- 684033
TI  - Intravenous cocaine lethality in the rat.

PMID- 684035
TI  - A comparative study of serum and testicular concentrations of AF 1312/TS (or 1
      [(4-chlorophenyl)methyl] 1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid) and diclondazolic acid
      (or 1-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)methyl)] -1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid) in rats.

PMID- 684036
TI  - Multicompartmental analysis of serum, urine and bile concentrations of rifampicin
      and desacetyl-rifampicin in subjects treated for one week.

PMID- 684038
TI  - Observations on the influence of graded pretreatment doses of zinc sulphate on
      the gastric effects of reserpine in rats.

PMID- 684037
TI  - Con A agglutination of DTIC-altered lymphoma cells.

PMID- 684039
TI  - An application of alumina column for the assay of adenine and
      hypoxanthine/guanine phosphoribosyltransferase activity: simple and rapid method.

PMID- 684040
TI  - Influence of a rickets-inducing diet on citrate metabolism.

PMID- 684041
TI  - The influence of hydrocortisone and indomethacin on the release of prostaglandin
      like substances during circulatory shock in cats, which was induced by an
      intravenous administration of rabbit blood.

PMID- 684042
TI  - Comparative acute oral toxicity of sodium warfarin and microcrystalline warfarin
      in the Sprague-Dawley rat.

PMID- 684043
TI  - Effects of different dosages of vincristine on the component conductances of rat
      skeletal muscle fibers.

PMID- 684044
TI  - Effects of 8-monochloro-3-beta-diethylaminoethyl-4-methyl-7-ethoxycarbonylmethoxy
      coumarin (AD6) on the coronary circulation in the dog.

PMID- 684045
TI  - Facilitation of avoidance behaviour by chlordiazepoxide-morphine combinations in
      reserpinzed mice.

PMID- 684046
TI  - [Sugar derivatives from azomethines and secondary amines].

PMID- 684047
TI  - Studies on the crystalline form of phenytoin.
AB  - Two crystalline forms of phenytoin were isolated and characterized by X-ray
      diffraction, IR spectroscopy and differential thermal analysis. The dissolution
      behavior of the two forms was determined in water. The crystals of needle shape
      (form II) were found to exhibit slower dissolution rate than the other crystal
      form (form I).

PMID- 684048
TI  - [Determination of the oxygen permeability of plastic bottles using the SMZ 300
      rod detector in connection with the M 65 F p02-meter. 33. Problems in filling
      plastic drug containers for fluid drug preparations].

PMID- 684049
TI  - A voltammetric study of trimethoprim.
AB  - With a dropping-mercury electrode well-developed dc. polarographic reduction
      waves of trimethoprim (1) were obtained with 0.1 M H2SO4, citrate buffers (pH = 3
      -4) and acetate buffers. The solutions contain 25% ethanol as co-solvent. The
      reduction process is irreversible and the limiting currents are directly
      proportional to the concentration of I within the range from 5.10(-5) to 10(-3)M.
      Coulometric measurements indicate that 4 electrons are consumed per molecule. The
      reduction process is initiated by the reduction of the 3, 4 double bond in the
      pyrimidine moiety but results in the final splithing-off of two amino groups. In
      acetonitrile with 0.1 M LiClO4 as supporting electrolyte, two concentration
      proportional anodic oxidation waves are obtained with a rotated gold disk
      electrode.

PMID- 684050
TI  - Application of orthogonal functions to the determination of prednisolone and
      hydrocortisone in some pharmaceutical preparations.
AB  - Glenn's method of orthogonal functions has been successfully applied to the
      direct spectrophotometric determination of the title compounds in presence of
      phenylephrine and/or neomycin sulphate without preliminary separation. The
      proposed methods when applied to the analysis of market preparations are in good
      agreement with those of the triphenyltetrazolium colour reaction recommended as
      the official method.

PMID- 684051
TI  - [Problems concerning optimal use of celluloses as adjuvants in tableting. 3.
      Hardening characeteristics of adjuvant mixtures with the use of regression
      models].

PMID- 684052
TI  - [Inhibition of cholinesterases by bencyclane in vitro].

PMID- 684053
TI  - [Chemical weed control in plantations of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.)].

PMID- 684054
TI  - Terpenoids from the root barks of Evodia meliaefolia.

PMID- 684055
TI  - Studies on the identification of 1.4-benzodiazepine drugs by micro-crystal tests.

PMID- 684056
TI  - [Results from investigations on the contamination of human milk by total DDT (DDT
      + DDE) in the urban district of Halle (Saale) in 1977].

PMID- 684057
TI  - [The flavonoids of Kickxia elatine (L.) Dum].

PMID- 684058
TI  - [The preparation of 5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenz(b,f)-azepine-10-carboxylic
      acid. 1. Iminobenzyl derivatives].

PMID- 684059
TI  - [Tableting of difficult to activate solids. Binding conditions in calcium
      hydrogen phosphate tablets].

PMID- 684060
TI  - [The stability of lattice dislocations. Thermal deactivation of organic solids].

PMID- 684061
TI  - [Azoles. 4. The properties of 3-bromo- and 3-iodoindazole].

PMID- 684062
TI  - A simple convenient synthesis of 3-Benzylideneflavanones.

PMID- 684063
TI  - [The identification reaction of lidocaine and a new spectrophotometric
      determination].

PMID- 684064
TI  - [The synthesis of thia-protoberberine derivatives].

PMID- 684065
TI  - [Thin layer chromatography of polyphenols on ammonium molybdate impregnated
      instant foils].

PMID- 684066
TI  - [Interactions between macromolecular adjuvants and drugs. 12. Association
      tendencies between macromolecular adjuvants and tetracycline derivatives].

PMID- 684067
TI  - [The dislocation kinetics of chloramphenicol in aqueous solution].

PMID- 684068
TI  - [Isolation of beta-sitosterol-O-D-glucoside from Astrantia major L. 31. The
      contents of some Saniculoideae].

PMID- 684069
TI  - MAO activity in rat brain stem and cerebral cortex: effect of acute and chronic
      treatment with ethanol and tetrahydropapaveroline.
AB  - Brain mitochondria were prepared from rat brain stem and cerebral cortex. Four
      substrates were used for enzyme characterization: dopamine, serotonin,
      noradrenaline and tryptamine. Monoamine oxidase (MAO) activities were tested on
      two different groups of rats treated with ethanol and tetrahydropapaveroline
      (THP); another group was used as control group. Data obtained show that there is
      almost always activation of MAO activities after acute treatment with either
      ethanol or THP, while after chronic treatment, the two drugs show opposite
      effects. In particular, the same type of MAO activity continues to be activated
      by ethanol, whereas it is inhibited by THP.

PMID- 684070
TI  - Action of cytidine diphosphocholine on functional and hemodynamic effects of
      cerebral ischemia in cats.
AB  - The depression of evoked cortical potentials caused by brief periods of cerebral
      ischemia is attenuated by prior intracarotid injection of cytidoline (2, 4 or 8
      mg/kg). Studies performed in hypercapnic cats suggest that the protection
      afforded by cytidoline is of metabolic rather than hemodynamic origin. The
      participation of the central dopaminergic structures by the drug is suggested
      according to the previous data.

PMID- 684071
TI  - Reversal by theophylline of some changes characteristically accompanying
      hypothyroidism in rats.
AB  - Chronic dietary administration of theophylline (0.625, 1.25 or 2.50 g/kg food)
      for 7--9 weeks prevented the decrease in resting oxygen consumption, heart rate
      and systolic blood pressure characteristically observed in rats treated
      simultaneously with either of the antithyroid drugs, aminotriazole (ATZ; 0.25
      g/kg food) or propylthiouracil (1.0 g/kg food). However, theophylline failed to
      restore both the food intake and growth rate of hypothyroid rats to that of
      euthyroid controls. Measurements of 131I uptake by the thyroid gland, thyroid
      acinar cell height and protein-bound iodine failed to reveal an effect of
      theophylline in either control or hypothyroid animals although theophylline
      increased thyroid to body weight ratio in both groups. Thus, the restoration of
      rate of oxygen consumption, heart rate and systolic blood pressure of hypothyroid
      rats to that of euthyroid controls was apparently not exerted through an increase
      in thyroid activity. The reduction in rate of oxygen consumption, heart rate and
      systolic blood pressure, generally associated with lack of thyroid hormone,
      appear more likely to be associated with reduced responsiveness to catecholamines
      in the hypothyroid rats. The results suggest that an increase in the half-life of
      cAMP by administration of theophylline to hypothyroid rats returned these
      functions to the level of euthyroid controls.

PMID- 684072
TI  - Biochemical effects of gum arabic, gum tragacanth, methylcellulose and
      carboxymethylcellulose-Na in rat heart and liver.
AB  - Repeated oral administration of commonly used suspending media, gum arabic, gum
      tragacanth, methylcellulose, and carboxymethylcellulose-Na to rats caused
      uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation in liver and heart mitochondria and
      partial inhibition of mixed function oxidases of liver endoplasmic reticulum, as
      measured by 2-biphenylhydroxylation and 4-biphenylhydroxylation. There were
      considerable differences between the compounds with regard to potency and
      reversibility of these effects. Only methylcellulose at a concentration of 0.5%
      did not alter mitochondrial function and mixed function oxidases. It is
      recommended as suspending medium for the use in pharmacological and toxicological
      experiments.

PMID- 684073
TI  - Effect of salicylic acid on articular cartilage in organ culture.
AB  - An organ culture system was used to study the metabolic effects of exposure of
      articular cartilage to increasing concentrations of salicylic acid. It was shown
      that concentration of salicylate above 1 mM inhibited the incorporation of 35S
      sulphate into proteoglycans and at concentrations above 2.5 mM inhibited the
      incorporation of 3H-proline into collagen. Long-term exposure of the cartilage to
      salicylic acid at concentrations above 1 mM had a toxic effect on both
      proteoglycan and collagen synthesis.

PMID- 684074
TI  - Anti-inflammatory and antiproteolytic properties of 2-[acyl-N-(substituted
      benzylidene)hydrazino]5-phenyltetrazoles.
AB  - Ten 2-[acyl-N-(substituted benzylidene)hydrazino]5-phenyltetrazoles were
      synthesized, characterized and evaluated for anti-inflammatory and
      antiproteolytic activity. The protection afforded by these tetrazoles at a dose
      of 100 mg/kg i.p., against carrageenin-induced edema in rats, ranged from 11 to
      46%. Oxyphenbutazone (40 mg/kg i.p.), and hydrocortisone (10 mg/kg i.p.), used as
      reference drugs, exhibited protection of 54 and 47%, respectively. The
      antiproteolytic activity of these tetrazoles, as reflected by their ability to
      inhibit trypsin-induced hydrolysis of bovine serum albumin, ranged from 17 to
      57%. The antiproteolytic activity was found to be unrelated to the anti
      inflammatory activity possessed by these tetrazoles.

PMID- 684075
TI  - Model of central chemical 'serotoninectomy' in mice.
AB  - The influence of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT) and 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine
      (5,6-DHT) on the level of noradrenaline (NA), dopamine (DA), 5-hydroxytryptamine
      (5-HT), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in discrete brain areas of mice
      was studied. Moreover, the level of free and total acetylcholine (Ach) in the
      whole brain was measured. The behaviour of animals was also observed. 5,7-DHT
      caused a relatively specific short-term decrease of 5-HT and 5-HIAA level in
      discrete areas of mice brain with the decrease of DA level in the striatum. This
      substance seems to produce a relatively specific disruption of central 5-HT
      neurons in mice. 5,7-DHT is an unspecific neurotoxic drug for mouse brain. Both
      substances did not affect the gross behaviour of mice.

PMID- 684076
TI  - Interaction of pargyline with rat hepatic microsomes.
AB  - When administered by intraperitoneal injection daily for 3, 7 or 14 days,
      pargyline (75 mg/kg) significantly reduced rat hepatic microsomal ethylmorphine N
      demethylase activity and cytochrome P-450 content. Injection of a lower dose of
      pargyline (15 mg/kg) failed to alter significantly either ethylmorphine N
      demethylase activity or cytochrome P-450 content. Studies performed in vitro
      reveal that pargyline is metabolized to at least three compounds by rat hepatic
      microsomes. Thin-layer chromatography and other analyses suggest that one
      metabolite is an N-demethylated form, norpargyline.

PMID- 684077
TI  - Initial studies on the disposition of quinolinium dibromide (NSC-176319) in mice
      and rats.
AB  - The disposition of quinolinium dibromide (QdB), a highly active agent against
      murine L1210 leukemia was studied using 14C-labeled drug. Excretion of
      radioactivity was slow, with only 10 and 16% of the dose eliminated in the urine
      and 19 and 24% in the feces, 96h after intraperitoneal administration of QdB to
      mice and rats, respectively. Plasma levels of 14C were low and decreased with
      time, whereas tissue concentrations were high and remained elevated. Differences
      in tissue concentrations observed in the rat 96 h following intravenous and
      intraperitoneal dosing could be explained by QdB binding. A strong association
      between QdB and DNA was indicated by the effect of DNA on the absorption spectrum
      and Sephadex G-200 elution profile of QdB.

PMID- 684078
TI  - Cholestatic effects of cis-chlorprothixene on the perfused rat liver.
AB  - The cis-isomer of chlorprothixene (CPX) inhibited the excretory function of the
      isolated perfused rat liver. It decreased the biliary clearance and transport
      maximum of sulfobromophthalein (BSP). Calculation of the BSP 'clearance
      constants' suggested that the primary effect of the drug was on excretion and not
      uptake. The ability of the drug to inhibit the excretion of indocyanine green
      suggested that the effects of CPX were not the result of inhibition of hepatic
      conjugative enzymes. Measurement of 14C-erythritol clearance indicated that the
      deleterious effects of CPX on bile formation were at the canalicular level and
      that they were mainly on the bile acid-independent fraction of bile. The data
      indicated that the adverse effects of CPX were at the excretory level of the
      hepatocyte.

PMID- 684079
TI  - Effect of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol on the gastrointestinal tract of the rat.
AB  - THC was neither ulcerogenic in 'semi-fasted' of 18-hour fasted rats following an
      oral dose of 100.0 mg/kg nor did it promote fecal blood loss (51Cr-labelled
      erythrocyte test) in the fasted rat after a dose of 200.0 mg/kg. On the contrary,
      200.0 mg/kg of acetylsalicylic acid was ulcerogenic and caused fecal blood loss
      in the fasted rat. Neither substance caused mortalities at the doses tested.

PMID- 684080
TI  - Effects of delta9-THC on the synaptosomal uptake of 3H-tryptophan and 3H-choline.
AB  - The in vitro addition of (-)-delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta9-THC) resulted in
      a dose-responsive inhibition of the high-affinity specific synaptosomal uptake of
      both 3H-tryptophan and 3H-choline in mouse forebrain crude synaptosomal
      preparations. The approximate concentrations of delta9-THC required to cause a
      50% inhibition of the uptake of 3H-tryptophan and 3H-choline were 33 and 16 muM,
      respectively. Kinetic analysis showed that inhibition of both compounds were
      consistent with a noncompetitive mechanism. The pretreatment of mice with doses
      of 10, 30 or 100 mg/kg delta9-THC had no effect on the subsequent in vitro
      synaptosomal uptake of either 3H-tryptophan or 3H-choline into forebrain
      synaptosomes.

PMID- 684081
TI  - Survey of physical therapy provided to infants uder three months of age.
AB  - A survey of the extent and type of physical therapy provided to infants less than
      three months of age was carried out by means of a questionnaire sent to 208
      administrators of physical therapy departments in medical school-affiliated
      hospitals across the United States. Of the 142 administrators who responded, 58.5
      percent did not treat or evaluate infants under three months of age. Those
      treating infants under three months of age used a wide variety of treatments and
      evaluative forms. The types of treatments and evaluations used are presented.

PMID- 684082
TI  - Primitive reflex profile. A pilot study.
AB  - Seven primitive reflexes used by physical and occupational therapists in
      evaluating children with cerebral palsy were each graded on a 0 to 4+ scale to
      constitute a Primitive Reflex Profile. The reflexes studied were the asymmetrical
      tonic neck reflex, the symmetrical tonic neck reflex, the tonic labyrinthine
      reflex, the positive support reflex, the derotational righting reflex, the Moro
      reflex, and the Galant reflex. The Primitive Reflex Profile was studied in 53
      cerebral palsied patients to assess both the feasibility of its administration
      and its usefulness in discriminating functional levels of ambulation. The
      Primitive Reflex Profile was administered by at least two members of a team
      consisting of four pediatric developmentalists and two physical therapists. In
      using this instrument, the extreme functional groups were clearly defined and
      showed the expected overlap with the intermediate classification.

PMID- 684083
TI  - Semicircular canal stimulation in cerebral palsied children.
AB  - Twelve cerebral palsied children were exposed to 16 sessions of horizontal and
      vertical semicircular canal stimulation over a four-week period in order to
      determine the effectiveness of this form of stimulation as a therapeutic
      procedure. A control group of 11 cerebral palsied children was included. A
      quantitative evaluation of a series of reflexes and of gross motor skills showed
      a highly significant degree of improvement following the four weeks of treatment.
      A qualitative evaluation of each subject corroborated these findings and
      suggested improvements in fine motor control and in social/emotional behavior. A
      possible central nervous system mechanism underlying the improvement in motor
      skills is discussed.

PMID- 684084
TI  - Who should make moral policy decisions in health care?
AB  - Physical therapists are not always involved in the formulation of moral policy
      that significantly affects their professional practice as clinicians,
      researchers, and educators. This paper analyzes five major positions being taken
      regarding what the physical therapist's role ought to be, and suggests
      possibilities for increased involvement in the policy-making process.

PMID- 684085
TI  - Prone standing board for use in the classroom.

PMID- 684086
TI  - Self-produced videotapes aid in home instruction.

PMID- 684087
TI  - Gastric distention and thirst: relevance to the osmotic thirst threshold and
      metering of water intake.

PMID- 684088
TI  - Development of carbohydrate preference during water rationing: a specific hunger?

PMID- 684089
TI  - Basis for the exercise-induced hyperphagia in adult hamsters.

PMID- 684090
TI  - Apomorphine and L-DOPA lower ejaculation threshold in the male rat.

PMID- 684091
TI  - Effects of oral stimulation on the cephalic phase of pancreatic exocrine in dogs.

PMID- 684092
TI  - Fixed interval responding by pigeons following damage to corpus striatal and
      limbic brain structures (paleostriatal comples and parolfactory lobe).

PMID- 684093
TI  - Taste responses in wild and domestic guinea pigs.

PMID- 684094
TI  - Hippocampal function and behavior: spatial discrimination and response
      inhibition.

PMID- 684095
TI  - Changes in plasma testosterone and in its hypothalamic metabolism following
      immobility responses in rabbits.

PMID- 684096
TI  - A possible physiological mechanism for short-term memory.

PMID- 684097
TI  - Adaptation and recovery of the rat chorda tympani response to NaCl.

PMID- 684098
TI  - Hypothalamic hypoactivity prevented but not reversed by subdiaphragmatic
      vagotomy.

PMID- 684099
TI  - Hyperphagia and obesity following ventromedial hypothalamic lesions in rats with
      subdiaphragmatic vagotomy.

PMID- 684100
TI  - Thalamic taste nuclei lesions and taste aversion.

PMID- 684101
TI  - Improved polyethylene intracerebroventricular cannulas for rats.

PMID- 684102
TI  - Differential effects of quinine and sucrose octa acetate on food intake in the
      rat.

PMID- 684103
TI  - Dorsal but not ventral lesions of the caudate nucleus disrupt maze learning in
      the rat.

PMID- 684104
TI  - Effects of stimulus-independent oculomotor activity on the occipital EEG.

PMID- 684105
TI  - Influence of eating dead prey on subsequent capture of live prey in golden
      hamsters.

PMID- 684106
TI  - Central and peripheral noradrenaline and resistance to extinction.

PMID- 684107
TI  - Sex differences in the ontogeny of sleep apnea during the first year of life.

PMID- 684108
TI  - Locus coeruleus lesions: learning and extinction.

PMID- 684109
TI  - Reflex vs behavioral responses to tooth pulp stimulation in the cat.

PMID- 684110
TI  - Effects of forced exercise on the food intake of rats maintained on a 23-hr
      deprivation schedule.

PMID- 684111
TI  - Food related intravenous insulin self-administration in normal and diabetic rats.

PMID- 684112
TI  - Social behavior of rats following pre- and early postnatal undernutrition.

PMID- 684113
TI  - Influence of fasting and protein deprivation on food self-selection in the rat.

PMID- 684114
TI  - Acquisition of DRL-20 behavior in male and female, Roman high- and low-avoidance
      rats.

PMID- 684115
TI  - Strain differences of the mouse's free-running circadian rhythm in continuous
      darkness.

PMID- 684116
TI  - Opposite action of oxytocin to vasopressin in passive avoidance behavior in rats.

PMID- 684117
TI  - Hypothalamic uptake of [3H]-testosterone in chickens differing in mating
      frequency.

PMID- 684118
TI  - Physical treatment for clumsy children--not enough?

PMID- 684119
TI  - Acupuncture past and present.

PMID- 684120
TI  - Persistent post-sympathetic pain treated by connective tissue massage.

PMID- 684121
TI  - Role of the physiotherapist in obstetrics and gynaecology.

PMID- 684122
TI  - The work of the obstetric physiotherapist.

PMID- 684123
TI  - Interdisciplinary co-operation and preparation for childbirth.

PMID- 684124
TI  - Ante-natal care in industry.

PMID- 684125
TI  - The pelvic floor.

PMID- 684126
TI  - A psychological view of the physiotherapist's role.

PMID- 684127
TI  - The Clarefield chair.

PMID- 684128
TI  - Countertransference examples of the syntactic expression of warded-off contents.
AB  - This is a preliminary statement of the hypothesis that syntax in speech may act
      as an "incidental stimulus" in the communication of mental contents which the
      speaker is motivated both to conceal and to express. Ten clinical examples, taken
      from verbatim transcripts of one psychoanalyst's interventions in a recorded
      case, illustrate the expression of countertransference attitudes by syntactic and
      other linguistic properties such as: the agentless passive, pronominal ambiguity,
      yes/no questions, extraposition, the pseudocleft construction, delaying tactics,
      the passive construction and conceptual focus, lists and logical complexity,
      foregrounding, syntactic and lexical ambiguity, subordinate clauses and syntactic
      opacity.

PMID- 684129
TI  - A critical consideration of Bowlby's ethological theory of anxiety.
AB  - Freud acknowledged how difficult it is to understand why some people are able to
      utilize anxiety effectively for the purposes of their lives, whereas others
      suffer psychopathology on account of it. Bowlby has recently advanced the
      hypothesis that the cause of the difference is to be found in the relation of
      children to their mothers and their substitutes. It is upon this relationship
      that individuals depend for the homeostatic regulation of their reactions of
      anxiety. This paper is a critical evaluation of Bowlby's theory of anxiety.

PMID- 684130
TI  - Assault on a child's individuality: a kind of soul murder.

PMID- 684131
TI  - An examination of attention, arousal, and learning dysfunctions of hyperkinetic
      children.

PMID- 684133
TI  - Psychological effects of immoral actions: the experimental evidence.

PMID- 684132
TI  - Childhood depression: a critique of the concept.

PMID- 684134
TI  - A theory of perceptual matching.

PMID- 684135
TI  - Sex differences in psychoneuroendocrine reactions to examination stress.
AB  - Sex differences in adaptation and coping were studied by comparing neuroendocrine
      and psychological functions in male and female high-school students during 2--3
      hr of routine school work (control condition) and a 6-hr matriculation
      examination (stress condition). In the control condition sex differences were
      slight and nonsignificant. During examination stress, the urinary excretion of
      cortisol, adrenaline, noradrenaline, and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylethylene
      glycol (MOPEG or MHPG) increased in both sexes, but to a consistently greater
      extent in the male group, significantly so for adrenaline and MOPEG. Both sexes
      performed equally well in the examination, but self-reports showed that feelings
      of success and confidence were common among males, whereas feelings of discomfort
      and failure dominated in the female group. High discomfort correlated with poor
      performance in the males but with good performance in the females.

PMID- 684136
TI  - Evidence for physiological response stereotypy in migraine headache.
AB  - Several biological theories of psychosomatic disorders predict that susceptible
      individuals will have stereotypic physiological responses to stress. This
      hypothesis was tested in a sample of 13 migraine headache subjects by observing
      their head and hand temperature, frontal electromyography (EMG), heart rate, skin
      conductance level, and finger pulse amplitude under the conditions of rest,
      orienting to a tone, time estimation, reaction time, and mental arithmetic.
      Thirteen nonheadache cohorts served as a control group. For the migraine group,
      analyses of variance revealed significantly warmer head and hand temperatures and
      lower frontal EMG. Range-corrected data, which allow comparisons among the
      physiological measures, showed the migraine group to have a more stereotypic
      response pattern across tasks. Discriminant analyses, using both untransformed
      and range-corrected data made excellent post-dictions of group membership.

PMID- 684137
TI  - Facial electromyography in the assessment of improvement in depression.
AB  - Depressed patients who showed decreases in resting corrugator muscle tension
      levels, as measured electromyographically, also showed improvement in clinical
      symptoms, as assessed by the Hamilton Psychiatric Rating Scale over a 2-week
      period. Patients showing good clinical improvement after 2 weeks had resting
      pretreatment corrugator levels higher than those showing little clinical
      improvement, suggesting that corrugator activity might also serve as a forecaster
      of subsequent change. These findings support Darwin's 1872 hypothesis concerning
      the role of the "grief" muscle in depression. Furthermore, psychophysiological
      recording of patterns of facial muscle activity may have value in the clinical
      assessment of depression and treatment effects.

PMID- 684138
TI  - Enhancing the value of psychiatric consultation.

PMID- 684139
TI  - Lithium and crisis intervention: damping affective overload.

PMID- 684140
TI  - The general practitioner: how much psychiatric education?

PMID- 684141
TI  - Chronic pain: the psychiatrist's role.

PMID- 684142
TI  - Group therapy for chronic physically ill patients.

PMID- 684143
TI  - Effects of news events on response to a breast cancer screening program.
AB  - An opportunity to examine the effects of significant, widely reported events on
      participation in a breast cancer screening program was presented when countrywide
      public attention was called to breast cancer by reports of the breast surgery of
      the wives of President and Vice President of United States. These events occurred
      in September and October 1974 while a breast cancer screening program was
      underway in the health Insurance Plan of Greater New York. The research design of
      this program permitted measurements to be made of the participation of the plan's
      members in the screening before, during, and after these famous mastectomies and
      of the participants' characteristics during different periods of the research
      program. In late 1974, when there was great mass media emphasis on breast cancer,
      participation rates in the breast cancer screening program increased
      significantly. In the study periods immediately following, however, participation
      rates declined to previous levels. The increase in Participation rates in late
      1974 was fairly uniform among all demographic groups, whether classified by age,
      education, income, race, or religion. In addition to increases in the
      participation rate associated with the events of late 1974, there was also an
      increased tendency among women who were screened to respond readily to mailed
      invitations to appear for screenings. This increase insensitivity to efforts to
      win their participation was more pronounced among those groups that this study
      and other studies have shown are more likely to participate in preventive health
      programs and to respond more readily to request to participate.

PMID- 684144
TI  - Training family planning personnel in sex counseling and sex education.

PMID- 684145
TI  - Comparison of the coding of death certificates related to cancer in seven
      countries.

PMID- 684146
TI  - Need for mental health services in federally funded rural primary health care
      systems.

PMID- 684147
TI  - A study of the health and sickness behavior and selected adults in southeastern
      Kentucky.

PMID- 684148
TI  - Opinions of rural physicians about their practices, community medical needs, and
      rural medical care.
AB  - In a study in the State of Washington during 1971-73, 41 general practitioners in
      rural areas were asked their opinions about (a) their present practices, (b) the
      medical care needs of their communities, and (c) rural medical care in general.
      The most frequently mentioned enjoyable aspects of their practices were the
      variety and challange of medical problems confronted, the favorable working
      conditions of the practices, and the types of communities in which the practices
      were located. The most frequently mentioned sources of frustration to the
      physicians were the "excess work, responsibility, demands and expectations by
      patients and community." The physicians were more reluctant to criticize the care
      received by the residents of their communities than they were to criticize the
      care that patients received in other rural areas. Suggestions made by the
      physicians for improving medical care in rural Washington focused on ways to
      increase the number of resources used to produce medical care, rather than on
      structural changes in the way medical care is organized, delivered, and financed.

PMID- 684149
TI  - Death after legally induced abortion. A comprehensive approach for determination
      of abortion-related deaths based on record linkage.
AB  - The sources for determination of abortion-related deaths in Georgia are the cause
      of death listed on the death certificate and reports from informal reporting
      channels. Although Georgia residents 10-44 years of age obtained 19,877 induced
      abortions in 1975, no deaths related to abortion were found through these two
      usual sources. To determine the sensitivity of this system, all abortion
      certificates for 1975 were compared with all death certificates of Georgia
      females aged 10-44 who died in 1975 and the first 2 months of 1976. Based on the
      age and racial distribution of the women who received abortions, approximately 13
      deaths (from all causes) would be expected to have subsequently occurred during
      the period of time studied. The authors found only 10. From national death-to
      case rates for legal abortion, the expected number actually atrributable to
      abortion was 0.78 death. Of the 10 deaths, 2 were potentially related to the
      previous abortion, but a causal relationship to the preceding abortion was not
      clearly evident for any of the 10 deaths. The data, therefore, tend to support
      the assertion that no large numbers of deaths related to abortion are
      undiscovered and that current measurements of abortion mortality are accurate.

PMID- 684150
TI  - Health problems in a city-county workhouse.
AB  - This study was part of a continuing effort to define the health profile of a city
      county workhouse inmate population. To supplement data previously obtained on the
      health status of inmates on admission, all subsequent encounters for medical
      problems were recorded and analyzed. Of 491 inmates examined on admission, 312
      subsequently made 1,257 visit for medical care. The rate of clinic use was two to
      three times higher than rates reported in national surveys. Of 1,549 problem
      encounters, trauma, musculoskeletal complaints, skin disorders, and diseases of
      the eyes, ears, nose, and throat accounted for 52.3 percent. Dental  disease,
      trauma, and other musculoskeletal disorders comprised 66.3 percent of problems
      that required referral of patients to the city-county hospital. A significant
      relationship was seen between depression as determined by a self-rating
      questionnaire and numbers of visits and problem encounters, as well as several
      frequently encountered problems. The results of this study have implications for
      health services in correctional institutions with similar inmate populations. The
      provision of limited but onsite dental services is advisable. Athletic activities
      and work details should be closely supervised. Physicians and nurses should be
      skilled in the evaluation and management of minor trauma and other
      musculoskeletal disorders. Algorithms are appropriate aids in the management of
      common but minor medical problems. These measures and proposals are designed also
      to deal with the problem of overuse of clinic services. However, the measures do
      not diminish and, in some instances, they increase access to care for medical and
      dental health needs.

PMID- 684151
TI  - Are poor children at greater risk of household injuries?

PMID- 684152
TI  - Monitoring digoxin therapy. The use of plasma digoxin concentration measurements
      in the diagnosis of digoxin toxicity.
AB  - The usefulness of measuring plasma digoxin concentrations in the diagnosis of
      digoxin toxicity has been assessed in 83 in-patients. The mean plasma digoxin
      concentration in clinically toxic patients was significantly higher than the mean
      concentration in non-toxic patients. The overlap between the groups, however, was
      extensive and could partly be accounted for by hypokalaemia in those toxic
      patients whose plasma digoxin concentration was less than 3 ng/ml. There was, in
      addition, a higher incidence of hyperkalaemia, without obvious cause, in toxic
      patients than in non-toxic patients. Consideration of the incidence of various
      non-cardiac factors, specifically plasma potassium concentration greater than 5.0
      mmol/l, plasma creatinine concentration greater than 150 mumol/l, daily
      maintenance dose greater than 6 microgram/kg, and age greater than 60 years, led
      to the development of guidelines to aid in the diagnosis of digoxin toxicity.
      Patients with plasma digoxin concentration greater than 3 ng/ml or with
      hypokalaemia should be considered probably toxic and those with plasma digoxin
      concentration greater than or equal to 3 ng/ml in the absence of hypokalaemia
      should only be considered toxic if they have at least two of the non-cardiac
      factors outlined above. Plasma digoxin concentrations could not be predicted with
      more than 31 per cent certainty by considering the magnitude of those non-cardiac
      factors.

PMID- 684153
TI  - Detection, significance and treatment of paraprotein in patients presenting with
      'idiopathic' proteinuria without myeloma.
AB  - This paper describes the detection of a paraprotein in blood or urine in 12 of
      260 patients with 'idiopathic' proteinuria, most of whom presented with the
      nephrotic syndrome. None had myeloma at presentation and only two have developed
      it. Initial clinical and biochemical findings did not suggest paraprotein
      associated disease, total serum globulins and individual immunoglobulin levels
      usually being in the normal range. In seven of the 12 cases the paraprotein was
      detected only after repeated analysis of serum and urine specimens over months or
      years. Renal histopathology varied from case to case and is described in detail;
      amyloid deposition did not occur in patients who excreted kappa chain Bence Jones
      protein and was extensive in only three. One of these eventually developed
      myeloma. Patients were aged 27--69 years at onset and were observed without
      specific therapy for up to 56 months. Glomerular filtration rate tended to
      decline and proteinuria persisted. All patients have now been treated by a
      chemotherapeutic regimen consisting of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea
      (BCNU), cyclophosphamide, melphalan, and prednisolone, in repeated short courses.
      In some patients, particularly those who had kappa Bence Jones protein, there was
      striking improvement. Overall survival is good, eight patients being alive 17--90
      months after the onset of symptoms. The importance of repeated search for
      paraprotein in apparently idiopathic renal disease in adults is emphasized.

PMID- 684154
TI  - The definition and classification of stroke. A new approach.
AB  - Accuracy of diagnosis, both anatomical and pathological, and disability scoring
      would add to the quality of certification data, and would help in comparing
      reports on strokes as well as with data regarding referral history and
      therapeutic trials. Considerable information could be made available by the use
      of new types of certification. The problems of existing definition and
      classification are discussed and a new classification for stroke is described.

PMID- 684155
TI  - The ageing gut: a study of intestinal absorption in relation to nutrition in the
      elderly.
AB  - This study was designed to assess the functional efficiency of the ageing small
      intestine and the possible role of malabsorption in old people with nutritional
      deficiencies. Fifty subjects aged 65 to 92 years were studied, of whom 33
      presented with anaemia, chronic diarrhoea or bone pains, and 17 were apparently
      healthy 'controls' with no relevant symptoms. Tests of intestinal function
      included blood xylose and iron absorption curves, a double isotope Schilling
      test, faecal fat, urinary indican and small bowel radiology, with duodenal
      aspiration and jejunal biopsy in some cases. On the basis either of steatorrhoea
      or at least two other abnormal parameters of absorption, there were 15 cases of
      malabsorption. Thirteen of these had symptoms but two were 'controls'. Four of
      these had duodenal diverticulosis, two had the post-gastrectomy syndrome, and one
      had calcific pancreatitis. Malabsorption in the remaining eight cases was not
      fully explained. The age range of this last group was 72--86 years; one of them
      had a contaminated small bowel and two showed some evidence of pancreatic
      insufficiency. Malabsorption emerged as a significant cause of low levels of
      serum iron, haemoglobin and calcium. The blood xylose test is a useful screening
      procedure for intestinal malabsorption in old age, but full evaluation calls for
      investigation of pancreatic function.

PMID- 684156
TI  - Analytical subcellular fractionation of neutrophils from patients with chronic
      granulomatous disease. Demonstration of the enzyme defect in four cases.
AB  - Analytical subcellular fractionation studies were performed on neutrophils from
      five patients, including two females, with chronic granulomatous disease. The
      density distribution and marker enzyme activities of the principal subcellular
      organelles in unstimulated cells were similar to those in unstimulated
      neutrophils from control subjects. NADH dependent reduction of nitroblue
      tetrazolium was measured in four of the patients including one female. In
      homogenates of whole cells the specific activity of this enzyme expressed as
      milliUnits/mg protein was lower in the patients than in the controls, but the
      difference was not statistically significant. There was however a highly
      significant difference between the specific activities of this enzyme in the
      plasma membrane fractions isolated from neutrophils of the four patients and the
      three controls. These findings suggest that the primary microbicidal oxidase of
      neutrophils, defective function of which manifests as the syndrome of chronic
      granulomatous disease, is a plasma membrane NADH oxidoreductase.

PMID- 684157
TI  - Dermatitis herpetiformis--a skin manifestation of a generalized disturbance in
      immunity.
AB  - Detailed investigations on 42 patients with dermatitis herpetiformis (DH) are
      presented, emphasis being placed on the presence of other disorders having a
      prominent immunopathogenic basis. These patients and 42 age and sex matched
      controls were submitted to an extensive clinical and investigative search for the
      presence of disorders with an immunological basis including the atopic disorders.
      The findings provided further evidence supporting the association of dermatitis
      herpetiformis with thyroid disease and pernicious anaemia. A statistically
      increased incidence of Raynaud's phenomenon and atopy was found in the patients
      with dermatitis herpetiformis compared to the control group. In addition, of the
      patients with dermatitis herpetiformis, two had rheumatoid arthritis, two had
      ulcerative colitis, one had systemic lupus erythematosus and four had
      splenomegaly. The possible basis for these associations is discussed and it is
      suggested that dermatitis herpetiformis may be part of a wider spectrum of
      disease. Genetic linkage and the formation of immune complexes following exposure
      to a dietary antigen may both be responsible for the disorders associated with
      DH.

PMID- 684158
TI  - Degenerative and age-related changes in the x-irradiated kidney of the rat.

PMID- 684159
TI  - Ovarian tumor types and their incidence in intact mice following whole-body
      exposure to ionizing radiation.

PMID- 684160
TI  - Chemical protection against the long-term effects of a single whole-body exposure
      of mice to ionizing radiation II. Causes of death.

PMID- 684161
TI  - Late ultrastructural changes in the mouse coronary arteries and aorta after
      fission neutron or 60Co gamma irradiation.

PMID- 684162
TI  - Metabolic and thermoregulatory effects of acute 60Co radiation in myomorph
      rodents.

PMID- 684163
TI  - Effects of chronic pulmonary irradiation on peripheral lymphocytes and their
      function in the dog.

PMID- 684165
TI  - Effects of X irradiation during preimplantation stages of gestation on cell
      viability and embryo survival in the mouse.

PMID- 684164
TI  - Studies of the mortality of A-bomb survivors: 6. mortality and radiation dose,
      1950--1974.

PMID- 684166
TI  - X-ray-induced structural changes in erythrocyte membranes studied by use of
      fluorescent probes.

PMID- 684167
TI  - Effects of X rays on DNA synthesis in developing and regressing Mullerian ducts
      of the chick embryo.

PMID- 684168
TI  - Radiation-induced alterations in the distribution of lysosomal hydrolases in rat
      spleen homogenates.

PMID- 684170
TI  - The Society's money--where does it come from and where does it go?

PMID- 684169
TI  - Spontaneous and radiation-induced benign tumors in parabiont rats.

PMID- 684171
TI  - Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography--new technique.

PMID- 684172
TI  - Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography--a revised technique using a fine gauge
      needle.

PMID- 684173
TI  - [Radiofunctional judgment of the heart after radiation therapy for esophageal
      carcinoma].

PMID- 684174
TI  - [Dose-time ratio for the irradiation of the compression syndrome of the superior
      vena cava (author's transl)].

PMID- 684175
TI  - [Late irradiation damages of the skin and thoracic organs (author's transl)].

PMID- 684176
TI  - [Some trends in radiation therapy (author's transl)].

PMID- 684177
TI  - [Acute radiation syndrome following exposure to fast neutrons (6.2 mev) and 60Co
      gamma radiation].

PMID- 684179
TI  - Radiosensitization of solid Guerin epithelioma of rats by metronidazole in long
      term fractionated irradiation.

PMID- 684178
TI  - [On the infiltrative (invasive) growth of cancer cells (author's transl)].

PMID- 684180
TI  - [The action of solcoseryl on two glycolytic enzymes of several organs of the
      irradiated mouse (author's transl)].

PMID- 684181
TI  - The activity of bone and intestinal isoenzymes of serum alkaline phosphatase as a
      measure of radioprotective efficiency.

PMID- 684182
TI  - Changes in conjugation reactions of xenobiotics and endogenous substances induced
      by ionizing radiation.

PMID- 684183
TI  - The effect of metronidazole on morphological picture and certain histochemical
      reactions in rat liver: a single dose effect.

PMID- 684184
TI  - [Possibilities for determining renal clearance--systems and critical assessment].

PMID- 684185
TI  - [Methods for an optimal procedure for the determination of renal clearance].

PMID- 684186
TI  - [Comparative studies on different preparations of Tc-99m-penicillamine (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 684187
TI  - [Literature search on the rationalization of physician publishing and
      documentation of results in radiodiagnostics and nuclear medicine].

PMID- 684188
TI  - [Ring experiment for determining thyroid function: triidothyronine binding
      capacity (TBG), total thyroxine (T4), thyrotropin (hTSH) and the effective
      thyroxine quotient (ETR)].

PMID- 684189
TI  - [Qualification of tumor therapy from the view of the tumor clinic of the
      Charite].

PMID- 684190
TI  - Apert's syndrome.
AB  - This paper describes two cases of acrocephalosyndactylia (Apert's syndrome). Both
      very clearly showed the characteristic malformations. In addition, both patients
      showed synostosis between the calcaneus and the cuboid bone; this synostosis is
      not a typical feature of Apert's syndrome, but has been described in the
      literature once before.

PMID- 684191
TI  - Selective arterial embolization in renal tumors.
AB  - Selective arterial embolization with Gelfoam was performed in 45 cases of
      hypernephroma. In 33 cases this technique has been utilized as preoperative
      procedure and almost always (97%) nephrectomy was facilitated: 97% of the cases
      had slight or moderate operative bleeding; in 82% of the cases separation of the
      tumor-containing kidney from adjacent tissues was easy. Embolization has been
      employed in 12 inoperable patients and was effective mainly in management of
      bleeding. Angiographic controls after embolization (from 13 to 162 days) were
      performed 8 times and it was assessed that the efficacy of the procedure on
      primary tumor growth is limited in time by renal artery revascularization. The
      embolized patients never presented severe complications, except several episodes
      of transitory renal failure.

PMID- 684192
TI  - Intubation macrodacryocystography.
AB  - Macrodacryocystography, when combined with bilateral canaliculus intubation gives
      simultaneous distension of the duct system and better contrast filling. As a
      result there is improved radiographic visualization of the exact site of
      pathology, particularly an obstruction. This important information makes it
      easier to chose the correct surgical technique to relieve epiphora. In addition,
      other pathology such as diverticula and fistula may be visualized. Subtraction
      may be a useful adjunct to the method. After a description of the normal anatomy
      of the lacrimal system, the technique is explained and the results of 52
      examinations given.

PMID- 684193
TI  - Bronchial vascularization in patients with bronchiectasis.
AB  - An analysis of the angiographic patterns of bronchial vascularization in 22
      patients with bronchiectasis is presented. The studies disclosed three types of
      angiographic patterns: (1) bronchial hypervascularization alone; (2) bronchial
      hypervascularization associated with bronchopulmonary anastomoses, and (3)
      bronchial hypervascularization with plexiform enlargement of bronchial arteries,
      vascular collections or angiomatous structures. These types of angiographic
      pattern show a good correlation with the clinical features and supplment the
      global assessment of the extent and character of bronchiectasis. Selective
      bronchial arteriography is useful in patients with bronchiectasis where surgical
      treatment has been planned, especially if the disease is associated with
      hemoptysis.

PMID- 684194
TI  - Plain film diagnosis of perirenal hemorrhage.
AB  - The authors describes the plain film radiographic changes due to traumatic,
      perirenal hemorrhage in 43 patients. The direct effect of the hematoma: (1)
      partially or completely obscures the kidney; (2) usually obscures adjacent lumbar
      muscles, and (3) often produces a tilt of the lumbar spine to the affected side.
      The mass effect of the hematoma displaces adjacent organs and varies with its
      supra- or inframesocolic position.

PMID- 684195
TI  - Medulloblastoma: example of late adult onset with statistical correlation
      relative to etiology.
AB  - A case of histologically verified medulloblastoma occurring in an 88-year-old
      woman is described. A search of the literature indicates that with respect to age
      this case is unique. Further, 33 histologically verified cases of medulloblastoma
      reported in the literature are analyzed with respect to incidence and prognosis
      as a function of histological type, tumor location, age and sex. The statistical
      study has confirmed the relative relationships found by Chatty and Earle in their
      analysis of 105 cases in 1971 and has further indicated a tendency for male
      desmoplastic differentiation. A survey of an additional 216 cases in the
      literature reveals an improvement in average survival from 25 to 27 months since
      1971, possibly reflecting refined therapeutic techniques. The changing survival
      expectany with surviving interval has been computed at 10 months per survival
      year.

PMID- 684196
TI  - Post-traumatic changes in the mediastinum [proceedings].

PMID- 684198
TI  - Computer applications in diagnostic radiology [proceedings].

PMID- 684197
TI  - Some radiological aspects of osteomalacia [proceedings].

PMID- 684199
TI  - Complications in unintentional spinal angiography [proceedings].

PMID- 684200
TI  - Comparison of different models describing the tolerance of normal tissue on the
      basis of tissue reactions of patients [proceedings].

PMID- 684201
TI  - Inflammation and radiotherapy [proceedings].

PMID- 684202
TI  - Symposium on the nontramatized emergency room patient.

PMID- 684203
TI  - Shortness of breath in emergency room patients.
AB  - There are many causes for acute shortness of breath; the most common entity by
      far is congestive heart failure. Many of the others have a relatively specific
      radiographic pattern that afford the radiologist the opportunity to make a
      significant contribution to the care of these patients.

PMID- 684204
TI  - Emergency uroradiology for the nontraumatized patient.
AB  - Emergency uroradiology is warranted in a number of clinical conditions in the
      nontraumatized patient in order to determine proper therapeutic management. Among
      such urgent conditions are: severe gross hematuria, severe internal blood loss
      with possible origin in the urinary tract, acute renal artery obstruction, major
      extravasation of urine, severe sepsis possibly from the urinary tract, anuria,
      and obstructive uropathy with superimposed infection.

PMID- 684205
TI  - Acute nontraumatic genitourinary problems in infants and children.

PMID- 684206
TI  - Ultrasonography in the evaluation of nontraumatic abdominopelvic emergencies.
AB  - Ultrasonography can provide prompt diagnostic information in many non-traumatic
      abdominal and pelvic emergencies. The safety of of diagnostic ultrasonography
      enables its use in many emergency situations that relate to pregnancy. The
      ability to demonstrate normal fluid-filled organs with clarity makes
      ultrasonography valuable in the emergency assessment of the gallbladder and
      aorta. Similary, ultrasound is sensitive to the detection of pathologic
      collections of fluid that can be applied in the search for abscesses or
      hematomas. Finally, ultrasonography is independent of organ function. In this
      regard, it is a useful ancillary test when radiographic examinations of the
      biliary or urinary tracts fail because of poor contract excretion.

PMID- 684207
TI  - Radiologic evaluation of acute abdominal pain arising from the alimentary tract.
AB  - A review of the pertinent radiologic findings of common alimentary tract
      disorders presenting with acute abdominal pain is presented. When the
      conventional plain abdominal films are not diagnostic, the use of special views
      and appropriate contract and ultrasound examinations on a urgent basis is
      encouraged. A more expenditious and accurate diagnosis of the cause of abdominal
      pain will inevitably reduce the morbidity and mortality of such entities as bowel
      perforation, infarction, and pancreatitis.

PMID- 684208
TI  - Skeletal aches and pains.
AB  - This report by no means includes all nontraumatic conditions that may produce
      symptoms and signs that require emergency treatment. Rather, it indicates some of
      the more common problems that may present in this fashion. This report also
      serves to remind us that we, as radiologists, do have an important role in the
      diagnosis and proper treatment of emergency room patients, and that such a role
      requires our close cooperation with the referring physicians. As we survey
      radiographs taken on these patients, we must remember to ask ourselves important
      questions: Are the films adequate? Is the abnormality the cause of the patient's
      symptoms?

PMID- 684209
TI  - Emergency plain film radiology of the nontraumatized patient with altered
      consciousness.

PMID- 684210
TI  - Roentgen signs of emergent spines.
AB  - A variety of disease processes may involve the axial skeleton, producing acute
      symptoms and signs. This discussion summarizes some of the important diseases
      that become apparent in this fashion. Roentgen manifestations of these disorders
      include abnormalities of vertebral body shap or density, loss of intervertebral
      disc space, formation of a paraspinal mass, abnormal curvature and subluxation,
      disc calcification, and pedicle destruction. Attention to these radiographic
      manifestations provides important clues to the underlying disease process.

PMID- 684211
TI  - Acute respiratory distress in the infant.

PMID- 684213
TI  - [Crohn's disease in children. Results of x-ray examinations in 45 cases (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The study concerns x-ray findings in the GI-tract of 45 children with Crohn's
      disease. or X-ray diagnosis strict minimum criteria are required besides exact
      localisation and extension of alterations. The typical x-ray signs, the frequency
      of occurance in the various portions of the GI-tract are pointed out.

PMID- 684212
TI  - Radiologic evaluation of the nontraumatized child with respiratory distress.
AB  - The radiologic examination of the chest is an essential part of the evaluation of
      the pediatric patient presenting to the emergency room with respiratory distress.
      In many cases the chest radiograph will be diagnostic of a specific cause for 
      the distressful symptom. Opaque foreign bodies are readily visualized in the
      tracheobronchial tree. The presence of massive atelectasis or severe obstructive
      emphasema may be visualized. Large pleural fluid collections or tension
      pneumothoraces can be localized and immediately treated by proper drainage. The
      presence of pneumonia, acute pulmonary edema, and pulmonary hemorrhage may be
      identified. Complications associated with bronchial asthma (pneumomediastinum,
      pneumothorax, and atelectasis) may be manifested radiographically before clinical
      signs are obvious. Lung compression by large mediastinal tumors and delayed
      congenital hernias may be readily demonstrated by chest radiography.

PMID- 684214
TI  - [Roentgen diagnosis of necrotizing enterocolitis in the newborn (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The necrotizing enterocolitis in the newborn is a life threatening disease which
      is probably induced by stress to the mother or child. Mostly it occurs in the
      second week of life. After initial non specific symptoms rapid detoriation occurs
      with distended abdomen, blood diarrhea, bileous vomiting, rapid impairment,
      septicemia and shock. Careful clinical observation and interpretation of the
      roentgen signs as intramural gas collection in distended bowel loops (pneumatosis
      intestinalis) with air fluid levels, gas collection in the portal vein, ascites,
      free air in the abdomen after viscus perforation can improve the unfavorable
      prognosis when the correct diagnosis is made and adequate therapy is started in
      time.

PMID- 684215
TI  - [X-ray diagnosis and differential diagnosis of mediastinal tumors in childhood
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Symptoms, microscopy and frequency of mediastinal tumors in children are
      different from those in adults. The radiologic diagnosis of mediastinal tumors
      depends on evaluation of tumor site, density, and shape. Demonstration of
      calcifications or bony elements in combination with skeletal anomalies or
      destructions, pleural effusions, and differentiation of cystic and solid tumors
      are helpful. The radiologic criteria are also very important regarding prognosis
      and therapy. Many diagnostic methods are available. The venocavography and
      computer tomography are especially helpful.--We studied 184 mediastinal tumors in
      children and will discuss them according to topographic aspects; emphasis will be
      placed on differential diagnosis and the possibilities of diagnostic failure.

PMID- 684216
TI  - [The battered child (author's transl)].
AB  - The diagnosis of the battered child syndrome is the first and most important step
      for adequate therapy and prevention. The recognition of this entity by the
      radiologist is possible because of the high frequency of skeletal lesions.
      Osteoepiphyseolysis with fragmentation of the edges and periosteal
      calicifications are characteristic for the roentgenographic pattern of the
      battered child syndrome. In addition to the Roentgen diagnosis total body bone
      scans should be performed because the diagnostic accuracy will improve, the
      lesions will be detected earlier, and the radiation dose can be decreases in
      numerous children.

PMID- 684217
TI  - [Indications and diagnostic value of computer tomography diagnosis of the
      abdomen].
AB  - The remarkable advantages of computerized tomography are graphic and numerical
      recording of very small differences in radiation absorption as well as
      presentation of the transverse body section. In the liver cysts, hematomas,
      abscesses and tumors larger than 2 cm in diameter can be diagnosed. To some
      extent differentiation between these lesions can be achieved by density
      measurements. Obstructive jaundice is another indication for computer tomography
      of the liver, the bile ducts and of the gall bladder. However, gall stones cannot
      be detected. The pancreas can be visualized in about 90% of all patients.
      Pseudocysts can be differentiated from inflammatory edema or tumors. The
      carcinoma of the pancreas does not differ in density from normal or inflammatory
      parenchyma. Therefore the diagnosis of carcinoma of the pancreas is still
      limited, although improvement has been achieved as well. The kidneys can be very
      well outlined on CT-images. Diagnostic assessment can be improved by application
      of contrast media. Recognition of cysts, urinary obstructions and tumors are
      possible with a high diagnostic reliability. Computerized tomography cannot
      replace the conventional diagnostic procedures; in the future the combination of
      several examinations will still be necessary.

PMID- 684218
TI  - [Sonographic topography of the pancreas (author's transl)].
AB  - Vascular abdominal structures can be demonstrated by the gray-scale-B-scan
      technique. These vascular anatomical structures are important to differentiate
      pathological lesions from normal structures and to evaluate the localisation of
      space occupying lesions within the pancreas, liver and retroperitoneal space.

PMID- 684219
TI  - [The vessels of the retropancreatic space in grey-scale-ultrasound. A
      contribution to the topography of the pancreas (author's transl)].
AB  - Normal pancreatic parenchyma and retropancreatic vessels can be well visualized
      and differentiated by grey-scale-tomography. The posterior border of the head and
      body of the pancreas can be defined better with the grey-scale-technique than 
      with other ultra-sound-techniques by visualization of the retropancreatic
      vessels. For this purpose the venous system (portal vein, splenic vein and
      superior mesenteric vein) is more important than the arteries because of their
      closer topographic relationship to head and body of the pancreas. Identification
      and separation of those veins from other vascular structures is easily possible
      because of their constantly reliable topography and typical configuration on
      transverse section. The spleno-porto-vascular bundle--resembling a tadpole-
      should be demonstrated well enough to avoid the occasional confusion with the
      pancreas itself.

PMID- 684220
TI  - [Gray-scale-sonography of gallbladder and bileducts, especially in case of a
      negative cholecystoradiogram (author's transl)].
AB  - The importance of ultrasonography (gray-scale-B-scan sonography) in cases with
      gallbladder and bileduct disease is reviewed, especially in patients with non
      visualization of the gallbladder. Major emphasis is put on the differential
      diagnosis of gallbladder stones and exophytic intraluminal tumors of the
      gallbladder. The efficacy of the lost shadow sign is pointed out. The sonoanatomy
      as well as the sonographical examination method is shortly described. In model
      experiments some aspects of cholecystosonography are explored.

PMID- 684221
TI  - [Extreme calcifications of the pancreatic duct (author's transl)].
AB  - Two cases with calcifications of the pancreatic duct are demonstrated. The degree
      exceeds similar published calcifications. In both cases the diagnostic
      investigation had to be limited to non-invasive methods.

PMID- 684222
TI  - Pedunculated cirrhotic hamartoma of the liver.
AB  - A case of pedunculated cirrhotic hamartoma suspended from the lower surface of
      the liver is reported. The diagnosis was suggested by angiography. The tumor was
      surgically excised.

PMID- 684223
TI  - [Aggressive aneurysmal bone cyst in childhood (author's transl)].
AB  - Case presentation of a four year old child with aggressive aneurysmal bone cyst
      of the fourth lumbar vertebra. Microscopic examination demonstrates a benign
      lesion. The roentgenographic pattern reflects a tumorlike bone destruction with
      signs of malignancy. Clinically, progression and invasion, similar to a
      semimalignant tumor, is noticed. The possible nature of this aggressive behaviour
      is discussed.

PMID- 684224
TI  - [Roentgen morphology of secondary, metastatic bone tumors (author's transl)].
AB  - General and specific roentgen morphologic criteria of secondary metastases are
      described and characteristic appearances of metastatic disease demonstrated by
      examples. Early detection of tumor metastases and limitations of different
      radiologic methods are discussed. Various dynamic ways of development in bone
      metastasis during the course of malignant disease are described and different
      biologic growth properties of various tumors documented by different reaction of
      bone tissue. The high diagnostic value of radiologic follow up examinations for
      control of therapeutic results is emphasized. This applies for judgement of
      secondary metastatic as well as for the underlying malignant disease. Analysis of
      the bone structure of the Tela ossea of macro- and microradiologic films is
      presented for illustration.

PMID- 684225
TI  - [Diagnostic value of radionuclide bone imaging in monitoring skeletal metastases
      (author's transl)].
AB  - In typical cases with pelvic metastases a close relationship is demonstrated
      between nuclear medicine and radiologic findings depending on the kind of
      therapy. For this reason total body radionuclide studies should not only be
      recommended for screening but also for therapeutic monitoring. Positive
      radionuclide findings should be supplemented by roentgenologic studies of the
      areas selected in that way.

PMID- 684226
TI  - [Radiologic methods to study coronary arteries in the postmortal heart (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Two radiological methods were compared. More than 100 postmortem-coronary
      angiograms were taken with standard x-ray procedure and xeroradiography.
      Xeroradiography--with its "three dimensional view", edge enhancement and
      variability in exposure time--has certain advantages and appears to be useful in
      detection of pathological lesions and for documentation in postmortem coronary
      angiography.

PMID- 684227
TI  - The treatment of ascites.

PMID- 684228
TI  - Development of new releasing agents for preparation of thin self-supporting
      target films.
AB  - Several kinds of materials were examined for the usefulness as releasing agents
      in the preparation of various thin self-supporting target films for use in
      nuclear reaction experiments. NaCl, BaCl2, KCl, CsI, Teepol, glucose, KIO3, mica,
      nitrocellulose or Formvar was deposited onto glass plates as the release agent by
      vacuum evaporation or dipping method. The obtained target film was tested on
      impurities from the release agent by using nuclear reactions. The relative
      effectiveness of each release agent was also considered from ease in the
      stripping of target films.

PMID- 684229
TI  - Neutron activation analysis of the rare earth elements in Nasu hot springs.
AB  - Eleven rare earth elements (lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, samarium, europium,
      gadolinium, terbium, holmium, thulium, ytterbium and lutetium) in hot spring
      waters and sinter deposits in the Nasu area were determined by the neutron
      activation method. The rare earth elements in hot spring water were pre
      concentrated in ferric hydroxide precipitate and neutron-irradiated. The rare
      earth elements were chemically separated into lighter and heavier groups and the
      activity of each group was measured with a Ge(Li) detector. Distribution of the
      rare earth elements between the hot spring water and the sinter deposit was also
      discussed.

PMID- 684230
TI  - A method of tomographic imaging using a multiple pinhole-coded aperture.
AB  - High energy collimators in use today are limited with respect to resolution and
      efficiency. The multiple pinhole coded aperture (hereafter abbreviated as MPCA)
      is a method being considered to improve the above. In our study we conducted
      basic experiments with an MPCA using an Anger-type gamma-camera. Using this
      method, we were able to perform radioisotope imaging and radioisotope tomographic
      effect. We have studied the resolution, detection efficiency, and tomographic
      effects of the MPCA. We found that, in the MPCA, detection efficiency is
      proportional to the number of pinholes and resolution is dependent upon the
      pinhole diameter. This tomographic effect is of the same principle as the
      stretching-type tomography, images on both side of the desired image appearing as
      noise images, affecting the depth resolution. Using an MPCA with a pinhole
      diameter of 3 mm and 3 pinholes positioned in an equilateral triangular pattern
      measuring 7.8 cm on each side, we attained a depth resolution of 3 cm. Because
      the MPCA method involves complicated image processing, the resulting image
      contains a factor of 2n-2 (where n is the number of pinhole) of noise, affecting
      the depth resolution.

PMID- 684232
TI  - Labelling of a new fungicide with 3H and 14C--synthesis of S-n-butyl S'-p-tert
      butylbenzyl-14C N-3-Pyridyldithiocarbonimidate (Denmert).

PMID- 684231
TI  - [A new method for elimination of artifacts produced by collimator septum effect
      in gamma-camera images (author's transl)].
AB  - Collimator artifacts may be present within the images produced by collimators
      whose septal width approaches the inherent resolution of the gamma-camera system.
      As the inherent resolution of the gamma-camera is improved, collimator artifacts
      become more prominent. The purpose of this study is to eliminate collimator
      artifacts from gamma-camera images. To eliminate the septum effect produced by
      high-energy parallel-hole collimators with thick septa, the following method was
      used: X and Y signals from the detector are made to ride on the triangular waves
      changing periodically, and resultant position signals obtained by this processing
      are applied to the corresponding deflection circuits in the CRT display. The
      oscillation amplitude of processed position signals can be regulated by the
      frequency and amplitude of the triangular waves. Regulation of the oscillation
      amplitude of position signals, which would produce maximum reduction of
      collimator artifacts, was to approach the spatial frequency responses of the
      overall processed line spread functions obtained experimentally to those of the
      Gaussian functions with FWHM equal to the geometric resolution calculated from
      the equation given by Gerber and Miller. In images of a pancreas phantom
      containing 131I, collimator artifacts were clearly seen in the unprocessed case,
      but were eliminated in the processed case.

PMID- 684233
TI  - [Hepatobiliary scintigraphy using 99mTc-pyridoxylideneisoleucine (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 684234
TI  - [Evaluation of a digoxin RIA kit (RCC) (author's transl)].

PMID- 684235
TI  - [Measurement of plasma aldosterone by 125I-aldosterone radioimmunoassay kit
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 684236
TI  - [Clinical significance of percent retention, ratio value and free thyroxine index
      obtained by trilute-S (author's transl)].

PMID- 684237
TI  - [Radioisotopes record system relative to purchase, use and preservation on the
      mini-computer (author's transl)].

PMID- 684238
TI  - A simple and rapid method of collection of radionuclides in rain water.

PMID- 684239
TI  - [Practical techniques of activation analysis to agricultural and biological
      samples. (I) Principles of activation analysis (author's transl)].

PMID- 684240
TI  - [Radiological features of urinary extravasation during urography (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 684241
TI  - [Classification in stages of Crohn's disease].

PMID- 684242
TI  - [Imprint of the iliac vessels on the ureters in asymptomatic urinary infections
      in childhood].
AB  - Bacteriological screening has been carried out on 1110 children (aged between 3
      and 10 yr) for asymptomatic urinary infections; 33 were thus selected for
      urography. With reference to the findings observed in these cases, it is stressed
      that an impression of the iliac vessels on the ureters was evident in 20 of them.
      Some cases are reported and findings are discussed.

PMID- 684243
TI  - [Radiological evaluation of neurogenic bladder].
AB  - A method that can be profitably employed in the clinical and functional
      evaluation of nevrogenic bladder is illustrated and discussed. It is primarily
      based on retrograde and micturition urethrocystography and urography with high
      doses of contrast medium.

PMID- 684244
TI  - [Lymphographic findings in syphilis (author's transl)].

PMID- 684245
TI  - [Synergism of findings from scintiscanning and selective arteriography in hepatic
      pathology].
AB  - 198Au scintiscanning and selective arteriography of the liver were combined in
      the examination of 50 patients. The results are discussed and the contribution
      made by each technique and by the combined examination to the establishment of a
      diagnosis is explained. Five cases are described in detail.

PMID- 684246
TI  - [Experimental evaluations of ther preferential use of Tc99m and In113m in hepatic
      scintiscanning].
AB  - A hollow perspex dummy was filled with radioactive fluid to simulate the liver,
      cold nodes being represented by paraffin balls of diameter varying from 2.5 to
      4.0 cm, variously located. Scans were carried out with a linear scanner using
      99mTc and 113mIn as tracers. Advantages and drawbacks of the two tracers in
      demonstrating cold areas in the liver are compared and discussed.

PMID- 684247
TI  - [Scintiscanning with Ga67 in detection of primary carcinoma of the liver
      associated with cirrhosis].
AB  - Scanning of 31 cirrhosis and 25 cancer-cirrhosis patients has been carried out
      using 198Au and then 67Ga. In 23/25 cancer-cirrhotic patients 67Ga was picked up
      in areas cold to 198Au (8% false negatives); such behaviour was not observed in
      any of the 31 cirrhotics (no false positive).

PMID- 684248
TI  - [The role of echotomography in general radiology (author's transl)].

PMID- 684249
TI  - [Thoracic ectopia of the kidney (author's transl)].

PMID- 684250
TI  - [Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection
      (adopted on 17 January 1977)].

PMID- 684251
TI  - [Relapses in Hodgkin's disease and their radiochemotherapy (author's transl)].

PMID- 684252
TI  - [Radiotherapy of oral cancer. Late results (author's transl)].
AB  - Radiotherapy of the primary site was employed between 1959 and 1965 in the
      treatment of 335 unselected cases of mouth cancer. The series is examined with
      regard to the long-term results and gross survival is evaluated in accordance
      with  an actuarial method. Differences dependent on sex and age, and on the type
      of cancer involved and the treatment modalities are illustrated and discussed.

PMID- 684253
TI  - [The combination of tumorectomy, cobalt teletherapy and interstitial curietherapy
      in the treatment of breast carcinoma in the initial phase].

PMID- 684254
TI  - [Dosimetric study of a gynecologic applicator for cobalt 60 sources, using a
      computer].

PMID- 684255
TI  - [Criteria for choosing the screen-film system in x-ray diagnosis (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The physical dimensions to be kept in mind in choosing the screen-film system in
      radiography are defined and discussed. As an example of applying the method, the
      results of measuring these dimensions on 5 types of film and 6 types of screen
      are reported and their optimal combinations indicated as a function of
      examination conditions.

PMID- 684256
TI  - [Notes on a special type of grid used in tomography (author's transl)].

PMID- 684257
TI  - [Determination of the genetically significant dose from x-ray diagnosis in the
      Province of Varese (author's transl)].
AB  - The genetically significant dose in the population of Varese Province (about
      700,000 inhabitants) from X-ray diagnosis in 1972 has been estimated. The methods
      adopted and data utilized for the estimate are indicated. Results are discussed
      in view of the possibility of reducing doses.

PMID- 684258
TI  - [Influenza in Rosario: seroepidemiology].
AB  - A seroepidemiologic investigation was carried out in order to remake the
      experience of the population of Rosario, Argentina, with different strains of
      virus influenza type A (prototype strains and minor variations). PR/8/34 (HO N1);
      FM/1/47 (H1 N1); R/1/62 (H2 N2); HK/1/68 (H3 N2); E/42/72 (H3 N2); PCh/1/73 (H3
      N2). It could be established that the tested strains circulated in this City,
      probably while they prevale in other parts of the world. A 34,6% of recent
      infections for the prevalent strains could be estimated from the present
      investigations.

PMID- 684259
TI  - Non-specific inhibitory fraction for hemagglutination of some togaviruses
      obtained from Swiss albino mouse brain.
AB  - A fraction from Swiss albino mouse brain homogenate obtained by DEAE cellulose
      chromatography showed a non-specific hemagglutination-inhibitory property for
      some Togaviruses. Evidence are presented indicating that the inhibitory property
      is related to a protein-rich fraction with sialic acid as an active group.

PMID- 684260
TI  - [Lactose intolerance in adults (author's transl)].
AB  - A study on the lactose intolerance of adults was carried out through dietary
      survey, clinical data and tolerance tests. It was performed in 24 healthy
      persons, aged 19 to 39 years. Only one of the participants referred milk
      intolerance since childhood. Eleven of the 24 adults had signs of lactose
      intolerance through clinical symptoms and/or low increase of blood sugar after
      the load test. It was noteworthy that the majority of the intolerants were white
      people. It is discussed the practical importance of these lactose tolerance tests
      as an index of milk tolerance, considering the high recommended amount of lactose
      used in the tests.

PMID- 684261
TI  - Starch gel electrophoresis of erythrocyte hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl
      transferase and adenine phosphoribosyl transferase: a population survey.
AB  - Vertical starch gel electrophoresis of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl
      transferase (HGPRT) and adenine phosphoribosyl transferase (APRT) was performed
      in several population groups including Caucasians, Negroes and Orientals. The red
      cells of a total of 244 individuals were examined for HGPRT and those of 265 for
      APRT and no variants were detected.

PMID- 684262
TI  - Plasma renin activity in the intervillous space of the human placenta, in
      umbilical vessels and in maternal peripheral venous blood.
AB  - Plasma renin activity (PRA) was measured by bioassay in the maternal and fetal
      compartments: intervellous space of the placenta (IVS), maternal peripheral
      venous blood (MPVB), umbilical artery (A) and vein (V), in a group of normal
      parturients and their respective fetuses, also normal. The material was collected
      simultaneously from mother and fetus in the third phase of delivery. PRA valuses
      in the IVS of the placenta were higher than those observed in the umbilical vein,
      and similar to those found in the MPVB. PRA values in the umbilical cord vessels
      behaved as if being part of only one compartment. The mechanisms of regulation of
      plasma renin activity on the maternal side seem to be independent from those on
      the fetal side, at least under physiological condition.

PMID- 684263
TI  - Self-instruction in anatomy for medical students.
AB  - The authors describe the results of the use of a self-instructional material
      (study guide-book) during two Anatomy courses (cardio-respiratory and locomotor)
      given to first year medical students of Sao Paulo University. The rate of
      approval was considered very good in both courses.

PMID- 684264
TI  - [Cesarean section: indications and misuse (author's transl)].

PMID- 684266
TI  - [Sociology of health behavior. Hypotheses--thoughts--results].

PMID- 684265
TI  - [Influence of the cryopreservation at nitrogen temperature on the vaccinic
      ability of the "PF" strain of Trypanosoma cruzi (author's transl)].
AB  - The cryopeservation of the "PF" strain of T. cruzi at -196 degree C has not
      changed its effectiveness in protecting mice against a posterior infection with a
      virulent Trypanosoma cruzi strain. The cryopeservation technique utilized seems
      to be efficient and of practical and rapid examination.

PMID- 684267
TI  - Vocational evaluation of severely and profoundly retarded clients.

PMID- 684268
TI  - Self-esteem and behavioral functioning of teen-agers with oral-facial clefts.

PMID- 684269
TI  - Biochemical, morphologic and physiologic changes in the adrenal glands of rats
      chronically treated with phenobarbital.
AB  - Biochemical and ultrastructural changes in the adrenal glands of rats were
      observed after long-term phenobarbital treatment. At the fine structural level,
      the parenchymal cells of the phenobarbital-treated rats resembled cortical cells
      that had been stimulated by adrenocorticotropin. A significant finding was the
      presence of very large hollow mitochondria characterized by loss of vesicles and
      cristae with retention of the double outer membrane. Arylesterase (EC 3.1.1.2)
      activity, the marker used for rough endoplasmic reticulum, was significantly
      diminished. Since rough endoplasmic reticulum is present primarily in the adrenal
      medulla and not the cortex, the relative decrease in arylesterase activity is
      consistent with the morphologic adrenal cortical hyperplasia. Trypsin-like (EC
      3.4.4.4) enzyme activity was increased. The plasma corticosterone response to
      adrenocorticotropin injection was not significantly different in treated and
      control rats. The similarity of the observed mitochondrial changes to the
      reported mitochondrial cavitation in the adrenal glands of rats treated with
      aminoglutethimide is discussed.

PMID- 684270
TI  - Selective inhibition of xanthine oxidase by substituted pyridopyrimidines.
AB  - Six 2-methyl-3-substituted-pyrido-(2,3-d)-pyrimidine 4 (3H)-ones were synthesized
      and evaluated for their ability to inhibit xanthine oxidase and other purine
      catabolizing enzymes of rat liver. All compounds inhibited xanthine oxidase
      selectively when tested at a final concentration of 0.5 mM in vitro. Adenosine
      deaminase, guanosine deaminase and guanine deaminase were unaffected. The
      inhibition of xanthine oxidase was found to be competitive in nature.

PMID- 684271
TI  - The effects of different levels of selenium administered to rats in drinking
      water on distribution and glutathione peroxidase.
AB  - Studies were conducted in an attempt to define a biochemical index of selenium
      toxicity rather than weight loss, liver disease and death. Rats, maintained on
      selenium deficient diets, received in drinking water various levels of selenium
      as Na2SeO3(0.1, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 ppm). Changes in selenium dependent glutathione
      peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities and specific activities (nCi75Se/ug Se) were
      determined in liver, kidney and plasma at baseline and two and ten weeks after
      repletion. In intial selenium deficient rats, GSH-Px activities were markedly
      depressed and specific activities elevated as compared to 0.1 ppm controls. After
      two weeks, liver and plasma GSH-Px activiities increased, and plasma, liver and
      kidney specific activities decreased in a concentration dependent manner. In
      kidney, there were no differences in enzyme activity at either two or ten weeks.
      At ten weeks, liver GSH-Px activities continued to increase in the 1.0 ppm group,
      but were depressed at both the 1.5 and 2.0 ppm levels. Specific activities were
      also depressed in liver and excretion was not increased at these levels. This
      suggests a biochemical toxicity in liver at levels above 1.0 ppm after ten weeks,
      prior to the onset of gross pathological changes.

PMID- 684272
TI  - Species differences in blood serum reserves for cholesterol solubilization.
AB  - The capacity of male human, rat, and guinea pig sera to solubilize cholesterol
      was measured by in vitro equilibration. Evaporation, adsorption by filter paper
      and/or cholesterol, and protein denaturation were controlled by measuring serum
      protein and albumin along with cholesterol contents. The uptake of cholesterol
      for the above groups was 23.1 +/- 1.2, 18.9 +/- 1.8, and 10.7 +/- 0.8 mg/100 ml,
      respectively. The percentage increases over initial serum cholesterol were 11.9
      +/- 0.9, 18.7 +/- 2.0, and 35.1 +/- 2.7%, respectively. The uptake of cholesterol
      by serum per se without involvement of either releasing or target tissues appears
      to be an irreversible and protective solubility phenomenon; no cholesterol plates
      were deposited upon the undissolved solute or precipitated on addition of
      triglyceride to cholesterol-saturated serum. The omnivorous human and rat had a
      greater absolute reserve for solubilizing cholesterol, but the herbivorous guinea
      pig a greatly enhanced relative (% increase) reserve.

PMID- 684273
TI  - A comparative study with angiotensin II and (des-aspartic acid) -angiotensin II
      in the anesthetized cats.
AB  - The effects of angiotensin II and angiotensin III were studied in chloralose
      anesthetized and bilaterally adrenalectomized cats. Both peptides caused a dose
      dependent increase in blood pressure and reduced the intraluminal pressure of the
      terminal ileum which was chosen as a parameter for the adrenergic actions of the
      peptides. Compared to angiotensin II, angiotensin III had 40 times lower
      agonistic potency in blood pressure but 200 times lower potency in intraluminal
      pressure. The competitive angiotensin antagonist Sar1-Ile8-angiotensin II,
      equally inhibited the agonistic effects of both peptides in blood pressure and
      intestinal motility. From these results it was concluded that specific
      angiotensin receptors are responsible for pressure as well as adrenergic effects
      of angiotensin II and angiotensin III.

PMID- 684274
TI  - The efficacy of practolol-induced beta1 adrenergic blockade in the canine heart.
AB  - The efficacy of adrenergic blockade with practolol was assessed by subjecting 6
      adult mongrel dogs in a closed-chest procedure to bolus injections of
      isoproterenol (0.5 mcg/kg, i.v.) before and after practolol (2.0 mg/kg, i.v.).
      Following practolol both heart rate and pulse pressure responses were
      significantly reduced. It is suggested that significant beta1 receptor adrenergic
      blockade is achieved by practolol.

PMID- 684275
TI  - Efffect of exo- and endo-2-aminobenzonorbornene on the acceleration of efflux of
      norepinephrine from isolated perfused rabbit atria.
AB  - The effect of exo- and endo-2-aminobenzonorbornene on the efflux of
      norepinephrine (NE) from isolated perfused rabbit atria was studied. These
      compounds can be considered conformationally rigid analogs of amphetamine and as
      such can be used to study the stereochemical requirements for amphetamine like
      activity. The exo isomer was found to produce an acceleration of efflux of
      previously accumulated 3H-NE from pargyline treated atria from rabbits which had
      been pretreated with either reserpine or dl-alpha-methyltryrosine (alpha-MT). The
      endo isomer however was found to accelerate efflux of 3H-NE from pargyline
      treated atria from reserpine pretreated rabbits but not from rabbits that had
      been pretreated with alpha-MT.

PMID- 684276
TI  - Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in rat brain.
AB  - Superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities were determined in
      isolated neurons and glial cells as derived from adult male rat brain. Glial
      enzyme activities were higher than in neurones, and the glial enzymes may be an
      important source of the enzyme activities in the homogenate, postmicrosomal
      fractions and in the whole brain microsomes. For comparison, glial cells showed
      also higher diaphorase activity than neurons which may stress the importance of
      glial cells in the oxidative metabolism of exogenous chemicals in brain.

PMID- 684277
TI  - Substituted oxothiazolyl acetic acids as antiinflammatory agents.
AB  - Eight 2-arylimino-3-[/3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl) ethy1]-4-oxothiazol-5-yl-acetic
      acids were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated for their antiinflammatory
      and antiproteolytic properties. The toxocity of the compounds was reflected by
      their approximate LD50 values.

PMID- 684278
TI  - Phenobarbital--thioridazine interaction in man.
AB  - Plasma thioridazine levels were estimated in seven retarded patients during the
      course of gradual phenobarbital withdrawal. In each patient, plasma levels of
      thioridazine plus metabolites increased with decreasing phenobarbital dose.
      Possible mechanisms of the interaction are discussed.

PMID- 684279
TI  - Amobarbital metabolism in man: N-glucoside formation.
AB  - N-Hydroxyamobarbital, the compound previously proposed as the second major
      metabolite of amobarbital was synthesized. The metabolite was shown not to be N
      hydroxyamobarbital. NMR and MS analyses on the metabolite suggested it could be a
      derivative of N-beta-D-glucopyranoside. This proposed structure was confirmed by
      comparison with the spectral data of synthetic amobarbital-N-methyl-N-2,3,4,6
      tetraacetyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside.

PMID- 684280
TI  - Comparison of inhibition of monoamine uptake by cocaine, methylphenidate and
      amphetamine.
AB  - Amphetamine and methylphenidate both inhibited the uptake of 3H-norepinephrine
      (NE) and 3H-dopamine (DA) although the activity (as measured by I50 and Ki
      values) of d-amphetamine was lower with respect to uptake of the two
      catecholamines in synaptosomes from thalamus-hypothalamus and and striatum.
      Cocaine was a much stonger inhibitor of 3H-5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) uptake in
      septum-caudate synaptosomes than amphetamine or methylphenidate. The I50 values
      were 70, 118 and 570 micron for cocaine, methylphenidate and d-amphetamine,
      respectively. The results of the present study suggested that a serotonergic
      system may be involved in the stimulant properties of cocaine. It may also
      explain certain differences in pharmacological activities between cocaine and the
      other two stimulants as described in the literature.

PMID- 684281
TI  - Age dependant factors influencing digoxin pharmacokinetics in the postnatal
      puppy.
AB  - H3-digoxin pharmacokinetics following intravenous pulse injections was studied in
      dogs ranging in age from 0.5--2 days (n=2), 3--10 days (n=6), 11--30 days (n=5),
      31--90 days (n=3) and adult dogs (n=5). All animals in each age group exhibited a
      biexponential elimination of H3-digoxin from the vascular compartment and data
      are analyzed by use of a two compartment pharmacokinetic model. Pharmacokinetic
      parameters showed significant age related differences. The mean T1/2(alpha) was
      greater in puppies aged 0.5--2 (8.92 +/- 2.61 min), 3--10 (11.8 +/- 1.99 min) and
      11--30 days (10.32 +/- 1.89 min) when compared to adult dogs (5.36 +/- 0.91 min).
      The mean T1/2(beta) was four times longer in 3--10 day old dogs (1342.05 min)
      than in adult dogs (327.0 min) and decreased with increasing age of the puppies.
      The beta-phase rate constants were statistically different (p less than 0.05)
      between 3--10 day old and adult dogs. Elimination of H3-digoxin was slower in
      puppies than adult dogs (Kel in 3--10 day old puppies = 0.0046 min(-1); adult
      dogs = 0.0197 min(-1)) and was accompanied by a lower clearance of H3-digoxin in
      3--10 day old puppies (2.05 ml/min/kg) than in adult dogs (7.41 ml/min/kg) [p
      less than 0.0001]. Functional immaturity of the canine kidney during early
      development probably constitutes the physiologic basis for the differences noted
      in H3-digoxin kinetics. While these distinctions in elimination kinetics are age
      related they do not clarify why younger organisms tolerate higher digoxin levels
      than adults with less apparent toxicity.

PMID- 684282
TI  - The influence of the sympathetic nervous system on capillary permeability.
AB  - 1. The influence of the sympathetic nervous system on capillary permeability was
      studied in cats. The dye penetration from the blood through the synovial membrane
      was tested by perfusing the two knee joints, one of which was deprived of its
      sympathetic nerve supply by unilateral lumbosacral sympathectomy. 2. In
      confirmation of previous experiments, it was found in a great majority of
      experiments that, in spite of marked vasodilatation, the dye excretion was
      considerably reduced on the sympathectomised side. 3. A large amount of
      experimental evidence, supporting directly or indirectly, my views, has been
      reviewed. 4. A permeability factor under the influence of the sympathetic nervous
      system has been postulated; its character and mechanism is still unknown. 5.
      Further unpublished experiments seem to support the view that increased blood
      supply is associated with decreased vascular permeability.

PMID- 684283
TI  - [Possibilities to avoid adsorption of physiological substances during charcoal
      hemoperfusion (author's transl)].
AB  - For the clinical use of charcoal in intoxications the loss of normal substances
      out of the organism must be avoided. In order to study the possibility of
      pretreating the charcoal with certain substances without influencing the
      adsorptive capacity of toxic metabolic products we perfused over 70 g uncoated
      charcoal for 6 h: 500 mg creatinine, 1 g and 20 g barbital, 500 mg bromthalein, 1
      g raffinose resp. 1 g inulin per litre physiological saline in different
      combinations and found the following results: 1. In low and middle molecular
      weight levels there is no competition between two substances. 2. By preadsorption
      of the charcoal with a low or middle molecular weight substance, the adsorptive
      capacity of other substances is not influenced.

PMID- 684284
TI  - Studies on intestinal enzyme secretion; the action of cholecystokinin
      pancreozymin, pentagastrin and bile.
AB  - Intravenous administration of 1 U cholecystokinin-pancreozymin (CCK-PZ) to rats
      caused the release of enteropeptidase, alkaline phosphatase (AP), and sucrase to
      the intestinal lumen in the absence of a concomitant increase in luminal DNA.
      Thus, the hormone elicited hydrolase secretion was not due to cell desquamation.
      Pentagastrin also stimulated hydrolase release. Following CCK-PZ administration
      enteropeptidase was released preferentially over sucrase and AP and showed a
      linear correlation with total protein output. The specific enteropeptidase
      activity was higher in the perfusate following secretion than in the mocosa.
      Enteropeptidase was found mainly in soluble form in both mucosa and perfusate;
      addition of bile following enteropeptidase release further increased its
      activity. In contrast, sucrase and AP were found mainly in insoluble form in both
      mucosa and perfusate and their specific activities were higher in the mucosa. The
      presence of bile rendered both sucrase and AP more soluble in the perfusate. The
      data indicate that enteropeptidase is released by a specific secretory process
      and that its subcellular site of origin is different from that of sucrase and AP.
      By eliciting the coordinated release of trypsinogen, enteropeptidase and bile,
      CCK-PZ plays a central role in the initiation of protein digestion.

PMID- 684285
TI  - Serum fatty acids and peroxidase abnormalities in Batten's disease.
AB  - The linoleic acid content of serum lipids was measured in 10 paitents with
      Batten's disease and 11 healthy control subjects by gas liquid chromatography.
      The fatty acid patterns of serum lipids in this disease may reflect a primary or
      secondary deficiency in essential fatty acid (linoleic acid) probably related to
      a glutathione peroxidase abnormality.

PMID- 684286
TI  - The relationship between the functional and structural alterations in the rat
      small intestine following proximal resection of varying extents.
AB  - The functional and structural characteristics of the ileal remnant of rat
      intestine were examined four weeks after 45%, 70% or 95% proximal resection. The
      increase in villus height in the ileal remnant had alfread reached its maximum
      after a resection of 45%, whereas a further increment in the length of the crypts
      occurred after 70% resection. There was an increase in the number of enterocytes
      per unit length of villus and a rise in the DNA content per unit weight of
      mucosal scrapings, which testifies to the development of mucosal hyperplasia in
      this situation. The specific activities of sucrase, measured biochemically, and
      of nonspecific esterase, determined histochemically, were reduced in proportion
      to the extent of the resection. Similarly, the uptakes of L-phenylalanine and of
      beta-methyl-D-glucoside by intestinal rings in vitro were progressively
      diminished in the ileal remnant. There was an increase in the rate of
      disappearance of glucose from a perfused loop in vivo, when expressed in terms of
      unit intestinal length. Galactose absorption remained unchanged, but when
      expressed in terms of unit dry tissue, was significantly reduced, in agreement
      with the diminished transport of both amino-acids and monosaccharides in vitro.

PMID- 684287
TI  - Long-term measurements of biliary cholesterol and bile acid secretion in the
      unanaesthetized mini-pig by controlled interruption of the enterohepatic
      circulation.

PMID- 684288
TI  - [Hypothermic circulatory arrest after total blood exchange in dogs (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Total body washout (hct less than 1%) in hypothermia was performed in 31 dogs
      using either a crystalloidal or a colloidal perfusate. Blood exchange and cooling
      was achieved by means of partial bypass and heat exchanger. Short lasting blood
      exchange for crystalloids without cardiac arrest resulted in 66% survival of the
      animals. When in addition circulatory arrest was established for 30 min at 14
      degrees C oesophageal temperature blood exchange for crystalloids was not
      tolerated. All four animals of this group died within 19 hours presenting massive
      interstitial edema. Replacement of the crystalloidal perfusate by a colloidal
      solution (2.5 g% Dextran 60 at Ringer's Lactate) and establishing circulatory for
      30 or 60 min resulted in survival rates of 71% and 50% respectively. The use of
      the colloidal perfusate effectively prevented edema formation. Death could not be
      correlated with the parameters controlled.

PMID- 684289
TI  - [Action of furosemide in experimental acute renal failure (author's transl)].
AB  - The action of furosemide was studied in glycerol-induced acute renal failure of
      rats. Acute renal failure was induced by an intramuscular injection of 50%
      glycerol (10 ml/kg). A marked increase in plasma urea concentration was found
      after the glycerol injection. Urea concentration increased to a maximal value of
      339 +/- 67 mg/100 ml at the third day after glycerol application. 36% of the
      animals died within the first 4 days after glycerol. Furosemide (20 mg/kg) was
      injected intraperitoneally daily and for the first time 24 h after injection of
      glycerol Mortality and azotemia of acute renal failure was not improved by this
      drug.

PMID- 684290
TI  - The effect of lysolecithin on contractile force of isolated gastric smooth
      muscle.
AB  - Mechanical activity of smooth muscle preparations was recorded in circular strips
      of antrum, corpus, and fundus from guinea-pig stomach. Whereas acetylcholine
      stimulated both rhythmic and tonic (shift of the base line) activity of the
      tested muscles, lysolecithin induced tonic contractions, but had no influence on
      the rhythmic activity. Lysolecithin was ineffective in the absence of external
      calcium. The tonic activations of corpus and fundus preparations induced by
      lysolecithin were suppressed by sodium nitroprusside. D 600 (methoxy-verapamil)
      did not counteract the lysolecithin effect.

PMID- 684291
TI  - [Replacement of the common bile duct by an autologous vein (author's transl)].
AB  - 3 cm of the common bile duct was removed in 19 dogs and the defect was bridged by
      an autologous vein. The interposition of a vein graft was performed with a double
      end-to-end anastomosis. In four cases a T-drain was additionally placed into the
      transplant. GOT, GPT, LDH, AP and bilirubin were tested in regular intervals. The
      patency of the transplant was proved by radiography with dogs which survived
      longer than 6 weeks. 5 dogs died within the first 4 weeks, 4 were killed after 2
      months, because of incrustation of the T-drain for a regular percutaneous rinsing
      of the drainage was not possible. 10 dogs survived for 6 to 12 months. These
      animals showed increasing laboratory results up to two months, then the tests
      normalized. The function of the transplanted vein was without complication and
      the liver histology did not show any pathological alteration. After two months
      the transplanted vein was bridged by bile duct epithelium.

PMID- 684292
TI  - Adenylate cyclase of human gastric mucosa. Stimulation by prostaglandins.
AB  - It has been shown that human gastric mucosa contains a prostaglandin-sensitive
      adenylate cyclase system. Of the prostaglandins tested the E-type induced an
      about 3--3.5-fold increase of enzyme activity. The prostaglandin A2 by causing an
      about 2.5-fold enhancement of cAMP formation and the F-prostaglandins (1.4--2.0
      fold stimulation) were less effective in activating the enzyme system. Maximally
      effective concentrations of histamine and prostaglandin E2 were additive with
      respect to enzyme activity indicating that both hormones act via individual
      adenylate cyclases.

PMID- 684293
TI  - The role of mucosal iron binding proteins in adaptation of iron absorption during
      protein deficiency and rehabilitation.
AB  - 1. A state of protein deficiency has been produced in rats by feeding a low
      protein diet, thereafter a period of rehabilitation with a normal protein but a
      low iron supply followed. 2. For characterization of the iron metabolism during
      both periods haemoglobin, total iron binding capacity, liver non-haemin iron,
      intestinal iron absorption and the uptake of 59Fe in the liver was determined. 3.
      Under these conditions the amount of 59Fe incorporated into the mucosal
      transferrin and the ferritin fractions has been measured. Both fractions were
      obtained from the supernatant of a mucosal homogenate after chromatography on
      sepharose 6B. 4. In anemia due to protein deficiency the typical increase of 59Fe
      incorporation into the fraction of mucosal transferrin--usually occuring in iron
      deficiency--could not be observed. This coincides with the absence of an
      increased iron absorption. Moreover a decrease of iron absorption is observed,
      which is associated with a decreased 59Fe ratio of transferrin/ferritin-fraction.
      5. After normalization of the protein supply the ratio of 59Fe incorporated into
      the mucosal transferrin and ferritin fractions was changed remarkably in favor to
      transferrin together with a several fold increase of the intestinal iron
      absorption. 6. The conclusion is drawn that mucosal transferrin and ferritin
      enable the body not only to adapt the absorption to a higher but also to a lower
      requirement as it is the case in protein deficiency.

PMID- 684294
TI  - Isolation of a receptor protein for lymphocyte specific cytotoxic antibodies from
      human lymphocyte membranes.

PMID- 684296
TI  - Phosphohexose isomerase activity in different guinea pig muscles.

PMID- 684295
TI  - Course of the morphological villous changes produced by ethanol in rats.

PMID- 684297
TI  - Hemodynamic parameters and blood gas analyses in the normal and the cirrhotic
      rat.
AB  - Thioacetamide-fed rats developed cirrhosis with portal hypertension (P
      portal=23.0 +/- 5.2 cm H2O, controls: 14.4 +/- 1.0 cm H2O). The PO2 of liver
      tissue was markedly reduced in cirrhosis (PO2=7.6 +/- 3.4 torr, controls 22.3 +/-
      5.8 torr), and the aortal pH was significantly lower as well. No correlation was
      found between portal hypertension, development of large--nodular cirrhosis, and
      ascites.

PMID- 684298
TI  - Role of spreading-factor (hyaluronidase) on bronchial response to acetylcholine
      challenge in dog.
AB  - Patients with non-specific chronic lung diseases are very sensitive against
      external challenge. Experiments in human volunteers and in animals it has been
      shown that many substances can make bronchial system hyperreactive without
      causing any direct effect. The mechanisms involve in the process of hyperreactive
      bronchial system are, so far, not clear. It is conceived in this study that
      membrane permeability might play an important role in this process. This
      possibility has been studied in anesthetized dogs by subjecting them to
      hyaluronidase aerosol. This enzyme is supposed to change the membrane
      permeability by acting on the ground substance. The animals were first challenged
      with acetylcholine to obtain the basic responsiveness. Then the animals were
      subjected to hyaluronidase aerosol and challenged with acetylcholine again.
      Results confirm the hypotheses that membrane permeability plays an important role
      in hyperreactive bronchial system.

PMID- 684299
TI  - Effects of cholecystokinin-pancreozymin on bile flow and biliary bile salt
      secretion in the cholecystectomized animal.
AB  - The effects of an intravenous infusion of cholecystokinin-pancreozymin on bile
      secretion were studied in 13 unanesthetized and cholecystectomized piglets. The
      results demonstrate that CCK-PZ induces a significant increase of bile flow and
      bile salt excretion. The excretion patterns for bilirubin and Ioglycamide,
      however, showed a slight but not significant decrease. Peripheral hemodynamic
      parameters remained unchanged. A detailed analysis of these results suggests that
      CCK-PZ induces an increase of biliary bile salt secretion by stimulation of
      intestinal motility and enhancement of bile salt circulation within the
      enterohepatic circulation (EHC). In combination with previous studies on the
      effects of spasmolytics on biliary bile salt excretion these results therefore
      emphasize, that the intestinal motility and transit time might play a role in the
      physiology and pathophysiology of biliary bile salt secretion.

PMID- 684300
TI  - [Quantities of plasma polyps in the blood of male and female guinea pigs after
      application of monoiodinoacetate, acetylosalicyclic acid, nitrogen-containing
      excretory substances, and histamine (author's transl)].
AB  - Released cell protrusions designated as plasma polyps (PP) were quantificated
      from human blood of normal, male and non pregnant female, individuals by means of
      "inverted centrifugation" [4], and from blood of male and female, non pregnant
      and late pregnant, guinea pigs also. As control blood was taken from guinea pigs
      during nembutal narcosis or after narcotizing them by blows on the neck. In
      further series we examined the formation of PP after intravenous application of
      monoiodinoacetate (MIA) and acetylosalicyclic acid (ASS) with and without
      additional Na-pyruvate as an intermediary product of glucose metabolism. The
      influence of histamine and nitrogen-containing excretory substances was examined
      after intraperitoneal injections. The blood of normal individuals sporadically
      contained PP. The control animals (male and non pregnant female guinea pigs)
      showed about 1 X 10(6)PP per ml blood, late pregnant about 2 X 10(6). Doses of
      12.5 mg MIA increased the number of PP from 2 X 10(6) up to 4 X 10(6), whereas
      additional Na-pyruvat doses kept the PP level at 1 X 10(6) the one of control
      animals. 21.4mg ASS administered to late pregnant guinea pigs increased the PP
      number up to 4 X 10(6)/ml blood. This effect was prevented by Na-pyruvat
      substitution. Intraperitoneal injection of excretory substances caused a moderate
      increase of PP to 1.8 X 10(6)/ml blood in average.

PMID- 684301
TI  - [An experimental model of nutritional iron deficiency anemia (author's transl)].

PMID- 684302
TI  - [Hematological characteristics in Chilean pregnant women (author's transl)].

PMID- 684303
TI  - [Serum ferritin evaluation in pregnant women and its correlations to other
      biological parameters (author's transl)].

PMID- 684304
TI  - [Plasma insulin response to an orally administered glucose overload in obese and
      normal weight subjects (author's transl)].

PMID- 684305
TI  - [99m Technetium-pyrophosphate scintigraphy in joint diseases (author's transl)].

PMID- 684306
TI  - [Cytologic study in the diagnosis of esophageal carcinoma (author's transl)].

PMID- 684307
TI  - [Carcinoma of the stomach: a cytologic Pap smear study (author's transl)].

PMID- 684308
TI  - [Congenital syphilis (author's transl)].

PMID- 684309
TI  - [Preliminary information on the 3d seminar on professional medical education].

PMID- 684310
TI  - [Psychiatry in early infancy. Prevention and care].

PMID- 684311
TI  - [An experience of early mental prophylaxis : the center for early medico-social
      action in Choisy-Le-Roi].

PMID- 684312
TI  - [Prevention and modes of care. Ambiguity of these concepts].

PMID- 684313
TI  - [Transitional phenomena and early prevention].

PMID- 684314
TI  - [Psychological elements of hyperpyrexic convulsive crises].

PMID- 684315
TI  - [Two years psychiatric experience in a neonatal department].

PMID- 684316
TI  - [Psychoanalytic treatment of infantile autism].

PMID- 684317
TI  - [Ambulatory therapy in the young child. 5 cases of infantile psychosis detected
      and treated at an early stage].

PMID- 684318
TI  - [Psychotherapeutic approach to the young child. Mother-child psychotherapy].

PMID- 684319
TI  - [Thyroid function tests: which one is the most indicated?].

PMID- 684320
TI  - [Heterogeneity of human plasma insulin: technics for separation of immunoreactive
      components and determination by radioimmunoassay].

PMID- 684321
TI  - [Prevalence of hepatitis B antigen (AgHB) in children, in Sao Paulo].

PMID- 684323
TI  - [Teaching of pediatrics on the undergraduate level at the Faculdade de Medicina
      of the Universidade de Sao Paulo].

PMID- 684322
TI  - [Poly-immunotherapy anti-cancer in man].

PMID- 684324
TI  - Quantitative aspects of the migration and evolutive asynchronism of Schistosoma
      mansoni in mice.

PMID- 684325
TI  - [Preliminary personal observations on the effectiveness of cambendazole in the
      treatment of strongyloidiasis].

PMID- 684326
TI  - [Leptospirosis in Salvador (Brazil). Clinical and laboratory aspects].

PMID- 684327
TI  - Aerosol distribution in the nose.
AB  - Using a cast of the human nose the intranasal distribution of drugs, delivered
      from pressurized aerosols and nebulizers was studied. The results indicate that a
      pressurized aerosol should be used twice in each nostril to give an acceptable
      drug distribution, and also that an automized pump is preferable for a plastic
      bottle nebulizer with regard to drug distribution.

PMID- 684328
TI  - Disturbances of breathing and initiation of other symptoms following nasal
      surgery.

PMID- 684329
TI  - Solitary plasmacytoma of the nasal passage--a case report.
AB  - Extramedullary plasmacytomas are rare tumors usually appearing in the upper
      respiratory system or the alimentary tract in the fifth and sixth decades of
      life. A little over two hundred cases have been reported in the literature. The
      association between solitary plasmacytoma and multiple myeloma has been
      emphasized by Helmus, 1964; Mattila, 1965. Approximately 90% of the
      extramedullary plasma cell tumors occur in the head and neck region and are
      therefore within the province of the otolaryngologist. A case of solitary nasal
      plasmacytoma treated with combined surgical and radiation therapy is presented.
      The six years follow up supports the success of therapy.

PMID- 684330
TI  - [Anatomo-clinical study of the Steele-Richardson-Olszewski presenile syndrome
      (Description of a case)].
AB  - A case of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (The Steele-Richardson-Olszewski
      Syndrome) is presented. The chief clinical features are described. The
      neuropathological investigation confirmed the clinical diagnosis showing neuronal
      depopulation, gliosis and neurofibrillary degeneration with the characteristic
      topography in the brain stem, cerebellum and the subthalamic nuclei. They
      conclude with the hypothesis that sometimes a pregress cranial trauma can have an
      important role in the onset of this disease.

PMID- 684331
TI  - [Clinical neuroradiological and tomograhic study of a vascular syndrome of the
      posterior cerebral artery].

PMID- 684332
TI  - [Tumor-specific immunity in a case of meningeal carcinomatosis].

PMID- 684333
TI  - [Clinical study on the control of epilepsy using taurine].
AB  - The A., after a detailed examination of the researches carried out with taurine
      in the clinical pictures of epilepsy, has examined the encephalographic and
      subjective aspects in 19 epileptics, all patients at the Mental Hospital in
      Agrigento. In all of them he has noticed a clear aggravation of the
      electroencephalographic reports, associated, however, with an improvement of the
      cenestesis. Te thinks that taurine may only be a good collateral medicine in the
      therapy of E.

PMID- 684334
TI  - [Amyotrophic lateral pseudosclerosis caused by meningioma of the foramen magnum].

PMID- 684335
TI  - Traumatic hemobilia.

PMID- 684336
TI  - Colonoscopic findings in patients with polypoid lesions of the rectosigmoid.

PMID- 684337
TI  - What's your reading?

PMID- 684338
TI  - Spinal subdural hematoma.

PMID- 684339
TI  - Primary plague septicemia. Case report.

PMID- 684340
TI  - Cutaneous and other complications of cyclophosphamide: a brief review.

PMID- 684341
TI  - Aseptic meningitis associated with echoviral type 6 and 9 infections in Carlsbad,
      New Mexico. A report on nine patients.

PMID- 684342
TI  - Late survey of cerebral birth injury by quantitative analysis of EEG and clinical
      assessment.

PMID- 684343
TI  - Present limits in the resocialization of schizophrenics.

PMID- 684344
TI  - In vitro studies of phosphorus uptake by erythrocytes in cerebral infarction.

PMID- 684345
TI  - Electroencephalographic and behavioral study of the cat's reactivity to stimuli
      during the evolution of cobalt amygdaloid epilepsy. II. Cats with bilateral
      partial damage of stria terminalis.

PMID- 684346
TI  - Relations between erythrocyte rheology, plasma proteins and ABO blood-groups in
      acute cerebral thrombosis (a preliminary report).

PMID- 684347
TI  - Clinical and electrophysiological study of the spinal peripheral motoneurone in
      patients with central motoneurone lesions of varying causes.

PMID- 684348
TI  - 49 XXXXY syndrome with profound mental deficiency.

PMID- 684349
TI  - [Study of the binding of various cations to the external surface of neurons].

PMID- 684350
TI  - Cyclic oculomotor paralysis.

PMID- 684351
TI  - Deviations from normal limits of EEG variation in school-age children born at
      risk.

PMID- 684352
TI  - [Contribution to the study of scapulo-humeral periarthritis: anatomical lesions
      of simple chronic painful shoulder].
AB  - The authors restate that simple pain of the shoulder, which is a form of scapulo
      humeral periarthritis characterized by the existence of pain without limitation
      of movement, is almost always associated with lesions of the tendons of the short
      muscle teres of the shoulder. They term chronic simple pain of the shoulder the
      rare cases where, despite therapy that is reputed to be efficient, there is a
      gradual development lasting more than one year, either continuously or with
      relaps periods of less than three weeks. They show that these chronic shoulders
      are practically always associated with a rupture of the coat of the muscle teres
      or a calcification of the tendons of the teres coat. Ruptures are as much
      frequent in men as in women and calcifications definitely more frequent in women
      (60%). Before 30 years of age, the most frequent lesion is almost always a
      calcification, and after 65 rupture is more common. Between 30 to 65, the
      probability of a calcification in a chronic simple painful shoulder, goes from
      100% to 0, while the probability of a rupture increases from 0 to 100%.

PMID- 684353
TI  - [A new model of experimental arthrosis: contusion of the cartilage. Experimental
      and clinical study].
AB  - The effects of a single contusion without surface disruption and without fracture
      of the patella were studied in 40 rabbits. Macroscopic observation as well as
      light and electromicroscopy revealed lesions comparable to those observed in
      patients with chondromalacia of the patella and arthrosis. Three successive
      stages can be distinguished: a degeneration of the chondrocytes, a temporary
      proliferative reaction and an extension of the degenerative lesions resulting in
      an arthrosis. This is therefore a new model of chondromalacia and experimental
      arthrosis which is comparable in every respect to what is observed in human
      traumatology.

PMID- 684354
TI  - [Dosage of ionized calcium in osteo-articular pathology].
AB  - The dosage of calcium ionized serum using a selective electrode, was performed in
      a series of controls and patients with osteo-articular diseases. Normal values
      were 43 mg/l between 20 and 50 years of age, and 41 mg/l after 60 years. The
      level of ionized calcium, when given as a percentage of total blood calcium, did
      not decrease with age (normal value : 44%). It was increased in hyper
      parathyroidism, rhumatoid polyarthritis and lytic bone metastasis. It did not
      vary in Paget's disease, osteoporosis, osteomalacia, condensing metastasis,
      Kahler's disease and spasmophilia. The ionized calcium in definitely diminished
      in hypoparathyroidism.

PMID- 684355
TI  - Fiber optic heterodyne interferometer for vibration measurements in biological
      systems.

PMID- 684356
TI  - [Effect of endogenous ovarian hormones on the action of small doses of
      parathormone administered for prolonged periods in rats (author's transl)].

PMID- 684357
TI  - [Experience with radioimmunoassay of parathormone in serum using Calbiochem kits
      and CNRC kits (author's transl)].

PMID- 684358
TI  - [Action of pentobarbital narcosis upon circulation effects of thyroid hormones
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 684359
TI  - [Diameter of the aortic root assessed by means of echocardiography and
      angiocardiography. Comparative study (author's transl)].

PMID- 684360
TI  - [Surgical treatment of Stein-Leventhal syndrome. Clinical investigation (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 684361
TI  - [Importance of the longterm follow up of plasma renin activity in relation to
      arterial hypertension in chronic renal failure (author's transl)].

PMID- 684362
TI  - [Problems of automatic processing of data in diabetological surgeries. Draft
      solution (author's transl)].

PMID- 684363
TI  - [The 50th anniversary of Professor Vladimir Pacovsky D.Sc].

PMID- 684364
TI  - Biochemical abnormalities in Batten's syndrome.
AB  - The present data indicate that a group of ten patients with Batten's syndrome
      showed reduced activity of erythrocyte glutathione (GSH) peroxidase (Px)
      (glutathione: H2O2 oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.9.) using H2O2 as peroxide donor.
      Assay of erythrocyte GSHPx using H2O2, cumene hydroperoxide and t-butyl
      hydroperoxide as donors also makes it possible biochemically to divide Batten's
      syndrome into two types: (1) one type with decreased values when H2O2 and cumene
      hydroperoxide are used, and (2) one type with increased values when t-butyl
      hydroperoxide is used. Furthermore an increased content of palmitic, oleic and of
      eicosatrienoic acid but decreased linoleic acid content was found in serum from
      patients with Batten syndrome. An inverse relationship between erythrocyte GSHPx
      and serum eicosatrienoic acid was found in the patients. Finally normal selenium
      levels were found in erythrocytes, but decreased values were traced in whole
      blood. In normal human beings a connection was found between the erythrocyte
      selenium content and GSHPx activity assayed by cumene hydroperoxide as a peroxide
      donor.

PMID- 684365
TI  - Age, blood pressure, renin and urinary electrolytes in primary hypertension and
      in the normotensive state.
AB  - One hundred and twenty-three patients, sixty-four men and fifty-nine women, with
      primary hypertension were studied with regard to supine and sitting blood
      pressure (BP), plasma renin activity (PRA) during basal and stimulated
      conditions, and urinary sodium and potassium excretions. The patients ranged in
      age from 20 to 76 (mean 48) years. A control material of 120 normotensive
      subjects, forty-nine men and seventy-one women, with an age range 22--78 (mean
      47) years were studied during the same strictly standardized conditions. The two
      populations were compared statistically. The mean basal PRA level, measured after
      1 h supine rest, was significantly higher in the hypertensive subjects, while the
      upright PRA, determined after ambulation for 3--4 h, was the same in the two
      groups. On the contrary, the stimulated mean PRA, measured 3--4 h after intake of
      80 mg frusemide orally was significantly lower in the hypertensive subjects. No
      relationships could be demonstrated between PRA and the 24 h urinary electrolyte
      excretions. An age dependent decrease of upright and stimulated PRA was
      demonstrated only in the hypertensive population. Applying our previously
      published reference ranges for stimulated PRA, 16% of the hypertensive patients
      were considered to have low renin hypertension.

PMID- 684366
TI  - Release of prostaglandin-like substances and lung reactions to induced
      intravascular platelet aggregation in cats.
AB  - Induced intravascular aggregation of blood platelets gives pulmonary
      vasoconstrictor and bronchoconstrictor responses, which might be mediated by
      bioactive substances from the platelets. The aim of the present work was to see
      if these lung reactions could be related to the release of prostaglandin-like
      substances (PGLS). Repeated episodes of platelet aggregation were induced by i.v.
      infusions of collagen in anaesthetized cats ventilated at a constant tidal
      volume. Arterial blood was pumped from a carotid artery (10 ml/min) to superfuse
      a series of smooth muscle organs sensitive to prostaglandins (PGs): rabbit aorta,
      rat stomach strip, rat colon and chick rectum. In two experiments cat jejunum
      replaced the rabbit aorta in order to detect kinins. All tissues were pretreated
      with antagonists against catecholamines, histamine, serotonin and acetylcholine.
      The bioassay tissues were calibrated with standard doses of PGE2 and PGF2alpha.
      Collagen infusions caused lung responses (as judged from the rise in peak
      tracheal pressure) and in most cases also a transient systemic hypotension.
      Simultaneously, contractions of the bioassay tissues occurred, indicating release
      of PGLS. Such release was only detected as long as lung responses could be
      elicited by i.v. collagen infusions. These findings imply that PGs and/or the
      various intermediates in PG synthesis might mediate the pulmonary smooth muscle
      constriction occurring after intravascular platelet aggregation.

PMID- 684367
TI  - Muscle glycogen synthesis after a glucose infusion during post-exercise recovery
      in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects.

PMID- 684368
TI  - Cross-sectional area of the thigh muscle in man measured by computed tomography.
AB  - Nine subjects with different training background were studied by means of muscle
      biopsy from musculus vastus lateralis. The cross-cut area of the different muscle
      fibre types was measured. By the use of a soft tissue X-ray technique, computed
      tomography, a cross-sectional picture of the thigh was produced at the same level
      as the biopsy was taken. The total cross-cut area of the vastus lateralis muscle
      was measured from this picture. This technique to measure a cross-cut muscle area
      from an X-ray picture was evaluated and found to be accurate and reproducible.
      The mean fibre area was highly correlated (r = 0.91; P less than 0.001) to the
      cross-cut area of the vastus lateralis muscle. The total number of fibres in the
      vastus lateralis muscle was estimated. It was concluded that the cross-sectional
      area of the thigh muscle can be accurately determined by means of computed
      tomography. The larger cross-sectional area of the vastus lateralis muscle in
      well trained subjects was primarily explained by a larger cross-sectional area of
      the fibre, while the total number of fibres in the vastus lateralis muscle seemed
      to be fairly equal among the subjects.

PMID- 684369
TI  - Arterial collateral vessels in legs with obliterative arteriosclerosis.
AB  - A method for assessment of arterial collateral vessels and corresponding stenoses
      on arteriograms of arteriosclerotic legs is presented. The method is based on the
      concept that compensatory collateral vessels, by-passing stenoses of the
      conductive arterial segments, have to cross a plane traversing the distal part of
      each segment (common iliac artery, external iliac/common femoral artery and
      superficial femoral artery). The number of collateral vessels was counted and the
      minimum diameter within the corresponding conductive arterial segment was
      measured (three locations in each leg). There was a close correlation between the
      sum of remaining lumen diameters and the sum of corresponding collaterals in
      thirty-four legs (r = -0.77, P less than 0.001). Maximum lower leg blood flow
      during exercise (thermodilution) was better correlated to arteriosclerotic
      changes in the pelvic arterial tree than to changes in the femoral arteries, and
      the must abundant collateral vessels were found in individuals having central
      stenoses or occlusions.

PMID- 684370
TI  - Comparative pressure measurements in the oesophagus by means of in situ tip
      transducers and external transducer systems.
AB  - Basal gastro-oesophageal sphincter pressures and peak peristaltic pressure
      amplitudes in the oesophageal body 5 and 15 cm proximal to the gastro-oesophageal
      sphincter were measured with three different set ups in six healthy volunteers.
      The in situ tip-transducer measurements were compared to two different external
      pressure transducers in a perfused catheter system and to an external pressure
      transducer in a non-perfused catheter system. The in situ tip-transducer recorded
      higher sphincter pressures and peristaltic amplitudes than those recorded by the
      perfused and non-perfused systems (P less than 0.01). There was no difference
      between the pressures recorded by perfused systems in conjunction with the
      different external transducers. The perfused systems recorded sphincter pressures
      higher than those recorded by the non-perfused systems (P less than 0.02 and P
      less than 0.01), whereas the non-perfused system recorded higher peristaltic
      pressure amplitudes than those recorded by the perfused systems (P less 0.01 and
      P less than 0.01). The importance of the bend of the in situ tip-transducer was
      shown experimentally. It is concluded that the ideal system for recording
      oesophageal pressures is a perfused catheter set-up with minimal compliance. The
      probe with three side holes at the same level ensures registrations of the lowest
      occlusion pressure at the measuring point.

PMID- 684371
TI  - Some aspects of the clinical use of thermodilution in measuring cardiac output.
      With particular reference to the Swan-Ganz thermodilution catheters.
AB  - Accuracy of the thermodilution method in measuring cardiac output was tested in a
      model and against Fick in ten patients. Reproducibility was determined from 573
      thermodilution curves. The influence of catheter position, catheter irrigation,
      post-injection aspiration, and the substitution of rectal temperature for central
      blood temperature was also studied. The thermodilution method showed very good
      correlation to direct measurements in the model (corr. coeff. 1.00) and the Fick
      method in patients (corr. coeff. 0.97). Mean standard deviation for cardiac
      outputs calculated from individual thermodilution curves was 5%. Post-injection
      aspiration and variation in catheter tip location did not influence the results.
      Catheter irrigation during recordings and the use of rectal temperature for TB
      resulted in underestimation of cardiac output.

PMID- 684372
TI  - Calculation of oxygen saturation of mixed venous blood in infants.
AB  - A retrospective survey of the heart catheterizations of twenty-two children below
      the age of three years was carried out in order to evaluate different formulae
      for calculation of the oxygen saturation in mixed venous blood (MVB) from the
      oxygen saturation in blood from the superior caval vein (SVC) and inferior caval
      vein (IVC). The formula MVB = (3SVC + IVC)/4 was found satisfactory, also during
      halothane anesthesia.

PMID- 684374
TI  - Laboratory statistics made simple. Interfacing a clinical chemistry computer
      system with a general statistical program package.
AB  - A general-purpose statistical program package (BMDP) has been linked by a simple
      program interface to the data file of a clinical chemistry laboratory's computer
      system. This system may be used for various types of statistical data analysis
      based on the laboratory's routine work.

PMID- 684373
TI  - A semi-automated radioimmunoassay technique employing a nine-channel pipetting
      and sample handling.
AB  - A semi-automated RIA-technique has been developed which employs simultaneous
      pipetting of nine aliquots of reagents with nine-channel pipettes and the
      processing of RIA samples in nine-tube units. This processing includes
      evaporation, centrifugation, and decantation of tubes at the end of separation
      step of the RIA. The nine-channel pipetting reduced the time necessary for
      pipetting to about one third as compared to the corresponding one channel
      pipetting, and made the pipetting less tiresome. The precision of pipetting was
      also improved. This nine-channel RIA-technique was applied to radioimmunoassays
      of plasma 17-beta-oestradiol and progesterone, in which [125I]iodohistamine
      conjugated steroid-tracers were used.

PMID- 684375
TI  - Identification of H-2 and Ia-antigen analogues in several species by
      immunological crossreactions of xenoantisera.
AB  - Rabbit antisera against H-2K and D antigens react with molecules composed of
      12,000 and 45,000 dalton subunits derived from human, monkey, rat, guinea-pig,
      cow and pig lymphocytes. The antisera failed, however, to react with similar type
      molecules from chicken. A rabbit antihuman beta 2-microglobulin serum reacted
      with chicken molecules comprising 12,000 and 45,000 dalton polypeptide chains. An
      antiserum against HLA-DR antigens reacted with Ia-antigen-like molecules from
      monkey, rat, mouse, guinea-pig, cow, pig and chicken lymphocytes. All Ia-antigen
      like molecules displayed two dissimilar subunits. The present data suggest that
      xenoantisera directed against highly purified MHC antigens from one species may
      be useful tools in elucidating the structure of similar antigens in other species
      where alloantisera are not available.

PMID- 684376
TI  - Human transfer factor in vitro: identification of L-serine and glycine as
      components with augmenting effect in lymphocyte transformation assay.

PMID- 684377
TI  - Binding affinity of human autoantibodies: studies of cryoglobulin IgM rheumatoid
      factors and IgG autoantibodies to albumin.
AB  - The binding affinity of cryoglobulin IgM rheumatoid factors (RF) for human IgG
      and of human IgG anti-albumin autoantibodies for HSA was measured by the
      molecular sieving technique. The binding affinities of the two autoantibodies
      were consistently low (10(4)-10(5) 1/M) as compared to the affinities of
      corresponding hyperimmune animal antibodies (10(6)-10(8) 1/M). The findings were
      discussed in relation to theories on human autoimmunity. The existence of strict
      autotolerance at the T cell level and of autoreactivity at the low affinity B
      cell level was considered to be best compatible with the findings of this study
      and with the major known facts of autoimmunity.

PMID- 684378
TI  - Liver damage in mice and rats causes tenfold increase of blood immunoglobulin A.
AB  - Average serum concentrations of IgA and IgM of the SDK rats were 0.27 and 0.43
      mg/ml, respectively. Subtotal hepatectomy had no detectable effect on the
      concentration of IgM but IgA increased in 4 days to a level of 4.9 mg/ml.
      Thereafter the concentration fell back to normal in 21 days. Serum concentrations
      of IgA, IgM and IgG2a in (C57BL X CBA)F1 mice were 0.41, 0.35 and 1.67 mg/ml,
      respectively. Neither hepatectomy nor carbon tetrachloride poisoning had an
      effect on the concentrations of IgM or IgG2a but IgA increased to 3.0 mg/ml
      (hepatectomy) or 3.6 mg/ml (carbon tetrachloride poisoning). Again the increase
      was reversible. IgA of normal rat serum was mostly monomeric (7S) and of normal
      mouse serum a mixture 7S and 9S (dimeric) IgA. After liver damage of either type
      the majority of the serum IgA had a sedimentation constant higher than 7S. It
      thus resembled the IgA that is brought to the circulation by the thoracic duct of
      rats and mice.

PMID- 684379
TI  - Prevalence, severity, and types of pulmonary emphysema in a population of deaths
      in a Finnish city. Correlation with age, sex and smoking.

PMID- 684380
TI  - On the pathogenesis of obstructive lung disease. A study on the immotile-cilia
      syndrome.
AB  - The role of mucociliary transport in man can be evaluated by studying persons
      with the recently recognised "immotile-cilia syndrome". Such persons have chronic
      or recurrent infections of the upper and lower airways and have ultrastructural
      defects of cilia and sperm tails. Men suffering from the syndrome usually are
      sterile and have immotile spermatozoa. About half of the subjects have complete
      situs inversus. Fourteen persons with the immotile-cilia syndrome have been
      studied here in an attempt to evaluate the role of an impaired mucociliary
      transport for the development of obstructive lung disease. Age range was 25-40
      years; there were ten men and four women. Mucociliary transport in the lungs was
      extremely slow in all subjects. Spirometry demonstrated airway obstruction in
      nine subjects. Two of these subjects had radiological evidence of pulmonary
      emphysema. The results indicate that an absent mucociliary transport predisposes
      to the development of obstructive lung disease. Patients with classic chronic
      bronchitis have earlier been shown to have a severely impaired mucociliary
      transport. The present findings in subjects with primary ciliary immotility make
      it probable that this impaired mucociliary transport is of pathogenetic
      importance for development of the obstructive lung disease often found in
      patients with chronic bronchitis.

PMID- 684381
TI  - Physiological and pharmacological studies on isolated human bronchial
      preparations.
AB  - The contractile response of human bronchial smooth muscle preparations obtained
      after death (necrobronchi) from 15 patients was studied in vitro. Reproduceable
      responses sufficient for calculating dose-response curves, could be obtained up
      to 30 h after death. A number of smooth muscle stimulants were investigated: 1)
      carbacholine, 2) acetylcholine, 3) histamine and 4) electrical field stimulation.
      In addition to these bronchial smooth muscle relaxants such as adrenaline,
      salbutamol and terbutaline were also studied. These agents showed a dose
      dependent relaxation in preparations previously treated with carbacholine. It can
      be concluded that in vitro testing of smooth muscle preparations obtained from
      human cadavers is possible.

PMID- 684382
TI  - Effect of the slope of the alveolar plateau on determination of closing volume.
AB  - Repeated closing volume (CV) determinations were obtained simultaneously with the
      nitrogen method (CV-N2) and with a helium bolus method (CV-He) in 19 selected
      subjects with normal routine spirometry. Ten subjects had normal slopes of phase
      III and nine had abnormally steep slopes of phase III obtained with the nitrogen
      method. No systematic difference was found between CV-N2 and CV-He irrespective
      of the steepness of phase III, which seems to indicate that at least in
      spirometrically normal subjects airway closure is adequately assessed by the
      nitrogen method - even in the presence of a steep slope of phase III.

PMID- 684383
TI  - The anamnestic effect in tuberculin skin testing: measurement and time relations.
      Experiments in BCG-vaccinated guinea pigs.
AB  - The repeat-test effect, an example of anamnestic effect in cellular immunity, was
      investigated in BCG-vaccinated guinea pigs, using 25 TU Mantoux tests to
      influence as well as assess skin reactivity to tuberculin. Two different methods
      of quantitating the effect were tried and found valuable. The effect could be
      regularly observed 12 weeks or more after BCG-vaccination, and with less
      regularly 6 to 9 weeks after BCG-vaccination. The effect was found whether the
      interval between the first (interim) test and the second (repeat) test was as
      short as 3 days or as long as 44 weeks.

PMID- 684384
TI  - Role of talc and benzo(a)pyrene in respiratory tumor formation. An experimental
      study.
AB  - Biologic and morphologic alterations caused by repeated intratracheal
      instillations of talc, alone or in combination with benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P), were
      studied in Syrian golden hamsters to determine the possible carcinogenic and
      cocarcinogenic effects of talc. Talc alone failed to induce respiratory tumors,
      granulomas or mesothelial proliferation, but when a mixture of equal quantities
      of talc with B(a)P was administered, papillomas, squamous cells carcinomas and
      undifferentiated tumors of the larynx, trachea and lungs resulted. It therefore
      appears that in the hamster, talc is devoid of carcinogenic activity in itself,
      but does affect the activity of polycyclic hydrocarbons.

PMID- 684385
TI  - Cardiac arrhythmias in patients with serious pulmonary diseases.
AB  - During a 5-year period, 1969-1973, 451 patients with acute severe pulmonary
      diseases were admitted to the three medical intensive care units (MICU) at
      Ullevaal Hospital. In 39% of the patients a major cardiac arrhythmia was recorded
      in the units during a mean observation time of 24 h. The subsequent mortality in
      the hospital was 31% in patients with arrhythmias in the MICU, and 8% in patients
      without arrhythmias. The association between arrhythmias and mortality was
      significant (P less than 0.004) in patients with a diagnosis of pneumonia. There
      was also an association (P less than 0.04) between arrhythmias and the severity
      of lung disease. Continuous electrocardiographic monitoring of patients with
      severe pneumonia or acute exacerbations of obstructive lung disease is
      recommended.

PMID- 684386
TI  - Evaluation of occupational exposure to xylene by blood, exhaled air and urine
      analysis.
AB  - Occupational xylene exposure in the breathing zone of 15 painters was measured
      during three consecutive workdays. The applicability of the use of different
      biological samples was tested by the monitoring of xylene concentrations in blood
      and exhaled air, and urinary methylhippuric acid excretion as well. The best
      relation to the time-weighted average of xylene exposure was obtained for urinary
      methylhippuric acid concentration at the end of the workday; an amount of 665
      mg/g of creatinine corresponded to 50 ppm of xylene. The amount of methylhippuric
      acid in a morning sample at the end of the work week, on the other hand,
      correlated to the mean exposure of the three preceding days. Xylene
      concentrations in exhaled air and blood sampled after the workday correlated
      poorly to the exposure of the preceding day. The urinary elimination of
      methylhippuric acid after the finished work week showed two distinct phases of
      excretion, with different biological half-times (1.9-5.3 h for the first 10 h
      after exposure and 16.5-48.4 h for the next two days).

PMID- 684387
TI  - Amount and distribution of welding fume lung contaminants among arc welders.
AB  - The amount and distribution of the welding fume lung contaminants was measured in
      44 arc welders from two shipyards. The measurement was made from the
      determination of the permanent field after the subject was magnetized in a low
      external magnetic field, the values being used for the calculation of the amount
      of contaminants in the lungs. Less than 4 mg of dust was found in the lungs of
      nonexposed controls. In the shipyard welder's lungs, after two years of exposure,
      on the average 7 mg (range 4-15) of welding dust was observed. After a continuous
      exposure of about 18 years the amounts were 200 mg (range 30-1,500) in shipyard A
      and 700 mg (150-2,000) in shipyard B, respectively. On the basis of data obtained
      from retired welders, the clearance rate of 45% in welders from shipyard A and
      18% in shipyard B were calculated, the latter figure being probably more
      accurate. The distribution of contaminants was 52% in the right and 48% in the
      left lung. The radiological findings correlated well with the amounts of welding
      fume contaminants measured with the magnetic method.

PMID- 684388
TI  - Studies on angiopathy due to carbon disulfide. Retinopathy and index of exposure
      dosages.
AB  - The occurrences of retinopathy (microaneurysms/small dot hemorrhages) and the
      coded resting and postexercise ECG findings suggestive of coronary heart disease
      (CHD) were studied among 420 Japanese male workers exposed to carbon disulfide
      and 390 men not exposed to such a solvent. Retinopathy was detected in 24.4% of
      the exposed group and in 3.8% of the nonexposed group by color fundus
      photography. Among workers of the former group there was a significant
      correlation between retinopathy prevalences and the index of exposure dosages (r
      = 0.925, P less than 0.01). However, correlation between the prevalence of
      retinopathy and duration of exposure was not so high (r = 0.647, 0.10 less than P
      less than 0.25). The occurrences of coded resting and postexercise "coronary" ECG
      findings were not related to the index of exposure dosages. Some risk factors for
      CHD such as total serum cholesterol, triglycerides, beta-lipoproteins, blood
      pressure, obesity, and skinfold thickness were simultaneously studied. But these
      variables did not prove to be important in the development of angiopathy due to
      carbon disulfide, especially the so-called retinopathia sulfocarbonica.

PMID- 684389
TI  - Grip force in vibration disease.
AB  - In this experiment the hand grip force of 58 persons was measured. The study was
      carried out during a compulsory health examination. The subjects compressed with
      their left hand for 5 min fluctuating maximal force and with their right hand for
      1 min with maximal constant force. The results were repeated with five different
      levels of vibration and without vibration. Individual forces varied in the 5-min
      experiment from 25 to 122 N. The strongest subjects were in a group affected by
      white fingers, but with no claim of diminished grip force. The weakest forces
      were seen in the group subjectively most-affected by vibration disease. On the
      basis of this examination, it seems that in some workers long-term exposure to
      vibration causes a diminution in grip force, which is a constant phenomenon, and
      it does not only manifest itself during their work. During exposure to vibration
      the force reduced from the resting level among the subjectively most-affected
      lumberjacks, but not in less-affected groups or in the reference group. No
      vibration frequency was found to be especially disadvantageous to grip force, and
      it was not possible to determine the normal limits of grip force.

PMID- 684390
TI  - Biologically active metals in human tissues. I. The effect of age and sex on the
      concentration of copper in aorta, heart, kidney, liver, lung, pancreas and
      skeletal muscle.
AB  - Autopsy specimens of aorta, heart, kidney, liver, lung, pancreas and skeletal
      muscle were collected from 86 accident victims. The copper concentration in each
      tissue was determined with atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The descending
      order of the tissues in respect to copper concentration was: liver, heart,
      kidney, pancreas, lung, muscle, and aorta. No significant difference was found in
      the copper levels of samples from male and female autopsies. When the effect of
      age on the average copper concentration was studied, liver and kidney showed a
      decreasing concentration up to maturity, the copper concentration in pancreas and
      skeletal muscle showed a continuous decline with increasing age, and there was no
      clear-cut effect of age on the copper concentration of heart, lung and aorta.
      According to the results the Finnish population does not differ, on the average,
      from other populations with respect to tissue copper concentrations.

PMID- 684391
TI  - Hazards in the work environment--cyanide. Spectrophotometric determination of
      volatile cyanide.

PMID- 684392
TI  - Relation between radiological pleuropulmonary changes, clinical history and
      weight index of construction workers.
AB  - Photofluorography was performed on 1,542 male construction workers in the
      Stockholm area. Postero-anterior, lateral and two anterior oblique views were
      obtained. The pleural and pulmonary changes found were classified into six
      groups. The results were correlated to the subjects' calculated weight index and
      to the occupational history of asbestos exposure and previous lung or pleural
      disease. There was a strong positive association between a high weight index and
      changes interpreted as increased amount of extrapleural fat. There was also a
      positive association between irregular thickenings and adhesions located mainly
      around the base of the lung and a clinical history of pleural or pulmonary
      disease. The importance of taking other etiological factors than exposure to
      asbestos dust into consideration is emphasized when pleural changes are detected
      in apparently healthy people.

PMID- 684393
TI  - [Evaluation program for cancer patients].
AB  - The medical evaluation and requisite radiologic examinations for the cancer
      patient are presented. Adequate clinical staging is essential for determining
      prognosis, optimal therapeutic plan, and evaluation of therapy results. Newer
      radiologic methods allow more detailed evaluation and determination of disease
      stage.

PMID- 684394
TI  - [Interdisciplinary treatment planning in cancer].
AB  - The prerequisites for and purpose of optimal interdisciplinary cooperation in
      cancer treatment planning are presented from the viewpoint of the medical
      oncologist, the surgeon and the therapeutic radiologists. Only with full
      appreciation of the therapeutic possibilities offered by each individual
      treatment modality and speciality can an optimal interdisciplinary treatment plan
      be devised. This maximum of cooperation and interdisciplinary teamwork is also
      the basis for further progress and improvement of therapeutic results.

PMID- 684395
TI  - [Cooperation between private physician, regional hospital and oncologic center].
AB  - Due to numerical, socio-psychological, economic and geographic factors, not all
      tumor patients can be followed exclusively by specialized oncologic institutions.
      Institutionalized, well organized cooperation between private physician,
      community hospital and regional cancer center is mandatory in affording every
      patient speedy and adequate investigation and treatment. One model of regional
      oncologic cooperation which has been realized successfully for some years now in
      Eastern Switzerland is presented. Decentralized oncologic consulting clinics open
      for in- and out-patients are the cornerstone of this system, which guarantees the
      same quality of management for the tumor patient in hospital or at home and
      requires the active participation of family doctors.

PMID- 684396
TI  - [Therapy of complications due to neoplasm metastases].
AB  - Many tumors, especially when metastasizing, produce a variety of symptoms. Two
      frequent sets of complications due to metastasizing cancer (mainly to the bones),
      i.e. vertebral metastases and chronic pain, are reviewed. In the case of
      vertebral metastases, the fitting of an orthopedic corset should--and as a rule
      can--be avoided. Treatment of this complication is by systemic therapy and/or
      radiotherapy. Symptoms or signs of medullary compression are indications for
      emergency treatment by the radiotherapist or the neurosurgeon. In the case of
      chronic pain, regular oral intake of the Brompton mixture is an alternative to
      injections of analgesics in that it prevents rather than alleviates pain and is
      only slightly addiction-forming.

PMID- 684397
TI  - [The malignant melanoma: criteria for the prognosis and therapy].
AB  - Several factors influence the spontaneous course of malignant melanoma:
      localization, stage, depth of invasion and histological type of the tumour, as
      well as sex and immune competence of the patient. Risk and prognostic factors
      have been inadequately considered in past therapeutic trials and are a major
      issue in current applied melanoma research.

PMID- 684398
TI  - [Psychosocial aspects in oncology].
AB  - Affects of hopelessness and helplessness may play an important role in the life
      history of cancer patients. Open communication with the patient is necessary in
      order to overcome these affects. The function of denial is discussed and
      depression is described as a necessary phase in coping with the disease.
      Depressions in cancer patients cannot be avoided through denial but should be
      adequately treated.

PMID- 684399
TI  - [Problems of early detection of neoplasms from an epidemiological point of view].
AB  - Based on the epidemiologic literature, the problem of mass cancer screening
      projects is discussed. In the case of breast cancer the evidence for a reduction
      of mortality in the age group over 50 seems conclusive, whereas the specific role
      of mammography is still controversial. At present, no routine mammographic
      screening should be undertaken in women under 50 years of age. There is
      presumptive evidence that routine proctosigmoidoscopy for early diagnosis of
      cancer of the large bowel reduces mortality. However, this method seems of
      doubtful practical value for financial and psychological reasons. There is reason
      to believe that improvement in colorectal survival rates may be expected with
      widespread use of the "Hemoccult" test. Routine screening for cervical cancer
      should be continued, although the epidemiological evidence of its value is only
      circumstantial. In the case of lung cancer, there is not much hope that secondary
      prevention will improve mortality rates. Earlier detection of prostatic cancer by
      means of digital examination may eventually improve mortality rates, but at
      present the evidence is lacking.

PMID- 684401
TI  - The shaping of tissues in embryos.

PMID- 684400
TI  - [Current state of therapy for gastrointestinal tumors].
AB  - For many years, the treatment of malignant gastrointestinal tumors has been
      disappointing. However, recent results have shown an improvement in the rate of
      remissions and survival, especially in the treatment of gastric, pancreatic and
      localized rectal carcinoma. The therapy of cancer of the colon still remains
      unsatisfactory: the rate of remissions could be increased, but survival remains
      unaltered. Adjuvant chemotherapy is under investigation in many quarters but
      cannot yet be recommended as an established method of treatment.

PMID- 684402
TI  - The thermostat of vertebrate animals.

PMID- 684403
TI  - Retention of the metabolized trace elements in biological tissues following
      different drying procedures. I. Antimony, cobalt, iodine, mercury, selenium and
      zinc in rat tissues.
AB  - Loss of Sb, Co, I, Hg, Se and Zn during freeze-drying and oven-drying at 80, 105
      and 120 degrees C were studied in rat tissues that contained metabolized
      radioactive isotopes. No loss was observed for any of the 6 elements on freeze
      drying. However, tissue-specific differences were observed in many cases for Hg,
      Se, I and Sb on oven-drying. A significant loss of Hg was observed in liver even
      at 80 degrees C, and for brain at 105 degrees C. Se was lost from whole blood,
      brain, lung, and muscle at 120 degrees C. Sb was lost from whole blood at 105
      degrees C, but from brain, kidney, lung and spleen at 120 degrees C. Iodine was
      also lost from whole blood, kidney, blood serum, erythrocytes, brain, lung and
      muscle at 120 degrees C. Although the losses were statistically significant, they
      remained in most cases between 2 and 10%, with the exception of Hg at 120 degrees
      C, where the losses in some of the tissues were unpredictable. For urine, freeze
      drying and oven-drying at 80 degrees C was found to be relatively safe for Hg and
      I. At 105 degrees C and above, serious loss of Hg was observed. In this
      experiment, the elements Zn, Co, Sb and Se were no studied for urine.

PMID- 684404
TI  - Vanadium in foods and in human body fluids and tissues.
AB  - Using neutron activation analysis, vanadium was analysed in a range of foods,
      human body fluids and tissues. On the basis of these results and those of other
      workers, it was concluded that daily dietary intake amounts to some tens of
      micrograms. Analysis of body fluids (including milk, blood and excreta) and
      organs and tissues provided an estimate for the total body pool of vanadium in
      man of about 100  microgram. Vanadium was not detectable in blood and urine at
      the level of 0.3 ng/g, while low levels were found in muscle, fat, bone, teeth
      and other tissues. The relationship between dietary intake to pulmonary
      absorption is discussed in relation to the occurrence of vanadium in man-made air
      particulates. The very low levels found in milks and eggs suggest minimal
      vanadium requirements in growth. The findings are discussed in the light of
      previous results and also in relation to the possible essentiality of vanadium.

PMID- 684405
TI  - Microprobe analysis of lead in human femur by proton induced X-ray emission
      (PIXE).
AB  - A method is described for the measurement of the distribution of lead in bone
      tissue. Two cases of human femur have been analyzed; one worker was exposed to
      lead in heavy metal industry, the other case presents a reference worker from the
      same environment not excessively exposed to lead. Lead was determined through
      proton induced X-ray emission using microprobe technique. The mean lead
      concentration in the poisoned and the reference case was 70 and 30 ppm,
      respectively. The reference case showed an even lead distribution in the femur,
      while the poisoned case exhibited peaks in the distribution indicating that
      exposure to lead was not evenly distributed. The described technique has
      potential for microanalysis within the Haversian system for recording the history
      of exposure.

PMID- 684406
TI  - Health officials fired up over "tolerable" cigarettes.

PMID- 684407
TI  - Botulism in infants: a cause of sudden death?

PMID- 684408
TI  - Estrogen-binding sites in endothelial cell cultures.
AB  - The cytosol extracted from a vascular endothelial cell line binds [3H]estradiol
      with high affinity and a high degree of specificity. In contrast, in experiments
      performed with cytosol labeled in the intact cell, progesterone and, to a smaller
      extent, testosterone gave an apparent inhibition of estradiol binding. These data
      support the concept that ovarian hormones may influence the role of the
      endothelium in various physiological and pathophysiological conditions.

PMID- 684409
TI  - Time-resolved resonance raman spectroscopy of hemoglobin derivatives: heme
      structure changes in 7 nanoseconds.
AB  - Resonance Raman spectra of oxyhemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin, carboxyhemoglobin, and
      the corresponding myoglobin derivatives have been obtained with 7-nanosecond
      laser pulses at 531.8 nanometers. The results suggest that no transient
      constraint of the heme group by the globin structure occurs on this time scale,
      and thus establish a temporal sequence for the early events that may participate
      in the stereochemical trigger mechanism of hemoglobin cooperativity.

PMID- 684410
TI  - Allergic orchitis lesions are adoptively transferred from vasoligated guinea pigs
      to syngeneic recipients.
AB  - Histopathology typical of allergic orchitis developed in testes of inbred guinea
      pigs 16 months after vasoligation. A similar histopathology was found in
      unoperated testes after unilateral vasoligation. Peritoneal exudate cells from
      vasoligated guinea pigs transferred identical lesions to syngeneic recipients.
      The testicular lesions in long-term vasoligated guinea pigs have an immunological
      basis.

PMID- 684411
TI  - Vitamin D: two dihydroxylated metabolites are required for normal chicken egg
      hatchability.
AB  - When hens are raised to sexual maturity from hatching with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin
      D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] as their sole source of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3), fertile
      eggs appear to develop normally but fail to hatch. When hens receive a
      combination of 1,25(OH)2D3 and 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [24,25(OH)2D3],
      hatchability equivalent to that with hens given vitamin D3 is obtained. These
      results suggest a biological role for 24,25(OH)2D3 not previously recognized.

PMID- 684412
TI  - Tail pinch versus brain stimulation: problems of comparison.

PMID- 684413
TI  - Ever so cautiously, the FDA moves toward a ban on nitrites.

PMID- 684414
TI  - New smallpox case seems lab-caused.

PMID- 684415
TI  - Mecrowear of mammalian teeth as an indicator of diet.
AB  - Microwear details on teeth of two sympatric species of hyrax are correlated with
      major dietary differences observed in the wild. Grazing (Procavia john-stoni) and
      browsing (Heterohyrax brucei) species can be distinguished. The results show that
      diets of extinct species may be deduced from tooth microwear.

PMID- 684416
TI  - Absence of glycerol teichoic acids in certain oral streptococci.
AB  - Glycerol teichoic acids were not detected immunochemically or chemically in
      phenol-water, hot saline (Rantz and Randall), or supernatant fluids of disrupted
      cells of Streptococcus mitis. Thus teichoic acids do not appear to be found in
      most Gram-positive bacteria, as has been suggested.

PMID- 684417
TI  - Ultraviolet radiation--induced chromosomal abnormalities in fetal fibroblasts
      from New Zealand black mice.
AB  - Fibroblasts from New Zealand Black mouse fetuses manifest increased frequency of
      chromosomal breaks and interchanges after exposure to ultraviolet radiation when
      compared with cells from BABL/c fetuses. This chromosomal instability is similar
      to what has been reported in cells from patients with xeroderma pigmentosum and
      may be related to the chromosomally abnormal clones and malignancy previously
      reported in adult New Zealand Black mice.

PMID- 684418
TI  - Schistosoma mansoni: identification of chemicals that attract or trap its snail
      vector, Biomphalaria glabrata.
AB  - A new bioassay for chemical attractants of aquatic snails demonstrated that
      Biomphalaria glabrata could be attracted to or trapped in the vicinity of
      homogenates of lettuce. Fractionation of homogenates revealed the amino acids
      glutamate and proline and the primary attractants. Attraction was specific for
      the L form of glutamate. Proline appeared to stimulate reproductive activity.
      Glutathione, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and a number of other compounds had no
      effect. Extracts of lyophilized snail tissue also attracted other snails and may
      thus contain pheromones. These results permit formulation and testing of
      controlled-release attractants designed to overcome the repellant effects of slow
      release molluscicides, as well as the design of stimulants to be used with no
      release poisons.

PMID- 684419
TI  - Visual system anomalies in human ocular albinos.
AB  - Visually evoked potentials recorded from two types of human ocular albinos
      demonstrated significant hemispheric asymmetry following monocular stimulation.
      The asymmetry is indicative of disorganization of retinogeniculostriate
      projections similar to that reported for mammals with total albinism. Abnormal
      optic projections are associated with lack of ocular pigment and are not
      associated with any specific generalized pigment defect.

PMID- 684420
TI  - Emission of maternal pheromone.

PMID- 684421
TI  - Plutonium in drinking water: effects of chlorination on its maximum permissible
      concentration.
AB  - Soluble plutonium is oxidized to the Pi(VI) oxidation state by chlorine during
      water treatment. Under certain conditions Pi(VI) is readily absorbed from the
      gastrointestinal tract. It appears that due consideration has not been given to
      the effect that the presence of plutonium in this oxidation state may have on the
      maximum permissible concentration of plutonium in drinking water.

PMID- 684423
TI  - Virulent Naegleria fowleri in an indoor swimming pool.
AB  - A reservoir of pathogenic Naegleria fowleri has been located in the cracked wall
      of a swimming pool where repeated outbreaks of primary amoebic
      meningoencephalitis were observed between 1962 and 1965.

PMID- 684422
TI  - Children absorb tris-BP flame retardant from sleepwear: urine contains the
      mutagenic metabolite, 2,3-dibromopropanol.
AB  - The flame retardant, tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate (tris-BP), which is a
      mutagen and causes cancer and sterility in animals is absorbed from fabric by
      people. 2,3-Dibromopropanol, a metboloite of tris-BP and a mutagen itself, has
      been found in the urine samples of ten children who were wearing or who had worn
      tris-BP-treated sleepwear. Eight of these children were wearing well-washed
      sleepwear and the possibility of absorption of tris-BP from well-washed sleepwear
      discussed. 2,3-Dibromopropanol was not found in the urines of one child and one
      adult who had never worn tris-BP-treated garments.

PMID- 684424
TI  - Selective depression of serum growth hormone during maternal deprivation in rat
      pups.
AB  - Maternal deprivation was associated with a decline in immunoreactive growth
      hormone in the serum of rat pups. Pups that were returned to the mother showed a
      rapid reversal in this deprivation-induced decrease. The change in growth hormone
      concentration was not accompanied by changes in the concentrations of prolactin,
      thyrotropin, or corticosterone in the serum, but were correlated with alteration
      in the activity of ornithine decarboxylase in the brain. Treatment of neonatal
      rat pups with cyprohepatadine, a serotonin antagonist that suppresses growth
      hormone secretion, resulted in a significant decline in both serum growth hormone
      concentration and brain ornithine decarboxylase activity. These findings suggest
      that maternal deprivation elicits a specific suppression of growth hormone
      release which mediates the decrease in ornithine decarboxylase activity. The
      study is consistent with clinical findings of impaired growth hormone
      "responsitivity" in human maternal deprivation syndrome.

PMID- 684425
TI  - Experimental transformation of muscle fiber properties in lobster.
AB  - Like the chelipeds, the claw closer muscles of the adult lobster are asymmetric
      (dipmorphic). In the crusher claw the closer muscle is composed entirely of slow
      fibers, and in the cutter claw it has 65 to 75 percent fast fibers and 25 to 35
      percent slow fibers.  While claw placement in the adult is essentially random, it
      can be demonstrated in two ways that the muscle fiber properties are not
      genetically fixed: (i) if one claw is removed in the fourth and early fifth
      stages, the remaining closer muscle develops all slow muscle fibers, and (ii) if
      the animals are raised in smooth-bottomed containers, both claws can become
      cutter types, having closer muscles with more than 50 percent fast fibers. Thus,
      as in vertebrate skeletal muscle, the properties of lobster closer muscle fibers
      can be transformed by various experimental manipulations.

PMID- 684426
TI  - Rebound insomnia: a new clinical syndrome.
AB  - Rebound insomnia followed the withdrawal of three benzodiazepine hypnotic drugs,
      each of which had been administered in a single nightly dose for only short-term
      periods. The intense worsening of sleep is attributed to the short duration of
      the action of these drugs. A hypothesis involving benzodiazepine receptors in the
      brain is proposed in which there is a delay or lag in replacement of endogenous
      benzodiazepine-like molecules after the abrupt withdrawal of exogenous drugs.

PMID- 684427
TI  - Prolactin binding sites in the rat brain.
AB  - The principles of the competitive-binding assay were used in conjunction with
      light microscopic radioautography to demonstrate specific prolactin binding sites
      localized on ependyma of the rat choroid plexus, a previously unknown prolactin
      target tissue.

PMID- 684428
TI  - Nonhuman models of hereditary porphyrias.

PMID- 684429
TI  - Cancer death risk in hospitalized mental patients.

PMID- 684430
TI  - International cancer congress: AAAS clearinghouse.

PMID- 684431
TI  - Acoustic microscopy: a new window to the world of the small.

PMID- 684432
TI  - The fanconi syndrome in Basenji dogs: a new model for renal transport defects.
AB  - The renal defects resulting in a Fanconi syndrome were seen in eight Basenji dogs
      by measuring renal clearance and in vitro amino acid and sugar uptake and
      performing histopathologic evaluations. Renal tubular handling of glucose,
      phosphate, sodium, potassium, uric acid, and amino acids was abnormal, and in
      vitro uptake of labeled lysine, glycine, and alpha-methyl-D-glucoside by renal
      cortical slices was impaired. Histopathology was normal except for enlarged
      nuclei in some renal tubule cells. These Basenji dogs, which may be genetically
      affected, represent a likely model for idiopathic Fanconi syndrome in humans.

PMID- 684433
TI  - Molecular conformation of a halogen-free thyroxine analog: 4-Methoxy-3,5,3
      trimethyl-L-thyronine N-acetyl ethyl ester.
AB  - The molecular conformation of the halogen-free thyroxine analog 4-methoxy-3,5,3'
      trimethyl-L-thyronine -n-acetyl ethyl ester has been determined by x-ray
      diffraction techniques. The unsubstituted parent compound, trimethylthyronine,
      has significant biological activity in rat thymocyte tests when compared with the
      thyroid hormone 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3). Although no activity data are
      available for the analog studied, it is presumed to be inactive because of the 4
      methoxy blocking group. The observed conformation of this structure is similar to
      that found for the natural hormone T(3). The 3'-methyl group is distal, the
      overall conformation is cisoid, and the diphenyl ether conformation is twist
      skewed. The results of this diffraction study show that methyl substituents are
      capable of maintaining the thyronine conformation required for hormonal activity;
      they suggest that iodine enhances hormone-protein binding because of the
      electronic effects it produces either by alteration of molecular charge
      distributions or by direct charge-transfer interactions with the serum or nuclear
      binding proteins.

PMID- 684434
TI  - Enhancement of oncogenesis in C3H/10T1/2 mouse embryo cell cultures by saccharin.
AB  - Impure and pure samples of saccharin (2 milligrams per milliliter) did not
      produce oncogenic transformation of C3H/10T1/2, clone 8, mouse embryo
      fibroblasts. However, after treatment of the cells with a nontransforming
      initiating dose (0.1 microgram per milliliter) of 3-methylcholanthrene,
      continuous treatment with either sample of saccharin (100 micrograms per
      milliliter) led to significant transformation. It is concluded that in this
      system saccharin is a cocarginogen, probably functioning as a promoting agent
      that is 1000-fold less active than the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol
      13-acetate.

PMID- 684435
TI  - Secretion in mast cells induced by calcium entrapped within phospholipid
      vesicles.
AB  - Purified mast cells secreted histamine when fused to phospholipid vesicles
      containing calcium but not magnesium or potassium. Microscopic observation
      revealed highly localized exocytotic responses involving punctate extrusion of
      individual granules. Calcium delivered from the vesicles to the cytoplasm is
      apparently a sufficient stimulus to initiate exocytosis. The results support the
      calcium hypothesis of stimulus-secretion coupling.

PMID- 684436
TI  - Infantile stimulation induces brain lateralization in rats.
AB  - The hypothesis tested was that the effects of early experiences are
      asymmetrically distributed in the two brain hemispheres. Litters were either
      handled or not handled between birth and weaning, and the weanlings were reared
      in either laboratory cages or enriched environments between 21 and 50 days. When
      approximately 135 days old, animals within each of the four treatment groups had
      a right neocortical ablation, a left neocortical ablation, a sham operation, or
      no surgery. About 1 month later, all animals were given the open-field test for
      emotionality and exploratory behavior. Ablating either the right or left
      neocortex increased the activity scores of nonhandled controls, but there was no
      evidence of lateralization. However, the groups handled in infancy did show
      lateralization. Ablating the left brain did not significantly increase activity,
      but ablating the right brain caused extreme scores: handled rats without
      enrichment experience were the most active, and handled rats also placed into the
      enriched environment had near-zero scores in the open field.

PMID- 684437
TI  - Application of computer technology in nuclear medicine.

PMID- 684438
TI  - Computers in nuclear medicine: introductory concepts.
AB  - Computers play an important role in image and data processing in nuclear
      medicine. Applications extend from relatively simple mathematical processing of
      in vitro specimen assays to more sophisticated image reconstruction procedures
      for emission tomography. The basic concepts and terminology associated with
      computer applications in image and data processing in nuclear medicine are
      presented here.

PMID- 684439
TI  - Computers and quality control in nuclear medicine.
AB  - The general topic of computers and nuclear medicine quality control may be
      approached from two main areas; controlling the quality of computerized studies,
      and computer applications in general nuclear medicine quality control. Overlap
      occurs when quality control of computer studies is performed by the computer
      itself. The uses of computers in record-keeping and in quality control of imaging
      instrumentation and in vitro studies, including radioimmunoassay, are discussed
      in this review. Aspects of quality control for computerized clinical
      cardiovascular, cerebral, and renal studies and emission computed tomography are
      reviewed, including consideration of difficulties and inaccuracies involved in
      the studies. Any automatic computer analysis program should incorporate adequate
      checks and error detection protocols and should illustrate results for
      verification. Current routine quality control procedures using the computer
      unfortunately are few. Quality control criteria are needed for camera/computer
      systems in high count rate clinical applications, and increasing emphasis should
      be aimed at quality control of those computerized dynamic and function studies in
      current clinical use. The computer has a valuable potential for nuclear medicine
      quality control. In vitro and computerized in vivo studies can be analyzed by
      readily available statistical programs, and variances can be monitored
      continuously. Computers can calibrate and monitor instrument performance
      regularly, and can handle managerial and clerical duties such as bookkeeping.

PMID- 684440
TI  - Improvement of scintigrams by computer processing.
AB  - Computer processing can improve the quality of scintigrams in several ways. It
      can increase the accuracy with which the image approximates the activity
      distribution by reversing degradation. It can selectively enhance normal or
      abnormal structures of interest. It can optimize the use of the display system
      presenting the image. The usefulness of computer processing must be determined by
      observer testing and clinical experience. The need to correct distortion in both
      intensity (nonuniformity) and space can be avoided by attention to calibration
      and to the setup of the imaging device employed and by use of the sliding energy
      window technique. Nonuniformity correction, especially for quantitative studies,
      should not be done using a flood field as this may actually decrease accuracy.
      Instead, any necessary correction should employ the sensitivity matrix, which
      measures the variation of sensitivity to a point source with the position of the
      source. Statistical fluctuations (noise) and degradation of resolution are
      commonly corrected using linear, stationary techniques [concepts which are
      defined and developed in the text], but nonstationary techniques appear to be
      frequently more successful at the expense of increased processing time.
      Techniques of choice for pure smoothing are nine-point binomial smoothing and
      variable shape averaging, and those for both sharpening and smoothing (preferred
      for most modern, high-count scintigrams) are unsharp masking, Metz or Wiener
      filtering, and bi-regional sharpening. Structures of interest can be enhanced by
      methods which detect and emphasize changes in local distributions of slope and
      curvature of intensity. High quality display devices are essential to reap any
      benefits from degradation correction. Those devices, which must have
      appropriately high sensitivity and must avoid display artifacts, have become
      available only recently. Use of the display should be matched to the processing
      done. Contrast enhancement, e.g. by histogram qualization, for optimal use for
      each image of the display intensity range, is often helpful. Most scintigram
      processing is done using computers with about 32K 16-bit words. Floating point
      hardware is often useful. Most processing methods require 1-30 seconds on such
      computers and usually under 15 seconds. Processing time tends to be negligible
      compared to time for user specification of the processing to be done, so the
      quality of command languages should be of concern. Careful observer studies using
      phantoms have shown processing to improve detectability of lesions when a single
      display is used for both processed and unprocessed images, but not when
      unprocessed images on standard analog displays are compared to processed images
      on common computer displays...

PMID- 684441
TI  - Application of the computer to rapid dynamic studies.
AB  - Current trends in nuclear medicine to some degree, at least, reflect the level of
      sophistication available in the instrumentation. A technologically oriented
      speciality such as this might be expected to shift emphasis from time to time as
      stepwise advances are made in instrumentation. In its infancy, nuclear medicine
      concentrated on studies that could be accomplished with a single-probe system.
      The introduction of rectilinear scanners made imaging practical and of primary
      concern. Anger's gamma camera made combined static and dynamic studies possible
      using a single instrument--a decided advantage over previous methodology. The
      development of digital acquisition, processing, and display systems has had a
      profound effect on the recently increased emphasis on rapid dynamic studies.
      Computers are currently being applied to a broad range of clinical problems. Data
      preparation routines such as uniformity correction and data bounding often are
      used preliminary to more rigorous mathematical treatment. The development of
      reasonably low-cost, TV-type displays has greatly increased the quality of the
      computer display of the radionuclide imaging process.

PMID- 684442
TI  - Display systems in nuclear medicine.

PMID- 684443
TI  - Automated data processing and radioassays.
AB  - Radioassays include (1) radioimmunoassays, (2) competitive protein-binding assays
      based on competition for limited antibody or specific binding protein, (3)
      immunoradiometric assay, based on competition for excess labeled antibody, and
      (4) radioreceptor assays. Most mathematical models describing the relationship
      between labeled ligand binding and unlabeled ligand concentration have been based
      on the law of mass action or the isotope dilution principle. These models provide
      useful data reduction programs, but are theoretically unfactory because
      competitive radioassay usually is not based on classical dilution principles,
      labeled and unlabeled ligand do not have to be identical, antibodies (or
      receptors) are frequently heterogenous, equilibrium usually is not reached, and
      there is probably steric and cooperative influence on binding. An alternative,
      more flexible mathematical model based on the probability or binding collisions
      being restricted by the surface area of reactive divalent sites on antibody and
      on univalent antigen has been derived. Application of these models to automated
      data reduction allows standard curves to be fitted by a mathematical expression,
      and unknown values are calculated from binding data. The vitrues and pitfalls are
      presented of point-to-point data reduction, linear transformations, and
      curvilinear fitting approaches. A third-order polynomial using the square root of
      concentration closely approximates the mathematical model based on probability,
      and in our experience this method provides the most acceptable results with all
      varieties of radioassays. With this curvilinear system, linear point connection
      should be used between the zero standard and the beginning of significant dose
      response, and also towards saturation. The importance is stressed of limiting the
      range of reported automated assay results to that portion of the standard curve
      that delivers optimal sensitivity. Published methods for automated data reduction
      of Scatchard plots for radioreceptor assay are limited by calculation of a single
      mean K value. The quality of the input data is generally the limiting factor in
      achieving good precision with automated as it is with manual data reduction. The
      major advantages of computerized curve fitting include: (1) handling large
      amounts of data rapidly and without computational error; (2) providing useful
      quality-control data; (3) indicating within-batch variance of the test results;
      (4) providing ongoing quality-control charts and between assay variance.

PMID- 684444
TI  - Fractures and dislocations of the hand and wrist.

PMID- 684445
TI  - Fractures and dislocations of bony pelvis and hip.

PMID- 684446
TI  - Fractures and dislocations around the adult knee.

PMID- 684447
TI  - Fractures and dislocations of the foot.

PMID- 684448
TI  - Problems in pediatric fractures.

PMID- 684449
TI  - Academic careers vs. rural private practice.

PMID- 684450
TI  - Pseudofractures and stress fractures.

PMID- 684451
TI  - Fractures and dislocations about the shoulder.

PMID- 684453
TI  - Standard terminology in computerized tomography.

PMID- 684452
TI  - Fractures and dislocations of the elbow.

PMID- 684454
TI  - Fatty densities on CT.

PMID- 684456
TI  - Computed tomography: a stimulus and challenge for radiology.

PMID- 684455
TI  - Case of the summer season.

PMID- 684457
TI  - Computed tomography of the lung and pleura.

PMID- 684458
TI  - Computed tomography of the liver, spleen, and pancreas.

PMID- 684459
TI  - Computed tomography of the skeletal system.

PMID- 684460
TI  - Computed tomography of the kidneys.

PMID- 684461
TI  - Computed tomography of the face and neck.

PMID- 684463
TI  - Suicide and the renewal of life.

PMID- 684462
TI  - Compulsive gamblers.

PMID- 684464
TI  - Cataract extraction and intraocular lenses.

PMID- 684465
TI  - Multicystic dysplastic kidney: diagnostic considerations and management.
AB  - A protocolled diagnostic approach for assessing various cystic and solid masses
      occurring in the neonate and infant, with particular emphasis on renal masses, is
      described. This protocol uses diagnostic examinations in such a sequence as to
      establish the diagnosis with acceptable confidence by the least invasive
      procedure and, therefore, at minimal cost in time, money, and risk to the
      patient. Early definitive diagnosis permits triage of patients into a group
      benefiting from immediate surgical intervention versus those with entities that
      can safely be followed up expectantly. Moreover, certain diagnostic procedures
      such as antegrade pyelography can be expanded to serve therapeutic purposes as a
      temporizing percutaneous nephrostomy, thus preserving renal parenchyma and
      hopefully improving the general condition of the neonate until a definitive
      surgical procedure can be safely undertaken to correct the underlying deficit.

PMID- 684466
TI  - Pancreatic injury.
AB  - During the ten-year period from 1967 to 1977, 50 cases of pancreatic trauma were
      reviewed. There were 40 gunshot wounds, six stab wounds, and four cases of blunt
      abdominal trauma. Ten of the patients died, a mortality of 20%. The overall
      complication rate was 57%, but only 27% had complications attributable to the
      pancreatic injury. As has been reported by most authors, there is a high
      incidence of associated injuries. In our series only one patient had isolated
      pancreatic injury, while 30% had a major vascular injury, and the mortality for
      this group was 50%. Several methods of treatment were used, but the majority (36
      patients) had drainage alone. The others had either resection (five) or Roux-en-Y
      pancreaticojejunostomy (five). Of particular interest were results of treatment
      of severe injuries to the head of the pancreas. Early in the series two patients
      were treated by pancreaticoduodenectomy and both died within 24 hours. During the
      last year we have treated five similar injuries using a Puestow type of Roux-en-Y
      pancreaticojejunostomy, with one death and no pancreatic complications. At
      present we advocate sump tube drainage for most injuries but rely on a Roux-en-Y
      pancreaticojejunostomy for severe injury to the head of the pancreas rather than
      resection.

PMID- 684467
TI  - Blunt trauma to the pancreas in children.
AB  - Sixteen children below the age of 12 were operated on for blunt injury to the
      pancreas during a ten-year period. Unless there was an associated injury, signs
      and symptoms did not immediately develop. Common to the delayed manifestation of
      an injury to the pancreas was history of an impaling force to the upper abdomen,
      abdominal tenderness, and an elevated serum amylase level. The postoperative
      morbidity for contusion of the pancreas was unpredictable, and a prolonged period
      without oral alimentation should be anticipated.

PMID- 684468
TI  - Mental effects of mercury poisoning.
AB  - Three dentists suffered symptoms of mercury poisoning from the use of this
      substance in the production of amalgam for dental fillings. The problem of
      mercury absorption in dental offices has been well documented in the dental
      literature. The three cases are presented.

PMID- 684469
TI  - Acute acetaminophen intoxication.
AB  - Acetaminophen is a readily available, widely used drug which has been thought
      safer than aspirin. Overdosage which may result in fatal hepatic necrosis is
      commonly seen in the United Kingdom but is rarely reported in the United States.
      In a two-month period, three patients were admitted to a general hospital because
      of acetaminophen overdose, suggesting that this problem may occur more commonly
      than expected. They were successfully treated with N-acetylcysteine. Our
      experience in management of these three patients is presented and the pertinent
      literature concerning diagnosis and treatment of acute acetaminophen intoxication
      in briefly reviewed.

PMID- 684470
TI  - Cytosine arabinoside for varicella zoster: a second look.
AB  - Herpes zoster and disseminated herpes zoster, or varicella (V-Z), continue to be
      dreaded complications of patients with immunosuppression. Currently, there is no
      available therapy for V-Z, except for general supportive measures. Seven cases of
      V-Z are presented, showing the results of cytosine arabinoside administration
      when given as an intermittent intravenous infusion. The results compare favorably
      with previously unsuccessful continuous intravenous infusion. It is suggested
      that further evaluation of the intermittent administration of cytosine
      arabinoside for V-Z would be worthwhile.

PMID- 684471
TI  - Nasal polyposis in children.
AB  - In this study, the cases of patients under age 18 who had been admitted to the
      hospital over a five-year period for nasal polypectomy were reviewed for evidence
      of allergy or other possible predisposing conditions. Two of the children had
      cystic fibrosis and one had Kartagener's syndrome. Of the remaining 21 patients,
      12 (57%) had four or more positive criteria for allergic disease, out of eight
      criteria considered. It is concluded that in the majority of children with nasal
      polyposis, allergy can be implicated as a causative factor.

PMID- 684472
TI  - PPD-tuberculin and PPD-Battey dual skin testing of hospital employees and medical
      students.
AB  - Tuberculin PPD and PPD-Battey skin tests were simultaneously applied to 3,882
      employees of Charity Hospital and 408 medical students at Louisiana State
      University. The PPD was doubtful (5 to 9 mm induration) in 253 of the total 4,290
      persons tested (5.9%). In 86 of these 253 persons, the reaction to PDD-Battey was
      greater than the reaction to PPD, presumably identifying a subpopulation with a
      falsely positive PPD and therefore at considerably lower risk of developing
      future tuberculous disease. Of the 408 medical students (average age 24 years),
      80 (19.6%) were classified by the skin tests as having atypical mycobacterial
      sensitization as compared to six (1.45%) who were classified positive or probably
      positive to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (P less than .001). In the Southeastern
      United States, where the incidence of atypical mycobacterial infection is
      relatively high and occurs at a young age, dual skin testing may have its
      greatest applicability in identifying tuberculous infection when the PPD falls in
      the "doubtful" 5 to 9 mm range.

PMID- 684474
TI  - Freezing an extremity in preparation for amputation.
AB  - Patients requiring a major amputation for ischemia are frequently gravely ill.
      Physiologic amputation obtained by freezing the leg, usually with a tourniquet,
      will permit delay and intensive preoperative therapy. In an efficient, safe, and
      convenient method which we have developed and used in 46 patients, a pump
      circulates antifreeze solution through a specially constructed boot. The last 32
      patients so treated have been analyzed as to indications and results. Advantages
      obtained control of sepsis, correction of diabetic coma, dialysis for chronic
      renal failure, improvement in congestive heart failure, and improvement in
      pulmonary function. Four patients had successful below-knee amputations after
      control of infection that had previously seemed to dictate above-knee amputation.
      The control of pain and odor, the resultant appreciation of the family, and the
      lessened demand on nursing staff offer worthwhile benefits in many of the
      patients, even in some in whom advanced systemic disease prevented survival.

PMID- 684473
TI  - Repair of rectal prolapse: experience with the Ripstein sling.
AB  - Forty-eight patients with rectal prolapse were seen at Ochsner Clinic from 1955
      to 1977. The charts of these patients were reviewed to assess the results of
      treatment and to evaluate a suggested association between rectal prolapse and
      solitary rectal ulcer syndrome. Since 1970 the Ripstein sling procedure has been
      used exclusively to treat those patients with rectal prolapse who are able to
      undergo a transabdominal procedure. We compared the results of this procedure
      with the ones formerly used: perineal (Altemeer), sigmoidectomy, and Thiersch
      procedures. Although the earlier operations for rectal prolapse were associated
      with either a high recurrence or a high complication rate, the Ripstein has both
      a low recurrence and a low morbidity rate: two patients had recurrence and two
      had the sling applied too tightly. The Ripstein procedure was shown to be an
      effective, safe procedure for repair of rectal prolapse, and the result was
      considered satisfactory by 20 of the 21 patients questioned. Regarding the
      association of rectal ulcer and rectal prolapse, we found that, although the
      symptoms of the solitary rectal ulcer syndrome and rectal prolapse are similar,
      they appear to represent a different response to the same stimulus, and the
      syndrome is relatively unabated by repair.

PMID- 684475
TI  - Three-year follow-up study of stroke patients at the Medical College of Virginia.
AB  - Thirty-two patients with recent stroke were followed up for a three-year period.
      Correlation of rehabilitation therapy, survival, and life-style integration is
      discussed. Problems related to physician-patient relationship are emphasized
      including impact of available facilities upon long-term prognosis.

PMID- 684477
TI  - Single coronary artery: recent considerations.
AB  - Although traditionally regarded as a minor congenital variation, a
      reconsideration of the single coronary artery anomaly indicates the potentially
      profound clinical significance of this entity--notably the consequences of
      coronary artery disease, the risk of sudden death at an early age, and the
      technical difficulties presented in cardiac surgery. To this point, it has
      recently been observed that 15% of individuals with isolated single coronary
      artery present with severe cardiac difficulties before age 40 years.

PMID- 684476
TI  - Epidemic rubella in military recruits.
AB  - Between Dec 1 and Feb 18, 1976, 320 cases of rubella occurred among recruits and
      dependent children at two Air Force bases in Illinois and Texas. Only 28 cases
      (9%) were identified in patients aged 17 and under. Routine serosurveilance
      before the outbreak revealed protective immunity in 89.1% of trainees. This
      outbreak emphasizes the changing epidemiology of what was formerly considered a
      childhood illness, and underscores the failure of herd immunity.

PMID- 684478
TI  - Radiation-recall enteritis after actinomycin-D and adriamycin therapy.
AB  - A 22-year-old man developed four episodes of bowel obstruction after radiation
      therapy for a testicular tumor metastatic to retroperitoneal nodes. Each episode
      followed a course of chemotherapy with actinomycin-D or adriamycin. On one
      occasion bowel resection was required and revealed vascular changes compatible
      with radiation injury. The case appears to be an example of radiation recall
      injury involving the small bowel. The decision to use actinomycin-D or adriamycin
      must be weighed against the risk of tissue injury when a predisposition to
      radiation damage is present.

PMID- 684479
TI  - Tetracycline toxicity presenting as generalized vasculitis.
AB  - We believe, then, that our patient represents an infrequently reported form of
      tetracycline toxicity. She developed a picture consistent with multisystem
      involvement, with a positive ANA test. All of the toxic manifestations were
      reversed upon withdrawal of the drug.

PMID- 684480
TI  - Massive oral theophylline poisoning.
AB  - A patient ingested a massive amount of an oral theophylline preparation and
      recovered. The paucity of central nervous system manifestations may have been
      related to the presence of fulminant diarrhea with expulsion of the tablets per
      rectum.

PMID- 684481
TI  - Adrenogenital syndrome: unusual presentation in an adult.
AB  - A case of bilateral testicular tumors thought secondary to hyperplastic adrenal
      rest tissue in an adult with the adrenogenital syndrome is presented. The
      appropriate endocrinologic diagnosis of 21-hydroxylase deficiency was made by
      extensive hormonal assay of serum and urine. Pathologic investigation suggested
      Leydig cell hyperplasia or tumor, but clinical and laboratory response to steroid
      therapy indicated elaboration of androgens from adrenal or adrenal rest sources.
      We believe initial medical therapy is justified in these particular cases.

PMID- 684482
TI  - Disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome after vacuum curettement for
      first trimester abortion.

PMID- 684483
TI  - Systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve caused by sarcoid involving the
      septum.

PMID- 684484
TI  - Tuberous sclerosis in old age.
AB  - A case of tuberous sclerosis without seizures in a 64-year-old man has been
      presented. Typical cutaneous, retinal, and bone lesions were found, along with
      calcifications in the lateral and third ventricle. Tuberous sclerosis is
      generally seen in young patients, though its occurrence in elderly patients has
      been described in the literature. Diagnosis in the present case was delayed. It
      is hoped that reemphasis of this aspect of tuberous sclerosis will lead to a
      prompt diagnosis in similar cases.

PMID- 684485
TI  - Pseudotumor cerebri during treatment for hypothyroidism.

PMID- 684486
TI  - Otitic hydrocephalus.
AB  - This case of otitic hydrocephalus emphasizes a complication of ear disease which
      is rarely seen in modern otologic practice. The diagnosis and treatment of this
      entity have been reviewed in detail. Although the mechanism of this hydrocephalus
      is unknown, several theories have been presented.

PMID- 684487
TI  - Intraoperative aminoglycoside apnea.

PMID- 684488
TI  - Blastomycosis of paranasal sinuses.

PMID- 684489
TI  - More ground rules.

PMID- 684490
TI  - Drugs--and how to use them.

PMID- 684491
TI  - Saline lavage: a rapid, safe, effective method of whole-gut irrigation for bowel
      preparation.
AB  - The standard preparation for cleansing the colon usually involves dietary
      restrictions, purgatives, and enemas. This is time-consuming, often
      uncomfortable, and at times unsuccessful. This study of 37 patients examines the
      efficacy of saline lavage as an alternative method for cleansing the bowel.
      Isotonic sodium chloride solution is passed into the gut via a small nasogastric
      tube. The flush is continued for about four hours, until clear effluent is passed
      per anus. There were no significant complications or variations in weight or
      serum electrolyte values. Patient acceptance was generally excellent. In our
      opinion, this rapid bowel preparation consistently provided a clean bowel so that
      both bowel preparation and colonscopy were accomplished the same day.

PMID- 684492
TI  - Arthroscopic teaching technics.
AB  - Arthroscopy has benefited greatly by the development of the miniaturized
      television camera. Not only is televised arthroscopy a valuable teaching aid, but
      it also promises to shorten and make more efficient many of the necessary
      operative procedures on the knee. A method for accomplishing this is presented.

PMID- 684493
TI  - Thoracic outlet syndrome: a comprehensive evaluation.
AB  - Using various modalities, we analyzed 110 patients with thoracic outlet
      compression syndrome who had extensive evaluation. Nerve conduction velocities
      and Directional Doppler studies are the most useful adjuncts in diagnosis.
      Diagnosis and selection of the proper treatment of these patients will be
      outlined.

PMID- 684494
TI  - Malignant melanoma in children and young adults: effect of diagnostic criteria on
      staging and end results.
AB  - Since the entity of "juvenile melanoma" was first described, many pathologists
      have been reluctant to diagnose malignant melanoma in childhood by pathologic
      criteria alone. In this series of 125 cases, pathologic criteria are used to
      distinguish malignant melanoma of childhood from spindle and epithelioid nevus.
      Among the patients reviewed, 110 cases (86%) occurred between ages 13 and 20
      years, and 15 cases (14%) in children under 12. There were 60 males (54%) and 50
      females (46%) in the older age group, and six males (41%) and nine females (59%)
      in the childhood group. In the 13 to 20 age group, there were 24% head and neck
      primary melanomas, 38% truncal primaries, 30% limb primaries, and 7%
      indeterminate, as opposed to 35% head and neck, 23% truncal, and 41% limb in the
      group under 12. In the 13 to 20 year group, 66% were stage I, 11% stage II, 12%
      stage III, 2% stage IV and 7% indeterminate while in the 12 and under group, 76%
      were stage I, 12% stage III, and 12% stage IV. Mortality rates were 49% for the
      13 to 20 year group and 60% for the 12 and under group.

PMID- 684495
TI  - Small airway disease: comparison of tests in young smokers versus nonsmokers.
AB  - A number of new tests for detection of small airway disease have been developed
      in the past several years. It is hoped that these will prove valuable as
      screening tests to detect those at risk of developing obstructive airway disease.
      We obtained data on the degree of discrimination of single breath nitrogen
      studies (CV/VC, CC/TLC, deltaN2/L), air-He studies (Vmax50), and the maximal
      midexpiratory flow (FEF25-75%) in detecting abnormalities in young smokers. Only
      the CV/VC and CC/TLC significantly separated smokers from nonsmokers, each
      revealing 20% abnormal values in smokers.

PMID- 684496
TI  - Value of routine flow studies in nuclide brain scanning.
AB  - Nuclide brain scanning offers a noninvasive means of obtaining dynamic
      information about intracranial disease. Lesions which could be missed without the
      flow study are described, and other instances in which the differential diagnosis
      is greatly improved by the use of the vascular sequence are demonstrated. We
      recommend the routine use of the flow study when performing brain scans.

PMID- 684497
TI  - Management of low-velocity gunshot wounds of the hand.
AB  - Of 41 consecutive patients with low-velocity gunshot wounds to the hand, 28 were
      treated by superficial debridement of wound edges and 13 were treated by
      meticulous debridement and exploration under operating room conditions. All
      patients received antibiotics. All wounds were closed primarily. Some had small
      drains for 24 to 48 hours. There were no complications of exploration. Of the 28
      patients whose wounds were not explored, 16 had complications or residual
      deficits that required exploration. Hospital stay of the two groups was similar.
      Surgical exploration of low-velocity gunshot wounds to the hand is recommended.

PMID- 684498
TI  - Annotated contract technic: special adolescent groups.
AB  - Fifty-six consecutive adolescent inpatients at the Adolescent Center of Houston
      International Hospital were subjects of a prospective study reviewing the
      efficacy of the Annotated Contract technic. Three primary diagnostic groups
      evolved: adjustment reaction of adolescence (ARA); borderline schizophrenia (BL
      S); and antisocial personality (A-P). Follow-up of 6 to 20 months showed the
      technic overall to be extremely useful for ARA group, useful for BL-S group, and
      of questionable value for A-P group. The contract technic was initially accepted
      by all groups; it was facilitative in family conferences for 89%, 80%, and 56% of
      the ARA, BL-S, and A-P groups respectively. Most patients were able to use the
      contract as a barometer of their own progress; the A-P group used the contract
      largely to ventilate hostilities and/or limit parental demands. Only 18% of the
      ARA, compared to 50% of BL-S and 94% of A-P groups, ultimately ignored the
      contracts altogether. The technic is adaptable for clinical research as well as
      office practice.

PMID- 684499
TI  - Recent experience with tetanus in Alabama.
AB  - In recent years, all cases of tetanus reported in the United States have occurred
      either in unimmunized persons, partially immunized persons, or persons whose
      immunization history was uncertain. We present our experience with three
      unimmunized individuals who acquired this disease. One patient became ill after a
      "clean, minor wound." Present guidelines do not encourage immediate protection
      with human tetanus immune globulin (TIG) for unimmunized patients with this type
      of injury. We believe serious consideration should be given to modification of
      current recommendations to include the more liberal use of TIG, especially in
      nonimmune persons.

PMID- 684500
TI  - Rational management of alcohol withdrawal seizures.
AB  - Phenytoin has traditionally been used for both prophylaxis and acute treatment of
      alcohol withdrawal seizures. With the exception of a well defined subgroup of
      withdrawing patients, this may not be appropriate. Chronic anticonvulsant therapy
      is not indicated without evidence of another underlying seizure diathesis.

PMID- 684501
TI  - Combined use of lithium and diuretics.
AB  - Three cases demonstrating the effects of the combined use of lithium carbonate
      and a diuretic are reported. In each case, the serum lithium level rose, or the
      daily dose was decreased, or both. No clinical problems were noted because of
      careful monitoring and patient education. The renal excretion of lithium is
      reviewed. It is concluded that lithium and diuretics is a safe drug combination,
      if it is necessary to give both drugs.

PMID- 684502
TI  - Blood transfusion practices in surgery: an approach to intrahospital analysis.
AB  - This study presents a two-year experience with the use of methods for the
      intrahospital analysis of surgical blood transfusion practices. Statistical and
      graphic methods were used to classify 21 types of operations (comprising 2,261
      surgical procedures) by patterns of blood requests and usage. Surgical procedures
      were separated into three groups based on the frequency of transfusion. The
      results show that for many procedures careful attention to preoperative diagnoses
      can be very useful in predicting the amount of blood needed for a given surgical
      procedure. Methods described in this paper could be very helpful in reducing
      excess labor and preventing the unnecessary blood wastage which can result from
      improper ordering of blood for surgical procedures.

PMID- 684503
TI  - Vigorous intrathoracic needle aspiration biopsy: a micropathologic technic.
AB  - Modification of intrathoracic needle aspiration using a vigorous technic
      consisting of multiple short, plunging, and rotating movements of the needle tip
      allows retrieval of a micropathologic rather than a cytologic specimen. This
      often facilitates more specific diagnosis and allows pathologists not expert in
      cytology to interpret the results. Increased incidence of transient hemoptysis is
      the only penalty incurred by this technic. The high diagnostic accuracy and
      clinical value of this simple short procedure in 31 patients is emphasized.

PMID- 684504
TI  - Serum lysozyme activity in inflammatory bowel disease.
AB  - Serum lysozyme activity was determined in the sera of 70 patients with
      inflammatory bowel disease by the lysoplate method. Serum lysozyme levels were
      significantly elevated only in patients with Crohn's disease of the small bowel.
      Patients with either granulomatous or ulcerative colitis had serum lysozyme
      values not different from normals, irrespective of activity of their disease.

PMID- 684505
TI  - Total hip replacement in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - In this prospective study, 50 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of rheumatoid
      arthritis had total hip replacement. Preoperatively and at regular intervals
      postoperatively, all patients had evaluation of pain, ambulation, and range of
      motion according to the scale of d'Aubigne and Postel. Follow-up ranged from
      three to seven years, with the average being longer than four years. All patients
      demonstrated significant improvement in these parameters. Specific problems of
      the rheumatoid patient are discussed in detail.

PMID- 684506
TI  - Facial pain from an elongated styloid process (Eagle's syndrome).

PMID- 684507
TI  - Spindle cell lipoma: a benign lipoma variant with potential hazards of diagnostic
      misinterpretation.
AB  - Spindle cell lipoma is a relatively common, recently described benign lipoma
      variant. It demonstrates highly characteristic clinical and pathologic features.
      Knowledge of its existence and features should prevent any misinterpretation of
      its true benign biologic behavior, a pitfall which has unfortunately occurred in
      the past, resulting in poor prognosis and exaggerated modes of therapy.

PMID- 684508
TI  - Cushing's syndrome and functioning adrenal black adenoma.
AB  - A case of functioning adrenal black adenoma with Cushing's syndrome is briefly
      presented. This is the fourth reported case of this particular functioning tumor.
      The other three cases were also associated with Cushing's syndrome. The
      angiographic feature of adrenal venography in our case is identical to ordinary
      adrenal neoplasm and is the first documented roentgenologic study.

PMID- 684509
TI  - Unusual cause of jugular foramen syndrome.
AB  - The jugular foramen syndrome and its more common variants have been described.
      Extramedullary plasmacytoma of the head and neck was discussed and its relation
      to cranial nerve dysfunction was reviewed, with presentation of an unusual case
      of plasmacytoma resulting in a variant of the jugular foramen syndrome.

PMID- 684510
TI  - Coronary aneurysms after a febrile illness: probable mucocutaneous lymph node
      syndrome.
AB  - An autopsy of a probable case of MCLS is described. After 10,000 cases have been
      recorded in Japan, the disease is being recognized in the United States. There
      may be an overlap with infantile periarteritis nodosa. Pathologic studies of
      fatal cases of MCLS diagnosed during life have not been reported in this country.
      Further studies will be necessary to confirm the high incidence of coronary
      arteritis and aneurysms in this country.

PMID- 684511
TI  - Lingual thyroid.
AB  - After 15 years of being asymptomatic, this patient with documented lingual
      thyroid developed a lump in the throat, with dysphagia. Routine thyroid function
      tests were within normal limits, but serum TSH concentration was increased to
      twice normal. On thyroxine therapy TSH levels returned to normal and the symptoms
      were relieved. TSH determinations and suppressive thyroid hormone administration
      play an important role in the management of a patient with lingual thyroid.

PMID- 684512
TI  - Crossed leg palsy in the elderly.

PMID- 684513
TI  - Subcutaneous mastectomy.

PMID- 684515
TI  - Mathematics with a SMILE.

PMID- 684514
TI  - An office study of patient attitudes toward tranquilizing medication.

PMID- 684516
TI  - Rethinking the teacher's role?

PMID- 684517
TI  - [Positive contrast arthrography used in diagnosing patellar chondropathy].

PMID- 684518
TI  - [Radiology of fossa pterygopalatina, (with special reference to tomography)].

PMID- 684519
TI  - [Comments on the diagnosis and treatment of esophageal atresia].

PMID- 684520
TI  - [Unusual blunt thoraco-abdominal polytrauma in a 2 1/2-year-old child].

PMID- 684521
TI  - [Surgical stress in infant newborn].

PMID- 684522
TI  - [Alimentary ileus in childhood].

PMID- 684523
TI  - [Subgaleal hematoma in children].

PMID- 684524
TI  - [Rare injuries of the abdominal organs in neonates].

PMID- 684525
TI  - [Right hemihepatectomy for giant hamartoma of the liver in a child].

PMID- 684526
TI  - [Extensive rhabdomyosarcoma of the pelvic region in 3 1/2-year-old child].

PMID- 684527
TI  - [Omental cyst with acute-abdomen symptoms].

PMID- 684528
TI  - [Gastrointestinal perforation due to blunt abdominal injury in children].

PMID- 684529
TI  - [Percutaneous fixation of adverse dislocated supracondylar fractures of the
      humerus in children].

PMID- 684530
TI  - [Controlled ventilation in the treatment of asthmatic children].

PMID- 684531
TI  - [Legal problems in life-threatening emergency conditions].

PMID- 684532
TI  - [Professional training of surgical assistants].

PMID- 684533
TI  - [Scientific publication and co-authorship].

PMID- 684534
TI  - [A case of retroperitoneal leiomyoma].

PMID- 684535
TI  - [Strangulated hernia of the omental bursa by the foramen of Winslow].

PMID- 684536
TI  - [Instrumental cholangiography in Salmonella carriers].

PMID- 684537
TI  - [A probe for papillosphineterotomy].

PMID- 684538
TI  - [Occurrence and surgical management of complicated cholelithiasis].

PMID- 684540
TI  - [Causes of failures in the surgical management of progressive hemorrhoidal
      syndrome and criteria for correction].

PMID- 684539
TI  - [Acute ischemic conditions of the abdominal organs].

PMID- 684541
TI  - [Cholangiography under constant pressure using an apparatus of own design].

PMID- 684542
TI  - [Reoperation for intra-abdominal hemorrhage].

PMID- 684543
TI  - [Revision of biliary pathways during surgery for acute cholecystitis].

PMID- 684544
TI  - Mammography and after.

PMID- 684545
TI  - A case of erythrophobia.

PMID- 684546
TI  - Hyperglycaemia among vegetarians.

PMID- 684547
TI  - [Tubal pregnancy and the intrauterine device].

PMID- 684548
TI  - Urinary incontinence with prazosin.

PMID- 684549
TI  - Chronic illness in non-institutionalized persons. Part I. Prevalence and
      epidemiology.
AB  - A survey was conducted to investigate the prevalence and epidemiology of chronic
      illness in non-institutionalized persons residing in the Municipality of Cape
      Town. The Black, Coloured and White communities were independently surveyed and
      the standardized prevalence proportions of chronic illness were 24,7/1 000,
      37,4/1 000 and 11,6/1 000 respectively. The epidemiological parameters
      investigated included age, sex, marital status, income, education occupation and
      the associated diseases, and the influence of these factors on the prevalence
      proportions are considered. Methodological problems of chronic illness surveys
      are discussed.

PMID- 684550
TI  - The mismanagement of benign breast disease. A report of 3 cases.
AB  - Three cases are presented of complications after bilateral subcutaneous
      mastectomy with immediate prosthetic replacement, performed for benign breast
      disease in women who ranged in age from 24 to 32 years, by surgeons outside the
      field of plastic surgery. This article is submitted as a plea to curb a rapidly
      increasing tendency by general surgeons to perform a basically mutilating
      operation on young women with benign breast disease.

PMID- 684552
TI  - Life change with college grades as a role-performance variable.

PMID- 684551
TI  - Primary sarcoma of the gallbladder. A case report.
AB  - Primary sarcoma of the gallbladder was encountered in only 1 patient in a 5-year
      period during which primary carcinoma of the gallbladder was diagnosed in 1,8% of
      954 surgically resected gallbladders and in 0,5% of 2 230 autopsies. The autopsy
      findings of the patient are described.

PMID- 684553
TI  - Deviance and sanctioning within small groups.

PMID- 684554
TI  - Changes in food expenditures, 1969--73: findings from the retirement history
      study.
AB  - From 1969 to 1973, average expenditures for food at home reported by Retirement
      History Study respondents increased by almost the same proportion--30 percent--as
      did the food component of the consumer price index. Changes in these expenditures
      were not very responsive to changes in income, but income had greater power in
      explaining total food expenditures. The analysis was based largely on a
      regression technique that identifies the factors most important in explaining the
      variation in food expenditures. Size of household was the most important
      predictor of both the total level of household food expenditures and the per
      person level. Residence (urban, rural nonfarm, and farm), a proxy variable for
      home-produced food, was also generally significant. With size of household and
      income taken into account, a number of socioeconomic variables--including race,
      sex, age, morale, health, education, and homeownership--were found not
      significant.

PMID- 684555
TI  - Israel's program revision for families with children.

PMID- 684556
TI  - Selection and preliminary characterization of cycloleucine-resistant CHO cells
      affected in methionine metabolism.
AB  - Cycloleucine is in vivo a potent inhibitor of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)
      biosynthesis and subsequent methylation reactions in somatic mammalian cells.
      Cycloleucine-resistant (CLr) clones were isolated from CHO cells by single-step
      selection. Their phenotype was stable when they were grown in the absence of
      drug. These clones appeared randomly in cultures at the frequency of 5 x 10(
      6)/cell/generation, as determined by a fluctuation test. EMS mutagenesis did not
      significantly increase this frequency. The cycloleucine-resistant phenotype was
      codominant in intraspecific hybrids. Cycloleucine-resistant clones showed
      increased SAM pools; on the contrary, methionine pools were not significantly
      affected in these clones when compared to the wild-type cells. This increased SAM
      production was correlated with an increase of methionine adenosyltransferase
      (MAT) SPECIFIC ACTIVITY IN RESISTANT CLONES UNDER VARIOUS GROWm. The mechanism of
      posttranscriptional control of MAT biosynthesis was not affected in the
      cycloleucine-resistant clones nor were the kinetic properties of the enzyme
      modified. The genetic or epigenetic origin of this resistance mechanism is
      discussed.

PMID- 684557
TI  - Evidence for structural gene alterations affecting aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in
      CHO cell mutants and revertants.
AB  - Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (aaRS) activities in extracts of mutant strains of the
      Chinese hamster ovary line (CHO) were examined for alterations in thermal
      stability. Mutants having low activity for MetRS, AsnRS, or GlnRS contained aaRSs
      that were inactivated much more rapidly upon heating than those from wild-type
      cells. Revertant lines, isolated from cultures of these mutants (Asn-5, Met-2,
      and Gln-2) after treatment with nitrosoguanidine or ethyl methanesulfonate, had
      thermolabilities intermediate between mutant and wild-type, and consistently had
      higher activities than the mutants. With a modified in vivo aminoacylation
      procedure, two previously exceptional mutants. Arg-1 and His-1, showed pronounced
      reductions in the amount of arginyl-tRNA or histidyl-tRNA, respectively, under
      restrictive conditions, compared to wild type. Revertants of Arg-1 (like the
      mutant itself) had no measurable ArgRS in vitro activity (less than 0.4% of wild
      type) although in vivo aminoacylation in the one revertant tested was partially
      restored. These data provide evidence that the forward mutations have occurred in
      the structural genes of the aaRSs and that most of the reversions are probably
      the result of second-site point mutations in the aaRS genes.

PMID- 684558
TI  - Induced segregation of human syntenic genes by 5-bromodeozyuridine + near-visible
      light.
AB  - Chromosome-breaking agents have been used in two different procedures for
      promoting segregation of syntenic genes on human chromosome 12. In method A, a
      human-Chinese hamster cell hybrid containing the single human chromosome 12 was
      treated either with 5-bromodeoxyuridine BrdU + near-visible light or with X-rays.
      In method B, normal human fibroblasts were treated with BrdU + near-visible light
      followed by their fusion with a Chinese hamster glycine-requiring cell mutant CHO
      K1/gly-A. Since the human complementing gene for serine hydroxymethyltransferase,
      an enzyme deficient in gly-A, lies on human chromosome 12, only those hybrids
      retaining that chromosome can survive the glycine-free medium. Clones isolated
      from both procedures were analyzed for the loss or retention of four other
      syntenic genes on chromosome 12, TPI, GAPD, LDH B, and PepB. The results
      demonstrate that method B is much more effective in generating clones with
      extensive marker losses. In addition, the segregation pattern and frequency
      obtained in this study provided information on the linear order of TPI and GAPD
      on chromosome 12.

PMID- 684559
TI  - Evaluation of screening programs for the early diagnosis of breast cancer.

PMID- 684560
TI  - Current use of steroid hormone receptor assays in the treatment of breast cancer.

PMID- 684561
TI  - The value of adrenalectomy in patients with metastatic breast cancer.

PMID- 684562
TI  - Hypophysectomy for stage IV breast cancer.
AB  - Transnasal, transsphenoidal microsurgical hypophysectomy is a useful therapeutic
      procedure for patients with Stage IV breast cancer which can be peformed in
      selected patients with minimal morbidity and mortality. Functionally complete
      hypophysectomy can be accomplished with regularity, and anything less than this
      is considered to be a technical failure despite the fact that remissions may
      occur after incomplete hypophysectomy. In view of the recent outstanding results
      with antiestrogen therapy in patients with breast cancer, we recommend this as
      the initial treatment in those patients who are good candidates for endocrine
      therapy. Hypophysectomy has been shown to induce improvement after antiestrogen
      treatment, particularly in those patients who have had an initial response to
      antiestrogens as well as in a few patients who failed to benefit. Estrogen
      receptor measurements in the tumor tissue have been shown to be useful in
      selecting patients for hypophysectomy as well as for antiestrogen therapy.
      Prolactin receptors have been found in about 50 per cent of human breast cancers,
      and their potential usefulness in selecting patients for hypophysectomy is being
      explored. Hypophysectomy is a definitive therapeutic procedure that should not be
      used as a last resort in the terminally ill patient.

PMID- 684563
TI  - Breast reconstruction following mastectomy.

PMID- 684564
TI  - The rhomboid flap and partial mastectomy.
AB  - The use of a rhomboid flap in segmented breast resection is described. This
      reconstructive technique allows large areas of the breast to be resected with
      minimal deformity and nipple-areola displacement.

PMID- 684565
TI  - Pulmonary effects of intravenous fluid therapy in burn resuscitation.

PMID- 684566
TI  - Radionuclide scans in staging of carcinoma of the lung.
AB  - Radionuclide scans are relatively accurate, non-invasive, diagnostic tools when
      used in patients with carcinoma of the lung with clinically suspected metastases.
      Their role as a screening or staging procedure in patients without signs or
      symptoms of metastases is less clear. Brain scans in asymptomatic patients have a
      low yield. Liver scans done in the absence of hepatomegaly or elevated liver
      function tests show a high per cent of false-negative and negative results. Bone
      scans appear to be of considerable value in patients with or without clinical
      evidence of metastases, in spite of limitations imposed by frequent false
      positive results.

PMID- 684567
TI  - The value of duodenal bile examination in the evaluation of persistent pain in
      the upper part of the abdomen.

PMID- 684569
TI  - The problem of adherence in dressed wounds.
AB  - Adherence of the wound dressing is an avoidable problem. Use of the three layered
      dressing, proper construction of the dressing, knowledgeable and judicious
      selection of dressing components and reasonably frequent changing of dressings
      will prevent adherence from developing.

PMID- 684568
TI  - Mesenteric cysts in infancy and childhood.
AB  - Of 11 infants and children with mesenteric cysts, seven patients were boys and
      four, girls. Clinical findings included abdominal distention, pain and vomiting
      in seven patients, while a movable abdominal mass was noted in four. Two patients
      presented with peritonitis and one patient, in a state of shock. All patients
      underwent laparotomy-seven as an emergency procedure. Volvulus with perforation
      and infarction was noted in the two patients uith peritonitis. Excision of the
      cyst required resection of the small intestine and end-to-end anastomosis in
      seven patients, while simple enucleation was possible in four. All 11 patients
      survived, and there have been neither subsequent complications nor recurrences.
      Early recognition and appropriate resection of these benign, but occasionally
      life-threatening, malformations is associated with an excellent long term
      prognosis.

PMID- 684570
TI  - Effect of diminished distal blood flow on the morphologic changes in autogenous
      vein grafts.
AB  - Histologic changes in canine autogenous femoral veins were studied after
      interposition into the femoral artery. After a 50 per cent reduction of distal
      blood flow, marked fibrosis of the intima, causing narrowing of the intima and
      focal destruction of the internal elastic membrane and media, were found in the
      vein graft and the adjacent arterial segment. These changes are probably due to
      abnormal intraluminal pressure of femoral artery and interposed vein graft
      following constriction.

PMID- 684571
TI  - The use of serial carcinoembryonic antigen determinations to predict recurrence
      of carcinoma of the colon and the time for a second-look operation.
AB  - Our patients have demonstrated that serial carcinoembryonic antigen
      determinations contributed to the detection of recurrent tumor and that
      shortening the delay between carcinoembryonic antigen elevation  and reoperation
      has resulted in an increase from 27 to 78 per cent in instances of resectable
      recurrent tumor encountered. If these results continue to be substantiated, the
      carcinoembryonic antigen assay has made a significant contribution in the control
      of this disease. Serial carcinoembryonic antigen assays should be performed every
      two months. All benign inflammatory conditions that cause carcinoembryonic
      antigen elevations must be searched for, and ruled out, before reoperation is
      decided upon. The physician must be cognizant not only of the significance of the
      assay but also of the limitations, and he must rely heavily on his clinical
      judgment.

PMID- 684572
TI  - The effect of age on the distensibility of the abdominal aorta of man.
AB  - The variation with age in distensibility and the dimensions of the abdominal
      aorta at the bifurcation have been measured in 43 fresh human cadavers. The age
      range was from birth to 69 years, both sexes being represented. Patients with
      vascular disease were excluded. Barium sulfate infused into the aorta through an
      iliac artery enabled the change in diameter to be measured from a roentgenogram
      with change in pressure. Incremental strain value could thus be calculated.
      Strain value increased from 0.02 at birth to a maximum at the end of the first
      decade of life and then decreased to less than 0.01 by the age of 70 years.
      Aortas in the age group of four to 11 years showed less stiffness with increasing
      pressure than at other ages. Variations of strain with age correlate with
      alterations in the ratio of aortic wall collagen to elastin in the young. An
      increase in the thickness of the wall and an atheroma, in response to prolonged
      hemodynamic stress, account for increased stiffness in the older age groups.
      Other age and disease factors may play a part, but further work is required in
      man to examine the role of relative wall thickness, elastic modulus and
      alteration in wall structure in determining the variation of aortic
      distensibility with age reported herein.

PMID- 684573
TI  - Reassessment of the surgical scrub.
AB  - This study was designed to reassess the efficacy and necessity of the
      preoperative ten minute, two brush scrub method currently required for all
      personnel at this hospital. Three scrub methods-the tem minute, two brush
      technique with an iodophor, Betadine surgical scrub; a five minute, no brush
      iodophor scrub with a new iodophor iodine scrub, and a three minute, no brush
      scrub with plain soap and Septisol Foam-were compared. Fingertip culture results
      obtained prescrub, immediately postscrub and one hour after wearing gloves
      revealed no significant differences in the three methods. The findings suggest
      that, one hour after scrubbing, a shorter, no brush scrub procedure with any of
      the antiseptics used in this study is as effective in reducing bacterial growth
      of the hands as the standard longer two brush method. By deletion of the use of
      scrub brushes and the improved efficiency from the reduced scrub time alone with
      the additional less likelihood of skin trauma and dermatitis, substantial
      financial savings may be realized.

PMID- 684574
TI  - Preoperative and postoperative enzyme changes in patients with gallstones.

PMID- 684575
TI  - Urolithiasis in patients with a jejunoileal bypass.
AB  - Five hundred and seventeen patients who had a jejunoileal bypass performed at the
      University of Minnesota Hospitals were studied with regard to the formation of
      urinary calculi postoperatively. A 9 per cent incidence of stones was found in
      the 365 patients for whom complete data were available. Men were affected more
      commonly than women. Of particular note was the correlation between long term
      oral supplementation of calcium postoperatively and a delay in the onset of
      symptomatic urolithiasis. A group of 91 recent patients who have been maintained
      on orally administered calcium are stone-free as long as 12 months after
      operation, again suggesting that supplementation of calcium may help prevent
      urolithiasis in patients who have had a bypass procedure.

PMID- 684576
TI  - Generalized infective peritonitis.
AB  - A mortality of almost 50 per cent from generalized infective peritonitis was
      obtained. Diagnosis was made chiefly on clinical grounds. Delay was common.
      Investigations were primarily useful in determining the degree of metabolic
      derangement. A worsened prognosis could be predicted by several factors assessed
      preoperatively. The usual cause of death was continuing intraperitoneal sepsis.
      This was manifest as multisystem failure in an intensive care environment.
      Abdominal signs of this infection were infrequent.

PMID- 684577
TI  - Carotid endarterectomy and common sense.

PMID- 684578
TI  - Roux-en-y diversion.

PMID- 684579
TI  - Roux-en-y diversion.

PMID- 684580
TI  - Longitudinal arteriotomy for femoral thromboembolectomy.

PMID- 684581
TI  - Gray scale ultrasonography and rose bengal scintigraphy in the evaluation of the
      patient with jaundice.
AB  - In our experience, the ultrasonic examination should be the procedure of choice
      in the initial investigation of the patient with jaundice. It is independent from
      liver function and a noninvasive test which can be performed rapidly; in
      addition, the cause of extrahepatic obstruction can often be determined
      preoperatively. In our study, in many patients, the rose bengal scintigram has
      been indeterminate and has not been helpful in predicting whether obstructive or
      nonobstructive jaundice exists. Rose bengal scintigraphy appears to be of most
      help only in those patients in whom an adequate sonographic examination cannot be
      performed. Newer imaging agents currently being developed may prove to be more
      satisfactory in the future.

PMID- 684582
TI  - Changes induced in the epithelial surface of the vas deferens by vasectomy of
      long standing.

PMID- 684583
TI  - Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in the diagnosis and management of
      nonalcoholic pancreatitis.
AB  - Twenty-eight consecutive patients with idiopathic pancreatitis were studied.
      Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was diagnostic in 21 of 28, while
      an operation was diagnostic in four of the remaining seven patients. Fifteen of
      25 patients had operable disease of the gallbladder, common bile duct, ampulla of
      Vater or pancreatic duct. Of ten patients who had an operation on the pancreas or
      biliary tract, or both, for painful attacks of pancreatitis, none had a
      recurrence in a seven month to three year follow-up study. Two patients had
      reconstruction of the pancreatic duct for chronic painless steatorrhea, one of
      whom had marked clinical improvement. Ten of 25 patients had normal biliary
      tracts with normal or minimally abnormal pancreatic ducts and were treated
      medically. Visualization of biliary and pancreatic ducts should be attempted by
      endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in patients with pancreatitis of
      unknown cause. Operable lesions were found in 15 of 25 patients, and the
      postoperative results were excellent.

PMID- 684584
TI  - An experimental study of end-to-side microvascular anastomosis.
AB  - Forty-nine end-to-side arterial anastomoses were carried out in dogs. The
      saphenous artery was anastomosed to the femoral artery. Variations in technique
      were made regarding the shape of the aperture in the large artery and in the
      incident angle of the small artery. Blood flow was measured in the immediate
      postoperative period with electromagnetic flowmeters on the saphenous and femoral
      arteries. There was no significant difference in flow between each of the four
      types of anastomoses studied. In each of the flow was slightly, but not
      significantly, higher than the preoperative level.

PMID- 684585
TI  - Effect of biliary diversion on exocrine pancreas.
AB  - An experimental study was conducted on the effect of bile diversion on exocrine
      pancreatic function. Twelve dogs were divided into three groups, one group
      consisting of a choledochojejunostomy; one, a choledochoduodenostomy, and one, a
      choledochocholedochostomy. In each group, exocrine pancreatic function was
      observed before and two months after the operation. With combined secretin and
      pancreozymin infusion, a significant decrease in the rate of flow, bicarbonate
      concentration and amylase output was seen only after choledochojejunostomy. The
      function of the exocrine pancreas was markedly decreased late in the period of
      stimulation. Contrariwise, no pancreatic dysfunction was noted after
      choledochoduodenostomy or choledochocholedochostomy. The high incidence of peptic
      ulcer formation after choledochojejunostomy might be closely connected with the
      postoperative impairment of exocrine pancreatic function.

PMID- 684586
TI  - Conversion of jejunoileal bypass to gastric bypass to maintain weight loss.
AB  - We have performed jejunoileal bypass procedures in 114 patients during the last
      nine years. Seven of these patients have had complications develop that required
      restoration of normal gastrointestinal continuity. In the last four patients in
      our series, we have performed a gastric exclusion operation at the same time that
      normal anatomy of the small intestine was restored. These operations lasted only
      three and one-half hours and were performed without difficulty and without
      postoperative coomplication. The metabolic derangements have been corrected and
      weight loss has been maintained. We believe that the gastric bypass provides the
      surgeon with an effective additional option in managing patients with serious
      complications of their jejunoileal bypass that necessitates restoration of
      intestinal continuity.

PMID- 684587
TI  - Optimal hematocrit value in critically ill postoperative patients.
AB  - Failling hematocrit values are traditionally used to observe the course of active
      bleeding, since hematocrit values usually reflect acute blood losses. However,
      evidence from the literature suggests that, after volume replacement, some degree
      of normovolemic hemodilution may be desirable and that return to normal
      hematocrit values is not necessarily the appropriate goal of transfusion therapy.
      The optimal hematocrit value was defined empirically by three methods in a series
      of 94 critically ill postoperative patients. First, the mortality rates of
      postoperative patients were lowest with hematocrit values between 27 and 33 per
      cent. Second, mortality rates were examined when both hematocrit values and the
      important cardiorespiratory variables were reduced; significantly increased
      mortalties occurred when hematocrit values were less than an average of 32 per
      cent. Finally, oxygen availability and oxygen consumption increased significantly
      after whole blood and packed red cell transfusions were given when hematocrit
      values were less than 32 per cent but not above 33 per cent. When accurate blood
      volume measurements are not available, hematocrit values of 32 per cent are
      optimal; when volume therapy is indicated, blood may be given with hematocrit
      values less than 32 per cent, crystalloids or colloids are preferred with
      hematocrit values greater than 32 per cent.

PMID- 684588
TI  - Blood volume and hemodynamic changes in relation to extensive vascular
      operations.
AB  - In 37 patients without cardiopulmonary insufficiency, postoperative changes in
      blood volume have been correlated to changes in the systemic and the central
      circulation. Postoperatively, the blood volume had decreased an average of 8 per
      cent, and diastolic blood pressure, 7 per cent, while cardiac index had increased
      14 per cent and heart rate, 16 per cent. No significant changes could be
      demonstrated in pulmonary artery pressures, central venous pressure or invascular
      resistance. A highly significant correlation between the blood volume and
      pulmonary artery pressures and a significant correlation between the blood volume
      and central venous pressure were noted. Hematocrit was negatively correlated to
      vascular resistance. It is concluded that an unchanged blood volume during the
      first postoperative hours results in increased pulmonary artery pressures and
      central venous pressure. Therefore, in patients suspected of having increased
      pulmonary artery pressures, complete restoration of blood volume should take
      place over some hours postoperatively. An increase in hematocrit over normal
      values should be avoided.

PMID- 684589
TI  - To improve the yield of biopsy of the lymph nodes.
AB  - The diagnostic yield of 290 biopsies of thee lymph nodes performed between 1970
      and 1974 was reviewed. A specific diagnosis was made in 63 per cent. In 10 per
      cent, the working diagnosis preoperatively was changed because of the biopsy.
      There was no significant variance in the postive yield obtained at the various
      biopsy sites. The surprisingly high yield from biopsy of inguinal lymph nodes was
      ascribed to a greater hesitancy on the part of th surgeon to do a biopsy of the
      nodes in the groin, unless they were strongly suggestive of disease. The highest
      yield rates were obtained when Boeck's sarcoidosis was suspected. Excellent yield
      rates were also obtained when the preoperative diagnosis was lymphoma or
      metastatic carcinoma. A protocol for handling the specimen was devised to
      maximize the potential yield of biopsy of the lymph nodes.

PMID- 684590
TI  - Plasma oncotic pressure during and after blood exchange with crystalline
      hemoglobin solution.

PMID- 684591
TI  - Preserved saphenous vein allografts for vascular access.
AB  - Preserved venous allografts were used as an alternate access procedure in 70
      patients receiving dialysis during a three year period. The clinical experience
      with allograft fistulas revealed an extremely high initial patency rate; absence
      of infection postoperatively and during three years of dialysis; suitability for
      dialysis a week after implantation, thus greatly obviating the need for Silastic
      shunts; a low long term thrombosis rate and the weakly antigenic allograft veins
      produced no accelerated rejection of subsequently transplanted kidneys. Surviving
      patients average 172 dialysis treatments per allograft. Allograft fistulas
      constituted 45 per cent of the last 100 vascular procedures, an indication of the
      extent of usage. Microscopic examination of grafts retrieved from patients who
      died during the late follow-up period demonstrated that structural components of
      the wall of the vein were still identifiable. Allograft venous fistulas offer
      dependable, safe vascular access, especially in the infection prone patient with
      diabetes who is receiving dialysis treatment. The clinical results of allograft
      fistulas suggests a major role for this technique in vascular access operations.

PMID- 684592
TI  - Simultaneous treatment of portal hypertension and hepatic cirrhosis by
      splenohepatoplasty.
AB  - A study was done on the action of splenohepatoplasty upon intrahepatic and
      prehepatic portal hypertension. Portal hypertension was induced Wistar rats
      following the establishment of cirrhotic conditions. Hepatic cirrhosis was
      obtained in these rats by an oral, daily dose of tioacetamide during a four and
      five month period. Prehepatic hypertension was produced in dogs by the
      installation of a rubber cylinder, completely covered by cellophane paper, around
      the trunk of the vena porta. This procedure brought about a progressive
      compression of the vena porta. The application of splenoheptoplasty is a highly
      valuable treatment for portal hypertension as a derivative system and for
      intrahepatic portal hypertension as a derivative regenerative system.

PMID- 684593
TI  - Surgical leukemia.
AB  - The experience of the University of Colorado Medical Center affiliated hospitals
      with leukemic reticuloendotheliosis, hairy cell leukemia, during the past two
      years has been reviewed. Eight instances were found. The majority of patients in
      this study presented with fatigue, pancytopenia and splenomegaly. Diagnosis was
      based upon finding characteristic hairy cells in the blood, bone marrow or
      spleen. Treatment, unlike other hematopoietic malignant conditions, was primarily
      surgical, with splenectomy being the treatment of choice, which may lead to
      prolonged remission in the majority of instances.

PMID- 684594
TI  - Effect of glucose-insulin-postassium on survival in experimental endotoxic shock.

PMID- 684595
TI  - Monitoring postoperative grafted vessel patency.

PMID- 684596
TI  - Reversal of saphenous vein grafts in the leg.

PMID- 684597
TI  - Oral antibiotics in elective colorectal operations.

PMID- 684598
TI  - Cure of chronic perineal sinus with gluteus maximus flap.

PMID- 684599
TI  - Technique for anterior hemipylorectomy.

PMID- 684600
TI  - Choledochal cyst.
AB  - From the review of the literature it would seem that excision as the most
      appropriate method of treatment is generally preferred to the internal drainage
      procedures. Despite the strong arguments in favor of primary excision,
      approximately two-thirds of patients undergoing Rouxen-Y
      choledochocystojejunostomy experience excellent results in both the short and
      long term follow-up periods. There is much to be said for recommending the Roux
      en-Y choledochocystojejunostomy as the primary method of treatment of choledochal
      cysts, especially when the procedure is undertaken by inexperienced surgeons, and
      to reserve excision for those patients who have complications.

PMID- 684601
TI  - Oligodendrogliomas in children.
AB  - Oligodendrogliomas are quite uncommon in children. In a 41-year period (1935 to
      1975) in Connecticut, 12 histologically verified cases of oligodendrogliomas were
      noted in persons less than 20 years of age, constituting between 1% and 2% of all
      primary intracranial neoplasms in Connecticut children. Eleven of the neoplasms
      occurred in the cerebral hemispheres; these cases of cerebral oligodendrogliomas
      were reviewed and analyzed.

PMID- 684602
TI  - Arachnoid cysts of the middle cranial fossa: surgical considerations.
AB  - Three cases of arachnoid cysts of the middle cranial fossa are presented. CT
      imaging before and after peritoneal shunting of these cysts demonstrates the
      therapeutic value of this cerebrospinal fluid diversionary procedure. Many
      important facets of this disease such as cyst genesis, histology, natural history
      and other forms of therapy as reported by various authors in the recent
      literature are discussed.

PMID- 684603
TI  - Experimentally induced cerebral aneurysms in rats.
AB  - Saccular cerebral aneurysms were successfully induced in rats treated with beta
      aminopropionitrile, deoxycorticosterone and salt hypertension and ligation of
      unilateral common carotid artery. This experiment was performed on the hypothesis
      that if hemodynamic stresses were increased on the fragile, cerebral arterial
      wall of beta-aminopropionitrile-fed animals, cerebral aneurysms might be
      produced. Although the incidence of cerebral aneurysms was low and the
      contributory mechanisms of these procedures must be more clearly elucidated, the
      present results show that saccular cerebral aneurysms are really inducible in
      experimental animals.

PMID- 684604
TI  - Effect of duration of acute spinal cord compression in a new acute cord injury
      model in the rat.
AB  - The effect of duration of acute compression of the spinal cord was assessed in a
      new model in the rat. The spinal cord was acutely compressed for varying times by
      a modified aneurysm clip which produced a compression force of 180 grams. The
      effect of duration of compression was measured by the inclined plane method of
      assessing the animals' clinical performance. The results showed a linear
      relationship between log compression time and clinical performance. Thus, the
      clinical effect of acute compression of the spinal cord injury is inversely
      related to duration of compression time and the relationship has been precisely
      quantified. These results suggest that persisting compression should be relieved
      as soon as possible in order to improve recovery.

PMID- 684605
TI  - Another breakthrough.

PMID- 684606
TI  - Movement of cerebrospinal fluid within the craniospinal space when sitting up and
      lying down.
AB  - Postural changes in the lumbar cerebrospinal fluid pressure were recorded in
      patients with and without a cervical obstruction of the subarachnoid space. In
      patients with a free communication there was a rapid caudad movement of CSF on
      sitting up and a craniad movement on lying down. The relation of these changes to
      cerebral blood volume and to symptoms are discussed.

PMID- 684607
TI  - Pathological studies of spinal nerve ganglia in relation to intractable
      intercostal pain.
AB  - Pathological examination, by light and electron microscopy, of spinal nerve
      ganglia surgically removed in treatment of intractable intercostal pain, has
      shown changes in sensory cells, whether the etiology of the pain has been trauma
      related to intercostal nerve, or infection by herpes zoster virus. The possible
      role of the sensory cell changes in accounting for causalgic type pain is
      discussed.

PMID- 684608
TI  - Experimental spinal cord trauma, I: Correlation of blood flow, tissue oxygen and
      neurologic status in the dog.
AB  - Spinal cord blood flow and tissue oxygen were measured concurrently in a series
      of paraplegic dogs subjected to experimental spinal cord trauma. Injury to the
      spinal cord sufficient to cause clinical paraplegia is associated with a
      significant (P less than 0.01) decrease in blood flow in the central spinal cord
      from 15.2 to 6.1 ml/min/100gms at two to three hours following injury. Also, at
      two and three hours post-injury, paraplegic dogs demonstrate a significant (P
      less than 0.01) decrease in tissue oxygen levels from 35-39 mm Hg to 17-24 mm Hg.
      No significant changes occurred in systemic blood pressure or carotid blood flow.
      A delay often precedes the significant onset of blood flow and tissue oxygen
      alterations, which suggests that therapeutic efforts could be directed during
      this critical interval.

PMID- 684609
TI  - Immediate immobilization of fractured spines.

PMID- 684610
TI  - Cimetidine and gastric blood flow.
AB  - The influence of cimetidine on blood flow to the gastric corpus and antrum of the
      dog was studied using the double isotope microsphere distribution technique. This
      H2 receptor antagonist caused no changes in blood flow to any portion of the
      stomach nor did it alter systemic circulatory parameters. The therapeutic effects
      of cimetidine in diffuse gastric mucosal bleeding depend on some factor other
      than microcirculatory changes.

PMID- 684611
TI  - Whole blood vs. packed red cells for resuscitation of hemorrhagic shock: an
      examination of host defense parameters in dogs.
AB  - Whole blood vs. packed red cells for resuscitation of acute blood loss in dogs
      was compared with respect to a number of variables of host defense. Dogs
      subjected to a controlled blood loss equal to 8% of their body weight exhibited
      significant depressions in serum protein, C3, IgG, and total opsonic activity
      when resuscitated with packed red cells in saline. No such depression in serum
      components or activity was observed in identically bled dogs resuscitated with
      whole blood. There were no differences in the rate of clearance of intravenously
      injected bacteria indicating an intact reticuloendothelial system (RES) function
      in both groups. These experiments suggest that whole blood may be preferable to
      packed cells for resuscitation of acute hemorrhagic shock when the effect on
      resistance of infection is considered.

PMID- 684612
TI  - The prevention of peptic ulceration by highly selective vagotomy in a new peptic
      ulcer experimental model: the bile duct-ligated pig.
AB  - Bile duct ligation produced gross peptic ulceration of the pars esophagea of the
      stomach, with a 70% mortality rate from hemorrhage or perforation. The situation
      and histological appearance of the ulcers was identical to the peptic ulcers that
      occur spontaneously in pigs. Previous work has shown that these ulcers are
      associated with gastric hypersecretion. The technique of highly selective
      vagotomy was established in the pig and was shown to have no short-term adverse
      effects. In a group of 10 pigs, highly selective vagotomy virtually eliminated
      pars esophageal peptic ulceration and significantly prolonged survival after bile
      duct ligation. The bile duct-ligated pig experimental peptic ulcer model should
      be of value in studying peptic ulceration and methods of treatment. Further
      investigation is required to determine the cause of death in those animals in
      which peptic ulceration is prevented by treatment, such as highly selective
      vagotomy.

PMID- 684613
TI  - Hormones and the pathophysiology of fibrocystic mastopathy: elevated luteinizing
      hormone levels.
AB  - Serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH),
      prolactin, testosterone, estrone, and estradiol were measured weekly for 1 month
      in 12 menstruating women with fibrocystic mastopathy. LH levels were abnormally
      elevated. The remainder of hormone levels were essentially normal. Elevated serum
      LH may be secondary to hypothalamic-pituitary, ovulatory, or corpus luteum
      dysfunction. The roles of hormonal abnormalities in the pathogenesis of
      fibroycstic mastopathy are not known.

PMID- 684614
TI  - Arginine: an essential amino acid for injured rats.
AB  - The influence of arginine supplements on growth and healing of skin incisional
      wounds was studied in rats fed either a chemically defined diet lacking arginine
      or a laboratory chow containing 1.8% arginine. Rats fed the arginine-free diet
      grew more poorly than did arginine-supplemented rats (1.8 vs. 7.0 gm/day) in the
      preoperative period. After operation arginine-deficient animals grew very poorly
      (1 gm/day), while arginine-supplemented rats gained 4.3 gm/day. Arginine
      deficient animals showed impaired wound healing, as judged by the breaking
      strengths of their incisions 10 days after wounding (228 vs. 293 gm for the
      arginine-supplemented rats). Arginine-deficient rats also showed decreased
      collagen deposition in a specific wound site, as indicated by the decreased
      content in hydroxyproline in sponge granulomas (2.5 vs. 4.2 mg/100 mg. of sponge
      for the arginine-supplemented rats). In rats fed commercial chow, 1% arginine
      decreased the postoperative weight loss associated with injury (0.7 vs. 5.2 gm)
      in one experiment and improved wound strength in two experiments (312 vs. 188 gm
      in one experiment and 309 vs. 246 gm in another). Arginine also increased
      hydroxyproline deposition in a specific wound area (5.5 vs. 4.1 mg in one
      experiment and 3.1 vs. 1.9 mg. in another). It is concluded that arginine has two
      roles in wounded animals. It is essential for the synthesis of the increased
      amounts of reparative collagen required for wound healing, and it decreases some
      of the negative aspects of the metabolic responses to injury. These are thought
      to be associated with an arginine-induced growth hormone release.

PMID- 684615
TI  - Reanastomosis after jejunoileal bypass.
AB  - One hundred and one patients underwent jejunoileal bypass after careful
      preoperative evaluation. These patients were re-evaluated after operation on a
      frequent basis, and 23% have required restoration of intestinal continuity
      (reanastomosis) by a mean postoperative time of 44 months. The most frequent
      reasons for reanastomosis were liver dysfunction (5% of the entire series),
      severe malnutrition or weakness (5%), and late electrolyte imbalance (4%). Two
      patients did not survive reanastomosis, both having liver failure. Of the
      patients who did survive, weight gain (approaching prebypass weight) and
      improvement in liver function tests, electrolyte balance, serum vitamin levels,
      and diarrhea have been the rule. Of the entire series of 101 patients who
      underwent bypass, 58% either had life-threatening complications, had to be
      reanastomosed, or died. These morbidity and mortality rates raise the important
      question of whether jejunoileal bypass is an appropriate procedure for the
      treatment of morbid obesity.

PMID- 684616
TI  - Aortocaval fistula associated with aneurysm of the abdominal aorta: current
      management using autotransfusion techniques.
AB  - Two patients with aortocaval fistula associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm
      were managed successfully using a patient care plan which includes proper
      monitoring of the hemodynamic state, careful dissection of the aneurysm, and
      return of blood loss by autotransfusion while the patient is fully anticoagulated
      with heparin. This unusual and serious problem in vascular surgery can be managed
      in an orderly and controlled fashion using these techniques.

PMID- 684617
TI  - Morphological evaluation of canine autogeneous vein grafts in the arterial
      circulation.

PMID- 684618
TI  - The noninvasive assessment of aortoiliac disease: a comparison of dynamic isotope
      angiology with thigh brachial pressure index.
AB  - In 41 patients with severe claudication, the time taken for an intravenously
      injected isotope bolus of TC99m pertechnetate to pass from the aortic bifurcation
      to the common femoral arteries was measured using a gamma camera and computer.
      This isotope transit time (ITT) then was correlated with the severity of
      aortoiliac disease determined arteriographically. Highly significant differences
      in ITT were found between normal vessels and those with minor stenosis of less
      than 50%, major stenosis of 50% or more, or complete occlusion. With major
      disease there was a longer ITT than with minor disease (P less than 0.01). ITT
      gave a greater degree of differentiation between disease groups than did
      thigh/brachial pressure index, as measured by Doppler ultrasound in the same
      patients, and was not influenced by superficial femoral artery occlusion.

PMID- 684619
TI  - Influence of methylprednisolone sodium succinate on bile-acid-induced acute
      gastric mucosal damage.

PMID- 684620
TI  - Acute supravalvular stenosis following replacement of the aortic valve and
      ascending aorta in a patient with Marfan's syndrome: report of a case.
AB  - A case report of a patient with Marfan's syndrome who developed acute
      supravalvular aortic stenosis following aortic valve replacement and
      reconstruction of the ascending aorta is presented. Early recognition of this
      complication permitted reoperation and successful repair. One similar case has
      been reported previously.

PMID- 684621
TI  - The fragile ecosystem of resident serfs, faculty yogis, and surgical commissars.

PMID- 684622
TI  - Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in the diagnosis of chronic
      pancreatitis.
AB  - In a personal series of 188 patients with pancreatic disease referred for
      endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERCP), one or more ducts were cannulated
      in 168 patients; of the 168 patients; of the 168 patients, 19 had carcinoma and
      149 had chronic pancreatitis. Abnormalities were found in 71 of the 149 patients
      with pancreatitis, either in the pancreatic duct, the bile duct, or both ducts.
      The demonstration of these abnormalities was of critical importance in planning
      the management of these patients. Ducts were normal in 78 patients. No benefit
      could be expected from operating upon these patients. It is concluded that
      approximately one half of the patients with chronic pancreatitis will have
      demonstrable lesions amenable to operation, and one half will not. ERCP is
      essential in the investigation and management of patients suspected of having
      chronic pancreatitis.

PMID- 684623
TI  - Experimental pancreatitis: Effect of plasma and dextran on pancreatic blood flow.
AB  - In spite of extensive investigations, many aspects of the hemodynamic changes
      occurring in acute pancreatitis are understood poorly. A dog model was
      established in which continuous measurements of pancreatic arterial blood flow,
      cardiac output, and mean arterial blood pressure were made using electromagnetic
      flow probes and a pressure transducer, respectively. Pancreatitis was induced and
      the animals were monitored for 3 hours. In addition, control animals (group I)
      without pancreatitis also were done. All animals 50 ml of saline in the first
      hours. Three methods of therapy then were instituted in the dogs with
      pancreatitis and their effects were recorded. group I 6 dogs control animals no
      pancreatitis saline 50 ml/hr group II 10 dogs saline 50 ml/hr group III 6 dogs
      plasma 15 ml/kg over 45 min then saline 50 ml/hr group IV 10 dogs saline 50 ml
      and 1.5 ml/kg of dextran 40/hr These results confirm the observations made
      previously using a transillumination technique--that the pancreatic circulation
      rapidly reduces in acute pancreatitis. Administration of plasma produced a
      significant (P less than 0.05) but transient increase in the cardiac output and
      pancreatic blood flow; however, the blood pressure remained low. Dextran 40
      minimally increased cardiac output, but it significantly improved the blood
      pressure and maintained the pancreatic blood flow. Low-dose, low-molecular weight
      dextran 40 appears to help to maintain pancreatic blood flow in acute
      pancreatitis. The possible mechanisms concerning the made of action of dextran 40
      will be discussed.

PMID- 684624
TI  - Surgical management of tracheosophageal fistula complicating caustic ingestion.
AB  - This report outlines principles of management for extensive corrosive esophageal
      burns in children complicated by formation of a tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF).
      Direct operative attack on the fistula usually is unsuccessful, since the
      tracheal tissues are so damaged that they will not hold sutures. On the basis of
      experiences with six children, we suggest the following plan of management: (1)
      early investigation of suspected TEF with thin barium or Dionosil; (2) early
      tracheostomy using a short, plastic tube; (3) end cervical esophagostomy with
      closure of the distal stump of the cervical esophagus; (4) gastrotomy; (5)
      complete disconnection of the intra-abdominal esophagus from the stomach. This
      can be completed in a single operation and leaves the thoracic esophagus
      containing the fistula completely isolated so that the trachea is protected from
      contamination by saliva and gastric juice. The esophageal mucosa in all cases has
      been destroyed so extensively by the corrosive material that the esophagus heals
      as a band of muscle and scar. If protected from continuous contamination by
      saliva, the trachea heals itself with little long-term defect. The esophagus is
      replaced with colon or a gastric tube 6 to 12 months later when the child is in
      good health. All four children treated by this regimen have survived and are able
      to eat normally.

PMID- 684625
TI  - The biliary tract kinetics of some cephalosporin antibiotics.

PMID- 684626
TI  - Aortoiliac reconstruction in patients with combined iliac and superficial femoral
      arterial occlusion.
AB  - Despite revascularization of the common femoral--profunda femoris system, many
      patients fail to obtain satisfactory relief from claudication or rest pain.
      Clinical observations were compared with objective physiological data in 54
      technically successful aortoiliofemoral reconstructions for multilevel disease.
      Nine of 28 operations (32%) for claudication and five of 26 operations (19%) for
      ischemia at rest had poor results. While the average ankle pressure index (API =
      ankle blood pressure/arm blood pressure) rose from 0.52 +/- 0.03 (SEM) to 0.81 +/
      0.03 in limbs treated successfully for claudication, it changed insignificantly
      in those with an unsuccessful result (0.58 +/- 0.04 to 0.61 +/- 0.04). When
      ischemic symptoms were relieved, API rose from 0.23 +/- 0.04 to 0.55 +/- 0.03 but
      increased only from 0.22 +/- 0.09 to 0.40 +/- 0.02 in limbs with insufficient
      improvement. Preoperative thigh pressure index (TPI) in claudicating limbs with
      poor results (0.96 +/- 0.05) differed little from that in limbs with good results
      (0.92 +/- 0.05); nor was the TPI of ischemic limbs with poor results (0.83 +/-
      0.13) significantly greater than that in limbs with good results (0.60 +/- 0.05).
      Neither the TPI nor the thigh to ankle pressure gradient was of value in
      predicting which extremities would respond poorly to aortoiliofemoral
      reconstruction.

PMID- 684627
TI  - The mortality associated with pelvic fractures.
AB  - The mortality among 604 patients with pelvic fractures was 12%. Pedestrian
      accidents were the etiologic agent in 27% of the patients, but accounted for 49%
      of the deaths and for 73% of the deaths primarily due to pelvic fractures.
      Although 71 of the 72 patients who died sustained concomitant major injuries
      (mean, 3.1), 60% of the deaths (43 patients) were attributed entirely or in part
      to pelvic fractures. Of particular interest were the 26 patients in whom the
      pelvic fracture was the primary cause of death. Ninety-three percent were in
      shock or had clinical evidence of hypovolemia at the time of admission. Eighteen
      patients (69%) exsanguinated from their pelvic fractures shortly after hospital
      admission (mean, 9 hours). They were more elderly than the eight patients who
      survived their initial resuscitation, but subsequently died of sepsis or of renal
      failure (mean, 62 vs. 38 years). Sepsis arising in the pelvic hematoma and acute
      renal failure induced by pelvic hemorrhage and/or pelvic sepsis each accounted
      for 15% of the deaths. Ninety-one percent of the patients who died primarily of
      their pelvic fracture had a single or double break in the pelvic ring. Thirty-one
      precent had open pelvic fractures, and injury associated with a 50% mortality.
      Twenty-three percent had pelvic fracture related iliac or femoral vessel
      disruptions, an injury associated with a 75% mortality. Mortality in these
      patients clearly resulted from ineffective control of pelvic hemorrhage and from
      the inability to prevent sepsis in the pelvic hematoma.

PMID- 684628
TI  - Accuracy of techniques to detect intraperitoneal abscess.
AB  - Three new diagnostic techniques, gray-scale ultrasonography, gallium-67 scanning
      (67Ga), and computed tomography (CT) were used in combination to detect
      intraperitoneal abscess in 30 patients. All 30 had sonography, 24 were scanned
      for 67Ga, and 15 underwent CT. Nine had three tests and 21 had two. Accuracy of
      results was evaluated by subsequent laparotomy in 16 and by clinical impression
      in the remainder. Ultrasound was accurate (true positive and true negative) in 12
      of 16 (75%) operated patients, with 12% false-positive and 12% false-negative
      results. Gallium correctly diagnosed nine of 14 (64%) operated patients having
      22% false-positive and 14% false-negative diagnoses. CT was accurate in five of
      seven (71%) patients evaluated by operation, with 14% false positives and 14%
      false negatives. Overall accuracies for both operated and clinical groups was
      ultrasound 57%, gallium 54%, and CT 67%, not significantly different results.
      Three tests agreed in only two of nine patients (22%), with no single test more
      accurate than another. Two tests agreed in 57%, with no test superior to another.
      It is concluded that ultrasonography, 67Ga scanning, and CT each have significant
      limits in diagnosing intra-abdominal pus. No single test is better than another.
      Disagreement among test results in the same patient obviates use of more than one
      technique in most instances.

PMID- 684629
TI  - Esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula: Effect of delayed thoracotomy
      on survival.
AB  - Eighty-four infants with esophageal atresia and/or tracheosophageal (TE) fistula
      were treated from 1972 to 1977. Twenty-eight percent were premature and 24%
      weighed less than 2.0 kg. Major symptoms included excess salivation (56
      patients), respiratory distress (28 patients), cyanosis (26 patients), and
      choking (nine patients). Pneumonia and or atelectasis occurred in 58% and
      associated anomalies in 68%. Seventy-three of 84 patients (87%) had proximal
      esophageal atresia and distal TE fistula (type C defect). Operation was carried
      out in 79 patients. Gastrostomy was performed in 75 patients, often under local
      anesthesia with subsequent delayed extrapleural thoractomy (mean, 3.9 days), when
      the infant's pulmonary condition was improved. Primary anastomosis was performed
      in 55 patients, division TE fistula and esophagostomy in ten, staged anastomosis
      in seven, cervical esophagostomy alone in three, division H fistual in two,
      ligation TE fistula alone in one, and gastrostomy alone in one. Complications
      were frequent, including need for ventilator support in 28 patients, atelectasis
      in 28, pneumonia in 18, jaundice in 13, heart failure in 11, anastomotic leak in
      10, and stricture in four. Operative mortality was 5% (four of 79). Two deaths
      followed immediate thoracotomy and two were premature with anomalies. There were
      eight late deaths 4 to 39 months after operation. Seven had multiple anomalies.
      The overall mortality was 15%. Management of high-risk cases by preliminary
      gastrostomy and delayed extrapleural thoracotomy is associated with improved
      survival (67 to 79) (85%). Neonatal intensive care, detection of associated
      anomalies, and long-term follow-up are essential factors in reducing mortality.

PMID- 684630
TI  - Nonvein bypass in below-knee reoperation for lower limb ischemia.

PMID- 684631
TI  - Induced thrombosis of inoperable abdominal aortic aneurysm.
AB  - On occasions it may be vital to produce controlled thrombosis of an abdominal
      aortic aneurysm when resection is not possible. A successful technique was
      evolved to achieve this in a 57-year-old man with malignant lymphoma. The tumor
      was found to infiltrate massively the retroperitoneum and the wall of a large
      abdominal aortic aneurysm. The large aneurysm was deemed to be technically
      unresectable at operation. An approach was devised to thrombose the aneurysm and
      to proceed safely with chemotherapy of the malignant lymphoma. An axillobifemoral
      bypass was made with the limbs anastomosed end to end to the common femoral
      arteries. The external iliac vessels were exteriorized through the abdominal
      wall. The aneurysmal sac outflow was occluded by balloon catheters introduced
      through the exteriorized iliac vessels. A right transaxillary catheter was
      inserted and placed at the level of the renal arteries to induce and to control
      the progress of thrombus formation in such a way as to ensure patency of the
      renal vessels. Thrombin was delivered into the sac via this transaxillary
      catheter. A high urinary output was maintained. Serial angiograms of the clotting
      process were obtained. Once the sac was thrombosed, the balloon catheters were
      removed and a final angiogram was obtained which demonstrated the obliteration of
      the aneurysmal sac and the patency of the renal vessels. The patient has been
      fully employed for 20 months.

PMID- 684632
TI  - Bleeding vascular malformations of the intestine.
AB  - Thirty-nine patients with bleeding vascular malformations were evaluated. The age
      range was from 3 to 78 years, with a bimodal age distribution. The younger
      patients had no associated diseases, while those in the older category invariably
      had an associated cardiac lesion (aortic stenosis in 12 patients and severe
      atherosclerotic disease in 11 patients). With experience, colonoscopy has become
      a valuable adjunct to arteriography with the lesion visualized in 12 patients.
      Arteriography is the most useful study being diagnostic in 35 of 38 cases.
      Exploration alone was diagnostic in only one of 39 patients. The most common site
      of bleeding was the cecum (21 patients) followed by the proximal small intestine
      (eight patients), terminal ileum (seven patients), and ascending colon (five
      patients). The lesions in the proximal small bowel were much more common in the
      younger patients and were believed to be congenital. Resection controlled the
      bleeding in the majority of patients, although four recurrences have been noted.
      All have been documented angiographically to have been from a new lesion and two
      were controlled with reoperation. The key elements to control of these patient's
      bleeding include: (1) systematic work-up with a team approach emphasizing careful
      visceral angiography, and (2) the avoidance of a premature laparotomy prior to
      complete evaluation.

PMID- 684634
TI  - [Homo sapiens. An anthropologic outline for the physician].

PMID- 684633
TI  - Central venous pressure or pulmonary capillary wedge pressure as the determinant
      of fluid replacement in aortic surgery.
AB  - Both central venous pressure (CVP) and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP)
      have been used as guides to fluid replacement in patients undergoing abdominal
      aortic surgery. To test the hypothesis that changes in PCWP (deltaPCWP) may be
      reliably estimated from changes in CVP (deltaCVP), 55 patients had simultaneous
      measurements (302 paired observations) of CVP and PCWP, as well as of cardiac
      output, before and during operation. The correlation between deltaCVP and
      deltaPCWP was high (r = 0.716, P less than 0.001). The estimated slope for the
      linear regression was 0.88. The standard error of the estimate was +/- 3.75 torr,
      making the prediction of deltaPCWP from deltaCVP accurate only to within 7.5
      torr. There were five patients who each had a low and failing CVP accompanied by
      a stable cardiac output and a rising PCWP; for them, a decision to administer
      fluid based on the CVP might have resulted in pulmonary edema. Although deltaCVP
      accurately predicted direction and magnitude of deltaPCWP in the majority of
      patients (90%), there was a small group in whom there was no substitute for
      direct measurement of PCWP.

PMID- 684635
TI  - [Physiologic and pathophysiologic principles of orthostatic circulatory
      regulation].

PMID- 684636
TI  - [Etiology, clinical symptoms and diagnosis of orthostatic circulatory disorders].

PMID- 684637
TI  - [Therapy of orthostatic circulatory disorders].

PMID- 684638
TI  - [Digitalis therapy in coronary insufficiency?].

PMID- 684639
TI  - [Cancer registration. The epidemiologic bone tumor registry in Hamburg].

PMID- 684640
TI  - [Ear-trauma (author's transl)].

PMID- 684641
TI  - [Acoustic trauma and military service (author's transl)].

PMID- 684642
TI  - [Occupational deafness (author's transl)].

PMID- 684643
TI  - [Seromucotympanon].

PMID- 684644
TI  - [Diagnostic procedures in middle ear diseases (author's transl)].

PMID- 684645
TI  - [Behavior audiometry (parent audiometry, deviation test, free-field audiometry)
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 684646
TI  - [Impedance audiometry (author's transl)].

PMID- 684648
TI  - [Possibilities and limits of the operative therapy of conduction deafness
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 684647
TI  - [ERA (author's transl)].

PMID- 684649
TI  - [Possibilities and prospects of the operative therapy of perceptive deafness
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 684650
TI  - [Drug treatment of hearing losses (author's transl)].

PMID- 684651
TI  - [Hearing aid fitting in the hearing-impaired (author's transl)].

PMID- 684652
TI  - [Juvenile hearing loss].

PMID- 684653
TI  - The role of way of life and nutrition in the development prevention and treatment
      of hyperlipoproteinaemias.

PMID- 684654
TI  - Experiences with Norcolut (a new therapeutic gestagen).

PMID- 684655
TI  - Clinical observation with debrisoquinsulphate (Tendor) in essential hypertension
      and glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 684656
TI  - Treatment of anovulatory cycles with Clostilbegyt.

PMID- 684657
TI  - Mebendazole (Vermox) in the treatment of enterobiasis.

PMID- 684658
TI  - Effect of Mitolactol (Dibromodulcitol) treatment in bladder cancer.

PMID- 684659
TI  - Oral treatment of arrhythmias and angina pectoris with lidocain.

PMID- 684660
TI  - Comparison of conservative (Prodectin) treatment and surgical intervention in
      arteriosclerotic obliterative diseases of the lower extremities.

PMID- 684661
TI  - Pharmacokinetic data of Sumetrolim.

PMID- 684662
TI  - Dissecting the dissecting aneurysm.

PMID- 684663
TI  - Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (surgical technique, early and late
      results).
AB  - Between March 1970 and October 1977, 36 patients underwent correction of total
      anomalous pulmonary venous connection. The ages ranged from 5 days to 16 years;
      27 (75%) were under 1 year and 19 were under 3 months of age at the time of
      surgery. The overall mortality was 33%. Supracardiac connection was the commonest
      type and was associated with the lowest hospital mortality (30%). The highest
      mortality occurred in the mixed and infracardiac types and was related in part to
      the presence of associated intracardiac anomalies. The use of hypothermia and
      circulatory arrest in infancy has resulted in a considerably lower hospital
      mortality compared with cases operated on under conventional cardiopulmonary
      bypass. The mortality in 23 infants (under 1 year of age) was 26% using
      circulatory arrest and was lowest when correction was performed within the first
      three months of life (18%). All four infants operated on with standard
      cardiopulmonary bypass died, whereas this technique was found to be safe in older
      children. The surgical technique using a left anterolateral thoractomy with a
      trans-sternal extension is described. This technique gives an excellent exposure
      for fashioning a long anastomosis and has been associated with a low incidence of
      postoperative pulmonary complications. There have been no late deaths and all
      survivors, who are in excellent condition up to seven years after correction,
      have a normal exercise tolerance.

PMID- 684664
TI  - Double outlet right ventricle: clinical and anatomical spectrum.
AB  - Thirty-two patients with double outlet right ventricle (DORV) were studied
      between 1960 and 1976. Associated congenital defects frequently compounded the
      difficulty of clinical diagnosis. Cardiac catheterisation was performed in 27
      patients, and the ventriculograms were studied with particular regard to the
      relative positions of the great vessels to each other and to the ventricular
      septal defect. These relationships determine which corrective operation is
      possible. Correction has been performed in 12 patients with a perioperative
      mortality of 25%. Although mitral-aortic discontinuity was demonstrated in all
      cases, consideration of the anatomical spectrum included in the term DORV
      suggests that discontinuity is not an essential feature. In common with other
      clinical data and in contrast with necropsy studies, none of our patients was
      found to show the normal relationship of the great vessels to each other, in
      which the aorta lies posterior and to the right of the pulmonary artery. The
      reason for this difference between the clinical and necropsy findings is not
      apparent. A similar disparity was shown with regard to pulmonary stenosis, which
      was demonstrated at catheterisation in 68% of the 27 patients (mean gradient 68
      +/- 3 mmHg), in contrast with incidences of 18% and 25% in recent necropsy
      series. Patients in the necropsy studies were frequently neonates or infants, in
      whom death may have been the result of intractable cardiac failure secondary to
      excessive pulmonary blood flow. In older patients without pulmonary stenosis and
      with pulmonary hypertension, frequent observation is imperative so that surgical
      treatment can be instituted before the development of irreversible pulmonary
      vascular disease.

PMID- 684665
TI  - Protrusion of the lung apex through Sibson's fascia in infancy.
AB  - Apical 'herniation' of the lung is an unusual protrusion of the lung and its
      pleural coverings through the superior aperture of the thorax. It is supposedly
      caused by weakness of Sibson's fascia. The phenomenon is an anatomical variation
      and not a disease entity; however, it must be recognised in order to avoid
      inappropriate surgery. The condition apparently disappears spontaneously with
      growth.

PMID- 684666
TI  - Aetiology of unresolved pneumonia.
AB  - Preoperative histological or cytological confirmation of a diagnosis of
      bronchogenic carcinoma is not always possible, so occasionally non-neoplastic
      lesions are resected. Of these lesions a significant number are described by
      pathologists as 'unresolved pneumonia'. We studied the case notes and
      histopathology of 30 patients from whom lung had been resected and which had been
      classified as pneumonia. Other non-neoplastic lesions, such as pulmonary
      infarction, bronchiectasis, and tuberculosis, were excluded. All had a
      preoperative diagnosis of probable bronchial carcinoma. On review very few
      appeared to be the consequence of an infective, pneumonic episode. In 11, foreign
      material was identified, including one typical example of a paraffinoma.
      Aspiration of foreign material may lead to a localised lesion which simulates
      carcinoma of the bronchus both clinically and radiographically.

PMID- 684667
TI  - Mechanical properties of the lung in extrinsic allergic alveolitis.
AB  - The lung function of 14 patients with extrinsic allergic alveolitis caused by
      exposure to mouldy hay (farmer's lung) or to birds (bird fancier's lung) was
      studied one week and four to six weeks after the last exposure to antigen. These
      data, together with lung mechanics measured four weeks after antigen exposure,
      were compared with measurements in 34 healthy non-smoking control subjects.
      Shortly after exposure to antigen there were reduction in lung volumes, increased
      elastic recoil (reduced compliance), and varied effects on expiratory flow and
      reduced gas transfer. With time, lung volumes and gas transfer improved, but
      expiratory flow often remained decreased. The data on lung mechanics showed that
      reduced compliance was often found, but this increased recoil did not always
      produce high airflow indicating increased upstream airways resistance. Patients
      with a longer duration of the illness tended to have increased compliance
      (reduced recoil) and low airflow. These results show that the described
      pathological changes of airway involvement, fibrosis, and emphysema in allergic
      alveolitis are manifest in the lung function of patients with the disease.

PMID- 684668
TI  - Spirometry in healthy men: a correlation with smoking and with mild symptoms.
AB  - Symptoms, smoking history, and variates taken from the forced expiratory
      manoeuvre were studied in a group of 271 healthy men attending a mass radiography
      unit. It was found that correlation of the forced expiratory ratio (FEV1/FVC)
      with the presence of mild or moderate respiratory symptoms was at least as
      satisfactory as that of technically more complicated measurements such as MEF50
      and MEF75. In asymptomatic individuals those differences associated with smoking
      were the same for FEV1/FVC as for MEF75. Asymptomatic abnormalities of lung
      function were not observed. Simple measurements such as FEV1/FVC can therefore
      provide as much information from a forced expiratory manoeuvre to screen for
      early airways obstruction as MEF50 and MEF75.

PMID- 684669
TI  - Prevalence of chronic bronchitis in Rhodesian Africans.
AB  - The prevalence of chronic bronchitis in the African population of a small
      township in Rhodesia was estimated using two questionnaires, both based on those
      of the British Medical Research Council. The first, a screening questionnaire,
      was put to 9768 subjects aged 5 years and above and the second, a more detailed
      questionnaire, to random selections of these grouped according to their replies.
      Repeat interviews were used to assess the accuracy of the questionnaires. The
      overall prevalence of chronic bronchitis was 1.12%. This is much lower than most
      other surveys elsewhere. There was little evidence of an increase in prevalence
      with age, and rates were not significantly different in the two sexes. The
      prevalence of complications and of other chest symptoms was correspondingly low.
      The proportion of bronchitics who smoked was not significantly higher than in the
      controls. Amounts smoked, however, were generally much lower than in other
      populations, and this, together with low levels of pollution, probably account
      for the prevalence findings.

PMID- 684670
TI  - Structural basis for the changing physical properties of human pulmonary vessels
      with age.
AB  - Circumferential strips of pulmonary vessel wall were obtained at necropsy from
      the major arterial and venous branches at the lung hilum in patients aged 7-87
      years. The extensibility of these strips was measured using the tension balance
      method of Harris et al. (British Heart Journal, 1965, 27, 651-659). The vessels
      were then bisected, and half of each strip was submitted for structural analysis
      using morphometric methods on paraffin sections stained to show the collagen,
      elastin, and muscle content. The other halves of the formalin-fixed vessel strips
      were examined chemically to determine their collagen content by estimation of the
      total hydroxyproline content. The thickness of the vessel media was measured
      microscopically on all of the sections examined. Quantitative measurements were
      made on 42 arteries and 37 veins. Contrary to expectation, there was a steady
      fall in medial collagen content with increasing age in arteries and veins. The
      decrease in collagen content was similar in the morphometric and chemical studies
      and was statistically significant. The thickness of the vessel media did not
      change significantly with age. The pulmonary artery and vein strips were less
      extensible in the older age groups, the main change occurring in the elastic
      phase of the vascular stress/strain curves. It is suggested that changes in the
      elastic tissue at a molecular and lamellar level are responsible for the
      increasing stiffness of pulmonary vessels rather than changes in the medial
      collagen content.

PMID- 684671
TI  - Breath sounds in the clinical assessment of airflow obstruction.
AB  - In a group of 34 inpatients showing varying degrees of airflow obstruction we
      studied the relationship between breath sound intensity (BSI) and abnormalities
      of lung function. The BSI was evaluated by chest auscultation to provide a score,
      in a manner similar to that described by Pardee et al. (1976), and was found to
      correlate closely with indices of airflow obstruction of their logarithms such as
      specific conductance (r = 0.759), maximal expiratory flow at 50% of vital
      capacity (r = 0.790), forced expiratory volume in one second (r = 0.768), and
      forced expiratory volume to vital capacity ratio (r = 0.860). Correlations with
      lung volumes, although statistically significant, were weaker. Multiple
      correlation studies showed that BSI score correlated independently with indices
      of both airflow obstruction and lung distension. In our experience, BSI score can
      be useful not only in the detection but also the quantification of airflow
      obstruction, although its predictive power is impaired in subjects with
      associated restrictive disorders. It can also fail to detect mild, pure airflow
      obstruction.

PMID- 684672
TI  - An ultrasonic analysis of the comparative efficiency of various cardiotomy
      reservoirs and micropore blood filters.
AB  - The ability of 12 commercially available cardiotomy reservoirs to remove bubbles
      from aspirated blood was investigated by means of a simulated cardiopulmonary
      bypass circuit and an ultrasonic microbubble detector. Performance varied
      considerably. The number of gaseous microemboli remaining after passage of blood
      through the reservoir was reduced by (a) holding the blood in the reservoir, (b)
      reducing the volume of air mixed with the aspirated blood, and (c) using a
      reservoir that did not induce turbulence and that contained integral micropore
      filtration material. Further micropore filtration of the blood after passage
      through the cardiotomy reservoir was beneficial, and significantly more bubbles
      were extracted when the microfilter was sited below the reservoir than when it
      was placed in the arterial line.

PMID- 684673
TI  - Collagen diseases as a cause of constrictive pericarditis.
AB  - Seven patients with constrictive pericarditis associated with collagen disease
      underwent pericardiectomy with good results in all but one. The collagen disease
      was confirmed as rheumatoid arthritis in five patients, but in two its nature
      remained obscure. In one case the illness was marked by a persistent eosinophilia
      and eosinophilic infiltration of the pericardium. The association of constrictive
      pericarditis with rheumatoid arthritis and other collagenoses is briefly
      discussed.

PMID- 684674
TI  - Lung cancer in Japanese chromate workers.
AB  - We have treated ten patients with lung cancer among workers in a chromate factory
      between 1972 and 1976. Four further cases were also found through death
      certificates and medical records. Most were smokers and all were men. The average
      duration of exposure to chromate was 24 years (range 10 to 36). The cell type in
      our ten patients was squamous in seven and small anaplastic type in three. The
      primary sites were all in large bronchi. The incidence (person per year)
      calculated from the number of employees, duration of factory activity, number of
      cancer patients, and shortest duration of labour period among the patients was
      657.9 per 100,000 compared to 13.3 per 100,000 in Japan as a whole.

PMID- 684675
TI  - Cardiac involvement and superior vena caval obstruction in Behcet's disease.
AB  - A patient with Behcet's disease developed the rare complications of pericarditis
      and, two months later, superior vena caval obstruction. The latter complication
      was investigated by angiography to exclude other causes. As a result of this
      investigation the caval obstruction was managed conservatively, the symptoms and
      signs improving spontaneously.

PMID- 684676
TI  - Resection of thyroid carcinoma infiltrating the trachea.
AB  - We have treated surgically 11 patients with thyroid carcinoma that had
      infiltrated into the trachea. Three patients had primary tumours, and eight had
      recurrent tumours after previous operations. Sleeve resection of trachea was
      performed where thyroid carcinoma had proliferated; the trachea was reconstructed
      by end-to-end anastomosis. In two patients 10 rings of the trachea were resected.
      In three patients the anterior half of the cricoid cartilage was resected along
      with the cervical trachea. In one patient tracheoplasty was performed using
      partial extracorporeal circulation because severe tracheal stenosis prevented
      endotracheal intubation. Two of the 11 patients died from the surgery and one
      from disseminated metastases. One patient who had undergone tracheal resection
      for thyroid carcinoma three years and five months previously had a recurrence of
      the tumour in the trachea adjacent to the anastomosis, and a second tracheal
      resection was performed. In three patients postoperative laryngeal stenosis
      occurred. Five patients are alive and well two years and one month to four years
      and seven months after their operations. The histological pattern of the tumour
      was papillary adenocarcinoma in all 11 patients.

PMID- 684677
TI  - Results of treating primary tumours of the trachea by irradiation.
AB  - Forty-four patients presented with primary tumours of the trachea over a 25-year
      period. Thirty-nine of them were treated by irradiation. Of these, 24 (61.5%)
      died as a result of their disease while 30% are either alive and well (4.4-11
      years) or have died of intercurrent disease (average four years). Recurrences or
      metastases when they occurred were in the first two years after diagnosis in all
      but one patient, who developed local recurrence 3.25 years later. Three patients
      died of unknown cause (average 5.6 years) after irradiation. Two factors seem to
      determine the prognosis: the histology and the extent of disease on presentation.
      Dysphagia without oesophageal involvement carried a grave prognosis.

PMID- 684678
TI  - Acute changes of lung volumes and lung mechanics in asthma and in normal
      subjects.
AB  - Lung volumes, pulmonary mechanics, and specific airway conductance (sGaw) were
      studied before and 15 minutes after 200 microgram of aerosol salbutamol in nine
      asthmatics undergoing mild spontaneous exacerbations of their disease and in five
      normal subjects. In addition, three of the normal subjects were studied after
      voluntarily breathing at high lung volumes for one minute. The normal subjects
      and four of the asthmatics showed no overall changes in lung volumes or pressure
      volume (PV) curves after salbutamol, even though airway dilatation was produced
      in the asthmatic subjects. In another five asthmatics, salbutamol induced a
      significant fall in the total lung capacity (TLC) in three, and in the residual
      volume and functional residual capacity in all five. There was a significant
      displacement of the PV curve downwards and to the right in all five, with
      increased lung compliance (Cl stat) in two. The fall in TLC could be accounted
      for by the increase in lung elasticity. There is reason to believe that this
      change in lung mechanics could be due to the reversal of asthma-induced stress
      relaxation. Sustained breathing at high lung volume is known to cause stress
      relaxation of the lung. However, this breathing pattern did not alter the PV
      curve or TLC in two of three normal subjects, which is consistent with stress
      relaxation being rapidly reversible. The other normal subject had an acute shift
      of the PV curve upwards and to the left after breathing at high lung volume. It
      has been concluded that stress relaxation is usually rapidly reversed but that in
      some individuals it may only be slowly reversed. This more persistent form of
      stress relaxation may contribute to the acute changes of TLC found in some
      asthmatics.

PMID- 684679
TI  - Variation in airways resistance when defined over different ranges of airflows.
AB  - In eight normal subjects airways resistance (Raw) was assessed over six ranges of
      airflow (about zero flow at both minimum and maximum lung volumes) using an
      automated whole body plethysmograph. The intervals of flow used were 21s-1 and
      11s-1 spanning zero flow, and 11s-1 and 0.51s-1 measured up to and from zero
      flow. The wider intervals gave less variable results, the coefficients of
      variation being of the order 11%, 15%, and 22% for the 2, 1, and 0.51s-1
      intervals respectively. In all subjects, at minimum volume Raw was some 1.5 times
      greater when measured over the ranges at end-expiration than at start-expiration;
      at maximum volume Raw was some 1.3 times greater when measured over the ranges at
      end-inspiration than at start-expiration. A slight increase in the slopes of the
      oscilloscope traces used to determine Raw was observed at minimum volume compared
      with those at maximum volume. In view of the substantial differences reported it
      is essential that the exact range of flow, and the respiratory phase used, is
      described when reporting measurements of Raw. Least variability is obtained by
      estimating slopes over a wide interval of flow, such as 1 or 21s-1.

PMID- 684680
TI  - Large intercostal arteriovenous aneurysm: successful surgical correction.
AB  - A large aberrant systemic artery to superior vena cava communication associated
      with normal lungs and normal pulmonary arteries has never been reported. This
      lesion, its diagnosis, and successful surgical management are discussed.

PMID- 684681
TI  - [Electrophysiologic effects of 30,356 RP in man].

PMID- 684682
TI  - [Bronchodilator effect of fenoterol in acetylcholine-induced bronchoconstriction
      in asthmatics and in spontaneous asthmatic crisis].

PMID- 684683
TI  - [Comparison of the bronchodilator action of fenoterol and salbutamol in
      acetylcholine-induced bronchospasm in asthmatics].

PMID- 684684
TI  - [Assay of buflomedil in biologic media. Determination of different
      pharmacokinetic parameters].

PMID- 684685
TI  - [Confirmation of a workable relationship between saliva and plasma phenytoin
      concentrations in man as measured by radioimmunoassay].

PMID- 684686
TI  - [Development of plasma xanthine levels in the treatment of apnea in premature
      infants].

PMID- 684687
TI  - [Gentamicin: pharmacokinetic study in man after intramuscular administration of a
      high dose].

PMID- 684688
TI  - [Mehtod for determination of undesirable effects of drugs].

PMID- 684689
TI  - [Determination of undesirable effects of drugs. Study of 194 case reports].

PMID- 684690
TI  - [Noisy pneumothorax. Pneumothorax simulating pericarditis].

PMID- 684691
TI  - [Moniliasis ventriculi. Formation of a yeast bezoar in the stomach after
      surgery].

PMID- 684692
TI  - [Glomerulonephritis after ventriculoatrial shunt].

PMID- 684693
TI  - [Achillobursitis. A 10-year material with operative treatment].

PMID- 684694
TI  - [Reducing diet with high fat content].

PMID- 684695
TI  - [Cerebrovascular catastrophes].

PMID- 684696
TI  - [Methadone. Information of practical importance].

PMID- 684697
TI  - [Tetanus. A material from Haukeland hospital 1958-1977].

PMID- 684698
TI  - [Ethanol induced hypoglycemia].

PMID- 684699
TI  - [Kanamycin].

PMID- 684700
TI  - [Silver sulfadiazine in treatment of burns].

PMID- 684701
TI  - [Diazepam and alcohol].

PMID- 684702
TI  - [Chloroform--carcinogen effect in animals].

PMID- 684703
TI  - [Discontinuing NAF-drugs oral morphine and peteridine/preparations--tablets from
      digitalis leaves].

PMID- 684704
TI  - [Erythromycin instead of tetracyclines to children].

PMID- 684705
TI  - [Behavior therapy in alcoholism--does it help?].

PMID- 684706
TI  - [Prospective mass screening].

PMID- 684707
TI  - [Total and cause-specific mortality risk related to smoking and other
      environmental risk factors among males and females in Norway].

PMID- 684708
TI  - [Teratocarcinoma as a model system in studies of malignancy and differentiation].

PMID- 684709
TI  - [Life-style diseases. Health education and health information are No. 1 agents].

PMID- 684710
TI  - [Place of ethics in clinical medicine].

PMID- 684711
TI  - [Traumatic and unnatural deaths in Norway and Olso, 1951-1975].

PMID- 684712
TI  - [Improved x-ray diagnosis in gastric diseases].

PMID- 684713
TI  - [Para-endocrine cancer syndromes].

PMID- 684714
TI  - [Arteriovenous fistulas in hemodialysis].

PMID- 684715
TI  - [Use and abuse of sedatives and ataraxics in children].

PMID- 684716
TI  - [Sensational improvement in dental health].

PMID- 684717
TI  - [Should medicine be standardized?].

PMID- 684718
TI  - [Spanish fly. Case reports with discussion of its noxious effects on the skin and
      eye].

PMID- 684719
TI  - [Chronic glomerulonephritis and solvents. An etiologic connection?].

PMID- 684720
TI  - [Aspartylglucosaminuria. A hereditary disease with unusual high incidence among
      Finns in northern Norway].

PMID- 684721
TI  - [Calcium excretion in the urine in relation to age and sex. A normal series].

PMID- 684722
TI  - [Interferons. Biological principal and practical application].

PMID- 684723
TI  - [Increase in fluoride prophylaxis--less caries in Norway].

PMID- 684724
TI  - [Corticosteroids for external use].

PMID- 684725
TI  - [Prevention in diabetics].

PMID- 684726
TI  - [Implantation of disulfiram. A step forward in the treatment of alcoholism?].

PMID- 684728
TI  - [Cytostatics].

PMID- 684727
TI  - [Tricyclic antidepressants. Cramps in children--treatment with physostigmine].

PMID- 684729
TI  - [Penicillin residues in yearlings following preventive treatment of summer
      mastitis with a preparation containing high doses of penicillin for use of dry
      cows (author's transl)].
AB  - In view of questions arising in the field, regarding the periode for which
      treatment with a preparation containing high doses of penicillin for use of dry
      cows to prevent summer mastitis may result in a positive kidney test, the urinary
      concentrations of penicillin in these animals were determined. The study of these
      levels, in conjunction with previous experience in cattle, showed that kidney
      tests are only likely to be positive during the first two days.

PMID- 684730
TI  - [Spectacles for dogs and cats (author's transl)].
AB  - Indications for using spectacles in dogs and cats are reviewed. These indications
      are classified into the following categories: (1) correction of visual acuity,
      (2) protection against external irritants such as ultraviolet rays and wind, (3)
      prevention of self-mutilation and (4) psychological reasons. The only justifiable
      indications for the use of spectacles or sun-glasses in dogs or cats consist in
      the treatment or prevention of some ophthalmic disorders.

PMID- 684731
TI  - [Using spectacles in a poodle (author's transl)].
AB  - A three-year-old poodle showed changes in its behaviour, which were so marked as
      to induce the owner to inquire after the possible use of spectacles for her dog.
      After examination of the eyes and consultation of an optician, it was decided to
      measure the animal for a pair of spectacles. The results were satisfactory. It
      should be pointed out that using spectacles for impairment of visual acuity will
      not often occur.

PMID- 684732
TI  - [Monensin poisoning in poultry].

PMID- 684733
TI  - Surveillance programmes of the Veterinary Public Health Inspectorate of the
      Ministry of Public Health and Environmental Hygiene in the Netherlands.

PMID- 684734
TI  - [Contamination and age as factors in the pathogenesis of atrophic rhinitis
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The relationship between contamination with Bordetella bronchiseptica or
      Pasteurella multocida and the age of the piglets on the one hand and the
      pathogenesis of atrophic rhinitis on the other, is discussed. Minimal disease
      free piglets born and reared on farms on which pigs affected with clinical
      atrophic rhinitis were present, developed clinical atrophic rhinitis at the age
      of six weeks. Piglets born in the Central Veterinary Institute (CVI) of sows from
      herds including pigs affected with atrophic rhinitis and reared under normal CVI
      conditions, did not develop clinical atrophic rhinitis. These sows are believed
      to be factors of minor importance in the pathogenesis of clinical atrophic
      rhinitis in piglets. When minimal disease-free piglets were contaminated during
      the third or fourth week of life, a slight degree of foreshortening of the upper
      jaw was observed in three out of nine pigs, the carcase weights of these animals
      not differing markedly from those of normal swine. When they were contaminated at
      the age of eight weeks, clinical atrophic rhinitis did not appear. It is
      essential that young piglets should be protected against atrophic rhinitis during
      the first few weeks of life.

PMID- 684735
TI  - [The presence of meconium in newborn lambs (author's transl)].
AB  - Meconium was present on the fleece of 114 newborn lambs in sixty-two per cent of
      the cases. It was observed in forty per cent of the firstlings of primiparae,
      whereas the highest proportion (eighty-two per cent) was seen in the group of the
      lambs of pluriparous ewes, which were born later. A short normal gestation period
      (less than 144 days), a low birth-weight (less than 4.0 kg.) and a short period
      of parturition appear to result in a reduced incidence of the presence of
      meconium.

PMID- 684736
TI  - [Pulmonary disease caused by Filaroides sp. in dogs (author's transl)].

PMID- 684737
TI  - [The vasectomized teaser bull (author's transl)].

PMID- 684738
TI  - [The shoulder joint in the dog and the cat. Positioning and normal radiographic
      anatomy (author's transl)].

PMID- 684739
TI  - Toxicological studies of 1-[2-(1,3-dimethyl-2-butenylidene)-hydrazino]
      phthalazine, a new antihypertensive drug, in mice and rats.

PMID- 684740
TI  - The effects of dantrolene sodium on excretory function in the isolated perfused
      rat liver.

PMID- 684741
TI  - Nephrotoxicity: a comparison in humans of gentamicin and gentamicin C1
      administration.

PMID- 684742
TI  - Cardiac effects of 1-alpha-acetylmethadol. IV. Mechanism of inotropic effects.

PMID- 684743
TI  - The effect of phenobarbital and carbon tetrachloride on fatty acid content and
      composition of phospholipids from the endoplasmic reticulum of rat liver.

PMID- 684744
TI  - Further studies on the nature of sodium nitroprusside-induced hypothermia in
      mice. II. Effect of pretreatment with sodium nitrite.

PMID- 684745
TI  - Metallothionein accumulation in response to cadmium in a clonal rat liver cell
      line.

PMID- 684746
TI  - An assessment of the methemoglobin and Heinz-body-inducing capacity of
      pentachloronitrobenzene in the cat.

PMID- 684747
TI  - Determination of urinary excretion of a methadone metabolite as an indirect
      measurement of methadone metabolism in the rat.

PMID- 684748
TI  - Urinary calcium excretion by neomycin-treated dogs.

PMID- 684749
TI  - Hepatic macromolecular binding following exposure to vinyl chloride.

PMID- 684750
TI  - Chronic cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin (adriamycin) in the rat: morphologic and
      biochemical investigations.

PMID- 684751
TI  - Effect of diazepam on digitalis-induced ventricular arrhythmias in the cat.

PMID- 684752
TI  - Use of various solvents to study the effect of diazepam on cardiac rhythm.

PMID- 684753
TI  - Lidocaine and pentobarbital: a potentially lethal drug-drug interaction.

PMID- 684754
TI  - Potential mutagenic and adverse male reproductive effects of 1,2,3,4
      tetrabromobutane: a dominant lethal study in the rat.

PMID- 684755
TI  - Distribution of nickel and cytogenetic changes in poisoned rats.
AB  - The effect of dose and duration of exposure on the relative distribution of
      nickel in the vital organs and bone of albino rats was investigated. The rate of
      accumulation of the metal, in general, was highest in myocardium and spleen
      followed by kidney, bone and other tissues. The sub-cellular fractionation of
      myocardium revealed higher metal localization in nuclear and mitochondrial
      fractions than in the microsomal and cytosolic fractions. However, the uptake of
      metal by various tissues and its sub-cellular distribution was regulated by the
      dose and duration of exposure. No significant chromosomal damage was observed in
      either the bone marrow or the spermatogonial cells in the animals during early
      nickel intoxication.

PMID- 684756
TI  - Catalytic effects by thioltransferase on the transfer of methylmercury and p
      mercuribenzoate from macromolecules to low molecular weight thiol compounds.
AB  - Thiol agarose and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase were blocked with
      methylmercury or p-mercuribenzoate. The exchange of mercurials between the thiol
      containing polymers and glutathione or dithioerythritol was investigated. The
      activity of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase was inhibited by blocking
      thiol-groups with the mercury compounds. Inhibition was reversible when a short
      period of inactivation was used. Inactivation for longer periods resulted in
      reduced regain of enzyme activity. The activity was in part regained when either
      of the 2 thiol compounds was added. Thioltransferase, known to catalyze thiol
      disulfide exchange reactions, increased the regain of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
      dehydrogenase activity to nearly the original value. Here, thioltransferase is
      proposed to catalyze the transfer of organomercurial from one thiol complex to
      another. Some consequences of the observations in vivo are discussed.

PMID- 684757
TI  - Vaginal absorption of hexachlorophene in the rat.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of hexachlorophene (HCP) was studied in sexually mature
      virgin Wistar rats. [14C] HCP was injected either via the femoral vein, (ivn,
      0.87 or 3.87 mg/kg in saline) or into the vaginal orifice (ivg, 0.87 mg/kg in
      corn oil). The disappearance of 14C from the blood after ivn administration
      followed the kinetics of a 2 compartment open model. The blood 14C profiles were
      superimposable, suggesting that the distribution and elimination rate constants
      for both doses were similar. After ivg application of [14C] HCP, 14C was detected
      in tail blood at 0.5 h, peaked between 2 and 4 h and disappeared slowly to 12 h
      but more rapidly thereafter. Less than 10% of the ivg dose of [14C] HCP remained
      in the vagina after 4 h. The cumulative recoveries of 14C in the faeces and urine
      5 days after ivn administration were 85% and 4.6% of the dose, respectively.
      Comparable recoveries following ivg administration were 72% and 3.7%. The results
      suggest that HCP readily penetrates through the vaginal mucosa of the rat.

PMID- 684758
TI  - Inhibition of mixed function oxidases in rat liver by trans- and cis-1,2
      dichloroethylene.
AB  - A single 8-h exposure to trans-1,2-dichloroethylene (t-DCE) or cis-1,2
      dichloroethylene (c-DCE) at 200 ppm (hygienic standard in workplaces) resulted in
      a significant increase in the hexobarbital sleeping time, the zoxazolamine
      paralysis time, and the metabolic formation of 4-aminoantipyrine from aminopyrine
      in adult female Wistar rats. Higher DCE concentrations caused a dose-dependent
      and substantial enhancement of these effects, the effects of c-DCE being stronger
      than that of t-DCE. In the course of enzyme-kinetic measurements in isolated rat
      liver microsomes, t-DCE proved to be a competitive inhibitor of the oxidative N
      demethylation of aminopyrine and of the O-demethylation of p-nitroanisole. It is
      concluded from the results that the inhibition of hepatic drug metabolism is
      caused by a competitive and reversible interaction of the 2 DCE isomers with the
      mixed-function oxidase system, the interaction possibly operating at the type I
      binding site.

PMID- 684759
TI  - Mutagenic evaluation of single cell protein with various mammalian test systems.
AB  - Single cell protein (SCP)--a product containing 80% raw protein obtained from
      bacteria grown on a methanol substrate--was tested for mutagenicity in 5 in vivo
      tests in different mammalian species. The animals were fed either a standard
      laboratory diet, a semi-synthetic diet, diets containing 12.5 and 25% SCP or pure
      SCP. The following investigations were carried out: dominant-lethal-test; host
      mediated assay; micronucleus test; chromosome studies in bone marrow cells; in
      vivo sister chromatid exchange test. The statistical evaluation of all test
      results did not reveal any evidence for mutagenic activity of the SCP.

PMID- 684760
TI  - Acute cardiovascular toxicity of trazodone, etoperidone and imipramine in rats.
AB  - The cardiovascular effects of trazodone, a broad-spectrum antidepressant and its
      analogue etoperidone, were compared with imipramine, following intravenous
      infusion in rats. Their effects on electrocardiogram and blood pressure were
      simultaneously recorded until cardiac arrest. Hypotension was the primary effect
      of trazodone and etoperidone. ECG changes, i.e. lengthening of the PR interval,
      were observed only when the blood pressure reached very low values. On the other
      hand, imipramine produced first the well known ECG changes and then a drop in
      blood pressure. As far as mortality was concerned, trazodone was the least toxic
      drug, followed by etoperidone, whereas imipramine was most toxic; these
      differences being in agreement with the LD50 values reported in rats by the i.v.
      route. It is concluded that trazodone and etoperidone produce in rats
      cardiovascular effects, which are different from those of imipramine. Moreover
      these differences are consistent with their pharmacological properties,
      particularly their interaction with catecholamines, which are inhibited by
      trazodone or etoperidone and potentiated by imipramine.

PMID- 684761
TI  - Studies on the gastrointestinal absorption of N-nitrosamines: effect of dietary
      constituents.
AB  - Studies on the intestinal absorption of N-nitrosodimethylamine (DMN) in the rat
      have shown that the presence of dietary constituents such as fat markedly reduced
      the rate of disappearance of this nitrosamine whereas the presence of protein and
      carbohydrate had little effect on the absorption rate. Fat was also found to
      reduce the absorption rate of N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN), N-nitrosopyrrolidine
      (NPY) and N-nitrosopiperidine (NPIP). Further it was confirmed that the small
      intestinal tract of the rat has the ability to degrade DMN. The implications of
      these findings are discussed in terms of the biological fate of orally ingested
      nitrosamines.

PMID- 684762
TI  - Multigeneration reproduction studies with carmoisine in rats.
AB  - Carmoisine (C.I. (1956) No. 14720) was fed at levels of 0, 0.35, 0.8 and 2.0% in
      the diet of rats throughout a multigeneration reproduction study. The dye had not
      untoward effects on reproduction capacity of any of the generations studied.
      Fertility, lactation and viability indices of all groups fed carmoisine did not
      differ significantly from controls at any stage of the study. These results
      indicate a maximum no-effect level of 2% in the diet. Data from an additional
      nine-week feeding study (dietary levels were 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8%) suggest that the
      no-effect level may in fact be even higher since 4% carmoisine in the diet was
      tolerated without evidence of overt toxicity.

PMID- 684763
TI  - A one year feeding study with carmoisine in rats.
AB  - Rat fed carmoisine (C.I. (1956) No. 14720) at 0.35, 0.8 or 2.0% in the diet for
      52 weeks showed no adverse effects of the dye when compared to control animals.
      Mortality, weight gain, hematological values and relative organ weights were the
      same in control and treated animals. There was no increase in tumor incidence due
      to carmoisine treatment. Male rats fed 2.0% carmoisine showed an increased
      incidence of several mild subclinical conditions (minimal bronchitis and tracheal
      inflammation). Because of this occurrence, the maximum no-effect level after 1
      year exposure appears to be 0.8%, equivalent to a daily intake of approx. 400
      mg/kg.

PMID- 684764
TI  - A study of the teratogenicity of butylated hydroxyanisole on rabbits.
AB  - A teratogenicity study on butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) was carried out in SPF
      New Zealand White rabbits. BHA was given by gavage from day 7--18 of the
      gestation period in doses of 0, 50, 200 and 400 mg/kg body wt./day. The fetuses
      were removed on day 28. No effect related to the treatment with BHA was observed
      on the number of corpora luteae, implantations, fetuses dead or alive, or on
      gross malformations, skeletal and internal malformations, and on the weight of
      the fetuses.

PMID- 684765
TI  - Cardiac effects of toxin A-III from the heteronemertine worm Cerebratulus lacteus
      (Leidy).

PMID- 684766
TI  - Effect of the mycotoxin citrinin on composition of mouse liver and kidney.

PMID- 684767
TI  - The effect of staphylococcal alpha toxin on the superprecipitation and Ca2+
      uptake of isolated arterial smooth muscle preparations.

PMID- 684768
TI  - Resistance of warm-blooded animals to snake venoms.

PMID- 684770
TI  - A simple method for purification of cardiotoxin from Indian cobra (Naja Naja
      Naja) venom.

PMID- 684769
TI  - Effect of Buthus minax (L. Koch) scorpion venom on plasma and urinary electrolyte
      levels.

PMID- 684771
TI  - The mechanism of potentiation of the presynaptic effect of phospholipase A2 by
      the crotapotin component of the crotoxin complex.

PMID- 684773
TI  - [Medical applications of cyclotrons (author's transl)].
AB  - Isochronous cyclotrons used to accelerate different charge particles (protons,
      deuterons, alphas...) at variable energies, have important medical applications,
      for neutron teletherapy, in vivo or in vitro activation analysis or production of
      short-lived radioisotopes for nuclear medicine. The characteristics of the
      cyclotron presently available are described for these three applications (low
      energy "compact" cyclotrons, cyclotrons of intermediate and high energies), and
      their advantages are discussed from the points of view of the medical
      requirements, the financial investments and the results obtained.

PMID- 684772
TI  - [Liposarcoma of the soft tissues of extremities: a contribution to clinical
      diagnosis and treatment author's transl].
AB  - Liposarcoma is a rare soft-tissue tumor. According to Enzinger, there are five
      subgoups. Histological criteria, the beginning, diagnostic and therapy of this
      tumor are represented. Results have been ascertained as follows, founded on eight
      cases of our own: 1. Adequate radical surgery and radiation therapy are needed in
      each case. 2. Recurrences are frequently, metastasition is rarely observed. 3.
      The prognosis is poor, if a recurrence appears within two years.

PMID- 684774
TI  - Prostatic cancer treated at the Rotterdam radiotherapy institute.
AB  - The results of radiation therapy of patients with carcinoma of the prostate
      category T3-4NxMo are compared with those of the hormonal therapy and with those
      of hormonal therapy combined with external irradiation. The type of first
      indicators of existing or threatening metastases has been evaluated, their
      appearance after first treatment and the period between their appearance and the
      development of clinical metastases have been assessed. These data and perhaps the
      bone-marrow serum acid phosphatase levels prior to treatment might be helpful in
      the choice of treatment. As damage due to irradiation has become minimal,
      radiation therapy should be preferred in all patients prone to cardio-vascular
      accidents and in healthy men up to about 75 years.

PMID- 684775
TI  - Radiotherapy of carcinoma of the prostate.
AB  - In the years 1963 to 1971, 58 patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate were
      irradiated to control the disease locally. Complete regression of the tumour
      occured in 38 patients (66%). A definite response to radiotherapy does not seem
      to be related to the degree of histological differentiation. The 5-year survival
      rate for the entire material was 33% and for the T3NxMo group 44%.

PMID- 684776
TI  - Changes of blood components on in vitro and in vivo irradiation in cancer
      therapy.
AB  - In vivo irradiation of the blood followed by a local or parenteral injection with
      irradiated blood is a useful tool in radiotherapy. To reveal changes in the
      components of irradiated blood, the serum enzymes LDH, GOT and GPT were examined
      in the blood of healthy donors, and cancer patients. The same enzymes were
      determined in the blood of in vivo radiation-treated patients. It seems that with
      some restrictions LDH offers a possibility to be regarded as biological indicator
      of radiation effects. Beside enzyme determinations blood picture was taken and
      immunological methods were used too, to check their usefulness in the evaluation
      of radiotherapy.

PMID- 684777
TI  - [Cell loss after combined thermo-radiotherapy. Determination in vivo of the cell
      loss rate of euoxic and hypoxic cells of experimental tumors (author's transl)].
AB  - Solid Ehrlich cancers with a volume of one millilitre, situated on the necks of
      mice, were treated with X-rays (150 kV), a low dose of hyperthermia (high
      frequency), a high dose of hyperthermia and a combined therapy of mild
      hyperthermia and X-ray irradiation. As labeling method, the technique of 125-I
      deoxyuridine was employed. At the time of the therapy, there uas either a
      majority of hypoxic tumor cells or a majority of euoxic tumor cells, both in
      labeled form. The loss of cells was measured externally as a decrease of activity
      between the 96th and the 192th hour after the injection of 125-I. Xray
      irradiation tends above all to destroy euoxic cells while hypoxic cells are
      preponderantly destroyed by high doses of hyperthermia. Mild hyperthermia does
      not influence the cell loss in a significant manner. Mild hyperthermia in
      combination with X-ray irradiation, however, increases the loss of hypoxic cells
      up to the rate of euoxic cells.

PMID- 684778
TI  - [Radiation sensitivity of the amelanotic hamstermelanoma in vitro and in vivo
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Radiation sensitivity of the hamster melanoma AMel 3 was studied in vivo and in
      vitro. In vitro, a dose-effect curve with the dose Do=155 rd and the
      extrapolation number 10 was obtained. In consideration of an oxygen enhancement
      factor of 2.5, the results of in-vivo examination with the quantitative
      transplantation method did not differ from in-vitro results. In living animals,
      about 40% of the tumor cells generally are hypoxic. These data do not verify the
      hypothesis of a particular radiation resistance of melanoma cells.

PMID- 684779
TI  - [Curability of the Harding-Passey melanoma by means of acute irradiation
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The curability of the transplantable Harding-Passey melanoma of the mouse was
      studied following acute irradiation under ambient and under anoxic conditions.
      The mean cure doses (44.1 and 56.1 Gy), the calculated fraction of hypoxic tumor
      cells (3%) and the slope of teh dose-effect curves do not revela any sign of
      enhanced radiation resistance in comparison with other animal tumors. As and
      additional finding, a high rate of radiation-induced mesenchymal skin tumors was
      ascertained in the NMRI-breed employee.

PMID- 684780
TI  - [Radiation effects in brain and spinal cord (author's transl)].
AB  - Radiation sensitivity of both the brain and spinal cord in prenatal and postnatal
      stages, in infancy and adult age is represented also in consideration of a
      combined treatment with methotrexate. In adults, application of important doses
      of high-energy radiation increases the risk of injurious effects to the central
      nervous system. If the spinal cord is involved, more than 60% of the radiolesions
      have a progredient course ending with death. The pathogenesis and disposing
      factors are referred to, and the incidence of radiation necrosis with regard to
      age and sex, the degrees of injury and their frequence within different ranges of
      dosage are analyzed on the basis of data from universal literature. An
      examination of "tolerance doses" for the spinal cord is made by means of
      Strandquist-diagrams and of the Ellis-formula. The slopes of regression lines are
      reported for various "degrees of response" in skin, brain and spinal cord
      following radiation therapy. In the Strandquist-diagram, slopes of regression
      lines are dependent on the "degree of response", flattening if skin and spinal
      cord are affected by radiation in the same degree, necroses having the same slope
      for both the organs.

PMID- 684781
TI  - [The time factor in radiogenic subcutaneous fibrosis (author's transl)].

PMID- 684782
TI  - [Results of high-dosage attack treatment with cytostatics in mammary and ovarian
      cancer (author's transl)].
AB  - A total of 80 patients was treated using a short-time high-dosage schedule of
      cytostatic therapy with cyclophosphamide, 5-FU, vincristin and methotrexate. In
      metastasizing mammary carcinoma and in ovarian cancer, the remission and growth
      stagnation rates obtained were in accordance with those resulting from well-known
      long-term schedules. The effect was less distinct in carcinoma of the cervix, and
      no effect was seen in adenocarcinoma of the uterine corpus. The possibilities of
      treatment with cytostatics resulting therefrom offer not only a better quality of
      the survival time as compared to long-term therapy, but also permit a more
      thorough control by an oncologic center.

PMID- 684783
TI  - [Influence of percutaneous radiation therapy upon the large salivary glands of
      the head: results from functional diagnostics using radionuclide techniques in 95
      patients (author's transl)].
AB  - We investigated the function of the parotid and submandibular glands in normals
      and in patients with radiotherapy in the head neck region by scintigraphic
      methods. The above given doses relate to an application scheme with 200 rd 5
      times per week. There is a relatively severe loss of function with small doses
      from 1000 to 2000 rd. After doses till 3000 rd, there is complete recovery of the
      gland function in about three months. After 4500 rd, there is in about 80% of the
      patients a complete recovery after about one year. After irradiation with 5000 or
      more rd, there is nearly in no person a recovery of the gland function. We did
      not find a compensatory increase in the function of a spared gland with
      compensation of irreversibly atrophic glands.

PMID- 684784
TI  - Effects of patient positioning and of thickness variations on radiotherapy.
AB  - Correct patient positioning is essential for good aiming in radiotherapy. This
      can be achieved using back and side pointers, but sometimes these devices are not
      being used in order to simplify and make the positioning faster. The effects of
      such a simplification have been studied and measured. The results of this
      experimental study show that in thicker patients (over 24 cm) the use of back and
      side pointers is of great importance, because the variation of the patient
      thickness and angulation can significantly influence the aiming angles and dose
      percentages.

PMID- 684785
TI  - [Protection from X-ray radiation in the surgical room (author's transl)].
AB  - Constructional radiation protection of X-ray examination rooms is perfectly
      settled by DIN 6812. The present study was intended to ascertain safe handling of
      X-rays in the surgical room. The measuring technique with LiF-dosimeters is
      described, and its results concerning the load to surgical personnel are
      communicated. Though, with frequent operations, the monthly turn-on time does not
      exceed thirty hours according to DIN 6811, the maximum permissible individual
      dose, nevertheless, will be exceeded. A practical representation of radiation
      load as a function of the turn-on time will facilitate to surgical personnel the
      estimation of dose. Then, spatial isodoses are shown by means of which the
      necessary protection equivalent of the building can be calculated. Even the
      minimum demand for a limitation of the controlled area to the surgical room does
      require lead-equivalent protection if the surgical room is small.

PMID- 684786
TI  - Absorbed dose distributions for electron beams from the sagittaire. Systematic
      measurements and their representation for introduction into a computer.
AB  - The principle of representation used consists of a description of the differences
      between actual dose distributions and ideal dose distributions. This description
      is based on relations linked to known discrete geometrical and physical
      quantities. The use of this principle is demonstrated for electron beams
      delivered by the CGR MeV Sagittaire linear accelerator: a systematic analysis of
      the results of the measurements leads to two methods based on elementary
      mathematics: the first uses successively two relations describing the isodose
      curves, and the second computes the dose for each point defined by its
      coordinates.

PMID- 684787
TI  - [Relationship between dose rate and oxygen effect (author's transl)].
AB  - Chinese hamster cells were exposed to 60Co gamma-rays using dose rates between
      3.64 and 0,01 Gy/min under euoxic or chronically hypoxic conditions of growth in
      order to clarify the relationship of the oxygen enhancement ratio (OER) to the
      dose rate. It turned out that the D0 of dose-effect curves from cells irradiated
      under euoxic conditions was increasing from 1.35 to 4.5 Gy with decreasing dose
      rates, whereas the curves from cells irradiated under chronically hypoxic
      conditions were not much influenced by the dose rate. The oxygen enhancement
      ratio decreased from 3.9 with 1.35 Gy/min to 1.8 with 0.07 Gy/min.

PMID- 684788
TI  - [Fractionated radiation treatment combined with hyperthermia in transplantable
      adenocarcinoma of the mouse (author's transl)].
AB  - Transplantable adenocarcinomas of the C3H mouse were treated with fractionated
      radiotherapy combined with local hyperthermia of 43.5 degrees C for 20 min before
      each dose fraction and local cure rate was determined. The sensitizing effect of
      hyperthermia was seen with fractionated treatment as well as with single
      treatment. The TER (thermal enhancement ratio), however, decreased with
      decreasing interval between the fractions.

PMID- 684789
TI  - [Influence of the dose rate on the therapeutic effect of 60Co-gamma-irradiation
      in murine adenocarcinoma (author's transl)].
AB  - Transplantable adenocarcinomas of C3H-mice were irradiated with doses between 7
      and 75 Gy, using a dose rate of 3.6 Gy/min, or with doses from 10 to 80 Gy using
      dose rates between 0.06 and 0.17 Gy/min from a 60Co-gamma source. A radiation
      induced delay of growth or the local cure were recorded. The relative
      effectiveness of irradiation of the tumor using a low dose rate decreases at
      first down to a value of 0.66 at 25 to 30 Gy, if the doses are increased; then,
      if the doses delivered are further increased, it mounts again to 0.88 when the
      median curative radiation dose is reached.

PMID- 684790
TI  - Radioactive antiglobulin testing with 125I anti-C4 and anti-C3.
AB  - The report describes methods for quantitating C4 and C3 coating of red blood
      cells using 125I anti-C4 and anti-C3. Two methods of preparing antisera were
      used; one involving absorption and elution from complement coated cells, and the
      other employing IgG fractions of antisera prepared on DEAE cellulose. White-cell
      free red blood cells were used in the test procedure. Both the labeled antisera
      and the test cells were diluted in cold carrier proteins, initially bovine serum
      albumin, but more recently normal rabbit serum. We have found that normal rabbit
      serum is particularly effective in reducing the high uptake of nonspecific counts
      on normal cells, which had previously been a major technical problem for the
      radioactive antiglobulin technique. These methods are highly reproducible and
      relatively easy to perform once the labeled antisera are prepared. Furthermore,
      the use of labeled antisera permits analysis of specificity by the highly
      sensitive technique of radioimmunoelectrophoresis. One problem with the technique
      is that results indicate uptake of labeled antisera, rather than amounts of
      coating substances. Nonetheless, the ease of performance and the reproducibility
      of the method, make the procedure very useful in comparative studies of uptake of
      C4 and C3 by red blood cells.

PMID- 684791
TI  - Modified microtiter tray method for blood typing.
AB  - A simple technique for red blood cell typing is described utilizing V-bottom
      microtiter trays with cell suspensions of 0.2%. This technique is many times more
      sensitive than tube or slide methods and can be used for direct agglutination,
      antiglobulin tests and mixed field agglutination.

PMID- 684792
TI  - The effect of aspirin on the hypotonic shock response.
AB  - The effect of aspirin on the hypotonic shock response was studied at 2, 6, 24,
      and 48 hours after ingestion of 1.6 g of acetylsalicylic acid. There was a marked
      acceleration of the recovery phase of the response at two hours. This steadily
      decreased and by 48 hours had returned to near normal values. In most cases there
      was also a change in the initial phase of the shock response. We have interpreted
      these results to indicate a change in membrane permeability (first phase effect)
      as well as an activation of the energy-dependent recovery (second phase). The
      latter process possibly is the result of an increase in the levels of available
      ATP. As previously reported, the response to aggregating agents was impaired in
      the presence of ASA. Normal and aspirinated platelets were mixed in an attempt to
      overcome the ASA effect. Using two hour postingestion samples we noted
      considerable impairment of both the hypotonic shock response and aggregation even
      in the presence of very high concentrations of normal platelets.

PMID- 684793
TI  - Temporary suppression of circulating antiplatelet alloantibodies by the massive
      infusion of fresh, stored, or lyophilized platelets.
AB  - Survival of 51Cr-labeled allogenic platelets was repeatedly measured in rabbits
      previously sensitized by weekly intradermal injections of platelets from donor
      animals. When values of recovery and survival time were reduced to very low
      levels, a massive infusion of platelets from randomly selected donor rabbits was
      given and survival study was repeated. A large increase in platelet survival and
      recovery was seen in every experiment. Similar results, although of lesser
      magnitude, were obtained with the infusion of platelets made nonviable by
      prolonged storage and, also, of lyophilized platelets. A significant increase in
      life span and recovery of allogenic platelets was also observed in two patients
      with thrombocytopenia due to aplastic anemia, severely allosensitized to
      platelets. After one massive infusion of viable or of nonviable platelets,
      survival and hemostatic effectiveness of subsequently infused allogenic platelets
      was greatly improved in both patients. Experimental blockade of the RES and
      titration of the serum alloantibody by the 14C-serotonin release method
      demonstrated that the favorable effect of the massive platelet infusions was due
      to the temporary adsorption of the alloantibody in the circulation of the
      sensitized animals. This two-step procedure of one massive infusion of viable,
      nonviable or lyophilized allogenic platelets followed by a small infusion of
      freshly collected platelets may be of practical value in arresting hemorrhage in
      selected thrombocytopenic patients refractory to all types of available donor
      platelets because of severe and complex alloimmunization.

PMID- 684794
TI  - Anti-lea as an autoantibody in the serum of le(a - b+) individual.
AB  - The first example of anti-Lea, as an autoantibody, in the serum of a
      phenotypically Le(a-b+) individual is described. The patient is a 55 year old
      male with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. His saliva contains Lea, Leb
      and H substances, and inhibits the hemagglutinating activity of his serum anti
      Lea. The Leb antigen content of his red blood cells is approximately half that of
      control Le(a-b+) red blood cells. The patient's disease process may be
      responsible for the development of this unexpected autoantibody.

PMID- 684795
TI  - The immunocompetence of residual lymphocytes at various stages of red cell
      cryopreservation with 40% w/v glycerol in an ionic medium at -80 C.
AB  - Potentially immunocompetent cells have been found in washed liquid-stored red
      blood cells, in washed liquid-stored red blood cells to which a 40% W/V glycerol
      concentration was added, and in washed red blood cells freeze-preserved with 40%
      W/V glycerol at -80 C. A glycerol concentration of 40% W/V in an ionic medium, in
      addition to its cryoprotective effect on red blood cells, has a damaging effect
      on leukocytes. The freeze-thaw-wash process appears to produce the most damage to
      leukocytes and the remaining lymphocytes can be categorized into two groups: one
      that is capable of responding to phytohemagglutinin (PHA), and one that is not.
      Our study confirmed the presence of PHA-responsive lymphocytes in red blood cells
      freeze-preserved with 40% W/V glycerol in an ionic medium at -80 C. Although the
      relative proportions of these cells were variable and the results of the study
      somewhat erratic, we continue to recommend that liquid-preserved and freeze
      preserved red blood cells be irradiated before transfusion to patients in whom
      graft-versus-host disease is a possible complication.

PMID- 684796
TI  - Reorganization of blood ordering practices.
AB  - Physicians order blood crossmatched on the basis of habit. The resulting
      unnecessary crossmatching for elective surgical procedures is costly and
      wasteful. By realigning crossmatching orders with actual expected needs,
      substantial savings can be realized in terms of personnel time, reagents, and
      outdating of units of blood.

PMID- 684797
TI  - Utilization of nursing teams in the collection of blood.
AB  - The practice of nursing is group oriented. This was recognized in the past, but
      has only recently gained full acknowledgment by nursing managment. The concept of
      team assignment for the nursing staff was implemented in the blood program
      several years ago. The problems of the professional nurse in blood banking are
      not the same as in an acute or an extended care facility. Team assignments can
      improve both the delivery of care and the efficiency of the operation in the
      blood program. This paper describes many of the problems incurred under the
      system of conventional staffing and will show how these problems can be either
      eliminated or modified through the use of team assignment. Two centers
      experienced with permanent team assignments report these conclusions.

PMID- 684798
TI  - The anatomy of a volunteer blood donation system.
AB  - This paper describes a questionnaire and interview study to determine
      motivational factors important in blood donor, nondonor and exdonor behaviors.
      From the results, a model of blood donor behavior was developed from which
      certain predictions of donor behavior could be made.

PMID- 684799
TI  - Optimal leukocyte removal from refrigerated blood with the IBM 2991 blood cell
      processor.
AB  - One hundred forty-six units of two to five-day-old refrigerated blood were washed
      with the IBM Blood Cell Processor. The ABO and Rh types of the units varied
      according to available inventory. This study was designed to select the best
      protocol from the 42 possible combinations utilizing the machine's variable red
      blood cell override (RCO). A one liter wash program was used. The two parameters
      selected for study were the per cent red blood cell recovery and the per cent
      white blood cell removal. The protocol of choice uses a RCO of four seconds in
      the first and second steps of the program. This protocol yields a washed unit
      with a mean red blood cell recovery of 82 per cent and a mean white cell removal
      of 93 per cent. Our studies indicate that the IBM Blood Cell Processor can be
      used to wash two to five day old refrigerated blood for the preparation of
      leukocyte-poor blood that would meet the Standards of the AABB.

PMID- 684800
TI  - "Naturally-occurring" anti-K1: possible association with mycobacterium infection.
AB  - We report a case of "naturally-occurring" (nonred blood cell stimulated) anti-K1.
      The patient had never received a blood transfusion. Red blood cell antibody
      screening panels showed agglutination with K:1 red blood cells at room
      temperature and not in the anti-globulin test. Testing with 2-mercaptoethanol
      showed the antibody to be IgM. The antibody is "naturally-occurring" and may be
      associated with pulmonary tuberculosis.

PMID- 684801
TI  - Blood group testing of ancient material with particular reference to the mummy
      Nakht.
AB  - An international multidisciplinary team performed an autopsy on the mummy of
      Nakht, a 16-year-old Egyptian boy who died 3200 years ago. Excavation records and
      translation of hieroglyphics provide a positive identification. The histological
      techniques, both at the light and electron microscope levels, demonstrate
      remarkable preservation of normal and diseased structures. Splenic material and
      dark brown substance obtained from the inside of the sigmoid sinus of Nakht,
      during the examination of the contents of the cranial cavity, were tested using
      the SMM and IAT procedures. Repeated testing of the splenic material using SMM
      produced no agglutination and was complicated by hemolysis of the absorbed group
      O cells due to contaminating bacteria and fungi. However, when used in the IAT,
      splenic material gave a positive result for blood group B. The sigmoid sinus
      material produced a positive reaction for blood group B when used with the SMM
      and with the IAT. The blood cells recovered from Nakht are believed to be the
      oldest known preserved human red and white blood cells. The authors also believe
      that the testing techniques employed in this study are reliable and hence feel
      confident that the Egyptian boy Nakht, who is 3200 years old, was blood group B.

PMID- 684802
TI  - HLA antigens in plasma protein fraction and albumin.
AB  - Renal allograft survival is signficantly worse than average in recipients who
      have never had blood transfusions. It has been speculated that this might be
      explained by the fact that patients on chronic dialysis often received plasma
      protein fraction (PPF) instead of blood and that HLA antigens from serum were
      likely to present in PPF. We have examined four different lots of both PPF and
      albumin for the presence of HLA antigens. Using the microlymphocytotoxicity
      technique, each lot was tested for the ability to neutralize ten different
      antisera containing antibodies against well-defined HLA antigens. In every case,
      no inhibition was observed--even when the ratio of blood derivative to antiserum
      was as high as 256:1. These results suggest that if PPF and albumin do contain
      HLA antigens, they are present at levels too low to be detected by the
      cytotoxicity test routinely used in HLA typing.

PMID- 684803
TI  - Transfusion reactions reported after transfusions of red blood cells and of whole
      blood.
AB  - Reactions reported after transfusion of 19,126 units of whole blood and of 42,678
      units of red blood cells were analysed. The reaction rate with whole blood was
      about two and one-half times as great as with red blood cells.

PMID- 684804
TI  - The natural history of alloimmunization to platelets.
AB  - Sixty-three patients have provided evidence that platelets are highly immunogenic
      even in recipients of potentially immunosuppressive therapy for malignant
      diseases. Approximately 70 per cent of patients who receive repeated transfusions
      of platelets from random donors over a prolonged period can be expected to
      develop lymphocytotoxic antibodies. Antibodies became detectable in one patient
      ten days after his first exposure to HLA antigens in the form of platelet
      concentrates, and as early as four days in two patients with prior exposure to
      HLA antigens. In the most heavily immunized patients, the presence of antibody
      correlated with poor increments of platelets after transfusion. Patients with
      prior exposure to HLA antigens are more likely to have antibodies resulting in
      poor platelet survival. On the other hand, 30 per cent of recipients of repeated
      platelet transfusions show no tendency to form cytotoxic antibodies.

PMID- 684805
TI  - Detection of mouse alloantibodies by rosetting with protein A-coated sheep red
      blood cells.
AB  - Staphylococcal protein A has an affinity for the Fc portion of the IgG molecule
      of different species and can therefore be used to detect cell-bound
      immunoglobulin. Using this property, protein A coupled to sheep red blood cells
      via chromic chloride can detect alloantibodies to mouse H-2, Thy-1, Ly-1, 2, 4,
      5, 6, and 7, and Ia antigenic specificities bound to the surface of lymphocytes
      by the formation of rosettes. In comparison with other rosetting and cytotoxicity
      assays, the protein A assay shows a greater sensitivity than does cytotoxicity
      using spleen cells as the target, as does the sheep anti-mouse Ig rosetting
      assay, whereas cytotoxicity shows greater sensitivity with some antisera on
      thymocytes. The major advantages of the protein A assay are that constant low
      reproducible backgrounds are obtained, there is no need to remove surface Ig by
      capping prior to antiserum treatment, and that viable cells can be recovered.

PMID- 684806
TI  - Influence of cyclophosphamide on the antibody response evoked by an experimental
      sarcoma in rats.

PMID- 684807
TI  - [Hereditary differences in the surface luminescence of the cotyledons of common
      vetch (Vicia sativa L.) seeds].

PMID- 684808
TI  - [Frequency of spontaneous chromosome aberrations in yarrow species].

PMID- 684809
TI  - [Micro- and macrosporogenesis in the F1 and F2 of a currant-gooseberry hybrid].

PMID- 684810
TI  - [Modifying effect of the female genotype on the frequency of t-haplotype
      transmission to the progeny of T/t6 compound male mice].
AB  - Female genotype effects on the transmission of t-haplotypes from heterozygous
      males to offspring has been established. The CBA females transmitted T-gene to 29
      per cent, C57BL/6 females to 47 per cent, and F1 hybrid females to 39 per cent of
      their offspring. The differences in the transmission rate are supposed to depend
      on female genotype and to be determined by selective ageing of T-carrying sperms
      in female genital tract when compared to t6-carrying sperms, because the interval
      between copulation and syngamy in C57BL/6 females is shorter than in CBA females.
      These data indicate the phenotypical differences between T- and t6-carrying
      sperms.

PMID- 684811
TI  - [Cytogenetic study of the effect of vaccinia virus on cells from embryo and adult
      mice].
AB  - After immunization with vaccinia virus an increase in frequency of aneuploids and
      secondary chromosomal constrictions is observed in adult mice. Moreover, an
      increased frequency of chromosomal aberrations was demonstrated. The increase in
      the number of secondary chromosomal constrictions indicates an activation of
      nucleolar-organizing regions.

PMID- 684812
TI  - [Antimutagenic and antiteratogenic properties of dimexide (DMSO)].
AB  - The influence of dimexide (dimethylsulphoxide, DMSO) on the manifestation of
      teratogenic and embryolethal properties and mutagenic effect of pyrimethamine
      (antimalarial drug) and 6-mercaptopurine (antitumoral compound) has been
      examined. Under the conditions of preliminary action of dimexide the embryolethal
      and teratogenic activity of the drugs studied reduced on the 13th day of rat
      embryos; the level of cytogenic effect of these compounds on rat males bone
      marrow cells also reduced.

PMID- 684813
TI  - [HLA antigens among Ukrainians in Odessa and its suburbs].
AB  - 389 Ukrainians of Odessa and its suburbs were typed in accordance with HLA
      system. HLA antigens distribution corresponded to Hardy-Weinberg's law. The
      antigens in the Ukrainians which occurred more frequently were A2, 3, Iw25, B12,
      7 and Bw35. The most frequent haplotypes turned out to be A2, B12, A3, B7; Aw25,
      Bw16 and A1, B8. The highest gamete association wat noted for these haplotypes.
      The smallest genetic distance was found between the Odessa Ukrainian and Moscow
      Russian population, while the greatest distance was revealed between the
      Ukrainian and Japanese population.

PMID- 684814
TI  - [Sequential use of two developers with different contrast to produce black and
      white microphotographs for cytogenetic research].

PMID- 684816
TI  - [Anatomo-cytologic traits of tetraploid monoecious hemp].

PMID- 684815
TI  - [Use of wolfram trioxide for setting off preparations of nucleic acids].
AB  - The use of tungsten trioxide for shadowing nucleic acids is shown to be possible.
      Approximately 20 mg of tungsten trioxide could be prepared by heating (25 s, 2 V)
      a coil (4 turns, 1.5 mm i.d.) made of tungsten wire 0.5 mm diameter in a vacuum
      evaporator at atmospheric pressure. As revealed by electron microscopy, this
      amount of tungsten trioxide is sufficient for qualitative rotary shadowing phage
      lambda DNA.

PMID- 684817
TI  - [Hybrids of triticale and agrotriticum. II].
AB  - Meiosis in F1 plants of Triticale X Agrotriticum hybrids with 56- and 63
      chromosomes and different genome composition is shown to be strongly violated.
      The following main anomalies of meiosis were revealed: the univalent state of
      chromosomes; an irregular movement of 8 to 33 chromosomes to the poles; the lag
      of 6 to 25 chromosomes and their premature splitting into chromatids; formation
      of micronuclei in diads and tetrads, formation of polyads. The average number of
      bivalents per one cell was 14.1-14.6.

PMID- 684818
TI  - [DNA synthesis of the first 2 pairs of autosomes in chick bone marrow cells].

PMID- 684819
TI  - [Types of hemoglobin and amylase and their role in the ecologo-genetic
      differentiation of yak and cattle populations].

PMID- 684820
TI  - [Metabolism of nuclear proteins during hormone-dependent cell differentiation in
      the mammae of goats].
AB  - The metabolism of nuclear proteins was studied at differentiation of mammary
      cells in the tissue culture with lactogenic hormones. The synthesis of nuclear
      acidic proteins under the influence of insulin is shown to be an initial step in
      cell differentiation of the gland; later the DNA synthesis is stimulated, and the
      synthesis and phosphorylation of histones are intestified. The inducing action of
      prolactin on the synthesis of RNA and casein is displayed only after the action
      of insulin and hydrocortisone on the tissue.

PMID- 684821
TI  - [Case of pleiotropism in the tropical oak silkworm Antheraea mulitta Drury
      (Lepidotera, Saturniidae)].

PMID- 684822
TI  - [Effect of thyroid hormones on the ultrastructure of human embryo fibroblast-like
      cells].

PMID- 684823
TI  - [Structuro-functional state of the protein synthesizing apparatus of rat
      hepatocytes during the early stages of liver regeneration. III].

PMID- 684824
TI  - Features of the reproduction of epiphyseal cartilage perivascular cells according
      to the results of an autoradiographic study.
AB  - In the system of a vascular-cellular complex of cartilage epiphyses the
      perivascular cells exhibited the highest proliferative activity, as revealed by
      autoradiography with labelled DNA precursor (3H-thymidine). The constant loss of
      cells after division in this population is probably associated with their
      differentiation and transition into another state. This phenomenon is strongly
      pronounced at the centre of enhondral ossification, and perivascular cells could
      be considered as one of possible sources of histogenesis developed in cartilage
      epiphyses.

PMID- 684825
TI  - [Possibility of synchronizing cell populations in embryonic barley meristem].
AB  - Cell populations of the apical root parts, stem embryo and the leaf of barley
      seedlings are found to have different sensitivity to the synchronizing effect of
      5-aminouracil, low temperature (+2 degrees C) and colchicine. The effect of 5
      aminouracil and low temperature in the presence of colchicine proved to be the
      most effective in respect to synchronization of the root meristem cell
      populations. It also increases significantly the mitotic activity in the stem
      embryo and leaf meristems. The leaf meristem is more sensitive to low temperature
      as compared to the stem embryo meristem.

PMID- 684826
TI  - [Fine structure of the chromosomes of hexaploid wheat antipodal cells].
AB  - At the postendoreduplicative stage of chromosomes of antipodes are shown to be
      depolytenized and represented by solitary 0.1-0.3 micrometer chromonemas.
      Micropuffs and chromomer-like regions were found in the chromonemas. The
      chromonem puffing takes place independently of the nuclear membrane. A
      degradation of antipodal chromosomes begins in the zone of the nucleolus and
      spreads gradually over the whole nucleus. Later the cell is destructed but the
      nucleoli remain intact. Some of them are giant and vacuolized, others are similar
      to nucleoli of the usual low-ploidal nuclei.

PMID- 684827
TI  - [Mutagenic effect of several pesticides on durum spring wheat].
AB  - Spraying of spring wheat plants during vegetation with herbicides of 2,4-D group
      and ethrel increased chromosome aberrations in meiosis 2.8-5, 3.6-4.1 times. The
      insecticides, chlorophos and phtalophos, in a little higher dosage than it is
      usually practised increased the spontaneous level of chromosome aberrations 3.1
      5.5 times. Phtalophos also induced chlorophyll mutations. These results testify
      to the necessity of keeping strictly to the established normative doses, because
      of overdosage is of potential genetic danger to spring wheat crops.

PMID- 684828
TI  - [Correlation between the content of dry substances in fruit and other traits in
      generations of hybrid tomatoes].

PMID- 684829
TI  - [Cytomixis in Dracocephalum imberbe Bunge (Fam. Lamiaceae Lindl.)].

PMID- 684830
TI  - [Changes in the blood-brain barrier and cytoarchitectonics of cerebral cortex
      cells in endotoxic shock].

PMID- 684831
TI  - [Biological oxidation in cells exposed to microwaves in the millimeter range].
AB  - In the cells of RH, SPEV and HEp-2 lines irradiated with 6.5 mm radiowaves of 1
      mW/cm2 flux density the following phenomena were established: activation of
      succinate dehydrogenase and ATPase; reduction of cytochrome oxidase, NAD- and
      NADP-diaphorase, acid and alkaline phosphatase activities; repression of 3H
      thymidine incorporation in DNA and of 3H-uridine incorporation in RNA; violation
      of ultrastructure; suppression of cellular proliferation; decrease of mitotic
      activity; occurrence of pathological forms of mitosis.

PMID- 684832
TI  - [Effect of ultra-high frequency range electromagnetic energy on blood
      cytochemical indices].

PMID- 684833
TI  - [Cytogenetic effect of inorganic wolfram, zinc, cadmium and cobalt compounds on
      human and animal somatic cells].

PMID- 684834
TI  - [Effect of hydrocortisone on the ultrastructure of liver cells in alloxan
      diabetic rats].

PMID- 684835
TI  - [Changes in the cytochemical characteristics of mesenteric mast cells of white
      mice during degranulation].

PMID- 684836
TI  - [Comparative study of the karyotype and histostructure of neoplasms of the
      uterine body, stomach and malignant melanoma].
AB  - Direct analysis of karyotype revealed a heterogeneity of chromosome composition,
      variations in modal lines and chromosome aberrations, diversity of marker
      chromosome morphology. The variability of cytogenetic alterations was found in
      tumors both of the same and of different origin. These results established the
      nature of genome and chromosome alterations in the investigated tumors. The
      problem is discussed of a possible use of cytogenetic analysis for a more
      concrete characterization of human tumors in terms of their biological features.

PMID- 684837
TI  - [Comparative morphometric study of the ultrastructure of mouse liver sinusoid
      endothelial and Kupffer cells in physiologically normal animals].
AB  - The ultrastructure of the sinusoidal endothelial and Kupffer cells of mouse liver
      has been studied under the normal physiological conditions according to the
      morphometric method. The similarity of quantitative characteristics of some
      subcellular structure of these cells has been determined. Essential differences
      between endothelial and Kupffer cells were revealed that well compare with the
      results of the investigation of their endocytous ability.

PMID- 684838
TI  - [Ultrastructure of a mechanoreceptor neuron with acceleration of its adptation to
      an adequate stimulus].
AB  - Ultrastructural changes were followed in the isolated mechanoreceptor neurons of
      the crayfish during post-excitational short-term trace processes (i.e.
      acceleration of the adaptional state), after repeated adaquate excitations.
      Fibrillar rearrangements of the mitochondrial cristae in the axonal mitochondria
      took place at the moderate excitation, no visible changes being seen in the
      somatic mitochondria and other organelles. However, the swelling of periaxonal
      areas and the rupture between strands of microtubules and electrogenic membrane
      occurred at the end of the fatique stimulation. In addition, the swelling of
      somatic mitochondria in the perinuclear zone and of the reticulum was noticed.
      Besides, the survival time of the excited isolated neurons strongly depended on
      the functional state of the surrounding glial cells. It is suggested that
      energetic processes are strongly involved in the postexcitational short-term
      traces.

PMID- 684839
TI  - [Electron microscopic study of perisomatic process development in cerebellar
      cortex pyriform neurons during prenatal human ontogenesis].
AB  - Perisomatic processes are shown to be temporary morphological formations that
      appear within 16-28 weeks of embryogenesis, their development being characterized
      by a certain succession. Perisomatic processes form multiple synaptic complexes
      with axon endings of unknown origin adherent to perikaryons of pear-shaped
      neurons. These axon endings are supposed to belong to afferent climbing fibers of
      cerebellum stimulating differentiation of pear-shaped neurons, localization of
      these fibers causing a certain succession in the development of perisomatic
      processes.

PMID- 684840
TI  - [Effect of combined administration of estradiol and progesterone on the mitotic
      cycle of the epithelial tissues of the reproductive tract of ovariectomized white
      rats].
AB  - The duration of stages of the cell cycle in the uterine and vaginal tissues of
      ovariectomized rats, treated with estradiol and estradiol-progesterone, was
      estimated using the labeled mitosis method. The joint treatment shortened G2
      period in epithelial tissues. In the uterine epithelial tissues of estradiol
      progesterone treated rats, the duration of S period was prolonged. In all
      tissues, progesterone stimulated the entry of cells into a second round of DNA
      synthesis. The estrogen-gestagen treatment inhibited the movement of vaginal
      epithelial cells from basal to superficial layers.

PMID- 684841
TI  - [Inhibition of the process of sugar transport stimulation in the frog sartorius
      muscles by amines and amides].
AB  - In the experiments on isolated frog sartorius muscles, amines and amides were
      found to inhibit the process of stimulation of D-xylose transport induced by
      insulin, 2,4-dinitrophenol or potassium contracture. The inhibitory action was
      produced by urea, acetamide, guanidine, NH4Cl, mono-, di- and trimethyl- or
      ethylamines, some diamines (all the substances being, applied in the
      concentration range equal to 100 mM). The similar effect was obtained when
      cystamine (20 mM), tryptamine, 5-methoxytryptamine (2 mM) and adenine, adenosine,
      guanosine (1-10 mM) were used. There was no inhibitory effect of acetone,
      glycerol, tetraethylammonium, propilamine, butylamine, aminoacids, spermine,
      spermidine, ATP, AMP or cAMP. It has been suggested that the inhibitory
      substances may interact by producing hydrogen bonds from NH-groups with the
      neutrally or negatively charged groups at the external surface of the muscle
      membrane in the region with a slow hydrophobicity. As a result, no structural
      changes required for activation of the sugar transport system occur in the
      membrane.

PMID- 684842
TI  - Changes in the "shape reaction" and "orientation reaction" of cell nuclei as a
      consequence of neoplastic transformation.
AB  - Reactions of cell nuclei on curvature of cylindrical surfaces (curvature radii
      333, 75 or 61 mcm) in 9 lines of cultured transformed human, Syrian hamster, rat
      and murine fibroblasts were studied quantitatively. The nuclear elongation was
      assessed as a ratio of long to short axes. Contact orientation was characterized
      by values derived from the angles, formed by long nuclear axes with the direction
      of cylinder axis. Due to transformation, cells lost the ability to elongate their
      nuclei in response to cultivation on cylindrical surfaces. The ability of cells
      cultured on cylindrical surfaces to increase the contact orientation values was
      also lost or weakened considerably.

PMID- 684843
TI  - [Effect of macrophage and tumor cell fixation on their immunogenicity and
      antigenicity in an H-2 system].
AB  - A short-term fixation of macrophage monolayers by 0.002-0.25% glutaraldehyde
      solutions gives rise to inhibition of the specific adherence of allogeneic immune
      cytotoxic lymphocytes to treated monolayers, but does not prevent the absorption
      of anti-H-2 antibodies. Sarcoma cells fixed by a 0.25% glutaraldehyde or a 3%
      formaldehyde lost their capacity to induce cytotoxic lymphocytes, rosette forming
      cells or antibodies in allogeneic mice. The induction of the secondary response
      by fixed tumor cells was significantly reduced. The results fit well a conception
      on non-identity of determinants recognized by T cell receptors and serologically
      defined H-2 specificities.

PMID- 684844
TI  - [A synchronous mitoses in differentiated cardiac muscle cells of young mammals].

PMID- 684845
TI  - [Lactate dehydrogenase and Krebs cycle enzyme activity in rat liver during the
      growth of transplanted and spontaneous tumors].
AB  - Certain distinctions in the mouse and rat liver responses to transplanted and
      spontaneous tumours have been discovered at the initial periods of their growth.
      The most pronounced changes (the mosaic distribution of enzymatic activity in the
      lobe) are observed in the case of spontaneous tumours. Activities the Krebs cycle
      enzymes, especially of NAD-dependent enzymes are seen inhibited in the tumour
      bearing liver at the terminal periods of growth of both spontaneous and
      transplanted tumours; lactate dehydrogenase activity increases (with the
      exception of mitochondrial lactate dehydrogenase in the rat liver with
      transplanted sarcomas).

PMID- 684846
TI  - [Autoradiographic study of incorporation of 3H-leucine into different retinal
      cells of mice].

PMID- 684847
TI  - [Changes in hepatocytes and the functional activity of the adrenal cortex in rats
      following administration of the pigment anthraquinone violet].
AB  - The response of hepatocytes and cells of adrenal cortex of males of white rats to
      a single introduction per os of sunflower oil or anthraquinone violet pigment
      (AVP), routinely used for the painting of plastics, was evaluated. 5 ml of
      sunflower oil or of AVP, prepared as oil suspension, were fed. After 1 or 24 hour
      introductions of oil, an increase in dividing ability of hepatocytes was
      observed, whereas after 6 or 72 hour introductions no difference from the control
      was registered. The introduction of oil caused a decrease of the functional
      activity of cells in fasciculata zone of adrenal cortex after 1, 6, 24 and 72
      hours, as judged from changes in the nuclear volume. AVP in doses of 5.0 and 1.2
      g/kg intensified hepatic polyploidy after 1 and 24 hours as compared with rats
      administered only the oil. After 6 and 72 hours, no difference from the control
      was registered. In the fasciculata zone of adrenal cortex, AVP in both the doses
      employed increased the functional activity of cells after 1, 6 and 24 hours. The
      nature of the response of hepatic cells on the introduction of the above
      substances presumably depends on the degree of adrenal cortex functional
      activity.

PMID- 684848
TI  - [Ultrastructure of the cells of surviving hippocampal slices during the
      incubation process].
AB  - The dynamics of ultrastructural changes in the pyramidal neurons from the CA3
      area of hippocampal slices was studied. It was shown that after 5 hours'
      incubation changes in the reticulum, nuclear envelope and mitochondria took
      place. No visible changes were seen in different synapses after incubation longer
      than 5 hours. It might be seen that the glial cells had their structural
      integrity after 30 hours. The data obtained were in a good agreement with our
      electrophysiological observations of neurons of the same area. The present data
      suggests that the brain slices in vitro are convenient objects for a parallel
      ultrastructural and electrophysiological study of the properties of neurons
      within a 1-5 hours incubation.

PMID- 684849
TI  - [Correlation between the number of centrioles and ploidy of mouse liver
      hepatocytes].
AB  - Using the electron microscope it was shown that in interphase hepatocytes with
      ploidies equal to 2n, 2n.2, 4n, 4n.2 and 8n, the number of centrioles per cell
      exactly corresponded to the ploidy of the cell. Both in mononuclear and binuclear
      cells all the centrioles are accumulated in one complex in which each pair of
      centrioles forms a diplosome. In binuclear cells, the complex of diplosomes is
      situated at equal distances from each nucleus, thus making the cell centre. The
      involvement of the supernumerous centrioles in polyploid metaphase cells was
      detected for the regenerating liver of old mice. It was found that each mitotic
      pole had at least four centrioles. In the pole, a pair of centrioles forms
      diplosomes tightly connected to each other. It is suggested that the initially
      tetraploid cell might divide in this manner. In addition, a question is discussed
      on how the existence of centrioles can be associated with the mechanism of
      polyploidization.

PMID- 684850
TI  - [Mitochondria as possible "targets" in neuroallergy].
AB  - During experimental allergic encephalomyelitic (EAE) in dogs, it was established
      with electron microscope that mitochondria of neurons and glia of the central
      nervous system (CNS) were most sensitive organelles to the development of
      neuroallergy. Swelling of mitochondria, disruption of their membranes,
      desorganization of mitochondrian cristae were observed in the incubation period;
      these alterations were seen increasing by the moment of clinical manifestation of
      EAE. Immunization of guinea pigs by mitochondrial fractions of dog's brain cortex
      with Freund's adjuvant resulted in the manifestation of clinical and
      morphological signs of EAE in the CNS in addition to a significant destruction of
      mitochondria. The idea of the initial alteration of different membranous
      structures of the CNS during demyelinating processes in brain is put forward.

PMID- 684851
TI  - [Morphologic, electrophysiologic and metabolic indices of cerebellar neuron
      functioning in tissue culture].
AB  - A comparative investigation of morphological, electrophisiological and metabolic
      indices of the functioning of cerebellar neurons developing in vivo and in
      conditions of the organotypical culture permitted us to distinguish a period (20-
      25 days) when properties of the culture of nervous tissue most resemble the
      characteristics of the brain of adult animals. Cultivated nervous tissue may be
      used as a model for studies of fine mechanisms of the nervous system functioning
      in the ontogenesis.

PMID- 684852
TI  - [Effect of ethanol and its metabolite acetaldehyde on the chromosomal apparatus
      of rat and human cells].
AB  - A higher level of cells with a changed number of chromosomes in leucocyte blood
      culture of chronic alcohol users (drunkards) and spermatogency cells of
      alcoholized rats has been noticed. Ethanol metabolite acetaldehyde exerts the
      same influence in the leucocyte blood culture of healthy donors. A prolonged
      influence of ethanol on rats, and also the effect of large doses of ethanol on
      the leucocyte blood culture of healthy donors cause an increase in the quantity
      of cells with chromosome translocations and gaps.

PMID- 684854
TI  - Abstracts of environmental health, community health and diseases and their
      control.

PMID- 684853
TI  - [Use of a histological fixative for extraction of the RNA precursor pool from
      mollusk nerve tissue].
AB  - The incorporation of 3H-uridine into the nucleotide pool of the molluscan nerve
      tissue was calculated in a routine fixative solution (formalin--alcohol--acetic
      acid, 9:3:1). The optimal conditions for the precursor output from the tissue
      being studied, the results obtained well compare with those obtained by common
      biochemical techniques. Our method gives a possibility to use the same sample of
      tissue for historadiographical investigation of labeled RNA and for cytochemical
      determination of nuclear acid amounts.

PMID- 684855
TI  - Miliary tuberculosis diagnosed by fibreoptic bronchoscopy and transbronchial
      biopsy.
AB  - Fibreoptic bronchoscopy with bronchial washing and trasnbronchial biopsy was
      performed in 8 patients with miliary tuberculosis and helped establish the
      diagnosis in 6 (75%). This procedure may provide a valuable adjunct to the
      diagnosis of miliary tuberculosis.

PMID- 684856
TI  - Hypochromia as a clinical sign of tuberculosis in the tropics.
AB  - The skin colour of 106 Nigerian tuberculosis patients was measured by
      colorimetry; and a relative hypochromia, particularly of the face, was found to
      be associated with tuberculous infection. The hypochromia reached a significant
      degree compared to a group of 126 control patients with other medical conditions
      from whom tuberculosis had been excluded. Successful treatment of the
      tuberculosis resulted in re-pigmentation. It is suggested that relative
      hypochromia should be included in the list of non-specific signs which may be
      looked for when considering tuberculosis in the differential diagnosis of chronic
      cough, and debilitating disease, in the African. The hypochromia of protein
      calorie malnutrition was not included in the study, but its importance in
      relation to coincident tuberculosis is noted. A simple method of measuring skin
      colour in the consulting room needs to be developed.

PMID- 684857
TI  - Stability of dilute solutions of tuberculin purified protein derivative.
AB  - The biological potency of 15 commercially available tuberculin solutions prepared
      from a master batch of tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) (PPD-CT68)
      and using a newly formulated diluent (Connaught diluent) containing 0.0005% Tween
      80 as an anti-adsorption agent and 0.3% phenol as a preservative, was determined
      after storage for various intervals at 4, 24 and 37 degrees C. The 5 tuberculin
      units (TU) per 0.1 ml dose solutions were bioequivalent to a non-stabilized
      solution of PPD-S whereas the 1 TU and 250 TU per dose solutions were equivalent
      by calculation to a non-stabilized solution of PPD-S. It was found that the PPD
      solutions of all 3 strengths, 1, 5 and 250 TU per dose, were stable for at least
      3 years at 4 degrees C and for 2 years at room temperature (24 degrees C). Even
      at 37 degrees C the solutions of all 3 strengths were stable for at least 1 year.
      The stability of Connaught tuberculin PPD solutions has not been affected by the
      changes in formulation. The stability data suggest that the expiry date of the
      newly formulated tuberculin products could be at least two years from the data of
      the last satisfactory potency test. Although these products are stable for at
      least 1 year even at 37 degrees C, we nonetheless agree with the Canadian and
      U.S. regulations that they be stored at 2 to 8 degrees C in their original
      containers.

PMID- 684858
TI  - Phenotypes of BCG-vaccines seed lot strains: results of an international
      cooperative study. International Union against Tuberculosis.
AB  - Ninety-one tests were performed on 8 BCG-seed lot strains by 7 cooperating
      laboratories. From the tests performed in 2 or more laboratories regarding which
      there were agreement, a catalogue of 35 test characters was prepared.

PMID- 684859
TI  - Can life be the same after cancer treatment?

PMID- 684860
TI  - Morphological and cytogenetical changes in HR-18 rat ascites cells after in vitro
      3-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]-4-methylbenzoic acid (NSC-146171; IOB-82)
      administration.
AB  - A bifunctional alkylating agent, 3-[Bis(2-chloroethyl) amino]-4-methylbenzoic
      acid (NSC-146171; IOB-82) was administered in HR-18 rat ascites cell cultures
      (which presented 2 morphologic cellular types: A and B type cells, genetically, 2
      cellular populations having 41-45 and 85-86 chromosomes and cells with high
      ploidy), and the morphological and cytogenetical effects were related to the
      compound concentration. Thus, 24 h after IOB-82 administration in small doses
      (3.62 X 10(-4) micron/ml), important morphological changes were observed: nuclear
      changes (denuded nuclei, pyknosis) and cytoplasmic alterations (breaks at the
      exoplasm level, followed by cytoplasmic extrusions in extracellular spaces,
      cytoplasmic vacuolization). In addition to these changes, other abnormalities
      were observed when IOB-82 was administered in large doses (3.62 X 10(-3)
      micron/ml), i.e., nuclear changes (nuclear residues, granulation of the nuclear
      material and spreading of the nuclear content into cytoplasm) and cytoplasmic
      alterations (cytoplasmic shades and accentuated cytoplasmic vacuolization).
      Generally, the large A-type cells were more affected. Twenty-four h after IOB-82
      treatment (with small or large doses), the chromatid and chromosome aberrations
      (gaps, breaks, deletions, fragments) were also observed. These aberrations were
      more numerous when IOB-82 was administered in large doses. Both morphological and
      cytogenetical changes indicate that the effect of IOB-82 could be radiomimetic.
      Changes produced and their incidence appear to depend on the concentration of IOB
      82 employed and the morphological type of ascites cells. These are expressed in
      terms of multiple abnormality production in these cells. IOB-82 treatment
      produced changes in chromosome numbers and especially the disappearance of
      polyploid cells and cell populations with 85-86 chromosomes. These results
      indicate a possible correlation between the increased sensitivity of HR-18 rat
      ascites cells and changes in ploidy.

PMID- 684861
TI  - Homology between cellular repeated nucleotide sequences and a murine leukemia
      viral genome.
AB  - Moloney murine leukemia virus c-DNA hybridizes mainly with cellular middle
      repeated sequences of NIH-Swiss mouse spleen DNA, fragmented to different
      lengths, denatured and renatured to an intermediate value of Cot, and
      fractionated in an Ag+-Cs2SO4 preparative gradient suitable to separate unique,
      middle repeated and highly repeated DNA.

PMID- 684862
TI  - Contribution of cytology, colposcopy, target biopsy and conization to the early
      diagnosis of precancerous and cancerous lesions of the cervix uteri.
AB  - The study is based on 334 cytologic suspect or positive women observed in the
      area of Florence. Cytologic diagnoses of dysplasia, carcinoma in situ (CIS), and
      invasive carcinoma are related to the histologic reports. To the same histologic
      reports are related the colposcopic aspects. Lastly, diagnoses made by target
      biopsy are compared with the final diagnoses made by cone biopsy. The 3
      diagnostic methods and their diagnostic accuracy are then compared. As regards
      dysplasia, the diagnostic precision of cytology is 40.2% and for target biopsy in
      76.9%. In the diagnosis of CIS, cytology shows a diagnostic accuracy (77.7%) that
      is a little lower than that of target biopsy (81.7%). In invasive carcinoma,
      cytology has a good diagnostic precision (88.2%), which becomes 100% if the
      diagnosis is made by target biopsy. The correlation between colposcopic aspects
      and histologic reports is not very reliable. We conclude that cytology is a valid
      test in an extensive mass screening, that colposcopy is essential to execute
      target biopsy, and that the latter is useful in defining dysplasia and invasive
      carcinoma diagnoses. On the contrary, in the case of CIS, target biopsy does not
      greatly increase cytology diagnostic precision.

PMID- 684863
TI  - Gross body composition changes in patients with cancer of the uterine cervix
      treated with irradiation.
AB  - Gross body composition studies done on a group of 11 women with cervical cancer
      before and after completion of radiotherapy revealed moderate compositional
      changes. There was after irradiation a tendency towards weight loss, connected
      with some increase of relative total body water content and also its
      extracellular fraction. The weight loss was due to a decrease of body fat and
      cell mass, whereas extracellular spaces tended to increase. There was a tendency
      towards a drop in plasma sodium concentration and an increase of its total
      content in extracellular water. A significant drop of the potassium serum
      concentration was observed.

PMID- 684864
TI  - Gastroscopy and directed biopsy in the diagnosis of primary gastric lymphomas.
      Report of 16 personal cases.
AB  - The results of an endoscopic bioptic study of 16 cases of primary gastric
      malignant lymphoma are reported. Endoscopic observation suggested a diagnosis of
      malignant lymphoma in 50% of the cases, while directed biopsy gave a similar
      diagnosis in 75% of the cases. A correlation of the endoscopic and the histologic
      results gave a diagnostic reliability or 87.5% (14 of 16 cases). In order to
      obtain also in this group of neoplasms the diagnostic positivity already obtained
      in the epithelial forms, both improvement in the bioptic sampling technique and a
      better knowledge of the endoscopic morphology of the lesions must be achieved.

PMID- 684865
TI  - Clinical results of lymphography in cancer of the uterine cervix. A retrospective
      study of 542 consecutive, unselected patients.
AB  - From 1961 to 1976, 542 patients were evaluated with foot lymphography for cancer
      of the cervix at the Istituto Nationale Tumori of Milan. A group of 341 patients
      had lymphangiography as part of the initial diagnostic work-up. The overall
      incidence of positive examinations was 25% (9% stage I, 29% stage II, 46% stage
      III, 50% stage IV). In the 115 patients who had pelvic surgery the overall
      diagnostic accuracy of lymphography was 88%, with 2 false positive and 12 false
      negative reports. A second group of 90 patients was evaluated in the follow-up
      without clinical evidence of disease, and the incidence of metastases was 17%.
      Finally, group of 111 patients was studied for recurrence, and in this group the
      incidence of metastases was 51%. As regards site of involvement, the external
      iliac chains were involved in 93 to 96% of the cases, the common iliac in 34 to
      79%, and the para-aortic in 17 to 36% in the different clinical conditions. The
      highest incidence of para-aortic metastases was found in the clinically initial
      stages (I and II) and in the recurrences. The lymphographic involvement of the
      retroperitoneal nodes was usually limited to a single region (41%) or two regions
      (37%). Only in 22% of the positive  cases was a diffuse involvement of the
      retroperitoneal node chains evident.

PMID- 684866
TI  - Intravenous administration of BCG in advanced melanoma patients.
AB  - From June 1975 to August 1977, 19 patients with distant metastases of malignant
      melanoma of the skin that were no longer responsive to chemotherapy were treated
      with BCG given intravenously. A single dose of lyophilized Pasteur BCG ranging
      from 2 X 10(7) to 3 X 10(8) viable units was given in 500 ml of saline infused in
      5 to 6 h. Seven of the 16 evaluable patients benefited from treatment; 3 showed
      an objective regression of more than 50% of the original tumor volume, and 4 an
      arrest of tumor growth. The objective regressions lasted from 2 to 5 months, and
      1 case had an arrest of tumor growth for 29 months. The regression rate was
      related to the BCG dosage: 2 X 10(8) viable units appears to be the dosage that
      gives severe but reversible toxicity and is able to induce objective regression.
      The most responsive lesions were skin and subcutaneous deposits (5 of 7) and lung
      metastases (1 of 4). Toxic effects seem to be related to the number of bacilli
      injected. In the group of 10 cases treated with less than 10(8) units, toxicity
      was modest: 4 patients had fever (up to 38.5 degrees C) that lasted a few days,
      and in 3 cases it was associated with shivering during the infusion period and
      weakness. One case only had vomiting and jaundice. Toxicity was severe in the 9
      patients that were treated with a dosage higher than 10(8): patients had fever
      and weakness for at least 4 days and shivering during the infusion. Two had
      adrenal insufficiency and 7 had liver enlargement and jaundice with return to
      normality by day 21. In the whole series 8 patients had leucopenia and 5
      thrombocytopenia for 2 to 3 days: only 1 patient required blood and platelet
      transfusion. No significant variations in immunoglobulin levels were observed. No
      variations of PPD or BCG skin tests were observed after treatment. Three patients
      expired; the first treated with 6 X 10(7) unit, had an intercurrent disease
      (autopsy showed a heart infarction); the second, treated with 1.8 X 10(8), showed
      a rapid growth of lung metastases and died 15 days after treatment; the death of
      the third patient was probably due to anaphylactic shock. All 3 patients had been
      previously treated with BCG, given by scarification or intranodular injection.

PMID- 684867
TI  - [Cathepsin B1 activity in cat brain tissue].
AB  - The dependence of the cathepsin B1 (EC 3.4.22.1) activity on pH of a medium with
      substrates N alpha-benzoyl-L-arginine amide (BAA) and N alpha-benzoyl-DL-arginine
      paranitroanilide (BAPNA) was studied. Several maxima of the studied enzyme
      activity are established depending on pH in the grey and white matter of the cat
      cerebral hemispheres. The activity of cathepsin BI is different in functionally
      and morphologically different areas of brain (grey matter of cerebral hemispheres
      less than than cerebellum less than white matter of cerebral hemispheres less
      than medulla oblongata). A six-fold freezing and defrosting of homogenates of the
      brain structures under study causes an increase in the cathepsin B1 activity. It
      is shown that the cathepsin B1 activity in the brain grey matter grows in the
      presence of L-cysteine and is inhibited under the effect of pChMB, monoiodoacetic
      acid, Mn2+ and Cu2+.

PMID- 684868
TI  - [Effect of hyperoxia on water-insoluble proteins of the brain].
AB  - Water-insoluble proteins of rat brain were studied as affected by hyperbaric
      oxygenation (oxygen pressure 6 at.ga. convulsion state). Solubilization of
      proteins under effect of hyperoxia and triton X-100 increases by 32-81%. Changes
      in the amino acidic composition of proteins extracted by 0.5% triton X-100 are
      characterized by an increase in the amount of aspartic acid, cystin, leucine and
      isoleucine and by a decrease in the amount of histidine, arginine and methionine.
      Electrophoresis in 7.5% polyacrylamide gel of proteins in the 0.5% triton X-100
      extract showed changes in the number and mobility of protein bands.

PMID- 684869
TI  - [Iron, copper, zinc and cobalt content and activity of respiratory metalloenzymes
      in animal tissues under toxic hypoxia].
AB  - The rabbits being repeatedly poisoned with small doses of sodium cyanide, the
      activity of succinic dehydrogenase in the tissues does not essentially change.
      The activity of NAD.H2-cytochrome-c-reductase and NAD.H2-diaphorase in the brain,
      myocardium and kidneys increases. Under histotoxic hypoxia the level of iron in
      the tissues increases by 52-93%, that of copper--by 28-36%, of zinc--by 21-74%
      and of cobalt by 28-40%. There existed a positive correlation between the content
      of iron and the activity of NAD-dependent enzymes. In nonlethal form of
      histotoxic hypoxia the content of nonhemin iron and the activity of NAD.H2
      cytochrome-c-reductase in the mitochondria of the brain increases by 25% and 17%,
      respectively, and a direct correlation is revealed between them.

PMID- 684870
TI  - [Influence of muscular activity on muscle proteins and sarcoplasmic reticulum
      content and binding of Ca2+].
AB  - Training with an increase in intensity of loads causes muscle hypertrophy. The
      increase of myofibrillar proteins content and proteins of sarcoplasmic reticulum
      is greater after this training than after training with prolongation of duration
      of loads. The content of sarcoplasmic proteins is the same in the both kinds of
      training. The increase in the content of mitochondrial proteins is smaller. The
      myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic proteins content is the greatest with simultaneous
      increase in the intensity and duration of loads. Increase in the content of
      sarcoplasmic vesicles proteins in this case is the same as after training with an
      increase in the intensity of loads. An increase in the content of mitochondrial
      proteins is the same as in training with prolongation of duration of loads. The
      capacity of binding Ca2+ (per unit protein weight), Vmax and Km are not changed.
      When calculating per unit of muscle mass possibilities of Ca2+ binding under the
      effect of loads of the uncreasing intensity rise.

PMID- 684871
TI  - [Peculiarities of urea distribution in tissues of rats of different age].
AB  - The content of urea was studied in protein-free filtrates of the liver kidneys,
      skeletal muscles, myocardium, spleen, brain tissues and blood serum as well as in
      urine of 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24-month rats. It is shown that at the age of 6 months
      the content of urine in most tissues under study is significantly decreased (by
      42-73%), at the age of 12 months in the spleen and at the age of 24 months in the
      brain tissues as compared to the one-month animals. The level of urine decrease
      in the liver and brain tissues of 24-month animals is less pronounced than in
      other tissues, that corresponds to age peculiarities of their protein metabolism.
      A decrease of blood consumption per weight unit and a relative increase in the
      amount of nitrogen excreted with urine are observed with ageing. The arginase
      activity in the liver decreases essentially only in 3-month animals. A conclusion
      is drawn that peculiarities of food consumption and the character of changes in
      the urea content in tissues and urine are adaptation manifestation of an age
      decrease in the intensity of nitrogen metabolism and protein demand of the
      organism.

PMID- 684872
TI  - [Total content and cholesterol fractions in tissues of cockerels under
      experimental hypercholesterolemia].
AB  - Experimental hypercholesterolemia was induced in cockerels at the age of 2-3
      months by feeding rations with added cholesterol (1%) and sunflower oil (5%) for
      4 weeks. It was found that in the liver the concentration of free cholesterol was
      3 times as high while that of cholesterol esters was more than 10 times as high.
      The content of both free and esterified cholesterol in intestinal mucosa and
      intestinal smooth muscle increased considerably. Cholesterol of skeletal muscles
      which is present mainly by its free form increased insignificantly. A conclusion
      is drawn that the intestine parallel with the liver may play a homesotatic role
      in the body cholesterol control. In erythrocytes and in their nuclei cholesterol
      is in an unesterified form. Under hypercholesterolemia the content of cholesterol
      in erythrocytes remains normal, that evidences for its stability in the plasmic
      and nuclear membranes.

PMID- 684873
TI  - [Temperature effect on the conformation state of fibrinogen and its derivatives].
AB  - The temperature dependence of spectral parameter B for fibrinogen, monomer
      fibrin, D and E fragments is examined by the method of ultraviolet fluorescence.
      Besides denaturation transition I (49 degrees C), conformational transition II
      (11-16 degrees C, depending on the sample) is observed in fibrinogen and its D
      fragment when temperature changes from 2 to 56 degrees C. Temperature transition
      II is reversible, sensitive to the ionic strength (its rise causes the transition
      temperature drop). Transition temperature of D fragment always correlates with
      that of fibrinogen, from which the fragment is obtained. Similarity in complex
      dependence of the B value on temperature for D fragment and fibrinogen is an
      additional proof of their structural likeness. No structural transitions are
      observed with a temperature rise up to 56 degrees C in E fragment. The ability of
      fibrinogen to inhibit self-assemblage of fibrin changes in the studied
      temperature intervals. A sharp transition from the acceleratory to inhibitory
      effect of fibrinogen on fibrin self-assemblage is registered at a temperature of
      about 11 degrees C. This change might be connected with structural transition II.

PMID- 684874
TI  - [Enzyme activity during regeneration under acute and chronic liver lesion with
      CCL4].
AB  - Activity of alanine and aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase,
      adenosine, desaminase and AMP-aminohydrolase was determined in rats in the
      process of the liver regeneration under acute and chronic lesion with CCl4. It is
      shown that under chronic lesion of the liver with CCl4, in contrast to the acute
      one, changes in the aminotransferase activity in blood serum are not expressed in
      the liver, the activity is essentially decreased. A steady increase was observed
      in the activity of adenosine desaminase, AMP-aminohydrolase and alkaline
      phosphatase in the liver and blood serum. It is concluded that the normal
      regenerative process is accompanied by short-term shifts of the enzymes activity
      in the liver and blood serum. The development of a chronic process results in a
      characteristic increase in the activity of adenosine desaminase, AMP
      aminohydrolase and alkaline phosphatase in the liver and blood serum.

PMID- 684875
TI  - [Effect of Na+ on delivery of (3-14C) tryptophan to different tissues and
      incorporation into proteins of liver tissue].
AB  - Distribution of [3-14C] tryptophane in rat tissues was studied as affected by
      sodium deficiency in diet. The tissues are found to accumulate tryptophane
      differently. Elimination of sodium from the diet decreases the intensity of [3
      14C] tryptophane delivery to animal tissues. The in vitro experiments established
      the dependence of the [3-14C] tryptophane incorporation into proteins on the
      sodium concentration in the medium. Its deficiency and redundancy lower the
      intensity of tryptophane incorporation into proteins.

PMID- 684876
TI  - [Effect of copper sulphate on nucleic acid level in tissues of normal rats and
      those with leucosis].
AB  - Dynamics of the DNA and RNA level was studied in tissues of rats normal and with
      leucosis. The effect of copper in biotic doses on the level under and analogous
      conditions of the experiment was investigated as well. In the process of leucosis
      formation the content of DNA and RNA increases in the liver, tumour and spleen.
      In the muscle tissues the DNA level is significantly higher on the 4th, 7th and
      11th day of the experiment, the RNA level is higher only in the period of formed
      leucosis (on the 11th day). Additional administration of copper in biotic doses
      to leucoses affected and healthy rat causes essential shifts in the level of DNA
      and RNA. In the leucosis affected rats the effect of copper sulphate is
      pronounced in an increase in the DNA and RNA content in the liver and tumour and
      DNA content--in the spleen as well as in a decrease in the level of RNA in
      muscles and of DNA in the muscles and spleen tissue in certain periods of the
      disease. In healthy rats the shifts in the DNA and RNA content with additional
      administration of copper are not the same but in most tissues they manifest a
      pronounced tendency to an increase.

PMID- 684878
TI  - [Isolation of transferrin and albumin from Cohn fraction IV of human  blood
      plasma proteins].
AB  - To isolate transferrin and additional amounts of albumin the parameters are
      developed for subfractionating with the alcohol-rivanol method fraction IV
      (according to Cohn) of plasma proteins (waste of albumin production from plasma
      of donor blood). The suggested method for fraction IV subfractionating makes it
      possible to obtain true albumin and transferrin. In all series the yield of wet
      and dry sediments of transferrin is constant. To remove alcohol from albumin and
      transferrin half-finished products the regimes of sublimation drying are worked
      out at which protein is not denaturated. Albumin obtained from fraction IV
      satisfies all the requirements of MPTY-42 N 3500-67 for the albumin preparation
      from donor blood. The developed method for subfractioning fraction IV of plasma
      proteins is easily reproduced on an industrial scale, permits a 8% increase in
      albumin yield from 1 1 of plasma and a simultaneous obtaining of transferrin
      which may be a basis for medicinal preparation.

PMID- 684877
TI  - [Properties of lactate dehydrogenase of brain mitochondria].
AB  - The activity of lactate dehydrogenase in the brain mitochondria isolated within
      the phycol density gradient accounts for 5% of the enzyme activity determined in
      cytoplasm. More than 80% of this activity is found in the intermembrane space of
      mitochondria. Purification, washing and incubation of the mitochondria with
      supernatant fluid do not change the activity. The treatment with lubrol,
      desoxycholate or ultrasound evoked almost a two-fold increase in the enzymic
      activity in the mitochondria and does not change it in the supernatant fluid.
      Rotenone and Ca2+ have no effect on the activity of lactate dehydrogenase in the
      both preparations, KCN inhibits it. Mg2+ increases the activity in the
      supernatant fluid and decreases it in the mitochondria. The relative amount of M-
      and N- forms of lactate dehydrogenase is approximately the same in the both
      studied objects.

PMID- 684879
TI  - [Quantitative determination of lactate, puruvate and methylglyoxa in their
      mixture].
AB  - A method is suggested for nonenzymic spectrophotometric determination of the
      content of lactic, pyruvic acids and methylglyoxal in their mixture without
      mutual interference. The determination may be conducted in the biological
      material after removing protein. 2,4 dinitrophenylhydrazine hydrochloride
      solution is added to the solution containing the above-mentioned components, then
      it is centrifuged. The content of lactate and pyruvate is determined in the
      supernatant fluid, that of methylglyoxal--in the sediment.

PMID- 684881
TI  - [Energy and protein consumption in patients with intestinal resections during
      hospitalization].

PMID- 684880
TI  - [Nitrogen metabolism in salmonellosis in man and animals].
AB  - The data obtained make it possible to understand more clearly some aspects of
      pathogenesis of salmonollosis bacterium carriage and testify to the fact that
      disturbances in nitrogen metabolism in tissues are essential in development of
      its different morphological and clinical manifestations.

PMID- 684882
TI  - [Coloring and preservative agents in chronic urticaria. Value of a provocation
      test and elimination diet].

PMID- 684883
TI  - [Prognostic value of the determination of renin activity in renal veins in renal
      and renovascular hypertension].

PMID- 684884
TI  - [Pericarditis and elevated antibody titre for Yersinia enterocolitica].

PMID- 684885
TI  - [Yersinia eneterocolitica arthritis and myocarditits].

PMID- 684886
TI  - [Treatment of mitral stenosis with a valvular prosthesis].

PMID- 684887
TI  - [Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus of the vulva].

PMID- 684888
TI  - [Phenytoin-induced agranulocytosis].

PMID- 684889
TI  - [Deletion of the long arm of chromosome 11].

PMID- 684890
TI  - [Food in hospitals].

PMID- 684891
TI  - [Regulation on priorities in health care, issued by the Ministry of Interior].

PMID- 684892
TI  - [The system of health visitors].

PMID- 684893
TI  - [Knowledge about penicillin in a general practice clientele].

PMID- 684894
TI  - [Creatine kinase isoenzyme determination in the diagnosis of acute myocardial
      infarct].

PMID- 684895
TI  - [Solitary ulcus recti -- the solitary ulcer syndrome. A benign disease of the
      rectum].

PMID- 684896
TI  - [Delivery at home or at an institution? An analysis of the preferences of 5,240
      Danish women concerning the place of delivery].

PMID- 684897
TI  - [Occupational diseases reported to the Industrial Injuries Security Office 1961
      70. Recognition and rejection. Is the data applied toward prevention?].

PMID- 684898
TI  - [Rights and duties of foreign nationals in the field of health care in Denmark].

PMID- 684899
TI  - [Chondrosarcoma. A prognostic assessment on basis of 19 cases].

PMID- 684900
TI  - [Giant cell tumor of bone. Assessment of degree of malignancy in relationship to
      microscopic findings].

PMID- 684901
TI  - [Clinical value of bone scintigraphy in patients with primary bone diseases].

PMID- 684902
TI  - [Symptomatic psychoses diagnosed in a psychiatric admission department].

PMID- 684903
TI  - [Survival after submersion for 25 minutes].

PMID- 684904
TI  - [A fatal case in connection with insulin test].

PMID- 684905
TI  - [Behcet's syndrome].

PMID- 684906
TI  - [Drug therapy in ambulatory care of alcohol abuse].

PMID- 684907
TI  - [Chronic syndrome in painters].

PMID- 684909
TI  - [Chronic cerebral syndrome in painters. Dementia due to inhalation or is it of
      cryptogenic origin?].

PMID- 684908
TI  - [Presenile dementia as an occupational diseases following exposure to organic
      solvents. A review of literature].

PMID- 684910
TI  - [Chronic syndrome in painters. Toxic dementia in painters].

PMID- 684911
TI  - [Occupational brain damage--discovery in time?].

PMID- 684912
TI  - [Impression of primary health care in China].

PMID- 684913
TI  - [Cardiosurgical treatment in stenosis of the internal carotid artery. A series of
      257 patients].

PMID- 684914
TI  - [Oral contraceptives and vitamin B 6].

PMID- 684915
TI  - [Measurement of the visual evoked response as a diagnostic aid].

PMID- 684916
TI  - [Absorption of 125I-labelled protamine insulin from subcutaneous tissue].

PMID- 684917
TI  - [Lithium therapy with side effects: a therapeutic dilemma].

PMID- 684918
TI  - [Thymoma, erythrocyte aplasia, diffuse fibrosing alveolitis and atrophic
      thyroiditis].

PMID- 684919
TI  - [Wernicke's encephalopathy].

PMID- 684920
TI  - [Drug information. Drug induced hypovitaminosis].

PMID- 684921
TI  - [Therapeutic and preventive problems in cerebral vascular diseases].

PMID- 684922
TI  - [Health examination in school age children].

PMID- 684923
TI  - [Inhibitory effect of salicylate on chloride and bicarbonate transport in human
      red cells. A possible explanation for the stimulatory effect of salicylate on
      respiration].

PMID- 684924
TI  - [Development and use of a computer program for analysis of data concerning
      delivery].

PMID- 684925
TI  - [Fine needle biopsy of the breast. A 5-year series].

PMID- 684926
TI  - [Congenital choanal atresia. Diagnostic deliberations in neonatal and postnatal
      asphyxia and new therapeutic aspects].

PMID- 684927
TI  - [Experience with a copper-silver IUD, Cu-T 2200W].

PMID- 684928
TI  - [Atypical myelomatosis].

PMID- 684929
TI  - [Chromium allergy as a complication of osteosynthesis of the femur].

PMID- 684930
TI  - [Gigantic fecaloma].

PMID- 684931
TI  - [Intestinal explosion during the use of diathermy].

PMID- 684932
TI  - [Computers in hospitals].

PMID- 684933
TI  - [Biophysics].

PMID- 684934
TI  - [Medical advice at the county level. Report from organisation selection, 1978].

PMID- 684935
TI  - [Postgraduate education after 1978].

PMID- 684936
TI  - [Cardiac arrest in acute myocardial infarct. A follow-up study from a
      nonspecialized medical department].

PMID- 684937
TI  - [Serum creatinine and serum carbamide in Danish school children. 300 girls and
      273 boys from 8-17 years of age].

PMID- 684938
TI  - [The self-cleaning properties of the auditory meatus].

PMID- 684939
TI  - [What do we know about children and traffic?].

PMID- 684940
TI  - [Postgraduate clinical educational capacity and the need of the association of
      physicians].

PMID- 684941
TI  - [Hemoglobin AIc and diabetes. An improved indicator of diabetic control?].

PMID- 684942
TI  - [Hemoglobin AIc in newly diagnosed diabetics before and after insulin treatment].

PMID- 684943
TI  - [Follow-up study of children treated with assisted ventilation during the
      neonatal period].

PMID- 684944
TI  - [The incidence of traumatic amputations in Denmark in view of replantation].

PMID- 684945
TI  - [Heart concussion following blunt thoracic injury].

PMID- 684946
TI  - [Effect of bromocriptin (Parlodel) in acromegaly. Successful pregnancy during
      treatment].

PMID- 684947
TI  - [Acetylsalicylic acid and liver damage].

PMID- 684948
TI  - [Precise antrectomy in gastric ulcer. A clinical follow-up study with observation
      periods of 2-8 years].

PMID- 684949
TI  - [Alveolitis fibrosa: an exogenically determined syndrome?].

PMID- 684950
TI  - [Alloplastic knee operations. A follow-up study of 100 cases operated on by
      Marmor's or Guepar's method].

PMID- 684951
TI  - [Salicylate hepatitis in rheumatic fever].

PMID- 684952
TI  - [Dextropropoxifen and liver involvement].

PMID- 684953
TI  - [Food, life habits and health].

PMID- 684954
TI  - [Liver damage after analgesics].

PMID- 684955
TI  - Wideband transducer for tissue characterization.

PMID- 684956
TI  - [Septic necrosis of the talus (author's transl)].

PMID- 684957
TI  - [Biomechanics of the external fixation clamps].

PMID- 684958
TI  - [Septic complications following severe injury (author's transl)].

PMID- 684959
TI  - [The pathogenesis and clinical features of posttraumatic fat embolism (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 684960
TI  - [An example of comminuted fracture of the tibial condyles shows the union of
      cancellous bone and the healing of cartilage by early functional treatment
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 684961
TI  - [Etiology and pathology of new bone formation in patients following brain injury
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 684962
TI  - [Calcaneal osteomyelitis. Biomechanics, clinical features, treatment and results
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 684963
TI  - Innervation of the male urinary bladder.
AB  - The innervation of the male detrusor muscle and urethra is a complex network of
      synaptic interactions between nuclear collections in the cerebral cortex, the
      brain stem, and the gray matter of the sacral spinal cord. The multiplicity of
      influences in this reflex emphasizes its vulnerability to disease processes.

PMID- 684964
TI  - Pathophysiology of male incontinence.

PMID- 684965
TI  - Diagnosis of urinary incontinence in the male.

PMID- 684966
TI  - Neurogenic incontinence in males.

PMID- 684967
TI  - Postprostatectomy urinary incontinence: etiology, prevention, and selection of
      surgical treatment.

PMID- 684968
TI  - Incontinence in children.

PMID- 684969
TI  - The artificial sphincter in the management of incontinence in the male.

PMID- 684970
TI  - The silicone-gel prosthesis for the treatment of male urinary incontinence.

PMID- 684971
TI  - The Rosen inflatable incontinence prosthesis.
AB  - A simple occluding device of the urethra has been described and the rationale for
      its configuration given. Twenty-three patients have been operated on and 18 have
      been cured. The main complications are device failure and sepsis. The results so
      far justify a limited optimism that the device has a significant role to play in
      the management of male urinary incontinence.

PMID- 684972
TI  - Periurethral teflon injection for urinary incontinence.
AB  - One hundred and twenty-five patients with urinary incontinence, from a variety of
      causes, received 225 periurethral injections of Polytef paste. A good to
      excellent result was obtained in better than 70 per cent of the cases.
      Complications were minimal. The procedure appears to be safe and rapid and
      hospitalization is short.

PMID- 684973
TI  - Loop-end myotomy ileostomy in the obese patient.

PMID- 684974
TI  - [Clinical and anatomical basis for drainage of the lesser pelvis via the upper
      medial quadrant of the obturator membrane].

PMID- 684975
TI  - [Functional disorders of the urinary organs in spinal and spinal cord injuries].

PMID- 684976
TI  - [Teaching of urology at the medical institute].

PMID- 684977
TI  - [Intracellular iron metabolism in chronic kidney diseases].

PMID- 684978
TI  - [Change in bone density during the treatment of chronic renal insufficiency by
      systematic hemodialysis].

PMID- 684979
TI  - [Erythropoiesis inhibitor in the blood plasma of children with choronic renal
      insufficiency].

PMID- 684980
TI  - [Chronic renal insufficiency in calculous pyelonephritis in children].

PMID- 684981
TI  - [Effect of hemodialysis on the state of the stomach in chronic renal
      insufficiency].

PMID- 684982
TI  - [Varicocele and testicular function].

PMID- 684983
TI  - [Lesion of the kidneys and upper urinary tracts in lymphogranulomatosis in
      children].

PMID- 684984
TI  - [Paraneoplastic reactions in malignant tumors of the renal parenchyma].

PMID- 684985
TI  - [Closed isolated rupture of the kidney pelvis].

PMID- 684986
TI  - [Ways to improve the teaching of urology].

PMID- 684987
TI  - [Analytic experiments on the significance of the fluorine content of urinary
      calculi (author's transl)].
AB  - The fluorine content of 150 precisely differentiated urinary calculi from areas
      with and without fluoridated drinking water (FDW) was quantitatively determined
      using different analytic methods. The fluorine content differed according to the
      type of calculus. With an average of 2 mg/g of calculus substance, the whewellite
      or weddellite concretions in FDW areas have the greatest portion of fluoride. The
      degree of crystallization of carbonate calculi increases with increased
      percentage of fluorine, and the parameter of the reticulum is characteristically
      contracted.

PMID- 684988
TI  - [Kidney operations in ischemia (author's transl)].
AB  - Forty-two operations were done on patients suffering from extensive
      nephrolithiasis. The procedure was performed in the complete absence of blood,
      using a special clamp. No hypothermia was applied. The special clamp was placed
      at the renal hilum. The meantime of ischemia amounted to 17.8 min. The technique
      of this operative procedure is described. Complications, postoperative urograms,
      late follow-ups, and the results of differential isotope clearances are
      discussed.

PMID- 684989
TI  - [Hallson and Rose enzymatic determination of urinary oxalate (author's transl)].
AB  - Urine oxalate was determined by the enzymatic method, quality criteria were
      established, and 24h oxalate excretion measured in healthy control subjects and
      in patients suffering from calcium urolithiasis. The technique is highly reliable
      and can be practiced in every conventional clinical laboratory. There is no
      increase in 24h urine oxalate in calcium urolithiasis when related to body weight
      or lean body mass.

PMID- 684990
TI  - [Percutaneous radiation therapy of peyronie's disease with 137cesium (author's
      transl)].
AB  - From 1966 to 1977, 49 patients suffering from Peyronie's disease received
      percutaneous radiation treatment with 137 Cesium (137Cs). Therapy results were
      followed up for a period of from 2 months to 11 years. The method of 137Cs
      radiation is described and the results compared with other forms of therapy.
      Percutaneous radiation therapy with 137Cs seems to be the preferred treatment of
      Peyronie's disease because of its few side effects, rapid effectiveness, and low
      cost.

PMID- 684991
TI  - [Surgical treatment of peyronie's disease (author's transl)].

PMID- 684992
TI  - [A method for intraoperative localization of radio-opaque nephrolith in three
      planes (author's transl)].

PMID- 684993
TI  - [The male urethra: capacity determination and its significance for urology
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The capacity of the male urethra in patients and on anatomical preparations has
      been measured. Because measurement of capacity in the living proved to be
      strongly influenceable, the capacities determined from anatomic outlet
      preparations represent the real values in practice. The average value from a
      group of 33 corpses was 10.58 ml. In urologic practice, the capacity of the
      urethra assumes particular importance with catheterization. Optimal filling of
      the urethra appears to be important in order achieve maximum performance for the
      sliding catheter. Additionally, the filling material should have the
      corresponding viscosity and an anesthetizing effect.

PMID- 684994
TI  - [Recurrence of variococeles (author's transl)].
AB  - By means of five patients who in the last 3 years had to be reoperated because of
      recurrence or lack of regression of varicocele, we came upon various causes of
      the disease and possibilities of therapy. Two possibilities for failure of
      therapy are shown: 1. Not all branches of vena testicularis have been ligatured.
      Examinations of 60 corpses showed that in 30% of the cases the vena testicularis
      even at its influx into vena renalis-consisted of two branches. 2. In a number of
      those men with varicocele, the disease is caused not by a retrograde blood-flow
      into vena spermatica externa. The various causes of failure of therapy require
      different operative procedures. Therefore, in advance of each reoperation, the
      conditions drainage should be examined by phlebography.

PMID- 684995
TI  - [A simple apparatus to facilitate epididymectomy (author's transl)].
AB  - A simple apparatus is introduced which facilitates the preparation of testicular
      vessels in epididymectomy using diaphania. The applicability of this apparatus is
      being tested in other fields of surgery.

PMID- 684996
TI  - [Sonographic examination in diseases of the scrotal area (author's transl)].
AB  - Sixty-two patients with diseases of the scrotal area were examined
      sonographically. In 11 out of 12 testicular tumors, a preoperative diagnosis
      could be confirmed by examination with ultrasonication, including one case with
      large accompanying hydrocele, which made an exact palpation of the testicles
      impossible. Despite the still small number of cases, we feel that ultrasonic
      examination of the testicles makes it possible to speed up the diagnosis of
      testicular tumors, which is often drawn out over weeks or months, and to provide
      the patients with early operative therapy.

PMID- 684997
TI  - [Tuberculosis of seminal vesicle. A contribution to differential diagnosis of
      fructose deficiency in spermatic fluid (author's transl)].
AB  - The functional condition of seminal vesicles can be judged on the basis of
      spermatic fructose. In dealing with the causes of fructose deficiency, one must
      distinguish between androgen-dependent and androgen-refractory deficiencies. The
      main causes of androgenic-refractory fructose deficiency are specific and
      unspecific inflammations of the masculine adnexa. The example of spermatocystic
      tuberculosis demonstrates the importance which must be given to specific
      inflammation of the masculine adnexa, during fertility-consultation hours.

PMID- 684998
TI  - [Influence of oxianthraquinones on the crystallization of calcium oxalate and
      calcium phosphate: dissolution of calciumcontaining urinary calculi (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Ruberythric acid and alizarin glucuronide, the biologic secretion product
      obtained from the alizarin derivative, stop the crystallization of calcium
      oxalate and calcium phosphate in the physiologic milieu of the urine. This effect
      is thought to be due to a soluble alizarin glucuronide: calcium chelate (2:1
      mol). From this finding, we deduce that the solubility of calcium oxalate and
      calcium phosphate in the urine of humans can be increased through the oral
      administration of oxianthraquinone.

PMID- 684999
TI  - [The role of urinary excretion of magnesium in patients with urolithiasis with
      special respect to recurrence rate of stone formation (author's transl)].
AB  - 154 patients with urolithiasis and 24 normal controls were investigated for serum
      levels and urinary excretion of magnesium. No significant difference in urinary
      magnesium excretion could be found neither between stone forming patients and
      normal controls nor between patients with different types of stones. There was
      also no difference in serum concentrations of magnesium. A disturbance in
      excretion of magnesium in urine could not be related to increased recurrence rate
      of stone formation. According to these findings it is doubtful whether a
      disturbance in urinary excretion of magnesium plays an important role in stone
      formation. Therefore the determination of magnesium excretion can be neglected in
      the course of routine investigation of patients with urinary calculi.

PMID- 685000
TI  - [Indirect lymphography of the urinary bladder in animal experiments (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Of three contrast media injected interdigitally and submucosally as well as
      instilled into the bladder, Lipiodol UF (particle size of over 15 micron) and the
      experimental compound AG 52-315 were not resorbed. Another experimental compound
      (AG 60-99) with an iodine content of 20% and a particle size of ca. 3,5 micron
      produced, when injected interdigitally, good contrast of the popliteal lymph
      nodes in all cases (n = 5). Instillation of the same contrast medium into the
      bladders of five dogs yielded subdued contrast of the paravesicular lymph nodes
      in one case. Of still another five animals, two showed contrast of the inner
      iliac lymph nodes after submucosal infiltration of the bladder mucosa with AG 60
      99. In all cases (n = 15) inflammatory reaction with necrotic formations were
      observed. Resorption of the contrast medium was accomplished by heating at 39
      degrees C, and was not improved by addition of Hyaluronidase. Because of the low
      local tolerance of the contrast medium preparation, this successful experiment in
      indirect lymphography of the urinary bladder of animals cannot be applied
      clinically.

PMID- 685001
TI  - Ultrasonic diagnosis of tumor thrombosis of right renal vein.
AB  - Ultrasonography was employeed to diagnose tumor thrombosis of the renal vein and
      inferior vena cava in a patient with an infiltrating renal cell carcinoma of the
      right kidney.

PMID- 685002
TI  - Significance and evaluation of calcifications associated with renal masses.
AB  - Although there are numerous references in the medical literature suggesting that
      calification associated with renal masses is indicative of malignant disease, our
      recent experience with four cases emphasizes that it is not possible to predict
      the nature of these lesions. The significance and etiology of renal calcification
      are discussed as well as the indications for clinical evaluation.

PMID- 685003
TI  - Radiology of ureter.

PMID- 685004
TI  - Normal and abnormal development of ureter.

PMID- 685005
TI  - Idiopathic segmental ureteritis.
AB  - A new case of nonspecific segmental ureteritis is added to the 18 cases
      previously reported. This case presented similar diagnostic problems to the
      previously reported cases. Its unique features are the multiplicity of the
      lesions and their insidious nonsimultaneous development over a number of years.

PMID- 685006
TI  - Crossed fused renal ectopia presenting with blunt trauma.
AB  - A case is presented of crossed fused renal ectopia in a fifteen-year-old black
      male which was diagnosed because of blunt trauma. Workup and management are
      discussed and pertinent x-ray films shown. The literature is reviewed with
      respect to renal trauma associated with congenital anomalies of the kidney.

PMID- 685007
TI  - Complication with mechanical stapling device in creation of ileoconduit.
AB  - Of 296 patients with pelvic malignancy and ileal urinary conduits, urinary tract
      calculi developed in 14. Calculi which ordinarily require surgical intervention
      because of their size may pass spontaneously in patients with ileoconduits
      because of the presence of a chronically dilated colllecting system and the
      surgical elimination of three of the four sites of stone impaction (pelvic brim,
      ureterovesical junction, and ureteral orifice). In 1 patient multiple calculi
      developed around the surgical staples used to create the proximal end of the
      ileal conduit. We recommend that autosuture with stapling devices not be used to
      create the proximal end of an ileal urinary conduit.

PMID- 685008
TI  - Use of polyvinyl cystotomy catheter.

PMID- 685009
TI  - Ureteral morphology: anatomic and clinical considerations.

PMID- 685010
TI  - Schistosomiasis presenting with testicular enlargement in elderly male.
AB  - An eighty-eight-year-old Puerto Rican presented with painless enlargment of one
      testicle which proved histologically to be due to Schistosoma mansoni.
      Intratesticular ovum deposits were not associated with inflammation, granulomas,
      or infarction, but marked sclerosing periorchitis was present. The case
      illustrates a very rare form of presentation of schistosomiasis which should be
      considered in the differential diagnosis of unilateral testicular enlargement in
      patients from an endemic area, despite the fact that orchiectomy will usually be
      necessary to establish a definitive histopathologic diagnosis.

PMID- 685011
TI  - Case profile: unusual radiographic presentation of ureteral calculus.

PMID- 685012
TI  - Computerized tomographic diagnosis of massive hydronephrosis of duplicated system
      in an adult.
AB  - A case of massive hydronephrosis of the upper portion of a duplicated collecting
      system in a middle-aged male is presented. Computerized tomographic examination
      of the abdomen provided the most precise information and led to a correct
      preoperative diagnosis, whereas both urography and ultrasound did not.

PMID- 685013
TI  - Computed tomography in genitourinary pathology.
AB  - Computed tomography (CT) provides accurate localization of pathologic processes
      within the abdomen and also frequently contributes information regarding the
      nature of the process. A review of 50 patients with suspected genitourinary
      pathology studied with CT suggests that this new noninvasive diagnostic modality
      can provide increased diagnostic accuracy but that it will not replace
      conventional abdominal radiography and intravenous urography as the primary
      screening examination for such patients. Situations in which CT has proved
      valuable include: (1) evaluation of areas which are relatively "blind" on
      conventional radiography: anterior and posterior margins of kidneys,
      paravertebral and midline portions of retroperitoneum, and base of bladder; (2)
      evaluation of patients with severely compromised function of one or both kidneys,
      including assessment of amount of functioning renal parenchyma and possible
      demonstration of cause of obstructive hydronephrosis; (3) evaluation of patients
      in whom intravenous urography is contraindicated; (4) differentiation of solid
      from cystic masses of kidney; (5) evaluation of spread of tumor outside
      boundaries of kidney; and (6) staging of bladder tumors.

PMID- 685014
TI  - [Mechanisms of the hypotensive effect of dicinone on the intraocular pressure].

PMID- 685015
TI  - [Analysis of the effectiveness of trabeculectomy].

PMID- 685016
TI  - [Cataract extraction after anti-glaucoma operations].

PMID- 685017
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of the damaging effect of the ruby crystal with the Q
      factor modulation and argon lasers on the filtration apparatus].

PMID- 685018
TI  - [Uveo-scleral route of the aqueous humor outflow and the methods of its
      stimulation].

PMID- 685019
TI  - [Microsurgical technic of foreign body removal from the posterior part of the
      eye].

PMID- 685020
TI  - [Experimental corneal wound healing under the effect of continuous magnetic
      field].

PMID- 685021
TI  - [Criteria of subatrophy of the eyeball].

PMID- 685022
TI  - [Correlation of the rheographic and component characteristics of myopic eyes].

PMID- 685023
TI  - [Effect of myopia on the development of congested optic disk].

PMID- 685024
TI  - [Use of nigexin and ultrasonics in the treatment of myopia].

PMID- 685025
TI  - [Significance of various immunological indicators in the diagnosis and clinical
      course of endogenous uveitis].

PMID- 685026
TI  - [Modification of the method of radiotherapy of retinoblastoma].

PMID- 685027
TI  - [Clinico-morphological characteristics of myogenic tumors of the iris and the
      iridociliary zone].

PMID- 685028
TI  - [Diagnostic value of blanching of the optic disk in glaucoma].

PMID- 685029
TI  - [Certain data on the histogenesis of Coats' retinopathy].

PMID- 685030
TI  - [Dicynon in the treatment of traumatic hemophthalmos].

PMID- 685031
TI  - [Method of the most expedient projection of eye foreign bodies onto the sclera].

PMID- 685032
TI  - [Use of the slit lamp ShChL-56 for the biomicroophthalmochromoscopy in polarized
      light].

PMID- 685033
TI  - [Possibility of using standard diapositive frames in the synoptophore].

PMID- 685034
TI  - [Case of botulism reported by an ophthalmological department].

PMID- 685035
TI  - [Device for timing the duration of therapeutic procedures in ophthalmology].

PMID- 685036
TI  - [Active and passive components of the eye rigidity].

PMID- 685037
TI  - [Method of treating narrow-angle glaucoma].

PMID- 685038
TI  - [Microsurgery of the internal wall of Schlemm's canal in open-angle glaucoma].

PMID- 685039
TI  - [Oxygen deficiency as 1 of the pathogenetic factors in cerebral cortical
      bioelectrical activity disorder in glaucoma].

PMID- 685040
TI  - [Aspects of the origin and treatment of aphakic glaucoma].

PMID- 685041
TI  - [Ocular hemodynamic indices in aphakic glaucoma].

PMID- 685042
TI  - [Optical laser interventions on the anterior portion of the eye].

PMID- 685043
TI  - [Clinical and drug treatment characteristics of glaucoma in young persons].

PMID- 685044
TI  - [State of the connective tissue in the relatives of glaucoma patients].

PMID- 685045
TI  - [Morphological changes in the anterior length of the eye in uveal glaucoma].

PMID- 685046
TI  - [Ultrastructure of the anterior layers and dilatator pupillae in the human iris].

PMID- 685047
TI  - [Corneal "creep"].

PMID- 685048
TI  - [Hydrodynamics of the eyes in collagenoses treated with corticosteroids].

PMID- 685049
TI  - [Complex differential diagnosis and the prerequisites for the choice of treatment
      of conjunctivitis in children].

PMID- 685050
TI  - [Importance of photocoagulation in the prevention of retinal detachment].

PMID- 685051
TI  - [Laser therapy of preretinal macular fibrosis developing after successfully
      operated retinal detachment].

PMID- 685052
TI  - [Subscleral sinusotomy with cyclodialysis].

PMID- 685053
TI  - [Diagnostic and clinical aspects of vascular lesions of the visual-neural
      pathway].

PMID- 685054
TI  - [Changes in the fundus oculi in closed craniocerebral injury].

PMID- 685055
TI  - [Effect of an alternating magnetic field on the healing of experimental
      penetrating wounds of the cornea].

PMID- 685056
TI  - [Evaluation of the early changes in the organ of vision of workers in modern
      glass manufacture].

PMID- 685057
TI  - [Blood pressure changes in the eye vessels depending on the stage of
      hypertension].

PMID- 685058
TI  - [Visual field analyzer].

PMID- 685059
TI  - [Assessment of the results of static perimetry].

PMID- 685060
TI  - [D. A. Sivtsev's tables in the expertise of work capacity].

PMID- 685061
TI  - [Trabeculostomy and trabeculocyclostomy in combined forms of glaucoma].

PMID- 685062
TI  - Sprain, strain, and contusion.

PMID- 685063
TI  - Canine carpal ligament injuries.

PMID- 685064
TI  - Use and misuse of full cerclage wires in fracture repair.

PMID- 685065
TI  - Pins versus plates: the orthopedic dilemma.

PMID- 685066
TI  - Prophylactic use of antibiotics in surgery.
AB  - "Sound and careful surgery is the sine qua non of wound management;
      antimicrobials are adjunctive." The key to successful use of prophylactic
      antibiotics in surgery is careful selection of cases and medication. There are no
      final rule or formulas that will always give optimal results. Listed below are
      some guidelines that may assis the clinician in determining the need and form of
      antimicrobial use. 1. The operation must carry a significant risk of bacterial
      contamination. Refined-clean and clean procedures should not be given
      prophylactic antibiotics. 2. Bacterial cultures should be taken when possible,
      and the medication used for prophylaxis should be effective against the organisms
      expected to be encountered. 3. Narrow spectrum antibiotics should be used to
      conserve the body's normal flora. Broad spectrum antibiotics needed to combat
      resistant infections should not be used for prophylaxis. 4. The antibiotic should
      be present in the wound in effective concentrations at the time of the incision
      and be maintained only as long as the risk of new bacterial contamination exists.

PMID- 685067
TI  - Pathophysiology of esophageal motiltiy disorders in the dog and cat. Application
      to management and prognosis.

PMID- 685068
TI  - Digitalis versus diuretics: an individualized approach.

PMID- 685069
TI  - Primary glaucoma in the dog.

PMID- 685070
TI  - Perspectives of clinical osmometry.
AB  - Several clinical applications of osmometry have been reviewed. Questions remain
      concerning the clinical acceptance that osmometry will achieve in veterinary
      medicine. Many practices may not be able to justify the purchase of an osmometer;
      however, osmometers are available at most medical centers and clinical
      laboratories. In an era when serum chemistry profiles are being used more
      frequently, it may prove that serum osmolatity will be requested more frequently.
      Determination of osmolality is a simple, rapid, and inexpensive test that has
      potential in screening for disorders of body fluids. Several research
      laboratories utilize osmometry routinely in screening for potential fluid or
      electrolyte inbalances. When coupled with glucose, blood urea nitrogen, and
      electrolyte values, a comparison of calculated and measured osmolality allows
      further clinical interpretations. Differences may exist between calculated and
      measured osmolality. In some instances, determination of calculated osmolality
      alone may lead to erroneous conclusions concerning the true status of body
      fluids. Specialized intensive care practices should certainly consider the value
      of osmometry in monitoring patients undergoing extensive fluid therapy. Last, but
      not least, osmometry does provide the best measure of renal concentrating ability
      and is of particular value in evaluation of polyuric and proteinuric patients.

PMID- 685071
TI  - Prognostic value of arthrography in canine shoulder osteochondrosis
      (osteochondritis) dissecans.

PMID- 685072
TI  - Canine hip dysplasia: yet another radical view.

PMID- 685073
TI  - Narcotic analgesics in the domestic cat.

PMID- 685074
TI  - Nitrous oxide in small animal practice.

PMID- 685075
TI  - Pollution control in the operating room.

PMID- 685076
TI  - A light microscopic study of bovine peripheral nerve sheath tumours.
AB  - Peripheral nerve sheath tumours from 66 cattle were classified as schwannomas and
      neurofibromas. Bovine neurofibromatous tissue probably represents a dysplasia
      whilst bovine schwannomas are true neoplastic growths. Bovine schwannomas
      probably develop from neurofibromatous nerve and the two entities may represent
      parts of a single pathological condition.

PMID- 685077
TI  - The ultrastructure of bovine peripheral nerve sheath tumours.
AB  - Bovine peripheral nerve sheath tumours from 30 cattle were similar
      ultrastructurally to human schwannomas and neurofibromas. Bovine neurofibromatous
      tissue had large amounts of extracellular material, primarily collagen and
      electron lucent granular material. The principal cells had basal laminae and a
      disorganized proliferation of the plasmalemma. Axons were consistently seen and
      were surrounded by the plasmalemma of principal cells. The principal cells seemed
      to be Schwann cells or variants of them. Bovine schwannomas had areas similar to
      Antoni type A tissue with sparse extracellular material, few, if any, axons, and
      an apparent organized layering of cytoplasmic processes clad in a basal lamina.
      Cell nuclei often formed palisades. The principal cells in bovine schwannomas
      might be derived either from Schwann cells or perinuerial cells. Bovine
      schwannomas appeared together with bovine neurofibromatous tissue in affected
      nerves.

PMID- 685078
TI  - The pathology of spontaneously occurring malignant lymphoma in sheep.
AB  - The most common locations of tumours in 22 sheep with malignant lymphoma were the
      lymph nodes (19 sheep), spleen (14), liver (13), kidney (10), small intestine (9)
      and heart (9). The distribution of the lesions could be classified as
      multicentric (14 sheep, alimentary (6), skin (1) and thymic (1). Histological
      examination of malignant lymphomas from 40 sheep showed there were three
      reticulum cell sarcomas, and 37 lymphosarcomas. The lymphosarcomas were further
      classified on the basis of cytological features as lymphoblastoid,
      lymphocytic/prolymphocytic, prolymphocytic and lymphocytic in 14, 6, 11 and six
      cases, respectively. Viruses were not detected by electron microscopy in
      tumourous tissue from 10 sheep with malignant lymphoma.

PMID- 685079
TI  - Correlation of microbiological and histological findings in bovine fibrinous
      pneumonia.
AB  - In a retrospective morphological and microbiological study, 39 of 55 cases of
      bovine fibrinous pneumonia were diagnosed as fibrinous pleuropneumonia. Twenty
      nine of these 39 (74%) were associated with Pasteurella hemolytica, but only two
      cases (5%) with P. multocida. In contrast, of the 16 cases classified as
      fibrinous bronchopneumonia, one (6%) was associated with P. hemolytica, and nine
      (56%) with P. multocida. In eight cases Mycoplasma and Hemophilus somnus were
      found in association with either P. hemolytica or P. multocida but were never
      isolated alone. We concluded that the use of the term pasteurellosis, implying
      Pasteurella as the cause, is imprecise because lesions associated with P.
      hemolytica fulfill the criteria of a fibrinous pleuropneumonia, whereas P.
      multocida is more likely to cause a bronchopneumonia with moderate amounts of
      fibrin.

PMID- 685080
TI  - Visceral lesions in wild carnivores naturally infected with Spirocerca lupi.
AB  - Aortic lesions pathognomonic for Spirocerca lupi were found in 123 of 150 (82%)
      coyotes, Canis latrans, 23 of 66 (35%) bobcats, Felis rufus, one of five gray
      foxes, Urocyon cinereoargenteus and one of two red foxes, Vulpes vulpes, examined
      in West Texas. Adult nematodes in the esophagus were recovered from 11 of 150
      (7%) coyotes. In the aorta there was initially an acute inflammatory response
      followed by an eosinophilic granuloma surrounding larval nematodes. The principal
      lesions was scarring of the aorta with replacement of elastic tissue with
      collagen. There was blockage of the intervertebral arteries, pitting and
      formation of granulomatous nodules on the intimal surface and scarring with
      diverticula and anuerysms in affected animals. The response to adult nematodes in
      the esophagus was usually a small eosinophilic granuloma surrounding the worms.
      There was no evidence of esophageal sarcoma or spondylosis deformans of thoracic
      vertebrae as reported in the dog.

PMID- 685081
TI  - Systemic cartilage defect in a calf.
AB  - A 6-month-old Ayrshire calf had a systemic growth defect of cartilage. The most
      severe changes occurred in articular cartilage and epiphyseal plates of long
      bones where disturbance of ossification, necrosis, erosion, vascular invasion,
      proliferation of cartilaginous and fibrous tissue were seen. The lesions probably
      were the result of a failure in the initial phases of ossification and mechanical
      pressure was responsible for their severity in the cartilage of the limbs.

PMID- 685082
TI  - Amyloid in the corpora amylacea of the rat mammary gland.
AB  - Histochemical and electron microscope studies indicated there was amyloid in
      corpora amylacea in tumors, duct ectasias and lobular hyperplasias of rat mammary
      glands. Electron microscopy showed fibrils that closely resembled amyloid fibrils
      in human and bovine amyloid and in bovine corpora amylacea. Amyloid deposition
      may be more common in rats than is generally thought.

PMID- 685083
TI  - Esophagogastric ulcers associated with Ascaris suum infestation in swine.
AB  - When a group of 3-month-old pigs was moved to another location, several died from
      internal bleeding. Two pigs that were necropsied had large esophagogastric
      ulcers, hepatic fibrosis with "milk spots" and swollen edematous lungs. The
      ulcers involved the full thickness of the gastric mucosa with pronounced
      eosinophilic infiltration and perivascular cuffing of the submucosal vessels.
      There was an acute interstitial and granulomatous pneumonia with an inflammatory
      exudate composed mainly of eosinophils. Ascarid larvae were recovered from the
      lungs. Gastric ulceration could have resulted from a second exposure to Ascaris
      suum infestation because pigs not removed from their original location did not
      develop ulcers.

PMID- 685084
TI  - Effects of 4-ipomeanol, a product from mold-damaged sweet potatoes, on the bovine
      lung.
AB  - Cattle given intraruminal administration of 4-ipomeanol, a furanoterpenoid
      originally obtained from sweet potatoes infected with Fusarium solani (F.
      javanicum), developed a respiratory syndrome clinically and histologically
      indistinguishable from atypical interstitial pneumonia. There were edema and
      emphysema in the lungs and mediastinum. The maximum nonlethal oral dose of 4
      ipomeanol was estimated to be between 7.5 and 9 mg/kg of body weight.

PMID- 685085
TI  - Feline panleukopenia. III. Development of lesions in the lymphoid tissues.
AB  - Germfree and specific pathogen-free cats were inoculated with feline
      panleukopenia virus. Cats were necropsied 2 to 6 days after inoculation and
      tissues from the thymus, lymph nodes and spleen taken for histological and
      immunofluorescence studies. Necrosis of lymphoid cells in the thymic cortex began
      3 days after inoculation and continued for 5 to 6 days after inoculation when the
      thymus was nearly depleted of lymphocytes. Immunofluorescence studies showed the
      lesions to be caused by virus. There was gross and histological involution of the
      thymus in both germfree and specific pathogen-free cats. The lymph nodes and
      spleen of uninoculated germfree cats looked "inactive" and lacked well developed
      lymphoid follicles and paracortical areas. In both germfree and specific pathogen
      free cats there was necrosis in both follicular and paracortical areas of the
      lymph nodes and follicular and periarteriolar areas of the spleen 3 to 4 days
      after inoculation. Immunofluorescence showed these areas had virus infection. By
      5 to 6 days after inoculation, these areas were populated by many lymphoblastoic
      cells. Even though significant destruction of lymphoid cells occurred,
      subsequently, in cats that develop mild clinical illness, these lymphoid tissues
      seemed stimulated rather than depleted of lymphocytes.

PMID- 685086
TI  - Lethal encephalitis in 14-day-old mice given avirulent Semliki forest virus.
AB  - Avirulent Semliki Forest Virus when inoculated intracerebrally and
      intraperitoneally into 14-day-old Swiss A2G mice induced a lethal encephalitis.
      There was destruction of neurones, especially pyramidal cells of the hippocampus,
      despite a rising serum antibody titer.

PMID- 685087
TI  - An ultrastructural study of avian synovium infected with an arthrotropic
      Mycoplasma, Mycoplasma synoviae.
AB  - Live Mycoplasma synoviae cells in agar base medium were inoculated intravenously
      into 10 2-week-old chickens. Joint tissues were collected over a 3-week period
      for light and transmission electron microscopy. In infected chickens, membrane
      bound vacuoles of intact M. synoviae cells were seen in the cytoplasms of adipose
      cells. Cytoplasmic lipid-containing inclusions had accumulated in enlarged
      fibroblasts in tendon sheaths and loose connective tissue. Synovial cells had
      proliferated and contained increased amounts of granular endoplasmic reticulum
      and lipid inclusions. No abnormalities were seen in control chickens. Infected
      chickens were positive and control chickens were negative for rheumatoid factor
      activity by two serological tests: tanned cell hemagglutination and latex
      agglutination tests.

PMID- 685088
TI  - Primitive multipotential primary sarcoma of bone in a cat.

PMID- 685090
TI  - The Dangerous Wild Animals Act 1976.

PMID- 685089
TI  - Naturally occurring parafollicular cell carcinoma of the thyroid in dogs.

PMID- 685091
TI  - Changes in milk production, fertility and calf mortality associated with retained
      placentae or the birth of twins.
AB  - The milk yield and fertility records of cows which at any time either gave birth
      to twin calves or retained their placenta have been examined. Milk yield was
      higher in the lactation preceding the birth of twins than in any other lactation
      and the lactation following the birth of twins tended to be longer. Milk yields
      of cows which retained their placenta were not significantly different from those
      of cows which cleansed normally. Many cows which gave birth to twins or which
      retained their placenta were subsequently barren. There was significantly greater
      mortality among twin calves and after the birth of twins placentae were more
      often retained.

PMID- 685092
TI  - Vaccination against canine bordetellosis: protection from contact challenge.
AB  - Eight collie-cross pups, eight weeks old, were inoculated intramuscularly with an
      aluminum hydroxide adjuvanted preparation of killed Bordetella bronchiseptica;
      the inoculation was repeated after two weeks. Two weeks after the second
      inoculation, the vaccinated dogs and a control group of four unvaccinated animals
      were placed in contact with a group of five pups of similar age which had been
      experimentally infected with a pathogenic strain of B bronchiseptica by an
      aerosol method. All four unvaccinated control dogs as well as all five
      experimentally infected dogs developed a respiratory disease characterised by
      persistent coughing. Six of the vaccinated dogs remained free from clinical
      respiratory disease while disease was less severe and of shorter duration in the
      remaining two than in controls. Only slight changes were found in the lungs of
      vaccinated animals at necropsy while in the controls there was a severe
      tracheobronchitis. There was a marked reduction in the numbers of B
      bronchiseptica isolated from the respiratory tract of vaccinated animals when
      compared with controls. An aluminium hydroxide adjuvanted vaccine may be of value
      in controlling naturally occurring canine respiratory disease in which B
      bronchiseptica is involved.

PMID- 685093
TI  - Anaphylactoid reactions to Mellavax in calves.

PMID- 685094
TI  - Experimental challenge of red deer with Mycobacterium avium.

PMID- 685095
TI  - Sites of CEM infection.

PMID- 685096
TI  - Pyrexia with dermatitis in dairy cows.

PMID- 685098
TI  - Dealing with data: the practical use of numerical information--(4) Displaying
      data.

PMID- 685097
TI  - Nutritional myodegeneration in dairy cows.
AB  - A syndrome is described in which parturient dairy cows showed clinical signs
      consistent with milk fever but failed to respond to conventional therapy. The
      affected cows were reluctant to walk, moved stiffy and in severe cases became
      recumbent. The condition was apparently precipitated by low vitaimin E and
      selenium intake, stress of pregnancy and in one outbreak erratic feeding.
      Skeletal and cardiac myodegeneration were observed grossly and histologically but
      an almost full term fetus from an affected cow showed no muscle lesions. A high
      incidence of retained placentae was also recorded.

PMID- 685099
TI  - Performance, blood and carcase characteristics of finishing steers treated with
      trenbolone acetate and hexoestrol.
AB  - Twenty British Friesian steers were divided into four uniform groups and either
      not treated or implanted with hexoestrol, trenbolone acetate, or hexoestrol plus
      trenbolone acetate. Hexoestrol was given 90 days and trenbolone acetate 70 days,
      before slaughter. Animals in the treatment groups grew significantly faster,
      converted food to live-weight gain more effciently faster, converted food to live
      weight gain more efficiently and had lower levels of plasma urea and to a lesser
      extent serum albumin than untreated controls for the final 70 days before
      slaughter. The combined treatment of hexoestrol plus trenbolone acetate produced
      more pronounced effects than either compound given alone. Steers treated with
      hexoestrol had significantly greater levels of serum growth hormone than steers
      implanted with trenbolone acetate alone or untreated controls, but the treatments
      had no significant effect on levels of plasma glucose, free fatty acids or serum
      insulin. Carcase conformation and fat cover assessed subjectively did not differ
      between treated and control animals but killing out percentage was generally
      higher in all treatment groups.

PMID- 685100
TI  - A bacteriophage for Treponema hyodysenteriae.

PMID- 685101
TI  - Bovine mastitis control.

PMID- 685102
TI  - Oesophagotomy in the cow.

PMID- 685103
TI  - Immobilisation of free-ranging wild animals using a new drug.
AB  - Field trials were conducted with the potent morphine-like analgesic, R33799
      (Janssen Pharmaceutica; Beerse, Belgium) in South African national parks on 217
      free-ranging wild animals, representing 20 different species. The drug was found
      to be effective and safe for a wide range of ungulates and pachyderms and
      Burchell's zebra (Equus burchelli) did not react to expected dosage levels. A
      suggested dosage regime for 19 species is given.  Recommended optimal dosage
      rates varies from about 1 microgram per kg for pachyderms to about 10 microgram
      per kg for most of the larger ungulates. Xylazine and azaperone were found
      valuable adjuncts to R33799 in dosage ratios of 10:1 and 30:1 respectively.

PMID- 685104
TI  - Factors affecting the survival of Treponema hyodysenteriae in dysenteric pig
      faeces.
AB  - Treponema hyodysenteriae was found to survive for periods of up to 48 days in
      dysenteric pig faeces stored at temperatures between 0 degree C and 10 degree C
      inclusive. Survival was reduced to seven days at 25 degree C and did not exceed
      24 hours at 37 degree C. Dilution 1:10 with tapwater appeared to enhance survival
      to a maximum of 61 days at 5 degree C but further dilution reduced it. Drying and
      exposure to disinfectants rapidly eliminated T hyodysenteriae from dysenteric
      faeces. Phenolic and sodium hypochlorite disinfectants were most effective. The
      use of these findings in the formulation of control programmes for swine
      dysentery is discussed.

PMID- 685105
TI  - Mycoplasma bovis mastitis.

PMID- 685106
TI  - Haemolytic disease of the newborn foal.
AB  - Clinical features of haemolytic disease of the newborn foal (HDNF) are reviewed.
      The state of knowledge concerning the serological factors associated with
      isoimmunisation of mares and as assessment of the methods available for screening
      potential "haemolytic mares" are presented. The treatment of severely affected
      foals has principally involved exchange transfusion but more recently a simple
      transfusion of mare's packed erythrocytes has proved more successful.

PMID- 685107
TI  - Isolation of Mycoplasma canadense from an outbreak of bovine masitis in England.

PMID- 685108
TI  - Naturally occurring leptospirosis (Leptospiraballum) in a red deer (Cervus
      elaphus).

PMID- 685109
TI  - Identity of fluorescence in polioencephalomalacia.

PMID- 685110
TI  - Tortoise parasite danger.

PMID- 685111
TI  - [Roentgenometric indices in congenital and acquired inadequacy of the
      craniovertebral area].

PMID- 685112
TI  - [X-ray detectable changes in the spine and craniovertebral area in developmental
      disorders of the nervous system].

PMID- 685113
TI  - [X-ray semeiotics of anterior cartilaginous nodes of the lumbar vertebral bodies
      in children and adolescents and the patterns in the course of the pathological
      process].

PMID- 685114
TI  - [Pressing problems in the x-ray diagnosis of skull injuries in children].

PMID- 685115
TI  - [Clinical x-ray indices of compensation in disorders of the locomotor functions
      of the extremities in pseudarthroses and defects of the articular ends of the
      long tubular bones].

PMID- 685116
TI  - [X-ray densitometry in evaluating marginal bone resection of the extremities for
      benign tumors and tumor-like formations].

PMID- 685117
TI  - [X-ray characteristics of the changes in the bones and soft tissues during
      prolonged hemodialysis].

PMID- 685118
TI  - [Method of roentgenography of the thoracic spine].

PMID- 685119
TI  - [Optimal projection criteria for pelvic roentgenography in the diagnosis of
      congenital dislocation and dysplasia of the coxofemoral joint].

PMID- 685120
TI  - [X-ray diagnosis of odontogenic cysts spreading into the maxillary sinus].

PMID- 685121
TI  - [Soleus muscle veins of the shin according to phlebographic data].

PMID- 685122
TI  - [X-ray changes and variants in the position of the medial surface lymphatic
      collector of the lower extremities in chronic venous insufficiency].

PMID- 685123
TI  - [Teaching system for a roentgenology course in a medical institute].

PMID- 685124
TI  - [Teaching of roentgenology].

PMID- 685125
TI  - [Improvement in the teaching of medical radiology in colleges].

PMID- 685126
TI  - [Osteopoikilosis].

PMID- 685127
TI  - [Rare forms of osteopoikilosis].

PMID- 685129
TI  - [Postsmallpox osteoarthrosis deformans].

PMID- 685128
TI  - [Marble disease in combination with acroosteolysis].

PMID- 685130
TI  - [Dynamics of the development of the coxofemoral joint elements during the process
      of treating children with congenital hip dislocation].

PMID- 685132
TI  - [Student diploma work].

PMID- 685131
TI  - [Grid-protractor for determining the degree of dislocation in the coxofemoral
      joint].

PMID- 685133
TI  - [Role of the social professions department in educating the modern specialist].

PMID- 685134
TI  - [Veterinary science and practice in the Mongolian People's Republic].

PMID- 685135
TI  - [Problems of the information support for veterinary activities].

PMID- 685137
TI  - [High assessment].

PMID- 685136
TI  - [Important tasks of the veterinary service].

PMID- 685138
TI  - [Thematic exhibition on fish diseases].

PMID- 685139
TI  - [Effect of walking exercise on the body of livestock on commercial farm
      complexes].

PMID- 685140
TI  - [Veterinary supervision in the performance of acclimatization operations in fish
      farming reservoirs].

PMID- 685141
TI  - [Etiology of tuberculoid diseases in swine].

PMID- 685142
TI  - [Cases of mixed infection in swine].

PMID- 685143
TI  - [Clinical anatomical characteristics of salmonellosis in beavers].

PMID- 685144
TI  - [Worming of horses with delafondiasis].

PMID- 685145
TI  - [Treatment of cattle with theileriasis].

PMID- 685146
TI  - [Heifer age and the reproductive function].

PMID- 685147
TI  - [Experience in preventing sterility in cows].

PMID- 685148
TI  - [Blood protein metabolism in cows with sterility].

PMID- 685149
TI  - [Sperm dosages in the artificial insemination of cows and heifers].

PMID- 685150
TI  - [Use of osimol in latent ketosis in cows].

PMID- 685151
TI  - [Deep tissue antisepsis].

PMID- 685153
TI  - [From clinical practice].

PMID- 685152
TI  - [Ultrasonic wound treatment].

PMID- 685154
TI  - [Shock work for the anniversary year].

PMID- 685155
TI  - [Importance of medicinal plants in the treatment scheme for calves with
      dyspepsia].

PMID- 685156
TI  - [Permissible pesticide residues in feeds].

PMID- 685157
TI  - [Toxicological evaluation of the slaughter products from animals poisoned with
      ricide].

PMID- 685158
TI  - [Biological activity of preparation PV-1].

PMID- 685159
TI  - [Diagnosis of zoocoumarin poisoning].

PMID- 685160
TI  - [Case of animal poisoning by coriander groats].

PMID- 685161
TI  - [Biological properties of the Salmonella isolated from animals on the territory
      of Transcarpathia].

PMID- 685162
TI  - [Modification of a method of determining vitamin A in the liver].

PMID- 685163
TI  - [Field hematocrit].

PMID- 685164
TI  - [New veterinary faculty reinforcements].

PMID- 685165
TI  - [Determination of the effect of clinoptilolit on the BOD (biochemical oxygen
      demand) of the waste waters from pig farms].
AB  - The passage of sedimented refuse water from pig-breeding farms through a
      clinoptilolit filtre of a grain size of 1.0 up to 0.5 mm leads to a decrease in
      BNO5 (the biochemical need of water) of such water by about 21 per cent. This is
      of interest to the purification of wastage waters associated with the everyday
      life as well as of refuse waters linked with animal-breeding activity, with
      special reference to keeping waters clean.

PMID- 685166
TI  - [Production and titration of a vaccine against the infectious encephalomyelitis
      of poultry].
AB  - A vaccine was produced against infectious encephalomyelitis of day-old chicks
      infected cerebrally with strain Calnek 1143. It is a brain suspension from killed
      birds that have shown disease symptoms, treated with penicillin and streptomycin
      and stored at -20 degrees C. Experiments were carried out to titrate the vaccine
      through determining the minimum infective dose for day-old chicks treated with
      0.1 cm3 each of it, orally, as obtained from tenfold dilutions. It was found that
      birds do not manifest clinically the disease, however, with birds killed 20--25
      days following infection there have been characteristic histologic changes
      speaking of infectious encephalomyelitis. The minimum infective dose of the
      various batches of vaccine have been found to range from 10(-3) to 10(-5)/cm3.
      Applied under the conditions of the practice the vaccine has proved harmless,
      contributing to eradication of the disease on the infected farms.

PMID- 685167
TI  - [Losses from sterility in cows].
AB  - Stated are the drop in milk productivity and the total losses in a value
      expression as determined by a definite formula. The observations were carried out
      on four large dairy farms. The cows on each farm were divided into groups
      according to the number of lactation and the length of the intercalving period.
      It was found that in 84 per cent of the cases of cows with a prolonged
      intercalving period the average daily milk yield for the same period was lower
      than in the case of cows with a normal duration of this period. Calculated were
      also the K coefficients, showing the milk loss, per lost service-period day. With
      a small group of cows there was an increase in the milk yield per each lost
      service-period day. The K coefficients were shown to vary with the individual
      groups of animals. At the same time most of the calculated values, indicating the
      loss of milk in sterility, were statistically insignificant. This was due to the
      expressed individual character of the response of sterile cows with regard to the
      drop in milk productivity. It was rather difficult to refer to a certain definite
      and general normativ as attempted by some authors. The guiding principle in the
      culling of sterile cows should be based on the individual approach. The data are
      given in two tablets.

PMID- 685168
TI  - [Development of subclinical mastitis in cows].
AB  - Montly investigations have been carried out on a farm for the presence of
      subclinical mastitis in a total of 59 cows. As many as six examinations have been
      made up to the drying of the cows and two after their calving. It has been found
      that subclinical mastitis assumes a protracted course, and in 23.7 per cent of
      the cows it is present during the whole period of investigation of 6-8 months. In
      42.9 per cent of the animals the recovery of the affected udder sets in without
      therapeutic intervention. It has also been noted that in 33.8 per cent of the
      diseased cows subclinical mastitis develops into a clinical form of mastitis.

PMID- 685169
TI  - [Epizootic of S. heidelberg in poultry breeding flocks raised commercially].
AB  - It was noted that under the conditions of industrial raising of adult birds the
      epizootic of Salmonella heidelberg could assumme an acute course with a clinical
      manifestation. After its short-term acute manifestation the infection acquired a
      protracted course. Mortality correlated directly with the age of the birds.
      Isolated and identified were a total of 117 Salmonella heidelberg strains from
      carcasses, cloacal samples, eggs, and litter. Regardless of the short-term
      Salmonella harbouring the deep litter was shown to predispose to reinfections.
      The isolation of eight strains of S. heidelberg from the egg shell and the yolk
      of freshly laid eggs as well as the negative microbial findings in one- and two
      fold fumigated eggs corroborate the idea of the additional entering of Salmonella
      organisms through the shell. These also point to the fact that fumigation carried
      out up to the third hour following laying may contribute to the raising of
      disease-free broilers. Treatment with furazolidon and chloramphenicol in
      combination or the application of salmocid at the rate of 250 milligram microgram
      of feed in the course of ten days suppresses the acute manifestation of the
      disease and restores the productivity of birds, having no effect on the
      harbouring of the infection in the flock.

PMID- 685170
TI  - [Epizootiological characteristics of trichophytosis in calves raised
      commercially].
AB  - Epizootiologic studies were carried out after a special programme in four calf
      fattening combines harbouring trichophytosis-affected animals. Tested was the
      effectiveness of a Soviet vaccina, Tphi 130 under this country's conditions. It
      was found that 20 per cent of the examined contact calves and 23.3 per cent of
      the survivals were carriers of T. faviforme. It was demonstrated that the vaccine
      conferred solid immunity against the Bulgarian strains of T. faviforme.

PMID- 685171
TI  - [Microclimate and the mortality among turkey poult broilers].
AB  - Zoohygiene studies have been carried out in the course of two years, following up
      periodically at 20--25-day intervals the concentration of ammonia gas and
      hydrogen sulfide, the relative humidity, and the temperature within the houses of
      an industrial animal-breeding complex for the production of broiler turkey
      poults. Parallel investigations have aimed at following up the morbidity and
      mortality rates among the birds. Part of them divided into age groups, have
      likewise been studied in terms of total protein and protein fractions of the
      blood serum along with the establishing of the blood bactericidal titer.
      Dependable values have been found of the interrelationship between the age of the
      turkey-poults and their mortality rate. The same have proved to be the values
      expressing the correlation between the air concentration of ammonia gas in the
      farm houses and the mortality rate shown. It is concluded that the mortality
      rates established in the turkey combine might probably be due to the action of
      comlex factors, mainly to inappropriate microclimate and incomplete raising
      technology that contribute to the appearance and development of pathogenic and
      occasionally pathogenic agents as well as of some noninfectious diseases.

PMID- 685172
TI  - [Changes in the free amino acids of lamb meat during refirgerator storage].

PMID- 685173
TI  - [Effect of drugs on the pyrogenic reactivity of sheep].
AB  - Investigated was the effect of coffeine, bromine, atropine, and pilocarpine on
      the course of experimentally induced (by means of an Alcaligenes falcalis
      lipopolysaccharide) pyrogenic response in sheep. It was noted that coffeine
      aggravated, and bromine and partly atropine made more feasible the manifestation
      of the pyrogenic response in these animals. Pilocarpine enhanced some of the
      functions of the body while this reaction tookplace. Some arguments are given to
      elucidate the mechanism of the pyrogenic response.

PMID- 685174
TI  - Protein structure of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: identification of the
      virus structural and cell associated polypeptides.

PMID- 685175
TI  - Relationships between temperate phages Mu and P1.

PMID- 685176
TI  - Superinduction of human fibroblast interferon production: further evidence for
      increased stability of interferon mRNA.

PMID- 685177
TI  - Transcription and replication of bacteriophage phi6 RNA.

PMID- 685178
TI  - Temperature sensitive mutants of bacteriophage phi6 defective in both
      transcription and replication.

PMID- 685179
TI  - Infection of Phaseolus vulgaris by bean golden mosaic virus: ultrastructural
      aspects.

PMID- 685180
TI  - Genetic recombination of bacteriophage T7 DNA in vitro. IV. Asymmetry of
      recombination frequencies caused by polarity of DNA packaging.

PMID- 685181
TI  - The generation and propagation of defective-interfering particles of Semliki
      Forest virus in different cell types.

PMID- 685182
TI  - Heterology among the RNAs of tymoviruses as revealed by RNA-RNA hybridizations.

PMID- 685183
TI  - A restriction endonuclease cleavage map of G4.

PMID- 685184
TI  - Mutation in bacteriophage T3 affecting host cell lysis.

PMID- 685185
TI  - Type-C retrovirus maturation and assembly: post-translational cleavage of the gag
      gene coded precursor polypeptide occurs at the cell membrane.

PMID- 685186
TI  - Do cotranscripts of viral and cellular DNA exist in KB cells lytically infected
      with adenovirus 5? A hybridization study.

PMID- 685187
TI  - [Tissue distribution and several properties of the multiple forms of acid
      phosphatase].

PMID- 685188
TI  - [Effect of turkesterone and nerobol on the activity of the protein synthesizing
      system of mouse liver].
AB  - Protein biosynthesis was stimulated in liver tissue in vivo and in vitro after
      administration into mice of either phytoecdizone of turkesterone (0.5 mg/100 g)
      or of anabolic steroid compound nerobole (1 mg/100 g). Stimulation of protein
      biosynthesis was due to an increase in functional activity of polyribosomes and
      to elevation in the synthesis of protein molecules. Actinomycin D, which
      inhibited the stimulation of protein biosynthesis in liver tissue of mice treated
      with nerobole, did not affect the phenomenon in mice treated with turkesterone.

PMID- 685189
TI  - [Effect of eserine on DNA synthesis in rat liver].
AB  - Incorporation of labelled precursors into total and nuclear DNA of liver tissue
      was inhibited after administration into animals of eserine at a dose 0.1--0.2
      mg/100 g of body weight. Simultaneously, DNAase activity was increased and
      cholinesterase activity was inhibited in liver tissue. The DNA synthesis was
      inhibited in liver slices, if they were incubated with 2.10(-6) M eserine. The
      DNAase activity was unaltered in vitro. A cholinolytic compound metacin, pre
      administered into the animals, was ineffective at dose of 1 mg/kg; it slightly
      decreased the effect of eserine at dose of 0.25 mg/kg.

PMID- 685190
TI  - [Isoenzyme spectrum and activity of several enzymes of bone marrow erythroid and
      myeloid cells in rabbits and changes in them under the influence of
      hydrocortisone].
AB  - Rabbit myeloid myelocaryocytes possessed higher activities of hexokinase (HK) and
      lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) as compared with those of erythroid cells. The
      lypolytic activity was twice as high in myeloid myelocaryocytes as in erythroid
      ones. Both strains of medullar cells did not differ in the activity of glucose-6
      phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). But the isoenzyme spectra of G6PD varied
      distinctly in these cells; HK and LDH isoenzyme spectra were the same both in
      myeloid and erythroid cells. The enzymatic activity was altered dissimilarly in
      myeloid and erythroid cells after administration of hydrocortisone. In myeloid
      cells the HK activity was decreased, in the erythroid cells--the HK activity
      tended to increase and the lipolytic activity was decreased. Alterations in the
      isoenzyme spectra of G6PD and LDH, caused by hydrocortisone administration,
      exhibited similar patterns in myeloid and erythroid cells.

PMID- 685191
TI  - [Nuclease activity in leukemia altered lymphoid tissue].
AB  - Activities of DNAase I, DNAase II, RNAase I and RNAase II were altered in
      lymphoid tissue during development of lymphoid leukosis in mice of AKR strain,
      during survival of the leukemic cells as well as in leukemic spleen tissue of
      mice C57BI with transplantable leukosis La. The enzymatic activity correlated
      with the step of the process, the rate of leukemic cells proliferation, with
      dimensions of organs. Variations in the enzymatic activity, as compared with
      normal state were dissimilar in development of leukosis; activity of the enzymes
      was either increased or decreased apparently due to their multiple functions in
      metabolism of nucleic acids.

PMID- 685192
TI  - [Effect of adaptation to high altitude hypoxia and cold on rat myocardial adenyl
      cyclase activity].

PMID- 685193
TI  - [Interrelationship between the activity of cholinergic processes and
      catecholamine metabolism in botulin poisoning].
AB  - Reversible inhibition of cholinergic processes in cats after pancreatectomy was
      accompanied by decreased urinary excretion of adrenaline, increased excretion of
      vanilyl mandelic acid, exhaustion of catecholamine stores in adrenal glands and
      increased content of noradrenaline in some tissues. Similar alterations occurred
      in the paralytic step of botulinic intoxication. Metabolism of catecholamines was
      much more distinctly impaired in previously pancreatectomized animals after
      development of botulinic and tetanic neurointoxications, which were accompanied
      by irreversible inhibition of acetylcholine liberation in myoneural synapses.
      Impairments of catecholamine metabolism were manifested in a decrease in total
      content of the substances studied in various tissues.

PMID- 685194
TI  - [Age composition of the erythrocyte population, ATP and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate
      composition in erythrocytes in different forms of hemolytic anemia].
AB  - The total erythrocyte population was subdivided into three age groups using as
      criteria the stability of red blood cells to osmotic shock and the values of
      glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity. The "old" erythrocytes
      constituted about 8%, "mature"--87% and "young"--5% under normal conditions. In
      hereditary microspherocytosis 70% of erythrocytes possessed a decreased osmotic
      resistance and higher G6PD activity as compared with normal state. Two categories
      of erythrocytes was found among "young" cells in Marchiafava-Micheli disease; one
      of them possessed normal osmotic resistance, the other--decreased osmotic
      resistance. The age composition of the erythrocyte population was normal in
      functional hyperbilirubinemia. Content of ATP was decreased in erythrocytes of
      patients with hereditary microspherocytosis, it was increased in Marchiafava
      Micheli disease and approached the normal level in patients with functional
      hyperbilirubinemia. Concentration of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate was similar to the
      normal level in erythrocytes of patients with functional hyperbilirubinemia; an
      inverse correlation was observed between contents of hemoglobin and of 2,3
      diphosphoglycerate in blood of patients with hereditary microspherocytosis and
      with Marchiafava-Michel disease.

PMID- 685195
TI  - [Effect of the activity of adrenergic processes on tissue catecholamine
      concentrations].
AB  - Demedullation of adrenal glands caused a decrease in excretion of adrenaline and
      vanilyl mandelic acid with simultaneous increase of adrenaline content in various
      rat tissues. Predemedullation of adrenal glands prevented distinctly the
      alterations in catecholamine metabolism, which developed in botulinic and tetanic
      neurointoxications. The data obtained suggest that activation of adrenergic
      processes is of importance in genesis of the alterations observed in
      catecholamine metabolism under conditions of botulinic and tetanic intoxications.

PMID- 685196
TI  - [Extraction, separation and quantitative determination of prostaglandins in
      blood, thrombocytes and several tissues].
AB  - Modified methods, using selective organic extraction and absorption
      distributional column chromatography, are described for isolation of
      prostglandines with high yield; the substances were differentiated by means of
      the methods used into series A, E, F. Use of radioimmunologic method enabled to
      obtain data on content of prostglandines in blood plasma and in thrombocytes of
      healthy people and of patients with ischemic heart impairments as well as on
      content of these substances in rabbit blood plasma, fatty and livery tissues.

PMID- 685197
TI  - [Effect of heparin on blood sugar concentrations in rats with alloxan diabetes].

PMID- 685198
TI  - [Monoamine oxidation in the mitochondrial fraction of bovine kidney catalyzed by
      monoamine oxidase type B].
AB  - Oxidative deamination of tyramine, serotonin and benzyl amine in bovine kidney
      mitochondria was inhibited by low concentrations of deprenil (but not
      clorgylline). These data and the patterns of the plots of residual enzymatic
      activity against concentration of the inhibitors as well as the "mixed
      substrates" experiments suggest occurrence in bovine kidney mitochondria of
      monoamine oxidase of the B type only, which has to be considered in studies on
      the nature of monoamine oxidases using bovine kidney mitochondria as a rich
      source of monoamine oxidase activity.

PMID- 685199
TI  - [Proteolytic enzymes of leukocytes in human blood].
AB  - Hydrolysis of various substrates by proteolytic enzymes from human blood
      leukocytes was studied. Among the protein substrates used protamine was
      hydrolyzed at the highest rate. Among the synthetic substrates--N-benzoyl-D,L
      arginine ethyl ester was the one hydrolyzed most rapidly. Effect of native
      inhibitors of proteinases and of bivalent metal ions on the proteolytic activity
      in leukocytes was also studied. The highest proteolytic activity, estimated by
      hydrolysis of protamine, was found in lysosomal and microsomal fractions.

PMID- 685200
TI  - [Isolation and properties of cholera vibrio neuraminidase].

PMID- 685201
TI  - [State of humoral immunity in children with diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 685202
TI  - [Dynamics of the serotonin content in the blood and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid
      excretion as a result of prophylaxis and treatment in children and adolescents
      with endemic goiter].

PMID- 685203
TI  - [Indices of hypophyseal gonadotropic function in the newborn in the period of
      early adaptation].

PMID- 685204
TI  - [True hermaphroditism].

PMID- 685205
TI  - [Phenylketonuria in combination with leukodystrophy].

PMID- 685206
TI  - [Birth-conditioned cerebral vascular disorders in children].

PMID- 685207
TI  - [Dynamics of blood coagulation indices under the influence of therapy in cerebral
      vascular disorders in children].

PMID- 685208
TI  - [Dynamic of glycolysis and pentosephosphate cycle enzymatic activity in iron
      deficiency anemia in children].

PMID- 685209
TI  - [Medical rehabilitation of women with cardiovascular pathology who have delivered
      by the abdominal route].

PMID- 685210
TI  - [Electrical activity of the cerebral cortex in women with prolonged pregnancy
      being prepared for labor by means of electroanalgesia].

PMID- 685211
TI  - [Peripheral blood indices in pregnant women with mitral stenosis].

PMID- 685212
TI  - [Sex hormone excretion in pregnant women with late toxicosis in the period
      preparatory to labor].

PMID- 685213
TI  - [Gonadotropic function of the hypophysis and the hormonal function of the ovaries
      in women after labor complicated by blood loss].

PMID- 685214
TI  - Correlation between placental lactogen concentration and the serum protein
      spectrum in women with chronic placental insufficiency.

PMID- 685215
TI  - [Combination of hemophilia and rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 685216
TI  - [Consumption coagulopathy in a newborn infant with an intracranial birth injury].

PMID- 685217
TI  - [Case of trichotillomania in a girl].

PMID- 685218
TI  - [Effect of fatty acid triglycerides on lipogenesis and the makeup of plasma,
      fatty tissue and erythocyte membrane fatty acids in rats].
AB  - The fatty acids middle-chain triglycerides (FAMCT) may be considered as a
      possible component of alimentary mixtures intended to lower the energy-giving
      efficiency of the nutritional ration. They do not join the tissue lipids, whereas
      their reconstruction into long-chain fatty acids requires an additional
      expenditure of energy. These facts were confirmed by the results obtained in
      tests on rats. Feeding of growing rats for 5 weeks on a ration containing 12 per
      cent of the FAMCT on condition of a sufficient administration of polyunsaturated
      fatty acids (PUFA) through addition of sunflower seed oil led to a significant
      fall of the body mass gain by comparison with that in rats receiving a ration
      whose main source of fat was lard. An increased tryglycerides synthesis in the
      liver was not accompanied by their accumulation in the organ. The triglycerides
      level in the serum was up. An analysis of the fatty acids composition in the
      epididymitic fatty tissue, plasma and erythrocytes confirmed that the FAMCT C2
      fragments developing during metabolization are used up chiefly in lipogenesis,
      one of the basic products of which is palmitic acid. The metabolization of FAMC
      with sufficient PUFA proportion in the ration does not derange the plastic
      function of fat in the organism, i.e, securing biosynthesis of lipid components
      of the membranes.

PMID- 685219
TI  - [Characteristics of the enzymatic adaptation of rat liver lysosomes to protein
      deficiency].
AB  - The effects of age-specific peculiarities and the duration of maintaining rats on
      a ration with 4 per cent of protein (the initial mass of rats in the 1st group
      100 g each; duration of the experiment--30 days. Initial mass rats in the 2d
      group--200 g each; duration of experiment--90 days on the activity of the
      lysosomal hydrolase was studied. The latter included beta-glucosidase, beta
      galactosidase, beta-glucoronidase, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, arylsulfatase A
      and B, acid phosphatase, phospholipase A1 and A2, cholinesterase, the total
      proteolytic activity and that of catepsines A, B, C and D. An ambiguity of
      changes in the enzymes activity in the animals of the 1st and 2d groups was
      revealed. Placing the growing animals on a ration containing 4 per cent of
      protein produces an activation of the most of the lysosomal enzymes, whereas in
      animals of the 2d test group the nature of changes in the activity of individual
      enzymes proved to differ quite appreciably. Thus, the summary activity of
      catepsines, beta-glucoronidase and cholinesterase was below the control level,
      while the activity of beta-galactosidase, beta-N-acetyl-glucoseaminidase and
      phospholipase A1 and A2 went up. A prolonged maintenance of rats on a protein
      poor ration led to upsetting the stability of the lysosomal membranes, which
      manifested itself in a higher solubilization of lysosomal enzymes in vitro.

PMID- 685220
TI  - [Effect of tetracycline on rat liver mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in
      vivo and in vitro under a varying body allowance of protein].
AB  - An investigation of the tetracycline action in vivo and in vitro showed it to
      reduce the rate of oxidative phosphorylation in the rat liver mitochondria which,
      with an increased concentration or a longer introduction of the drug, gives place
      to inhibition of respiration. These changes occur following introduction of 100
      mg/kg by the 10th day of the experiment and of 20 mg/kg--by the 20th day. The
      protein-low background is a factor contributing to a speedier effect of
      tetracycline. Heat-treated tetracycline produces greater changes than does the
      native drug.

PMID- 685221
TI  - [Effect of a sugar diet on the exhalation of 14CO2 by rats after the
      administration of citric acid-3-14C].
AB  - In rats of three age groups (one month-old rattlings, young 3-month old and adult
      rats not younger than 5 months) receiving the usual vivarium food the exhalation
      of C14O2 substantially decreased with the age and the maximum radioactivity of
      the air following intraperitoneal introduction of citric acid-3-C14 was greatly
      delayed. Upon putting for 2 months on a cariogenic diet with 54 per cent of
      saccharose of one month old and 3-month old animals there was noted a
      significantly accelerated appearance in the expired air of C14O2 and a quicker
      reaching the maximum radioactivity of the expired air than in controls. It seems
      that in an accelerated exhalation of C14O2 a definite role is played by the
      transormation of citric acid in the muscles and blood with the animals kept on a
      saccharose diet.

PMID- 685222
TI  - [14C-riboflavin metabolism in mice with Ehrlich's ascitic tumor].
AB  - The distribution of 14C-riboflavin in the tissues and elimination of radioactive
      metabolites with the urine during dynamic development (in 3--5--10 days) of the
      ascitic Ehrlich's tumour in mice after administration of 10 gamma g per mouse of
      tagged vitamin in 1--3--24 hr subcutaneously and intragastrically were studied.
      The development of the neoplastic process was accompanied by a reduced deposition
      of 14C-riboflavin in the tissues of the macroorganism, an increased elimination
      of tagged metabolites with the urine, a rising content of the tag in the ascitic
      fluid. The concentration of the tagged vitamin in the tumour cells remained
      continuously high in all periods of the test under investigation, its results
      bearing evidence to an impoverishment of the macroorganism in riboflavial under
      conditions of the malignant tumour growth.

PMID- 685223
TI  - [Interrelationship of calcium and magnesium in the case of a varying magnesium
      content in the diet of jaw fracture patients].
AB  - In 12 patients with jaw-bones fractures an investigation of calcium and magnesium
      metabolism was carried out with a view of elucidating its possible relation to
      the course of repair of the bone tissue. A reciprocal dependence in the calcium
      and magnesium ions exchange in lesions of the jaws and an intensified
      accumulation of these ions by the time of the initial formation of the secondary
      callus were revealed. Investigations have confirmed the important role of
      magnesium in the metabolism of the bone tissue and a study of two diets with
      different magnesium content justified recommending its daiy allowance of about
      550 mg for the given patients' population.

PMID- 685224
TI  - [Energy metabolism and the requirement for food and energy in Baikal-Amur
      mainline workers engaged in clearing strips through the forest].
AB  - Indirect calorimetry and time studies showed the diurnal energy expenditure in
      wood fellers to be 5186.2, in their helpers--4476.9 and in branch choppers-
      5246.9 kcalories. In accordance with these energy expenditures requirements of
      the mentioned category of workers in energy, nutrients and other essential
      nutritional factors have been elaborated. Recommendations for organization of
      nutrition in the field are given.

PMID- 685225
TI  - [Effect of the nutritional regimen on work capacity level of students].
AB  - The influence was studied on 2-and 3-fold nutritional pattern on the performance
      capacity of 43 students, who continuing their ordinary work under routine
      conditions were receiving isocaloric rations identical in their qualatitative
      composition. The regularity of nutrition was found to have a favourable effect;
      it heightened the accuracy of work according to correction tables; increased the
      speed of the visual-motor reaction during working hours; reduced the number of
      erroneous reactions to a differentiated stimulator the positive influence of a 3
      fold nutritional regimen being more pronounced.

PMID- 685226
TI  - [Effect of the lipid components on milk quality during storage].

PMID- 685227
TI  - [Content of antibiotic residues in food products].
AB  - By using the microbiological method of diffusion into agar it was noted that meat
      and dairy products contain residual amounts of tetracycline and penicillin from
      0.01 up to 1.0 Un/g/ml, and of streptomycin--up to 2.4 Un/g. Tetracycline was
      more often found in the hog liver, cottage cheese and in sour cream.

PMID- 685228
TI  - [Study of the mutagenic and embryotoxic action of etidin].
AB  - Investigations of mutagenic and embryotoxic action of ethidine were conducted on
      animals. The possibility of the mutagenic action of ethidine (in doses of 2500
      and 1000 mg/kg of the body mass) was verified on mongrel albino mice through
      investigation of chromosomal aberration in the bone marrow cells. The
      embryotoxicity was studied on mongrel albino rats with introduction of the
      compound (in doses of 100 and 500 mg/kg to pregnant female rats at the time of
      implantation or organogenesis. On the 20th day of development the mass, length,
      external and internal developmental anomalies were noted along with observations
      carried on over the progency in the post-natal period. Opening of the eyes and
      the appearance of the hair tegmentum were recorded and dynamic changes in the
      body mass observed for a period of 2 months. In tests 14 mice were used from
      which 1300 cells were obtained and examined at the stage of metaphase and 50
      female rats from which 307 embryos and 183 rattlings were studied in the post
      natal period. Investigations failed to reveal any mutagenic of embryotoxic action
      of ethidine, nor its influence on the progeny in the post-natal period.

PMID- 685229
TI  - [Harmlessness of plumbagine in a biological experiment].
AB  - Plumbagine (2-methyl-5-oxy-1,4-naphtoquinone) did not have any essential effect
      on the general condition and dynamic changes in the body mass of albino rats,
      their blood coagulation system and fibrinolysis, the liver and renal functions
      and morphological structure of the internal organs. An analysis of the available
      data justify recommending plumbagine as a preservative of soft, when used in
      doses not exceeding 0.8--1.0 mg/l, i.e. 0.00008--0.0001 per cent of the finished
      product mass.

PMID- 685230
TI  - [Experimental study of pathogenic staphylococcal multiplication and of
      enterotoxin formation times during the manufacture and maturing of "Rossiiskii"
      type cheese].
AB  - In an experimentit the dynamics of propagation and dying out of the staphylococci
      throughout the technological process along with the time needed for development
      and continued presence of enterotoxin in cheeses of the "Rossiisky" are shown.
      These data are of importance for prophylaxis of food poisonings of staphycoloccal
      etiology.

PMID- 685231
TI  - [Calcium and phosphorus requirements and their daily urinary excretion in
      preschool children].

PMID- 685232
TI  - [Di- and monosaccharide makeup of breast milk and of basic substituent mixtures].

PMID- 685233
TI  - [Titanium distribution in the body in qualitatively and quantitatively inferior
      nutrition].

PMID- 685234
TI  - [Amino acid composition of the muscle tissue of guinea hens].

PMID- 685235
TI  - [Pressure in the pulmonary artery and cavities of the heart in patients with
      suppurative lung diseases].

PMID- 685236
TI  - [Detection of latent hypercoagulation in chronic nonspecific lung diseases].

PMID- 685237
TI  - [Diagnostic and treatment characteristics of deforming bronchitis].

PMID- 685238
TI  - [X-ray bronchological study in the diagnosis of posttuberculotic changes in the
      bronchi].

PMID- 685239
TI  - [Oxygen insufficiency in the pathogenesis of chronic alcoholic intoxication].

PMID- 685240
TI  - [Diagnostic importance of arterial oscillographic and rheovasographic indices in
      lumbosacral radiculitis].

PMID- 685241
TI  - [Principles of deontology in the work of first aid medical personnel].

PMID- 685242
TI  - ["Asymmetric gray hair" phenomenon in the diagnosis of syringomyelia].

PMID- 685243
TI  - [Humoral autoantibody studies in psychoses in the middle-aged and elderly].

PMID- 685244
TI  - [Changes in the blood coagulating and anticoagulating systems in the process of
      forming vaccinal immunity].

PMID- 685245
TI  - [Use of component analysis for clarifying the interrelationship between chronic
      bronchitis morbidity and the dust factor in machinery industry workers].

PMID- 685246
TI  - [Clinical syndromes of acute dichloroethane poisonings and the pathogenetic
      treatment principles].

PMID- 685247
TI  - [Assimilation in the body of fish concentrate proteins].

PMID- 685248
TI  - [Errors in the diagnosis of echinococcosis].

PMID- 685249
TI  - [Evaluation of the state of the microcirculation in the balneotherapy of
      arteriosclerosis patients].

PMID- 685250
TI  - [Determination of the sterol content in fibrinogen as a method of diagnosing the
      progression of arteriosclerosis].

PMID- 685252
TI  - [Functional state of the cardiovascular system in underground coal mine workers].

PMID- 685251
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of the sick sinus syndrome].

PMID- 685253
TI  - [Effect of strophanthin on the oxidative processes in the heart muscle in
      experimental myocardial infarct].

PMID- 685254
TI  - [Rare etiological factors in the sick sinus syndrome].

PMID- 685255
TI  - [Functional state of the parathyroid glands in disorders of cerebral
      circulation].

PMID- 685256
TI  - [Distribution characteristics of leukocytic antigens in hematopoietic
      hypoplasia].

PMID- 685257
TI  - [X-ray diagnosis of a pseudotumor in hemophilia].

PMID- 685258
TI  - [Lymphocyte transformational reactivity in chronic hepatitis and liver
      cirrhosis].

PMID- 685259
TI  - [Effect of the overall treatment on trace element metabolism and ceruloplasmin
      activity in chronic cholecystitis].

PMID- 685260
TI  - [Functional state of the stomach in chronic cholangiohepatitis].

PMID- 685261
TI  - [Comprehensive treatment of diabetes mellitus at Psel sanatorium-preventorium].

PMID- 685262
TI  - [Lupoid reactions in pyelonephritis].

PMID- 685263
TI  - [Reiter's syndrome].

PMID- 685264
TI  - Alcoholism. Earlier diagnosis and definition of the problem.
AB  - There are important measurements of alcoholism that are poorly understood by
      physicians. Professional attitudes toward alcoholic patients are often
      counterproductive. Americans spend about $30 billion on alcohol a year and most
      adults drink alcohol. Even though traditional criteria allow for recognition of
      the disease, diagnosis is often made late in the natural course, when
      intervention fails. Alcoholism is a major health problem and accounts for 10
      percent of total health care costs. Still, this country's 10 million adult
      alcoholics come from a pool of heavy drinkers with well defined demographic
      characteristics. These social, cultural and familial traits, along with subtle
      signs of addiction, allow for earlier diagnosis. Although these factors alone do
      not establish a diagnosis of alcoholism, they should alert a physician that
      significant disease may be imminent. Focus must be directed to these aspects of
      alcoholism if containment of the problem is expected.

PMID- 685265
TI  - A predictive study of congenital heart disease and need for care.
AB  - For long-term planning in the delivery of health care, prevalence data are
      essential for budget estimates in terms both of distribution and training of
      manpower and fiscal responsibility. From incidence figures, from the knowledge of
      the natural history of congenital heart disease and from predicted population
      estimates it is possible to construct a model that reflects the prevalence of
      congenital heart disease. This has been done for the state of California; the
      methods used and the data gathered should prove useful nationally. It is
      estimated that there were in 1975 in California 17,531 children under 21 years of
      age with congenital heart disease; 24 percent of these had ventricular septal
      defects and 23 percent had pulmonary stenosis, 11 percent had atrial septal
      defects and 9 percent had aortic stenosis; the other forms of congenital heart
      disease constituted the remaining 33 percent. Based on these estimates it is then
      possible to plan the medical resources necessary for optimal care.

PMID- 685266
TI  - Aneurysm of the cardiac ventricle. Its management by medical and surgical
      intervention.
AB  - Ventricular aneurysm is usually a complication of acute transmural myocardial
      infarction. The development of cardiac aneurysm represents a process of continued
      thinning and fibrosis of the necrotic tissue of the ventricular wall. Survival
      allows the development of a solid fibrous scar which of itself does not affect
      global ventricular function substantially. Hence, ventricular aneurysms can be
      present for up to 18 years without production of serious symptoms. The cases were
      reviewed of 45 patients in whom aneurysmectomy and myocardial revascularization
      were carried out. Surgical mortality was low (6.6 percent, 30 days); survival one
      year after operation was 76 percent, but at three years had fallen to 47 percent.
      Cause of late death was dominantly cardiac. In 19 patients post-operative study
      was done; although graft patency was observed in 98 percent, substantive
      improvement in ventricular performance was seen in a minority of patients. The
      outcome in patients with ventricular aneurysm is primarily related to the status
      of the residual myocardium and to the status of the vessels which supply it. The
      mechanism of clinical improvement after aneurysmectomy has not been clarified.
      However, the long-term results appear to be similar to those in patients with
      extensive myocardial infarction.

PMID- 685267
TI  - The kidney in multiple myeloma.

PMID- 685268
TI  - Hypoplastic right ventricle with eosinophilic endomyocarditis and patent foramen
      ovale.

PMID- 685269
TI  - Idiopathic acute interstitial nephritis.

PMID- 685271
TI  - Laetrile: riding on something else's coattails.

PMID- 685272
TI  - Hospices for terminally ill patients. The California experience.

PMID- 685273
TI  - Epidural blood patch. A safe, effective treatment for postlumbar-puncture
      headaches.

PMID- 685270
TI  - Cellular basis of anoxic-ischemic brain injury.
AB  - Anoxic-ischemic cerebral disease is an important primary cause of morbidity and
      mortality, and also complicates a number of systemic diseases. Its clinical
      manifestations, such as hemiparesis and coma, represent cellular injury sustained
      by the complex, inhomogeneous brain. An understanding of the nature and pattern
      of anoxic-ischemic cerebral injury, and of the logical basis for avenues of
      therapy, is necessary to the management of patients with the various anoxic
      ischemic disorders.

PMID- 685274
TI  - [Geriocaine in the treatment of multiple sclerosis].

PMID- 685275
TI  - [Serum activity of lipolytic enzymes in girls with pubertal goiter].

PMID- 685276
TI  - [Cervix cancer in women in pregnancy, labor and puerperium].

PMID- 685277
TI  - [Treatment of immunologically determined infertility in married couples].

PMID- 685279
TI  - [Practical diagnostic blueprint in anemia].

PMID- 685278
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of estro-feminal preparation].

PMID- 685280
TI  - [Acute appendicitis with the appendix located in right-sided femoral hernia].

PMID- 685281
TI  - [Fluorine poisoning in an 18-month-old boy].

PMID- 685282
TI  - [Ovarian carcinoma during pregnancy].

PMID- 685283
TI  - [Conservative management of cervical pregnancy complicated by fetal death].

PMID- 685284
TI  - Correlative study of the treadmill stress test and coronary arteriography in
      patients with suspected coronary artery disease.

PMID- 685285
TI  - Epidemiology of burn injury in rural Wisconsin.

PMID- 685286
TI  - Results of amniocentesis under ultrasound guidance.

PMID- 685287
TI  - Neurosurgical experience with carotid endarterectomy at University Hospitals
      (1954-1976).

PMID- 685288
TI  - Responses of the D-glucuronic acid pathway in rat tissues to treatment with
      tetrachlorodibenzodioxin.
AB  - 1. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) was administered to rats to study
      its effects on the enzyme activities of the D-glucuronic acid pathway in the
      liver, small intestine and kidney. 2. The UDP-glucuronosyl transferase activity
      of male albino rats given TCDD (80 mug/kg, one dose, i.p.) 6 days before killing
      was significantly increased in all tissues examined, and UDP-glucuronic acid
      pyrophosphatase activity was markedly decreased in the liver. D-Glucuronolactone
      and L-gulonate dehydrogenase activities in the liver and small intestine were
      slightly decreased after TCDD treatment. 3. The activities of UDP-glucose
      dehydrogenase and beta-glucuronidase were unchanged. 4. The 24 h urinary
      excretion of L-ascorbic acid was enhanced 8-fold, although no difference was
      detected in the excretion of D-glucaric acid between the control and experimental
      animals. 5. These results suggest an increased capacity for glucuronide
      conjugation after treatment with TCDD. 6. The lack of increase in the urinary
      excretion of D-glucaric acid further challenges its use as a reliable indicator
      of enhanced drug metabolism.

PMID- 685289
TI  - Liver and kidney damage induced by N-hydroxyparacetamol.
AB  - 1. Liver and kidney glutathione are depleted in rats and mice following
      administration of N-hydroxyparacetamol. 2. Centrilobular hepatic necrosis and
      necrosis of renal proximal convoluted tubules were also  found, the liver lesion
      predominantly in mice and the renal lesion predominantly in rats. Glutathione
      depletion was not responsible for this species difference. 3. These results
      indicate that N-hydroxyparacetamol is the metabolic precursor of the reactive
      toxic intermediate of paracetamol. They are also relevant to the pathogenesis of
      the renal damage associated with long term abuse of phenacetin containing
      compound analgesics.

PMID- 685290
TI  - Identification of three sulphur-containing urinary metabolites of styrene in the
      rat.
AB  - 1. After administration of styrene (1) to rat, three sulphur-containing urinary
      metabolites were isolated in the molar ratio of III : IV : V equal to 65 : 34 :
      1. 2. These metabolites were identified as N-acetyl-S-(1-phenyl-2
      hydroxyethyl)cysteine (III), N-acetyl-S-(2-phenyl-2-hydroxyethyl)cysteine (IV)
      and N-acetyl-S-(phenacyl)cysteine (V). 3. After a single dose (250 mg/kg, 2.4
      mmol/kg) styrene, the totally excreted mercapturic acids in the urine amounted to
      10.7 +/- 1.0% (n = 5) of the dose.

PMID- 685291
TI  - The metabolism of talampicillin in rat, dog and man.
AB  - 1. After administration of [phthalidyl-14C] talampicillin (Talpen) to rat, dog
      and man, radioactivity was excreted mainly in the urine (90%, 86% and 98% in rat,
      dog and man respectively). 2. After administration of [ampicillin-14C]
      talampicillin, radioactivity was excreted in the urine of rats and dogs to a
      lesser extent (35% in both species) and only a small proportion of the dose was
      excreted in the bile (6% in rats, less than 0.1% in dogs). 3. The pattern of
      radiometabolites was very similar in extracts of the urines of radiometabolites
      was very similar in extracts of the urines of rat, dog and man dosed orally with
      [phthalidyl-14C]talampicillin. The major metabolite was 2-hydroxymethylbenzoic
      acid. 4. Unchanged talampicillin was present in the hepatic portal vein blood of
      dog and thus reached the liver, whereas in rat, no parent compound could be
      detected in portal vein blood. This result may help to explain differences in
      toxicity of the compound in rat and dog. 5. Studies in vitro showed that the
      intestinal wall is an important site of hydrolysis of talampicillin in rat and
      dog.

PMID- 685292
TI  - Differential metabolism of geometrical isomers of N-nitroso-2,6
      dimethylmorpholine in the hamster.
AB  - 1. The cis and trans isomers of the pancreatic carcinogen N-nitroso-2,6
      dimethylmorpholine have been prepared separately, and their metabolism studied in
      the Syrian hamster. 2. Both isomers were metabolized by beta-oxidation and ring
      scission to N-nitroso(2-hydroxypropyl)(2-oxopropyl)amine, the suggested proximate
      pancreatic carcinogen, and to N-nitrosobis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine. 3. The initial
      rate of beta-oxidation and urinary excretion of the cis isomer was much greater
      than for the trans isomer, and this is explained in terms of relative ease of
      enzymic axial attack. The amounts of metabolites in the 24-h urine were, however,
      similar. 4. The results suggest that the two isomers would have no different
      carcinogenic potency with respect to the hamster pancreas.

PMID- 685293
TI  - Estimation of Michaelis--Menten constants in microsomal enzyme systems by the
      direct linear plot and least squares regression.
AB  - 1. Data from in vitro liver microsomal metabolism of ethylmorphine aniline and
      benzpyrene in male rats and male and female quokkas (Setonix Brachyurus) were
      fitted to the Michaelis--Menten equation by Wilkinson's non-linear regression
      procedure and Eisenthal and Cornish-Bowden's direct linear plot. 2. Ethylmorphine
      and aniline metabolism in the male quokka were non-ideal, but in all other
      instances there were no differences in the performance of the two methods.

PMID- 685295
TI  - Biomedical science and human health.

PMID- 685294
TI  - From mind to brain: new emphases on psychiatric education.

PMID- 685296
TI  - Intellectual development in children whose mothers received propylthiouracil
      during pregnancy.
AB  - Standard intelligence tests were administered to twenty-eight children who had
      been exposed to PTU in utero and thirty-two non-exposed siblings. There was no
      significant difference in results between the two groups. The present study
      suggests that with careful attention, pregnant women with thyrotoxicosis can be
      treated with propylthiouracil without interfering with subsequent intellectual
      development in the offspring.

PMID- 685297
TI  - Systemic and discoid lupus erythematosus: analysis of pulmonary function.
AB  - To determine the prevalence of pulmonary dysfunction in lupus erythematosus, 24
      patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 5 patients with discoid
      lupus erythematosus (DLE) were studied. Diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide
      was abnormal in 17 (71 percent) SLE patients. A restrictive ventilatory defect
      was present in 6 (25 percent) and arterial hypoxemia in 4 of 23 (17 percent). The
      mean ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second to forced vital capacity
      (FVC) was 83 percent. To test for the presence of small airways disease, maximum
      expiratory flow rate at 50 percent of FVC was measured on air and on an 80
      percent helium-20 percent oxygen mixture. Ten patients (5 smokers and 5
      nonsmokers) with SLE were nonresponders to helium suggesting small airways
      disease. Pulmonary dysfunction was present in 90 percent (9/10) of SLE patients
      with a previous history of pleuritis and/or pneumonitis, and in 71 percent
      (10/14) without respiratory symptoms or history of lung disease and with a normal
      chest radiograph. Pulmonary function tests were normal in DLE patients except for
      an abnormal response to helium and/or mild arterial hypoxemia in two patients,
      all of whom were smokers. These data indicate that there is a high prevalence of
      pulmonary function abnormalities in SLE including patients without clinically
      evident pleuropulmonary disease.

PMID- 685298
TI  - Ordering social objectives: National Health Service and National Health Insurance
      as policy options in organizing the medical care system.
AB  - For many years, a sharp distinction was made between NHS and NHI on the basis of
      payment and program focus. First, NHS was defined as a program essentially based
      on Congressional appropriations (general revenues); while NHI would be based on
      premiums largely derived from the insured. Second, NHS guaranteed service while
      NHI guaranteed only payment for services rendered.The distinctions were later
      extended from these definitions to include differences in response to resource
      needs, changing task descriptions and personnel assignments, more equitable
      redistribution of manpower, centralized administration and consumer
      participation.In general, if the goal were equity, NHS seemed more responsive
      than NHI.However, in recent years, the approach to NHI has been modified in
      response to criticism as well as increasing recognition of changed needs, and
      proposals for NHI like the Kennedy-Corman bill have become more like proposals
      for a NHS. In short, the difference today is largely one of immediate as against
      eventual transformation of the medical care system into a social instrument
      aiming to achieve equity. The major disagreement is whether the present medical
      care system lends itself to modification so as to achieve that end.

PMID- 685299
TI  - Animal models of human disease: preface for the series.

PMID- 685301
TI  - The growth of continuing medical education.

PMID- 685302
TI  - [Herpes simplex of the skin and its treatment].

PMID- 685300
TI  - A model for ulnar dysmelia.
AB  - The treatment of pregnant rats with the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor,
      acetazolamide, produced gross limb malformations primarily affecting the forepaw,
      but also producing variable ulnar dysmelia. Analysis of the cytoarchitecture of
      the ulnar dysmelic limbs showed the presence of cartilaginous and
      fibrocartilaginous connections between the ulnar and radial chondroepiphyses,
      with variable deformation of the radial chondroepiphysis by the tethering effect
      (although the growth plate, per se, did not appear affected at the stage of
      development studied). The extremely variable experimental appearances duplicated
      most of the variations seen in the human disease analogue, and suggest this drug
      induced embryopathy may be useful as a model for the study of postaxial forelimb
      deformities in the postnatal phase in order to adequately assess the structural
      changes of disparate growth between radius and ulna due to the presence of the
      cellular continuity between the two distal chondroepiphyses.

PMID- 685303
TI  - [The gall stone ileus--diagnostic and therapeutic problems].

PMID- 685304
TI  - [Experiences in the collection and interpretation of mostly social data of
      citizens receiving annuities in the general medical care area of the district
      outpatient clinic Sayda].

PMID- 685305
TI  - [Coronary disease with reference to bicycle ergometric studies in patients with
      peripheral occlusive diseases].

PMID- 685306
TI  - [Effect of the physician's methods on the disability evaluation in the district
      of Wismar-Land].

PMID- 685307
TI  - [Social hygienic contribution to the current discussion on obesity in the German
      Democratic Republic].

PMID- 685308
TI  - [First experiences with a new electroaerosolgenarator produced by VEB TuR Dresden
      (author's transl)].
AB  - First clinical experiences with a new developed electroaerosolgenator connecting
      with an ultrasonicaerosolgenerator are described. Propositions of corrections
      concern the material of the inonizating tube, which be produced of non fragile
      plastics and the position of exhalationway. By ionometer measuring we found a
      directly relation between chargetransport and inhaled volume and the
      particleconcentration. The transportcapacity was measured by 110.10(-9) Coulomb
      (C) per ml. One aerosolparticle of 1 micrometer carried more than 100 elementary
      charges.

PMID- 685309
TI  - [Deposition of aerosols into the airways (author's transl)].
AB  - The rate of powder absorbed in the lung greatly depends on the particle diameter,
      and amounts to 40--50% for 1 micrometer particles and 15--20% for 5 micrometer
      particles. Of importance for therapy was the information that single breath will
      deposit in the lung 15% of a powder aerosol of 2 micrometer diameter. The liquid
      aerosols as prevalently used in the therapy, were retained in the lung at a rate
      of 15% of the original amount when using ultrasonic apparatus. If calculated per
      minute of inhalation time, the amount absorbed by the lung amounted to 0.2 ml and
      that by the upper respiratory tract to 0.06 ml. Best deposition in the lung was
      obtained when inhaling in a closed system with valve-controlled aerosol stream,
      when using a mouthpiece, and when the test person inhaled with low respiratory
      rate, deep inspirations, short respiratory pause and complete exspiration. Mark
      inhalation with closed mouth gave only one tenth of the lung deposition reached
      with the breathing method described. The use of a mask showed good results,
      however, when the test person was breathing with open mouth. Only 0.07 ml/min
      were retained with jet nebulizer and mouth respiration. Combination with
      intermittent pressure respiration showed no convincing results.

PMID- 685310
TI  - [Possibilities of influencing experimental pneumoconiosis and experimental
      etching of respiratory organs by means of aerosol-inhalations (author's transl)].
AB  - The author presented the results of 7 experiments in which he followed with his
      co-workers the effect of preventively applied aerosol inhalations with rats and
      rabbits, dusted with quartz or coal dust. Aerosol inhalations of alkaline mineral
      water "Vincentka" and of salt mixtures, especially of calcium salts affected in
      some experiments favourably the development of lung dust changes, in other cases
      on the contrary they did not. The best effect was proved by polyvinylpyridin-N
      oxide (PNO). The author described further his experience with aerosoltherapy in
      persons affected by inhalation of etching substances. Here the inhalation of 10%
      CaCl2 or Ca gluconicum and of 1% natrium bicarbonicum proved to be the best.

PMID- 685311
TI  - [Influence of atmospheric aerosol materials on microorganisms (author's transl)].
AB  - The concentration of microorganisms showed variations over a wide range. As
      factors influencing their viability meteorological parameters as relative
      humidity and temperature were recognized. Furthermore there are other
      antimicrobial compounds in the air. For their demonstration the aerosol was
      collected on air filters and then extracted in aqueous solutions. Their
      examinations showed that there are geographic and seasonal dependences of the
      antimicrobial activity of the aerosol.

PMID- 685312
TI  - [First experiences by use of peracetic acid aerosols in creches (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Peracetic acid is more and more used for the purpose of air desinfections in
      rooms. The examinations of DWORSCHAK and LINDE encouraged us to use peracetic
      acid  in the rooms of creches in presence of children systematically. The applied
      concentration of peracetic acid is 4.6 mg/m3. With these examinations it was
      intended to prove if it is possible to influence the morbidity of acute
      respiratory diseases. Under the choosed conditions no side effects are observed
      over a time of twenty weeks. Publications concerning cocarcinogetic activity of
      peroxy compounds induced us to make a preliminary stop in the application of
      peracetic acid in presence of children. The number of diseases specially of
      respiratory diseases in the time of the examinations was very small. That
      concerns the examination groups and those compared with these. But nevertheless
      it is to be seen that the morbidity in the groups with application of peracetic
      acid is 3.5% and in the others 11.20%. The differences are significant. If the
      results concerning cocarcinogetic activity of peroxy compounds will be shure it
      is to decide whether the room desinfections will be continued in presence of
      children or not.

PMID- 685313
TI  - [Behaviour of drugs under conditions of ultrasonic thermo aerosols (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The behaviour os histamine, acetylcholine, mucosolvine, panthenol, prednisolute
      and dexamethasone is investigated under conditions of thermoaerosol in the USI
      50. The concentration of the drug is estimated in the original solution, in the
      aerosol and in the solution remaining in the nebulizer by means of specific
      chemical methods. The concentration in the aerosol is nearly unchanged in the
      case of acetylcholine, panthenol and dexamethasone. In the case of histamine
      there is only an insignificant decrease. Using prednisolute and dexamethasone the
      concentration amounts to 86%. Generally the concentration of the solution in the
      nebulizer increases. Decompositions or alterations of the drugs are not to be
      seen spectrophotometrically and by means of thin layer chromatography, nor is the
      pH-value changed. Signs for reactions or interferences with the nebulizer are to
      be observed in some cases. Therefore regular controls are necessary. In all cases
      of changing parts of the apparatus the needed material is to be tested concerning
      its indifference against the drugs used under conditions of thermoaerosol.

PMID- 685314
TI  - [Clinical and cytological examinations on industrial workers exposed to
      mineraloilaerosols (author's transl)].
AB  - Clinical, roentgenological and spirometric examinations were performed on 217
      industrial workers exposed to mineraloilaerosols and 197 control persons. No
      pathological results were to be found which could be connected with the
      professional employment. In both groups only in a few sputa lipid in respiratory
      epithelium cells was seen. We also did not find any evidence according to
      connection with the employment. The oilaerosolconcentrations were normaly, but
      during the unloading soot for a short time concentrations of
      anthrazeneoilaerosols up to 30 milligram per cubic meter were measured. Sputa
      provoced on persons with an empty stomach using aerosols of hypertonic salt
      solution were more effective than unprovoced sputa and sputa after meal.

PMID- 685315
TI  - [Relationship between weather and incidence of pulmonary embolism. Longitudinal
      study of case histories occuring during a 50 year period (author's transl)].
AB  - 1. Various weather factors were examined which were operative during the
      occurence of lung embolism in 915 patients of the Surgical Clinic of the
      University of Jena for a period of 50 years (1917 to 1966). 2. No relationship
      could be found between the incidence of pulmonary embolism and temperature
      (maximal and minimal values, or temperature differences) or with atmospheric
      pressure. 3. The incidence of pulmonary embolism is significantly higher at days
      with high rainfall (above 10 mm/m2) and high average humidity (8-10 Torr) values.
      4. Thromboembolic complications are less frequent at average values for air
      humidity (6-7 Torr), at days with a relative air humidity of 70% and with lower
      rainfall.

PMID- 685316
TI  - [The change of pulmonary function and working capacity of patients with healed
      pulmonary tuberculosis in the course of 15 years (author's transl)].
AB  - Pulmonary function (VC, FEV1, RV) and physical ability with the same methods and
      even apparature were assessed in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis dismissed
      in 1958/59 as cured or markedly improved. The values of pulmonary function gained
      at dismission and 15 years later were compared with the trend of the data on
      physical ability and disablement in the course of the years. In patients
      invalidated from this disease a 3 times greater reduction of VC, a 9 times higher
      decrease of FEV1 and nearly a 2 times greater increase of RV was found than in
      patients with previous tuberculosis but still on the job.

PMID- 685317
TI  - [Informations to the problem of smoking and health (author's transl)].

PMID- 685318
TI  - [Notes by the editor-in-chief on the "Recommendations for carrying-out and
      evaluation of the epicutaneous and intracutaneous tests as well as the nasal and
      inhalation allergen test" of the Society for Clinical and Experimental Immunology
      of the GDR].

PMID- 685319
TI  - [Recommendations for Management and Evaluation of Epicutaneous and Intracutaneous
      Tests and of Nasal and Inhalative Allergen Tests].

PMID- 685320
TI  - [Harmlessness to human health of the mold cultures used in cheesemaking].
AB  - Mould cultures are used for the manufacture of soft and blue cheese. The report
      deals with the present stage of knowledge of the question of mycotoxin-producers
      in mould cultures used for cheesemaking. The PR-toxin was isolated repeatedly
      from Penicillium roqueforti strains which were incubated on special media, but
      also from P. roqueforti cultures used for cheese manufacture. However, cheese
      ripening conditions do not favor the production of this toxin. Other catabolites
      from P. roqueforti such als roquefortine and isofumigaclavine have been found in
      cheese, but there is not much known about their toxic effect. No cancerogenic
      mycotoxins have been discovered in these types of cheese, except alfatoxin M1,
      which might however originate from contaminated milk. It must be concluded that
      the occurrence of tumors after feeding of a pure P. camemberti var. candidum
      culture is due to the effect of mycotoxins. On the other hand, further animal
      experiments with various mould culture stains used for cheesemaking have not
      confirmed these findings. On the basis of the literature consulted it may be said
      that the use of mould cultures for cheesemaking does not involve any risk for
      human health, that means it is toxicologically harmless.

PMID- 685321
TI  - Blood-reduced glutathione, pyruvic acid, citric acid, ceruloplasmin oxidase
      activity and certain mineral changes in diabetes mellitus before and after
      treatment.
AB  - In maturity onset diabetes the blood levels of total blood keto acids in terms of
      pyruvic, serum citric, calcium are significantly higher than in normal adults,
      while there is a decrease in reduced-blood glutathione, serum zinc, potassium and
      sodium levels. There were no significant differences between diabetes and normal
      adults in the serum levels of copper, ceruloplasmin oxidase activity, iron and
      magnesium.

PMID- 685323
TI  - [The current clinical importance of corrected orthogonal derivations].
AB  - According to the theorectical basic conception corrected orthogonal derivations
      restrict themselves to the selective establishment of the dipol proportion of the
      cardio-electric field of the body surface. In contrast to this the 12
      conventional derivations give a more comprehensive information which in the
      precordial region also includes non-dipolar field proportions. There is not
      infrequently the requirement of supplementing this conventional routine programme
      with the help of further derivations, since also by partly redundant informations
      the certainty of diagnostic decisions may be increased and circumscribed
      alterations of the field may become comprehensible. According to recent knowledge
      the offer of informations which smaller for the routine form of the ECG
      evaluation may be extensively redeemed by the calculation of vectorial sizes,
      which presumes the machine evaluation of the ECG. Also the most trained
      imaginative faculty is not able to estimate more exactly the course of the vector
      loops from the 3 corrected derivations. As long as the economical and technical
      problems including the evaluation programmes for a machine processing of the ECG
      are not solved, the corrected derivations are of no clinical importance. Their
      use is restricted to only few centres interested in science.

PMID- 685322
TI  - Blood-reduced glutathione, serum ceruloplasmin and mineral changes in juvenile
      diabetes.
AB  - In cases of juvenile diabetes, there were lower than normal levels of reduced
      glutathione, ceruloplasmin oxidase activity, zinc, copper and sodium, while the
      other elements show no significant changes. The lower level of serum zinc, copper
      and sodium may be due to the osmotic diuresis and consequent polyurea of
      diabetes.

PMID- 685324
TI  - [Comparison of the values of automatic ECG analysis according to the Smith and
      the Pipberger diagnostic programs by means of a serial study in a large
      industry].
AB  - It could be shown that an ECG-screening could be integrated into the routine work
      of a factory outpatient department. As a result of the automatical analysis of
      the ECG we got an exact knowledge of the efficiency of Smith's and Pipberger's
      diagnostic programmes. The suitability of the two programmes for screening
      examinations resulted from the 91% and 97% certain separation of normal and
      pathological findings and the small proportion of falsely negative results
      (Smith, Pipberger). Concerning the exact differentiation of pathological ECG the
      frequency of recognition of Pipberger's programme still surpassed that one of
      Smith's programme. However, the two programmes show a diagnostic security which
      lies above the visual diagnosing. The establishment of findings performed off
      line per week ascertained a rapid disposal of results. In comparison to former
      examinations newly detected cases could be established only in a small
      percentage. The importance for health polities of such examinations results from
      the necessity of the prophylaxis of cardio-vascular diseases, the numbers of
      morbidity and mortality of which are permanently increasing.

PMID- 685325
TI  - [Evaluation of the clinical severity in occlusion of the superficial femoral
      artery].
AB  - The judgment of the efficiency of the collateral circulation is of decisive
      importance for the estimation of the clinical degree of severity and thus also
      for the indication to angiosurgical measures. Since also angiographically only an
      indirect evidence concerning the collateral circulation can be given, the
      angiological findings of 18 patients with unilateral or bilateral occlusion of
      the superficial femoral artery (n = 25 lower extremities) were evaluated. On the
      basis of the measuring values received with the help of the phebembraxis
      plethysmography 3 degrees of severity may be differed which essentially
      correspond to clinical stage: 1. good collateral circulation (data in ml/100 ml
      tissue min: ff above 5 ml, pf above 15 ml, pf-time below 30 s 2. moderate
      collateral circulation: ff below 5 ml, pf below 15 ml, pf-time 30-60 s 3. bad
      collateral circulation: ff below 5 ml, pf below 10 ml, pf-time above 60 s. Of the
      measuring sizes (ff, pf, pf-time) the pf-time proved to be the most reliable
      parameter. On the basis of these results the phlebembraxis plethysmography is a
      valuble supplementation in the preoperative vascular diagnostics.

PMID- 685326
TI  - [Bioptic and autoptic findings in lymphogranulomatosis].
AB  - A reclassification of bioptical and autoptical findings in the
      lymphogranulomatosis according to the criteria of Lukes and co-workers resulted
      in an unambiguous prevailing of the mixed cellularity in bioptical preparations
      and of the form poor in lymphocytes in autoptical preparations. The comparison of
      bioptical and autoptical findings revealed the expected changing from the type
      rich in lymphocytes to the type poor in lymphocytes. The causes for this changing
      of the histological form might to be found in the deteriorating immunological
      defensive condition of the patient as well as in the influence on the
      histological picture by our modern therapy.

PMID- 685327
TI  - [Pathophysiology of acute non-inflammatory kidney failure].
AB  - Acute renal failure is a pathogenetically heterogenous syndrome. Only in a small
      number of patients with acute renal failure anuria or oliguria is caused by
      morphological alterations of the glomeruli, renal blood vessels or tubuli. In the
      majority of patients with acute renal failure the cause of oliguria or anuria are
      haemodynamic changes which are the expression of a physiological tubulo
      glomerular feedback mechanism. The participation anuria/oliguria is probable, but
      not proved with certainty. A scheme of the pathogenesis of anuria/oliguria of the
      renin-angiotensin system in the development of in the acute renal failure is
      presented based on recent renovasographic, haemodynamic and micropuncture
      technique.

PMID- 685328
TI  - [Metabolic changes in renal insufficiency].
AB  - In the chronic renal insufficiency is shown a decrease as well as an accumulation
      of some metabolites in the organism. There appear dietarily conditioned
      insufficiency states and also decreased rates of synthesis of 1,25-OH
      cholecalciferol , of the renal erythropoietic factor and of histidin. Apart from
      nitrogenous metabolic end products also the molecules with a middle molecular
      weight (300-1.500 Dalton) are accumulated. From this, among others, the trade-off
      hypothesis may be derived, which characterizes the biochemical distrubances in
      renal insufficiency as a sequel of the accumulation of metabolic regulators. In
      the analysis of the middle molecule fraction by means of combined chromatographic
      techniques we succeeded in isolating an inhibitor of glucose utilisation and in
      defining of some of its biochemical qualities. With the help of this survey the
      authors demonstrate a new way of thinking and a promising direction for the
      solution of still unclear probelms of renal insufficiency.

PMID- 685329
TI  - [Conservative therapy of chronic kidney failure].
AB  - The optimum performance of the conservative therapy of the chronic renal
      insufficiency demands a good cooperation between the patients, the dietician and
      the physician. The foundation of centres of the nephrological care for patients
      with renal insufficiency guarantees the possibility of a continuous control. In
      the conservative therapy the measures in question are symptomatic ones, excluding
      the medicamentous therapy of the basic disease in acute episodes. The dietetic
      measures are the basis of the conservative therapy. The diet moderately poor in
      protein should be given at creatinine values in the serum 4 mg/100ml and the diet
      strongly poor in protein from 8 mg/100 ml (prophylactically perhaps from 6 mg/100
      ml). In the dietetic measures apart from the protein restriction the calorie
      intake (35 to 40 calories/kg body weight a day), the intake and output of fluids
      and the electrolyte metabolism as well as the vitamin intake should particularly
      be taken into consideration. Additional symptomatic medicamentous measures are
      necessary in order to improve the clinical symptomatology of the chronic renal
      insufficiency. By means of the conservative therapy the period to the necessary
      dialytic treatment can be delayed. Apart from this a lengthening of life and an
      improvement of the rehabilitation is possible in those patients, in whom an
      active therapy is not taken into consideration.

PMID- 685330
TI  - [Developing trends in the active therapy of kidney failure. Hemodialysis-
      hemofiltration--hemoperfusion].
AB  - A survey is given on the modern level and the developmental trend in the
      apparative therapy of renal insufficiency. Apart from the description of the
      actual medical, technical and organisational problems in the haemodialysis the
      methods of the haemofiltration and the haemoperfusion are investigated with
      regard to the modern experimental and clinical state of knowledge as well as to
      the theoretical possibilities of their clinical use alone or in combination
      together.

PMID- 685331
TI  - [Hemodialysis and metabolic disorders].
AB  - On the basis of investigations of the water and electrolyte balance, of the
      protein balance, the lipid metabolism and the hormone metabolism at the instance
      of aldosterone a concept of specific dialysis-conditioned pathophysiological
      disturbances is developed in patients undergoing a chronic programma of dialysis.
      The changes of metabolism induced by apparative therapy have a decisive influence
      on the pathophysiological mechanisms in the uraemic organism and condition a
      specific pathophysiology of the patient undergoing dialysis.

PMID- 685332
TI  - [The role of various methods of electrophoresis in the diagnosis of
      paraproteinemia].
AB  - For the estimation of different electrophoresis methods for indication and
      identification of paraproteins as routine methods are proposed the cellulose
      acetate electrophoresis and the fixation immunoelectrophoresis in cellulose
      acetate foils. Under adequate conditions the agar gel electrophoresis working
      with larger separability can be used together with immunochemical investigations.
      In examinations of uroproteins and also for the identification of rare and
      atypical cases of paraproteinaemia (narrower and several M-gradients,
      immunoglobulin fragments and complexes) in connection with the methods mentioned
      also the electrophoresis in the polyacrylamide gel (PAG and in the system PAG
      SDS) can represent a valuable information.

PMID- 685333
TI  - [The behavior of albumin in acute and chronic liver diseases. I. The behavior of
      albumin during the development of rat thioacetamide cirrhosis].
AB  - The behaviour of albumin during the development of chronic progressing liver
      damages was investigated on the model of the thioacetamide cirrhosis in Wistar
      rats. Simultaneous estimations of the albumin concentrations in extractable liver
      protein and in the serum as well as accompanying measurements of the total
      protein and of the transaminases SGOT and SGPT in the serum allow a complex
      judgment. The albumin concentration in the liver significantly decreased after 4
      and 8 weeks and reached highly normal values in fully developed cirrhosis. In
      each case the serum level changed in the same sense, but less expressed. The
      total protein in liver and serum showed an analogous course of the curve, whereas
      the albumin-total protein-quotient in the liver remained unchangedly low. The
      relative proportion of albumin in the serum did not show a diminution in every
      phase. The simultaneous decrease of albumin and total protein are explained as an
      expression of an inhibition of the synthesis due to destruction of protein
      synthesizing subcellular structures. The normalisation of the serum levels and of
      the highly normal albumin contents despite the developed cirrhosis become
      understandable by the loss of efficiency of the foreign substance thioacetamide
      in consequence of structural and biochemical adaptation. The thioacetamide
      cirrhosis of the rat in the investigated phase despite the microscopically
      provable so-called degenerative parenchymal damages is accompained by parameters
      of the increased protein metabolism. The relative serum albumin content
      apparantly in the first place undergoes the oncotic pressure regulation and is
      not suited as the measure of a hepatocellular lesion. From the diagnostic point
      of view the reduction of the albumin concentrations seems to be of importance in
      the developmental phase to cirrhosis.

PMID- 685334
TI  - [Automated information processing of systolic time intervals].
AB  - The revalorization of the systolic time intervals in clincial and experimental
      cardiology is described on the basis of informations from literature and own
      experiences. Concerning the method of work the systolic time intervals have
      reached a limit which can be overcome only be automatized information processing.
      It is reported on principles and problems of the automatized information
      processing of systolic time intervals and an own development is described (HTME
      101).

PMID- 685335
TI  - [First results with an electrochemical rapid method for the detection of
      significant bacteriurias].
AB  - The measuring oft he pO2-decrease in the urine within 30 min by means of the
      micro-measuring-chamber MWK-W in connection with the oxygen measuring intensifier
      M 65 allows a quick orientation about a significant bacteruria. The concordance
      with the results of the simultaneously performed bacteriological investigation is
      90% in 1,036 midstream urine specimens. This electro-chemical method allows: 1.
      the sufficiently certain orientation about a significant bacteruria, 2. from
      principle the establishment of all aerobic kinds of germs which play a role in
      the clinical practice in inflammations of the urinary tract, to investigate, 3. a
      large number of urine specimens in a short time with a relatively small
      expenditure: a bacteriological laboratory is not the condition, 4. the
      performance of larger screening investigations.

PMID- 685336
TI  - [The effectivity of long-term treatment of porphyria cutanea tarda from a
      hepatological viewpoint].
AB  - 34 Patients with an ascertained porphyria cutanea tarda who underwent a long-term
      therapy a comprehensive internal and hepatological diagnosis was made. In these
      cases for the first time the estimation of the intrahepatic distribution of
      enzymes and its comparison with the serum enzymes were also performed. The liver
      histology allowed a division of our patients into three groups, in which cases
      the reactive hepatitides prevailed and a conspicuously large proportion of normal
      histological findings were present. The comparison of all data got with the
      literature made the conclusion possible that the phlebotomy therapy as well as
      the care in a special dispensary for years lead to very favourable results on
      liver and skin.

PMID- 685337
TI  - [Veneral diseases today].
AB  - The venereal diseases gonorrhoe and syphilis showed again in GDR an increasing
      tendency concerning their frequency by the year 1974, after having reached a low
      point about 1967. Now they occur relatively constantly. This increase observed
      throughout the world is caused by acceleration, changes in sexual behavior,
      homosexuality, increased promiscuity, tourism and other factors. Numerous false
      diagnoses of syphilitic symptoms such as herpes simplex, balanitis, carcinoma of
      the penis, angina, haemorrhoides, anal fissure, drug eruption and others cause
      the delay in the diagnostics and false treatments. Penicillin represents the drug
      of choice nowadays. Strict registration orders, intensification of the
      interdisciplinary cooperation, strict investigation of the infectious sources and
      endangered contact persons as well as enlarged health and sexual education are
      suitable weapons in the fight against the spreading of the venereal diseases.

PMID- 685338
TI  - [Are loss of glistening of normal colour and increased friability normal aspects
      of the oesophagus in old age? (author's transl)].
AB  - Friability of the esophageal mucosq increases with old age. Old patients without
      esophageal disease also show loss of glistening and of the normal pink color of
      the mucosa. These findings on their own are therefore no signs of esophagitis,

PMID- 685339
TI  - [The intestinal and diffuse type of the gastric carcinoma (author's transl)].
AB  - According to the Lauren classification 357 carcinomas of the stomach were
      reclassified into intestinal and diffuse types. 58.2% were assigned to the
      intestinal type, 37.5% to the diffuse and 4% to a "mixed" group. There is obvious
      correlation between the intestinal type, the patients' advancing age and the
      incidence of chronic, atrophising gastritis with intestinal metaplasia. The
      diffuse type on the other hand occurs irrespective of gastric changes - mostly in
      younger persons. The intestinal type of gastric carcinoma frequently is found in
      risk areas where incidence is "epidemic" in nature; morphology and genetic origin
      seem to be gastric mucosa changes and intestinal metaplasia or dysplasia.
      Classifying gastric carcinoma according to Lauren (two groups) is also an
      appropriate method in our regions as was confirmed by the results we obtained; it
      is superior to the much more differentiated macro- and microscopic
      classifications used so far. Because of its simplicity, it is better suited for
      epidemiological and pathogenetic studies of the gastric carcinoma.

PMID- 685340
TI  - [The use of ultrasound in the diagnosis of gastrointestinal tumors (author's
      transl)].
AB  - In 19 patients with gastrointestinal tumors the diagnosis was made by ultrasound.
      7 patients were examined for further investigation of an abdominal mass; 12
      patients, presented with symptoms suggesting malignants, e. g. weight loss,
      vomiting, fever, abdominal pain, and/or anaemia from bloodloss were first
      investigated by ultrasound. In 5 patients with colon tumors, diagnosed by
      ultrasound, a resection and anastomosis was possible. 13 cases were found to be
      inoperable during laparotomy, one patient had an ileocolitis Crohn with stenosis.
      Ultrasonic examination with real-time scanning technique proved to be a valuable
      method as a screening procedure for patients with suspected gastrointestinal
      tumors. During the same procedure local (mesenteric) or liver metastases can be
      detected. A normal abdominal ultrasonography does not exclude malignant
      intestinal lesions in any location during the early stage and in the region of
      cardia and rectum even in the more advanced stage.

PMID- 685341
TI  - [Arterial and venous blood-pressure in the mesenteric circulation of rabbits with
      combined infusion of secretin and norepinephrine (author's transl)].
AB  - Norepinephrine and secretin were infused into V. cava inf. and Art. mesent. sup.
      with a short intervall and after that immediately successive on rabbits,
      anesthetized by urethane-chloralose; simultaneously blood-pressure was measured
      in Aorta abdom., Art. mesent. sup. and V. mesent. sup. Secretin alone does not
      change blood-pressure; infusion of norepinephrine into V. cava inf. leads to a
      rise of blood-pressure of about 16% in Aorta abdom., of about 12% in Art. mesent.
      sup.; in V. mesent. sup. blood-pressure remained unchanged. Although secretin and
      norepinephrine have a contrary effect on the vascular tonus with cats, in rabbits
      combined infusion of secretin and norepinephrine caused an increase of blood
      pressure not fewer than infusion of norepinephrine alone. Possible haemodynamic
      mechanisms were discussed.

PMID- 685342
TI  - [Pattern and frequencies of contractions at the proximal colon in rabbits
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 685343
TI  - Parenteral application of a special amino acid solution in the treatment of
      severe hepatic encephalopathy.

PMID- 685344
TI  - [Prostaglandins and gastrointestinal functions (author's transl)].

PMID- 685345
TI  - [Examination of cardiovascular parameters and plasma free fatty acids during
      esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy (author's transl)].
AB  - 53 patients were examined for changes of blood pressure, heart rate, ECG and
      plasma free fatty acids during esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy. In 23 cases there
      were premature contractions, occuring in small numbers only in most of the cases.
      Only in 5 cases there was an accumulation of premature contractions and in one
      case ventricular bigeminism occurred. The maximum of premature beats was observed
      when the primarily sitting patient was put into supine position. In 7 patients
      there was a lowering of the ST-segment in the ECG by at least 0.1 mV, mostly in
      patients who already had an abnormal ST-segment before endoscopy. The pulse rate
      went up by an average of 50.1 per cent, the systolic blood pressure by 14 and the
      diastolic blood pressure by 17 per cent. The increase of plasma free fatty acids
      in the total patient material was not statistically significant, but patients
      with a deterioration of ECG-findings endoscopy had a significantly higher
      increase of plasma free fatty acids. There was a tendency towards a positive
      correlation between the number of premature beats and the increase of plasma free
      fatty acids. It cannot be decided from our study whether the mobilization of free
      fatty acids is causing the above observed increase of premature beats or whether
      both phenomena are merely a result of sympathetic nervous stimulation. Gastric
      fiberoscopy may be applied to elderly patients with decreased cardiac function.
      The endoscopic procedure should not be started on the sitting patient but
      primarily in left supine position.

PMID- 685346
TI  - [Frequency, diagnosis and dependance of duodenitis upon the morphological status
      of the gastric mucosa (author's transl)].
AB  - In a attempt to prove the dependence of duodenitis upon the morphological status
      of the gastric mucosa, a biopsy of the corpus, antrum, and duodenal canal had
      been made of 354 patients. In 56 cases, a superficial duodenitis was
      histologically verified; however, this infection had not contaminated the
      Brunner' glands. A duodenitis was found to be more often associated with surface
      gastritis of the corpus and antrum than it was with atropic gastritis. A
      duodenitis was discovered by a biopsy in 16 patients possessing a normal antrum
      mucosa and in 25 patients having a normal corpus mucosa, thus proving the
      possibility of isolated duodenitis.

PMID- 685347
TI  - [Circulating immune complexes in liver diseases (author's transl)].

PMID- 685348
TI  - [Liver diseases with microsomal antibodies. Frequency, clinical and immunological
      findings and course observations (author's transl)].
AB  - Microsomal antibodies (LKM-antibodies) differ in the indirect immunfluorescence
      by use of rat organ sections (kidney, stomach, and liver) from mitochondrial
      antibodies by there reaction with proximal renal tubules and hepatocytes while
      parietal cells usually fail to stain. In contrast to other humoral autoantibodies
      LKM-antibodies are rare. In a prospective study on 930 adults and 33 children
      with two third chronic hepatitis resp. cirrhosis frequency in the first group
      amounts to 0.38% and in the latter to 6.9% of all liver diseases. Among six
      patients with LKW-antibodies and chronic active hepatitis there were three
      children aged 4-13 and three adults between 45-55 years. On common results two
      children showed beside LKM-antibodies by absence of other immunphenomenons a rise
      of gamma-globulins in the electrophoresis and immunglobulin G as well as a
      chronic active hepatitis with necrosis leading in spite of initial rapid
      progression and persistent antibodies into inactive postnecrotiv cirrhosis. The
      other four patients showed no common course in respect to clinical, histological
      and immunological findings.

PMID- 685349
TI  - [Indirect morphologic diagnose of pancreatitis (author's transl)].

PMID- 685350
TI  - Inclined or conventional supine position in ultrasonic examinations in late
      pregnancy.
AB  - Ultrasonic examinations were made on 22 patients in late pregnancy both in the
      conventional supine position and in an inclined position. The findings give rise
      to the following conclusions: 1) The inclined position prevents the development
      of the vena cava inferior syndrome. 2) The examinations can be made as easily and
      accurately in the inclined as in the conventional supine position. 3) In cases
      where the head is in the occipito-posterior position the inclined position may
      increase the reliability of the measurement of the biparietal diamter. The
      authors consider it recommendable to use the inclined position instead of the
      conventional supine position in ultrasonic examinations to maintain both maternal
      and fetal well-being during the procedure.

PMID- 685351
TI  - [Delivery and post partum period associated with surgical closure of the cervix
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The course of delivery and the post partum period of 211 gravidae with closure of
      the cervix during pregnancy were compared with a compatible collective of another
      221 gravidae without surgical closure. There were significant differences in some
      respects: The duration of labor (primiparae: 9,2 hours, multiparae: 6,7 hours)
      was longer than in the control-group (primiparae: 8,1 hours, multiparae: 5,0
      hours); the necessity of administration of drugs and the frequency of dystocia
      (primiparae: 13%, multiparae: 9,2%) was higher than in the control-group
      (primiparae: 1,0%, multiparae: 0%). These and the higher incidence of lacerations
      of the cervix (13,4% respectively 1,7%) will be due to the scar, caused by the
      suture in the cervix. The rate of caesarean section was significantly higher
      (9,5% respectively 4,1%). There were more complications in disconnecting of the
      placenta. These and the higher rate of dystrophic newborn could be correlated
      with anamnestic dispositions of the gravidae. The higher rate of perinatal
      mortality (9,9%) than in the controlgroup (3,6%) is associated with the higher
      rate of prematurity (22,1%) than in the control-group (8,5%). A higher incidence
      of malformation was not observed, but a higher rate of neurological complications
      in the newborn. The post partum period of the mother was not significantly
      different than those of the control-group

PMID- 685352
TI  - [Maternal hemoglobin AIc (HbAIc) and diabetic pregnancy (author's transl)].
AB  - Third trimester HbAIc was determined in 57 pregnant women according to the TBA
      reaction, first discribed by Fluckiger and Winterhalter (1976). Simultaneously
      oral glucose tolerance tests (GTT) were performed in 52 patients; in 5 insulin
      dependent diabetic women dayly blood sugar profiles 2 to 5 times per week were
      done throughout the third trimester. HbAIc, when expressed as per cent of total
      hemoglobin, was 6.14 +/- 0.56% (m +/- SD) in women with normal GTT (n = 40) and
      found to be significantly (p less than 0,001) elevated in 7 women with abnormal
      GTT (7.54 +/- 0.61%; m +/- SD) and in the 5 women with insulin dependent diabetes
      (7.59 +/- 0.92%; m +/- SD). In patients with abnormal and boarderline GTT a
      linear relation between HbAIc and mean blood sugar, as determined from
      individually summarized 60 and 120 minutes GTT values, was observed. Insulin
      dependent diabetic women with higher mean blood sugar (as calculated from the
      total profile values throughout 4 weeks prior to HbAIc determination) showed a
      tendency towards higher HbAIc values.

PMID- 685353
TI  - [Amniotic fluid tests for fetal lung maturity (author's transl)].
AB  - Amniotic fluid specimens of 30 pregnant women were examined for the evaluation of
      the fetal lung maturity. Three assays were used in parallel: the determination of
      the lecithin concentration, the estimation of the lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio
      and the shake test. The results were compared together and with the fetal
      outcome. The shake test has proved to be sufficient for the exclusion of an
      immature lung. To avoid failure from false-negative results of the shake test an
      additional determination of the lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio is recommended,
      whenever clinical dates give rise to expect a mature lung. The determination of
      the lecithin concentration has no advantage compared to the
      lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio. Pathology as candida infection or anecephaly
      falsifies.

PMID- 685354
TI  - [The evaluation of cortisol in amniotic fluid and in maternal blood as parameter
      for foetal lung maturity (author's transl)].
AB  - The lecithin/sphingomyelin-ratio (L/S-ratio) in amniotic fluid has become
      established in recent years as a valuable laboratory parameter for determining
      foetal lung maturity and has thus helped to avoid the neonatal respiratory
      distress syndrome. Since glucocorticosteroids are a decisive factor in
      stimulating foetal lung development, we were prompted to investigate whether the
      determination of cortisol in amniotic fluid or maternal blood could also serve as
      an indicator of foetal lung maturity. The cortisol concentration was measured by
      radioimmunoassay in amniotic fluid (n = 91) and in maternal venous plasma (n =
      70) from normal and complicated pregnancies and was compared with the L/S-ratio.
      A significant correlation between gestational age and cortisol in amniotic fluid
      (r = 0.711) and in maternal venous plasma (r = 0.625) was observed. There was
      also a significant correlation between the L/S-ratio and amniotic fluid cortisol
      (r = 0.701). However, compared to the L/S-ratio, measurements of cortisol yielded
      10% false positive and 11% false negative results. A significant correlation
      between the L/S-ratio and the maternal plasma cortisol could also be demonstrated
      (r = 0.631). Here the comparison with the L/S-ratio gave even poorer results: 16%
      false positive and 6% false negative. The high percentage of false results,
      especially false positive results yielded by cortisol estimations in both fluids
      leads to the conclusion that the L/S-ratio remains the superior diagnostic
      parameter in determining foetal lung maturity.

PMID- 685355
TI  - [Correlation of maternal serum concentration of HPL and SP-1 in the second half
      of pregnancy (author's transl)].

PMID- 685356
TI  - [Laboratory studies on penicillin allergy].

PMID- 685357
TI  - [Epicritical studies following roentgen therapy of verrucae plantares and
      paraunguales].

PMID- 685358
TI  - [Demodex folliculorum causing solitary tuberculoid granuloma].

PMID- 685359
TI  - [Treatment of house dust allergies with tyrosine-adsorbed house-dust-mite
      vaccine].
AB  - Desensitization treatment of house dust allergies with L-Tyrosine adsorbed house
      dust mite vaccine is described. It is stressed that the success of the treatment
      depends on an exact diagnosis and sufficiently long treatment period.

PMID- 685360
TI  - [Dermoxine--a new steroid in dermatological practice].

PMID- 685361
TI  - [Erythema dyschronicum perstans and stucco keratosis].

PMID- 685362
TI  - [Clinical variations of keratoacanthomas].
AB  - Clinical variants of Keratoacanthomas are, besides the very frequent crateriform
      types, and the plate-shaped ones, Keratoacanthoma marginatum centrifugum,
      aggregated Keratoacanthomas, successive multiple Keratoacanthomas, and rare
      special forms like multiple eruptive Keratoakanthomas and Keratoacanthomas
      combined with Hyperplasia of sebaceous glands and epitheliomas. A detailed
      description of the different types is derived from their growth and their origin
      from supraseboglandular epithelium of hair follicles.

PMID- 685363
TI  - [Radiotherapy of keratoacanthoma].

PMID- 685364
TI  - [A case of aplasia cutis circumscripta associated with situs inversus].

PMID- 685365
TI  - [Lipomatosis symetrica benigna with hyperlipoproteinemia type IV and epipharngeal
      carcinoma].

PMID- 685366
TI  - [Illness concept responsible for illness].
AB  - With a certain heuristic exaggeration, the author dares to demand from
      psychologists a biographic phenomenological diagnosis without prejudicial
      influence by the medical diagnosis. Needless to say, the psychologist has to deal
      with " sick" people quite often. His task as a diagnostician however is not to
      find a category which would discriminate the patient but to describe him in his
      biographic and social perspective. The psychological diagnostician should not
      forget that psychic illnesses imply isolation and that medical diagnosis in this
      case makes isolation even more apparent. In any case, the psychologist and
      especially the psychoanalyst must be self-critical and avoid prejudice in
      diagnostics.

PMID- 685367
TI  - [Boundaries of medicine: throughts on the role of the orienting behavior in the
      therapist-patient relationship].
AB  - The author shows that from the organismic of point of view the question for the
      limitations of the medical discipline has to be transformed into a question for
      the limitations of the doctor himself. The concept of organismic self-reference
      is put into relation to the contents of narcissitic logic. In this context the
      symptomatology of depression is elaborated upon in a paradigmatic way. Using a
      model of a systemtheoretical communication theory (orienting-behavior) the basic
      hypothesis of this article is discussed.

PMID- 685368
TI  - [Introduction to a structural psychopathology].
AB  - Structural psychopathology maintains that the psychiatrist finds himself in a
      situation similar to that of the literary critic. The objects of their critical
      analysis are marked by a high degree of linguistic complexity, reflecting social
      as well as personal interrelationships. The structural method which developed in
      the course of this century is thus applicable to psychopathological
      relationships, if careful attention is paid to their unigueness. The structural
      method is illustrated by a schizopasic text. Those typical stylistic and
      rhetorical structures which lead to the impression of schizophasia are isolated.
      The structural method can also be used to examine the pathogenesis of an illness
      or to extrapolate information from medical histories. Finally, through the
      analysis of the book "Mary Barnes, two accounts of a journey through madness" it
      can be shown how the structural method can illuminate critical problems of a
      literary science which are disguised as psychiatric ones.

PMID- 685369
TI  - [Feeblemindedness and its treatment].
AB  - The problem of feeblemindedness has been approached from a social point of view.
      Newer researches in socialisation have increasingly pointed out mental
      retardation not to be only a matter of hereditary factors, but largely determined
      by social environment. If it is true that one is born a retardate, it is true in
      a social sense. Not so much determined by genetic deficiency, but due to social
      environment efficient so early as in utero the retardate is born with the stigma
      of a "Paria". Possibilities of improvement are discussed, more attention should
      be given to largely unemployed areas of personal development and interpersonal
      communication.

PMID- 685370
TI  - [Spatial orientation with regard to short-term memory, age and cerebral
      dominace].
AB  - Though orientation in acoustic space frequently has been the subject of
      investigations, sound was offered as a rule only in one or two dimensions of the
      subjective polar system of coordinates. In an earlier paper a test-situation was
      presented in which the offering of sound is varied in all three dimensions
      (horizontal and vertical angle as well as distance); the mistake also is
      calculated in these three dimensions separately. In this paper the investigations
      are continued by examinating the influence of age, the cerebral dominance and the
      short-term memory (offering of two different noises with following indication).
      Our results show that 1) age has no significant influence; 2) the relation of
      mistakes of the right and the left side is significantly more inhomogen in all
      three dimensions in left-handed persons; 3) the influence of the memory does not
      enlarge the mistake significantly.

PMID- 685371
TI  - [Methodological aspects of the estimation of sinus node recovery time in man
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 685372
TI  - [Metabolic, electrophysiologic and hemodynamic investigations in patients with
      rate dependent left bundle branch block (author's transl)].

PMID- 685373
TI  - [Effect of beta-receptor blocking agent in 2nd degree av-block: conduction study
      in 9 patients (author's transl)].

PMID- 685374
TI  - [The clinical significance of sinus node recovery time for evaluation of sinus
      node function (author's transl)].

PMID- 685375
TI  - [Methodology and quality control of indirect blood pressure measurement (the
      Cologne-study: data and experience in determining blood pressures of adolescent
      populations) (author's transl)].

PMID- 685376
TI  - [Hemodynamic effects of aldosterone antagonists in patients with mitral stenosis
      (author's transl)].
AB  - In 12 patients with mitral stenosis of a severity that surgery was required, some
      hemodynamic parameters after intravenous injection of 400 mg Kaliumcanrenoat were
      studied. The hemodynamic changes were noted after 15 min and reached maximal
      values after 60 min. The increased values of pulmonary wedge, pulmonary artery
      and right atrial pressures were significantly reduced and the cardiac index and
      stroke volume index augmented, with unchanged systemic arterial pressure. Thus, a
      remarkable relief from pulmonary congestion followed, accompanied by an increase
      of the left-ventricular working index.--These results encourage the use of
      aldosterone antagonists in certain cases suffering from severe mitral stenosis.

PMID- 685377
TI  - [Hemodynamic effects of intracardiac diatritoic acid and their dependance on left
      ventricular function and severity of coronary sclerosis (author's transl)].
AB  - In 16 patients with coronary heart disease (n = 13) and cardiomyopathy (n = 3)
      heart rate, left ventricular pressure and contractility (max dp/dt, min dp/dt and
      Vpm) were measured prior during and after three consecutive left ventricular
      angiograms. Heart rate decreased during angiography and increased slightly but
      significantly after angiography. Systolic and diastolic left ventricular
      pressure, max dp/dt and min dp/dt increased after angiography, whereas Vpm
      remained unchanged. Any hemodynamic changes occuring were moderate and only of
      short duration. No significant differences were found a) between patients with
      angiographically proven normal and reduced left ventricular function, b) between
      patients with normal or increased left ventricular filling pressure or c) between
      those with slight or severe coronary heart disease. The investigations point to a
      good tolerance for the sodium methyl glucamine salt of diatrizoic acid (Urografin
      76) even in patients with progressed coronary heart disease. Severe side-effects
      described in animal experiments indicate a poor comparibility between animal
      models and human studies. Moreover animal experiments are mostly done with high
      doses not used clinically.

PMID- 685378
TI  - [Coronary artery reserve in patients with hyperlipoproteinemias (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The coronary reserve was measured in 119 patients with different types of primary
      hyperlipoproteinemia. Cardiovascular diseased with clinical manifestation were
      excluded. 90 patients of same age with normal serum lipids served as controls.
      The groups did not differ in other risk factors as blood pressure or overweight
      (the latter excluded in hyperlipoproteinemia type IV). The controls showed
      decreased coronary reserve in 8%, type IIa patients in 36%, IIb patients in 18%
      and type IV patients in 23%. The frequency of restriction in coronary flow
      increased with age: in hyperlipoproteinemic patients of 50 years and more it was
      found in nearly 40%. Further interesting results were the significantly higher
      systolic and diastolic blood pressures reached during exercise in our
      hyperlipoproteinemic patients.

PMID- 685379
TI  - [Significance of pulmonary artery diastolic pressure after myocardial infarction
      for physical training (author's transl)].
AB  - Functional disorders of the left ventricle after myocardial infarction at rest
      and with exercise can be evaluated with right heart floating catheter by
      measuring pulmonary artery diastolic pressure. 45% of 200 patients with
      myocardial infarctions did not tolerate bicycle exercise test with a work load of
      50 Watt during 6 minutes. A routine digitalisation of these patients without
      strict indication did not improve the results. The upper borderline to admit a
      physical training program is a pulmonary artery diastolic pressure of 20 mm Hg;
      this should be realised otherwise additional complications have to be expected in
      long term follow up. The effects of digitalis should be controlled with floating
      catheter observations in these patients too. There are some indications, that it
      is possible with the same technique to evaluate hemodynamic responses on
      psychological strain. Measurements of pulmonary artery diastolic pressure after
      myocardial infarction open a wide field for individual therapy from drugs to
      physical training and even to behaviour therapy for stressfull situations.

PMID- 685380
TI  - [The role of M-mode-echocardiography in the differential-diagnosis of the
      cyanotic newborn (author's transl)].

PMID- 685381
TI  - [Echocardiographic detection of a left ventricular tumor after myocardial
      infarction (author's transl)].
AB  - A mobile left-ventricular tumor was detected by echocardiography in a 28-years
      old patient, who has sustained an anteroseptal infarction four years before. The
      patient was admitted to hospital because of arterial embolism. The
      echocardiographic finding was validated by left-ventricular angiography. In open
      heart surgery a pedunculated tumor was excided, in microscopic study the tumor
      revealed the findings of an organized thrombus. The echocardiographic and
      angiographic findings are shown, the echocardiographic differential diagnosis is
      pointed out.

PMID- 685382
TI  - [Congenital partial defect of the pericardium with herniation of the left atrial
      appendage (author's transl)].
AB  - Congenital partial pericardial defect with herniation of the left atrial
      appendage presents a rare anomaly. Clinical appearance of a 25-year-old man with
      this anomaly combined with adherance to the left lung hilus and the pericardial
      sac is described. He suffered from cardiac arrhythmias and dyspnea during
      exertion. The chest X-ray film at unremarkable physical examination and routine
      laboratory data within normal limits showed a prominent shadow of the left
      cardiac border, the cineangiocardiographic findings revealed that the prominence
      was due to a large left atrial appendage. Since strangulation of the left atrial
      appendage is a well-known and described potential hazard, thoracic surgery was
      performed without any complication.

PMID- 685383
TI  - [Investigations on tribology and strength of aluminium-oxide-ceramic--hip
      endoprostheses (author's transl)].
AB  - The nature of friction and wear of ceramic material and ceramic hip
      endoprostheses by different manufacturers has been investigated by means of model
      test equipment and gait-simulators. Thus the aptitude of ceramics to be
      frictional partners for artificial joints can be attested, the results give the
      hope of a long usability. Anyway there is the demand to the manufacturers to give
      a garantee for the breaking strength of the cone--plug-in-connexion and a highest
      productional quality of the sliding faces. The long-term testings are carried on.

PMID- 685384
TI  - [The new rotatory hip-joint endoprosthesis according to the unit construction
      system after Weber. Experience and results of follow-up checks after five years
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The new rotatory hip-joint total prosthesis after Weber with rotating metal head
      and polyethylene socket has yielded a very high percentage of good results to
      date, according to experience collected in the course of five years and a
      comprehensive followup study. It was possible to prove that the metallic rotatory
      joint does not entail any disadvantages, and that it is extremely resistant to
      wear. The almost complete absence of shaft fractures is remarkable (two cases
      after 2,500 operations) as well as the low incidence of loosening after primary
      operation. Complications occur much more frequently following exchange
      operations. The unit construction principle on which this type of prosthesis is
      based, offers great advantages in respect of surgical technique. It appears that
      the rotatory prosthesis is superior to other concepts with regard to wear and to
      stability of fixation.

PMID- 685385
TI  - [Standardization of implant materials shown by "bone cement". Comparative
      investigations in consideration of antibiotic admixtures (author's transl)].
AB  - Test methods for acrylic based bone-cements proposed by a draft international
      standard are approved by investigation of different bone cements. The cements
      showed different qualities and different mechanical properties. Added antibiotics
      slow down the polymerisation, possible influences to mechanical properties are
      covered by handlingcaused deviations. Pressure test and impact test are leading
      to different strength statements.

PMID- 685386
TI  - [Surgical treatment of the congenital femural defect by means of rotation plasty
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Experiences made in 5 cases with Borggreve's rotation plasty have shown that in
      cases of congenital femural defects and exceptionally also in malignant bone
      tumors of the distal femur this method should be suggested to the patient as a
      possible therapy. By rotating and shortening of the leg, the ankle joint is
      converted to a new knee joint. With this method an active movement of the knee
      joint can be obtained, so that the fitting with a below knee prosthesis becomes
      possible.

PMID- 685387
TI  - [Investigations concerning the extension of the cartilage surface of the femoral
      head (author's transl)].
AB  - The extension of the cartilage surface of 30 human femoral heads was measured
      from the center of the fovea capitis. In ventrolateral direction of the fovea the
      largest extension of cartilage was observed, in the medical direction the lowest
      extension. The different arrangement of the cartilage distribution pattern on the
      medial head area resulted in three types: whereas type A had a continuous
      cartilage margin, type B showed an inlet in the direction of the fovea capitis,
      which, in type C, extended right up to the fovea as an area free of cartilage.
      The findings are considered under functional aspects and are related to the
      stress of the hip joint. A calculation of the cartilage area proved that the
      morphological geometric conditions for an enarthrosis are not fulfilled in all
      cases. These calculations were performed assuming both a spherical and a small
      ellipsoidal curvature of the head surface.

PMID- 685388
TI  - [Progressive slipping in severe spondylolisthesis-long-term observation (author's
      transl)].
AB  - In total consolidated dorsal fusion it is possible that the decreased
      intervertebral distance as well as the displacement can increase. 50 patients
      treated in the period from 1925 till 1977 with a spondylolisthesis of more than
      50% have been reviewed. 36 of them were treated by a dorsal fusion, the 14 other
      patients without operation. Increased displacement was found in 43 cases. This
      phenomen will be brought about the deflective deformation of the dorsal fusion.
      Depending on the elasticity bone rebuilding under substinent biomechanical
      conditions is possible. In the course of time, total intercorporal consolidation
      leads to a difinitive stability and relief of pain.

PMID- 685389
TI  - [Sleeping position of the infant and development of skeletal disorders (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 685390
TI  - [Problems of the little people (author's transl)].
AB  - The problems of the dwarfs are often not very well known. After reexamining 30
      patients, we distributed an extensive questionaire to many other patients. The
      answers of 136 patients--examinated by punchcards--have given the information
      about the reason of their limited growth, their troubles and to questions of
      their familiar and professional integration. As expected most of the patients
      were those with achondroplasia. In babyhood the most important problem is the
      diagnosis. On the other hand the adult dwarfs come to the doctor for their
      complaints. The mostly seen complaints are backpains. It will be reported over
      postoperative reversible cases of paraplegia in case of narrow lumbar spinal
      canal and kyphosis. The most frequently carried on opperations are corrective
      osteotomies of the lower leg. The long-term results were mostly satisfactory.
      Apart from the medical problems were the social ones which were often as
      prominent. The patients are frequently lonely and in their profession overtaxed.

PMID- 685391
TI  - [Experiences with temporary epiphyseal stapling by Blount (author's transl)].
AB  - After an epiphyseal stapling (Blount 1949) on 93 patients a control was carried
      out in 87 cases. In this control age, growth prognosis and the growth after
      removing the staples were taken into consideration. The result shows various
      complications so that the patient will have to undergo a second anf finally a
      third operation. Through these repeated operations the difference of the leg
      length could be shortened, but the results were not up to expectations. On the
      whole, a clear prognosis was difficult to determine and on nearly a third of the
      patients the difference of the length could not be corrected under 2.0
      centimeters. The epiphyseal stapling is connected with too many risks and
      complications. It may be carried out in seldom special cases. For the treatment
      of the difference of the leg length there are today safer and less complicated
      operating-methods.

PMID- 685392
TI  - [Epidermoid cyst of the tibia (author's transl)].
AB  - Case report on a large epidermoid cyst in the proximal tibia in a 42-year old
      woman. Scrutiny of the available literature shows that this is the first recorded
      case of an epidermoid cyst in a long bone.

PMID- 685393
TI  - [On translocation surgery of the tendon of the musculus peroneus brevis (M.
      fibularis brevis) in clubfoot (author's transl)].
AB  - The paper reports on the basis of long-term observations on an old surgical
      method which used to be practised in infants before arthrolysis around the
      anklebone (pantalar arthrolysis) was employed in the treatment of insufficient
      lifting of the outer edge of the foot in clubfoot recidivation. This old surgical
      method consisted of translocating the tendon of the m. peroneus brevis (m.
      fibularis brevis) before the outer ankle bone. The method is described, and its
      mode of action is discussed. Results obtained with 14 operations of this kind,
      are presented.

PMID- 685394
TI  - [A rare type of block formation of lumbar vertebrae in a top-performance
      sportswoman (author's transl)].
AB  - The article reports on a block formation in the lumbar vertebrae of a woman
      athletic. In the authors' opinion, such an anomaly has not yet been described.
      The article demonstrates on the basis of a detailed descussion of developmental
      anatomy that the block formation extended from L 3 to L 5, L 4 being merely a
      "quarter vertebra". The findings and the complaints resulting thereform prompt
      the authors to demand that in persons aspiring to become top-performance
      sporstmen. The locomotor system must be subjected to a thorough examination.

PMID- 685395
TI  - [Development and functional anatomy of the human elbow joint (author's transl)].
AB  - According to the general function of the upper limb the importance of the human
      elbow joint is discussed including phylogenetic aspects. The ontogenesis of this
      joint is analysed by serially sectioned human embryos of different stages. The
      important period is at the end of the second month, as the articular elements are
      formed at this time. The density distribution of the subchondral bone of the
      elbow joint corresponds to the results from photoelastic models. They are
      compared with the stress diagrams calculated by Pauwels. The density distribution
      of the articulating elements corresponds to the local stress. The analysis of the
      elbow joint of children of different ages shows, that there is no basis
      connection between the shape of the different formed articular surfaces of the
      ulna and the orientation of the epiphyseal plate. For the structural changes of
      the articular surfaces in the incisura trochlearis ulnae functional explanations
      are given with regard to Pauwels' deductions on the mechanical stress and the
      hypothesis on the causal histogenesis.

PMID- 685396
TI  - [The fixing shoe with rolling sole (arthrodesis shoe) with interchangeable built
      in-element (author's transl)].
AB  - The fixing shoe with rolling sole (arthrodesis shoe) serves to ensure pain-free
      or at least tolerably painless walking in case of changes due to arthrosis or
      lesion sequelae in the ankle joints or the tarsus. This is achieved by means of a
      high shaft of adequate strength, an accurate bedding of the foot, and a rolling
      sole with sufficient lift at the tip. This shoe is indicated in cases where the
      load alone is well tolerated whereas load in conjunction with movement produces
      pain. Several types of these orthopedic shoes have been developed. Of these, the
      model with interchangeable built-in element has proved most successful in the
      authors' experience. This built-in element consists of a drummed (milled) cap
      reinforced with cast resin, and a cork bedding. This removable or interchangeable
      unit is advantageous compared with a firmly integrated system insofar as any
      changes or repairs can be effected easily and at a lower cost.

PMID- 685397
TI  - [Functional treatment of beginning hallux valgus with a special sandal
      (Schlaufensandale) (author's transl)].
AB  - A special sandal for the early treatment of hallux valgus is described. The
      deviation of the hallux is corrected by traction and brought to a middle
      position. Active correction is effective with every step.

PMID- 685398
TI  - [Basic diagnosis in the laboratory].

PMID- 685399
TI  - [Indispensable laboratory studies. Preventive aspects in the laboratory].

PMID- 685400
TI  - [Diagnosis of Crohn's disease].

PMID- 685401
TI  - [Psychosomatics in daily practice].

PMID- 685403
TI  - [Treatment of chronic anal diseases].

PMID- 685402
TI  - [Chronic-obstructive lung diseases. The treatment of chronic-obstructive lung
      diseases with transbronchin].

PMID- 685404
TI  - [Principles of treatment and electrocardiography in intact pacemaker systems].

PMID- 685405
TI  - [The electrocardiogram in non-functioning pacemakers].

PMID- 685406
TI  - [The patient using a pacemaker at his family-physicians].

PMID- 685407
TI  - [The symptom of vertigo and questions for the otologist (proceedings)].

PMID- 685408
TI  - [Corticosteroid treatment and adrenal regulatory system].

PMID- 685409
TI  - [New diagnostic methods: the CEA test].

PMID- 685410
TI  - [Watch the blood pressure! Thoughts of a physician for general medicine at the
      occasion of the World Health Day 1978].

PMID- 685411
TI  - [Digitalis therapy in practice. Beneficial effect and consequences. Glycoside
      therapy in general practice. Studies on serum digitalis concentrations of
      ambulatory patients].

PMID- 685412
TI  - [Poisonous plants in our environment. I. Poisonings due to plants].

PMID- 685413
TI  - [The ECG seminar I. 9 Diagnostic-therapeutic discussions of the ZFA. 4. Halfday 5
      May 1978. The exertion ECG. Analyses of arrhythmias].

PMID- 685414
TI  - [Management of acute urinary tract infections in practice].

PMID- 685415
TI  - Preventive medicine: applause and argument.

PMID- 685416
TI  - Medical self-care: an old remedy recurs.
AB  - Beginning in the 1960s, Virginia was the site of pioneering efforts in medical
      self-care education. The author traces the history of this concept, the reasons
      for its current popularity, and the benefits it can yield to both physicians and
      patients.

PMID- 685418
TI  - Ectopic pregnancy and the intrauterine contraceptive device.
AB  - The incidence of ectopic pregnancy is greater among patients with IUD in situ
      than among women in general. Four cases are reported, and the clinical
      implications are discussed.

PMID- 685417
TI  - Hypertensive crisis and phencyclidine abuse.
AB  - This report of a case in Virginia suggests linkage between the abuse of a "street
      drug" by a young woman and an acute episode of hypertension resulting in coma and
      blindness. The authors warn of the potential dangers of phencyclidine and
      describe its mechanisms.

PMID- 685419
TI  - The uses of myelography in the diagnosis of disc disease.
AB  - "There are three main advantages in the preoperative myelogram for disc lesions:
      It confirms the diagnosis of disc lesion, excludes tumor, and defines the exact
      level of the pathologic lesion."

PMID- 685420
TI  - Pruritus regularis.

PMID- 685421
TI  - [Preliminary results and several prospects for clinico-physiological research by
      the Irkutsk Medical Institute in the western portion of the Baikal-Amur Main
      Line].

PMID- 685423
TI  - [Hygienic problems in constructing the Baikal-Amur Main Line].

PMID- 685422
TI  - [Results and prospects for hygienic research in the region of the Baikal-Amur
      Main Line].

PMID- 685424
TI  - [Results, problems and prospects for medico-biological research in the region of
      the Baikal-Amur Main Line].

PMID- 685425
TI  - [Rational nutrition during construction of the Baikal-Amur Main Line].

PMID- 685426
TI  - [Problems of chronic noninfectious diseases in the Baikal-Amur Main Line
      construction zone].

PMID- 685427
TI  - [Growth of research into bloodsucking arthropods and their control in the
      construction zone of the Baikal-Amur Main Line].

PMID- 685428
TI  - [Problems of orthopedic-traumatologic services to the builders of the Baikal-Amur
      Main Line].

PMID- 685429
TI  - [Child health care during the first stages in the development of the Baikal-Amur
      Main Line Zone].

PMID- 685430
TI  - [Problems of helath care for women during the first stages of development of the
      Baikal-Amur Main Line Zone].

PMID- 685431
TI  - [Problem of rheumatism and streptococcal infections among Baikal-Amur Main Line
      construction workers].

PMID- 685432
TI  - [Medical-biological and organizational aspects of industrial-economic development
      of the Baikal-Amur Main Line region].

PMID- 685433
TI  - [Prediction of the existance of foci of arboviruses in the Far East and results
      of its verification].

PMID- 685434
TI  - [Medical aspects of a study of bodily reactivity during construction of the
      Baikal-Amur Main Line (tasks and prospects for complex research)].

PMID- 685435
TI  - [Discussions about the reports of the out-of-town session of divisions of the
      Academy of Medical Science of the USSR concerned with medico-biological problems
      of the Baikal-Amur Main Line which took place at Irkutsk, July 5--7, 1977].

PMID- 685437
TI  - [Neurinoma of the maxillary sinus].

PMID- 685436
TI  - [Case of reticulosis in a child with a pharyngeal lesion].

PMID- 685438
TI  - [Case of bilateral cancer of the ethmoidal labyrinth].

PMID- 685439
TI  - [Secondary cholesteatoma of the trephination cavity simulating a cerebellar
      abscess].

PMID- 685440
TI  - [Vacuum hydrotherapy of chronic tonsillitis].

PMID- 685441
TI  - [Clamp for the nasal speculum].

PMID- 685442
TI  - [Set of instruments for draining the maxillary sinuses in treating maxillary
      sinusitis].

PMID- 685443
TI  - [Mandibular strap for training nasal breathing].

PMID- 685444
TI  - [Set of rasps for subcutaneous management of bony protuberances in the frontal
      naso-orbital area].

PMID- 685446
TI  - [Electric heater for drug solutions].

PMID- 685445
TI  - [Device for measured oxygen feed into a respiratory bronchoscope].

PMID- 685447
TI  - [Biological dosimeter of ultraviolet rays in irradiating the ENT organs].

PMID- 685448
TI  - [DNA, RNA and protein synthesis in the tonsillar lymphocytes of children with
      varying tonsillar pathology].

PMID- 685449
TI  - [Clinical morphological studies in chronic tonsillitis in children with a fat
      metabolism disorder].

PMID- 685450
TI  - [Relationship of chronic tonsillitis with diseases of the internal organs to
      patient age and sex].

PMID- 685451
TI  - [Arterial pressure indices in chronic tonsillitis under the climatic conditions
      of the western portion of the Baikal-Amur mainline].

PMID- 685452
TI  - [Reactive changes in the neural apparatus of the palatine tonsils of dogs with
      experimental tonsillitis under the influence of ultrasonics].

PMID- 685453
TI  - [Cryo-ultrasonic tonsillectomy (an experimental study)].

PMID- 685454
TI  - [Tonsillectomy and adenotomy under endotracheal anesthesia].

PMID- 685455
TI  - [Phlegmons and abscesses of the parapharyngeal space in patients after
      tonsillectomy].

PMID- 685456
TI  - [Desoxyribonuclease activity of the saliva and serum in acute respiratory
      diseases and in acute tonsillitis].

PMID- 685457
TI  - [Diagnostic importance of light and fluorescent microlaryngoscopy].

PMID- 685458
TI  - [Cicatricial changes in the pharynx after tonsillectomy].

PMID- 685459
TI  - [Training of otolaryngological personnel in the Ukrainian SSR in the 10th Five
      Year Plan].

PMID- 685460
TI  - [Results of the audiometry of individual groups of agricultural workers].

PMID- 685461
TI  - [Study of "acute phase" indices in angina].

PMID- 685462
TI  - [Use of jet, needleless methods of administering anesthetics in tonsillectomy in
      children].

PMID- 685463
TI  - [Experience in using a cryo-ultrasonic method in vascular tumors of the upper
      respiratory tracts].

PMID- 685464
TI  - [Use of dimedrol solutions for the local anesthesia in children].

PMID- 685465
TI  - [Haemodesum in the postoperative period in oncological patients].

PMID- 685466
TI  - [Case of a retropharyngeal abscess in an elderly patient].

PMID- 685467
TI  - Health education in Hungary: three priority areas.

PMID- 685468
TI  - How men come to hear about vasectomy: evidence from a Manchester clinic in the
      UK.

PMID- 685469
TI  - Integration of the health education component in the opening of a new regional
      hospital in Jerusalem.

PMID- 685470
TI  - Health education in leprosy: the problem of overcoming fear and misconceptions.

PMID- 685471
TI  - World health is indivisible.

PMID- 685472
TI  - "Alafia"--the Yoruba concept of health: implications for health education.

PMID- 685474
TI  - Health education with special reference to the primary health care approach.

PMID- 685473
TI  - Family planning opinion leadership in the United States.

PMID- 685475
TI  - Degradation of aflatoxin by lactoperoxidase.
AB  - Three concentrations of lactoperoxidase, 5, 50, and 500 units/ml of reaction
      mixture, degraded aflatoxin in the presence of 225 micrometer NaCl and 50
      micrometer H2O2 at 28 degrees C. Increasing the amount of lactoperoxidase from 50
      to 500 units/ml of reaction mixture resulted in increasing the rate of
      degradation of aflatoxin B1 from 3.6 to 5.1%/24 h. When comparable amounts of
      lactoperoxidase were present, aflatoxin G1 was degraded approximately 1.5 times
      faster than was aflatoxin B1. At a given concentration of lactoperoxidase,
      aflatoxin degradation was independent of initial aflatoxin concentration.
      Derivatives that cochromatographed with aflatoxin B2a and derivatives that were
      water soluble were the major degradation products of aflatoxin B1. Similar
      derivatives, but in greater proportions, were noted as degradation products that
      resulted from activity of a blendure of mycelia of Aspergillus parasiticus.

PMID- 685476
TI  - Evaluating the inhibitory action of honey on fungal growth, sporulation, and
      aflatoxin production.
AB  - Unprocessed honey was inoculated with toxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus
      NRRL 5862 and A. parasiticus NRRL 2999. The fungi grew and sporulated in varying
      amounts of honey diluted with water, but none of the cultures produced detectable
      levels of aflatoxin. Growth and subsequent sporulation were seen only in media
      containing up to and including 60% of honey. Media having 40% of honey showed
      growth and sporulation by day two. Neither species of Aspergillus produced toxins
      even in 10% honey. These results confirm our earlier observations that pure honey
      inhibited fungal growth and now even diluted honey seems capable of inhibiting
      toxin production or possibly neutralizing it. The general procedures recommended
      by the AOAC for extraction and thin layer chromatography were applied
      successfully in analyzing the honey substrate for aflatoxin.

PMID- 685477
TI  - [Detection of estrogen residues in meat by thin layer chromatography and
      fluorimetry (author's transl)].
AB  - A new method for the qualitative and quantitative determination of six anabolic
      substances is described. The analytical procedure consists of the following
      steps: comminution of the meat sample; homogenisation with tetrahydrofurane;
      liquid-liquid partition between sodium hydroxide solution and petroleum
      ether/benzene; chromatography of the estrogen containing fraction on Sephadex LH
      20; derivatization with Dansyl chloride; and finally thin layer chromatography.
      The qualitative estimation on the TLC-plate is performed with 366 nm ultra violet
      light. The quantitative determination is carried out either by fluorimetry after
      elution of the substances from the plate, or by means of a remission spectral
      fluorimeter directly on the plate. The detection limit of the qualitative
      estimation in meat extracts was 5--10 ppb. A minimum concentration of 20--50 ppb
      is necessary for quantitative determination.

PMID- 685478
TI  - [The particular solution state of processed casein (author's transl)].
AB  - Processed casein manufactured with melting salts has properties which are not
      consisted with a solution of casein in water. The specific partial volume of the
      water VW = 1.061 cm3/g is clearly increased compared with pure water (VW =
      1.00177 cm3/g). The activity of the water aW is greater than 1 instead of less
      than 1. The irregularities are explained by a solution state which is comparable
      to an inverted solution. That means that by melting salts in the melt water is
      absorbed from casein. Water now becomes the solute, whose cohesive forces are
      decreased. The result is an increase of the partial volume and a higher water
      activity.

PMID- 685479
TI  - [The application of numerical toxonomy for the classification of wines (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Monovariate and multivariate methods for clustering of wines according to origin,
      grape variety and vintage year (representing) climate are compared. The
      multivariate method which is described makes it possible to find similarities
      especially related to origin and is superior to a monovariate analysis.

PMID- 685480
TI  - [The microscopical identification of fruits from Gevuina avellana Molina
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The fruits of Gevuina avellana Molina, which in Chile are eaten like hazel-nuts,
      were subjected to microscopic examination. There are several anatomical
      characteristics, useful for differentiation. The anatomy of these nuts was then
      compared with that of hazel-nuts (Corylus avellana L.) is added.

PMID- 685481
TI  - [Principles and problems of evaluation of results in health education].
AB  - The goals of health education are the following: 1. Increase of knowledge about
      physical and psychological health; diseases and their causes; and possibilities
      of prevention. 2. Favorable influence on attitudes concerning health problems. 3.
      Influence on health behavior (nutrition, smoking, way of life, exercise). In
      school health education and in particular in adult health education, emphasis is
      usually put on communication by means of lectures, brochures, newspaper articles,
      radio and television. However, the effectiveness of such measures is not well
      known. Especially, it is not clear whether the transmission of knowledge in the
      particular fields brings along a lasting effect on attitudes and behavior of
      individuals or society. Outcome evaluation in health education requires short
      term, but mainly long-term studies designed according to epidemiologic
      principles. The groups of persons suitable for testing in accordance with the
      health education programs have to be compared with groups not exposed to these
      health education measures. Not only immediate but also long-term outcome should
      be evaluated. Among the difficulties inherent in such a design are the precise
      execution of the health education programs, the surveillance of the test and
      comparison groups, long-term follow-up, and especially the identification and
      investigation of person groups suitable for study or comparison purposes. The
      problems inherent in health education evaluation are illustrated by practical
      examples.

PMID- 685482
TI  - [Health insurance as a regulating instrument. Report of a work group].

PMID- 685483
TI  - [Health statistics as a permanent instrument for planning and evaluation].

PMID- 685484
TI  - [Aims and evaluation in health education and health information. Report of a work
      group].

PMID- 685485
TI  - [Aims and evaluation of early diagnosis. Report of a work group].

PMID- 685486
TI  - [Aims and evaluation of hospital planning].

PMID- 685487
TI  - [Cooperation of various occupations within the community].

PMID- 685488
TI  - [Distribution of tasks and collaboration in the health sector: confederation and
      cantons, public and private sector. Report of a work group].

PMID- 685489
TI  - [Constitution and activities of the Swiss Hospital Institute (SKI)].

PMID- 685490
TI  - [The Society of Swiss Public Health Physicians].

PMID- 685491
TI  - [Current developments in Swiss public health from the viewpoint of the Society
      for Universities and Research. Position of the GHF].

PMID- 685492
TI  - [Practical aspects of the realization of systematic procedure in the health
      services. Results of a round-table conference].

PMID- 685493
TI  - [Health services as a study object: preconditions, principles, applications].
AB  - The call for more research in health care delivery has increased with the rising
      cost of medical care. Since the end of the fifties, a new research direction is
      identifying itself primarily in the Anglo-Saxon literature: Health Services
      Research. Examples discussed include results of Health Services Research
      regarding the diffusion of medical technology and the mechanisms to control costs
      of health services. These and similar results from special studies on average
      length of stay and utilization of hospital beds show that Health Services
      Research should develop from primarily descriptive studies into an analytical and
      experimental discipline in order to provide clues to the pressing problems of the
      delivery of medical care.

PMID- 685494
TI  - [Studies on health services--European outline].
AB  - Health Services Research is the systematic investigation and evaluation of the
      health services with respect to their availability, accessibility, coverage,
      effectiveness, efficiency, utilization and costs. Although some important
      developments like the introduction of national health insurance or the creation
      of a national health service led in given European countries to limited efforts
      in Health Services Research it has only been recently that the need for such
      research has become recognized. The cost explosion in health care and growing
      doubts about the effectiveness of given health care interventions provide
      leverage for a greater effort in Health Services Research. The World Health
      Organization created in 1977 the European Advisory Committee for Medical Research
      and Health Services Research. This Committee has identified five priority areas
      for research: 1. standardization of methods, measurements and terminology in
      biomedical and health services research 2. prevention, prophylaxis and early
      detection 3. evaluation of drugs and other therapeutic and diagnostic substances
      4. problems in health care delivery 5. economic aspects of health care Adressing
      these problems will call at the national level for the development of a critical
      mass of capable health services researchers. It will also require substantial
      financial resources.

PMID- 685495
TI  - [The notion of effectiveness in the health field].
AB  - The author emphasizes the necessity of an interdisciplinary approach in the field
      of exploring efficiency of the health system. He attempts to show how the notion
      of efficiency depends on the degree of aggregation of the considered components
      of the health system.

PMID- 685496
TI  - [Scientific theory and planning in the health fields].
AB  - One of the most important function of philosophy of science is to elucidate terms
      and to discuss the possibilities to decide about values--both problems have
      practical relevance for the interaction between science, policy and politics in
      planning. Within planning theory it is striking, that in most cases the critical
      point of rationality is not treated adequately. Organization, functions and norms
      in the field of science and administration decide upon the forms of cooperation
      of social medicine in planning.

PMID- 685497
TI  - Polymorphism of the red cell acid-phosphatase in Tuscany by starch-gel thin layer
      electrophoresis and fluorogenic substrate.
AB  - The red cell acid-phosphatase types were determined in 495 individuals from
      Tuscany, Italy. The observed frequencies of the three alleles are: ACPA1 = 0.271;
      ACPB1 = 0.665 and ACPC1 = 0.064. The results obtained by starch-gel thin layer
      electrophoresis and 4 methyl-umbelliferyl-phosphate as fluorogenic substrate are
      very satisfactory for forensic purposes also.

PMID- 685498
TI  - [Hemobilia--a contribution to vital reaction (author's transl)].
AB  - In 60 autopsies, with and without ante- or postmortem liver injuries bile was
      analyzed for its blood content, by UV-spectrophotometry. A microhemobilia was
      found in 20 cases and a visible macro-hemobilia in one case. The aetiology and
      pathogenesis of the hemobilia are discussed. If artefacts are taken into account,
      the two forms of hemobilia can be regarded as a vital reaction.

PMID- 685500
TI  - [Environmental influences to postmortem temperature curves (author's transl)].

PMID- 685499
TI  - [About the polymorphisms of esterase D and glyoxalase I and their forensic
      application (author's transl)].
AB  - Phenotypes of esterase D and glyoxalase I were determined electrophoretically in
      samples from Northern Germany. Gene frequencies: EsD1 = 0,889 (n = 1430), GLO1 =
      0,415 (n = 865). The data of 295 (EsD) and 153 (GLO) mother/child combinations
      were in full accordance with the genetic model of two codominant alleles at an
      autosomal locus. Esterase D typing has proved successful in bloodstains up to
      three weeks old. The forensic scope of serological systems is discussed
      intensively. According to our own data and the results presented in the
      literature esterase D and glyoxalase I have proved to be useful additional
      markers for use in cases of disputed paternity.

PMID- 685501
TI  - [Highly different values for the plausibility of fatherhood and for the exclusion
      chance (author's transl)].
AB  - More than 1800 HLA-typed mother-child-putative father triplets were
      biostatistically analyzed on the basis of the Essen-Moller principle. 14 of them
      had W-values (= probability of paternity) of less than 50%, the lowest value
      being 4,4%. Using a specially designed computer program, exclusion probabilities
      between 68 and 96% were calculated. This demonstrates (a) that nonexclusion is
      not necessarily in every case a positive indication of the paternity of the man
      involved; and (b) that the probability of exclusion as a biological method of
      establishing paternity is not a suitable piece of evidence. The W-value (=
      "probability of paternity"), obtained on the basis of the Essen-Moller principle,
      provides complete information, and is alone conclusive.--The high proportion of
      non-fullhouse children among the 14 cases allows the conclusion that the more
      comprehensive the specificity spectrum of the antiserums used in the typing is,
      the fewer the number of such cases.

PMID- 685502
TI  - [Spontaneous pneumothorax and tension pneumothorax as causes of sudden death
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Report on the pathological--anatomical findings on 4 persons, having died
      suddenly with a spontaneous pneumothorax. The relative frequency of cases and the
      clinical picture of the illness, stress the importance of this not unusual, but
      only by post-mortem examination verifyable, cause of death.

PMID- 685503
TI  - [On two cases of lethal trichloroethylene intoxication (author's transl)].
AB  - Two lethal cases of inhalation of vapors containing trichloroethylene are
      reported. The results of autopsy and of histological and toxicological
      examinations indicated a long lasting exposure and survival time.

PMID- 685504
TI  - [Traumatic thrombosis of the carotis artery (author's transl)].
AB  - The case of an 51-year-old man, who died about 24 hrs after having tried to
      commit suicide by hanging is reported. Death was caused by rupture of an
      arteriosclerotic layer in the left carotis communis artery with consecutive
      intramural bleeding and thrombosis of the left carotis communis, carotis interna
      and carotis externa arteries. In this respect another case of an injury of the
      neck and thrombosis of the carotis interna artery is reported. On the basis of
      these two cases the clinical and legal importance of diagnosis and causal
      connexion are discussed.

PMID- 685505
TI  - [The influence of alcohol on central nervous compensating mechanisms following
      labyrinthic lesions (author's transl)].
AB  - The influence of alcohol on mechanisms compensating for labyrinthine lesions was
      studied in 180 guinea-pigs. The animals were subjected to either unilateral or to
      successive bilateral labyrinthectomy which was induced by an injection of
      chloroform into the middle ear. No significant influences of alcohol on
      vestibular compensation were found up to alcohol levels of 1g/kg. Dosages higher
      than 2 g/kg exerted inhibitory effects on compensation after unilateral
      labyrinthectomy. Compensation after successive bilateral labyrinthine lesions
      could not clearly be influenced. In animals which had achieved natural
      compensation after labyrinthectomy alcohol dosages of 0,5--1 g/kg re-elicited
      some of the formerly present symptoms. The data presented are interpreted with
      regard to their significance for the action of alcohol patients with cerebral
      dysfunction.

PMID- 685506
TI  - [The polymorphism of human erythrocytic esterase D. Phenotype distribution and
      gene frequency in Northern Germany (Schleswig-Holstein); description of an Es D 4
      family (author's transl)].
AB  - A good correlation between the actual phenotype distribution of esterase D and
      the expected distribution was found in the analysis of a random sample of 2028
      unrelated persons, 54 umbilical cord blood samples, 406 mother/child comparisons,
      24 family investigations, one fraternal and 32 identical twin investigations. The
      assume gene frequencies in Northern Germany were calculated for Es D1 =0.8935 and
      Es D2 =0.1065 for an aggregate sampling. Gene defects were not observed, and one
      family exhibited the variant Es D4 in the father (Es D 4--1) and son (Es D 4--2).
      Likewise, these phenotypes distinctly distinguish themselves by electrofocusing
      from the phenotypes Es D 1, Es D 2--1, and Es D 2.

PMID- 685507
TI  - [Pituitary changes after craniocerebral injuries and their correlation to
      localisation and time of surviving (author's transl)].
AB  - 62 pituitary glands were examined after craniocerebral injuries of different
      seriousness. Primary and secondary changes of the pituitary gland depend on
      localisation and direction of violence, dimension of intracranial haemorrhage and
      other cerebral changes, therapeutical measures and time of surviving. Primary
      pituitary lesions occur likewise with isolated fractures of the calvarium and
      facial skull, but also without fractures of the skull. On the other hand
      fractures of the base of the skull including the sella do not necessarily result
      in traumatic pituitary lesions.

PMID- 685508
TI  - [Lesions of the cervical spine caused by suicidal hanging (author's transl)].
AB  - In 107 cases of suicidal hanging the CVC was investigated systematically. A
      frequency of lesions at a rate of 65% was found. There were only soft-tissue
      lesions with the maximum in C 5/6. The 2nd maximum was the occipito-atlanto-axis
      region (C 0/2). This distribution depends on traction. Particularly in the dorsal
      part the loss of lordosis results from traction. The lesion of C 0/2 is caused by
      tension due to the weight of the head or by hyperextension due to submental
      position of the node. 20% of cases showed additional lesions in various
      locations, which are thought to be results of terminal convulsions.

PMID- 685509
TI  - Experiments on the penetration power of various bullets into skin and muscle
      tissue.

PMID- 685510
TI  - [Deadly scald or Lyell syndrome? (author's transl)].
AB  - The changes of skin of the Lyell Syndrome have an extreme likeness with those of
      a 2nd degree scald. As this illness is more frequently observed as of late, it
      may get forensic importance. Based on the case of a man, 48 years of age, who
      suddenly died without previous diagnosis and therapy the aetiologic and
      morphological problems are discussed.

PMID- 685512
TI  - [Clinical and socio-medical aspects of long term uricostatic treatment of primary
      gout (a 5-10 year study)].
AB  - In 60 patients (48 cases were evaluated) with primary gout a longterm therapy (5-
      10 years) with Allopurinol was performed. Without treatment 4.4 sudden onsets of
      gout per patient and year were registrated; under Allopurinol only 0.062 (p less
      than 0.001) onsets were observed. This resulted in a large decrease in
      hospitalisation time from 44 days to 0.62 days per patient and year. In the
      majority of cases involution or diminuation of the tophi was found. In 7 cases of
      nephrolithiasis no further renal colic took place. In 8.3% a skin rasch and in
      12.5% a slight gastrointestinal side effect was observed. Together with the
      clinical results the socio-medical aspects are discussed and the importance of
      gout in respect to the socioeconomic point of view is pointed out.

PMID- 685511
TI  - [Effect of D-penicillamine on zinc levels in blood and urine of patients with
      chronic polyarthritis].
AB  - In 6 female patients with classical rheumatoid arthritis D-penicillamine was
      administered in a daily dose of 250--500 mg for 3 weeks. The only additional
      antiphlogistic treatment was Indomethacin (100--150 mg daily). At the beginning
      and during the trial blood levels and the urinary excretion of zinc were
      determined using both neutron-activation analysis and atomabsorption. The results
      showed an increase of the urinary zinc excretion during the whole trial, a
      decrease of blood concentration of zinc until the 2nd week of treatment followed
      by an increase during the 3rd week above the level of the controls obtained
      before D-penicillamine therapy was started.

PMID- 685513
TI  - [Effect of cyclophosphamide (Endoxan) on experimental arthritis in rabbits].
AB  - The experimental investigation is divided into 3 parts: Firstly, it was assessed
      that cyclophosphamide (Cp) in different dosages was well tolerated locally when
      injected into the knee joint of normal rabbits as compared to saline controls on
      the basis of histology and cell count determination of the injected joints. In a
      second series of experiments a hyperimmune arthritis (HIA) was produced in
      rabbits by systemic administration of albumin, complete Freund's adjuvant and
      intraarticular stimulus by ovalbumin. Histological examination of synovial
      membranes reveal alterations similar to those of human rheumatoid arthritis on
      the 7th day after stimulus. Further experiments were aimed at assessing if Cp
      exerted an inhibitory effect on the 7 day old HIA. Cp in a dosage of 10 mg has
      been applied intraarticularly in various intervals prior, simultaneously and
      after the elicitation of HIA. It could be demonstrated that Cp led to a reduction
      of the number of lymphocytes, plasma cells and fibroblasts in the synovial
      membrane, the inhibitory effect on fibroblasts was bound to its administration
      around the point of HIA elicitation, an even stronger inhibition of lymphocytes
      and plasma-cells was only to be expected when Cp was applied 48 hours after
      ovalbumin challenge. Unwanted reactions in the course of Cp administration such
      as superficial and deep necrosis as well as damage of blood vessels in the
      synovial membrane combined with minor inhibition of lymphocytes and plasma cells
      were encountered when Cp was injected 120 hours after HIA elicitation. These new
      experimental results lead to the conclusion that efficacy and unwanted reactions
      during Cp administration are related to a local activation of the substance in
      the inflammatory milieu of HIA. Furthermore we were able to demonstrate that even
      the sole application of Cp if injected shortly before immigration of lymphocytes
      into the synovial tissue led to a marked suppression of almost all histological
      parameters of HIA. Our experimental findings strongly support the importance of
      lymphocytes and plasma cells being inactivated for the successful treatment of
      adult rheumatoid arthritis. They grow to consider the formation of necrosis and
      damage of blood vessels as sequelae of too fast a local activation of Cp in the
      inflammatory tissue.

PMID- 685514
TI  - [Monitoring of the clinical and morphological course of glomerulonephritis].
AB  - It is reported on the clinical and morphological course of 50 patients with
      glomerulonephritis. The period of observation extended from 6 months to 10 years.
      The judgment of the clinical and morphological course was done on the basis of
      the laboratory findings or by means of the control biopsy. In the period of
      observation 36 patients were treated with different medicaments, whereas 14
      patients were observed without treatment. A positive success of the therapy could
      not be recognized in the group of patients described the clinical and
      morphological course in the patients is described and the author adopts a
      definite attitude to the necessity of control biopsies.

PMID- 685515
TI  - [Treatment of intracapillary-proliferative glomerulonephritis].
AB  - It is reported on 137 patients with chronic intracapillary-proliferative
      glomerulonephritides. Of them 101 patients were treated with prednisolone, 36
      patients remained untreated. The control biopsies and the observations of the
      course after on an average 1.8 years showed that the treated patients clinically
      and histologically had no better results than the untreated patients. A
      relatively high number of urinary tract infections and pyelonephritides was
      evident in patients treated with prednisolone. These diseases did not occur in
      patients who were not treated.

PMID- 685516
TI  - [Importance of the purine components in preserved-blood stabilizers in uremic
      patients and their study on the basis of serum-UV-spectroscopy].
AB  - The presence of adenine and guanosine, respectively, disturbs the detection of
      metabolites carried out with the simple total UV-spectrum as well as with the
      separation chromatographic technique. Since these investigations are used more
      widely, attention should be paid to this point of view. The stored blood taken
      with the ACD-AG-stabilisator has its full value for four days, also on the basis
      of the investigations mentioned, but it is advisable to avoid its application in
      the period of the diagnostic methods using the UV-absorption technique.

PMID- 685517
TI  - [The current state of spinal anesthesia in urologic interventions].
AB  - It is reported on the experiences of several years in 9,400 spinal anaesthesias
      in the urology in patients at an advanced age. Still at present the spinal
      anaesthesia has a dominating position in the urological intervention. Despite
      modern and differenciated anaesthetic methods the importance of the spinal
      anaesthesia is by no means reduced for most urological interventions,
      particularly for the transurethral operation technique, but it rather increased
      during the last years by the new local anaesthetics, by the development of
      thinnest spinal needles, but also the increased knowledge of the dangers of
      general anaesthesia. In urological diagnostics and therapy the spinal anaesthesia
      has still its full right and is less toxic for the patient and has less severe
      complications than the general anaesthesia. However, prerequisites for its use
      are: a) mastery of technique b) full assent of the patient c) psychic guidance of
      the patient during the whole duration of the intervention and d) balanced pre-,
      intra- and postoperative substitution of the volume e) overcoming of the
      established opinion that the spinal anaesthesia has a particular depressing
      effect on circulation and frequently causes post-spinal headache.

PMID- 685519
TI  - Occlusion of the lymph flow to rat popliteal lymph nodes for protracted periods.

PMID- 685518
TI  - [Clinical aspects and treatment of pericardial tamponade in uremic pericarditis].
AB  - On the basis of four cases with chronic glomerulonephritis in the terminal stage
      of renal insufficiency with uraemic pericarditis and tamponade of the
      pericardium, which in one patient developed before and in three patients under
      therapy of haemodialysis the author adopts a definite attitude to the problems of
      development, treatment and prognosis of uraemic pericarditis. For the treatment
      of the tamponade of the pericardium a suction drainage of the pericardium is
      recommended. Apart from this a particularly intensive haemodialytic treatment is
      necessary. After overcome uraemic pericarditis must be reckoned with a
      constriction of the pericardium as late complication which should early be
      treated operatively.

PMID- 685520
TI  - [Dental abnormalities in the Vietnamese belly pig].

PMID- 685521
TI  - [Narcosis with carbon dioxide for short lasting treatment of small research
      animals].

PMID- 685523
TI  - Morphological changes of the kidneys in experimental salmonellosis in rabbits
      evoked by Salmonella agona.

PMID- 685522
TI  - The nictitating membrane/superior cervical ganglion preparation of the rabbit.

PMID- 685524
TI  - Morphological studies on the development of tracheal epithelium in the syrian
      golden hamster. IV. Electron microscopy: blebbing of nuclear membrane.

PMID- 685525
TI  - [Industrial physician and shiftwork].

PMID- 685526
TI  - [Over-time in shift work].

PMID- 685527
TI  - [Economical safety measures in factories with changing shift work].

PMID- 685528
TI  - [Sleep cybernetics in shift work].

PMID- 685529
TI  - [Reply to remarks by Justus Holthaus on the article "Problems of caisson disease"
      in the journal "Zentralblatt fur Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz und Prophylaxe",
      5/1978].

PMID- 685530
TI  - [Disinfection often an illusion].

PMID- 685531
TI  - Microbiological production of acetone-butanol by Clostridium acetobutylicum.
AB  - Trials succeeded in raising the efficiencies of the fermentation medium, used in
      the fermentative production of acetone-butanol by Clostridium acetobutylicum.
      Egyptian black strap molasses (50.0% sugars) was suitable as carbon source in the
      fermentation medium, and (NH4)2SO4 was utilized with great success as inorganic
      nitrogen source. 140.0 g/l black strap molasses (about 7.0% sugars) and 3.0 g/l
      (NH4)2SO4 were the optimum concentrations for obtaining good yields of acetone
      and butanol. Molasses and (NH4)2SO4 were preferred because they are cheaper than
      the other carbon and organic nitrogen sources, used in the fermentative
      production of acetone-butanol. The percentage increase of the total solvents
      produced in the fermentation (production medium) was increased by 64.0. The slop
      (by-product of the acetone-butanol fermentation after distillation) was re-used
      in the fermentation medium as organic nitrogen source and supported the
      microorganisms for a good production of acetone and butanol, while when stillage
      was used in the production medium, the total solvents output was less than that
      produced in the medium containing slop.

PMID- 685532
TI  - Studies on mineralization of nitrogen from slow-acting nitrogen fertilizers--urea
      aldehyde-condensates.

PMID- 685533
TI  - Investigation if inorganic and organic nitrogenous compounds on microbial
      nitrogen fixation with respect to the fixation cycle.
AB  - The effect of inorganic and organic nitrogenous compounds on microbial nitrogen
      fixation with respect to the fixation cycle was investigated. Various nitrogenous
      compounds were added to the nutrient solution in concentrations of 2.5 mM and 5
      mM. After incubation with the bacteria for fifteen days, the nitrogen and carbon
      contents were estimated.

PMID- 685534
TI  - Effect of uranyl and molybdate ions on microbial fixation of nitrogen.
AB  - The addition of molybdate in presence of uranyl acetate causes a considerable
      increase in nitrogen fixation in all the species of nitrogen-fixing Azotobacter,
      studied in this paper, as compared to the case in which these ions are taken
      separately (4, 3).

PMID- 685535
TI  - Effect of Fusarium isolates and their filtrates on respiratory rate and chemical
      analysis of squash plants.
AB  - The highly pathogenic isolate stimulated the emergence of the squash seedlings
      first, caused, however, the highest death rate of the seedlings finally. Fusarium
      isolates and their culture filtrates inhibited the respiratory rate of squash
      plants significantly. However, F. oxysporum isolates inhibited respiration more
      than F. solani isolates. Seasonal changes of respiration decline show that the
      respiratory rate decreased with plant growth in the case of infested soil and of
      plants injected with culture filtrates. However, spraying Fusarium culture
      filtrates on the foliage gave opposite results when the plants grew older.
      Fusarium solani isolates decreased nitrogen content of squash stems and leaves,
      while F. oxysporum isolates gave reverse results. Injecting Fusarium culture
      filtrate into the plant decreased nitrogen content of both stems and leaves,
      while spraying the foliage with the filtrates increased nitrogen content more
      than that of the control. Phosphorus content of the stems of squash plants, sown
      in infested soil, was less than in the control when the plants were treated with
      F. solani and higher when they were treated with F. oxysporum isolates. On the
      other hand, the phosphorus content of squash leaves was higher than in the
      control. In the case of injected plants, however, the phosphorus content in stems
      and leaves was equal to that of the control or less, and with sprayed plants it
      was higher than in the control. Infesting the soil with Fusarium isolates and
      spraying the foliage with their culture filtrates increased potassium content of
      squash stems and leaves, while injecting the filtrates into the plants decreased
      potassium content of both stems and leaves.

PMID- 685536
TI  - [On the effect of some morpholinium compounds on the multiplication of RNA
      viruses (author's transl)].
AB  - In the present paper the authors report about the effect of N,N
      dimethylmorpholinium chloride (DMMC), N,N-dimethyl-2-oxomorpholinium chloride
      (DMOMC), and N,N-diethyl-2-oxomorpholinium chloride (DEOMC) on the multiplication
      of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), potato virus X (PVX), and cucumber mosaic virus
      (CMV) as well as the plaque formation by the RNA phages M 12, f 2, and Qbeta. The
      used morpholinium compounds do not influence strikingly the multiplication of
      phytoviruses. The results found by serological procedure and by bio-assay are
      indicated concordantly by the two methods. The plaque formation by bacteriophages
      is not influenced by DMMC, but enhanced significantly by DMOMC and DEOMC. These
      effects might be caused by the different hydrolytical behaviour of the
      morpholinium compounds tested.

PMID- 685537
TI  - [Studies on cultivation of Asp. niger in n-alkanes (author's transl)].

PMID- 685538
TI  - [Continence of anus praeter -- a problem solved? Erlangen magnetic stoma seal
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Primary or secondary implantation of the Erlangen magnetic stoma seal in case of
      colostomy or ileostomy is technically simple, although it requires a critical
      selection of patients and careful surgical technique. The best follow-up of the
      operated cases should be in the special protological clinics in the hands of
      stoma therapists. About 15% of the cases meet local complications and therefore
      the magnet-ring is explanted. An ideal continence is not always achieved. We hope
      that these patients can be better helped with magnetic stoma seal through further
      development.

PMID- 685539
TI  - [Ambiguous and obscure problems of liver resection (author's transl)].
AB  - On the basis of the authors personal experience of 155 liver resections,
      including 79 anatomical and 76 atypical ones, the paper presents various aspects
      of indications, choice of procedure and of various technical measures. The author
      demonstrates the indisputable advantages of anatomic liver resections over the
      atypic ones, since they permitted to increase the range of surgical aid to the
      liver patients.

PMID- 685540
TI  - [Primary tumours of the small bowel (author's transl)].
AB  - In a period of 21 years we observed 28 tumours of the small bowel (14 benign, 14
      malignant), what comes up to 0.85% of all tumours of the GI-tract seen at our
      hospital. The low rate of incidence of malignomas of the small bowel is supposed
      to be in relation with the carcinogenic indifference of its contents. 60% of the
      cases underwent operations for acute complications, such as ileus or peritonitis.
      Early diagnosis of these tumours is difficult due to their uncharacteristic
      symptoms and the lack of radiographic signs. Only 4 out of the 14 cases with
      malignomas underwent radical surgery. The prognosis of malignant tumours of the
      small bowel is not a good one due to delay of diagnosis, early metastising and
      local involvement of the mesentery. The 5 year survival rate was 22%. Solitary
      benign tumours of the small bowel after their removal have an excellent
      prognosis.

PMID- 685541
TI  - [Prognosis and treatment of obstructing carcinoma of the colon and rectum
      (author's transl)].
AB  - From 1955 up to 1976 we observed 1140 patients with cancer of the colon and
      rectum. Out of these 134 patients had obstruction. Only in 40.3% radical
      resections could be done; mortality rate (22.0%). 54.7% underwent palliative
      procedures, 8% were inoperable. The primary mortality rate of this group came up
      to 62%. Causes were: peritonitis (44.5%), pneumonia (17.3%), pulmonary embolism
      (12.44%). The 5-year survival-rate for patients under 60 years was 31%.

PMID- 685542
TI  - [Vocational rehabilitation after lung resection due to bronchial carcinoma
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Problems of vocational rehabilitation after radical operation of 307 patients
      with bronchial carcinoma, who are still living 3 years after the operation are
      analysed. Preoperative relation of professional groups: Employees 46%, industrial
      workers 28%, independent professions 15%, agricultural professions 11%. The
      success of rehabilitation is dependent on profession extent of resection, and
      other concomitant diseases.

PMID- 685543
TI  - [Failure of pacemakers (author's transl)].
AB  - The number of pacemaker patients is permanently increasing. In case of
      dysfunction of the pacemaker they are demanding emergency care. All doctors
      should be informed about first aid in those cases.

PMID- 685544
TI  - [Controlled drainage of the thoracic duct (author's transl)].
AB  - The technique of the thoracic duct drainage is described. The importance of
      preserving the natural lymph outflow is emphasized. A method of controlled
      thoracic duct drainage is introduced that permits dosaged exteriorization of the
      lymph and additional internal drainage of the lymph into the veins via an
      external bypass for a long period of time. The results of the employment of
      controlled thoracic duct drainage in 33 patients are presented. A clear clinical
      effect was received in 65% of the cases. The authors conclude that controlled
      drainage of the thoracic duct is an effective method of treatment.

PMID- 685545
TI  - [Subcutaneous mastectomy (author's transl)].
AB  - Problems of indication (premalignant disease, difficult check-up, carcinophobia),
      of resection (incomplete, unilateral, compromises) and of breast reconstruction
      (one- or two stage procedure, capsular fibrosis, difficult follow-up) are
      discussed.

PMID- 685546
TI  - ["Carcinoma in situ" of the mammary gland (author's transl)].
AB  - The paper summarizes the available knowledge on the so-called "cancer in situ" of
      the mammary gland. In 1960 to 1975 61 patients were operated on at the Institute.
      The diagnosis "carcinoma in situ"--was not established before a microscopic study
      of the removed specimen was conducted. Following sectoral resections of the
      mammary gland fur "carcinoma in situ" two patients developed cancer in other
      quadrants of the gland: one--after 45 years, the other after 15 years. The
      authors believe the term "carcinoma in situ" to be improper for clinical practice
      due to its inherent contradiction, which not infrequently results in diagnostic,
      therapeutic and organisational errors.

PMID- 685547
TI  - [Revascularisation in peripheral vascular occlusions (author's transl)].
AB  - The 240 reconstructions of the femoral artery, performed within the last 4 1/2
      years, involved 26 patients (27 bypasses) with combined femoral and peripheral
      vascular occlusions. The bypasses were connected with a segment of either the
      popliteal or the tibial artery. There was no operative mortality. The mean period
      of follow-up was 13 months: 18 of the bypasses were patent (2 patients died with
      open bypass), while 7 bypasses occluded (3 patients died). The authors feel, that
      isolated artery segment should always be explored. Only an autogenous vein graft
      should be implanted.

PMID- 685548
TI  - [Diabetic angiopathy (author's transl)].
AB  - Clinical findings of diabetic antgiopathy are usually caused by micro- and
      macroangiopathy and neuropathy. Predominant in this disease is the acral lesion.
      Differentialtherapy of diabetic angiopathy needs experience and patience of the
      attending physician and the patient.

PMID- 685549
TI  - [The traumatic broncho-biliary fistula].

PMID- 685550
TI  - [Reintervention after infection as a complication after medullary nailing
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 685551
TI  - [The problem of infection in alloplastichip-replacement (author's transl)].
AB  - The total hip protheses implanted (THP) in two different operation periods (156
      THP till September 174, 577 THP from October 1974 till December 1976) is
      evaluated under the aspect of infection and the influence on the rate of
      infection by different factors is emphasized. The rate of infection could be
      decreased from 7.1 per cent to 2.4 per cent adaquate measures.

PMID- 685552
TI  - [Blunt abdominal trauma.--analysis of 201 cases (author's transl)].
AB  - 201 blunt abdominal traumata treated clinically at the surgical department of the
      Medical Academy in Erfurt from 1967 to 1976 are reported: No increase of blunt
      abdominal traumata within the period of the report in spite of considerable
      growth of trafficdensity and industrialization could be observed.--The percentage
      of severe secundary injuries remained approximately constant, too.--Intestinal
      lesions, combined hepatolienal ruptures caused the highest mortality  especially
      in combination with severe craniocerebral lesions.

PMID- 685553
TI  - [Management of septic processes on the fingers].

PMID- 685554
TI  - [Intrauterine diagnosis of fetal sex from maternal peripheral blood].
AB  - Authors worked out on basis of previous investigations the possibility of
      prediction of fetal sex from maternal blood smear. The security rate of their
      method is 88.3 percent. The further progress of the exactness of their technique
      seems to be solvable.

PMID- 685555
TI  - [Effect on the cardiovascular system of a 3.5% gelatin infusion solution
      Gelafusal in hypertensive women in late pregnancy].
AB  - Using the method of quantitative sphygmometry with bloodless graphic recording of
      the arterial blood pressure and direct electronic timing of the pulse wave
      velocity the behaviour of the cardiovascular system in 10 hypertensive late
      pregnant women was examined before, during and after the intravenous infusion of
      500 ml of a 3,5% gelatinous infusion solution (Gelafusal) given within 30
      minutes. There is a mild and transient expansion of the plasma volume. Arterial
      blood pressure, stroke volume, cardiac output and total peripheral resistance
      remain constant nearly. Consequently the employment of Gelafusal in hypertensive
      late pregnant women is possible without making worse the arterial hypertension.

PMID- 685556
TI  - [A rare form of oscillation].
AB  - Two clinical pictures of a serous fetal distress are represented. The
      oscillations, registrated by means of phonocardiography, showed a so far no
      described automatism. The corresponding CTG's are discussed.

PMID- 685557
TI  - [Fetal retardation and its diagnosis].
AB  - Cerebral malnutrition as well as a markedly increased rate of lethal
      malformations constitute the major problems of retardation. During the daily
      routine the question "retardation of growth or premature birth" poses itself time
      and again. Different methods of determining the period of gestation are being
      discussed: Two of the best methods used in combination during the last trimester
      of gestation are: 1. L/S-ratio-creatinine-ultrasonics, 2. creatinine-ultrasonics.
      But none of these methods is as efficient as the ultrasonic diagnosis in the
      first trimester of pregnancy (amniotic cavity, length of the foetus). The
      earliest possible examination of all pregnancies by ultrasonography is highly
      recommended. This method generally allows for a differentiation in symmetrical
      assymmetrical retardation of fetal growth. The author introduces different
      ultrasonic parameters and their limit of error for the middle and last trimester.
      The exclusive measurement of the biparietal diameter should belong to the past,
      one should strive to obtain the combination of two measurements. He recommends
      the combination of head and abdominal measurements as well as the combination
      index including the hight of the truncus; the determination of the measurements
      of the placenta is to be rejected. The author is hopeful that by improved
      technology the thickness of the subcutaneous fatty tissue can be measured in the
      future.

PMID- 685558
TI  - [Intrapartal retrograde jejunogastric invagination after gastrectomy].
AB  - This is a case report on a rare intrapartum complication consisting of a
      jejunogastric invagination 17 years after gastrectomy. The clinical systoms such
      as pain and tender mass in the epigastric region as well as vomiting are similar
      to an ileus. Immediate interdepartmental consultation is essential because of the
      very high mortality rate in case of diagnostic failure. Several possible reasons
      for the invagination are being discussed. The increased intraabdominal pressure
      during labor is most probably responsible for this life threatening event.

PMID- 685559
TI  - [Use of the inhalation anesthetics nitrous oxide and halothane in obstetrics].
AB  - By means of the literature of the latest years the advantages are discuss of
      nitrous oxide as analgesic and base anesthetic and of Halothan in the obstetrics.
      -Nitrous oxide can be regarded as especially favourable under consideration of a
      high PO2 proportion of the mother and under to the avoidance. Halothan is known
      as an optimal inhalation anesthetic for the inhibition of the intensive pain
      activity with the danger that can tear the uterus and is used successfully when
      intrauterine operations with desirable relaxing of uterus.--It has to be
      perferred the beta-adrenergicum Partusisten under the birth in danger because of
      its good manageableness.

PMID- 685560
TI  - [Experiences wit the Nile-blue sulfate test in the determination of the degree of
      fetal maturity].

PMID- 685561
TI  - [Value of ultrasonic fetometry for fetal monitoring in diabetes mellitus].
AB  - Evaluation of ultrasonic fetometry in diabetic pregnancy. In 51 cases we have
      carried out 134 ultrasonic investigations. The diabetes we classified to the
      score of White A--F. To evaluate the increase in fetal weight and the maturity in
      a qualified sense, we measured the biparietal diameter, the transversal and the
      sagital diameter of the thorax and the trunk length. The findings were registered
      into diagrams of our percentiles of development.--The fetopathia diabetica will
      be diagnosed right, if it is joint with fetal hypertrophy. The beginning of the
      macrosomia of the fetus is possible to recognize from the 32th week of gestation.

PMID- 685562
TI  - [The question of the innervation of the umbilical cord].
AB  - By supravital Methylenbluestaining a dense network of vegetative nerve fibres is
      demonstrated in the adventitia arround the arteries of the umbilical cord. Some
      of these nerve fibres are of cholinergic nature.

PMID- 685563
TI  - [Measurement of intrauterine pressure during extra-amnial induced abortion with
      prostaglandin F2 alpha].
AB  - There was given Pg F2 alpha extraamnially and intracavitary to thirty firstgravid
      nulliparae of the eleventh, twelfth, thirteenth or fourteenth week of pregnancy
      and there were taken through measurements of the intrauterine pressure in labour.
      The uterine activity was measured in Montevideo-Units. We registered labour
      duration, number of labours, amplitude and basal tonus. During the time of
      observation we attained a basal tonus of 30 +/- 10 mm Hg, a number of labours
      from 8 to 13 within 10 minutes, Montevideo-Units of 600 +/- 100 and a labour
      duration of about 45 seconds in 65% of the cases. The types of labour number 1
      and 2 were predominant. In these cases we were able to demonstrate optimal
      clinical results in cases of Pg F2 alpha induction.--The meaning of Pg F2 alpha
      (extraamnially) for the induction of abortion will be discussed.

PMID- 685564
TI  - [Large paraumbilical hernia and pregnancy. Case report].
AB  - A case of big parumbilical hernia in pregnancy is reported. The hernial sac was
      filled out by the corpus of the uterus. In the second half of pregnancy the
      abruption as well as the hernial operation is indicated only in case of need. At
      term the primary caesarian section with the supracervical amputation of the
      uterus and the operative correction of the hernia were performed.

PMID- 685565
TI  - [Relationship of time interval between steroid therapy and labor to the incidence
      of respiratory distress syndrome].
AB  - The authors used Dexamethasone before delivery in 577 cases of pregnancy. There
      were 460 prematurities. Occurrence of RDS was significantly lower in cases, where
      delivery took place more than 48 hours after the steroid treatment. Where the
      steroid effect was not optimum (48 hours), the RDS was similar to that of the
      control group, although mild in form. In their studies they found no connection
      between the tocolysis (Partusisten) and the occurence of RDS. They emphasize that
      in the cases where respiratory insufficiencies are predisponated (elective
      caesarean section, diabetes mellitus etc.) the steroids significantly reduce the
      frequency of the disease. Neither the number of apoplexy nor that of death due to
      infections increase in dexamethasone treatment.

PMID- 685566
TI  - [Amniocentesis with free needle guidance following pinpointing using ultrasonic
      compound scan].
AB  - There is reported about 106 amniocenteses between 28th and 40th week of pregnancy
      after previous investigation and marking of the point of puncture on the abdomen
      of the pregnant woman by means of investigation the point with ultrasonic
      compoundscan. The angle of puncture method is found out and the maximum and
      minimum infiltration intensity. Complications have not been observed. That
      technique makes possible a high security for puncture and excellent puncture
      results.

PMID- 685567
TI  - [Dexamethasone-induced fetal lung maturation and the simultaneous control of MPL
      secretion of the placenta].
AB  - 24 mothers were given 4.0 mg. of dexamethasone one times daily for 3 days during
      the last trimester of pregnancy. Serial serum human placental lactogen (HPL)
      determinations were made by radioimmunoassay before, during and post the
      treatment. Dexamethasone did not change the HPL level.

PMID- 685568
TI  - [Experimental contribution on the biochemical study of normal and pathologic
      (diabetes) lung maturation in the Wister rat].
AB  - This is a research on the pulmonary normal and pathological (Diabetes) maturity
      of the WISTAR's Rat. To do that we have chosen 6 lots of rats. The animals were
      sacrificed by killing them up to 15., 18. and 21. days of pregnancy, then we
      removed the amniotic liquid from each rat to know or find out the
      lecithin/sphingomyelin and creatinin relations or reports.

PMID- 685569
TI  - [Determination of the prospective time of labor using ultrasonic fetometry].
AB  - The prediction of the date of delivery by ultrasonic fetometry.--On the basis of
      the biparietal diameter the accuracy of the prediction of the term amounts to
      87.3% within +/- 15 days in patients with unknown last menstrual period. The
      result can be improved by examination in the second trimester, controls of
      progress and by truncometry.

PMID- 685570
TI  - [Report on unusual fetal presentation anomaly--the dolphin presentation].

PMID- 685572
TI  - [Relationship between social characteristics and behavior in pregnancy].
AB  - From 1973 to 1975 five hundred Berlin women have been questioned in puerperum.
      The authors seeked for possible differences in pregnancy behaviour during planned
      and unplanned gravidity. 40% of the women had an unplanned pregnancy. A higher
      fraction of unplanned pregnancies was found in young, unmarried women being under
      education, women without profession, plurigravids, and those who had never taken
      the anti baby pill.--In 5 of 8 parameters there were no differences in behaviour
      between planned and unplanned pregnancies (nourishment, use of drugs without
      doctor's order, coffee, alcohol, cohabitation near term).--In the group of
      planned pregnancy more mothers drank sufficient quantities of milk, read books
      about pregnancy and delivery, and smoked less. But the differences are small.
      Therefore the authors don't believe that fact of unplanned pregnancy is a
      considerable factor of risk for fetus and newborn.

PMID- 685571
TI  - [Delta pH F changes sub partu and their clinical relevance].
AB  - Investigations of delta pHF-changes in labor led to the opinion, that there exist
      no agreement between this changes and the fetal or neonatal condition.
      Nevertheless they represent an important criterion--together with electronic
      parameters--for estimation of placental function. By achievment of limiting
      values (delta pHF greater than or equal to 0,10) and persistent pathological
      fetal heart rate patterns the termination of labor is necessary. A pHF less than
      7,25 should no be reached. That ist of great importance for a low acidotic
      morbidity.--In this connection the determination of pHF to begin of the fetal
      monitoring is requisite. This is meaningful for the dynamics of pHF-values in
      labor in accordance with the fetal monitoring.

PMID- 685573
TI  - [The chorionepithelioma as a rare cause of acute abdomen. Case report].

PMID- 685574
TI  - [Curettage during puerperium and its late consequences].
AB  - The authors examined data of 160 cases of puerperal curettage. The histological
      examination proved placental residue in 15,61 per cent, decidual residue in 65,61
      per cent of the patients. It was a very important finding that the histological
      examination proved the presence of acute (66 patients), subacute and chronic (23
      patients) inflammation, but the patients had no symptoms that would indicate
      endometritis. 71,86 per cent of the curettage were performed in the 2nd to 4th
      week of puerperium. Follow-up examinations were made in 69 patients in a period
      up to 1--5 years after the post-partal curettage. Out of the 69 patients only 14
      were free of complications, 32 of them had amenorrhoe or hypomenorrhoe, 20
      suffered from Asherman's syndrome (intrauterine synechiae).--49 of the patients
      intended delivery, but 22 were infertile. The authors' own principles on the
      treatment and prevention of puerperal hemorrhage are also summed up.

PMID- 685575
TI  - [Abortion induced by prostaglandin F 2 alpha in risk patients].
AB  - For 245 cases of risk the intermittend extraamnial Prostaglandin F 2 alpha
      application was used for medicamentous dilatation of the cervix when carrying out
      the legal abortion in the I. trimenon. The low morbidity rate of 3% in cases of
      legal abortion as well as the preventive method of dilatation are able to prevent
      disturbances of fertility. Especially for all the young primigravidae we hope for
      a diminution of the cervix insufficiencies in the following desired gravidity.-
      In contrast to this, the danger of bacterial contamination as well as the burden
      onto the cervix' holding and supporting function up to the complete abortion are
      much higher with Prostaglandininductions.--The low doses of 3 mg Prostaglandin F
      2 alpha for medicamentous dilatation of the cervix and economical advantages let
      this method be recommended as a method of selection for cases of legal abortion
      with risk.

PMID- 685576
TI  - [Dermatitis as an expression of progesterone hypersensitivity (autoimmune
      disease)].
AB  - By means of a report on a 39-years-old woman with cyclic eruption of dermatosis
      in praemenstruum, was caused by progesterone-sensitivity. The problem is
      discussed of this autoimmune-disease. It is supposed that this autoimmune
      progesterone-mechanism may be of importance in gynecology.

PMID- 685577
TI  - [Experiences with clomiphene therapy of endocrine sterility].
AB  - Two hundred seventy-three infertile women with disturbances of the menstrual
      cycle were treated with clomiphene citrate a level of 50 or 100 mg daily for 5
      days, or even--in cases of therapeutic failure--of 150 or 200 mg daily. According
      to the experiences of other authors the results indicate that conception can be
      obtained in a rate between 35 and 40%. The frequent occurence of additional
      factors diminishing fertility, however, reduces this relatively favorable
      pregnancy rate to a level of 30% under the conditions of practice. Patients with
      ovulatory failures, secondary amenorrhoe associated with sufficient endogenic
      estrogen secretion, and luteal insufficiencies respond most favorably to
      clomiphene citrate. If the preovulatory cervical mucus reaction is missed, the
      additional application of an estrogen preparation, in cases of repeated luteal
      phase defects the combination of clomiphene with HCG is recommended.

PMID- 685578
TI  - [Prevention of thromboembolism in surgical gynecology].
AB  - It is reported on the prophylaxis of thromboembolic diseases with acetylsalicylic
      acid (Micristin) in gynaecological surgery. The number of thromboembolic
      complications clinically ascertained was diminished from 3,25% (without
      Micristin) to 0,82% (with Micristin). Side effects were rarely observed,
      laboratory control was not necessary, Low-dose-heparin-prophylaxis were executed
      on contraindications and incompatibilities of Micristin. The perioperative use of
      low doses of heparin combined with postoperative use of oral anticoagulants on
      patients with increased risk of thromboembolism are discussed.

PMID- 685579
TI  - [Occupational pathology at the principal plants of the chemical industry in
      Armenia].

PMID- 685580
TI  - [Functional properties of leukocytes in experimental convulsive seizures].

PMID- 685581
TI  - [Concentration of several neuroactive amino acids in different regions of the
      brain in experimental hypoparathyroidism].

PMID- 685582
TI  - [Combined effect of anesthesia and burn injuries on lipid peroxidation].

PMID- 685583
TI  - [Combined effect of peroxidated unsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E on the
      activity of rat liver tryptophan pyrrolase].

PMID- 685584
TI  - [Submicroscopic structure of myocardial capillary walls in normal mice and mice
      treated with nerve tissue growth factor ].

PMID- 685585
TI  - [Effect of two antineoplastic compounds of the
      alkoxybenzylpyrimidylamidophosphoric acid diethyleneimide group on normal
      hematopoiesis and immunobiologic reactivity].

PMID- 685586
TI  - [Effect of several antineoplastic compounds on the carbohydrate metabolism of
      transplanted tumors].

PMID- 685587
TI  - [Late metastases in cancer of the large intestine].

PMID- 685588
TI  - [Histamine concentration, histaminase activity and the histaminopexic index in
      systemic progressive sclerosis].

PMID- 685589
TI  - [Immunostimulating BCG therapy in experimental burns].

PMID- 685590
TI  - [Effect of gangliosides on the activity of lactate dehydrogenase and its
      isoenzyme spectrum in rat cerebral cortex].

PMID- 685591
TI  - [Comparative characteristics of the angioarchitectonics of the cortical portions
      of several human analyzer systems ].

PMID- 685592
TI  - [Cytochemical changes in lymphocytes in the blood of children with
      glomerulonephritis].

PMID- 685593
TI  - [Pathogenicity of staphylococci in children with nonspecific pneumonias].

PMID- 685594
TI  - [Causes and clinical features of secondary syphilis].

PMID- 685595
TI  - [Effect of vitamin E on tryptophan pyrrolase activity in the rat liver in burn
      trauma].

PMID- 685596
TI  - [Nature of the output of endogenous inhibitors of postvaccinal antibody genesis
      to the internal and intramuscular administration of benzylpenicillin].

PMID- 685597
TI  - [Intravenous and intrahypothalamic action of serotonin on the vascular
      thermoregulatory reaction and on body heat metabolic indices].

PMID- 685598
TI  - [Basic properties of the hypothalamic neurosecretory cells. I. The isochronism of
      the formation of the dual functions of the hypothalamic neurosecretory cells in
      rat embryonic ontogeny].

PMID- 685599
TI  - [Relationship between chemical structure and coronary dilating action in a number
      of 3-methoxy-4-aminoalkoxybenzoic acid esters].

PMID- 685600
TI  - [Comparative morphobiochemical study of the changes in the stomach wall in
      experimental ulcer under the use of Quateron].

PMID- 685601
TI  - [Complication of diabetes by chronic pyelonephritis].

PMID- 685602
TI  - [Histocytomorphological characteristics of cancer of the skin appendages].

PMID- 685603
TI  - [Ultrastructural changes in the kidney, caused by the action of whooping cough
      microbes].

PMID- 685604
TI  - [Change in juxtaglomerular apparatus activity in chronic renal insufficiency in
      the process of hemodialysis treatment].

PMID- 685605
TI  - [Indices of the blood acid-base state in parturients and fetuses in premature
      bursting of waters].

PMID- 685606
TI  - [Arteriolovenular anastomoses in the dura matter of the human spinal cord].

PMID- 685607
TI  - [Combined infarct of the brain in the basin of the middle and anterior cerebral
      arteries].
AB  - The report contains a description of the morphology, pathogenesis and clinical
      picture of combined brain infarctions in 16 cases developing in the basin of the
      middle and anterior arteries. The mechanisms of their development are discussed:
      thrombosis, thrombembolia of the middle and anterior brain arteries and their
      branches, pressure of the cortical branches in the anterior brain artery by the
      lower edge of the large crescentic process of the dura mater.

PMID- 685608
TI  - [Chronic cerebral vascular insufficiency in patients with the Leriche syndrome
      (clinico-electrophysiologic studies)].

PMID- 685609
TI  - [Atherosclerosis of the major extra- and intracranial cerebral arteries in
      persons engaged in physical and intellectual work].
AB  - The authors conducted a visual-planimetric study of the magistral arteries,
      supplying the brain in 152 deceased individuals, where the intensity of
      atherosclerosis was studied in comparison to people of physical and intellectual
      work. The compared groups were identical for sex, age and the main disease. In
      people of physical work the intracranial arteries demonstrate either no changes
      or only lipoid spots in them. In people of intellectual work there were fibrous
      plaques. In extracranial arteries there were no differences in the frequency of
      atherosclerotic changes in the compared groups. The general area of
      atherosclerotic changes (as well as the area of eminental lesions and fibrous
      plaques) in the arteries of the Willisi circle was significantly larger in people
      of intellectual work than in people of physical work. There were no significant
      differences between the two compared groups according to the area of
      atherosclerotic lesions in the extracranial brain arteries.

PMID- 685610
TI  - [Clinical picture and several histochemical changes in the brain in cerebral
      rheumovasculitis].
AB  - A clinical study of 70 patients with cerebral rheumovasculitis permitted the
      author to distinguish 3 forms of the disease: with a diffuse, mild focal and
      crude focal neorological symptomatology. Their dependence upon the somatical
      signs is demonstrated, a successional development of nervous system lesions,
      treatment and its effectiveness. The histochemical studies in different brain
      areas in patients with crude focal neorological symptomatology demonstrated
      allergic, metabolic and inflammatory changes in the vascular walls, accompanied
      by hemodynamical changes and deep dystrophy of the neurons and nervous fibres, as
      well as productive reaction of the astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglial
      elements.

PMID- 685611
TI  - [Lesions of the central and peripheral nervous systems in rheumatoid arthritis].
AB  - Using morhological, neurohistological and histochemical methods the author
      studied different areas and anatomical structures of the central and peripheral
      somatic and vegetative nervous system in 4 patients who had died during different
      periods of rheumatoid arthritis at the age of 27, 48, 51, and 60. The studies
      demonstrated symptoms of disorganization of the connective tissue in the sheaths
      and walls of vessels (mainly in the microcirculatory bed), lymphoid histocyte
      infiltrates, rheumatoid nodules and nonspecific changes of neurocytes and
      conductors. The paper contains a description of the main form of lesions in
      rheumatoid, arthritis of the nervous system.

PMID- 685612
TI  - [Clinico-morphologic features of subacute anterior poliomyelitis].
AB  - The paper deals with clinical and morphological studies of 2 cases with subacute
      anterior poliomyelitis. The authors attract special attention to the development
      of flaccid pareses with a simultaneous inhibition of tendinous and periosteal
      reflexes, the absence of any pyramidal signs during the entire disease and a
      clear prevalence of degeneration in spinal cord motoneurons in the cervical and
      thoracel parts and their preservation in the brain cortex. These symptoms are
      distinctive signs from the poliomyelitic variant of the amyotrophic lateral
      sclerosis.

PMID- 685613
TI  - [Changes in the central nervous system in acute viral respiratory infections].
AB  - On the basis of a clinico-morphological analysis of 50 cases with acute
      respiratory viral infections, developing clinically with brain symptoms, the
      authors distinguish 2 main factors, influencing their development. The main
      factors consist in a evicious circles of respiratory disorders which causes the
      appearance of toxico-hypoxic encephalopathy. Encephalitis of an immuno-allergic
      nature are seen less frequently and may appear soon after acute respiratory viral
      infections. Histologically there are 2 forms of allergic encephalitis: 1) with
      perivascular lymphocyte infiltration and 2) hemorrhagical. The second form
      differs clinically from the first by apoplectic-like development with a coma and
      rapid short course. Both forms of poctinfluenza allergic encephalitis differ from
      encephalopathy in the fact that they develop not during the crucial phase of
      acute respiratory infection, but follow 1-2 weeks. The morphological differences
      of hemmorrhagical forms of poctinfluenza allergic encephalitis from from
      encephalopathy are characterized by intensive perivascular hemorrhages with a
      tendency towards their fusion; by changes in the vascular walls; by an appearance
      of small foci of colliquative necrosis and demyelinization.

PMID- 685614
TI  - [Endocrine myopathies. Muscular lesions in thyrotoxicosis].
AB  - The authors studied 42 patients with endocrine myopathy. In thyrotoxic myopathy
      prevalent muscle lesions of the pelvic girdle and femur were found. EMG studies
      (with the aid of point electrodes), histological and histochemical studies of the
      muscles in patients with thyrotoxicosis indicate a primary muscular character of
      the atrophies. The report contains descriptions of pathomorphological and
      histochemical changes in the muscles in experimental thyrotoxic myopathy.

PMID- 685615
TI  - [Electron microscopic characteristics of several changes in neurons in
      schizophrenia (shriveling and acute swelling)].

PMID- 685616
TI  - [Ultrastructural features of cerebral synapses in schizophrenic patients].
AB  - The paper is concerned with ultrastructural traits of synapses in the frontal
      lobe, supraoptical nucleus of the hypothalamus and caudal nucleus of the brain in
      12 schizophrenic patients and 8 normals (the period of autopsy was 4 hours
      following death). The results demonstrated 2 types of changes: 1) slightly
      expressed changes (a decrease of the extent of active zone contacts, changed
      forms in the synaptical vesicles); 2) extremely expressed or degenerative changes
      in the synapses (an appearance of fibrillar structures, glycogene granules,
      degeneration of synaptical endings of a dark type).

PMID- 685617
TI  - [Pathologic anatomy and pathogenesis of focal pneumonias in mental patients of
      late middle and advanced age].
AB  - The author studied 128 postmortem cases with focal pneumonia in mental patients
      (74 cases) and normals (54 control cases) at old age. In the main group there was
      a significant lesion of the bronchial tree, a polysegmental nature of pneumonia
      with a frequent localization of the process in the 10, 9, 6 and 2 segments of the
      lungs, expressed changes in the fibrillar structures, a drop in the immunological
      reactivity, atypical clinical development. Pneumonia in old age and especially in
      mental patients has an important thanatogenetical significance. In its
      pathogenesis special attention should be paid to the state of defensive
      mechanisms in respiratory organs, to the etiology of pneumonia and the level of
      immunological reactivity in such patients.

PMID- 685618
TI  - [Several characteristic senile dementia morphologic changes in the brain and
      their corresponding neuropsychological syndromes].
AB  - A pathohistological study of the brain in 23 cases of senile dementia detected
      that the loss of a significant amount of neurons of the II and III layers in the
      cortex of the frontal and occipital lobes was accompanied by foci of destruction
      in the knee and intumescentia of the corpus callosum as well as by a destruction
      of the long associative connections in the fascicles, connecting the frontal and
      occipital lobes of the same hemisphere. Such phenomena were not found in normal
      individuals of old age nor in mental patients with other diseases. A
      neuropsychological study of 21 patients with senile dementia demonstrated that a
      lesion of these brain structures may correspond to dynamical apraxia, visual
      agnosis and a disturbance of bimanuel reciprocal coordination.

PMID- 685619
TI  - [Pathologic anatomy of the neurolipidoses].
AB  - The authors give a description of 2 cases (sibs) with neurolipidosis of the group
      of amaurotic idiocy. There was an atypicity of the clinical and pathomophological
      picture: prolonged development of the disease (24 and 29 years, with an onset at
      3-4 years), the absence of ocular changes, a massive lesion of the cortex in
      relative preservation of the subcortical areas, brain stem and cerebellum. The
      perspectiveness of a comprehensive clinico-morphological study is discussed in
      the interpretation of the genesis of different forms of neurolipidosis.

PMID- 685620
TI  - [Biochemical characteristics of cerebral cortex neurocyte development following
      early exclusion of photic afferentation].

PMID- 685621
TI  - [Distribution of acetylcholinesterase in different regions of the human brain
      according to light and electron cytochemical findings].
AB  - On the basis of cytochemical studies the author presents some data, concerning
      the distribution of acetycholinesterase in the structures of human brain nervous
      tissues on the photo-optical and ultrastructural levels. There were some
      differences in the distribution of enzymes in the different brain areas. There
      were also some special traits in the cytochemical reactions to
      acethylcholinestherase in connection with the processes of postmortal autolysis
      and the state of the brain taken for studies. It is assumed that there are 2
      forms of acethylcholinestherase in the cells--connected and not connected with
      the membranes. The author discusses some problems of the synaptical and barrier
      functions of acetylcholinestherase in the brain as well as the functional
      significance of the cholinergic system of mediation in relation to its
      distribution in different brain areas.

PMID- 685622
TI  - [Dynamics of changes in the ultrastructure of hypothalamic nerve cells in acute
      morphine poisoning].
AB  - In order to study the dynamics of submicroscopical changes in the paraventricular
      and supraoptical nuclei of the hypothalamus the authors studied with the aid of
      electron microscopic methods 12 white rats of the Wistar line. Such studies were
      performed in different periods after acute intoxication by middle toxic doses of
      morphine. Following 30 min after the injection the nervous cells demonstrated
      moderately expressed ultrastructural changes of a chromatolytical type.
      Chromatolysis after 60 min was increased and it was accompanied by focal
      destruction of the cytoplasma. After 48 hours following acute intoxication the
      changes of the nervous cells were characterized by a prevalent increase of the
      granular components, that formed the picture of a functional hyperchromatosis.
      These changes indicate to a tendency to rehabilitation of damaged structures.

PMID- 685623
TI  - [Ultrastructural changes in capillaries of the cerebral cortex during ischemia].
AB  - Electron microscopic studies of dynamic capillary changes demonstrated a tendency
      towards a progressive decrease of the diameter or a complete occlusion by
      thrombs. Acute disorders of microcirculation due to a bilateral ligation of
      common carotid arteries lead not only to different reactions of the capillaries,
      but to destructive changes in the capillary endothelium. As a result of the
      developing ischemia, hypoxia has an important pathogenetical significance in
      disorders of circulation, inasmuch as it exerts influence not only on the nervous
      tissue, but on the capillaries leading to their dysfunction, an increase of the
      wall permeability and oedema. The easily developing oedema in conditions of
      hypoxia, evokes further lesions of the brain tissue which concerns the
      ultrastructure of cell elements in the whole system: capillaries, glia, neuron.

PMID- 685624
TI  - Stimulation of L-ornithine and S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylases by beta-(p
      chlorophenyl)-gamma-aminobutyric acid in mouse tissues.
AB  - Injections of beta-(p--chlorophenyl)-gamma-aminobutyric acid caused a monophasic
      stimulation of the activity of neural L-ornithine decarboxylase, to reach a
      maximum of 9-fold compared with the control values 3 h after treatment.
      Stimulation of hepatic L-ornithine decarboxylase was biphasic, the activity
      reaching its first peak, 48-fold compared with the control values, similarly at
      about 3 h after administration, and returning to its initial level by 4 h, and
      rising to a second peak, about one-third of the magnitude of the first, about 25
      h after the injection. The effect in the adrenal gland of the mouse was
      multiphasic, reaching its maximum, 94-fold enzyme activity compared with the
      control values, 7--8 h after treatment. There were also marked fluctuations in
      the activity of S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase in the tissues examined.

PMID- 685625
TI  - Immunological and binding studies on chloroform--methanol extracts from
      electroplax of Torpedo marmorata and from rat brain cortex. Comparison of the
      material solubilized by organic solvents with the receptor proteins solubilized
      by detergents.
AB  - We have investigated a chloroform--methanol extracted material from electric
      organ of Torpedo marmorata with respect to binding of [3H]-acetyl-alpha
      neurotoxin and [3H]-acetylcholine. No binding was observed which is in contrast
      to observations with detergent extracted receptor. Further, no crossreactivity
      could be demonstrated between the chloroform--methanol extracted proteolipid and
      antibodies against the detergent extracted receptor. Labelling in the membrane
      with [3H]-acetyl-alpha-neurotoxin before extraction with chloroform--methanol
      gave a very low yield of extracted labelled compound. The protein yield is about
      0.3% of the total in the homogenate and only 0.04% of the specifically bound
      neurotoxin. Using the alkylating affinity label [3H]-N-propylbenzilylcholine
      mustard (1) and also [3H]-atropine, which both bind, at low concentrations,
      specifically to the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, binding was studied to the
      chloroform--methanol extracted proteolipid from rat brain cortex. No specific
      binding could, however, be demonstrated. Prelabelling in the membrane with 1 and
      subsequent extraction with chloroform--methanol gave a protein yield of about 1%
      and an extraction of 26% of the specifically bound label.

PMID- 685626
TI  - Effect of lead poisoning on the thiamine status and function in liver and blood
      of rats.
AB  - Three groups of Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a thiamine deficient diet, which was
      supplemented by daily subcutaneous injections of a minimum requirement of
      thiamine, and treated with lead(II) acetate in different molar ratios to thiamine
      (1:1, 2:1, 10:1) for 5 and 9 months, respectively. The prolonged administration
      of lead(II) acetate decreases the thiamine level in lead-treated rats and
      diminishes the enzymatic activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase as well as that of
      transketolase. The thiamine level in the liver decreased by 30 to 40% compared
      with a reference group and the activity of the erythrocyte transketolase
      diminished by 5 to 40%. The level of the blood pyruvate increased by about 20%
      and the rate of the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate by liver mitochondria
      decreased.

PMID- 685627
TI  - A morphological study of the effects of colcemid on head regeneration in Dugesia
      dorotocephala.

PMID- 685628
TI  - Surface glycoproteins in the regenerating corneal epithelium of Triturus
      cristatus.

PMID- 685629
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy of aggregates of cells from normal embryos and
      lithium-induced exogastrulae of Xenopus laevis.

PMID- 685630
TI  - Cell proliferation and size variability of anatomical structures. A theoretic
      analysis of the effects of random variability in cell proliferation.

PMID- 685631
TI  - "Delayed metamorphosis" (DM), a recessive subvital mutation affecting development
      and metamorphosis of Xenopus laevis tadpoles.

PMID- 685632
TI  - [Vagotomy: present state (author's transl)].

PMID- 685633
TI  - [Hepatorenal syndrome; current concept (author's transl)].

PMID- 685634
TI  - [Sudden cardiac death in patients with pacemakers].
AB  - The risk of sudden death in our material, is 13.6% of all deaths. 2. In 5
      patients (1.6%) death was caused by failure of the pacemaker (PM), or the
      electrode. 3. Patients with an asynchronous PM have no higher risk for sudden
      death, than patients with demand PM. 4. In 9 of 44 patients, a dysfunction of the
      PM or electrode, can not be excluded. Thus, it must be strictly advised in all
      patients with an implanted PM, that an autopsy and control of the explanted PM
      and electrode should be performed. 5. Patients who have a higher risk for sudden
      death (total AV-Block, Adams-Stokes-Attacks) should be kept hospitalized at least
      4 weeks after implantation, controlled more frequently than others, and should be
      labelled as high risk patients in their PM passport. 6. Control of the resistance
      in the patients circuit can detect impending failure of the electrode and prevent
      life threatening complications.

PMID- 685635
TI  - [Control studies on retired lead workers].
AB  - Nine lead-workers, with an exposure time of 26 years, are investigated 10 years,
      after they had retired. There are no differences in the blood-count, hemoglobin,
      blood-lead level, urin-delta-aminolevulinic-acid, urincoproporphyrin and delta
      aminolevulinic-acid-dehydratase-activity in their blood, upon comparison with a
      control group without lead-exposure. The mean urinary excretion of lead (0.119
      mumol/g Kreatinin = 24 microgram/g Kr.) was 8 times higher than of reached by the
      controls (0.014 mumol/g Kr. = 2.7 microgram/g Kr.). The injection of CaNa2-EDTA
      increased the lead excretion to 0.197 mumol/g Kr. = 40.8 microgram/g Kr., in the
      control group 0.123 mumol/g Kr. - 25.7 microgram/g Kr. (62%). Therefore these two
      investigations are recommended for detection of previous lead exposure.

PMID- 685636
TI  - [Pacemaker failure due to postcardiotomy syndrome--case report].
AB  - A failure of the sensing function of a pacemaker with a sutureless myocardial
      lead caused by postcardiotomy syndrome, is reported. The pacemaker failure
      appeared on the sixth postoperative day and disappeared after healing of the
      syndrome. Attention is called to the possibility of a postcardiotomy syndrome
      causing a pacemaker failure.

PMID- 685637
TI  - [Diurnal variations of human serum amino acid concentration].
AB  - In 5 healthy persons, as well as in 9 hospitalized patients with Parkinsonism and
      without metabolic disorders, diurnal variations of the concentrations of amino
      acids are determined in blood serum. It has been found that in addition to the
      peaks due to the digestion after meals, another peak in concentrations appeared.
      This peak was found between 2 and 4 a.m. and did not appear simultaneously for
      all amino acids. During this time, the urinary excretion of amino acids was also
      high.

PMID- 685638
TI  - Further studies on the family Cheyletiellidae (Acarina).

PMID- 685639
TI  - [A simple method for producing the hatching of piliferous and endofollicular
      hypopi and detecting endocutaneous parasitic Acaridae].

PMID- 685641
TI  - [American translations of diverse acarologic works].

PMID- 685640
TI  - Domestic Acarina of Colombia: occurrence and distribution of Acari in house dust.

PMID- 685642
TI  - Vascularization of the conducting system in the human heart.
AB  - On 200 randomized specimens of the human heart, of either sex, from 20 to 80
      years of age, we investigated the vascularization of the conducting system of the
      heart in relation to the type of coronary ramification, by the dissection,
      injection-corrosive, radiographic and coronarographic method. The symmetrical
      type of arterial vascularization was established in 24%, the right type in 63%
      and the left type in 13% of the cases investigated. The sinoatrial node is
      vascularized in 60% by the right and in 40% of the cases by the left coronary
      artery. The atrioventricular node and the stem of the atrioventricular bundle are
      vascularized by the right coronary artery in 85% of the cases investigated, in
      13% by the left and in 2% by both arteries. The right fasciculus of the
      atrioventricular bundle is vascularized by the left artery, the left fasciculus
      by both arteries. The vascularization of the posterior strand in both ventricles
      is conformable to the type of arterial vascularization of the heart.

PMID- 685643
TI  - Functional implications of felid forelimb anatomy.
AB  - The elbow and wrist anatomy of 17 felid species were studied and compared with
      that of other representative mammaliam carnivores. Based on the shape and
      position of the olecranon fossa, it was determined that for felids the  forelimb
      cannot travel in a "pendulum-like" motion during locomotion, but must travel
      through an arch away from the parasagittal plane of the body. For the anterior
      limb, the degree of deviation from the parasagittal plane was correlated with
      habitat preference. In this regard, those felids that are exclusive forest
      dwellers (found exclusively in high, densely structured habitats) had the
      greatest angle of inclination of the olecranon fossa. In addition, these, species
      had a large lateral olecranon tuberosity for the attachment of the lateral head
      of the triceps muscle. For those felids that inhabit more open terrain (low
      structured habitat), the olecranon fossa was less inclined, the medical olecranon
      tuberosity relatively large, and the medial head of the triceps was significantly
      heavier than those of the forest felids. Both the wrist and elbow joints
      exhibited a large degree of mobility which was reflective of the claw-equipped
      forelimb being used as a hunting weapon.

PMID- 685644
TI  - Electron-microscopic study of the maturing rat red nucleus. I. The large-neuron
      population.
AB  - The maturing large neurons of the rat red nucleus in animals ranging in age from
      1 to 21 days of postnatal life were studied ultrastructurally. Days 1--6 were
      characterized by rapid morphologic maturation occurring concomitantly with the
      onset of synaptogenesis. Morphogenesis was confined to the soma, while the first
      synaptic contacts were also formed in relationship to the soma. Days 6--9
      demonstrated continued somal morphogenesis exemplified by cytoplasmic expansion
      and by the conspicuous presence of perisomatic and growth cone processes.
      Proximal dendritic morphogenesis was initiated, and synaptogenesis became complex
      with synaptic sites occurring in relation to the neuronal soma, the perisomatic
      processes and proximal dendrites. Days 9--15 were characterized by the completion
      of somal and proximal dendritic morphogenesis and by a massive degree of
      synaptogenic activity. During this interval, the soma lost perisomatic and growth
      cone processes, while somatic spines appeared. By the end of this period the
      neuronal soma and the proximal dendrites appeared mature in terms of both
      morphology and synaptic input. Complete neuronal maturation was ultimately
      attained by day 21 of postnatal life.

PMID- 685645
TI  - [Radiological-anatomical study of the interosseus arteries].

PMID- 685646
TI  - Innervation of the rabbit cornea. A histochemical and electron-microscopic study.
AB  - The innervation of the rabbit cornea was investigated histochemically and
      electron-microscopically with special reference to the autonomic nerves. Both
      formaldehyde- and glyoxylic-acid-induced fluorescence methods revealed adrenergic
      nerves in the stroma; a few fibres were also observed between the basal
      epithelial cells near the limbus. Acetylcholinesterase- (AChE-) positive nerves
      were found both in the stroma and in the epithelium, whereas nonspecific
      cholinesterase (NsChE) activity appeared only in the stromal nerves. Under the
      electron microscope, both AChE and NsChE activities were observed to be located
      in the axon membranes. A weak NsChE reaction also appeared in the Schwann cells.
      When the specimens fixed with KMnO4 were examined under the electron microscope,
      most nerve fibres did not contain any special axoplasmic structures, although
      several axons contained mitochondria. Moreover, two vesicle-containing axon types
      were found in the stromal nerves; axons with small granular vesicles and axons
      containing small agranular vesicles. In the epithelium, two types of fibres were
      observed; one type containing only mitochondria while the other showed both
      agranular vesicles and mitochondria.

PMID- 685647
TI  - The effect of dynamic loading on the growth of epiphyseal cartilage in the rat.
AB  - The Hueter-Volkmann law of epiphyseal pressures describes an inverse relationship
      between static compressive forces parallel to the axis of epiphyseal growth and
      the rate of growth of that cartilage. Studies of histological sections of the
      epiphyseal plate of the fourth metatarsals of (a) control, (b) bipedal and (c)
      bipedal rats with amputation of the fifth metatarsal show that dynamic
      compressive forces can stimulate epiphyseal cartilage growth. Within certain
      parameters, both the relief and increase of dynamic compression accelerate
      epiphyseal growth. It is the amount and kind of loading that are important
      factors to accelerate epiphyseal growth.

PMID- 685648
TI  - [Form and attachment of the human sinus tarsi and canalis tarsi ligaments].
AB  - In addition to loose connective tissue, fat and blood vessels, the sinus and
      canalis tarsi also contain the capsules for the intertarsal joints as well as
      several varyingly stable tracts of fibers which present themselves in varying
      planes and directions but are nevertheless in a discernible arrangement to one
      another. This arrangement of fibers was studied on the feet of 40 adults whereby
      five distinct and clearly definable bundles could be regularly dissected.
      Starting from the lateral side and going medialis of the retinaculum mm.
      extensorum inferius, also a lig. talocalcaneum obliquum and a lig. canalis tarsi.
      Microscopically, fibrocartilage is evidenced in the ligaments and retinacula near
      their points of attachment to the bone. The ligaments lying lateral to the axis
      of movements for the talocalcaneal joint restrain the inversion while the
      medially lying lig. canalis tarsi prevents the eversion.

PMID- 685649
TI  - Muscle weights and succinic dehydrogenase distribution in the hind limb
      musculature of two rodents (Thryonomys gregorianus and Pedetes capensis) with
      different locomotory habits.
AB  - The hind limb muscles of the spring hare (Pedetes capensis) were found to be
      relatively heavier than the hind limb muscles of the cane rat (Thryonomys
      gregorianus). The distribution of succine dehydrogenase activity was investigated
      in four of these muscles (m. gluteus superficialis, m.semimembranosus, m. biceps
      femoris and m.rectus femoris) from both animals. It was found that the spring
      hare had a higher proportion of low-activity fibres in all four muscles than the
      cane rat. All muscle fibre types were also smaller in diameter in the spring hare
      than the cane rat. These results are discussed in relation to the different
      locomotry habits of the two animals.

PMID- 685650
TI  - Quantitative histomorphological studies on the spinal ganglia of the Indian
      buffalo (Bubalus bubalis).
AB  - Spinal ganglia of C3, C7, T5, T12, L2 and L5 spinal dorsal roots were studied.
      These ganglia vary in their size. Their greatest cross-sectional area was at C7
      (2.12 cm2) in the cervical region and at L5 (1.39 cm2) in the lumbar region. The
      neurons were either spherical or oval in contour. The smallest neurons (mean size
      68.50 X 55.64 micrometer) were located in the T5 ganglion, while some of the
      largest neurons (mean size 79.17 X 63.34 micrometer) were noticed in the C3
      ganglion. As for their cross-sectional area, the ganglionic neurons at the L5
      level were the largest (3,713.16 micrometer2), while the least value (2,994.60
      micrometer2) was noted in T5 ganglionic cells. The amphicytes (satellite cells)
      were clearly defined. The neuronal cytoplasm revealed finely granular Nissl
      material. The neurons exhibit a pale-staining, centrally located vesicular
      nucleus with a prominent nucleolus. Few multipolar cells with eccentric nuclei
      were noted in the L5 ganglion.

PMID- 685651
TI  - [Reaction of peripheral vestibular ganglion cells on experimental stimulation in
      guinea pigs].
AB  - The effects of adequate stimuli upon the ganglion cells of the ganglion
      vestibulare and ganglion geniculi n. facialis were studied in the guinea pig
      labyrinth. During experimental examination, swelling up to 112% as well as
      shrinkage up to 35% were noticed. These volume changes do not coincide with the
      changes occurring in the corresponding sensory nuclei during the same stimulus.
      As the ganglion cells receive their impulses from various sensularies, they are
      responsible for several types of movement. A periodical increase and decrease of
      the nuclear volume are assumed to be an expression of the general total activity.
      The cells of the ganglion geniculi respond very strongly to these movement
      stimuli, which are not regarded to be adequate. Consequently it was proved that
      strong inadequate excitations can also influence the neighboring ganglion cells.
      In the cytoplasm, strong excitations lead to variations in the Nissl content. An
      intensive material exchange between the cytoplasm and the karyoplasm is assumed
      to be a cause for the changes of the nuclei volumes. But only the relation
      between the cell nuclei and the cell somata is altered. The volume of the whole
      cell remains approximately constant.

PMID- 685652
TI  - Neuronal-vascular relationship in experimental ischaemic anoxia.
AB  - The concept of temporal and spatial relationship between neuronal and vascular
      changes in the central nervous system following different kinds of anoxia still
      remains debatable, in that it is uncertain if anoxia-ischaemia primarily produces
      vascular changes in the brain or it initially damages the cerebral neurons. The
      present investigation has been undertaken to denote the sequential relationship
      between neuronal and vascular changes following experimental cerebral ischaemic
      anoxia. Adult healthy albino rats were subjected to ischaemic anoxia by bilateral
      clamping of their common carotid arteries for varying intervals of 5, 10 and 15
      min. The animals of each group were subsequently sacrificed on days 1, 3, 5, 7
      and 10 after the clamping procedure, for light-microscopic study of their brains.
      Our findings are characterized by initial vascular changes, which appear to have
      resulted in 'no-reflow' leading subsequently to neuronal damage. The latter, in
      turn, secondarily caused damage to the microvasculature.

PMID- 685654
TI  - Number, diameter and distribution of the rat optic nerve fibers.
AB  - Light- and electron-microscopic methods for nerve fiber counting and diameter
      measuring are described. These methods were applied to the rat optic nerve.
      Differences between light- and electron-microscopic results are shown.
      Coincidences and divergences with the current literature data are discussed.

PMID- 685653
TI  - Sharpey fiber bone development in surgically implanted dog mandible. A scanning
      electron-microscopic study.
AB  - Ticonium metal implant placed surgically in the previously edentulatized adult
      dog mandible induced the formation of an extensive Sharpey fiber system.
      Sharpey's fibers extended from the peri-implant area, deep into alveolar bone.
      The frequency of Sharpey's fibers and the degree of their mineralization varied
      from scattered location and unmineralized state to heavy clustering and full
      mineralization. This study suggests that the formation of Sharpey's fibers and
      the degree of their mineralization are determined by biophysical forces of
      pressure received at a given site.

PMID- 685655
TI  - A quantitative assessment of post-natal development in CF rats.
AB  - The post-natal development in CF rats from 5 litters was followed
      anthropometrically from the day of delivery to day 75. Weight, CR length, tail
      length and patello-calcaneal length of individual rats were measured every day
      and the rate of gain per day was calculated for each parameter. During this
      period, the rate of gain in weight showed two peaks (from days 26 to 30 and 56 to
      60). The CR length and tail length had only one such peak (from days 16 to 20 and
      21 to 25, respectively). The patello-calcaneal length rather exhibited an initial
      fall in the rate of growth up to day 45 followed by a slight increase till day 50
      after which it became steady. Robustness as judged by: formula: see text was
      found to be maximum in the first few days after birth. Body weight or: formula:
      see text showed better correlations with other parameters than the gross age. The
      growth curves appeared as straight lines having breaks, indicating that though
      the growth was exponential it had sudden changes in its rate.

PMID- 685656
TI  - Effects of ovariectomy and estradiol injection on nuclear structures of
      endometrial epithelial cells.
AB  - The changes of the rate of RNA synthesis produced by castration and estradiol
      injection on the surface endometrial cells of the rat are profited to study the
      variations in the number and size of nuclear ribonucleoprotein structures and in
      the disposition of chromatin. Two-dimensional measurements on sections contrasted
      with preferential procedures were employed to estimate the fraction of nuclear
      volume occupied by each element. Young adult rats in estrus are used as controls.
      3 weeks after ovariectomy, the area fraction occupied by the nucleolus is reduced
      almost to a third of the control value, while the number of perichromatin
      granules per unit area of nucleus has significantly increased. A single injection
      of 20 microgram of estradiol produces a rapid decrease of the number of
      perichromatin granules to a fourth of the value of castrate animals, in 15-30
      min, followed by a slow increase. Nucleolar area fraction begins to increase 2 h
      after estrogen administration and at 24 h it is higher than in controls. It is
      concluded that the changes of the nucleolar volume are due to the effects of
      estradiol on the synthesis of nucleolar RNA, while the variations of
      perichromatin granules are produced by the combination of the effect on
      extranucleolar RNA synthesis and on its processing and/or transporting to the
      cytoplasm. Both effects are independent and undergo different temporal courses.

PMID- 685657
TI  - The presence of alkaline phosphatase in the coronal suture of rat.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to determine the presence of alkaline
      phosphatase within the coronal suture, the dura mater and the pericranium. The
      histologic sections reveal that no alkaline phosphatase activity could be
      observed within the coronal suture as well as the dura mater, while the
      pericranium did contain this enzyme. These findings are brought in relation with
      the occurrence of synostoses, which can be induced under experimental conditions.

PMID- 685658
TI  - Microbodies of the pig liver. A morphologic and morphometric study.
AB  - The ultrastructure of hepatic microbodies of pigs was studied in liver samples
      fixed in phosphate-buffered 2% glutaraldehyde (pH 7.4) and postfixed in 2% osmium
      tetroxide. The microbodies were rounded or ovoid in shape and contained a
      granular matrix enclosed with a single limiting membrane. The matrix, in many of
      the organelles, contained an amorphous or an organized (crystalloid) area. The
      crystalloids were organized as fine, alternating electron-opaque and electron
      lucent lines, or as groups of tubules arranged in more than one plane. Profiles
      of smooth endoplasmic reticulum were usually found near the microbodies. 34
      microbodies were approximately 0.67 +/- 0.02 micrometer (mean +/- standard error)
      in length and were approximately 0.56 micrometer (+/- 0.02 micrometer) wide. The
      marginal plates consisted of strata which exhibited a periodicity. The average
      length and width of 17 plates was approximately 0.34 +/- 0.03 micrometer and
      0.002 micrometer, respectively. This study clearly establishes the occurrence of
      marginal plates in microbodies of porcine liver.

PMID- 685659
TI  - [Experimental investigation of thoracic aorta myocytes in mice. Contribution to
      the problem of the cause of arteriosclerosis].
AB  - The reactivity of myocytes has been ultrastructurally investigated. Pieces of
      aorta thoracic from mice were organ-cultured on the chorioallantoic membrane of
      chicken eggs incubated for 14 days. The outstanding finding were individual
      myocytes of the media--probably in a particular cytoenergetic stage--undergoing
      necrosis. They were enclosed from almost unaffected myocytes. Transferred to in
      vivo conditions, these findings may serve as a model for a participation of
      myocytes in the devleopment of disseminated multifocal arteriosclerotic plaques.
      The reactivity of the myocytes as to their ability of proteoglycan and lipid
      synthesis was opposed to Benditt's hypothesis of the genesis of an
      arteriosclerotic plaque caused by a monoclonal cell line originating from a
      mutated myocyte of the artery wall near the site of the plaque. The hypothesis of
      Kaunitz has been discussed, according to which the high serum cholesterin level
      with severe arteriosclerosis may be rather a consequence of cholesterin synthesis
      by the 'reparative' tissue of the arteriosclerotic lesion than its reason.

PMID- 685660
TI  - [Pure bilateral agraphia, right astereognosia and arithmetic defects associated
      with a left parietal tumor (author's transl)].
AB  - A case of bilateral agraphia produced by a left parietal glioma is described in a
      49 year-old right-handed woman. Hypothesis of a pure agraphia, etiology and non
      frontal localisation of tumor are discussed. This agraphia is associated to a
      right astereognosia; neither functional nor behavioral relationships are found
      between these two defects, and it appears that their are probably associated
      according to the parietal locus of lesions.

PMID- 685662
TI  - [Tick-bite meningoradiculitis (author's transl)].
AB  - Meningoradiculitis due to tick-bite is rare and poorly documented. Its etiology
      remains hypothetical, but is thought to be caused by a viral infection carried by
      the tick. It is characterized by a striking clinical picture, especially symptoms
      of a subjective nature. The involved area extends asymmetrically from the site of
      the bite with variable latency. The CSF is characteristic, showing definite
      lymphocytosis and a moderate protein reaction. The prognosis is excellent
      although recovery may take several months. In the event of facial paralysis,
      there is a risk of postparalytic spasms. Treatment is symptomatic; no drug has
      proved effective.

PMID- 685661
TI  - [Absence of signs of deconnection in four cases of partial anterior and median
      callosal lesions of vascular and neurosurgical origin (author's transl)].
AB  - Three cases of partial anterior and median callosal vascular lesions and one
      surgical case are presented. Some months later a neuropsychological examination
      did not show any signs of deconnection. Two interpretations are equally
      plausible: either the limited extension of the lesions as well as their location
      explain the absence of signs of deconnection, or these signs had existed but were
      regressive.

PMID- 685663
TI  - [Myopathy of the biceps with annulo-fibrillar formations].

PMID- 685664
TI  - [Computerized axial tomography and epileptic entities (author's transl)].
AB  - On the basis of a personal classification, the authors attempt to establish a
      correlation between the CAT scan and various forms of epilepsy. Although some
      results are entirely consistent, the authors find that in a fair number of
      apparently lesional forms of epilepsy the CAT detects approximately the same
      percentage of abnormalities in cases with a history of clear pathological
      antecedents as in those without such antecedents. In the light of this finding,
      the relation between the CAT record and the true cause of epilepsy is
      reconsidered.

PMID- 685665
TI  - [Electroencephalogram and CAT scan in 393 cases of epilepsy. Consistency between
      focal EEG changes and focal CAT changes (author's transl)].
AB  - A simultaneous study of EEG recordings and CAT scans in 393 epileptics led to the
      following findings:--in our population, the EEG pattern is normal in 6.8% of the
      cases and the CAT normal in 64.6%;--focal EEG changes give focal CAT changes in
      38.6% and diffuse changes in 4.1% of the cases;--diffuse EEG changes give focal
      CAT changes in 18% and diffuse changes in 8.8% of the cases;--focal CAT changes
      give focal EEG changes in 68% and diffuse changes in 28% of the cases;--diffuse
      CAT changes give focal EEG changes in 27.5% and diffuse changes in 51.8% of the
      cases;--out of the 393 epileptics, 72 presented distinctly focal changes on
      simultaneous EEG and CAT records. The changes were on the same side in 80.5% of
      the cases. The reasons for the lack of consistency in 19.5% of the cases are
      discussed.

PMID- 685666
TI  - Supracondylar fracture of the humerus in children. A long-term follow-up study of
      107 cases.
AB  - A total of 107 cases of supracondylar fracture of the humerus in children were
      examined after a follow-up period of 8 to 18 years. No serious complications were
      found. Conservative treatment gave good results, and open reduction was seldom
      indicated. Rotational displacement and displacement in the frontal or sagittal
      plane remodelled by the end of the growth period, whereas tilting of the distal
      fragment into varus or valgus remained. The position of reduction should be
      checked roentgenologically until bony consolidation occurs, by measuring
      Baumann's angle or the carrying angle, and rereductions should be performed
      within 2 weeks.

PMID- 685667
TI  - Humeral shaft fractures. Treatment with a simple hand sling.
AB  - Complications of operative treatment of closed fractures of the shaft of the
      humerus occur in about 12 per cent of cases. Fixation of the arm in some form of
      cast gives better results but the complication rate is still 5.5 per cent and
      there is a risk of shoulder-hand-finger syndrome. In order to minimize these
      complications the author treated patients with humeral shaft fractures by
      supporting the hand only, in a simple sling. The method is described and its
      advantages discussed. All the fractures, including transverse ones, united in 3
      to 6 weeks without any serious complications.

PMID- 685668
TI  - Proliferation of bone marrow and thymus cells and increased osteoclasia after
      antigenic challenge in rats.
AB  - Injection of a single dose of an antigenic substance (sheep red blood corpuscles)
      in young rats results in a significant rise in the number of mitoses in bone
      marrow (and in thymus) and in addition a significant rise in the number of
      osteoclasts in the metaphyses of the ribs. This increased osteoclasia appears 1
      day after the peak values of the bone marrow and thymus mitoses. This and earlier
      investigations make it probable that there is a causal relationship between bone
      marrow stimulation and increased osteoclasia.

PMID- 685669
TI  - Bone growth alterations resulting from application of CO2 laser beam to the
      epiphyseal growth plates. An experimental study in rabbits.
AB  - The CO2 laser beam was used to create defects 3 mm in depth in the distal growth
      plate of one femur in a group of 59 rabbits. In most of the 32 rabbits in which
      the defect was created on the lateral aspect of the epiphyseal plate the
      procedure resulted in the subsequent development of valgus deformity and
      shortening of the femur. In most of the 27 rabbits in which defects were produced
      both medially and laterally to the epiphyseal plate there was a subsequent marked
      shortening of the bones. Histological studies revealed that the laser-induced
      defects of the growth cartilage led to epiphysiodesis and premature disappearance
      of the epiphyseal growth plates.

PMID- 685670
TI  - Early complications of primary shoulder dislocations.
AB  - A prospective study of the complications of primary shoulder dislocation was
      carried out for the 3-year period 1973-1976. The clinical examination was made
      initially in the Casualty Department and the patient was re-examined in the
      Department of Physical Medicine. In the evaluation special attention was given to
      the condition of the rotator cuff, the blood vessels and the motor and sensory
      function of the affected extremity. Sixty-three out of 238 patients (26 per cent)
      presented with the following complications: 29 lesions of the brachial plexus, 21
      of the axillary nerve and 28 ruptures of the rotator cuff tendon. Complications
      occurred more frequently in the age group over 50 years (P less than 0.001) and
      in manual labourers compared with office workers (P less than 0.05). If the
      humerus remained unreduced for more than 12 hours, the frequency of complications
      increased (P less than 0.01).

PMID- 685671
TI  - Anterior interbody lumbar spine fusion for incapacitating disc degeneration and
      spondylolisthesis.

PMID- 685672
TI  - Fixation of pelvic fractures and dislocations. An experimental study on the
      loading of pelvic fractures and sacro-iliac dislocations after external
      compression fixation.
AB  - A trapezoid external compression fixation frame, assembled with the Hoffman
      instruments, was used for stabilizing experimental injuries to the pelvic
      skeleton of ten cadaver specimens. The resistance to loading in a position
      corresponding to upright standing was tested in 17 experiments and related to the
      calculated load in vivo. The results indicated that ipsilateral injuries, either
      presenting as dislocations of the sacro-iliac joint and symphysis or as
      unilateral fractures of the sacrum or ilium in combination with fractures of the
      pubic rami could be stabilized by the external compression frame well enough to
      permit weight-bearing in the upright standing position. Bilateral injuries to the
      pelvic skeleton, vertical or oblique, could not, however, be stabilized enough to
      resist more than a fraction of the normal load in the upright standing position.

PMID- 685673
TI  - Erythrocyte sedimentation rate in infected and non-infected total-hip
      arthroplasties.
AB  - The postoperative course of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) following
      total hip replacement was studied in 18 patients with delayed infections and
      compared with the course in 75 uncomplicated cases. Normally, the ESR returned to
      the preoperative level in 3--6 months, but in delayed infections it was
      significantly increased already during the first postoperative months, and never
      returned to normal levels. There was also a small but significant difference
      between the preoperative values in the two groups, which in women may be
      explained by a pre-existing infection in the hip.

PMID- 685674
TI  - Lateral dislocation of the patella following Marmor and Guepar arthroplasty of
      the knee.
AB  - The follow-up of 50 knees treated with the modular Marmor prosthesis and 50 with
      the Guepar hinge joint included tangential radiography of the femoro-patellar
      joint. After Marmor arthroplasty lateral patellar dislocation was found in seven
      knees, in six causing pain. After Guepar arthroplasty lateral patellar
      dislocation was found in 32 knees, but pain was present in only three. There was
      only a questionable correlation between pre-existing valgus deformity and
      postoperative lateral patellar dislocation, and an external rotation deformity of
      the lower leg was found in only five cases after Guepar arthroplasty. Thus,
      neither phenomenon could explain the high incidence of lateral patellar
      dislocation in the Guepar series. These dislocations must be assumed to be due to
      the unphysiological strain on the extensor apparatus inherent in this type of
      prosthesis.

PMID- 685675
TI  - Radiological diagnosis of lateral ligament lesion of the ankle. A comparison
      between talar tilt and anterior drawer sign.
AB  - In a prospective study of 244 patients with ankle lesions a comparison between
      the talar tilt and the anterior drawer sign was made, leading to the following
      conclusions: Ligament lesions which are not disclosed by the talar tilt
      examination may be diagnosed by the anterior drawer sign. The anterior drawer
      sign cannot replace the talar tilt examination, or vice versa. The two methods
      are complementary. It is not possible to differentiate between an isolated lesion
      of the anterior talofibular ligament and a combined lesion of the anterior
      talofibular and the calcaneofibular ligaments by the two methods.

PMID- 685676
TI  - Lateral instability of the ankle treated by a modified Evans procedure.
AB  - A technically simple tenodesis of the peroneus brevis tendon has been applied in
      the treatment of 42 patients with lateral instability of the ankle; 33 patients
      have been examined 2-10 years after the operation and 91 per cent showed
      excellent or good results. It is concluded that this procedure gives good
      stability in the varus as well as the antero-posterior direction and is therefore
      comparable to the technically more difficult Watson-Jones procedure.

PMID- 685677
TI  - Centripetal compression triple arthrodesis.
AB  - Forty-nine compression triple arthrodeses were performed in 45 patients whose
      average age was 16 years. An external compression device was applied to secure
      rigid fixation of the tarsal bones. The device consisted of two large rings, six
      compression screws and six small transfixion rings. Union of the tarsal joints
      was obtained within 6 weeks in 93.7 per cent of cases, and within 8 weeks in the
      remaining 6.3 per cent. Non-union was completely avoided and the period until
      fusion reduced to almost half that expected after conventional operations. The
      compression also ensured maintenance of the correction of deformity initially
      obtained.

PMID- 685678
TI  - Calcaneal cysts. A radiological and anatomico-pathological study.
AB  - A radiological and anatomico-pathological study of 17 cases of calcaneal cysts in
      young patients without other known affections is documented. There are two
      essential histological characteristics of the fibrous wall lining the cysts: (1)
      hemosiderin deposits together with cholesterol and an associated giant cell
      reaction, which can be attributed to previous hemorrhages; (2) newly formed bone-
      similar to that observed in solitary cysts of the humerus and femur--applied to
      preexisting trabeculae which forms a bony wall explaining the typical
      radiological picture. These uncommon cysts may be the evolution of purely local
      hemorrhages in the trigonum calcis.

PMID- 685679
TI  - Degenerative changes in the first metatarso-phalangeal joint of ballet dancers.
AB  - In 20 female performers of classical ballet the range of dorsiflexion of the big
      toe was found to be significantly decreased. However, in only one case was the
      decrease sufficiently great to interfere with the dancer's ability to perform. In
      spite of the severe stress put on the first metatarso-phalangeal joint in dancers
      the resulting degenerative changes were found to be minor and in most instances
      without clinical consequences. The results indicate that professional ballet,
      contrary to what is believed, rarely has harmful effects on the first metatarso
      phalangeal joint.

PMID- 685680
TI  - A 9-year observation of Letterer-Siwe disease in a child with long-term
      maintenance of remission.

PMID- 685681
TI  - Neuropsychology and child neurology: links and prospects. A personal view.

PMID- 685682
TI  - Meningococcal disease in Belgium. I. Risk of secondary cases among household
      contacts and evaluation of prophylaxis.

PMID- 685683
TI  - Respiratory function, energetic metabolism and work capacity in boys with asthma
      syndrome.

PMID- 685684
TI  - Radiological investigations and the first symptomatic urinary tract infection in
      infants and children.

PMID- 685685
TI  - Eosinophilic infiltration of the oesophagus in an infant.

PMID- 685686
TI  - Myasthenia gravis, clinical findings before and after thymectomy.

PMID- 685687
TI  - An unusual cause of urinary complaints: ovarian teratoma.

PMID- 685688
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy of the ischaemic kidney--changes in the surface
      microstructure of glomerular epithelial cells.
AB  - Domestic rabbits were used to study the changes that occur during ischaemic
      conditions in the kidney. With a scanning electron microscope, the microcellular
      changes at the surface of gomerular epithelial cells were observed regularly from
      the onset of ischaemia until five hours later. After one hour of ischaemia, the
      surface of the glomerular epithelial cells showed mild swelling and some change
      in its smooth appearance. One part had taken on a sponge-like appearance. After
      2.5 hours of ischaemia, the epithelial cells had atrophied and the entire cell
      surface was clearly sponge-like. It was no longer possible to distinguish the
      small pore-like structures that had been seen on the cell surface in the normal.
      Moreover, 2.5 hours of ischaemia was the time when, biochemically, cell
      metabolism had completely ceased and the permeability of the cell membrane had
      altered. The cell was considered to have undergone irreversible change by this
      stage. After 5 hours of ischaemia, cells were markedly atrophied and the
      appearance of the surface had become even more sponge-like.

PMID- 685689
TI  - Light and electronmicroscopic observations on hepatic hematopoiesis of human
      fetuses. I. Granulocytopoiesis in the hepatic mesenchymal tissue.
AB  - Focusing on hematopoiesis, especially granulocytopoiesis, livers from ten human
      fetuses between 7 to 13 weeks of gestation were observed with light and electron
      microscope. In the hepatic mesenchymal tissue variable number of granulocytes in
      varying stage of maturation were found from 10 to 13 weeks of gestation. The
      granules of neutrophils in human fetal livers were classified into three distinct
      types. The first granules appeared in myeloblasts. The second granules, possibly
      formed in Golgi complex, were more larger and observed after the promyelocytic
      stage. The third granules, predominant in mature neutrophils, were pleomorphic.
      Other than granulocytic, erythrocytic and stromal cells, unclassifiable cells
      were occasionally encountered. The role of mesenchymal tissues in the
      granulocytopoiesis, the development of fetal neutrophils and the problem of
      hematopoietic stem cells were discussed.

PMID- 685690
TI  - Histopathological study of congenital cystic kidneys with special reference to
      the multicystic, dysplastic type.
AB  - Ten autopsy cases of congenital cystic kidneys were studied by histopathological
      examination. Eight cases with dysplastic type revealed immature mesoderm,
      cartilage, localized tight fibrous tissue, hemangiomatous lesion consisting of
      arterio-capillary-venous elements, extramedullary hematopoiesis, primitive lymph
      nodes, adipose tissue, and abundant neural tissue in the kidney as well as cystic
      lesions. These findings strongly suggest that congenital cystic kidneys of
      dysplastic type are derived from hamartoma or hamartomatous changes chiefly
      consisting of mesodermal tissue, most of which corresponds to tissue anomaly and
      is very close to the aberrant form of Wilms' tumor. The presence of focal
      fibrosis and lymphoid cell infiltration forming focal renal tissue destruction
      suggest local disturbance of tissue differentiation due to some casual elements.
      As common feature of this type, it is revealed that the babies show lower weight
      for their fetal ages and die shortly after birth or are delivered as still birth
      due to hypoplasia and atelectasis of the pulmonary tissue.

PMID- 685691
TI  - Growth and cytogenetic characteristics of nickel sulphide-induced
      rhabdomyosarcomas in rats.
AB  - Rhabdomyosarcomas induced by single intramuscular injections of nickel sulphide
      (Ni3S2) in Fischer and Hooded rats were cultured in vivo and in vitro to study
      their growth characteristics and chromosomal constitution. The tumor cell
      suspensions cultured in vitro exhibited more myogenic differentiation on the
      coverslips than those cells grown in vivo in diffusion chambers. A characteristic
      feature of in vivo cultures was the appearance of microclusters which resembled
      the primary tumors. Chromosome analyses of primary tumors revealed that a
      majority of these had a modal number in the diploid or near diploid range.
      Fischer rat primary tumor cells exhibited abnormal configurations including
      rings, dicentrics and triradials. A comparison of the chromosome make-up of the
      primary tumors and their metastases was performed on four sets of tumors. Three
      out of four metastases examined showed the diploid chromosome make-up
      characteristic of the primary tumors suggesting that the tumors with the diploid
      or near diploid chromosome constitution are more likely to produce metastases.

PMID- 685692
TI  - Fetal case of xeroderma pigmentosum--first report of an autopsy case.
AB  - Fetal autopsy case of xeroderma pigmentosum was reported. This male fetus of 24
      gestational weeks was prenatally diagnosed as xeroderma pigmentosum by detecting
      the DNA-repair defect of the amniotic fluid cells. Autopsy revealed not only
      maldevelopment of the fetus (stillbirth) in general for the standard, but also
      showed slight developmental retardation of various organs including kidneys and
      lungs, which could be examined by microscopic analysis. It was suggested that
      abnormality of the somatic organs began to appear at the fetal stage in this case
      of xeroderma pigmentosum.

PMID- 685693
TI  - Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis. Autopsy study of two fatal cases in adults.
AB  - Two cases of pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis (PCI), apparently of different
      etiologies, were found at autopsy in cancer patients. One case was associated
      with chronic obstructive lung disease and with emphysema of soft tissues of the
      mediastinum, retroperitoneum, and mesentery, whereas the other showed
      pseudomembranous enteritis with bacterial and fungal overgrowths. The latter case
      supports the role of gas-forming bacteria, while the former provides an
      anatomical evidence of pulmonary disease as a cause of PCL. Obstruction of the
      upper gastrointestinal tract may contribute to the occurrence of PCI by a
      complication of aspiration pneumonitis or disturbance of the normal bacterial
      flora of the intestine as well as an increase of the intraluminal pressure. In
      addition to the etiologic considerations, the importance of clinical diagnosis of
      PCI has been emphasized since both cases in the present report were more or less
      related to the cause of death.

PMID- 685694
TI  - Unusual primary malignant reticulosis of the bone marrow.
AB  - An unusual case of primary reticulosis of the bone marrow in a 67-year-old female
      has been described. Pathological-anatomical characteristics of the present case
      are as follows; 1) Primary non-destructive proliferation of neoplastic reticulum
      cells or their variants, confined to the systemic bone marrow. Metastatic foci
      were noted in several areas where extramedullary hematopoiesis occurred. 2)
      Cytologically, neoplastic cells resemble atypical plasmacytic cells. No active
      phagocytosis was noted in neoplastic cells. 3) Histologically a significant
      increase in reticulin fibers was observed closely associated with proliferating
      cells. 4) Electron-microscopically these cells showed developed endoplasmic
      reticula but were distinguishable from myeloma cells by their irregular
      cytoplasmic border, which became frequently obscure, and by the presence of a
      desmosome-like structure. 5) These cells showed a negative immunofluorescent
      reaction to all types of human immunoglobulin classes. The morphological
      characteristics of these cells distinguished the disorder from poorly
      differentiated myelomatosis.

PMID- 685695
TI  - [Examination of the excipient and the pressure weight on the properties of
      granulates and tablets by the traditional and fluidization-pulverization
      procedure. III. Excipient: sodium carboxymethylcellulose].

PMID- 685696
TI  - The effects of surface-active agents on sulphadimidine transfer. Part I. Lipid
      monolayer studies.

PMID- 685697
TI  - [Gas chromatography of pharmacopoeia-listed volatile oil drugs and volatile
      oils].

PMID- 685698
TI  - [Determination of sodium and potassium ion concentration in infusion solutions by
      means of ion-selective electrodes].

PMID- 685699
TI  - [The figure of wish in Hegel's phenomenology of the spirit and in psychology.
      Contribution to the explanation of the wish in Freud's and Lacan's theories].

PMID- 685700
TI  - [Phenomenology and psychiatry].

PMID- 685701
TI  - [Sex differentiation and psychoanalysis].

PMID- 685702
TI  - [Rehabilitation of chronic mental patients. A combination of function delegation
      scheme with operative conditioning technics].

PMID- 685703
TI  - [Intellectual development and academic achievement].

PMID- 685704
TI  - [Clandestine places: illegal sale of alcohol for urban worker populations].
AB  - The authors have studied the illegal commerce of alcohol in popular urban
      communities. This sale is done in so called clandestine places. The study was
      approached from a cultural-anthropological point of view and its objective is a
      descriptive-exploratory study based on observation and interview techniques. A
      definition and a tipology of these places was attempted, emphasizing group
      dynamics and interpersonal relations between the owner of the place and the
      customer; among the customers; among the place itself and the rest of the
      community organizations, formal and informal ones. A primary analysis was done,
      according to which these clandestine places appear legitimized by nets of
      interpersonal relations, critical economic situations and places that satisfy
      recreational needs of the inhabitants. In order to eliminate the former, adecuate
      substitutes for recreation and social interaction ought to be considered.

PMID- 685705
TI  - [Effects of late overstimulation in children with early maternal deprivation].
AB  - The reactions of ten minorities of a Social Protection Institution for forsaken
      children were studied, through the stimulation's impact of a travel to
      Disneyworld during 3 days. The methodology was based on semistructured interviews
      before the travel, by returning and 2 months after it. The results show that the
      stimulation, that the travel represented for 8 minorities, was an event beyond
      the ego's capacity of assimilation. The 2 children with better adapting capacity
      were those, in which foregoing histories, the affective lack had been less
      intensive than in the another minorities.

PMID- 685706
TI  - [On the Erlebnis of death].
AB  - The living experience of death is examined in this paper in his philogenetic and
      linguistic contexts showing how in every cases it has a central meaning of
      separation and vanishing of the scene of life. In respect to the living
      experience itself, there are three distinguishable modalities relationed with the
      time and a similar distinction can be pointed out in respect to its links with
      the Other's binding. With regard to this last subject, other problems appear as
      the problem on bereavement, mourning and anaclisis or the transfiguration of the
      lost object by means of the apprehension of its sense.

PMID- 685707
TI  - [Haloperidol, a new profile?].

PMID- 685708
TI  - Imagery ability and the identification of hands: a chronometric analysis.

PMID- 685709
TI  - Early selective-attention effect on evoked potential reinterpreted.

PMID- 685710
TI  - Looking where you listen: visual cues and auditory attention.

PMID- 685711
TI  - [Myocardial infarct and weather conditions].

PMID- 685712
TI  - Quantitative characters of digito-palmar dermatoglyphics in myopic subjects.

PMID- 685713
TI  - [Obesity, leaness, and chronic diseases in our population].

PMID- 685715
TI  - The callosomarginal artery.

PMID- 685714
TI  - [Variability of respiratory symptoms and signs in a population during a 3-year
      period].

PMID- 685716
TI  - [2 cases of Zieve's syndrome with special reference to hemolytic anemia].

PMID- 685717
TI  - Steriod hormone receptors and endocrine management of mammary carcinoma.

PMID- 685718
TI  - Quantitation of the gain in mortality in life-time after pacemaker treatment.
AB  - A total of 140 patients given permanent pacemaker 1963--73 were followed during
      three years with regard to survival. Indication of pacemaker implantation was AV
      block in 82% and disturbed consciousness in 84%. The first half of the series had
      a survival equal to that of the second half. The survival was 86, 73 and 64% and
      the excess mortality, which is above normal, was 9, 16 and 20% after one, two and
      three years, respectively. Concepts of fractional life-time and death-time were
      developed. These express the proportion of the total observation time that is
      life and death, respectively. The fractional life-time was 0.80 and the
      fractional death-time 0.20. The excess death-time was 0.12 (12%) of the total
      observation time. Mortality, survival, life-time and death-time were compared in
      three studies, the present one and two from Denmark. The great similarities were
      obvious. An estimation of the unpaced survival during three years, based on
      studies of AV block before the pacemaker era, indicated the great benefit of
      pacemaker treatment.

PMID- 685719
TI  - Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism in oligophrenia.
AB  - Eight patients representing five different, probably hereditary neurological
      syndromes with oligophrenia and hypogonadism as the common features have been
      examined clinically and endocrinologically. Two sisters suffered from
      polyneuropathy, one male from ataxia, one male from spastic tetraplegia, two
      sisters and a brother from myopathy and one male patient from epilepsy and
      polyneuropathy. The latter patient was diagnosed as having an acute intermittent
      porphyria. All the patients had degenerative neurological disorders. The
      karyotypes were normal. The patients all had signs of hypogonadism. Four male
      patients had marked testicular atrophy but otherwise normal external genitalia.
      The testosterone levels in the blood were normal or slightly decreased. Three of
      the females had their menarche at a normal age but a very early menopause. The
      fourth female has never menstruated. The four females had normal breasts and body
      hair. All patients had high basal luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle
      stimulating hormone levels and the response to i.v. LH-releasing hormone was
      exaggerated. The prolactin values were normal. None of the examined patients had
      any signs of thyroid or adrenal insufficiency and the sella turcica was normal. A
      possible etiology to their hypergonadotropic hypogonadism is discussed.

PMID- 685720
TI  - Turnover studies with radioiodinated albumin in uremic patients.

PMID- 685721
TI  - Idiopathic acquired panmyelopathy in pregnancy. A case report.
AB  - A case of idopathic acquired panmyelopathy (aplastic anaemia) in pregnancy in a
      32-year-old woman is presented. The outcome for mother and child was favourable.
      Special attention is paid to the management of the delivery. Another aspect of
      interest is the haematologic status of the child. In panmyelopathy an immunologic
      mechanism may operate as indicated by the finding of platelet membrane associated
      immunoglobulins, which were also present in our patient. If the bone marrow
      lesions in this disease are indeed due to immunological injury, they are mediated
      by immune complexes or by a cellular mechanism, for it is well know that IgG
      antibodies may pass through the placenta and induce lysis of circulating blood
      cells in the newborn. There was no evidence of bone marrow damage in the infant.
      This is in accordance with the cases mentioned in the literature.

PMID- 685722
TI  - Intracutaneous herniation of fat in connection with microangiopathia diabetica.
AB  - Three women with diabetes mellitus presented an unusual change in the skin on the
      distal and acral parts of the extremities, most distinctly on the upper surface
      of the hands. The surface was raised in small cushions but had the colour of
      intact skin. The skin felt doughy and swolen on palpation but there was no
      oedematous pitting. It had been suspected earlier that these skin changes
      indicated myxoedema or heart disease and the patients had been treated with
      diuretics. In all three cases, however, histological examinations revealed a more
      or less reduced, atrophic dermis with here and there an appreciable dislocation
      of the subcutaneous layer of fat, which with the sweat glands formed an
      intracutaneous herniation up against the epidermis. These histological changes
      explained the clinical picture of cushions in the skin. As these patients had
      diabetes mellitus and the histological picture also included vascular changes of
      the type associated with a diabetic microangiopathy, it is considered that this
      form of intradermal herniation of fat is yet another skin change which may be
      elicited by diabetes mellitis.

PMID- 685723
TI  - Thyrotoxicosis in a patient treated with lithium carbonate for mental disease.
AB  - In recent years a few cases of hyperthyroidism and several of hypothyroidism
      which developed during lithium therapy have been described. We give an account of
      a case of hyperthyroidism, due to painless thyroiditis in a patient on long-term
      lithium therapy.

PMID- 685724
TI  - The relationship between QT interval and ventricular arrhythmias in acute
      myocardial infarction.
AB  - Out of a total of 947 patients admitted to the CCU at Serafimerlasarettet during
      2 years, all those with AMI and vintricular fibrillation (VF) or ventricular
      tachycardia (VT) during the CCU stay were selected. The QT interval could be
      measured in 15 patients with VF and 12 with VT before the event. The QT interval
      was also measured in two control groups; one consisted of 27 consecutively
      admitted patients with AMI without ventricular arrhythmias (VA), the other of 27
      non-AMI patients treated in the CCU. Most patients in the group with VA showed
      pathologically prolonged QT intervals and there were statistically significant
      differences between this group and the control groups regarding corrected mean QT
      intervals. If these findings are confirmed, QT measurements might be of value in
      the prediction of malignant VA in AMI.

PMID- 685725
TI  - Alpha-methyldopa and drug fever. A study of the metabolism of alpha-methyldopa in
      patients and normal subjects.
AB  - The metabolism of alpha-methyldopa was studied in 5 patients with febrile
      reactions to the drug, and compared with the metabolism in 5 patients without
      such reactions and in 4 normal subjects. A depression of the drug metabolism was
      found in drug fever patients, which may affect either the intestinal mucosal
      conjugation of the drug or the hepatic transformation. The decreased metabolism
      is assumed to be a possible causative mechanism of the adverse reaction.

PMID- 685726
TI  - Massive doses of procainamide for ventricular tachyarrhythmias due to myocardial
      infarction.
AB  - Three patients are described in whom malignant ventricular arrhythmias appeared
      in connection with a reinfarction some days after hospitalization for an acute
      myocardial infarction and in whom massive doses of procainamide, up to 7.5 g/day
      i.v., were necessary to prevent these arrhythmias. The serum concentration of
      procainamide was 2--4 times higher than the recommended upper level, but no side
      effects were observed. With the dose given, one would have expected still higher
      serum concentrations. Several reasons for this finding are discussed, including
      the effects of renal function, intestinal leakage, storage of the drug in tissues
      and hitherto unknown metabolic pathways of procainamide in patients, who are slow
      acetylators.

PMID- 685727
TI  - The effect of propranolol on serum levels of T4, T3 and reverse-T3 in
      hyperthyroidism.
AB  - The effect of propranolol (40 mg t.d.s.) on the peripheral levels of T4, T3 and
      reverse-T3 was studied in 26 patients with hyperthyroidism. The compounds were
      measured by specific radioimmunoassay techniques. The levels were followed for
      five weeks and compared with the levels before treatment. The results show that
      propranolol had no significant effect on the peripheral levels of T4 despite a
      rapid amelioration of clinical symptoms. A significant reduction of T3 levels was
      obtained during the first to fourth week of treatment. No significant decrease
      was obtained after the fourth week. A significant elevation in reverse-T3 levels
      was obtained during the second to fourth week of treatment. No significant change
      was obtained either during the first week or after the fourth week. Inconsistent
      fluctuations in hormone levels, both before and during treatment, could be seen
      in individual cases. The results suggest that the reduction of clinical symptoms
      must be caused by an extrathyroidal action of propranolol which does not seem to
      involve the pituitary gland.

PMID- 685728
TI  - Non-invasive assessment of cardiac function in poisoning with drugs.
AB  - Systolic time intervals (STI) have been used in evaluating cardiac function in 21
      patients who had taken an overdose of drugs. Registrations were made in all
      patients on arrival at the hospital and on the third day. On arrival STI was
      abnormal in 16 patients (76%). At the second registration it was still abnormal
      in ten (48%). Prolongations of total electromechanical systole (QS2) and
      preejection period (PEP) were the most frequent findings. The patients with
      abnormal STI at the first registration showed a significant improvement in QS2 (p
      less than 0.01) and PEP (p less than 0.05) from the first to the third day. Two
      of the four patients who had taken amitriptyline in a slow release form showed a
      prolongation of PEP and an increase in PEP/LVET from the first to the third day,
      and on patient has a further prolongation of the fifth day. The findings may be
      explained by a reduction of cardiac contractility caused by the membrane
      stabilizing effect of the drugs.

PMID- 685729
TI  - Effect of alcohol on chemotaxis, adherence and phagocytosis of human
      polymorphonuclear leucocytes.
AB  - In view of the presumed increased susceptibility of chronic alcoholics to
      infectious diseases, the influence of alcohol in vitro on leucocyte adherence,
      neutrophil chemotaxis, phagocytosis and intracellular killing was investigated
      with highly standardized methods. A significant inhibitory influence on these
      leucocyte functions was found only at alcohol concentrations in excess of those
      obtained clinically. An interesting observation not reported before was increased
      adherence, phagocytosis and chemotaxis at low to moderate concentrations of
      alcohol.

PMID- 685730
TI  - Abnormal microheterogeneity of transferrin in serum and cerebrospinal fluid in
      alcoholism.
AB  - The serum and CSF proteins were analyzed by isoelectric focusing in 16 male
      alcoholics after alcohol intoxication and after 10--14 days of alcohol
      abstinence. An abnormally marked protein band with pI 5.7 was found in serum in
      15 patients and in CSF in 12 at the first examination. On crossed
      immunoelectrofocusing it appeared as an increased, cathodal, microheterogeneous
      molecular form of transferrin. The abnormality was reversible and decreased or
      normalized in serum in all cases after abstinence. In 6 patients with clinical
      signs of cerebellar degeneration, an abnormal microheterogeneous pattern of CSF
      transferrin of partly different appearance to that in serum remained after
      abstinence. Disturbed liver synthesis of transferrin is a probable origin of the
      serum finding, which may be specifically related to alcohol abuse. Substitution
      or loss of acidic amino acids and/or decreased iron binding ability are possible
      structural explanations.

PMID- 685731
TI  - Obstructic characteristics of Bjork-Shiley, Hancock, and Lillehei-Kaster
      prosthetic mitral valves in the immediate postoperative period.
AB  - The flow obstruction in mitral valve implants was studied in the immediate
      postoperative period in 19 patients with Bjork-Shiley, Hancock, or Lillehi-Kaster
      prosthetic mitral valves. The effective valve area (Ae) was used as a measure of
      the flow obstruction. The blood velocity in the implants was estimated with a non
      invasive ultrasound Doppler system. The cardiac output was determined with an
      indwelling thermodilution catheter. The collected data allowed the determination
      of Ae. Multiple determinations of Ae, at various cardiac outputs and pulse rate
      were generally performed in each patient during the first 2--3 postoperative
      days. The investigation demonstrated that the method employed was useful for the
      study of mitral implant performance. The obtained values of Ae demonstrated that
      the flow obstruction in presthetic mitral valve implants is frequently
      considerable.

PMID- 685732
TI  - Does a disturbed insulin release promote hypoglycemia in alcoholics?
AB  - Peroral glucose tolerance tests, i.v. tolbutamide tests and postfasting alcohol
      tests were performed in three alcoholics, who had been admitted to hospital with
      hypoglycemic symptoms. In one one case the findings indicated extreme insulin
      sensitivity and in two cases there was evidence of a distrubed insulin release.
      These two factors might have a bearing on the occurrence of hypoglycemic symptoms
      in alcoholics.

PMID- 685733
TI  - Exercise performance and body dimensions in anorexia nervosa before and after
      rehabilitation.
AB  - The boys and five girls (mean age 15.0 y.) with anorexia nervosa (AN) were
      studied before and after a treatment which restored their body weight to normal.
      Before treatment the patients' average weight loss was 25% of their premorbid
      weight. The function and dimensions of the oxygen transport system were
      determined with heart (HV) and blood (BV) volumes, lean body mass (LBM) and
      exercise tests on a bicycle ergometer with determination of maximal aerobic power
      (VO2 max). Before treatment, the patients had bradycardia and hypotension. HV and
      BV decreased in proportion to the loss of body weight. During maximal exercise,
      attainable oxygen uptake and heart rate were low. VO2 max decreased out of
      proportion to the circulatory and body dimensions. After treatment, HV and BV
      increased in proportion to the rise in body weight. LBM increased significantly
      in all patients. Heart rates at rest and during exercise were within the range of
      normal and VO2 max increased. It is concluded that the circulatory system is
      highly adaptive to the low caloric intake in AN and is totally normalized after
      weight gain.

PMID- 685734
TI  - Taste dysfunction and changes in zinc and copper metabolism during penicillamine
      therapy for generalized scleroderma.
AB  - The taste function and the zinc and copper levels in serum and urine were
      followed for up tp 16 weeks in ten patients who were started on penicillamine
      therapy for generalized scleroderma (9 patients) and rheumatoid arthritis (one
      patient). During therapy the serum zinc concentration remained unchanged, whereas
      the serum copper concentration increased significantly during the first 4--5
      weeks and then tended to decrease. Urinary copper rose significantly and remained
      considerably above the upper normal limit throughout the study. Six of the
      patients complained after about 4--5 weeks of a decreased taste function, which
      was gradually restored whether the medication was stopped or continued. The
      alterations in the taste acuity for sweet, salt, sour, and bitter significantly
      paralleled the variations in urinary copper before as well as during therapy.
      Thus, the patients who showed the most pronounced loss of taste, had a lower
      urinary copper output than those whose taste acuity was less disturbed.

PMID- 685735
TI  - Vitamin B12 body stores during oral and parenteral treatment of pernicious
      anaemia.
AB  - Oral treatment of pernicious anaemia patients with 1 mg cyanocobalamin daily has
      been shown before to be as effective as conventional injection therapy. The
      result of this study indicates that oral treatment also keeps the vitamin B12
      body stores adequately filled, a confirmation of earlier results obtained in
      another way.

PMID- 685736
TI  - Short-term effects of 1-alpha-hydroxy-vitamin D3 in patients on corticosteroid
      treatment and in patients with senile osteoporosis.
AB  - Six patients with bronchial asthma undergoing long-term corticosteroid treatment
      and six patients with senile osteoporosis were given the same oral dose of 1
      alpha-hydroxy-vitamin D3 (1alpha-OH-D3) and calcium. The immediate effect on
      blood and urine chemistry and on the intestinal calcium absorption rate were
      studied. Hypercalcaemia occurred frequently among the patients treated with
      corticosteroids but not among those with senile osteoporosis. We conclude that
      corticosteroids do not counteract the effects of 1alpha-OH-D3. No correlation was
      found between the calcium absorption rate and the degree of osteoporosis, nor did
      the serum PTH levels show any differences that could be attributed to the
      treatment.

PMID- 685737
TI  - A tetracycline-based histomorphometric evaluation of bone resorption and bone
      turnover in hyperthyroidism and hyperparathyroidism.
AB  - Increased bone, resorption previously found in hyperthyroidism might be caused by
      a direct stimulating effect of thyroid hormone(s) on bone cells or by an
      increased sensitivity to circulating parathyroid hormone. In order to disclose
      qualitative differences in the response of bone resorbing cells to excess
      parathyroid hormone and excess thyroid hormone(s), histomorphometric analysis of
      iliac crest biopsies was performed in 25 hyperparathyroid and 40 hyperthyroid
      patients after tetracycline double-labelling. The main target cells for
      parathyroid and thyroid hormones were different. Parathyroid hormone stimulated
      osteocytic osteolysis and increased osteoclastic resorption surfaces equally in
      trabecular and cortical bone. The osteoclastic resorption was inactive. Thyroid
      hormone(s) had no effect on osteocytes but increased the osteoclastic resorption
      surfaces in trabecular and cortical bone, with a pronounced preponderance in
      cortical bone. The osteoclastic resorption was active and followed by a
      significant loss of both cortical and trabecular bone. The findings support the
      assumption that increased bone resorption in hyperthyroidism is caused by a
      direct stimulating effect of thyroid hormone(s).

PMID- 685738
TI  - Brain energy metabolism in global brain oedema.
AB  - Different degrees of severity in global brain oedema were induced by varying
      amounts of water intoxication (50, 100, 150, and 200 ml Aqua dest./kg b.wt.
      intravenously) in groups of six cats, which were functionally nephrectomized.
      Animals loaded with physiological saline and sham-operated served as controls.
      Two hours following the water load, the tissue concentrations of CrP, ATP, ADP,
      AMP, pyruvate, glucose, and lactate were determined by optical enzymatic
      analysis. The results show disturbances in brain energy metabolism dependent on
      the severity of the brain oedema. The high energy compounds and in consequence
      the ATP/ADP-ratio, and respectively the energy charge potential, fall in direct
      relationship to the severity of the brain oedema. Lactate and lactate-pyruvate
      ratio increase. The energy source of the cell, glucose as well as pyruvate,
      significantly falls in the group with severe brain oedema. The results of the
      brain energy metabolism were compared with our previous study concerning the
      brain water content, rCBF and CPP in global brain oedema (Meinig et al. 1973).
      The results show that the disturbances of energy metabolism are directly related
      to the rCBF and are not dependent on CPP over a wide range.

PMID- 685739
TI  - Diagnosis of intracranial space-occupying lesions with DTPA-Sn-99mTc.
AB  - DTPA-Sn-99 mTc is an excellent radionuclide for brain scintigraphy procedures
      with a rapid blood clearance through glomerular filatration. No previous
      preparation of the patient is necessary. We have studied forty nine patients with
      primary or metastatic brain tumours as well as calvarium metastases. There have
      been five false negatives. We have found three types of scintigraphic patterns
      depending on whether the lesion is better visualized in early or late images, or
      does not change throughout the study. The sequential brain study, obtaining views
      at five minutes, and at one and two hours post-injection allows for an adequate
      morphological characterization of the lesion and occasionally, a histological
      diagnosis.

PMID- 685740
TI  - The reliability of computerized axial tomography in the diagnosis of
      infratentorial mass lesions. A neurosurgical appraisal.
AB  - The accuracy of CAT in the diagnosis of infratentorial expanding lesions is
      analysed on the basis of 224 personal cases. The posterior fossa lesions are
      classified in four groups according to the reliability of CAT as the only pre
      operative examination. The present indications for conventional neuroadiological
      procedures are also outlined. Particular emphasis is laid on the information
      supplied by CAT in postoperative follow up to detect both immediate and delayed
      complications.

PMID- 685741
TI  - The pericranium flap operation. A new operation for the treatment of progressive
      infantile hydrocephalus. A preliminary report of 20 cases.
AB  - A new operation is described for the treatment of progressive infantile
      hydrocephalus. A pericranial flap with intact blood supply is introduced into the
      right lateral ventricle and fixed in place by suture to the dura or the skull.
      Twenty cases were subjected to the new operation with four deaths. The operation
      was successful in causing the arrest of the hydrocephalus and changing the mental
      state of early and mild cases.

PMID- 685742
TI  - Contribution to the surgical treatment of acute supratentorial subdural
      haematomas.
AB  - Acute traumatic subdural haematoma suspected of extending over an entire
      hemisphere must be treated with all speed. To obviate unnecessary skin incisions
      and subsequent craniectomies and craniotomies during the operation, we think it
      advantageous to plan a series of burrholes at set points in order to; a) begin to
      clear the haematoma; b) assess its extent and possible origin; c) decide whether
      a hemicranial or smaller craniotomy is called for.

PMID- 685743
TI  - Azotaemia in severe head injury--central dysregulation or renal failure?
AB  - We have investigated serum urea, uric acid, and creatinin crealinine levels in 39
      patients with craniocerebral trauma. The most impressive observation was a change
      in serum urea, which was found significantly increased up to 237 mg% on the
      seventh day (mean value) after severe injury, and turned out to be of great
      prognostic value. Patients with a serum urea above 100 mg% did not survive the
      acute stage. Uric acid and creatinine were only significantly increased in
      patients with lethal outcomes, the first being elevated by about 300% in the
      first week, the second remaining normal for four days increasing thereafter. It
      is concluded from these first data that a hypercatabolic state due to shock,
      central dysregulation, or both, is responsible for the dissociated behaviour of
      urea, uric acid and creatinine during the first four days, after which renal
      failure as a secondary change is shown by the rise in serum creatinine.

PMID- 685744
TI  - [Problem of bone-biomaterial interface].

PMID- 685745
TI  - [Clinical and ultrastructural study of the action of unsaponifible cornseed oil
      in a case of periodontolysis in man. Osteocytic balance].

PMID- 685746
TI  - [Orthopantomographic study of the phenomena of tooth eruption and root and
      mandibular growth between 6 and 12 years of age].

PMID- 685747
TI  - [Mexiletine in supraventricular arrhythmias].

PMID- 685748
TI  - [Pharmacokinetic studies with mexiletine in patients with renal insufficiency].

PMID- 685749
TI  - [Blood level of mexiletine in liver-damaged patients].

PMID- 685750
TI  - [Clinic on arrhythmias].

PMID- 685751
TI  - [Experience with mexiletine in the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias in the
      acute phase of myocardial infarct].

PMID- 685752
TI  - Delayed consequences of endothelial removal from rabbit aortae.
AB  - One year after de-endothelialization of rabbit aorta by a balloon catheter, the
      damaged areas show arteriosclerotic thickening. In the study described here,
      aortae from six rabbits were examined 2 years after the single injury. Three had
      advanced atherosclerotic lesions. All the animals had been fed standard rabbit
      chow, and the five tested did not have hypercholesterolemia when they were
      sacrificed. Apparently vascular injury alone is sufficient basis for development
      of atherosclerotic disease in the rabbit.

PMID- 685753
TI  - The role of platelets in transient ischemic attacks and cerebral vascular
      accidents.
AB  - In a 5 1/2-year study in 585 patients, aspirin, 1200 mg/day, reduced 50% the risk
      of stroke or death in men who had experienced at least one episode of
      neurological disability in carotid or vertebral-basilar territory. Adding
      sulfinpyrazone to aspirin did not improve the results, and sulfinpyrazone alone
      was no better than placebo. Women did not experience the same benefit; aspirin
      did not reduce their risk of stroke or death.

PMID- 685754
TI  - Influence of antiplatelet drugs on platelet-surface interactions.
AB  - Platelet aggregates are important in the thromboembolic complications of
      prosthetic devices, and drugs that alter platelet function have shown promise in
      clinical trials. Results with these drugs have increased insight into the
      interaction of platelets with artificial materials, particularly when the
      clinical experience has been correlated with the results of in vitro models. In a
      bead column/surface contact model, the characteristic interactions of platelets
      with artificial surfaces resemble effects of adding thrombin ADP to platelet-rich
      plasma. Anti-inflammatory agents and other antiplatelet drugs inhibit these
      reactions. Results in an in vivo model, survival of 51 Cr-labeled platelets in
      sheep bearing arteriovenous shunts of test materials, correlate systems indicate
      that the initial events upon contact of a surface with plasma proteins
      persistently influence the long-term behavior of that surface toward blood. A
      review of clinical studies discusses the effect of antiplatelet drugs on platelet
      survival and also on thrombotic complications of heart valve replacement and
      other conditions employing prosthetic devices.

PMID- 685755
TI  - Effects of various S-adenosylmethionine preparations on histamine methylation in
      vitro and in vivo.
AB  - To test possible enhancement of in vivo methylation of histamine, mice were
      injected with S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) of approximately 96% purity. Instead of
      the expected enhancement, very strong inhibition of methylation was observed.
      Tests indicated that S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) probably was not the inhibitor.
      Pure SAM, from another source, showed no inhibition of methylation in rats and
      guinea pigs, and only slight inhibition in mice. Pure SAM was much more effective
      than the 96% SAM for histamine methylation in vitro. It seems either that
      injected SAM cannot enter cells containing the histamine methylating enzyme
      (HME), or that the endogenous supply of SAM is optimal. The inhibitor may be
      structurally related to SAM, possibly a by-product of SAM synthesis. As it is
      very effective even in the presence of large amounts of SAM, in pure form it
      would probably be the most potent inhibitor of histamine methylation available.

PMID- 685757
TI  - The effects of calcium on morphology and histamine content in isolated intact
      mast cell granules [proceedings].

PMID- 685756
TI  - Histamine content and mast cells in human gastric and duodenal mucosa.
AB  - A high histamine content was found in all areas of human gastric and duodenal
      mucosa. In single subjects there was no general preference of histamine being
      located predominantly in fundus and corpus. In biopsy specimens of human corpus
      mucosa many histamine-containing O-PD reactive cells could be identified. In the
      sections treated previously with O-PD also many toluidine blue staining cells
      (mast cells) could be visualized. As shown by a transcription technique their
      place and number was the same as those of O-PD reacting cells. It is concluded
      that histamine in human corpus mucosa is localized exclusively in mast cells
      which seem to participate in acid secretion and in duodenal ulcer disease in man.

PMID- 685758
TI  - The modulation of lymphocyte activation by HE receptor agonists [proceedings].

PMID- 685759
TI  - Ultrastructural differences in isolated mast cells from various species
      [proceedings].

PMID- 685760
TI  - Effect of experimental hyper- and hypothyroidism on neonatal rat brain histamine
      levels [proceedings].

PMID- 685761
TI  - The effect of hexamethonium on gastric acid secretion in the conscious rat
      [proceedings].

PMID- 685762
TI  - Histamine-induced increases in cardiac work in vitro [proceedings].

PMID- 685763
TI  - Histamine H2-receptors in guinea pig lung and their role in anaphylaxis
      [proceedings].

PMID- 685764
TI  - Stimulation and suppression of rat stomach histidine decarboxylase activity
      [proceedings].

PMID- 685765
TI  - Automated liquid chromatography in research on histamine metabolism
      [proceedings].

PMID- 685766
TI  - Regulation of histamine synthesis: metiamide-induced synthesis of histamine in
      the rat stomach and the effect of histidine decarboxylase inhibitors on the
      elevated 14C-histamine level and histidine decarboxylase activity [proceedings].

PMID- 685767
TI  - Action of histamine at the nerve-muscle synaptic area [proceedings].

PMID- 685768
TI  - Structure-activity relationship of histamine H2-receptor agonists [proceedings].

PMID- 685769
TI  - Concurrent gas chromatographic--mass spectrometric determination of histidine,
      histamine and their 1-methyl metabolites [proceedings].

PMID- 685770
TI  - Effects of bilateral nephrectomy on endocrine cells of rat stomach [proceedings].

PMID- 685771
TI  - Studies on the effect of clonidine on histamine h2-receptors in the uterus, heart
      and gastric mucosa [proceedings].

PMID- 685772
TI  - Histamine reactions in blood pressure and heart rate in trained and untrained
      albino rats [proceedings].

PMID- 685773
TI  - H2-receptors in Ascaris suum [proceedings].

PMID- 685774
TI  - Effect of cimetidine on pentagastrin- and meal-stimulated gastric acid secretion
      and serum gastrin before and after one month of daily cimetidine treatment
      [proceedings].

PMID- 685775
TI  - Studies on isolated mast cells from guinea pig, dog, calf and man [proceedings].

PMID- 685776
TI  - Histamine uptake and metabolism in smooth muscle in vitro [proceedings].

PMID- 685777
TI  - Control of new drugs in the United Kingdom.

PMID- 685778
TI  - Review of marketed drugs in the United Kingdom.

PMID- 685779
TI  - Review of marketed medicinal products: review procedures in Holland and Benelux.

PMID- 685780
TI  - Review of marketed medicinal products: review in Denmark and Sweden.

PMID- 685781
TI  - Review of marketed medicinal products in Italy.

PMID- 685782
TI  - Review of marketed medicinal products: review procedures in the Federal Republic
      of Germany--implications of the New Drug Act.

PMID- 685783
TI  - The US Drug Efficacy Study and its implication (DESI).

PMID- 685784
TI  - The OTC Drug Review--FDA's viewpoint.

PMID- 685785
TI  - The review of marketed medicinal products--international implications.

PMID- 685786
TI  - Humoral control of monocytopoiesis by an activator and an inhibitor.

PMID- 685787
TI  - [Correlation between skin tests and serum levels of specific IgE in infantile
      asthma].

PMID- 685788
TI  - Exocrine disorder in asthmatics: demonstration of high sweat chloride levels in
      chronic patients and their relatives.

PMID- 685789
TI  - Histopathological examinations of local granulomas during specific
      hyposensitization.

PMID- 685790
TI  - Complement consumption and IgE binding by house dust allergen in the serum of
      atopic patients.
AB  - The reactivity of complement (C) with housedust allergen has been investigated in
      separate groups of sera from atopic patients with seasonal hay fever, bronchial
      asthma, atopic dermatitis, animal dander allergy or asthmatic bronchitis as
      compared to controls. Complement consumption was more pronounced on average in
      the allergy groups, with the exception of atopic dermatitis. Total IgE levels
      were elevated in all groups, especially in atopic dermatitis. There was no
      correlation between C-sensitivity and IgE data (RAST and RIST). The mean levels
      of C1-inhibitor, 1-antitrypsin and 2-marcroglobulin in the atopic group were
      found normal. A significant correlation was found between the extent of C
      consumption by house dust allergen and the level of C4 in sera. It is concluded
      that both C and IgE differ from normal in atopic patients, but that neither one
      is suited for the routine diagnosis of atopy in individual serum samples.

PMID- 685792
TI  - Snapping hip phenomenon among dancers.

PMID- 685793
TI  - When a child dies.
AB  - The family physician can be of great help to the parents after a child dies.
      Practical points to keep in mind are: in acute mourning, denial of death is a
      common response; parental emotional "detachment" from the dead child takes six to
      12 months; parents may be motivated to "replace" the child too quickly; parental
      relationships with the surviving children can be impaired by overprotectiveness,
      and the physician should be aware of his limitations in this situation.

PMID- 685791
TI  - Hay fever and month of birth.

PMID- 685794
TI  - Echocardiography in the cardiac work-up.
AB  - Increasingly popular, echocardiography is now widely available. It poses no risk,
      causes no discomfort and reveals a great deal of information. Interpretation
      requires expertise. A simple algorithm provides decision points leading to use of
      this technique for diagnosis and follow-up and for avoiding overutilization.
      Clinical correlation and (when indicated) correlation with other cardiac tests
      are essential.

PMID- 685795
TI  - Acute renal failure.

PMID- 685796
TI  - Formulations and dosages of oral drugs.

PMID- 685797
TI  - National Health Service.

PMID- 685799
TI  - Eli Lilly vs. New York.

PMID- 685798
TI  - Paradoxes in drug legislation.

PMID- 685800
TI  - The third and fourth heart sounds.

PMID- 685801
TI  - Hand infections.
AB  - Superficial infections include paronychia, cellulitis and lymphangitis. Grave
      infections include felon, purulent tenosynovitis, thenar infections, septic
      arthritis and human bites. Treatment by incision and drainage, moist heat,
      elevation, splinting and specific antibiotics or other agents applies to most
      hand infections. When pus is found, adequate drainage usually gives good results.
      Without drainage, pressure necrosis and gangrene often follow. Rest for the
      infected part and for the patient is as important as any other facet of
      treatment.

PMID- 685802
TI  - The detection of asymptomatic colorectal cancer.
AB  - The classic symptoms and signs of colorectal cancer (change in bowel habits,
      weight loss, melena or a palpable abdominal mass) signify advanced disease.
      Improvements in survival rates have not occurred in the last 15 years because the
      majority of patients have metastases at the time of surgery. Asymptomatic
      patients are detected by routinely screening stools for occult blood. If
      practiced routinely, this technique will improve survival statistics by
      identifying patients and instituting treatment at an earlier stage of disease.

PMID- 685803
TI  - Management of the rape victim.
AB  - If a rape crisis center and specialized personnel are not available, the family
      physician can adequately examine and treat the rape victim as well as collect and
      properly handle all the required medical evidence. The detailed history has
      several facets. Laboratory confirmation can be obtained for prior consensual
      intercourse, sodomy and other special aspects. Treatment is indicated for the
      prevention of venereal disease and pregnancy. Psychologic support is essential.
      The physician's examination and testimony can play an important legal role.

PMID- 685804
TI  - Atrial flutter. Electrocardiographic, vectorcardiographic and echocardiographic
      correlation.
AB  - The duration, contour, and amplitude of atrial flutter wave (f) was studied by
      electrocardiogram (ECG) and vectorcardiogram (VCG) in 32 patients and was related
      to the size of the left atrium (LA) measured by the echocardiogram (E). The
      following ECG parameters were analyzed: (1) the duration of left atrial
      depolarization, i.e., LA wave; (2) the amplitude of LA wave; (3) the surface area
      of LA wave; (4) maximum amplitude (A) of f in Leads 2 and V1. There was good
      correlation between LA size and the duration of depolarization and surface area
      (p less than 0.01), but the maximum amplitude of the f wave in Leads 2 and V1
      failed to predict LA size. The post-conversion sinus P wave showed abnormal LA
      depolarization time (P greater than 0.12 sec.) in 62 per cent of patients with
      enlarged left atrium (ELA) and in 43 per cent of patients with normal size LA
      (NLA). The VCG of the flutter wave revealed two patterns, (1) an eliptical smooth
      fsE loop in 63 per cent of patients with NLA, and (2) distorted fsE loop in 67
      per cent of patients with ELA. Both VCG patterns were subdivided in two subgroups
      according to the number and location of conduction delays. The VCG of post
      conversion P wave confirmed conduction delays in both groups. We conclude that
      both the size of the left atrium and conduction delays play a basic role in the
      duration and contour of left atrial wave.

PMID- 685805
TI  - Study of the temporal effects on conduction and refractoriness of the His
      Purkinje system in man.
AB  - Temporal effects on refractoriness within the His-Purkinje system (HPS) were
      studied in 14 patients in whom effective refractory period (ERP) of HPS could be
      determined, using His bundle electrograms, incremental atrial pacing, and atrial
      extrastimulus method. His-Purkinje conduction times (H-V interval) and relative
      (R), effective (E), and functional (F) refractory periods (RP) of HPS were
      measured during the control period and repeat measurements were made after a 30
      minute interval. H-V intervals were unchanged from control in all patients.
      Although changes of the magnitude of 5 to 25 msec. in either direction from
      control values commonly occurred, on the average, no statistically significant
      changes were seen in RRP, ERP, or FRP of HPS. The results of the present study
      confirm the stability of refractoriness of HPS over a 30 minute period and
      provide baseline data for future investigations of cardiovascular drugs which act
      primarily on the distal part of the A-V conduction system.

PMID- 685806
TI  - Effects of rapid digitalization on total and regional myocardial performance in
      patients with coronary artery disease.
AB  - In order to evaluate the effects of rapid digitalization on LV volumes, ejection
      fraction, and asynergy, 21 patients without heart failure were studied with a
      combination of hemodynamic and angiographic techniques before and after
      administration of intravenous ouabain (0.007 mg./Kg.). Seven patients had no CAD
      and served as normal (control) subjects (Group I), while 14 patients had
      extensive coronary disease (Group II). All pre-ouabain parameters were within the
      normal limits in Group I. After ouabain infusion, all indices of LV
      contractility: dP/dt, VCF, and ejection fraction rose significantly in the normal
      group, while LV filling pressure and end-diastolic volume remained unchanged. The
      baseline hemodynamic and volumetric values for Group II patients corresponded
      closely to their normal (Group I) counterparts, and exhibited similar changes
      after ouabain administration. Eight patients in Group II also had regional
      disorders of LV contractility, delineated by 23 abnormal hemiaxes of shortening.
      After ouabain, 15 out of 23 asynergic segments (65 per cent) improved, seven
      remained unchanged, and one worsened. It is therefore concluded that rapid
      digitalization not only enhances LV performance in normal subjects and in
      patients with CAD, but can also markedly reduce the extent of LV asynergy.

PMID- 685807
TI  - Comparative influence of ouabain, norepinephrine and heart rate on myocardial
      oxygen consumption and inotropic state in dogs.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to compare the myocardial oxygen cost of augmented
      inotropic state produced by ouabain, norepinephrine, or increased heart rate.
      This problem was examined in dogs using an isovolumically contracting left
      ventricular preparation. Inotropic state was measured as the maximum observed
      contractile element velocity at the lowest common level of wall stress (MAX V).
      Peak left ventricular wall stress was maintained constant in each dog so that it
      would not influence changes in myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2). Ouabain (4 X
      10(-2) mumoles/Kg.) and norepinephrine (2 X 10(-3) mumoles/Kg./minute) always
      augmented inotropic state (MAX V) and increased MVO2. The positive slopes of the
      regression of MVO2 on MAX V for ouabain (45.4 +/- 12.5 microliter/beat/100
      Gm./muscle length/sec; mean +/- SEM) and norepinephrine (34.5 +/- 5.6
      microliter/beat/100 Gm./muscle length/sec; mean +/- SEM) were not significantly
      different, indicating that for an equal augmentation of inotropic state, ouabain
      increases myocardial oxygen demands to the same extent as does norepinephrine.
      When the results with ouabain or norepinephrine were compared to results obtained
      by altering heart rate, it was found that increasing inotropic state by these
      pharmacologic agents is more costly in terms of myocardial energy demands than
      when inotropic state is enhanced by increasing heart rate.

PMID- 685808
TI  - Cardiac dose response relationship for intravenously infused glucagon in normal
      intact dogs and men.

PMID- 685809
TI  - Comparison of rhythm and rate-induced myocardial O2 consumption changes before
      and after coronary occlusion.

PMID- 685811
TI  - Complications due to cloth wear in cloth-covered Starr-Edwards aortic and mitral
      valve prostheses--and their management.
AB  - Five cases of complications due to cloth wear in cloth-covered composite-seat
      Starr-Edwards aortic and mitral valvular prostheses are described. The
      complications of cloth wear were recurrent systemic emboli in three patients, two
      with aortic and one with mitral prosthesis, and severe hemolytic anemia in two
      patients with aortic prosthesis. The over-all incidence of clinically significant
      complications due to cloth wear in aortic and mitral valve prosthesis was 2.5 per
      cent. The diagnosis of cloth wear is impossible before reoperation and it was
      made by exclusion of other causes of recurrent transient cerebral ischemic
      attacks or systemic emboli and by exclusion of other causes of hemolytic anemia.
      Clinical and laboratory findings suggestive of cloth wear are described.
      Aggressive management of complications of cloth wear by reoperation is likely to
      prevent disabling or lethal consequences. Porcine xenograft aortic and mitral
      bioprostheses were used in these patients to replace the cloth-covered valvular
      prostheses. The symptoms due to cloth wear were abolished in all patients by
      reoperation, and all patients are off anticoagulants postoperatively. The
      operative mortality rate for reoperation in this small group of patients was
      zero.

PMID- 685810
TI  - Echocardiographic diagnosis of left ventricular mural thrombi occurring in
      cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 685812
TI  - Spontaneous changes in the severity of angina pectoris.

PMID- 685813
TI  - Of discoveries.

PMID- 685814
TI  - The carbon-copy pain of myocardial infarction.

PMID- 685815
TI  - Truncus arteriosus in a family.

PMID- 685816
TI  - Serum myoglobin tests by RIA.

PMID- 685817
TI  - Hypertension control: an alternative view from Gimbels.

PMID- 685818
TI  - Smoking and the cause of CHD.

PMID- 685819
TI  - More on BP measurement and cuff size.

PMID- 685820
TI  - Oral ISDN--long-acting nitrite.

PMID- 685821
TI  - Report on carcinogenesis bioassay of isophosphamide.

PMID- 685822
TI  - Ethylene thiourea (ETU).

PMID- 685823
TI  - Sampling and analytical methods for phosphine--a review.
AB  - An overview of sampling and analysis of phospine with an emphasis on industrial
      hygiene is presented. Recent advances in solid sorbents behavior allow these
      devices to be used followed by gas chromatographic analysis. Sampling with filter
      paper--AgNO3 and colorimetric analysis remains a reliable technique. A comparison
      of the strengths and weaknesses of analytical (gas chromatography, chromogenic,
      colorimetric and electrochemical) and sampling (impregnated papers, solid
      sorbents, bubblers and evacuated cylinder) techniques is made.

PMID- 685824
TI  - A new polycarbonate fast neutron personnel dosimeter.
AB  - Registration of fast-neutron-induced recoil and (n,alpha) tracks directly in
      sensitive polymers especially polycarbonate foils when etched by the
      electrochemical etching (ECE) method provides a simple, sensitive, and
      inexpensive means of fast neutron dosimetry. The wide dose range and a dose
      equivalent response, negligible fading rate, and insensitivity to X, beta, and
      gamma radiations make such a method feasible for many neutron dosimetry
      applications, especially personnel dosimetry. Due to very large size of the
      tracks, even the unaided eye can be used as a reading device.

PMID- 685825
TI  - Radioactive pollutant determinations using gamma-ray spectroscopy.
AB  - Qualitative and quantitative determination of radionuclide contamination in
      environmental samples is often complicated by the presence of uranium- and
      thorium-series radioelements as well as 40K. High resolution gamma-ray
      spectroscopy with lithium-drifted germanium detectors provides a method for the
      determination of man-made radio-nuclide contaminants in many matrices with a
      minimum of chemical separation. Methods have been studied for increasing the
      efficiency of such determinations by using large samples in reentrant beakers
      ("Merinelli beakers") and small samples inside the well of a recently developed
      Ge(Li) well detector. Specific examples for the determination of 129I(16 m.y.
      half-life) in the well detector and recent fall-out in grass samples are
      presented.

PMID- 685826
TI  - Characterization of potential indoor sources of ozone.
AB  - Ozone emission factors were developed for domestic electrostatic air cleaners and
      photocopying machines. The air cleaners had emission rates from 0-546
      microgram/min. These rates will ordinarily not produce air concentrations which
      are greater than 60 microgram/m3 (0.030 ppm) above background. The emission rate
      for photocopying machines varied from 48-158 microgram/copy. In small, poorly
      ventilated rooms these emission rates were sufficient to produce incremental
      steady state ozone concentrations up to 396 microgram/m3 (0.202 ppm). Recent
      copying machine maintenance was found to reduce ozone production to less than the
      detectable level, 4 microgram/m3 (0.002 ppm).

PMID- 685827
TI  - Enhancement of air filtration using electric fields.
AB  - Although polarized electrostatic air filters are efficient air filtrating
      devices, their main disadvantages are difficulty in collecting conductive
      particles or in operating at relative humidities above 70%. We describe here a
      new filter design that eliminates these problems. A nonconductive media, normally
      a glass fiber mat, is placed between two insulated conductive screens. As the
      voltage across the screens is increased, the penetration of particles decreases
      exponentially. Increasing the electric field from 0 to 10 kV/cm will decrease the
      mass penetration from 60% to less than 10% of a polydispersed 0.8 micrometer
      ammd(sigma g = 2.0) sodium chloride aerosol. The experimental effects of face
      velocity, particle charge and size, packing density, fiber size, and screen
      insulation mirror the theoretical effects of these variables on particle
      penetration.

PMID- 685828
TI  - Analysis of total arsenic in urine and blood by high speed anodic stripping
      voltammetry.
AB  - A method for the measurement of parts per billion levels of total arsenic in
      urine and blood is described. Samples are wet ashed with a mixture of HNO3,
      HCIO4, and H2SO4 acids. Ashed materials are subjected to a reductillationTM
      procedure to reduce As (V) to As (III) and to separate arsenic from the sample
      matrix. Collected arsenic is then quantitated by anodic stripping voltammetry
      (ASV) at a gold film electrode. ASV analysis time is only 2 minutes. By
      simultaneous reductillation of 4 samples, ppb arsenic determinations can be
      accomplished at a rate of about 12 per hour. The method is as accurate, precise
      and reliable at the nanogram level as the more universally accepted colorimetric
      techniques are at the microgram and milligram levels. For replicate analysis of
      real samples, method precision ranged from +/- 1.4 ppb at the 5 ppb level to +/-
      0.96 ppb at the 25 ppb level. Accuracy is estimated at +/- 6% over the range 5 to
      500 ppb arsenic.

PMID- 685829
TI  - Abbreviated guidelines for heat stress exposure.
AB  - A wide array of recommendations, rules and research results have been arregated
      into a simplified set of decision criteria for estimating threshold levels of
      heat stress. The WBGT is used as a basis, with appropriate modification for
      metabolic heat generated during work, velocity of air movement, state of
      acclimatization, amount of clothing (e.g., shorts, jackets, coats, enclosed
      suits), age, obesity, and sex. When WBGT levels for the person-task-environment
      combination are exceeded, initiation of appropriate engineering and work
      practices are indicated.

PMID- 685830
TI  - Acute exposure to methylene-bis-ortho chloroaniline (MOCA).

PMID- 685831
TI  - Determining ammonia in the presence of airborne concentrations of ethylenediamine
      and monoethanolamine.

PMID- 685833
TI  - Comments on the OSHA accuracy of measurement requirement for monitoring employee
      exposure to benzene.

PMID- 685832
TI  - Gas-liquid chromatographic determination of trichloroethylene metabolites in
      urine.

PMID- 685834
TI  - Serial myocardial scintigraphy after a single dose of thallium-201 in men after
      acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 685835
TI  - Prolonged protective effect of propranolol on hypoxic heart muscle.

PMID- 685836
TI  - Beneficial effects of propranolol and digitalis on contraction and S-T segment
      elevation after acute coronary occlusion.

PMID- 685837
TI  - Regional redistribution of myocardial blood flow after coronary occlusion and
      reperfusion in the conscious dog.
AB  - Early and late changes in regional myocardial blood flow distribution within the
      left circumflex coronary arterial bed after occlusion and after occlusion and
      reperfusion were compared with the extent of myocardial tissue necrosis.
      Radiolabeled microspheres, 15 micrometer, were used to study regional myocardial
      blood flow in conscious dogs at 5 minutes, 2 and 6 hours and 1 month after
      coronary occlusion. Blood flow was measured in conscious dogs whose hearts were
      reperfused for 72 hours after 2,6 and 24 hours of occlusion. Blood flow was
      measured in four distinct transmural myocardial zones delineated by dye
      injections and gross infarct features of the occluded left  circumflex coronary
      bed. After occlusion, myocardial flow was redistributed from deep layers to outer
      layers, and within 6 hours after occlusion collateral flow was increased to the
      outer zones in excess of redistributed flow. After reperfusion, blood flow
      greately increased to regions containing predominantly normal tissue, and flow
      was redistributed away from the necrotic zones. The indigenous collateral
      circulation was a major determinant of infarct size in the occluded and
      reperfused myocardium. The concept of a migrating and narrowing marginal zone is
      discussed.

PMID- 685838
TI  - Echocardiographic features of congenital mitral stenosis.

PMID- 685839
TI  - Combined nitroprusside-dopamine therapy in severe chronic congestive heart
      failure. Dose-related hemodynamic advantages over single drug infusions.
AB  - To assess the circulatory effects of afterload reduction and inotropism
      individually and in combination as rational therapy for refractory heart failure,
      nitroprusside and dopamine were administered to 13 patients with severe cardiac
      decompensation. Dopamine at average doses of 3 and 7 microgram/kg per min
      produced increases in cardiac output and reductions in peripheral resistance. At
      doses of 15 microgram/kg per min, dopamine increased heart rate, peripheral
      arterial pressure and side effects. Nitroprusside alone decreased left-sided
      filling pressures and increased cardiac output. When the agents were administered
      together, the increases in cardiac output were significantly greater than with
      either agent alone and there was physiologic improvement in overall circulatory
      function. The relations among changes in afterload (systemic impedence), preload
      (filling pressures) and cardiac index help to explain the salutary effects of
      combined therapy in patients with refractory heart failure.

PMID- 685841
TI  - Recurrent cardiac tamponade and large pericardial effusions: management with an
      indwelling pericardial catheter.
AB  - A new technique, using an atraumatic indwelling catheter, has been developed for
      short-term management of large or rapidly reaccumulating pericardial effusions.
      This technique (1) permits continuous pericardial fluid drainage, obviating
      repeated aspirations; (2) provides a convenient route for intrapericardial
      instillation of chemotherapeutic agents; and (3) enables one to await the results
      of diagnostic studies without subjecting a patient to thoracotomy. Experience in
      three patients suggests that in some cases the use of this catheter may eliminate
      the need for surgery; in others, it may serve as a valuable temporary measure to
      achieve stabilization of the patient's condition.

PMID- 685840
TI  - Human Electropharmacology of Tocainide, a lidocaine congener.
AB  - The electropharmacology of tocainide, an orally active congener of lidocaine, was
      evaluated in 10 patients with coronary artery disease. Electrophysiologic
      measurements including sinus nodal recovery time, sinoatrial conduction time,
      intraatrial conduction time, atrial, atrioventricular (A-V) nodal and ventricular
      refractory periods and intraventricular conduction time were obtained before and
      after intravenous infusion of tocainide. At blood levels shown to be effective
      against ventricular arrhythmias, tocainide produced no statistically significant
      changes in the electrophysiologic measurements, although occasional marked
      individual effects were observed. No side effects were observed during these
      studies. No adverse effects on A-V conduction were observed in patients with an
      intraventricular conduction disturbance or a prolonged control H-V interval.
      Thus, plasma tocainide concentrations effective in the therapy of ventricular
      arrhythmias exert no adverse effects on cardiac electrophysiologic properties in
      patients with coronary artery disease.

PMID- 685842
TI  - Diagnosis of dissecting aortic aneurysm with suprasternal echocardiography.
AB  - A 33 year old woman with Marfan's syndrome and aortic root dissection was studied
      with precordial and suprasternal echocardiography. The precordial approach
      revealed some typical features of aortic root dissection. With suprasternal
      echocardiography it was possible to visualize the characteristic diagnostic
      feature of this disease: within the aortic lumen an m-shaped pattern--the aortic
      intimal flap--moving downward to the posterior aortic wall during systole. The
      diagnosis was confirmed with aortic cineangiography and intraoperative findings.
      Thus, suprasternal echocardiography can be a useful method of detecting aortic
      root dissection, especially in patients with aortic arch dissection alone.

PMID- 685843
TI  - Systemic hypertension complicating tetralogy of Fallot: effects of
      antihypertensive therapy.
AB  - A 20 year old woman with tetralogy of Fallot and an associated atrial septal
      defect presented with severe hypertension and congestive heart failure. She had
      been acyanotic for several years. An acute trial of antihypertensive therapy
      during cardiac catheterization resulted in severe systemic oxygen desaturation
      and loss of consciousness. Since surgical correction, antihypertensive therapy
      has been well tolerated. This case demonstrates the hemodynamic importance of
      systemic vascular resistance in tetralogy of Fallot and the need for extreme
      caution if aggressive antihypertensive therapy is attempted before surgical
      correction.

PMID- 685845
TI  - American College of Cardiology news. President's page: membership services.

PMID- 685844
TI  - Effect of propranolol on fetal tachycardia in diabetic pregnancy.
AB  - Propranolol was administered during the last 20 days of pregnancy to a diabetic
      woman because of fetal tachycardia (heart rate approximately 200 beats/min). With
      a daily dose of 160 mg of propranolol, a fetal heart rat of 120 to 160 beats/min
      could be achieved. Blood concentration of propranolol was measured in the mother
      and infant after birth. The level in the neonatal blood was 20 percent of the
      maternal sample, which is definitely higher than expected from animal
      experiments. No undersirable effect of propranolol treatment was detected.
      Postpartum, the infant demonstrated paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, and
      propranolol was again essential in maintaining a normal rate.

PMID- 685846
TI  - Myocardial imaging with thallium-201: a multicenter study in patients with angina
      pectoris or acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - A multicenter study of rest and exercise thallium-201 myocardial imaging in 190
      patients from five centers was performed. Exercise images were obtained after
      graded treadmill or bicycle stress with use of five different gamma camera models
      and were interpreted by the originating investigator without knowledge of other
      clinical data. Of 42 patients with less than 50 percent coronary stenosis, 4 (10
      percent) had a resting image defect, 1 (2 percent) a new exercise defect and 5
      (12 percent) either a resting or an exercise image defect, or both. Of 148
      patients with coronary stenosis of 50 percent or greater, 64, (45 percent) had an
      image defect in the study at rest, 90 (61 percent) had new or increased defects
      after exercise, and 115 (78 percent) had resting or exercise defects, or both.
      New exercise image defects were more common than exercise S-T depression (90 of
      148 [61 percent] versus 62 of 148[42 percent]; P less than 0.01). In a second
      group of 111 patients with acute myocardial infarction studied at three centers,
      90 patients (81 percent) had image defects compared with 71 (64 percent) two had
      new electrocardiographic Q waves (P less than 0.01). Smaller infractions, as
      assessed with serum enzyme values, and diaphragmatic infarctions were less
      commonly detected than larger or anterior infarctions. These findings suggest
      that myocardial imaging complements the electrocardiographic identification of
      acute myocardial infarction of exericse-induced myocardial ischemia.

PMID- 685848
TI  - Metabolic response of the heart in acute myocardial infarction in man.

PMID- 685847
TI  - Exercise-induced left ventricular dysfunction in symptomatic and asymptomatic
      patients with aortic regurgitation: assessment with radionuclide cineangiography.
AB  - In patients with aortic regurgitation,, left ventricular dysfunction at rest,
      which is associated with a poor long-term prognosis, often develops before severe
      symptoms. To determine whether evidence of left ventricular dysfunction could be
      detected before it appeared at rest, 43 patients with severe aortic regurgitation
      were studied using radionuclide cineangiography during exercise. In 30 normal
      subjects, left ventricular ejection fraction increased during exercise (57 +/- 1
      percent [mean +/- standard error] at rest, 71 +/- 2 percent during exercise, P
      less than 0.001). In contrast, among 21 symptomatic patients, ejection fraction
      was normal at rest in 14 patients (average 47 +/- 2 percent) but normal during
      exercise in only one patient (average 38 +/- 2 percent, P less than 0.001).
      Ejection fraction was normal at rest in 21 of 22 asymptomatic patients (average
      62 +/- 2 percent) but was normal during exercise in only 13 (average 57 +/- 3
      percent, P less than 0.001). Thus, exericse-induced left ventricular dysfunction
      can precede symptoms and dysfunction at rest. Radionuclide assessment of left
      ventricular function during exercise may prove valuable in sequentially following
      the state of left ventricular function in patients before the onset of symptoms
      or of irreversible left ventricular failure.

PMID- 685849
TI  - Exercise training and plasma catecholamines in patients with ischemic heart
      disease.
AB  - A 3 month program of exercise training was carried out in 10 patients with
      ischemic heart disease to assess the contribution of catecholamines to the
      training effect of improved exercise capacity and enhanced myocardial oxygen
      delivery. Training resulted in a significant increase in maximal treadmill
      exercise time (mean +/- standard error the mean 374 +/- 28 versus 567 +/- 33
      seconds, P less than 0.0001). The heart rate-arterial pressure product, an index
      of myocardial oxygen consumption,  was decreased at rest and at all levels of
      exercise after training. After training, the mean plasma norepinephrine level
      during supine rest was reduced (320 +/- 23 to 191 +/- 20 pg/ml, P less than 0.01)
      and plasma epinephrine values were unchanged. When these previously sedentary
      patients exercised on a treadmill to the maximal level attained before exercise
      training, the mean plasma norepinephrne and plasma epinephrine concentrations
      were  significantly reduced. These data suggest that the beneficial adaptations
      of the cardiovascular system to exercise training are at least partially mediated
      by changes in the catecholamine response to exercise.

PMID- 685850
TI  - Slow filling period/rapid filling period ratio in the apexcardiogram: relation to
      the diagnosis of coronary artery disease.
AB  - Apexcardiograms were performed in 68 consecutive patients who had either normal
      findings or coronary artery disease on cardiac catheterization. The height of the
      a wave in relation to the total apexcardiographic deflection (a/H) and the
      duration of both the rapid (RFW) and the slow (SFW) filling periods were
      determined in each case. The patients were classified into three gorups: I, no
      evidence of heart disease on catheterization; II, significant coronary artery
      disease with elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure; and III, coronary
      artery disease with normal filling pressure. There was a significant difference
      (P less than 0.001) between the SFW/RFW values (mean +/- 1 standard deviation) in
      control subject (group I, 2.3 +/- 0.5) and in subjects with coronary artery
      disease (group II, 4.7 +/- 1.6 and group III, 4 +/- 1.7). Setting the upper limit
      of normal for SFW/RFW at 2.8 (mean + 1 standard deviation) identified 94 percent
      of patients, in group II, 71 percent of patients in group III and 86 percent of
      all patients with coronary disease (group II plus group III). This sensitivity
      appeared greater than that of the a/H ratio. Only 2 of 17 patients (12 percent)
      without coronary atherosclerosis had an SFW/RFW ratio greater than 2.8. It is
      concluded that (1) the slow/rapid filling period ratio is a useful noninvasive
      measurement for identifying subjects with ischemic heart disease; (2) the
      increased values for slow/rapid filling period ratio associated with obstructive
      coronary lesions may be caused by impairment of early left ventricular
      distensibility; and (3) this ratio should be determined in patients with other
      forms of heart disease to determine its specificity.

PMID- 685851
TI  - Echocardiography: pericardial thickening and constrictive pericarditis.
AB  - A total of 167 patients with pericardial thickening noted on M node
      echocardiography were studied retrospectively. After the echocardiogram, 72
      patients underwent cardiac surgery, cardiac catheterization or autopsy for
      various heart diseases; 96 patients had none of these procedures. In 49 patients
      the pericardium was directly visualized at surgery or autopsy; 76 percent of
      these had pericardial thickening or adhesions. In another 8 percent, pericardial
      adhesions were absent, but no comment had been made about the appearance of the
      pericardium itself. In the remaining 16 percent, no comment had been made about
      the pericardium or percardial space. Cardiac catheterization in 64 patients
      revealed 24 with hemodynamic findings of constrictive pericarditis or effusive
      constrictive disease. Seven echocardiographic patterns consistent with
      pericardial adhesions or pericardial thickening are described and related when
      possible to the subsequent findings at heart surgery or autopsy. The clinical
      diagnoses of 167 patients with pericardial thickening are presented. The
      hemodynamic diagnosis of constrictive pericardial disease was associated with the
      echocardiographic finding of pericardial thickening, but there were no consistent
      echocardiographic patterns of pericardial thickening diagnostic of constriction.
      However, certain other echocardiographic abnormalities of left ventricular
      posterior wall motion and interventricular septal motion and a high E-Fo slope
      were suggestive of constriction.

PMID- 685852
TI  - Initiation of two distinct forms of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia
      during programmed ventricular stimulation in man.

PMID- 685853
TI  - Progressive transmural electrographic, myocardial potassium ion/sodium ion ratio
      and ultrastructural changes as a function of time after acute coronary occlusion.
AB  - The progressive transmural electrographic, biochemical and ultrastructural
      changes as a function of time after acute coronary occlusion were systematically
      assessed in eight dogs. Transmural plunge electrodes with poles 1 mm apart were
      placed in the ischemic and nonischemic zones, and coronary occlusion was
      maintained for 4 hours. Transmural full thickness biopsy specimens were obtained
      from each zone for electron microscopy before, and 1 and 4 hours after occlusion.
      Endocardial and epicardial layers were also obtained for assessment of myocardial
      potassium ion (K+) and sodium ion (Na+) concentrations. Before coronary
      occlusion, local Q waves were recorded an average depth of 1.0 +/- 0.34 mm from
      the endocardial surface. After 1 hour of occlusion, Q waves appeared at an
      average depth of 3.8 +/- 0.67 mm and progressed to a depth of 5.2 +/- 0.7 mm at 2
      hours, 6.2 +/- 0.5 mm at 3 hours and 7.0 +/- 0.5 mm at 4 hours. After 1 hour,
      ultrastructural changes of early ischemia, including a decrease in glycogen and
      mild mitochondrial swelling, were seen in the endocardial layer; the epicardial
      layer showed normal morphologic features. After 4 hours, the endocardial layer
      showed  well developed ischemic changes marked by the loss of mitochondrial
      cristae, vacuolization, the appearance of amorhopous mitochondrial cristae,
      vacuolization, the appearance of amorphous mitochondrial densities, an increase
      in interfibrillary space and the appearance of I bands. In contrast, the
      epicardial layer at this time showed only early ischemic changes. At the end of 4
      hours, the endocardial layer showed a marked decrease in myocardial K+ 
      concentration and an increase in Na+ concentration leading to complete reversal
      of K+/Na+ ratio (0.7 +/- 1.0; P less than 0.001). In the epicardial layer, a
      smaller decrease in K+ concentration and an increase in Na+ concentration
      occurred, resulting in a diminution but not a reversal of K+/Na+ ratio (1.4 +/-
      0.2; P less than 0.005). Thus, the dynamic evolution of an acute myocardal
      infarction involves a sequential progression from endocardium to epicardium as a
      function of time, resulting in an epicardial "border zone" in the early stages
      after acute coronary occlusion.

PMID- 685854
TI  - Computer-assisted reporting system for the follow-up of patients with prosthetic
      heart valves.
AB  - The implantation of large numbers of prosthetic heart valves carries with it the
      responsibility for continual reassessment of all aspects of patient management.
      Experience with more than 2,000 prosthetic valve operations since 1963 led to the
      development of a comprehensive computer-assisted data collection, management and
      reporting system. Over a 5 year period, data forms were developed for the
      detailed documentation of preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative
      information. These were designed in the form of checklists suitable for direct
      computer entry with use of mark-sense document readers. Special emphasis was
      placed on preoperative assessment of ventricular function, valve selection,
      intraoperative myocardial preservation, postoperative rehabilitation and
      prosthetic valve-related complications. This system makes possible rapid computer
      generation of a variety of reports to the referring physician regarding the
      individual patient and to the clinical investigator in relation to patient group
      statistics. Also, questionnaires to patients of physicians, or both, to update
      patient data can be produced by the computer at appropriate intervals after valve
      surgery. Experience indicated that a computer-assisted methodology is the only
      practical way to provide adequate follow-up of large groups of patients.
      Additionally direct access to relevant information helps to create an environment
      in which essential research can be carried out in the face of a demanding
      clinical practice.

PMID- 685855
TI  - Transvascular endomyocardial biopsy in infants and small children: description of
      a new technique.
AB  - A miniaturized technique for transcatheter endomyocardial biopsy has been
      developed in the belief that myocardial biopsy performed in infancy, when the
      disease process in cardiomyopathy may be most active, should yield important
      etiologic and nosologic information. To obtain six biopsy specimens, three from
      each ventricle, adds about 1 hour to a diagnostic right and left heart
      catheterization. A no. 4 or 5 French forceps with a modified soft shaft is guided
      to the site in theapical septum of the right and left ventricles through a
      previously molded to measure guide tube of ultrathin radiopaque Teflon. With
      biplane fluoroscopy the guide tube of ultrathin radiopaque Telflon. With biplane
      fluorsocopy the guide tube is introduced as a sheath over a matching catheter and
      the catheter is removed. Contrast medium in injected to verify position, the
      forceps is introduced and the biopsy specimen is taken. If the forceps is sharp
      and pressure on the endocardium in light, evidence of biopsy is not discrenible
      on examination of the heart 1 week later. The method was developed in small dogs
      and proved safe and effective in rabbits weighing 3 kg. Biopsy has been performed
      safely in children aged 4 1/2 months to 5 1/2 years and weighing 4.5 to to 19.6
      kg.

PMID- 685856
TI  - Life expectancy without surgery in tetralogy of Fallot.
AB  - All published autopsy cases of patients with tetralogy of Fallot who died without
      surgical treatment were studied to determine the life expectancy of such persons.
      In addition, the data from a study of persons with tetralogy alive in Denmark in
      1949 were reanalyzed. The survival data from these two sources were remarkably
      similar, indicating that 66 percent of persons with tetralogy of Fallot not
      treated surgically live to age 1 year, 49 percent to age 3 years and 24 percent
      to age 10 years; thereafter, the hazard function (or instantaneous risk of death)
      remains constant. The chance of survival is significantly less when pulmonary
      atresia, rather than stenosis, is present.

PMID- 685857
TI  - Association of interrupted aortic arch with malformations producing reduced blood
      flow to the fourth aortic arches.
AB  - Interrupted aortic arch is a rare congenital malformation of the great arteries
      with loss of continuity between the proximal portion of the aortic arch and the
      descending aorta, which is usually supplied by a patent ductus arteriosus. The
      hearts of 12 patients with interrupted aortic arch listed in the autopsy files of
      The Johns Hopkins Hospital were evaluated. Four categories were identified. Seven
      hearts with normal outflow tract relations had significant pulmonary arterial
      override of a ventricular septal defect and thus recevived part of left
      ventricular and all of right ventricular ejection flow; flow into the aorta was
      correspondingly reduced. Two hearts had mitral valve obstruction with decreased
      left heart flow. Two hearts had double inlet left ventricle and transposed great
      arteries with the aorta originating from a small anterior conal chamber. One
      heart had a truncus malformation with a disproportionately large flow entering
      the pulmonary arterial division. In each of these hearts, the pattern of the
      outflow tracts and associated malformations suggested that there was a
      preferential flow of blood into the sixth arches and correspondingly a reduced
      flow into the fourth arches at the time of normal disappearance of components of
      the embryonic aortic arch system. Thus, interrupted aortic arch may simply be
      disappearance of the normally persisting connection between the left fourth and
      sixth arches as a result of flow imbalance in early cardiogenesis.

PMID- 685858
TI  - Antiarrhythmic drug effect assessed from ventricular arrhythmia reduction in the
      ambulatory electrocardiogram and treadmill test: comparison of propranolol,
      procainamide and quinidine.
AB  - A 5 week study was performed in 17 patients with frequent ventricular ectopic
      complexes. The study design comprised an initial control period, 1 week each of
      treatment with propranolol (240 mg daily), procainamide (3.0 g daily) and
      quinidine (1.8 g daily) and a final control period. Twenty-four hour ambulatory
      electrocardiograms and maximal exercise tests were performed each week. For the
      group, the total number and qualitative types of ventricular ectopic complexes
      were similar during the two control periods; however, there were large variations
      among individual patients. Each drug reduced the total number of ventricular
      ectopic impulses and the percent of patients with each qualitative type. There
      was agreement between the ambulatory electrocardiogram and treadmill test in
      three quarters of the drug evaluations. Although it is possible to determine
      antiarrhythmic drug effects for a group, spontaneous variability in the
      occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias makes it difficult to evaluate the effects
      in individual patients.

PMID- 685859
TI  - Retrograde block during dual pathway  atrioventricular nodal reentrant paroxysmal
      tachycardia.
AB  - There are limited reported data regarding the occurrence of retrograde block
      during dual pathway atrioventricular (A-V) nodal reentrant paroxysmal
      tachycardia. This study describes two patients with this phenomenon. The first
      patient had 2:1 and type 1 retrograde ventriculoatrial block during the common
      variety of A-V nodal reentrance (slow pathway for anterograde and fast pathway
      for retrograde conduction). Fractionated atrial electrograms suggested that the
      site of block was within the atria. The second patient had type 1 retrograde
      block (between the A-V node and the low septal right atrium) during the unusual
      variety of A-V nodal reentrance (slow pathway for retrograde and fast pathway for
      anterograde conduction). The abolition of retrograde block by atropine suggested
      that the site of block was within A-V nodal tissue. Both cases demonstrate that
      intact retrograde conduction is not necessary for the continuation of A-V nodal
      reentrant paroxysymal tachycardia. Case 2 supports the hypothesis that the atria
      are not a requisite part of the A-V nodal reentrant pathway.

PMID- 685860
TI  - Electrophysiologic observations in a patient with bradycardia-dependent
      atrioventricular block.
AB  - In a patient with atrioventricular (A-V) block distal to the His bundle (H), 1:1
      A-V conduction with right bundle branch block and H-V interval of 70 msec was
      established with atrial pacing at rates of 120 to 150/min, suggesting that the A
      V block was bradycardia-dependent. Advanced second degree A-V block distal to the
      H deflection occurred with atrial pacing at 160/min after completion of A-V nodal
      Wenckebach periodicity proximal to the H deflection because of the long H-H
      encompassing the blocked P wave. Atrial extrastimulus testing coupled with sinus
      rhythm (with A-V block) demonstrated that critical H1-H2 intervals of less than
      545 msec allowed conduction to the ventricles. The H2-V2 interval shortened
      progressively from 290 to 70 msec with shortening of these critical H1-H2
      intervals. Atrial extrastimulus testing coupled with an atrial driven cycle
      lenght of 500 mesc (with intact A-V conduction) revealed block of the H2
      deflection with an H1-H2 interval longer than 540 msec. In conclusion, at
      critical diastolic intervals, impulses were blocked, creating a state of
      decreased responsiveness. If a cycle length of subsequent impulses was shorter
      than the critical diastolic blocking interval, membrane responsiveness gradually
      improved and conduction resumed. If a cycle length of subsequent impulses was
      longer than the critical blocking diastolic interval, A-V block was sustained.
      Blocked impulses continually penetrated to the site of block and reset the state
      of membrane responsiveness.

PMID- 685861
TI  - Remission of angina pectoris.

PMID- 685862
TI  - Exercise testing in chronic stable inferior myocardial infarction.

PMID- 685863
TI  - Delayed return of electrocardiographic tracing after defibrillatory electric
      shock caused by electrocardiographic monitor/electrode incompatibilities.

PMID- 685864
TI  - Atropine and sinus nodal recovery time.

PMID- 685865
TI  - Verapamil and sudden death.

PMID- 685866
TI  - Lown's unusual case of effort angina.

PMID- 685867
TI  - Changes in the crude fiber content of the American diet.
AB  - The intake of crude fiber in the American diet was assessed for 7 time periods
      between 1909 and 1975 using food consumption and composition tables. Crude fiber
      intake dropped 28% from 6.8 g/day in 1909 to 4.9 g/day in 1957 to 1959 and has
      remained at that level until the present. The intake of fiber from vegetables has
      remained relatively constant from 1909 to 1975 while potatoes, fruit, cereals,
      dry peas, and dry bean consumption have declined. The trends shown for crude
      fiber consumption in the United States support the hypothesis that fiber intake
      has decreased coincidentally with increases in degenerative diseases.

PMID- 685868
TI  - Urolithiasis in Manipur (north eastern region of India). Incidence and chemical
      composition of stones.
AB  - The incidence of urolithiasis in Manipur is very high. From hospital records for
      a period of 7 years and 3 months, it was observed to be 11.6% of all general
      surgery cases in the General Hospital, Imphal. This is alarmingly high. The
      social, eating, drinking, and living habits are different among the three major
      populations in this state. The prevalence was minimal among Tribals. Compared to
      them the prevalence was about one and one half times higher among Muslims (also
      called Pangals) and seven times higher among Hindus. Surprisingly, the incidence
      of renal calcalus was higher in females. One hundred ninety-six stones were
      studied by wet chemical analysis. Calcium and oxalate were present in all stones.
      Phosphate was present in 194 stones and uric acid (including urate) was present
      in 146 stones.

PMID- 685869
TI  - Amino acid and protein metabolism in renal failure.
AB  - There are many cAUSES OF ALTERED AMINO ACID AND PROTEIN METABOLISM IN UREMIA
      WHICH MAY Lead to impaired growth, wasting, malnutrition, and other aspects of
      the uremic syndrome. These causes have complex interrelationships that are not
      well understood. The factors include altered nutrition due to poor intake, losses
      of nutrients during dialysis, and abnormal metabolism of many nutrients. Uremic
      toxins, superimposed catabolic illnesses, elevated or reduced serum hormone
      levels, reduced capacity of the kidney to synthesize certain amino acids and to
      degrade other amino acids, peptides, and small proteins, and decreased excretion
      of certain amino acids and peptides may also contribute to altered amino acid and
      protein metabolism. The response of certain plasma amino acids to protein
      restriction appears to differ in uremic patients as compared to normal subjects.
      Increased plasma levels of many products of amino acids and proteins in renal
      failure are due primarily to decreased urinary clearance by the kidney. However,
      for some metabolites, increased synthesis or decreased degradation may also
      contribute to elevated levels. These latter compounds include guanidinosuccinic
      acid, methylguanidine, certain middle molecules, and in some patients,
      phenylpyruvic acid.

PMID- 685870
TI  - Pathogenesis and significance of hormonal-metabolic derangements in uremia.

PMID- 685871
TI  - Effects of catabolic stress in acute and chronic renal failure.
AB  - The degree of catabolism was studied in a group of seven patients with
      postsurgical acute renal failure, and net protein catabolism of 43.1 to 927
      g/day. In 70% of a group of 30 patients with stable chronic renal failure
      receiving and 18 g high biological value protein diet, urea synthesis was
      equivalent to what could be accounted for by the protein content of the food.
      This equivalence was not found in studies in both adults and children who were
      treated for catabolic chronic renal failure. Data obtained show the superiority
      of feeding essential amino acids with an adequated caloric supply. The need for
      studies aimed at adapting the uremic patient to protein depletive mechanisms is
      strongly stressed.

PMID- 685872
TI  - Calcium metabolism in patients with nephrotic syndrome. A state with vitamin D
      deficiency.

PMID- 685873
TI  - Metabolism of urea cycle intermediates in chronic renal failure.

PMID- 685874
TI  - Nitrogen metabolism in the gut.
AB  - All three of the major human nitrogenous waste products--urea,, creatinine, and
      uric acid--are significantly degraded by intestinal bacteria. The breakdown
      products of creatinine and uric acid are not fully known, but metabolites of
      these complex heterocyclic nitrogen compounds may well turn out to play a role in
      uremic toxicity. Urea degradation is almost certainly by way of ammonia, but the
      exact site of urea hydrolysis in the alimentary tract is not known, and it is
      uncertain whether urea is the major source of intestinal ammonia. Ammonia is
      absorbed from the colon predominantly in unionized form, and the bicarbonate ion
      secreted by the colonic mucosa plays an important role in facilitating this
      absorption.

PMID- 685875
TI  - Effects of intestinal flora on nitrogen metabolism in patients with chronic renal
      failure.
AB  - Gastrointestinal bacteria have been thought to be beneficial to uremic patients
      since they could provide an internal source of nitrogen by degrading urea and
      could function as an alternative means of clearing waste products. Data are
      presented to indicate that the bacteria of uremic patients do not clear
      significantly more urea than do the intestinal flora of normal subjects. Analysis
      of urea metabolism before and during oral administration of aminoglycoside
      antibiotics demonstrated that nitrogen derived from urea is not used by uremic
      patients for amino acid synthesis. In addition, it was found that nitrogen
      balance, on the average -0.98 +/- 0.41, significantly improved to -0.18 +/- 0.29
      g N per day during the antibiotic period. The possible explanation for this are
      discussed. It is concluded that intestinal bacteria adversely affect uremic
      patients by promoting catabolism and by producing toxins which accumulate in body
      fluids.

PMID- 685876
TI  - Anabolic role of urea in renal failure.
AB  - The amount of urea nitrogen released and the amount reincorporated into albumin
      has been measured in healthy and uremic individuals on both normal and low
      protein diets. The albumin synthesis rate was measured simultaneously. Gut urea
      breakdown was only 50% higher in renal failure than in health, but the efficiency
      of utilization of the nitrogen thus released was increased more than 6-fold in
      renal failure and was higher on a low protein than on a normal protein diet. The
      lower the albumin synthetic rate, the greater was the efficiency of incorporation
      of urea nitrogen into albumin. The rate of urea nitrogen incorporation into
      albumin increased on average 14-fold in chronic renal failure. The absolute rate
      of utilization (84 mumole/hr) was, however, small and comprised on average only
      2.4% of the nitrogen used in albumin synthesis. These findings suggest that
      although some urea derived nitrogen is incorporated into albumin, the amount is
      not nutritionally significant even under conditions of protein deprivation and
      high urea availability.

PMID- 685877
TI  - The metabolism of human serum albumin in renal failure on conservative and
      dialysis therapy.
AB  - The pathophysiology of albumin metabolism in uremia was investigated by turnover
      measurements in a large series of uremic patients, either on conservative
      management or on dialysis therapy. A total of 62 turnover studies were performed
      in patients on dietary treatment, divided into two groups according to the
      duration of the low protein diet: 35 subjects from 6 to 30 days, 27 subjects from
      6 months to 5 years. Albumin catabolism and distribution were measured by the two
      tracer technique (131I-albumin and 125I-iodide, simultaneously injected iv),
      while albumin synthesis was directly determined in 10 patients by the use of 14C
      carbonate and 131I-albumin. Sixteen turnover studies were also performed in a
      group of end-stage uremics on dialysis therapy by a two-tracer procedure
      especially designed to determine albumin catabolism in the course of a single
      peritoneal or hemodialytic treatment. The main features of albumin metabolism
      observed in the patients on dietary management were: normal intravascular albumin
      mass, marked reduction of the extravascular and total albumin pools, with
      proportionally reduced catabolism. No significant turnover difference was found
      between the short-term diet group and the patients on low-protein diet from 6
      months to 5 years. As to the uremics on dialysis therapy, catabolic rate of
      albumin was 3-fold increased in three patients showing clinical features of
      "hypercatabolism" in the early phase of uremia, or during relapse from it.
      Albumin turnover rate returned to normal when measured during clinical steady
      state conditions. All these findings suggest that a marked body protein depletion
      exists in chronic uremia, and that dietary treatment per se is not responsible
      for such a depleted state. Instead, the depletion of protein stores observed in
      the steady phase of chronic uremia may have been originated by the exaggerated
      increased catabolism in the early phase of renal failure, not compensated by a
      proportional increase of the synthetic rate, due to both the state of uremic
      intoxication and to the reduced dietary protein intake during the early phase.

PMID- 685878
TI  - Free plasma and muscle amino acids in uremic children.

PMID- 685879
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of essential amino acids in chronic dialysis-patients.
AB  - Possible disorders of essential amino acid (EAA) metabolism in maintenance
      dialysis patients (D) were studied by measuring plasma amino acids before and
      sequentially after administering a mixture of 8 EAA po and iv. The EAA were in a
      ratio similar to that required for optimal utilization, and the total dose given
      was within physiological range. Ten D and six normals (N) received 150 mg/kg po
      as a 10.5 g/dl solution and 117 mg/kg iv as a 5.1 g/dl solution infused at a
      constant rate of mg/kg per min. Blood glucose and immunoreactive insulin were
      also measured. Both D and N were postabsorptive and at least 18 hr postdialysis.
      The fraction of the oral dose appearing in the systemic circulation was variable
      for each EAA in both N and D. Total body clearance was significantly lower in D
      (P less than 0.05) for theronine, phenylalanine, valine, leucine, and isoleucine,
      and this difference could not be explained by changes in renal excretion. The
      apparent volume of distribution did not differ between N and D for all EAA except
      for valine and phenylalanine. Blood glucose insulin varied only slightly in both
      N and D for all EAA except for valine and phenylalanine. Blood glucose and
      insulin varied only slightly in both N and D. These studies indicate that there
      are a variety of significant abnormalities in the metabolism of specific EAA in
      D. Decreased total body clearance of the branched-chain amino acids, since they
      are primarily metabolized total body clearance of the brnached-chain amino acids,
      since they are primarily metabolized by muscle, may result from a defect in
      muscle metabolism in D.

PMID- 685880
TI  - Valine metabolism in normal and chronically uremic man.
AB  - Valine metabolism was investigated in five normal and three nondialyzed
      chronically uremic subjects eating 40 +/- SEM 1 and 53 (range 40 to 80) protein
      diets respectively, in a metabolic research unit. Subjects were injected iv with
      a tracer dose of L-valine-1-14C while they fasted, and specific activity of
      plasma valine-14C and expiration of 14CO2 were monitored for two hours. Plasma
      valine was significantly lower in the uremic patients than in the normal subjects
      (P less than 0.05). In the uremic patients, specific activity of plasma valine
      fell less rapidly and remained higher, and expiration of 14CO2 was not different
      from normal subjects. A two-pool model for valine metabolism was derived which
      indicated that in uremic patients there was a significant decrease in both valine
      pools and in the rate of irreversible loss, i.e., valine incorporated into larger
      molecules, degraded, or excreted. Valine degradation was estimated to be
      decreased in the uremic patients.

PMID- 685881
TI  - Assessment of nitrogen requirements.

PMID- 685882
TI  - Methods for assessing amino acid requirements and the effectiveness of alpha-keto
      acid analogs as substitutes for amino acids.

PMID- 685883
TI  - Protein restriction in the conservative management of uremia.
AB  - Protein-restricted diets are widely used in the dietary management of uremia.
      These diets are undoubtedly effective in ameliorating many aspects of the uremic
      syndrome. However, there is no consensus as to whether diets providing less than
      0.6 g/kg per day of protein are nutritionally adequate and capable of preventing
      the wasting syndrome. Wasting is common in the adult patient with renal
      insufficiency as is growth failure in the uremic child. There is some evidence
      that wasted patients do less well on hemodialysis and are more prone to
      infection. Experimental studies in uremic animals point ot diminihsed efficiency
      of utilization of protein, increased gluconeogenesis from animo acids, and
      increased catabolism of protein in the fasting state; in addition, the metabolism
      of a number of individual amino acids is altered in uremia. In view of these
      multiple abnormalities, it would seem unwise to routinely provide less than the
      Recommended Daily Allowances of protein. More recent developments, i.e.,
      supplementation of essential amino acids and perhaps alpha keto acids, may
      provide useful alternatives. One important aspect of dietary management, i.e.
      prevention of hyperlipidemia, has attracted surprisingly little attention so far.
      Therapy with protein restricted diets in nondialyzed uremic patients has to
      compete with other modalities of treatment currently available, i.e.,
      hemodialysis and transplantation, in providing optimal medical rehabilitaiton of
      the patient.

PMID- 685884
TI  - Megavitamin therapy.

PMID- 685885
TI  - Control of measles and rubella through use of attenuated vaccines.
AB  - A summary report of the current status of morbidity and mortality associated with
      measles and rubella vis a vis immunization practices in the United States since
      these vaccines were licensed in 1963 (measles) and 1969 (rubella) is presented.

PMID- 685886
TI  - Epidemiology of influenza.

PMID- 685887
TI  - Review of existing vaccines for influenza.
AB  - The problems of producing and distributing influenza vaccines are described as
      well as effectiveness and adverse reactions. It appears that Guillain-Barre (GBS)
      is likely to be encountered with the use of any of the inactivated influenza
      vaccines.

PMID- 685888
TI  - Studies with live attenuated influenza vaccines.
AB  - Inhibitor-resistant and temperature-sensitive live attenuated influenza virus
      vaccines were administered to normal volunteers and elderly and chronically ill
      persons to assess safety, antigenicity, and transmissibility. Recombinants of
      both types of vaccine were made using currently prevalent influenza virus strains
      (A/Hong Kong/68, A/England/42/72, A/Scotland/74, A/Victoria/75) over a five-year
      period to keep the vaccine relevant with regard to antigenic drift. The results
      indicate that both vaccine types are safe, antigenic and non-transmissible and
      that for both types of vaccines, recombinants can be made to new antigenic
      drifts. The inhibitor-resistant vaccine replicates to lower titers in the
      nasopharynx than the temperature-sensitive virus, and this is considered an
      advantage, whereas the genetic defect of the temperature-sensitive virus is
      better defined than that of the inhibitor-resistant vaccine.

PMID- 685889
TI  - Skeletal trauma in skateboard injuries.
AB  - Thirty fractures resulting from skateboarding have been treated in the past six
      months at the Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit. Although there have been no serious
      or unusual injuries, this represents a substantial increase over the previous
      year. Awareness of the hazards of this sport is the first step in reducing the
      frequency and seriousness of these injuries. As a result of our experience,
      safety guidelines for skateboarding are recommended for the parents of
      enthusiasts. We hope adherence to these guidelines will greatly reduce the number
      of injuries.

PMID- 685890
TI  - Erythroid aplasia in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - A 9-year old girl had clinical manifestations of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
      that were further complicated by severe anemia. Subsequent studies showed the
      anemia to be due to erythroid aplasia. Hematologic remission was induced with
      prednisone, 60 mg/day.

PMID- 685891
TI  - Effect of prednisone on growth and bone mineral content in childhood glomerular
      disease.
AB  - Children with acquired glomerular disease were divided into two groups: Group 1
      patients received short-term daily or long-term alternate-day prednisone (up to
      2.7 mg/kg/48 hr); group 2 patients received no corticosteroids. Height, bone
      mineral content (BMC), and bone density were evaluated in the two groups and
      compared to those of 800 sex- and age-matched controls; BMC and bone density were
      assessed by the photon absorption technique. Significant demineralization was
      present in 18 of 25 prednisone-treated and none of the 17 nonprednisone-treated
      patients (P less than .001). Group 1 patients were 5.3 +/- 0.7% shorter than
      controls, while group 2 patients were only 1.9 +/- .8% shorter (P less than .02).
      Height velocity was 2.6 +/- 0.8 cm/yr in group 1 and 5.1 +/- 0.8 cm/yr in group 2
      patients (P less than .05). When prednisone therapy was discontinued, six
      patients had an increase in height and BMC toward normal values. This study
      suggests that BMC and height velocity are correlated. Both appear to be
      influenced by alternate-day prednisone therapy rather than by glomerular disease
      per se.

PMID- 685892
TI  - Diagnostic value of the muscle biopsy in the neonatal period.
AB  - Muscle biopsy specimens of 20 full-term neonates (13 surgical and seven necropsy
      specimens) with clinical evidence of neuromuscular disease were studied to
      determine the diagnostic usefulness of this procedure in the newborn.
      Characteristic pathologic alterations were identified in specific diseases. Some
      findings were similar to those seen later in life, but others differed from those
      expected in the same diseases at older ages. Persistence of fetal muscle cells
      was a characteristic common to several congenital myopathies and neuropathies.
      Lymphocytic infiltrates, muscle fiber necrosis, and architectural alterations of
      the muscle fibers were not seen at birth. Extramedullary hematopoiesis may
      involve newborn muscle. Muscle biopsy is a safe and simple procedure in the
      neonatal period and has a diagnostic reliability as good as at older ages, but
      histochemistry and sometimes electron microscopy are essential supplements to
      classical histology for interpretation. Recommended indications for muscle biopsy
      in the neonatal period are multiple joint contractures at birth or hypotonia and
      weakness, of unknown origin.

PMID- 685893
TI  - Child abuse. Its relationship to birthweight, apgar score, and developmental
      testing.
AB  - Fifty-two abused and 23 nonabused children from a low socioeconomic group were
      studied with respect to birthweight, five-minute Apgar score, and developmental
      quotients. An association was found between low Apgar scores, low birthweight,
      poor performance on developmental testing, and child abuse. Furthermore, it was
      found that among children with normal birthweights, abused children tended to
      have lower Apgar scores and significantly lower developmental quotients. This
      study suggests that among this group of children, abuse and subsequent poor
      performance may be related not only to the socioeconomic status of the children
      but also to the characteristics the child brings to the parent-child relationship
      and to the abusive environment.

PMID- 685894
TI  - Radiological case of the month.

PMID- 685895
TI  - Stapedial hypoplasia in partial DiGeorge's syndrome.

PMID- 685896
TI  - Agammaglobulinemia.

PMID- 685899
TI  - Incorrect use of x2.

PMID- 685898
TI  - Wolfram syndrome.

PMID- 685897
TI  - Goldenhar syndrome and airway management.

PMID- 685900
TI  - Infectious mononucleosis.

PMID- 685901
TI  - Use of modified food starches in infant nutrition.

PMID- 685902
TI  - Obesity in urban black adolescents of high and low relative weight at 1 year of
      age.
AB  - The prevalence of obesity was determined in 789 9 to 15-year-old Philadelphia
      subjects who had either a high (+1 SD) or a low (-1, SD) relative weight at 1
      year of age. During the adolescent years, obesity was assessed by the triceps
      skin-fold thickness and by the relative weight, using national reference
      standards from the US Health Examination Survey. The prevalence of obesity for
      the high relative weight group at 1 year of age was three to four times higher
      than in the low relative weight group at 1 year of age. Compared with all urban
      youth of this age range, regardless of their status at 1 year of age, it is
      estimated that the risk ratio associated with a high relative weight at 1 year of
      age is approximately 1.6.

PMID- 685903
TI  - Consumptive coagulopathy. A complication of therapy of solid tumors in childhood.
AB  - The association of consumptive coagulopathy and malignancy is thought to be rare
      in pediatrics. In one patient with Ewing's sarcoma and in two with
      rhabdomyosarcoma consumptive coagulopathy developed in the presence of either
      diffuse metastatic disease or an extensive primary tumor. The coagulopathy was a 
      major clinical problem, developing within five days of the onset of chemotherapy.
      Resolution coincided with the clinical response of the tumor.

PMID- 685904
TI  - Limitations of emergency room evaluations of sexually abused children.
AB  - A retrospective review was performed on charts of all children who were treated
      in 1975 in the Strong Memorial Hospital (Rochester, NY) emergency room for
      alleged sexual abuse, suspicious conditions, or complaints related to the
      genitourinary system, and on a randomly selected comparison sample of children
      treated for acute otitis media during the same period. In 44 cases of otitis
      media, pediatric house officers' charting uniformly evidenced adequate care.
      However, in ten cases of alleged sexual abuse and 29 cases considered suspicious,
      the evaluations and care were significantly (.01 greater than P less than .001)
      less adequate. The young pediatric house officer deals with these problems, which
      are complicated by emotional overtones and psychosocial implications, less
      effectively than those with more clear-cut, routine diagnoses.

PMID- 685905
TI  - Guide to oral theophylline therapy for the treatment of chronic asthma.
AB  - Theophylline, when used appropriately, seems to be the most effective
      noncorticosteroid prophylactic medication for chronic asthma. Dosage, however,
      requires consideration of the relationship between serum concentration, efficacy,
      and toxicity, in addition to the variability in rates of elimination. Therapy is
      initiated with 16 mg/kg/day or 400 mg/day (whichever is less) in divided doses at
      appropriate intervals depending on the rate of absorption of the product used. If
      side effects are absent, the dosage is increased at three-day intervals until the
      age-related mean dosage necessary to produce a therapeutic level, is reached.
      Final dosage adjustment is generally based on a single determination of serum
      concentration; dosage requirements generally then remain constant for six to 12
      months depending upon the child's growth rate. Dosage adjustment in this manner
      optimizes benefit, minimizes risk of toxic effect, and avoids excessive numbers
      of serum theophylline measurements.

PMID- 685906
TI  - Critical malnutrition in breast-fed infants. Three case reports.
AB  - Three breast-fed infants of primiparous women had hypothermia, azotemia, and
      severe dehydration and malnutrition. No disease entities were identified.
      Although the cause of inadequate breast nutrition was unclear, these cases
      underscore the necessity for close follow-up and support of first-born breast
      feeding babies.

PMID- 685907
TI  - Staphylococcus aureus colonization and infection in newborn nursery patients.
AB  - The correlation between Staphylococcus aureus colonization and infection among
      newborns was studied during a four-year period. Of the 9,423 newborns cultured,
      24% were colonized at the time of discharge and in 2% of these an infection
      developed, whereas only 0.2% of the noncolonized newborns experienced a
      staphylococcal infection. The weekly colonization rates ranged from 0% to 62%,
      and outbreaks of infections (two or more concurrent) occurred periodically when
      the colonization rates ranged from 11% to 57%. Colonization rates per se did not
      serve as an indicator of an actual or potential outbreak of infection. Instead,
      the occurrence of two or more concurrent cases of staphylococcal infection or
      presumptive evidence of an outbreak seems to be a more reliable indicator than
      colonization monitoring.

PMID- 685908
TI  - Gluteal necrosis with foot-drop. Complications associated with umbilical artery
      catheterization.
AB  - A newborn infatn developed gluteal necrosis and foot-drop associated with
      umbilical artery catheterization. Clinical course of the infant's illness
      illustrates that the etiology was multifactorial, being related to the site of
      catheter tip placement, hypotension, and infusion of hypertonic glucose and other
      drugs via umbilical catheter.

PMID- 685909
TI  - Hyperuricemia in congenital heart disease.
AB  - Gout is rarely noted as a clinical problem in secondary polycythemia-- even if
      profound polycythemia exists, as in cyanotic congenital heart disease. A
      retrospective study of 81 patients with congenital heart disease was done to
      assess the incidence of hyperuricemia. Twenty of 46 patients with cyanotic
      congenital heart disease had serum levels of uric acid greater than 8 mg/dl.
      Thirteen of 16 (81%) cyanotic male patients more than 15 years old had serum
      levels greater than 8 mg/dl. For cyanotic patients, serum levels of uric acid
      were related directly to the degree of polycythemia (r = .44; P less than .02).
      Impaired renal function or drug therapy did not seem to account for the
      hyperuricemia. Because levels of uric acid greater than 10 mg/dl probably are
      nephropathic, many of these patients may be incurring subclinical uric acid
      nephropathy.

PMID- 685910
TI  - Pyloric atresia.
AB  - A case of pyloric atresia was treated successfully with side-to-side
      gastroduodenostomy. The mortality in treated cases is high, due to delay in
      diagnosis and inadequate relief of the obstruction. Side-to-side
      gastroduodenostomy or excision of the atresia with pyloroplasty offer the
      greatest opportunity for a successful outcome, as indicated by a review of the
      world literature.

PMID- 685911
TI  - Intraspinal enterogenous cysts. A case report and review of pediatric cases in
      the literature.
AB  - A patient with an intraspinal enterogenous cyst is described. A review of the
      English literature disclosed 26 previous pediatric cases reported. These cases
      were studied in regard to clinical presentation, laboratory findings, histology
      of the lesion, and neurological follow-up. Although rare, enterogenous cysts
      should be considered where there is evidence of spinal cord compression.

PMID- 685912
TI  - Radiological case of the month.

PMID- 685913
TI  - Congenital hypopituitarism and conjugated hyperbilirubinemia in two infants.

PMID- 685914
TI  - Rocky Mountain spotted fever in an infant: diagnosis in siblings.

PMID- 685915
TI  - Klippel-Feil malformation complex in fetal alcohol syndrome.

PMID- 685916
TI  - Mouthwash-induced hypoglycemia.

PMID- 685917
TI  - Meningococcal hydrocephalus.

PMID- 685918
TI  - Adrenal cortical carcinoma.

PMID- 685919
TI  - Adolescent pregnancy--a national priority.

PMID- 685920
TI  - Pulmonary perfusion imaging in congenital lobar emphysema.

PMID- 685921
TI  - A reevaluation of cholangiography.

PMID- 685922
TI  - Cholangiographic abnormalities in ulcerative colitis associated pericholangitis
      which resemble sclerosing cholangitis.
AB  - Cholangiographic abnormalities in asymptomatic patients with pericholangitis and
      long-standing ulcerative colitis, which resemble sclerosing cholangitis, have not
      been previously reported. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) performed
      in one such patient suggesting intrahepatic sclerosing cholangitis stimulated the
      study of seven additional patients with largely asymptomatic pericholangitis. In
      seven of these eight patients, ERC demonstrated abnormalities which resembled
      sclerosing cholangitis. These consisted of beading and strictures mainly of the
      intrahepatic biliary tree (IHB). In two of the eight, the common bile duct was
      involved. In one, this was associated with histologic progression to cirrhosis
      and frank cholangitic episodes even though the initial clinical presentation and
      hepatic histology 2 1/2 years earlier suggested only pericholangitis. We
      therefore conclude that bile duct abnormalities resembling sclerosing cholangitis
      may be demonstrated cholangiographically in patients with ulcerative colitis who
      present with the typical picture of pericholangitis.

PMID- 685923
TI  - The normal cholangiogram.
AB  - This paper describes the measurements of the normal cholangiogram as demonstrated
      by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Two groups of patients were
      studied. There were 49 patients who had normal livers and no evidence of biliary
      tract disease. In addition, there were 25 patients with known liver disease and
      an apparent normal extra-hepatic biliary tract. The extrahepatic bile duct was
      measured in three regions: (1) the common hepatic duct (above the cystic duct and
      below the bifurcation); (2) the prepancreatic portion (below the cystic duct and
      above the pancreas); and (3) the interpancreatic portion (bile duct within the
      pancreas). These measurements ranged from 2.1 to 9.2 mm. Although the common bile
      ducts were generally quite uniform in caliber, there were instances where each
      portion was the largest diameter in an individual case. There was slight increase
      in bile-duct caliber with age. This study showed somewhat smaller measurements
      than previously reported and may relate to case selection in this or previous
      studies.

PMID- 685924
TI  - Plasma amino acids imbalance in patients with liver disease.
AB  - The venous plasma amino acid patterns have been determined in 12 normal
      individuals and in 71 shunted and nonshunted cirrhotics in various grades of
      hepatic encephalopathy. The free amino acids have been determined by an amino
      autoanalyzer; the total and free tryptophan have been measured by a
      spectrophotofluorimetric method. In 14 instances, arterial plasma amino acid
      patterns have been measured simultaneously. High levels of aromatic and
      sulfurated amino acids and low levels of branched-chain amino acids have been
      constantly found in all cirrhotics. Methionine, phenylalanine, valine, leucine,
      tyrosine, and free tryptophan showed a statistical difference between controls
      and all other groups. These altered patterns did not correlate either with the
      grade or the evolution of the coma or with the presence of the surgical
      anastomosis. No statistical differences were found between arterial and venous
      values. The only amino acid which statistically correlated with the grade and
      evolution of the hepatic encephalopathy was free tryptophan. The molar ratios
      between the amino acids sharing the same transport system across the blood-brain
      barrier have been considered. A very good correlation with the grade of the
      mental disorder was found with the ratios free tryptophan/phenylalanine-tyrosine
      methionine-valine-leucine-isoleucine and free tryptophan/branched-chain amino
      acids.

PMID- 685925
TI  - Postprandial changes in serum concentrations of individual bile salts in normal
      subjects and patients with acute viral hepatitis.

PMID- 685926
TI  - Associated liver disease in alcoholic pancreatitis.
AB  - Two studies investigating the association of liver disease with acute and chronic
      pancreatitis in alcoholics are presented. In a retrospective study of 50
      patients, no clinical liver disease was found in 9 patients with acute
      pancreatitis, while 23 (56%) of 41 patients with chronic pancreatitis had liver
      disease by clinical criteria. Of this latter group, 8 were confirmed
      histologically; thus 19% of patients with chronic pancreatitis had biopsy-proven
      cirrhosis. Fifty alcoholic patients with pancreatitis were prospectively
      evaluated. All who had clinical evidence of liver disease were biopsied. No cases
      of liver disease were encountered in the 4 patients with acute pancreatitis.
      Although 28 (60%) cases of clinically diagnosed liver disease were present in 46
      patients with chronic pancreatitis, only 20 of these seemed significant
      (cirrhosis, alcoholic hepatitis, severe fatty liver), for an incidence of 43%.
      Thus, clinically significant alcoholic liver disease occurs quite frequently in
      association with alcoholic pancreatitis. This association is meaningful in more
      effective management of these patients in general and in preoperative assessment
      of the risk of surgery in particular.

PMID- 685927
TI  - Clofibrate therapy and gallstone induction.

PMID- 685928
TI  - Roentgen examination of the small bowel for detecting discrete localized lesions.

PMID- 685929
TI  - Celiac axis compression syndrome. A critical review.

PMID- 685931
TI  - Pancreatic retention cyst secondary to chronic pancreatitis. A cause of
      hemobilia.
AB  - We describe a 47-year-old male with chronic calcific pancreatitis who had a four
      year history of occult gastrointestinal bleeding with three prior
      hospitalizations. At endoscopy on the fourth admission, hemobilia was identified.
      Arteriography showed a 3-cm-diameter dye blush in the head of the pancreas. A
      retention cyst had eroded into an adjacent artery, causing bleeding. A stone at
      the ampulla of Vater apparently served as a ball valve to prevent massive
      hemorrhage. We discuss the pathogenesis of hemobilia in chronic pancreatitis and
      suggested therapy.

PMID- 685932
TI  - The aging esophagus.

PMID- 685930
TI  - Collagen metabolism in the liver. An annotated and supplemented report of a
      workshop at the National Institutes of Health on February 28 and March 1, 1977.

PMID- 685933
TI  - Lower esophageal sphincter hypotension or intragastric hypertension?

PMID- 685934
TI  - Colonic motility in domestic turkeys.
AB  - This study was performed to determine (1) if electrical slow waves could be
      recorded from the colon of turkeys, and (2) how ingesta moves into and through
      the colon despite colonic antiperistalsis. Electrical activity and contractile
      forces were monitored via implanted bipolar electrodes and strain gage
      transducers (SGT), respectively. Two types of slow waves, small (sSW) and large
      (lSW) were recorded simultaneously. The former were correlated with
      antiperistaltic contractions observed radiographically and with small
      contractions recorded with SGT, the latter were correlated with large
      contractions recorded via SGT. The sSW had higher frequencies distally than
      proximally while the frequency gradient for the lSW was just the opposite. The
      sSWs were believed to be involved in regulation of antiperistalsis while the lSW
      were believed to be involved in regulation of the large contractions which, on
      the basis of the lSW frequency gradient, appeared to be peristaltic and to be
      primarily responsible for aborad movement of colonic digesta. The small
      contractions were believed to be responsible for reflux of urine from the cloaca
      into the colon and ceca and for cecal filling.

PMID- 685935
TI  - Postoperative intestinal motility in dogs and sheep.
AB  - Electrical activity of the small intestine was recorded from chronically
      implanted electrodes in dogs and sheep. The effects of laparotomy and surgical
      procedures were identified under general anesthesia. Laparotomy induced in both
      species a complete inhibition of electrical spiking activity during the stage of
      muscular and peritoneal incision. The inhibitory period due to laparotomy was
      shorter in dogs than in sheep and in both species less marked at the duodenal
      level. A secondary period of inhibition (ileus) lasting from 6 hr for a resection
      of the colon to 24 hr for a transection of the small bowel was observed in dogs
      after a transient phase of normal activity during 3-6 hr. The period of
      inhibition due to abdominal surgery lasted from 48 to 72 hr and occurred at the
      time of surgery in sheep. In both species, inhibition due to laparotomy and
      surgical procedures was prevented by splanchnicectomy. The results showed that
      myoelectric activity of the different parts of the small intestine is
      specifically inhibited and/or disorganized through peripheral reflex pathways.
      They are activated at different degrees by laparotomy and abdominal surgery.

PMID- 685936
TI  - Effects of anesthesia and surgical procedures on intestinal myoelectric activity
      in rats.
AB  - Electrical spiking activity of the duodenum and jejunum was recorded from
      chronically implanted electrodes in rats during volatile or barbiturate
      anesthesia and following laparotomy. The normal pattern of electrical spiking
      activity in the fasted rat, with myoelectric complexes at 15-min intervals, was
      transiently replaced by quiescence during ethyl ether anesthesia. A slight
      increase in irregular spiking activity occurred after induction with
      pentobarbital, and the only effect of thiopental anesthesia was a reduction in
      the velocity of propagation of the complexes by 20%. Under barbiturate
      anesthesia, incision of the skin did not inhibit myoelectric activity, but
      incision of each abdominal muscle layer had an immediate and transient inhibitory
      effect; the deeper the layer, the longer was the inhibition. Peritoneal incision
      consistently produced inhibition of spiking activity which was prolonged by
      exposure of the bowel to air and intestine handling. The inhibitory effects
      produced by surgery persisted after vagotomy or transection of the spinal cord at
      the thoracic level but disappeared after splanchnicectomy. The above results
      suggest that a somatovegetative reflex with efferent pathways in the splanchnic
      nerves is involved in the first stage of operative inhibition of intestinal
      myoelectric complexes.

PMID- 685937
TI  - Potent reduction of basal acid output produced by meperidine.
AB  - Meperidine is a potent narcotic related chemically and pharmacologically to
      morphine and atropine. To examine its gastric antisecretory activity a study
      designed to test the effect of meperidine on basal acid secretion was carried
      out: 100 mg of meperidine given intramuscularly reduced basal acid output (BAO)
      by 66.3% at 1 hr (P less than 0.001), 64.9% at 2 hr (P less than 0.001), and
      44.9% at 3 hr (P = 0.005). This degree of reduction of BAO by this dose of
      meperidine did not differ from that produced by 30 mg of propantheline
      intramuscularly. These results demonstrate that meperidine in standard classical
      doses is a potent inhibitor of BAO in man.

PMID- 685939
TI  - Gastric bezoars. A technique of endoscopic removal.
AB  - Gastric bezoar formation is an uncommon sequela of gastroduodenal surgery or
      unusual eating habits. Because they generally produce severe symptoms, their
      removal is always necessary. Previously, this required surgical extirpation or
      slow enzymatic dissolution. We present here an endoscopic procedure for bezoar
      removal utilized successfully in five patients with vegetable-mucus bezoars. This
      technique employs a jet spray of water under direct vision to mechanically
      disrupt the bezoar, which may then be removed using a large gastric lavage tube.
      This procedure is simple, safe, and rapid and is therefore recommended as an
      alternative to surgical removal or enzymatic dissolution of gastric bezoars.

PMID- 685938
TI  - Bile lipid composition and bile acid pool size in diabetes.
AB  - Since the prevalence of gallstones is higher in diabetics than in controls and
      since cholelithiasis is often associated with supersaturated bile, we measured
      bile lipid composition and bile acid pool size in 8 patients with juvenile
      diabetes, 16 with maturity-onset diabetes, and 10 control subjects. Bile lipid
      composition was expressed as "saturation index." In the maturity-onset diabetics
      the saturation index (1.60 +/- 0.45 SDM) was significantly higher (P less than
      0.005) than that in the controls (0.82 +/- 0.20) and in patients with juvenile
      diabetes (0.75 +/- 0.24). The absolute values for biliary bile acid concentration
      were significantly lower (P less than 0.01) in the maturity-onset diabetics than
      in the other two groups. There were no differences in either the proportion of
      the individual biliary bile acids or the size of the bile acid pool between the
      three groups. The results suggest that the incidence of cholelithiasis in
      diabetes is associated with the secretion of a supersaturated bile only in the
      maturity-onset subgroup.

PMID- 685940
TI  - Validation of the use of a tube with a proximal occlusive balloon for measurement
      of intestinal absorption in man.
AB  - Because of its simplicity, a tube with a proximal occlusive balloon is widely
      used to measure segmental intestinal absorption in man. Yet, the possibility that
      the presence of an inflated balloon might alter the absorptive capacity of the
      underlying segment of intestine has never been tested. In the present work the
      jejunal absorption of water and ions has been measured in 13 healthy subjects
      with the proximally occlusive tube and with the triple lumen nonocclusive method;
      precautions were taken to achieve similar flow rate and ionic composition of the
      fluid entering the test segment with both techniques in each subject. Under these
      conditions net water and ion movements measured by the two methods were
      identical. This finding validates the use of the proximal occlusive tube to
      measure intestinal absorption in man.

PMID- 685942
TI  - Carcinoma of the esophagus: Is there a role for surgery? The case against
      surgery.

PMID- 685941
TI  - A comparison between intragastric titration and aspiration technique under basal
      conditions and after food or pentagastrin stimulation.
AB  - A total of 16 healthy subjects had gastric secretory studies where acid was
      either measured by the conventional aspiration technique (AT) or by intragastric
      titration at a pH of 5.0 (IT). In a first study food- and pentagastrin-stimulated
      PAO levels, both measured by IT, were within similar ranges. However, as compared
      to the respective AT data of the same subjects, the mean IT results were 35%
      higher, although both values were well correlated. In a second study a similar
      difference was observed between IT and AT data throughout the whole range of the
      pentagastrin dose-response curve. Both curves followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics
      and had similar Km values, while Vmax values were significantly higher at IT.
      This constellation excludes an increase of the gastrin sensitivity of the
      parietal cells as a cause for the higher IT data. It is, however, in keeping with
      the hypothesis that the distension stimulus present at IT potentiates the
      pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion. It is likely that methodological problems
      such as overtitration of acid at IT and transpyloric loss of acid at AT
      additively contribute to the relatively large difference between AT and IT
      values. It is therefore not possible to fully interchange AT and IT data, despite
      their good correlation.

PMID- 685944
TI  - Colonic varices. A complication of pancreatitis with splenic vein thrombosis.
AB  - A patient with recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding was found to have varices at
      the splenic flexure at colonoscopy. Angiography revealed complete occlusion of
      the splenic vein. Although the patient did not have cirrhosis, he did have a
      history of pancreatitis which presumably was responsible for the splenic vein
      thrombosis. This case represents a compartmentalized form of portal hypertension
      which requires careful endoscopic and radiographic studies for proper evaluation.
      Successful treatment was accomplished by splenectomy.

PMID- 685943
TI  - Clinical conference.

PMID- 685945
TI  - Methyldopa-induced pancreatitis.
AB  - An acute febrile illness associated with gastrointestinal upset developed in a
      patient within one week after starting treatment with methyldopa. The illness was
      characterized by prompt subsidence of symptoms when the patient withdrew therapy
      secondary to gastrointestinal upset, and recrudescence of symptoms when
      methyldopa therapy was reinitiated. This was associated with hyperamylasemia,
      hyperlipasemia, hyperpyrexia, and epigastric pain, both on admission to the
      hospital and upon rechallenge with methyldopa. Although gastrointestinal upset
      has been reported as an untoward side effect of methyldopa, this is the first
      report to our knowledge of documented methyldopa-induced hyperamylasemia and
      hyperlipasemia secondary to pancreatitis.

PMID- 685946
TI  - Pancreatic insufficiency and Menetrier's disease. Report of a case with clinical
      response to pancreatic enzyme replacement.
AB  - A patient with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency and hypoalbuminemic edema was
      shown also to have a protein-losing gastropathy secondary to giant hypertrophic
      gastritis (Menetrier's disease). Despite continuation of excessive gastric
      protein loss, the manifestations of hypoproteinemia were reversed by oral
      pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy. We speculate that impaired intraluminal
      proteolysis exaggerated the consequences of gastric protein loss.

PMID- 685947
TI  - Obese flapping women from North Carolina.

PMID- 685948
TI  - Vascular dysplasia.

PMID- 685949
TI  - Fulminant hepatic failure.

PMID- 685950
TI  - On the appearance, levels and regulation of pancreatic enzyme serum
      concentrations.
AB  - The evaluation of serum pancreatic enzyme activity on whole and diluted serum
      permits the estimation of serum enzyme inhibitor activity via a ADS/AWS ratio.
      This has diagnostic value in chronic pancreatic disease. The serum pancreatic
      ferment activity appears to be regulated in part by serum steroid levels. It is
      responsive to high protein diet. A physiologic rationale is presented for the use
      of steroids and high protein diet in the treatment of acute and chronic
      pancreatic inflammation.

PMID- 685951
TI  - Metabolism of bile acids by strains of Acinetobacter anitratum and Acinetobacter
      lwoffii.
AB  - The activity of two species of bacteria: Acinetobacter anitratum and
      Acinetobacter lwoffii, isolated from jejunum of patients with achlorhydria and
      Reichel-Polya resection towards bile salts was investigated. These species were
      not previously tested from this view point. All strains tested hydrolyzed bile
      salts; conjugates of deoxycholic acid were hydrolyzed more readily than those of
      cholic acid. This feature may be used as a bacteriological taxonomic criterion.

PMID- 685952
TI  - Vibriocidal antibody titer rise after rectal or anal administration of Vibrio
      cholerae in dogs.
AB  - In many developing countries and ablution with surface water is a daily habit.
      This water is heavily contaminated with microbes, raising the possibility that
      and contamination may lead to immune responses. This hypothesis was
      experimentally tested in 21 dogs by anal or rectal application of Vibrio cholerae
      suspension V. cholerae was recovered from rectal swab cultures for a mean of one
      day after rectal contamination and 2.5 days after anal application (P less than
      .02). Significant increases occurred in the geometric mean titer of serum
      vibriocidal antibody; this suggests the need for study of the possible role of
      anal ablution in maintaining serum vibriocidal antibody levels in endemic cholera
      areas.

PMID- 685953
TI  - Barrett's esophagus. Clinical review of 26 cases.
AB  - Barrett's esophagus was diagnosed in 26 men in a five-year period by
      demonstrating esophageal specialized columnar epithelium in target biopsies
      obtained at endoscopy or in peroral suction biopsies of the esophageal mucosa.
      The clinical, radiologic and manometric features of these patients were reviewed
      retrospectively. Esophageal lesions associated with this epithelium included
      distal and midesophageal strictures and ulcers, alone or in combination, or
      simply esophagitis. One patient had an associated adenocarcinoma. Twenty of 26
      (77%) had heartburn or regurgitation, 16 (62%) had easily elicited reflux of
      barium while supine and 16 of 17 tested had lower esophageal sphincter pressure
      in the incompetent range. Ninety-six percent had one or more of these parameters
      positive. This series demonstrates a wide spectrum of esophageal lesions in
      Barrett's esophagus, and supports the concept that this lesion occurs as a
      consequence of gastroesophageal reflux and erosive esophagitis. The case of
      adenocarcinoma in this series adds to the concern that the columnar lined lower
      esophagus may be a premalignant lesion.

PMID- 685954
TI  - Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the esophagus. Report of an unoperated autopsy case
      and review of literature.
AB  - The esophageal tumor which occurred in a 53-year old female and was
      histologically similar to the salivary mucoepidermoid carcinoma, showed local
      invasion at autopsy. No distant metastasis was noted. Our literature review
      showed invasive and metastatic nature of the tumor. Submucosal location of the
      tumor in our case supported the proposed origin of the neoplasm from the
      esophageal gland.

PMID- 685955
TI  - Improvement in esophageal abnormalities in a patient with scleroderma and
      features of polymyositis.
AB  - A patient with clinical features of both scleroderma and polymyositis, including
      esophageal dysfunction typical of scleroderma is described. Regression of her
      illness occurred along with manometric improvement in the esophageal dysfunction.
      Improvement in esophageal abnormalities in scleroderma has not been previously
      reported.

PMID- 685956
TI  - Systemic mercury intoxication following rupture of a Miller-Abbott tube.
AB  - Following rupture of a Miller-Abbott tube mercury bag a 39-year old woman,
      postoperative for resection of the right colon for diverticulosis and
      diverticulitis, developed signs and symptoms of systemic mercury intoxication. A
      small bowel fistula allowed the metallic mercury to aggregate in retroperitoneal
      tissues setting up an environment which was conductive to conversion of metallic
      mercury to divalent mercury, an absorbable product. Analysis of brain, kidney and
      urine following her demise showed markedly elevated mercury levels. To our
      knowledge this is the only reported case of such a complication. Clinicians
      should be wary of elemental mercury in the gastrointestinal tract in patients
      with suspected or proven enteric fistulas.

PMID- 685957
TI  - Retroperitoneal lymphangioma. A case report with review of the literature.
AB  - A case of retroperitoneal cystic lymphangioma is reported. Added to the 42 cases
      of retroperitoneal lymphangioma found from the English literature, this brings up
      the total of cases reported to date to 43. A critical review of the clinical
      picture and management of this condition is presented on the basis of these
      reported cases.

PMID- 685958
TI  - The effect of Imuran on pancreatic secretion. A preliminary report.
AB  - The acute administration of Imuran and hydrocortisone significantly decrease
      pancreatic flow and protein output in canines. This observed phenomenon may
      explain the gastrointestinal side reactions encountered in clinical usage of
      these potent immunosuppresants.

PMID- 685959
TI  - Spontaneous pneumoperitoneum with Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis in a patient
      with mixed connective tissue disease.
AB  - Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis (PCI), a disorder in which gas filled cysts
      develop within the bowel wall, has been associated with collagen vascular
      disease, usually progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS). We have extended the
      spectrum of collagen vascular disease associated with PCI by this report of a
      patient with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) who developed PCI and
      recurrent spontaneous pneumoperitoneum (SP). Possible pathogenetic mechanisms are
      reviewed and the management of the asymptomatic patient with pneumoperitoneum,
      PCI and collagen vascular disease is discussed.

PMID- 685960
TI  - Recent advances in gastrointestinal endoscopy.

PMID- 685961
TI  - The lower esophageal ring and esophageal reflux.
AB  - Although the lower esophageal ring is an important cause of dysphagia in adults,
      its pathogenesis is unknown. To better define the relationship between the lower
      esophageal ring and esophageal reflux, we analyzed, retrospectively, the records
      of 18 hospitalized patients with radiologically demonstrated rings (16 confirmed
      by endoscopy and/or surgery). In 16 of these patients, evidence of esophageal
      reflux including at least one of the following was present: overt esophagitis
      noted at endoscopy or surgery (14 cases), histologic evidence of esophagitis (3
      cases), and/or symptoms of pyrosis or free reflux (13 cases). These findings
      suggest that 1. reflux is frequently associated with lower esophageal rings and
      may play a role in their pathogenesis; 2. the radiologic finding of a ring should
      serve as a clue to the possibility of esophageal reflux and 3. long-term control
      of dysphagia in these patients may depend upon control of the associated reflux
      as well as mechanical disruption of the ring.

PMID- 685962
TI  - Jejunal bile salts and microflora in patients with partial gastrectomy.
AB  - Bile acids and microflora were studied in the proximal jejunum in 31 patients
      with Billroth I or II gastrectomy. At least 10(5) bacteria/ml., most frequently
      aerobic or facultative aerobic organisms, were isolated in 25 patients.
      Deconjugation diminished considerably in only three of seven patients with bile
      salt deconjugation treated with clindamycin. The relationship between bacterial
      overgrowth, deconjugation, steatorrhea, cholesterolemia and the relationship
      between bile salt concentration after testmeal and steatorrhea, are discussed.
      Bacterial overgrowth and bile salt deconjugation are only minor causes of
      steatorrhea in this series.

PMID- 685963
TI  - Computed tomography and abdominal diseases: a valuable diagnostic aid?

PMID- 685964
TI  - Entrapment of snare loop during polypectomy: a recurring problem.

PMID- 685965
TI  - An unusual case of portasystemic encephalopathy caused by splenic vein occlusion
      following gastrectomy.
AB  - A patient with recurrent episodes of consciousness disturbance following partial
      gastrectomy is presented. Angiographic examination revealed a great portasystemic
      shunt, which probably developed following the postoperative splenic vein
      thrombosis. This is suspected a rare cause of the condition. In chronic liver
      disease, recurrent encephalopathy which is caused by portasystemic shunt is well
      known as one of the most frequent complications. It is very uncommon in adults,
      however, when the liver is not concerned in the shunt formation. In the present
      paper the authors report an unusual case of recurrent consciousness confusion
      which is due to the great portasystemic shunt probably caused by postgastrectomy
      splenic vein thrombosis.

PMID- 685966
TI  - Squamous cell carcinoma of the stomach.
AB  - Squamous cell carcinoma of the stomach is a rare, unusual lesion which tends to
      occur at a somewhat earlier age than adenocarcinoma. Grossly and radiologically
      the tumor is indistinguishable from adenocarcinoma and may involve any portion of
      the stomach. Although the pathogenesis of this lesion remains unclear, most
      authors favor the "metaplastic theory" for the development of the tumor. In this
      case it is felt that the tumor probably arose from gastric squamous mucosa
      present congenitally in the lesser curvature.

PMID- 685967
TI  - Occlusion of the hepatic veins by an adrenal carcinoma.

PMID- 685968
TI  - Universal colitis: diagnostic significance of mucocutaneous lesions.

PMID- 685969
TI  - Bronchial asthma associated with intestinal parasites.
AB  - Fifty patients with bronchial asthma and 50 normal controls were studied in
      Hacettepe University Medical Center. Forty per cent of the patients with
      bronchial asthma and 14% of the controls had ascarides in the stool examinations.
      The significant difference in these two groups indicates that intestinal
      parasites, should be looked for in the patients with bronchial asthma.

PMID- 685970
TI  - Localized giant pseudopolyposis of the colon.
AB  - Localized giant pseudopolyposis is a rare complication in patients with
      inflammatory diseases of the colon which produces a huge intraluminal polypoid
      mass. Examples are described in a child with chronic ulcerative colitis in whom
      the lesion filled the rectum and in an adult with recurrent granulomatous
      ileocolitis in whom the mass was present in the transverse colon adjacent to a
      stenotic anastomosis. The clinical presentation, radiologic features and
      pathologic findings of this unusual sequela to inflammation are reviewed.

PMID- 685971
TI  - Energy expenditure, cigarette smoking, and blood pressure level as related to
      death from specific diseases.
AB  - In a 22-year followup of 3686 San Francisco longshoremen, the roles of physical
      activity, cigarette smoking habit, and systolic blood pressure level were
      evaluated independently in relation to risk of death from a broad range of
      diseases. Smoking pattern and blood pressure status were established in 1951 and
      job activity was assessed annually during the followup period. Lower levels of
      energy expenditure predicted increased risk of fatal heart attack and perhaps of
      stroke. Heavy cigarette smoking predicted increased risk of death from heart
      attack, cancer, chronic obstructive respiratory disease, and pneumonia. Higher
      levels of systolic blood pressure were associated with death from all
      cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and cirrhosis. Tacit to these
      findings: sedentary living takes its toll largely through heart disease and
      stroke; the toxicity of cigarette smoking is associated with a broader range of
      diseases, including heart attack, cancer, and respiratory disease; and higher
      level of blood pressure related to an even broader range of cardiovascular
      disease than either of the other characteristics studied.

PMID- 685972
TI  - A cluster of Hodgkin's disease in a small community: evidence for environmental
      factors.
AB  - A cluster of Hodgkin's disease (HD) cases occurred in a small rural town of 1250
      people. Ten cases of HD and three cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were identified
      within or linked to this town since 1954. This town therefore had an average
      annual incidence and mortality for HD of 29.3 and 16.7 cases per 100,000
      population, respectively. Most cases of HD demonstrated case-contact
      associations, and a distinct geographic distribution. The data suggested that
      there was an environmental agent responsible for the elevated rates of HD. One
      unique aspect of this cluster is that this town has only one industry, a large
      grain elevator. The cases closely surrounded this elevator. We postulate that
      residents of the town are subject to chronic immune stimulation from mitogenic
      substances in this environment. These agents may alter immunity in the residents
      of this community and predispose them to acquiring HD.

PMID- 685973
TI  - The relation of social factors to physical and psychiatric illness.
AB  - A study in social factors associated with illness status was conducted in an
      Australian suburban community. Forty six per cent of adults reported a chronic
      physical condition and twenty four per cent were psychiatrically impaired. Life
      event stress, adverse childhood experience and poor social support were related
      to both physical psychiatric illness. Low occupation status was associated with
      poor physical health and a poor coping style was associated with psychiatric
      illness. Twenty per cent of the physical illness and thirty seven per cent of the
      psychiatric impairment could be attributed to the presence of social factors.

PMID- 685974
TI  - Assessing effects of confounding variables.

PMID- 685975
TI  - An outbreak of histoplasmosis at an Arkansas courthouse with five cases of
      probable reinfection.
AB  - An outbreak of histoplasmosis occurred at a county courthouse in Arkansas in
      July, 1975. Fifty cases were identified by symptoms and positive complement
      fixation (CF) tests and 18 others by the clinical findings alone. Only three
      positive CF tests (greater than or equal to 1:8) were found in a control group of
      55 unexposed persons of the same age. The attack rate for 84 courthouse employees
      was 52%. Histoplasma capsulatum was isolated from the sputum of two cases, and
      from bird droppings which had been dumped from the roof of the courthouse two
      weeks before the epidemic's peak. Window air conditioners apparently helped to
      distribute infectious particles throughout the building. Nine exposed people had
      pulmonary calcifications and a negative tuberculin test that were taken as
      presumptive evidence of previous histoplasmosis. Five (55%) of these became ill.
      Exposed persons without pulmonary calcifications had an attack rate of 85%. The
      reinfected cases during convalescence had higher serum CF titers but not larger
      histoplasmin skin test diameters than the rest of the cases. A microdroplet
      aerosol of cooking oil was used to simulate air flow patterns during the
      exposure, and the results agreed with the hypothesized means of infection.

PMID- 685976
TI  - Alternatives to Rothman's approach for assessing synergism (or antagonism) in
      cohort studies.
AB  - K.J. Rothman has explored in some detail the issue of assessing the potential
      presence of synergism (or antagonism) in data generated from either a cohort or a
      case-control study. Arguing that the "natural" scale for quantifying the joint
      effects of two or more factors acting in combination is the probability scale, he
      has proposed a procedure based on a ratio-type index for evaluating two-factor
      interaction in the presence of non-zero background effects. In this paper, the
      authors review the rationale underlying Rothman's approach for a cohort study.
      They then present what they maintain is a simpler and more appropriate test
      procedure (utilizing a linear contrast of the observed risks) for the additive
      approximation to his basic probabilistic model of "no interaction." A likelihood
      ratio test based on his original model is also proposed, as well as a closed form
      approximation to it. Finally, the assessment of interaction in cohort studies
      involving exposure factors measured at more than two levels is addressed.

PMID- 685977
TI  - RE: "definitions of epidemiology".

PMID- 685978
TI  - More on certifying epidemiologists.

PMID- 685979
TI  - A simple device for long-term recollection in chronic disease studies.

PMID- 685980
TI  - RE: "simple estimation of population attributable risk from case-control
      studies".

PMID- 685981
TI  - Estimation versus detection in the assessment of synergy.

PMID- 685982
TI  - Health care institution labor law: case law developments, 1974-78.
AB  - This Article examines the key National Labor Relations Board and federal court
      interpretations of the much-heralded 1974 Health Care Institution Amendments to
      the National Labor Relations Act. It analyzes NLRB decisions that have resulted
      in a proliferation of separate employee bargaining units at health care
      facilities, and that have applied the strike notice provisions of the NLRA to
      labor disputes involving building trade employees engaged in construction at
      operating health care facilities. In addition, the Article examines the Board's
      decision to decline jurisdiction over employee unions representing interns and
      residents, and summarizes both the special NLRB rules designed to apply to union
      solicitation of employees at health care facilities and the conflicting circuit
      court decisions that have modified the Board's specialized solicitation rules.

PMID- 685983
TI  - Governmental regulation of health care: a response to some criticisms voiced by
      proponents of a "free market".
AB  - In this Comment, the Massachusetts Rate Setting Commissioner takes issue with the
      criticism of health care cost-containment regulation that was expressed by
      Professor Clark C. Havighurst in a recent edition of the Journal, and argues that
      instead of abandoning regulation in favor of various "free market" alternatives
      recommended by Professor Havighurst, the nation should find ways to make
      regulation work more effectively in the public interest. The author challenges
      Professor Havighurst on the ground that he fails to recognize (1) that the free
      market model is inadequate for evaluating regulatory activity and (2) that
      regulation is essentially a political process, and therefore regulatory
      objectives cannot and should not be defined in economic terms alone. What is
      needed, suggests Mr. Weiner, is acceptance of the need for, and validity of,
      regulation, and an examination of how regulation can best achieve its economic
      and political objectives. The key challenge for policy makers in the health care
      regulatory field, he asserts, is the clarification and implementation of
      appropriate relationships (1) between health care regulation and health care
      rationing; (2) between health care regulation and health care planning; and (3)
      between health care regulation and health care competition.

PMID- 685984
TI  - Managing public health risks: the swine flu immunization program revisited.
AB  - In this Comment, the Massachusetts Commissioner of Public Health views the
      federal government's 1976-77 Swine Flu Immunization Program, which was sharply
      criticized by Dr. Cyril Wecht in a recent Article in this journal, as a classic
      example of a public policy decision made under conditions of stress and
      uncertainty. Once the responsible government officials had made a public
      commitment to immunize the entire populace of the United States, he contends,
      they found it very difficult to reformulate the program in response to changing
      information concerning its relative costs and benefits. Dr Fielding offers
      suggestions for avoiding in the future some of the problems that surrounded the
      Swine Flu Program and for preventing further erosion of public confidence in
      essential preventive medicine programs.

PMID- 685985
TI  - Federal preclusion of state certificate-of-need exemptions for research and
      education expenditures.
AB  - The National Health Planning and Resources Development Act of 1974 requires each
      state to enact a certificate-of-need program in compliance with federal standards
      in order to remain eligible for continued receipt of federal funds for health
      resource development after 1980. This Note contends that the Act and related HEW
      regulations preclude states from exempting health care facilities' research
      expenditures and education expenditures from the scope of the states' certificate
      of-need programs. The Note recommends that, as an alternative to such state
      exemptions, each state develop a streamlined certificate-of-need procedure that
      fulfills federal requirements while efficiently meeting the special needs of
      research and education projects.

PMID- 685986
TI  - Hemodynamic responsiveness to short- and long-acting vasodilators in left
      ventricular failure.
AB  - Vasodilators acutely reduce afterload and improve hemodynamics in congestive
      heart failure. Intravenous nitroprusside reduces left ventricular filling
      pressure and increases cardiac output while modestly reducing blood pressure and
      not changing heart rate in patients with heart failure in whom this response is
      characteristic. Comparably reduced blood pressure during nitroprusside infusion
      in normal subjects or hypertensive patients without failure results in a decrease
      in cardiac output and tachycardia. Long-acting vasodilators are also effective in
      patients with congestive heart failure. Nitrates, predominant venodilators,
      decrease left ventricular filling pressure as much as nitroprusside does, but
      increase cardiac output less. Hydralazine, an arterial dilator, increases cardiac
      output similarly to nitroprusside but decreases filling pressure less. Combining
      hydralazine with nitrates results in hemodynamic effects almost identical to
      those of nitroprusside. The quinazoline derivatives, trimazosin and prazosin, are
      also effective vasodilators, which act on both arteries and veins in patients
      with congestive heart failure. The hemodynamic response to vasodilators is
      influenced by the underlying hemodynamic status, as the change in cardiac output
      is directly related to base line ventricular filling pressure as well as systemic
      vascular resistance, and inversely related to the base line cardiac output.
      Response to vasodilators does not appear to be altered by age, diabetes, acute
      myocardial infarction or the cause of congestive myocardiopathy.

PMID- 685987
TI  - Clinical pharmacology and therapeutic application of prazosin in acute and
      chronic refractory congestive heart failure. Balanced systemic venous and
      arterial dilation improving pulmonary congestion and cardiac output.

PMID- 685988
TI  - Nitrate therapy of heart failure in valvular heart disease. Importance of resting
      level of peripheral vascular resistance in determining cardiac output response.

PMID- 685989
TI  - Nitroprusside therapy in acute and chronic coronary heart disease.

PMID- 685990
TI  - Hospital treatment of congestive heart failure. Management according to
      hemodynamic profile.
AB  - Selection of therapy for subjects with acute congestive dardiac failure usually
      involves a choice among a diuretic, a vasodilator and an inotropic agent. Three
      principal questions are involved in the decision: (1) Is cardiac out normal or
      depressed? (2) Is blood pressure normal or depressed? (3) is regional myocardial
      ischemia present? Diuretics are safe and easy to administer, but they do not
      increase cardiac output or relieve hypoperfusion. Inotropic agents increase
      cardiac output but differ widely in their effects on blood pressure: selection of
      specific agents is influenced by their blood pressure effect. All inotropic
      agents, however, potentially aggravate regional myocardial ischemia. In ischemic
      heart failure, therefore, vasodilators which also increase cardiac output, may be
      chosen. Vasodilator administration is in turn limited by the decrease in arterial
      pressure which accompanies increasing infusion rate. When these three questions
      are considered in combination, an effective therapeutic regimen can be
      identified. Thus, congestion without hypoperfusion requires a diuretic if blood
      pressure is normal; and a vasodilator when blood pressure is increased. In the
      presence of congestion with hypoperfusion, a vasodilator is employed if blood
      pressure is normal; and a positive inotropic drug when blood pressure is
      depressed.

PMID- 685991
TI  - Aneurysms of the sinus of Valsalva. Report of seven cases and review of the
      literature.

PMID- 685992
TI  - Selection of vasodilator, inotropic or combined therapy for the management of
      heart failure.
AB  - Vasodilator and inotropic drugs work through independent mechanisms in augmenting
      left ventricular pump function in patients with heart failure. The selection
      between these two classes of pharmacologic agents for an individual patient may
      be based on the control blood pressure as well as the underlying disease.
      Although vasodilator drugs are easiest and safest to employ in patients with
      normal or high arterial presure levels, even in relatively hypotensive subjects
      (systolic arterial pressure less than 105 mm Hg), a salutary hemodynamic effect
      can be achieved without an undue decrease in pressure. Inotropic drugs may be
      safest to administer to patients without coronary artery disease, but the oxygen
      consuming effect of these drugs need not necessarily have an adverse effect on
      patients with ischemic heart disease. Combined vasodilator and inotropic drug
      therapy is the most potent pharmacologic means of restoring pump function in
      patients with severe heart failure. The long-term use of vasodilator and
      inotropic drugs in the treatment of heart failure is dependent on the
      availability of agents that will produce a sustained hemodynamic effect.
      Hydralazine, nitrates and prazosin have been employed alone or in combination and
      provide a promising approach to vasodilator treatment of heart failure. Better
      and more selective oral inotropic agents are needed to allow this therapeutic
      modality to be employed optimally.

PMID- 685993
TI  - Mechanisms of beneficial effects of vasodilators and inotropic stimulation in the
      experimental failing ischemic heart.
AB  - Both vasodilator and inotropic agents improve cardiac function in ischemic heart
      failure. However, since vasodilators may reduce coronary perfusion pressure and
      inotropic interventions may increase myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2), both
      may increase myocardial ischemia. Accordingly, we determined myocardial blood
      flow and MVO2 in a canine model of failure induced by propranolol and volume load
      combined with acute coronary ligation. Both nitroprusside and digitalis reduced
      ventricular diastolic pressure (LVDP) and increased myocardial blood flow in the
      ischemic subendocardium. Decreased systolic wall tension also caused a
      significant reduction MVO2. The benefit of nitroprusside in failing hearts was
      obtained even with the addition of critical obstruction of the main left coronary
      artery (LCA). The role of preload reduction is emphasized by the contrasting
      results with nitroprusside in hearts with low LVDP: (1) decreased myocardial
      blood flow in ischemic subendocardium, and (2) left ventricular decompensation in
      animals with critical LCA obstruction. Thus, reduction of LVDP, which decreases
      subendocardial ischemia, is essential for the beneficial effects of vasodilators
      and inotropic interventions in ischemic heart failure. Decreased MVO2 caused by
      reduced heart size may also have a salutary role.

PMID- 685994
TI  - Efficacy of new inotropic drugs in clinical coronary heart failure.

PMID- 685995
TI  - New and traditional therapy of congestive heart failure. A European view.

PMID- 685996
TI  - Vasodilator and inotropic therapy of heart failure [panel discussion].

PMID- 685997
TI  - Recurrent hepatitis following halothane exposures.
AB  - The existence of hepatotoxicity due to halothane remains subject to debate. Three
      cases are presented in which multiple exposures to halothane were followed in
      several instances by evidence of postoperative fever and/or hepatitis. In one
      case, hepatitis with bridging necrosis developed; the patient responded to long
      term steroid therapy. In another, fulminant hepatic necrosis proved fatal. A
      brief review of halothane hepatitis is given. Otherwise unexplained fever and
      hepatitis following the use of halothane, especially if recurrent or accompanied
      by evidence of hypersensitivity, should contraindicate subsequent use of that
      drug.

PMID- 685998
TI  - Renal failure following major angiography.
AB  - Acute renal failure following angiography with contrast agents is known to occur,
      but the circumstances and frequency of its occurrence are not well described. A
      retrospective review of consecutive angiographic procedures performed over a six
      month interval revealed a 12 per cent incidence of renal failure following
      angiography. The degree of failure was severe in approximately 30 per cent of
      these cases and was associated with a significant mortality even though renal
      function usually recovered. The occurrence of renal failure was associated with
      the presence of renal insufficiency, impaired liver function, diabetes mellitus,
      hypoalbuminemia and proteinuria at the time of angiography to a statistically
      significant level. Furthermore, combinations of these factors, particularly
      preexisting combined renal insufficiency and impaired liver function, were
      associated with an increased incidence of acute renal failure. It is concluded
      that angiography poses a significant hazard to patients with underlying medical
      problems, particularly those involving the excretory routes of the contrast
      agent.

PMID- 685999
TI  - Acute renal failure following drip infusion pyelography.

PMID- 686000
TI  - The role of the neurologist in the management of cancer.

PMID- 686001
TI  - Abstinence following detoxification and methadone maintenance treatment.
AB  - During an 11 year overview of methadone treatment, 161 (72 per cent) of 225
      patients who completed detoxification were followed up to eight years. Fifty-one
      (22.6 per cent) of those were classified as stable and narcotic free 2.9 years
      after detoxification. Of 89 self-selected patients who had undergone a planned,
      supported, "therapeutic" detoxification, 37 (42 per cent) were classified
      narcotic-free; whereas many fewer were so judged after other methods of
      detoxification. Relapse to nonprescribed opioid use, detected in 34 (38.7 per
      cent) of those traced, was inversely related to time since detoxification.
      Relapse potential was very low after three years of apparent continuous narcotic
      free existence; three years should be a minimal time for successful
      detoxification. Some subjects had several cycles of methadone treatment and
      detoxification. Most patients with combined alcohol-methadone dependencies did
      poorly, whether or not detoxification from opioids was undertaken. Since the
      frequency of enduring narcotic-free state was only 9.7 per cent of 522 patients
      in the treatment sample, detoxification should not be a realistic goal for all
      patients who enter treatment.

PMID- 686002
TI  - Chronic liver disease and fever, leukocytosis and seizures.

PMID- 686003
TI  - Hemodynamic compromise associated with ventriculoatrial conduction following
      transvenous pacemaker placement.
AB  - Ventriculoatrial conduction complicating ventricular pacing in a patient with
      ischemic heart disease led to severe clinical disability and hemodynamic
      compromise. Data obtained at cardiac catheterization documented that
      ventriculoatrial conduction of the patients' paced beats led to inadequate left
      ventricular filling pressures, pulmonary congestion and depressed cardiac output.
      This complication of ventricular pacing can be suspected at bedside examination
      and emphasizes the importance of considering the possible hemodynamic effects of
      ventricular pacing when long-term pacemaker therapy is contemplated.

PMID- 686004
TI  - Porphyria variegata. Study of a large kindred in the United States.

PMID- 686005
TI  - Bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis with hypercapnic respiratory failure. A
      physiologic assessment.
AB  - Bilateral diaphragmatic paralysis was suspected in a patient presenting with
      hypercapnic respiratory failure who exhibited paradoxic (i.e., inward) abdominal
      movement on inspiration during tidal breathing in the supine posture; no
      paradoxic abdominal motion was observed at the bedside with the patient upright.
      Transdiaphragmatic pressure measurements established the diagnosis of
      diaphragmatic paralysis, although 20 cm H2O pressure developed across the
      diaphragm during the latter part of a forced expiration, presumably due to the
      development of passive tension in the diaphragm as it was stretched near residual
      volume. Analysis of the relative motion of the rib cage and abdomen during
      breathing by the use of magnetometers confirmed the presence of abdominal paradox
      throughout the breathing cycle when the patient was supine, and established that
      paradoxic motion of the abdomen also occurred when the patient was in the erect
      posture but only in the latter half of inspiration. Our findings confirm that the
      use of transdiaphragmatic pressure measurements and magnetometry will help to
      quantify diaphragmatic function, that passive tension develops in the paralyzed
      diaphragm near residual volume and should not be confused with active
      contraction, and that paradoxic motion of the abdomen may be masked from the
      clinician when the patient is erect.

PMID- 686006
TI  - Primary biliary cirrhosis.

PMID- 686007
TI  - Predicting prognosis in coma. Can one improve medical decisions?

PMID- 686008
TI  - Morphologic and functional substrate of thyrotoxicosis caused by nodular goiters.
AB  - The pathogenesis of nonimmunogenic thyrotoxicosis caused by nodular goiters--with
      the exception of true toxic adenoma--was investigated in 11 patients by means of
      scintigraphic, morphologic and autoradiographic technics. The basic event is the
      appearance, for unknown reasons, of autonomously functioning follicles which are
      morphologically indistinguishable from normal follicles. Four basic patterns of
      intrathyroidal distribution of autonomously functioning follicles are
      individualized: Type I = multiple individual autonomously functioning follicles
      scattered throughout the goiter. Type II = clustered autonomous follicles without
      demarcation from less active parenchyma. Type III = multiple microadenomas. Type
      IV = autonomous function of the majority of all follicles. In all four types, the
      autonomous follicles occur without recognizable relation to nodule boundaries.
      Scintiscans cannot predict the microstructure of these types of goiters. More
      than one pattern of distribution of autonomously functioning follicles may occur
      within a single goiter. The growth of thyroid nodules is independent of, and
      certainly not a prerequisite to, thyrotoxicosis. Rather, the appearance of
      thyrotoxicosis in this type of multinodular goiter depends on (1) the number of
      autonomous follicles throughout the gland and (2) their mean hormone-producing
      capacity per unit of time.

PMID- 686009
TI  - Divalent cation metabolism. Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia versus typical
      primary hyperparathyroidism.

PMID- 686010
TI  - Clinical implications of a "nonspecific" transbronchial biopsy.
AB  - The diagnostic accuracy of transbronchial biopsy via fiberoptic bronchoscope was
      reviewed in 127 noncritically ill patients. Biopsy results were analyzed
      according to whether a "specific" pathologic diagnosis of neoplasm, granuloma or
      pneumonia, or a "nonspecific" diagnosis of inflammation, fibrosis or normal lung
      was made. The clinical significance of a "nonspecific" biospy specimen was
      evaluated by clinical follow-up of at least 12 months (mean 15 months) and by
      grouping patients according to the type of abnormality found on chest
      roentgenography. Clinical follow-up was available in 119 of these patients. The
      over-all "specific" diagnostic yield for biopsy with secretions was 49 per cent,
      with transbronchial biopsy being the sole means of specific diagnosis in 14 per
      cent of the patients with a peripheral mass lesion, in 18 per cent of the
      patients with localized infiltrative processes and in 52 per cent of the patients
      with diffuse infiltrative processes. In 64 (52 per cent) patients both biopsy
      specimens and secretions were diagnostically nonspecific. In 16 (77 per cent)
      patients with peripheral mass lesions but nonspecific biopsy findings and
      secretions, neoplasm was diagnosed by more invasive procedures. However, 22 (91
      per cent) patients with localized and 12 (75 per cent) patients with diffuse
      infiltrative processes had benign clinical follow-up suggesting that open lung
      biopsy in such patients should be reserved for patients with obvious clinical or
      roentgenographic evidence of deterioration.

PMID- 686011
TI  - Rest angina with transient S-T segment elevation. Correlation of clinical
      features with coronary anatomy.
AB  - In 44 consecutive patients with angina at rest associated with transient S-T
      segment elevation, clinical features were correlated with angiographic coronary
      anatomy. Patients were divided into three groups depending on the number of major
      vessels having greater than or equal to 70 per cent luminal narrowing: Group I =
      no or minimal disease (six patients); group II = single vessel disease (13
      patients); and group III = multiple vessel disease (25 patients). The following
      features did not differ significantly among groups I, II or III: age, sex, risk
      factors, time from onset of episodes of pain at rest to study or arrhythmias
      during ischemic episodes. Patients in group III were more likely to have angina
      on effort (p less than 0.001) and an abnormal base line electrocardiogram (p less
      than 0.001) than patients in groups I or II. However, the absence of these
      features did not separate patients in group I from those in group II. In patients
      with angina at rest associated with transient S-T segment elevation, clinical
      features identify patients with multiple vessel disease but do not allow
      differentiation of patients with no or minimal coronary disease from patients
      with single vessel disease.

PMID- 686012
TI  - Bacteroides fragilis endocarditis, bacteremia and other infections treated with
      oral or intravenous metronidazole.

PMID- 686013
TI  - Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia in Japan.

PMID- 686014
TI  - Infections caused by Rhodochrous.
AB  - Organisms conforming to "rhodochrous taxon" were isolated from three
      immunocompromised patients, suggesting a pathogenic role for the organisms. The
      organisms are partially acid-fast, gram-positive catalase positive rods which
      form orange or red colonies aerobically in three or four days on Sabouraud,
      Mueller-Hinton and Middlebrook 7H-10 agars. They are differenitated from Nocardia
      by morphology and ability to degrade ethylene glycol in 7H-10 media. Two of these
      clinical isolates and a reference strain were injected intraperitoneally into
      guinea pigs, half of which received methylprednisolone intramuscularly beginning
      three days prior to inoculation. Steroid-treated animals exhibited clinical
      illness, diffuse peritonitis and recovery of inoculated organisms whereas one of
      three nonsteroid-treated animals exhibited a localized abscess without recovery
      of organisms. This study suggests that rhodochrous may be pathogenic under
      conditions of immune compromise.

PMID- 686015
TI  - The association between Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and bacteriuria.
AB  - The relationship between Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and bacteriuria was
      studied over a five year period in three hospitals. In a Veterans Administration
      Hospital, 59 patients with Staph, aureus bacteremia had a urine culture within 48
      hours of a positive blood culture. In 16 of 59 (27 per cent), greater than 10(5)
      Staph. aureus was recovered from the urine in pure culture. Six of these patients
      had apparent primary staphylococcal urinary tract infection. Clinical and
      laboratory parameters in the patients with staphylococcal bacteremia and
      bacteriuria were compared with those in 31 patients with staphylococcal
      bacteremia and sterile urine cultures. The two groups differed only in the more
      frequent occurrence of pyuria and proteinuria in the bacteriuric patients. In two
      other hospitals, staphylococcal bacteriuria occurred in 7 per cent of patients
      with Staph. aureus bacteremia and in 13 per cent of cases of staphylococcal
      endocarditis. Review of autopsy records for 33 patients who died within one month
      of their bacteremia failed to show a correlation between bacteriuria and the
      presence of renal abscess. Staphylococcal bacteriuria is a frequent and
      unexplained concomitant of Staph. aureus bactremia.

PMID- 686016
TI  - Clinicopathologic conference: Malignant myeloproliferative disorders.

PMID- 686017
TI  - Autoimmune hemolytic anemia and periodic pure red cell aplasia in systemic lupus
      erythematosus.
AB  - A patient with systemic lupus erythematosus and autoimmune hemolytic anemia
      complicated by periodic episodes of red cell hypoplasia is described. Using a
      plasma clot culture system a serum inhibitor of erythropoiesis was detected. In
      addition, heat eluates of the red cells of this patient were capable of impairing
      erythroid colony formation. The possibility that the autoantibodies of acquired
      autoimmune hemolytic anemia might influence the proliferation and/or maturation
      of erythroid progenitor cells is raised by these findings.

PMID- 686018
TI  - Progressive systemic sclerosis with eosinophilia and a fulminating course.
AB  - A case of progressive systemic sclerosis, with blood and pleural fluid
      eosinophilia and a fulminating course, is presented. Wide-mouth colonic
      diverticula developed within 10 weeks. Death from renal failure occured five and
      a half months after the onset of symptoms. The possibility of eosinophilia as a
      marker of severe disease in progressive systemic sclerosis is raised.

PMID- 686019
TI  - Tuberculoid tenosynovitis and carpal tunnel syndrome caused by Mycobacterium
      szulgai.
AB  - Mycobacterium szulgai, a scotochromogenic mycobacterium, is a newly recognized
      pathogen of man and has been reported to cause pulmonary infections, olecranon
      bursitis and cervical adenitis. We isolated M. szulfai from granulomatous tissue
      removed at surgery from a young florist with the carpal tunnel syndrome. The
      organism was susceptible to ethambutol and rifampin but resistant to isoniazid.
      Cure was achieved by debridement and chemotherapy with ethambutol and rifampin.
      Neither the source in our patient nor the natural habitat of M. szulgai is known.
      Because it resembles M. gordonae and M. flavescens, common scotochromogenic
      mycobacteria in tapwater, care must be taken to avoid dismissing M. szulgai as a
      contaminant when it is isolated from tissue.

PMID- 686020
TI  - Unusual cardiac, renal and pulmonary involvement in Gaucher's disease.
      Intersitial glucocerebroside accumulation, pulmonary hypertension and fatal bone
      marrow embolization.
AB  - A 25 year old black woman who had manifestations of Gaucher's disease since one
      year of age is described. This patient had clinically significant cardiac, renal
      and pulmonary involvement with Gaucher's disease. Interstitial infiltration of
      the myocardium by Gaucher cells caused decreased left ventricular compliance and
      decreased cardiac output. In the kidney, Gaucher cells were present in the
      mesangium of the glomeruli and the interstitium of the cortex. Also, electron
      dense, intramembranous granular deposits were seen in glomeruli on electron
      microscopy. The pulmonary findings included pulmonary arterial hypertension,
      accentuated basilar deposition of glucocerebroside in the interstitium of
      alveolar septums and fatal bone marrow embolization.

PMID- 686021
TI  - Bilateral atrial myxomas. Echocardiographic considerations.
AB  - In this report we describe a patient with bilateral atrial myxomas, which were
      diagnosed preoperatively by echocardiography and angiography, and successfully
      removed. The excised tumor mass consisted of mobile right and left atrial myxomas
      connected by a common stalk which passed through the atrial septum, collectively
      resembling the shape of a dumbbell. Preoperative echocardiographic and
      angiographic observations were instrumental in planning the surgical approach,
      and correlated well with intraoperative findings and with the anatomic
      configuration of the intact pathologic specimen. Diagnostic aspects of
      echocardiography are emphasized as they relate to both isolated and bilaterally
      occurring atrial myxomas.

PMID- 686022
TI  - Massive osteolysis. An unusual cause of bone destruction.
AB  - A patient who presented with multiple lytic lesions of bone was found to have
      massive osteolysis. The clinical course of this patient is described and the
      literature on massive osteolysis reviewed. This disease of uncertain etiology is
      pathologically marked by resorption of bone, and replacement by angiomas and
      fibrosis. X-ray findings are usually more severe than expected from the patients'
      clinical presentation. Laboratory studies, including attempts at biopsy, are
      generally unrevealing. Drug therapy is of no value, and success of surgical
      attempts at bone union are unpredictable. Massive osteolysis should be considered
      in the differential diagnosis of osteolytic lesions, particularly since this
      disorder can result in serious morbidity.

PMID- 686023
TI  - Reduced drug elimination in congestive heart failure. Studies using aminopyrine
      as a model drug.
AB  - Aminopyrine disposition was studied in 11 patients with congestive heart failure
      (CHF) and 15 control patients. The aminopyrine metabolic clearance rate was 29.7
      +/- 7.1 ml/min (mean +/- SEM) in the patients with CHF and 125.1 +/- 5.7 ml/min
      (mean +/- SEM) in the control patients (p less than 0.01). The aminopyrine breath
      test was 2.6 +/- 0.4 per cent (mean +/- SEM) in the patients with CHF and 5.6 +/-
      0.3 per cent (mean +/- SEM) in the control subjects (p less than 0.01). Probably
      due to fluid retention in CHF, the apparent volume of distribution of aminopyrine
      increased to 63.3 +/- 4.9 liters (mean +/- SEM) in patients with CHF from 43.1 +/
      1.9 liters (mean +/- SEM) in control patients, thereby further impairing
      aminopyrine elimination in patients with CHF (p less than 0.01). The aminopyrine
      breath test was measured in a group of eight patients before treatment for an
      acute episode of CHF and seven to 10 days after initiation of therapy: in each
      patient clinical improvement was associated with an increased aminopyrine breath
      test, mean values of aminopyrine breath test increasing from 2.8 per cent before
      treatment to 5.2 per cent after initiation of treatment (p less than 0.01). These
      results suggest that in patients with CHF hepatic drug-metabolizing activity is
      imparied, and the volume of distribution of drugs is increased, with consequent
      retardation in rates of drug elimination.

PMID- 686024
TI  - Noonan syndrome in an adult family presenting with chronic lymphedema.
AB  - A 27 year old man with multiple findings of the Noonan syndrome ("male Turner"
      phenotype) presented with chronic lymphedema which was also present in his
      mother. Noonan syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis of
      chronic or familial lymphedema.

PMID- 686025
TI  - Congestive heart failure as cause of fulminant hepatic failure.
AB  - In this patient with long-standing cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure
      the syndrome of fulminant hepatic failure developed on two occasions; he
      recovered both times. There was no evidence of viral or toxic hepatitis as a
      cause of his liver failure. We conclude that in this case, aggravation of long
      standing congestive heart failure may have led to severe hepatocellular necrosis
      with signs of encephalopathy not commonly observed.

PMID- 686026
TI  - Primary amenorrhea associated with hirsutism, acanthosis nigricans, dermoid cysts
      of the ovaries and a new type of insulin resistance.
AB  - We describe a 15 1/2 year old presenting with primary amenorrhea, hirsutism,
      acanthosis nigricans and insulin resistance. Ovarian vein catheterization studies
      revealed bilateral excess plasma testosterone and androstenedione secretion, and
      at surgery multiple dermoid cysts of both ovaries were found in association with
      polycystic ovaries. The suggestion that the dermoid cysts may be causative in the
      evolution of the polycystic ovarian disease has been made. The mechanism of the
      insulin resistance appears to be at the post receptor level. The acanthosis
      nigricans diminished following surgery with normalization of the plasma
      androgens.

PMID- 686028
TI  - Hematology problem.

PMID- 686027
TI  - Influence factors affecting career choice of preclinical medical technology
      students.
AB  - Over a seven-year period, data were gathered on 249 declared medical technology
      majors enrolled in an Introduction to Medical Technology course at the University
      of Iowa. The Kendall Tau C test for significance (p = less than .05) was utilized
      in determining the influence of several variables or factors in the students'
      choice of medical technology as a career. Such factors as the type of work,
      demand for medical technologists, and desire to help people were found to be
      highly motivating factors in choice. It appeared the motivation was primarily
      internalized with assistance sought from various sources. The decision of medical
      technology as a career was predominantly made in the junior/senior year in high
      school or freshman/sophomore year in college.

PMID- 686029
TI  - Concepts and practices in the evaluation of clinical chemistry methods. III:
      Statistics.

PMID- 686030
TI  - A dynamic computer system for the clinical laboratory.
AB  - The Clinical Laboratory Computer System currently in use at the Medical
      University of South Carolina is described. Not only is the existing hardware
      listed and shown in some detail, but also the workload, laboratory data center
      personnel, typical procedures, and examples of selected input and output
      documents are included. Particular emphasis is placed on the dynamic nature of
      the system, which allows the user to proceed easily in developing new programs as
      the requirements of the laboratory continue to change and grow. To illustrate
      this point, programs written by the user are described in general terms.

PMID- 686031
TI  - A course in management and supervision for medical technology students.

PMID- 686032
TI  - American Society for Medical Technology: survey to assess the perception of ASMT
      members of services, benefits, and activities, 1977.

PMID- 686033
TI  - New federal personnel requirements are still on horizon.

PMID- 686034
TI  - Cooperative efforts.

PMID- 686036
TI  - Hair analysis.

PMID- 686035
TI  - Pathway to publication.

PMID- 686037
TI  - A study of antimicrobial misuse in a university hospital.
AB  - We undertook a prospective study to determine patterns and sequelae of
      antimicrobial misuse and factors associated with inappropriate antimicrobial
      therapy in a teaching hospital. Over an eight-week period, 144 (26.2%) of 549
      hospitalized medical and surgical patients received one or more courses of
      antimicrobial therapy. An average course comprised 1.4 drugs. Presumptive
      infection was the reason for 70% of courses and prophylaxis, 30%. Therapy was
      judged appropriate in 59% of courses overall. Unnecessary therapy, poor drug
      choice (bacteriologically, pharmacologically, or both), or misguided prophylaxis
      most frequently underlay inappropriate therapy. Adverse reactions (17% overall)
      were twice as frequent and the cost of therapy was 55% greater in inappropriate
      courses. Performance of pretherapy cultures (p less than 0.05), obtaining gram
      stained smears of sputum in presumed respiratory tract infections (p 0.001), and
      notation in the record that antimicrobial therapy had been instituted (p less
      than 0.001) were strongly associated with appropriate therapy. This study
      underscores the need for more effective programs of postgraduate education which
      stress basic principals of infectious disease and antimicrobial pharmacology and
      guidelines for prophylaxis. Antimicrobial utilization review should figure
      heavily in hospital programs of medical self-evaluation. Additional measures to
      upgrade the use of antibiotics are discussed.

PMID- 686038
TI  - Coccidioidomycosis in potentially compromised hosts: the effect of
      immunosuppressive therapy in dissemination.
AB  - Charts of 126 patients with coccidioidomycosis were reviewed. Sixteen of these
      were patients who had malignancies, uremia, or a collagen-vascular disease and/or
      had received recent immunosuppressive drug therapy. The rate of disseminated
      infection was 50% in this group. (The dissemination rate was 14% in 110 control
      patients.) No case of dissemination occurred in patients who only had the above
      underlying diseases; all cases of dissemination were among those who had received
      immunosuppressive therapy. The dissemination rate in control patients was higher
      for patients age 40 or over than for younger patients. The dissemination rate
      showed no age-related difference, however, in patients treated with
      immunosuppressive drugs. The dissemination rate was similar in control patients
      of both sexes and uniformly higher for both immunosuppressively treated males and
      females. The dissemination rate did not appear to be influenced by the number of
      circulating lymphocytes if the patient had received immunosuppressive drugs.
      Patients with disseminated disease who had received immunosuppressive drugs were
      capable of producing a serological response to the coccidoiidal organism in high
      titer but none had positive skin test reactivity. Disseminated coccidioidomycosis
      is not uniformly fatal in the immunosuppressed host: half of our patients are
      alive an average of 33 months after diagnosis.

PMID- 686039
TI  - Hairy cell leukemia: diagnosis and management.
AB  - Long-term follow-up of 18 patients with hairy cell leukemia seen at a single
      institution is reported: diagnostic and therapeutic modalities are described.
      Although the clinical features of this disease are homogeneous, it is frequently
      misdiagnosed initially. Bone marrow biopsy was diagnostic in all 17 patients
      studied prior to splenectomy. The presence of circulating "hairy" cells is
      greatly variable. The cause of pancytopenia is unclear: splenic sequestration was
      not demonstrated by 51Cr red cell studies in three of four patients. In most
      patients, splenectomy resulted in amelioration of pancytopenia. No clinical
      features prior to splenectomy could predict response to surgery. The results of
      chemotherapy and splenic irradiation were variable and unpredictable. Although
      bone marrow infiltration persists following splenectomy, this remains the only
      established therapy in hairy cell leukemia and is usually followed by long,
      uncomplicated survival.

PMID- 686040
TI  - The influence of lung volume on expiratory flow rates in diffuse interstitial
      lung disease.
AB  - This study evaluated maximum expiratory flow rates with respect to lung volume
      and maximum recoil pressure in selected patients with diffuse interstitial lung
      disease who had normal large airway function by standard technique. Coefficient
      of retraction was normal or greater than normal in all. Peak flow varied directly
      with lung volume as in normals. At 50% vital capacity (VC) and 25% VC, the
      absolute flow rates varied from higher to lower than normal. However, when flow
      was adjusted to volume, the flow/volume ratio was normal or high in all.
      Flow/volume ratio at mid-lung volume appeared to increase with increase in
      coefficient of retraction. Patients with frequency dependence of compliance had
      lower flow/volume ratios at 25% VC than those without, although still within
      normal range. Thus, despite recognized wide variations in normals, the
      flow/volume ratio is pertinent to the evaluation of reduced air flow rates in in
      interstitial lung disease to distinguish abnormal upstream airway resistance from
      volume-dependent reduction of flow rate. An effort-independent flow rate that
      yields a supernormal flow/volume ratio suggests increased recoil properties of
      the respiratory system.

PMID- 686041
TI  - Remission of pure red cell aplasia following oxymetholone therapy.
AB  - A 53-year-old male with a long-standing idiopathic pure red cell aplasia,
      refractory to testosterone cypionate, fluoxymesterone, and corticosteroid, was
      successfully treated with oxymetholone. Blood count, bone marrow,
      reticuloendothelial bone marrow scan, and ferrokinetic studies showed a marked
      increase of erythropoiesis in response to oxymetholone. The patient became
      hematologically normal within 12 weeks and has required no further transfusions.
      This observation suggests possible difference of mechanisms in the action of
      various androgenic drugs. It also suggests that failure of response to one
      androgenic agent does not necessarily mean the other androgenic agents will not
      be effective in cases of refractory idiopathic pure red cell aplasia.

PMID- 686042
TI  - Essential hypernatremia.
AB  - Described is a patient who presented with hypernatremia in the absence of
      dehydration. Further investigation revealed a tumor in the hypothalamic area, and
      evidence of anterior pituitary hypofunction. Water loading did not correct
      hypernatremia, and the results of the water-loading test suggested that
      hypernatremia had resulted from an elevated "osmotic set point" for the release
      of antidiuretic hormone, ie, "essential hypernatremia."

PMID- 686043
TI  - Pasteurella multocida infectious arthritis.
AB  - Pasteurella multocida, a small gram-negative rod, is a domestic animal saprophyte
      that occasionally causes disease in humans. Infectious arthritis may develop from
      a superficial animal bite or scratch. Nine previous cases of infectious arthritis
      due to this organism have been documented in the literature, and a tenth case is
      reported here. Most patients had recent animal exposure, and half the patients
      had underlying chronic rheumatoid arthritis. Clinical signs of inflammation were
      consistently present; however, systemic infection was infrequent. The lack of
      positive synovial fluid gram-stain smears may make differentiation from other
      forms of infectious arthritis difficult. Penicillin in moderate doses is
      effective therapy, with osteomyelitis developing in only two patients. The
      tendency for this syndrome to affect patients with rheumatoid arthritis may
      reflect deficient local defense mechanisms, chronic steroid therapy, or increased
      ownership of pets. The mechanism of spread of infection to the joint space
      appears to be through contiguous spread from a skin site rather than by the
      hematogenous route in most cases.

PMID- 686044
TI  - Extreme hyperbilirubinemia in a patient with hereditary spherocytosis, Gilbert's
      syndrome, and obstructive jaundice.
AB  - Hyperbilirubinemia may be of several etiologies in the individual patient. An 18
      year-old man presented with extreme hyperbilirubinemia (direct bilirubin 23.0
      mg/dl, total bilirubin 60.0 mg/dl), hepatosplenomegaly, and anemia. Hematologic
      studies prelaparotomy documented the presence of hereditary spherocytosis.
      Intraoperative liver biopsy revealed moderately reduced levels of glucuronyl
      transferase activity (Gilbert's syndrome). Common bile duct obstruction secondary
      to choledocholithiasis was found, and a cholecystectomy and splenectomy were
      performed. This case stresses the potential confusion among several diseases
      which may present with hyperbilirubinemia.

PMID- 686045
TI  - Problems encountered in the treatment of pregnancy-induced hypertension. A point
      of view.
AB  - This point of view encountered in the treatment of pregnancy-induced hypertension
      enumerates the most common problems encountered when treating the disease. These
      problems include: terminology, etiology and pathogenesis, known facts, failure to
      identify the patient, loss of life for mother and baby, complications,
      recognition of early disease, and treatment not uniform or individualized. The
      severe forms of the disease are preventable and should never occur, but once
      present they should yield a zero maternal mortality rate and a fetal salvage of
      greater than 90%. Proper therapy of severe disease is primarily the use of
      pharmacologic doses of magnesium sulfate given intravenously and the prevention
      of a cerebral vascular accident in the mother. Induction of labor and removal of
      the products of conception will cure the disease.

PMID- 686046
TI  - The emotional and psychosexual aspects of hysterectomy.
AB  - The emotional sequelae of hysterectomy have long been suggested as a concern of
      the gynecologist. A review of the literature reveals that there are surely
      concrete changes in the functioning, attitudes, and behavior of patients who
      undergo this procedure. Since the gynecologist acts as the "uterus remover," it
      is our specialty that should be dealing with these women patients to carry them
      through the possible effects of such surgery. In addition, it would be wise for
      all of us to examine our own indications for this procedure in order to be
      confident when faced with criticisms that our specialty considers the uterus less
      valuable than other organs, rendering it more vulnerable to the unthinking
      surgeon.

PMID- 686047
TI  - Establishment and characterization of a squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva in
      tissue culture and immunologic evaluation of the host.

PMID- 686048
TI  - Steroids in human myometrium and peripheral blood during the menstrual cycle.
AB  - Blood samples were collected prior to vaginal hysterectomy from nine women in the
      proliferative phase of the cycle and from 15 women in the secretory phase, and
      from each uterus five grams of the fundus were obtained. The concentrations of
      progesterone (P), 20alpha-dihydroprogesterone (20alpha-DHP), estradiol-17beta
      (E2), and estriol (E3) were determined in serum and in the tissue with the use of
      specific radioimmunoassays. The concentrations of P and 20alpha-DHP in serum and
      myometrium were significantly higher in the secretory than in the proliferative
      phase. Furthermore, the concentration of P in myometrium was significantly higher
      than in serum in the secretory phase, indicating a specific uptake of P by the
      myometrium. The concentration of E2 was about 10 times higher in the myometrium
      than in the serum during both phases of the cycle and appeared to be independent
      of the serum levels. This indicates a specific but limited uptake of E2 by the
      myometrium. The E3 levels in the tissue showed no significant differences during
      the menstrual cycle, whereas in the serum the E3 concentrations were higher in
      the secretory than in the proliferative phase of the cycle.

PMID- 686049
TI  - Vaginismus.
AB  - Eighty patients with vaginismus were seen in the Human Sexuality Clinic, McMaster
      University Medical Center, between 1972 and 1976. The diagnosis was made based on
      history and physical demonstration of perineal muscular spasm. The patients were
      classified according to the presenting complaint as well as to the degree of
      muscle spasm experienced at the time of physical examination. In the management
      of these patients, relaxation, self and mutual pleasuring exercises, Kegel
      exercises, and physical examination played an important role in successful
      treatment. Certain male problems were identified during treatment, including
      situational impotence and premature ejaculation. In our series the women who
      chose to be treated without an involved partner had comparable success rates to
      those choosing conjoint therapy. With the use of the combination of available
      techniques with special emphasis on the pelvic assessment as an educational
      experience for the patient, good success can be obtained in treating vaginismus
      with the conjoint approach or office management of the woman alone.

PMID- 686050
TI  - Diagnosis of intrauterine growth retardation by a simple clinical method:
      measurement of uterine height.
AB  - Generally there is a tendency to underrate the value of uterine height in the
      diagnosis of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). This fact is probably due to
      the lack of standard normal values for this measurement. In a group of 298
      healthy pregnant women, the 10th, 50th, and 90th percentile were calculated by
      week of amenorrhea. Uterine height was measured with a nonelastic measuring tape,
      from the symphysis pubis to the fundus uteri. With the use of these standard
      values the predictive value of the method was established. Of 44 neonates with
      low birth weight for gestational age, 38 had a uterine height below the 10th
      percentile (sensitivity 86%). Six cases of IUGR were not diagnosed by this
      method. Of 95 neonates with adequate birth weight, 85 had uterine values above
      the 10th percentile (specificity 90%). Ten (10%) of these were predicted as low
      birth weight but were born with adequate weight. The uterine height measurement
      is shown to be a very good method for detecting IUGR. It can be used as a
      screening test to detect impairment in fetal growth and to make early referral of
      those pregnancies.

PMID- 686051
TI  - Accelerated clotting time: an amniotic fluid thromboplastic activity index of
      fetal maturity.

PMID- 686052
TI  - Use of supine pressor test to prevent gestational hypertension in primigravid
      women.
AB  - The supine pressor (roll-over) test was performed on 62 nulliparous patients
      under 20 years of age at conception. The 28 patients (45%) with positive tests
      were treated to prevent the development of gestational hypertension. Four of
      those with a positive test and two of those with a negative test developed
      gestational hypertension. Compared with a composite of other reported studies of
      this test in which the patients were not treated, our results indicated a
      statistically significant reduction in the incidence of gestational hypertension.
      The supine pressor test appears to be useful clinically in young nulliparous
      women.

PMID- 686053
TI  - The syndromes of hydatidiform mole. I. Cytogenetic and morphologic correlations.
AB  - Cytogenetic and morphologic analysis of 23 hydatidiform moles allowed the
      division into at least two syndromes: (1) the syndrome of complete (classical)
      mole is without an ascertainable embryo/fetus, gives a diploid karyotype, and
      manifests a progressive fluid engorgement of the villi as well as a gross,
      haphazardly distributed trophoblastic hyperplasia; (2) the syndrome of partial
      (incomplete) mole has an ascertainable fetus (alive or dead), gives a triploid
      karyotype, and exhibits a slowly progressing hydatidiform swelling in the
      presence of functioning villous capillaries that spares many villi; trophoblastic
      immaturity is constant and focal hyperplasia is inconspicuous but present. A
      single case of diploid mole with unusual morphologic features, complete with a
      fetus, may herald yet another syndrome. Human chorionic gonadotropin levels were
      initially high in practically all cases. There was no malignant trophoblastic
      disease in this small series, but a plea is made that partial moles be followed
      carefully in order to establish their relation to choriocarcinoma.

PMID- 686054
TI  - Effects of dexamethasone on leukocyte counts in pregnant sheep and fetal lambs.
AB  - In adult nonpregnant animals and human beings, glucocorticosteroids increase
      circulating leukocytes (predominantly neutrophils) and decrease lymphocytes,
      monocytes, and eosinophils. We were interested in studying effects of
      glucocorticoids on leukocyte counts during pregnancy to determine any differences
      between responses in the nonpregnant and pregnant states. After general
      anesthesia was administered, we placed catheters in a carotid artery and a
      jugular vein in pregnant sheep and in fetal lambs. Six  days after surgery, we
      administered dexamethasone intravenously to the mother (0.2 mg. per kilogram) or
      to the fetus (0.06 mg. per kilogram) and obtained maternal and fetal jugular
      venous blood samples immediately before (control) and 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72
      hours after steroid injection. Administration of dexamethasone to the mother
      significantly increased total leukocyte and neutrophil counts (leukocytes per
      cubic millimeter blood) and decreased lymphocyte and eosinophil counts, but it
      did not change monocyte counts. Leukocyte counts returned to control values
      within 48 hours. Administration of dexamsthasone to the fetus rapidly increased
      total leukocyte and neutrophil counts, decreased monocyte and eosinophil counts,
      and had not effect on lymphocyte counts. Fetal leukocyte counts returned to
      control values by 24 hours after dexamethasone injection. Our results suggest
      that maternal and fetal leukocytes can respond to glucocorticoids as they do in
      the adult nonpregnant state.

PMID- 686055
TI  - Ruptured utero-ovarian vein syndrome: a case report.

PMID- 686056
TI  - Fetal cystic fibrosis presenting as dystocia due to midgut volvulus with lethal
      perforation.

PMID- 686057
TI  - Isolated gonadal sex chromosome mosaicism in primary amenorrhea.

PMID- 686058
TI  - Evaluation of a new direct latex agglutination tube test (UCG-Macrotube) for
      pregnancy.

PMID- 686059
TI  - Response to the letter by Dr. Hodari (Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 130: 505, 1978)

PMID- 686060
TI  - Obstetric practices.

PMID- 686061
TI  - Pressure alopecia after microsurgical anastomosis.

PMID- 686062
TI  - SQ 20,881: effect on eclamptic--pre-eclamptic women with postpartum hypertension.
AB  - The renin-angiotensin system has been implicated in the genesis of pre-eclampsia.
      To avoid fetal toxicity, five women were studied who developed hypertension,
      proteinuria, and edema in the last trimester of pregnancy and whose BP elevation
      persisted immediately postpartum. At about 6 hours after delivery the CE enzyme
      inhibitor (SQ 20,881) was given in incremental doses ranging from 0.25 to 3.0 mg.
      per kilogram intravenously, before and after diuresis with furosemide, 40 mg.
      intravenously. BP was measure every 2 minutes and PRA and angiotensin II
      concentration before treatment, 30 minutes after 0.25 to 0.30 mg. per kilogram,
      and 30 minutes after 2.0 to 3.0 mg. per kilogram. Echocardiographic assessment of
      CI and PVR was performed before treatment and after a maximum dose in three
      patients. Before diuresis, CE blockade had no effect on heart rate, BP, CI, PVR,
      or PRA, regardless of whether the patient was in positive or negative fluid
      balance or was sodium loaded or restricted over the preceding 24 hours.
      Angiotensin II fell by 77 and 10 per cent, respectively, after 0.25 mg. per
      kilogram was given to two patients, but rose slightly in the other three
      patients, then fell an average of 46 per cent after 1.0 to 3.0 mg. per kilogram
      were given. After diuresis, 1.0 mg. per kilogram resulted in a 24 per cent fall
      in BP which persisted for 3 hours in two patients and a 14 per cent fall which
      lasted for 30 minutes after 1.0 or 3.0 mg. per kilogram in a third patient. It is
      concluded that the BP elevation which persists after delivery in certain patients
      with pre-eclampsia is not angiotensin II dependent.

PMID- 686063
TI  - Uterine and cardiovascular effects of aminophylline.
AB  - Aminophylline (250 mg., over five minutes) was infused intravenously to 10
      patients with oxytocin-induced contractions. The uterine activity decreased to 87
      per cent because of the effect on contraction intensity; contraction frequency
      was unaffected. The maximum maternal pulse rate increased to 33 beats per minute.
      Blood pressure was unaffected. The fetal heart rate and beat-to-beat variability
      increased. An increased dosage of aminophylline produced unacceptably high
      maternal tachycardia. Comparing the results to those produced by the beta
      sympathomimetic drugs in the same experimental model, it is concluded that
      aminophylline exhibits poor uterine selectivity with an unfavorable
      cardiovascular/tocolytic ratio.

PMID- 686064
TI  - Amniotic fluid phosphatidylglycerol in diabetic pregnancies.
AB  - Despite L/S ratios indicating fetal lung maturity, respiratory distress continues
      to occur more frequently in infants of diabetic mothers. Amniotic fluid pulmonary
      phospholipids were studied in an attempt to understand the occurrence of false
      positive L/S ratios in preterm diabetic pregnancies. Qualitative chromatography
      assays of surfactant phosphatides revealed reduced or absent phosphatidylglycerol
      in diabetic amniotic fluid specimens between 34 and 37 weeks' gestation. Mean
      phosphatidylglycerol in 15 nondiabetic and 29 diabetic specimens was 16 and 4 per
      cent of total extracted pulmonary phospholipids (P less than 0.001). Non-insulin
      dependent diabetic pregnancies had lowest mean per cent phosphatidylglycerol.
      Respiratory distress occurred in six infants of diabetic mothers delivered
      preterm with L/S ratios of 2:1 or greater; phosphatidylglycerol was absent in
      five. The inclusion of phosphatidylglycerol in amniotic fluid phospholipid
      assessment may be an adjunctive index for fetal lung maturation in diabetic
      pregnancies.

PMID- 686065
TI  - Prolongation of rat gestation time by unsaturated fatty acids.
AB  - Arachidonic, linoleic, linolenic, and oleic acids, administered to Sprague-Dawley
      rats on Days 20 and 21 of gestation prolonged the gestation time; neither the
      duration parturition, parturitional bleeding, nor the perinatal mortality rate
      was affected. Since arachidonic acid is the obligatory precursor of
      prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha, currently believed to be associated with the
      initiation of labor, and polyunsaturated fatty acids inhibit the cell-mediated
      immune response in vivo, the precise role of prostaglandins and their precursors
      in the initiation of parturition must be critically examined.

PMID- 686066
TI  - Bacteriuria in the puerperium: an evaluation of methods for collecting urine
      specimens.
AB  - Five hundred and eighteen puerperal patients were screened for bacteriuria by
      examination of clean-catch, midstream urine specimens using the dip-slide
      cultivation technique. Bladder urine from 105 patients showing 10(4) or more
      bacteria per milliliter of midstrean urine was obtained by suprapubic bladder
      aspiration and cultivated, along with two consecutive midstream specimens. The
      bacteriologic results in these specimen categories are compared. Of 23 patients
      showing growth in the midstream samples compatible with a true bacteriuria, 18
      had sterile puncture urine specimens. Consecutive contaminated midstream
      specimens from the same patient usually yielded growth of the same bacterial
      species. It is concluded that a diagnosis of bacteriuria in the puerperium cannot
      be based upon cultural results of midstream specimens alone. In several of the
      bladder urine specimens, microogranisms being nonpathogenic in the urinary tract
      and residing normally in the vaginal flora were found, probably due to the
      traumatic effect of partus. In Oslo the frequency of bacteriuria among women post
      partum is estimated at a maximum of 1 per cent.

PMID- 686067
TI  - One-year follow-up of infants exposed to ultrasound in utero.
AB  - Neonatal and infant follow-up data from the Amniocentesis Registry of the
      National Institute of Child Health and Human Development were analyzed for
      possible effects of diagnostic ultrasound exposure in the second trimester of
      pregnancy. A total of 297 infants of mothers receiving both amniocentesis and
      diagnostic ultrasound were compared with a similar group of 661 infants of
      mothers who had amniocentesis but not ultrasound and with 949 infants exposed to
      neither amniocentesis nor ultrasound. Results of newborn and 1 year examinations
      were similar for the amniocentesis with ultrasound group when compared to the
      other two groups. However, in view of the small sample size and other limitations
      of these data, larger and more detailed studies are needed to adequately assess
      possible effects of ultrasound in pregnancy.

PMID- 686068
TI  - Modification of ovine fetal respiratory-like activity by chronic diazepam
      administration.
AB  - Chronic maternal administration of diazepam resulted in a modification of fetal
      respiratory-like activity (FRLA) in the sheep. An over-all increase in this
      activity occurred. This increase was probably due to a rebound effect following
      periods of acute suppression with each administration of diazepam. Loss of
      central control in the regulation of FRLA was implied. A complete reversal of a
      circadian rhythm of FRLA was observed in animals receiving diazepam. These
      changes have implications with respect to the antenatal monitoring of the fetus
      and sequelae in the newborn infant.

PMID- 686069
TI  - Hemolytic disease of the newborn due to anti-Jsb.
AB  - A case of hemolytic disease of the newborn due to anti-Jsb is described. The
      immunohematologic status of the mother and her offspring is presented.

PMID- 686070
TI  - Reactivities of the nongravid uterine vasculatures: effects of norepinephrine.
AB  - Responses of the component tissues of the nonpregnant ovine uterus to intravenous
      administration of norepinephrine were determined with radioactively labeled
      microspheres under flowmeter guidance. During a mean decrease in uterine
      conductance to 42 per cent of control, no significant differences in the
      distribution of uterine blood flow to caruncles, endometrium, myometrium, or
      cervix occurred. These observations differ from those during the last half of
      gestation, when placental vascular reactivity to norepinephrine is muted. They
      support the concept that fundamental changes in placental vascular responses
      occur during placentation.

PMID- 686071
TI  - The development of a double-antibody radioimmunoassay for detecting ovarian tumor
      associated antigen fraction OCA in plasma.
AB  - Ovarian tumor-associated antigen isolated from human tumor tissue was shown to
      have a different mobility from that of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in both
      acrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis in agarose. The ovarian
      tumor antigen is composed of six species with different electrophoretic mobility
      in acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Three of these species were detected in
      Sephadex G-100 ovarian fraction OCA (from the void volume peak) and the other
      three species of lower apparent molecular weight were detected in fraction OCD
      (from the second peak). Fractions OCA and OCD did not share common antigenic
      determinations as determined by immunodiffusion. CEA was shown to share antigenic
      determinants with both OCA and OCD. A double-antibody radioimmunoassay capable of
      detecting nanogram quantities of plasma OCA was developed. In a preliminary study
      of ovarian cancer patients, OCA appeared to be a more sensitive marker for
      ovarian cancer than CEA. There was vitually no correlation (r2 - 0.1) between OCA
      and CEA levels in these patients, as determined by radioimmunoassay.

PMID- 686072
TI  - Preoperative localization of virilizing tumors by selective venous sampling.
AB  - Two postmenopausal patients with virilization had preoperative localization of
      ovarian tumors by selective blood sampling from both ovarian and adrenal veins
      and assay of hormone levels. In the first patient, the peripheral concentrations
      of testosterone (T), androstenedione, and estrone were 936, 1,508 and 73 pg. per
      milliliter, respectively, levels which are above the ranges found in normal
      postmenopausal women. The catheterization study showed an increase in the left
      ovarian vein of all hormones except cortisol. It was predicted that a tumor was
      present in the left ovary. At operation a 7 by 4 mm. lipid cell tumour was found.
      In the peripheral blood of the second patient, the T level (4,518 pg. per
      milliliter) was markedly elevated and the estradiol concentration (73 pg. per
      milliliter) was increased. At retrograde catheterization the concentration of T
      in the right ovarian vein was markedly elevated at 120,400 pg. per milliliter. At
      operation a hilus cell tumor of the right ovary was found. These two cases
      represent the third and fourth consecutive androgen-secreting tumors from this
      institution that have been localized by selective ovarian and adrenal vein
      catheterization and sampling.

PMID- 686073
TI  - Leiomyosarcoma of the the uterus with pulmonary metastases: a favorable response
      to operation and chemotherapy in a patient monitored with serial carcinoembryonic
      antigen.

PMID- 686074
TI  - A prospective culturing technique for diagnosing endometritis at cesarean
      section.

PMID- 686075
TI  - Monitoring of fetus with osteogenesis imperfecta and severe anemia.

PMID- 686076
TI  - Benign cystic teratoma of the retrouterine pouch of Douglas.

PMID- 686077
TI  - Metastatic melanoma simulating a primary endometrial tumor.

PMID- 686078
TI  - Intrauterine diagnosis of an omphalocele by diagnostic ultrasonography.

PMID- 686079
TI  - Cephalometry by real-time imaging: a critical evaluation.

PMID- 686080
TI  - Treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia with the carbon dioxide laser
      beam. A preliminary report.
AB  - Forty-five patients with histologically proved cervical dysplasia or carcinoma in
      situ were treated by the carbon dioxide-laser method. The carbon dioxide laser
      induces cell vaporization by causing intracellular steam combustion stimulated by
      the emission of a mixture of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and helium. This method of
      treatment is easily performed in the outpatient clinic without anesthesia, is
      inexpensive, and is effective in the treatment of cervical intraepithelial
      neoplasia. The treatment allows preservation of the transformation zone, thus
      permitting future colposcopic visualization.

PMID- 686081
TI  - Ovarian hemorrhage due to anticoagulants.
AB  - Six cases of ovarian hemorrhage secondary to anticoagulant therapy are described.
      Cardiac valvular prostheses required the use of oral anticoagulants in four
      patients in this series; the other two suffered a pulmonary infarction secondary
      to thromboembolism and required sustained anticoagulant therapy. Pertinent data
      from 28 other case reports are reviewed. Awareness of this syndrome during child
      bearing years, early recognition, and aggressive management should prevent a
      fatal outcome.

PMID- 686082
TI  - Malignant teratoma of the ovary: prognostic factors and treatment.
AB  - A series of 25 patients with malignant teratoma of the ovary is presented. In
      56%, diagnosis was made before the age of 20; none had bilateral tumors, and 52%
      were in Stage I at the time of the original diagnosis. Treatment with operation
      followed by irradiation or single-agent chemotherapy was ineffective; there were
      no survivors in eight patients treated with either of these regimens. However,
      combination chemotherapy with vincristine, actinomycin D, and cyclophosphamide
      used postoperatively appears to be more effective since 10 to 12 patients who
      were treated with this method are surviving. Histologic grade appears to have
      questionable prognostic significance.

PMID- 686083
TI  - Anaerobic microflora of the vagina in children.
AB  - Vaginal cultures from 25 healthy girls from two months to 15 years of age were
      examined for aerobic, facultatively anaerobic, and obligately anaerobic bacteria.
      An average of 8.7 species (3.7 aerobic and facultatively anaerobic species; 5.3
      obligately anaerobic species) were isolated from these cultures. Staphylococcus
      epidermidis (21), diphtheroids (20), bacteroides (19), peptococci (19),
      peptostreptococci (14), and Bacteroides melaninogenicus (14) were most prevalent
      organisms.

PMID- 686084
TI  - Ultrasonic assessment of fetal head and body sizes in relation to normal and
      retarded fetal growth.
AB  - Data on consecutive ultrasonic measurements of fetal biparietal diameter (B.P.D.)
      and fetal chest area in 303 normal and 84 small-for-dates fetuses are presented.
      Duration of pregnancy varied from 24 to 41 weeks. A normal curve of the fetal
      B.P.D., chest area, and head-to-chest ratio was constructed. At 24 weeks mean
      fetal B.P.D. was 6.29 cm., mean fetal chest area was 24.9 sq. cm., and mean head
      to-chest ratio was 1.59. At 41 weeks the mean values were 9.81 cm., 92.4 sq. cm.,
      and 1.05, respectively. In the group of small-for-dates fetuses, a normal head-to
      chest ratio was almost always associated with early onset of fetal growth
      retardation whereas in the majority of fetuses with increased head-to-chest
      ratios, growth retardation appeared to have started only in the third trimester
      of pregnancy.

PMID- 686085
TI  - The use of continuous insulin infusion for the peripartum management of pregnant
      diabetic women.
AB  - Sixteen pregnant diabetic patients near term were maintained on a regimen of
      continuous insulin infusion during the peripartum period. Blood glucose remained
      in the range of 75 to 150 mg. per deciliter, with insulin infusion rates between
      0.25 and 2.00 U. per hour. Following delivery the infusion was continued through
      the first postpartum day or until oral intake was tolerated and subcutaneous long
      acting insulin could be given. Sliding scale regimens were unnecessary; insulin
      dosage for discharge was easily determined; and the metabolic care of these
      patients was greatly simplified. Neonatal hypoglycemia in the 17 infants
      delivered of these diabetic patients was not entirely eliminated despite
      euglycemia in the mothers.

PMID- 686086
TI  - Effects of tricyclic antidepressants on cardiovascular responses to
      norepinephrine and phenylephrine during pregnancy.
AB  - The effects of imipramine and amitriptyline on the responses of the
      uteroplacental vasculature to norepinephrine and phenylephrine were investigated
      in the pregnant ewe. Experiments were performed on conscious animals in which
      electromagnetic flow transducers were chronically implanted on the uterine
      arteries. Administered alone, the tricyclic antidepressants had no effect on mean
      arterial pressure (MAP) or estimated uteroplacental vascular conductance (UPVCe).
      Following intravenous infusion of either imipramine (1 mg. per kilogram) or
      amitriptyline (2.5 mg. per kilogram), the pressor response to norepinephrine (1
      microgram per kilogram) and the duration of that response were significantly
      increased (p less than 0.05). In addition, both the duration of the
      norepinephrine-produced decrease in uteroplacental blood flow (UPBF) and the
      amplitude of the decrease in UPVCe were enhanced. In contrast, responses to
      phenylephrine (2.5 microgram per kilogram) were unaffected by prior
      administration of either imipramine or amitriptyline. Of additional interest were
      findings suggesting differential sensitivities to alpha-agonists of the
      uteroplacental compared with other vascular beds. These observations bring
      attention to the possibility of interactions between endogenous or exogenous
      norepinephrine and the tricyclic antidepressants and suggest that the possibly
      unique sensitivities of the uteroplacental bed should be considered when
      prescribing drugs during pregnancy.

PMID- 686087
TI  - Microanatomy of the human amniotic membranes. A light microscopic, transmission,
      and scanning electron microscopic study.
AB  - The human amnion was examined by means of light microscopy and scanning and
      transmission electron microscopy. The surface shows apart from microvilli a
      particular structure, called "blebs"; the intercellular junction is formed by
      desmosomes and a labyrinthine channel system, and at the base pedicels extend
      into the basement membrane. Cell shedding uncovers the basement membrane which
      seems to play a primordial role in preserving the intact amniotic cavity. These
      data underline the complex structure and the multiple role the amnion performs
      during gestation.

PMID- 686088
TI  - Tissue concentrations of free amino acids in term human placentas.
AB  - Five human term placentas were analyzed for total free amino acid concentrations.
      Calculation of tissue fluid distribution via 14C-inulin space enabled an
      estimation of placental intracellular amino acid concentrations based upon cord
      and maternal plasma concentrations. Maximum and minimum estimates for amino acid
      concentration in intracellular water are given. Data are compared to
      concentrations in organs of various species. Taurine was present in the highest
      concentration (3.529 +/- 1.120 mumoles per gram wet weight). Glutamic and
      aspartic acids, alanine, glycine, and glutamine were all present in
      concentrations greater than 0.5 mumoles per gram wet weight.

PMID- 686089
TI  - How does maternal smoking affect birth weight and maternal weight gain? Evidence
      from the Ontario Perinatal Mortality Study.
AB  - A large data set was used to examine the possibility that maternal smoking during
      pregnancy causes low birth weights by reducing maternal appetite, eating, and
      weight gain. As always, birth weight distributions shifted downward as maternal
      smoking level increased. Maternal weight gain distributions, on the other hand,
      were the same for smokers and nonsmokers. Within each level of maternal weight
      gain, from less than five pounds to over 40 pounds, the more the mothers smoked
      the greater was the percentage of neonates weighing less than 2,500 grams. This
      evidence supports a direct effect of maternal smoking on birth weight, possibly
      due to the hypoxic effects of carbon monoxide, rather than one mediated through
      eating. Efforts to prevent or reduce smoking should have greater benefits for
      mother and child than would efforts to increase food intake among pregnant women
      who smoke.

PMID- 686090
TI  - Intermittent breathing before death in fetal lambs.
AB  - The presence of fetal breathing, even if episodic in character, may not indicate
      fetal well being. In a study of fetal lambs with long-term implantation of
      catheters and electrodes, five of six lambs which died before the onset of labor
      had terminal episodes of continuous breathing, preceded by 4 1/4 to 45 1/2 hours
      of abnormal intermittent breathing. Intermittent bursts of slow gasping or rapid
      breathing at exceptionally regular rates and depths were observed. The rapid
      pattern was associated with epileptiform seizures in two of three lambs. In all
      lambs, the abnormal intermittent breathing was preceded by prolonged apnea.

PMID- 686091
TI  - Pancreatitis, cholecystitis, incompetent cervix, and premature labor in a
      habitual aborter: a rare combination.

PMID- 686092
TI  - Ultrasound-directed percutaneous aspiration biopsy of periaortic lymph nodes in
      recurrence of cervical carcinoma.

PMID- 686093
TI  - Failed abortion in a septate uterus.

PMID- 686094
TI  - Tubal pregnancy distal to complete tubal occlusion following sterilization.

PMID- 686095
TI  - Congenital condylomata acuminata.

PMID- 686096
TI  - Intrapartum fetal asphyxia.

PMID- 686097
TI  - An open letter to all department chairmen.

PMID- 686098
TI  - Paracervical block in therapeutic abortions.

PMID- 686099
TI  - Inappropriate terminology: "incompetent cervical os".

PMID- 686100
TI  - Correct usage of tachycardia and bradycardia.

PMID- 686101
TI  - Ovarian pregnancy associated with intrauterine contraceptive devices.
AB  - Four cases of ovarian pregnancy, occurring over a two-year period in the same
      hospital, are presented. Each case fulfills Spiegelberg's criteria. Each patient
      conceived with Cu-7 intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) in situ. Review of
      the literature reveals an apparent increase in the frequency of ovarian pregnancy
      associated with IUD's. This aspect of the problem, as well as the management of
      this unusual type of ectopic pregnancy, is discussed. The data available do not
      justify a conclusion that ovarian pregnancies are caused by IUD's. Unless future
      studies demonstrate a cause-and-effect relationship, this may be merely an
      interesting coincidence. However, it seems that more than just coincidence is
      involved, even though the mechanism is unclear.

PMID- 686102
TI  - Maternal deaths from ectopic pregnancy in the South Atlantic region, 1960 through
      1976.
AB  - The authors have calculated the maternal mortality rates from ectopic pregnancy
      in the Southeastern United States. Between 1960 and 1975 81 per cent of 207
      ectopic deaths occurred in nonwhite women. A more detailed study of 24 deaths
      from ectopic pregnancy in North Carolina shows that from 1961 to 1976 4.2 per
      cent of all direct obstetric deaths and 15.9 per cent of deaths from hemorrhage
      were due to reptured ectopic gestation. The most striking observation was the
      dramatic reduction in deaths from ectopic pregnancy among nonwhite women.
      Maternal mortality rates for ectopic pregnancy should properly be based on the
      conception rate, consisting of live births plus abortions rather than live births
      alone. Missed diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy as a factor in maternal mortality
      rate requires more intensive educational efforts directed toward primary-care
      physicians.

PMID- 686103
TI  - Adnexal malignancy detected by cervical cytology.
AB  - These case presentations are submitted to focus attention on positive (Class V)
      cervicovaginal cytologic results compatible with adenocarcinoma in the face of
      benign endocervical and endometrial tissue and in the absence of clinically
      detectable adnexal disease. Two patients were found to have primary ovarian
      malignancy, and one patient had adenocarcinoma of the distal end of the right
      Fallopian tube. Provided that there is confidence in the cytologic diagnosis and
      that primary disease has been ruled out elsewhere, the clinician is encouraged to
      utilize additional diagnostic methods, such as laparoscopic visualization of the
      pelvis and peritoneal fluid studies, in an attempt to facilitate early diagnosis
      of nonpalpable adnexal disease.

PMID- 686104
TI  - Effects of steroids on serum lipids and serum cholesterol binding reserve.
AB  - Serum cholesterol binding reserve (SCBR) denotes the capacity of serum to
      solubilize additional cholesterol. It as been shown previously that a decrease of
      the SCBR in the presence of elevated cholesterol and/or triglyceride levels is
      associated with the development of coronary artery disease in man. This is a
      preliminary report of the effect on serum lipids and SCBR by alteration of the
      sex steroid environment in women. The hormonal changes associated with pregnancy
      appear to elevate cholesterol, triglycerides, and SCBR, SCBR being elevated to
      the greatest extent. No differences were observed in SCBR and serum lipids in a
      short-term study of premenopausal women when values prior to castration are
      compared with values after castration during administration of conjugated equine
      estrogens. In women observed over a period of over 20 weeks, who were using a
      combination oral contraceptive pill with 1 mg. of norethindrone and 50 or 80 mcg.
      of mestranol, there was a significant elevation of triglycerides, some decrease
      of cholesterol, and no change in the SCBR. The possible significance of these
      findings in relation to the risk of coronary heart disease deserves further
      investigation.

PMID- 686105
TI  - Deaths caused by pulmonary thromboembolism after legally induced abortion.
AB  - Pulmonary thromboembolism is an infrequent but serious complication of induced
      abortion. Of the 104 abortion-related deaths reported to the Center for Disease
      Control in 1972 through 1975, 10 (9.6 per cent) involved fatal pulmonary
      embolism; eight of these cases were proved at autopsy. All but one of the women
      had pre-existing risk factors for thromboembolic disease, including obesity,
      previous thrombophlebitis, use of oral contraceptives, or type A blood. All but
      one case occurred in women who had received general anesthesia. In addition, four
      of the eight women had undergone a concurrent sterilization procedure at the time
      of the abortion. Preventive efforts should focus on identifying women at high
      risk for thromboembolic events prior to the abortion procedure and then selecting
      the abortion procedure least likely to produce postoperative embolism.

PMID- 686106
TI  - Postmortem cesarean section.

PMID- 686107
TI  - Characteristics of patients with placenta previa and results of "expectant
      management".
AB  - To determine the differences between pregnancies complicated by placenta previa
      and those without placenta previa, the characteristics of 31,070 consecutive
      deliveries at one institution were analyzed. The philosophy of "expectant
      management" of the premature fetus and frequent use of cesarean section was
      utilized in the 185 patients with placenta previa. A higher proportion of these
      patients were multiparous, were older, had had previous abortions, and were
      carrying a male fetus or twins. The fetal and placental weights in these patients
      were similar to those in other patients throughout pregnancy. Rates of
      prematurity, antepartum and intrapartum fetal death, neonatal death, congenital
      abnormality, and low Apgar scores were higher among patients with placenta
      previa. Data were compiled in a manner that allows the obstetrician to: (1)
      evaluate the fetal weight and expected fetal growth; (2) estimate the probability
      that his patient will deliver prematurely and will deliver within the next one-,
      two-, or four-week interval; (3) determine the relative risks to the fetus prior
      to labor, during labor, and in the neonatal period at each stage of gestation.

PMID- 686108
TI  - Asessment of fetal gestational age in high-risk pregnancies by amniotic fluid
      analyses and ultrasound mensuration.
AB  - Maturity studies are reported on 204 women with high-risk pregnancies. Estimates
      of fetal maturity were made prenatally by the use of ultrasonic measurements, the
      lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio, and a gestational index based on amniotic
      fluid creatinine, urea nitrogen, and cytology. These estimates were compared with
      the neonatal pediatric estimate of maturity. The gestational score agreed with
      pediatric maturity to within 14 days in 95 per cent of the cases. Estimates of
      L/S ratio distinguished between mature and immature infants in 86 per cent of the
      cases. Ultrasound could estimate gestational age only to within 14 days in 75 per
      cent of the cases, and the disagreements were greatest where either growth
      retardation or macrosomia was present. However, ultrasound is more useful in
      estimating fetal size and abnormalities of growth pattern. An estimate of
      gestational age by gestational score aids management, particularly where growth
      retardation is present, enabling a decision about delivery to be made even though
      the infant is very small and has an immature L/S ratio.

PMID- 686109
TI  - Preoperative radiation therapy in the management of squamous cell carcinoma of
      the vulva: preliminary report.
AB  - Fourteen cases of squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva treated preoperatively by
      use of cobalt-60 irradiation directed to the vulva and inguinal areas are
      reviewed. Toral dose varied from 3,600 to 5,500 rads according to reaction and
      tolerance. No treatments had to be interrupted due to excessive radiation
      effects. Surgical procedures were performed six weeks after irradiation.
      Histologic investigation of the surgical specimen showed no sign of tumor in five
      cases, almost complete regression in three, and a substantial reduction of the
      lesion in the remainder of the cases. In situ lesions surrounding the invasive
      tumors were cleared in three cases. Lymph node involvement was found in only two
      patients, one of whom did not receive preoperative radiation to in inguinal
      areas. Only one local recurrence was encountered and this was in the abdominal
      skin outside of the irradiated area. The healing process does not seem to be
      impaired after radiation treatment in spite of the fact that in many patients a
      very extensive type of surgical procedure was carried out.

PMID- 686110
TI  - Gestational age limit of twelve weeks for abortion by curettage.

PMID- 686112
TI  - Splenic rupture in pregnancy.

PMID- 686111
TI  - Legalized abortion: effect on national trends of maternal and abortion-related
      mortality (1940 through 1976).
AB  - Both non-abortion-related maternal and abortion-related mortality declined prior
      to the Supreme Court decisions of 1973. In order to determine the effect of
      legalized abortion on maternal mortality, we have analyzed the secular trends in
      national abortion mortality ratios for 1940 through 1976, compared the trends to
      those maternal mortality ratios, and hypothesized reasons for differences between
      these trends. Between 1940 and 1950 and after 1965, deaths from abortion declined
      more rapidly than deaths from other causes associated with childbirth. However,
      between 1951 and 1965, maternal mortality related to pregnancy of childbirth
      declined more rapidly than abortion-related mortality. Five possible explanations
      exist for the more rapid decline in abortion deaths since 1965--selected
      underreporting, changes in coding practices, improved safety of illegal abortion,
      introduction of more effective contraception, and increased availability of legal
      abortion. We consider the last two explanations as the most likely reasons for
      the accelerated decline in abortion-related deaths.

PMID- 686113
TI  - Mullerian duct agenesis with a unilateral functioning segment of the rudimentary
      uterine horn.

PMID- 686114
TI  - Benign mesothelioma simulating a uterine leiomyoma.

PMID- 686115
TI  - Effect of hypoxia on lecithin concentration in fetal lung tissue and amniotic
      fluid in rats.

PMID- 686116
TI  - Endometriosis as cause of dysmenorrhea.

PMID- 686117
TI  - Morphologic changes in uteroplacental arteries during pregnancy.

PMID- 686118
TI  - The relationship between fixation disparity and heterophoria.
AB  - Twenty-five asymptomatic subjects with normal binocular vision underwent
      determination of the magnitude and direction of their heterophoria and their
      fixation disparity. Fixation disparity was measured at a 2-m fixation distance
      with the phase-difference haploscope under conditions simulating those of casual
      seeing. When combined with careful attention to symmetrical control of
      accommodation, this method eliminates several known technical artifacts. Examples
      of the normal fluctuation of the magnitude and direction of fixation disparity
      for individual subjects were demonstrated. Whereas only a slight preponderance of
      subjects were esophoric, many subjects had convergent fixation disparity
      (esodisparity). Linear regression analysis of the data revealed a coefficient of
      correlation between fixation disparity and heterophoria at 6 m of 0.61, and at 33
      cm of 0.50. The results suggest that normal, small magnitude heterophoria does
      not necessarily produce fixation disparity and that fixation disparity does not
      necessarily sustain heterophoria.

PMID- 686119
TI  - Retinal vascular changes in retrograde optic atrophy.
AB  - Five patients with unilateral optic atrophy of extraocular origin had a normal
      retinal vasculature. Clinical examination of the patients included color fundus
      photographs and fluorescein angiography. After comparing the blood vessels in the
      blind eye with those in the normal fellow eye, we concluded that vascular
      attenuation is neither invariably associated with optic atrophy, nor solely
      caused by decreased local oxygen demand in the retina.

PMID- 686120
TI  - Unilateral congenital iris pigment epithelial hyperplasia associated with late
      onset glaucoma.
AB  - We observed a 41-year-old man with congenital unilateral iris pigment epithelial
      hyperplasia associated with unilateral glaucoma, and considered the possible
      pathogenesis of this unique lesion and its relationship to the patient's
      glaucoma.

PMID- 686121
TI  - Acquired color vision defects in retrobulbar neuritis.
AB  - We used the Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue Test to study the incidence of acquired
      color vision defects in 16 patients with unilateral and and seven patients with
      bilateral retrobulbar optic neuritis whose visual acuity had recovered to 6/12
      (20/40) or better. We recorded the visual-evoked response to a pattern stimulus
      on the same day. All 30 affected eyes showed an excessive number of errors on
      Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue testing. The number of errors increased with greater
      residual optic nerve damage. One false-positive and two false-negative visual
      evoked responses were found.

PMID- 686122
TI  - Embolic ischemic optic neuropathy.
AB  - On examining the postmortem enucleated eyes of a 68-year-old man, we found the
      left eye had focal infarction 3 mm behind the lamina cribrosa caused by
      thromboembolic compromise of three discrete pial and pial-derived arterioles. The
      optic nerve had been destroyed focally, whereas the retinal and choroidal tissue
      supplied by a similarly occluded vessel had been preserved. We diagnosed
      nonarteritis ischemic optic neuropathy.

PMID- 686123
TI  - Chronic unilateral blepharoconjunctivitis caused by sebaceous carcinoma.
AB  - A patient with chronic unilateral conjunctivitis of six years' duration was
      discovered to have sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid. This case is in many
      respects typical of the delay between onset and diagnosis frequently seen in this
      disease. Our case is unique, however, because it demonstrates that if not
      specifically alerted to the possibility of malignancy, even the experienced
      ophthalmic pathologist may misdiagnose. The factors necessary for early diagnosis
      of this disease are: (1) suspicion on the part of the clinician, (2) adequate
      surgical biopsies, and (3) examination of the biopsy specimen by an experienced
      pathologist who has been alerted to look for malignant changes.

PMID- 686124
TI  - Anterior uveitis in geographic or serpiginous choroiditis.
AB  - A 51-year-old man and a 45-year-old man had geographic or serpiginous choroiditis
      and anterior uveitis as shown by ophthalmoscopy and fluorescein angiography.
      Anterior uveitis, a previously undescribed feature of this disease, was found in
      both patients. Despite clear-cut evidence of inflammatory disease, corticosteroid
      therapy generally proved to be ineffective.

PMID- 686125
TI  - Comparative ultrasonographic study of the effect of pilocarpine 2% and Ocusert P
      20 on the eye components.
AB  - The ultrasonographic examination of pilocarpine 2%- and Ocusert P 20-treated eyes
      clearly demonstrated that the side effects, such as accommodative myopia and
      changes of the anterior chamber depth and of the lens thickness, were less
      pronounced in the Ocusert-treated group.

PMID- 686126
TI  - Subretinal pigment cells in malignant melanoma of the choroid.
AB  - On examining 54 globes that harbored choroidal malignant melanomas, we found 28
      tumors to be composed of spindle cells; 24, of mixed cells; and two, of
      epitheloid cells. In 80% of the tumors studied, pigment-laden cells had
      accumulated away from the tumor region and at the periphery of the subretinal
      space. The number of cells increased in proportion to the extent of retinal
      detachment, a finding that related directly to the size of the tumor.

PMID- 686127
TI  - Number of inflammatory cells in the normal conjunctiva.
AB  - We counted inflammatory cells per cubic millimeter in both the epithelium and the
      substantia propria of samples from upper tarsal conjunctiva of 15 normal subjects
      and from lower forniceal conjunctiva of ten normal subjects. The upper limit of
      normal for number of cells was nearly 500,000/mm3. Lymphocytes accounted for
      about 70% of the inflammatory cells. Neutrophils and lymphocytes were almost
      always present in both the epithelium and the substantia propria. Plasma cells
      and mast cells were present in the substantia propria of all subjects, but never
      in the epithelium. Neither eosinophils nor basophils were found in any specimen.
      We concluded that conjunctiva of the white and quiet eye usually contains heavy
      infiltrates of inflammatory cells.

PMID- 686128
TI  - Cell-mediated immunity after retinal detachment as determined by lymphocyte
      stimulation.

PMID- 686129
TI  - Therapy of scleritis with cytotoxic agents.
AB  - Four patients with severe anterior scleritis that had not responded to
      conventional therapy were treated with cytotoxic immunosuppressive alkylating
      agents alone (one case) or in combination with prednisone (three cases). Two of
      the patients had Wegener's granulomatosis, one pyoderma gangrenosum, and one
      rheumatoid vasculitis. All patients responded well to this therapy with a
      decrease in inflammation and a healing of the sclera. Other systemic
      manifestations of the underlying diseases often responded well also.

PMID- 686130
TI  - High magnification direct ophthalmoscopy.
AB  - The combination of a high minus setting of the ophthalmoscope and an extra
      positive lens in front of the patient's eye forms a Galilean telescope that
      increases magnification in direct ophthalmoscopy. The telescope magnification
      equals the ratio between objective and ocular focal lengths.

PMID- 686131
TI  - A technique for improving corneal clarity during retinal surgery.
AB  - To maintain corneal clarity during scleral buckling operations, the surgeon
      firmly rolls a dry cotton applicator across the edematous corneal surface, and
      the epithelial edema fluid is pressed out and absorbed by the applicator. This
      technique, which may be repeated a number of times, reduces the number of cases
      that require removal of the epithelium.

PMID- 686132
TI  - Line copy presentation slides with Kodalith.
AB  - Line copy presentation slides with white letters on a blue background can be
      produced with a two-step process. The slides are more permanent than diazo
      slides, and the process is faster and less expensive.

PMID- 686133
TI  - Renewed interest in the ancient scourge, xerophthalmia.

PMID- 686134
TI  - Consensual reactions to anterior chamber paracentesis.

PMID- 686135
TI  - Cycloplegics for refraction.
AB  - The actions and indications of cypcloplegics are presented along with recommended
      dosages and uses for clinical measures of refractive error.

PMID- 686136
TI  - Administration of and adverse reactions to cycloplegic agents.
AB  - A minimum clinical history and examination preceding drug instillation is
      described. Clinically effective doses of topically applied cycloplegic agents are
      summarized. A presentation of the causes and incidence of adverse drug reactions,
      both systemic and ocular, is followed by a discussion of general guidelines for
      their prevention or management.

PMID- 686137
TI  - Corneal effects of high plus hydrogel lenses.
AB  - Five aphakic patients and five phakic patients were fitted with high plus Bausch
      & Lomb Soflenses. We evaluated corneal edema, staining, vertical striae, and
      corneal thickness before and after a 5-hr wearing period. The high plus lenses
      produced average corneal-thickness changes of 9.6% and 7.1% for the phakic and
      aphakic groups, respectively. Biomicroscope examination showed moderate amounts
      of vertical striae, epithelial staining, and corneal edema for both groups. The
      amounts of edema, staining, and striae were higher than when regular and thin
      minus lenses were worn. It is likely that the thickness of the high plus lenses
      reduces the oxygen supply to the corneal epithelium, causing relatively marked
      edema.

PMID- 686138
TI  - Choosing the base curve for an ophthalmic lens.
AB  - Although optometrists can be expected to be responsible for the base curve, which
      determines the form of the lens they prescribe, they seldom specify the base
      curve to the optical laboratory. They may ask for a corrected-curve lens without
      specifying the kind of corrected-curve lens. If optometrists were to specify what
      they want in terms of a convex spherical base curve and allow the laboratory a
      leeway of p1.00 D, the laboratory could probably fill the order with an uncut
      lens from stock. With a series of semifinished lenses with convex spherical base
      curves spaced 2.00 D apart, the laboratory can supply a finished lens that will
      meet almost any need. For glasses to be used for distant objects, first
      consideration is usually given to minimizing the unwanted sphere and cylinder in
      the periphery of the lenses. For those who want to aim at this objective, I have
      worked out a series of convex spherical base curves that can be used for various
      combinations of spheres and cylinders.

PMID- 686139
TI  - A subjective method of monitoring corneal scattering.
AB  - Border-enhancement spread is a new criterion for assessing the quality of the
      retinal image. In one study, it was found that the width of the enhanced region
      increases with the steepness of a contact lens fit, and this increase was
      attributed to scattering accompanying corneal edema arising from tight-fitting
      lenses. The present study tested this hypothesis. Corneal thickness and border
      enhancement spread were measured concurrently at regular intervals during and
      after contact lens wear. It was found that border-enhancement spread generally
      follows changes in corneal thickness. Since scattering increases with corneal
      swelling, the findings generally support the hypothesis. However, it was also
      found that variables not originating in the cornea sometimes modify the retinal
      image quality and thus mask the scattering effects. Future applications of the
      methods are discussed.

PMID- 686140
TI  - Optometric education in Nigeria.
AB  - A 3-year optometry program was established at the University of Benin, Nigeria in
      1973. The program is considered from the standpoint of curriculum, faculty,
      clinical instruction, and grading. Some background is given about Nigeria itself.
      Present eye care facilities are reviewed as well as the increasing requirements
      of a developing nation. The need of strong support from established optometry
      schools is indicated.

PMID- 686141
TI  - Juvenile glaucoma revisited.

PMID- 686142
TI  - Influence of methylprednisolone on ultrastructural and cytochemical changes
      during myocardial ischemia. Selective effects on various cell inclusions and
      organelles including lysosomes.
AB  - Occlusion of the circumflex branch of the coronary artery of rabbit hearts for 45
      minutes elicits structural and cytochemical changes in myocytes similar to those
      observed in ischemic dog myocardium, which are indicative of irreversible cell
      injury. When methylprednisolone is administered prior to occluding the artery,
      myocytes are transiently protected and many of the electron microscopic signs of
      irreversible damage are delayed for 15 minutes or more. During this period, the
      steroid preferentially protects mitochondria, lysosomes, and sarcolemma from the
      ischemic changes that normally develop. However, some other events, including
      depletion of glycogen and margination of nuclear chromatin, are only minimally
      influenced by the therapy, if at all. In all hearts, treated and untreated, the
      development of severe cell damage, whenever it occurs, is closely associated with
      cell swelling, mitochondrial dilation with concomitant appearance of amorphous
      osmiophilic densities, and abnormalities in and, ultimately disappearance of
      lysosomes, suggesting that damage to cell membranes is a central event in the
      progression of reversible injury to irreversible infarction and that protection
      of membrane integrity should be a reasonable aim in efforts to ameliorate or
      delay ischemic injury.

PMID- 686143
TI  - The histologic border zone of acute myocardial infarction--islands or peninsulas?
AB  - Observation of isolated islands of apparently surviving myocardium within areas
      of necrotic tissue at the edge of myocardial infarctions has been interpreted by
      some as histologic evidence of a unique "border zone" region. Serial section
      reconstruction of transmural canine myocardial infarctions was performed in this
      study to establish whether these islands were truly isolated or were continuous
      peninsulas of tissue separated by the plane of section. Three-dimensional
      analysis of the infarcts revealed no true islands but instead demonstrated a
      region composed of highly complex interdigitating peninsulas. We conclude that
      there is an extremely irregular but sharp boundary demarcating normal and
      infarcted myocardium with no intermediate zone. This observation is discussed in
      relation to recent data, based on coronary blood flow and creatine phosphokinase
      analysis, which also demonstrates a sharp boundary between the normal and infarct
      zones.

PMID- 686144
TI  - Human glomerular cells in culture. Three subcultured cell types bearing
      glomerular antigens.
AB  - In this paper, we describe three cell types from the explanted human glomerulus:
      the circular glomerular cell (CGC), the rhomboid glomerular cell (RGC), and the
      small ovoid glomerular cell (SOGC). These cells were compared with subcultured
      human umbilical vein endothelial and smooth muscle cells, uterine smooth muscle
      cells, and skin fibroblasts. Immunochemical comparisons utilized antiserums to
      antigens in the human glomerulus: antiglomerular basement membrane,
      antifibroblast surface antigen (FSA) (reactive extensively with the mesangium),
      antiactomyosin (AMY) localizing more restrictively in the mesangium, and
      antihemophilic factor (AHF) localizing to the endothelium. No cultured glomerular
      cells bore the AHF marker of endothelial cells. The epithelioid CGC excrete most
      GBM antigen as an orderly  palisade of granules from the cell surface. FSA is
      rapidly lost from the cell surface. RGC have a typical multilayered smooth muscle
      morphology and have a most prominent complex AMY pattern of periodic aggregates
      and fibrils. FSA adheres to the cell surface. SOGC form an initial nonoverlapped
      monolayer resembling endothelial cells but elongate and form multilayers after
      confluency. The AMY fibril pattern of SOGC is distinctively multidirectional. The
      translation of in vitro characteristics into in vivo identification must be
      interpreted cautiously: CGC may derive from glomerular epithelial cells; RGC may
      derive from mesangial cells; and SOGC may represent a more rapidly proliferating,
      less differentiated form of the epithelial cell or another, unidentified,
      glomerular cell type.

PMID- 686145
TI  - C3b receptors on human glomeruli in vitro. Loss in culture.
AB  - C3b receptors, easily demonstrated on isolated human infant glomeruli, are lost
      as cells grow in culture. This suggests that epithelial cells are
      dedifferentiated or that the C3b receptor is not intrinsic to the epithelial
      cell.

PMID- 686146
TI  - Relation between high energy phosphate and lethal injury in myocardial ischemia
      in the dog.
AB  - The relationship between progressive depletion of high energy phosphate and the
      onset of lethal cell injury in ischemic myocardium following coronary occlusion
      has been evaluated. Myocardial ischemia was induced by proximal occlusion of the
      circumflex coronary artery for 15, 30, 40, or 60 minutes. Cell injury in the
      severely ischemic posterior papillary muscle (PP) was evaluated by electron
      microscopy and by measuring the capacity of slices of the injured PP to maintain
      electrolytes, resynthesize high energy phosphate, and exclude inulin during in
      vitro incubation. ATP content in the ischemic myocardium decreased to 35%, 9%,
      7%, and 5% of control values after 15, 30, 40, and 60 minutes of ischemia,
      respectively, and was associated with a corresponding depletion of total adenine
      nucleotides. The loss of 65% of the ATP after 15 minutes of ischemia (reversible
      injury) was associated with only minimal ultrastructural changes and no
      significant defects of electrolytes in incubated slices. However, the depletion
      of over 90% of the ATP after 40 minutes of ischemia (irreversible injury) was
      associated with significant fine structural changes and markedly altered cell
      volume regulation. The results suggest a close relationship between the marked
      depletion of high energy phsophates and the development of lethal injury in
      acutely ischemic myocardium.

PMID- 686147
TI  - The cyclic hematopoietic dog: a model for spontaneous secondary amyloidosis. A
      morphologic study.
AB  - Spontaneous amyloidosis was found in dogs affected with hereditary cyclic
      hematopoiesis (CH dogs). Early perifollicular deposits of amyloid were observed
      in the spleens of 15-week-old CH dogs. By the 24th week, amyloid deposits were
      also found in the liver, kidneys, pancreas, adrenals, and small intestine; the
      incidence of the condition rose to more than 90%. The visceral involvement and
      the histologic characteristics of amyloid deposition closely resemble those of
      the secondary form in humans. A transient lymphoid hypoplasia was noted in the
      spleens of neonates and pups. This abnormality did not appear to be related to
      exogenous conditions. In young adult dogs, the initial hypoplastic
      characteristics were replaced by enlarged marginal zones in the follicles of the
      spleen, composed  of pyroninophilic cells and, in a later stage, of PAS-positive
      cells. These cellular changes preceded the amyloid deposition. Due to the
      characteristic cyclic neutropenia of the hereditarily transmitted hematologic
      syndrome, most CH dogs experience episodes of infectious diseases, although the
      episodes of infection may be separated by long periods of relatively good health.
      This may provide the underlying antigenic stimulation which triggers the process
      of amyloid deposition. However, the lag period for the onset of amyloidosis is
      extremely short and the type of infections is not considered a predisposing
      factor for amyloid deposition. It is possible that a peculiar sensitivity of the
      lymphoid system in the CH dog would facilitate the development of widespread
      amyloidosis. Since the sequence of splenic lymphoid hypoplasia, follicular
      activation, and amyloid deposition associated with age are consistently repeated,
      the CH dog may be a suitable animal model for the study of the pathogenesis of
      secondary form of amyloidosis in humans.

PMID- 686149
TI  - The origin ofsubdural neomembranes. II. Fine structural of neomembranes.
AB  - A comparison of the fine structure of subdural neomembranes with the fine
      structural organization of the normal human dura-arachnoid interface discloses
      that neomembranes are not de novo proliferations of tissue from a smooth inner
      dural surface. Rather, a neomembrane is the result of proliferation and excessive
      thickening of the normal layer of dural border cells. On proliferation, the dural
      border cells form multilayered tiers and clusters of cells, transfixed by
      capillaries, with collagen fibrils and elastic fibers between them. Capillaries
      and collagen fibrils are absent from the normal interface layer. Pathogenetic
      concepts of chronic subdural hematoma need to be revised. Any pathologic
      condition inducing cleavage of tissue within the dural border layer at dura
      arachnoid interface will be followed by proliferation of fural border cells with
      production of a neomembrane. There is no compelling reason to postulate that
      proliferation of the border cell layer is always secondary to traumatic
      hemorrhage.

PMID- 686148
TI  - The origin of subdural neomembranes. I. Fine structure of the dura-arachnoid
      interface in man.
AB  - A method for the in situ fixation of human meninges for electron microscopic
      examination is described. It was found that the cranial meninges of humans do not
      include a subdural space. Instead there is a complex, tight layer of cells, the
      interface layer, composed in the innermost portion of the dura mater (the dural
      border cells) and the outermost portion of the arachnoid (the arachnoid barrier
      layer). The fusion of these components within the interface layer is much more
      intimate than is either the attachment of the dural border cells to the dura
      proper or that of the arachnoid barrier layer to the rest of the arachnoid. The
      fine structural characteristics of these layers are defined. The erroneous
      macroscopic impression of a subdural space results from an extraordinary lack of
      cohesion within the dura-arachnoid interface layer conditioned by a) a complete
      absence of a collagenous reinforcement within this zone, b) the presence of large
      extracellular cisterns between the dural border cells, and c) a paucity of
      intercellular contacts within that latter layer. An understanding of the fine
      structural organization of the interface layer is essential to any consideration
      of the pathogenesis of subdural lesions: these form within a sheet of torn dural
      border cells and not within a preexistent tissue compartment.

PMID- 686150
TI  - Relationship between glomerular mesangial cell proliferation and amyloid
      deposition as seen by ultrastructural and morphometric analysis in experimental
      kala-azar of the hamster.
AB  - Light and electron microscopic studies combined with a morphometric analysis of
      the hamster glomerulus in experimental kala-azar showed progressive hyperplasia
      of mesangial cells beginning on the 10th day and reaching a peak on the 20th day
      after infection. Afterward, the number of mesangial cells declined and a
      progressive rise of amyloid deposits over the mesangial matrix was observed. This
      system for amyloid production is unique if we consider that probably one cell,
      the mesangial cell, is involved in glomerular amyloid deposition. Our data
      support a slight modification in the sequence of events of the biphasic theory of
      amyloid formation. We observed that the number of mesangial cells declines when
      amyloid deposition increases and that mesangial cell morphology in this stage is
      not that of an actively secreting cell. It is therefore hypothesized that amyloid
      precursor material is secreted into the matrix during the proliferative phase. In
      the second phase, amyloid deposits occur in the extracellular media close to
      functionally impaired mesangial cells.

PMID- 686151
TI  - The effect of steroids on peripheral blood lymphocytes containing parallel
      tubular arrays.
AB  - The response of lymphocytes containing cytoplasmic inclusions called parallel
      tubular arrays (PTA) was determined after the administration of the
      glucocorticoid dexamethasone to 10 healthy volunteers. The percentage of these
      lymphocytes was found to increase during the lymphopenia induced by steroid
      administration. The size and number of parallel tubular arrays per cell showed no
      differences before and after steroid administration, indicating that the increase
      was a result of a change in the proportion of whole cells. This indicates, for
      the first time, that a morphologically defined population of lymphocytes from the
      normal peripheral circulation has been linked to a specific response, ie, steroid
      resistance. The possible mechanism of steroid resistance is discussed.

PMID- 686152
TI  - Focal glomerular sclerosis in the fawn-hooded rat.
AB  - We have examined the nature of focal glomerular sclerosis (FGS) in fawn-hooded
      (FH) rats. The fawn-hooded rat develops pathologic features similar to those
      observed in steroid-resistant focal glomerular sclerosis, ie, by light microscopy
      some of the glomeruli appear normal but others show areas of solidification
      confined to one or two lobules of the tuft. The pathogenesis of this disease is
      not well known and there is a great need for an animal model. In the FH animal, a
      marked difference in the development of the lesion was noted between male and
      female rats. Fifty percent of 4-month-old males had proteinuria in excess of 10
      mg/day (none of the females had significant proteinuria), while all 12-month-old
      males had proteinuria in excess of 45 mg/day (female 12-month-old FH rats had
      mean proteinuria of 7 mg/day). At 6 months of age continuing through 12 months of
      age, male FH rats had mesangial deposits of IgG, IgM, and, occasionally, C3,
      demonstrable by immunofluorescence, whether or not FGS was present. Subepithelial
      electron-dense deposits were never seen by electron microscopy either at 6 of 12
      months. Six-month-old animals frequently did not exhibit FGS. Instead, the
      glomerular epithelial cells, exhibited fusion of foot processes, vacuolization,
      and, in some areas, focal loss of the epithelial covering on the glomerular
      basement membrane (GBM). Six-month-old males with proteinuria exhibited focal
      loss of negative charge from all layers of the filtration barrier. The GBM from
      sclerotic glomeruli of 12-month-old rats was commonly denuded of epithelium. None
      of the animals in this study was uremic. FH rats demonstrated FGS associated with
      progressive glomerular epithelial cell injury.

PMID- 686153
TI  - Functioning oxyphil adenoma of parathyroid gland. An ultrastructural and
      biochemical study.
AB  - Oxyphil cells and oxyphil cell adenomas of parathyroid glands are, in most
      instances, regarded to be nonfunctioning. Although 21 cases of
      hyperparathyroidism associated with parathyroid oxyphil cell adenoma have been
      reported, secretion of hormone by these tumors has not been conclusively
      demonstrated. A parathyroid adenoma, diagnosed by light microscopy as oxyphil
      type, together with the results from ultrastructural and biochemical studies of
      the patient's adenomatous tissue, are reported here. The patient, a 64-year-old
      male, was found to have elevated serum calcium, low serum phosphorus, and
      elevated serum immunoreactive parathormone: findings consistent with
      hyperparathyroidism. After excision of two small normal-appearing glands and one
      greatly enlarged (1.9 g) parathyroid gland, those laboratory values returned to
      normal. Light microscopy of the enlarged parathyroid indicated that it consisted
      almost entirely of an oxyphil adenoma. Electron microscopy revealed that the
      adenoma was composed mainly of mitochondria-rich oxyphil cells but also of
      interspersed transitional oxyphil cells and rare scattered chief cells. Golgi
      zones, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and prosecretory and secretory-like granules
      were observed in some oxyphil cells, in most transitional oxyphil cells, and in
      the infrequent chief cells. Thus, many of these cells appear to contribute to the
      production and secretion of parathormone. Biochemical studies performed directly
      on the adenomatous tissue demonstrated that it was able to synthesize
      proparathormone and parathormone, although the proportion of hormonal peptide
      synthesis relative to that of the total protein synthesis in this tissue was much
      smaller (0.9%) than that found in normal parathyroid tissue (5.7%). There was a
      small increase in immunoreactive parathormone when the adenoma tissue was
      incubated in a low-calcium medium. These findings indicate that this oxyphil
      adenoma of the parathyroid gland synthesized and secreted parathormone,
      apparently to some extent autonomously, but suggest that its capacity to do so
      was largely dependent on its component of cells other than fully developed
      oxyphil cells, such as transitional oxyphil cells.

PMID- 686155
TI  - Experimental Acanthamoeba infections in mice pretreated with methylprednisolone
      or tetracycline.
AB  - Human infections due to free-living amebas of the genus Acathamoeba have been
      reported sporadically, occasionally in individuals with underlying diseases. To
      determine if such infections may be considered opportunistic, groups of
      laboratory mice were pretreated with either methylprednisolone or tetracycline
      and inoculated intranasally with 1.075 times 10(4) Acanthamoeba castellanii
      isolated from a natural fresh water well. Results were compared with controls
      receiving either drug or amebas alone and with controls receiving saline
      injections with and without amebas. The mortality rate for those animals
      receiving methylprednisolone and amebas (50%) was found to be greater than the
      mortality in ameba controls (10%) (P equal 0.074). Similarly, the mortality rate
      for animals receiving tetracycline and amebas (60%) was higher than the mortality
      in the ameba controls (10%) (P equal 0.0286). Precise mechanisms for the
      increased mortality were unknown but were suspected to be due to the capacity of
      either corticosteroids or tetracycline to suppress host defenses, particularly
      those depending on neutrophils. The findings suggest a potentially pathogenic
      role for naturally occurring Acanthamoeba sp in humans with depressed host
      immunity.

PMID- 686154
TI  - Irreversible ischemic cell injury. Prevention by chlorpromazine of the
      aggregation of the intramembranous particles of rat liver plasma membranes.
AB  - Ischemic rat liver tissue has been shown previously to exhibit a markedly
      accelerated rate of phospholipid degradation, producing a loss of almost one half
      the total cellular phospholipid with 3 hours of ischemia. Pretreatment of the
      rats with chlorpromazine completely prevented the disturbed phospholipid
      metabolism at the same time that it prevented the cell death associated with as
      much as 3 hours of ischemia. Lipid-depleted microsomal membranes were shown
      previously to manifest alterations in their structure and function. The present
      report documents that similar structural alterations are evident in ischemic
      liver cell plasma membranes. The technique of freeze-fracture electron microscopy
      was used to examine the morphology of ischemic liver cell plasma membranes.
      Freeze-fracture replicas of whole tissue fragments exhibited a diffuse
      aggregation of the intramembranous particles in the P face of the plasma
      membranes. The incidence of this change correlated with the duration of ischemia.
      Pretreatment of the rats with chlorpromazine (20 mg/kg) for 30 minutes before
      inducing ischemia prevented the aggregation of the membrane-associated particles.
      These findings establish the existence of plasma membrane alterations in ischemic
      liver cells. The time course of these changes, their prevention by
      chlorpromazine, and their similarity to the previously described structural
      alterations in the microsomal membranes suggest that they are related to the loss
      of liver cell phospholipid. The data in the present report support the hypothesis
      that an accelerated phospholipid degradation and its resultant membrane
      dysfunction are the critical alterations that produce irreversible liver cell
      injury and, ultimately, cell death in ischemia.

PMID- 686156
TI  - The Chediak-Higashi syndrome. Evidence that defective leukotaxis is primarily due
      to an impediment by giant granules.
AB  - The primary defect of the Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) which links the several
      known neutrophil abnormalities in this disorder remains enigmatic. In an attempt
      to clarify the mechanism of one of the abnormalities of CHS neutrophils, ie,
      chemotactic migration, the effect of filter pore size was examined in the
      standard Boyden chamber assay. The response of normal neutrophils to a gradient
      of zymosan-activated serum was not influenced by increasing the filter pore size
      from 5 to 8 microgram. However, while CHS neutrophils showed a significant
      reduction in migratory response from the controls with 5-mu filters, the
      difference was eliminated when 8-mu filters were employed. Again, when an
      arachidonic acid gradient was used as the stimulus, migration of CHS neutrophils
      through 8-mu filters equalled that of controls. These findings indicate the
      intact nature of the surface receptor and motility systems of the CHS neutrophils
      and further suggest that the previously defined chemotactic defect in these cells
      can be explained in terms of the mechanical impediment provided by the CHS giant
      cytoplasmic granules.

PMID- 686157
TI  - Turnover of kidney beta-glucuronidase in normal and Chediak-Higashi (beige) mice.
AB  - Kidney beta-glucuronidase turnover has been examined by specific antibody methods
      in normal C57BL/6J mice and in coisogenic C57BL/6J beige mice, an animal model
      for the human Chediak-Higashi syndrome. No effect of the beige gene on the rate
      of glucuronidase synthesis was detected in either untreated or testosterone
      treated mice. Moreover, glucuronidase of beige mice decayed relatively slowly in
      pulse labeling and in hormone withdrawal experiments. Direct measurements of
      secretion confirmed that both in the presence of testosterone and following its
      withdrawal, there was a threefold lower rate of secretion of kidney glucuronidase
      in beige mice. Following hormone withdrawal, the loss of glucuronidase activity
      in beige mice was biphasic, with the second more slowly turning over component
      apparently lost by a nonsecretory mechanism. This persistent nonsecreted
      glucuronidase activity was specifically associated with giant lysosomes in kidney
      proximal tubule cells near the corticomedullary border. Thus, there are two major
      populations of lysosomes in proximal tubule cells of beige mice. Cells of the
      outer cortex contain mainly morphologically normal lysosomes, and their lysosomal
      enzymes are secreted at near normal rates. However, lysosomal enzymes derived
      from the giant lysosomes of cells near the corticomedullary border are secreted
      either very slowly or not at all. The altered secretion of lysosomal enzymes from
      specific kidney cells of beige mice may serve as a model system for study of
      defective fusion of lysosomes with phagocytosed bacteria in cells of Chediak
      Higashi patients.

PMID- 686158
TI  - Normal and abnormal hemostasis--an integrated view. A review.

PMID- 686159
TI  - Animal model of human disease: lepromatous leprosy.

PMID- 686161
TI  - Information flows on a drug product selection bill.

PMID- 686160
TI  - New drugs of 1977: Part II.

PMID- 686162
TI  - Effect of starvation on initiation of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle and
      heart.
AB  - Psoas muscle of rats starved for 2 or 4 days contained increased levels of
      ribosomal subunits and exhibited reduced rates of protein synthesis in vitro,
      demonstrating a starvation-induced inhibition of peptide-chain initiation. The
      activity of an eIF-2-like initiation factor, assayed in postribosomal
      supernatants, decreased in psoas during starvation, parallel to a 25% reduction
      in the RNA level. Reduced eIF-2 activity did not result from nucleotide depletion
      or increased deacylation of initiator tRNA, nor was it abolished by extensive
      dialysis. Perfusion of psoas muscle in the presence of insulin reversed the
      starvation-induced block in peptide-chain initiation, but did not alter the
      activity of eIF-2 or level of RNA. Furthermore, heart muscle did not manifest a
      starvation-induced block in peptide-chain initiation even though the activity of
      eIF-2 and the level of RNA decreased as a result of food deprivation. Thus loss
      of eIF 2 activity in psoas and heart did not parallel changes in peptide-chain
      initiation but was associated with a reduction in tissue RNA. These results
      indicate that the level of eIF-2 is not rate-limiting for peptide-chain
      initiation under the conditions tested in this study.

PMID- 686163
TI  - Glucocorticoid effects on peptide-chain initiation in skeletal muscle and heart.

PMID- 686164
TI  - Protein turnover in man measured with 15N: comparison of end products and dose
      regimes.
AB  - Whole-body protein synthesis was measured with [15N]glycine in malnourished and
      recovered infants and in obese patients. Comparisons were made: 1) between
      results obtained with single (S) and repeated (R) oral dosage of tracer; and 2)
      between urea and ammonia as end products. In the infants S and R gave similar
      values for the synthesis rate. With both methods of dosage, the values obtained
      with NH3 as end product were about two-thirds of those with urea. It is suggested
      that the cause of this result is that glycine contributes preferentially to the
      formation of urinary NH3. With NH3 as end product, a collection period of 12 h
      has been found to be suitable. With urea it is not possible to define an
      appropriate collection period. The combination of single dose of [15N]glycine
      with urinary NH3 as end product provides a simple method for measuring whole-body
      protein synthesis under clinical and field conditions. It can be repeated at
      short intervals and can give useful comparative information provided that
      conditions are carefully standardized. The reproducibility so far is +/- 13%.

PMID- 686165
TI  - Chylomicron composition during duodenal triglyceride and lecithin infusion.
AB  - In lymph fistula rats infused intraduodenally with trioleoylglycerol emulsions,
      the secretion of triglyceride was enhanced and that of total and esterified
      cholesterol in chylomicrons was strikingly reduced when lecithin was added at 4-5
      times the biliary lecithin secretion rate. During continued triglyceride
      secretion in the presence of lecithin, the phospholipid: unesterified cholesterol
      ratio of the chylomicrons increased significantly in contrast to lecithin-free
      emulsions. Bile-diverted lymph fistula rats secreted significantly less
      esterified and total cholesterol in lymph chylomicrons than controls, and the
      difference was magnified by lecithin administration. Cholesterol appears to
      become relatively unavailable for incorportion into chylomicrons when lecithin is
      administered at high rates.

PMID- 686166
TI  - Plasma ammonia and liver ornithine transcarbamoylase activity in zinc-deficient
      rats.
AB  - The effects of zinc deficiency on the activity of hepatic ornithine
      carbamoyltransferase (OCT) and plasma ammonia were studied in rats. One group
      received (ad libitum) zinc-deficient diet containing 2 ppm zinc and the other
      group received a diet containing 110 ppm zinc (group pair-fed control) equal to
      the amount consumed by zinc-deficient rats during the previous 24 h. Rats were
      killed at weekly intervals. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), plasma ammonia, and
      hepatic OCT activity were determined. By end of the 1st wk on zinc-deficient
      diet, the plasma ammonia levels became significantly higher than those of the
      controls and remained elevated thoughout the study period. BUN increased
      initially for 2 wk in the deficient rats, but by the end of 4 wk the levels were
      lower than in the controls. The hepatic OCT activity in deficient animals was
      significantly lowered as compared to the controls by the 3rd wk. It is concluded
      that an increase in plasma ammonia may occur as a result of deficiency of zinc.

PMID- 686167
TI  - Differentiation of glycoprotein synthesis in fetal rat colon.

PMID- 686168
TI  - Galactosyltransferase in fetal, neonatal, and adult colon: relationship to
      differentiation.
AB  - Microsomal galactosyltransferase activity of fetal rat colon increased fourfold
      between 18 and 22 days of gestation and then more slowly during neonatal life
      reaching adult levels after 14 days. The Km for uridinediphosphate- (UDP)
      galactose, pH optimum, cation, and detergent requirements were identical in fetal
      and adult galactosyltransferase. Cytidine 5'-diphosphate-choline stimulated the
      adult but not fetal colonic galactosyltrasferase activity by inhibition of UDP
      galactose pyrophosphatase. The increase in colonic galactosyltransferase in late
      fetal development is correlated with our previous observation that incorporation
      of [3H]galactose is markedly increased during differentiation of the fetal colon.

PMID- 686169
TI  - Effects of thyroxine on protein turnover in rat skeletal muscle.
AB  - The effects of thyroxine (T4) on protein turnover in skeletal muscle were studied
      using normal, thyroidectomized (thyrex), and hypophysectomized (hypox) rats.
      Thyrex rats had a depressed growth rate that was accompanied by 50% reductions in
      the level of RNA and the rate of protein synthesis in gastrocnemius muscle, as
      determined in the perfused hemicorpus. Protein synthetic efficiency (protein
      synthesis per unit RNA) was decreased by 18%. Daily treatment of thyrex rats with
      T4 at different dose levels for up to 16 days led to improved growth rates,
      elevated RNA concentrations, and increased protein synthesis rates. The primary
      effect of T4 was to increase the protein synthetic capacity of muscle. Protein
      degradation, determined in the perfused hemicorpus, and activity of a lysosomal
      protease, determined in unperfused muscle, were reduced in the thyrex condition.
      Treatment of thyrex rats with T4 increased protein degradative rates, but not
      protease activity. Hypox rats, which also exhibited depressed skeletal muscle
      protein synthesis, responded to T4 and combined T4 and growth hormone with marked
      improvements in protein synthesis.

PMID- 686170
TI  - Ketone body turnover and net hepatic ketone production in fasted and diabetic
      dogs.

PMID- 686171
TI  - Simultaneous analysis of families of sigmoidal curves: application to bioassay,
      radioligand assay, and physiological dose-response curves.
AB  - Physiological and pharmacological studies of hormones, drugs, and
      neurotransmitters often generate families of sigmoidal dose-response curves.
      Optimally efficient data analysis should involve simultaneous description of all
      curves, rather than fitting each one individually. We have developed a general
      computerized method to describe the dose-response curves in terms of basal and
      maximal responses, ED50, and curve shape or steepness. This facile method permits
      rigorous statistical analysis, provides a basis for pooling of information from
      separate experiments, and allows one to test which characteristics are shared by
      various curves.

PMID- 686172
TI  - Net potassium addition beyond the superficial distal tubule of the rat.

PMID- 686173
TI  - Sequential changes in catecholamine plasma levels during isotonic volume
      expansion in dogs.

PMID- 686174
TI  - Identification of two components in the natriuretic response to saline loading in
      the rat.

PMID- 686175
TI  - Effects of furosemide and acetylcholine in norepinephrine-induced acute renal
      failure.

PMID- 686176
TI  - Effects of renal fuels on uptake of PAH and uric acid by separated renal tubules
      of the rabbit.
AB  - A rapid-filtration procedure was used to examine the effects of a wide variety of
      renal fuels on the uptake of p-aminohippuric acid (PAH) and uric acid (UA) by
      separated rabbit renal tubules. PAH and UA uptakes in 15 min over a range of
      substrate concentrations of 0.01-10.2 mM were determined. All tricarboxylic acid
      cycle intermediates and pyruvate showed biphasic stimulation of PAH and UA
      uptake. alpha-Ketoglutarate produced a 320 +/- 54% increase in PAH uptake and a
      192 +/- 60% increase in UA uptake at 0.16 mM, the concentration at which uptake
      was maximal, while causing 20 +/- 3 (PAH) and 35 +/- 7% (UA) inhibition at 10.2
      mM. Citrate produced a 373 +/- 19% increase in PAH uptake and a 246 +/- 41%
      increase in UA uptake at 0.64 mM. PAH and UA uptake were also stimulated by
      acetate, glucose frutose, phosphoenolypyruvate and L-glutamic acid. The data
      indicate a direct relationship between stimulation of PAH and uric acid transport
      and stimulation of renal cortical oxidative metabolism.

PMID- 686177
TI  - Determinants of proximal tubular reabsorption as mechanisms of glomerulotubular
      balance.
AB  - The determinants of absolute proximal reabsorption (APR) were studied in four
      groups of rats during hydropenia, partial renal vein occlusion (RVO), saline
      expansion, and RVO after saline expansion. Nephron filtration rate (SNGFR),
      nephron plasma flow (RPF), APR, and proximal tubule (Pt) peritubular capillary
      (HPc), and interstitial (HPi) hydrostatic pressures were measured by
      micropuncture techniques. Subcapsular space (pii) and star peritubular capillary
      (piE) oncotic pressures were also determined. The peritubular capillary
      permeability coefficiency (LpAR) and the corresponding effective reabsorptive
      pressure (ERP) were computed, where APR = LpAR . ERP, and ERP = net reabsorptive
      pressure across the peritubular capillary. The results indicate that APR
      correlates best with SNGFR (P less than 0.05), but not with (pii - HPi), RPF, or
      LpAR. There was a significant relationship between piE and LpAR, where LpAR fell
      with increases in piE (P less than 0.01). In conclusion, 1) changes in absolute
      proximal reabsorption correlate best with changes in nephron filtration rate but
      not with (pii - HPi) across this range of values, 2) changes in efferent oncotic
      pressure (piiE) correlated inversely with LpAR, and 3) glomerulotubular balance
      in the proximal tubule can be partially attributed to intraluminal factors.

PMID- 686178
TI  - Renal and tubuloglomerular feedback responses to plasma expansion in the rat.

PMID- 686179
TI  - Further studies on ion permeation in proximal tubule of necturus kidney.
AB  - In the perfused Necturus kidney, the ratio of transepithelial sodium-to-chloride
      permeabilities (PNa/PCl) was estimated from dilution potentials at 1:7. The ratio
      of transepithelial permeabilities PHCO3/cl was estimated from bi-ionic potentials
      at 1:4 and that of Plact/PCl at 1:12. The permeability sequence, therefore, is
      PCl greater than PHCO3 greater than than PNa or PnaCl greater than PNaHCO3. The
      latter is similar to the situation in the rat. However, because of the low Na
      permeability, passive NaCl absorption by solvent drag is probably less important
      in Necturus than in the rat. The measurement of transepithelial input conductance
      during replacement of extracellular chloride by either bicarbonate or lactate
      shows that the former reduces the transmural conductance to 31% of control values
      as compared with 40% for the latter. Such discrepancies between permeability and
      conductance sequences are consistent either with an interference of the test
      anion with chloride permeation or with the presence of positive fixed changes
      within the shunt pathway.

PMID- 686180
TI  - Concerning "gain".

PMID- 686182
TI  - Effect of arterial pulse pressure and hypoxia on myogenic responses in the gut.
AB  - In intestine, raising venous pressure (PV) elicits a precapillary vasconstriction
      that has been ascribed to a myogenic mechanism through which passive stretch
      elicits active contraction of vascular smooth muscle. A previous report from this
      laboratory indicated that myogenic responses in the gut were largely dependent on
      control conditions. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether
      control blood flow rates or the arterial pulse pressure affects the magnitude of
      myogenic responses. In isolated perfused canine small bowel arterial hypoxia was
      used to increase blood flow. Myogenic responses to elevated PV were not
      significantly different in the normoxic and hypoxic periods, indicating that
      blood flow per se does not greatly alter myogenic responses. When gut loops were
      perfused with pulsatile arterial pressure, myogenic responses occurred more than
      twice as frequently as during nonpulsatile pefusion and they had a greater
      magnitude. The results are consistent with the observation that vascular smooth
      muscle is stimulated not only by steady stretch but also by the rate of stretch.
      The results also suggest that the arterial pressure pulse should be considered in
      the design and interpretation of future studies of local circulatory control.

PMID- 686181
TI  - Increased in blood flow to ischemic myocardium caused by a new dopamine analog.
AB  - In the anesthetized, open-chest dog, intravenous infusion 8-13 microgram . kg-1.
      min-1) of a new dopamine analog 5,6-dihydroxy-2-methylaminotetralin hydrobromide
      (M-8) demonstrated potent coronary vasodilator properties. Blood flow to normal
      myocardium was increased an average of 53% above control flow values and this was
      associated with a decrease in coronary vascular resistance of 50%. The increase
      in blood flow was distributed uniformly to all portions of the myocardium (left
      ventricular free wall, right ventricular free wall, and septum).
      Subendocardial/subepicardial (endo/epi) flow ratios of the left ventricle, right
      ventricle, and septum were not significantly changed from control. In dog hearts
      subjected to acute, sudden occlusion of portions of the left anterior branch of
      the left coronary artery, M-8 produced a 93% increase in flow to the whole heart
      over postocclusion flow values. Flow to tissues of the heart made ischemic by the
      occlusive procedure in creased by an average of 94% during M-8 administration
      despite the fact that the occlusive ligatures remained in place. The vasodilation
      produced by M-8 was accompanied by a 22-24% increase in myocardial capillary
      surface area available for exchange of lipid-insoluble substances, fructose and
      sucrose. Hemodynamic changes associated with M-8 include a transient decrease in
      aortic pressure, but no change in heart rate, left ventricular (dP/dt)/P, or
      central venous pressure. Propranolol blocked the vasodilator activity of M-8. It
      was concluded that M-8 is a beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist having potent
      coronary vasodilator properties which also has the ability to open preexisting
      collateral blood flow channels and provide nutritive flow to ischemic, marginally
      ischemic, and normal myocardium. The cardiovascular actions of M-8 increase blood
      flow and oxygen delivery to the myocardium while decreasing the work and oxygen
      utilization by the heart, suggesting that it may have important antianginal
      characteristics.

PMID- 686183
TI  - Regulation of cerebral blood flow in the ovine fetus.
AB  - The effects on fetal cerebral blood flow (Qc) of changes in the carotid arterial
      and sagittal sinus venous PO2, PCO2, and oxygen content were studied in the
      chronically catheterized ovine fetus in utero at 130-140 days of gestation. Forty
      seven measurements of Qc were made in 20 fetuses with radioactive microspheres.
      In 11 of these animals, 84 measurements of cerebral arteriovenous differences of
      oxygen content were performed, permitting an indirect measurement of cerebral
      blood flow (Qc*), assuming a constant cerebral metabolic rate. Arterial and, in
      11 animals, sagittal sinus blood was withdrawn for analysis of PO2, PCO2, oxygen
      content, and pH at the time of the flow measurements. Preliminary analysis showed
      the best predictor of Qc and Qc* to be the reciprocal of the arterial oxygen
      content (1/CaO2). Multiple linear regression analysis combining the effects of
      1/CaO2 with arterial PCO2 (PaCO2) gave the following equations: Qc = 458.8
      (1/CaO2) + 2.68 PaCO2 - 107.93 (R2 = 0.68); Qc* = 435.54 (1CaO2) + 2.20 PaCO2 -
      75.03 (R2 = 0.86). As a result of the hyperbolic relationship between Qc (and
      Qc*) and CaO2, changes in CaO2 at the low levels found during intrauterine life
      exert an important influence on the fetal cerebral circulation.

PMID- 686184
TI  - Effect of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane on ischemic myocardium.
AB  - Intracellular acidosis may depress myocardial function and metabolism during
      ischemia. In the present study, the function and metabolism of a globally
      ischemic, isovolumic cat left ventricle preparation, perfused with oxygenated
      Krebs-Ringer biocarbonate solution, was examined. Addition of tris(hydroxymethyl)
      aminomethane (Tris) (15 mM) to the perfusate at physiologic pH and PCO2 increased
      performance during ischemia to a greater extent and for a longer period than low
      PCO2 )15 mmHg), alkalotic (pH, 7.8) perfusate and a control sucrose perfusate.
      Under nonischemic conditions the inotropic effect of Tris was only briefly
      greater than sucrose perfusate. The inotropic effect of Tris during ischemia did
      not appear to depend on changes in coronary flow, oxygen consumption, sodium
      concentration, perfusate osmolality, or catecholamine release. During ischemia,
      lactate production was unchanged with Tris, but increased with low PCO2
      alkalosis. Tissue levels of ATP and creatine phosphate for control ischemic
      hearts did not differ from Tris-perfused or low PCO2-alkalosis hearts. Thus, Tris
      appears to exert an inotropic effect that is more prominent in ischemic than
      nonischemic myocardium. The results are consistent with the possibility that Tris
      acts as an intracellular buffer to increase the efficiency of energy production
      and/or utilization during ischemia.

PMID- 686185
TI  - Graded reductions of atrial pressure and renin release.

PMID- 686186
TI  - Preferential distribution of inhbititory cardiac receptors in left ventricle of
      the dog.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the relative magnitudes of the reflex
      effects mediated by sensory endings in the left ventricle activated by
      intracoronary injection of nicotine or veratridine into left anterior descending
      (LAD) or circumflex (Cx) coronary arteries in the dog. Injection of nicotine or
      veratridine into the Cx consistently resulted in larger decreases in heart rate,
      arterial pressure, and in gracilis perfusion pressure than were observed
      following injection of the same dose into the LAD. Vagotomy abolished the
      cardioinhibitory and vasodepressor responses to intracoronary nicotine or
      veratridine. The weight of left ventricle perfused by LAD or Cx was not different
      (43.5 +/- 1.65 and 44.5 +/- 2.2 g, respectively. These data indicate that
      chemical activation of sensory endings with vagal afferents in the
      inferoposterior left ventricle of the dog results in larger cardionhibitor and
      vasodepressor responses than result from activation of respects in the anterior
      left ventricle. Further, these data provide strong evidence that these sensory
      endings which are chemically activated are preferentially distributed to the
      inferoposterior left ventricle.

PMID- 686187
TI  - Transplacental gradients in the guinea pig.
AB  - We measured plasma concentrations of Na+, K+, Mg2+, Cl-, Ca2+, HCO3-, phosphate,
      lactate, glucose, total amino acids, and total protein, and also the total
      (freezing point depression) osmolality and the colloid osmotic pressures.
      Conversion of chemically measured concentrations to osmolalities showed that
      unrecognized solute (s) were present in maternal (7 mM) and fetal (12 mM) plasma.
      Statistically reliable transplacental gradients existed only for calcium ion,
      phosphate, and amino acids, Ionic Na, K Mg, Cl, Ca, HCO3 and lactate were in
      electrochemical equilibrium at potential differences of -4.2 to +1.3 mV. Total
      plasma osmolalities were not significantly different in maternal and fetal
      plasmas in preparations in good condition, but fetal plasma osmolalities rose due
      to lactate secretion in asphyxiated fetuses. Colloid osmotic pressures were about
      5 cmH2O higher in maternal plasmas before 45 days gestation and about 6 cmH2O
      higher in fetal plasmas after 60 days gestation. In the guinea pig, colloid
      osmotic pressures are at least as important as intravascular pressures in the
      regulation of transplacental water flow.

PMID- 686188
TI  - Influence of tris on contracile responses of isolated rat aorta and portal vein.
AB  - The influence of tris(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane (Tris) on the spontaneous
      mechanical activity (SMA) and agonist-induced contractile responses of rat portal
      vein and aorta was investigated. Tris, in a concentration-dependent manner (5,
      10, and 30 mM), significantly increased frequency and attenuated amplitude of SMA
      in portal vein. Tris, in all concentrations, abolished spontaneous activity of
      aorta. Tris (5 mM) attenuated epinephrine-, angiotensin-, and potassium-induced
      contractile responses in portal vein and in aorta: the vein responses exhibited
      the greater sensitivity to Tris inhibition. In the presence of Tris, agonist dose
      response curves were shifted to the right, concomitant with a reduction in
      maximum tension in portal vein. In contrast, in aorta, only a rightward shift of
      the dose-response curves was observed, withour any change in maximum tensions in
      the presence of Tri. Tris (5 mM) depressed contractions induced by calcium in
      potassium-depolarized aortic and venous smooth muscle. These results suggest that
      Tris may interfere with the binding, translocation, and utilization of calcium
      ions at or beyond the membrane in venous smooth muscle and at the membrane in
      aortic smooth muscle.

PMID- 686189
TI  - Response of cultured myocardial cells to countershock-type electric field
      stimulation.
AB  - Myocardial cells isolated from 8-day chick embryos were grown in monolayer
      culture under conditions that produce "standard embryonic" and "adult-type"
      cells. These cells were subjected to electric field stimulation that had a
      waveshape and intensities similar to those used in clinical electric countershock
      procedures. Photocell mechanograms obtained before, during, and after stimulation
      were correlated with simultaneously measured transmembrane potentials to
      determine the relationship between membrane polarization and arrhythmia
      production that occured after the stimulus. The results of these experiments
      demonstrate that a predictable sequence of mechanical responses occurs after
      stimuli ranging in intensity from 6 to 200 V/cm. This sequence, which closely
      resembles that observed in vivo after similar stimulation intensities, consists
      of a single response (activation), tachyarrhythmia, relaxed arrest followed by
      transient tachyarrhythmia, arrest with contracture, and cellular fibrillation.
      This diverse pattern of arrhythmias is associated with a prolonged depolarization
      of the cell membrane which increases with the intensity of the applied stimulus.
      It is probable that this depolarization is caused by a transient
      electromechanical deformation of the cell membrane during the shock. These
      findings contribute to a better understanding of the causes of the arrhythmias
      that appear after clinical and experimental electric countershock procedures.

PMID- 686190
TI  - Left and right ventricular dimensions during ventricular fibrillation in the dog.
AB  - Ventricular dimensions by surface echocardiography and intraventricular pressures
      were monitored in 27 dogs before and during ventricular fibrillation (VF) induced
      by coronary embolization (nine dogs), potassium infusion (nine dogs) and calcium
      infusion (nine dogs). Left ventricular diameter (LVD) fell by an average of 10.3
      mm during the first 30 s after the onset of VF induced by ischemia or potassium
      and remained smaller than the prefibrillation end-diastolic LVD during the
      ensuing 10 min. LVD fell during calcium infusion, and after the onset of VF it
      remained only slightly larger than the preinfusion end-systolic LVD. Right
      ventricular (RV) diameter increased progressively for the first 2 min during VF
      an average of 15.9 mm. The failure of LV size to increase during VF was explained
      by a pressure gradient inhibiting LV filling during the early phase of VF.
      Despite progressive RV filling, pressure in the more compliant RV remained lower
      than in the LV, which exhibited reduced compliance during VF. Therefore, cardiac
      dilation during VF appears to be confined to the RV, and inhibition to LV filling
      is an important feature of the syndrome.

PMID- 686191
TI  - Myocardial oxygen consumption: effects of epinephrine, isoproterenol, dopamine,
      norepinephrine, and dobutamine.

PMID- 686192
TI  - Androgen-mediated sex differences of cardiovascular responses in rats.
AB  - Sex differences in the systemic depressor response to arachidonic acid (50 or 150
      microgram/kg iv) were observed in intact and castrated anesthetized Sprague
      Dawley rats. The rank order of responsiveness was: castrate males, castrate
      females, females, males; all four groups were significantly different (P less
      than 0.05) at the higher dose. Castrated males pretreated with testosterone (1
      mg/kg sc) 5 or 7 days previously gave a response at the higher arachidonate dose
      levels that was of the same order as that obtained with intact males. Similar
      treatment of castrate males with androgen potentiated (P less than 0.05) the
      vasopressor action of norepinephrine (0.25 microgram/kg) on day 7 after the
      testosterone pretreatment. In contrast, treatment with depot estradiol (100
      microgram/kg sc) in castrate males produced no significant change in the response
      to either of the vasoactive compounds on both days 5 and 7 after pretreatment.
      These data suggest that testosterone may be a significant factor in the
      development of sex differences in the cardiovascular systems of rats.

PMID- 686193
TI  - Regional variations in calculated diastolic wall stress in rat left ventricle.
AB  - Principal radii of curvature and wall thickness were measured at the apex and
      three other loci on the free wall of the left ventricle in 16 rat hearts that had
      been fixed at end-diastolic pressure. The law of Laplace was applied to calculate
      the mean tensile stress at each locus. No significant variation was found among
      the nonapical loci, but apical stress was approximately twice the stress
      calculated for any nonapical locus. The higher stresses that must be borne by the
      apex may be a predisposing factor for apical aneurysm in certain cardiomyopathies
      such as Chagas' disease. These higher stresses may also help to promote apical
      aneurysms in patients with ischemic heart disease.

PMID- 686194
TI  - Effect of velocity of distribution on red cell distribution in capillary blood
      vessels.
AB  - Through the use of simulated model experiments, data on blood cell distribution
      into a bifurcating capillary blood vessel are obtained. The results show that the
      movement of red blood cells at a bifurcation point is influenced by the
      difference in velocities of flow in the daughter branches. If the velocity of
      flow in one branch is slower than that in the other, the hematocrit decreases in
      the slower branch and increases in the faster branch. For velocity ratios
      sufficiently smaller than a certain critical value, the hematocrit ratio can be
      expressed by a linear relationship, (H1/H2) - 1 = a[v1/v2) - 1], in which v1,  v2
      and H1 H2 denote the particle velocities and tube hematocritis in the branches 1
      and 2, respectively, and a is a dimensionless contant dependent upon a number of
      factors, the most important of which are the ratio of cell diameter to tube
      diameter, the shape and rigidity of the pellets, and the hematocrit in the
      feeding tube. For velocity ratios beyond a critical value, nearly all the cells
      flow into the faster branch. The smaller the feeding-tube hematocrit is, the
      smaller is the critical velocity ratio at which this phenomenon occurs.

PMID- 686195
TI  - Foreign physicians and other health care providers.

PMID- 686196
TI  - Achievement, awards, and APHA.

PMID- 686197
TI  - Physician importation--a solution to developing countries' rural health care
      problems?
AB  - Developing countries almost universally suffer from severe health service
      shortages, particularly in rural areas. Manpower problems are the most critical
      aspect of the shortages. Iran has recently begun a massive program to increase
      physician supply in its rural areas by importation of physicians from India,
      Pakistan, and the Philippines. The present study investigated two questions: What
      are physicians' reasons for accepting a post in a rural area of another country,
      and what are the attitudes of residents in such rural areas toward foreign
      physicians? Results of a questionnaire survey of foreign physicians indicate that
      the most common reasons for physician acceptance of the posts were higher
      salaries and the desire to go eventually to a Western country. Results of an
      interview survey of Iranian consumers indicate that residents of rural areas were
      far more likely to prefer Iranian auxiliaries than non-Iranian physicians.

PMID- 686198
TI  - A longitudinal study of military performance subsequent to civilian drug use.
AB  - This study evaluates the military performance of soldiers who were identified by
      the Army's urine screening program as having used drugs at the time they reported
      for active duty. The study used prospectively defined cohorts of large size (over
      1,600 urinalysis positive and over 2,400 urinalysis negative entering males) and
      used longitudinal outcome measures drawn from existing medical and personnel
      files. The major findings are that the urinalysis positive individuals were
      significantly more likely not to complete their tour of duty, were more likely to
      be hospitalized, and had more bed-days per hospitalization than their urinalysis
      negative fellow soldiers. In terms of cohorts entering the Army, however, minimal
      improvement in outcome was found by considering an entirely drug-free cohort
      (obtained by omitting the urinalysis positive individuals) compared to a random
      cohort which contained positives at the then current prevalence of 2 per cent.

PMID- 686199
TI  - Planning a food and nutrition surveillance system: the example of Honduras.
AB  - A description of the preliminary steps in establishing a food and nutrition
      surveillance system in a country of Central America is presented in outline. The
      system will provide the basis for policy formulation, program planning, and
      evaluation. It is organized on the basis of the participation and resources of
      seven national agencies and will operate at the local, regional, and central
      level.

PMID- 686200
TI  - School achievement: risk factor in teenage pregnancies?
AB  - A review of live births, spontaneous fetal deaths, and induced abortions in
      residents of Upstate New York ages 12--17 shows that pregnancy rates increased
      during the period 1971 through 1974. This increase was attributable to
      pregnancies ending in induced abortion while live births remained relatively
      stable. White teenagers had a higher frequency of induced abortions than non
      white teenagers, but induced abortions increased more rapidly among non-whites
      over the four-year period. School achievement as reflected by highest grade
      completed at the end of pregnancy was related to risk of pregnancy as well as to
      election of induced abortions. The distribution of pregnancies by age and school
      grade suggests that an increased risk of pregnancy is associated with below
      average but also, and unexpectedly, with above average grade attainment.
      Incongruity of age and school achievement may identify groups of teenage
      schoolgirls with special needs for preventive programs.

PMID- 686201
TI  - The future impact of women physicians on American medicine.

PMID- 686202
TI  - The energy cost of overweight in the United States.
AB  - We have calculated the total fossil energy equivalent of the food calories saved
      by reducing the present degree of overweight (2.3 billion pounds for the adult
      United States population) to optimum body weight and the annual fossil energy
      reduction once all Americans reached their optimum weight. The energy saved by
      dieting to reach optimal weight is equivalent to 1.3 billion gallons of gasoline
      and the annual energy savings would more than supply the annual residential
      electrical demands of Boston, Chicago, San Francisco, and Washington, DC.

PMID- 686203
TI  - An evaluation of the utility of high blood pressure detection fairs.
AB  - Our data indicate that voluntary casual screenings in essentially middle class
      locations may be of limited value in attracting the young, the black, and the
      male relative to the target population. Our screens attracted a large proportion
      of individuals who where already aware of their high blood pressure.
      Nevertheless, these screens can be useful in getting and keeping individuals
      under medical care: newly detected hypertensives, those who knew they have it and
      even some of those under treatment for it.

PMID- 686204
TI  - Lung cancer mortality and urban air pollution.

PMID- 686205
TI  - Scabies in the United States Navy.

PMID- 686206
TI  - Issues in humanizing care for children.

PMID- 686207
TI  - Primary care: improving treatment and learning outside the hospital.

PMID- 686208
TI  - The pregnant smoker.

PMID- 686209
TI  - The pregnant drinker.

PMID- 686210
TI  - Parent-inclusive pediatric units: a survey of policies and practices.
AB  - A nation-wide survey of Parent-Inclusive Pediatric Units identified innovations
      and restrictions in policies and practices. Questionnaires mailed to Directors of
      Nursing Service at 84 general hospitals which encourage parental "living-in"
      indicated that parents are provided with a place to sleep but infrequently are
      offered additional facilities, services, and guidance necessary to optimize their
      presence on the Parent-Inclusive Pediatric Unit. Restrictions on parents
      remaining with their children are common during highly stressful procedures.
      Results indicate a gap between research on the importance of parental presence
      and current hospital practice.

PMID- 686211
TI  - Welfare status, illness and subjective health definition.
AB  - The self-defined health status of welfare recipients hospitalized for illness
      during the preceding year was compared to that of persons not on welfare but
      hospitalized for illness during the same period. Data were derived from a
      systematic probability sample of household residents of the Harlem Hospital
      inpatient district population surveyed July 1967-June 1970. Welfare recipient
      respondents were more likely to perceive their health as fair/poor than were
      persons not on welfare. This difference persisted when the data were analyzed by
      sex, age, reported levels and type of illness, hospital days and number of stays,
      and current usual activity; usual activity was a major explanatory variable but
      only partially accounted for the relationship. It has been hypothesized that in
      achievement-oriented societies, illness may be used as justification for a
      culturally-induced sense of personal failure to fulfill socially prescribed role
      obligations. The data are consistent with this hypothesis.

PMID- 686212
TI  - Elective induction and stimulation of labor and the health of the infant.
AB  - This study examines a large heterogeneous sample to determine whether elective
      induction and stimulation of labor have a beneficial or deleterious effect on the
      health of the infant. Previous studies have reached contradictory results, partly
      because of the small sample sizes employed. This study uses a multiple regression
      analysis of New York City birth certificate data from 1968. We find a small, but
      significant, negative effect on the newborn of both elective induction of labor
      and elective stimulation of labor. When hospital care context is allowed to vary,
      much larger negative effects were found within municipal hospitals and to a
      lesser extent on service wards of voluntary hospitals. Although 1968 findings
      cannot be applied to 1978, the implications are clear.

PMID- 686214
TI  - Rebuff to England's 'myths'.

PMID- 686213
TI  - Canadian approaches to health policy decisions--national health insurance.

PMID- 686215
TI  - A reply to 'more myths in international health planning'.

PMID- 686216
TI  - A smoking cessation program for pregnant women: an exploratory study.

PMID- 686217
TI  - Social characteristics of natural childbirth users and nonusers.

PMID- 686218
TI  - The prevalence of clinically treated diabetes among Zuni reservation residents.
AB  - At least one-fourth of the over 45 aged population of the Zuni Indian reservation
      have diabetes. The true prevalence may be higher since an unknown number of Zunis
      had no blood sugar measurements during 1975-76 and therefore no opportunity for
      diagnosis. The high prevalence of diabetes among the Zunis has not been
      previously documented. It is similar to that found in the well-studied Pima
      Indians and much higher than that in a carefully examined large white population.

PMID- 686219
TI  - Monitoring consumer satisfaction with the clinical services provided to
      'exceptional' children.
AB  - Given recent federal and state legislation mandating all necessary services for
      children with handicapping conditions, it is incumbent upon the providers of
      health care services to demonstrate accountability for their services to children
      with special needs. A procedure to assess the satisfaction of parents and
      community-based case coordinators with clinical services provided to such
      children has been demonstrated. By focusing on specific service elements, it is
      possible to align optimum versus actual consumer satisfaction. Through an
      analysis of observed variance, the modification of documented weaknesses can
      decrease the difference between optimum and actual consumer satisfaction levels.
      This procedure will be continued on a bi-annual, longitudinal follow-up basis to
      monitor progress. The concept of consumer input into the provision of clinical
      services is relevant to other developments in the field of health care which
      place importance on administration accountability. Those health care providers
      who recognize the value of consumer input and allow for its incorporation into
      their service programs will be better able to adapt their systems to the emerging
      trend towards medical accountability. Self-ordered accountability is more
      meaningful, is easier to understand than government imposed regulations, and can
      be smoothly blended into an organization's goals and objectives.

PMID- 686220
TI  - Caution against use of extrapolated risk estimate.

PMID- 686221
TI  - On definition of anemia in pregnancy.

PMID- 686222
TI  - "Shug" Jordan's seven D's of success.

PMID- 686223
TI  - Evaluation of the acromioclavicular joint following first- and second-degree
      sprains.

PMID- 686224
TI  - Acromioclavicular dislocation.

PMID- 686225
TI  - Knee arthrography: a comparison of radiographic and surgical findings in 295
      cases.

PMID- 686226
TI  - Rotary mechanics after pes anserinus transplant: a method for dynamic assessment.

PMID- 686227
TI  - Effect of preseason conditioning on the incidence and severity of high school
      football knee injuries.
AB  - An 8-year study comparing two groups of high school varsity football players has
      shown that the number of knee injuries, and the severity of knee injuries that do
      occur may be significantly reduced by total body preseason conditioning.

PMID- 686228
TI  - The kick: biomechanics and collision injury.

PMID- 686229
TI  - Functional foot reconditioning exercises.

PMID- 686230
TI  - Osteoid osteoma as a cause of knee pain in the young athlete: a case study.
AB  - Knee problems are frequently seen in young athletes. It is important for the
      examining physician to be mindful of the complex differential diagnosis of knee
      pain in the adolescent, and not presume a traumatic origin of this pain. A case
      of osteoid osteoma of the distal medial condylar epiphysis of the femur in a 15
      year-old athletic male, who presented with limitation of extension of the knee
      and medial joint pain and swelling, which could easily be misinterpreted as
      internal derangement, is discussed as an example of this problem.

PMID- 686232
TI  - Ewing's sarcoma. A light- and electron-microscopic study of 21 cases.
AB  - Twenty-one cases of Ewing's sarcoma were analyzed by light- and electron
      microscopy and the fine structure compared to that described in previous
      publications. In the predominant "primary" tumor cells, glycogen was abundant in
      53% of cases, infrequent in 33%, and rare in 14%. In three cases, microtubules,
      in association with glycogen, were demonstrated. The so-called differentiated
      "secondary" reticular tumor cells were sparsely populated in eight cases.
      Evidence is presented to suggest that these so-called "secondary" reticular cells
      are merely "primary" tumor cells in a state of regression. Secondary cells and
      cells with nuclear identations or convolutions were of no discernible prognostic
      significance. The histogenesis of Ewing's sarcoma remains an enigma but present
      findings support a primitive mesenchymal origin.

PMID- 686231
TI  - Tibiofibular synostosis and recurrent ankle sprains in high performance athletes.
AB  - Recent evidence points toward a weight bearing and dynamic stabilizing function
      of the distal fibula in ankle joint mechanics. When fibular rotation and
      translation are restricted, ankle pain during weight bearing and push off often
      (but not always) results. The case histories of six professional athletes with
      distal tibial synostosis resulting from internal rotation-inversion injury
      confirm recent reports of ankle disability resulting from restriction of fibular
      motion, but suggest that there may be many patients with this lesion who are not
      disabled. Two patients with incomplete synostosis were asymptomatic, and one with
      complete synostosis had only occasional pain after vigorous exercise.

PMID- 686233
TI  - Leiomyosarcoma of male breast originating in the nipple.
AB  - A case of leiomyosarcoma of the breast in a 53-year-old man originating in the
      erectile musculature of the nipple is presented. The tumor assumed roughly the
      conical configuration of the nipple musculature and was limited to the mammary
      gland. Ultrastructural study of the tumor revealed neoplastic smooth muscle cells
      with typical myofilaments.

PMID- 686234
TI  - Sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid following radiation therapy.
AB  - This paper reports a case of a 12-year-old boy with fatal sebaceous carcinoma
      originating from the eyelid. The carcinoma developed 11 years after curative
      radiation therapy for bilateral retinoblastoma. Sebaceous carcinomas associated
      with previous irradiation are uncommon, and only five such cases have been
      published. Three of the patients were treated for benign disorders and the two
      other cases followed radiation therapy for bilateral retinoblastoma. Second
      malignant neoplasms in patients with bilateral retinoblastoma are thought to be
      related to a genetically inherited predisposition to the development of second
      malignant tumors. Radiation therapy is claimed to be an inducing factor in many
      cases but malignant neoplasms are also found in areas distant from the portals of
      irradiation as well as in patients not irradiated. Most of the secondary tumors
      were sarcomas, and usually osteogenic sarcomas.

PMID- 686235
TI  - Consultation case: benign glandular inclusions in iliac lymph nodes.

PMID- 686236
TI  - Giant-cell lesion of sacrum.

PMID- 686237
TI  - What can and cannot be achieved with conventional anti-malaria measures.
AB  - Malaria eradication has been based on interception of the vectors through the
      spraying of houses with DDT. With proper strategy and adequate execution this
      goal should be achieved in the extensive areas where the vector is responsive to
      the insecticide, but in large regions where it is refractory other conventional
      measures against the vectors are more costly and cannot produce eradication. In
      such cases new ways should be sought to tackle the other primary epidemiological
      factors--the parasite and the susceptible human being. There is so far no drug
      which can eliminate the parasites from man with one or two doses and that has a
      long-lasting protective effect against new infections, the two conditions
      required for effectiveness in the field. The development of a vaccine to protect
      susceptible human beings is the other possibility being explored at the present
      time. Let us hope that such a vaccine may become available.

PMID- 686238
TI  - Hemoglobin A2 levels in malaria patients.
AB  - The influence of malaria on the hemoglobin A2 (Hb A2) level in humans was studied
      in a series of 94 imported cases in Belgium. Sixty-nine of the patients were
      natives of Western European countries, their results are reported separately
      since their origin and the results of their hematological examination made it
      unlikely that they carried the beta-thalassemia trait. The Hb A2 level of the 94
      malaria patients (mean 2.76%; S.D. 0.51%) was not statistically different from
      that found in 60 healthy controls (mean 2.70%; S.D. 0.38%; P greater than 40).
      Likewise the level of the 65 Western European patients was not statistically
      different from that of the same controls (mean 2.81%; S.D. 0.42%; P greater than
      0.10). There was also no significant difference between the level in patients
      infected with a particular species of Plasmodium and that of the controls. No
      correlation was found between the Hb A2 level and the intensity of the
      parasitemia or the concentration of total hemoglobin in the blood. These results
      are discussed in comparison with the divergent ones obtained by others and it is
      suggested that malaria has no significant influence on the results of surveys for
      the prevalence of beta-thalassemia in regions of malaria endemicity.

PMID- 686239
TI  - The antileishmanial activity of lepidines.
AB  - A series of lepidines (6-methoxy-4-methyl-8-aminoquinoline derivatives) was
      studied in a hamster-Leishmania donovani model. Members of this class were found
      to have activity many-fold that of the standard, meglumine antimoniate
      (Glucantime). One of them, 8-(6-diethylamino-hexylamino)-6-methoxy-4
      methylquinoline, designated WR 6026, when given orally was over 700 times as
      effective as the standard antimonial drug.

PMID- 686240
TI  - Comparative evaluation of two dosages of tinidazole in the treatment of
      giardiasis.
AB  - Forty-five patients with parasitologically confirmed symtomatic giardiasis were
      treated with tinidazole. A course of 150 mg twice daily for 7 days cured 14 of 19
      patients (74%), and a single dose of 2,000 mg cured 24 of 26 (92%). After the
      single dose, mild side effects were common including maltase, lassitude, and
      dizziness. Three probable cases of the so-called "postgiardiac syndrome" were
      seen. Either dosage of tinidazole initially cleared all stool samples of Giardia
      lamblia, and most clinical and parasitological failures were first detected a few
      weeks after the treatment. This emphazises the significance of long follow-up
      periods.

PMID- 686241
TI  - Serum sickness with furazolidone.
AB  - Two cases of serum sickness from furazolidone (Furoxona), prescribed for
      giardiasis in Latin America, are described. No previous case of serum sickness
      related to this drug has been reported in the United States. Tartrazine (yellow
      dye number 5), a component of furazolidone tablets (Furoxona) manufactured in
      Latin America countries but no longer included in the drug (Furoxone) in the
      United States is suggested as a possible cause of serum sickness.

PMID- 686242
TI  - Extensive cutaneous burn complicated by severe necrotizing amebic enterocolitis.
      Pathogenic factors resulting in severe amebic disease.
AB  - A 59-yr-old Mexican-American man developed fatal necrotizing amebic enterocolitis
      following an extensive cutaneous thermal injury. Those factors in the severely
      burned patient which predispose to amebic disease are discussed.

PMID- 686243
TI  - Cystoscopic picture of Schistosoma haematobium in Egyptian children correlated to
      intensity of infection and morbidity.
AB  - Cystoscopy was done on 45 children, 5--12 yr old, infected with Schistosoma
      haematobium. On the basis of urinary egg output, the children were classifed as
      having mild, moderate, or heavy infection and the cystoscopic picture was
      correlated with their egg output and with their signs and symptoms. Lesions
      reported, in descending order of frequency, were: hyperemia, sandy patches,
      tubercles, ulcers, nodules, and polyps. Multiple schistosomal lesions were
      present in some patients and the frequency and severity of lesions correlated
      with the heaviness of infection. Individual variation in the severety of response
      to S. haematobium was observed.

PMID- 686244
TI  - Susceptibility of Bahian population of Biomphalaria glabrata to an allopatric
      strain of Schistosoma mansoni.
AB  - Seventeen populations of snails (Biomphalaria glabrata) from the state of Bahia,
      Brazil were studied with respect to their susceptibility to infection with an
      allopatric strain of Schistosoma mansoni. Two of the populations were from the
      city of Salvador, 3 from other sites in Bahia, and 12 from habitats in the
      municipio Castro Alves. Our data show that the Bahian snail populations are
      extremely variable in their susceptibility to an allopatric strain of S. mansoni
      and that the phenomenon is not associated solely with distantly separated
      strains, but is present, as well, in adjacent populations situated in a
      restricted geographic region. Of the 6 populations found to be completely
      refractory to infection when exposed at a size of 5--7 mm, only 2 were refractory
      when exposed at 5--12 days of age. It is suggested that the variability to
      infection displayed by populations in a restricted geographic area may be
      explained by assuming that the Founder Principle was operative.

PMID- 686245
TI  - Liver changes in hamsters infected with a liver fluke of man, Opisthorchis
      viverrini.
AB  - Thirty male Syrian golden hamsters were each infected with 100 metacercariae of
      Opisthorchis viverrini. The hamsters were killed at 3, 7, 15, 30, 154 days of
      infection. The early pathological changes consisted of an acute inflammatory
      reaction involving the bile ducts of the second order and the portal connective
      tissue, especially the large veins, as well as focal coagulation necrosis of the
      liver lobules. As the flukes developed into adults they induced hyperplasia and
      adenomatous formations of the bile duct epithelium. There was also a
      granulomatous response to the adult flukes and eggs. Resolution of the granulomas
      led to periductal and portal scarring. These findings suggest that
      immunopathologic mechanisms may be important in the pathogenesis of liver fluke
      disease.

PMID- 686246
TI  - Diagnostic value of the Widal test in areas endemic for typhoid fever.
AB  - The usefulness of a single Widal test to diagnose typhoid fever in endemic areas
      was investigated. Reciprocal Salmonella typhi O and H titers greater than or
      equal to 40 and greater than or equal to 80, respectively, occurred in
      approximately 90% of 42 Mexican patients with bacteriologically-confirmed typhoid
      fever at the time of presentation to hospital and, by day 4 to 5 of clinical
      illness, in 70% of U.S. adult volunteers who developed typhoid fever in the
      course of vaccine efficacy trials but in only 0.7% (O) to 3% (H) of 275 healthy
      individuals from a non-endemic area. Healthy Peruvians from areas endemic for
      typhoid fever commonly had antibody which was age-related. Peak prevalence was
      found in 15- to 19-yr-olds in whom 29% had O titers greater than or equal to 40
      and 76% had H titers greater than or equal to 80. A single Widal test in an
      unvaccinated individual showing elevated O and H titers is strongly suggestive of
      typhoid fever if the person comes from a non-endemic area or is a child less than
      10 yr of age in an endemic area. Because of the high prevalence of antibody
      amongst healthy invididuals over 10 yr of age in endemic, areas, a single Widal
      test offers virtually no diagnostic assistance in adolescents and adults.

PMID- 686247
TI  - Paracoccidioidomycosis (South American blastomycosis): treatment with miconazole.
AB  - Six patients with multisystem paracoccidioidomycosis proven by serology and
      culture or smear were treated with relatively brief courses of intravenous
      miconazole. Two had relapsed following prior therapy; 6 had active pulmonary, 4
      laryngeal, 2 oropharyngeal, 2 lymphoid, and 1 abdominal disease. Paracoccidioides
      brasiliensis was highly susceptible to miconazole in vitro; minimal inhibitory
      concentration was less than or equal to 0.001 microgram/ml. Clinical examination
      showed a prompt and objective response in all patients, confirmed by smear or
      culture and X-rays; in 4/6 serological response was shown. Side effects were
      minor. Two patients relapsed 3--5 mo after therapy; another had a rise in
      antibody 6 mo after therapy and was given maintenance oral sulfa. One remains in
      remission 7 mo after treatment; two given oral sulfa after response to miconazole
      remain in remission 4--6 mo after treatment. Paracoccidioidomycosis responds well
      to miconazole, but longer courses may be needed to prevent relapse.

PMID- 686248
TI  - Paracoccidioidin and histoplasmin sensitivity in Coari (state of Amazonas),
      Brazil.
AB  - A skin test survey with paracoccidioidin and histoplasmin was conducted on 495
      residents of Coari in the Brazilian state of Amazonas. Positive dermal reactions
      to paracoccidioidin and histoplasmin were seen, respectively, in 13.9% and 50.1%
      of the study subjects. Specific reaction to paracoccidioidin was observed in 1.6%
      of the individuals, and to histoplasmin in 37.8%. Cross-reactivity between the
      two antigens in persons who reacted positively to both skin tests was not totally
      reciprocal. There were no significant differences in dermal reactivity to either
      of the two antigens in either sex, or among different occupational groups. No
      precipitating antibody to paracoccidioidin or histoplasmin was detected in the
      sera of the skin test-positive individuals by the immunodiffusion test. Skin test
      positivity in the general population of Coari reaffirmed the concept of benign,
      self-limited infection in paracoccidioidomycosis and histoplasmosis. It also
      identified the equatorial forests of the Upper Amazon Basin as endemic zones of
      these two mycoses.

PMID- 686249
TI  - Humoral and cell-mediated immunity to Histoplasma capsulatum during experimental
      infection in neotropical bats (Artibeus lituratus).
AB  - The humoral and cell-mediated immune responses of the large, frugivorus bat,
      Artibeus lituratus, were studied following intraperitoneal injection of 10 or
      10(4) viable mycelial particles of Histoplasma capsulatum. Most bats had both
      cultural and histologic evidence of disease at autopsy. Utilizing a technique
      designed to measure the volume of footpad swelling in hypersensitive bats a
      significant degree of delayed hypersensitivity to histoplasmin was evident in
      both groups 4 to 6 wk after infection. Precipitating antibodies first appeared in
      the serum 3 wk after infection, but only in the animals infected with 10(4)
      viable organisms. Both the double diffusion and counterimmunoelectrophoresis
      techniques for antibody gave identical results. These findings suggest that A.
      lituratus is very susceptible to infection with H. capsulatum, and that a mild
      infection will stimulate delayed hypersensitivity to the organism but only low
      levels of antibody. The footpad test utilized in this study may be a sensitive
      and practical method for detecting natural infection in bats.

PMID- 686250
TI  - Blood meal size as a factor affecting continued host-seeking by Aedes aegypti
      (L.).
AB  - The effect of ingested blood on the host-seeking response of two strains of Aedes
      aegypti was examined. Using an olfactometer, females fed partial blood meals were
      scored for host-seeking behavior within 1 h, and their blood meal sizes were
      measured chemically immediately afterwards. The suppression of host-seeking
      within 1 h after a blood meal appears to be caused by abdominal distention from
      ingested blood. Mosquitoes of either strain were attracted to a host when the
      blood meal size was less than 2.5 microliter; above this threshold there was a
      sharp decline in the tendency to respond. Small mosquitoes resulting from a low
      larval diet had a lower threshold, and were more likely to cease host-seeking
      after a small blood meal. Multiple feeding within a single gonotrophic cycle may
      result if mosquitoes take small blood meals which are insufficient to terminate
      host-seeking. Partial meals and reduced feeding success of mosquitoes can result
      from defensive host behavior, which in the laboratory rat was shown to increase
      at high mosquito densities.

PMID- 686251
TI  - "Ghost" forms of Giardia lamblia cysts initially misdiagnosed as Isospora.
AB  - Because of their distinctive morphology the cysts of Giardia lamblia usually are
      not mistaken for cysts or eggs of other intestinal parasites. At a hospital
      laboratory in Kentucky a case of giardiasis was encountered in which the initial
      fecal examination revealed only degenerated cysts of Giardia which were mistaken
      for the oocysts of Isospora at the one-sporoblast stage.

PMID- 686252
TI  - Oxolinic acid for the treatment of chronic gastrointestinal Shigella carriers.
AB  - Two patients were long-term gastrointestinal carriers of Shigella flexneri for 23
      mo and 6 mo, respectively. Neither patient responded to oral antibiotics, despite
      in vitro sensitivity of the bacteria to the antibiotics administered. Oral
      oxolinic acid produced immediate cessation of the carrier state in both patients,
      with resolution of minor but persistent physical complaints.

PMID- 686253
TI  - Antibodies to snowshoe hare virus of the California group in the snowshoe hare
      (Lepus americanus) population of Nova Scotia.
AB  - Serological study showed the presence of antibodies to snowshoe hare virus in 6-
      14% of snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) samples in Nova Scotia. This report
      extends the known range of this virus in North America.

PMID- 686254
TI  - David M. Hume memorial lecture. In situ vein bypass in the treatment of
      femoropopliteal atherosclerotic disease: a ten year study.
AB  - The in situ vein bypass technic for femoropopliteal atherosclerotic disease is
      described. Several factors influence the long-term results, the most important
      being a history of myocardial disease, the size of the vein graft, and sufficient
      runoff.

PMID- 686256
TI  - Redo surgery for graft failure.

PMID- 686255
TI  - Management of ruptured thoracic aortic aneurysms.
AB  - Nine cases of emergency resection of the thoracic aorta without temporary shunt
      or cardiopulmonary bypass are presented. Five were acute traumatic transections
      of the descending thoracic aorta secondary to blunt trauma. All five patients
      survived without sequelae. Four of the patients had ruptured arteriosclerotic
      aneurysms, including one aortobronchial fistula and one aortobronchial esophageal
      fistula. Two of these four patients survived without sequelae and two died in the
      postoperative period. One of the two latter patients had paraplegia. A review of
      the different methods of prevention of ischemic damage to the spinal cord and
      abdominal viscera is presented. Use of simple aortic cross clamping in the
      emergency situation for both acute traumatic transections of the aorta and
      ruptured arteriosclerotic aneurysms of the thoracic aorta is justified.

PMID- 686257
TI  - Arteriovenous fistula secondary to rupture of atherosclerotic abdominal aortic
      aneurysm. Report of five cases.
AB  - Five patients with an acute spontaneous arteriovenous fistula as a result of
      rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysms into the inferior vena cava of iliac vein
      are presented. A high mortality usually accompanies this rather infrequent
      complication of abdominal aortic aneurysms. The pathologic and physiologic
      aspects of this catastrophic event are discussed with emphasis on the variation
      of operative management necessary for a successful outcome.

PMID- 686258
TI  - On surgical reconstruction of the external carotid artery.

PMID- 686259
TI  - Position artifacts in occlusive impedance phlebography (plethysmography).
AB  - The accuracy of occlusive impedance phlebography (IPG) depends on recognition of
      the artifacts that produce false-positive results. Fifty per cent of a series of
      studies of patients with normal legs showed abnormal results when the recording
      was made with the leg held straight. We therefore recommend that the patient's
      leg position be carefully monitored when an IPG test is being administered.

PMID- 686260
TI  - Femorofemoral grafting: indications and late results.
AB  - Experience with fifty-three femorofemoral grafts performed as the initial
      operation for iliac occlusive disease over a ten year period is reviewed. There
      was one operative death (2 per cent). There were two early and three late graft
      failures, for a five year cumulative graft patency rate of 80 per cent. Of the
      twenty-eight patients in whom the femorofemoral graft was performed for limb
      salvage, the five year cumulative limb salvage rate was 91 per cent. During the
      follow-up period, two grafts were converted to axillobilateral femoral grafts
      because of recurrent symptoms of claudication caused by progression of disease in
      the iliac system from which the femorofemoral graft originated. All other
      patients with patent grafts have had satisfactory relief of symptoms throughout
      the follow-up period.

PMID- 686261
TI  - Initial experience with the polytetrafluoroethylene graft for limb salvage. A
      report on twenty patients.
AB  - The early results of the bypass procedures for limb salvage using the new
      polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) graft are analyzed. Of twenty patients presenting
      with either severe rest pain or gangrene, patency has been maintained in fourteen
      for a mean period of thirteen months to date. Particularly satisfying results
      have been achieved when bypassing into single dominant arteries below the knee
      where limb salvage and graft patency was obtained in all cases.

PMID- 686262
TI  - New Doppler pressure indexes plotted as curves. Curve configuration used to
      determine sites of arterial obstruction.
AB  - Brachial, femoral (in the groin), popliteal, and tibial systolic blood pressures
      were determined with the Doppler technic. New indexes were developed:
      femoral/brachial (B/B), popliteal/femoral (P/F), ankle/femoral (A/F), and
      ankle/popliteal (A/P). Curves were plotted using these indexes and compared with
      established configurations. As a result the site or sites of obstruction were
      rapidly determined.

PMID- 686263
TI  - The posterior stocking seam approach to radical subfascial clipping of
      perforating veins.
AB  - The posterior stocking seam approach to radical subfascial ligation of
      perforating veins has been advocated for the patient with postphlebitic syndrome
      presenting with severe stasis dermatitis, leg edema, and recurrent ulceration.
      Our indications for this procedure have been extended to include signs and
      symptoms of advanced venous insufficiency which persist after multiple operative
      procedures for recurrent varicose veins in the absence of deep venous thrombosis.
      In this series of twenty-five operations there was one instance of recurrent
      stasis ulceration after the procedure, and reversal of the pigmentation of stasis
      dermatitis was dramatic in the majority of cases. All limbs have completely
      healed, and there has been no significant swelling. The long-term results of this
      surgical procedure have been excellent, and short-term complications have been
      minimal.

PMID- 686264
TI  - Evaluation of extracranial cerebrovascular disease with ocular
      pneumoplethysmography.
AB  - The results of OPG studies performed on 121 patients between 1974 and 1977 are
      compared with the results of biplane angiograms. By adding criteria based on the
      ratio of AOP:BAP, the overall accuracy was increased from 76.9 to 91.7 per cent.
      This improvement was obtained by establishing criteria that identified bilateral
      significant lesions. The results have confirmed the value of OPG in noninvasive
      assessment of carotid artery disease.

PMID- 686265
TI  - Upper extremity complications of axillofemoral grafts.
AB  - Four patients sustained five upper extremity complications after axillobifemoral
      grafting including brachial plexus injuries, axillary artery thrombosis, and
      arterial steal. To avoid these problems, the following precautions are
      recommended: (1) proper positioning of the patient to prevent hyperabduction of
      the shoulder; (2) adequate exposure of the axillary artery during dissection and
      gentle handling of the nerve trunks; (3) meticulous technic during construction
      of the proximal anastomosis and avoidance of undue tension on the graft; and (4)
      careful preoperative assessment of the axillary-subclavian artery as a potential
      donor vessel.

PMID- 686266
TI  - Importance of the profunda femoris artery in primary and secondary arterial
      operations for lower extremity ischemia.

PMID- 686267
TI  - Extraperitoneal aortoiliac disobliteration with plaque cracker.
AB  - Disobliteration of the aorta and iliac arteries through an extraperitoneal
      approach is described. An intimal guillotine (plaque cracker) is used to transect
      the intima of the unopened vessel. The intima is then milked down to a transverse
      arteriotomy in the left common iliac artery, through which all of the discarded
      intima is removed. Since the intima is dissected free before opening the vessels,
      blood loss is minimal. The procedure is rapid and requires only an average of 19
      minutes of aortic cross clamping. Our operative mortality was 4.2 per cent and
      the long-term patency rate 75 per cent.

PMID- 686268
TI  - Retroperitoneal aortofemoral bypass using a reversed L-shaped prosthesis.
AB  - An extraperitoneal approach for aortofemoral bypass has proven superior to the
      transperitoneal approach. The incision starts at the tip of the eleventh rib and
      extends obliquely downward to 2 inches above the femoral point, where it turns
      further downward over the femoral artery. This approach is especially suitable
      for a reversed L-shaped prosthesis which extends from the aorta directly to the
      left femoral artery and crosses the abdomen subcutaneously to the right groin,
      where an anastomosis is made with the right femoral artery. The operation is
      simple and rapid. Morbidity is reduced and recovery is accelerated. The same
      incision is used to perform aortoiliac endarterectomy. Fifteen patients with
      occlusive disease and twenty-one with aneurysms received reversed L-shaped
      prosthesis through an extraperitoneal approach. The procedure was superior to
      that involving a transperitoneal approach to the aorta and the reversed L-shaped
      graft was superior to the Y graft for replacement fo the iliac arteries.

PMID- 686269
TI  - Ultimate salvage for the patient with limb-threatening ischemia. Realistic goals
      and surgical considerations.

PMID- 686270
TI  - The effects of ischemia on the electrical and contractile activities of the
      canine small intestine.
AB  - The effects of ischemia on the electrical and contractile activites of the small
      bowel were studied in dogs. Ischemia due to arterial occlusion abolished the
      contractile activity and made the regular rhythm of the pacesetter potential (PP)
      irregular. Revascularization within 3 hours restored the contractile activity and
      the PP rhythm. With longer periods of ischemia, revascularization did not restore
      contractile activity, and the PP pattern remained irregular or slow.

PMID- 686271
TI  - A thirty year study of breast cancer in a consecutive series of private patients.
      Is axillary nodal study a valuable index in prognosis?
AB  - A consecutive series of 435 patients with breast cancer followed from six to
      thirty years is presented. Radical mastectomy was the surgical procedure of
      choice and our experience indicated that the degree of axillary nodal involvement
      is a most important guide in establishing prognosis in this disease. The majority
      of recurrences became evident within the first five postoperative years, the next
      most hazardous period for the patient being the half decade between the fifth and
      tenth years after initial therapy. A second independent malignancy developed in
      37 of the 275 pateints who died, and it was the cause of death in 7.6 per cent of
      this group. Among the 160 patients still living to date a second independent
      malignancy has already developed in 10. Bilateral breast cancer was observed
      thirty-eight times in this entire series of 435 patients, an incidence of 8.7 per
      cent.

PMID- 686272
TI  - General surgical complications after cardiac surgery.

PMID- 686273
TI  - The role of Doppler ultrasound in acute deep vein thrombosis.
AB  - Doppler ultrasound in the range of 5 mHz is a simple, portable, inexpensive, and
      accurate technic for the diagnosis of acute deep vein thrombosis. One hundred
      sixty patients underwent bilateral Doppler examinations and ascending contrast
      venography. The overall accuracy was 94 per cent.

PMID- 686274
TI  - The posterior approach for villous tumors of the rectum. Report of eleven cases.
AB  - Use of the posterior surgical approach for the management of villous adenoma of
      the rectum below the peritoneal reflection has been evaluated in eleven patients.
      There has been no mortality and no recurrence. The Kraske approach was also
      suitable in four patients with noninvasive adenocarcinoma arising within villous
      adenomas, although there is no place for this procedure in the treatment of
      invasive carcinoma.

PMID- 686275
TI  - The prevention of intussusception after small bowel bypass.

PMID- 686276
TI  - Acute anal fissure: treatment by lateral subcutaneous internal anal
      sphincterotomy.
AB  - Lateral subcutaneous internal anal sphincterotomy in the management of chronic
      anal fissures is well established. Its role in the management of the acute
      severely painful fissure is reported and the technic described.

PMID- 686277
TI  - Custom-fitted appliances for intestinal fistulas.
AB  - A method for containing troublesome intestinal stomas or fistulas in open wounds
      is described. Custom-fitted faceplates are made using alginate materials and
      vulcanizing silicone rubber at room temperature. Three patients have been
      presented illustrating the rehabilitation and palliation that can be achieved by
      collaborative interaction between surgeons, enterostomal therapists, and
      prosthetic technicians.

PMID- 686278
TI  - Aluminum foil wrapping of vein graft for ease of handling during grafting
      procedures.

PMID- 686279
TI  - Prevention of compression of subcutaneous vascular grafts.

PMID- 686280
TI  - Safer tracheostomy tube reinsertion.

PMID- 686281
TI  - [Mechanism of action of prostaglandin F2alpha].

PMID- 686282
TI  - [Electropulse test, 1 of the functional diagnostic methods at the end of
      pregnancy].

PMID- 686283
TI  - [State of gas and energy metabolism in the normal course of labor under
      electroanalgesia].

PMID- 686284
TI  - [Physicochemical properties of placental proteins in physiological and
      interrupted pregnancy].

PMID- 686285
TI  - [Etiological and pathogenetic factors in aborted pregnancy].

PMID- 686286
TI  - [Balneotherapy as prophylaxis in aborted pregnancy].

PMID- 686287
TI  - [Effect of the untimely bursting of waters on the functional state of the fetus
      in labor].

PMID- 686288
TI  - [Tissue glycoproteins of the afterbirth in premature fetal membrane rupture].

PMID- 686289
TI  - [Use of antibiotics in premature bursting of waters and interrupted pregnancy].

PMID- 686290
TI  - [Factors determining pathological blood loss in the 3d period of labor].

PMID- 686291
TI  - [Complement-fixing and lymphocytotoxic antibodies in the blood of pregnant
      women].

PMID- 686292
TI  - [General activity of serum lactate dehydrogenase and its isoenzymes in pregnant
      women with rheumatic heart defects].

PMID- 686293
TI  - [Possibility of ultrasonic detection of the fetal head at the end of the 1st
      trimester of pregnancy].

PMID- 686294
TI  - [Relation of term fetal mass to maternal mass and height].

PMID- 686295
TI  - [Effect of a prednisolone ointment on experimental embryogenesis].

PMID- 686296
TI  - [Rare case of congenital neuroblastoma in a newborn infant].

PMID- 686297
TI  - [Management of labor in the case of a clinically narrow pelvis].

PMID- 686298
TI  - [Puerperal thrombophlebitis].

PMID- 686299
TI  - Immunotherapy.

PMID- 686300
TI  - Cell-mediated immunity of Yersinia enterocolitica serotype 3 in patients with
      thyroid diseases.
AB  - The cellular immunity to Yersinia enterocolitica serotype 3 and crude human
      thyroid extract in 64 patients with thyroid diseases and 25 controls was studied
      by the leucocyte migration test. In the patient group as a whole and in patients
      with Graves' disease and nontoxic diffuse goitre a significantly reduced
      leucocyte migration towards Yersinia was found when compared with the controls.
      In controls the migration index was not related to the presence or titre of
      circulating yersinia antibodies, whereas the migration index of patients with
      yersinia antibodies was lower than the migration index of patients without
      yersinia antibodies as well as that of the controls. The leucocyte migration
      inhibition in two patients with recent yersinosis was normal during the recovery
      phase. In the presence of thyroid extract leucocyte migration inhibition differed
      only significantly in Graves' disease. However, a significantly positive
      correlation between inhibition of migration by thyroid extract and by Yersinia
      was found, while no correlation could be demonstrated in the controls. The cell
      mediated immunity towards Yersinia in thyroid diseases thus demonstrated adds
      further evidence to the association between Yersinia and thyroid disease.

PMID- 686301
TI  - [Pharyngoesophageal manometry in surgery of laryngeal cancer].

PMID- 686302
TI  - [Pyogenic granuloma of the larynx. Problems of its treatment].

PMID- 686303
TI  - [Adenoideal microbiopsy. Adenoiditis in the newborn. Anatomopathological
      classification].

PMID- 686304
TI  - [Rhinosporidiosis].

PMID- 686305
TI  - [Angioleiomyoma of the larynx].

PMID- 686306
TI  - [Osteomas of the mastoid].

PMID- 686307
TI  - Comparison of anesthetic techniques in Great Britain and North America.

PMID- 686308
TI  - Attempts to attenuate the cardiostimulatory effects of ketamine.
AB  - In an attempt to attenuate the cardiostimulatory effects of ketamine, a number of
      drugs were given individually, or in combination, to fit adults undergoing body
      surface operations, either before or aftera ketamine induction of 1 mg kg-1
      followed by an infusion of 1 mg ml-1. Of these, practolol, phentolamine,
      practolol-phentolamine, phentolamine-practolol, promethazine, hexamethonium,
      procainamide and verapamil were unacceptable. Labetalol, in doses of 0.5 mg kg-1
      and 1.0 mg kg-1, proved to be the most promising drug and is worthy of further
      study.

PMID- 686309
TI  - Attempted reduction of the cardiostimulatory effects of ketamine by labetalol.
AB  - Labetalol, a new antihypertensive agent with alpha and beta-adrenoceptor blocking
      properties was given to five series of patients anaesthetised with a ketamine
      infusion. in an attempt to reduce the cardiostimulatory effects of ketamine. It
      proved very effective in controlling the chronotrophic action of ketamine but was
      unreliable in controlling the rise in blood pressure. In doses of 1.0 mg kg-1
      given with tubocurarine, it was not without side effects.

PMID- 686310
TI  - Pulmonary shunts in the prone position.
AB  - Pulmonary shunting (Qs/Qt with the FIO2 = 1) was determined in ten young healthy
      non-obese patients prior to anaesthesia, 30 min after induction in the supine
      position and 1 h later during surgery in the prone position. Respiration was
      spontaneous in awake patients and was controlled following the induction of
      anaesthesia. Halothane was the primary anaesthetic and tubocurarine provided
      muscle relaxation. Mean PaCO2 was 40.7, 29.5 and 27.9 mmHg respectively in the
      three study periods. The shunt remained unchanged at 5.7 +/- 0.8% in the awake
      patients, and 6.0 +/- 1.1% during anaesthesia in the supine position, and 5.2 +/-
      1.2% during anesthesia and surgery in the prone position. It is concluded that in
      this population the prone position does not alter the magnitude of the pulmonary
      shunt even in those patients who develop shunts of over 10% after the induction
      of anaesthesia.

PMID- 686311
TI  - Intraocular pressure after suxamethonium and endotracheal intubation. The effect
      of pre-treatment with tubocurarine or gallamine.
AB  - Intraocular pressures were recorded in two series of fifteen patients after the
      administration of suxamethonium and endotracheal intubation. One series received
      tubocurarine 0.05 mg/kg and the other gallamine 0.3 mg/kg 4 min before the
      suxamethonium. The pressures were compared with those in a control group of
      fifteen patients who received normal saline before the suxamethonium. An increase
      in intraocular pressure occurred in 80% of patients and was similar in all three
      groups.

PMID- 686312
TI  - Heart disease in pregnancy. The anaesthetic management of a patient with
      prosthetic heart valves.
AB  - The management of pregnant woman with a double heart valve replacement is
      described. The aspects of particular relevance to the anaesthetist are discussed.

PMID- 686313
TI  - Temperature alarm for heated humidifiers.
AB  - In order to ensure a water content of between 30 and 40 mg/l in the inspiratory
      gases using a heated humidifier, the temperature in the delivery tube, near to
      the patient, must be between 30 and 37 degrees C. A low cost thermistor
      temperature alarm is described which indicates by means of different coloured
      lights if the temperature falls below 30 degrees C, lies between 30 and 37
      degrees C, or if the temperature exceeds 37 degrees C. An alarm also sounds if
      temperatures above 37 degrees C occur. This device has been in use since 1974 and
      has proved reliable and time saving.

PMID- 686314
TI  - Psychotropic drugs in the treatment of chronic pain.
AB  - The psychotropic drugs in the treatment of chronic pain have value in several
      areas. They not only influence the mood of the patient but also provide hypnosis,
      augment the activity of the analgesics and exhibit analgesic potency in their own
      right. They may be used alone, or in combination with analgesic agents or with
      each other. The three most valuable groups are the antidepressants,
      tranquillizers and anticonvulsants, all of which exert their effect by
      influencing the intracerebral levels of various neurotransmitter amines.

PMID- 686315
TI  - Propranolol in thyrotoxicosis. Cardiovascular changes during thyroidectomy in
      patients pre-treated with propranolol.
AB  - The cardiovascular changes during anaesthesia and thyroidectomy have been studied
      in seven thyrotoxic patients prepared with propranolol. The heart rate and
      cardiac rhythm remained very stable throughout surgery. A 20% increase in mean
      arterial pressure occurred during surgical stimulation. A decrease in cardiac
      output, due to decreased stroke volume, occurred during surgical stimulation. A
      decrease in cardiac output, due to decreased stroke volume, occurred during
      surgery, reaching a maximum of 21% during ligation of the thyroid vessels and
      returning to pre-operative values by the end of surgery. The fall in cardiac
      output was accompanied by raised central venous pressure and raised total
      peripheral resistance.

PMID- 686316
TI  - Recovery from neuromuscular blockade. a comparison between old and young
      patients.
AB  - Thirteen young and thirteen elderly patients undergoing elective surgery were
      given an anaesthetic using tubocurarine as the sole muscle relaxant. Following
      reversal with neostigmine, the time taken to recover from neuromuscular blockade
      was measured. No significant difference was found between the two groups of
      patients.

PMID- 686317
TI  - Cardiac effects of intravenous atropine. Electrocardiographic studies during
      ketamine anaesthesia.

PMID- 686318
TI  - Entonox analgesia in labour. A pilot study to reduce the delay between demand and
      supply.
AB  - In a pilot study in six mothers using 50% nitrous oxide and 50% oxygen (Entonox)
      as an intermittent self-administered analgesic during labour, a significant
      reduction in the mean times to attain specified end-tidal nitrous oxide
      concentrations was obtained by a continuous nasal supplement of Entonox. The
      method proved acceptable in this small number of patients and there were no
      demonstrable effects upon fetal heart rate.

PMID- 686319
TI  - Physostigmine in open-heart surgery. Reversal of hyoscine supplementation of
      morphine-oxygen-air-relaxant anaesthesia.
AB  - The use of physostigmine salicylate to reverse hyoscine supplementation of
      morphine-oxygen-air relaxant anaesthesia has been studied in twenty open-heart
      surgery patients and found to be both reliable and innocuous.

PMID- 686320
TI  - A rare cause of prolonged unconsciousness following anaesthesia.

PMID- 686321
TI  - Tobramycin and neuromuscular blockade.

PMID- 686322
TI  - Enflurane and the incidence of awareness in Caesarean section.

PMID- 686323
TI  - Althesin reactions.

PMID- 686324
TI  - Anaesthesia for fractured shaft of the femur.

PMID- 686325
TI  - Vacuum stethoscope for respiratory monitoring.

PMID- 686326
TI  - Anaesthesia for a huge goitre.

PMID- 686327
TI  - Eye protection during anesthesia.

PMID- 686328
TI  - Cardiovascular effects of tubocurarine in man.
AB  - The cardiovascular effects of tubocurarine in patients anaesthetised with
      thiopentone or ketamine have been compared, using volume-pulse finger
      plethysmography, electrocardiography, sphygmomanometry and impedance cardiography
      for the clinical assessments. Tubocurarine potentiates the arterial hypotensive
      effect of thiopentone and reverses the hypertensive action of ketamine. It also
      prevents the dysrhythmic (adrenergic) reaction of the heart to orotracheal
      intubation and has less effect on the positive chronotropic and inotropic
      reactions thereto. Hypotensive doses of tubocurarine in patients anaesthetised
      with thiopentone do not prevent reflex constriction of the finger blood vessels
      in response to surgical stimuli (orotracheal intubation) which means that the
      drug is not a sympathetic ganglion blocker in man. It is concluded that
      tubocurarine is a myocardial depressant which acts, like verapamil, as a calcium
      ion antagonist.

PMID- 686329
TI  - Carbon dioxide output in anaesthetised children.
AB  - Carbon dioxide output was measured in 278 children aged between 1 day and 16
      years, who were anaesthetised with thiopentone and nitrous oxide and ventilated
      mechanically following the injection of a non-depolarising neuro-muscular
      blocking agent. It is suggested that the results obtained form a clinically
      useful guide to the carbon dioxide output of anaesthetised children.

PMID- 686330
TI  - Hypophosphataemia and its consequences in patients following open heart surgery.
AB  - Plasma phosphate concentration (Pi), red cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG)
      and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentrations were measured pre-operatively and
      at intervals after operation for 30 h in twelve patients (nine males and three
      females, 44--61 years of age), who underwent open heart surgery. All patients
      received intravenous injections of glucose, insulin and potassium at regular
      intervals. In all patients studied Pi decreased within hours following operation,
      remained low for about 6 h and pre-operative values were reached by 18 h. Pi
      decreased from 1.04 +/- 0.6 mmol/litre (mean +/- s.e. mean) to 0.32 +/- 0.06
      mmol/litre. This fall in Pi was accompanied by a small but significant fall in
      2,3-DPG (from 14.8 +/- 0.60 mumol/g Hb to 11.2 +/- 0.60 mumol/g Hb). ATP
      concentration did not change significantly. The calculated P50 (partial pressure
      of oxygen at which there was 50% saturation of haemoglobin) decreased by 1.2
      mmHg. The regular fall in Pi which is probably due to the glucose-insulin
      potassium injections was of short duration and had very little effect on red cell
      2,3-DPG and ATP.

PMID- 686331
TI  - Malignant hyperpyrexia. A case report of successful treatment and subsequent
      uneventful general anaesthesia.
AB  - A case of successfully treated fulminant malignant hyperpyrexia induced by
      halothane is reported. The patient underwent uneventful general anaesthesia with
      Althesin, nitrous oxide, fentanyl and pancuronium 1 week later. The treatment of
      the established MH-syndrome and its prevention in MH-susceptible patients are
      discussed.

PMID- 686332
TI  - The problem of aerophagy. Postoperative gastric dilatation as a remote
      complication of total laryngectomy.
AB  - A case of acute gastric dilatation due to massive aerophagy in a patient who had
      previously had a laryngectomy is reported. Excitement during regional analgesia
      was responsible. The pathophysiology of this mechanism is discussed and
      suggestions are made about its prevention.

PMID- 686333
TI  - Unilateral pulmonary oedema after bilateral pneumothorax.
AB  - A case history of unilateral pulmonary oedema which occurred in a patient who had
      recently re-expanded bilateral pneumothoraces is presented.

PMID- 686334
TI  - Suxamethonium apnoea masked by tetrahydroaminacrine.
AB  - A case is reported of a patient who was given THA with suxamethonium and who
      demonstrated a prolonged apnoea. This patient was later shown to have a variant
      cholinesterase enzyme. The different techniques of THA and suxamethonium
      administration are discussed and it is suggested that an initial dose of
      suxamethonium should precede a THA-suxamethonium combination in order to try and
      avoid a prolonged apnoea.

PMID- 686335
TI  - A workable literature index.
AB  - A literature index is presented based on edge notched cards. A key word
      vocabulary is included with suitable binary coding. A simple system for coding
      and searching is explained.

PMID- 686337
TI  - Safety and piped medical gas supplies.

PMID- 686336
TI  - A college of anaesthetists?

PMID- 686338
TI  - Specific drug interactions in anaesthesia.

PMID- 686339
TI  - Sensitivity testing for althesin.

PMID- 686340
TI  - Cost of anaesthetic drugs and disposable apparatus.

PMID- 686341
TI  - Spinal prilocaine.

PMID- 686342
TI  - The concentration of bupivacaine for obstetric analgesia.

PMID- 686343
TI  - Hexafluorenium in renal failure.

PMID- 686345
TI  - Limb exsanguination for Bier's block.

PMID- 686344
TI  - Apomorphine.

PMID- 686346
TI  - [Changes in intraocular pressure with various concentrations of enflurane during
      constant conditions of ventilation (author's transl)].
AB  - A variety of factors influence intraocular pressure. An increase for example, can
      be found under conditions of hypoventilation, prohibited ventilation and too
      light anaesthesia. Some pressure decreasing factors are barbiturates, various
      inhalation anaesthetics, neuroleptics, and also hyperventilation. In 10
      gynaecological patients with normal ophthalmological status, IOP was measured
      under enflurane anaesthesia by means of a Draeger hand-held applanation
      tonometer. The neuroleptanaesthesia served as a basis. After anaesthetic
      conditions were stabilized, concentrations of enflurane ranging from 0.5 to 2.0
      vol.% were administered. Under constant ventilation (PECO2) the following
      parameters were measured: pH, PCO2cap,PO2cap,base excess, minute ventilation,
      respiratory rate, blood pressure and pulse rate. The concentration of enflurane
      was measured by gas-chromatography. The IOP was decreased by using enflurane in
      various concentrations. This decrease is caused by enflurane/itself and is
      independent of blood pressure changes.

PMID- 686347
TI  - [Peripheral arteriographies under intraarterial analgesia (author's transl)].
AB  - 45% contrast medium, to which lignocaine had been added in a concentration of
      0.1%, was injected for 44 translumbar aortograms, 26 femoral arteriograms and 4
      brachial arteriograms under premedication with pethidine-promethazine. Few
      patients described their sensations spontaneously; most patients graded their
      pain as minimal and described only the sensation of heat. When the contrast
      medium was injected, first without and then with lignocaine, the pain was
      markedly reduced by lignocaine. No patient showed signs of CNS-toxicity. After
      the injection of the mixture of contrast medium and lignocaine, the heart rate
      rose slightly, the arterial blood pressure fell slightly, both not more than
      after injection of the contrast medium only. The ECG showed no anomalies. The
      addition of lignocaine to a contrast medium in low concentration represents a
      simple and, for the patient, acceptable method of analgesia as well as a safe
      alternative to general, spinal or epidural anesthesia.

PMID- 686348
TI  - [Streptokinase in pulmonary embolisation with cardiac arrest (author's transl)].
AB  - A 51 year old hypertensive female was successfully resuscitated from two episodes
      of cardiac arrest due to massive pulmonary embolisation, by injection of 750,000
      units of streptokinase into a central venous catheter on the first postoperative
      day. Two severe complications showed the limits of this agressive form of
      intensive therapy.

PMID- 686349
TI  - [Changes in the internal cuff pressure in intubated patients (author's transl)].
AB  - In 50 intubated patients the changes of pressure in the interior of the cuff were
      recorded during various methods of narcosis for 30 min. The results were
      evaluated statistically and interpreted with respect to the difference in the gas
      mixture and time. A linear increase of inner pressure in the cuff was
      established. Further modified experimental series are proposed.

PMID- 686350
TI  - [Notes on the paper by J. Owusu-afram and R. Schiffter: Bulbar brain syndrome
      during epidrual anesthesia with bupivaccaine].

PMID- 686351
TI  - [Critical remarks on the paper by Barbara Hovener: Measurements of cuff pressure
      with various endotracheal tubes with low pressure cuffs during mechanical
      respiration].

PMID- 686352
TI  - [The use of spinal anaesthesia for cesarean section (author's transl)].
AB  - In analysing our own material of 139 cases of cesarean section a clinical report
      is given concerning the method of anaesthesia, the maternal haemodynamics during
      anaesthesia and the Apgar score of the newborn. Primarily hyperbaric spinal
      anaesthesia was always chosen, only 28.3% of the cases were performed under
      general anaesthesia because of missing maternal consent or general objection of
      the obstetrician. The rationale for choosing spinal anaesthesia was the safe
      prevention of acid aspiration of the mother and in the minimal fetal depression.
      The only disadvantage of spinal anaesthesia, namely a marked blood pressure fall
      leading to placental hypoperfusion, can be safely prevented by counteracting the
      sympathetic blockade by volume therapy in time. The two groups of newborns should
      no show significant differences in Apgar scores. 10 lively babies in a group of
      12 cases of severe haemolytic disease of the newborn (Rh) however, all delivered
      under spinal anaesthesia, confirm our ideas about spinal anaesthesia being less
      depressant to the fetus than general anaesthesia. Regional anaesthesia therefore
      is stated as the method of choice especially for the fetus at risk. Differences
      in favour of spinal anaesthesia in our series were not statistically relevant in
      the normal case; studies of neurobehavioral function, however, are not included.

PMID- 686353
TI  - [Metabolism and distribution of bupivacaine-experiments in rats I. Methods and
      metabolism (author's transl)].
AB  - A method is described enabling blood concentrations and urinary and biliary
      excretion of bupivacaine to be estimated in unanaesthetized rats. After enteral
      application of bupivacaine, the urine volumes of 40 rats are collected, cleared
      off and analysed by gas chromatography. 5 fractions are obtained, of which the
      structures are identified by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance.
      The following five metabolites could be identified: (1) Desbutyl-bupivacaine, (2)
      3'-Hydroxy-bupivacaine, (3) N-Butylpipecolyl-2-amide, (4, 5) mono-hydroxylated
      isomeres on the piperidine ring.

PMID- 686354
TI  - [Comparative studies of the local anaesthetic action of carticaine 1% and
      mepivacaine 1% (author's transl)].
AB  - The actions of carticaine 1% and mepivacaine 1% in peripheral nerve block were
      investigated in double-blind study. Bilateral ulnar nerve blocks were performed
      in 14 healthy subjects (age range 20-30 years), and latency, duration, and
      intensity of anaesthesia were quantitatively determined. There were no
      differences in latency of nerve block, but a significant difference in the
      duration of effect: Mepivacaine acted for nearly twice as long as Carticaine. In
      addition, several incomplete blocks were noted with Carticaine. On the basis of
      these results mepivacaine is preferred in peripheral nerve block because of its
      longer and more reliable action.

PMID- 686355
TI  - Preparation and characteristics of a wheat embryo cell-free extract active in the
      synthesis of high molecular weight viral polypeptides.

PMID- 686356
TI  - Preparation of highly 3H-labeled S-100 protein under nondenaturing conditions.

PMID- 686357
TI  - Separation of bile acids as their phenacyl esters by high-pressure liquid
      chromatography.

PMID- 686358
TI  - Rapid extraction of secretin from plasma by XAD-2 resin and its application in
      the radioimmunoassay of secretin.

PMID- 686359
TI  - SDS microslab linear gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

PMID- 686360
TI  - High capacity gel preparative electrophoresis for purification of fragments of
      genomic DNA.

PMID- 686361
TI  - Use of insoluble heparin for isolation of DNA polymerase enzymes from murine
      myeloma.

PMID- 686362
TI  - Fluorometric assay for intestinal peptidases.

PMID- 686363
TI  - A method for density gradient isoelectric focusing in small scale.

PMID- 686364
TI  - A simple "width" method for easy determination of diffusion coefficients with
      maximum utilization of data.

PMID- 686365
TI  - Procedure for measurement of amino acid transport from blood to brain in small
      animals.

PMID- 686366
TI  - A rapid radiometric assay for dihydrofolate reductase.

PMID- 686367
TI  - Use of radio-gas chromatography in the study of plant metabolism.

PMID- 686368
TI  - Identification and determination of thyroxine using gas-liquid chromatography.

PMID- 686369
TI  - Optimization of phenol extraction procedures for preparation of RNA from
      mammalian lymphoid organs.

PMID- 686370
TI  - Effect of NaI on protein determination by the Lowry method and by absorption
      spectroscopy.

PMID- 686371
TI  - Purification of protease-extracted glycosaminoglycans by short-distance paper
      chromatography with a zinc acetate solvent.

PMID- 686372
TI  - Method for the determination of the total fluorine content of whole blood,
      serum/plasma, and other biological samples.

PMID- 686373
TI  - A test of the resolving power of cascade electrofocusing and cascade stacking:
      separation of BSA from ovalbumin.

PMID- 686374
TI  - An electron-capture gas chromatographic method for the determination of
      piperidine content in brain tissue.

PMID- 686375
TI  - An improved method for the identification and quantitation of secondary bile
      acids in biological samples.

PMID- 686376
TI  - Phospholipase A2 electrophoretic variants and their detection after
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

PMID- 686377
TI  - Method and apparatus for producing and collecting a multiplicity of density
      gradients.

PMID- 686378
TI  - A method for the quantitative analysis of hydroxylysine and its glycosidic
      derivatives using high-voltage paper electrophoresis and fluorescamine.

PMID- 686379
TI  - A simple method for detecting steroid aggregation and estimating solubility in
      aqueous solutions.

PMID- 686380
TI  - Rapid separation of 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribose-1-diphosphate from its metabolic
      derivatives.

PMID- 686381
TI  - Inexpensive apparatus for preparation of multiple discontinuous gradient.

PMID- 686382
TI  - Colorimetric screening assay for cystine plus cysteine in legume seed meals.

PMID- 686383
TI  - Determination of methaqualone by D.C. and differential-pulse polarography.

PMID- 686384
TI  - Atomic-absorption microdetermination of zinc in cerebrospinal fluid by ion
      exchange chromatography and electrothermal atomisation.

PMID- 686385
TI  - Application of a commercial radioassay test kit to the determination of vitamin B
      12 in food.

PMID- 686386
TI  - Simultaneous determination of copper, lead and zinc in wine by differential pulse
      polarography.

PMID- 686387
TI  - Titrimetric method for the determination of oxamyl residues in crops and soils.

PMID- 686388
TI  - [The anatomical and histological investigation of the pancreas in the 19th
      century and till the discovery of insulin (1921). 2. The pancreas research from
      the discovery of islets (1869) till the discovery of pancreas-diabetes (1889)
      (author's transl)].
AB  - In this study is the period of the morphological exploration of the pancreas from
      the discovery of islets of LANGERHANS (1869) to the discovery of pancreas
      diabetes through von MERING and MINKOWSKI (1889) investigated. In his thesis has
      PAUL LANGERHANS the islets of pancreas and the centro-acinar cells described. In
      the period from 1869 to 1889 has the majority of investigators the opinion that
      the islets are parts of the lymphatic system. In the other hand investigators
      have the opinion that islets are parts of pancreatic ducts or residues of the
      embryonic period. RENAUT (1879) makes it possible that islets are derivatives of
      epithelial tissues. KUHNE (1875) gives the description of vessels in the islets
      of Langerhans. KUHNE and LEA (1882) have found that islets are independent of
      acini. This hypothesis has RUDOLPH HEIDENHAIN (1875) supposed.

PMID- 686389
TI  - [Endometrial granular cells in fetal membranes (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors' aim was to obtain a survey of endometrial granular cells in fetal
      membranes. In all 30 cases the existance of granular cells was confirmed. The
      functional significance of these cells for the delivery and for separating of the
      fetal membranes from the uterus wall was discussed.

PMID- 686390
TI  - A note on the effect of different methods of emasculation on gain in body weight
      in Indian buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) calves.
AB  - The effect of Burdizzo, Russian and vasectomy methods of castration on the gain
      in body weight was studied over a period of 2 1/2 months in the buffalo calves of
      two age groups (1--1 1/2 years and 2 1/2--3 years). The gain in body weight (1--1
      1/2 years age group) has been significantly greater (P less than 0.05) in the
      control animals (30.3 +/- 3.38 kg) as well as those emasculated by the vasectomy
      (31.3 +/- 1.4 kg) method in comparison to the other two methods.

PMID- 686391
TI  - Structural changes in the thyroid gland of buffalo following administration of
      thiouracil.
AB  - The effects of a goitrogen (thiouracil) on the structural variations of the
      thyroid gland were studied in male buffalo calves. Following the treatment, the
      thyroid became enlarged and both the weight and the size of the gland were
      significantly increased (P less than 0.01). Hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the
      gland were correlated with a significant increase of thyroidal uptake of 131I.
      The height and number of the follicular cells were significantly increased (P
      less than 0.01). The follicles were small and had vacuolations in the colloid.
      The colloid content of the follicles became reduced. The vascularity of the gland
      was appreciably increased.

PMID- 686392
TI  - [Ultrastructural and histochemical aspects of the rodlet cells from the bulbus
      arteriosus of Cyprinus carpio L. (Pisces: Cyprinidae) (author's transl)].
AB  - Morphological details of the "Stabchendrusenzellen" (PLEHN), rodlet cells syn.
      pear-shaped cells of the endothel from the Bulbus arterious of carps were studied
      in the electron microscope. From morphological characteristics, especially from
      the development of desmosomes with adjacent endothelial cells, it becomes
      evident, that the cells in question, which are very common in Teleostei, are not
      of parasitic nature. Specific protrusions of the apical cell poles towards the
      arterial lumen are indicative of a holocrine type of secretion.

PMID- 686393
TI  - Electron-microscopic studies on Kupffer's stellate cells and sinusoidal
      endothelial cells in the liver of normal and experimental rabbits.

PMID- 686394
TI  - An experimental study on the role of the reciprocal tendinous apparatus of the
      horse at walk.
AB  - The locomotor pattern of the hind limb of seven horses has been studied in intact
      animals and after transection of the following structures: the peroneus tertius
      tendon, the cranial tibial muscle, both cranial tibial muscle and peroneus
      tertius tendon, and the superficial digital flexor tendon. The investigation was
      carried out by high speed cinematography and electromyography. It is concluded
      that (1) the muscles and tendons over the cranial aspect of the tibia play an
      important role during the support phase; (2) the movements of the hind limb may
      be performed without the action of the cranial tibial and gastrocnemius muslces;
      (3) the tendons in the shank store elastic energy during the support phase; (4)
      the gastrocnemius and cranial tibial muscles may centre the force of the load
      through the long axis of the tibia.

PMID- 686395
TI  - The time of origin of neurons in Ammon's horn and the associated retrohippocampal
      fields.

PMID- 686396
TI  - Remodeling of the avian fracture callus by estrone treatment and exposure to a 2
      g environment.
AB  - Rhode Island Red female chicks were subjected to complete closed fracture of the
      right radius at two weeks post hatching. The animals were allowed to heal for 2
      weeks at either earth gravity (1 g) or a 2 g environment with saline injected
      controls and estrone injected experimentals. Total fractured bone weight was
      decreased by exposure to the 2 g environment regardless of whether the animal
      received saline or estrone treatment. The mean weight of fracture callus was
      significantly decreased when the hypergravity exposed animals received low
      hormonal levels of 0.2 mg estrone. The average mid-cross sectional diameter of
      fracture callus was significantly decreased when the centrifuged chicks received
      saline or 0.2 mg estrone and it was increased with the administration of high
      hormonal levels of 0.4 mg to the 2 g animal. The mean thickness of the
      subperiosteal trabeculae of the bridging callus was decreased by exposure to
      hypergravity either with or without estrone treatment.

PMID- 686398
TI  - The pigment architecture of the human temporal lobe.

PMID- 686397
TI  - Ultrastructural study of the adenohypophysis of the male Chinese quail.
AB  - The ultrastructural analysis of the adenohypophysis in the male Chinese quail
      reveals seven different types of granular cells, and agranular folliculo-stellate
      cells. The cell types are assumed to be endocrine cells and are classified as:
      Type I cells (presumptive LH-gonadotrophs), with dilated endoplasmic reticulum,
      perinuclear spaces, and granules of 150--260 nm; Type II cells (presumptive FSH
      gonadotrophs), with regularly-shaped cytoplasmic cisterns and small granules (80-
      150 nm); Type III cells (presumptive thyrotrophs), very close in appearance to
      the type II cells of normal birds; Type IV cells (presumptive prolactin cells),
      with very large secretory granules (up to 400 nm), Type V cells (presumptive
      corticotrophs), with abundant and electron-dense granules (160--300 nm); Type VI
      cells, with irregularly-shaped granules;  Type VII cells (presumptive
      somatotrophs), with abundant granules (130--220 nm) and less cytoplasmic
      structures. Cytological characteristics of the nucleus, and more particularly the
      presence of a Feulgen-postive nucleolus with a very particular ultrastructure are
      here reported. It is proposed that heterospecific associations of Chinese quail
      cells with chick cells can be used in embryological work for the study of
      cellular interactions.

PMID- 686399
TI  - Evaluation of proteohormon concentrations in serum and seminal fluid and its
      relationship with sperm count.
AB  - The measurement of FSH, LH, and PRL in serum and seminal fluid of 105 men
      attending a male infertility clinic and 21 men of proven fertility (controls) did
      not reveal an interrelationship between the spermatozoal count and the level of
      the proteo-hormones in both biological fluid except for FSH, which was
      significantly higher in the serum of men with low as compared to normal sperm
      count (p less than 0.01). FSH in seminal fluid was significantly lower (p less
      than 0.01), and LH-like activity significantly higher (p less than 0.01) than in
      serum, while there was no difference between the respective levels of PRL. These
      results could be confirmed in 4 patients with azoospermia due to occlusive
      disease, and in 1 out of 2 vasectomized men. It was demonstrated for the first
      time that the higher concentration of "LH" in seminal fluid as compared to serum
      was due to the presence of HCG-beta or a HCG-like material cross-reacting with
      the antiserum against LH.

PMID- 686400
TI  - Carnitine in seminal fluid as parameter for the epididymal function.
AB  - Carnitine represents the secretion which is added to human seminal fluid by the
      epididymis. More than 94% of the free carnitine originates from the epididymis.
      The frequency distribution of carnitine concentration is investigated with
      patients showing a normal spermiogram and with those suffering from azoospermia.
      Correlations with conventional spermiogram parameters are discussed. The clinical
      significance of the carnitine determination is shown in various andrological
      clinical pictures, with special consideration given to postvasectomy semen and
      Klinefelter's Syndrome. Two case reports of high blockages in the male
      reproductive tract demonstrates the diagnosis of such a blockage with the
      simultaneous determination of fructose, citrate and carnitine. The evaluation of
      split ejaculates confirms that free carnitine does not originate from seminal
      vesicles, but rather flows into the seminal fluid via the ductus deferens.

PMID- 686402
TI  - The total Leydig cell volume of the testis in some common mammals.
AB  - Total Leydig cell volume has been quantitatively determined by a histometric
      point-counting method in six common mammals, including man. Although the size of
      the testis has increased from 1.3 +/- 0.1 ml in the rat to 19.8 +/- 6.9 ml in the
      buffalo, the composition has remained fairly constant with the Leydig cells
      making up 9--16% of the testicular volume. In absolute terms, the Total Leydig
      Volume has increased progressively with body size, from 0.11 +/- 0.02 ml/testis
      in rat to 2.44 +/- 0.64 ml/testis in buffalo, the value for man being 2.21 +/-
      0.40 ml/testis. The significance of these findings, from the point of view of the
      comparative physiology of male reproduction, has been discussed.

PMID- 686401
TI  - [L-fucose content in human semen].
AB  - Human semen contains beside the major carbohydrate fructose: galactose, glucose,
      sorbitol and inositol. By means of gas-liquid chromatography it is possible to
      identify also L-fucose. Our method requires the removal of hexosamines, amines
      and amino acids after hydrolysis. The gas-chromatographic separation of the
      carbohydrates is achieved in form of their trimethylsilyl derivatives. By this
      method the fucose content of several freeze dried human semen samples of
      different diagnosis could be determined.

PMID- 686403
TI  - The influence of human menopausal gonadotropin, natrium fluoride and cyproterone
      acetate on the spermatogenesis in immature rats.
AB  - Human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG), natrium fluoride (NaF) and cyproterone
      acetate (CYA) were applied to immature male rats between the 26th and 32nd day of
      life and histological examination was performed in testes of 33rd-day-old rats.
      HMG treatment alone slightly influenced the spermatid completion process, while
      NaF evidently increased frequency of occurrence of various seminiferous tubules
      containing spermatids. CYA alone damaged the spermatid completion process
      (especially the cap-phase of spermiogenesis), produced a degeneration of meiotic
      spermatocytes, and decreased the tubular diameter. Those changes were prevented
      by addition of HMG to the CYA treated animals. The results suggest a possible
      regulatory role of FSH at the end of the first meiosis, and, also, in the
      progression of spermiogenesis. The mechanism of action of NaF may be
      hypothetical, but it probably consists of direct action on the seminiferous
      epithelium level.

PMID- 686404
TI  - [Absolute teratozoospermia in a family. Irregular microcephalic spermatozoa
      without acrosome].
AB  - Two brothers have spermiograms with a similar pattern: absolute teratozoospermia
      with round-headed spermatozoa. The familial trait only has been previously one
      time in the literature. The spermatozoa show several abnormalities in the head.
      They lack acrosome and postacrosomal sheath. The nuclei are small and the
      chromatin is distributed in small groups. The nuclear envelope has abundant pores
      and is loosely attached to the chromatin. All the nuclei have brown inclusions,
      refringent when they are observed under the light microscope, vesicular and
      laminar under the electron microscope. Other abnormalities less frequently
      observed are: irregularities in the mitochondrial sheath, loss of parallelism of
      the dense fibres and duplication and angulation of the sperm tail. The hormonal
      assays and the biochemical tests are normal in both patients.

PMID- 686405
TI  - Objective evaluation of sperm motility and values of velocity.
AB  - Differences between the sperm velocity values of normozoospermic men and of those
      with proved fertility, above all in younger age groups, are quoted. There is a
      reference to the possibility of the diagnostic and prognostic importance of
      following the sperm velocity in various time intervals, at a minimum rate within
      1 and 5 hours after ejaculation.

PMID- 686406
TI  - Workshop "Immunology of Infertility". XVth International Congress for
      Dermatology, October 20, 1977, Mexico City, Mexico.

PMID- 686408
TI  - Immune infertility: reliable diagnosis and treatment efforts.

PMID- 686407
TI  - Immunological aspects of male infertility.

PMID- 686409
TI  - Autoimmunity to sperm.
AB  - 1. Sperm-specific antigens behave immunologically more like foreign than self
      antigens. 2. Consequences of autoimmune response to testicular and/or sperm
      antigens can result in allergic orchitis, postvasoligation orchitis, and
      infertility. In these conditions, multiple pathogenetic mechanisms, including
      immune complexes and T-cell-mediated immune reaction, have been shown to be
      important. 3. Normally, factors that circumvent sperm autoimmune disease are
      likely to be multiple. Besides the mechanism of sperm-antigen sequestration,
      other controlling mechanisms also should be considered.

PMID- 686410
TI  - Aspects regarding the treatment of autoagglutination of human spermatozoa.

PMID- 686411
TI  - Humoral and cellular immune response to sperm and platental antigens as causal
      factors of female sterility and infertility.

PMID- 686412
TI  - Immunologic aspects of vasovasostomy.

PMID- 686413
TI  - Immunological effects of vasectomy.

PMID- 686414
TI  - Cardiac cyanide toxicity induced by nitroprusside in the dog: potential for
      reversal.

PMID- 686415
TI  - Tracheal constriction by morphine and by fentanyl in man.
AB  - The effects of morphine and fentanyl on tracheal smooth muscle tone were studied
      in 38 patients during induction of anesthesia. Endotracheal tube cuff pressure
      was used to measure tracheal tone. Anesthesia was maintained with nitrous oxide,
      70 per cent in oxygen, and pancuronium and ventilation was controlled with a
      respirator. Morphine, 0.5 mg/kg, produced a biphasic response, initially causing
      tracheal dilatation and then tracheal constriction. Ten minutes after morphine
      injection, cuff pressure increased to significantly (21 +/- 8 per cent) above
      control. Morphine-induced tracheal constriction could be completely blocked by
      the prior administration of atropine, 0.5 mg. Fentanyl, 0.006 mg/kg, also
      produced significant tracheal constriction, cuff pressures increasing to 44 +/-
      11 per cent above control at 10 min. Fentanyl-induced tracheal constriction could
      be blocked by pretreatment with droperidol, 0.25 mg/kg. At equianalgesic doses,
      morphine and fentanyl produced similar tracheal constriction.

PMID- 686416
TI  - Pathophysiology of intravenous air embolism in dogs.

PMID- 686417
TI  - Effects of left atrial pressure on pulmonary shunt and the dead space/tidal
      volume ratio.

PMID- 686418
TI  - Increased intracranial pressure from nitrous oxide five days after
      pneumoencephalography.

PMID- 686419
TI  - Inadvertent anesthetic overdose obscured by scavenging.

PMID- 686420
TI  - Diagnosis of congenital tracheoesophageal fistula in the adolescent and adult.

PMID- 686421
TI  - Nitroprusside tachyphylaxis without acidosis.

PMID- 686423
TI  - Hypnosis as an anesthetic in pediatric ophthalmology.

PMID- 686422
TI  - Prolonged response to succinylcholine following physostigmine.

PMID- 686424
TI  - Submucosal passage of a nasogastric tube complicating attempted intubation during
      anesthesia.

PMID- 686425
TI  - Time vs. success rate for epidural blood patch.

PMID- 686426
TI  - Acute vasodilation following induction of anesthesia with intravenous diazepam
      and nitrous oxide.

PMID- 686427
TI  - Blood--CSF barrier to d-tubocurarine.

PMID- 686429
TI  - Echocardiography--application in assessing cardiac performance in clinical care.

PMID- 686428
TI  - A simple technique to prevent overdistention of flow-directed catheters.

PMID- 686430
TI  - Ventricular function in children during halothane anesthesia: an
      echocardiographic evaluation.

PMID- 686431
TI  - Echocardiographic assessment of ventricular performance following induction with
      two anesthetics.
AB  - Echocardiographic studies were made of 20 healthy patients scheduled for minor
      surgical procedures to determine whether this technique could be used routinely
      in the operating room and to evaluate the effects of halothane and enflurane on
      left ventricular performance. Thirteen minutes following induction of anesthesia
      with halothane in ten patients (mean end-tidal halothane concentration 0.93 per
      cent), mean arterial blood pressure, left ventricular (LV) diastolic dimension,
      LV fractional shortening, mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening and
      systolic thickening of the posterior LV wall were significantly decreased. LV
      systolic dimension was increased significantly. These data indicate that
      halothane caused decreased contractility in the presence of a decreased
      afterload. Twelve minutes following induction of anesthesia with enflurane in ten
      patients (mean delivered enflurane concentration 2.4 per cent), mean arterial
      blood pressure and LV systolic and diastolic dimensions were decreased, while
      heart rate was increased significantly, indicating that enflurane caused
      vasodilatation and may have had some depressant effect on contractility.
      Echocardiography is a non-invasive, safe and relatively rapid method that can be
      used in the perioperative period to assess cardiac function and to evaluate the
      effects of pharmacologic agents on the heart.

PMID- 686432
TI  - Pulmonary mechanics in man after administration of atropine and neostigmine.

PMID- 686433
TI  - Plasma antidiuretic hormone levels in cardiac surgical patients during morphine
      and halothane anesthesia.

PMID- 686434
TI  - Physiologic saline solution, Normosol R pH 7.4, and Plasmanate as reconstituents
      of packed human erythrocytes.
AB  - The authors compared the effects of three reconstituent solutions (Normosol R pH
      7.4, physiologic saline solution, and Plasmanate) on hemolysis and cellular
      morphology of young (8-10 days' storage) and old (22-26 days' storage) packed
      human erythrocytes (PE). These variables were tested at 22 and 37 C and at two
      dilutions )1 part PE:1 part reconstituent and 2 parts PE:1 part reconstituent).
      Plasmanate produced unacceptably high levels of hemolysis, particularly of older
      PE, and should not be used as a reconstituent. Normosol R pH 7.4 and physiologic
      saline solution were compatible with both young and old PE, producing similar
      changes in hemolysis and erythrocytic morphology, Therefore, Normosol R pH 7.4
      may be used as a diluent for PE when rapid and massive infusions are needed.

PMID- 686435
TI  - Hypothermia plus barbiturates: apples plus oranges?

PMID- 686436
TI  - Cerebral hypometabolism obtained with deep pentobarbital anesthesia and
      hypothermia (30 C).
AB  - Cerebral metabolic and vascular effects of hypothermia (30 C) and deep
      pentobarbital anesthesia, separately and combined, were evaluated in 15 mongrel
      dogs. External cardiovascular support was not used, and mean arterial blood
      pressures remained greater than 60 torr. Normothermic deep pentobarbital
      anesthesia, characterized by an electroencephalographic (EEG) frequency of less
      than 1 Hz, was associated with 30% decreases in cerebral metabolic rates for
      oxygen (CMRO2) and glucose (CMRG) from lightly anesthetized control values.
      Hypothermia (30 C) alone caused similar decreases in CMRO2 and CMRG in the
      presence of an active EEG. The use of pentobarbital anesthesia and hypothermia
      combined achieved significantly greater (P less than 0.05) decreases in CMRO2
      (70%) and CMRG (72%) from the control state. Cerebral vascular resistance (CVR)
      increased by 70% (P less than 0.05) during hypothermia and about 20% when
      pentobarbital was administered to normothermic dogs. In hypothermic animals the
      addition of pentobarbital had a minimal effect on CVR. No alteration in the
      oxygen-glucose or lactate-glucose index indicative of cerebral hypoxia occurred
      in any experimental group. This study indicates that barbiturates combined with
      hypothermia decrease cerebral metabolism to a greater extent than hypothermia or
      barbiturate alone. When cerebral hypometabolism is therapeutically necessary,
      barbiturates may be indicated as an adjunct to moderate hypothermia.

PMID- 686437
TI  - Protective effects of combinations of hypothermia and barbiturates in cerebral
      hypoxia in the rat.

PMID- 686438
TI  - Glucose transport across the rat blood-brain barrier during anesthesia.
AB  - The authors studied blood-brain barrier (BBB) glucose transport kinetics in awake
      rats and in pentobarbital- and halothane-anesthetized rats, using a 3H2O/14C-D
      glucose double-indicator method corrected for cerebral blood flow at glucose
      concentrations from 1 to 80 mM. At normal glucose concentrations (5 mM), total
      brain glucose influx was unaltered by pentobarbital. In contrast, halothane
      attenuated glucose transport capacity from 1.9 to 0.4 mumol/g-min-1 and increased
      diffusional transport, Km (Michaelis constant) was decreased sixfold, from 12 to
      2 mM. Halothane appears to inhibit BBB glucose transport by competing for the
      glucose carrier and by altering the affinity of the carrier for glucose, perhaps
      by altering the environment of the carrier or the carrier itself. The finding of
      halothane-induced increased diffusional transport of glucose across the BBB
      corroborates earlier reports and more recent evidence that halothane increases
      the permeability of the BBB to diffusional processes.

PMID- 686439
TI  - Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and the ratio of hypoxic lung to perfused
      normoxic lung.

PMID- 686440
TI  - Hepatic circulation during sodium nitroprusside infusion in the dog.

PMID- 686441
TI  - Effects of neostigmine and pyridostigmine on duration of succinylcholine action
      and pseudocholinesterase activity.

PMID- 686442
TI  - Plasma levels of thiopental necessary for anesthesia.

PMID- 686443
TI  - Cardiovascular effects of plasma levels of thiopental necessary for anesthesia.
AB  - The cardiovascular effects of plasma levels of thiopental necessary for
      anesthesia were studied using systolic time intervals (STI). In ten healthy
      patients anesthesia was induced with thiopental, 2-2.5 mg/kg, intravenously, and
      maintained with an infusion of 1-1.5 mg/kg/min. STI and thiopental plasma levels
      were measured before induction and when corneal reflex and trapezius muscle
      response, indicators of anesthetic depth equivalent to response to surgical
      stimulation, were lost. Significant changes included: an increase in heart rate
      with induction of anesthesia; a decrease in 1/pre-ejection period2--indexed for
      heart rate (1/PEP2-I) at loss of corneal reflex; a decrease in systolic blood
      pressure and 1/PEP2-I at loss of trapezius muscle response. No other variable was
      significantly different from control. Control values for STI were in the high
      normal range, indicating some sympathetic stimulation. With induction of
      anesthesia these values decreased to a normal range. Free and total plasma levels
      were 5.4 and 37.6 microgram/ml at loss of corneal reflex; 6.1 and 41.6
      microgram/ml at loss of trapezius muscle response. In comparison with other
      studies, thiopental causes less cardiac depression than inhalational agents at
      approximately the same anesthetic depth. It is concluded from this study in
      healthy patients that plasma levels of thiopental producing surgical anesthesia
      result in minimal cardiac depression as determined by systolic time intervals.

PMID- 686444
TI  - A high-humidity circle system for infants and children.
AB  - A scaled-down version of a modified adult circle system capable of increasing
      normal humidity output 300% was constructed for pediatric use. The moisture
      content of the gases leaving the system was tested and found to be superior to
      that of any pediatric circle system commercially available that does not
      incorporate an electrically heated water vaporizer.

PMID- 686445
TI  - A complication of percutaneous cholangiography resulting in hypoxia and death of
      an anesthetized patient.

PMID- 686446
TI  - Aortic dissection complicating percutaneous jugular-vein catheterization.

PMID- 686447
TI  - Severe congenital subglottic stenosis in association with congenital duodenal
      obstruction.

PMID- 686448
TI  - Severe abdominal distention following jet ventilation during general anesthesia.

PMID- 686449
TI  - Paresis of the fifth cranial nerve following spinal anesthesia.

PMID- 686450
TI  - A possible hazard of prolonged neuromuscular blockade by amikacin.

PMID- 686451
TI  - Carden-tube insertion.

PMID- 686452
TI  - Conversion of nasal to oral intubation.

PMID- 686453
TI  - Validity of written examinations.

PMID- 686454
TI  - Face tent vs. face mask for oxygen therapy.

PMID- 686455
TI  - Assessment of coma and severity of brain damage.

PMID- 686456
TI  - Cylinder caution: open slowly to minimize recompression heat.

PMID- 686457
TI  - [Exotoxic shock in acute poisonings of chemical etiology].

PMID- 686458
TI  - [Effect of massive doses of prednisolone on hemodynamic and hemostatic indices in
      toxic infectious shock].

PMID- 686459
TI  - [Therapy of respiratory disorders in patients suffering a closed chest injury].

PMID- 686460
TI  - [Antigenic characteristics of the blood plasma following resuscitation].

PMID- 686461
TI  - [Characteristics of the alteration in the oxygen transport function of the blood
      in the early postoperative period in open-heart surgery patients].

PMID- 686462
TI  - [Organizational problems of resuscitation departments].

PMID- 686463
TI  - [Psychophysiological evaluation of patient status in the immediate postanesthesia
      period].

PMID- 686464
TI  - [Thermoregulatory disturbances during anesthesia and surgery and their
      manifestations in the immediate postanesthesia period].

PMID- 686465
TI  - [Hemodynamic effects of a pharmacological block in acute cardiac loading].

PMID- 686466
TI  - [Is artificial vasoplegia necessary in artificial circulation?].

PMID- 686467
TI  - [Emergency anesthesia in burn patients].

PMID- 686468
TI  - [Noninhalation anesthesia in operations performed against a background of acute
      uncompensated blood loss].

PMID- 686469
TI  - [Anesthesia in emergency urological operations for excretory anuria].

PMID- 686470
TI  - [Comparative assessment of computational methods of determining blood
      osmolarity].

PMID- 686471
TI  - [Effect of different types of general anesthesia on blood osmotic indices].

PMID- 686472
TI  - [Blood coagulation system according to thromboelastographic data in fluorothane
      anesthesia and peridural anesthesia].

PMID- 686473
TI  - [Use of neuroleptoanalgesic preparations in general anesthesia under
      nasopharyngeal intubation with the preservation of spontaneous breathing].

PMID- 686474
TI  - [Problem of shock in modern surgery].

PMID- 686475
TI  - Cold pressor test and hypertension.

PMID- 686476
TI  - Experience with the Siemens-Elema Variopacemaker.

PMID- 686477
TI  - Hypertension--pathophysiology of renal artery stenosis: clinical experimental
      investigations.

PMID- 686478
TI  - Long injection time and biplane oblique patient positioning in femoral
      arteriography.
AB  - We have made several important changes in femoral arteriography, including a
      slower rate, longer injection time, and the use of biplane oblique views. The
      long injection time has resulted in fewer repeat examinations. Biplane oblique
      filming of the pelvis has increased our ability to demonstrate stenoses and
      abnormalities, although it has not significantly increased the information
      content of the studies.

PMID- 686479
TI  - Newer concepts in the therapy of hypertension.

PMID- 686480
TI  - Acute effects of furosemide on blood electrolytes and hemodynamics in dogs.
AB  - The effects of furosemide on the hemodynamics, blood electrolytes, and urinary
      output in 5 anesthetized dogs were studied. There were no significant changes in
      blood Na+ or Ca++ levels, but K+ decreased significantly after 15 minutes of
      furosemide treatment. There were no significant changes in the blood pressure,
      heart rate, left ventricular systolic pressure, index of left ventricular
      contractility [(dp/dt)/IIP], or systemic vascular resistance. Left ventricular
      dp/dt decreased for 30 to 60 minutes. Later the dp/dt and (dp/dt)/IIP of left
      ventricular pressure exceeded control values, although increases were not
      significant. Left ventricular work index and stroke volume decreased
      significantly between 30 and 90 minutes. The cardiac output and cardiac index
      also decreased. Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure decreased significantly
      only at 30 minutes. Cardiac function remained unchanged and consistent with the
      electrolytes changes. Although there was a marked diuresis, which normally must
      have significantly decreased the effective blood volume and hence the myocardial
      contractility, the cardiac function remained unchanged. These results suggests
      that furosemide might have a direct effect on the myocardium. Clinical
      improvement in patients might be the result of a direct effect on the myocardium
      aside from its effect due to diuresis.

PMID- 686481
TI  - Role of the vascular laboratory in screening patients with peripheral vascular
      disease.

PMID- 686482
TI  - Tetralogy of Fallot associated with uncommon lesions.
AB  - A patient presented with a a unique combination of cardiovascular abnormalities:
      tetralogy of Fallot, absent pulmonary valve, stenosis of peripheral pulmonary
      arteries, and partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection to the azygos vein.
      The salient aspects and associated lesion of each of these abnormalities are
      described.

PMID- 686483
TI  - Angiographic and pathologic correlations in Prinzmetal variants angina.
AB  - The coronary-arteriographic and pathologic findings in a case of Prinzmetal's
      angina are reported. Right coronary arteriograms performed in the absence of pain
      showed only minor stenotic changes, whereas those performed during an anginal
      attack revealed a spastic occlusion involving almost the entire vessel. Anatomic
      examination revealed obstructive lesions of the right coronary artery, more
      pronounced at the site where spasm had started, due to concentric atherosclerotic
      thickening of the inner wall, whereas the elastic fibers and the muscular ring of
      the tunica media were preserved. These findings suggest (1) the need for great
      caution before assuming on purely angiographic bases that spasm may affect a
      normal coronary artery and (2) the possibility that spasm occurs in a markedly
      diseased and stenotic segment of a coronary artery as long as the contractile
      tissue of the tunica media is preserved.

PMID- 686484
TI  - An unusual coronary abnormality.
AB  - An unusual case of an aberrant coronary artery is described. The aberrant artery
      arose from the L.A.D. branch and ended in the aorta. It had two aneurysmal
      dilatations.

PMID- 686485
TI  - Prolonged arterial hemodynamic disturbances in the lower limbs after oral use of
      ergotamine.

PMID- 686486
TI  - Peripheral vascular dynamics studied by calcium ion inhibition.
AB  - The study of peripheral vasomotility through inhibition of parietal smooth muscle
      cells is of great clinical interest for both diagnostic and therapeutic reasons.
      It permits the differentiation of the functional clinical forms from the organic.
      And in organic forms, once any spastic component is eliminated, it determines the
      site and severity. On the basis of these premises we have developed a test for
      the study of vascular dynamics based on the use of nifedipine as antagonist of
      calcium ions.

PMID- 686487
TI  - Gaisbock's syndrome: its hematologic, biochemical and hormonal parameters.
AB  - The syndrome of plethora without splenomegaly, leukocytosis, or thrombocytosis
      was described by Gaisbock in 1905. It was reevaluated in 25 patients through the
      study of numerous hematologic and biochemical parameters. Statistically
      significant findings included mild obesity; elevation of blood pressure
      (especially diastolic); decrease in plasma volume with relative increase in red
      cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, viscosity of blood, elevation of plasma
      proteins, serum cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid, and plasma renin; and
      increased excretion of urinary sodium. The reduction in plasma volume seemed
      related to the elevation of the diastolic blood pressure, and favorable through
      temporary therapeutic results were produced by some antihypertensive agents. The
      elevation of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and uric acid, the increased blood
      viscosity, and the elevated plasma renin were reminescent of the biochemical
      changes observed in some instances of hypertension and atherosclerotic disease.
      They may explain why patients with the Gaisbock's syndrome belong to the high
      risk group of hypertensive individuals who often develop cardiovascular
      complications. While its long-term effects remain to be evaluated, treatment with
      nondiuretic antihypertensive drugs may help reduce the incidence of these
      complications.

PMID- 686488
TI  - Combined study of hyperemia after arterial occlusion and exercise by an
      isotopical test and a Doppler-ultrasonic method.
AB  - Postischemic hyperemia was studied in normal and pathologic limbs by an
      isotopical method, which measures the delay and the rate of appearance of tagged
      serum-albumin in the foot after release of an arterial femoral occlusion (T in
      seconds). The postexercise hyperemia was assessed by the follow-up of the ankle
      arterial pressure drop (deltaP). deltaP was positively correlated to the
      logarithm of T in the absence of proximal arterial lesions. The correlation
      vanished in the presence of an aortoiliac occlusive disease. Therefore we
      conclude that the isotopical test can be used to assess selectively the capacity
      of hyperemia of the arterial network below the inguinal ligament.

PMID- 686489
TI  - Circulatory effect of respiratory maneuvers.
AB  - The circulatory effects of three kinds of respiratory maneuvers--maximum
      breathing, voluntary hyperventilation, and the Valsalva maneuver--on cerebral
      blood flow, brachial blood flow, heart rate, and systolic blood pressure were
      investigated by means of the on-line Doppler ultrasonic technique in 20 men.
      Arterial gas contents (PO2, PCO2, pH) were also examined. Cerebral blood flow was
      increased or showed the biphasic response (increase in the former and decrease in
      the latter part of the maneuver) with maximum breathing. Cerebral blood flow was
      decreased with voluntary hyperventilation. The cerebral blood flow was maintained
      at a same level during the maneuver or tended to return to the control level.
      Cerebral blood flow was decreased in the Valsalva maneuver. There was a transient
      but conspicious increase of the cerebral blood flow immediately after the
      maneuver.

PMID- 686490
TI  - Prognosis of patients with diabetes mellitus after endarterectomy of the femoral
      artery.
AB  - The perioperative prognosis of 81 diabetic patients after endarterectomy of the
      femoral artery was analyzed by a computer program and compared to the prognosis
      of a control group of 83 nondiabetic patients. The percentage of female patients
      in the group with diabetes mellitus was 22% in comparison with 8% of the control
      group. Most of the diabetic patients in clinical degree II/III were approximately
      10 years younger at the time of operation than the patients of the control group.
      Cardiac complications occurred in 16% of the diabetic patients and in 1% of the
      nondiabetic patients. The hospital mortality in the group with diabetes mellitus
      was 14%, significantly higher than the 6% mortality among patients of the control
      group (x2 = 4.26). Clinical evaluation of the patients in both groups showed that
      the patency rate of the reconstructed vessels was 80%.

PMID- 686491
TI  - Isorhythmic artifact (diaphragmatic?) simulating an inferior wall injury pattern:
      a case report.

PMID- 686492
TI  - Echocardiographic demonstration of tricuspid valvulitis and right atrial thrombus
      complicating an infected artificial pacemaker:a case report.
AB  - A right ventricular artificial demand pacemaker was implanted into a 59-year-old
      man with supra-Hisian complete heart block. His postoperative course was
      complicated by Staphylococcal aureus septicemia, which was controlled with
      antibiotics. A year later, S. aureus was again isolated from the blood.
      Echocardiography showed thickening of the tricuspid valve leaflet and multiple
      echoes in the right atrium. Autopsy findings included tricuspid leaflet
      thickening and an overlying right atrial thrombus. The echocardiogram is thus
      useful in localizing an infected valve in bacterial endocarditis and in
      demonstrating the presence of the thrombus.

PMID- 686493
TI  - Renal lesions in scleroderma.

PMID- 686494
TI  - Electrophysiologic properties of morphine in man.

PMID- 686495
TI  - Cardiovascular function in dogs with acute hypokalemia.
AB  - The effects of acute hypokalemia on plasma electrolytes, cardiovascular function,
      osmolality, and hematocrit were investigated in anesthetized dogs for 2 hours.
      There was progressive increase in the total systemic vascular resistance, but no
      change in the osmolality and blood hematocrit. All of the hemodynamic parameters
      decreased except the preferred index of myocardial contractility, [dp/dt]/IIP,
      which increased during hypokalemia. The changes in this index of myocardial
      contractility were associated with changes in the plasma potassium but not the
      plasma sodium. The results suggest that hypokalemia-induced increases in
      myocardial contractility might be associated with an increased influx of Ca++ as
      a result of hypokalemia-induced inhibition of sarcolemmal Mg++ -dependent, Na+-K+
      ATPase.

PMID- 686496
TI  - Effect of age, cardiovascular disease, and vasomotor changes on transmission of
      arterial pressure waves through the lower extremities.
AB  - Pressure waves were recorded by indwelling needles in the femoral and foot
      arteries. At the foot the systolic and pulse pressures were greater and the
      dicrotic wave more prominent. These changes during transmission increased during
      vasoconstriction and decreased during vasodilatation. The ratio of the distal to
      femoral pulse pressure (amplification) increasing from 1.13 +/- 0.05 during body
      heating to 1.47 +/- 0.06 during body cooling (P less than 0.01), and from 1.14 +/
      0.10 during infusion of trimethaphan to 1.42 +/- 0.02 during cooling (P less
      than 0.05). Amplification was also significantly greater following inhalation of
      amyl nitrite and during and after Valsalva maneuver. Greater pulse pressure at
      the foot paralleled greater amplitude of individual harmonics. Phase velocities
      decreased with increasing frequency and tended to level off at a value similar to
      the foot-to-foot pulse wave velocity. The findings are consistent with peripheral
      reflections of the waves which increase during vasoconstriction. In the absence
      of procedures that elicit vasoconstriction or vasodilatation, amplification
      averaged 1.35 +/- 0.03 in control subjects less than 35 years of age and 1.24 +/-
      0.06 in older subjects (P less than 0.05). Amplification also did not differ
      significantly between control subjects and patients with hypertension or ischemic
      heart disease. In the absence of pronounced vasodilatation or encroachment on the
      lumen by atherosclerotic plaques, systolic and pulse pressures at the foot should
      be higher than in proximal pulses. These findings provide a firm basis for
      interpreting measurements of distal systolic pressures by using blood pressure
      cuffs when examining patients with occlusive arterial disease in the extremities.

PMID- 686497
TI  - Influences of the adrenergic nervous system on the repolarization phase of the
      electrocardiogram.
AB  - The following conclusions can be drawn : (1) The nervous outflow to the heart may
      be varied from the baseline to opposite directions by different stressful
      stimuli. (2) ST-T alterations may be induced and abolished by adrenergic
      activation and inhibition respectively. (3) These effects are dissociated from or
      not necessarily associated with an exaggerated responsiveness of the cardiac beta
      receptors. (4) The adrenergic influences on the ST-T abnormalities of myocardial
      ischemia and hypertension are limited.

PMID- 686498
TI  - Noninvasive evaluation of peripheral arterial disease.
AB  - Doppler ultrasound is the most simple, inexpensive, accurate and versatile of the
      available noninvasive screening techniques to assess peripheral vascular
      diseases. The four fundamental components of peripheral arterial evaluation with
      this technique are assessment of blood velocity signal, measurement of resting
      ankle pressure, determination of segmental leg blood pressures, and measurement
      of ankle pressure response to exercise or reactive hyperemia. Plethysmography
      permits graphic recording of pulse-wave morphology, determination of digit blood
      pressure, and pulsatile responses to compression maneuvers. These techniques are
      useful in objectively quantifying peripheral arterial occlusive disease,
      predicting the results of operative therapy, monitoring the success of arterial
      reconstruction during surgery, and following the physiologic status of the
      patient after surgery.

PMID- 686499
TI  - Food and chemical susceptibility after environmental chemical overexposure: case
      histories.

PMID- 686500
TI  - Specific Rush Desensitization to carbenicillin: case report.

PMID- 686501
TI  - The lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) applied to children with atopic asthma
      caused by allergens in house dust.

PMID- 686502
TI  - Immunoglobulin levels in children with chronic severe asthma.

PMID- 686503
TI  - Risk factors for the development of allergic disease: analysis of 2,190 patient
      records.
AB  - Records of 2,190 patients with demonstrable allergic disease, including 1,148
      patients with asthma and 557 patients with allergic rhinitis, were analyzed for
      the impact of certain risk factors on age of onset of allergic disease and on
      sensitization to certain specific antigens. The risk factors examined included
      race, sex, maternal age, family structure, life style, feeding history,
      environmental factors and heredity of allergic disease. Age of onset was
      significantly earlier (P less than 0.001) in males, blacks, children of younger
      mothers, bottle-fed babies, children of rural origin, children of smoking parents
      and children with a bilateral family history of allergy.

PMID- 686504
TI  - Study of social, educational, environmental and cultural aspects of childhood
      asthma in clinic and private patients in the city of New York.
AB  - A group of asthmatics treated in a clinic setting were compared to a group
      treated by private allergists. Statistical differences were found regarding
      family income, racial distribution, family structure, educational level, reading
      habits, management of acute asthma attacks, housing, living space, school
      absences and hospital admissions.

PMID- 686505
TI  - Cholinergic urticaria and asthma: a case report.

PMID- 686506
TI  - Allergy and clinical immunology: an interdisciplinary concept.

PMID- 686507
TI  - Routine laboratory determinations in pediatric allergic disease.
AB  - Clinical and laboratory data were extracted from the medical records of 285
      consecutive children after completion of their evaluations for suspected atopic
      disease. Blood eosinophilia, determined from a routine complete blood count, was
      present in more than 60% of patients tested. Nasal smear for eosinophils or a
      direct eosinophil count provided little additional evidence of atopic reactivity
      in simultaneously tested patients. Total serum IgE concentration was elevated in
      75% to 81% of the children with asthma, nasal allergy and atopic dermatitis and
      an elevated serum IgE concentration or blood eosinophilia, or both, was noted in
      85% of the patients studied. Selective IgA deficiency was documented in three
      children and hyperimmunoglobulinemia was found in 20 others. Serum complement
      activity was normal in 10 children with persistent urticaria, allergy, IgE,
      eosinophilia, immunoglobulins, complement.

PMID- 686508
TI  - Elevation of serum IgE in Japanese-American children.
AB  - Serum IgE levels were determined in Japanese-American and White-American children
      -ages 6 to 14. The mean serum IgE level was significantly higher in the Japanese
      American children (444 vs. 67; p less than .01). There was also a suggested
      incidence of personal allergic disease or familial allergy in a small sample of
      the Japanese-American children.

PMID- 686509
TI  - Decrease in non-specific bronchial reactivity in an asthmatic following treatment
      of hyperthyroidism.

PMID- 686510
TI  - Enzyme determination and RAST inhibition assays for orchard grass (Dactylis
      glomerata): a comparison of commericial pollen extracts.
AB  - Pollens release enzymes when they are dropped into water. Orchard Grass extracts
      were tested by two methods. The Api-Zym System determined 19 enzymes and
      colorimetric amounts of Leucine Aminopeptidases, Acid phosphatase and trypsin.
      These were compared with RAST inhibition assays. A good correlation was shown
      between the techniques. Thus the enzyme dosage may be useful for the
      standardization of pollen extracts.

PMID- 686511
TI  - In vitro immunological studies in atopic and contact dermatitis.
AB  - Serum immunoglobulins, five lymphocyte markers and three mitogen assays were used
      in an investigation of 20 patients with atopic dermatitis. A slight impairment of
      the cell-mediated immunity was detected. Ten patients suffering from contact
      dermatitis had sub-normal lymphocyte reactivity.

PMID- 686512
TI  - Allergic cerebral manifestations in a patient with bird breeder's lung.

PMID- 686513
TI  - Changes of serum complement and eosinophil count in antigen induced bronchospasm.
AB  - By using house dust antigens, in addition to the relation between specific IgE
      antibody, precipitin antibody and bronchial provocation test (BPT), the changes
      of serum complement activities and eosinophil counts after BPT were studied.
      Decreased serum concentrations of C4 and Factor B were found in three of 15 skin
      test positive asthmatic children, thus confirming the involvement of complement
      in the pathogenesis of immediate type BPT reaction. Eosinophil counts tended to
      increase after BPT but the increase did not correlate with the occurence of the
      immediate type BPT reaction.

PMID- 686514
TI  - Insect sting kit.

PMID- 686515
TI  - Intrauterine copper contraceptive devices and allergy to copper and nickel.

PMID- 686516
TI  - [Rabies virus study by the plaque forming system. A simplified technique].
AB  - The author describes here a simplified and economical plaque forming system for
      rabies virus study. It is achieved in three steps (cells preparation and
      infection, apply of overlay, staining). It presents more advantages than previous
      techniques: time as well as culture media and handling spearing, easy and durable
      reading. Cells prepared with di-ethyl-amino-ethyl-dextran are added to equal
      quantities of diluted virus (for titration) or to virus-serum mixing (for
      seroneutralization) and overlaid after 4 hours with a carboxymethylcellulose
      medium. Reading is carried out after 6 days incubation and staining with amido
      black. Plaques obtained are to 2-3 mm in diameter, regularly reproductible, clear
      and easy to read. This technique enables titration and seroneutralization and
      even a rabies virus cloning.

PMID- 686517
TI  - [Application of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis-SDS to the study of
      proteinuria (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors present a variant of the technique of sodium dodecylsulfate
      acrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAA) reported by Weber and Osborn, for the
      analysis of urinary proteins. SDS-PAA separates the proteins chiefly according to
      their molecular radius. SDS-PAA, as compared to acetate cellulose electrophoresis
      and immunoelectrophoresis, gives better resolution and may be recommended for the
      investigation of proteinuria.

PMID- 686518
TI  - [Estimation of aluminium in biological fluids by atomic absorption
      spectrophotometry in a graphite oven (author's transl)].
AB  - The possibilities of use of a graphite oven type HGA 74 (Perkin Elmer) for the
      estimation of aluminium in biological fluids by atomic absorption
      spectrophotometry are described, with a special study of the stages of drying,
      mineralisation, atomisation, flow of inert gas, requirement for correction of non
      specific absorption, etc. Under fixed experimental conditions, the limit of
      sensitivity (absorption 1%) was 2.28.10.(-11) grams and the linearity was good up
      to 100 microgram/l. This method of analysis by direct treatment of the samples
      required only small volumes of the latter and reduces the risk of contamination.

PMID- 686519
TI  - [Estimation of aluminium and gallium in biological fluids (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors describe the conditions of treatment of samples and the conditions of
      measurement which permit estimation of aluminium and gallium in biological fluids
      by atomic absorption spectrometry.

PMID- 686520
TI  - [Estimation of clometacine in biological fluids by gas chromatography and
      electron capture (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors describe a method of estimation of clometacine in biological fluids
      based on extraction in the pure state of a pair of ions, purification by
      chromatography (in liquid phase, adsorption, then exchange, methylation by diazo
      methane and gas chromatography associated with detection by electron capture.

PMID- 686521
TI  - [Physiopathologic variations in plasma free and albumin-bound tryptophan
      excluding psychiatric diseases].

PMID- 686522
TI  - Social psychological contributions to a legislative subcommittee on organ and
      tissue transplants.

PMID- 686523
TI  - The sociology of the Nobel prize: further notes and queries.

PMID- 686524
TI  - Get the venous blood too.
AB  - Although simultaneous gas analyses on arterial and central or mixed venous blood
      cost twice as much as on arterial blood alone, the benefits obtained, we believe,
      are increased by much more than twofold. The greatest benefits are those obtained
      from having more accurate and detailed information of pulmonary and hemodynamic
      function, particularly physiologic shunting in the lung and cardiac output.

PMID- 686525
TI  - Factors influencing morbidity and mortality after liver injury.
AB  - The factors influencing morbidiy and mortality after liver injury were monitored
      prospectively in 637 patients. Death correlated with the number of associated
      injuries, severity of injury, presence of great vessel injury, active bleeding
      from liver at laparotomy, and severe shock on admission. Morbidity correlated
      most with presence of a colon injury, and the use of choledochostomy drainage.
      The first priority in treating liver injury is to stop bleeding. The simplest
      technique for this is multiple liver suture. Drainage is most safely achieved
      with soft rubber drains placed to the site of injury. Although several patients
      having no drainage may do well postoperatively, at least two patients in this
      series died because no drains were used. The use of choledochostomy drainage for
      decompression of the liver is associated with increased morbidity and mortality
      and is, therefore, contraindicated.

PMID- 686526
TI  - Hemodynamic analysis of septic shock in thermal injury: treatment with dopamine.
AB  - Eleven burn patients were studied while in septic shock and during dopamine
      infusion. There was only one survivor. The shock state in septic burn patients is
      hyperdynamic with a marked increase in cardiac index but a significant loss of
      systemic vascular resistance. Dopamine infusion in low doses stimulated the heart
      by increasing the cardiac index but caused further vasodilation and exerted
      little beneficial effect on blood pressure. High doses of dopamine increased the
      systemic vascular resistance and the blood pressure to levels which more
      adequately perfused the kidney. Dopamine infusion in high doses will improve the
      septic patient's hemodynamic status. This may permit surgical treatment of the
      septic process to remove the cause of the shock state.

PMID- 686527
TI  - Survival of patients with bronchogenic carcinoma modified by BCG immunotherapy.
AB  - Fifty-five patients with stage II and III bronchogenic carcinoma were randomized
      into one group of 21 treated conventionally, and another group of 34 additionally
      vaccinated with BCG. Vaccinated patients survived, on average, 11 weeks longer
      than controls. A lag of about six months existed before consistent differences
      became apparent.

PMID- 686528
TI  - Cholecystectomy during pregnancy.
AB  - While cholecystitis has definitely been associated with pregnancy, performance of
      cholecystectomy during pregnancy seem to be a rare occurrence. To document this
      observation we reviewed the records of all cholecystectomies performed during a
      10-year period on women between the ages of 16 and 45 in a university hospital
      and a busy community hospital. Six of the 749 cholecystectomies performed at the
      university hospital occurred during pregnancies of from four to 26 weeks'
      gestation. Four of the patients were operated on emergently after an average of
      one week of conservation management. In no instance did the operation induce
      premature labor or abortion. Operative cholangiography was performed in four of
      the patients without detriment to the fetus. This review indicates that the need
      to perform cholecystectomy during pregnancy is rare, but that it can be performed
      with minimal risk to the fetus regardless of gestation.

PMID- 686529
TI  - Accuracy of oral cholecystography in cholelithiasis.
AB  - The accuracy of oral cholecystograms in the detection of cholelithiasis was
      assessed by comparing 100 patients who were examined both roentgenographically
      and by ultrasonography of the gallbladder. All normal oral cholecystograms had
      normal ultrasonography of the gallbladder. This study supports previous reviews
      indicating that the reliability of cholecystography in cholelithiasis is in the
      98% range.

PMID- 686530
TI  - Noninvasive localization pheochromocytomas.
AB  - Because of the propensity for extra-adrenal sites, preopertative localization of
      pheochromocytomas remains an important operative determinant. Although
      arteriography has been widely considered to be the procedure of choice for
      preoperative localization, in this series of 13 patients, falsely negative
      arteriograms were seen on two occasions while four patients experienced
      significant morbidity from attempts at angiographic localization. Emphasis is
      placed upon noninvasive techniques as the initial approach toward localization.
      The value of bolus infusion nephrotomography is re-emphasized and localization of
      a pheochromocytoma by ultrasound and computerized axial tomography is described.

PMID- 686531
TI  - Acute appendicitis in patients over sixty.
AB  - In an investigation of 68 consecutive patients over the 60 operated on for acute
      appendicitis in 1969--1972 the symptoms and signs did not differ notably from
      those in younger patients. However, the disease was more advanced in the elderly
      patients with perforation of the appendix in 49%. Postoperative complications
      occurred in about one third of the series, but were never fatal. Use of broad
      spectrum antibiotics (ampicillin) is recommended. The investigation showed that
      it is possible to reduce the mortality from acute appendicitis in elderly
      patients to a level comparable to that in younger ones.

PMID- 686532
TI  - Routine subclavian vein catheterization in thoracic surgical practice.
AB  - A total of 101 routine subclavian vein catheterizations in patients with elective
      thoracic surgical procedures were performed at the Medical University of South
      Carolina Hospitals over a two-year period. This was done primarily to have ready
      access to large veins, particularly in the axial plane of the body and to free
      the patient's extremities from uncomfortable immobilization and the risk of
      superficial thrombophlebitis in the postoperative period. The procedure is very
      safe, and complications are rarely encountered if experienced personnel place and
      then care for the catheter.

PMID- 686533
TI  - Uncommon presentations of venous disease.
AB  - Venous disease can manifest itself in unusual ways; three uncommon venous disease
      states are described, together with discussions of their treatment. The cases
      include an iliac compression syndrome, incipient venous gangrene of an upper limb
      associated with polycythemia and congestive cardiac failure, and venous edema of
      a lower limb as a sequel to previous radical pelvic surgery.

PMID- 686534
TI  - How I do it: Pedicle planning with surrogate skin.
AB  - Preplanning a pedicle using foam polyethylene helps eliminate errors of size and
      location and allows less scarring, less wasted tissue, less anesthesia time, and
      better assurance of fit and survival of the pedicle. The foam sheet is
      inexpensive, easily cut, can be sterilized, and resembles skin in
      compressibility, tension, and torque resistance. This technique for pedicle
      planing with surrogate skin is demonstrated in a variety of large and small
      pedicles.

PMID- 686535
TI  - Explaining the low use of health services by the poor: costs, attitudes, or
      delivery systems?

PMID- 686536
TI  - Social factors in psychiatric outcome: toward the resolution of interpretive
      controversies.

PMID- 686537
TI  - The sociogenesis of psychological disorder: reexamining the causal issues with
      longitudinal data.

PMID- 686538
TI  - [Induction and repair of damage induced in DNA of bacteriophages by long UV
      irradiation (365 mm), (proceedings)].

PMID- 686539
TI  - Legionnaires' disease: clinical features of 24 cases.
AB  - Twenty-four cases of Legionnaires' disease were diagnosed at the Wadsworth
      Veterans Administration Hospital during a 5-month period. All cases occurred in
      persons exposed to the hospital environment during the usual incubation period of
      Legionnaires' disease. The clinical illness was quite characteristic. All
      patients complained of weakness, malaise, anorexia, and cough. Rigors, diarrhea,
      and pleuritic pain were frequent symptoms. All patients had a maximum temperature
      of greater than or equal to 39.4 degrees C. Thirteen of 22 patients had relative
      bradycardia. Chest roentgenograms documented pneumonia in all patients.
      Leukocytosis, hyponatremia, hypophosphatemia, and abnormal liver-function test
      results were typical. Diagnosis was made by serologic criteria in 20 patients,
      postmortem examination of tissue in two, and both serology and tissue examination
      in two. Four patients in whom the disease was not suspected died of Legionnaires'
      disease. One patient died of unrelated causes. Fifteen of 19 survivors received
      erythromycin therapy. The presentation of Legionnaires' disease was
      characteristic enough to allow early, specific therapy.

PMID- 686540
TI  - e Antigen in hepatitis B virus infected dialysis patients: assessment of its
      prognostic value.
AB  - Many investigations consider the presence of e antigen (HBeAg) valuable in
      predicting which patients with acute hepatitis B are at risk of remaining
      infected and developing chronic liver disease. We tested this hypothesis in a
      retrospective study of serial samples from patients undergoing long-term
      hemodialysis. We found HBeAg in the early phase of all hepatitis B virus (HBV)
      infections. There was no significant difference between transiently and
      persistently hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive persons with regard to
      the frequency of HBeAg during the first 3 months of HBs antigenemia. Thus during
      the early period of viral activity, the presence of HBeAg is of no prognostic
      values in determining chronicity of HBV infection. We believe the disagreement on
      the prognostic value of HBeAg is a reflection of variations in time and frequency
      of sampling. The HBeAg remains, however, a useful indicator of potential
      infectivity of HBsAg(+)persons.

PMID- 686541
TI  - Achalasia secondary to carcinoma: manometric and clinical features.
AB  - The clinical and diagnostic features of a secondary type of achalasia of the
      esophagus are described in seven patients with various types of malignancies.
      Patients with secondary achalasia presented with dysphagia of short duration and
      marked weight loss; mean age was 64 years. Esophageal manometry showed features
      identical to those of idiopathic primary achalasia: aperistalsis, poor lower
      esophageal sphincter relaxation, and elevated sphincter pressure. Endoscopy and
      barium swallow showed evidence of a tumor in only two cases. Various types of
      malignancies may produce a secondary form of achalasia that has diagnostic
      features identical to those of primary achalasia and is best identified by its
      clinical presentation.

PMID- 686542
TI  - Convoluted lymphocytic lymphoma in adults: a clinicopathologic entity.
AB  - Twelve adults had a distinct clinicopathologic type of malignant lymphoma that
      closely resembles the mediastinal lymphomas of childhood. Nine patients presented
      with mediastinal masses, and seven had symptoms related to intrathoracic
      compression. Seven patients presented with or developed leukemia, and in four of
      these patients the central nervous system (CNS) became involved. Structurally,
      the tumor cells had a distinctive stippled chromatin pattern, in addition to the
      characteristic nuclear convolutions. Tumor cells from five patients were studied
      immunologically, and, in each case, the tumor cells formed rosettes with sheep
      erythrocytes. The response to combination chemotherapy was rapid and dramatic,
      but usually transient, with relapse in the CNS or previously involved sites. The
      above data strongly suggest that these cases represent a distinct
      clinicopathologic entity that should be treated similarly to childhood leukemia
      and lymphoma, with intensive multiple agent induction, CNS prophylaxis, possibly
      radiation therapy to initially involved sites, and prolonged maintenance.

PMID- 686543
TI  - Echocardiographic estimation of aortic-valve gradient in aortic stenosis.
AB  - Fifty-five consecutive patients with aortic stenosis underwent echocardiography
      at the time of cardiac catheterization. Left ventricular systolic pressure was
      estimated from the echocardiogram assuming that peak systolic circumferential was
      stress was constant. Systolic blood pressure was substracted from the estimated
      left ventricular pressure to obtain the aortic-valve gradient. Of 44 patients
      with adequate echocardiograms and catheterization studies, 30 had their aortic
      gradient accurately estimated by the echocardiogram (r = 0.75). All 30 patients
      had normal left ventricular systolic function estimated echocardiographically.
      The echocardiogram underestimated the aortic gradient in all seven patients with
      poor left ventricular systolic function. An accurate echocardiographic estimate
      of aortic-valve gradient can be obtained in patients with normal left ventricular
      function. The technique can identify those patients with insignificant left
      ventricular outflow obstruction, thereby obviating the need for invasive studies.

PMID- 686544
TI  - Elevated urinary prostaglandins and the effects of aspirin on renal function in
      lupus erythematosus.
AB  - We studied the urinary excretion of immunoreactive prostaglandin E-like material
      (iPGE) and renal function in seven women with systemic lupus erythematosus to
      evaluate the relation between urinary iPGE and the increase in serum creatinine
      in patients taking aspirin. The mean pretreatment excretion of urinary iPGE in
      patients with lupus erythematosus, 42.7 +/- 6.4 ng/h, was significantly higher
      than the value of 29.0 +/- 1.9 ng/h for normal subjects (P less than 0.02). With
      aspirin, the urinary iPGE decreased an average of 45% (P less than 0.001).
      Increases in serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen confirmed our previous
      clinical observations. The concomitant mean fall in creatinine clearance of 18%
      (P less than 0.001) was accompanied by a 14% decrease in inulin clearance (P less
      than 0.005); p-aminohippurate clearance fell 29% (P less than 0.005). The decline
      in urinary iPGE preceded the fall in creatinine clearance but was significantly
      correlated with it (r = 0.78; P less than 0.001). The observed changes reversed
      rapidly when aspirin was stopped. These data show that, in these patients with
      high urinary iPGE excretion, aspirin causes significant changes in renal function
      that may be mediated by the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis.

PMID- 686545
TI  - A behavioral treatment of alcoholic methadone patients.
AB  - Alcoholism is a frequent complication of methadone treatment and is one of the
      few behaviors found to correlate with methadone treatment failure. To eliminate
      drinking among severely alcoholic patients, we tested the efficacy of
      incorporating methadone into a behavioral contingency to reinforce disulfiram
      ingestion. Methadone was dispensed to alcoholic narcotic addicts contingent upon
      their ingesting disulfiram, and as a control patients were urged to take
      disulfiram but received methadone regardless of whether they took disulfiram. The
      results indicated that the reinforced disulfiram treatment was highly successful
      in controlling alcoholism. In addition, nonstatistically significant trends
      suggested that the reinforced disulfiram treatment resulted in a superior
      adjustment, as reflected in arrest rate, unemployment, and illicit drug use.
      There appeared to be no significant physiologic or behavioral adverse effects.

PMID- 686546
TI  - Acromegaly and galactorrhea-amenorrhea with two pituitary adenomas secreting
      growth hormone or prolactin. A case report.
AB  - A prolactinoma was removed from a nulliparous woman who had acromegaly,
      galactorrhea-amenorrhea, elevated serum growth hormone and prolactin, and
      hypogonadotropinism. Postoperatively galactorrhea decreased and cyclic vaginal
      bleeding ensued; serum prolactin concentration was normal but growth hormone
      remained elevated and the acromegalic complex was unchanged, even after
      subsequently administered bromocriptine. At a second transsphenoidal operation,
      an adenoma of somatotropes was removed; improvement in symptoms and signs and
      normalisation of pituitary function, including growth hormone, followed. The
      possible presence of distinctly separate pituitary adenomas should be considered
      in patients with galactorrhea associated with acromegaly.

PMID- 686547
TI  - Glucose-induced hyperkalemia with normal aldosterone levels. Studies in a patient
      with diabetes mellitus.
AB  - A diabetic patient exhibited glucose-induced hyperkalemia despite normal plasma
      and urinary aldosterone levels. The patient received no diuretics, was not
      acidotic, and had a creatinine clearance of 39 ml/min. Insulin or pharmacologic
      doses of desoxycorticosterone acetate eliminated the glucose-induced
      hyperkalemia. Normal aldosterone levels may be insufficient to protect certain
      diabetic patients from glucose-induced hyperkalemia.

PMID- 686548
TI  - Interstitial pneumonia from mitomycin.
AB  - Pulmonary disease has been associated with several chemotherapeutic agents but
      has not been reported in patients receiving the alkylating agent mitomycin
      (Mutamycin). We describe here the cases of three patients who developed
      interstitial pneumonia while receiving mitomycin therapy. Their clinical features
      including dyspnea, cough, and occasionally fever; reticular infiltrates were seen
      on chest roentgenogram. Histologically, diffuse alveolar septal edema,
      mononuclear-cell interstitial infiltrates, hypertrophy of alveolar lining cells,
      and alveolar septal collagen deposition were characteristic. Treatment with
      corticosteroids was associated with a rapid therapeutic response in all three
      patients.

PMID- 686549
TI  - Prevention of involutional bone loss by exercise.
AB  - To ascertain whether exercise could prevent involutional bone loss, we studied 18
      postmenopausal women, half of whom exercised for 1 h three times a week. Total
      and regional bone mass were measured before and after 1 year of exercise by the
      techniques of total-body neutron activation analysis (total body calcium) and
      photon absorptiometry (bone mineral content) of the distal radius. Total body
      potassium was measured by whole body counting. Bone mineral content and total
      body potassium did not change significantly in either group. Total body calcium
      increased in the exercise group from 781 +/- 95 g of 801 +/- 118 g (SD). In
      contrast, total body calcium decreased in each subject in the sedentary group.
      The daily calcium balance derived from the difference in total body calcium
      measurements was significantly different in the two groups of women (P less than
      0.001). These data support the hypothesis that exercise can modify involutional
      bone loss.

PMID- 686550
TI  - Aprindine hepatitis.
AB  - We have seen two patients whose hepatitis was due to the administration of
      aprindine, a new antiarrhythmic agent. In both patients evidence of hepatitis
      appeared within 3 weeks of initiating aprindine therapy and resolved rapidly when
      the drug was withdrawn. The reintroduction of aprindine in one patient was
      associated with the reappearance of hepatitis, which resolved despite continued
      administration of the drug.

PMID- 686551
TI  - Systemic complications of local podophyllin therapy.

PMID- 686552
TI  - Carcinoid of the thymus with hereditary hyperparathyroidism.

PMID- 686553
TI  - Miliary and disseminated coccidioidomycosis.

PMID- 686554
TI  - Influenza vaccine: preliminary statement. Recommendation of the Public Health
      Service Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices.
AB  - The primary influenza vaccine for 1978-79 will be an inactivated trivalent
      preparation of antigens representative of the three currently prevalent influenza
      viruses. A monovalent vaccine will also be produced if needed for optimum
      immunization of any population group. Annual vaccination is recommended for
      persons of all ages who have various chronic conditions. Physicians should
      evaluate pregnant women for influenza immunization according to the criteria
      applied to other persons.

PMID- 686555
TI  - The diagnosis of Legionnaires' disease.

PMID- 686556
TI  - Grain dust and health. III. Environmental factors.

PMID- 686557
TI  - Standards for therapeutic trials.

PMID- 686558
TI  - Hormonal therapy of breast cancer.

PMID- 686559
TI  - Tamoxifen and hypercalcemia.

PMID- 686560
TI  - Carcinoembryonic antigen assay.

PMID- 686561
TI  - Eosinophils, pleural effusions, and malignancy.

PMID- 686562
TI  - Therapy for systolic hypertension.

PMID- 686563
TI  - Asymptomatic hyperuricemia.

PMID- 686564
TI  - Indomethacin and thalassemic osteoarthropathy.

PMID- 686565
TI  - Traveler's diarrhea.

PMID- 686566
TI  - Cephalothin neurotoxicity in renal failure.

PMID- 686567
TI  - Psoriasis and hemodialysis.

PMID- 686568
TI  - Vitamin B12 analogues and bacterial overgrowth.

PMID- 686569
TI  - Isoniazid and ethambutol absorption with jejunoileal bypass.

PMID- 686570
TI  - Acetylcysteine for bronchial plugging.

PMID- 686571
TI  - Epidural hematoma from lumbar puncture.

PMID- 686573
TI  - [Clinical aspects and therapy of acute pericardial effusions in 37 patients
      treated with iterative dialysis (author's transl)].

PMID- 686572
TI  - [Echocardiography in the acute bacterial endocarditis (author's transl)].

PMID- 686574
TI  - [Circulating immuns complexes and infections endocarditis. 64 cases (author's
      transl)].
AB  - An immunological study, with examination for circulating immune complexes (CIC)
      by precipitation by polyethylene-glycol (PEG) and by fixation of labelled C1q,
      was carried out in 64 patients with infectious endocarditis (IE). One or more
      complementary studies during the course of the illness were possible in 23. CIC
      were found in 84 p. 100 of cases (66 p. 100 of acute IE and 89 p. 100 of subacute
      IE), during the active phase of the disease. High levels of PEG precipitate were
      correlated with typical cutaneous signs (including Osler's nodes), with the
      presence of cryoglobulins. With effective antibiotic treatment, the level of PEG
      precipitate (17 patients) returned to normal within one month, in parallel with a
      fall in rheumatoid factor and in cryoglobulins. By contrast, ineffective
      treatment was invariably reflected (6 patients) by a rise in levels of PEG
      precipitate. The estimation of CIC using the PEG technique during IE would
      already appear to be a value aid in cases of difficult diagnosis, and a research
      area worthy of further exploration within the context of IE.

PMID- 686575
TI  - [The concept of reentry in the surgical treatment of ventricular tachycardia].

PMID- 686576
TI  - [A new approach to the treatment of depression: salbutamol].

PMID- 686577
TI  - [Rectal biopsy in the diagnosis of amyloidosis: 100 cases].

PMID- 686578
TI  - [Metastatic pulmonary hydatidosis. Apropos of 2 cases of hepatic origin].

PMID- 686579
TI  - [What is idiopathic hirsutism? Apropos of 26 cases].

PMID- 686580
TI  - [Demonstration of the role of cholelithiasis in the onset of acute pancreatitis
      occurring during clofibrate (or its analog) treatment of atherogenic
      hyperlipemia].

PMID- 686581
TI  - [Bipolar thrombophlebitis: pylephlebitis and cerebral lesions of venous origin].

PMID- 686582
TI  - [Renal puncture biopsy in acute renal insufficiency].

PMID- 686583
TI  - [Candidiasis, chronic hypoparathyroidism, adrenal insufficiency, primary ovarian
      insufficiency and Biermer's disease: extension of Whitaker's triad].

PMID- 686584
TI  - [Bourneville's tuberous sclerosis of late onset and anticonvulsant-induced
      osteomalacia].

PMID- 686585
TI  - [Myocardial infarct and oral contraceptives].

PMID- 686586
TI  - [A case of disseminated lupus erythematosus with involvement of the spinal cord
      and both optic nerves].

PMID- 686587
TI  - Chevalier Jackson Lecture. Analysis of new optical systems in
      bronchoesophagology.
AB  - A new image transmitting system (Hopkins rod lens) made it possible to redesign
      the entire armamentarium of rigid broncho- and esophago- laryngology. The
      introduction of an optical biopsy forceps made tissue sampling more accurate. The
      increased light transmission produces a brighter image and easier perception. The
      larger viewing angle facilitates orientation. The new miniature pediatric
      bronchoscope, with a telescope, changed the pinpoint vision to a panoramic view.
      The optical foreign body forceps is of great help in fast and precise
      manipulations. The indirect laryngoscope proved to be a great investigative tool
      with the capability to obtain, with ease, a movie filmstrip for detailed analysis
      in the outpatient clinic. The introduction of the flexible fiber bronchoscope
      brought new dimensions in tissue sampling of peripheral lesions, treatment of
      pulmonary complications in the intensive care units, and became an important aid
      in intubating patients with difficult anatomy. The possibility to obtain moive
      films and to study our visual findings, at leisure, is an important diagnostic
      and teaching aid.

PMID- 686588
TI  - Epiglottitis. Twenty-year study with tracheotomy.
AB  - One hundred and seventy patients with acute epiglottitis were admitted to the
      Childrens Hospital of Los Angeles between the years 1957 to 1977. No deaths
      occurred in any of these patients, all of whom were treated with tracheotomy to
      support and ensure the airway. The records of 147 of these patients were
      available for review. No serious complications occurred from tracheotomy in any
      of the patients in this study. Tracheotomy is a safe method for caring for the
      airway problem in epiglottitis in a setting such as is available at the Childrens
      Hospital of Los Angeles. The median range of total days with tracheotomy was five
      to six days, and the median range for total days of hospitalization was six to
      seven days. Complications were never severe and in the extreme, merely prolonged
      hospitalization by a few days. This highly lethal disease is curable with
      antibiotics and an artificial airway, and it is questionable whether conservative
      medical measures with observation should be acceptable. The establishment of an
      airway, whether by tracheotomy or endotracheal intubation, is mandatory in the
      treatment of this disease.

PMID- 686589
TI  - Sputum cytologic diagnosis of upper respiratory tract cancer.
AB  - Sputum cytologic testing has been applied in the screening of high-risk
      individuals for presymptomatic lung cancer. This same screening procedure
      sometimes identifies patients with upper respiratory tract cancers and thereby
      may permit earlier treatment. Patients enrolled in the Mayo Lung Project undergo
      sputum cytologic and chest roentgenographic screening at four-month intervals and
      are compared with matched controls who are not intensively screened. Experience
      to date indicates an incidence rate of approximately 1 per 1,000 per year of
      cancer in the upper respiratory and alimentary passages among males more than 45
      years old who are heavy cigarette smokers. This compares with a rate of
      approximately 4 per 1,000 per year of lung cancer. Recognition of early cancer of
      the upper respiratory tract is an additional benefit of screening for lung
      cancer. Since cigarette smoking represents an etiologic agent common to both
      upper and lower respiratory tract cancers, tumors should be searched for in both
      sites in this high-risk population.

PMID- 686590
TI  - Mucociliary transport.
AB  - Our laboratory has developed bronchofiberscopic and roentgenographic techniques
      to measure tracheal, bronchial and nasal mucus velocities in humans and animals.
      We found that inhalation of specific antigen is associated with depression of
      tracheal mucus velocity in dogs who may or may not display bronchospasm and the
      mediator for this phenomenon might be SRS-A. Corroboration of the depression of
      tracheal mucus transport after ragweed inhalation has been obtained in
      susceptible asthmatic patients; prior inhalation of cromolyn blocks this
      reaction. Depression of tracheal mucus transport may be the earliest adverse
      manifestation of cigarette smoking in young subjects. Slowing of mucus transport
      in the bronchi occurs after suctioning with suction catheters; a newly designed
      suction catheter tip, the Aero-Flo, displays less adverse effects on mucus
      velocity than standard end hold and side hole catheters. Nasal mucus velocity is
      enhanced by nasal decongestants, ingestion of hot fluids and exercise.

PMID- 686591
TI  - Effects of various drugs on canine tracheal mucociliary transport.
AB  - A study of the effects of dehydration, atropine, terbutaline and N-acetylcysteine
      on canine tracheobronchial mucus is presented. Mucociliary clearance rates, mucus
      secretion volumes and mucus rheologic properties were studied. Clearance rates
      were studied by a radioisotope technique, mucus collected by a canine "tracheal
      pouch" method and rheologic studies performed on a microrheometer. Clearance rate
      was unaffected by dehydration and terbutaline, increased by N-acetylcysteine and
      decreased by atropine. Secretion volume was increased by terbutaline while
      dehydration and atropine were without effect. Rheologic factors were increased by
      dehydration and atropine while terbutaline was without an effect. The effects of
      N-acetylcysteine on secretion volume and rheologic properties could not be
      studied because of the  nature of the techniques employed.

PMID- 686592
TI  - Vascularized hyoid interposition for subglottic and upper tracheal stenosis.
AB  - Chronic subglottic and upper tracheal stenosis can be treated successfully with
      lumenal augmentation using a vascularized hyoid-sternohyoid muscle interposition
      into the stenotic area. Successful decannulation was achieved in eight of nine
      patients. Follow-up periods varied from 6 months to 36 months. Concomitant
      laryngeal stenosis and vocal cord paralysis were treated successfully at the same
      time. The major complication was occasionally delayed but successful
      decannulation due to granulation tissue. Minimal wound and peritracheal stoma
      infections probably accounted for the granulation tissue.

PMID- 686593
TI  - Aortic arch anomalies in adult disorders of deglutition.
AB  - Congenital vascular anomalies of the aortic arch are unusual etiologies of
      dysphagia in the adult. Swallowing abnormalities associated with compression of
      the esophagus primarily occur at birth or in the immediate neonatal period.
      However, as the result of arteriosclerotic vascular disease or aneurysm
      formation, anomalies which were asymptomatic postnatally may produce dysphagia in
      the adult. A retrospective analysis of 59 cases with aortic arch anomalies
      presenting initially in adulthood revealed characteristic clinical signs and
      symptoms. An aberrant right subclavian artery with left aortic arch was the most
      frequently encountered abnormality. The embryologic development of each vascular
      anomaly is described and the value of selective arteriography with contrast
      esophagography is stressed. Patients with minimal swallowing impairment are
      treated with dietary management alone. Surgical division of the anomalous artery
      is indicated only when severe dysphagia is associated with progressive life
      threatening anorexia and weight loss.

PMID- 686594
TI  - Traumatically acquired conditioned dysphagia in children.
AB  - A new diagnosis identifying a nonorganic basis of dysphagia is proposed in
      relation to behavioral conditioning processes and thereby labeled "conditioned
      dysphagia" (CD). Literature review of both animal and human studies documents
      that rapidly acquired and persistent avoidance responses are learned when
      autonomic functions are contiguous with traumatic physical events. Three case
      studies with primary diagnoses of TE fistula, congenital heart disease and
      pseudobulbar palsy demonstrated an association between CD and early childhood
      incidence of trauma involving the esophagus. Successful treatment was achieved by
      operant deconditioning therapy. Results of a pilot epidemiological study of 28
      postpharyngeal flap surgery children and 47 controls showed significantly higher
      incidence of mild to moderate CD in the surgery group.

PMID- 686595
TI  - Unsuspected foreign bodies of the aerodigestive tract.
AB  - The well-known tendency for children to place loose objects in their months not
      infrequently leads to the entrapment of foreign bodies in the aerodigestive
      tract. With prompt and adequate removal few complications occur. However, when
      the foreign body goes undetected or is neglected the patient may develop
      dysphagia, pneumonia, failure to thrive, lung or mediastinal abscesses,
      bronchopulmonary or bronchoesophageal fistulas, or erosion of major vessels.
      Fifteen cases of retained foreign bodies were identified in a chart review
      between 1971 and 1977 at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, calling
      attention to the problems of aerodigestive foreign bodies of prolonged duration.
      Early and late complications are discussed and early diagnosis and endoscopic
      removal emphasized.

PMID- 686596
TI  - Case for pneumatic dilatation in achalasia.
AB  - A standardized method of performing pneumatic dilatation for the treatment of
      achalasia is described. Twenty-five patients were treated in this manner and 80%
      had excellent results. There was minimal morbidity and no mortality. Pneumatic
      dilatation is recommended as the primary procedure for achalasia as it is a
      simple and safe procedure which avoids unnecessary surgery. Local topical
      anesthesia, rather than general, is utilized and hospitalization time is two
      days, rather than the 14 days required following surgery. The Heller operation
      can be performed when pneumatic dilatation is unsuccessful.

PMID- 686597
TI  - Functional diseases of the esophagus: role of endoscopy.
AB  - The use of endoscopic procedures in the evaluation of primary motor disorders, or
      functional diseases, of the esophagus is filled with both risks and benefits.
      Since both flexible and open-tube esophagoscopy carry a significant risk factor,
      it is necessary to have a clear concept of the indications and value of endoscopy
      in the management of functional diseases of the esophagus. A review of the
      literature reveals very little documentation on the value of endoscopy in
      diagnosing esophageal functional diseases other than Zenker's diverticulum and
      achalasia. Based on the current literature and the experience of the authors,
      observations and recommendations concerning the role of endoscopy in functional
      diseases of the esophagus are presented. These are: 1) In Phase I or upper
      esophageal sphincter dysfunctions, endoscopy contributes little to their
      understanding, is difficult to perform, and may be hazardous. In this group,
      esophagoscopy should be reserved for indications beyond the dysfunction itself.
      If endoscopy has to be performed, open-tube esophagoscopy should be performed by
      an experienced endoscopist. 2) In functional diseases of the esophageal body or
      Phase II dysfunction, endoscopy is frequently valuable. In spastic disorders, it
      helps to differentiate between primary spasm of neuromuscular origin and spasm
      secondary to esophagitis or an obstructive process. In scleroderma and pulsion
      diverticulum, endoscopy helps to identify such unsuspected complications as
      esophagitis, hiatal hernia, and carcinoma. 3) In Phase III or however esophageal
      sphincter dysfunctions, endoscopic examination is essential both to rule out
      organic lesions that stimulate functional disorders, and to determine the
      presence and extent of esophagitis.

PMID- 686598
TI  - Ultraviolet-fluorescence bronchoscopy in early detection of bronchogenic
      carcinoma.
AB  - The still unsatisfactory prognosis of bronchogenic carcinoma prompted the search
      for possibilities of better early and detailed diagnosis. This led us to the idea
      of UV-fluorescence bronchoscopy. The patient inhales 5 ml of an aqueous 5%
      solution of fluorescein, together with a beta2 stimulator, 10-15 minutes before
      the bronchoscopy, by means of a pressure inhaler. While the normal mucous
      membrane cleanses itself by virtue of ciliary action (secretions containing
      fluorescein are expectorated or drawn off during the bronchoscopy), carcinoma,
      carcinomatous lymphangiosis, superficial tumor infiltrations and nonciliated
      metaplasias are stained. These places fluoresce in UV light, even when they
      cannot be observed with the naked eye or with an optical system. In this way,
      they are made visible for directed biospy. Malignant changes not discernible by
      means of the methods hitherto employed can thus be diagnosed and sites determined
      with greater accuracy for proposed resection.

PMID- 686599
TI  - Effect of topical anesthetics on ciliary activity of chicken embryo tracheal
      origin cultures. Study using total immersion and intratracheal injection.
AB  - Because of conflicting reports concerning the effect of topical anesthetics on
      cilia, testing of four different agents was undertaken. The agents were
      hexylcaine 5% (Cyclaine), tetracaine 2% (Pontocaine), cocaine 5% and 10%, and
      lidocaine 4% (Xylocaine). Tracheas were removed from 19 to 20 day old chicken
      embryos. Ciliary activity was graded as to extent and vigor. Two methods of
      testing were used. In the first, dilutions of each agent were made, and tracheal
      rings were placed in the wells of microtiter plates and completely covered with
      the test drug. In the second method of testing, 0.8 ml of the test drug was
      injected in vivo into the exposed trachea of the embryo. In immersion testing,
      cilia stopping effect (CSE) in tracheal rings was noted in all drug dilutions
      tested within 1 to 20 minutes. When the drug was injected directly into the
      trachea, a complete CSE was noted the next day in the rings from the tetracine
      and hexylcaine injected tracheas. Three days following in vivo transtracheal
      injection of lidocaine and cocaine, ciliary activity in these and the control
      rings was similar. Although cilia did not tolerate total immersion in any of the
      agents tested, ciliary activity in tracheas injected with lidocaine and cocaine
      did not differ significantly from the control tracheal rings. Physicians who use
      topical anesthetics should be aware of this.

PMID- 686600
TI  - Biomechanical characteristics of the canine trachea.
AB  - The trachea is a dynamic organ that responds to the demands of deglutition,
      respiration, and gravity. Following tracheal resection, reconstruction should
      allow the trachea to assume its dynamic functions. Experiments in dogs revealed
      that mercury-in-silastic strain gage apparatus can successfully be used to
      measure the biomechanical dynamics of the trachea and subglottis. The upper
      tracheal segments assume a larger stress load than the lower tracheal segments
      following tracheal resection.

PMID- 686601
TI  - Mediastinoscopy: the predictive survival value in staging carcinoma of the lung.
AB  - One hundred and thirty-seven cases of Stage III lung cancer established by
      mediastinoscopy have been followed to determine their survival. The tissue was
      classified according to World Health Organization schema and the degree of
      dedifferentiation graded from well to poorly differentiated. Two percent of the
      presented cases are well-differentiated tumors; the remaining 98% are moderately
      well-differentiated (11%), or poorly differentiated or small cell tumors (87%).
      The degree of anaplasia suggests an increasingly aggressive metastatic behavior
      pattern. The average life span is approximately 5 1/2 months in all groups and
      subgroups which were studied. Recommendations are presented for the utilization
      of mediastinoscopy in Stage I and II cases. Further considerations are suggested
      for priority of diagnostic procedures in establishing the diagnosis of lung
      cancer.

PMID- 686602
TI  - Insufflation esophagoscopy.
AB  - A new electroscope has been designed from the conventional Haslinger tubes. The
      new rigid scope combines the advantage of air insufflation in the flexible system
      with the therapeutic possibilities of the rigid tubes and is trustworthy in the
      following esophageal procedures; a) finding entrance of severe strictures; b)
      introducing nasogastric feeding tubes; c) extraction of foreign bodies; d) tumor
      coagulation/spur in hypopharyngeal diverticuli; e) washing and suction in cases
      with severe food retention; f)making tumor smears in patients with clotting
      disorders; g) taking substantial biopsies with an optical forceps, and h)
      objective photodocumentation of esophageal pathology.

PMID- 686603
TI  - New endotracheal tube for laser surgery of the larynx.

PMID- 686604
TI  - Flexible fiberoptic pediatric bronchoscope. A new instrument.

PMID- 686605
TI  - Suspension microlaryngoscopy in the Boyce position with a new suspension gallows.

PMID- 686606
TI  - Rigid chest support holder.

PMID- 686607
TI  - Lung abscess secondary to esophageal foreign body.

PMID- 686608
TI  - Electrocochleographic study of sudden deafness.
AB  - By performing electrochleography (AP, SP and CM) on 34 patients with sudden
      deafness, it was thought that the pathophysiology of this disease could be
      deduced. The various waveform patterns of AP and SP responses obtained in cases
      of sudden deafness were classified into the following types: 1) AP high response;
      2) decreased AP high response; 3) AP low response; 4) dominant -SP; 5) -SP or
      +SP; and 6) AP, SP no response. The cases showing the type of dominant -SP and AP
      high response had satisfactory prognoses. In these cases the sensory epithelium
      and the cochlear nerve seemed to indicate a reversible condition being affected
      by the temporary functional block. Furthermore, it seemed to indicate that the
      neural regions related to the source of AP(N1) response were impaired in cases in
      which CM were recorded at normal response threshold in spite of the absence of
      AP(N1) response. In the unsatisfactory prognosis cases with decreased AP high
      response, AP low response and AP, SP no response in which only the extremely low
      or depressed CM responses could be recorded, it seemed that the sensory
      epithelium and the cochlear nerve were affected permanently, although the degree
      of impairment varied.

PMID- 686609
TI  - Immunobiology in otolaryngology.

PMID- 686610
TI  - X-ray of the month. Sphenoid sinus mucocele simulating a malignancy.

PMID- 686611
TI  - [Comparative study of hematoporphyrin and psoralen effects on fibroblasts after
      black light irradiation (author's transl)].
AB  - The inhibitory effect of photosensitized substances such as psoralen and
      haematoporphyrin on fibroblast cultures of mice irradiated with black light has
      been studied by autoradiography and scintillation. Psoralen and haematoporphyrin
      used in constant concentrations produce significant changes in the captation of
      thymidin after 8 minutes' time of irradiation. The inhibitory effect of psoralen
      can be superposed to the one produced by haematoporphyrin and is increased when
      both substances intervene at the same time.

PMID- 686612
TI  - [Vertical striated sand-papered twenty-nail dystrophy (author's transl)].
AB  - Vertical striated sand-papered twenty-nail dystrophy, an entity observed in both
      children and adults, is suggestive of an expression of alopecia areata. When the
      vertical striated sand-papered effect is not uniformly distributed over the full
      surface of the nail plates the disorder may be caused by lichen planus.

PMID- 686613
TI  - [Quantitative ultrastructural study of the epidermis basal layer in the vitiligo
      patches and in the marginal hyperchromic and normal skin (author's transl)].
AB  - To avoid any bias, the ultramicroscopic examination was performed by the
      morphologist without knowing whether the material examined was from the vitiligo
      patch or from the marginal hyperpigmented and normal skin. Only at the end of the
      investigation, he was informed about the code of the material. He had also been
      informed about the possibility of receiving skin biopsies from a patient without
      vitiligo, what in fact was done with the inclusion of one case of albinism. Six
      cases of vitiligo have been studied. The melanocytes usually have not been
      observed in the vitiligo patches, where a variable number of Langerhans cells
      were seen. In the melanocytes reached about 17 p. 100 of the cellular population;
      Langerhans cells were absents. In the marginal normal skin the average proportion
      of melanocytes was near 10 p. 100 of the cellular population and the Langerhans
      have been observed only in one case (1.8 p. 100 of the population). Regarding the
      keratinocytes of the marginal hyperpigmented and normal skin, respectively 75 p.
      100 and 59 p. 100 contained melanin; in the vitiligo patches only in one case
      keratinocytes contained melanin (2.8 p. 100 of the keratinocytes population as an
      average).

PMID- 686614
TI  - [Urinary evaluation of 5-S-cysteinyldopa and seric evaluation of IgG4 subclass
      during follow-up of 27 primitive malignant melanomas (author's transl)].
AB  - 27 patients with SSM or NM level IV and V have been submitted to a monthly
      evaluation of their level of 5-S-cysteinyldopa in the urine and IgG4 subclass in
      their sera. For 5 patients who entered the stage II of their disease during the
      follow-up, 3 had elevation of the 5S and 5 had large variations of IgG4. On 21
      patients in clinical remission, 10 had conjunctly an increase of 5S and
      variations of IgG4. The predictional value of these tests is discussed.

PMID- 686615
TI  - [Apocrine cystadenoma. About 3 observations with one balanic localization
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Description of three apocrine cystadenomas: two of the face and scalp and one of
      the glans (urethral meatus and left anterior surface of the navicular fossa) with
      no bibliographical precedent. From a clinico-histological standpoint the
      importance of objective data which make possible the clinical diagnosis is
      stressed allowing light microscope differentiation from eccrine hydrocystoma. The
      histogenesis is exposed and it appears convenient to name (eccrine or apocrine)
      cystadenoma the authentic cystic adenoma (among the organoid hamartoma of the
      cutaneous appendages, while reserving the term (eccrine or apocrine) hydrocystoma
      for glandular cysts. Due to the esthetic and occasionally functional
      repercussion, surgical excision is indicated.

PMID- 686616
TI  - [Stefansky's serodiagnosis and ulcerative and mutilating acropathy (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Systematic Stefansky's serodiagnostic test in the course of ulcero-mutilating
      acropathia reveals a frequent positivity (25/30 patients). Superinfection by
      atypical Mycobacterium of telluric extraction is considered. A delayed
      hypersensibility to several Mycobacterium antigens is proved to Mycobacterium
      kansasii, johnei, balnei. Perhaps, the same type of infection might exist in the
      course of chronic leg ulcers.

PMID- 686617
TI  - [Lamprene (Clofazimine) treatment of chronic lupus erythematoides (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Lamprene (Clofazimine) was administered over a period of three months, at a dose
      of 100 mg to 200 mg per day, to six patients with chronic lupus erythematosus.
      Remission was observed in these six cases, without any side-effect.

PMID- 686618
TI  - [Hypertrichosis in the malformative syndrome of Cornelia de Lange (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Some hypertrichoses are included in polymalformative syndroms. The authors, make
      a brief summary, about an observation of Typus Amstelodamensis.

PMID- 686619
TI  - [Keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans and amino-aciduria (author's
      transl)].
AB  - A new case of keratosis follicularis spinulosa decalvans (Siemens, 1925) in a 12
      1/2 year old boy is related. This X-dominant inherited disturbance of follicular
      keratinization is associated with an amino-aciduria in the propositus and his
      mother, especially an increase of aspartic acid in urin and blood. The scarring
      infundibular plugs are constituted by nucleated keratin, which brightened up in
      polarized light and seems to be of internal trichilemmal origin.

PMID- 686620
TI  - [Dehydration kinetics of isolated stratum corneum by impedance variation
      measurements: effects of different hydrating agents].

PMID- 686621
TI  - [About the crystallographic study of acetylsalicylic acid (author's transl)].

PMID- 686622
TI  - [Research on aminoquinolines. XIX: long chains 4-alkylaminoquinolines amoebicidal
      activity in vivo (author's transl)].

PMID- 686623
TI  - [Chalcones and flavonones deriving from beta-resorcyclic acid. Demethylation of
      dimethoxy-2,4 benzoic acid derivatives (author's transl)].

PMID- 686624
TI  - [Interactions between phytohemagglutinins from various species of Leguminosae and
      immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA and IgM) of normal human serum (author's transl)].

PMID- 686625
TI  - [Action of chlorpromazine, prochlorperazine, metoclopramide and imipramine on
      central vagal stimulation of pancreatic secretion induced by 2-deoxy-D-glucose
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 686626
TI  - [Cinetic of biliary elimination of bepridil after intragastric or intraduodenal
      administration. Influence of different vehicles (author's transl)].

PMID- 686627
TI  - [Contribution to the detection and assay of vinyl chloride eventually present in
      aqueous injectable solutions contained in vinyl polychloride bags (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 686628
TI  - [Chromatographic study of vitamin B5 and its degradation products (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 686629
TI  - [Phenolic components from some species of Grindelia (author's transl)].

PMID- 686630
TI  - [Echocardiographic image of aortic dissections (author's transl)].

PMID- 686631
TI  - [Hemodynamic assessment of the functioning of the natural and prosthetic aortic
      valves by Doppler effect (author's transl)].

PMID- 686632
TI  - [The notion of re-entry in the bundle of His: discussion of three observations
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 686633
TI  - [Myocardial and coronary artery lesions in the acute phase of a first episode of
      myocardial infarct with or without a warning syndrome. Macroscopic anatomical
      study (author's transl)].

PMID- 686634
TI  - [Permanent heart stimulation through left or right subclavian veins (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 686635
TI  - [Primitive myocardiopathy with diffuse alterations of the intramyocardial
      arterioles (author's transl)].

PMID- 686636
TI  - [Traumatic myocardial infarct with obliteration of the right coronary artery
      causing a hemodynamic syndrome with adiastole (author's transl)].

PMID- 686637
TI  - [Giant negative U wave revealing a myocardial ischemia (author's transl)].

PMID- 686638
TI  - [Ergometric surveillance of acebutolol treatment in chronic angina].

PMID- 686639
TI  - Retrograde colonic intussusception in the adult. Report of a case.

PMID- 686640
TI  - Oestrogenic activity associated with ovarian cystadenomas after the menopause.
AB  - In a group of 59 patients over the age of 55 years with ovarian serous and
      mucinous cystadenomas, a total of 29 (49%) showed moderate or strong oestrogenic
      activity as determined by maturation index in vaginal cytologic smears, in
      contrast to nine (13%) of 70 control patients with other gynecological disorders
      than ovarian tumours. The bacterial flora was dominated by Doderlein type bacilli
      in 24 of the 27 test patients with an elevated maturation index, also reflecting
      the abnormal oestogenic activity in these patients. When the serous and mucinous
      cystadenoma groups were compared, a striking difference was found: of the 30
      patients with mucinous cystadenomas, 23 (77%) displayed moderate of strong
      oestrogenic activity, while this was the case with only six (21%) of the 29
      patients with serous cystadenomas. These findings stress the importance of an
      abnormal oestrogenic activity, revealed by an elevated cytologic maturation
      index, as memento for the possibility of post-menopausal ovarian cystadenoma.

PMID- 686641
TI  - Treatment of premalignant lesions of the uterine cervix by means of moderate heat
      thermosurgery using the SEMM coagulator.
AB  - 71 patients suffering from premalignant lesions of the uterine cervix and who
      were treated by the SEMM coagulator, is presented. The results are good, and at
      least equal to cryosurgery. The time of follow-up has been more than 2 years for
      57 of the patients and more than 3 years for 39. Only in two cases has there been
      persistence or recurrence of suspicious cytology requiring new treatment, in one
      of them by conization and in the other by cryosurgery. One patient was
      hysterectomized for other reasons 2 years post-treatment, but no sign of
      persisting malignant or premalignant changes were found in the specimen. The
      method is judged to be a valuable alternative to conization and cryosurgery.

PMID- 686642
TI  - The development of "stagnant loop" syndrome following surgery for peptic ulcer
      disease.
AB  - Although gastric resection may cause a variety of functional gastrointestinal
      disorders, malabsorption is rare. When such a disturbance occurs other
      complicating factors are mostly involved. Two patients who developed a severe
      malabsorption after partial gastric resection are presented. They both had the
      prerequisites for intestinal stasis--one had small bowel diverticula and the
      other a "blind loop" after previous surgery. Their malabsorption was cured by
      surgical correction of stasis.

PMID- 686644
TI  - The hypogammaglobulinemias.
AB  - The immunoglobulin system initially evolved as a defense system to maintain
      genetic stability during evolution. Studies in the past two decades have resulted
      in the elucidation of immunoglobulin structure and the definition of their
      chemical composition. Disorders of immunoglobulin production have led to an
      enhanced understanding of the functional aspects of immunoglobulin chemistry. The
      recognition of these disorders has enhanced our knowledge of antibody specificity
      and led to the development of immunochemical techniques such as radioimmunoassay
      as well as the development of techniques of transplantation and immune
      reconstitution in man.

PMID- 686643
TI  - The excretion of trace metals in human sweat.
AB  - The concentrations of zinc, copper, iron, nickel, cadmium, lead, manganese,
      sodium and chloride in the sweat of six males and three females were determined
      after collections utilizing a total body washdown technique. From our results,
      sweat appears to be an important excretory pathway for zinc and copper. The mean
      concentrations of nickel and cadmium in sweat were higher than those reported for
      urine, that of lead was similar to urine. The loss of manganese in sweat is
      significant. Levels of zinc and iron were lower in sweat from females, possibly
      reflecting compensation for menstrual and other losses. Collections were made in
      six subjects simultaneously utilizing a total body washdown method and
      collections from one arm in an occlusive arm-bag. The arm-bag collection method
      gave higher and more variable results and is not recommended as an indicator of
      loss from the entire skin surface.

PMID- 686645
TI  - Hereditary disorders of albumin synthesis.
AB  - Albumin, the major serum protein, is considered to be responsible for maintenance
      of normal serum colloid osmotic pressure, transport of certain hormones and
      maintaining an endogenous source of amino acids. The acute loss of albumin in the
      nephrotic syndrome leads to severe generalized peripheral edema and difficulties
      in maintenance of normal blood pressure as well as hypocalcemia. Yet, there are
      now 14 reported cases of congenital analbuminemia in which serum albumin is
      absent or greatly reduced without clinical evidence of edema, decreased hormone
      levels or abnormal amino acid requirements. These "experiments of nature" are
      reviewed in detail comparing clinical and laboratory findings in these patients
      with the postulated effects of a low serum albumin level.

PMID- 686646
TI  - Renal handling of proteins and peptides.
AB  - The kidney plays an important role in the metabolism of proteins and peptides.
      Current evidence indicates that only the proximal tubule possesses the mechanisms
      for absorption, transport and/or degradation of these substances. Large proteins
      and polypeptide molecules filtered by the glomerulus, are absorbed from proximal
      tubular fluid by luminal endocytosis into apical vacuoles which fuse with primary
      lysosomes where hydrolysis occurs followed by diffusion of metabolites out of the
      cells and into the blood. Recent evidence indicates that small peptides are
      handled by a different mechanism. It appears that small peptides are degraded at
      the luminal surface of the brush-border of proximal tubules, which contains many
      hydrolytic enzymes, by the process of membrane or contact digestion with
      reabsorption of the breakdown products. Proximal tubular mechanisms for handling
      of proteins and peptides are probably important biologically to conserve amino
      acids, inactive toxic substances and help regulate the circulating level of
      protein and peptide hormones.

PMID- 686647
TI  - Role of metallothioneins in copper transport in patients with Menkes syndrome.
AB  - Fibroblasts from infants with Menkes kinky hair syndrome, which accumulate
      excessive quantities of copper, are thought to represent a disorder of copper
      storage or transport. Because of this abnormality, it was thought that they might
      provide a useful system for investigation of the presumed storage or transport
      protein metallothionein. Data are presented which are consistent with defective
      copper efflux from the mutant cells. Because of the more specific role of
      metallothionein in cadmium detoxification, studies of cadmium metabolism were
      undertaken which demonstrated abnormal cadmium retention and metallothionein
      induction in the mutant cells. The association, therefore, of a defect of cadmium
      metabolism and storage with an abnormality of copper efflux provides evidence
      implicating metallothionein in copper transport for fibroblasts.

PMID- 686648
TI  - An automated bichromatic measurement of serum immunoglobulins.
AB  - A new, rapid, discrete sampling and automated bichromatic procedure for the
      measurement of various soluble antigen-antibody complexes of immunoglobulins is
      described. The incorporation of polymeric substances and salts into the reaction
      mixture has greatly increased the sensitivity, shortened the reaction time and
      decreased the cost of the tests. Statistical analyses of data from this method
      have shown them to correlate well with values obtained by a radial
      immunodiffusion procedure. The automated procedure is simple and specific, it can
      be run at a rate of 90 specimens an hour.

PMID- 686649
TI  - Plasma steroid dynamics in Cushing's syndrome.
AB  - The dynamics of five plasma steroids were studied by CPB and RIA in twenty
      patients with Cushing's syndrome of differing etiologies: pituitary induced
      adrenal hyperplasia (10), recurrence after adrenal surgery or pituitary
      irradiation (4), adrenal carcinoma (4) and adrenal adenoma (2). Basal mean values
      of plasma steroids, showed increase of cortisol in hyperplasia and cancer groups,
      increase of 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OH-P) in recurrence and cancer groups and
      decrease of testosterone in male patients. In hyperplasia, the changes in 11
      desoxycortisol and 17-OH-P (respectively by CPB assay and RIA after LH-20
      Sephadex separation) were the reverse of those for cortisol 2 h and 24 h after
      metyrapone administration. Adrenalectomy determined in all but one patients,
      significant decrease of cortisol and in male patients, parallel gradual increase
      of testosterone.

PMID- 686650
TI  - Thyroglobulin complementary DNA as a means to investigate congenital goiters with
      impaired thyroglobulin synthesis.
AB  - A congenital goiter with impaired thyroglobulin synthesis has been investigated
      for the presence of messenger RNA coding for thyroglobulin. Using complementary
      DNA to beef 33 S thyroglobulin mRNA as a probe, we have found that thyroglobulin
      related sequences are present in the goiter but at a concentration lower than in
      normal human thyroids. We conclude that the disease is not due to a complete
      deletion of thyroglobulin gene.

PMID- 686651
TI  - [Hypertrophy and hyperplasia of hyperactive thyroid cells: hormonal secretion is
      independent of apical phagocytosis (author's transl)].
AB  - Hyperactive thyroid are obtained by daily injections of TSH 15 I.U. I.M. in dogs
      for 8 days. The high secretion rate of butanol-extractible iodide (BE125I) in
      vitro by prelabelled slices is not related to apical phagocytosis (lack of apical
      pseudopods and intracellular colloid droplets, insensitivity to cytochalasin,
      vinblastine, vincristine and colchicine). The secretory process is insensitive to
      metabolic inhibitors, decreases exponentially with the temperature without step
      transition and could be related to micropinocytosis.

PMID- 686652
TI  - [Sialic acid content of human thyroglobulins iodinated at different levels
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Sialic acid and iodine content were measured on 53 thyroglobulins from normal and
      pathological tissues. Sialic acid is significantly decreased in isolated cold
      nodules, and highly reduced in hot nodules and toxic adenomas. In these
      pathological situations, sialic acid defect could interfere with the iodination
      of the molecule.

PMID- 686653
TI  - [Amiodarone-induce "low T3-syndrome" (author's transl)].
AB  - Amiodarone induces in patients "low T3-syndrome" characterized by normal T4. T3
      resin uptake and free T3, contrasting with low T3 and free T4 values, and
      enhanced concentration of r-T3.

PMID- 686654
TI  - Unusual features of thyroid function in anterior pituitary failure.
AB  - Endocrinological studies have been performed in 40 cases of adult
      hypopituitarism. In 5 cases, unusual features of thyroid function were observed,
      characterized by the coexistence of low levels of circulating thyroid hormones
      with a normal thyroid uptake and in 4 cases, a significant secretion of TSH.

PMID- 686655
TI  - [Pathogenesis of endemic goiter: evidence of a dietary factor different from
      iodine deficiency (author's transl)].
AB  - The role of cassava was investigated in particularly severe endemic goiter area
      (Ubangi). Dietary intake of cassava induces an increase of plasma thiocyanate
      concentration and an increase of urinary excretion of stable iodine. Generalized
      iodine deficiency induces very high thyroid uptakes; the other parameters of
      thyroid function are more or less affected according to the dietary intake of
      thiocyanate. When thiocyanate intake is high an adaptation is obtained only at
      the expense of a drop of plasma T4 level and very high increase of plasma TSH.

PMID- 686656
TI  - [Plasma oxytocin levels during lactation (author's transl)].
AB  - During suckling, endogenous plasma oxytocin levels were repeatedly determined by
      RIA. They showed rapid fluctuations varying from 10 to 129 muU/ml. This suggests
      spurt releases of ocytocin of an order of magnitude of 10 to 100 mU.

PMID- 686657
TI  - [Lipidogen effect of sorbitol with saturated fat in the diet of the male rat
      (author's transl)].
AB  - In the male rat, sorbitol, beef fat nor M.C.T. in the diet provoke
      hypertriglyceridemia but the association sorbitol-beef fat and sorbitol-M.C.T.
      significantly rise the triglyceridemia and the cholesterolemia. In the castrated
      male rat estrogens provoke a considerable rise of the triglyceridemia and the
      cholesterolemia with the diet enriched in M.C.T. but not modify the
      hypertriglyceridemia and the hypercholesterolemia provoked with the diet enriched
      with the association sorbitol-T.C.M.

PMID- 686658
TI  - Metabolism of testosterone by isolated semiferous tubules and interstitial tissue
      of rat testes.
AB  - In prepubertal rat testes the main metabolisation of testosterone, which consists
      in 5alpha-reduction, is located predominantly in the Leydig-cells and is low in
      the seminiferous tubules. In adult rats, this metabolisation pattern has shifted
      to increased 7alpha-hydroxylation which is located mainly in the Leydig-cells,
      while 5alpha-reduction is performed in the seminiferous tubules. After prolonged
      treatment with HCG the 7alpha-hydroxylase activity in the Leydig-cells is
      strongly depressed while the metabolism of the seminiferous tubules is not
      influenced.

PMID- 686659
TI  - Influence of prolonged HCG administration on testicular steroids of
      hypophysectomized rats.
AB  - Prolonged administration of HCG provokes both in normal and in hypophysectomized
      rats a shift of testosterone metabolism in incubated testes from predominating
      hydroxylation to reduction processes, indicating that this HCG effect can occur
      in the absence of the hypophysis.

PMID- 686660
TI  - Gastrin secretion in Addison's disease.
AB  - Out of a score of patients known as suffering from Addison's disease,
      tuberculosis was the cause in 7, and their serum fasting gastrin levels were
      normal, averaging 52 pg/ml. For the 14 remaining cases, with the auto-immune
      variety of the disease, there were high gastrin levels in 3; in 2 out the 11
      others, with values within the normal range, there was total achlorhydria. Could
      it be that gastrin-secreting cells might occasionally be involved in auto-immune
      endocrine disorders?

PMID- 686661
TI  - [Serum thyroid hormones in hyperthyroid patients treated with carbimazole
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Serum thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) and thyrotropin (T.S.H.) were
      measured in 32 hyperthyroid patients treated with carbimazole. A discrepancy
      between serum T4 AND T3 was present in 73 of 131 measurements: --normal T3 with
      increased T4 in 6 measurements; --increased T3 with normal T4 in 16 measurements:
      five times only there was a clinical hyperthyroidism; --normal T3 with decreased
      T4 in 49 measurements: three times only there was a clinical hypothyroidism.
      Serum T.S.H. level was increased in 13 of 19 measurements made in this group,
      state named "compensated hypothyroidism" according to Patel and Burger.

PMID- 686662
TI  - Variations in the lung size of children in Papua New Guinea: genetic and
      environmental factors.
AB  - In Papua New Guinea, rural village children of both sexes living in the highlands
      (1500--2000 m) were found to have mean values of forced vital capacity 27 per
      cent greater than children at sea level. Urban children with an apparently lower
      level of habitual activity had a lung size similar to that of rural children
      living at the same altitude. In a number of healthy children of coastal parents
      reared in the highlands and of highland parents reared on the coast, the size of
      the lung was, in general, appropriate for the altitude rather than for the
      parentage. These findings suggest that the highland--coastal difference is
      probably environmental rather than genetic in origin.

PMID- 686663
TI  - The effects of protein supplementation on the growth and skeletal maturation of
      New Guinean school children.

PMID- 686664
TI  - Body size and form of children of predominantly black ancestry living in West and
      Central Africa, North and South America, and the West Indies.
AB  - Stature, sitting height, hip width, arm and calf circumferences and body weight
      have been measured in black children of Richland County, South Carolina. Lower
      limb height and three indices of body shape were obtained from the measurements.
      Sample size exceeded 200 for each of five age-sex groups representing girls and
      boys aged 6 years, girls and boys aged 9 years, and boys aged 11 years.
      Comparisons are made with findings from previous research on children of
      predominantly black ancestry living in west and central Africa, the West Indies,
      and North, Central and South America. Black children of Richland County measured
      during 1974--77 are taller than black children studied since 1960 in Angola,
      Chad, Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal, Uganda, Anguilla, Barbados, Cuba, Guyana,
      Jamaica, Nevis, St. Kitts, St. Vincent, and Surinam. Children of well-to-do black
      families in Accra and Ibadan are no taller or heavier than black children of
      Richland County taken without regard to socio-economic status. In hip width,
      averages for Richland County black children are larger than those for children of
      the Hutu and Yoruba tribes; in arm girth they are larger than children of the
      Hutu and Tutsi tribes. Age changes and group differences are reported for hip
      width relative to lower limb height, and lower limb height relative to sitting
      height. During childhood, the hip/lower limb index decreases, and the lower
      limb/sitting height index increases. Almost identical hip/lower limb indices
      characterize black populations in Africa, Cuba, and the United States.

PMID- 686665
TI  - Handedness, hand-clasping and arm-folding in Israeli males.
AB  - Comparative analysis of handedness, hand-clasping and arm-folding frequencies in
      four groups of adult Israel Jewish males of East European origin (N=562), Central
      European origin (N=165), Middle Eastern origin (N=191), and North African origin
      (N=163), indicates a significant similarity between the groups. A high percentage
      of left-handed individuals was observed in all groups except the Middle Eastern
      one. Right-hand clasping and left arm-folding predominated in all but the Central
      European group in which left hand-clasping predominated. When a comparison is
      made between individuals born in Eastern Europe and those born in Israel to
      parents of East European origin, the frequency of left handedness was
      considerably higher among the latter. This may be attributed to an inhibitory
      effect of the educational system on the expression of sinistrality in the first
      sub-group. Relationships between handedness and hand-clasping and between hand
      clasping and arm-folding was also observed.

PMID- 686666
TI  - Growth of schoolchildren with early, average and late ages of peak height
      velocity.
AB  - A sample of Swedish urban schoolchildren (357 girls, 373 boys) born in 1954/55
      followed from 10 to 18 years were grouped according to peak height velocity age
      (PHV age) into early, average and late maturers. Mean heights differed between
      the maturity groups at ages from 10.0 to 14.0 years for girls and 10.5 to 17.0
      years for boys. Mean weights differed between the maturity groups at all ages up
      to 16.0 years for girls and up to 18.0 years for boys. The earlier the maturity
      process, the heavier for given height. The time differences between peak weight
      velocity (PWV) and PHV significantly differed between early, average and late
      maturers amounting to 0.9, 0.5 and 0.2 years respectively for girls and 0.6, 0.3
      and -0.1 years respectively for boys. The time difference between menarche and
      PWV did not differ between the maturity groups and amounted to about 0.6 +/- 0.05
      years (SD = 0.9). For boys a similar lack of difference between maturity groups
      was obtained concerning the time difference between secondary sex
      characteristics; stage 4 (SSC IV) and PWV. Mean height and weight for girls and
      boys differed between the maturity groups at PHV but not at PWV, menarche or SCC
      IV.

PMID- 686667
TI  - The hypothenar radial arch and parathenar loop in palmar dermal topology: sex,
      bimanual and regional variation in samples from the British Isles.
AB  - Consideration is given to the regular recording of parathenar distal loops (Pa)
      and hypothenar radial arches (Ar) in palmar dermal topology. Frequencies are
      given for four British populations (the North Pennine Dales, the Mid Welsh
      Borderland, Pembrokeshire and Ireland) and regional variation noted together with
      sex and bimanual differences. Both Pa and Ar occur infrequently in normal
      populations, generally in less than 5% of individuals, Pa significantly less than
      Ar. Both attributes are similar in that they are significantly more common on
      right than left hands and in females than males. Three out of twelve comparisons
      between the North Pennine Dales, Welsh Borderland and Pembrokeshire data attained
      formal significance, in each case in the males. The former two regions were
      distinguished for both Pa and Ar; the latter two for Ar. This is more than
      expected by chance at the 5% level.

PMID- 686668
TI  - Regression to the mean.

PMID- 686669
TI  - The esterase D polymorphism in patients with diabetes or carcinoma of the bladder
      and a matched sample of non-donor controls.
AB  - Results are reported for the Esterase D polymorphism in a sample of the general
      population from the Durham area. Gene frequencies agree well with those
      previously reported from the north of England. No differences are revealed when
      the sample is subdivided on the basis of age. No significant differences are
      observed between this sample and two disease series from the same region, one
      with diabetes, the other with carcinoma of the bladder. This holds true when the
      disease groups are considered with regard to current age, age at diagnosis, and
      in the case of the diabetic, current treatment.

PMID- 686670
TI  - Sex and lateral asymmetry of the finger ridge-count.

PMID- 686671
TI  - Variation in blood pressure in a New Guinea population.
AB  - The contributions of age and anthropometric, biochemical and socio-economic
      variables to blood pressure variation in the population of Karkar Island, Papua
      New Guinea are examined. Blood pressure does not change with age in males; in
      females there is a decline from ages 21 to 40 and an increase (in systolic
      pressure) thereafter. Body weight and skinfold thicknesses decline with age in
      females; arm circumferences decline in both sexes. There were no age effects on
      serum cholesterol or serum sodium. Variation in ponderal index and subcutaneous
      fat contribute to variation in blood pressure. The correlations of blood pressure
      with physique are more important in males and the particular variables concerned
      suggest a nutritional basis. The socio-economic variables examined showed little
      variation and this was not associated with variation in blood pressure.

PMID- 686672
TI  - A multinational Andean genetic and health program: growth and development in an
      hypoxic environment.
AB  - In 1972 a multidisciplinary study sought to assess the health status of the
      indigenous peoples of the Department of Arica in northern Chile, the Aymara, and
      to relate disease, morphological, physiological and biochemical variation, to the
      wide changes in altitude of the region. Presented here are the morphological
      changes which accompany age, altitude and ethnicity amoung 1047 children and
      adults, permanent residents of the coast, sierra and altiplano. At comparable
      ages, high-altitude residents were shorter, lighter and leaner but with more
      expansive and rounder chests than sea-level controls. None of these effects was
      systematically related to ethnicity (Spanish-Aymara surname), although when
      stature was held constant, children with greater Aymara ancestry had largest
      chest circumferences and longer bones. These results suggest that (1) altitude
      confers allometric growth changes (expensive growth of the chest and diminished
      growth of the structures less related to oxygen transport); and (2) size changes
      associated with altitude are acquired during development while shape changes may
      be under genetic control. Altitude appears to account for less of the variation
      in growth in this relatively homogeneous Chilean sample than has been reported
      for other Andean samples, suggesting other concomitants confounding the effects
      of hypoxia in Andean South America.

PMID- 686673
TI  - The effects of sex, birthweight, birth order and maternal age on infant mortality
      in a Nigerian community.
AB  - Corrected registration returns in a rural area of Nigeria show that the average
      infant mortality rate during one five year period was 88.2 per 1000 per annum.
      The rate was 89.4 per 1000 for females, which did not differ significantly from
      that of 87.0 per 1000 for males. There were significant variations in the rates
      by maternal age and by birth order. Forty-two per cent of the infant deaths were
      of low birth-weight, the mortality rate among this group being approximately six
      times as high as for those with greater weights.

PMID- 686674
TI  - A study of phenotypic arrays derived from seven genetic systems in an Australian
      population sample.
AB  - The phenotypic arrays for seven erythrocyte antigenic systems of a sample of the
      Melbourne population were found to be distributed according to Zipf's Law. A
      simple model of heterozygote selective advantage was unable to account for the
      excess of observed frequencies of arrays over those expected under the random
      mating hypothesis. Persons with (ccDEe, MMss) were over-represented and those
      with (A1, MNSs P1--) were under-represented in the sample.

PMID- 686675
TI  - A critical analysis of the double and triple logistic growth curves.
AB  - Recently a model of human growth from the age of one year to maturity, based on
      two logistic terms, has been proposed. The originators of the model claim that it
      provides biologically meaningful parameters, and allows total growth to be
      partitioned into a pre-pubertal and an adolescent component. More recently, they
      have suggested an improved model, with three logistic terms, which gives a better
      fit. While the double logistic model gives an adequate fit to the observed height
      curve, differentiating it leads to a height velocity curve which differs
      considerably from the observed velocity curve. The triple logistic model gives an
      excellent fit to both the attained height and height velocity curves. Both
      models, however, imply a considerable time interval during which both the pre
      pubertal and adolescent components are simultaneously contributing to growth, a
      situation that is difficult to justify biologically. The double model should
      therefore be discarded, and the triple logistic model considered to be of
      descriptive, rather than of interpretative, value.

PMID- 686676
TI  - Transient environmental changes and age-limited genes as causes of variation in
      sib-sib and parent-offspring correlations.
AB  - Correlations between 116 adult siblings in soft tissue measurements (weight,
      muscle, fat) diminished with increasing age difference between members of a
      sibling pair. This did not occur for bone measurements. The estimated
      heritabilities of the latter are less likely to vary among samples drawn from
      different environments than are estimated heritabilities of soft tissue.

PMID- 686677
TI  - Differential inhibition of the products of the human alkaline phosphatase loci.
AB  - 1. Inhibition studies have been carried out on a series of ALPs derived from
      liver, bone, kidney, placenta and intestine, using L-phenylalanine, L
      homoarginine, L-leucine, L-leucyl-glycyl-glycine and L-phenylalanyl-glycyl
      glycine as inhibitors. 2. No differences between liver, bone and kidney ALPs with
      any of the inhibitors were observed. 3. L-phenylalanine and L-homoarginine give a
      major degree of discrimination between liver/bone/kidney ALP on the one hand, and
      placental and intestinal ALPs on the other. L-leucyl-glycyl-glycine and L
      phenylalanyl-glycyl-glycine give a major degree of discrimination between
      placental ALP on the one hand, and intestinal ALP and liver/bone/kidney ALP on
      the other. L-leucine discriminates between the three classes, but to a lesser
      degree. Minor degrees of discrimination between placental and intestinal ALPs
      occur with L-phenylalanine and L-homoarginine and between intestinal and
      liver/bone/kidney ALPs with L-leucyl-glycyl-glycine and L-phenylalanyl-glycyl
      glycine. By using an appropriate combination of inhibitors the ALPs can be
      separated into three clearly distinct categories: placental, intestinal and
      liver/bone/kidney. 4. The six common placental ALP phenotypes as defined by
      electrophoresis show identical inhibition profiles with the series of inhibitors.
      The same profile was found for several rare electrophoretic variants. However,
      two rare electrophoretic variants (P-187 and P-92) each encountered once in a
      sample of 225 plancentae, showed significantly deviant inhibitions with the
      various inhibitors and also differed from each other. From the electrophoretic
      patterns, both of these rare phenotypes appear to be heterozygotes. P-187
      probably corresponds to the so-called D-variant previously described. P-92
      represents a new type of placental ALP variant with an aberrant inhibition
      profile. In both cases the particular rare allele concerned evidently alters the
      primary structure of the enzyme so that it has an altered electrophoretic
      mobility and also an altered sensitivity to inhibition for each of the different
      inhibitors. 5. Treatment of the various ALPs with neuraminidase to remove sialic
      acid residues does not affect their inhibition characteristics or activities.

PMID- 686678
TI  - Characteristics of simple sibship variance tests for the detection of major loci
      and application to height, weight and spatial performance.
AB  - Simple methods have been proposed as screening tests for major loci. These
      methods rely primarily upon the detection of differences in within sibship
      variances expected for segregating and non-segregating sibships when a major
      locus is present. In the present study, computer simulation was used to
      investigate power and robustness of the test statistics. Power of the analyses
      depends upon the specific major locus model, but, in general, their application
      is quite practical for small samples. The test statistics were shown to be
      sensitive to deviations from normality, but robust under the conditions of either
      a polygenic or environmental model. Application of the test procedures to sibship
      data from the Boulder Family Study led to significant results for a three
      dimensional spatial rotation test, but results for height and weight were non
      significant. The simplest interpretation of the results for the spatial
      performance test was in terms of a sex-linked major locus.

PMID- 686679
TI  - Search for heterozygosis in quantitative characters.
AB  - A method is described of searching for heterozygotes in a quantitative character,
      based on the idea that heterozygotes have more variable children than
      homozygotes. The variability in a set of sibs is therefore partitioned into
      components from the mother and father, using a least squares technique; a large
      component indicates a probably heterozygous parent. The method is tried out on
      dermatoglyphic data.

PMID- 686680
TI  - A note on assortative mating, linkage and genotypic frequencies.
AB  - It is shown that in the equilibrium position with respect to the assortative
      mating process given by Fisher's (1918) model, the population is in linkage
      disequilibrium, contrary to a result given by Vetta (1975).

PMID- 686681
TI  - The correlation between relatives with assortative mating.
AB  - The equilibrium correlation between various close relatives is calculated for
      phenotypic assortative mating for a character determined by additive loci without
      dominance and an uncorrelated environment. It is supposed that the phenotypes of
      spouses have a bivariate normal distribution and environment and heredity are
      normally distributed. Heredity is Gaussian if either there are many alleles with
      approximately normally distributed effects at each of an arbitrary number of loci
      or the trait is controlled by many loci, each of which makes only a small
      contribution. It is also assumed that the regression of the phenotype or genotype
      of an individual on the phenotype or genotype of any one of his relatives is
      linear. The results show that with the above assumptions Fisher's formulae for
      the correlation between relatives hold with no restrictions on the linkage map.

PMID- 686682
TI  - Heritability of stature in a West African population.
AB  - Heritability of stature in a West African population is calculated from
      longitudinal data collected over 26 years. Statistical and analytical
      difficulties encountered in the study include those due to variation in stature
      with age, sex, recording and measuring, variation in number of offspring,
      variation in number of spouses, and heterogeneity of within-sibship variances.
      The structure of the population allows a half-sib analysis which is particularly
      useful in interpretation of the intrafamilial correlations and regressions. The
      heritability estimate of 0.6 appears lower than that from studies in European
      populations. The environmental contribution to the stature variance is
      pronounced, but is not unexpected in the light of the rigours of the traditional
      way of life in West African surroundings.

PMID- 686683
TI  - Diabetes mellitus among first- and second-degree relatives of early onset
      diabetics.
AB  - This study is based on a material consisting of all first-degree relatives and a
      group of second-degree relatives (all nieces and nephews) of 187 propositi
      affected by early onset (i.e. at or prior to 20 years of age) diabetes mellitus,
      diagnosed before 1946. The incidence of diabetes among the different groups of
      relatives is expressed as the risk of developing the disease at specified ages.
      It is concluded that the risk of siblings or children of early-onset diabetics
      developing the same disease is about ten times that of a normal population chosen
      for comparison, whereas the risk of siblings developing diabetes later in life
      does not differ from this normal population. On the basis of the data presented
      here, combined with reanalyses of previously published data from other authors,
      it is concluded that early onset and late onset diabetes cannot have an identical
      genetic background.

PMID- 686684
TI  - The origin of human triploids.
AB  - A series of 26 triploid foetuses was ascertained in a survey of spontaneous
      abortuses and the origin of the additional haploid complement determined in 21 of
      them by the study of foetal and parental heteromorphisms. In 17 the additional
      haploid set was paternal in origin, in 3 it was maternal in origin and in one the
      parental origin could not be determined. The best fit for the data using a
      maximum-likelihood method was that 66.4% of the triploids were the result of
      dispermy, 23.6% the result of fertilization of a haploid ovum by a diploid sperm
      formed by failure of the first meiotic division in the male and 10% the result of
      a diploid egg formed by failure of the first maternal meiotic division. The
      possible sources of error inherent in the technique are reviewed and our results
      compared with previously published data.

PMID- 686685
TI  - On the probability of demonstrating differential fertility in genetic studies.
AB  - Computer simulation has been used to investigate the probability of detecting
      genetic differences in fertility in small cohorts. It was found that in cohorts
      of size 200 which have the demographic characteristics of females born in the
      United States in 1921--5, the probability is approximately 0.50 of detecting, by
      analysis of variance, either a 20% reduction in the monthly probability of
      conception or a 15--20% increase in the rate of foetal loss in the first month
      after conception. Consideration is given to the relative sensitivities of various
      observable measures of fertility to variation in underlying fertility components.

PMID- 686686
TI  - An incorrect definition of fitness revisited.
AB  - I have attempted to show that a certain mistaken definition of fitness, which
      surfaces occasionally, may turn out to have some merit. No claim is made that it
      is an improvement on, or should replace, the conventional definition of fitness;
      but it is different and has its own validity. Its generality is intriguing, its
      application is not limited either to selection or one locus models, and it may be
      easier to measure experimentally.

PMID- 686687
TI  - The generalized sib pair IBD distribution: its use in the detection of linkage.
AB  - General expression for the distribution of identity by descent (IBD) scores at a
      marker locus have been derived given neither, one or both sibs affected with a
      disorder determined by a linked trait locus with arbitrary gene frequency and
      penetrance vector. It is shown that the distirbution of IBD scores depends only
      on the additive and dominance variances and the population prevalence of the
      disorder. A one-sided test is suggested as an appropriate means of statistically
      testing the hypothesis that the recombination fraction is significantly less than
      1/2. This sib pair approach is designed primarily to detect the presence of a
      critical disease susceptibility locus but when the assumptions of the
      incompletely penetrant single locus model are correct the methodology proposed
      here results in consistent estimates of the recombination fraction. The affected
      sib pair methodology seems especially suited to traits determined by single loci
      with non-Mendelian transmission.

PMID- 686688
TI  - Ancestral inference. I. The problem and the method.
AB  - A method for inferring the ancestral genotypes for the founders of a population
      is developed. This method uses the algorithms for the computation of
      probabilities on pedigrees of arbitrary complexity, developed by Cannings et al.
      (1978) and implemented by Thompson (1977b). When characteristics are simply
      determined by underlying genotypes the inference problem is simplified, and
      larger and more complex pedigrees may therefore be analysed. The problem of
      estimating the allele frequencies to be used in computing prior genotype
      probabilities for those founders on whom a likelihood function is not required is
      discussed. The same method allows us to compute extinction probabilities for any
      combination of original founder genes; these probabilities are interesting
      parameters of pedigree structure, which, since they relate to the actual genes
      present in a population, help to provide a clearer understanding of observed
      distributions of autosomal traits.

PMID- 686689
TI  - [Biological method of identifying antibiotic substances at an early screening
      stage].
AB  - A biological method was used in addition to the chemical methods of
      identification in the screening programme of new antibiotics. The method consists
      of evaluation of the effect of the crude antibiotic preparations on microbial
      forms resistant to various antibiotics. The efficiency of the biological method
      is shown. It provides more complete and rapid characterization of the properties
      of the new antibiotics and their rough identification at early screening stages.

PMID- 686690
TI  - [Separation of novobiocin, isnovobiocin and descarbamyl novobiocin by a thin
      layer chromatographic method].
AB  - A thin-layer chromatographic method for separation of novobiocin, isonovobiocin
      and descarbamylnovobiocin using Silufol plates was developed. The method is
      simple and rapid. It provided clear separation of the components and using of
      diethyl ether, a simple individual separating solvent. The method allowed
      determination of novobiocin and the products of its isomerization in the
      fermentation broth, extracts and dry substances, as well as performance of
      operative control and regulation of the technological processes of fermentation
      and chemical purification of novobiocin.

PMID- 686691
TI  - [Directed isolation of Micromonospora generic cultures on a selective medium with
      gentamycin].
AB  - The results of using selective media with gentamicin for directed isolation of
      Micromonospora are presented. It was shown that the use of the selective media
      with gentamicin for isolation of actinomycetes from soils of usual humidity
      levels markedly increased the frequency of Micronomonospora detection. The use of
      the selective media with gentamicin for plating out silt substrates containing
      mainly Micromonospora had practically no effect on the increase in the number of
      the Micromonospora cultures grown. The number of antibiotic-producing
      Micromonospora isolated on the media with gentamicin was 3 times higher than that
      on the control media. The use of the selective media with gentamicin provided
      directed isolation of Micromonospora.

PMID- 686692
TI  - [Directed isolation of Micromonospora generic cultures from moist soils and
      silts].
AB  - The data on the study of various soils and substrates for isolation of
      Micromonospora from them are presented. It was shown that Micromonospora
      predominated in moist soils and especially in such substrates as silts where
      their content with respect to the all actinomycetous isolates amounted to 88.9
      per cent. In the silts the content of Micromonospora amounted to 66.6--83 per
      cent, in the sopromely its content was 66 per cent, while in the ordinary non
      moist soil its content was from 6 to 11 per cent. Predominance of Micromonospora
      in silts and moist soils makes its directed search possible.

PMID- 686693
TI  - [Data on the conditions for the prolonged storage of Micromonospora generic
      cultures].
AB  - Data on studying various conditions for prolonged storage of Micromonospora are
      presented. It was shown that Micromonospora were satisfactorily stored under
      conditions of all maintenance methods used. The optimal methods were the
      following: storage of Micromonospora on agarized media under a layer of vaseline
      oil, storage of Micromonospora in the form of a mature submerged culture on
      liquid media optimal for its growth and development. Stimulating effect of low
      temperature on the spore germination was shown.

PMID- 686694
TI  - [Standardization of the methods of determining microorganism sensitivity to
      antibiotics. The importance of the method of interpreting the results in
      determining microorganism sensitivity to antibiotics].
AB  - The significance of the methods of the data interpretation for determination of
      the microbial sensitivity to antibiotics is discussed. A necessity for using semi
      quantitative or quantitative systems of calculation instead of qualitative
      interpretation of the inhibition growth zone diameters is presented. It is shown
      that the use of the standard nutrient medium for determination of the antibiotic
      sensitivity in the laboratory practice may be a base for applying the methods of
      interpretation of the diffusion test data.

PMID- 686695
TI  - [Sensitivity of the causative agent of tularemia to antibiotics].
AB  - Sensitivity of the tularemia causative agent of different geographical races to
      antibiotics such as streptomycin, tetracycline, gentamicin, rifampicin (20
      strains), ampicillin, polymyxin M, erythromycin, oleandomycin (361 strains) and
      lincomycin (294 strains) was studied. High sensitivity of the tularemi a microbe
      to streptomycin, tetracycline, rifampicin (MIC of 10 gamma/ml), gentamicin (MIC
      of 1 gamma/ml) and resistance to 50 gamma of ampicillin and 1000 gamma/ml of
      polymyxin M were found. Combined use of 50 gamma of ampicillin and 100 gamma/ml
      of polymyxin M added to the nutrient medium for growth inhibition of the foreign
      flora on isolation of the tularemia causative agent from the infected material
      including stable laboratory animal carcases was recommended. Marked differences
      in sensitivity of the strains of different geographical races to the macrolides
      and lincomycin were observed. The strains of the non-Arctic and Central Asiatic
      races were of low resistance to the above drugs (the MIC of erythromycin,
      oleandomycin and lincomycin were 10--50, 50--400 and 25--100 gamma/ml
      respectively. Within the holarctic race 40 per cent were low resistant and 60 per
      cent were highly resistant to these drugs. The above drugs should not be used for
      treatment of tularemia cases.

PMID- 686696
TI  - [Drug resistance stability in staphylococci under different conditions. The
      mechanism of the recovery of streptomycin sensitivity of a staphylococcal
      population in patients 7 months after hospital discharge].
AB  - A method for analysis of antibiotic sensitivity restoration in staphylococcal
      populations in humans is described. The mechanism of streptomycin sensitivity
      restoration in staphylococcal populations on the nasal mucosa of 59 patients 7
      months after discharging from surgical stationary was studied. Quantitative
      estimates for loss of superinfecting streptomycin-resistant staphylococci,
      initial streptomycin-resistant staphylococci and resistance determinants by the
      initial streptomycin-resistant staphylococci are presented.

PMID- 686697
TI  - [Argasid tick lysozyme action on HEp-2 cells].
AB  - The cytotoxic effect on Argasidae lysozyme was shown on a model of cell line HEp
      2 in comparison to egg lysozyme. The lysozyme was obtained from homogenates of
      Ornithodoros papillipes of subfamily Ikodoidea. The lysozyme in concentrations of
      300 and 500 gamma/ml had a cytotoxic effect, while in doses of 50 and 100
      gamma/ml it has no such activity. The cells of line FL were not sensitive to the
      above concentrations of the lysozyme. In concentrations of 500 gamma/ml and
      higher the egg lysozyme had an analogous cytotoxic effect on the cells of line
      Hep-2. The comparative study of the cariogrammes of the cell monolayer treated
      with the Argasidae and egg lysozymes, as well as the study of the level of 3H
      thimidine incorporation into the cell DNA showed the absence of the preparations
      effect of the mitotic activity of the cells and DNA synthesis by them.

PMID- 686698
TI  - [Biochemical shifts in the nuclear membranes of the kidneys of dogs after the
      prolonged intravenous administration of amphotericin B].
AB  - The protein composition of the nuclear membranes of the dog kidneys after
      intravenous infusion of amphotericin B in a dose of 3 mg/kg and sodium
      desoxycholate in a dose of 1.2 mg/kg for 8 days was studied. It was found that
      administration of amphotericin B and sodium desoxycholate was accompanied by
      pronounced changes in the membrane proteins. The changes were evident from a
      decreased content of histones in the nuclear membranes, elimination of the high
      molecular components, a decreased quantitative content of some fractions and
      appearance of low molecular bands. The effect of sodium desoxycholate on the
      nuclear membrane proteins was shown to be less pronounced than that of
      amphotericin B. The significance of the data is discussed in connection with high
      toxicity of polyenic antibiotics. The data provide elucidation of the causes of
      the nephrotoxic effect of the polyenic antibiotics.

PMID- 686699
TI  - [Experimental study of the action of olivomycin on a melanoblastoma of the
      vascular tract of the eye].
AB  - A total of 66 experiments were performed with a purpose of studying the effect of
      olivomycin on the melanoblastoma cells of the human eye vascular tract.
      Heterotransplants of the human eye vascular tract melanoblastoma in the anterior
      chamber of the rabbit eye served the objects of the studies. Olivomycin was used
      in 34 out of 66 experiments and 32 experiments were control. Separate tumor cells
      together with pronounced signs of necrosis were detected on histological
      examination only in 1 out of 34 transplants treated with olivomycin. The
      transplants in the other 33 experiments resolved. The transplant in the control
      experiments consisted of viable cells at the same period. On the basis of the
      experiments it was concluded that olivomycin had a pronounced destroying effect
      on melanoblastoma cells under conditions of heterotransplantation and may be
      recommended for clinical use for prophylaxis of metastasis in post-operative
      periods.

PMID- 686700
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics of ampicillin in peritonitis in children].
AB  - Ampicillin levels in the blood serum and abdominal cavity biosubstrates of
      children with appendicular peritonitis were studied. The antibiotic was
      administered as intravenous jet infusion in single doses of 12--15 and 25--30
      mg/kg and drop infusion continuously for 24 hour in doses of 150 and 250--300
      mg/kg. Administration of the drug as intravenous jet infusion provided
      therapeutical ampicillin levels in the appendix tissue and abdominal cavity
      exudate. Administration of increased doses of the drug resulted in its higher
      biosubstrate levels. It was found that the level of the appendix destruction had
      a significant effect on the antibiotic level in this organ. In cases with
      gangrenous appendititis the ampicillin levels were 1.5--2.2 times lower than
      those in cases with catarrhal appendititis. The studies on the effect of the
      infusion therapy on ampicillin pharmacokinetics showed that the volume of the
      liquids administered intravenously had no significant influence on the antibiotic
      circulation in the blood. A continuous drop infusion provided high and stable
      ampicillin levels in the blood serum which significantly exceeded the antibiotic
      MIC. During the post-operative period the antibiotic levels in the blood serum
      after intraperitoneal administration were determined. The data showed that
      ampicillin administered intravenously 2--3 days after the operation was absorbed
      into the blood in insignificant amounts.

PMID- 686701
TI  - In vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of BL-S786 compared with those of
      other cephalosporins.
AB  - In vitro activity of BL-S786, a new parenterally semisynthetic cephalosporin, was
      investigated against 570 bacterial isolates. BL-S786 inhibited most Escherichia
      coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, and Salmonella. It inhibited some
      Enterobacter and indole-positive Proteus, but it was less active against these
      later species than was cefamandole, cefuroxime, or cefoxitin. It was not active
      against Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, or Bacteroides fragilis. BL
      S786 was the least active new cephalosporin tested against staphylococci and was
      less active than cephalothin against streptococcal species. The activity of BL
      S786 was not altered by the type of assay medium nor by 50% serum. The size of
      the test inoculum altered the minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations
      for inhibition of some organisms, particularly those with Richmond type I beta
      lactamases. BL-S786 was not hydrolyzed by the R-factor-mediated, Richmond type
      III beta-lactamase, but it was hydrolyzed by type I beta-lactamases.

PMID- 686702
TI  - Dihydrofolate reductases in some folate-requiring bacteria with low trimethoprim
      susceptibility.
AB  - Dihydrofolate reductases from the folate-requiring strains Streptococcus faecalis
      ATCC 8043, Lactobacillus casei ATCC 7496, and Pediococcus cerevisiae ATCC 8081,
      as well as from Lactobacillus arabinosus, which is not dependent on exogenous
      folate, were isolated, and their properties were compared to reductases of
      Escherichia coli B, Staphylococcus aureus, and rat liver reductase. An inhibition
      profile with six different inhibitors revealed significant differences among all
      enzymes. All lactobacilli reductases are less sensitive to trimethoprim than the
      enzymes of E. coli and S. aureus, the reductase of P. cerevisiae requiring a
      concentration at least 1,000 times higher for 50% inhibition. Inhibition of
      growth of S. faecalis by pyrimethamine and 2,4-diamino-6,7-diisopropyl-pteridine
      was seen to be much stronger than was predicted from the enzymatic data.

PMID- 686703
TI  - Effect of leaf extracts of Aloe arborescens Mill subsp. natalensis Berger on
      growth of Trichophyton mentagrophytes.
AB  - The antifungal activity of a lyophilized powder containing aloe leaf homogenate
      (whole-leaf powder) against Trichophyton mentagrophytes was investigated. The
      minimal inhibitory concentration was 25 mg/ml by the agar dilution method, using
      Sabouraud glucose agar medium. At subinhibitory concentrations, the powder
      exerted its main effect on colony growth by prolongation of the lag phase and
      inhibition of growth rate. Homogenates of fresh whole leaf were filtered through
      Whatman GF/A paper, and the filtrate was dialyzed and concentrated by molecular
      filtration using an Amicon hollow-fiber dialyzer concentrator DC-2, and a powder
      containing components with molecular weights higher than 10,000 (high-molecular
      weight component powder) was prepared by lyophilization. The minimal inhibitory
      concentrations against three strains of T. mentagrophytes were all 10 mg/ml. The
      inhibitory activity was fungicidal and was lost by heating at 100 degrees C for
      30 min. Both the whole-leaf powder and the high-molecular-weight component powder
      induced various morphological abnormalities in spores and hyphae by the
      inhibition of spore germination and development of hyphae.

PMID- 686704
TI  - Metabolic fate of SCE-129, a new antipseudomonal cephalosporin, after parenteral
      administration in rats and dogs.
AB  - Disposition of [(14)C]SCE-129 was studied in rats and dogs after intramuscular
      (i.m.) or intravenous (i.v.) injection. In rats, the plasma level of i.m.
      [(14)C]SCE-129 attained a peak at 15 min after dosing and then declined with a
      half-life of 35 min, whereas the half-life after an i.v. dose was 26 min. The
      area under the plasma level curve within 2 h after the i.m. dose was 85% of that
      after the i.v. dose. Intramuscular injection of [(14)C]SCE-129 into dogs gave a
      peak plasma level at 30 min and a half-life of 60 min. In both rats and dogs, the
      plasma levels of (14)C were closely similar to those of the unchanged antibiotic,
      which was weakly bound to plasma protein. The rat tissue level of i.m. [(14)C]SCE
      129 was maximum at 15 min, with the highest concentration in the kidney, followed
      by plasma, adrenal, lung, heart, thymus, gastrointestinal wall, and liver, and
      the lowest in the brain. The antibiotic barely entered erythrocytes of rats and
      dogs. Whole-body autora-diographic studies showed that i.m. [(14)C]SCE-129
      scarcely crossed the rat placenta. (14)C was detected in the milk of rats given
      i.m. [(14)C]SCE-129. In both rats and dogs, almost all of the dosed (14)C was
      excreted in urine within 24 h as the unaltered antibiotic, with only small
      amounts appearing in feces via bile. Thus, these findings evidenced a rapid
      absorption and wide distribution of i.m. SCE-129, followed by extensive renal
      elimination as the unaltered antibiotic.

PMID- 686705
TI  - Mode of action of a structurally novel beta-lactam.
AB  - CP-35,587 {6-[d-2-amino-2-(p-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido]-2,2-dimethyl-3- (5
      tetrazolyl)-penam} is a member of a new family of beta-lactam antibacterial
      agents. Because the biospectrum of CP-35,587 has features similar to both
      penicillins and cephalosporins, experiments were carried out to explore its mode
      of action. CP-35,587 did not inhibit peptidoglycan transpeptidase from
      Escherichia coli, but it did inhibit dd-carboxypeptidase. Similar results were
      obtained with cephalexin. When these antibiotics were compared for effects on
      growth and morphology of E. coli, it was observed that filaments formed after
      exposure to either antibacterial agent for 30 to 60 min. The filaments enlarged,
      and fragmentation occurred until very few viable cells remained after exposure to
      CP-35,587. After 180 min in the presence of cephalexin, the cells began to
      divide, and the filaments formed cross-walls reaching control values in 24 h. CP
      35,587 and cephalexin had similar effects on the morphology of the Klebsiella
      cell: the cells became enlarged within 30 min; with increasing exposure, the
      filaments became longer, with evidence of cytoplasmic emptying and ghost cell
      formation. These ghostlike tubules eventually broke apart, leaving fragments.
      These data indicate differences in the mode of action of CP-35,587 from those of
      most other beta-lactam antibiotics.

PMID- 686706
TI  - Method for qualitative determination of 2-deoxystreptamine.
AB  - We have developed a qualitative method to assay for the presence of 2
      deoxystreptamine in hydrolysates of crude aminoglycoside preparations using a 2
      deoxystreptamine-requiring idiotrophic mutant. The assay involves (i) incubation
      of a 2-deoxystreptamine-requiring mutant with 1 mg of a hydrolyzed preparation
      from a crude unknown antibiotic mixture per ml, and (ii) examination of the
      resultant incubation mixture for production of antibiotic(s) by disk assay.

PMID- 686707
TI  - Antiviral activity of extracts from marine algae.
AB  - Extracts of two species of marine algae, Constantinea simplex and Farlowia
      mollis, were tested for antiviral activity in tissue culture and in experimental
      infections of mice. Treatment of confluent mouse embryo fibroblast cell
      monolayers with either compound before viral inoculation was effective in
      inhibiting the replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2, vaccinia
      virus, and vesicular stomatitis virus, but not encephalomyocarditis virus,
      Semliki Forest virus, or murine cytomegalovirus. Prophylactic administration of
      these extracts was effective in reducing final mortality or prolonging the mean
      day of death of animals inoculated by the intraperitoneal, intracerebral, or
      intranasal routes with herpes simplex virus type 2. When therapy was initiated
      after viral inoculation or at a site other than that of viral inoculation, no
      significant effect on mortality or on mean day of death was observed. Neither
      preparation was effective in mice inoculated intraperitoneally with
      encephalomyocarditis virus, Semliki Forest virus, or murine cytomegalovirus or in
      animals infected intravaginally with herpes simplex virus type 2. The
      prophylactic but not therapeutic antiviral activity of these preparations
      seriously limits their potential use in human herpes simplex virus infections.

PMID- 686708
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of netilmicin in the presence of normal or impaired renal
      function.
AB  - A pharmacokinetic study of netilmicin was conducted in 12 healthy subjects and 24
      subjects with chronic renal failure. After intramuscular administrations of 2 and
      3 mg of netilmicin per kg in normal subjects, the mean peak serum concentrations
      were 5.46 and 8.83 mug/ml, respectively. After intravenous infusions of identical
      doses, the mean maximum serum levels, occurring at the end of the infusion, were
      11.79 and 15.75 mug/ml, respectively. The pharmacokinetic data were very similar
      via the two routes of administration and for the two doses. The elimination half
      life was 2.20 h, and 80 to 90% of the injected dose was recovered in urine during
      the first 24 h. After intramuscular administration of 2 mg/kg in subjects with
      chronic renal impairment, the elimination half-life increased to 29.48 h, and
      urinary elimination was inversely related to the degree of impairment. A study
      was conducted throughout hemodialysis sessions: serum concentrations decreased by
      63.3%. The linear relationships between the elimination rate constant and
      creatinine clearance and the elimination half-life and serum creatinine allowed
      us to establish dosage schedules according to the degree of renal failure.

PMID- 686709
TI  - Detection of antibiotic-producing Streptomyces inhabiting forest soils.
AB  - A modified agar overlay technique was developed for detecting antibiotic
      production by Streptomyces isolates and compared with two routinely used overlay
      procedures and the shake flask-disk assay method. Two types of inhibitory
      patterns could be discerned in the modified overlay method, and one of these was
      always exhibited by Streptomyces isolates which produced extractable
      antimicrobial substances. In a preliminary screening of 600 isolates, higher
      numbers of antibiotic-producing streptomyces were detected with the modified
      overlay procedure than with the streak or pour overlay method and the shake flask
      assay. The modified overlay distinguished between antibiotic production and other
      antagonistic effects. The inhibitory agents extracted after 6 days of culture
      growth on the modified overlay agar were of a higher concentration and more
      stable over longer periods of time than those recovered from shake flasks. It was
      observed that acidoduric streptomyces produced a greater proportion of
      antibiotics against gram-negative bacteria than did neutrophilic cultures, and
      this effect was greatest with the isolates from the most acidic soils. The
      neutrophiles were more active against gram-positive bacteria and, upon antibiotic
      classification, it appeared that the neutrophilic and acidoduric cultures from
      various soils produced different antimicrobial compounds.

PMID- 686710
TI  - Antibiotic biosynthesis by cofermentation of blocked mutants of two
      Micromonospora species.
AB  - Two aminocyclitol-negative Micromonospora mutants representing two different
      species, M. purpurea and M. inyoensis, and blocked at different steps in the
      biosynthetic pathway were paired and cofermented for the synthesis of
      antibiotics. The two blocked mutants were incapable of producing antibiotics
      alone except when 2-deoxystreptamine was added. When combined they produced
      gentamicins A, X(2), C(1a), and C(2b), which all have an amino group at the 2'
      position, and gentamicin B, which has a hydroxyl group at this position instead.

PMID- 686711
TI  - In vivo studies with ambruticin in murine histoplasmosis.
AB  - Ambruticin (W7783) was evaluated in vivo in mice subacutely or nonlethally
      infected with Histoplasma capsulatum. Results were compared with those obtained
      with amphotericin B, the drug of choice in human histoplasmosis. In one
      experiment, ambruticin was shown to be capable of curing infected animals as
      evidenced by totally negative liver and spleen cultures obtained when mice were
      sacrificed after 4 weeks of oral treatment with 150 mg of drug per kg per day.
      The 50% cure dose for ambruticin was between 75 and 150 mg/kg per day; the 50%
      cure dose for oral amphotericin B in this experiment was between 1.56 and 6.25
      mg/kg per day. In a second experiment, both oral ambruticin (150 mg/kg per day)
      and oral amphotericin B (25 mg/kg per day) were again curative, but to a lesser
      degree than in the first experiment. Biological cures were obtained with both
      drugs after 3 and 4 weeks of treatment but not after 2 weeks.

PMID- 686712
TI  - In vitro studies with ambruticin, a new antifungal antibiotic.
AB  - The in vitro antifungal inhibitory activities of ambruticin and of various
      antifungal drugs of choice against 190 fungal pathogens representative of the
      major human mycoses were compared using a modification of the ICS agar dilution
      technique. Ambruticin compared favorably with amphotericin B and miconazole when
      tested against the dimorphic pathogens Coccidioides immitis, Histoplasma
      capsulatum, and Blastomyces dermatitidis and against Aspergillus fumigatus.
      Miconazole was the most active compound against Sporothrix schenckii, Allescheria
      (Petriellidium) boydii, and selected dematiaceous fungi, with ambruticin giving
      minimal inhibitory, concentrations from 3- to 74-fold higher. Ambruticin compared
      unfavorably with amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine when tested against Candida
      and Torulopsis species. Ambruticin was not as active in vitro as tolnaftate when
      tested against the three genera of dermatophytic fungi, but compared favorably
      with miconazole.

PMID- 686713
TI  - [Trend analysis of infant mortality in Belgium and the Netherlands].

PMID- 686714
TI  - Ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint.
AB  - With the aid of 22 cases of mandibular ankylosis, the classification, aetiology,
      radiography, clinical symptoms and the operative procedures are discussed. By
      means of condylectomy (four patients), or a condylotomy (14 patients) or a
      horizontal ostectomy in the ascending ramus (performed in two patients with a
      relapse of condylotomy) in which a triangular bone fragment is removed in the
      dorsocaudal region, bone contact is prevented during mouth-opening. Considering
      the number of relapses (three of the 18 operated patients) the results as
      compared with those in the literature may be described as satisfactory.

PMID- 686715
TI  - Stomal dysfunction following partial gastrectomy.
AB  - The case is reported of a man aged 57 years in whom after partial gastrectomy,
      gastric emptying remained impaired for a long period of time. The disorder was
      caused by stomal dyfunction. After 74 days' conservative therapy, mostly on an
      outpatient basis, passage through the stomach recurred spontaneously. Successful
      conservative therapy of such a long duration has not previously been reported in
      the literature. Protracted obstruction of the stoma after partial gastrectomy is
      rare. On the basis of data in the literature and of personal experience the
      author advocates prolonged conservation therapy, unless there exists definite
      proof of a mechanical obstruction.

PMID- 686716
TI  - A rare benign ureteral polyp.

PMID- 686717
TI  - Resection of the rectum with preservation of continence by means of a transanal
      anastomosis.
AB  - Resection of the rectum with restoration of continuity via a transanal side-to
      side anastomosis is a relatively simple and safe surgical technique for the
      treatment of tumours localized 9 cm or more from the anus. Even a temporary
      artificial anus is superfluous. In none of the six patients thus treated was any
      complication observed, all are normally continent. The technique used is
      described in detail.

PMID- 686718
TI  - Tendency of fluorouracil to conceal deep foci of invasive basal cell carcinoma.
AB  - Topical fluorouracil treatment of invasive basal cell carcinomas (BCC) is not
      recommended because it often produces the appearance of control with superficial
      inhibition of the tumor as the deeper extensions continue to grow, which results
      in a needless delay in obtaining effective treatment. These conclusions are based
      on data obtained during the microscopically controlled excision of 103 invasive
      BCCs of the face that had recurred after topical fluorouracil treatment.

PMID- 686719
TI  - Lucio's phenomenon and diffuse nonnodular lepromatous leprosy.
AB  - The records of ten patients with Lucio's phenomenon showed clinical and
      histopathological changes similar to those described by others. Lucio's
      phenomenon is a syndrome distinct from erythema nodosum leprosum as indicated by
      an absence of fever, leukocytosis and tenderness, a failure to respond to
      thalidomide, and a restriction to patients with diffuse nonnodular lepromatous
      leprosy. Lymphopenia associated with splenomegaly in three patients and
      glomerulonephritis in one patient were unexpected findings of unknown relevance.

PMID- 686720
TI  - Percutaneous absorption in experimental epidermal proliferation.
AB  - Essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD) results in epidermal hyperproliferation
      with acanthosis and hyperkeratosis. The EFAD hairless mouse has been used to
      study the percutaneous absorption of a 0.1% solution of 4-(14)C-hydrocortisone.
      In vitro absorption was increased significantly through EFAD compared with normal
      hairless mouse skin. This is further evidence for a defective skin barrier
      function in epidermal hyperproliferation.

PMID- 686721
TI  - Histopathology of oral lesions of discoid lupus erythematosus. A review of 25
      cases.
AB  - In a study of 25 oral biopsy specimens of lesions of chronic discoid lupus
      erythematosus, a characteristic and diagnostic histopathological pattern was
      confirmed, which consisted of parakeratosis, hydropic degeneration of stratum
      germinativum, collagen degeneration and a lymphocytic infiltration in a
      perivascular orientation. It is suggested that more oral biopsies be used in the
      diagnosis of discoid lupus erythematosus because of the ease of oral mucosal
      biopsy technique and the absence of scarring and discomfort from oral biopsy
      lesions.

PMID- 686723
TI  - Eosinophilic fasciitis.
AB  - Localized areas of indurated skin, which were adherent to the underlying tissues
      of the upper extremities, suddenly developed in 55-year-old woman. Histologic
      examination of these bound-down areas disclosed a thickening and inflammation of
      the deep fascia. There was an associated eosinophilia and a marked clinical
      improvement after 18 months of oral steroid therapy. These gross and microscopic
      findings, as well as the peripheral eosinophilia and clinical response while oral
      steroids were administered, are all characteristics of the recently described
      entity called eosinophilic fasciitis. Its recognition is important since it may
      be steroid responsive.

PMID- 686722
TI  - Lichen planus and discoid lupud erythematosus. Overlap syndrome associated with
      cryoglobulinemia and hypocomplementemia.
AB  - A patient with the discoid lupus erythematosus and lichen planus overlap syndrome
      has profound depression of serum C4 concentration associated with substantial
      mixed cryoblobulinemia. A family study failed to disclose evidence of a familial
      hypocomplementemia, cryoglobulinemia, or a dermatologic condition.
      Immunologlobulin, but no complement, was detected at the site of the skin
      abnormality. This case illustrates an immune-complex disorder with a mixed
      cryoglobulinemia that is related to immunoglobulin deposition in the skin.

PMID- 686724
TI  - Hearing aid dermatitis.
AB  - Allergic eczematous contact dermatitis developed in the external auditory canals
      and external ears of a woman who wore bilateral "in-the-ear" hearing aids. Patch
      tests demonstrated that methyl methacrylate monomer was the offending chemical.
      Heat curling the resin increased polymerization and reduced the amount of
      residual acrylic monomer, thus alleviating the problem.

PMID- 686725
TI  - Lymphomatoid granulomatosis after immunosuppression for pemphigus.
AB  - Lymphomatoid granulomatosis developed in a patient with pemphigus vulgaris who
      had been undergoing immunosuppressive therapy for three years. At autopsy,
      typical angiodestructive and angiocentric lesions with large lymphoid cells
      (immunoblasts) were found in the lungs and mediastinal nodes. Although a direct
      causal relationship between immunosuppression and lymphomatoid granulomatosis is
      lacking, the association of the two has been described. Immunoblastic sarcoma is
      also seen in immunosuppressed patients, and the role of the immunoblast in both
      of these disorders indicates that they may be related. This report suggests that,
      like immunoblastic sarcoma, lymphomatoid granulomatosis may develop under
      conditions of diminished immunologic surveillance, whether iatrogenic or
      naturally occurring.

PMID- 686727
TI  - Ichthyosis hystrix.
AB  - According to a popular system of classification, the term ichthyosis hystrix
      denotes an organoid epidermal nevus composed of hyperkeratotic papules with a
      bilateral distribution. Our patient had dramatic disfiguring epidermal changes of
      this type covering nearly all of her body. Although this abnormality began at the
      age of 2, she does not exhibit any of the various neurological or skeletal
      derangements that have been reported to be associated with the condition.

PMID- 686726
TI  - Superior vena caval syndrome.
AB  - The two cases of the superior vena caval syndrome described illustrate the
      problem of making a diagnosis and of determining the etiology of this syndrome.
      The cutaneous manifestations were typical of the syndrome and included the sudden
      onset of facial and upper extremity edema, erythema, and telangiectasia. The
      causes of the syndrome cannot be recognized from the clinical presentation. In
      one of our cases, the cause was only determined at autopsy and proved to be an
      unusual benign cause, idiopathic thrombosis, masquerading as a malignant tumor;
      the other case was caused by an actual malignancy. The manifestations of the
      syndrome should alert the physician to determine its cause in order that
      appropriate therapy may be instituted as rapidly as possible.

PMID- 686728
TI  - A diffuse pustular eruption associated with ulcerative colitis.
AB  - Two patients each with a two-year history of chronic ulcerative colitis
      developed, over a 24- to 48-hour period, painful pustules involving the skin and
      oral mucosa. The pustular eruption was associated with a severe exacerbation of
      the colitis. Culture of the lesions and of the blood failed to reveal an
      infectious cause for the eruption. Histologic study of a pustule in case 2
      revealed suppurative folliculitis. The lesions subsided rapidly in case 1 when
      intravenous hydrocortisone and intravenous and intramuscular antibiotics were
      administered, and further resolution occurred after colectomy. A similar rapid
      resoultion of the pustules occurred in case 2 after initiation of treatment with
      intramuscular cortisone acetate and antibiotics and with colectomy. This pustular
      eruption may represent a variant of pyoderma gangrenosum.

PMID- 686729
TI  - Spindle cell lipoma. An unusual dermatologic presentation.
AB  - A 30-year-old woman had nontender subcutaneous mass over the left temple that
      histologically demonstrated a mixed pattern of mature lipocytes and spindle
      cells, many in a palisading and fascicular pattern, separated by fibrous
      trabeculations. No cellular atypia or increased mitotic activity was seen, and a
      predominance of mast cells was noted. This case illustrates the spindle cell
      lipoma, a benign variant of lipoma that has been confused in the past with both
      malignant spindle cell and lipocytic tumors. Our case, although atypical in sex,
      age, and location, serves to identify this entity in the dermatologic literature.

PMID- 686730
TI  - Focal dermal hypoplasia syndrome. The second known case in Japan.

PMID- 686731
TI  - Localized heat urticaria.

PMID- 686732
TI  - Calcinosis cutis circumscripta. Treatment with an intralesional corticosteroid.

PMID- 686733
TI  - Halo nevus with exceptional clinical features. Apparent arrest of nevus cell
      degeneration and return of pigment to halo.

PMID- 686734
TI  - Metastatic renal cell carcinoma resembling a pyogenic granuloma.

PMID- 686735
TI  - Sabin's poliomyelitis vaccine in recurrent herpes simplex.

PMID- 686736
TI  - 'Pocket-warmer' therapy of chromomycosis.

PMID- 686737
TI  - Dermatologists vs the federal government.

PMID- 686738
TI  - A cure for recurrent herpes simplex.

PMID- 686740
TI  - Mohs: microscopically oriented histographic surgery.

PMID- 686739
TI  - Treatment of recurrent herpes simplex.

PMID- 686741
TI  - Delayed blanch reaction in atopic dermatitis.

PMID- 686742
TI  - Scholtz regimen.

PMID- 686743
TI  - The quiddity of the head louse.

PMID- 686744
TI  - Langerhans cells in contact dermatitis of the guinea pig.
AB  - In the guinea pig, the epidermal Langerhans cells studied by adenosine
      triphosphatase and electron microscopic techniques in dinitrochlorobenzene
      induced contact dermatitis showed early cellular vacuolar and granular changes
      and intraepidermal contact with mononuclear cells. At later periods of up to 48
      hours, the Langerhans cells migrated to the surface of a thickened epidermis and
      were lost in the parakeratotic horny layer that was shed. Thus, the Langerhans
      cell probably has a macrophage-type role in the epidermal reaction of contact
      dermatitis, and as the sponglosis and the inflammatory reaction develop, these
      cells are shed with the degenerating keratinocytes.

PMID- 686745
TI  - Scleroderma, eosinophilia, and diffuse fasciitis.
AB  - Skin induration without internal organ involvement, blood and tissue
      eosinophilla, and fascilitis are features of diffuse fascilitis. However,
      cellular infiltrates (lymphocytes, plasma cells, and eosinophils) may also be
      present in the dermis, fat, and muscle. Blood eosinophilia (mild and transient)
      and skin eosinophilia were observed in about 20% of patients with systemic and
      localized scleroderma.

PMID- 686746
TI  - Subcutaneous mycosis fungoides.
AB  - In five cases of mycosis fungoides, previously treated with electron-beam
      therapy, subcutaneous nodules developed. Clinically, these lesions were thought
      to be epidermoid cysts or lipomas, but on biopsy were discovered to be
      subcutaneous infiltrates, three of which were diagnosed as mycosis fungoides. The
      other two specimens showed only a nonspecific subcutaneous infiltrate. There is
      no ready explanation for the appearance of these lesions, but it is speculated
      that they may be the result of inadequate penetration of the electron beam to the
      depth at which some atypical cells may originally have been located. Patients
      with mycosis fungoides who develop unusual subcutaneous nodules should be fully
      investigated so that appropriate and adequate therapy may be initiated.

PMID- 686747
TI  - Dermatitis from purified sea algae toxin (debromoaplysiatoxin).
AB  - Cutaneous inflammation was induced by debromoaplysiatoxin, a purified toxin
      extracted from Lyngbya majuscula Gomont. This alga causes a seaweed dermatitis
      that occurs in persons who have swum off the coast of Oahu in Hawaii. By topical
      application, the toxin was found to produce an irritant pustular folliculitis in
      humans and to cause a severe cutaneous inflammatory reaction in the rabbit and in
      hairless mice.

PMID- 686748
TI  - Cutaneous leishmaniasis: surgical management of a case with unusual clinical and
      histological features.
AB  - Our case of cutaneous leishmaniasis clinically resembles the atypical form
      "infiltrees en nappes" that was described by Photinos in 1930. A subsequent
      biopsy of the lesion was performed more than one year after its onset and after a
      full course of stibogluconate sodium and the specimen showed multiple organisms
      in multinucleated giant cells as well as in histiocytes. Electrodesiccation and
      curettage of the lesion resulted in complete healing with minimal scarring.

PMID- 686749
TI  - Basal cell nevus syndrome in a black patient: report of a case and review of the
      literature.
AB  - An 80-year-old black man had multiple basal cell epitheliomas (BCEs), palmar
      pits, and mandibular cysts. This patient is unusual, not only because of multiple
      BCEs, but also becuase they developed when the patient was at age 77. Only three
      other black patients with multiple BCEs in association with basal cell nevus
      syndrome have been reported previously.

PMID- 686750
TI  - Retroperitoneal liposarcoma metastatic to scalp.
AB  - Metastasis of liposarcoma to the scalp occurred in a 50-year-old-man. Review of
      the literature disclosed no documented reports. Although cutaneous metastases
      from internal malignancies are of relative infrequent occurrence, such metastases
      may be limited to the scalp and a diagnosis can be established by a biopsy.

PMID- 686751
TI  - Pilomatricomas associated with myotonic dystrophy.
AB  - A report of the ninth and tenth cases of myotonic dystrophy associated with
      pilomatricomas and a review of the previously reported eight cases showed that
      seven of the ten patients had multiple pilomatricomas. Six of ten patients had
      another relative with both myotonic dystrophy and pilomatricomas. Patients with
      both myotonic dystrophy and pilomatricomas are more likely to have multiple
      tumors and to have a familial occurrence. The prevalence of pilomatricomas in
      patients with myotonic dystrophy is higher than in the general population.
      Pilomatricomas may be a cutaneous manifestation of the myotonic syndrome.

PMID- 686752
TI  - Vitiligo, chronic thrombocytopenia, and autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
AB  - A 12-year-old boy with vitiligo, chronic thrombocytopenia, and a Coombs's
      positive autoimmune hemolytic anemia was treated with oral psoralens and exposure
      to ultraviolet light. An acute hemolytic crisis developed and he died. The
      association of autoimmune hemolytic anemia and vitilligo should be looked for in
      other cases. Until more information is available, patients with vitiligo and
      thrombocytopenia should not be treated with psoralens and exposure to ultraviolet
      light.

PMID- 686753
TI  - An unusual case of North American blastomycosis.
AB  - A patient with a laryngeal tumor first diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma was
      subsequently found to have North American blastomycosis. Diagnosis of this
      condition eventuated in eradication of the lesion as well as removal of a
      tracheostomy, which was thought to be permanent.

PMID- 686754
TI  - Defective leukocytotaxia and recurrent staphylococcal infecion: deficiency of
      leukocytotaxia and abnormal granulocytes associated with increase serum IgE
      levels in an adult with recurrent staphylococcal infection.
AB  - A man who was suffering from recurrent staphylococcal infection had antecedent
      symptoms of severe pruritus. Laboratory investigations showed leukocytosis with
      eosinophilia, hyperimmunoglobulinemia of all fractions, but particularly of IgE,
      and a deficiency of cell-mediated immunity on in vivo testing. Phagocytosis and
      bactericidal activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes were normal, but a cellular
      and serum-associated defect in leukocytotaxia was present. Ultrastructural
      changes were observed in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Association of impaired
      leukocytotaxia and elevated levels of IgE is not uncommon. Recurrent bacterial
      infections in the patient described are probably related to defective chemotaxis.

PMID- 686756
TI  - Multiple agminate spindle and epithelioid cell nevi in an adult.

PMID- 686755
TI  - Granuloma annulare at sites of healing herpes zoster.

PMID- 686757
TI  - Personal responses of patients to vitiligo: the importance of the patient
      physician interaction.

PMID- 686758
TI  - Mutilating acrodermatitis continua (Hallopeau's acrodermatitis).

PMID- 686759
TI  - Melanoma thickness and elective node dissection.

PMID- 686760
TI  - Trioxsalen vs methoxsalen in the treatment of psoriasis.

PMID- 686761
TI  - Skin signs of fat embolism.

PMID- 686762
TI  - Gluten sensitivity.

PMID- 686763
TI  - Eruptive nevocytic nevi after Lyell's syndrome.

PMID- 686764
TI  - Carrots and photodermatitis.

PMID- 686765
TI  - Otodectes cynotis infestation.

PMID- 686766
TI  - Hydroquinone nail pigmentation.

PMID- 686767
TI  - Use of fluorinated steroid on the face.

PMID- 686768
TI  - Research involving children--ethics, the law, and the climate of opinion.

PMID- 686769
TI  - Legality of consent to nontherapeutic medical research on infants and young
      children.

PMID- 686770
TI  - Gluten challenge in treated coeliac disease.
AB  - Thirty-two children with a past diagnosis of coeliac disease were reinvestigated
      by means of gluten challenge. They had received a gluten-free diet for a mean
      period of 6-5 years (range 0-25-11-0) before gluten challenge, and had a mean age
      of 9-9 years (range 3-0-15-3) at the onset of challenge. Small intestinal
      biopsies were performed before and after the gluten challenge (at least 10 g
      natural gluten per day for 3 months in the majority) and, as judged by light
      microscopy and morphometric techniques, coeliac disease was confirmed in 25 (78%)
      of the 32 patients; challenge was continued in the remaining 7 for a total period
      of 2 years when biopsies were repeated in 6 children and all were normal. Serum
      and RBC folate, serum iron, Hb level, and clinical symptoms were unpredictable
      variables in identifying children who developed gluten-induced enteropathies. The
      social and emotional effects of gluten challenge are discussed. The results
      highlight the importance of gluten challenge and intestinal biopsy in the
      diagnosis of coeliac disease and strongly suggest that a normal biopsy after a 3
      month gluten challenge (as described above) excludes coeliac disease.

PMID- 686772
TI  - Recurrent wheezing in the preschool child.
AB  - The bronchoconstrictor response to exercise was measured in 29 healthy children
      and in 23 children with recurrent wheezing attacks, using the Wright low-range
      peak flow meter and a modification of the forced oscillation technique. None of
      the healthy children showed significant change in airflow obstruction after a 6
      minute run, whereas 20 of the 23 wheezy children showed a mean rise in total
      respiratory resistance of 65-5%. All 23 children showed a fall in airflow
      obstruction after inhaling salbutamol solution.

PMID- 686771
TI  - Renin and aldosterone response in human newborns to acute change in blood volume.
AB  - Increased activity of the renin/aldosterone system in the neonatal period is now
      well established in both animals and man but the control mechanisms are poorly
      understood. We have monitored the plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma
      aldosterone concentration (PAldo) in 14 infants undergoing 21 exchange
      transfusions. PRA and PAldo were measured before and at 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, and 60
      minutes after the injection, and 5, 10, 15, and 30 minutes after the withdrawal
      of 7 ml blood/kg birthweight immediately before exchange transfusions. PRA
      increased to a maximum of 53% and decreased to a maximum of 39% of the resting
      values after withdrawal or injection of blood respectively. PAldo values did not
      change significantly during the same period. Thus the renin-angiotensin system in
      the newborn infant is responsive to changes in blood volume.

PMID- 686773
TI  - Reduction of bile acid loss in cystic fibrosis by dietary means.
AB  - On a 'normal' diet increased faecal bile acid excretion was found in 14 of 16
      children with cystic fibrosis who had steatorrhoea, but excretion was normal in 2
      such children without steatorrhoea. The 16 children with steatorrhoea took 3
      regimens of diet and therapy: a 'normal' diet with pancreatic enzyme supplements,
      a diet of reduced long-chain triglycerides with added medium-chain triglycerides,
      and the same diet with added pancreatic enzyme supplements. On each of these
      three regimens steatorrhoea and faecal bile acid loss were significantly less
      than on no treatment, with the lowest excretions occurring on the diet of reduced
      long-chain triglycerides with added medium-chain triglycerides and pancreatic
      enzyme supplements. Although a reduction in steatorrhoea was nearly always
      accompanied by a decrease in bile acid excretion, the initial bile acid loss was
      very variable and could not be predicted for any given degree of steatorrhoea.
      This suggests that at least one other factor, possibly liver disease or bile acid
      pool size, influences bile acid loss in the faeces.

PMID- 686774
TI  - Sweat testing for cystic fibrosis. Diagnostic screening with a combination
      chloride ion-selective electrode.
AB  - Screening of sweat chloride in newborn infants with the Orion Skin Chloride
      Measuring System and incorporating some procedural innovations is described. The
      results indicate that while diagnostic screening for cystic fibrosis can be
      readily undertaken, the test with the chloride ion-selective electrode is best
      left at least to the second day of life or later because of insufficient sweating
      in very young babies. Measurements on 2 babies with cystic fibrosis are also
      discussed.

PMID- 686775
TI  - Growth hormone release during sleep in growth-retarded children with normal
      response to pharmacological tests.
AB  - Twenty-one prepubertal children of small stature, 10 boys and 11 girls, aged from
      4-3 to 12-8 years, were studied. Their height was less than 3rd centile, and
      during the preceding year all had a growth rate less than 4-5 cm/year. Arginine
      and L-dopa tests were given, and the release of growth hormone (GH) during
      monitored sleep was investigated. On the basis of the electroencephalogram and
      horizontal electro-oculogram, sleep was divided into stages 1-2-3-4 and rapid-eye
      movement. All the children had a GH response greater than 8 ng/ml in at least one
      of the two pharmacological tests, and were therefore accepted as not suffering
      from GH deficiency. In all 21 children during sleep there was at least one
      secretory peak with GH greater than 8 ng/ml. Of a total of 46 secretory peaks
      recorded, 22 (48%) took place during deep, slow sleep (stages 3-4), 10 (22%)
      during light sleep (stage 2), 10 (22%) during REM sleep, and 4 (8%) during
      wakening. In 4 patients (19%) no secretory peak was observed during stages 3-4,
      even though there were peaks at other times. The data (a) show that it is
      essential to monitor GH throughout the night to ascertain with certainty the
      presence or absence of physiological secretory peaks of GH; (b) emphasise the
      rare disagreement between pharmacological and physiological tests; (c) suggest
      the use of this physiological test for GH secretion in those cases where the
      insulin test may be hazardous.

PMID- 686776
TI  - Growth impairment in children treated for brain tumours.
AB  - Growth and growth hormone (GH) secretion were studied in 14 children with brain
      tumours before radiation and chemotherapy and at various time intervals
      afterwards. The peak GH response to hypoglycaemia was normal in all patients
      before radiation. In 6 patients the peak GH response was impaired 1 year after
      radiation, and in a seventh it was normal at 1 year but impaired 2 years after
      radiation. In 12 of 13 patients the growth velocity during the first year of
      chemotherapy was below the 3rd centile, although none of these had an initial
      standing height below the 3rd centile. Thus it appears that poor growth in such
      children occurs irrespective of whether radiation-induced GH deficiency develops.
      The cause of this impaired growth is unknown.

PMID- 686777
TI  - Goitre and hypothyroidism in the newborn after cutaneous absorption of iodine.
AB  - Iodine goitre and hypothyroidism in 5 newborn infants in an intensive care unit
      were induced by cutaneous absorption of iodine, after numerous skin applications
      of iodine alcohol. The infant's skin permeability allows severe iodine
      overloading of the thyroid, resulting in goitre and hypothyroidism. Ioduria
      should always be sought in a newborn infant showing hypothyroidism. Iodine should
      not be used as a skin disinfectant in young infants.

PMID- 686778
TI  - Clinical study of prolonged jaundice in breast- and bottle-fed babies.
AB  - A study of 893 births was undertaken to determine the incidence of prolonged
      neonatal jaundice. 55% of these babies were breast feeding on discharge from the
      maternity hospital. Jaundice lasting for 3 weeks or more was found in 12 breast
      fed term babies (2-4% of all breast-fed babies), and in no bottle-fed infant. 3
      of the jaundiced babies gained weight poorly in the first 3 weeks of life, but
      after that age failure to thrive was not associated with the prolonged jaundice.
      The hyperbilirubinaemia, which persisted in 11 infants from between 21 to 80 days
      (mean 39 days), was due to elevations in both conjugated and unconjugated
      fractions.

PMID- 686779
TI  - Respiratory depression due to unsuspected narcotic ingestion treated with
      naloxone.
AB  - Two patients are presented with respiratory depression for which no cause was
      apparent. Both had ingested narcotics without the parents' knowledge. Narcotic
      ingestion should be suspected if signs of respiratory failure with constricted
      pupils are present, and a diagnostic test with naloxone should be performed.

PMID- 686780
TI  - Estimation of gestational age at birth. Comparison of two methods.
AB  - Seventy-three low birthweight babies were independently assessed for gestational
      age using the scoring system of Dubowitz et al. (1970) and 5 neurological
      reflexes described by Robinson (1966). The results obtained by the 5 reflexes
      were compared with those obtained by the scoring system and were found to be
      accurate estimations of gestational age. The 5 reflexes may be used for babies of
      gestational ages 29 to 37 weeks, but above 37 weeks the scoring system must be
      used.

PMID- 686781
TI  - Increased urinary catecholamines in an infant with the diencephalic syndrome.
AB  - In an infant of 15 months with the diencephalic syndrome, urinary excretion of
      norepinephrine was moderately raised and epinephrine greatly so. It is suggested
      that catecholamine secretion may be due to sympathetic stimulation at the level
      of the diencephalon, by a space-occupying lesion pressing on the
      thalamohypothalamic pathway. Some of the symptoms of the diencephalic syndrome
      such as euphoria, irritability, skin pallor, and hypertension may be the result
      of catecholamine secretion.

PMID- 686782
TI  - Use of the diving reflex to treat supraventricular tachycardia in an infant.
AB  - A simple method for treating supraventricular tachycardias is described--ice
      cubes are applied to the nose and upper lip. It should be particularly useful in
      younger children and depends on a sound physiological principle.

PMID- 686783
TI  - Use of diving reflex in an infant with supraventricular tachycardia.

PMID- 686784
TI  - Hyponatraemia in children with febrile convulsions.

PMID- 686786
TI  - Discharge of small babies from hospital.

PMID- 686785
TI  - Steroid-induced CPK estimation--a new diagnostic test for human muscular
      dystrophy and its carrier state.

PMID- 686787
TI  - Carrying frozen specimens by air.

PMID- 686788
TI  - Changing concepts in asthma.

PMID- 686789
TI  - At what age do bronchodilator drugs work?
AB  - Using a modification of the forced oscillation technique we have measured
      respiratory resistance before and after nebulised salbutamol therapy in 32
      wheezing children aged 7 months to 3 years 7 monts. 12 of the children were also
      studied in a total body plethysmograph. No child under 18 months of aged showed a
      greater than 5% fall in resistance or any fall in thoracic gas volume. In
      contrast, 18 of 20 children over 20 months of age showed a fall in resistance
      greater than 20%.

PMID- 686790
TI  - Effects of delivery by caesarean section on lung mechanics and lung volume in the
      human neonate.
AB  - Lung function tests were carried out in the first 6 hours of life on 26 babies
      born by vaginal delivery and 10 born by caesarean section. The babies born by
      caesarean section had a mean thoracic gas volume of only 19.7 ml/kg body weight
      compared with 32.7 ml/kg for the babies born vaginally. We conclude that this is
      owing to an excess of lung fluid in the babies born by caesarean section.

PMID- 686791
TI  - Percutaneous catheterisation of the radial artery in newborn babies using
      transillumination.
AB  - A technique for inserting radial artery catheters percutaneously in newborn
      babies using transillumination is described. Catheterisation was successful in
      69% of the 107 babies in whom it was attempted. In the last 30 attempts there was
      an 85% success rate with an average useful life of 100 hours. The average weight
      of these babies was 1405 g, with a range of 620--4250 g. The method has several
      advantages over previous methods.

PMID- 686792
TI  - Neurological sequelae in newborn babies after perinatal asphyxia.
AB  - A total of 53 babies, 37 to 44 weeks' gestational age with a history of fetal
      distress in labour, and severe neurological abnormalities in the early newborn
      period, were followed up for between 2 and 5 years. Their progress was compared
      with an equal number of normal babies matched for gestational age, birthweight,
      sex, and social class, but without a history of fetal distress or delay in
      establishing spontaneous respiration at birth. In the set of babies with a
      history of fetal distress no perinatal condition was identified that could
      predict with certainty the type of neurological status in the newborn period, or
      the occurrence of neurological abnormality in later childhood. Follow-up
      disclosed a considerable improvement in function in most of the apparently brain
      injured babies. It is suggested that such babies exhibiting apathy initially but
      subsequently hyperexcitability and extensor hypertonia carry the worst prognosis.

PMID- 686793
TI  - Value of screening for deafness in the first year of life.
AB  - Despite efforts to screen all babies for deafness within their first year, the
      handicap is still being detected later than is desirable. This study designed to
      evaluate the effectiveness of current audiometric screening programmes. Hearing
      tests were carried out on 535 infants between the ages of 6 months and one year
      using conventional tests, which depend on the infants' response to familiar
      sounds, and pure-tone audiometry. The results reveal inadequacies in both sets of
      tests which, coupled with a high default rate, may well account for the very
      small contribution that routine audiometric screening is making to the early
      diagnosis of deafness.

PMID- 686794
TI  - Behavioural treatment of hyperactive children.
AB  - This study reports the value of behavioural treatment of hyperactive children.
      Twelve children with multiple behavioural problems, including concentration
      difficulties, were identified and treated during a 3-month period. Six of the
      children began treatment immediately; the other 6 children received similar
      treatment but after a delay of between 4 and 6 weeks. Children were seen at the
      clinic or in the home, depending upon the individual difficulties and
      geographical distances. Initially the families were seen weekly, but the
      frequency later was determined by the severity of the problems and the response
      to treatment. There was a significant improvement in the children's behaviour as
      reported by the parents, the home visitor, and videotaped recordings. During the
      initial period of beteen 4 and 6 weeks the treated children improved
      significantly, whereas the others, as yet untreated, showed no change. As soon as
      the treatment was introduced to the second group these children's behaviour also
      improved and to about same extent in 6 weeks as the treated children had in up to
      12 weeks' treatment. This interesting observation suggests that a short period of
      treatment, only 6 weeks, may be sufficient for most children with hyperactivity.
      This is more feasible with the present-day resources of many departments.

PMID- 686795
TI  - Successful restoration of immunity in the DiGeorge syndrome with fetal thymic
      epithelial transplant.
AB  - A 13-month-old girl presented with right upper lobe pneumonia and hypocalcaemic
      seizures: investigations showed hypoparathyroidism and impaired cell-mediated
      immune responses. Other features of the DiGeorge syndrome included hypertelorism,
      short philtrum of the lip, right-sided aortic arch, and aberrant origin of the
      left subclavian artery. Successful restoration of the immunodeficiency was
      achieved by transplantation of fetal thymic epithelium.

PMID- 686796
TI  - Position of the apex beat in childhood.
AB  - The position of the apex beat in relation to the midclavicular and nipples lines
      and the intercostal spaces was studied in 353 healthy Jamaican children from
      birth to 10 years. The traditional use of the midclavicular line as a reference
      point in relation to the apex beat is not an accurate index of normal heart size
      at all ages. For this purpose actual measurement of the apex beat, which ranges
      between 2.8 and and 5.4 cm from the midline, should be made. However, for a rough
      estimate of normal cardiac size the midclavicular line may be used. In contrast,
      the nipple line lies outside the apex beat at all ages; it should not be used in
      the clinical evaluation of normal cardiac size. From birth to age 3 years the
      apex beat is located in the 4th intercostal space and with increasing age
      gradually moves into the 5th space in most children.

PMID- 686797
TI  - Repeat lumbar puncture in the diagnosis of meningitis.
AB  - Meningitis may be difficult to diagnose. If it is suspected clinically and a
      first lumbar puncture is normal, a second cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sample may be
      required within a few hours to confirm the diagnosis. A child is presented in
      whom CSF was normal 14 hours after the onset of illness, but who 14 hours later
      showed the characteristic changes of purulent meningitis. This case differs from
      those previously cited in the literature, in that the blood cultures taken at the
      time of the first lumbar puncture were also negative.

PMID- 686798
TI  - Significance of intracranial bruits in neonates, infants, and young children.
AB  - In a control group an intracranial bruit (ICB) was heard in 4 of 13 children aged
      between 4 months and 3 years, but in none of 43 younger infants between the ages
      of one day and 4 months. In a group of 70 infants with cardiac murmurs of
      intensity grade III/VI or more, 19 of 30 aged between 4 months and 3 years had an
      ICB, compared with 4 of 40 younger infants aged between one day and 4 months (P
      less than 0.0005). It is concluded that in infants under the age of 4 months,
      even in the presence of a loud cardiac murmur, an ICB is rarely heard. The
      presence of an ICB, with or without signs of cardiac failure, strongly suggests
      an intracranial arteriovenous fistula.

PMID- 686799
TI  - Propranolol as an antihypertensive agent in children.
AB  - The antihypertensive effect of oral propranolol was studied in 9 children with
      hypertension. After treatment with propranolol, systolic blood pressure fell by
      an average of 26 mmHg (P less than 0.01). Diastolic pressure decreased by 20 mmHg
      on average (P less than 0.01). The mean propranolol dose was 2.5 mg/kg per day.
      Side effects included bradycardia and anorexia. There was no correlation between
      pretreatment plasma renin activity and fall in blood pressure. Propranolol is an
      effective and well tolerated antihypertensive agent in children.

PMID- 686800
TI  - Heights and weights of West Indian children with the sickle cell trait.
AB  - No consistent differences were found in mean heights and weights of 170
      schoolchildren aged 6--12 years with the sickle cell trait and 1247
      schoolchildren with normal haemoglobin living in Dominica and Jamaica.

PMID- 686801
TI  - Weaning very low birthweight infants from mechanical ventilation using
      intermittent mandatory ventilation and theophylline.
AB  - Two very low birthweight infants with severe clinical hyaline membrane disease
      requiring mechanical ventilation were dependent on slow-rate intermittent
      mandatory ventilation, without which they developed apnoea or hypopnoea and
      hypercarbia. Their ventilator dependence was apparently owing to inadequate
      ventilatory effort, and treatment with oral theophylline allowed easy weaning to
      continuous-positive airway pressure and extubation. PaCO2 was significantly lower
      during theophylline treatment, suggesting that the drug may have improved
      alveolar ventilation.

PMID- 686802
TI  - Right-sided congenital diaphragmatic herniae presenting as pleural effusions in
      the newborn: dangers and pitfalls.
AB  - Congenital diaphragmatic hernia presented with right-sided pleural effusion in
      two newborn infants.

PMID- 686803
TI  - Drugs, infections, and congenital anomalies.

PMID- 686804
TI  - The first feed of low birthweight infants: changing attitudes in the twentieth
      century.

PMID- 686805
TI  - 'DIDMOAD' syndrome.

PMID- 686806
TI  - Assessment of total body fat in infancy from skinfold thickness measurements.

PMID- 686807
TI  - The relation of nervous elements to intradermal nevi. As electron microscopic
      study.
AB  - Intratumoral nerves of dermal nevi were investigated by electron microscopy in
      order to elucidate the role of neural elements in the development of these
      tumors. The following results were obtained: 1. Intratumoral nerves exhibit an
      increased cellularity, but the number of myelinated fibers is reduced. 2. Nevus
      cells type B and C are frequently present within nerve fascicles. 3. Unmyelinated
      axons were found in close relationship to nevus cells. 4. Schwann cells may show
      proliferations similar to early stages of neurofibroma and can be differentiated
      from unpigmented tumor cells by their relation to axons only. These findings
      indicate that identical cell populations are present within the intratumoral
      nerves and the tumor itself. Therefore, the theory of a neural component in the
      histogenesis of intradermal nevi is supported.

PMID- 686808
TI  - [Comparative investigations in juvenile and adult colloid milium (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 686809
TI  - Plasminogen activators of psoriatic scale extracts. Separation of two plasminogen
      activators by isoelectric focusing.
AB  - Psoriatic scale extracts were fractioned by using polyacrylamide gel isoelectric
      focusing (PAGIF) and preparative electrofocusing in granulated gel (PEGG). The
      largest protein fraction was found with Ip at pH 4.8--5.0, and the main protein
      bands within pH values 4.0--7.5. PEGG separated three main fractions with
      plasminogen activator or trypsin-like esterase activity with isoelectric points
      at pH 6.5--6.6, 5.4--6.2 and 4.9. The enzyme with Ip at pH 6.5--6.6 hydrolyzed
      trypsin substrates but lacked plasminogen activator capacity. The enzyme with Ip
      at pH 5.4--6.2 showed both activities but the third enzyme with plasminogen
      activator capacity with Ip at pH 4.9 was without detectable esterolytic activity
      towards substituted basic amino acid esters. The third enzyme was prominent in
      KCl-extract and the second in KSCN-extract. The first was equal in both extracts.
      The enzyme with Ip at pH 4.9 is possibly of bacterial origin while the
      plasminogen activator with Ip at pH 5.4--6.2 extracted in KSCN probably
      represents tissue activator of psoriatic scales.

PMID- 686810
TI  - Dark effect of 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) on lymphocytes.
AB  - In order to find, whether 8-MOP has an inhibiting effect on the proliferation of
      lymphocytes in the dark, we studied in vitro the lymphocyte proliferation by a
      mitogen (HgCl2) and by an antigen (tuberculin) from 16 psoriatic patients during
      the first oral PUVA treatment immediately before 8-MOP intake (03.--0.5 mg/kg
      body weight), 2 h later (time of maximal serum concentration) and after 24 h. The
      percentages of B- and T-lymphocytes were measured from 15 other psoriatic
      patients at equal times. There was a significant decrease (P less than 0.05) of
      the lymphocyte proliferation after stimulation with HgCl2 in culture, 2 h after 8
      MOP, returning completely to the starting range after 24 h. On the contrary,
      neither the proliferation capacity of lymphocytes after stimulation with
      tuberculin nor the percentages of B- and T-lymphocytes were significantly
      changed. Obviously, 8-MOP, even without UVA irradiation, has a direct inhibiting
      effect on lymphocyte proliferation in concentrations therapeutically used.
      However, this effect is seen only with stimulation by a mitogen, not by an
      antigen. It cannot be explained by a change in the ratio between B- and T
      lymphocytes.

PMID- 686811
TI  - Synergistical effects of ficoll and phytohemagglutinin on human lymphocytes.
AB  - The influence of increasing concentration of the highly polymerized dectran
      Ficoll on cultured peripheral human blood lymphocytes stimulated or not
      stimulated by PHA was studied. The incorporation of 14C-thymidine into acid
      insoluble material of unstimulated lymphocytes has not been influenced in the
      presence of increasing concentrations of Ficoll either pretreated with chelating
      resin or not pretreated. Ficoll not pretreated with chelating resin potentiates
      the PHA-induced stimulation by the factor 4.3 at 0.1 mg Ficoll/ml culture medium,
      and by the factor 3.2 at 1.0 mg/ml when PHA stimulated HPBL were used. Ficoll
      after pretreatment with chelating resin does not influence the DNA-synthesis at
      0.1 mg Ficoll/ml medium, but causes a drop of the incorporation of 14C-thymidine
      by the factor 2.0 at 1.0 mg/ml. Using 10.0 mg per ml, both Ficoll preparation
      cause a decrease of the DNA-synthesis by the factor 2.5--3.0--probably a
      cytotoxic effect. The results obtained with emission spectrographic analysis and
      conductivity measurements show, that Ficoll after treatment with chelating resin
      contains about 10 times more ions (Mg, Ca, Na, Si) and has a 3.2-fold higher
      conductivity then Ficoll without pretreatment. It is possible that phenomena like
      electrochemical changes on the surface of the lymphocytes and osmotic alterations
      in the culture medium are responsible for these effects.

PMID- 686812
TI  - Psoralen/UVA treatment and chromosomes. II. Analyses of psoriasis patients.
AB  - Five psoriasis patients treated with 8-methoxypsoralen and UVA (PUVA) were
      studied by lymphocyte cultures at the 1st, 5th, 10th and 20th treatment and at a
      maintenance treatment 6 months later. Abnormal amounts of chromosome aberrations
      were not found, and the frequency of sister chromatid exchange (examined at the
      last treatment) was not increased. In vitro experiments with nanogram doses of
      psoralen (similar to plasma levels in patients) showed no increase in chromosome
      aberration or SCE freqency. The results indicate that therapeutic doses of PUVA
      have no clastogenic effect.

PMID- 686813
TI  - Staphylococci of the normal human skin flora. Variety of biotypes and
      antibiograms without direct correlations.
AB  - 352 strains of Staphylococci of the normal human skin flora were sampled from one
      volunteer by single scrabbing in a ca. 3 cm2 measuring area. They were biotyped
      by the scheme of Pelzer et al.(1973)--a modified Baird-Parker-Scheme (1963)--and
      the resistance to antibiotics was investigated by the method of Bauer et al.
      (1966). All the nine biotypes of Staphylococci were found in variable quantities.
      It seems problematic to call one biotype as the main type. Morphologically
      identical colonies of Staphylococci from the indigenous flora of the human skin
      were not identical in their biotypes as previously described by Pelzer (1976).
      Only the investigation of all Staphylococci colonies from the culture plate can
      evaluate all biotypes of Staphylococci of the normal human skin flora, and can
      give the right quantitative correlation. Staphylococci were found to be sensitive
      and resistant up to four antibiotics, and one biotype did not show one type of
      antibiogram.

PMID- 686814
TI  - On the occurrence of the contact allergen primin and other quinoid compounds in
      species of the family of primulaceae.
AB  - 82 different species of the Primulacea family have been investigated by a
      screening test. In 16 Primula species and 4 species of other genera the strong
      contact allergen primin could be detected by the Craven-test. Extracts of only 12
      plants gave no color reaction. In the remaining species other quinoid components
      were detectable. From 4 species new quinoid substances were isolated. Primin
      itself was obtained from Primula elatior and from the petals (corollas) of
      Primula obconica. The results indicate that the presence of primin and other
      quinones is determined by their origin and seasonal variations. It is supposed
      that some of the detected quinones may function as allergens and therefore may be
      responsible for the contact dermatitis described in the literature due to several
      Primula species and some other species of the same family. Some indications point
      to the suspicion that primin occurs in the plant as a glycoside which is
      separated by extraction treatment to give its quinole and an unknown substance.
      The quinole oxidizes then to the quinhydrone and finally to primin itself.

PMID- 686815
TI  - Erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in lichen planus.
AB  - Cotton et al [1] comparing glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) activity in
      biopsies from patients with lichen planus (LP) with that in normal skin suggested
      that LP might be associated with a congenital abnormality of the enzyme in the
      skin. Ryan et al. [7] were unable to confirm these results. It is known that
      individuals with erythrocyte G-6-PD deficiency show a similar decrease of the
      enzyme in the skin [2] and that skin biopsies can be used to diagnose favizm [3].
      The increased incidence of LP in the tropics [6, 8] coincides with the prevalence
      of erythrocyte G-6-PD deficiency in the same geographical region. The semi
      quantitative method of Motulsky did not reveal any difference of erythrocyte G-6
      PD activity between patients with LP and control subjects [5]. The present study
      reports the results obtained with a more sensitive method of erythrocyte G-6-PD
      determination in a group of Africans with LP. Thirty Nigerian patients with
      typical clinical picture of LP (23 men and 7 women), aged 15--45 were studied.
      Control 30 subjects were matched for age, sex and tribe and included persons
      suffering from scabies and mild pyogenic and superficial mycotic infections. The
      activity of the erythrocyte G-6-PD was determined at 37 degrees C using the WHO
      method [9]. Normal values for Northern Nigerians are 1200 +/- 234 mu/1010 red
      cells. The results (Fig. 1) show a decrease of the erythrocyte G-6-PD activity in
      patients with lichen planus (P less than 0.01). No relationship between
      erythrocyte G-6-PD activity and extensiveness, activity or age of onset of the
      skin lesions was found. The finding of decreased erythrocyte G-6-PD activities in
      patients with LP in an area where an increased incidence of this skin disease
      coincides with higher frequency of favizm might suggest a biochemical overlap
      between these two conditions. Holzmann et al [4] have suggested that the reverse
      situation of mutual exclusiveness exists between G-6-PD deficiency and psoriasis.
      In regions with high frequency of G-6-PD defiency psoriasis is uncommon.

PMID- 686816
TI  - Serum levels of 8-methoxypsoralen in psoriasis patients using a new
      fluorodensitometric method.
AB  - A method is described for the determination of 8-methoxypsoralen in human serum
      using a fluorodensitometric method. The fluorescence densitometry was carried out
      directly on the thin layer plate. The developing fluid consisted of
      chloroform/methanol. In patients with psoriasis after oral application of 8
      methoxypsoralen the peak serum levels are mostly found between 2 and 3 h. One
      milliliter serum is sufficient to determine 8-methoxypsoralen levels. The results
      are in accordance with those obtained with gas chromatographic methods.

PMID- 686817
TI  - Decrease in neutrophils observed in vivo in psoriatics after PUVA therapy.
AB  - In 56 patients leucocyte and differential counts were done before and at weekly
      intervals during PUVA treatment of chronic recalcitrant psoriasis. A statistical
      significant (P less than 0.01) decrease in the percentage of neutrophils was
      observed during the first week of the PUVA therapy. This observation could be
      closely related to the clinical clearing of psoriasis (P = 0.02). The effect of
      PUVA therapy in psoriasis may be due to a decrease in the number of
      immunocompetent neutrophils demonstrated in psoriatic lesions.

PMID- 686818
TI  - Effect of repeated ultraviolet irradiation on skin of hairless mice.
AB  - The effect of repeated UV-irradiation on mechanical and biochemical parameters
      was studied in skin of hairless mice. UV-A irradiation for a period of 1 h daily
      over 8 weeks caused only a slight increase in skin thickness and a decrease in
      ultimate strain. The changes induced by UV-B and C, however, were quite
      remarkable. Skin thickness was increased depending on the daily dose exposure
      time (15--90 s at an irradiation rate of 20 mW/cm2 UV-B and A and of 14 mW/cm2 UV
      C) and the duration of treatment (1--6 weeks). Ultimate load, tensile strength
      and modulus of elasticity showed an increase following medium dosages after 1 and
      2 weeks, however, a decrease after high dosages and longterm treatment. Ultimate
      strain was found to be the most sensitive parameter being decreased depending on
      exposure time and duration of treatment. Insoluble collagen and total collagen
      were decreased after long-term treatment thus being correlated with the
      mechanical parameters. The elastin content was only barely influenced and not
      correlated with the mechanical data, e.g. the modulus of elasticity. Thus, a
      favourable effect of short-term treatment with low doses of UV-irradiation of
      mechanical parameters of skin could be demonstrated. Long-term treatment with
      relatively high doses of UV-B, however, resulted in unfavourable effects, whereby
      first ultimate strain, then ultimate load, modulus of elasticity and tensile
      strength were decreased.

PMID- 686819
TI  - DNA-repair after UV-irradiation in skin fibroblasts from patients with actinic
      keratosis.
AB  - Autoradiographic counting technique was utilized to measure the ultraviolet
      induced unscheduled DNA synthesis of skin fibroblasts from 12 patients with
      chronic actinic keratosis and from 12 healthy donors of about the same age. In
      order to reveal a possible regional difference of DNA repair between the parts of
      the body ordinarily exposed and those parts unexposed to sunlight, two cell
      strains were used for each examined subject; one developed from the forehead skin
      and the other from the abdominal or axillary skin. Unscheduled DNA synthesis
      appeared depressed in actinic keratosis patients, as compared with controls. In
      all examined subjects however cell strains from exposed skin showed a DNA repair
      more active than cell strains from unexposed skin. These findings show that skin
      cancer may be promoted in actinic keratosis patients by a defect of DNA repair.
      The exalted DNA repair of chronically sun exposed skin is probably the
      consequence of a defensive process caused by enzymatic induction.

PMID- 686820
TI  - [Skincycle of a new spontaneous mutant (Nackig) with abnormal hair keratinization
      in the mouse (author's transl)].
AB  - The pathomorphological and pathophysiological reactions of the first skincycle of
      the mutant (Ng) were histologically investigated. 1. During the hair growth
      disturbances as the result of imperfect keratinisation changes of the morphology
      and function of different skin areas could be observed. 2. The developments of
      abnormal thinner hair growth were correlated to hyperorthokeratotic, inter
      respectively intrafollicular hyperplasia of the epidermis and to
      infraseboglandular hypoplasia of the follicles. 3. The hyper- and hypoplasia of
      the epidermis corresponded with a functional pseudohypo- and pseudohypertrophy of
      the cutis. 4. During the skincycle the perifollicular epithelium ranged from the
      inter- to intrafollicular skin areas. The inter- and intrafollicular epidermal
      sections varied simultaneously. 5. These results are important for the
      understanding of some pathomorphological and pathophysiological reactions of skin
      compartments of man.

PMID- 686821
TI  - Actinic elastosis in black skin. A light- and electronmicroscopic study.
AB  - In 9 otherwise dermatologically normal South African Balck volunteers (1--72
      years old), sunlight-exposed and non-exposed skin has been examined by light- and
      electronmicroscopy with special references to age-dependent and actinic
      alteration of dermal structures. Two 72 year old Blacks exhibited typical dermal
      elastosis: in 1 case to a marked extent and already detectable by
      lightmicroscopy, in the other case only to a mild degree. In contrast, only age
      related elastic fibers were revealed in the lower dermis of sunlight-exposed skin
      and in all dermal layers of unexposed skin. These observations are contradictory
      to the general view that actinic elastosis does not occur in Blacks. The
      elastotic material is obviously a de-novo synthesized and secreted pathological
      product of chronically UV-altered fibroblasts.

PMID- 686822
TI  - Ultrastructural studies of epidermis in acute radiation dermatitis. Basal lamina
      thickening and coated vesicles.
AB  - Fine structural changes of keratinocytes by X-ray were examined in normal skin
      area around a lesion of Bowen's disease. The area was exposed to about 6000 r
      over 28 days. The findings were: a decreased number of desmosomes and microvilli,
      formation of cytoplasmic vaculoes with or without membrane, perinuclear
      aggregation of tonofibrils, intracytoplasmic desmosomes and gap junction,
      cytoplasmic occurrence of dense bodies, lipid droplet and glycogen particles,
      changes in mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex, and deep
      invagination of the nuclear membrane. Besides these, conspicuous in the present
      study were, changes in the basal lamina which consisted of multiplication,
      thickening and occasional detachment from basal cells, and frequent occurrence of
      coated vesicles along with the basal lamina alteration. Possible exocytotic
      nature of coated vesicles in X-ray irradiated keratinocytes is discussed.

PMID- 686823
TI  - [Maturation and aging of elastic fibers (authors transl)].
AB  - The non-sunexposed skin of 12 healthy individuals was investigated under the
      electron microscope and the fine structure of normal elastic fibers was compared
      by different methods in 3 groups of age: 1--10 years, 30--50 years, and 60 years.
      1. The elastic fibers of human skin may be semiselectively stained with silver
      tetraphenylporphyrine sulfate (Ag-TPPS), uranyl acetate, lead citrate and tannic
      uranyl acetate. They are composed of an amorphous matrix which is interwoven and
      surrounded by microfilaments. Elastic fibers are fully developed in early periods
      of age, first showing numerous microfilaments as structural glycoproteins, and
      then the deposition of the amorphous proelastin to be transformed into elastin.
      2. The period of maturation is followed continuously by processes of
      physiological aging: a) decreasing number of microfilaments, b) appearing of
      electron-dense inclusions into the elastin matrix and c) fragmentation and
      disintegration of the fiber. 3. These changes indicate that aging of the fiber
      includes diminished synthesis of structural glycoproteins (microfilaments) and
      increasing content of osmiophilic groups, such as polar aminoacids, fatty acids
      and calcium salts. The fiber becomes thus more susceptible to the activity of
      elastase, and may totally disintegrate in older age.

PMID- 686824
TI  - Pseudolymphoma of skin induced by oriental hornet (Vespa orientalis) venom
      ultrastructural study.
AB  - A single subcutaneous injection of Oriental hornet venom into black mice led to
      the development of a subcutaneous nodule which showed no change during the period
      of 1 year. Study of the ultrastructure revealed an accumulation of lymphocytes
      and lymphoblasts and a few plasma cells with formation of Russel bodies. In
      addition, a few melanin-containing macrophages and macrophages filled with
      cellular debris were found. This reaction is compared to other pseudolymphomatous
      reactions in the dermis.

PMID- 686825
TI  - Impairement of thymus derived rosette forming cells during photochemotherapy
      (psoralen--U.V.A.).
AB  - Lymphocyte subpopulations were studied in 45 PUVA treated patients and in 45
      controls matched for sex and age. The results demonstrate that, in vivo PUVA
      induces a decrease in the capacity of the E-Rosette formation by lymphocytes
      separated from the peripheral blood. However, the circulating lymphocytes count
      remains unchanged. Mitogen induced blastogenesis is not affected. No correlation
      is found between the decrease in the level of E-rosettes, the disease which
      motivated PUVA therapy, the energy in UVA and the number of irradiation.
      Electrical and/or chemical modifications on the cell surface of the lymphocytes
      during PUVA therapy are postulated to explain this phenomenon.

PMID- 686826
TI  - Plasma kinin activation in tranexamic acid treated patients with hereditary
      angioneurotic edema.
AB  - Plasma kinin formation after in vitro activation of factor XII in the coagulation
      system was examined in 4 patients with hereditary angioneurotic edema. Compared
      to controls activationcurves showed a steeper increase and higher maximum levels.
      Administration of tranexamic acid to the patients resulted in partial
      normalisation of plasma kinin activation.

PMID- 686827
TI  - [Oxygen consumption of the spontaneous and artificially induced skincycle at
      different times of day (author's transl)].
AB  - In the "clean" rat skin purified from the panniculus carnosus the oxygen
      consumption of the spontaneous and artificially induced skincycle was measured at
      different times of day. The level of oxygen consumption correlated to diurnal and
      nocturnal periods. During the skincycle the oxygen consumption showed
      fluctuations. There were indications that the value of oxygen consumption of the
      early anagen is influenced by that phase of the cycle at which the new cycle is
      artificially induced. Furthermore, it was found that a certain decrease of oxygen
      consumption stimulates the quiescent hair follicles to spontaneous proliferation.
      During the katagen the peak value of the oxygen consumption seemed to be
      correlated with specially morphofunctional perifollicular changes. The
      application of these findings to the pathophysiology of human hair growth
      disturbances is discussed.

PMID- 686828
TI  - [Qualitative and quantitative investigations of the skin nerves of patients with
      psoriasis light- and electronmicroscopical study (author's transl)].
AB  - This study was aimed at investigating the role of the nerves in the
      pathomechanism of psoriasis. The structure of skin nerves of 10 patients with
      active psoriasis and of 6 healthy control persons has been studied by means of
      the microscope and the electron-microscope. Eight of the patients were subjected
      to punch biopsies of psoritatic plaques as well as clinically normal skin. No
      qualitative difference could be detected between the skin nerves from psoriatic
      patients and from healthy persons. Quantitative investigations showed that the
      density of myelinated and unmyelinated axons in psoriatic skin nerves did not
      differ from that in normal skin nerves in a statistically significant degree.
      This means that the ratio of myelinated to unmyelinated axons was alike in both
      normal and psoriatic skin nerves. Also the diameter distribution of myelinated
      and unmyelinated axons was similar. The difference in the degree of myelinisation
      and in the myelinperiodicity between psoriatic and control skin was not
      statistically significant. Neither qualitative nor quantitative morphologic
      alterations in the skin nerves of psoriatic persons could be detected.

PMID- 686829
TI  - [Bone findings in psoriasis].
AB  - Three female patients out of 40 psoriatics examined with scintigraphical methods
      (Tc-diphosphonate) were found to have a diffuse and circumscribed pathological
      increase of nuclide at the skull. These abarticular signes of proliferation at
      the bone-area indicate an early affection of skeleton of patients with psoriasis
      which is similar to the joint-scan that is mostly obtained in positive bone-scan.

PMID- 686830
TI  - Cockade-like vitiligo and linear vitiligo a variant of fitzpatrick's trichrome
      vitiligo.
AB  - The authors report 2 cases of atypical vitiligo in which they observed 1)
      "cockade-like" lesions resembling those of "trichrome" vitiligo (from the centre
      to the periphery, achromic area, hypochromic ring, normal or hyperchromic
      border), 2) numerous linear achromic lesions corresponding to former excoriations
      (Koebner's phenomenon, isomorphic phenomenon). Related affections are discussed
      with reference to these cases; the trichrome vitiligo described by Lerner and
      Fitzpatrick, and the primary leukomelanodermas described in black patients by
      Basset and by Sarrat and Nouhouayi.

PMID- 686831
TI  - The ultrastructure of mycobacterium marinum granuloma in man.
AB  - 3 biopsies of 3-5 week-old nodular lesions in 2 patients with so-called swimming
      pool (aquarium-) granuloma have been examined by electron microscopy. The
      cytohistological spectrum simultaneously comprises acute exudative as well as
      chronic proliferative phenomena. Epithelioid cells and collagen producing
      fibroblasts are already conspicious in 3 week-old granuloma. According to the
      cytological composition the Mycobacterium marinum granuloma represents a high
      turnover granuloma with immunogenic origin. It is comparable to mycobacterial
      diseases in the presence of well developed cell mediated immunity (Lupus
      vulgaris, tuberculoid leprosy). Degrading mycobacteria have been rarely detected
      in phagocytes and are compared with viable bacilli in macrophages of
      experimentally infected mice. Curved and annular parallel membranes ("worm-like
      structures") in the cytoplasm of transformed macrophages and in fibroblasts
      presumably originate from the membranes of endoplasmic reticulum. Cord-like
      structures with transverse bands (periodicity 170-180 A) in the lumen of RER of
      some fibroblasts are interpreted as intracellularly aggregated collagen
      precursors.

PMID- 686832
TI  - Specific Y chromosome fluorescence in interphase nuclei of epithelial cells in
      human buccal smears.
AB  - A simplified method is described to demonstrate Y chromosome fluorescence in
      interphase nuclei of epithelial cells in human buccal smears using Quinacrine
      Mustard. This technique turned out to be efficient in our hands and would be of
      value in determining the sex chromosomes in the epithelial cells of the skin in
      cases of allogeneic transplantations from females to males and vice versa to
      determine the peroid during which the grafts survived.

PMID- 686834
TI  - Arc Welders' pneumoconiosis: application of advanced scanning electron
      microscopy.
AB  - Study of lung tissue from necropsy of a 58-year-old arc welder with arc welders'
      pneumoconiosis, confirmed by history, chest radiography, and pathology,
      demonstrates the versatility and usefulness of new techniques in scanning
      electron microscopy (SEM). Secondary electron imaging, the most familiar SEM
      mode, showed heavy cellular infiltrates in alveoli, the interstitium, and within
      the interstices of loose whorled fibrotic nodules. Backscattered electron
      imaging, in which contrast is proportional to elemental atomic number, revealed
      intracellular metal particles not otherwise visible. Microprobe analysis, energy
      dispersive x-ray spectrometry, mapped elemeental iron over the particle image and
      identified traces of silicon in the whorled nodules. Arc welders' pneumoconiosis
      appears to be more than a benign siderosis resulting from particulate iron
      deposition. Simultaneous exposure to other components of welding fumes may alter
      the pathologic picture, inducing a more complicated fibrotic reaction. The more
      recently developed advanced techniques of SEM are well suited to the study of
      pneumoconioses and other problems of heterogenous tissue and mixed chemical
      systems.

PMID- 686833
TI  - Radioactive mercury distribution in biological fluids and excretion in human
      subjects after inhalation of mercury vapor.
AB  - The distribution of mercury in red blood cells (RBCs) and plasma, and its
      excretion in urine and feces are described in five human subjects during the
      first 7 days following inhalation of radioactive mercury vapor. A major portion
      (98%) of radioactive mercury in whole blood is initially accumulated in the RBCs
      and is transferred partly to the plasma compartment until the ratio of mercury in
      RBCs to plasma is about 2 within 20 hr. The cumulative urinary and fecal
      excretion of mercury for 7 days is about 11.6% of the retained dose, and is
      closely related to the percent decline in body burden of mercury. There is little
      correlation between either the urinary excretion and plasma radioactivity of
      mercury, or the specific activities of urine and plasma mercury, suggesting a
      mechanism other than a direct glomercular filtration involved in the urinary
      excretion of recently exposed mercury. These studies suggest that blood mercury
      levels can be used as an index of recent exposure, while urinary levels may be an
      index of renal concentration of mercury. Howver, there is no reliable index for
      mercury concentration in the brain.

PMID- 686835
TI  - Relationship between respiratory cancer and wetlands residency in Louisiana.
AB  - Cancer mortality is high among white men residing in southern Louisiana parishes
      (counties). In an effort to elucidate this phenomenon, we studied three
      environmental correlates of cancer-namely, smoking, residence in urban
      communities, and residence in the wetlands. Multiple regression analysis was
      applied to cancer mortalities adjusted for age and urban residency, and specific
      for race, sex, amount of standing water area in the parish, and cancer site.
      Cancer sites were grouped according to their correlation with smoking: strong,
      moderate, and no correlation. For men, the smoking-related cancer mortality not
      only showed an association with residence in wetlands but also was higher in the
      Louisiana wetlands than in the remainder of the United States.

PMID- 686836
TI  - Effect of vitamin E and ozone on pentane and ethane expired by rats.
AB  - Pentane and ethane, which arise during lipid peroxidation in vivo, were measured
      by gas chromatography in breath samples of rats fed for 8 weeks a vitamin E
      deficient diet to which had been added 0, 11, or 40 IU vitamin E acetate per kg.
      Further lipid peroxidation was induced by exposure of individual rats to 1 ppm
      ozone for 60 min. Nonparametric statistical analysis of the data for pentane
      expired before exposure of rats to ozone gave alpha values (alpha = 2P) of 0.006
      when the O vitamin E group was compared with either of the vitamin E-supplemented
      groups. For ethane, comparison of the O vitamin E group with the groups
      supplemented with 11 and 40 IU vitamin E/kg of diet were 0.0294 and 0.0080,
      respectively. Alpha values less than .05 were considered significant. After a 60
      min exposure of rats to 1 ppm ozone, the paired t-test showed pentane to be
      significantly (P less than .005) increased in only the rats fed the vitamin E
      deficient diet.

PMID- 686837
TI  - In vitro toxicity of tobacco smoke solutions to rabbit alveolar macrophages.
AB  - The biological activity of various cigarette smokes has been assessed by treating
      cell cultures of rabbit alveolar macrophages with salt solutions of "whole
      smoke," smoke "vapor phase," and smoke "particulate phase." The results of these
      tests revealed degrees of toxicity that varied in accordance with the smoke
      treatment used. Further, these differences in toxicity were statistically
      significant at the 95% confidence limit. Observations of changes in cell
      morphology on exposure to the smoke solutions indicated smoke toxicity to be
      caused, in part, interference with cell membrane activity.

PMID- 686838
TI  - Brake reaction time--effects of age, sex, and carbon monoxide.
AB  - Simulated braking responses have been tested in relation to blood
      carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) levels. The main determinants of percentage of HbCO in
      352 subjects attending a fall fair were daily cigarette consumption and minutes
      since the last cigarette. In women the brake response time deteriorated from age
      16 yr, but in the men there was an improvement from age 16 to the early 20s.
      Times at all ages were better for men than for women. Average response times and
      the rate of aging of the braking response were very similar in smokers and in
      nonsmokers. In the nonsmokers, however, response time with step function CO
      increments of as much as 7% HbCO. There was a suggestion of a small increase of
      reaction time, with an opposing decrease of leg movement time, during the first
      few minutes after CO exposure; nevertheless, these trends were statistically
      insignificant.

PMID- 686839
TI  - Fetal growth retardation and increased infant mortality at high altitude.

PMID- 686840
TI  - Abdominal pain in lead workers.
AB  - Thirty-four lead smelter workers with excessive lead absorption were evaluated
      and followed. Abdominal pain was present in 27 patients. Fifteen patients who had
      left the site of lead exposure experienced persisting abdominal pain for as long
      as 29 months; some of these demonstrated acceptable levels of lead in blood.
      There is no correlation between lead levels and persisting pain. Twenty-three
      patients developed abdominal pain with blood lead lower than 80 microgram/100 ml
      while working. Four out of 15 patients with persisting abdominal pain had blood
      lead between 40 and 60 microgram/100 ml while working. Typical lead-induced
      abdominal pain is a sensitive symptom of intoxication and may be a criterion for
      removal from exposure regardless of blood lead levels.

PMID- 686841
TI  - Subjective annoyance from noise compared with some directly measurable effects.
AB  - In epidemiological investigations of annoyance it is important to search for
      directly measurable effects that are associated with reports of annoyance. The
      relationship between reported experiences of annoyance, performance on an
      arithmetic test, and hormonal stress reactions was studied on 100 male students
      during acute exposure to 85 dB (A) of traffic noise in a laboratory setting. An
      association was demonstrated between reported feelings of annoyance, performance
      efficiency, and the subjects' experience of the influence of noise on their
      performance. The exposure to noise was found to affect performance more
      negatively in the more annoyed individuals. The results indicate that the
      annoyance-inclined individuals in a community may constitute a special risk group
      that will suffer more from the adverse effects of community noise.

PMID- 686842
TI  - Lead in deciduous teeth of Norwegian children.
AB  - Two thousand two-hundred and thirty-three deciduous teeth were collected from
      cities, industrialized areas, and rural and fishing communities in several
      Norwegian counties. Teeth from Medieval Bergen were also included. Lead analysis
      of whole teeth revelant that in Norway there are many communities where lead
      absorption is minimal and comparable to background absorption in ancient
      societies. Such conditions are reflected in a lead level of 2.92 microgram/g in
      deciduous teeth. However, the analysis also revealed that urbaization and
      industrialization increased lead absorption, although the mean level recorded in
      Norway of 3.73 microgram/g was far lower than normal levels found in other
      countries. Automobile exhaust was rejected as an important source of undue lead
      absorption. This study indicated that 0.18% of Norwegian children from the ages
      of 7 to 12 yr may have been victims of undue absorption, reflected in a tooth
      lead level of about 70 microgram/g.

PMID- 686843
TI  - Experimental studies on human health effects of air pollutants. IV. Short-term
      physiological and clinical effects of nitrogen dioxide exposure.
AB  - Adult male volunteers were exposed to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) at 1.0 ppm in
      purified air under conditions simulating ambient photochemical smog exposures (2
      hr exposure with intermittent light exercise at 31 degrees C and 35% relative
      humidity). Sham exposures to purified air alone served as controls. Exposure
      effects were assessed by pulmonary physiological tests and by a standardized
      clinical evaluation. No statistically physiological changes attributable to NO2
      exposure were found except for a marginal loss in forced vital capacity after
      exposure on two successive days (1.5% mean decrease, P less than .05). Reported
      respiratory and other symptoms were slightly increased with exposure as compared
      to control, but the change was not significant. Short-term toxicity of NO2 at
      peak ambient concentrations appears to be substantially less than that of ozone
      in healthy people, but adverse NO2 effects in diseased people or in long-term
      exposures cannot be ruled out at present.

PMID- 686844
TI  - Human alveolar deposition of 4 micron teflon particles.
AB  - On two occasions ten healthy men inhaled with maximally deep inhalations at 0.5
      1/sec a test aerosol of 4 micron teflon particles tagged with 111In.
      Radioactivity in the lungs was measured a few min, 24 hr, and 2, 3, and 4 days
      after inhalation. Retention decreased greatly between the measurements performed
      a few min and 24 hr after inhalation, but was similar in measurements 1 to 4 days
      after inhalation. Among individuals, retention varied considerably 1 to 4 days
      after inhalation (by a factor of 2), but the retention in each individual subject
      was uniform. Measuring the retention of a radioactively tagged test aerosol 1 day
      after inhalation, and regarding this retention as alveolar deposition, might be
      of value in preventive measures against certain toxic dusts.

PMID- 686845
TI  - A nonoccupational outbreak of inorganic mercury vapor poisoning.
AB  - An outbreak of inorganic mercury vapor poisoning involving 12 people occurred in
      a trailer park in Mississippi in 1973-74. For information concerning levels of
      mercury in hair and blood of humans with short-term exposures, these individuals
      were observed for as long as 10 months after the end of their exposures, and the
      amount of mercury in their blood and scalp hair was serially measured. Specimens
      were also obtained from nonexposed individuals in the trailer park. Inorganic
      mercury was measured in 1-cm segments of hair samples obtained both 6 and 9
      months after termination of exposure. Over a 3-month period, the peak amount of
      inorganic mercury per gram of hair shifted in position from 7 cm to 13 cm from
      the scalp. The average mercury concentration in newly formed hair (the 4 cm of
      hair closest to the scalp) decreased fourfold over the same time period. Surface
      contamination of exposed hair by exogenous mercury also occurred. Levels of
      inorganic mercury in blood from exposed individuals ranged from 183 to 620 ng/ml
      and fell to levels similar to those of controls 4 to 6 months after ending
      exposure. The source of the outbreak was metallic mercury spilled on rugs.
      Attempts to remove the mercury failed and actually dispersed the metal over a
      larger surface area. Air mercury levels as high as 1.0 mg/m3 of air were found in
      one of the contaminated house trailers. Rugs or carpets contaminated with
      metallic mercury are a significant health risk.

PMID- 686846
TI  - Polyneuritis incidence in shoe factory workers: cases report and etiological
      considerations.
AB  - This study describes an outbreak of polyneuropathies in an artificial leather
      shoe factory. Thirty-seven females employed in the factory were examined;
      clinical findings and hematochemical data suggest a possible role of
      tricresylphosphate (TCP) in the genesis of these polyneuropathies. A high
      percentage of subjects evidenced definite signs of upper-motor neuron
      involvement, which appeared at an early or late stage of the disease. A
      statistically significant (P less than .001) reduction of red-blood-cell
      acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was found in the subjects. The ascertained upper
      motor neuron involvement suggests a connection with previously described
      intoxications by TCP- by ingestion or occupational poisoning. The reduction of
      AChE seems attributable to TCP, and not to n-hexane, whose anti-AChE activity has
      never been demonstrated.

PMID- 686847
TI  - Effects of exercise on mice exposed to ozone.
AB  - The effects of exercise on response to ambient levels of ozone exposure were
      studied by using a sensitive indicator of the pulmonary effect of ozone, viz.,
      the elevation of reduced glutathione levels in the lungs. Mice were exposed to
      0.2, 0.5, or 1.0 ppm ozone for 3 hr daily for 4 days. For exercise study, animals
      were placed in a rotating cage in which they were alternately exercised and
      rested every 15 min during exposure periods. The susceptibility of mice to the
      pulmonary effects of ozone was found to be approximately tripled by concurrent
      exercise. The results indicate the importance of exercise in the evaluation of
      health hazards from photochemical smog.

PMID- 686848
TI  - Physiological effects of acute passive exposure to cigarette smoke.
AB  - Effects of passive inhalation of cigarette smoke at levels typically encountered
      in public buildings have been investigated. Twenty normal male and female
      nonsmokers (18 to 30 years) were each exposed for two hours on alternate days (in
      random order) to either room air or room air plus machine-produced cigarette
      smoke. Exposures were conducted in an unventilated chamber (14.6 m3).
      Subdivisions of lung volume, maximum expiratory flow-volume curves, single-breath
      nitrogen washout curves, blood carboxyhemoglobin levels, and heart rates were
      obtained before, during, and after exposure. A submaximal bicycle ergometer test
      and a symptom questionnaire were also administered after exposure. Statistical
      analysis revealed several significant differences between test and control days;
      the magnitude of the changes was small and of questionable biological
      significance, however, particularly when account was taken of the number of
      statistical comparisons made. Despite the relatively small physiological changes,
      subjective complaints were common-cough, and eye irritation, for example. It is
      concluded that in normal subjects the magnitude of physiological responses to
      acute exposures is minimal; thus arguments concerning effects rest on
      symptomatology and such other factors as the unknown risks of chronic exposure.

PMID- 686849
TI  - Residence under an airport landing pattern as a factor in teratism.

PMID- 686850
TI  - Scalp hair as a monitor of community exposure to lead.

PMID- 686851
TI  - [Hemophagocytic sinus histiocytosis with pseudolymphomatous lymphadenopathy. 2
      new cases with ultrastructural study (author's transl)].

PMID- 686852
TI  - [Relapsing abdominal fibromatosis in a child. Classification (author's transl)].

PMID- 686853
TI  - [Pulmonary signs of cryptococcosis. Electron microscopy (author's transl)].

PMID- 686854
TI  - [Lobular carcinoma in situ on a breast fibroadenoma (author's transl)].

PMID- 686855
TI  - [A new variety of chondrosarcoma: so-called "chondroblastic" sarcomas or "clear
      cell" chondrosarcomas. Pathology and electron microscopy in 5 cases (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 686856
TI  - [The role of histopathology in the diagnosis of mycetomas. Two cases of
      maduromycosis. Actinomadura pelletieri and Leptosphaeria tompkinsii (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 686857
TI  - Joint hypermobility leading to osteoarthrosis and chondrocalcinosis.
AB  - We have reviewed 21 adults referred to rheumatology clinic and considered to have
      generalised joint hypermobility by the criteria of Carter and Wilkinson (1964),
      modified by Beighton et al. (1973). They fell into two categories. 5 patients had
      a raised plasma viscosity (PV) and in each case a definite pathology was found to
      account for this, superimposed on hypermobile joints. The remaining 16 had a
      normal PV and this group was thought to represent the late natural history of
      hypermobility. 5 of these (aged 32 to 54 years) had no evidence of osteoarthrosis
      but the remaining 11 (aged 34 to 80 years) had widespread radiological
      osteoarthrosis. Synovial histology was obtained at arthroscopy in 6 of these
      patients and 4 (aged 60 to 75) had chondrocalcinosis. This previously undescribed
      finding may be the end result of hypermobile joints. Hypermobile patients with
      joint deformity (lax connective tissue), widespread synovial thickening
      (traumatic), and hot joint effusions (chondrocalcinosis) may mimic rheumatoid
      arthritis. They must be distinguished from patients who develop rheumatoid
      arthritis in hypermobile joints.

PMID- 686858
TI  - Precipitating antibodies to cellular antigens in Sjogren's syndrome, rheumatoid
      arthritis, and other organ and nonorgan-specific autoimmune diseases.
AB  - The prevalence of three precipitating antibodies, anti-SS-A anti-SS-B, and
      rheumatoid arthritis precipitin (RAP), reacting with an extract of the human
      lymphoid cell line Wil2, was studied in the sicca syndrome, Sjogren's syndrome
      with rheumatoid arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, various seronegative
      spondyloarthritides, and organ and nonorgan-specific autoimmune disease. Anti-SS
      A and snti-SS-B occurred most frequently in the sera of patients with the sicca
      syndrome whereas RAP occurred most frequently in seropositive rheumatoid
      arthritis sera. However, the data did not support previous studies where patients
      with sicca syndrome had a high incidence of anti-SS-A and/or -SS-B antibodies but
      had a low frequency of RAP, and patients with Sjogren's syndrome in association
      with rheumatoid arthritis had a high incidence of RAP but a low incidence of anti
      SS-A and/or -SS-B. Instead the three antibodies were present in both forms of
      Sjogren's syndrome. This suggested a difference in the diseases in the UK
      compared to the USA, or that these antibodies do not have the more subtle
      diagnostic specificity that was originally suggested.

PMID- 686859
TI  - Experience with Silastic prostheses in the rheumatoid hand. A 5-year follow-up.
AB  - Nine patients with rheumatoid arthritis, who had Silastic prostheses (Swanson's)
      introduced into 34 metacarpophalangeal joints, were reviewed 5 years after
      surgery. The most important long-term advantage conferred by the introduction of
      prostheses was pain relief; functional benefit was marginal. The majority of
      prostheses eventually fractured but this did not necessarily lead to a functional
      deterioration. Impairment of function was usually the result of loss of flexion
      at the metacarpophalangeal joints, but it was sometimes due to excessive
      instability after fracture of the prostheses. It is suggested that Silastic joint
      replacement may be a worthwhile procedure in rheumatoid patients with moderate
      destruction or deformity of the metacarpophalangeal joints when pain is a
      predominant feature. Significant functional improvement can be anticipated only
      when secondary to pain relief.

PMID- 686860
TI  - Rheumatoid polyarthritis after rubella.
AB  - A 21-year-old woman developed persistent polyarthritis indistinguishable from
      rheumatoid arthritis after rubella. The arthritis persisted for approximately 30
      months and was associated with high levels of antibody to rubella virus and with
      rheumatoid factor. The antibody titres declined pari passu with clinical
      improvement which progressed to complete resolution. Fractionation of serial
      serum specimens showed a substantial and persistent IgM antibody response to
      rubella virus. Rubella antigen was not demonstrated in the synovial exudate.

PMID- 686861
TI  - Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis with cardiac tamponade.
AB  - A 4-year-old girl with seronegative systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
      developed acute cardiac tamponade. Pericardiocentesis and systemic
      corticosteroids resulted in complete recovery of the pericardial involvement.
      This was followed by complete remission of rheumatoid disease.

PMID- 686862
TI  - Thrombocytosis in rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 686863
TI  - Somatomedin activity in synovial fluid from patients with joint diseases.
AB  - The somatomedin activity in synovial fluids from 50 patients with a variety of
      joint diseases has been studied and compared with the activity in each of the
      patient's own serum and a standard reference serum (SRS). The porcine costal
      cartilage bioassay of Van den Brande and Du Caju (1974a) has been used with the
      isotopes 3H-thymidine and 35S-sulphate. Synovial fluids from most patients with
      post-traumatic and post-operative effusions, osteoarthritis and arthritis
      associated with psoriasis, Reiter's disease, and ankylosing spondylitis
      stimulated the synthesis of DNA and proteoglycans in cartilage. Synovial fluids
      from patients with rheumatoid arthritis either had impaired capacity to stimulate
      DNA synthesis, or they inhibited it; a similar, but less evident pattern was
      observed for proteoglycan synthesis. Some synovial fluids from patients with
      miscellaneous synovitides stimulated, while others inhibited cartilage
      metabolism. It is concluded that the synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid
      arthritis and from some patients with miscellaneous synovitides contained an
      inhibitor(s) to DNA and possibly proteoglycan synthesis. The sera from nearly all
      the patients stimulated both DNA and proteoglycan synthesis, but the somatomedin
      potency ratios for serum in terms of SRS were generally less than 1.0. There was
      a significant inverse correlation between the serum somatomedin potency ratio and
      the age of the patient.

PMID- 686864
TI  - Prostaglandin production in arthritis.
AB  - Inflammatory cell populations from synovial effusions or synovial villi in
      rheumatoid arthritis have been cultured in vitro. Prostaglandin productive
      capacity, measured by radioimmunoassay, showed the polymorphonuclear leucocyte
      rich populations from synovial effusions to be poor sources of PGE production
      whereas the synovial fragments produced substantial amounts of PGE activity. It
      is suggested that the macrophage is the major source of local prostaglandin
      formation both in gout and rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 686865
TI  - The relationship between uric acid and potassium in normal subjects.
AB  - The serum uric acid concentration in normal healthy subjects has been studied in
      relation to sex, height, weight, lean body mass measured from total body
      potassium and predicted from the Hume-Weyers formula (1971), total body
      potassium, plasma potassium and urea, and packed cell volume. The strongest
      correlation was found with sex, but height, weight, total body potassium, lean
      body mass (measured and predicted) also correlated significantly with serum uric
      acid concentration. However, when the sex variable was removed, the other factors
      lost their significant correlation. Finally, total red blood cell and plasma
      volumes were predicted (Hume and Goldberg, 1964) and from these an estimate of
      total plasma uric acid, total plasma potassium, and total red blood cell
      potassium obtained. Measured total body potassium was found to correlate well
      with total plasma potassium and total red blood cell potassium independent of
      sex. Total plasma uric acid correlated well with measured total body potassium
      when both sexes were considered and when separated into male and female groups
      the males retained a significant correlation as did the female group.

PMID- 686866
TI  - Studies of lymphocytes in rheumatoid arthritis. I. Uptake of 125I-heat aggregated
      human IgG by Fc-receptor bearing lymphocytes.
AB  - The uptake of 125I-heat aggregated human IgG (125I-HAGG) by monocyte-free
      peripheral blood lymphocytes was investigated in patients with active rheumatoid
      arthritis (RA), inactive RA patients with other inflammatory joint diseases
      (ankylosing spondylitis and Still's disease), and in normal controls. The
      lymphocytes of patients with RA, whether active or inactive, showed significantly
      raised levels of 125I-HAGG uptake when compared with normals. Patients with other
      inflammatory joint diseases showed normal levels of HAGG uptake. High uptake was
      not due to the presence of cytophilic antibodies and was not related to drug
      treatment, rheumatoid factor status, patient age, duration of disease, and did
      not correlate with disease activity. These results indicate that Fc-receptor
      bearing lymphocytes in patients with RA differ from those of normal subjects and
      patients with other inflammatory joint diseases. This difference was not due to
      differences in numbers of Fc-receptor bearing lymphocytes but may be due either
      to increased numbers of Fc-receptors on each cell or to increased avidity of such
      receptors for HAGG.

PMID- 686867
TI  - Studies on cold insoluble globulin. I Concentrations in citrated plasma in
      rheumatic disorders.
AB  - Cold insoluble globulin (CIG) is a normal glycoprotein of human serum and plasma.
      The physiological significance of this protein is unknown, but is shows a
      temperature-dependent relation to fibrinogen and fibrin. It is possible that it
      represents a substrate for activated fibrin-stabilising factor in the
      polymerisation of fibrin. CIG is found on the surface of fibroblasts. In the
      present study CIG was estimated in citrated plasma in 115 patients with rheumatic
      diseases. Increased amounts were found in patients with systemic lupus
      erythematosus, secondary amyloidosis in classical and definite rheumatoid
      arthritis, and in male patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 686868
TI  - Brain scan diagnosis of central nervous system involvement in systemic lupus
      erythematosus.
AB  - Twenty-five patients with 29 episodes of active systemic lupus erythematosus with
      central nervous system involvement were studied according to a uniform protocol.
      Brain scans were found to be abnormal in all patients studied, and
      electroencephalograms were abnormal in 20/25 patients. Serial brain scanning was
      found to be useful in the diagnosis of exacerbations and the monitoring of
      corticosteroid dosage.

PMID- 686869
TI  - Nitroblue tetrazolium test in psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and
      osteoarthrosis.
AB  - Nitroblue tetrazolium test scores were obtained in 43 patients with psoriatic
      arthritis, 32 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and 16 patients with
      osteoarthrosis. The mean score in all groups was similar and was higher than
      previously reported in patients awaiting heart surgery or with noninfective
      dermatoses. The test is not thought to be helpful in differentiating psoriatic
      arthritis from rheumatoid arthritis, and its usefulness in the diagnosis of
      septic arthritis superimposed on other forms of arthropathy is limited.

PMID- 686870
TI  - Neutropenia during treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with levamisole.
AB  - Of 60 patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with levamisole 35% showed a
      persistent decrease in neutrophil counts from pre-treatment levels and 6 (10%)
      develped severe neutropenia of less than 1.0 X 10(9)/1. One of these neutropenic
      patients recoverd without stopping therapy and the other 5 patients recovered
      rapidly when the drug was withdrawn. In some patients neutropenia recurred on
      reinstitution of levamisole.

PMID- 686871
TI  - Metal sensitivity in patients with a hinge arthroplasty of the knee.
AB  - Fifty patients who had received a hinge arthroplasty of the knee were
      investigated for possible metal sensitivity. Patients were patch tested against
      all the metal constituents of the prosthesis. Positive patch tests were found in
      32% of patients. Seventeen patients had either lossening or a persistent sterile
      discharge from the knee. No correlation was found between these complications and
      metal sensitivity. It was concluded that metal sensitivity is probably not a
      primary factor in the pathogenesis of complications, particularly loosening.

PMID- 686872
TI  - Observer variation in examination of knee joints.
AB  - The knees of 20 patients with rheumatoid arthritis were each examined on two
      occasions on the same morning by three observers. Assessments were made of joint
      warmth, synovial thickening, effusion, instability, quadriceps power, bony
      enlargement, range of movement, and knee circumference, and were graded on a
      scale of 0-4. Analysis of the results shows close intraobserver agreement for all
      measurements but considerable interobserver variation for all subjective
      measurements.

PMID- 686873
TI  - Studies with pain rating scales.
AB  - Good correlation has been shown between pain scores derived from 4 different
      rating scales. The correlation was maintained when presentation of the scales was
      separated by a series of questions and by physical examination. There is good
      evidence that the 4 scales are measuring the same underlying pain variable as
      they calibrate well. There is also evidence that an 11-point (0-10) numerical
      rating scale performs better than both a 4-point simple descriptive scale or a
      continuous (visual analogue) scale.

PMID- 686874
TI  - Incidence of gastric side effects in controlled trials with unbranded aspirin and
      with various long-acting aspirin preparations.

PMID- 686875
TI  - Thoracolumbar spine abnormalities in rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 686876
TI  - Serum copper levels in rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 686877
TI  - Provocative agents and the diagnosis of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid gland.
AB  - Twenty-six patients with known or suspected medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) and
      21 normal control subjects were tested intravenously on four separate days with
      calcium gluconate (CG), 2 mg Ca(++)/kg/1 min.; pentagastrin (P), 0.5 ug/kg/ 5
      sec.; calcium chloride (CC), 3 mg Ca(++)/kg/10 min.; and a combination of calcium
      gluconate and pentagastrin (CG + P). Calcitonin (CT) levels were determined by
      radioimmunoassay on plasma collected before and immediately following each test
      infusion. In none of the 21 control subjects was there a clear increase in CT
      above 200 pg/ml following any of the four provocative tests. Conversely, in all
      26 patients with known or suspected MTC, plasma CT levels were markedly increased
      (>300 pg/ml) following the combined infusion of CG + P. The peak CT response was
      greater with CG + P than with a) CG alone (22 of 24 patients, p < 0.002), b) P
      alone (25 of 26 patients, p < 0.002), or c) CC alone (17 of 17 patients, p <
      0.002). Of 12 MTC patients with undetectable basal calcitonin levels, all had
      peak responses greater than 300 pg/ml following CG + P, whereas such responses
      occurred less often following CG alone (8 of 12) or P alone (8 of 12). The
      results demonstrate that the combined administration of pentagastrin and calcium
      gluconate constitutes a more effective and reliable stimulus for CT secretion
      from MTC cells than the use of either agent alone, and appears the most useful
      single screening test for the detection of occult MTC.

PMID- 686878
TI  - Prevention of liver reticuloendothelial systemic host defense failure after
      surgery by intravenous opsonic glycoprotein therapy.
AB  - Depression of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) was observed in rats following
      operative trauma consisting of laparotomy and jejunal enterotomy. This RES
      depression was manifested as a significant impairment in the phagocytic clearance
      of intravenously injected blood-borne test colloid mediated by a decline in
      hepatic Kupffer cell phagocytosis. Reticuloendothelial systemic host defense
      depression was correlated with a significant decline in bioassayable and
      immunoreactive opsonic alpha(2)SB glycoprotein concentration over a 1-3 hr
      postoperative period with rebound elevation in opsonic activity by 24 hr
      postsurgery. Intravenous administration of purified opsonic alpha(2)SB
      glycoprotein at the end of the operation prevented postoperative opsonic
      deficiency and restored normal hepatic RES phagocytic function. These studies
      coupled with previous observations in patients following surgery or after severe
      multiple trauma suggest that reticuloendothelial depression during and after
      operation mediated by opsonic deficiency may lead to a precarious imbalance
      between systemic host defense and the dissemination of blood-borne foreign and
      effete particulate matter such as injured platelets, fibrin microaggregates and
      immune complexes. Immunoreactive serum opsonic alpha(2)SB glycoprotein
      determinations may serve as a valuable index of hepatic RE clearance capacity and
      opsonin therapy may potentially be a selective means to augment systemic host
      defense.

PMID- 686879
TI  - Improved limb salvage after arterial embolectomy.
AB  - Between January 1965 and August 1977, 122 patients with 135 arterial emboli were
      treated on the Peripheral Vascular Service at the Ohio State University Hospital.
      The heart was the source of the embolus in 94 patients (77%), one-third of whom
      had experienced a myocardial infarct. Thirteen patients died after the operation,
      which in 102 patients (84%) consisted of embolectomy only, making the hospital
      mortality 10.6%. Fourteen patients (11.5%) required subsequent amputations during
      the same hospitalization or on a later admission. The corrected limb salvage rate
      of 80.9% was unrelated to the length of delay in presentation. Although only 70
      patients (57.4%) had palpable distal pulses following operation, 89 (73%) had a
      functional limb at the time of discharge or on later follow-up. An aggressive
      approach to the patient with an arterial embolus, regardless of the duration of
      symptoms, is urged. Embolectomy under local anesthesia is advocated in all cases
      after prompt correction of fluid and electrolyte imbalance and stabilization of
      the underlying cardiac disorder, except in patients with frank gangrene and
      irreversible rigor. In the absence of distal pulses or obvious revascularization,
      an intraoperative arteriogram is mandatory.

PMID- 686881
TI  - Results of 100 consecutive femoropopliteal vein grafts for limb salvage.
AB  - One hundred consecutive patients with femoropopliteal autogenous vein grafts for
      limb salvage were reviewed five years later. In this group 40% died and 30% of
      the limbs had been lost at the end of five years. Limb survival correlated best
      with adequacy of distal run-off, but not with the presence or absence of
      diabetes. Forty-seven per cent of the grafts were still patent among surviving
      patients, and when combined with the limbs that were viable despite failure of
      the original graft, 70% of the limbs were salvaged among the survivors at five
      years. Temporary graft patency was effective in preserving ischemic tissue by
      facilitating healing of ulcers or limited amputations. Femoral-popliteal bypass
      grafting in the presence of advanced ischemia is capable of improving the quality
      of life for many of these patients.

PMID- 686880
TI  - Human umbilical veins and autogenous veins as canine arterial bypass grafts.
AB  - Glutaraldehyde treated human umbilical veins (Dardik Biograft) were used to
      bypass short segments of the femoral artery in 15 dogs and were compared to
      autogenous jugular veins placed in the contralateral femoral artery of each
      animal. All 15 autogenous jugular veins remained patent for the four month period
      of observation whereas thrombosis occurred in seven of 15 umbilical vein grafts.
      This patency rate of 53% was significantly lower than that observed for
      autogenous jugular veins (p less than 0.01). Neointimal Fibrous Hyperplasia (NFH)
      a the proximal anastomosis was responsible for six of the seven umbilical vein
      graft occlusions. Of the eight patent umbilical veins, five had varying degrees
      of proximal anastomotic stenosis secondary to NFH. Histological examination of
      each graft revealed significant fibroblastic proliferation and collagen
      deposition within the lumen of stenosed and thrombosed grafts. Although human
      umbilical veins have distinct advantages over other prosthetics, such as
      availability and flexibility, the incidence of experimental neointimal fibrous
      hyperplasia causing anastomotic stenosis and thrombosis is prohibitively high.

PMID- 686882
TI  - Leg ischemia following surgery for abdominal aortic aneurysm.
AB  - Resection of an abdominal aortic aneurysm was associated with intraoperative or
      postoperative leg ischemia in seven of 100 consecutive survivors of this
      procedure. Distal embolization of thrombus and debris is the apparent cause in
      the majority of cases (six). One case of stenosis at a graft-to-vessel
      anastomosis was identified. Early (intraoperative) thromboembolectomy averted
      tissue loss in four cases. The role of concurrent lumbar sympathectomy in
      ameliorating ischemic tissue loss is evaluated. Postaneurysmectomy leg ischemia
      may accompany other serious complications, particularly hypotension and renal
      failure.

PMID- 686883
TI  - Thymomas in patients with myasthenia gravis.
AB  - The records of 141 patients with myasthenia gravis who had thymomas were
      reviewed. In this series there were 69 noninvasive tumors and 52 invasive tumors.
      The five year survival for all patients was 60%, with the invasive group
      demonstrating a poorer prognosis than the noninvasive. The remission rates for
      the whole group (both invasive and noninvasive) of myasthenics was quite low
      (7%). Although the overall survival of this series of patients was relatively
      high, it is felt that by earlier diagnosis and a more aggressive surgical
      approach their prognosis will be even better.

PMID- 686884
TI  - Decreases in histamine forming enzyme activity of non-metastasizing fibrosarcomas
      in hamsters with progressive tumor growth.
AB  - A marked and progressive decrease in the activity of the histamine forming
      enzyme, histidine decarboxylase (HDC), of tumors was found to be associated with
      the progressive growth of SV-40 virus induced and transplanted syngeneic non
      metastasizing fibrosarcomas in inbred LSH Syrian hamsters. Histamine forming
      enzyme activity was highest in the smallest tumors (p < .005) and in the tumors
      with the slowest growth rate (p < .005, r - 0.84). Tumor histamine forming enzyme
      activity was highest for each interval of animal exposure to inoculated tumor
      cells in those animals which had limited their tumor growth to the smallest tumor
      size. These findings suggested a local anti-inflammatory effect of progressive
      tumor growth. Induced local inflammation by repeated intratumor injections of
      bradykinin markedly elevated tumor histamine forming enzyme activity above
      expected levels for tumors of the same size in a small group of individual
      animals which were sampled at random from a larger group of animals which were
      being studied for the tumor growth kinetics effects of repeated intralesional
      injections of bradykinin. Tumor histamine forming enzyme activity was highest in
      those animals which were managed by the frequency of injection and dose schedules
      which were found in the tumor growth kinetics study to be most effective in
      limiting tumor growth. These findings suggested that the observed anti
      inflammatory effects of progressive tumor growth may be reversed by locally
      induced inflammation at the tumor site with beneficial effects on tumor growth.

PMID- 686885
TI  - Some properties shared by amino acids and entero-oxyntin.
AB  - The intestinal phase of gastric secretion has been thought to be due to the
      release of a hormone from the gut mucosa, and several properties have been
      attributed to this as-yet unidentified hormone. An amino acid solution, known to
      stimulate gastric secretion, was tested to see if it possesses several of these
      properties, i.e., inactivation by the liver, and the ability to augment the
      maximum responses to pentagastrin and histamine. In six dogs with Heidenhain
      pouches the gastric secretory responses to peripheral and portal intravenous
      administration of a solution of mixed L-amino acids were measured. The mean peak
      response of three such separate peripheral infusions in each dog was 370
      microEq/30 minutes while the peak response to intraportal infusion was only 45
      microEq/30 minutes (p < .05). In three dogs with Heidenhain pouches the
      intravenous administration of amino acids together with pentagastrin resulted in
      significant augmentation of the peak response to pentagastrin alone (p < .025).
      Similarly, administration of amino acids with histamine resulted in augmentation
      of the peak response to histamine alone (p < .05). Because amino acids mimic the
      actions of the "intestinal phase hormone" in these respects it is suggested that
      they may account, at least in part, for the intestinal phase of gastric
      secretion. In addition, amino acids absorbed during protein digestion may
      contribute to the gastric hypersecretion which is regularly seen with
      portosystemic shunts.

PMID- 686886
TI  - Influence of histocompatibility and transplant site on survival.
AB  - Suggestions that endocrine tissue is privileged, in that it may not be as
      severely damaged by the allograft reaction, provided the stimulus for an
      evaluation of thyroid transplantation across various histocompatibility barriers
      and into a number of different recipient sites. Results of allografting reveal
      that Ag-B compatibility allows for prolonged survival of thyroid tissue (much
      longer than skin in the same histocompatibility combinations) in the following
      sites: intramuscular, intradermal, renal subcapsular, and anterior chamber. Only
      the intrasplenic site, however, did not allow survival of even weakly
      incompatible grafts. In addition, all recipients of thyroid allografts rejected
      subsequent donor strain skin grafts in an accelerated manner, attesting to the
      normal antigenicity of thyroid. This finding, that thyroid is a "relatively
      privileged" tissue, has not been reported previously and is encouraging, since it
      suggests the potential success of clinical transplantation of other endocrine
      tissue less easily replaced than thyroid by administration of naturally occurring
      of synthetic analogues. Further, mild immunosuppression may serve to prolong
      survivals of allografts of endocrine tissue such as parathyroid or pancreatic
      islets, especially if an immunologically privileged site is employed.

PMID- 686887
TI  - Susceptibility of the pancreas to ischemic injury in shock.
AB  - The pancreas, like the kidney, is highly vulnerable to ischemic necrosis. This
      form of pancreatic injury may express itself as prolonged hyperamylasemia with
      only minimal signs or symptoms of inflammation, or may produce severe
      pancreatitis followed by abscesses and death. Autopsy examination of patients
      dying after oligemic shock showed a 9% incidence of major pancreatic injury if
      there was not concomitant acute renal tubular necrosis (ATN), but a 50% incidence
      in those with ATN. Similarly, among patients dying after non-oligemic shock, 12%
      of those without ATN had major pancreatic injury but 35% with ATN also had
      pancreatic ischemic injury. Among 13 selected patients examined prospectively
      after being in shock, pancreatic injury was indicated by hyperamylasemia,
      hyperlipasemia, elevated amylase/creatinine clearance ratio, and elevated
      circulating isoamylases specifically of pancreatic origin. Four of the 13 had
      clinical manifestations of pancreatitis. Not only must shock be added to this
      list of causes of pancreatitis, but pancreatic ischemia due to hypoperfusion may
      also be the critical factor which causes the progression from edema to necrosis
      in other forms of pancreatitis, including those associated with alcohol and
      biliary disease.

PMID- 686888
TI  - Antibiotic concentration in human wound fluid after intravenous administration.
AB  - Since the wound is the most common focus of infection in the surgical patient,
      adequate levels of antibiotic within the wound ar essential. This study examines
      the concentrations of antibiotic achieved in human wounds. Fluid was collected at
      timed intervals on the first postoperative day from the wounds of 56 patients
      receiving antibiotics after regional lymph node dissection. Antibiotic
      concentration was determined by bioassay. Six antibiotics were studied:
      cephalothin, cefazolin, cephapirin, oxacillin, ampicillin and clindamycin. The
      cephalosporins and penicillins showed similar patterns of appearance in the wound
      fluid. The peak level occurred early (1--1 1/2 hours) with subsequent slow
      decrease. Clindamycin produced nearly constant levels in wound fluid. The
      concentration of each antibiotic in wound fluid surpassed the serum levels after
      2.5 hours. At the dosages studied each antibiotic produced wound fluid
      concentrations greater than the MIC for most susceptible organisms. Higher doses
      provided higher wound fluid levels. The rate of appearance and the levels
      achieved should be considered in the choice of antibiotics in the surgical
      subject.

PMID- 686889
TI  - Association of sepsis with an immunosuppressive polypeptide in the serum of burn
      patients.
AB  - One hundred ninety serum samples from 51 burned patients were tested for
      immunosuppressive activity which might explain decreased host immune competence
      following thermal injury. The serum from a variable but significant percentage of
      these patients suppressed the response of normal human peripheral blood
      lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin. The occurrence of immunosuppressive activity
      paralleled the severity of the injury. Ten of ten severely burned patients
      (severity index greater than 40), but only 20 of 30 patients with index 10--39.9,
      and three of 11 patients with Index 0--9.9 developed suppressive serum.
      Differences between these groups were significant (p less than .05). In all 19
      patients who became septic, immunosuppressive serum activity immediately preceded
      or coincided with the septic episode. In contrast to the effect on lymphocytes,
      burn sera stimulated fibroblast proliferation. Immunosuppressive activity did not
      correlate with serum cortisol levels, blood transfusion, protein-calorie
      malnutrition, or anesthesia. Suppressive sera were not cytotoxic. A majority of
      the active serum factor(s) was contained in a low molecular weight (less than
      10,000 daltons) polypeptide subfraction.

PMID- 686890
TI  - Delayed presentation of traumatic diaphragmatic hernia.
AB  - Twenty-five patients with traumatic diaphragmatic hernia discovered at least five
      months after injury are described, of whom 18 were male and seven female. All but
      one hernia occurred on the left side. Stab wounds were the etiological factor in
      22 patients and blunt trauma in three. The diagnosis was most often made by a
      chest or abdominal radiograph, but barium ingestion confirmed the diagnosis in
      ten patients. Intercostal drainage of gastric contents provided the diagnosis in
      two patients. In all nine patients initially approached by a thoracotomy or a
      thoracoabdominal incision, the hernia was easily reduced and the defect repaired.
      Although reduction and repair were easily accomplished by the abdominal route in
      seven patients, this approach was unsatisfactory or inadequate in six others. The
      colon and stomach were usually in the chest, and strangulation occurred in five
      patients. The mortality was 20% but rose to 80% when gangrene was present.

PMID- 686891
TI  - Unusual aspects of atrial myxoma.
AB  - Cardiac myxomas are infrequently encountered lesions. Certain aspects of these
      tumors are unusual and include right atrial location, calcification, valve
      destruction, hematologic abnormalities, occurrence in children, and familial
      occurrence. A 12-year-old girl manifesting all of these unusual aspects of myxoma
      is described and each of the unusual aspects is discussed.

PMID- 686892
TI  - Endorectal mucosal resection without proctectomy as an adjunct to
      abdominoperineal resection for nonmalignant conditions: clinical experience with
      five patients.
AB  - Five patients with chronic ulcerative colitis underwent endorectal excision of
      the rectal mucosa without removing the rectal muscle in combination with total
      colectomy and cutaneous ileostomy. This operative technique will cure the patient
      of the primary disease and obviates many of the usual unpleasant complications
      following total proctectomy, such as prolonged perineal drainage and sexual and
      bladder dysfunction. It has the further advantages of lower operative blood loss
      and earlier safe ambulation. On the basis of favorable clinical experience with
      these patients, we believe that the operation warrants further clinical trial in
      patients who have biopsy-proven ulcerative colitis without severe rectal
      ulcerations as well as in certain other nonmalignant conditions originating in
      the rectal mucosa.

PMID- 686893
TI  - Veterans Administration Cooperative Study on Bowel Preparation for Elective
      Colorectal Operations: impact of oral antibiotic regimen on colonic flora, wound
      irrigation cultures and bacteriology of septic complications.
AB  - A ten hospital cooperative study comparing prophylactic oral neomycin and
      erythromycin base versus placebo demonstrated clinical efficacy of the
      antibiotics in preventing septic complications following elective colon
      operations. The present report concerns microbiological studies accomplished
      during this trial. Cultures of colon contents during surgery showed the
      antibiotic prep reduced concentrations of both aerobes and anaerobes by
      approximately 10(5) bacteria/ml. Virtually all major bacterial components of the
      normal flora were affected. Wound irrigation specimens at the time of closure
      failed to predict subsequent wound infection, but significantly fewer antibiotic
      recipients had positive irrigation cultures. Postoperative stool specimens showed
      that the oral antibiotics did not cause an emergence in resistant forms.
      Bacteriological studies of postoperative infections indicated that most
      postoperative infections involved a mixed aerobic-anaerobic flora, and that
      Bacteroides fragilis accounted for six of eight episodes of bacteremia.

PMID- 686894
TI  - Antibiotic prophylaxis in vascular surgery.
AB  - Preoperative and intraoperative antibiotic prophylaxis of infection in peripheral
      vascular surgery has been widely used although controlled studies have been
      lacking. A randomized, a prospective, double-blind study of cefazolin versus
      placebo during 565 arterial reconstructive operations was performed at this
      hospital from February 1976 through August 1977. Among the 462 patients
      undergoing surgery of the abdominal aorta and lower extremity vasculature, there
      was a highly significant difference in the infection rates: 6.8% for placebo
      recipients versus 0.9% for cefazolin recipients (p less than .001). Of the 18
      infections, four involved vascular grafts and all four graft infections occurred
      in the placebo group. Over 8% of abdominal wounds of patients receiving placebo
      became infected versus 1.2% of cefazolin patients (p less than .05). Groin wounds
      were infected infrequently, 1.1% for placebo patients versus none for cefazolin
      patients. No infections occurred among 103 brachiocephalic procedures. Skin
      antisepsis was analyzed retrospectively. Infection rates were significantly
      higher (p less than .01) following hexachlorophene-ethanol versus a povidone
      iodine skin preparation. Adverse effects of cefazolin were carefully monitored:
      no rash, phlebitis, or emergence of resistant strains was observed. A breif
      perioperative course of cefazolin and povidone-iodine skin antisepsis are
      recommended in vascular reconstructive surgery of the abdominal aorta and lower
      extremity vasculature.

PMID- 686895
TI  - Surgical management of Cushing's syndrome with emphasis on adrenal
      autotransplantation.
AB  - Cushing's syndrome may be caused by pituitary ACTH, ectopically produced ACTH,
      adrenocortical tumor or medication. Cushing's disease, due to excessive pituitary
      ACTH resulting in adrenocortical hyperplasia, remains a complex endocrine
      disorder for which no single treatment is wholly satisfactory. Twenty-two
      patients with surgically treated Cushing's syndrome are presented: Four with
      benign adrenocortical adenoma, two with adrenocortical carcinoma and 16 with
      adrenocortical hyperplasia. The four benign adenomas were excised with the one
      death due to respiratory failure and sepsis. Both patients with carcinoma and
      liver metastases died of their tumors. Of the 16 patients with adrenocortical
      hyperplasia and Cushing's disease, eight underwent subtotal adrenalectomy and
      thereafter eight had total intra-abdominal adrenalectomy with autotransplantation
      of adrenal tissue to the thigh. There was one operative death. Total
      adrenalectomy has now replaced subtotal resection in most clinics. All eight of
      the patients who had adrenal autotransplantation exhibited biopsy or functional
      evidence of some degree of graft survival. On patient stopped steroid replacement
      permanently and another developed recurrent Cushing's syndrome from the grafts.
      Of a total of 26 reported patients with adrenal autotransplants surveyed, 22
      exhibited evidence of graft survival, 16 were able to discontinue steroid
      replacement therapy and three eventually developed recurrent Cushing's syndrome
      from the transplants. There is now strong evidence that most patients with
      Cushing's disease harbor a pituitary basophil ademona, and in the future the
      initial surgical attack may be directed to the pituitary rather than to the
      adrenals.

PMID- 686896
TI  - Asymptomatic carotid bruit: long term outcome of patients having endarterectomy
      compared with unoperated controls.
AB  - During 20 years (1957-1977), 1286 carotid endarterectomies were performed on 1022
      private patients with cerebrovascular insufficiency. Included were 132 patients
      undergoing 167 endarterectomies for asymptomatic cervical carotid bruits. Ages
      ranged from 42 to 82 years (mean: 64.7). Operative mortality was zero. There were
      two transient and two permanent operation-related neurologic deficits. Complete
      follow-up was achieved, extending to 184 months. During postoperative follow-up,
      six patients (4.5%) developed TIA's appropriate to the unoperated artery, three
      patients had strokes (2.3%), and three patients died of strokes (2.3%). To
      characterize the natural history of asymptomatic bruit and determine proper
      indications for prophylactic endarterectomy, a control series of 138 additional
      patients with asymptomatic bruit not operated upon when the bruit was discovered
      was studied. Ages ranged from 39 to 86 years (mean: 65.7). During follow-up
      extending to 180 months, 77 patients (55.8%) remained neurologically
      asymptomatic, 37 patients (26.8%) developed TIA's one month to 99 months after
      detection of bruit, and 24 patients (17.4%) sustained mild to profound frank
      strokes one week to 124 months postdetection. Three of these 24 (2.2%) died of
      stroke. Asymptomatic carotid bruits may be potential stroke hazards, the risk of
      which can be significantly reduced by appropriately applied endarterectomy. A
      protocol for managment is presented.

PMID- 686897
TI  - Total pancreatectomy of end-stage chronic pancreatitis.
AB  - The metabolic consequences and the clinical results of total pancreatectomy for
      end-stage chronic pancreatitis are detailed. This experience, accumulated between
      the years 1952 and 1976, adds 26 cases to the world's literature, which now
      contains 53 cases reported singly or in small series. The patients were selected
      on the basis of far-advanced, incapacitating disease in three patients and the
      failure of 62 previous related operations in 23 patients. Total pancreatectomy
      was performed with a zero hospital mortality but with serious inhospital
      morbidity. After discharge, 24 patients required 55 hospital readmissions and 18
      related surgical operations; 12 patients have died, five of unrelated causes. Of
      14 living patients, five consider themselves to be in good to excellent
      condition, six in fair condition, and three in poor condition. Twelve thought
      they were improved over their preoperative state. Our estimate of the result in
      living patients was similar. In those 12 who died, only four had satisfactory
      results. The results are also evaluated relative to level of activity, presence
      of abdominal pain, use of narcotics, weight, alcohol consumption, and the
      efficiency of endocrine and exocrine replacement. In general, the procedure is
      effective for relief or amelioration of pain, but the patients' personalities
      preclude complete adaptation to the apancreatic state rehabilitation. A failure
      to thrive is the common denominator.

PMID- 686898
TI  - The Elective Surgery Second Opinion Program.
AB  - The results of the Cornell Elective Surgery Second Opinion Program are presented.
      From February 1972 to January 1978, 7053 patients were evaluated for proposed
      elective surgery, and in 27.6% of these, the operations were not approved. The
      subspecialties of orthopedics and gynecology demonstrated the highest rates of
      non-confirmation, while that for general surgery was 18%. A group of 318 patients
      with general surgical diagnosis are reviewed. The percentage of nonconfirmed
      surgery for this group was 15 percent. The most common reasons for not approving
      the operations were absence of pathology and failure to utilize medical therapy
      when indicated.

PMID- 686899
TI  - Correlation of estrophilin content of primary mammary cancer to eventual
      endocrine treatment.
AB  - The estrogen receptor protein content of recurrent breast cancer correlates well
      with the clinical response of hormonal manipulation. This predictive value of the
      ER of the primary tumor obtained at the time of mastectomy has not yet been
      proven. If this predictive capability should hold for primary tumors and eventual
      endocrine treatment, the ramifications are obvious: endocrine therapy could be
      offered to patients on a rational basis and adjuvant therapy could be considered
      on a plausible biochemical basis. This report details our observations as to the
      ER content of the primary tumor and the eventual result of endocrine therapy.
      Thirty-seven patients whose tumor ER was determined from the primary tumor
      eventually underwent some form of endocrine therapy for recurrent disease.
      Fifteen of the primary tumors had significant ER content and 22 possessed
      insignificant amounts. Only one of the 22 patients with insignificant ER content
      was benefited by endocrine treatment. Those patients whose tumors contained low
      amounts of ER experienced recurrence of their disease more rapidly than did those
      with higher ER content. There was no correlation of age, cell type of tumor or
      metastatic site with the ER content of the tumor. There is a positive correlation
      between response to chemotherapy and ER content of tumor. Measurement of the
      estrogen receptor protein content of the primary breast tumor is a reliable
      method for choosing patients for eventual endocrine therapy. Those patients whose
      tumors contain insignificant estrophilin are not candidates for such attempts at
      palliation.

PMID- 686900
TI  - Medullary thyroid carcinoma: relationship of method of diagnosis to pathologic
      staging.
AB  - Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) develops in virtually all patients affected
      with multiple endocrine neoplasia type II (MEN II), a disease inherited as an
      autosomal dominant trait. The thyroid tumor cells secrete calcitonin (CT) and the
      detection of elevated plasma levels (>300 pg/ml) of this hormone in MEN II
      kindred members strongly suggests the presence of MTC even though it may not be
      evident clinically. Intravenously administered calcium ion (Ca(++)) and
      pentagastrin (Pg) are potent CT secretagogues which are of particular value in
      establishing the early diagnosis of MTC. In evaluating seven kindreds with MEN
      II, we detected 90 patients with MTC. Depending on the method of diagnosis, they
      could be divided into three categories: Group 1; patients with no clinical
      evidence of MTC whose undetectable basal plasma calcitonin levels became elevated
      following intravenous Ca(++) or Pg, Group II; patients with no clinical evidence
      of MTC who had elevated basal plasma CT levels, and Group III; patients with
      clinically evident MTC. At the time of diagnosis of MTC, the patients in Group I
      were younger (20.5 +/- 1.9 years) than the patients in Group II (32.5 +/- 4.7
      years, p < 0.005) and Group III (34.3 +/- 2.0, p < 0.00005). The incidence of
      residual MTC, as indicated by an elevated plasma CT level following provocative
      testing postoperatively, was less frequent in patients diagnosed biochemically
      ([6/34]; Group I, 4/26 and Group II, 2/8) than in those diagnosed clinically
      (Group III, 15/26, p < 0.002). Furthermore, regional nodes were involved less
      often in patients diagnosed biochemically ([5/28]; Group I, 2/22 and Group II,
      3/6) than in those diagnosed clinically (Group III, 15/24, p < 0.02). Distant
      metastases were only evident in Group III patients. Patients with MEN II who had
      the diagnosis of MTC established biochemically rather than clinically, had a more
      favorable pathological stage of disease at the time of thyroidectomy. This was
      especially true if the biochemical diagnosis had been by provocative testing.

PMID- 686902
TI  - Progress in treatment of thoracoabdominal and abdominal aortic aneurysms
      involving celiac, superior mesenteric, and renal arteries.
AB  - This is a report of surgical treatment of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms and
      aneurysms of the abdominal aorta from which the visceral vessels arise during the
      18 year period from April 5, 1960, to April 20, 1978. The extent of aneurysm is
      divided into five groups. Group I (10 patients) involved most of the thoracic and
      abdominal aorta down to celiac axis. Group II (22 patients) involved most of the
      thoracic and abdominal aorta distal to left subclavian artery. Group III (20
      patients) were those with lesser involvement of the thoracic aorta and most of
      the abdominal aorta. Group IV (18 patients) with involvement of the entire
      abdominal aorta and Group V (12 patients) with involvement of lower abdominal
      aorta and renal arteries. Treatment in the majority of these cases was by graft
      inclusion technique with visceral vessel reattachment by direct suture of orifice
      to openings made in the graft. Intercostal and/or lumbar arteries were also
      reattached in some with the more extensive lesions. Aortic and renal artery
      occlusion times varied from 15 to 155 minutes. Paraplegia developed in five
      patients with the more extensive lesions but was reduced to one-third and made
      less severe by reattaching intercostal and lumbar arteries. Renal dysfunction was
      mild in four patients and severe in three patients after operation. All these
      were transient except one who died while recovering from renal failure. The
      latter cases were those difficult to reattach or were not initially successful
      and required reoperation. Of the 82 patients, 77 (94%) survived operation and
      long-term followup was obtained in 95% of cases, 23 performed over five years
      ago. Actuarial curves were constructed and compared to survival curves following
      simple infrarenal abdominal aortic resection. The survival rate both immediately
      and at six years, were the same.

PMID- 686901
TI  - The Zollinger-Ellison syndrome--23 years later.
AB  - The effects of recent diagnostic and therapeutic advances were assessed in 65
      patients with the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES). Twenty-seven patients seen
      between 1955 and 1970 were compared with 38 patients seen between 1971 and 1977.
      The earlier patients had a higher incidence of virulent ulcer disease (56% vs.
      24%), other endocrinopathies (48% vs. 13%), and malignant gastrinoma (44% vs.
      25%). Earlier diagnosis is the result of liberal use of serum gastrin
      measurements and provocative tests for gastrin release (calcium and secretin),
      and an increased awareness of this syndrome. Because their basal gastrin values
      were in a range that overlapped ordinary ulcer disease, 47% of patients
      encountered in recent years required provocative testing with secretin for
      diagnosis. If the gastrin concentration falls to normal following resection of a
      gastrinoma, the tumor has probably been completely removed. In our patients,
      gastrin measurements after total gastrectomy had no prognostic significance in
      regards to clinical progression or regression of the neoplasm. Of 12 patients
      treated with cimetidine, nine experienced symptomatic improvement, and three did
      not. Resection of the gastrinoma should be attempted if the lesion is solitary
      and located in the body or tail of the pancreas, or if it is an isolated duodenal
      lesion. Otherwise, total gastrectomy remains the treatment of choice. In 38
      patients, total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy was followed by
      97% survival and minimal difficulties with nutrition or dumping.

PMID- 686903
TI  - Protective effect of a novel imidazole derivative against cerebral anoxia.
AB  - The protective effect of 1-[2-(2-chlorobenzoyl)-4-nitrophenyl]-2
      (diethylaminomethyl) imidazole fumarate (Y-9179) against cerebral anoxia was
      investigated with a variety of experimental models in mice and rats. Y-9179, at
      doses lower than 1 mg/kg, showed a consistent protective action against the
      cerebral anoxia in all of the models studied: hypoxia, ischemia, histotoxic and
      asphyxic anoxia. The antianoxic activity of Y-9179 was found to be about 100
      times greater than that of pentobarbital. This anti-anoxic effect was observed at
      very small doses at which neither sedation nor motor depression was induced.
      There was no decrease in the protective effect or no adverse effect even at as
      high a dose as 30 mg/kg, which corresponded to about 150 times the effective
      dose. The universal anti-anoxic properties of Y-9179 may be useful both
      clinically and as a pharmacological tool to elucidate the physiological
      significance of cerebral anoxia.

PMID- 686904
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of deslanatoside C-3H administered parenterally to the guinea
      pig, rabbit and dog.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of Deslanatoside C-3H, a short-acting polar cardiac
      glycoside, were investigated in the guinea-pig, rabbit and dog, after parenteral
      administration. Deslanatoside C was on average 20% plasma protein-bound and had a
      red blood celle/plasma partition ratio of 1/9. Tissue uptake of Deslanatoside C
      observed in the guinea-pig seems on average to be higher than in rabbits. Among
      the various organs and fluids tested, the highest levels were encountered in the
      urine, bile and kidneys of both the guinea-pig and rabbit. The main excretory
      route of this glycoside was via the urine, although significant amounts were
      excreted via the bile in all the three species tested. Cumulative urinary
      excretion 24 hr after i.v. injection was 50% (75% of which in unchanged form) in
      the guinea-pig, 46.5% (86% of which in unchanged form) in the rabbit, and
      42.9%(84% of which in unchanged form) in the dog. Among the cardiac glycosides,
      Deslantoside C seems to possess the highest urinary excretion rate, which has in
      fact also recently been confirmed in human subjects.

PMID- 686905
TI  - Angiotensin II blockade in congestive heart failure.
AB  - Five of 11 normotensive patients with congestive heart failure responded to an
      infusion of the specific angiotensin II antagonist, saralasin, by reducing
      systemic vascular resistance from 2274 +/- 418 to 1690 +/- 351 dynes/sec/cm-5
      (mean +/- standard error). This decrease was accompanied by a reduction in left
      ventricular filling pressure from 19.4 +/- 5.9 to 11.6 +/- 4.0 mm Hg, an increase
      in cardiac index from 2.2 +/- 0.4 to 2.7 +/- 0.4 l/min/m2 and a decrease in mean
      arterial pressure from 95 +/- 9.8 to 86 /+- 8.6 mm Hg. In the other 6 patients
      with congestive heart failure and in 4 controls, saralasin produced either no
      change or slight increases in systemic vascular resistance. Plasma renin activity
      did not differentiate responders from non-respnders. Specific inhibition of
      angiotensin may provide a means for reducing inappropriately high peripheral
      resistance in some patients with congestive heart failure.

PMID- 686906
TI  - Tension development and associated calcium influx of control and reserpine
      pretreated rabbit aortae in response to norepinephrine, isoproterenol and
      acetylcholine.
AB  - The influence of reserpine (3mg/kg) pretreatment on phasic and tonic components
      of the contractile responses of rabbit aortae to maximally effective
      concentrations of norepinephrine, acetylcholine, and isoproterenol and on
      agonists-induced movements of 45Ca during these responses were studied. Four
      hours after reserpine administration, there were no histological changes, in
      extracellular space, and no change in tissue water, sodium, calcium or magnesium.
      Potassium contents were slightly decreased and the catecholamine content was
      depleted by 95%. The responses to the three agonists were enhanced in the
      reserpine pretreated tissues. The absence of calcium eliminated the slow tonic
      componenet of the responses. Reserpine induced an increase in lanthanum (La3+)
      resistant 45Ca uptake. The three agonists induced an increase in La3+ resitant
      45Ca uptake of equal magnitude in both reserpine pretreated and control tissues.
      Lanthanum ion affected 45Ca efflux similarly in both reserpine pretreated and
      untreated tissues. The results suggest that a major portion of the enhanced
      responsiveness of rabbit aortic strips following reserpien administration is the
      result of a change in calcium retention in those tissue stores mobilized by these
      agonists to initiate the fast, phasic componenet, and is, therefore, a reflection
      of an increased agonist intrinsic activity.

PMID- 686907
TI  - Inhibition of 45Ca movements by lowered temperature or lanthanum in rat brain
      slices.
AB  - Different components of 45Ca movements in rat cortex, striatum and hypothalamus
      slices were delineated by conditions and ions which selectively alter Ca2+
      uptake, binding or extrusion. Equilibration of 45Ca was qualitatively similar in
      all three tissues and was attained within 30--60 min. The 45Ca tissue-medium
      ratios obtained in 1.5 mM Ca2+ solutions were increased 15--30% in 0.1 mM Ca2+
      solutions and doubled in 0-Ca solutions. Efflux of 45Ca from slices can be
      described in terms of two components. Lowering the temperature to 0 degree C
      increased 45Ca uptake into the slower washout component and markedly decreased
      45Ca efflux. Exposure to 1.5 mM La3+ decreased both 45Ca uptake and efflux. The
      inhibitory effects of 0 degree C and La3+ on 45Ca efflux were additive. Uptake of
      45Ca in slices incubated in 1.5 mM Sr 2+-substituted (0-Ca) solutions was more
      similar to that in 0-Ca solutions than in 1.5 mM Ca2+ solutions. Thus, Ca2+
      distribution is qualitatively similar in slices from different rat brain areas,
      loss of 45Ca is an energy dependent process which is at least partially coupled
      to Ca2+ uptake, decreased temperature inhibits Ca2+ extrusion, La3+ impedes
      uptake and subsequent binding of Ca2+, and Sr2+ does not prevent the major
      portion of 45Ca uptake at cellular binding sites. Use of 0 degree C and La3+ to
      inhibit discrete components of Ca2+ fluxes in rat brain area slices provides a
      basis for investigation of the mechanisms by which other agents can alter Ca2+
      distribution in the central nervous system.

PMID- 686908
TI  - Comparative effects of amiodarone, perhexiline and bepridil on the cardiac
      rhythms of the unanesthetized dog in chronic heart block.
AB  - The effects of amiodarone, perhexiline and bepridil, which decrease effort
      cardioacceleration although they have no adrenergic beta blocking properties,
      were studied in the unanesthetized dog in chronic heart block. All three products
      decreased atrial rate in a durable way after an initial phase of tachycardia.
      Amiodarone had no depressant effect on idioventricular rate; however, this was
      significantly slowed by the other two compounds.

PMID- 686909
TI  - Antihypertensive effects of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol.
AB  - Repeated oral administration of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta9-THC, 25
      mg/kg) reduced systolic blood pressure in conscious spontaneously hypertensive
      rats. Tolerance to the antihypertensive actions of delta9-THC failed to develop
      during the 10-day treatment period. The failure of delta9-THC to alter blood
      pressure in normotensive rats suggests that the hypotensive action of delta9-THC
      is dependent, in part, on baseline blood pressure.

PMID- 686911
TI  - Placental transfer and tissue distribution of dextro-amphetamine in the mouse.
AB  - 3H-d-amphetamine (5 mg/kg, free base) was injected i.p. to male and non-pregnant
      female mice and to pregnant female mice on day 16 of gestation. The tissue levels
      of amphetamine were  examined as a function of time. Peak concentrations in
      matured tissues occurred at 15 min, those in placenta, whole fetus, fetal brain
      and liver at 1 hr. No notable differences were detected in tissue levels of
      amphetamine in males and non-pregnant females. Disappearance of amphetamine from
      tissues of pregnant animals was slower than those of other groups. At 15 min, the
      fetal brain and liver accumulated 1/6 amounts of amphetamine compared to
      corresponding maternal tissues. Pregnant animals excreted significantly lower
      amount of total radioactivity compared to non-pregnant females. It is concluded
      that amphetamine was transported across the placenta and that the lower
      concentrations in fetal tissues compared to maternal tissues appear to be due to
      several physico-chemical factors that regulate the transplacental transfer of a
      foreign chemical compound.

PMID- 686910
TI  - Hyperglycemic, antihypertensive and antidiuretic properties of Go. 8288 and its
      comparison with diazoxide.
AB  - Hyperglycemic, antihypertensive and antidiuretic activities of Go.8288 and
      diazoxide were evaluated in the rat. Go.8288 and diazoxide induced hyperglycemia
      which was blocked by adrenalectomy and demedullation. Pretreatmnet with
      hydrocortisone completely restored the hyperglycemic effect of diazoxide but only
      partially that of Go.8288. The hyperglycemic effect of Go.8288 and diazoxide was
      antagonized by glibenclamide, whereas tolbutamide antagonized only diazoxide
      induced hyperglycemia. Pretreatment with oxprenolol antagonized diazoxide-induced
      hyperglycemia but not that of Go.8288. Guanethidine antagonized the hyperglycemic
      effect of Go.8288 but not that of diazoxide. Go.8288 and diazoxide markedly
      inhibited insulin secretion in vivo. Unlike Go.8288, diazoxide further
      accentuated the hyperglycemic effect in the streptozotocin diabetic rat.
      Diazoxide significantly increased plasma FFA and plasma renin activity but
      Go.8288 had no effect. In the normotensive cats and dogs and renal hypertensive
      rats both compounds lowered arterial blood pressure. Unlike diazoxide, Go.8288
      was active orally in normotensive dogs. Similar to diazoxide Go.8288 showed an
      antidiuretic effect in the rat. It is therefore concluded that despite some
      similarities, Go.8288 shows important differences in its biological profile from
      that of diazoxide.

PMID- 686912
TI  - Effects of prazosin and phentolamine on responses to field stimulation and to
      noradrenaline in vas deferens and anococcygeus muscle of the rat.
AB  - The effects of phentolamine (10(-6)M) and prazosin (10(-7)M) on contractile
      responses, in the presence of cocaine or nortriptyline, were investigated in vas
      deferens and anococcygeus muscle of rat. Cocaine (10(-5)M) and nortriptyline (10(
      6)M) had no effect on maximum responses to field stimulation, (--)-noradrenaline,
      methoxamine, and acetylcholine in anococcygeus muscle. However, both cocaine (3.3
      x 10(-5)M) and nortripthline (10(-6)M) potentiated maximum responses to (--)
      noradrenaline without altering the maximum response to field stimulation in vas
      deferens. In vas deferens, phentolamine potentiated or inhibited the responses to
      field stimulation depending on the frequency whereas prazosin inhibited all
      responses to field stimulation. In anococcygeus muscle, both phentolamine and
      prazosin inhibited all responses to field stimulation. In vas deferens and
      anococcygeus muscle, prazosin was a more potent antagonist of responses to (--)
      noradrenaline than phentolamine. These results show that prazosin is a more
      potent postsynaptic alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist than phentolamine and suggest
      that prazosin has little or no affinity for presynaptic alpha-adrenoceptors.

PMID- 686913
TI  - Studies on the monoamine oxidase and catechol-O-methyltransferase of the rat
      cerebral microvessels.
AB  - The rat cerebral microvessels were isolated and assayed both for monoamine
      oxidase (MAO) and catechol-o-methyltransferase (COMT) activities. Cerebral
      microvessels and brain filtrate were found to contain both forms (A & B) of MAO.
      On a per mg protein basis, the cerebral microvessels contained the greatest
      activity of MAO and COMT  than that of brain filtrate and mesenteric artery.
      Chemical sympathectomy using 6-hydroxydopamine neither decreased total MAO
      activity, nor the A form of the enzyme, nor did it have any effect on COMT
      activity in the brain microvessels. These results suggest that COMT and both
      forms of MAO in the rat brain microvessels are extraneuronal in origin.

PMID- 686914
TI  - Effect of oral and intravenous propantheline bromide on pentagastrin-stimulated
      canine gastric secretion.
AB  - The gastric antisecretory efficacy of propantheline bromide (PB) as a function of
      the route of administration was studied in dogs equipped with chronic gastric
      fistulae. Sectetion was near-maximally stimulated by continuous intravenous
      (i.v.) infusion of pentagastrin. PB was administered either intragastrically
      (i.g.) or intravenously as a single bolus dose at the steady-state plateau of
      gastric secretion. The administration of PB produced a dose-dependent inhibition
      of gastric secretion (water and acid output). Gastric acid concentration was not
      appreciably inhibited by PB. The dose-response (inhibition of acid output) curves
      for i.g. and i.v. administered PB were parallel. The potency (fiducial limits) of
      i.v. relative to i.g. administration was found to be 0.002 (0,0006--0,0051) when
      the i.v. value was taken as unity.

PMID- 686915
TI  - Effect of substance P on mechanical and myoelectrical activities of stomach and
      small intestines in conscious dog.
AB  - The effect of Substance P (SP) on the intestine in situ of the dog was
      investigated. Five female dogs were used. At the same time, mechanographic
      recordings, using balloon kymography, were taken, while the myoelectric activity
      was recorded by means of electrography. Differences in SP action on the
      mechanogram and electromyogram of the stomach and the small intestines were
      reflected in the following phenomena: (a) SP in the doses used was less active on
      the ileum than on the stomach; (b) SP increased basal tonus but inhibited
      peristaltic contraction; (c) SP acted predominantly on spike discharges in the
      electromyogram. These results are likely to support the assumption that SP acts
      as a physiological modulator of smooth muscle activity.

PMID- 686916
TI  - Effect of butorphanol and morphine on pulmonary mechanics, arterial blood
      pressure and venous plasma histamine in the anesthetized dog.
AB  - Butorphanol, levo-N-cyclobutylmethyl-3, 14beta-dihydroxy-morphinan, is a new
      agonist-antagonist type analgetic agent which is 4 times more potent than
      morphine in experimental animals. Equianalgetic doses of butorphanol and morphine
      were compared, following rapid intravenous injection to anesthetized dogs, for
      their effects on pulmonary resistance, dynamic compliance, arterial blood
      pressure and venous plasma histamine levels. Butorphanol, 0.75 mg/kg, had no
      effect on pulmonary resistance, dynamic compliance or  venous plasma histamine
      levels. Morphine, 3 mg/kg, increased pulmonary resistance, decreased dynamic
      compliance and elevated venous plasma histamine levels. Both drugs decreased
      arterial blood pressure but the hypotensive effect of butorphanol was
      significantly less in magnitude than that of morphine. Pretreatment with
      chlorpheniramine antagonized the effects of morphine on pulmonary resistance,
      dynamic compliance and arterial blood pressure. These results suggest that in man
      butorphanol may have less potential than morphine for causing airway
      constriction, hypotension and histamine release.

PMID- 686917
TI  - Urinary methylhistamine as an index of histamine formation during histidine
      decarboxylase inhibition in the rat.
AB  - A new method is described for the evaluation in vivo of histidine decarboxylase
      inhibitors. Urinary methylhistamine excretion is approximately trebled in rats
      treated simultaneously with the histaminase inhibitor aminoguanidine and the
      monoamine oxidase inhibitor pargyline, thus providing a high base-line against
      which inhibiton of methylhistamine formation, and hence of histamine formation,
      can be measured. Variations in the recovery of methylhistamine are compensated
      for by addition of a standard amount of radioactive methyl-histamine to each
      urine sample. The method has the advantage over previously described methods of
      requiring less radioactive material and fewer animals which, moreover, do not
      have to be killed and so can be re-used. In addition, the time course of
      inhibition can be assessed.

PMID- 686918
TI  - Comparison of neuromuscular effects and acute toxicity of some aminoglycoside
      antibiotics.
AB  - The correlation between acute toxicity and the effects occurring at neuromuscular
      junction level of some aminoglycoside antibiotics was investigated. Netilmicin
      (Sch 20569), sisomicin, gentamicin and kanamycin were administered i.v. in the
      rat and the following effects were studied: neuromuscular blocking activity
      (sciatic-gastrocnemius preparation), and acute toxicity evaluation. Neuromuscular
      blocking effects were found to be well correlated to acute toxicity data for all
      test-antibiotics. Comparison of results gave a sequence of relative potency which
      was as follows: netilmicin = sisomicin greater than gentamicin greater than
      kanamycin. Our findings confirmed that both respiratory failure, reporter as a
      side effect of the clinical use of aminoglycosides, and experimental toxicity
      follow the neuromuscular block.

PMID- 686919
TI  - The thymus as an 'instructor'.

PMID- 686920
TI  - Aerosol corticosteroids in the treatment of bronchial asthma.

PMID- 686921
TI  - Treatment of adult acute nonlymphocytic leukemia--1978.

PMID- 686923
TI  - Anticoagulation in renal vein thrombosis.
AB  - Long-term anticoagulation therapy was evaluated in two patients with renal vein
      thrombosis and the nephrotic syndrome. Neither patient exhibited peripheral
      thromboemboli. Moreover, the renal vein thrombus resolved in both cases after
      eight months on a regimen of oral anticoagulant therapy. Glomerular filtration
      rate remained stable despite persistence of the nephrotic syndrome. These results
      suggest that long-term anticoagulation may be of distinct value in nephrotic
      patients with renal vein thrombosis.

PMID- 686922
TI  - Chemotherapy of acute leukemia: a comparison of vincristine, cytarabine, and
      prednisone alone and in combination with cyclophosphamide or daunorubicin.
AB  - Adults (274) with acute leukemia (AML) were randomly assigned to one of three
      treatment regimens: vincristine, prednisone, cytarabine--(1) 100 mg/sq m/day with
      cyclophosphamide (COAP); (2) 100 mg/sq m/day with daunorubicin (DOAP); and 200
      mg/sq m/day (OAP). Cytarabine was infused continuously for five days. Patients
      entering complete remission randomly received maintenance treatment with COAP or
      OAP. For 197 previously untreated AML patients given COAP, DOAP, or OAP,
      remission rates were 37%, 35%, and 43%, respectively; median lengths, 40, 45, and
      90 weeks; median survival, 7, 11, and 8 weeks. No statistically significant
      difference was found among treatments. Therefore, adding cyclophosphamide or
      daunorubicin, or using the COAP regimen with continuously infused cytarabine,
      produced no significant improvement over previously reported regimens. There was
      no significant difference in remission lengths in previously untreated AML
      patients maintained on OAP (median 81 weeks) or COAP (median 65 weeks).

PMID- 686924
TI  - Transmural myocardial infarction with the prolapsing mitral-leaflet syndrome and
      normal coronary arteries.
AB  - Clinical and electrocardiographic evidence of transmural myocardial infarction
      developed in two patients (a woman, age 38, and a boy, age 17) with prolapsing
      mitral-leaflet syndrome. Both had normal coronary angiograms and normal plasma
      lipid levels. Left ventricular angiography showed dyskinetic areas in both
      patients. Coronary artery embolism or prolonged coronary artery spasm may have
      been the underlying mechanism of production of myocardial infarction.

PMID- 686925
TI  - An automated verbal medical history system.
AB  - Computer-based automated medical history acquisition systems have not been as
      widely utilized as originally anticipated. The high cost, limited accessibility
      and alien nature of the computer terminal equipment have all been cited as
      important factors in the limited acceptance. A system has been developed that
      makes it possible to use a standard household telephone as the computer input and
      output terminal in obtaining medical history data. Patient acceptance is
      excellent, and medical information gathered using this technique is as accurate
      as that obtained by self-administered questionnaires or personal interviews. This
      system maintains the advantages of the terminal-based automated history program
      while eliminating many of its deficiencies.

PMID- 686926
TI  - Spontaneous hypoglycemia in chronic renal failure.
AB  - Spontaneous fasting hypoglycemia developed in four nondiabetic patients with end
      stage renal failure. All were undergoing long-term maintenance hemodialysis and
      three patients were anephric. Hypoglycemia was generally accompanied by severe
      metabolic acidosis and, in three patients, lactic acidemia. Abnormalities of
      hepatic structure and/or function were present in three patients. In one patient,
      hypoglycemia was refractory to exogenous glucagon, failed to respond to alanine,
      glycerol, or galactose, and was associated with suppressed plasma insulin and
      elevated plasma glucagon levels. Fasting hypoglycemia appeared to result from
      several mechanisms. In at least two patients, fasting hypoglycemia and lactic
      acidosis resulted from impaired hepatic gluconeogenesis in association with
      impaired or absent renal glucose production. Additionally, substrate limitation
      probably contributed to hypoglycemia in several patients.

PMID- 686927
TI  - Prostatic abscesses involving anaerobic bacteria.
AB  - Anaerobic bacteria have seldom been reported in prostatic abscesses. The present
      study concerns four cases in which the exudate was cultured with optimal
      microbiological techniques. Our results showed a complex aerobic-anaerobic flora
      in each instance, with a total of 21 isolates, including seven aerobes and 14
      anaerobes. This experience has important implications concerning culture
      practices and empiric antimicrobial treatment for patients with prostatic
      abscess.

PMID- 686928
TI  - Progressive dialysis encephalopathy from dialysate aluminum.
AB  - Progressive dialysis encephalopathy was observed as a frequent complication
      (eight of 34 patients) in a small hemodialysis unit. After the water used for
      dialysis was deionized, no further cases of encephalopathy developed in 29
      patients. In the absence of other apparent changes in therapy, this significant
      difference in incidence (P less than .005) is considered to be the result of
      reduction in unusually high water aluminum levels from 0.637 mg/liter to less
      than 0.001 mg/liter by use of a deionizer.

PMID- 686929
TI  - Treatment of central diabetes insipidus in adults and children with desmopressin.
AB  - Modification of the natural vasopressin molecule to form desmopressin acetate
      (DDAVP) resulted in a compound with prolonged antidiuretic activity and virtual
      elimination of vasopressor activity. Twenty-one patients with central diabetes
      insipidus who ranged in age from 3 to 68 years were treated with DDAVP, which was
      administered intranasally in a dosage ranging from 10 microgram every 12 hours to
      20 microgram every eight hours. Effective control of symptoms was obtained in all
      cases. There were no consequential toxic effects. As previously reported, DDAVP
      appears to be the preferred drug for the management of central diabetes
      insipidus. Biochemical alteration of hormones may enhance desired therapeutic
      activity and eliminate toxic effects. The development of DDAVP is an example of
      the potential for development of useful therapeutic peptides.

PMID- 686930
TI  - Marginal benefit of renal biopsy in systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - The predictive information provided by renal biopsy was assessed for four
      systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patient populations and compared with the
      predictive information from clinical data without benefit of biopsy, both
      measured against actual outcome. Renal biopsy results, whether studied by light
      or electron microscopy, contain important prognostic information. However, the
      prognostic information from renal biopsies in these patient groups is generally
      less than that of even the simplest clinical classifications; and when combined
      with clinical information, the total prognostic content is essentially that of
      the clinical information alone. Thus, judged by presently available data, the
      renal biopsy in SLE provides mainly redundant prognostic information. The
      marginal benefit is the difference between what is known before and after a test.
      Quantitation of predictive accuracy allows assessment of marginal benefit, that
      is, the increment in accuracy afforded by an additional test. Costly and
      potentially hazardous procedures, such as renal biopsy, require reassessment in
      terms of marginal rather than absolute predictive ability.

PMID- 686931
TI  - Echographic detection and characterization of abdominal hemorrhages in patients
      with altered coagulation states.

PMID- 686932
TI  - The pathophysiology and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease: new
      concepts.
AB  - In summary, the recent understanding of the pathogenesis of gastroesophageal
      reflux disease as owing to LES incompetence has led to improvement in both the
      diagnosis and the treatment of this disorder. Diagnosis now dependent on
      demonstrating the presence of reflux, an incompetent sphincter mechanism, or some
      complication of reflux. Treatment is focused on reducing the endogenous factors
      that contribute to reflux, or actually restoring the sphincteral barrier to
      reflux by pharmacologic or surgical means.

PMID- 686933
TI  - Hypoxia and intracardiac right-to-left shunt. Complicating inferior myocardial
      infarction with right ventricular extension.

PMID- 686934
TI  - Recurrent herpetic whitlow due to herpes simplex virus type 2.
AB  - Herpes simplex virus type 2 was demonstrated to be the cause of a recurrent
      painful and disabling digital infection in a young man. It is possible that this
      was originally venereally transmitted. With increasing incidence of genital
      herpes infections, digital herpetic infections may become more common in the
      nonmedically employed community.

PMID- 686935
TI  - Red blood cell casts in acute interstitial nephritis.
AB  - A 45-year-old woman receiving hydralazine and hydrochlorothiazide therapy was
      found to have a reduced glomerular filtration rate, a positive antinuclear
      antibody reaction, and RBC casts in the urinary sediment. Glomeruli with normal
      morphology (light, immunofluorescence, electron microscopy) were found on renal
      biopsy; however, a mild interstitial nephritis was observed that predominantly
      involved the distal tubules. The etiology of this inflammatory process is
      unknown. Changes in distal tubular function correlated with the morphology:
      acidification was impaired whereas concentrating ability was normal. Although RBC
      casts have been thought to be diagnostic of glomerular diseases, the present case
      demonstrates that tubulointerstitial disease can be responsible for RBC cast
      formation.

PMID- 686936
TI  - A case of coccidioidomycosis with unique clinical features.
AB  - Primary coccidioidomycosis, occurring in a microbiologist whose initial symptoms
      were cough, fever, night sweats, and chest pain, was unique, because for six
      months following infection his sera remained nonreactive, and his chest
      roentgenograms showed no lesions. Throughout this period, his sputa continued to
      yield Coccidioides immitis. His skin test, which showed negative results 12 days
      after the onset of symptoms, became positive for coccidioidomycosis eight months
      later. Spherule formation by C immitis cultures was demonstrated in human pleural
      fluid medium at 40 degrees C within four to six days and in the internal organs
      of a mouse inoculated with an arthrospore suspension. After six months of rest
      and without specific antibiotic treatment, the patient's sputa became negative
      and his clinical recovery was complete. We emphasize culture isolation and
      accurate identification of C immitis in diagnosis, and serology in the assessment
      of therapy.

PMID- 686937
TI  - Late deterioration in tetralogy of Fallot: unusual findings and successful
      correction.
AB  - A patient with tetralogy of Fallot who underwent a successful Blalock shunt
      procedure as a child was evaluated 28 years later because of clinical
      deterioration. Results of cardiac catheterization and angiography disclosed, in
      addition to a functioning shunt, evidence of an infundibular, subvalvular tumor
      and a large anastomosis between the left circumflex coronary artery and the
      bronchial arteries of the right lung with the possibility of "coronary steal". At
      operation, the Blalock and coronary-to-bronchial artery anastomoses were ligated;
      and total correction was performed including resection of the pulmonary valve and
      infundibulum, excision of the tumor, closure of the ventricular septal defect,
      and application of an outflow patch to enlarge the pulmonary annulus. The patient
      was discharged nine days after surgical correction.

PMID- 686938
TI  - Treatment of ruptured interventricular septum with afterload reduction.
AB  - Two patients with a ruptured interventricular septum complicating acute
      myocardial infarction were treated with isosorbide dinitrate. The first patient
      recovered from cardiogenic shock after sublingual administration of 5 mg of
      isosorbide dinitrate every two hours and was successfully operated on. The second
      patient recovered from severe pulmonary edema during the acute stage of the
      infarction with sublingual isosorbide dinitrate. Moreover, she experienced a
      considerable symptomatic improvement when a 5 mg sublingual dose of isosorbide
      dinitrate every three hours was added to her long-term treatment. Analysis of
      hemodynamic data showed that the most striking change following administration of
      the drug was the substantial reduction of pulmonary wedge pressure. The striking
      symptomatic and hemodynamic improvement was achieved by the favorable effect of
      afterload reduction on left ventricular performance and not by reduction in left
      to right shunt.

PMID- 686939
TI  - Cholesterol embolization: a complication of angiography.
AB  - Cholesterol embolization is not widely recognized as a complication of major
      arteriographic procedures. In a retrospective study of 71 autopsies of patients
      who underwent diagnostic arteriographic procedures (20 with aortograms, 51 with
      cardiac catheterization and coronary angiography), we found an incidence of
      cholesterol embolization of 30% and 25.5%, respectively, in comparison with 4.3%
      in an age and disease-matched control population. The organs most frequently
      affected are the kidney and spleen following aortogram, and the myocardium
      following cardiac catheterization. The clinical importance of these findings
      cannot be ascertained from this study, but our experience with a single case
      demonstrates that radiographic studies may produce substantial morbidity.

PMID- 686940
TI  - Primary aldosteronism presenting as myoglobinuric acute renal failure.
AB  - Hypokalemia is an uncommon cause of rhabdomyolysis with acute tubular necrosis.
      We recently treated a patient in whom severe hypokalemia attributed to diuretic
      therapy antedated acute myoglobinuric renal failure by six months. After
      recovery, hypokalemia persisted and subsequent evaluation disclosed primary
      aldosteronism. This case is a unique presentation for primary aldosteronism and
      illustrates the importance of diagnosis before treatment in hypertension as well
      as the hazards of hypokalemia.

PMID- 686941
TI  - Otomycosis due to coccidioidomycosis.
AB  - The course and treatment of two patients with otomycosis due to Coccidioides
      immitis, believed to be the first such cases reported, are described. Both
      infections appeared due to reactivation of hematogenously disseminated foci.
      Local and systemic chemotherapy plus surgery resulted in remission, and host
      immune response also appears to be an important factor. One patient, with
      systemic lupus erythematosus, required more extensive surgery, more chemotherapy,
      and reduction in steroid dose to arrest the disease. A combined surgical and
      chemotherapeutic approach appears necessary when otomycosis is due to invasive
      fungi such as C immitis.

PMID- 686942
TI  - Cranial computerized axial transmission tomography with and without contrast
      enhancement compared with radionuclide brain imaging.

PMID- 686943
TI  - Iatrogenic arteriovenous fistula.

PMID- 686944
TI  - Responses of cerebellar fastigal neurons to afferent inputs from neck muscles and
      macular labyrinthine receptors.

PMID- 686945
TI  - Responses of cerebellar fastigial neurons to stimulation of contralateral macular
      labyrinthine receptors.

PMID- 686946
TI  - [Peptidase deficiency in celiac disease: the fascination of hypotheses].

PMID- 686947
TI  - [Inquiry on the future of newborns treated in intensive care units for children.
      III. Neurologic anomalies].
AB  - This study concerned newborns admitted between 0 and 10 days of life at the
      intensive care unit of the Hospital St-Vincent-de-Paul from 1969 to 1972. They
      were followed later as outpatients. Out of 1,607 newborns admitted, 1,126
      survived (average mortality: 30%). 532 were examined after one year, 397 after
      two years. On the whole prognosis may be considered as good: at 2 years of age,
      8% had major neurologic abnormalities; 4% minor abnormalities, no increase in the
      percentage of major neurologic abnormalities between 1969 (6%) and 1972 (5%),
      whereas mortality decreased from 36 to 24%. The various types of neurologic
      deficits were analyzed, according to their effects on rehabilitation (4% had
      severe retardation, 11% moderate retardation). The sensory involvement (3%) and
      intercurrent seizures (10%) were also analyzed. According to the bias of the Unit
      in recruitment, this enquiry concerned children close from term or medium
      premature children (B.W. 1,500 g) : this diminishes the true rate of the
      neurologic deficit. The relationships between etiology of neonatal distress and
      delayed neurologic abnormalities are emphasized.

PMID- 686948
TI  - [Evaluation of one year experience with cerebral tomodensitometry in pediatric
      neurology].
AB  - Cerebral tomography allows the delineation of areas modified by edema or
      necrosis, the visualization of calcifications undetectable by standard x-ray
      examination, extra- or intra-cerebral blood effusions and neoformations of the
      cerebrum or of its envelopes. It also reveals slight or localized cerebral
      atrophies that other neuro-radiologic techniques sometimes failed to detect. It
      appears therefore worthwhile to reconsider pediatric neurology according to this
      new type of investigation. Its sole difficulty in young children, is the
      requirement of a half hour immobility, best obtained by general anesthesia.
      However, the rapid improvements of this technique will probably permit to
      overcome this slight drawback.

PMID- 686950
TI  - [Acute nalidixic acid poisoning in children].
AB  - A 31 month old child developed seizures 30 minutes after the accidental ingestion
      of toxic quantities of nalidixic acid. The case is unusual because of the age of
      the patient and the circumstances of the poisoning. It emphasises that this drug
      is contraindicated in children with previous neurological disease.

PMID- 686949
TI  - [Colonization by enterobacteria during the first week of life in the normal
      newborn].
AB  - The colonisation by enterobacteria of neonates, born normally, has been studied
      by quantitative and qualitative techniques (by the determination of the differing
      patterns of antibiotic resistance). The resistant enterobacteria were less common
      than the sensitive strains but resistant ones were widespread in the first week
      of life and 6 out of 10 babies became carriers of Klebsiella. The results enabled
      epidemiological observations to be made (the role of the mother, who only seems
      to be important during delivery, and the importance of the bacteria carried on
      the hands of the staff), and to assess the effect of antibiotics in hospital even
      if they are not given to the baby.

PMID- 686951
TI  - [Ischemic osteonecrosis of the femur and humerus heads due to corticosteroid
      treatment in the child].

PMID- 686953
TI  - [Hemoglobinoses].

PMID- 686952
TI  - [Postnatal iodine excess with hypothyroidism and respiratory pauses. Danger of
      the cutaneous application of iodine chemicals].
AB  - A hypothyroidism with moderate goiter was discovered in a newborn presenting with
      repeated apnoea indicating a severe risk of sudden death. The mother was given no
      iodine-rich drug. However, the child was submitted to several large applications
      of iodized alcohol to the skin for numerous blood samplings. Treatment with
      thyroid extract resulted in the disappearance of the respiratory pauses and
      return to euthyroidism within 3 months.

PMID- 686954
TI  - [Mental retardation in children: prevention and early screening. Introduction].

PMID- 686955
TI  - [Current trends in the psychopathological approach to mental deficiencies].

PMID- 686956
TI  - [Screening for mild mental retardation in infants. Role of the Maternal-Child
      Welfare centers].

PMID- 686957
TI  - [Screening for mental retardation at the beginning of grade school].

PMID- 686958
TI  - [Apropos of the classification fallacy related to the classical concept of mental
      retardation].

PMID- 686959
TI  - [Mental retardation at school. Screening and trends].

PMID- 686960
TI  - [Mental retardation in children. Prevention and early screening. Conclusion].

PMID- 686961
TI  - [Pregnancy and mental retardation in infants].

PMID- 686962
TI  - [Prediction of prematurity as a preventive measure].

PMID- 686963
TI  - [The physician and the diagnosis of a severe form of mental deficiency.
      Introduction].

PMID- 686964
TI  - [Pediatrics and the prevention of mental deficiency].

PMID- 686965
TI  - [The physician and the diagnosis of severe form of mental deficiency].

PMID- 686966
TI  - [Description of an epidemiological approach. Example: the role of tobacco].

PMID- 686967
TI  - [Increased risk during delivery in premature and low-birth weight infants].

PMID- 686968
TI  - Psychic distress, life crisis, and use of psychotherapeutic medications: national
      household survey data.
AB  - Findings are reported from a nationwide survey of a cross-section probability
      sample (N = 2,552) of US adults. Data on psychic distress were obtained from a
      shortened version of the Hopkins symptom checklist, data on life crises from a
      shortened version of the Holmes-Rahe social readjustment rating scale. Methods
      for collecting data on use of psychotherapeutic medications were validated in a
      separate study. Data are presented on the prevalence of high levels of psychic
      distress and life crisis among various age, sex, and other demographic subgroups;
      on the relation between life crisis and psychic distress; and on the relation of
      life crisis and psychic distress to use of psychotherapeutic medications and
      alcohol. The findings suggest an illness behavior model for the use of
      psychotherapeutic medications in outpatient practice, and the lend little support
      to a "self-indulgent consumer" interpretation.

PMID- 686969
TI  - The familial prevalence of anxiety neurosis.
AB  - A family history study of 112 anxiety neurotics and 110 surgical controls showed
      that the morbidity risk for anxiety neurosis among first-degree relatives of
      neurotics was 18% compared to 3% among control relatives. Relatives of anxiety
      neurotics were also shown to be at higher risk for the development of alcoholism.
      Female relatives were found to be at greater risk than male relatives, reflecting
      their increased susceptibility to the illness. These data confirm previous
      findings of an increased familial prevalence of anxiety neurosis.

PMID- 686970
TI  - Plasma levels of chlorpromazine in schizophrenia; a critical review of the
      literature.
AB  - Measurment of chloropromazine and metabolite levels in the blood has not yet
      developed such that it can help the clinician. Apart from their chemistry, the
      clinical aspects of the experimentql design of most studies leave much to be
      desired, so that it is not possible to draw any overall conclusions about the
      relationship between chlorpromazine blood levels and clinical outcome from the
      data currently available. Measurement of response to a single test dose may prove
      potentially more fruitful in predicting outcome and in establishing drug and
      dosage choice for a given patient than simple attempts to correlate sustained
      dosage levels with clinical response. For chlorpromazine, indeed for any drug, it
      would seem wise in the first instance to focus clinically well-designed studies
      on the parent substance, rather than launching into more costly, but clinically
      unsophisticated, studies of its metabolites.

PMID- 686971
TI  - Test dose response in schizophrenia: chlorpromazine blood and saliva levels.
AB  - A gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric method for measuring chlorpromazine
      using 2H6--labeled chlorpromazine as an internal standard has the potential for
      considerable precision and specificity. Results are reported of chlorpromazine
      levels in plasma and saliva after administration of a single test dose to 13
      schizophrenic patients in a tightly designed experiment. There was a clear and
      substantive relationship between blood and saliva levels of chlorpromazine, both
      following a typical decay curve. Saliva and plasma levels were strongly
      associated for a particular patient, and there was even a strong consistency in
      saliva-plasma ratios between patients, with an overall statistically significant
      correlation between plasma and saliva levels for all measurement on all 13
      patients. In general, it seems that saliva sampling has great potential as a
      simple noninvasive technique for investigation of chlorpromazine and other
      antipsychotic drugs in psychotic patients. Nevertheless, for the moment, it
      should be regarded as strictly experimental and not suitable for immediate
      clinical application.

PMID- 686972
TI  - Saliva lithium concentrations in the management of lithium therapy.
AB  - To define conditions under which saliva lithium carbonate concentrations can be
      used as a guide in lithium therapy, serum (Cp) and saliva (Cs) concentrations
      were determined simultaneously under different circumstances in 12 patients
      receiving lithium, and the effect of seven variables for example, (sex, saliva
      flow rate) on the Cp:Cs ratio was examined. The average ratio was 0.57 if saliva
      was collected in the morning before breakfast and 0.45 otherwise. The Cp:Cs ratio
      was found to vary much more between individuals than within an individual. We
      propose a method that minimizes the effect of the interindividual variation on
      the error in the prediction of Cp from Cs by using one or two measured Cp:Cs
      ratios to adjust the individual ratio. Using this technique the Cs may be useful
      as a predictor of the Cp in monitoring lithium therapy.

PMID- 686973
TI  - The dose-response ratio in electroconvulsive therapy a preliminary study.
AB  - To investigate pretreatment patient variables that might correlate with dose
      response characteristics of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and treatment
      outcomes, 14 patients were assessed on a daily basis, before and during
      treatment, using self-report affective scales, three simple paper-and-pencil
      tests of cognitive function,and finger-tapping speed. From these data, dose
      response ratios and treatment outcome measures were derived. The dose-response
      ratio of ECT was found to correlate with age--the younger the patient, the more
      favorable the ratio. This finding is discussed in terms of the known
      relationships between brain monoamine oxidase levels and age, and the established
      relationship between seizure duration and treatment efficacy. The dose-response
      ratio over the first two electroconvulsive treatments as well as lesser degrees
      of initial congnitive and greater degrees of initial affective impairment
      correlated strongly with greater overall affective improvement. Some clinical and
      research implications of these findings are discussed.

PMID- 686974
TI  - Hazards of succinylcholine administration during electrotherapy.
AB  - We describe prolonged apnea following electrotherapy in a patient who was also
      being treated with a topical organophosphate anticholinesterase, ecothiophate
      iodide (phospholine iodide), for glaucoma. The increased duration of action of
      succinylcholine resulted from low levels of serum cholinesterase that had been
      caused by the organophosphate. Attention is called to other drugs that directly
      or indirectly (by lowering serum cholinesterase) interact with succinylcholine
      chloride resulting in prolonged apnea. Other potential hazards of succinylcholine
      administration, such as hyperkalemia and cardiac arrhythmias, are also discussed.

PMID- 686975
TI  - Academic psychiatry in the political marketplace.
AB  - There is pressure for all medicine to be publicly accountable and for there to be
      public manifestations of professional responsibility. The expectation of an
      immediate return on the public's investment in education is matched by cries
      for"relevence" in research. The generation and transmission of psychiatric
      knowledge is not compatible with such a direct telelogic approach. Yet, public
      accountability is necessary, considering the public monies involved. Academic
      psychiatry should become familiar with the political marketplace--a high-pressure
      environment where fiercely competing interests vie for the politician's attention
      through votes and contributions, and where the "squeaky wheel gets the grease".
      Psychiatry can ill afford to adopt a passive posture in this political
      marketplace. Psychiatrists bear responsibility for informing the public about the
      relevance of psychiatric research and education. The profession must accept--even
      embrace--the concept of public accountability as a synchronous extension of our
      professional responsibilities.

PMID- 686976
TI  - [Test of O,O-dimethyl(1-hydroxy-2,2,2-trichloroethyl)phosphonate (Trichlorfon)
      for carcinogenic acitivity in rats by oral (oesphageal-gastric intubation) and
      intraperitoneal application (author's transl)].
AB  - O,O-Dimethyl (1-hydroxy-2,2,2-trichloroethyl)phosphonate (Trichlorfon) is
      produced at a large scale and used in many countries e. g. in agriculture and
      housholds to control insects and on animals to control parasties. The compound
      (dissolved in isotonic sodium chloride solution) was tested for carcinogenic
      activity in albino rats by oral (oesophageal-gastric intubation) and
      intraperitoneal administration. The period of treatment was 90 weeks. The
      experiment was terminated at 118 weeks. There was no statistically significant
      difference when the tumor incidence in the groups of treated and control animals
      was compared. No carcinogenic activity of the compound could be demonstrated in
      rats at either route of application.

PMID- 686978
TI  - [The microscopy fluorometry (author's transl)].
AB  - The microscope photometry and the method of continuously recording photometry
      help in the exemplification of the temporal development of virus multiplication
      and in providing information on the localization of the antigen in cells.
      Furthermore an automatic fluorometric microscope photometer (AFM) is described.
      By this method, the titre and that dilution required for the complete detection
      of antigens can be determined and an objective comparison of the various
      conjugate specimens is possible.

PMID- 686977
TI  - An image analysing method for automated cytologic prescreening of cervix
      carcinoma and its prestages: demonstration and preliminary results.
AB  - The image analysing method for automated cytologic prescreening is founded on the
      evaluation of epithelial cell nuclei in regularly stained and prepared smears.
      The technical equipment consists of a fast scanning microscope and a software
      oriented computer. The device is able to isolate all objects present in the
      visual fields. Clumps, artefacts, detritus and other disturbing objects are
      eliminated. Among the cell nuclei the nonepithelial forms (histiocytes,
      leukocytes, lymphocytes) are distinguished from the epithelial ones. The latter
      are compared with a representative sample of normal epithelial cell nuclei,
      exactly classified by cytologists. All objects are described by 18 mathematically
      defined parameters. The results of classification is a statistical information on
      the probability of coincidence of an unknown case with the normal object sample.
      In addition the evaluation program provides the number of automatic isolated cell
      nuclei. By these informations it is possible to differentiate between positive
      (tumor-suspicious), negative and inadequate smears.

PMID- 686979
TI  - Pulse cytophotometric measurements on tumor cell suspensions and exfoliative
      material.
AB  - By impulse cytophotometry (ICP) it is possible to get a DNA-distribution curve of
      nuclei in cell suspensions. The ICP curve directly represents the ploidy pattern
      of the investigated cell population and, more indirectly the proliferation
      intensity. For practical tumor diagnosis in cytology by ICP as a first step we
      must know, wether the ICP is able to detect differences between normal and tumor
      cells by simple criteria. Together with our clinical coworkers we had
      investigated cell suspensions from carcinomas of the cervix, ovary, breast,
      larynx, stomach and malignant melanomas. Approximately one half of these tumors
      were poly- or aneuploid. In the remaining diploid tumors some did not show signs
      of strong proliferation in the form of high 4c-peaks in the ICP; for these the
      chances of detecting by ICP in exfoliative material are low. This is in agreement
      with our results on vaginal smears. Here we had a good correlation between the
      mean 4c-height of the ICP curves and the Papanicolaou grading. But mass screening
      is not the main application of ICP because the security of Pa-grading is more
      sufficient. In individual problematic cytological cases with repeated
      investigation ICP is a very valuable diagnostic aid.

PMID- 686980
TI  - [Diagnostic by angiography of soft tissue tumors of the extremities (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The diagnostic efficacy of angiography in soft tissue tumors of the extremities
      (15 malign, 16 benign) has been examined. Each of the malignant processes could
      be diagnosed correctly. We obtained two wrong positive results in chronic
      inflammatory processes. Both cases showed several angiographically malignant
      criteria.

PMID- 686981
TI  - Activity of some lysosomal hydrolases in the homogenates of transplantable
      melanotic and amelanotic melanoma in golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus,
      Waterhouse).
AB  - Activity of arylsulphatase, beta-glucuronidase, cathepsin D, and acid phosphatase
      in the homogenates of melanotic and amelanotic melanoma was determined. The
      activity of these enzymes is higher in melanotic than in amelanotic melanoma.
      Respective values for melanotic and amelanotic tumours are: arylsulphatase 10,78
      +/- 3,20, and 1,45 +/- 0,66 micron 4-nitrocatechole/mg protein/hr; beta
      glucuronidase 11,10 +/- 1,40, and 9,98 +/- 1,35 micron phenolphthalein/mg
      protein/hr; cathepsin D 4,24 +/- 1,37, and 3,26 +/- 0,73 micron tyrosine/mg
      protein/hr; acid phosphatase 230 +/- 22, and 180 +/- 25 micron p-nitrophenol/mg
      protein/hr. These differences are statistically significant. The increased
      activity of the lysosomal enzymes in melantoic melanoma probably depends on the
      occurrence of an higher number of lysosomes in tissues containing melanins.

PMID- 686982
TI  - [Recent results of intraoperative cytodiagnosis in thoracic diseases (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The intraoperative cytological quick-examinations and quick-tests may influence
      way and type of the operation in cases of uncertain nature. They may lead to the
      fact that the original schedule of operation is kept to or changed. Thus, the
      operation is performed according to the situation, and lung tissue may be saved.
      Therefore, the possibility of a rapid diagnosis during the operation is of great
      importance. It is, however, often difficult or risky due to a potential tumour
      transplantation or due to other complications, to obtain respective tissue
      material for histological examination, above all, in such cases where the foci
      are located very deeply in the lung parenchyma. Therefore, the authors deal with
      the cytological examinations of 216 tissue samples taken from 187 patients
      intraoperatively (obtained by thoracotomy: 119 cases, by mediastinoscopy: 57
      cases, by various surgical interventions: 20 cases). In 155 cases (82 per cent)
      the findings proved to be rightly positive or negative with regard to their
      malignity. The histological type diagnosis was correct in 79 per cent of all
      tumours. In 94 per cent of the nonmalignant processes the cytological finding was
      negative; besides, the authors point to the histological diagnosis of several
      types of benign tumours, Boeck-sarcoidoses, tuberculoses, other granulomatoses
      etc.

PMID- 686983
TI  - [Contributions to the morphological basis of the cytology of the respiratory
      tract (author's transl)].
AB  - It is reported on 275 cases treated for bronchial carcinoma at the Surgical
      Departement of Dusseldorf University between 1970 and 1974. In all cases
      cytological as well as histological methods were used for diagnosis. These cases
      are complemented by 60 cases selected under cytological aspects from other
      sources. Localization by X-ray proved a central tumor in 11% and tumors in the
      different lobes in 89% of the cases. Tumors were more frequent in the upper lobes
      (54%) than in the lower lobes (30%), and more frequent in the right lung (58%)
      than in the left (42%). Cytological smears were positive or suspicious in 77% of
      the central carcinoma and in 60 and 56% in cases of roentgenologically peripheral
      localization. There is no difference found between tumors in the upper and lower
      lobes. Bronchial secretion renders less positive results for all histological
      types. This indicates a small area of origin for the cells investigated by this
      method. Metaplastic cell changes were observed in one third of all cases
      involving all histological types equally. Operation was possible in only 30% of
      the cytologically diagnosed cases in comparison to 52% of all cases. The 60
      selected cases were composed of 48 primary and twelve secondary tumors. Probatory
      excision had been performed in 50%, 8% remaining negative even after repetition.
      33% could only be verified by autopsy corresponding to 29% with sputa, bronchial
      aspirate and pleural effusion positive at the same time and therefore regarded as
      late stages. Negative results can be caused by fibrosis as well as obstruction,
      fibrosis not being a regular result of treatment with X rays. Differentiation of
      tumor types is possible in cytological smears. Sometimes differences in the same
      tumor are evident and occasionally the tumor type can be more distinct in the
      cytological preparations. Metastatic tumor cells are open to false
      classification. Tumor and tuberculosis were found in four of sixty cases. One
      false positive result was caused by cells ressembling cases of experimentally
      induced bronchiolization of alveoli by different noxa.

PMID- 686984
TI  - [Problems of pulmonal cytology sent in from far (author's transl)].
AB  - The probability to find a correct diagnosis by cytological examination of sputum
      and other pulmonal specimens sent in to a cytological central laboratory far from
      comprehensibly seems to render somewhat lower than by histologically examining
      tissues. The cytologist must try hard to avoid false positive judgments, for the
      method soon falls into disrepute if false positive reports are sent out. The main
      source of false positive diagnosis seems to be a too subjective interpretation by
      the cytopathologist. Basal cell hyperplasia and atypical squamous metaplasia are
      the main morphologic alterations that may occasionally mislead even an
      experienced cytopathologist. Inquires to clinics and practice concerning an
      evaluation on value of sputum cytology to detect bronchogenic cancer proved a
      high appreciation of this method.

PMID- 686985
TI  - Cytological survey of bronchial brushings and aspirations performed during
      fiberoptic bronchoscopy.
AB  - In this series of 342 cases of bronchial carcinoma diagnosed by fiberoptic
      cytology (brushing and aspiration), comparison with the endoscopic findings gave
      the following results:--As regards primary carcinomas, 91 per cent of the cases
      in which the tumour was visible had a positive cytology when brushing was used
      and 84 per cent with aspiration. 79 per cent of the cases with no visible tumour
      but with suspicious changes of the bronchial wall had a positive cytology with
      brushing and 71 per cent with aspiration. When no abnormality could be seen by
      fiberoptics, positive cytologies dropped to 47 per cent and 50 per cent
      respectively.--In case of metastatic carcinoma the results are not as good.
      However, brushings gave 87 per cent positivity when the tumour was visible with
      the fibroscope and aspiration 75 per cent. Such cases are rather unfrequent
      unfortunately. Suspicious lesions at the fibroscope examination yielded
      respectively 68 and 64 per cent positivity. While in cases with no abnormality
      seen with the fibroscope brushings gave a 29 per cent positivity and aspirations
      a 25 per cent. No false positives were made. Correlation with histology and
      comparison with sputum cytology will be commented upon.

PMID- 686986
TI  - [Histogenesis of adenomas of the parathyroid gland].
AB  - The similarity of adenomas of the parathyroid gland with other tumours of the
      APUD-system elements was investigated. The structure of 10 adenomas was studied.
      The ultrastructural characteristics were compared with the histological structure
      of the tumour. Various histological variants of the neoplasias were shown to have
      similar ultrastructure. The tumour tissue was represented by clear transitional
      and dark cells. In their cytoplasm, osmiophilic granules of the secrete, villae,
      laminar structures resembling Nissl bodies, fine granular and fine fibrous
      substances, and lipid inclusions were found. The structural similarity of
      adenomas with other endocrine-active tumours developing from cells of the
      neuroectodermal origin (carcinoids, paragangliomas, etc.) was noted. It is
      suggested that parathyroid glands belong to the APUD-system.

PMID- 686987
TI  - [Cytopathology of bronchial tree secretions in bronchial asthma patients].
AB  - The methods of clinical cytology were used for examination of 64 patients with
      bronchial asthma (42 men and 22 women). Six patients were found to have an atopic
      form of asthma, 58--the infectiousallergic form. The material for a cytological
      examination was obtained by bronchoscopy. Early in the exacerbation stage and in
      patients with a relatively short duration of the disease the cytopathological
      pictures of the bronchial secretion are characterized by a relatively
      insignificant pathology of the cell composition. In cases of a long-term disease,
      great changes in the morphology of the cells and the pattern of the cytograms are
      observed up to the appearance of cell forms with marked signs of atypicity.

PMID- 686988
TI  - [Morphologic features of erythrocytes in normal subjects and in anemia caused by
      lead poisoning (electron microscopic study)].
AB  - The methods of scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to study
      erythrocytes from normal subjects and those suffering from anemia of lead
      poisoning genesis. Erythrocytes from normal subjects were shown to have
      predominantly convex-concave and biconcave shapes. An insignificant portion of
      ageing erythrocytes of spherical shape and decreased volume had granular surface
      and consolidated hemoglobin. Normally, in addition to the above-mentioned cells,
      erythrocytes with an abnormal relief occur: with perforating openings, crypt-like
      recesses, tubercles and processes. In anemia, the number of atypical erythrocytes
      increased many-fold. The process of sequestration and fragmentation of hemoglobin
      containing particles is one of the mechanisms of anemia development.

PMID- 686989
TI  - [Morphologic changes in the nervous system in acute oral poisoning with
      dichloroethane].
AB  - The nervous system of 14 patients dying of acute oral poisoning with
      dichloroethane was examined morphologically. Considerable vascular disorders
      (perivascular edema, congestive plethora, vascular dystony, small focal
      hemorrhages) and diffuse changes in the cerebral cells were found. The main forms
      of parenchymatous changes in the brain and spinal cord were acute swelling,
      shrinking, severe disease and ischemic changes in the nerve cells which occurred
      within 3--6 hours after taking dichlorethane. Pathomorphology of fibers of the
      spinal cord and peripheral nerves was presented by moderately marked myelin
      degeneration.

PMID- 686990
TI  - [Effect of pyridoxylate on the intensity of changes in the internal organs and
      skeletal musculature of rats under considerable physical loading].
AB  - Under considerable physical load, marked enzymopathy, increased permeability of
      cellular membranes with the involvement of cellular and subcellular structures
      develop in the myocardium, skeletal musculature and viscera of rats.
      Administration of pyridozylate decreases the intensity of damage reactions and
      normalizes to a certain degree the structure of cellular and subcellular elements
      of tissues. This indicates the advisability of the employment of the cell
      respiration regulators under conditions of general and tissue hypoxy and
      metabolic shifts.

PMID- 686991
TI  - [Ten years' experience in the conduct of touring circuits for advanced training
      in pathologic diagnosis of living patients].

PMID- 686992
TI  - [Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis].

PMID- 686993
TI  - [Renal actinomycosis].
AB  - A case of actinomycosis of the kidney in a man of 69 is described. The autopsy
      revealed a pyo-destructive process in the right kidney and paranephria with
      melting of the surrounding tissues and formation of fistulas. Histologically, a
      destructive variant of the development of actinomycotic granulomas with
      degenerating druses of the ray fungus and mycelial inclusions was revealed. This
      case may be classified as the primary form of actinomycosis.

PMID- 686994
TI  - [Method of performing an autopsy without cutting into the thorax or dissecting
      the ribs].
AB  - Two variants of autopsy of cadavers without cutting of the thorax and dissection
      of the ribs are described. The method is principally based on the transversal
      cutting of the abdominal wall alongside both hypochondria, severing of the
      diaphragm and exposure of a complex of organs (after preliminary removal of the
      intestine and spleen). In the first variant of autopsy, the upper part of the
      complex is crossed in the thorax at the level of the upper aperture of the
      thoracic cavity, leaving the organs of the neck without autopsy. In the second
      variant, no such crossing is done and the complex is removed together with the
      organs of the neck and the tongue (that is, the autopsy is complete). To separate
      the latter, an additional transversal supraclavicular cut about 10 cm in length
      is made. The advantages of these variants lie in the cosmetic effect.

PMID- 686995
TI  - [Use of semipermeable membranes in several histochemical reactions].
AB  - A method for using semi-impermeable membranes in histochemical reactions is
      described by the example of studying the activity of acid phosphatase in white
      mouse kidneys. The advantage of this method over the classical histochemical
      methods of detection of the acid phosphatase activity in the kidney is that it
      does not require fixation of the material to be examined, permits a long-term
      storage of the preparations necessary for repeated histoenzymatic-chemical
      studies and is highly accurate in the determination of the enzyme activity
      because the losses of its activity unavoidable with the use of a liquid
      incubation medium are absent in this method.

PMID- 686996
TI  - [Debatable and unclear questions concerning the morphogenesis of cancer of the
      large intestine and rectum].
AB  - The analysis of the pertinent literature shows that there is no reliable evidence
      on the essential importance of intestinal adenomatous polyps in carcinogenesis.
      The villous and glandular-villous tumours very often are considered to be highly
      malignant. However the growth pattern as well as histological, iltrastructural,
      histochemical, immunological, and other characteristics of villous tumours are
      close to those of adenocarcinomas. Therefore, villous tumours without invasion
      can be referred to as either carcinoma in situ of superficial cancer. The
      combination of experimental investigations and studies on human material
      indicates that colonic cancer prodeminantly develops de novo, that is, without
      preceeding morphological changes.

PMID- 686997
TI  - [Ultrastructure of activation of connective and lymphoid tissue cells during
      experimental infectious-allergic carditis].
AB  - As a result of multiple and long-term antigenic stimulation with streptococcal
      products in experimental infectious-allergic carditis (EIAC) in rabbits there
      occurs functional activation of young connective-tissue cells of the cardiac
      valve, endothelial and perithelial cells of myocardium vessels and cells of the
      lymphoid tissue. Enhanced secretion of tropocollagen is common for mesenchymal
      heart cells in EIAC. At that, the most marked fibrillogenesis is observed in the
      cardiac valve in which tropocollagen is aggregated into mature fibrillae.
      Fibrillogenesis is less marked around myocardial pericytes, and formation of
      thinner, incompletely formed pre-collagen (FLS) fibrillae is predominant. In
      EIAC, in lymphoid organs plasmatization of B-lymphocytes and increased
      immunoglobulin formation in plasma cells are observed which is most marked in
      cisterns of a rough ergastoplasmic reticulum of immature cells.

PMID- 686998
TI  - [Granulomatous lesions in the lungs of experimental animals].
AB  - Granulomatous lesions of the lungs and regional bronchopulmonary lymph nodes in
      laboratory animals which developed spontaneously but were of epidemic nature are
      described. Stages of the development of pulmonary lymphoepithelioid granulomas
      and giant cells, the appearance of caseose-like necrosis, and the development of
      sclerosis of the nodules are observed. The features of sclerosing of the nodules,
      localization of histiocytes, macrophages, and collagen fibers are similar to
      those in a silicotic process in the lungs developing upon administration of Si.
      Micelium of Aspergilli fungus detected in a number of cases is likely to be the
      cause of the lesion. The nodular process in its early phases can be
      differentiated from tuberculosis, pseudotuberculosis, sarcoidosis, and in late
      stages from nodular silicosis and other granulomatous reactions of
      hypersensitivity of the delayed type.

PMID- 686999
TI  - [Structuro-functional coniophage transformation as a response to fibrogenic dust
      and the possibility of its medicinal correction].
AB  - Electron microscopic and cytochemical studies indicate that structural and
      functional changes in coniophage occur under the influence of fibrogenous dust.
      These changes consiste in fragmentation of single phagolysosomes containing dust
      particles with the release of the contents into the cytoplasm, disorders in the
      structure of mitochondria, granular endoplasmic reticulum, and plate apparatus.
      These changes lead to a decline in the bioenergetics and biosynthetic function of
      coniophage. At a late stage, a damage of phagolysosomal apparatus as a whole
      causes autolysis of the cell. A principal possibility of directed effect on the
      membrane structures of coniophage for the purpose of influencing the initial
      mechanisms of silicosis development is demonstrated.

PMID- 687000
TI  - [Pathogenesis and classification of ischemic heart disease].
AB  - Modern clinicians encounter considerable difficulties in the diagnosis and
      treatment of ischemic heart disease which is first of all due to insufficient
      knowledge of the main mechanisms of the development of coronary insufficiency,
      myocardial dystrophy, myocardial necrosis, and cardiosclerosis. From the point of
      view of molecular cardiology, myocardial hypoxia cannot be considered as the
      foundation for ischemic disease. Metabolic insufficiency of the heart both of
      coronary and non-coronary origin should also be taken into account. Apart from
      ischemic (coronary) disease, ischemia of the myocardium alongside with metabolic
      disorders occurs in most diverse conditions and diseases. Therefore, in future
      this diagnosis will be reconsidered towards a more accurate determination of the
      causes of these disorders. Examples from clinical practice are presented for the
      discussion os such causes and mechanisms. A classification of the causes of
      metabolic heart deficiency and its outcomes is proposed.

PMID- 687001
TI  - [Pathologic anatomy of experimental pneumoconiosis induced by coal dust in
      different stages of metamorphism].
AB  - The paper presents the results of investigations of experimental pneumoconiosis
      caused by inhalational administration of coal dust of the III and IV stages of
      metamorphism, of the similar petrographic composition without quartz admixtures.
      Coal dust of the IV stage of metamorphism was found to have more marked
      fibrogenic properties. Within 6-9 months, fibro-dust foci, destructive bronchites
      and pulmonary emphysema developed. Coal dust of the III stage of metamorphism
      within the same period causes only the development of cellular-dust foci,
      catarrhal bronchitis, and slightly manifest emphysema.

PMID- 687002
TI  - [Morphofunctional state of the cellular elements of a tuberculous granuloma].
AB  - In the process of histogenesis of tuberculosis granuloma in which the leading
      role belongs to cells of the bone-marrow origin their initial ultrastructure is
      rearranged and forms characterized by a high functional activity emerge.
      Mononuclear cells are transformed both into macrophages and epithelioid cells.
      Ultrastructural and functional differences in epithelioid cells were found. Some
      of them synthesize mainly hydrolytic enzymes, others protein, still others
      apparently produce glycosaminoglycans. The former have functions of macrophages,
      in the others no signs of phagocytosis are observed. Complexes of contacting
      epithelioid cells are one of the sources of multinuclear giant cells.

PMID- 687003
TI  - [Histologic and ultrastructural features of human parathyroid cancer].
AB  - Histological and electron microscopic examinations of cancer of the human
      parathyroid gland showed different histological variants of cancer from dark
      chief cells to be characterized by polymorphism of the size and shape of the
      cells, atypical nuclei, a decreased number of organelles, increase of their
      polymorphism, appearance of centrioles with satellites typical of rapidly
      proliferating cells. Acidophilic cells of a solid variant of cancer were
      characterized by polymorphism of the size and shape, and the presence of a large
      number of mitochondria with osmiophilic or clear matrix and polymorphic cristae.
      All histological variants of cancer of the parathyroid gland have foci of
      necrosis, invasion of tumor cells into the gland capsule, and into the blood and
      lymph vessels.

PMID- 687004
TI  - [Morphologic criteria for the initial forms of stage Ia invasive cancer of the
      cervix uteri].
AB  - Morphological study was carried out on biopsy and operation materials from 107
      patients with initial forms of cervical cancer. The initial forms of cancer
      include lesions suspect for infiltrative cancer, and infiltrative cancer with the
      depth of invasion not more than 3 mm. The condition of the stroma in initial
      invasion which is considered to be a defence reaction is described in detail. In
      85% of the patients the infiltrative cancer developed against the background of
      carcinoma in situ, in 15% against the background of dysplasia. The authors
      believe that the morphological features of the initial invasive forms are
      sufficient for distinguishing them as a separate stage Ia.

PMID- 687005
TI  - [Stimulating effect of fetal serum on the regeneration of several tissues].
AB  - Experiments in 164 animals carried out by morphological, histochemical, morpho
      functional and clinical methods established the fact of stimulation of the
      recovery processes in post-operational wounds of the stomach, urinary bladder,
      and radius upon parenteral inoculation of the fetal serum. The process of healing
      of these wounds was found to be shortened by 10-25%. The main effect of the fetal
      serum is directed on activation of the proliferative processes of a young
      connective tissue in the reparation zone. A hypothesis of the stimulating role of
      embryospecific proteins (alpha-fetoprotein) is suggested.

PMID- 687006
TI  - [Malignant carcinoid that developed against a background of chronic gastric
      ulcer].
AB  - A description of malignant carcinoid of alveolartrabecular structure developing
      in the edge of chronic progressive gastric ulcer is presented. Granules
      detectable by argirophilic method of Grimelius, toluidine blue after acid
      hydrolysis, and lead hemotoxylin were found in the cytoplasm of tumor cells.
      Changes in the epithelium of the type of cancer in situ as well as marked
      hyperplasia of argirophilic cells were observed in gastric mucosa in the edges of
      the ulcer. Although this observation may be interpreted as a peculiar variant of
      Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, it is more likely that this is a malignized chronic
      ulcer with carcinoid differentiation of the tumor tissue.

PMID- 687007
TI  - [Recurrences of ovarian granulosa cell tumors].
AB  - Investigations of two cases of relapses of granulocellular tumors of the ovaries
      established their characteristics: cyst formation in nodes of the tumor growing
      on the peritoneum, formation of Call-Exner strucutres characteristic of the ovary
      tissue in tumors, and growth of the tumor on serous integument without ingrowing
      into the parenchyma of the abdominal cavity organs. The similarity of the
      observed characteristics of peritoneal tumor with typical signs of the ovary
      tumors suggests that mesothelium retains some properties common to those of the
      ovary tissue and acquired in embryogenesis.

PMID- 687008
TI  - [Ultrastructural changes in the epithelial cells of the small-intestinal mucosa
      in liver cirrhosis].
AB  - Electron microscopic study of epithelial cells of cryptae and villi of the mucous
      membrane of the small intestine was carried out in 11 patients with portal
      cirrhosis of the liver in the active phase. Changes including a decrease in the
      number of ribosomes, impaired structure of mitochondria, microvilli, terminal
      reticulum, and glycocalix were found. Epithelial cells of the villi were affected
      more than the epithelium of cryptae. These changes were identical in the duodenum
      and in the proximal part of the jujunum.

PMID- 687009
TI  - [Changes in the ultrastructure of parietal cells of gastric glands in chronic
      gastritis].
AB  - The studies of the ultrastructure of parietal cells in chronic gastritis revealed
      changes in mitochondria manifested by clearing of the matrix, reduction in the
      number and length of christae and partial or complite vacuolation of the
      cytoplasm. Changes of intracellular microtubules and endoplasmic reticulum were
      also found. The described disorders in the ultrastructure of parietal cells in
      chronic gastritis are the morphological substrate of disoredrs in hydrochloric
      acid secretion in this disease.

PMID- 687010
TI  - [Pathological aspects of acute suppurative infections of different etiology and
      localization].
AB  - In the past decade the rate of purulent infectious complications caused by
      staphylococci and gram-negative bacteria of the genera Pseudomonas and
      Enterobacteriaceae which are highly resistant to antibiotics has increased. In
      therapeutic institutions these microbes cause group contageous diseases which are
      called "hospital infection". They are characterized by the development of
      fibrinopurulent, purulent, or purulent-necrotic inflammation. The amount of
      necrotic changes, the depth of extention of the inflammatory process, and the
      severity of general toxicity in progressive infection depend considerably on the
      features of toxins, enzymes, and other biologically active substances of the
      causative agents. Differences in the pathogenesis, clinical and morphological
      manifestations, and specific antibacterial means for therapy of purulent
      infections require that individual forms are distinguished among them by
      etiology.

PMID- 687011
TI  - [Morphology of the liver in peptic ulcer and postgastrectomy complications
      (electron-microscopic study)].
AB  - Electron microscopic examinations of 13 liver biopsies obtained from 4 patients
      with duodenal ulcer, 4 with peptic ulcer of gastroenteroanastomosis and 3 with
      the dumping syndrome showed these diseases to be accompanied by nonspecific
      ultrastructural changes in hepatocytes, intercellular connections, the system of
      bile tubules and microcirculatory bed which are more marked in
      postgastroresection complications and not always correspond to the histological
      condition of the organ, particularly when changes in its histological structure
      are not very marked. From the fact that the range of ultrastructural changes in
      the livers of patients of these groups are more extensive and variable than
      histological ones, it may be assumed that the intact histostructure of the organ
      does not exclude the occurrence of pathological processes in it.

PMID- 687012
TI  - [Plasmocytic granuloma of the lungs].
AB  - Research Institute of Tuberculosis of the RSFSR Ministry of Public Health, Moscow
      Summary-Five observations of plasmocytic granuloma from the resected lungs are
      described. Polymorphism of the cell composition of these formations and the
      stages of their development reporter in literature are based on proliferation of
      the cells of mononuclear phagocytic system. Therefore the authors consider
      plasmocytic granuloma to be a local manifestation of incompetence of compensatory
      reactions of this system.

PMID- 687013
TI  - [Osteoid osteoma].

PMID- 687014
TI  - [On tumor progression].

PMID- 687016
TI  - Is the "artificial kidney" only a kidney?

PMID- 687015
TI  - [Reply to A.V. Artemov's letter to the Editorial Board of the Journal, "Arkhiv
      Patologii"].

PMID- 687017
TI  - Hematologic observations made in patients with acute respiratory distress
      syndrome in the cooperative ECMO project.
AB  - In a recently completed three-year multicenter trial, 90 individuals with adult
      acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) were randomly allocated to
      conventional therapy with or without long-term extracorporeal membrane
      oxygenation (ECMO). This study conclusively demonstrated that ARDS is associated
      with frequent major bleeding and thrombotic episodes and that the bleeding
      correlates best with the degree of thrombocytopenia and is enhanced by the
      machine. Neither heparin's therapeutic efficacy nor its ability to increase
      bleeding could be proven. ARDS is associated with a complex coagulation
      disturbance. Besides thrombocytopenia, there were lowered circulating levels of
      factors VII and XII which may be related to changes in the pulmonary endothelium.
      ECMO was associated with relative leukopenia and a marked shift to immature
      circulating leukocytes. Further studies are needed to better define the clinical
      importance of thrombosis and bleeding in the lung, the role for heparin in
      treatment, and the meaning of reductions in coagulation factors in defining the
      course, prognosis and response to therapy of patients with ARDS.

PMID- 687019
TI  - Membrane oxygenators.

PMID- 687018
TI  - Evaluation of hemodialyzers and dialysis membranes. Report of a study for the
      artificial kidney-chronic uremia program NIAMDD-1977.

PMID- 687020
TI  - Uremic neuropathy: evidence of middle molecule toxicity.
AB  - Ten dialysis patients were followed in a prospective study to determine the
      neurotoxicity of metabolites in the middle molecule (MM) molecular weight (mol
      wt) range of 500-200 daltons/molecule. In the absence of readily available direct
      serum measurements of MM concentrations, a theoretically calculated dialysis
      index, D1(MM), which included the combined effects of dialysis and residual
      glomerular filtration rate (GFR) on MM removal was used to estimate changes in
      their predialysis concentrations. The ten patients were dialyzed on protocols
      which yielded a D1(MM) less than 1.0. Evidence of uremic neuropathy developed in
      six of these ten patients, and five of these six also developed a progression in
      their anemia. Two additional patients with no signs of neuropathy developed a
      progression in their anemia. One patient developed pericarditis with tamponade. A
      total of eight patients developed complications. One additional patient developed
      increased weakness, tiredness and general malaise without change in objective
      findings. When the dialysis therapy to reduce MM concentrations by increasing the
      D1(MM) above 1.0 was instituted, the complications were reversed. Our data
      support the findings of others, namely, that there are toxic substances in the MM
      mol wt range of 500-2000 daltons/molecule. However, a synergism between elevated
      concentrations of small molecules and MM cannot be ruled out.

PMID- 687021
TI  - Mathematical formulation of the dialysis index for middle molecules, D1(MM).

PMID- 687023
TI  - Hemofiltration--a new method for the purification of blood.

PMID- 687022
TI  - Human thoracic anatomy relevant to implantable artificial hearts.
AB  - The objective of this study is to define the human thorax in a quantitative
      statistical manner such that the information will be useful to the designers of
      cardiac prostheses, both total replacement and assist devices. This paper
      pertains specifically to anatomical parameters relevant to the total artificial
      heart. Methods were developed for generating an integrated, statistical model of
      the anatomical structures within the human thorax. These methods involve
      definition of the anatomy in four areas: chest wall, pericardium, vascular
      connection locations, and great vessels. Results are presented in three
      dimensional scale views of the human thorax showing the main features pertinent
      to cardiac prosthesis implantation. Statistical variability of this data is also
      included. Measurements were obtained from a number of sources and represent both
      normal and diseased patients. The ERDA total artificial heart was shown to
      successfully fit the fiftieth percentile adult male human.

PMID- 687024
TI  - Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

PMID- 687025
TI  - [Principles of growth in the acetabulum. Consequences for the shelf operations
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Not unlike a Mercedesstar the arms of the Y-growthzone divide the cup of the
      acetabulum into three equal segments. The three branches of the Y-zone are
      spheroid. So the socket can expand evenly and conform to the head by feed back.
      Otherwise the socket would fill up. For the cartilage of the concave acetabulum
      proliferates by apposition to its uppermost layers, exactly as the hyaline
      cartilage does in the convex condyles. The trend of the socket during growth goes
      outwards, forwards and downwards. It moves away from a metal mark, set into the
      ileum flush with the shelf. It is precisely this increasing distance, that
      happens to a surgical shelf in a child. Failure will be inevitable. 614 shelf
      operations checked.

PMID- 687026
TI  - [Subchondral cysts of the iliac acetabulum (author's transl)].
AB  - Subchondral solitary bone cysts occur, as well as in numerous other places in the
      skeletal system, also in the roof of the acetabulum. These cysts differ from
      typical arthrosis growelcysts in form, position and X-ray appearances. They can
      be found in hips otherwise normal on X-ray examination (Group I), or in the
      presence of prearthrosis or arthrosis (Group II). The clinical features and the
      pathological anatomy of this form of bone cysts are discussed, as well as its
      aetiology. The pain precipitated by these cysts is very favorably affected by
      operative filling of the cyst with autologous spongiosa, as shown by follow up of
      the 19 operations done by the authors. These operations were done on an average 7
      years previously. The result was good or satisfactory in 17 out of these 19
      cases. The 2 treatment failures were due to wrong indication for operation--the
      simultaneous arthrosis was already too advanced. The authors prefer for this
      operation the Watson-Jones approach and recommend, if a large acetabulum-roof
      cyst is present, immediate filling of the cyst also if an intertrochanteric
      osteotomy is done at the same time because of prearthrosis or arthrosis.

PMID- 687027
TI  - [The relevance of histological results for the evaluation of materials for bone
      replacement (author's transl)].
AB  - Different groups have observed and reported deviating tissue reactions for the
      same material for bone replacement: for the "bioinert" Al2O3-ceramic close bone
      contact is mentioned, others report about a soft tissue layer adjacent to the
      implant; for the "bioactive" glass ceramic interfaces capable to transmit
      considerable shear forces are described, others found no interface bonding.--The
      analysis of the results of animal experiments and the evaluation of clinical
      follow-up studies show that these discrepancies had been caused by the
      differences of the biomechanical situations in the examined interfaces. It is
      pointed out that the negligence or not mentioning of the load pattern at the site
      of examination can lead to misinterpretations about the possibilities and limits
      of applicability of biomaterials.

PMID- 687028
TI  - [Myotendinitis crepitans of the abd. poll. long. and the ext. poll. brevis
      muscles with a reactive cheralgia paraesthetica (author's transl)].
AB  - 15 patients--among them 10 bricklayers--were observed with a peracute painful
      swelling of the long abductor and the short extensor of the thumb following a
      short strain of the hand. This swelling could reach the size of an egg and was
      accompanied by crepitation which could be heard and felt. A concomitant neuralgic
      pain deriving from the superficial branch of the radial nerve was observed in 5
      cases. The author discusses pathogenesis and therapy of this syndrome.

PMID- 687030
TI  - [The biomechanical significance of the vastus medialis and lateralis muscles
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Anatomic considerations and electromyographic investigations show that the Mm.
      vasti medialis and lateralis both have a synergistic function with regard to the
      extension of the knee and an antagonistic function in stabilizing the rotation of
      the femur against the tibia. The rotational stabilisation for the femur by the
      Mm. vasti is very important in preventing knee injuries, especially ligamentous
      ruptures. On the other hand, extreme reflectoric muscle contractions, caused by a
      rotational trauma can cause chondromalacic lesions in the femoro-patellar joint,
      broadening the syndrome of the "unhappy triad" to an "unhappy tetrad".

PMID- 687029
TI  - [Desmoid fibromas of the extremities (author's transl)].
AB  - Two cases of rare desmoid fibromas are being reported, localised in the
      extremities. After a literature review of these tumors, the clinical
      characteristics are pointed out and difficulties in therapy discussed. The tumors
      occasionally appear on the forearm or the thigh of juvenile patients and show a
      similar development. In the first case, 7 operations with resection of the n.
      medianus and n. ulnaris were necessary to prevent a recurrence. In the second
      case, we saw a solitary and rapidly growing tumor, surrounding the sciatic nerve
      with a great tendency to recur.

PMID- 687031
TI  - [The influence of low-frequency DC (system Kraus-Lechner) on bone growth
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Osteons of Beagle-ulnae were calculated in growth. Controlled osteons were
      compared with osteons after "therapy". Stimulation was made with electro-nails
      system Kraus-Lechner. The mean-values of osteons after "therapy" surpass control.
      The fundamental question, whether induction of bone growth occurs with low
      frequency electromagnetism will in all probability be have to answered in the
      affirmative.

PMID- 687032
TI  - [On the morphology of the hyalin cartilage under immobilization and
      remobilization (author's transl)].
AB  - Structural degenerative changes in the hyaline cartilage of joints induced by
      immobilization are well known. To find out whether these changes are reversible,
      the right knee-joint from rabbits was immobilized by extra-articular fixation for
      2 or 4 weeks, respectively. In 8 animals the joints were then remobilized for 6
      months. Cartilage of the joints was investigated by light microscopy, scanning-
      and transmission electron microscopy. Already after 2 weeks of immobilization
      changes in the superficial layer of the cartilage were obvious; after 4 weeks all
      components of the cartilage tissue were involved in a degenerative process. These
      changes progressed in the 6-month period in which the joint was remobilized. At
      the end of the experiment the morphology of the cartilage tissue was comparable
      to the structural aspect of a typical arthrosis. It is concluded that an external
      immobilization of a joint which comprises also a pressure on the surface of the
      cartilage cannot be considered as a harmless procedure. It is recommended to be
      very cautious with the indication of a therapeutical immobilization of a joint
      and, if necessary, to use it as short as possible.

PMID- 687033
TI  - [The persistance of synchondrosis acetabuli as a possible cause for protrusion
      arthrosis (author's transl)].

PMID- 687034
TI  - [Ball shaped callus formation of the ribs--a diagnostic sign of steroid
      osteoporosis (author's transl)].

PMID- 687035
TI  - Muscle fiber atrophy after cast immobilization in the rat.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of 6 weeks of bilateral cast
      immobilization on the adult Wistar rat plantarflexors. Knee and ankle joints were
      fixed in the neutral position, under sodium pentobarbital anesthesia. Controls (n
      = 7) and cast-immobilized (n = 7) rats were sacrificed at 6 weeks after the onset
      of the experimental period. The muscles were evaluated for muscle weight, protein
      content, and fiber histochemistry. There was equal weight loss in the
      gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris muscles, and greater loss of myofibrillar
      protein than of sarcoplasmic protein concentrations. Fiber atrophy of types I and
      II was equal in the soleus, and that of type II was greater than the type I
      atrophy in both regions of the plantaris. All soleus and 2 plantaris muscles
      demonstrated fiber damage. The results of this experiment suggest that the degree
      of fiber atrophy is specific to the fiber type and to its location in different
      muscles or muscle regions.

PMID- 687036
TI  - Paraplegia: succinylcholine-induced hyperkalemia and cardiac arrest.
AB  - The rapid development of hyperkalemia leading to cardiac arrest can occur in
      patients with spinal cord injuries and other conditions when succinylcholine is
      used during the induction of anesthesia. Three patients with thoracolumbar spinal
      cord injuries resulting in lower motor neuron lesions or lesions above the lower
      extremity motor units developed hyperkalemia followed by cardiac arrest after
      succinylcholine administration. The mechanism by which succinylcholine leads to
      hyperkalemia from denervated muscle is described and precautions to be taken are
      mentioned. Physicians caring for patients with denervated muscle due to spinal
      cord injuries should be aware of this danger and nondepolarizing muscle relaxants
      should be used instead of succinylcholine.

PMID- 687037
TI  - Peripheral nerve involvement in spinal cord injury: an electromyographic study.
AB  - This electromyographic study was undertaken to assess the peripheral nervous
      system in patients with various types of paraplegia. Twelve patients were
      studied. In 8 patients the paraplegia was of the spastic type while 4 had flaccid
      paraplegia. Electromyographic abnormalities consisting of denervation potentials,
      slowed conduction and inexcitability of nerve were demonstrated in the lower
      limbs of all patients. These findings suggest a diffuse neuropathy of unknown
      cause, although local pressure palsies may have occurred in some patients.
      Because this involvement was more apparent in the flaccid group of paraplegic
      patients as compared with the spastic one, it is concluded that the peripheral
      nervous system plays an important role in determining the type of paraplegia that
      develops following complete spinal cord lesions.

PMID- 687038
TI  - Idiopathic scoliosis: an electromyographic study.
AB  - Thirty-one patients from 12 to 19 years of age having idiopathic scoliosis
      underwent electromyography of the paraspinal musculature using a Teflon-coated
      monopolar electrode. The studies conducted with the patients both prone and
      standing revealed no abnormalities on electrode insertion suggestive of a
      neuropathic process. In the prone position 29 patients had electrical silence on
      both the concave and convex side of the curvature. In the standing position most
      of the patients had asymmetrical activity with a preponderance of activity on the
      convex side. However, 33% of the patients in whom the spinal musculature was
      silent in the standing position had balanced curves. This observed correlation
      between a balanced curve and electrical silence warrants further study.

PMID- 687040
TI  - Epidurography in reduction of lumbar disc prolapse by traction.
AB  - As epidurography uses a water-soluble contrast medium in the diagnosis of disc
      lesions, this procedure can be repeated, unlike conventional myelography which
      uses an oily contrast medium. Successful employment of epidurography before and
      after traction in 14 cases of adult prolapsed intervertebral disc syndrome is
      described.

PMID- 687039
TI  - Spirometry in convalescent hemiplegic patients.
AB  - The forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)
      and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) were determined in 20 patients with
      convalescent hemiplegia. The FVC and FEV1 were reduced and the PEFR was within
      normal range. These results indicate a restrictive ventilatory defect with an
      FEV% that approached the vital capacity. The physical ability of each patient was
      assessed on the basis of the time it took to walk a distance of 18.5 meters as
      quickly as possible. Although it appears from the results that physical ability
      did not bear any relationship to the degree of restrictive ventilatory defect,
      other parameters of spirometry may be needed to confirm this. The results suggest
      that the restrictive ventilatory defect will be of more clinical importance in
      exercise tolerance for strenuous exercise than in ordinary daily activities.

PMID- 687041
TI  - Language impairment evaluation in aphasic patients: developing more efficient
      measures.
AB  - Two short forms of the Porch Index of Communicative Ability (PICA) were derived
      using data from 50 adult aphasic patients. Subtest, modality and overall
      intercorrelations, internal consistency reliability estimates, means and standard
      deviations were computed for both forms and full-length test. Results indicate
      that the short forms are equivalent. Further, they seem to be measuring the same
      traits as the long form, have only slightly lower reliability, and have
      practically identical means and standard deviations across all subtest, modality
      and overall scores.

PMID- 687042
TI  - Program evaluation of a physical medicine and rehabilitation unit: a new
      approach.
AB  - Rehabilitation units must meet the increasing demand for empirical documentation
      of the quality of care patients receive. Hospitals wanting to do program
      evaluations will find few published materials providing norms by which to judge
      the adequacy of the functional outcomes achieved by their rehabilitation
      patients. The purpose of this research was to develop an approach to program
      evaluation that would serve the accreditation needs and would be relatively
      inexpensive to implement. Sixty-nine consecutive admissions for cerebral vascular
      accidents (CVA) were assessed on activities of daily living (ADL) and cognition
      using a behaviorally defined procedure called the "Level of Rehabilitation Scale"
      that was developed for program evaluation purposes. Nurses and spouses of
      patients were interviewed to obtain the observations that were rated. Further
      ratings on ADL and cognition were made at discharge. Those at home 6 weeks and 4
      1/2 months after discharge were assessed on the same scales and on home-relevant
      activities. Experience with the instrument showed that ratings of function can be
      made in a reliable and valid fashion. The research provides the beginning of the
      accumulation of improvement norms for CVA inpatients and documents maintenance of
      improvement 4 1/2 months after discharge. Hospitals and rehabilitation units can
      utilize these norms and this method of program evaluation economically using
      nonclinically trained staff.

PMID- 687043
TI  - Communications options for patients with brain stem lesions.
AB  - The communication treatment programs of five individuals with brain stem lesions
      were reviewed. The sequence of treatment included the following stages: early
      establishment of communication, establishment of a flexible nonvocal
      communication system, development of functional verbal communication, and
      maximizing intelligibility of speech.

PMID- 687044
TI  - Dumbbell neurilemoma simulating lumbar disk disease.
AB  - The beneficial response to a nonsurgical program for lumbar disk disease in a 56
      year-old woman seemed to obviate invasive procedures. Fourteen months later, the
      previous symptoms and findings recurred. A myelogram showed a block at T12-L1 and
      a small herniated disk at L4-L5. A neurilemoma was removed. The patient is well 4
      years later.

PMID- 687045
TI  - Secondary spinal lesions in spinal cord injury patients.
AB  - On hospital admission, 6 spinal cord injured patients were noted to have second
      noncontiguous levels of spinal injury that were previously unrecognized. These
      secondary levels of spinal injury were diagnosed as a result of routine admission
      total spine radiographic examinations. Two cases are described in detail, one
      with the secondary spinal lesion above and the other below the primary spinal
      cord injury. Careful total spine radiographic studies are recommended to prevent
      complications, in the event that such lesions are initially unrecognized.

PMID- 687046
TI  - Web-belt loop for relief of pressure on buttocks.

PMID- 687047
TI  - Bacteriuria during intermittent catheterization following spinal cord injury.

PMID- 687048
TI  - Neurologically active drugs in spinal cord injury: a clinical coding system.

PMID- 687049
TI  - Inverted spinal traction.
AB  - The effect of inverted positioning on spinal length and electromyographic (emg)
      activity of superficial lumbar area musculature was investigated in 20 healthy
      men. Spinal length tape measurements were taken with subjects first sitting erect
      and after 1 minute in the inverted position. An integrated bioelectric monitoring
      system was used to quantify emg activity. Initially, a stable emg baseline was
      identified for each subject resting supine on a motorized tilt table. The
      randomly selected control group subjects remained supine for an additional 245
      seconds. Experimental group subjects were inverted for half this duration and
      returned to the resting position for the remainder. Data were recorded for 10
      second accumulation periods of emg activity 16 times from each subject. The 1
      tailed paired t-test was applied to all data. The difference between the means of
      the spinal length measurements taken sitting and during inversion was highly
      significant (p less than 0.005). The difference between the mean emg activity of
      the inversion period and the baseline mean was also statistically relevant (p
      less than 0.03). This study concluded that inverted positioning for short periods
      significantly increased spinal length and reduced emg activity of the superficial
      lumbar area musculature of normal males. These findings complemented the clinical
      observations of several authors.

PMID- 687051
TI  - Pulsating shortwave diathermy: value in treatment of recent ankle and foot
      sprains.
AB  - The effects of 2 pulsating shortwave diathermy treatments (Diapulse and Curapuls)
      were compared with placebo treatment in recent ligamentous injuries of ankle and
      foot in 300 outpatients. The areas of comparison were reduction in swelling,
      recovery of strength and range of motion of the injured ankle, improvement of
      walking ability, and duration of disability. There were only slight differences
      between Diapulse and Curapuls treatment groups. No statistically significant
      differences could be observed in the recovery of strength and range of motion or
      in the duration of disability among the 3 groups, although walking ability in the
      Diapulse group recovered better than in the placebos (p less than 0.01) and
      reduction of swelling was significantly better for Curapuls (p less than 0.001
      than for placebos.

PMID- 687052
TI  - Oral health services for adult rehabilitation patients: three illustrative cases.
AB  - Recent research has shown that the actual capability of physical medicine and
      rehabilitation units to provide oral health services is less than the need as
      perceived by rehabilitation administrators. Three cases have been selected to
      illustrate the nature and diversity of health benefits that can be provided by a
      complete oral health service which focuses on rehabilitation patients. The
      advantages of offering a comprehensive oral health service include not only
      improvement of the oral health of the patient but also often directly aids the
      patients' achievement of overall rehabilitation goals. Furthermore, by
      synergistic interaction with the other rehabilitation disciplines, an oral health
      service can appreciably enhance the quality and the scope of the rehabilitation
      program itself. Additionally, a new adaptive device for oral grasping, designed
      for use by patients who lack the use of their upper extremities, is illustrated.
      The device is intended to provide the patient with a range of functions including
      recreational participation in board games as well as vocational activities which
      require the lifting or grasping of objects.

PMID- 687050
TI  - Muscle state: reaction and movement time in elbow extension.
AB  - Eleven subjects reacted to a randomly timed auditory stimulus by extending their
      right elbows as rapidly as possible under agonist muscle normal state, pretensed
      and relaxed conditions. Integrated electromyography (emg) was used to validate
      and quantify muscle state. Total reaction time was divided into premotor reaction
      time and motor reaction time components, and elbow movement time was measured
      under all conditions. Significant differences were observed in the integrated emg
      between the pretensed and relaxed experimental conditions. Differences were
      observed in total reaction time and premotor time, but not in motor reaction time
      or movement time.

PMID- 687053
TI  - Pentazocine fibrous myopathy: report of two cases and literature review.
AB  - Two patients are described in whom the analgesic, pentazocine (Talwin), injected
      intramuscularly over long periods of time, resulted in a fibrous myopathy of the
      injected muscles. Although early testing of pentazocine indicated a low abuse
      potential and no skin or muscle complications, reports of such abuse and
      complications have since appeared in the literature, a review of which is
      included.

PMID- 687054
TI  - Neurophysiologic syndromes in stroke as predictors of outcome.
AB  - Outcomes in self-care following rehabilitation in 226 patients were correlated
      with 11 stroke syndromes, reflecting several pathophysiologic disturbances
      subsequent to either infarction or hemorrhage in cerebral or vertebro-basilar
      vessels. Self-care was scored on a 20-point scale for bed movements, transfers,
      feeding, dressing, personal hygiene, and bathing. Interjudge error among
      therapists did not exceed 2.5%. Mean score in left cerebral infarction without
      aphasia was used as a referent value. Scores in left cerebral infarction with
      aphasia and right parietal lobe syndrome with and without spatial agnosia were
      similar to the referent. Brain stem dysfunction with spasticity and right
      cerebral infarction with paresis and spatial agnosia fell below the referent
      value (Pless than 0.05). Higher levels were achieved in the syndromes of left and
      right anterior cerebral artery territories, brain stem dysfunction with ataxia,
      and left parietal lobe syndrome with comprehension aphasia, although t-values
      were not significant. Length of stay among the 11 groups was fairly uniform
      except for the  group with brain stem dysfunction with spasticity and the group
      with left hemiplegia with spatial agnosia. These groups indicated rather severe
      disabilities. Aside from neurologic dysfunction the range of scores was
      influenced by associated cardiopulmonary involvement.

PMID- 687055
TI  - Independent living rehabilitation needs of postdischarge stroke persons: a pilot
      study.
AB  - The responses of 73 poststroke persons to a rehabilitation needs scale were
      analyzed. Forty-two of the respondents were married, and their spouses were
      interviewed separately. Four null hypothesis were tested: (1) Postdischarge
      stroke persons would not perceive themselves as still having rehabilitation
      needs. (2) The more frequent need statements would not be psychosocial in nature.
      (3) The frequency of need statements made by married stroke persons would not be
      different from single stroke persons. (4) Married stroke persons and their
      spouses would not be different in need statements made. Null hypotheses 1 through
      3 were rejected at the P less than 0.01 level, but hypothesis 4 was not rejected.
      The sample stroke population perceived themselves as still having rehabilitation
      needs, and stroke patients or their spouses could be used as informants about
      rehabilitation needs. Single and married stroke persons emphasized different
      needs, particularly in the area of vocational rehabilitation. This statistically
      significant different (P less than 0.001) may stem from a dramatic discrepancy in
      income levels. The average income monthly for single stroke persons was $369,
      while the average income monthly of married stroke persons was $1120.

PMID- 687056
TI  - Cancer rehabilitation: assessment of need, development, and evaluation of a model
      of care.
AB  - A sample of 805 cancer patients, comparable to but not identical with a national
      study, was screened to identify: rehabilitation problems encountered at different
      cancer sites; the need for rehabilitation services; and gaps in the delivery of
      rehabilitation care. Significant numbers of rehabilitation problems were found
      that could be improved by rehabilitation care. Psychologic  problems were
      commonly encountered and seemed more severe in patients with physical
      disabilities; these patients have to make adjustments to both life-threatening
      disease and to a disabling condition. The findings suggest a need for
      psychosocial support services on any oncology service; where cancer is associated
      with significant physical disability, a comprehensive rehabilitation team with
      psychologic management capability is often needed. Primary barriers to optimal
      delivery of rehabilitation care are the lack of identification of patient
      problems and/or lack of appropriate referral by physicians unfamiliar with the
      concept of rehabilitation. Health care financial support for the patients in the
      sample came primarily from private insurance, Medicare and Medicaid; financial
      support from the patient's family held up well even in the advanced stages of the
      disease. A model of rehabilitation care delivery was established and implemented,
      with the result being that gaps and barriers to rehabilitation service delivery
      disappeared rapidly.

PMID- 687057
TI  - Imprisonment of patients in the course of rehabilitation.
AB  - The patient carries the major responsibility and plays the most significant role
      in the rehabilitation process. It is appropriate to continuously examine
      rehabilitation management techniques to determine the degree to which they
      facilitate or inhibit patient participation. Of 213 consecutive inpatients on the
      rehabilitation service of an urban municipal hospital serving a black community,
      53 requested discharge before the team considered it advisable. Thus, one patient
      in four differed with the staff on the decisive issues of functional ability
      within the environment and readiness for discharge. These "imprisoned patients"
      were confined against their wills. Improved communication between patients and
      staff, patient education and mutual goal-setting would yield greater patient
      participation on the decision-making process.

PMID- 687059
TI  - Custon handles of dental acrylic to promote self-sufficiency of handicapped
      patients.
AB  - Dental materials lend themselves to a multitude of applications outside the
      dental profession. The inherent physical properties of dental acrylic
      (autopolymerizing methyl methacrylate) provide the potential for practical
      adaptation to a variety of functional problems. A technique using dental acrylic
      is described, which is easily adapted to a variety of circumstances, enabling
      digitally handicapped patients to perform independent functions. Specific
      stepwise instructions are provided for the fabrication of an easily customized
      acrylic-handled toothbrush and an efficient one-handed knife. The combination of
      dental acrylic and this flexible technique provides a useful tool in the
      alteration of appliances for handicapped persons.

PMID- 687058
TI  - Rehabilitation of patients with multiple sclerosis.
AB  - There are inherent difficulites in the rehabilitation of patients with multiple
      sclerosis (MS). The clinical manifestations of the disease vary tremendously, as
      does its natural course. The many theories on the etiology, pathogenesis and
      treatment of MS are presented. However, at the current time, the patient with MS
      may be treated with the realistic goal of minimizing the effects of the disease.
      This is accomplished best in a rehabilitation setting. Diagnosis, prognosis, and
      factors associated with precipitaiton or exaggeration of symptoms, are discussed.
      Specific techniques of rehabilitation of decreased motor power, spasticity,
      ataxia and intention tremor, speech and optic defects, and impaired sensation are
      presented. Decubiti and ulcerations, bladder and bowel problems, and sexual
      dysfunction are recognized as common problems and attention must be directed to
      these. The importance and wide array of emotional difficulties in patients with
      MS is emphasized, and those patients who may benefit from psychotherapy are
      discussed.

PMID- 687060
TI  - Relationship between somatic and psychopathometric variables in disorders of
      consciousness.
AB  - Function psychosis is the most frequently observed response of the brain to
      disturbances in general practice and in hospital. A complete test system is
      presented for measuring grades of severity of function psychoses. It is possible
      to trace the course of the function psychosis in a curve similar to pulse and
      temperature curves.

PMID- 687061
TI  - The structure of vigilance.
AB  - Vigilance is understood as a primarily behavioral category. Identical stimuli
      tend to evoke more or less differentiated behavioral responses dependent on a low
      or high state of vigilance. The rise of vigilance from coma to full attention
      moves along with increasing differentiation of evoked behavioral responses. With
      heterogeneous physical, figurative, and verbal stimuli, responses are elicited
      which can be arranged on an additive (Guttman) scale. Thus, vigilance is
      suggested to represent a one-dimensional function of the brain.

PMID- 687062
TI  - Evaluation of speech and language in neuropsychiatric disorders.
AB  - Changes of language and speech in neuropsychiatric patients are described by use
      of a quantifying procedure. In the transcript of a standardized interview the
      following variables are evaluated (by estimation of indices): rate of speech,
      pauses, indistinct and incomprehensible articulations, aphasic disturbances,
      subordinate: principal clause ratio,  stuttering, neologisms, grammatical
      mistakes, thought disconnections, perseverations/verbigerations, vague
      utterances, disturbances of orientation, utterances with unusual though content,
      euphoric utterances, dysphoric utterances, and change of the affective state.
      Reliability of these indices is tested by inter-rater comparison. The course of
      speech-language reorganization during therapy is followed. The present method
      does not intend to give a detailed psycholinguistic analysis, but it yields an
      objective measure of clinical impressions on abnormalities of language and speech
      in neuropsychiatric disorders.

PMID- 687063
TI  - Changes of psychophysiological reactivity in affective disorders.

PMID- 687064
TI  - The measurement of change in sleep during depression and remission.
AB  - Sleep disturbances, which are a prominent symptom of depressive illness, were
      analyzed in endogenously depressed patients during depression and during full
      remission. These disturbances may be described at the level of sleep stages, at
      the level of the sleep profile, and at the level of consecutive sleep records.
      The scoring of sleep stages in sleep records of depressive patients provides
      difficulties, because the temporal coherence of different electrophysiological
      descriptors of sleep is weakened during depression. The sleep profile of
      depressed patients is characterized by alterations in the normal sequence of
      sleep stages and frequent stage changes. The disturbances in the sleep profile
      are unstable in that they show marked day to day fluctuations. It could be shown
      in some patients that there is a correlation between parameters of the first REM
      sleep and urinary free cortisol excretion in corresponding nights.

PMID- 687065
TI  - From measurement to interpretation of change in psychopathology.
AB  - The experimental literature on changes in verbal self-report, psychophyiological
      reactions and overt motor behavior under stress or therapy is reviewed. The
      concordance of changes across the systems is generally low, their order difficult
      to predict. The correlation of changes is interpreted to depend--besides crucial
      methodological issues--on the preparedness of the subject to test and to modify
      his propositions defining in which situations he might experience certain somato
      visceral reactions and emit certain overt motor acts successfully.

PMID- 687066
TI  - [Psychological aspects of sleep deprivation. A controlled study on depressives
      and normals (author's transl)].
AB  - A study of total sleep deprivation for one night was performed on 12 patients
      with endogenic depression and 10 with neurotic depression, as well as a control
      group of 10 normals. The study was designed to answer the following questions: 1.
      Are the correlations between self-ratings and clinical assessments of sleep
      deprivation effects satisfactory? 2. Are sleep deprivation effects modified by
      the personality dimensions extraversion and neuroticism? 3. What effects do the
      interactions of rater and patient and their expectations have on therapeutic
      results? The findings confirmed the therapeutic effects of sleep deprivation in
      depressives. The correlations between self-ratings and clinical assessments were
      satisfactory. The therapeutic  effects were not significantly influenced by
      psychiatrist-patient interactions or their expectations. The relevance of these
      results to explanations of sleep deprivation effects is discussed.

PMID- 687067
TI  - [The symptom of EEG-flattening accompanying psychomotor attacks, their frequency,
      duration, form and significance. A video-band analysis of 78 patients with 187
      attacks (author's transl)].
AB  - A total of 187 psychomotor attacks in 78 epileptic patients were recorded on
      video band; 48 patients (61.5%) and 100 attacks (55.5%) showed signs of EEG
      flattening. This flattening became manifest before the clinical onset of the fit
      in 11.88% of patients, simultaneously with the fit in 30.5%, during the fit in
      17.1%, and at the end of the attack in 4.8%. In 10.7% of the attacks, the
      flattening was considered as a cardinal EEG symptom of the fit, since it lasted
      longer than two-thirds of attack duration. Side differences in flattening
      occurred only in 6.4% of all attacks. The constancy of flattening varied in
      patients who had several attacks. Only few cases showed consistent flattening. In
      50% of attacks with a remembered aura, the flattening occurred before the
      clinical signs of the fit. Since EEG flattening is explained by an arousal
      activation of the ascending reticular formation, it is assumed that the epileptic
      discharge of the psychomotor attack is initiated by activation of the nonspecific
      ascending reticular and limbic systems. This results in EEG flattening and
      clinically in an unconsciousness reaction.

PMID- 687068
TI  - [Changes in lactate dehydrogenase levels in acute articular rheumatism, chorea
      minor and the Schonlein-Henoch syndrome in childhood].
AB  - Changes in serum LDH in AAR, Sydenham's chorea and purpura rheumatica and their
      significance were investigated in 103 cases observed at the 1st Paediatrics
      Clinic, University of Turin. A search was made for relation between such changes
      and the laboratory parameters in rheumatism. The data showed that blood LDH can
      be profitably determined in the diseases considered.

PMID- 687069
TI  - [Carcinomas of the small intestine].
AB  - Two cases of carcinoma of the small intestine are described. In spite of its
      large epithelial surface, this organ is rarely a cancer site. For these reason,
      an account is given of cases observed over the previous year. In addition,
      mention is made of the pathological anatomy, symptomatology, preoperative
      investigation, and treatment of this form.

PMID- 687070
TI  - [Non-endocarditic mitral insufficiency].
AB  - A case of non endocarditic mitral insufficiency in a 76 years old woman is
      described. After an extensive pathogenetical introduction, a comparison is made
      between clinical features of this case an its pathogenetical possibilities. The
      conclusion is drawn that there are most probabilities for an atherosclerosis of
      the antero-medial limbus of the mitral valve, arising from a coexisting
      atherosclerotic mild stenosis of the aortic valves.

PMID- 687071
TI  - [Early diagnosis of the diabetic disease. Studies on a high-risk population
      sample].

PMID- 687072
TI  - [Incidence of coronary, cerebral and lower-limb atherosclerosis in diabetics].
AB  - The literature data regarding the incidence of coronary, cerebral and lower
      extremity atherosclerosis in diabetes are reviewed. A retrospective assessment of
      data relating to in-patients of the Umberto I Hospital Medical Division during
      1972-1975 showed that atherosclerosis occurs more often and earlier in diabetics.
      It is more frequent in women over 50, especially in the case of coronary forms. A
      similar high incidence of vascular lesions is also noted in subclinical forms.
      This is particularly true of coronary sites in females and lower extremity sites
      in males. It is clear that screening for glucose intolerance in all vasculopathic
      subjects, coupled with careful genetic and familial investigation, are essential
      acids to preventive and social medicine in this particular sector.

PMID- 687073
TI  - [Narcosis, platelet aggregation and arousing drugs].
AB  - During pentobarbital (25 mg/kg i.v. in 2 min), pentothal (15 mg/kg i.v. in 2 min)
      and ketamine (10 mg/kg i.v. in 2 min) narcosis, rabbits showed reduced platelet
      reactivity ot the direct aggregating effect of ADP (2 X 10(-5) M) and the
      indirect effect of thrombin (0.1 U/ml). Certain arousal drugs, specifically those
      of metabolic type such as SAMe (20 mg/kg i.v. in 2 min) and Thiola (166 mg/kg
      i.v. in 2 min) and of haemodynamic type such as nicergoline (6.66 mg/kg i.v. in 2
      min) and hexobendine (5 mg/kg i.v. in 2 min) administered 31 min after narcosis
      induction, impede the depression brought on by narcosis on on platelet
      reactivity.

PMID- 687075
TI  - [Alcoholism survey. Clinico-statistical study of 3009 patients in a General
      Medicine Division].
AB  - The alarming spread of alcoholism is noted and its aetiology is examined in the
      light of its many causes and influencing factors. Steps to stem the tide are
      discussed, along with the methods to be adopted and the persons by whom they
      should be put into effect. Drinkers are classed as large and small alcoholics and
      the incidene of alcoholism in 3009 male and female patients is examined in the
      light of the type of drink involved, occupation, age and reason for admission to
      hospital. Attention is drawn to the high number of male alcoholics. Screening for
      alcoholism in hospital is recommended as a means of preventing the syndrome.

PMID- 687074
TI  - [Changes in the incidence of coronary vasculopathy in the Cosentina hospital
      population in the 3-year periods of 1950-52, 1956-58, 1963-65, 1966-68, 1969-71].
AB  - The incidence of admissions for coronary disease in relation to age, sex, diet,
      occupation and place of origin was examined for five 3-yr periods ('50-'52, '56
      '58, '63-'65, '66-'68, and '69-'71). There was a marked increase in admissions
      and a greater incidence among middle-aged subjects and males. The percent
      frequency differences between urban and montane districts noted in the fifties
      were less apparent later in the last three-year period.

PMID- 687077
TI  - [Significance of the mammary areolae].

PMID- 687076
TI  - [From the analysis of the inadequacies of a 200-bed zonal hospital to an
      alternative proposal of a single general hospital to be used by the whole
      territory].
AB  - The adequacy of the hospital to meet patients' needs was analysed on the basis of
      patients admitted to the Medicine Division over a 6 month period. Critical
      discussion of the numerous deficiencies encountered shows: 1) that the small
      zonal hospital of 200 beds is inadequate to perform the tasks and function of
      modern medicine; 2) that, more generally, the hierarchical distinction still
      ruling in regional, provincial and zonal hospitals is anachronistic. The proposal
      for a single General Hospital for acute patients (available for the whole
      territory) is put forward and the relations of this new unit with out-patient
      structures are defined.

PMID- 687078
TI  - Intestinal obstruction due to phytobezoars. Observations in two patients with
      hypothyroidism and previous gastric surgery.
AB  - Two patients had small-bowel obstruction due to phytobezoars. Both patients were
      hypothyroid. One patient had undergone a previous pyloroplasty for pyloric
      stenosis and the other a truncal vagotomy and a pyloroplasty for a duodenal
      ulcer. Similarities and differences between the two cases and the possible
      predisposing factors in the formation of the phytobezoars are discussed. The
      recognition of high-risk patients, and their education to prevent phytobezoars
      are emphasized.

PMID- 687079
TI  - Left-sided colectomy with retroileal colorectal anastomosis.
AB  - Following resection of the sigmoid and descending colon for cancer or extensive
      diverticular disease, it may be impossible to make a colorectal anastomosis due
      to inadequate length of the residual transverse colon. To correct this problem,
      the remaining transverse colon may be pulled into the pelvis by making a "window"
      in the terminal part of the ileal mesentery. From January 1966 to January 1975,
      302 resections of the descending colon with colorectal anastomoses were performed
      by one of the authors (R.B.T.) for upper sigmoid cancer and extensive
      diverticulitis at the Cleveland Clinic. Eleven patients (4%) had retroileal
      colorectal anastomoses. The retroileal apprach is a technical aid when performing
      an extensive left-sided colectomy and/or when there is insufficient length of
      residual transverse colon to make a tension-free colorectal anastomosis.

PMID- 687080
TI  - Transposed basilic vein-brachial arteriovenous fistula. A reliable secondary
      access procedure.
AB  - Over a two-year period, 25 transposed basilic vein-brachial arteriovenous
      fistulas were created as secondary vascular access procedures in patients
      undergoing chronic hemodialysis. The operative technique is described in detail.
      One-year patency rate by life-table analysis was 85%. There were two minor
      complications. The procedure is advocated as a reliable secondary-access
      procedure when a radial-cephalic arteriovenous fistula cannot be constructed or
      has failed.

PMID- 687081
TI  - Spontaneous rupture of the spleen in lymphoma.

PMID- 687082
TI  - A method for rapid identification of distal arterial tree in massive soft-tissue
      injury.

PMID- 687083
TI  - Efficacy of preoperative antibiotic therapy in wound infection.

PMID- 687084
TI  - Captain or engineer.

PMID- 687085
TI  - Free beer tomorrow.

PMID- 687086
TI  - Hemodynamic studies of the audiofrequency analysis of carotid bruits.
AB  - The contribution of carotid audiofrequency analysis to the noninvasive diagnosis
      of carotid arterial lesions requires clarification. Carotid arterial stenoses
      were simulated in the dog and the following measurements were made: proximal and
      distal arterial pressure, blood flow, percent area reduction, and carotid
      audiofrequency analysis. A 40% area reduction produced a systolic bruit but no
      interference with flow or pressure. A 60% area reduction produced a pansystolic
      bruit and a reduction in peak systolic flow (precritical stenosis). A 70% area
      reduction produced a systolic bruit that extended into diastole, a reduction in
      mean blood flow, and an increased pressure gradient (critical stenosis). At total
      occlusion, there was no recordable heart sound or bruit. Carotid audiofrequency
      analysis can establish the hemodynamic importance of a carotid artery lesion and
      it is an essential component of any noninvasive examination.

PMID- 687087
TI  - Rational management of the asymptomatic carotid bruit.
AB  - A noninvasive cerebrovascular evaluation has been devised that combines three
      separate but complimentary procedures: ocular pneumoplethysmography (OPPG),
      carotid audiofrequency analysis (CAA), and cerebral Doppler analysis. This
      evaluation has proven particularly useful in examination of the asymptomatic
      carotid bruit, and the management of such patients is aided by noninvasive
      testing. Patients with a poorly compensated stenosis (reduced OPPG) are all
      considered candidates for angiography and surgery. For patients with a well
      compensated (normal OPPG) but surgically important stenosis (abnormal CAA or
      Doppler), angiography and surgery are recommended in selected patients.
      Angiography and/or surgery are believed safely withheld in all remaining
      patients. The reliability and effectiveness of this approach is evaluated in a
      series of 100 consecutive patients with an asymptomatic carotid bruit. There were
      no false-positive results and only known false-negative interpretation.

PMID- 687088
TI  - Doppler ankle systolic blood pressure. Prognostic value in vein bypass grafts of
      the lower extremity.
AB  - The prognostic value of Doppler-derived ankle systolic pressure indices for
      predicting the patency of vein bypass grafts in the lower extremity was analyzed
      in 126 vein bypass grafts performed for limb salvage. Early or late graft failure
      was not found to correlate with the preoperative ankle systolic pressure index
      (ASPI). Intraoperative blood flow measurements did not correlate with the
      preoperative ASPI. An intraoperative graft flow of less than 0.7 at 24 to 48
      hours, or an increase in ASPI of less than 0.4 were prognostic signs of early
      vein graft failure.

PMID- 687089
TI  - A simplified instrument for noninvasive vascular assessment.
AB  - A simple, inexpensive pulse wave recording device was tested in large (25- to 40
      kg) dogs. Femoral arterial flow, prestenotic and poststenotic arterial waveforms,
      and pressures were monitored as stenosis was induced with a constricting silk
      loop. The recording device tested was placed around the distal leg. The pulse
      wave recorder accurately reproduced the arterial pulse waveform. The amplitude of
      the device's waveform was linearly proportional to the arterial pulse pressure.
      The instrument was sensitive in detecing a flow-limiting stenosis. The cuff
      represents an advance in noninvasive vascular assessment because it is quite
      inexpensive, portable, and durable, as well as precise and sensitive.

PMID- 687090
TI  - Limb salvage by inverted Y vein grafts to below-knee arteries.
AB  - Distal Y branches to other below-knee arteries were added to standard
      femorotibial bypass grafts to increase runoff, more effectively perfuse the
      ischemic limb, and improve limb salvage rate. Y grafts were performed in 16 lower
      limbs in 15 patients. Flow through the graft was increased significantly with
      each additional Y limb. Preoperative angiograms demonstrated filling of the
      distal vessels. Surgical indications were gangrenous toes or ischemic ulcers in
      12 patients, and 13 limbs were saved. Three patients received bypass grafts for
      acute ischemic changes, limbs were salvaged in two of the three patients. Two Y
      grafts performed in 1971 and in 1974 remain patent. Between 1971 and 1977, forty
      standard femorotibial bypasses were done, with a long-term patency rate of 54%.
      During the past two years, 13 more Y grafts were performed, with an overall
      initial patency of 94%. Late results of the Y grafts have been surprisingly good,
      with no subsequent loss of grafts or limbs.

PMID- 687091
TI  - Preservation of erectile function after aortoiliac reconstruction.
AB  - Men with aortoiliac atherosclerosis exhibit organic erectile dysfunction caused
      by inadequate blood flow and/or psychological factors. After aortoiliac
      reconstruction, organic erectile dysfunction may be due primarily to surgical
      interruption of autonomic nerve fibers. To avoid this, dissection principles
      preserving genital autonomic plexi were developed. The results of these
      dissections were compared with those of conventional bypasses. Thirty nondiabetic
      men (age range, 43 to 67 years) were studied. A history of erectile capacity was
      elicited preoperatively and evaluated postoperatively in follow-up interviews
      every six months. Normal postoperative erectile function was not affected by
      nerve-sparing dissections. Each of the 11 patients requiring conventional
      dissections was both preoperatively and postoperatively impotent. Four of the 19
      patients who underwent nerve-sparing dissection were preoperatively and
      postoperatively impotent. Seven of these 19 patients maintained preoperative
      potency after nerve-sparing dissection. The potency of the remaining eight
      patients was either completely restored or improved after nerve-sparing
      dissection. This report emphasizes the importantance of a preoperative
      determination of a complex interplay of physical and psychological factors in
      erectile dysfunction.

PMID- 687092
TI  - Cardiac and pulmonary function in regional intestinal shock.
AB  - After a two-hour period of regional intestinal shock (arterial inflow pressure 30
      to 35 mm Hg; electrical stimulation of regional vasoconstrictor fibers at 6 Hz) a
      pronounced cardiovascular derangement is observed as reflected in a rapid fall in
      arterial blood pressure. In this study, central hemodynamics and lung function
      were investigated to elucidate if functional changes in the thoracic organs might
      explain the cardiovascular collapse. No alteration of pulmonary function was
      observed. A negative inotropic influence on the heart was, however, noted as
      judged by a decreased left ventricular stroke volume and left ventricular maximal
      pressure change in the face of an increased left ventricular end diastolic
      pressure. Based on earlier observations with the same shock model, it is proposed
      that the cardiac effects were caused by cardiotoxic material released from the
      hypoxic gut.

PMID- 687093
TI  - Splenectomy and the thymic involution of increasing age.
AB  - Forty young female rats, aged about 3 months, were weighed on entry into the
      study; half were subjected to initial splenectomy. Animals were weighed at
      monthly intervals therafter. Ten animals from each group were killed at four
      months, and ten from each group at one year. Thymuses and spleens were dissected
      out and weighted. Because of progressive weight gain, all groups showed declining
      thymic index. Absolute thymus weight did not change signficiantly in
      splenectomized animals. Intact animals showed significantly reduced thymus weight
      at 4 months (P less than .001) and at 12 months (P less than .005). We conclude
      that the spleen may be a causative factor in the thymic involution of increasing
      age. The process is gradual and indolent compared to the rapid thymic weight
      depletion that occurs in the presence of growing tumor.

PMID- 687094
TI  - Potassium cardioplegia. An alternate method of intraoperative myocardial
      protection.
AB  - Potassium-induced cardioplegia was studied in 38 mongrel dogs supported by
      normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass and subjected to 60 minutes of aortic cross
      clamping followed by 30 minutes of reperfusion. A study of preischemic and
      postischemic ventricular function and myocardial high-energy phosphate compounds,
      lactate, and glycogen showed substantial preservation of high-energy phosphates
      and ventricular performance when potassium cardioplegia was used. However, the
      substantial depression in contractility observed following ischemia nad
      reperfusion suggests that potassium cardioplegia alone does not provide adequate
      intraoperative protection of the myocardium.

PMID- 687095
TI  - Role of portal venous blood supply from the pancreas in maintaining hepatic
      functional reserve. Appraisal of Warren's shunt operation.
AB  - Mitochondrial phosphorylative activity was measured in the livers of various
      shunted or pancreatectomized dogs. In simple portal vein branch-ligated dogs, the
      mitochondrial phosphorylative activity in the nonligated lobe, which was supplied
      with excess portal blood, increased to approximately 150% of control values. In
      splenocaval-shunted or totally pancreatectomized dogs, the mitochondrial
      phosphorylative activity did not increase even in the nonligated lobe. However,
      the mitochondrial phosphorylative activity in the nonligated lobe increased to
      120% of control in 80%-pancreatectomized and 150% in 50%-pancreatectomized dogs.
      In distal splenorenal-shunted (Warren-shunted) dogs, the mitochondrial
      phosphorylative activity increased to 150% of control values. Thus, the Warren's
      shunt operation is considered to be the more reasonable procedure for treatment
      of liver cirrhosis with esophageal varices, from the point of view of hepatic
      functional reserve based on the energetic metabolism of the liver.

PMID- 687096
TI  - A treatment plan for rapid assessment of the patient with massive blood loss and
      pelvic fractures.
AB  - Exsanguinating retroperitoneal hemorrhage secondary to pelvic fractures is a
      frequent cause of death in the injured pedestrian. Attempts at lowering the
      mortality from these injuries have led to a variety of suggested treatment
      modalities, including observation, arterial ligation, or direct suturing of the
      bleeding sites. Arteriographic embolization is perhaps the newest modality but
      requires implementation of a rapid and efficient triage and treatment plan. Each
      of the suggested modalities and the formulation of such a treatment plan are
      discussed and a case report showing the feasibility of immediate arteriographic
      embolization as the preferred mode of management is presented.

PMID- 687097
TI  - Adenocarcinoma of the small bowel associated with Crohn's disease.
AB  - We treated a patient with adenocarcinoma complicating long-standing Crohn's
      disease; this brings the total number of reported cases to 38. Review of the
      previously published cases suggests that adenocarcinoma complicating chronic
      Crohn's disease is a separate pathologic entity, as compared with carcinoma de
      novo of the small bowel.

PMID- 687098
TI  - Cholecystocele. A congenital anomaly of the gallbladder.
AB  - Complete excision of a cholecystocele is recommended unless the remaining biliary
      drainage of the liver would be jeopardized. Evidence suggests that the
      embryologic development of the gallbladder and cystic duct is probably a
      sequestration and differentiation process from the hepatic antrum and not an
      independent "budding" from the primitive hepatic diverticulum.

PMID- 687099
TI  - Mesenteric fibromatosis in Gardner's syndrome.
AB  - Two patients with mesenteric fibromatosis in Gardner's syndrome were treated by
      us. These tumors are slow-growing and may remain quiescent for long periods.
      Review of similar cases in the literature discloses that less than half of these
      tumors have been removed, pointing to the difficulty of their resection.
      Dissection of the infraduodenal portion of superior mesenteric vessels may help
      define whether these tumors are resectable. Radiation therapy or treatment with
      antiestrogens may be helpful in the treatment of unresectable tumors.

PMID- 687100
TI  - Looking backward for profit and pleasure.

PMID- 687101
TI  - Wound contraction and fibrocontractive disorders.
AB  - A most important contribution to the understanding of wound healing has been the
      identification of the myofibroblast. These cells contract like smooth muscle
      cells and have been identified in a variety of chronic and open wounds. The
      myofibroblasts have been reported as the causative factor resulting in the wound
      contraction. This report demonstrates the presence of the myofibroblasts in
      breast capsule contraction, as well as in Peyronie's disease. The presence of the
      myofibroblast in Peyronie's disease and Dupuytren's contracture suggests that the
      myofibroblast may be the causal factor behind the association of these two
      disorders. The evidence suggests that a spectrum of fibrocontractive disorders
      exists that has the myofibroblast as the common denominator. Some evidence is
      presented that permits the speculation that the myofibroblast may be a
      transformation of the local fibroblast to a smooth muscle cell in response to
      forces applied to the tissue.

PMID- 687102
TI  - Frequency of bowel movements after colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis.
AB  - Stool frequency was studied in 43 patients several years after they had undergone
      ileorectal anastomosis. Seven (16%) of the patients had high and potentially
      disabling frequency. The level of anastomosis above the anus, patient age, and
      length of ileum resected were not shown to be important factors. Resection in
      patients with neoplastic disease was generally better tolerated than in those
      with diverticulosis. From this study, it seems that potentially disabling stool
      frequency will be an inevitable consequence in about one sixth of the patients
      having the operation.

PMID- 687103
TI  - Management of familial breast cancer. I. Biostatistical-genetic aspects and their
      limitations as derived from a familial breast cancer resource.
AB  - Practical guidelines are given to promote decision-making logic by the physician
      in managing patients seeking consultation (consultands) because they may be at
      high familial risk for breast cancer and associated malignant neoplasms. The
      protocol is designed to aid in the assessment of patients who may become
      candidates for intensified cancer surveillance and/or prophylactic surgery. A
      resource comprised of 90 extended breast cancer-prone pedigrees provides the
      basis for these specific recommendations. The resource shows marked tumor
      heterogeneity among pedigrees, an approximate 50% incidence of breast cancer and
      associated malignancies among offspring of affected parents, and threefold higher
      risk for development of mammary carcinoma in the opposite breast of familial
      patients with unilateral disease than in sporadic patients. In utilizing this
      protocol, it is crucial that family history be highly accurate from the
      standpoint of genealogic relationships and pathologic tumor verification so that
      management recommendations may reflect sound risk factor assessment.
      Interpretation of familial risk factors should ideally be made by an informed
      medical-geneticist. All members of the medical team should then be appraised of
      familial risk and collectively engage in decision making with the consultand. We
      believe that this approach can foster more effective control of familial breast
      cancer.

PMID- 687104
TI  - Management of familial breast cancer. II. Case reports, pedigrees, genetic
      counseling, and team concept.
AB  - The lack of therapeutic progress, coupled with limitations in early breast cancer
      diagnostic surveillance, suggest the need for innovative control programs for
      this disease. We have provided certian practical criteria for prophylactic
      subcutaneous mastectomy based on family history, presence of precancerous
      diseases of the breast, and other breast cancer risk factors, and the attitudes,
      feelings, and emotional aspects of the patient, all of which temper decisions for
      the type of cancer surveillance program and/or prophylactic surgery.

PMID- 687105
TI  - Radiation-related thyroid carcinoma.
AB  - Of 1,825 subjects with a history of head or neck irradiation, 358 (19.6%) were
      found to have thyroid abnormalities. One hundred sixty-five (9%) had either
      single or multiple nodules 153 (8.4%) had diffuse thyromegaly, and 40 (2.2%) had
      had thyroid surgery. Surgery was performed on 113 subjects with nodules;
      carcinoma was found in 34 (30.1%). Clinical examination of the neck was the most
      valuable method of detecting abnormalities. Detection of nodules was not
      significantly enhanced by routine use of thyroid imaging studies. Measurements of
      levels of serum thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyroxine, triidothyronine resin
      uptake, and thyroid antibodies were not useful in screening for nodules or
      carcinoma.

PMID- 687106
TI  - Transcatheter thromboembolectomy of acute renal artery occlusion.
AB  - Direct surgery of the renal artery has been performed for the relief of acute
      thrombotic or embolic occlusion of the renal artery to restore adequate renal
      perfusion and prevent irreversible renal failure. Occasionally, severe medical
      disease may increase surgical risk to a prohibitive level. An angiographic
      technique has been devised to provide an alternative approach and has been
      successfully used on five occluded renal arteries in four patients, with
      measurable benefit.

PMID- 687107
TI  - Penetration of clindamycin into the human appendix.
AB  - Clindamycin penetrated extremely well into inflamed (19) and normal (one)
      appendices. Average levels in appendiceal tissue taken 26 to 300 minutes after a
      single intravenous dose were 154% of the simultaneous serum concentration.

PMID- 687108
TI  - Enhancement of tissue Po2 of strangulated bowel by topical application of sodium
      nitroprusside.
AB  - The Po2 was measured in the tissue of the ileal wall of dogs before, during, and
      up to one hour after reversible occlusion of segmental arteries. The occlusion
      was then released and the reoxygenation of the bowel wall was observed. Sodium
      nitroprusside (50 mg in 100 ml of solution) applied topically to the ischemic
      segment enhanced reoxygenation as compared to control animals. Nitroprusside
      absorbed into the portal system did not cause hypotension, as is usual with
      systemic administration, because nitroprusside is inactivated by passage through
      the liver. Topically applied sodium nitroprusside alleviates intestinal ischemia
      by direct local vasodilatation and relaxation of smooth muscle spasm in the
      ischemic bowel wall. The intraperitoneal use of sodium nitroprusside should be
      clinically evaluated in situations where visceral perfusion is impaired.

PMID- 687109
TI  - Total colectomy and anal ileostomy in multiple polyposis coli.
AB  - Two patients with familial polyposis coli were treated by total abdominal
      colectomy, endorectal mucosal stripping, and ileoanal anastomosis. About 24
      months after operation, both patients had four to five soft-formed stools daily
      with good anal sphincter control. Because of its physical and emotional
      advantages and the fact that possible precancerous lesions are treated
      completely, we believe that this operation is superior to those generally used
      today.

PMID- 687110
TI  - Familial polyposis coli. Management by total colectomy with preservation of
      continence.
AB  - Two cases of familial polyposis coli were managed by total colectomy and
      endorectal pull-through with excellent long-term results. The performance of a
      temporary loop ileostomy is advisable to prevent anastomotic complications. In
      addition, it avoids the excessive diarrhea and perianal excoriation that
      frequently occur in the early postoperative period until full continence is
      regained. This is the only method that allows the preservation of rectal function
      and prevents the occurrence of rectal cancer. It should be considered as a real
      alternative to either subtotal colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis or total
      colectomy with construction of an ileostomy.

PMID- 687111
TI  - Liver necrosis following hepatic artery transection due to trauma.
AB  - Hepatic artery ligation for control of bleeding liver wounds has gained
      widespread acceptance. Hepatic necrosis is rarely seen after this procedure has
      been performed. Recently, a patient with multiple organ injuries secondary to a
      gunshot wound to the abdomen underwent hepatic artery ligation and hepatic
      necrosis developed even though the portal venous system was normal.

PMID- 687112
TI  - Metastatic axillary adenopathy. Use of estrogen receptor protein as an aid in
      diagnosis.
AB  - In a patient with nonpalpable carcinoma of the breast, the diagnosis from a
      metastalic axillary node was made by measuring estrogen receptor protein (ERP).
      The specificity of the technique makes it useful as a diagnostic aid in a patient
      with mammogram negative for tumor.

PMID- 687113
TI  - An atypical case of retroperitoneal teratoma.

PMID- 687114
TI  - Methylene blue dye and arteriovenous malformations.

PMID- 687115
TI  - Liver scanning in patients with breast cancer.

PMID- 687116
TI  - Scientific reporting questioned.

PMID- 687117
TI  - Transmission of Northway and St. Louis encephalitis viruses by arctic mosquitoes.
AB  - Transmission of a Canadian arctic isolate of Northway virus has been demonstrated
      after incubation of arctic Aedes communis mosquitoes at 13 degrees C for 27 days
      after intrathoracic injection of 300 plaque forming units of virus. Replication
      has also been demonstrated after intrathoracic injection of domestic A. aegypti
      mosquitoes of this virus. Virions of Northway virus, 84--92 nm diameter were
      morphologically typical of a bunyavirus after propagation in salivary glands of
      A. communis or in tissue cultures of baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) cells. An
      Ontario isolate of St. Louis encephalitis was transmitted by bites of A. communis
      after 27 days incubation at 13 degrees C after oral ingestion of 3 or 30 mouse
      LD50 virus. This mosquito species transmitted virus after 13 to 76 days
      incubation at 13 degrees C following intrathoracic injection of 3 mouse LD50 or
      higher virus doses.

PMID- 687118
TI  - Structural elements in adenovirus cores. Studies by means of freeze-fracturing
      and ultrathin sectioning.
AB  - Rod-like elements have been observed in adenovirions after freeze-fracturing of
      purified, semi-purified and intra-cellular adenovirus type 5. Their rod-like
      shape was clearly demonstrated by means of stereomicrographs. Ultrathin sections
      prepared in parallel with the freeze-fracture replicas revealed linear structures
      such as ribbons, rings or rods in up to 30 per cent of the semi-purified or
      intracellular virus particles. These observations indicate that the main
      'structural element' in the adenovirus interior is a linear structure either
      fragmented into 5 to 6 'rods' or folded 5 to 6 times to fit into the inner space
      of the virion.

PMID- 687120
TI  - [Outline of the teaching of histology in the public health schools of medical
      universities].

PMID- 687119
TI  - Virulence and persistence of three prototype strains of mumps virus in newborn
      hamsters.
AB  - Neuroadapted mumps virus (NMV) produces widespread central nervous system (CNS)
      disease and death after intracerebral (i.c.) inoculation of newborn hamsters.
      After intraperitoneal (i.p.) inoculation, NMV causes disseminated disease,
      moderate mortality and it persists in CNS tissues. Low tissue culture passage
      isolates of wild mumps virus do not establish CNS infection after i.p.
      inoculation; after i.c. inoculation they cause limited though persistent
      infection with little acute mortality. The biological behavior of a highly
      passaged vaccine strain of mumps virus (Jeryl-Lynn) is more similar to NMV than
      to the wild strain in its behavior in the newborn hamster.

PMID- 687121
TI  - [Ultrastructural localization of acid phosphatase activity in human ovarian
      follicles].

PMID- 687122
TI  - [Comparative characteristics of the ileocolonic lymph nodes of newborn and
      sexually mature simians].

PMID- 687123
TI  - [Effect of general vertical vibration and polychlorocamphene on the kidneys of
      inbred rats].
AB  - During two months, effects of general vertical vibration, polychlorcamphen and
      combination of these two factors were studied in the kidneys of 60 immature male
      rats of August and Wistar strains. Twenty animals were used as controls (10 per
      each strain). Under experimental conditions, decrease in body weight, in kidney
      weight, in their volume, linear dimensions and thickness of the cortical layer
      were noted. The changes were mostly pronounced under combined influence of
      vibration and polychlorcamphen. Interstrain differences demonstrating that renal
      changes, under experimental conditions, could depend on the genotype were also
      revealed.

PMID- 687124
TI  - [Ultrastructural features of gap junction type synapses in the motor nuclei of
      the frog spinal cord].
AB  - Ultrastructure of synapses in motor nuclei of the frog spinal cord has been
      studied electron microscopically. In the area examined, synapses with chemical
      and electrotonic means of transmission have been revealed. Synapses of a gap
      junction type formed by an intimate contact between plasmic membrane of neuronal
      processes or axonal terminals and dendrite (pericaryon) of motorneuron can serve
      as a morphological substrate for electrotonic transmission. Several types of
      electrotonic synapses have been determined: dendro-dendritic, dendro-somatic,
      axodendritic, axosomatic and axoaxonic.

PMID- 687125
TI  - [Adrenergic and cholinergic components of the innervation of the arteries of the
      base of the bird brain].
AB  - By means of Falck's and Koelle's methods adrenergic and cholinergic structures
      were studied in the arteries in the cerebral basis of blue rock pigeons and of
      hens, white leghorn stock. The number of nerve transmitters was estimated per 1
      mm2 of the vessel surface. The arteries of the basis in pigeon brain are
      surrounded with developed adrenergic and cholinergic nerve plexuses, their
      density decreasing in the following order: nasal branch of the internal carotid
      artery, middle, nasal cerebral and basilar arteries. A little more cholinergic
      transmitters occur on the middle cerebral artery, while on the other vessels,
      concentration of cholinergic and adrenergic fibers is equal. In hens, the density
      in the arrangement of adrenergic nerve transmitters is higher in the nasal branch
      of the internal carotid and in the nasal cerebral arteries than in the basilar
      artery. At the same time, chromaffin cells forming numerous conglomerations in
      some places are found on the latter. In pigeons, the density of adrenergic fibers
      arrangement on the arteries of the cerebral basis is higher than in hens.

PMID- 687126
TI  - [Histoarchitectonics and capillary-glio-neurocytic relationships in the stellate
      ganglion of cats].
AB  - By means of injection into the microcirculatory network, section staining with
      hallocyanine chromic alumen, hematoxylin--eosin, silver impregnation after
      Bielschowsky--Gross, Baginsky, unequal intensity of microvascularization in
      cervical and thoracic portions have been stated, as well as different forms of
      interrelations between capillaries, neurocytes and gliocytes (capillaries are
      predominantly situated in parallel fashion to the surface of neurocytes, or else
      surround them). The distance between the capillary and neurocyte does not usually
      exceed 5--10 mkm. The contact area between neurocytes and capillaries increases
      with enlargement of neurocyte area. Glial and connective tissue elements are
      clearly differentiated after staining with acridine orange.

PMID- 687127
TI  - [Reparative regeneration of the steppe turtle thyroid gland].
AB  - In 100 mature tortoises (Testudo horsfieldi Gray) reparative peculiarities and
      dynamics of histogenesis of the thyroid gland were studied under the conditions
      of its partial resection. The most intensive reparative processes were observed
      on the injured surface of spring--summer group of animals. The source of the
      thyroid parenchymal proliferation in reptiles are thyrocytes in destroyed
      follicles, proliferates and intrafollicular islets from the adjacent parts of the
      organ. During winter season, revascularization and proliferation of epithelium is
      inhibited, thus resulting in delay of the organ's regeneration. In intact part of
      the thyroid gland, hypertrophy and hyperplasy of thyrocytes, increasing number of
      small follicles are observed. This demonstrates compensatory rearrangements of
      the remaining part of the organ.

PMID- 687128
TI  - [Effect of the thyrostatic preparation mercazolyl on thyrocyte structure].

PMID- 687130
TI  - [Modular instruction in human anatomy at the medical school of Oran University in
      the Algerian People's Democratic Republic].

PMID- 687129
TI  - [Time required for replenishment of synovial fluid under experimental
      conditions].
AB  - Experimental data to determine time for restoration of intraarticular fluid are
      presented. Mature healthy domestic goats served as experimental animals. From the
      carpal joints under sterile conditions, synovial fluid was sucked out as
      completely as possible. Every four hours during the first day and further in 2,
      3, 4 days synovial fluid was taken from one of the joints. Cellular elements,
      their percentage, pH, viscosity (determined on the amount of hyaluronic acid),
      common proteins and their fractions were determined. It was demonstrated that the
      process of synovial fluid restoration, in case it was removed completely, took
      four days. At first the amount of synovial fluid is restored at the expense of
      its liquid part, percentage of common protein and its fractions increase, and
      viscosity of synovial fluid decreases. After two days, a gradual restoration of
      all physiological indices mentioned occurs. By the fourth day they are completely
      restored. Data of synoviogram demonstrate that at first blood cells appear in a
      great amount, while cells of tissue origin are very scanty, and by the fourth day
      percentage of cellular elements is equal to the original: cells of tissue origin-
      70-72%, blood cells--28--30%.

PMID- 687131
TI  - Pulmonary stress testing.

PMID- 687132
TI  - Melena and occult blood in the stool.

PMID- 687133
TI  - Sodium in pregnancy. Part II.

PMID- 687135
TI  - Demiurge.

PMID- 687134
TI  - Detection of adriamycin cardiotoxicity by echocardiography.

PMID- 687136
TI  - Radiographic diagnosis of appendicitis. Case of the month No. 31.

PMID- 687137
TI  - Medicine in Mexico. IX. Medical education.

PMID- 687138
TI  - The internal medicine clinical nurse specialist.

PMID- 687139
TI  - The recognition and management of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.

PMID- 687141
TI  - Research in anesthesiology.

PMID- 687140
TI  - "Excellent versus adequate care" that is the question!

PMID- 687142
TI  - [Effect of selective contrast injection of coronary arteries on heart rate and AV
      conduction in man].

PMID- 687143
TI  - [Coronary artery changes during cinecoronariography in patients with scarred
      myocardial infarct].

PMID- 687144
TI  - [Left ventricle geometry in aortic insufficiency].

PMID- 687146
TI  - [Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome associated with morphology of complete left
      bundle branch block in a person with patent ductus arteriosus].

PMID- 687145
TI  - [Lipid changes and coronary insufficiency. Relationship between laboratory data
      and cinecoronariography].

PMID- 687147
TI  - [Care of the cardiovascular patient in Brazil: care by the general practitioner
      and the "specialist". What to do to improve that care. Responsibility and
      participation of the Brazilian Heart Society].

PMID- 687148
TI  - Sedation for cardiac catheterization in children.

PMID- 687149
TI  - [Influence of preload increase on myocardial contractility indices obtained with
      isovolumetric pressure and DF/DT].

PMID- 687150
TI  - [H-V interval of the prolonged His electrogram in first-degree left bundle branch
      block].

PMID- 687151
TI  - [Surgical treatment of aneurysms of the ascending aorta].

PMID- 687152
TI  - Cytogenetical and dermatoglyphic studies in patients affected by Steinert's
      myotonic dystrophy.
AB  - Cytogenetic and dermatoglyphic studies were performed in 10 patients affected by
      Steinert's myotonic dystrophy. No anomalies were found in karyotype and
      dermatoglyphs in these patients, except for an occasional chromosomal
      translocation.

PMID- 687153
TI  - Human motor end plate: some ultrastructural aspects of its development.

PMID- 687154
TI  - [Tumoral aspect of intracranial cysticercosis: surgical approach].

PMID- 687155
TI  - [Amyotrophy due to parietal lobe lesions].
AB  - A bibliographical revision about Silverstein's amyotrophy, with a historical
      sight analizing the physiopathogeny and its clinical manifestations is reported.
      The authors discussed the possible cause of the few references in the literature
      about the matter and relate three cases; they leave a blank in one of them with
      amyotrophy in the other side and the same side of the lesion, that got better
      with surgical treatment. This was not found in the bibliographical revision that
      has been looked for.

PMID- 687156
TI  - [Intra- and extradural surgical approach to meningoencephaloceles of the anterior
      floor].
AB  - Surgical treatment of ethmoidal encephalomeningoceles: intra and extra dural
      approach. The intra and extra dural approach for the treatment of ethmoidal
      encephalomeningoceles is described. A comparation with other surgical approaches
      is made and good results obtained in 5 cases are reported.

PMID- 687157
TI  - [Familial occurrence of basilar impression].
AB  - The authors studied nine members of the same family; two among them received
      surgical treatment for basilar impression and Arnold-Chiari malformation. In the
      other members of the family, several signs and symptoms of central nervous
      disease were observed. All patients had the apex of the odontoid apophysis above
      McGregor's line, 4 mm in the case 9, and 10 mm or more in the others.

PMID- 687158
TI  - [Brief psychotherapy in a closed-door hospital].

PMID- 687159
TI  - [Interstitial hypertrophic neuritis. Study of 3 cases].
AB  - Three cases of hypertrophic interstitial neuropathy with severe decrease of motor
      nerve conduction velocity are reported; on sural nerve biopsy was found the
      typical onion bulb formation, with connective tissue proliferation. The
      pathogenesis of the onion bulb formation and the correlation with the decreased
      motor nerve conduction are discussed. The authors concluded that only one of the
      cases could be named Dejerin-Sottas disease, since the others probably are
      Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease cases.

PMID- 687160
TI  - [Multiple neuropaty caused by giant cell arteritis. Clinico-pathological report
      of a case].
AB  - The case of a 67 years old woman with giant cell arteritis and neuritis multiplex
      is reported. The diagnosis was based on the microscopic appearances of temporal
      artery biopsy specimens. The authors described the involvement of peripheral
      nerves in this disease and made differential diagnosis with polyarteritis nodosa.
      There was also hemorragic infarction of the brain without giant-cells in brain
      vessels. It is concluded that this diagnosis should be considered in any elderly
      patient with peripheral neuropathy.

PMID- 687161
TI  - Can LVAD and hepatic assist save patients?

PMID- 687162
TI  - Perspective on hemofiltration. An editorial introduction.

PMID- 687163
TI  - Current status of hemofiltration.
AB  - Hemofiltration is reviewed from the standpoint of the technical and clinical
      state of the art. It is a new technique and, at present, commercially available
      equipment is limited. Clinical experience suggests that hemofiltration results in
      easier attainment of salt and water balance and that control of hypertension is
      improved. The nomenclature used to describe convective solute and water removal
      alone and in conjunction with dialysis is outlined.

PMID- 687164
TI  - Inadequate clearance of small molecular weight solutes during hemofiltration
      using Cuprophan membranes.
AB  - In a study of four patients treated with one hour of hemofiltration using
      Cuprophan membranes, followed by three hours of dialysis, it was found that
      patients will have reduced clearances of small molecular weight solutes. This may
      be prevented by increasing blood flow rates to compensate for the time spent in
      hemofiltration. Cuprophan membranes do not clear middle molecular weight solutes
      as well as other membranes, but fluid removal is comparable to that reported by
      other investigators using more porous membranes.

PMID- 687166
TI  - Reduced protein loss during hemofiltration using Cuprophan membranes.
AB  - In a study of four patients treated with one hour of hemofiltration using
      Cuprophan membranes, followed by three hours of hemodialysis, it was found that
      protein loss during hemofiltration was minimal. Losses ranged from 0.013 mg/mg at
      a transmembrane pressure (TMP) of 300 mmHg to 0.012 mg/ml at a TMP of 600 mmHg.
      Protein loss was not dependent on TMP and varied from dialyzer to dialyzer.
      Protein levels in serum remained unchanged during the period of hemofiltration in
      these patients and no evidence of protein wastage was evident.

PMID- 687165
TI  - Assessment of hormone loss through hemofiltration.
AB  - The concentrations of testosterone, cortisone, gastrin, insulin, gastric
      inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), somatomedin B, parathyroid hormone (PTH), human
      growth hormone (HGH) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) have been determined
      in the plasma and the ultrafiltrate of five uremic patients undergoing
      intermittent hemofiltration treatment. There was a considerable loss of gastrin,
      insulin, GIP, somatomedin B and PTH by hemofiltration treatment. The plasma
      concentrations, however, did not decrease except for immunoreactive-PTH (IR-PTH)
      which returned from elevated to normal levels. Cortisone, HGH and TSH
      concentrations in the ultrafiltrate were below the measureable range. A
      significant elimination of 11-hydroxylated androstans by hemofiltration may have
      a positive effect on the disturbed steroid metabolism. Results indicate that
      hemofiltration does not cause a hormone deficiency syndrome. On the contrary, the
      loss of degradation products of hormones with disturbing biological activity may
      be a favorable effect of the hemofiltration treatment.

PMID- 687167
TI  - Rapid fluid extraction with the Gambro Ultradiffuser.
AB  - Four patients were given fourteen treatments with the Gambro Ultradiffuser. One
      hour of ultrafiltration without dialysate and with negative pressure on the
      dialysate side was followed by four hours of dialysis with negligible
      transmembrane pressure (TMP). Mean fluid removal was 2678 ml per ultrafiltration
      period and the mean ultrafiltration rate was 37 ml/min. During the dialysis
      period, TMP was about +30 mmHg giving an ultrafiltration rate of 4 ml/min. Pulse
      rate was unchanged. Hematocrit increased 3%, plasma protein increased 21% and
      plasma albumin increased 25%. Plasma values of potassium, sodium, urea,
      creatinine and osmolality were unchanged. One patient experienced a reversible
      hearing loss during two ultrafiltration periods and two patients had severe, yet
      reversible, cardiac arrhythmias. One patient had hypertension during the
      ultrafiltration period. Rapid extraction of fluid up to 49 ml/min was possible.
      The mean mean arterial pressure was unchanged thought it exhibited great
      variation and three patients developed side effects.

PMID- 687168
TI  - Theoretical aspects of various ultrafiltration methods in artificial kidney
      therapy.
AB  - A mathematical model including urea, creatinine and other osmotically important
      solutes (such as sodium, potassium and chloride) is applied to calculate volume
      shifts, caused by ultrafiltration, between the fluid compartments of the body.
      The volume shifts between the intracellular (ICV) and the extracellular (ECV)
      compartments are mainly caused by alteration of extracellular sodium
      concentration. Various methods of achieving ultrafiltration, including
      conventional dialysis, initial ultrafiltration using Cuprophan (without dialysis)
      or hemofiltration, produce different responses. In choosing a method, one must
      consider that both a rapid decrease of ECV and a fast shift of water from ICV to
      ECV should be avoided. In pure hemofiltration, ultrafiltrate is isotonic and
      water is removed from ECV only. Hemofiltration with dilution produces a very slow
      shift of water between ICV and ECV dependent on sodium concentration of plasma
      and diluting fluid. In initial ultrafiltration through Cuprophan, water is
      shifted from ICV to ECV. With ultrafiltration throughout the entire dialysis,
      there are pronounced shifts between ICV and ECV dependent on the difference of
      the sodium concentration between plasma and dialysate.

PMID- 687170
TI  - The accurate control of ultrafiltration.
AB  - An apparatus has been contructed to regulate ultrafiltration accurately during
      dialysis. The principle of the apparatus is that, per unit of time, exactly the
      same amount of dialysate is introduced into the dialyzer as is discharged from
      it. The apparatus consists of two isovolumetric pumps connected in line. The four
      compartments of the two pumps must change their functions at every pump stroke.
      This is a accomplished by a switching system. There is a continuously closed
      dialysate circuit. The fluid extracted from this circuit will be replenished from
      the blood compartment of the dialyzer. Ultrafiltration is regulated by a simple
      peristaltic pump, which sucks the fluid out of the closed dialysate circuit. The
      isovolumetric pumps and the switching system are driven by the elevated pressure
      of the dialysate (0.5--1.0 atm). The apparatus can be used in single pass
      dialysis. Dialysis in accordance with the Bergstrom principle can be simply
      performed. In over 5,000 dialyses with several types of dialyzers,
      ultrafiltration was always accurate within the measuring limits. Considerable
      improvement was noticed in the well-being of the patients; hypotension, nausea,
      vomiting and muscle cramps were not seen.

PMID- 687169
TI  - Clinical evaluation of a pre-set ultrafiltration rate controller available for
      single pass and hemodiafiltration systems.
AB  - Introduction of high flux-type dialyzers, such as the RP-6, makes it necessary to
      devise an ultrafiltration rate controller for a single pass system. For this
      purpose, a new pre-set ultrafiltration rate controller has been developed and
      examined experimentally and clinically. The controller has twin chambers, each of
      which is divided into two symmetrical parts by a vertically-placed diaphragm. The
      diaphragm shifts repeatedly from right to left, aspirating in and driving out
      fresh or used dialysate alternately. If one removes a certain amount of used
      dialysate from a branch of the efferent line, negative pressure develops and
      aspirates an equal amount of water from the dialyzer. Therefore, extra dialysate
      obtained by a pump precisely reflects ultrafiltration rate. The controller has
      been used on five patients. The scheduled ultrafiltration rate was easily
      obtainable. The apparatus is also available for hemodiafiltration. Initial
      clinical trial has been promising.

PMID- 687171
TI  - Clinical experience with continuously monitored fluid balance in automatic
      hemofiltration.
AB  - Automatic fluid balancing, as obtained with the hemofiltration machines from
      Sartorius (Gottingen, West Germany) and Dialysetechnik (Karlsruhe, West Germany),
      is accurate enough to replace bed scales, which have been necessary in
      conventional hemodialysis for patients who are confined to beds. Side effects
      such as hypotension, nausea and muscle cramps during treatment may be reduced
      with these new machines, compared to conventional methods, provided that the rate
      of effective fluid withdrawal does not exceed 0.5 L/hr. In particular, the
      constant weight loss associated with automatic hemofiltration seems to be well
      tolerated by the patients with fewer side effects.

PMID- 687172
TI  - Hemodiafiltration: a new alternative to hemofiltration and conventional
      hemodialysis.
AB  - A new dialysis method, termed hemodiafiltration, is proposed. The procedure
      consists of the combination of hemofiltration and conventional hemodialysis using
      high flux membranes with a transmembrane pressure (TMP) of 300--500 mmHg and a
      dialysate flow of 900 ml/min. Due to the combination of convective mass transfer
      and diffusion, the clearance values of both small and larger molecules are
      significantly higher than during hemofiltration or hemodialysis alone with the
      same membranes. The removal of excess water is better tolerated than during
      hemodialysis. With this new method, six patients have been successfully treated
      for six months (three times per week, three hours per treatment) without side
      effects. Thus hemodiafiltration appears to be the method of choice to shorten
      dialysis time.

PMID- 687173
TI  - Tolerance to high ultrafiltration rates during closed batch hemodialysis.
AB  - The tolerance to high levels of ultrafiltration that has been observed when using
      a RP-6 dialyzer with polyacrylonitrile membrane and a closed batch dialysate
      delivery system has led the authors to put patients on a free sodium and fluid
      intake. Eight patients were put on such a diet for six months. They have been
      dialyzed four to five hours, three times per week, on a RP-6-Rhodial 75. The mean
      intersession weight gain was 4.29+/-0.18 Kg after three days for a mean
      predialytic body weight of 63.55+/-2.54 Kg. Mean predialytic blood pressure was
      1.38+/-4 mmHg for systolic pressure and 82+/-5 mmHg for diastolic pressure. Mean
      ultrafiltrate volume was 4.86+/-0.36 liters which corresponds to a sodium output
      of 661.3+/-49.5 mEq. Total plasma protein and hematocrit increased 18.8+/-3.34%
      and 19.13+/-3.22%, respectively, when the pre and post-dialytic values were
      compared. No clinical sign of fluid overload (dyspnea, edema, etc.) was noted in
      these patients. Cardiothoracic index remained in the normal range. This tolerance
      is due, possibly, to the high sodium concentration (145 mEq/L) in the dialysate.
      The free sodium and water diet may contribute to a better rehabilitation.

PMID- 687174
TI  - Scanning electron microscopic evaluation of the surfaces of artificial hearts.
AB  - This report summarizes the surface changes seen in artificial hearts implanted in
      calves for periods up to four months. Fabrication defects as well as degradation
      resulting from wear are identified. SEM evaluation of the blood contacting
      surface as well as the surface of the diaphragm associated with the drive
      mechanisms has revealed potential problems with current heart designs and methods
      of fabrication. Materials evaluation of implanted hearts is crucial for a
      clinically useful system to evolve.

PMID- 687175
TI  - Molecular, microscopic, microstructural and mechanical methods of analyzing
      pseudoneointimal linings within partial artificial hearts in man and the calf.
AB  - Ex vivo molecular, microscopic (cellular), microstructural and mechanical methods
      have been utilized to evaluate biologic, blood-interfacing linings
      (pseudoneointimal) formed on textured, fibril-flocked pumping surfaces within
      abdominal left ventricular assist devices (ALVADs) on partial artificial hearts.
      Thus far, seventeen human and twenty bovine pseudoneointimal linings (1--28 day
      pumping durations) have been evaluated by these methods. The results indicate
      that pseudoneointima begins developing within 24 hours after contact of the
      pumping surface with blood and is well developed at five days. The linings
      exhibit surface immunofluorescent fibrinogen activity, viable surface macrophages
      and histiocytes and scattered erythrocytes at ALVAD removal. Structurally similar
      linings (20 micrometer to 500 micrometer in thickness) develop in calves and in
      man. Mechanically, pseudoneointima is a stable, adherent, highly compliant,
      isotropic structural material. It is linearly elastic and strain-rate
      independent, with small viscous energy losses under physiologic strains. The
      methods employed for the evaluation of pseudoneointima provide useful information
      to determine the suitability of textured or rough surfaces for blood interfacing.
      The cumulative results indicate that the textured surface approach is useful for
      intermediate-term clinical ALVAD utilization.

PMID- 687176
TI  - Blood plasma/implant interfaces FT--IR studies of adsorption on polyethylene and
      heparin-treated polyethylene surfaces.
AB  - Described is an attenuated total reflection (ATR), Fourier Transform infrared (FT
      -IR) technique useful for studying the adsorption of blood plasma proteins onto
      polymer surfaces. This technique had the advantage of employing whole blood
      plasma and has detected differences between the species adsorbed onto heparin
      treated polymers as compared to the species adsorbed on untreated polymers.
      Differences detected consist of 1) changes in conformation and/or composition of
      proteins adsorbed on treated and untreated polymers, and 2) changes in amounts of
      carbohydrate-containing materials on the treated and untreated polymer surfaces.
      The advantages of FT-IR are its extreme sensitivity and its ability to work with
      highly complex systems such as whole blood plasma. These abilities should be of
      great value for providing direct molecular level information concerning protein
      adsorption from intact blood systems.

PMID- 687177
TI  - Dialysis for psoriasis.

PMID- 687178
TI  - In search of "psoriasis factor(s)": a new approach by extracorporeal treatment.

PMID- 687179
TI  - The effect of hemodialysis on fifteen chronic, process schizophrenics.

PMID- 687180
TI  - "A passive lot ...".

PMID- 687181
TI  - Ataxia telangiectasia.
AB  - Ataxia telangiectasia has been described as a single-gene autosomal recessive
      disorder. It affects multiple systems. Several attempts to present an etiological
      hypothesis that will account for the multisystem involvement have been made.
      Those reviewed haer are (1) aberration of inductive signaling, which is predicted
      on a deficient mesoderm, leading to vascular and thus multiorgan effects (a
      critical timing of events is a basic assumption); (2) developmental imbalance,
      based on multisystem supression of embryological development; (3) the autoimmune
      hypothesis, which requires the presence of a cell surface antigen on thymic and
      nerve cells analogous to the thy 1.1 antigen of mouse and rat. The development of
      cytotoxic autoantibody to this antigen is postulated as an explanation of the
      pathogenesis.

PMID- 687182
TI  - Common origin of rods, cores, miniature cores, and focal loss of cross
      striations.
AB  - Twelve patients suffering from congenital neuromuscular disorders showed at least
      two of the following structural changes in their muscle biopsy specimens: rods,
      cores, miniature cores (M lesions), and focal loss of cross-strians (F lesions).
      There appeared to be no essential differences between M and F lesions except for
      the presence of vesicular nuclei in and around the latter. A striking finding was
      the presence of adjacent M lesions, F lesions, or both in two or several
      adjoining muscle fibers. Serial sections often showed a definite relationship of
      the lesions with blood vessels. The finding of rods cores, and M and F lesions,
      not only in one biopsy specimen but also in one muscle fiber, raised the
      intriguing possibility of common pathogenic mechanisms producing these lesions.

PMID- 687183
TI  - Intracranial pressure reserve testing. A study in experimental animals.
AB  - Quantitating cerebral "elastance" or "ICP reserve" has added considerably to the
      value of continuous monitoring of intracranial pressure (ICP). Intracranial
      pressure reserve is a measure of the capacity of the brain's natural compensatory
      mechanisms for countering increases in ICP secondary to increases in intracranial
      volume. Intracranial pressure reserve testing was studied in dogs with known
      volumes of extracerebral intracranial mass, both in normal and in edematous
      brains and at various ICPs. Ten thousand measurements were made with five
      different methods of measuring ICP reserve. Testing when multiple increments of
      subdural saline infusion were used over a five-minute period to quantitate ICP
      reactivity to volumetric stress seemed most reliable and most adaptable to
      clinical application. Methods of measuring cerebral "elastance" using only a
      single subdural infusion proved to be variable and difficult to read.

PMID- 687184
TI  - Erythrocyte metabolism in muscular dystrophy.
AB  - Erythrocytes from patients with Duchenne's and myotonic muscular dystrophies
      contained more adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and produced more lactate than did
      normal erythrocytes in incubation studies conducted in vitro at an initial pH of
      7.4. Since the same results were obtained in two different genetic dystrophies,
      these metabolic variations appear to be secondary to the primary changes
      occurring in these diseases. Following ouabain treatment, ATP content increased
      and lactate production decreased in erythrocytes from both dystrophies. This
      result differs from one reported earlier in experiments conducted at alkaline pH.

PMID- 687185
TI  - Computerized axial tomography and cerebral scintigraphy in leukodystrophy. A
      study of two boys presumably suffering from lysosomal disease.
AB  - Two unrelated boys, 12 and 9 years old, suffered from a diffuse cerebral disease
      that followed a parallel, subacute course. Mental regression, loss of hearing and
      vision, spastic-ataxic and pseudobulbar disturbances, and atrophy of the optic
      nerves occurred in both. Enzyme studies and the liver biopsy of one of the
      patients suggest a "lysosomal disease." The hallmark of both patients is the
      striking similarity of the cerebral scintigraphy and the computerized axial
      tomography (CT). Cerebral scintigraphy showed annular and crescent-shaped areas
      of increased radioactivity in the parietoccipital region. The CT indicated
      bilateral, symmetric bands of elevated density after contrast enhancement in the
      paraventricular white matter in the same region. These findings and the
      neurologic symptoms are compatible with leukodystrophy. Thus cerebral
      scintigraphy and CT appear to be useful aids in the diagnosis of metabolic brain
      disease. Computerized axial tomography is preferred for distinguishing whether
      lesions are in white or gray matter.

PMID- 687186
TI  - The lissencephaly (agyria) syndrome in siblings. Computerized tomographic and
      neuropathologic findings.
AB  - Two consecutive nontwin siblings had the lissencephalic syndrome. The literature
      of this syndrome in siblings is reviewed, and the somatic and clinicopathologic
      features and delineated further. Computerized tomography is reported for the
      first time to our knowledge in this entity as an important, nonivasive, and
      possibly specific test. Diagnosis early in life is possible for adequate
      management of the patients and genetic counseling.

PMID- 687187
TI  - Isolated benign cerebral vasculitis.
AB  - A young woman south medical care for headache, nausea, and evolving focal
      neurologic signs. The CSF was normal; cerebral angiography showed segmental
      narrowing and irregularity of intraparenchymal arterioles. Isolated cerebral
      vasculitis was the clinical diagnosis made by careful exclusion; the illness
      reponded well to steroids and there was later angiographic evidence of healing.

PMID- 687188
TI  - Wilson's disease and monoamines.

PMID- 687189
TI  - Slow saccades.

PMID- 687190
TI  - Acute hypokalemic myopathy in alcoholism.

PMID- 687191
TI  - Age, aphasia, and stroke localization.

PMID- 687192
TI  - Computerized tomography complications.

PMID- 687193
TI  - Giant cell arteritis with normal sedimentation rate.

PMID- 687194
TI  - Considerations related to 'going metric'. The best metric distances for measuring
      visual acuity and the correct use of the Snellen fraction.

PMID- 687195
TI  - Use of discriminant analysis I. Prediction of visual field defects from features
      of the glaucoma disc.

PMID- 687196
TI  - Use of discriminant analysis. II. Identification of persons with glaucomatous
      visual field defects.
AB  - Thirty-three ocular, systemic, and laboratory variables were used in a
      discriminant analysis to separate 219 patients suffering from chronic open-angle
      glaucoma from 100 people who did not have the disease. The analysis used seven of
      the variables to separate 93% of the patients correctly. Without intraocular
      pressure, a 90% separation was obtained.

PMID- 687197
TI  - Perimetry in cataract patients.

PMID- 687198
TI  - Small melanomas of the choroid.
AB  - We reviewed 38 cases of small choroidal melanomas on file in the Eye Pathology
      Laboratory of Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami. Clinical and histopathological
      features of these cases were noted, and clinical follow-up information was
      obtained for 36 (95%) of the patients. Two tumor deaths occurred among the 18
      patients that had a possible follow-up period of six years of more, yielding a
      tumor death rate of 11%. Retrospective analysis of clinical records and
      photographs permitted us to correlate the presence or absence of documented tumor
      growth with the degree of mitotic activity.

PMID- 687199
TI  - Macular holes associated with proliferative sickle cell retinopathy.

PMID- 687200
TI  - The disc sign in sickling hemoglobinopathies.
AB  - The disc sign is the presence of dark red spots on the optic disc of patients
      with a sickling hemoglobinopathy. The dark spots appear to be plugs of
      deoxygenated erythrocytes in small surface disc vessels. The occlusions, which
      are transient and do not produce clinically detectable visual impairment, were
      seen most often in patients with homozygous sickle cell anemia and may be the
      result of clogging of small vessels by irreversibly sickled erythrocytes.

PMID- 687201
TI  - Dominantly inherited peripheral retinal neovascularization.

PMID- 687202
TI  - The iris sphincter in aberrant regeneration of the third nerve.
AB  - Fourteen patients with aberrant regeneration of the third cranial nerve were
      examined using self-developing photographs, motion pictures, and pupillography.
      These pupillary phenomena were noted: (1) sector contractions of the iris
      sphincter in response to light, (2) sector contractions of the iris sphincter
      associated with eye movements, and (3) an abnormal pupillary unrest. The
      observations strongly support the concept that after injury, fibers regenerate
      and sprout collateral branches that finally reach muscles of the oculomotor group
      other than those originally innervated.

PMID- 687203
TI  - Segmental palsy of the iris sphincter in Adie's syndrome.

PMID- 687204
TI  - Autosomal recessively inherited ocular albinism. A new form of ocular albinism
      affecting females as severely as males.
AB  - A new form of ocular albinism, autosomal recessively inherited ocular albinism
      (AROA), was studied in seven females and two males from five unrelated Caucasian
      kindreds. Affected patients have the impaired vision, translucent irides,
      congenital nystagmus, photophobia, albinotic fundi with hypoplasia of the fovea,
      and strabismus that are also found in X-linked ocular albinism (XOA). Unlike XOA,
      however, this form of ocular albinism is inherited as an autosomal recessive
      trait, with females affected as severely as males. Obligate heterozygotes of AROA
      lack the ocular abnormalities that are present in females heterozygous for XOA.
      Also, skin and hairbulb biopsy specimens do not reveal any abnormalities in
      patients with AROA, whereas giant pigment granules are found in patients
      heterozygous and hemizygous for XOA. The recognition of this disorder is
      imperative for proper diagnosis and responsible genetic counseling.

PMID- 687205
TI  - Grating test of contrast sensitivity in patients with retrobulbar neuritis.
AB  - A retrospective study of 57 patients with retrobulbar neuritis (RBN) was carried
      out with a new test of contrast sensitivity that utilizes printed sinusoidal
      gratings. For 21 patients suffering from multiple sclerosis, visual abnormality
      was detected in 18 "affected" eyes and 12 apparently unaffected eyes. For the 36
      patients with RBN, abnormalities were detected in 29. In seven of these cases,
      the grating test showed bilateral impairment. The grating test seemed to be a
      more sensitive indicator of demyellinization than other psychophysical tests. In
      24 of the patients with the least severe disease, the grating test was compared
      with the visual evoked response. The probability of making a positive diagnosis
      was .54 for the evoked potential alone, and .71 for the grating test alone.

PMID- 687206
TI  - Vitamin A-responsive panocular xerophthalmia in a healthy adult.
AB  - An unusual case of classical xerophthalmia occurred in an otherwise healthy, well
      nourished, 25-year-old woman. She had marked conjunctival and corneal xerosis,
      including early stromal edema, evolving pigmentary alterations of the retinal
      pigment epithelium, and notable constriction of her visual fields, which
      paralleled the distribution of the retinal lesions. Abnormalities of the
      conjunctiva, cornea, and visual fields disappeared within two weeks of oral
      vitamin A therapy, and 1 1/2 months later, many of the retinal lesions cleared as
      well. This case supports the primacy of isolated vitamin A deficiency in the
      etiology of corneal xerosis and "fundus xerophthalmicus"; demonstrates that
      stromal edema is an important early component of corneal involvement; and
      localizes the funduscopic abnormalities to the retinal pigment epithelium.

PMID- 687208
TI  - Fibrous histiocytoma (fibrous xanthoma) of the lacrimal sac.

PMID- 687207
TI  - Preretinal membrane by retinal pigment epithelium.

PMID- 687209
TI  - Intraocular penetration of topical clindamycin in rabbits. II. Clindamycin
      phosphate.
AB  - We have obtained comparative data for the intraocular absorption of topically
      administered clindamycin hydrochloride hydrate and clindamycin phosphate, made
      feasible with a new gas chromatographic method of analysis. Results indicated
      that clindamycin phosphate underwent hydrolysis in the eye, liberating the
      biologically active clindamycin. However, topical clindamycin hydrochloride
      produced higher levels (two to six times more) of the antibiotic than those
      achievable with the phosphates ester in the uvea, aqueous humor, and cornea,
      presumably due to clindamycin hydrochloride's higher lipid solubility. Based on
      this data, clindamycin hydrochloride appears to be the preferred form of the
      antibiotic for topical ocular applications.

PMID- 687210
TI  - Human posterior subcapsular cataract. A gross and flat preparation study.
AB  - Fifteen human lenses with posterior subcapsular cataracts (PSC) were examined en
      bloc and in flat preparations of the posterior capsules. The PSCs were polygonal
      to stellate in shape, showing some correlation with the sutural pattern. Most
      PSCs had a thin, semiliquefied zone centrally. All lenses showed superficial
      epithelial cells migrating posteriorly from one or more sectors of the equator.
      In these sectors, the epithelial nuclei were enlarged, with complete
      disorganization of the postequatorial nuclear rows. The migrating cells were
      stellate, layered, and in the larger cataracts, were oriented in a ring
      configuration around the liquefied central portion of the PSC and bladder and
      other proliferative cells tended to accumulate around the ring area. Control
      cataractous and aging lenses showed considerable irregularity of the
      postequatorial nuclear rows but only occasional migration toward the posterior
      pole.

PMID- 687211
TI  - The formation and inhibition of aqueous humor production. A proposed mechanism of
      action.

PMID- 687212
TI  - The structural basis of altered vascular permeability following intraocular
      inflammation.
AB  - An immunogenic uveitis was produced in rabbits by the intravitreal injection of
      bovine gamma-globulin. Four to six months later, an alteration in vascular
      permeability was determined by greater accumulation of iodinated I 125 serum
      albumin in the previously inflamed eye than in the normal eye. An altered
      vascular permeability was found only in eyes with profound structural changes.
      Possible sites of extravascular protein leakage were: (1) proliferated blood
      vessels in the posterior chamber and vitreous; and (2) leakage through the
      disrupted and scarred ciliary epithelium. In eyes without evidence of altered
      vascular permeability, a persistent chronic inflammation was observed, and
      gliosis and chorioretinal scarring was prominent.

PMID- 687213
TI  - Treatment of negative middle ear pressure and serous otitis media with Politzer's
      technique. An old procedure revisited.
AB  - This study sought to monitor changes in middle ear pressure with tympanometry
      after a simplified home politzerization maneuver in children who had excessive
      negative intratympanic pressure and/or serous otitis media. The mean middle ear
      pressure for 23 children was -201 mm H2O, whereas seven subjects displayed a flat
      tympanogram that was consistent with the medical diagnosis of serous otitis
      media. Middle ear pressure measurements with tympanometry at five and ten minutes
      after politzerization indicated successful tympanic ventilation in 91% and 85% of
      the ears, respectively. For children with negative intratympanic pressures of 
      250 mm H2O, data suggested that ventilation was sustained for at least 30
      minutes. In general, results lend support for using home politzerization as an
      alternative or associative treatment in children with high negative pressure
      and/or serous otitis media.

PMID- 687214
TI  - Cervicofacial actinomycosis. Rapid diagnosis by thin-needle aspiration.
AB  - Thin-needle aspiration cytology is a well-known minimally invasive technique that
      is used in the diagnosis of neoplastic disease. The same biopsy technique
      provides a means for immediate identification of actinomycosis. Aspiration
      specimens may be used for morphologic studies, as well as for microbiologic
      isolation. The diagnostic histologic feature of sulfur granules remains intact
      with this cytologic aspiration technique. This technique is a safe, simple, and
      rapid means of diagnosing actinomycosis and appears to have value in the
      diagnosis of other infectious diseases as well.

PMID- 687215
TI  - Two years of a program in hearing-aid-related services.
AB  - A program of hearing-aid-related services is described in which a dispenser of
      hearing aids visits an audiology facility on a regular basis as a supplier.
      Surveys to assess the program were conducted during a two-year period. Of the 128
      patients who participated in the study, 89% continued wearing their hearing aids
      during the first year and 86% during the second year. The adjustment period of
      about 30 days with an accompanying orientation program was crucial. Ear mold
      considerations and use of the hearing aid during noisy situations constituted two
      major problem areas. Five aids were returned to the factory during the adjustment
      period, six during the first year, and 15 during the second year. Group work in
      hearing aid evaluation and orientation was a positive factor.

PMID- 687216
TI  - Prognostic importance of the tumor-free laryngectomy specimen.
AB  - In a review of 500 consecutive laryngectomies, 36 specimens were found with no
      tumor. All patients had received radiation treatment preoperatively. Patients
      with small primary tumors and no tumor evident in microscopically examined lymph
      nodes had excellent long-term survival. Those patients with extensive (T4)
      primary tumors or with tumor found microscopically in their lymph nodes had poor
      survival statistics. This information reconfirms the known limitations of
      radiation and surgery in the case of the patient with advanced head and neck
      cancer. Hopefully, adjuvant chemotherapy or immunotherapy will improve the
      survival of these patients.

PMID- 687217
TI  - Middle component averaged electroencephalic responses to tonal stimuli from
      normal neonates. Initial report.
AB  - Tone-pips, centered at 1,000 Hz, were used to elicit middle component averaged
      electroencephalic responses (AERs) (8 to 90 ms) from five normal neonates. The
      stimuli were presented monaurally at 10-, 30-, and 50-dB HL, with regard to adult
      behavioral thresholds. Averaged electroencephalic responses were also derived for
      no-stimulus control conditions. The initial portion of the stimulus-elicited AER
      waveforms was similar to that obtained from adults. An objective, scoring
      procedure, based on predetermined rules, was used to determine peak latencies and
      to quantify point-to-point amplitudes. Inspection of the scored data revealed
      that latencies decreased and amplitudes increased as the stimulus magnitude
      increased, as has also been reported for adults. Unlike adult responses, the
      middle components from the neonates in this study were identifiable only when
      recorded from the side of the head ipsilateral to the ear stimulated.

PMID- 687219
TI  - Unusual vascular lesions of the neck.
AB  - Vascular lesions of the neck may initially appear atypically, without the
      expected findings of a bluish discoloration, pulsations, or a bruit. The initial
      characteristics may mimic that of a metastatic carcinoma. The true nature of the
      lesion may remain obscure, despite a thorough preoperative evaluation, including
      angiography. The head and neck surgeon must be aware of the occasional unusual
      appearance and must be prepared to treat whatever vascular lesion he might
      encounter.

PMID- 687218
TI  - So-called hairy polyps or teratoid tumors of the nasopharynx.
AB  - Two new cases of hairy polyp of the nasopharynx, one with congenital atresia of
      the left carotid artery, are added to 111 cases that have already been reported.
      Unlike trigerminal neoplastic teratomas, the hairy polyps are derived from two
      germ cells, the ectoderm and mesoderm. They are composed of a conglomeration of
      disorganized and disorderly tissues that form a sessile to a pedunculated mass
      that is attached to the nasopharynx. They are strictly developmental anomalies in
      early embryogenesis with very limited growth potential. We discuss their clinical
      features, diagnosis, and development. In an evaluation of any nasopharyngeal mass
      in the newborn, consideration should be given as to whether the mass arises in
      the nasopharynx or is an extracranial extension of glioma or encephalocele.

PMID- 687220
TI  - Management of tracheocutaneous fistula.
AB  - In our experience, recommended treatment of the closure of tracheocutaneous
      fistula has been disappointing. Complications associated with primary closure,
      which we have experienced, include pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax, and wound
      breakdown. The alternate method of treating tracheocutaneous fistula, which we
      recommend, consists of excision of the tract down to the level of the trachea and
      allowing healing to take place via secondary intention. Elective scar revision,
      if indicated, is scheduled at some time in the future.

PMID- 687221
TI  - Eighth nerve in acoustic neuromas. Special reference to superior vestibular nerve
      function and histopathology.
AB  - Eighth nerve specimens were removed during acoustic neuroma surgery, and findings
      were related to cochlear and especially to superior vestibular nerve function as
      studied by conventional caloric testing in 21 cases. The origin of the tumor was
      in eight cases the inferior and in two cases the superior vestibular nerve, and
      in eight cases the vestibular nerve without more specific localization. In three
      advanced cases the exact site of origin could not be determined. Leaving age
      related changes out of account, the utricle and horizontal canal ampulla appeared
      normal in all ears except one in which the ampulla was replaced by tumor tissue.
      In 11 ears the superior vestibular nerve was histologically intact and three of
      these ears also showed normal caloric responses. In seven ears there was a canal
      paresis, and in three no reaction was obtained. The ten ears with partial or
      total nerve invasion by tumor either showed a weak reaction or no response at
      all. It is likely that an early conduction block arises in both cochlear and
      vestibular nerves, and reduced reactions to appropriate stimuli do not warrant
      conclusions that the numbers of anatomically intact nerve fibers possibly are
      reduced.

PMID- 687222
TI  - Hemifacial atrophy. A review of an unusual craniofacial deformity with a report
      of a case.
AB  - Progressive hemifacial atrophy is an unusual craniofacial deformity that is
      amenable to surgical reconstruction. The disease may involve any layer of the
      superficial facial tissues as well as cartilage and bone. While the cause of the
      disease is unknown, several hypotheses exist to account for the progressive
      nature of the disorder. Histologically, the skin undergoes thinning of the
      Malpighian stratum and atrophy of the skin adenexa and dermal units. The
      subcutaneous tissue shows chronic inflammatory changes. This picture closely
      resembles that of scleroderma, and some authors believe the disorder to be an
      isolated form of scleroderma. Various hypotheses have been promulgated as to the
      cause of this disorder, its pathologic process, and varied clinical presentation.

PMID- 687223
TI  - Advantage of computerized tomography scan. Diagnosis of an otogenic cerebellar
      abscess.
AB  - Computerized axial tomography with contrast enhancement is very useful for the
      diagnosis of brain abscesses. This fact is illustrated by a case report of a
      cerebellar abscess secondary to chronic mastoiditis with cholesteatoma.

PMID- 687224
TI  - Pathologic quiz case 2. Disseminated candidiasis with secondary involvement in
      the larynx.

PMID- 687225
TI  - Pathologic quiz case 1. Enteric duplication cyst.

PMID- 687226
TI  - [Tetralogy of Fallot: differential diagnosis and atypical forms].

PMID- 687227
TI  - [Epidemiology of arterial hypertension. Results of the "Camposampiero Project"].

PMID- 687228
TI  - [Tetralogy of Fallot: postoperative evaluation].

PMID- 687229
TI  - [Anatomical variants of aortic pseudotruncus (pulmonary atresia with
      interventricular defect)].

PMID- 687230
TI  - [The vectorcardiogram in the tetralogy of Fallot in the first 2 years of life:
      quantitative and qualitative analysis].

PMID- 687231
TI  - [Role of the adrenergic sympathetic system and diagnostic and therapeutic
      reflections].

PMID- 687232
TI  - [Tetraology of Fallot: introduction and natural history].

PMID- 687233
TI  - [Tetralogy of Fallot: hemodynamics].

PMID- 687234
TI  - [Tetralogy of Fallot: morphodimensional angiographic evaluation of the right
      ventricular outflow tract and pulmonary arteries].

PMID- 687235
TI  - Comparison of hearing threshold determined by auditory pathway electric responses
      and by behavioural responses.
AB  - In order to evaluate their reliability for determing the hearing threshold, the
      cochlear microphonic potentials, the auditory nerve and brain stem neural evoked
      responses as well as the cortical evoked responses were compared with the
      behavioural hearing thresholds of the same subjects in the same session. The
      threshold for recording the cochlear microphonic potnetial was found to be
      appreciably higher than the behavioral threshold. The threshold for recording the
      auditory nerve and brain stem responses was within a few decibels of the
      behavioural threshold. The thresold of the cortical evoked response was several
      decibels higher. It is concluded that (1) the auditory nerve and brain stem
      neural evoked responses are the best indicators of hearing threshold; (2) the
      cortical evoked responses are usually comparable, and (3) all types of evoked
      responses are indispensable aids in the evaluation of hearing and the
      determination of site of lesion in the auditory system.

PMID- 687236
TI  - Maximum steepness of slopes in hearing-threshold curves.

PMID- 687237
TI  - [Remote masking as a test of cochlear conductive hearing losses (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The authors studied the remote masking (RM) in patients with Meniere's disorder
      during the hearing loss fluctuations produced either by the disorder or by the
      glycerol test (Klockhoff). The RM was recorded for pulsed tones of 250, 500 and 1
      000 Hz; the masker was a continuous narrow-band noise centered at 3 000 Hz, with
      305 Hz (2 875-3 180 Hz) bandwidth, delivered at an overall level of 98 dB SPL.
      The results showed that the RM decreases during the acute phase, i.e. when the
      hearing loss increases, and, increases if the glycerol tests do not significantly
      modify the RM value. They seem to confirm the hypothesis that the RM may be due
      to a mechanical effect in the internal ear and suggest the possibility of using
      the RM as a test of end-organ rigidity.

PMID- 687238
TI  - Backward and forward masking in listeners with severe sensorineural hearing loss.
AB  - Using synthetic stimuli, backward and forward masking by a first-formant stimulus
      were measured for two tasks: (1) discrimination of a second-formant transition
      and (2) pure-tone detection. 16 listeners with moderate to severe sensorineural
      hearing impairment were studied. Many of the listeners showed backward and
      forward discrimination masking, sometimes extending as far as 200 ms before or
      after the first-formant interval. There were large individual differences in
      degree and temporal extent of masking. The masking contribution of sensitivity
      shifts, as indicated by pure-tone detection levels, appeared to be limited to a
      range of only 50 ms before or after the first-formant masker.

PMID- 687239
TI  - An effect of linguistic experience. Auditory word discrimination by native and
      non-native speakers of English.
AB  - In this study, the effect of linguistic experience on the auditory discrimination
      of words has been examined. 18 subjects, including 6 native and 12 non-native
      speakers of English, were tested with CID auditory test W-22 in quiet and in the
      presence of white noise at the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios of +12, +6 and 0 dB.
      The non-native speakers of English included 6 with 1 year of experience and 6
      with 3-4 years of experience speaking Enligsh in the USA. In the absence of
      noise, the results were essentially equivalent for all three groups. As noise
      level increased, word discrimination deteriorated for all three groups with non
      native speakers of English obtaining results significantly poorer than native
      speakers of English. Linguistic experience and noise levels were significant at
      the 0.001 level fo confidence. It appears that at 0 dB S/N, individual
      variability of non-native speakers of English, regardless of their original
      linguistic background, was much smaller than that found for native speakers of
      English. The results of the study tend to indicate that a limited linguistic
      experience results in a persistent deterioration of auditory word discrimination
      under impoverished conditions of audition.

PMID- 687240
TI  - Effect of homolateral and contralateral routing of signals through body-worn
      hearing aids on the localization ability of hearing-impaired people.
AB  - This investigation compared the localization abilities in the horizontal plane of
      22 hearing-impaired adults (9 with symmetrical conductive and 13 with symmetrical
      sensorineural hearing impairment) whilst listening to speech through body-worn
      hearing aids in two different ways: (a) hearing-aid microphone placed on the same
      side as the stimulated ear (homolateral routing of signals); (b) hearing aid
      microphone placed on the opposite side to the stimulated ear (contralateral
      routing of signals). It was found that the localization performances of all the
      subjects, especially when using binaural hearing aids, under homolateral routing
      of signals, were far superior to their respective localization performances
      achieved with contralateral routing of signals.

PMID- 687241
TI  - The effects of middle ear muscle contraction on auditory and overload thresholds.
AB  - The present investigation examined psychophysically the frequency-specific and
      nonlinear attenuation of sound energy provided by middle ear muscle contraction
      in normal hearers. Aural overload and absolute auditory thresholds were measured
      at 500, 1 000 and 2 000 Hz prior to and during acoustic stapedial reflex
      contraction. Reflex contraction was elicited with contralateral broad-band noise.
      Results revealed that overload thresholds were elevated at 500 and 1 000 Hz and a
      slight decrease in overload threshold was apparent at 2 000 Hz during reflex
      contraction while absolute thresholds remained essentially unchanged. These data
      are consistent with previous psychophysical and physiological findings. The aural
      overload test having been derived directly from observations of cochlear
      microphonic saturation, moreover, affords direct comparison to results of
      electrophysiological experimentation.

PMID- 687242
TI  - Diaphragmatic hernia in the newborn.

PMID- 687243
TI  - 99mTc pertechnetate for detection of ectopic dysgenesis of the thyroid in
      childhood hypothyroidism.

PMID- 687244
TI  - Serum 170H-progesterone estimations in the diagnosis and management of congenital
      adrenal hyperplasia.

PMID- 687245
TI  - Idiopathic transient normocytic, normochromic anaemia of childhood.

PMID- 687246
TI  - Impaired neutrophil kinesis in a patient with the Shwachman-Diamond syndrome.

PMID- 687247
TI  - Right diaphragmatic hernia in the newborn.

PMID- 687248
TI  - Hypercalcaemia: an unusual complication of tuberculosis. A case report.

PMID- 687249
TI  - Idiopathic intestinal pseudo-obstruction. Report of a case with neuropathological
      studies.

PMID- 687250
TI  - Management of cystic fibrosis.

PMID- 687252
TI  - Patterns of collaboration between child psychiatrists and paediatricians: the
      paediatricians' view.

PMID- 687251
TI  - Fatal motor vehicle accidents involving Australian children.

PMID- 687253
TI  - Patterns of collaboration between child psychiatrists and paediatricians: the
      child psychiatrist's view.

PMID- 687254
TI  - Iodide induced goitre and hypothyroidism in infancy and childhood.

PMID- 687255
TI  - Fatal motor vehicle accidents involving Australian children.

PMID- 687256
TI  - False negative sweat tests with apparently adequate sweat collections.

PMID- 687257
TI  - Neonatal bacteriuria--the value of bladder puncture in resolving problems of
      interpretation arising from voided urine specimens.

PMID- 687258
TI  - Biochemical alterations in human breast milk after heating.

PMID- 687259
TI  - Cystic fibrosis: a review of clinic patients.

PMID- 687260
TI  - Pregnancy rates and non-return rates following artificial and natural breeding in
      dairy herds.
AB  - Information routinely supplied during the conduct of a dairy herd health program
      was analysed to evaluate the performance of artificial breeding in Victoria. A
      comparison was made between 60 to 90-day non-return rates (supplied by artificial
      breeding centres) and pregnancy rates (determined by manual pregnancy diagnosis)
      for first artificial inseminations in 108 herd years in which both items were
      available in the 1973 and 1974 breeding seasons. The values were 69.3% and 58.2%
      respectively (P less than 0.001). Non-return rates and conception rates were
      found to decline as herd size increased. Pregnancy rates to first artificial and
      natural services did not differ significantly from each other but pregnancy rates
      were significantly more variable to natural than artificial service (P less than
      0.001). The mean pregnancy rate to artificial insemination for all herd years
      studied was 57.5% and the pregnancy rate to natural service was 58.0%.

PMID- 687261
TI  - A study of the epidemiology of Anaplasma marginale infections of cattle in
      southern Queensland: clinical disease and the prevalence of complement fixing
      antibodies.

PMID- 687262
TI  - Some effects of reduced energy intake on the development of anaplasmosis in Bos
      indicus cross steers.
AB  - Some effects of the plane of nutrition on the development of anaplasmosis in
      Brahman cross steers were investigated. Batches of 39 and 30 Brahman cross
      steers, aged approximately 27 months were each divided by stratified
      randomisation into 4 groups of similar mean PCV and body weight. Two similar
      experiments, designated A and B were conducted. Groups 1 and 2 were fed a ration
      of lucerne chaff at the rate of 1 M Cal ME/80 kg live weight/day for 8 weeks
      aimed to reduce body weight by approximately 5 kg/week. Animals in groups 3 and 4
      were fed a ration for the same period aimed to increase body weight by
      approximately 2 kg/week. Groups 1 and 3 were then inoculated with approximately
      10(10) Anaplasma marginale infected erythrocytes and the effects of the
      subsequent infections during the clinical and recovery phases were examined by
      measuring humoral antibody response, packed cell volume, parasitaemia and body
      weight. Groups 2 and 4 were uninfected controls. Anaplasmosis, as measured by
      three responses, was less severe in the starved animals of group 1. Significant
      differences in packed cell volume and parasitaemia were detected for short
      periods between the infected groups 1 and 3. Anaplasmosis caused losses of 6.2%
      and 5.9% in the mean body weight of group 3 animals in experiments A and B
      respectively. Most of this loss occurred during the clinical phase of the
      disease. The disease caused no apparent loss of weight in the infected animals of
      group 1.

PMID- 687263
TI  - Serological procedures to determine time of infection of pigs with porcine
      parvovirus.
AB  - It was found possible to correlate serological responses to porcine parvovirus
      (PPV) with the time after infection. Two procedures were used for PPV antibody
      measurement: an immunodiffusion technique to measure precipitating antibody and a
      haemagglutination inhibition (HI) procedure to measure concentration of 2
      mercaptoethanol (2-ME) sensitive antibody. Both procedures successfully related
      antibody titres to time post-infection, but it was considered that a 2 M 2-ME HI
      procedure showed the greater promise for field investigations.

PMID- 687264
TI  - Adrenocortical insufficiency in the dog.
AB  - Primary adrenocortical insufficiency is described in 3 dogs. Clinical signs
      included marked depression, vomiting, diarrhoea, weakness and bradycardia.
      Diagnosis was based on clinical signs and biochemical findings of hyperkalaemia,
      hyponatraemia and a lowered plasma Na+ : K+ ratio. Treatment during the acute
      illness consisted of intravenous fluids and hydrocortisone sodium succinate.
      Fludrocortisone acetate has maintained all dogs in good health. One dog was on
      treatment for 4 years.

PMID- 687265
TI  - Squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue of the cat.
AB  - A case of squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue in an 11-year-old castrated male
      cat is described. The clinical signs of excessive salivation and inability to eat
      or drink were associated with enlargement of the tongue. The pathology, possible
      aetiology and pathogenesis of the neoplasm are discussed.

PMID- 687266
TI  - Guttural pouch mycosis in two horses.
AB  - The history and clinical findings of 1 horses with guttural pouch mycosis
      referred to us are described. The salient features of the history and clinical
      signs common to both cases were profuse spontaneous nasal haemorrhage, partial
      pharyngeal paralysis; subsequently bilateral nasal discharge containing food
      material, inability to drink and parotid pain became evident. One case made a
      gradual recovery with conservative medical treatment while the second case was
      destroyed and submitted for post-mortem, histopathological and microbiological
      examination. This examination failed to establish the initiating cause of the
      lesion but later stages were clearly associated with an invasive septate fungus
      morphologically resembling Aspergillus.

PMID- 687267
TI  - Chronic copper poisoning in dairy cows.
AB  - Chronic copper poisoning in a dairy herd fed supplementary copper is recorded.
      Most cows received 11 g of copper sulphate per day but high milk producers
      received 22.0 g and within 6 months, 3 of them became ill and died. The signs
      shown by the 3 cows were anorexia, decreased milk production, frequent recumbency
      and jaundice. Within 4 days of showing signs, the cows died. The autopsy findings
      were dehydration, anaemia, jaundice, liver damage and intestinal haemorrhage.
      Liver copper values varied from 1,250 to 2,410 ppm DM.

PMID- 687268
TI  - Intraocular pressure during retrobulbar injection.

PMID- 687269
TI  - Intraocular pressure during retrobulbar injection.

PMID- 687270
TI  - Pyrrolizidine alkaloid poisoning of horses.

PMID- 687271
TI  - Congenital abnormalities in calves associated with Akabane virus and Aino virus.

PMID- 687272
TI  - Acute laryngeal paralysis of Arabian foals.

PMID- 687273
TI  - Chronic methylmercurialism in the cat.
AB  - The mercury levels in 69 muscle samples from fish weighing from 0.3 to 200 kg
      caught in Moreton Bay, Queensland, in the latter half of 1976 ranged from less
      than 10 to 2,030 ng/g. Mercury levels in blood samples from 53 humans and 100
      dogs in Brisbane almost all contained less than 10 ng/ml while the level in 162
      cats sampled ranged from less than 10 to 329 ng/ml. Chronic methylmercurialism
      developed in 2 cats dosed daily with methylmercury, bound to cysteine, at the
      rate of 0.6 mg/kg body weight for 74 and 77 days respectively. Terminal clinical
      signs included anorexia, weight loss, knuckling over at the carpus and tarsus,
      hypermetria initially involving the forelegs and later the hindlegs, sluggish
      reflexes, paresis involving all limbs, persistent crying, apparent blindness,
      tonic and clonic convulsions and salivation. Pathological changes were confined
      to the nervous system and included degeneration of neurones and perivascular
      cuffing in the cerebrocortical grey matter, focal atrophy of the granular layer,
      focal spongiosus of the molecular layer and degeneration and loss of Purkinje
      cells in the cerebellum and demyelination in the fibre tracts of the dorsal
      funiculus, mainly the fasciculus cuneatus and in the lateral and ventral
      corticospinal tracts. Terminal blood methylmercury levels were in excess of 18
      microgram/ml, while brain methylmercury levels ranged from 21.0 to 28.4
      microgram/g. The liver and kidney contained the highest total levels of mercury
      of 50 to 80 microgram/g, of which 23 to 37% was inorganic.

PMID- 687274
TI  - A phonocardiographic study of equine heart sounds.
AB  - The occurrence and timing of heart sounds were examined from phonocardiograms
      taken from the mitral, aortic and tricupsid recording areas in each of 18 horses.
      10 sound events could be identified with each cardiac cycle. Atrial contraction
      produced up to 3 sound events. The first heart sound consisted of 4 components
      whereas the second sound was single. Two sound events were associated with the
      3rd heart sound in early diastole. The occurrence of third and fourth heart sound
      components varied between horses and between recording areas. The mitral
      recording area was considered most satisfactory for routine phonocardiographic
      studies in horses.

PMID- 687275
TI  - Congenital bovine epizootic arthrogryposis and hydranencephaly.
AB  - Epizootics of congenital neurological defects in calves have been recorded at
      various intervals in south eastern New South Wales for over 40 years. In 1974 a
      particularly severe outbreak occurred. Field observations of the clinical
      entities, their time of appearance, distribution and incidence were recorded in
      an attempt to determine an epidemiological pattern. The neurological entities
      observed occupied different time spans in the epizootic, the order of appearance
      being polioencephalomyelitis, arthrogryposis, hydranencephaly and micrencephaly.
      The probable period of infection correlated well with the likely presence of
      Culiciodes brevitarsus in the epizootic area and the distribution and incidence
      of neurologic cases likewise correlated well with the expected geographical and
      climatic distribution of C. brevitarsus in this period. The probable association
      of Akabane virus infection and the outbreak of stillbirths and abortions which
      preceded the neurologic entities is discussed.

PMID- 687276
TI  - The isolation of lentogenic strains of Newcastle disease virus in Australia.
AB  - Twelve isolations of Newcastle disease virus were made from 77 clinical samples
      from chickens from conjunctivitis, respiratory disease, proventriculitis and
      bursal atrophy. Nine of the isolations were made from chickens with
      conjunctivitis. The viruses were identified as Newcastle disease virus by
      inhibition of their haemagglutinins with specific antiserum to Newcastle disease
      virus. The viruses failed to kill chicken embryos after inoculation into the
      allantoic cavity and they were judged to be lentogenic strains. There was no
      evidence that the Newcastle disease viruses were responsible for any of the
      clinical conditions from which they were isolated. The presence of other agents
      in 10 of the samples was indicated by reduced production of haemagglutinin in
      allantoic fluids of infected embryos, by deaths of infected embryos, by the
      production of cytopathic changes in avian cell cultures and by electron
      microscopy. Three isolations of infectious bronchitis virus, 2 of avian
      adenovirus and one of avian reovirus were made. Other samples were suspected of
      containing infectious bronchitis virus and mycoplasmas, but these were not
      isolated. The Newcastle disease viruses failed to produce plaques in chicken
      embryo fibroblast cell cultures and they were separated from the contaminating
      agents by haemagglutination and elution followed by passage at terminal dilution
      in chick embryos. No Newcastle disease virus was isolated from 60 caecal tonsils
      and 60 lung samples from 9-week-old broiler chickens. Eight lung samples yielded
      mycoplasmas that caused haemadsorption in chicken cell cultures. The mycoplasmas
      were probably Mycoplasma gallisepticum.

PMID- 687277
TI  - The toxicity and efficiency of arecoline hydrobromide in the Tasmanian hydatid
      control program.
AB  - Results on the efficiency and toxicity of arecoline hydrobromide during the first
      11 years of the hydatid limitation program in Tasmania are presented. A
      satisfactory mucous purge was obtained from about 80% of dogs when arecoline was
      used at 3.25 mg/kg and from about 75% when the dose rate was reduced to 1.62
      mg/kg of body weight. Arecoline is considered to have a low efficiency in
      detecting tapeworm infection in individual dogs, but is valuable as a diagnostic
      aid in groups of dogs. Toxicity was seen as acute cardiac collapse in about 5
      dogs per 1000 dosed. Deaths followed in 1 dog in about 9,500.

PMID- 687278
TI  - Splenectomy in the horse.
AB  - Splenectomy was successfully performed on 2 aged horses to facilitate
      experimental studies of Babesia equi infection. Resection of part of the 17th rib
      provided the most acceptable approach and avoided many complications encountered
      on removing part of the 16th rib.

PMID- 687279
TI  - Endrin toxicity in cagebirds.
AB  - The deaths of approximately 320 cagebirds (finches, doves, quails) were found to
      be due to ingestion of panicum seed (Panicum miliaceum) contaminated with endrin.
      Most birds were found dead but some showed flight instability prior to death. No
      gross or microscopic lesions were found in necropsied birds.

PMID- 687280
TI  - Supply of and demand for Australian veterinary graduates.

PMID- 687281
TI  - Supply of and demand for Australian veterinary graduates.

PMID- 687282
TI  - Nardoo fern and polioencephalomalacia.

PMID- 687283
TI  - Transmission of Babesia bigemina by transfer of adult male Boophilus microplus.

PMID- 687284
TI  - A health program for commercial dairy herds. 1. Objectives and methods.
AB  - A health program for dairy herds is defined as a planned and coordinated approach
      to achieving and maintaining optimal health and productive efficiency of
      livestock. A program is described, which has been developed over a period of
      eight years to fulfill this definition in providing veterinary services to
      commercial dairy herds. It is demonstrated that clinical veterinary services to
      participating herds did not satisfactorily achieve the stated aim and therefore
      an alternative approach was developed. This approach is centred around the
      concept of performance targets, and each herd is monitored closely by means of a
      computer-based health and productivity monitoring system in order to detect
      deviation from target performance. When such deviations occur, the monitoring
      system is used to diagnose the nature of the problem. The detailed targets
      adopted in this study are described and the examinations which are undertaken on
      cattle are outlined. These examinations are aimed at correcting problems, or at
      confirming satisfactory performance. Further details of the findings of the study
      are outlined in following papers.

PMID- 687285
TI  - A health program for commercial dairy herds. 2. Data processing.
AB  - The development of a computerised data handling and analysis system to aid the
      operation of a health and management program for commercial dairy herds is
      described. The aims for the system are outlined, and the development of the
      system over a period of 8 years to meet these aims is described. The
      documentation used in the current system is described in relation to the various
      procedures involved in the operation of the dairy herd health program. Two
      features which make this system unique are its use for the selection of problem
      and high risk cows for examination and treatment, and the provision of analyses
      of recent performance in a number of facets of health and production, which aid
      in the identification of emerging problems. It is considered that future
      improvements in the system will be in the areas of milk production recording and
      calf rearing and disease recording.

PMID- 687286
TI  - A health program for commercial dairy herds. 3. Changes in reproductive
      performance.
AB  - A health program service was implemented on 9 farms, for periods ranging up to 7
      years. Reproductive performance was substantially improved, when performance
      indicators were compared with values for the herds prior to commencement of the
      service. On average, the mean calving to conception intervals for the herds were
      reduced by 24 days over their periods of participation in the program, from an
      initial value of 119 days. The intercalving interval was reduced by an average of
      27 days. This improvement was associated with a reduction in the mean dry period
      length of 20 days, from an initial value of 117 days. There was a tendency for
      the lactation lengths to be reduced to an undesirable extent due to slow
      adaptation by management to the improvement in reproductive performance, but the
      problem was corrected late in the study. The improvement in performance was
      attributed to improved oestrus detection, correction of temporary nutritional
      deficiencies, and prompt treatment of genital tract disorders in individual
      animals. Results for a range of performance indicators related to reproductive
      function are reported in detail.

PMID- 687287
TI  - A health program for commercial dairy herds. 4. Changes in mastitis prevalence.
AB  - A study of mastitis prevalence in 10 herds which participated in a herd health
      program is reported for varying periods, up to a maximum of 10 years. The program
      was based on teat dipping with idophor or sodium hypochlorite teat dip, regular
      maintenance of the milking machine, and selective dry period treatment of
      quarters which were classified as infected on the basis of California Mastitis
      Test score and bacteriological examination of milk samples taken before drying
      off. The procedures reduced mastitis prevalence (measured in cows being dried
      off), incidence of clinical mastitis, and disposal of cows due to mastitis.
      Results obtained were similar to those found in short-term studies of control
      programs based on teat dipping and dry period therapy. The only significant
      difficulty which arose in maintaining the control program over 10 years was loss
      of enthusiasm by farmers for teat dipping. This was usually induced by teat
      irritation problems apparently caused by teat dipping. The use of a monitoring
      procedure for mastitis prevalence was important in persuading farmers to return
      to the use of teat dip.

PMID- 687288
TI  - A health program for commercial dairy herds. 5. The occurrence of specific
      disease entities.
AB  - Disease incidence data was collected from 9 dairy herds which participated in a
      herd health program. A total of 11,534 cow years was analysed. In common with
      other Australian data, the important clinical diseases were mastitis and
      infertility. There was an average level of 43.4 disease incidents per year per
      100 animals at risk. An average of 18.6% of the herd left each year. This
      comprised 1.5% through death and 17.1% through sale. Disease accounted for the
      disposal of 9.8% of animals, and management reasons for 8.8%. These findings are
      similar to those of other studies in Australia and in other countries, but the
      results in this study were based on a longer period and on closer surveillance.

PMID- 687289
TI  - Ostertagia confusa (var. antipoda)

PMID- 687290
TI  - Interference in estimation of copper concentration in serum harvested from blood
      collected into evacuated tubes.

PMID- 687291
TI  - The species of flies reared from struck sheep in Western Australia.

PMID- 687292
TI  - Isolation of Campylobacter fetus from bulls.

PMID- 687294
TI  - Osteochondritis dissecans in the dog.
AB  - The diagnosis, aetiology, pathogenesis and treatment of osteochondritis dissecans
      in the shoulder, elbow, stifle and hock joints of the dog is reviewed. A
      technique of surgically exploring the shoulder joint with minimal exposure is
      described. Recommendations for preventing the development of osteochondritis
      dissecans are made.

PMID- 687293
TI  - Urolithiasis in animals.
AB  - Urolithiasis is a disease of multifactorial origin. Prominent amongst the causes
      of disease outbreaks are nutritional factors. Alteration of diet is probably one
      of the most effective means of prevention, depending of course on the nature of
      the uroliths formed. In this regard analysis of the stones formed is an essential
      prelude to understanding, adequately treating the disease and preventing its
      recurrence.

PMID- 687295
TI  - Pathogenicity for cattle of atypical mycobacteria isolated from feral pigs and
      cattle and the correlation of lesions with tuberculin sensitivity.
AB  - Two experiments involving the inoculation of cattle with atypical mycobacteria
      are described. In the first experiment groups of 5 cattle were inoculated either
      subcutaneously or into a mesenteric lymph node with a strain of M. scrofulaceum
      or M. intracellulare. Four weeks and 10 weeks after inoculation the cattle were
      tuberculin tested with bovine PPD, avian PPD and homologous PPDs. The
      pathological changes observed were similar within each group of cattle inoculated
      with the same strain of mycobacteria. A significant interaction was demonstrated
      between the strain and the route of inoculation. In the second experiment 17
      cattle were similarly inoculated by either of the two routes with 1 of 6 strains
      of M. intracellulare, a strain of M. scrofulaceum or a strain of Runyon Group IV,
      all of which had been isolated from feral pigs, or a strain of M. intracellulare
      of bovine origin. Tuberculin tests were carried out after 4 weeks and 10 weeks.
      Only the isolate from a bovine lymph node produced a significant level of
      sensitivity to bovine PPD. Cultural isolation of the mycobacteria from autopsy
      material was not correlated with the presence of macroscopic lesions nor with
      sensitivity to bovine PPD. The response to bovine PPD of cattle infected with
      these atypical mycobacteria decreased between 48 h and 96 h after injection of
      the tuberculins. As the maximum difference in the response to bovine and avian
      tuberculins occurs at 72 h a comparative tuberculin test should be read at this
      time to eliminate non-specific reactors.

PMID- 687296
TI  - The toxicity of myoporum tetrandrum (Boobialla) and myoporaceous furanoid
      essential oils for ruminants.
AB  - Boobialla (Myoporum tetrandrum)leaf contains from 0.25 to 0.5% wet weight of
      furanoid sesquiterpene essential oils of which the main component is
      dehydrongaione. The plant was toxic when dosed to calves at equivalent dose rates
      of oils of from 50 to 134 mg/kg, causing mainly extensive haemorrhagic
      centrillobular necrosis; and to sheep at equivalent dose rates of oil of from 55
      to 66 mg/kg, causing either centrilobular or periportal liver lesions with or
      without acute pulmonary oedema. An essential oil mixture of similar composition
      derived from Myoporum deserti produced similar syndromes. In addition, treatment
      of calves with phenobarbitone or Melaleuca linariifolia essential oils prior to
      dosing with the Myoporum oils caused periportal hepatic necrosis rather than the
      centrilobular lesion which occurred usually in this species. The liver lesions
      found in the experimental calves and sheep respectively, were thus similar to
      those reported in suspected field cases of Boobialla poisoning in cattle and
      goats in Western Australia. The liver injury that may be expected in intoxication
      of livestock by myoporaceous plants containing this type of essential oils can
      thus be either periportal, midzonal or centrilobular necrosis, depending,
      probably, on the nutritional regime of the animal immediately prior to
      consumption of the toxic plant.

PMID- 687298
TI  - The effect of age on resistance of cattle to Babesia bovis.
AB  - Susceptible Hereford cattle of different ages were inoculated with 2 X 10(8)
      Babesia bovis organisms. Experiment I consisted of cows aged 6 to 7 years, steers
      aged 17 to 18 months and calves aged 5 to 6 months, while experiment 2 consisted
      of cows aged 6.5 to 7.5 years, steers aged 23 to 24 months and yearlings aged 11
      to 12 months. Daily measurements of temperature, parasitaemia and packed cell
      volume were made in order to determine susceptibility of the different ages.
      Twenty-four of the 36 animals in experiment I, which included all 12 cows,
      required treatment. One cow died as a result of an enlarged ruptured spleen, and
      2 steers and 1 calf died with classical babesiosis symptoms. No treatement was
      given to experiment II animals, and 5 of the 12 cows died, but the steers and
      yearlings underwent relatively mild reactions. Statistical analysis confirmed the
      high susceptibility to B. bovis of the aged cows in both experiments, and the
      innate resistance of 5 to 6 month old calves in experiment I. The reaction of the
      18-month-old steers in experiment I was significantly greater than that of the
      calves, but significantly less severe than that of the aged cows. Two-year-old
      steers and yearlings in experiment 2 underwent similar mild reactions, suggesting
      that innate immunity may persist for longer periods when compared to aged cows.
      Age groups showing reduced susceptibility were found to reach peak parasitaemia,
      temperature and anaemia before the more susceptible age groups. Heterologous
      challenge of the remaining experiment 1 and experiment 2 animals at 6 and 8
      months respectively after primary inoculation, revealed all animals of all ages
      had a solid resistance to B. bovis.

PMID- 687297
TI  - The prevalence and distribution of leptospiral titres in cattle and pigs in
      Queensland.
AB  - Serological test results for leptospiral species on serums from cattle and pigs
      performed by the diagnostic laboratories of the Queensland Department of Primary
      Industries from July 1973 to June 1976 were used to determine the prevalence and
      geographical distribution of 3 leptospiral serotypes in Queensland. There was a
      higher prevalence of antibodies to L. hardjo than to L. pomona in cattle, whereas
      in pigs the prevalence of antibodies to L. pomona was much higher than that for
      L. tarassovi or L. hardjo. Feral pigs had a particularly high prevalence of L.
      pomona antibodies. There is a different geographical distribution of antibodies
      to L. pomona and L. hardjo. L. hardjo antibodies appear to be fairly uniformly
      distributed but there is a higher prevalence of L. pomona antibodies in low
      rainfall areas. This relationship was shown to be significantly correlated.

PMID- 687299
TI  - Melioidosis in a sulphur-crested cockatoo (Cacatua galerita).
AB  - A case of melioidosis in a sulphur-crested cockatoo (Cacatua galerita) kept as a
      pet in Townsville is described. This case was characterised by liver necrosis
      with both a heterophil and mononuclear cell inflammatory response associated with
      giant cells. Pseudomonas pseudomallei was isolated by blood plate culture and
      guinea pig inoculation. This is the first case of melioidosis reported in a
      native bird in Australia.

PMID- 687300
TI  - Toadfish poisoning (tetrodotoxin) in the cat.
AB  - Two cases of tetrodotoxin (toadfish) poisoning in the cat are reported. The
      pharmacological and physiological actions of the toxin and treatment of this
      intoxication are discussed.

PMID- 687301
TI  - Opening of Annual Conference by the Governor-General.

PMID- 687302
TI  - The veterinary dilemma.

PMID- 687303
TI  - The effects of biotin administration on glucose synthesis rates in starved
      pregnant sheep.

PMID- 687304
TI  - Enteric coronavirus-like particles in sheep.

PMID- 687305
TI  - Malignant melanoma in Queensland: a review.

PMID- 687306
TI  - Melanoma specific protein: detection and characterization of a tumour specific
      protein from melanotic urine.

PMID- 687307
TI  - Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweet's syndrome) with myeloid
      proliferation.

PMID- 687308
TI  - Topical DNCB therapy for resistant warts.

PMID- 687309
TI  - Drug induced lupus erythematosus--a case report.

PMID- 687310
TI  - Diseases of the vulva.

PMID- 687311
TI  - A comparative study of cognitive traits in human sex chromosome aneuploids and
      sterile and fertile euploids.

PMID- 687312
TI  - A reexamination of the genetic control of sonic vocalization in mice.

PMID- 687313
TI  - Morphine preference of alcohol-avoiding and alcohol-preferring C57BL mice.

PMID- 687314
TI  - A comment on Jensen's note on sex linkage and race differences in spatial
      ability.

PMID- 687315
TI  - Genetic control of sniffing and marking responses in mice.

PMID- 687316
TI  - Genetic and nongenetic influences on handedness.

PMID- 687317
TI  - A diallel analysis of brain and body weight in male inbred laboratory mice (Mus
      musculus).

PMID- 687318
TI  - Analysis of major gene effects using recombinant inbred strains and related
      congenic lines.

PMID- 687319
TI  - Selection for shuttle avoidance in wild Mus musculus.

PMID- 687320
TI  - The Hawaii family study of cognitive abilities: a comment.

PMID- 687321
TI  - The Hawaii family study of cognition: a reply.

PMID- 687322
TI  - Comment on "spatial and temporal processing in patients with Turner's syndrome".

PMID- 687323
TI  - The specificity of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in reducing coronary vascular
      resistance: A comparison with adenosine.
AB  - Experiments were performed on the isolated, electrically driven guinea-pig heart,
      perfused at constant rate. All animals were pretreated with reserpine. Myocardial
      contractile force (MCF), coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) and myocardial oxygen
      consumption (QO2) were monitored continuously. Both adenosine (ADO) and PGE2
      produced a concentration-dependent decrease in the CPP. The ED50 (50% of maximum
      response) was 2.1 +/- 0.6 X 10(-9)M for PGE2 but 40 +/- 7 X 10(-9)M for ADO (P
      less than 0.01) at 1.8 mM Ca(e). This coronary vasodilation was independent of
      the external Ca-concentration, which was varied between 0.55-9.0 mM. PGE2 had no
      effect on MCF or QO2 and the effect of ADO was only slight. There was no evidence
      that any action of ADO could be inhibited by simultaneously applied PGE2. The
      results provide evidence for the specific coronary vasodilating action of PGE2
      which in this system is about 20 times as effective as adenosine.

PMID- 687324
TI  - Multifactorial determination of 201thallium uptake of the heart: an experimental
      study concerning the influence of ventricular mass, perfusion and oxygen
      consumption.
AB  - Studies were performed in 42 cats in order to analyze the determinants of
      myocardial 201Thallium uptake. (1) Ventricular mass represents the major
      determinant of myocardial 201Thallium uptake. The inner (subendocardial) layer of
      the left ventricle storages 10-15 per cent more Thallium than the outer
      (subepicardial) layer, whereas the right ventricle has 201Thallium accumulation
      by 40 per cent less than the left ventricle. (2) Coronary perfusion increase as
      induced by intravenous injection of dipyridamole leads-at constant muscle mass-to
      considerable increase in myocardial 201Thallium uptake by 106 per cent. (3)
      Changes in myocardial oxygen consumption as induced by inotropic interventions
      are associated with considerable changes in the myocardial 201Thallium uptake.
      These results demonstrate that ventricular mass, myocardial flow and myocardial
      oxygen consumption are major determinants of myocardial 201Thallium uptake. Thus,
      by quantitiative determination of the myocardial 201Thallium uptake, a useful
      equivalent of the viability degree of the left ventricle, which itself is
      determined by mass, flow and metabolism, may be obtained.

PMID- 687325
TI  - PO2 and microflow histograms of the beating heart in response to changes in
      arterial pO2.
AB  - The influence of different values of arterial oxygen partial pressure (PO2) on
      local tissue PO2 was investigated. Tissue PO2 was measured on the surface of the
      beating hearts of rabbit and cat by the multiwire surface electrode as described
      by Kessler and Lubbers (21). In parallel experiments, local hydrogen clearance
      applying the H2-PH2 probe (33) was used to determine the mean blood flow per area
      (microflow) at the capillary level. Mean blood flow per area, v, was calculated
      from PH2 clearance curves obtained by local application of rectangular hydrogen
      pulses. The results are presented as histograms. Under steady state conditions
      (barbiturate narcosis), tissue PO2 ranged from 5 to 65 Torr (0.67 to 8.67 kPA)
      with a median of 31 Torr (4.13 kPA) in the cat heart. Mean flow per area covered
      values between 25 and 11 mum/s with a median of 55 mum/s. For rabbit heart
      muscle, the median was v = 37 mum/s and the range 28 to 46 mum/s. Hyperoxia
      broadened the range of tissue PO2 and shifted flow per area to lower values.
      Different degrees of hypoxia shifted the PO2 histogram to the left (median PO2 14
      Torr and 4 Torr, respectively; [1.87 kPA and 0.53 kPA]) and the flow histogram to
      the right.

PMID- 687327
TI  - Color preferences in quail chicks: generalization of the effects of genetic
      selection.

PMID- 687326
TI  - [Systolic time intervals. 1st communication: normal values from children without
      heart diseases].
AB  - The concept of "systolic time intervals" was introduced into noninvasive
      cardiologic examination by Weissler et al.; in detail these are the following
      data: the total electromechanical systole = QS2, the left ventricular ejection
      time = LVET, the preejection period = PEP and the quotient PEP/LVET. These
      quantities are not in principle new parameters; in the German literature the QS2
      is known as "Systolendauer", the LVET is identical to the "Austreibungszeit" and
      the PEP is identical to the "Anspannungszeit". The determination of PEP (= QS2
      LVET) is preferable to the usual calculation of the "Anspannungszeit" nach
      Blumberger in so far as longer time intervals must be measured and therefore the
      statistical error decreases. From 96 children between 3 and 15 years polygraphic
      tracings were recorded and the STI were calculated and standard values were
      ascertained and were evaluated statistically. QS2 and LVET grow longer linearly
      with increasing age (p less than or equal to 0.001) and diminish linearly with
      increasing heart rate (p less than or equal to 0.001). For PEP only the inverse
      correlation with the heart rate was significant. PEP/LVET does not very
      significantly. Girls have longer PEP (+ 6 msec, p less than or equal to 0.01) and
      higher PEP/LVET (+ 0.04, p less than or equal to 0.001) than boys. The normal
      range of variation of the STI is relatively large (QS2: 278-386 msec, LVET: 200
      285 MSEC, PEP: 65-114 msec, PEP/LVET: 0.27-0.47). For the examination of
      individual cases it is better to compare them with the standard values
      ascertained by the regression equations (table 3+4).

PMID- 687328
TI  - [Results of the radiofibrinogen test using a simple measuring technic].

PMID- 687329
TI  - [Radiation induced injuries of the supportive and motor apparatus and their
      orthopedic treatment].

PMID- 687330
TI  - [Iatrogenic lesions of the arm nerves after ischemia of the upper arm].

PMID- 687332
TI  - [Anesthesiological problems in Harrington's scoliosis surgery].

PMID- 687331
TI  - [Anesthesiologic aspects in orthopedic surgery in geriatric patients].

PMID- 687333
TI  - [Spontaneous achilles tendon rupture, bilateral, simultaneous. Case contribution
      and attempt at finding etiology].

PMID- 687334
TI  - [Bilateral simultaneous achilles tendon rupture].

PMID- 687335
TI  - [Tendon ruptures in myopathoes].

PMID- 687336
TI  - [Morton's metatarsalgia].

PMID- 687337
TI  - [Results of dorsal wrist synovectomy with resection of the ulnar head].

PMID- 687338
TI  - [Risks in the surgical treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome].

PMID- 687339
TI  - [The use of Hoeck's and Hess' complaint questionnaire and their behavior
      questionnaire in orthopedic practice].

PMID- 687340
TI  - [Degenerative diseases of the articular cartilage, their pathogenesis and
      management].

PMID- 687341
TI  - [Diagnosis and therapy of acetabular fractures].

PMID- 687342
TI  - [Results of Imhauser's osteotomy in epiphyseolysis of the femur head].

PMID- 687343
TI  - [Synovectomy of the hip joint in arthrosis].

PMID- 687344
TI  - [Pauwels' variated osteotomy in progressive coxarthrosis].

PMID- 687345
TI  - [Gait examination in patients with coxarthrosis before and after hip surgery].

PMID- 687346
TI  - [Report on a study trip to Switzerland].

PMID- 687347
TI  - [Relationship between defective milking devices and the increase of cell number
      in milk].

PMID- 687348
TI  - [Comparative experimental studies on the demonstration pathogenicity of
      Staphylococcus hyicus in pigs as well as Staphylococcus epidermis biotype 2 in
      cattle using gnotobiotic piglets and rabbits].

PMID- 687349
TI  - [Outbreak of Aujeszky's disease in Hesse].

PMID- 687350
TI  - [Direction and control of biologic processes through proteases and through a
      "limited proteolysis"].

PMID- 687351
TI  - Studies on sex-organ development. Changes in chemical composition and oestradiol
      binding capacity in chromatin during the differentiation of chick Mullerian
      ducts.
AB  - Biochemical and immunochemical techniques were used to probe the changes in
      composition of the chromatin of differentiating Mullerian ducts. The non-histone
      protein increases gradually in the left duct and reaches a constant amount at day
      15 of incubation, then remains at the same value until after birth. In the
      regressing right duct, the non-histone protein increases and then decreases. Gel
      electrophoresis indicated an increased heterogeneity in the composition of the
      non-histone protein corresponding to Mullerian-duct differentiation. Little
      variation in quantity and quality of the histone was observed; however,
      immunochemical assay confirmed the structural change of Mullerian-duct chromatin
      during development. An antibody against the chromatin of the newborn-chick
      oviduct was produced in the rabbit. The chromatin of Mullerian ducts from the
      early embryonic stage showed a small affinity with the antibody; the affinity
      increased during the late embryonic stages. The affinity was greatly decreased in
      the regressing right duct. Oestrogen-binding sites were present in the chromatin
      of the left and right Mullerian ducts during differentiation, with more sites in
      the left duct than in the right one during the late stages of development. After
      oestrogen treatment in vivo, the oestrogen-binding sites on the chromatin of both
      the left and the right ducts were increased, with a greater increase in the left
      duct than in the right. In the developing left duct the binding sites reach a
      maximum on day 15 of incubation, and remain constant at that value until birth.

PMID- 687352
TI  - The realiability of rates of glucose appearance in vivo calculated from constant
      tracer infusions.
AB  - The rate of appearance of unlabelled glucose was calculated from tracer data and
      compared with the actual rate of infusion of unlabelled glucose into a
      anaesthetized dog with all sources  of endogenous glucose production surgically
      removed. The mean steady-state rate of appearance of unlabelled glucose
      calculated from the equilibrium specific radioactivity was insignificantly higher
      (0.3%) than the actual rate of infusion of unlabelled glucose (n = 6). During non
      steady states, a time-variable volume of distribution of glucose (V) was
      necessary to predict the rate of appearance of unlabelled glucose correctly from
      the pool-dependent equation described by Steele [(1959) Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 82,
      420--430]. Rapid fluctuations in the rate of appearance of glucose could be
      predicted reasonably well by using a fixed value of V for 40ml/kg, but by using
      larger fixed values for V (100--160ml/kg) the rates were inaccurate. The pool
      dependent two-radiactive-isotope technique described by Issekutz, Issekutz &
      Elahi [(1974) Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 52, 215--224] predicted single-step
      increases in the rate of infusion of glucose reasonably accurately, but the
      Steele (1959) equation was better at predicting sequential changes in the rate of
      infusion of unlabelled glucose.

PMID- 687353
TI  - Protein phosphorylation in normal and neoplastic development. Phosphorylation of
      proteins endogenous to foetal tissues and tumours.
AB  - The abilities of proteins endogenous to normal and neoplastic tissues to serve as
      substrates in a protein-phosphorylation reaction in vitro were compared. After
      the tissue extracts were incubated with [gamma-32P]ATP, the phosphorylated
      proteins were separated by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel
      electrophoresis and the dried gels were subjected to radioautography.
      Considerable incorporation of 32P into a protein of mol.wt. 135000 was observed
      with extracts from foetal tissues and tumours, but only minimal incorporation
      into this protein occurred when extracts from adult tissues were used. The
      ability of this protein to become phosphorylated in vitro may be related to cell
      proliferation. When ascites cells were incubated with [32P]Pi, one of the major
      phosphoproteins migrated on sodium dodecyl suphate/polyacrylamide gels at mol.wt.
      135000, suggesting that this protein can be phosphorylated both in intact cells
      and broken-cell preparations. A protein of mol.wt. 87000 was highly
      phosphorylatable in extracts from solid tumours, but was not phosphorylated in
      extracts from ascites tumours, foetal or adult tissues. The phosphorylation
      pattern of these two proteins can thus distinguish solid neoplasms and normal
      adult tissues from ascites tumours and from foetal tissues. A protein of mol.wt.
      49000, which was the most labelled protein in adult tissues, was also one of the
      major phosphoproteins in foetal and neoplastic tissues. Numerous mechanisms are
      postulated to explain how the extent of 32P incorporation into a protein could
      vary as a function of biological state.

PMID- 687354
TI  - Composition and distribution of glycosaminoglycans in cultures of human normal
      and malignant glial cells.
AB  - The glycosaminoglycans of human cultured normal glial and malignant glioma cells
      were studied. [35S]Sulphate or [3H]glucosamine added to the culture medium was
      incorporated into glycosaminoglycans; labelled glycosaminoglycans were isolated
      by DEAE-cellulose chromatography or gel chromatography. A simple procedure was
      developed for measurement of individual sulphated glycosaminoglycans in cell
      culture fluids. In normal cultures the glycosaminoglycans of the pericellular
      pool (trypsin-susceptible material), the membrane fraction (trypsin-susceptible
      material of EDTA-detached cells) and the substrate-attached material consisted
      mainly of heparan sulphate. The intra- and extra-cellular pools showed a
      predominance of dermatan sulphate. The net production of hyaluronic acid was low.
      The accumulation of 35S-labelled glycosaminoglycans in the extracellular pool was
      essentially linear with time up to 72h. The malignant glioma cells differed in
      most aspects tested. The total production of glycosaminoglycans was much greater
      owing to a high production of hyaluronic acid and hyaluronic acid was the major
      cell-surface-associated glycosaminoglycan in these cultures. Among the sulphated
      glycosaminoglycans chondroitin sulphate, rather than heparan sulphate, was the
      predominant species of the pericellular pool. This was also true for the membrane
      fraction and substrate-attached material. Furthermore, the accumulation of
      extracellular 35S-labelled glycosaminoglycans was initially delayed for several
      hours and did not become linear with time until after 24 h of incubation. The
      glioma cells produced little dermatan sulphate and the dermatan sulphate chains
      differed from those of normal cultures with respect to the distribution of
      iduronic acid residues. The observed differences between normal glial and
      malignant glioma cells were not dependent on cell density; rather they were due
      to the malignant transformation itself.

PMID- 687355
TI  - The influence of ammonia on purine and pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis in rat
      liver and brain in vitro.
AB  - 1. The effect of ammonia on purine and pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis was
      studied in rat liver and brain in vitro. The incorporation of NaH(14)CO(3) into
      acid-soluble uridine nucleotide (UMP) in liver homogenates and minces was
      increased 2.5-4-fold on incubation with 10mm-NH(4)Cl plus N-acetyl-l-glutamate,
      but not with either compound alone. 2. The incorporation of NaH(14)CO(3) into
      orotic acid was increased 3-4-fold in liver homogenate with NH(4)Cl plus
      acetylglutamate. 3. The 5-phosphoribosyl 1-pyrophosphate content of liver
      homogenate was decreased by 50% after incubation for 10min with 10mm-NH(4)Cl plus
      acetylglutamate. 4. Concomitant with this decrease in free phosphoribosyl
      pyrophosphate was a 40-50% decrease in the rates of purine nucleotide synthesis,
      both de novo and from the preformed base. 5. Subcellular fractionation of liver
      indicated that the effects of NH(4)Cl plus acetylglutamate on pyrimidine and
      purine biosynthesis required a mitochondrial fraction. This effect of NH(4)Cl
      plus acetylglutamate could be duplicated in a mitochondria-free liver fraction
      with carbamoyl phosphate. 6. A similar series of experiments carried out with rat
      brain demonstrated a significant, though considerably smaller, effect on UMP
      synthesis de novo and purine base reutilization. 7. These data indicate that
      excessive amounts of ammonia may interfere with purine nucleotide biosynthesis by
      stimulating production of carbamoyl phosphate through the mitochondrial
      synthetase, with the excess carbamoyl phosphate in turn increasing pyrimidine
      nucleotide synthesis de novo and diminishing the phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate
      available for purine biosynthesis.

PMID- 687356
TI  - Tryptophan pyrrolase, the regulatory free haem and hepatic porphyrias. Early
      depletion of haem by clinical and experimental exacerbators of porphyria.
AB  - 1. The importance of the early depletion of liver haem in the production of
      porphyria is discussed and further supporting evidence is presented from
      experiments with tryptophan pyrrolase, under conditions of exacerbation of
      experimental porphyria by therapeutic and other agents. 2. In addition to the
      early depletion of pyrrolase haem by porphyrogens, a further depletion is
      produced when rats are given a porphyrogen plus an analogue or one of 19 drugs
      known to exacerbate the human disease. 3. Non-exacerbators of human porphyrias do
      not cause a further early depletion of pyrrolase haem and it is suggested that
      this system may be used as a screening test for possible exacerbation of the
      disease by new and existing drugs. 4. A similar further early depletion of haem
      is produced by combined administration of lead acetate plus phenobarbitone, thus
      suggesting that the depletion is a more general phenomenon in experimental
      porphyria. 5. The relationship between tryptophan pyrrolase and the regulatory
      free haem is discussed. It is suggested that pyrrolase may play an important role
      in the regulation of haem biosynthesis.

PMID- 687357
TI  - Distinctive effects of glucagon on gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis in hepatocytes
      isolated from normal and biotin-deficient rats.
AB  - In hepatocytes from 48 h-starved rats identical glucagon dose-response curves
      were obtained for the stimulation of gluconeogenesis from lactate, for
      ketogenesis and for the decreasing of the C5-dicarboxylate pool. Glucagon (20 nM)
      caused a 5-fold increase in 3-hydroxybutyrate formation, but decreased
      acetoacetate production 50% of that of the control. In hepatocytes from biotin
      deficient rats glucagon no longer stimulated gluconeogenesis from lactate, but
      still produced its effects on the mitochondrial redox state and the C5
      dicarboxylate pool. The results suggest that the primary site of the hormone
      action on gluconeogenesis is located within the mitochondria rather than in the
      cytosol.

PMID- 687358
TI  - Increased calcium-ion influx is a component of capacitation of spermatozoa.
AB  - Capacitation (modifications required for gamete fusion) is produced by incubating
      guinea-pig spermatozoa in vitro in a chemically defined medium. It is shown that
      during such incubation a net uptake of Ca2+ by the sperm occurs in two
      distinguishable phases. An initial loose association of Ca2+, possibly to surface
      sites, is unaffected by agents (Mg2+, inhibitors of mitochondiral function) that
      prevent or delay the exocytotic spermatozoal acrosome reaction. The time course
      of a secondary Ca2+ uptake parallels or slightly precedes the time course of the
      acrosome reaction. This parallelism is maintained during a variety of treatments
      that either expedite (local anaesthetics, ionophore A23187, Triton X-100) or
      delay (Mg2+, low external Ca2+) the acrosome reaction. We conclude that the
      secondary Ca2+ influx described herein apparently serves to link alterations of
      the spermatozoal membrane to subsequent contractile and secretory components of
      the capacitation sequence.

PMID- 687359
TI  - Phycocyanobilin synthesis in the unicellular rhodophyte Cyanidium caldarium.
AB  - Light is required for synthesis of the accessory photosynethetic pigment
      phycocyanin in cells of the unicellular rhodophyte Cyanidium caldarium.
      Phycocyanin is a conjugated protein composed of polypeptide subunits to which the
      light-absorbing bile pigment chromophore phycocyanobilin is covalently attached.
      Dark-grown cells of C. caldarium are unable to make phycocyanin, but when
      incubated in the dark with 5-aminolaevulinate the cells synthesize and excrete a
      protein-free phycobilin (algal bile pigment) into the suspending medium. The
      electronic absorption spectrum, electron impact mass spectrum, chromatographic
      properties and imide products obtained after chronic acid degradation of the
      excreted phycobilin were identical with those of phycocyanobilin cleaved from
      phycocyanin in boiling methanol. This establishes the structural identity between
      the excreted phycobilin, which is the end product of bile-pigment synthesis in
      vivo, and the chromophore cleaved from phycocyanin in boiling methanol. The
      significance of the structure of the excreted phycobilin with respect to the
      events surrounding the assembly of the phycocyanin molecule in vivo is discussed.

PMID- 687360
TI  - Characterization of uterine heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleic acid and the effect
      of oestradiol-17 beta on its synthesis.
AB  - An early response to the administration of oestradiol-17 beta to immature rats is
      a dramatic stimulation in the synthesis of uterine hnRNA (heterogenous nuclear
      RNA). High-molecular-weight fractions of the hnRNA were purified and
      subfractionated on poly(U)-Sepharose into fractions that differed in their
      poly(A) content and their size profile on polyacrylamide gels. Oestrogen
      treatment of the rats stimulated the synthesis of all three fractions of high
      molecular-weight hnRNA, but the kinetics of synthesis, degree of stimulation and
      size distribution of the newly synthesize RNA differed in each fraction.

PMID- 687361
TI  - Effects of ammonia and norvaline on lactate metabolism by hepatocytes from
      starved rats. The use of 14C-labelled lactate in studies of hepatic
      gluconeogenesis.
AB  - 1. Hepatocytes from starved rats were incubated with l-lactate and NH(4)Cl or
      norvaline, and the rates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and of gluconeogenesis
      were calculated from changes in metabolite concentrations or from radioisotopic
      data from incubations with labelled lactate or propionate. 2. Gluconeogenesis was
      stimulated by the addition of 10mm-NH(4)Cl, 5mm-norvaline or 1mm-oleate by 27, 45
      and 59% respectively. NH(4)Cl or norvaline also increased lactate uptake.
      Norvaline inhibited urea synthesis from NH(4)Cl by 85%. 3. The effects of NH(4)Cl
      and norvaline were not additive. However, NH(4)Cl inhibited and norvaline was
      without effect on gluconeogenesis from pyruvate, indicating that the two
      compounds act by different mechanisms. 4. The tricarboxylic acid-cycle flux was
      increased 80% by lactate, and NH(4)Cl caused a further 25% stimulation. Norvaline
      had no effect on the tricarboxylic acid-cycle flux. NH(4)Cl and norvaline tripled
      and doubled, respectively, flux through pyruvate dehydrogenase. 5. Total ATP
      formation was calculated to range from 470 to 830mumol/h per 100mg of protein, of
      which the basic metabolic activity accounted for 400-450mumol/h per 100mg of
      protein. ATP formation does not seem to be rate-limiting for gluconeogenesis. 6.
      Pyruvate recycling was estimated from the (14)C yield from [1-(14)C]propionate in
      lactate and glucose to be 10-30% of the flux of phosphoenolpyruvate to glucose.
      The further addition of NH(4)Cl more than doubled the recycling of pyruvate. 7.
      [1,4-(14)C]Succinate was rapidly metabolized by hepatocytes. About 20% of the
      radioactivity was recovered in glucose, indicating that succinate is also
      metabolized by intact (non-damaged) hepatocytes. 8. It is concluded that the
      metabolism of lactate by the liver is too complex to allow simple rate
      measurements with labelled compounds.

PMID- 687362
TI  - Some transport properties of resealed washed human erythrocyte membranes.
AB  - A comparison was made between the phosphate- and glucose-transport systems of
      intact erythrocytes and resealed washed membranes. Glucose transport exhibits
      identical properties in both cases, but the phosphate-transport system does not
      appear to have survived the membrane isolation procedure unaltered. Evidence is
      presented to support the suggestion that some form of structural perturbation has
      occurred to the protein mediator of phosphate exchange.

PMID- 687363
TI  - Bifunctional intercalation and sequence specificity in the binding of quinomycin
      and triostin antibiotics to deoxyribonucleic acid.
AB  - Quinomycin C, triostin A and triostin C are peptide antibiotics of the
      quinoxaline family, of which echinomycin (quinomycin A) is also a member. They
      all remove and reverse the supercoiling of closed circular duplex DNA from
      bacteriophage PM2 in the fashion characteristic of intercalating drugs, and the
      unwinding angle at I 0.01 is, in all cases, almost twice that of ethidium. Thus,
      as with echinomycin, they can be characterized as bifunctional intercalating
      agents. For the triostins this conclusion has been confirmed by measurements of
      changes in the viscosity of sonicated rod-like DNA fragments; the helix extension
      was found to be almost double that expected for a simple monofunctional
      intercalation process. For triostin A, further evidence for bifunctionality was
      derived from the cross-over point of binding isotherms to nicked circular and
      closed circular bacteriophage-PM2DNA. Binding curves for the interaction of
      quinomycin C and triostin A with a variety of synthetic and naturally occurring
      nucleic acids were determined by solvent-partition analysis, but triostin C was
      too insoluble in aqueous solution to make this method applicable. For quinomycin
      C the highest binding constant was found with Micrococcus lysodeikticus DNA, and
      its pattern of specificity among natural DNA species was broadly similar to that
      of echinomycin, although the binding constants were 2--6 times as large. For
      triostin A the highest binding constant was again found for M. lysodeikticus DNA,
      but the specificity pattern was quite different from that of the quinomycins. In
      particular, triostin A bound better to poly(dA-dT) than to the poly(dG-dC)
      whereas this order was reversed for quinomycin C. There was also evidence that
      the binding to poly(dA-dT) might be co-operative in nature. No significant
      interaction could be detected with poly(dA).poly(dT) or with RNA from Escherichia
      coli. Poly(dG).poly(dC) gave variable results, depending on the source of the
      polymer. The different patterns of specificity displayed by the quinomycins and
      triostins are tentatively ascribed to differences in their conformations in
      solution.

PMID- 687364
TI  - Interaction between synthetic analogues of quinoxaline antibiotics and nucleic
      acids. Changes in mechanism and specificity related to structural alterations.
AB  - The interaction with DNA of six chemically synthesized derivatives of the
      quinoxaline antibiotics was investigated. Five of the compounds bound only weakly
      to DNA or not at all; for these substances spectrophotometric measurements,
      sedimentation studies with closed circular duplex bacteriophage-PM2 DNA and
      thermal-denaturation profiles were used to determine limits fot the binding
      constants. No interaction could be detected with two products of degradation of
      echinomycin (quinomycin A), one of which, echinomycinic acid dimethyl ester, had
      the lactone linkages opened, whereas the other retained an intact octapeptide
      ring but had a broken cross-bridge. The other compounds studied were des-N
      tetramethyl-triostin A ('TANDEM') and its derivatives. A derivative of 'TANDEM'
      IN WHICH benzyloxycarbonyl moieties replace both quinoxaline chromophores had
      binding constants to nucelic acids in the range 10(2)--10(3)-1, whereas no
      interaction could be detected for a benzyloxycarbonyl derivative that, in
      addition, had the cross-bridge broken. The derivative of 'TANDEM' with L-serine
      in place of D-serine in both positions showed no detectable interaction with
      Clostridium perfringens DNA, whereas the binding constant to poly(dA-dT) was
      approx 2 X 10(3)M-1. 'TANDEM' itself bound strongly to DNA, and the bathochromic
      and hypochromic shifts in its u.v.-absorption spectrum in the presence of DNA
      were similar to those seen with echinomycin. From the effect on the sedimentation
      coefficient of closed circular duplex bacteriophage-PM2 DNA the mechanism of
      binding was shown to involve bifunctional intercalation, typical of the naturally
      occurring quinoxaline antibiotics. Solvent-partition analysis was used to
      determine binding constants for the interaction between 'TANDEM' and a variety of
      natural and synthetic DNA species. The pattern of specificity thus revealed
      differed markedly from that previously found with the naturally occurring
      quinoxaline antibiotics. Most striking was the evident large preference for (A +
      T)-rich DNA species, in complete contrast with echinomycin and triostin A. The
      highest binding constant was found for poly(dA-dT), the interaction with which
      appeared highly co-operative in character. The conformations adopted by those
      quinoxaline compounds that bind strongly to DNA were examined withe aid of
      molecular models on the basis of results derived from n.m.r. and computer
      studies. It appears that the observed patterns of base-sequence specificity are
      determined, at least in part, by the structure and conformation of the sulphur
      containing cross-bridge.

PMID- 687366
TI  - A defined molecular-weight distribution of deoxyribonucleic acid after extensive
      sonication.
AB  - Concentrated solutions of low-molecular-weight DNA (Mw=35000) with a known
      molecular-weight distribution can be prepared in several hours, and require no
      additional fractionation procedures. This is achieved by sonication of the DNA in
      1.0 M-NaCl at high power at 0--2 degrees C. No denaturation of the DNA is
      detectable, even after 8h of continuous sonication. After 2h, the molecular
      weight distribution of the total DNA sample is that of the most probably Schulz
      distribution, described by-Mn:-Mw:-Mz ...=1:2:3 ...etc. Such a molecular-weight
      distribution is expected for a random break-up of indefinitely long
      macromolecules and indicates that the sonication process is essentially by random
      double-strand scission. DNA was also sonicated in the presence of ligands capable
      of modifying the DNA tertiary structure. The results support the idea that
      inflexibility of the DNA is required for efficient sonic degradation.

PMID- 687367
TI  - The similarity of the two high-molecular-weight polypeptides of erythrocyte
      spectrin.
AB  - 1. The two major polypeptides (P1 and P2) of erythrocyte-membrane spectrin were
      isolated by preparative polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. 2. The two
      polypeptides were shown to possess similar amino acid compositions, both with the
      characteristically high glutamate and leucine contents of the parent spectrin. 3.
      The tryptic-peptide 'maps' of the two polypeptides were prepared by a combination
      of t.l.c. and electrophoresis. 4. Radioactive peptides were prepared by
      [14C]carboxymethylation and chloramine-T-catalysed [125I]iodination. 5. 'Maps' of
      both sets of peptides demonstrate a marked similarity between the two
      polypeptides. 6. These new data confirm earlier evidence for the similarity of
      the two chains. 7. The number of peptides in the 'maps' of carboxymethylated
      peptides suggest that polypeptides P1 and P2 are not aggregates.

PMID- 687365
TI  - Isolation and characterization of isocitrate lyase from a thermophilic Bacillus
      sp.
AB  - Isocitrate lyase was isolated in homogeneous state from a thermophilic Bacillus.
      The enzyme has a mol.wt. of 180000 and a pI of 4.5 and contains threonine as the
      N-terminal residue. It resembles in size the cognate enzyme from the mesophilic
      bacterium Pseudomonas indigofera, but is smaller than the enzyme from the
      eukaryotic fungus Neurospora crassa. All three lyases are tetramers and similar
      in amino acid composition, but the thermophile enzyme is distinctive from its
      mesophilic coutnerparts in possessing a lower catalytic-centre activity, greater
      resistance to chemical and thermal denaturation and fewer thiol groups and in
      being strongly activated by salts. Salt activation, by 0.4M-KCl, is about 3-fold
      at 30 degrees C and pH 6.8 and weakens progressively as the temperature or pH is
      raised. The activation is probably due to a change in the enzyme conformation
      caused by the electrolyte modifying the interaction between charged groups or
      between hydrophobic groups in protein. The possible significance of the salt
      activation, of the relative paucity of thiol groups and of the greater resistance
      to chemical denaturants is discussed. Besides its effect on the Vmax., KCl
      produces large increases in the magnitude of several kinetic parameters. A rise
      in reaction temperature from 30 to 55 degrees C produces a somewhat similar
      result. In view of these peculiar features, the patterns of inhibition of enzyme
      activity by compounds such as succinate and phosphoenolpyruvate were examined at
      30 and 55 degrees C in the presence and absence of KCl.

PMID- 687368
TI  - Characterization of proteoglycan and the proteoglycan--hyaluronic acid complex by
      electric birefringence.
AB  - An electric field causes partial alignment of macromolecules in a dilute
      solution. The accompanying changes in the solution birefringence offer a
      sensitive and quick means of monitoring the rates of particle orientation and
      hence the size of the solute molecules. Such measurements are reported for dilute
      solutions of proteoglycans in the absence and presence of added hyaluronic acid.
      The proteoglycan molecules are shown to be some 580 nm long. In the presence of
      hyaluronic acid they form aggregates that appear to be consistent with the model
      previously proposed in which the proteoglycans attach radially to the extended
      hyaluronic acid chain. The electric-birefringence relaxation rates indicate
      aggregates of similar length to that of the extended hyaluronic acid chain, with
      the proteoglycans spaced on average at 29nm intervals. A proteoglycan sample the
      cystine residues of which had been reduced and alkylated showed no evidence of
      aggregation with hyaluronic acid up to the concentrations of the acid
      corresponding to 1% of the total uronic acid content. The electric-birefringence
      method is shown to have a large potential in the study of associating
      polysaccharide solutions.

PMID- 687369
TI  - Blood-group-Ii-active gangliosides of human erythrocyte membranes.
AB  - More than ten new types of gangliosides, in addition to haematoside and
      sialosylparagloboside, were isolated from human erythrocyte membranes. These were
      separated by successive chromatographies on DEAE-Sephadex, on porous silica-gel
      columns and on thin-layer silica gel as acetylated compounds. Highly potent blood
      group-Ii and moderate blood-group-H activities were demonstrated in some of the
      ganglioside fractions. The gangliosides incorporated into
      cholesterol/phosphatidylcholine liposomes stoicheiometrically inhibited binding
      of anti-(blood-group I and i) antibodies to a radioiodinated blood-group-Ii
      active glycoprotein. The fraction with the highest blood-group-I-activity, I(g)
      fraction, behaved like sialosyl-deca- to -dodeca-glycosylceramides on t.l.c.
      Certain blood-group-I and most of the -i determinants were in partially or
      completely cryptic form and could be unmasked by sialidase treatment. Thus the I
      and i antigens, which are known to occur on internal structures of blood-group
      ABH-active glycoproteins in secretions, also occur in the interior of the
      carbohydrate chains of erythrocyte gangliosides.

PMID- 687370
TI  - Inactivation and modification of lactate oxidase with fluorodinitrobenzene.
AB  - 1. Dinitrophenylation of 2 +/- 0.2mol of residues/mol of enzyme-bound FMN
      resulted in the complete inactivation of the flavoenzyme L-lactate oxidase. 2.
      Hydrolysates of the inactivated enzyme contained 1mol each of Nim-Dnp-histidine
      (abbreviation: Dnp-,2,4-dinitrophenyl-; Nim indicates that either of the N atoms
      in the imidazole ring is substituted) and epsilon-Dnp-lysine/mol of FMN. 3.
      Competitive inhibitors decreased the extent of inactivation to a 10% loss of
      activity, and dinitrophenylation was decreased from 2 to approx. 0.5mol/mol of
      FMN. Only Nim-Dnp-histidine was detected in the hydrolysates. 4. Although the
      dinitrophenylated enzyme did not possess enzyme activitiy, L-lactate reduced
      approx. 50% of the enzyme-bound flavin slowly (0.6min-1), and approx. 50% of the
      flavin in the modified enzyme-bound flavin slowly (0.6min-1), and approx. 50% of
      the flavin in the modified enzyme formed a complex with bisulphite. 6. The
      modified enzyme (2mol of Dnp/mol of FMN) was unable to bind substrate analogues
      and competitive inhibitors.

PMID- 687371
TI  - Inaccuracies in measurement of conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin in bile with
      ethyl anthranilate diazo and solvent-partition methods.
AB  - A criticial evaluation was made of the ethyl anthranilate diazo and two solvent
      partition methods for the determination of conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin
      in human and rat bile. The ethyl anthranilate diazo reagent, which reacts only
      with conjugated bilirubin in serum, also diazotized a variable proportion of
      unconjugated bilirubin in bile and thus overestimated the concentration of
      monoconjugates. With the Weber-Schalm and modified Folsch solvent-partition
      methods applied to human or rat bile, 4--9% of added 14C-labelled unconjugated
      bilirubin partitioned with the conjugated bilirubin in the upper phase, and 4--9%
      of added 14C-labelled conjugated bilirubin partitioned into the lower phase. With
      dog bile, the spill-over of 14C-labelled bilirubin into the lower phase was 9-
      11%. Analysis of azopigments from the Weber-Schalm partition confirmed that over
      two-thirds of the bilirubin in the lower phase represents monoconjugates,
      principally the less-polar monoxylosides and monoglucosides. These solvent
      partition methods thus overestimate the concentration of unconjugated bilirubin
      in bile.

PMID- 687373
TI  - Primary structure of the major beta-chain of rat haemoglobins.
AB  - The amino acid sequence of the major beta-chain, (II)beta, from rat haemoglobins
      was established with an automated sequencer. Amino acid heterogeneities were
      found that appear to result from allelic variation at particular residues. We
      applied several new or unusual techniques in determining the sequence: (1)
      reaction of the polypeptide with dansylaziridine for detection of cysteine; (2)
      blockage of the N-terminal residue and the epsilon-amino group of lysine residues
      with 1-fluoro-2-nitro-4-trimethylammoniobenzene iodide and subsequent
      identification of the modified lysine phenylthiohydantoin by absorbance at 420nm;
      (3) identification of histidine phenylthiohydantoin by its blue fluorescence
      under long-wave u.v. light; (4) cleavage of the chain into two or three fragments
      and subsequent sequencing without purification [a detailed statement giving the
      major phenylthiohydantoins assigned at each step for each sequence run before
      their alignment in individual sequences has been deposited as Supplementary
      Publication SUP 50084 (10 pages) at the British Library Lending Division, Boston
      Spa, Wetherby, West Yorkshire LS23 7BQ, U.K., from whom copies can be obtained on
      the terms indicated in Biochem. J. (1978) 169, 5]; (5) separation of fragments
      produced by CNBr cleavage by cation-exchange chromatography; (6) peptide
      sequencing after attachment of the peptide to cytochrome c. The amino acid
      sequence was confirmed by amino acid compositions of the complete chain, of CNBr
      fragments 1 and 3, and of 11 purified tryptic peptides.

PMID- 687372
TI  - Involvement of deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase beta in nuclear deoxyribonucleic
      acid synthesis.
AB  - The effects on DNA synthesis in vitro in mouse L929-cell nuclei of differential
      extraction of DNA polymerases alpha and beta were studied. Removal of all
      measurable DNA polymerase alpha and 20% of DNA polymerase beta leads to a 40%
      fall in the replicative DNA synthesis. Removal of 70% of DNA polymerase beta
      inhibits replicative synthesis by 80%. In all cases the nuclear DNA synthesis is
      sensitive to N-ethylmaleimide and aCTP (arabinosylcytosine triphosphate), though
      less so than DNA polymerase alpha. Addition of deoxyribonuclease I to the nuclear
      incubation leads to synthesis of high-molecular-weight DNA in a repair reaction.
      This occurs equally in nuclei from non-growing or S-phase cells. The former
      nuclei lack DNA polymerase alpha and the reaction reflects the sensitivity of DNA
      polymerase beta to inhibiton by N-ethylmaleimide and aCTP.

PMID- 687374
TI  - Blood-group-I activity associated with band 3, the major intrinsic membrane
      protein of human erythrocytes.
AB  - Affinity chromatography of radioiodinated solubilized erythrocyte stroma and of
      radioiodinated purified Band 3 on an anti-(blood-group I)-adsorbent column showed
      blood-group-I activity associated with a subpopulation of Band 3. The specificity
      of binding was confirmed by inhibition with known blood-group substances in
      radioimmunoassays.

PMID- 687375
TI  - Diffusional increase and decrease in half-maximal-activity substrate
      concentrations with two-substrate enzymic reactions.
AB  - Diffusional effects on two-substrate enzymic reactions mainly depend on the
      relative affinities of the enzyme for its two substrates. With two substrates of
      widely different affinities, diffusional limitations increase and decrease the
      half-maximal-activity concentration of the high-and low-affinity substrate
      respectively.

PMID- 687376
TI  - A spectrophotometric method for the detection of contaminant chymopapains in
      preparations of papain. Selective modification of one type of thiol group in the
      chymopapains by a two-protonic-state reagent.
AB  - A simple spectrophotometric method for the detection of chymopapains A and B,
      contaminants in some preparations of papain (EC 3.422.2), was devised. If the
      amount of rapidly reacting thiol in the preparation, as determined by increase in
      A343 consequent on reaction with the two-protonic-state thiol titrant, 2,2' 
      dipyridl disulphide, is greater at PH8-9 than at pH4, contamination by the
      chymopapains is in dicated.

PMID- 687377
TI  - Heparin-sepharose 4B at low temperatures retains ribosomes.
AB  - Ribosomes were separated by zonal ultracentrifugation from the fraction of
      reticulocyte postmitochondrial supernatants retained on heparin bound to
      Sepharose 4B at 4 degrees C. No ribosomes were retained at 22 degrees C.
      Ribosomes were also adsorbed on Sepharose 4B and 6B at low temperatures and could
      be eluted after increasing the column temperature.

PMID- 687378
TI  - Thermodynamics for the interaction of epsilon-dinitrophenyl-L-lysine and bovine
      colostral anti-dinitrophenyl immunoglobulin G2.
AB  - The effect of varying the temperature over a wide range (4--60 degrees C) on the
      binding of epsilon-dinitrophenyl-L-lysine to bovine colostral anti-dinitrophenyl
      immunoglobulin G2 yielded a non-linear van't Hoff plot. The extent of curvature
      was indicative of a large positive heat-capacity change, and the thermodynamic
      parameters, calculated by using a non-linear least squares computer procedure,
      revealed an enthalpy--entropy-compensation mechanism for hapten-antibody binding.
      The enthalpy factor was found to be the primary contributor for the complex
      formation at low temperatures, but at increasing temperatures the entropy factor
      assumed greater importance. At physiological temperature (39 degrees C), the
      entropy factor was the major contributor to the free energy of reaction.

PMID- 687379
TI  - Preparation of allosteric ribonuclease.
AB  - A method for the preparation of allosteric ribonuclease from bovine pancreas is
      described. The effects of freeze-drying ribonuclease from acid and alkaline
      solutions on plots of velocity versus substrate concentration for the hydrolysis
      of 2':3'-cyclic CMP are examined. Comparison of these plots with the plots
      obtained with severeal commercial enzyme preparations indicates that the
      conformation of the enzyme is dependent on the method of preparation. Aging
      experiments demonstrate that further conformational changes occur at different
      rates, depending on the methods of storage. Results suggest that the allosteric
      behaviour of ribonuclease has not always been observed with commercial
      preparations, owing to variations in methods of preparation and storage of the
      enzyme.

PMID- 687381
TI  - Retention of nitrosamines within the respiratory tract.

PMID- 687380
TI  - The amino acid sequence of the tryptic peptides from actinidin, a proteolytic
      enzyme from the fruit of Actinidia chinensis.
AB  - The amino acid sequences of the tryptic peptides of the thiol proteinase
      actinidin from Actinidia chinensis were determined by the manual dansyl--Edman
      procedure. There are 12 tryptic peptides, which give a polypeptide chain of 220
      residues with a mol.wt. of 23500. An alignment of the tryptic peptides was made
      by using the X-ray-crystallographic data of Baker [(1977) J. Mol. Biol. 115, 263-
      277] determined at 0.28 nm resolution on crystalline actinidin. Detailed evidence
      for the amino acid sequences of the tryptic peptides has been deposited as
      Supplementary Publication SUP 50083 (14 pages) at the British Library Lending
      Division, Boston Spa, Wetherby, West Yorkshire LS23 7BQ, U.K., from whom copies
      can be obtained on the terms indicated in Biochem. J. (1978) 169, 5.

PMID- 687382
TI  - [Inflammatory complications following therapy for gynecologic cancer using
      ionizing radiation (proceedings)].

PMID- 687383
TI  - An experiment in training high school students as health education aides in the
      US.

PMID- 687384
TI  - Differential oxygen utilization in the stomach during vasopressin and tourniquet
      ischemia.

PMID- 687385
TI  - Enzymatic preparation of the 5'-triphosphates of 2'-deoxytubercidin, 2'
      deoxytoyocamycin, and 2'-deoxyformycin and the allosteric effects of these
      nucleotides on ribonucleotide reductase.

PMID- 687386
TI  - Childhood Hodgkin's disease in Uganda: a ten year experience.
AB  - Between 1967 and 1977, 48 patients with Hodgkin's disease under 16-years-old were
      treated with MOPP chemotherapy alone at the Uganda Cancer Institute because
      radiotherapy facilities are not available. Thirty-eight percent had early stage
      disease (stages I-IIIA). Prolonged first remissions were achieved in 74% of 42
      complete responders. Of 11 patients who relapsed, 5 had prolonged second
      remissions induced by MOPP. Three patients were lost to follow-up and 15 of the
      remaining 45 died: 12 of these from progressive Hodgkin's disease, 2 from
      unrelated causes and 1 from Burkitt's lymphoma after 4 months remission from
      Hodgkin's disease. Acturial survival for all patients is 67% (75% for stages I
      IIIA and 60% for stages IIIB-IV). Treatment complications included Herpes zoster
      and gynaecomastia. The latter is probably related to gonadal dysfunction. All
      stages of childhood Hodgkin's disease can be successfully managed with MOPP
      chemotherapy alone.

PMID- 687388
TI  - Is protein turnover thermodynamically controlled?
AB  - A parametric correlation (p less than 0.01) has been found between the in vitro
      thermal stability and in vivo turnover rates of nine intracellular proteins.
      These results are discussed in terms of a "thermodynamic" model for turnover
      control, in which the rate of intracellular protein degradation is controlled by
      intramolecular conformation equilibria. A peculiar exception is provided by
      glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase which is stable in vivo, but not in
      vitro.

PMID- 687387
TI  - The determination of the free magnesium level in the human red blood cell by 31P
      NMR.
AB  - The phosphorus NMR spectra of intracellular ATP in glycolyzing human red blood
      cells maintained at 37 degrees C in an atmosphere containing 5% CO2 have been
      obtained and quantitated under completely aerobic and anaerobic conditions. A
      comparison of the separation between the alphaP and betaP resonances and the
      alpha-beta and beta-gamma 31P spin-spin coupling constants of intracellular ATP
      with appropriate controls directly reveals that 84 +/- 4% and 78 +/- 4% of the
      total ATP are complexed to Mg2+ in the aerobic and anaerobic states of the cell,
      respectively. This determination does not differentiate between molecules free in
      solution and those bound to hemoglobin due to rapid exchange on the NMR time
      scale of free and complexed ATP. From these data and the prior knowledge of the
      interactions of various phosphorylated metabolites with hemoglobin and Mg2+, the
      intracellular concentration of free Mg2+ is determined to be 0.25 +/- 0.07 mM in
      the aerobic and 0.67 +/- 0.15 mM in the anaerobic state in a sample of normal red
      blood cells. Knowledge of free Mg2+ permitted a calculation of the distribution
      of ATP, ADP, glycerate-2,3-P2, and hemoglobin among their free and complexed
      forms. The results indicate that approximately 40% of the glycerate-2,3-P2 and
      ATP are complexed to hemoglobin even in aerobic cells and approximately 90% and
      approximately 60%, respectively, in completely anaerobic cells. The level of free
      ATP decreases 3-fold anaerobically whereas the MgATP changes very little. The
      intracellular level of MgADP increases about 2-fold upon deoxygenation. Since the
      Mg2+ in the red cell is largely complexed, the 3-fold increase in free Mg2+ under
      fully anaerobic conditions would significantly affect the rates of enzymatic
      reactions.

PMID- 687389
TI  - Blood-collecting methodology does not affect the maturational pattern of serum
      hormone concentrations (testosterone, LH, FSH and prolactin) in the male rat.
AB  - Serum hormone levels of blood collected within 1 min by cardiac puncture
      following ether anesthesia were compared to those of blood collected by
      decapitation in male rats 30, 60, and 90 days of age. Neither testosterone (T)
      nor LH was affected by the method of blood collection. Serum FSH was
      significantly elevated in blood collected by cardiac puncture, and 30-day old
      rats were the most sensitive to this effect. Serum prolactin (Prl) was
      significantly elevated in all age groups when blood was collected by cardiac
      puncture. Both blood-collecting methods demonstrated that, in the 3 ages tested,
      serum T increased with age, LH and FSH decreased with age, and Prl did not change
      with age, indicating that blood collection by cardiac puncture is as valid a
      method as is decapitation for assessing serum hormone levels during maturation.

PMID- 687390
TI  - Myelin lipids in cyanide encephalopathy.

PMID- 687391
TI  - Interactions of catecholaminergic receptor blockers with lethal doses of
      amphetamine or substituted amphetamines in mice.
AB  - Lethality to both isolated and aggregated mice was determined for graded i.p.
      doses of d-amphetamine, dl-4-methoxyamphetamine (PMA), dl-2,5
      dimethoxyamphetamine (DMA), dl-2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromoamphetamine (DOB), dl-2,5
      dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine (DOM) and d1-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA).
      Haloperidol (2.0 mg/kg), propranolol (10 mg/kg) and phenoxybenzamine (30 mg/kg)
      were tested for ability to antagonize the lethal effects of amphetamine and its
      derivatives. Considerable protection against amphetamine lethality was produced
      by haloperidol in both isolated and aggregated mice and by phenoxybenzamine in
      isolated mice, but propranolol was ineffective. An equivalent degree of
      protection was not achieved by use of any of the three agents before PMA, DMA or
      DOB. Protection against DOM was achieved only with phenoxybenzamine and only for
      isolated mice. Extensive protection against MDA was supplied by both
      phenoxybenzamine and propranolol for either condition of housing. Despite close
      structural relationships between the toxicants, the antidotal effectiveness of
      the receptor-blocking agents seemed quite limited and specific, and did not
      support any generalizations.

PMID- 687392
TI  - Calicivirus proteins in infected cells: evidence for a capsid polypeptide
      precursor.

PMID- 687393
TI  - Sustained ventricular tachycardia: evidence for protected localized reentry.
AB  - The components of the reentrant circuit were evaluated in 26 patients in whom
      sustained ventricular tachycardia could be reproducibly initiated or terminated,
      or both. Observations suggesting that the proximal His-Purkinje system was not a
      requisite component included (1) lack of requirement for retrograde His-Purkinje
      delay or bundle branck reentry, or both, for initiation of the tachycardia: (2)
      anterograde depolarization of the His bundle during ventricular tachycardial
      without alteration of the QRS configuration or cycle length; and (3) the presence
      of random retrograde His potentials during the tachycardia. Evidence that the
      reentrant circuit was localized to a small area of the ventricles included (1)
      the ability to capture large segments of the ventricles transiently or
      continuously with occurrence of intermittent or continuous supraventricular
      capture either spontaneously or with atrial pacing without effect on the
      tachycardia. These findings suggest that the reentrant circuit must be small,
      electrocardiographically silent and relatively protected.

PMID- 687394
TI  - The role of arteriography in abdominal aortic aneurysm.
AB  - The results of arteriography in the management of 100 consecutive patients with
      abdominal aortic aneurysms are presented. Arteriographic information had
      substantial influence upon management decisions and performance of surgery in 75
      per cent of cases. We found the preoperative knowledge of the precise vascular
      pathology or anatomic variants not only permitted a more rational recommendation
      for or against surgery but aided in the selection of the most suitable surgical
      procedure.

PMID- 687395
TI  - Histamine-, norepinephrine-, and dopamine-sensitive central adenylate cyclases:
      effects of chlorpromazine derivatives and butaclamol.
AB  - A series of recently available derivatives (quaternary and hydroxylated) of
      chlorpromazine (CPZ) and butaclamol were evaluated with respect to antagonism of
      norepinephrine- (NE) (rat cerebral cortex), dopamine- (DA) (rat striatum) and
      histamine- (H) sensitive (rabbit cerebral cortex) adenylate cyclases. With
      incubated tissue slices (rat and rabbit cortices) CPZ-CH3, 7-OH-CPZ-CH3, beta-OH
      CPZ and butaclamol displayed a capacity to inhibit either NE- or H- induced
      accumulation of adenosine cyclic 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP). With the broken
      cellular enzyme responsive to DA, rather potent inhibition of enzyme activity
      (IC50 less than 24 micron) occurred with butaclamol, beta-OH-CPZ, 7,8,beta-triOH
      CPZ, 7,8-dioxo-beta-OH-CPZ and 3,7,8-triOH-CPZ. It is concluded that the
      metabolites of CPZ contribute to the central therapeutic and/or side effects of
      the parent compound.

PMID- 687396
TI  - [The prevention of late psychological sequelae following therapeutic termination
      of pregnancy. The role of the doctor during consultations (author's transl)].
AB  - Legal termination of pregnancy only rarely has psychological sequelae, which
      furthermore are usually moderate and transitory. They are usually found in women
      who have been pressed to have a termination by third parties, in those women who
      are ambivalent as far as the termination is concerned, in those who submit to the
      operation because of a medical indication and in those women where there is a
      brittle psychological state before pregnancy. The author makes certain
      suggestions which should help to prevent psychological troubles developing in a
      certain number of cases.

PMID- 687397
TI  - [Transsphenoidal surgery in hypersecreting pituitary tumors: endocrine follow-up
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Among 18 patients suffering prolactin adenoma and 16 acromegalic patients, plasma
      levels of PRL and HGH respectively returned to normal vlues (PRL = 9 +/- 2 ng/ml
      HGH = 4.2 +/- 0.8 ng/ml) immediately after selective removal of the pituitary
      adenoma by transsphenoidal route. In all cases tumoral symptoms were reduced.
      Menses were recovered 36 +/- 5 days after surgery in all patients with prolactin
      adenoma. Pregnancy succeeded in nine of these women. Per-operative studies of HGH
      and PRL plasma variations proved to be of good prognostic value. The evaluation
      of the pituitary functions was performed before and after surgery. In no case
      pituitary deficiency occured after treatment. Furthermore the regulation of
      somatotropic and prolactin functions have been documented by the use of different
      provocative tests before and after treatment. They allow discussion of the
      pathogenecity of these hypersecreting tumors.

PMID- 687398
TI  - [Frequency of vulvovaginitis in girls with intestinal enterobiasis].
AB  - The study included 415 female patients with the diagnosis of enterobiasis seen at
      the Hospital del Nino, DIF. Vulvovaginitis was found in 78 cases (18%), with
      definite predominance in the school-age group. The clinical manifestations in
      order of frequency were: perianal and vulvar pruritus, abdominal pain, leukorrhea
      and vulvar edema. Graham's perianal and perineal smear method was performed with
      100% positiveness in personal and 85% in perineal smears. The treatment should be
      directed to improve the family sanitary habites and the prescription of the
      choice drug to the patient and to his family. The following drugs are quite as
      effective: piperazine citrate, pyrvinium pamoate, pyrantel pamoate and
      mebendazole. The physician should use the drug that better fits the patients
      convenience, keeping in mind the easy determination of the dose and the cost in
      order to offer the patient and his family the best choice.

PMID- 687399
TI  - [Aortopulmonary window vs. persistency of the arterial duct].
AB  - On review of the cases of congenital cardiopathies at Hospital General de Mexico,
      S.S.A., only one case of aortopulmonary fenestration was found and another case
      of persistence of the arterial duct that was confused with the first diagnosis.
      Both cases are reported. The world literature on the differential diagnosis of
      these two and of other malformations with similar clinical manifestations was
      reviewed. The physical examination of the precordial area and auscultation of
      murmurs are specially stressed as factors leading to a clinical suspicion of the
      aortopulmonary septal defect. Comments are made on the clinical hemodynamic
      course of these two entitites where electrocardiographic and radiological data
      are similar in both. Thorough hemodynamic studies, catheterization and selective
      angiography, supply anatomic and pathophysiological data to aid in the correct
      diagnosis.

PMID- 687400
TI  - [Treatment of Bell's palsy in pediatrics].
AB  - A series of 22 consecutive cases of idiopathic Bell's palsy are presented, 9
      patients obtained return to the normal facial function without treatment and 2
      more have had an importnat degree of recovery and it is expected they return to
      the normal facial function. Two cases did not show any recovery as they were
      cases with a chronic evolution and facial nerve degeneration. They did not
      receive any treatment. Facial nerve decompression was indicated in 8 cases; one
      hundred percent normal function was the result in 6 patients and a good result
      was obtained in the remaining 2 and complete recovery was expected shortly after.

PMID- 687401
TI  - [Cancer (present status)].
AB  - The basic biological aspects in relation to cancer are reviewed and how this
      concepts has influenced the rational treatment of this disease. The best results
      achieved in the treatment of cancer are obtained because of the use of a more
      radical treatment. And for the patients with not very advanced stages, the
      results have been improved with the prophylactic treatment on those areas where
      the tumor usually gives metastases. However, an early diagnosis and the proper
      treatment are the best way to obtain relieve in this group of patients.

PMID- 687403
TI  - [Progressive fibrodysplasia assificans].
AB  - A five years old patient with myositis ossificans progressiva is presented. This
      very rare disease is inherited as an autosomal dominant and it is characterized
      by an abnormality of the connective tissue, specifically, aponeurosis, fascias,
      tendons and ligaments; the muscle are secondarly affected.

PMID- 687402
TI  - [Osgood-Schlatter's disease].
AB  - Two patients with Osgood-Schlatter's disease studied at the Unidad de Pediatria
      Hospital General de Mexico are reported. Both with the same ago, sex and clinical
      symptoms. No surgery was performed. Several considerations are made on etiology,
      clinical, radiologic and histopathological aspects. Treatment is discussed and a
      complete review of medical literature is made.

PMID- 687404
TI  - [Main surgical entities in the newborn infant and general principles of
      management].
AB  - The present article describes the most important surgical pathology of the
      infant, who sometimes requires immediate management. The authors mention the
      essential points for diagnosis and treatment. The main purpose of this article is
      to emphasize the importance this knowledge has for the pediatrician and general
      practitioner, who have the first contact with these patients, and in whose hands
      rests an opportune diagnosis and surgical management.

PMID- 687405
TI  - [Hyperthrophic congenital pyloric stenosis].
AB  - An analysis is made of 18 cases with congenital pyloric stenosis, attended at the
      Hospital General de Mexico S.S.A. The discussion is focused toward: age, sex,
      clinical, laboratory data and radiological features. Literature to this respect
      is reviewed finding historical data, surgical techniques employed and etiological
      hypothesis. We conclude, that every physician who attends children must keep in
      mind that infants under four months of age, with a history of vomiting
      immediately after feeding, without biliar contents, progressive in frequency and
      intensity, accompanied by pyloric stenosis must be suspected. The clinical
      examination must be directed to finding peristalic waves and pyloric tumor.
      Pyloromyotomy is the treatment in all cases. The prognosis should be favorable if
      the diagnosis and correction are properly and promptly made.

PMID- 687406
TI  - [Prostatic-vesical rhabdomyosarcoma].

PMID- 687407
TI  - [The most important abdominal surgical emergencies in the newborn].
AB  - The neonatal period should be considered, in itself, as one of high risk, due to
      its natural anatomical and physiological lability. It is in this age, when
      characteristic pathological processes do occur, mainly digestive abnormalities,
      neonatal nectrotizing enterocolitis, Hirschsprung's disease and others. The
      authors report a four years statistical analysis in the Pediatric Surgery Service
      of the General Hospital "La Raza" Medical Center. There were 126 patients
      operated in the neonatal period. The treatment given in each case and the results
      obtained were compared with reports from the international literature.

PMID- 687408
TI  - [Program of integral general medicine].
AB  - This paper intends to present to all the medical profession, but more
      specifically to the Medican and Latin American medical workers and authorities,
      the main purposes that arm and give structure to a new concept of teaching and
      learning medicine called, "Integral General Medicine" (also known as "Plan A
      36"). This plan in basically conceived for Mexico and most of Latin American
      countries, but may be applied to any other. The main idea is to keep the students
      in close contact with the community in order to achieve the best of their
      knowledge, both theoretically and practically, since the very early stages of
      their entrance to the medical school. The whole scholarship curriculum is
      described with reference to every one of the four academic years that accomplish
      the program.

PMID- 687409
TI  - [Community in medical education programs of integral general medicine].
AB  - This paper includes the chief considerations about the community work in the
      Integral General Medicine Program Called Plan A36. General considerations are
      made abour the four years of trainign program in which the medical student in
      exposed to be in close contac with the most common medical and health problems in
      his country, and during this period of time, he becomes capable to develop all
      the techniques to act as a primary contac physicain.

PMID- 687410
TI  - [Control of the healthy child as part of the community medicine].
AB  - The authors recommend the need to control the healthy child who periodically
      attends the pediatrician's or the general practitioner's office, stressing the
      importance to practice medicine at a primary level without waiting to produce a
      diagnosis when the disease has reached a dangerous point or else, when unwanted
      sequels have been established.

PMID- 687411
TI  - [Epidemiological survey of vaccination].
AB  - This paper presents the results obtained in an epidemiological survey conducted
      at Unidad de Pediatria del Hospital General de Mexico, S.S.A., in 1,009 patients,
      randomly selected. The routine immunization schedule, followed in Mexico during
      the last few years was investigated. The results are presented for every one of
      the vaccines, according with the age periods. Considering the group as a whole,
      the results are significantly low, as far as the recommended standards pretend.
      It is concluded that it is necessary to strengthen the vaccination program in
      this country, in order to avoid the possibilities of new breaks of epidemics
      related with this marked lack of immunization in the community.

PMID- 687412
TI  - [Tracheotomy].
AB  - This work deals with a review of the main aspects involved in the practice of
      tracheostomy which could be considered an easy procedure; however, the fact is
      that errors are continuously observed when it is indicated or performed;
      likewise, many mistakes are made during the care of the patient with a
      tracheostomy. If all this aspects are of importance in the adult, this importance
      increases in the child because of the great anatomical and physiological
      differences which always should be kept in mind in order to avoid complications
      of the procedure.

PMID- 687413
TI  - [Intestinal pneumatosis in pediatrics. Report of 72 cases].
AB  - We analyzed 72 cases of pneumatosis intestinalis at the Hospital Infantil de
      Mexico during a 32 years period. We found the higehst incidence in children under
      6 months of age. In the new-born period, the entity is associated with
      necrotizing entrocolitis and in the older children group, this alteration is
      associated with gastroenteritis. The diagnosis was made by radiology in 93% of
      the cases and in 7%, it was made at the surgical event. We propose 3 mechanisms
      in the pathophysiology of the entity having all of them disruption of the
      integrity of the intestinal mucosa and higher pressure of the intraluminal gas.
      The mortality rate was high because we included cases from the initiation of the
      hospital's activities (1943). The conclusion is: 1) The prognosis is based on an
      early diagnosis. 2) It is imperative to take proper care of the complication. 3)
      It is also very important to give a rest for variable period of time to the
      injured intestine with parenteral feeding and eventually, elemental feeding.

PMID- 687414
TI  - [The placenta from the pediatric point of view].
AB  - The integrity of the placenta is subject to numerous pathological processes that
      may make it less efficient, affecting the growth and development of the fetus.
      Some of these processes have been pointed out to illustrate the fact that
      perinatal evaluation is incomplete when placental examination is absent. The
      understanding of many perinatal events will be facilitated when this organ has
      been more routinely examined and the findings correlated with materno-fetal
      history and infant development.

PMID- 687416
TI  - [Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and scleromalacia perforans].
AB  - A 13 year-old-boy with poliarticular seronegative juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
      (JRA) and bilateral scleromalacia perforans is described. Ocular lesions were
      thought to be seconadry to vasculitis. Improvement was obtained with systemic and
      local corticosteroid therapy, and with subconjunctival auto-graft of fascia lata.
      This is the first report in the literature about scleromalacia perforans in JRA.

PMID- 687415
TI  - [A peculiar syndrome of congenital abnormalities].
AB  - Two cases of mental retardation distichia, blepharophimosis, blepharoptosis,
      synophrys, prominent and long phyllum, auricular defects, palmar simial crease,
      clinodactyly and lymphedema, in a child and his mother, is represented,
      suggesting a specific syndrome due to a genetic defect inherited in an autosomal
      dominant fashion. Two other cases with blepharophimosis, blepharoptosis,
      prominent and long phyllum and mental retardation are commented, suggesting a
      different expression of the same genetic defect.

PMID- 687417
TI  - [Transumbilical aortography in the newborn infant with abdominal tumor].
AB  - The use of the umbilical vessels to perform angiographic studies in the neonatal
      period, has been previously mentioned. In this paper, we present our experience
      in the use of this route to carry out aortography in the study of abdominal
      tumors. This method was performed in the last 2 years in 7 patients, ages 1 to 10
      days. The procedure is easy and of low cost and practically without complications
      if properly applied. We have now another method to evaluate abdominal masses in
      the newborn.

PMID- 687418
TI  - [Acute respiratory insufficiency in polyneuritis].
AB  - Lethality in polineuritis is directly related to severe respiratory distress. The
      latter dropped from 40 to 0% in severe types at Hospital de Pediatria del Centro
      Medico Nacional with the procedures of assistance to the positive pressure
      ventilation and tracheostomy. The application of pressure is offered to be given
      at the end of expiration to correct hypoxemia from short circuit due to decrease
      in V/Q relation PEEP in, Retrospective study of 13 cases.

PMID- 687419
TI  - [ Growth hormone in patients with diabetes mellitus of the juvenile type].
AB  - Blood glucose and growth hormone were measured in eight juvenile onset diabetic
      patients and in controls. Blood samples were obtained every 90--120 minutes for
      two consecutive days; in one of them, the patients received intermediate insulin,
      and in the other, they were also injected with additional doses of regular
      insulin, in order to improve their diabetic control. Normal subjects were studied
      in the same manner during 24 hs. without insulin. Diabetic patients showed
      significantly higher blood glucose and growth hormone levels when both insulins
      were used and only significantly higher blood glucose when they received
      intermediate insulin alone, than control subjects. They also showed significantly
      higher growth hormone and lower blood glucose levels on the day of intermediate
      insulin plus regular insulin than on the day of intermediate insulin. In two
      prebubertal controls, we observed growth hormone spurt only during sleep, while
      four adolescent controls showed it both while awake and asleep, as it was in all
      the diabetic patients we studied, including two prepubertal diabetics, one was 10
      years old, and the other 13 9/12, with Turner's syndrom untreated with sexual
      hormones. We discuss our findings comparing with present day knowledge on this
      field.

PMID- 687420
TI  - [Thrombocytosis in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis].
AB  - To find out the possible relationship between thrombocytosis and JRA, 2 to 11
      platelet counts (every 1 to 6 months) were  performed in each of 26 patients with
      active JRA, and were compared with figures for hemoglobin, WBC, sedimentation
      rate and articular index. Thrombocytosis was found in 88% of the cases. There was
      positive correlation, with statistical significance, among thrombocytosis,
      anemia, and sedimentation rate. Significant relationship was also found among
      thrombocytosis, the presence of articular inflammation and leukocytosis. There
      was no parallelism between platelets types of the disease. We conclude that in
      active JRA, thrombocytosis is a frequent finding in relation with anemia and the
      inflammatory activity of the disease.

PMID- 687421
TI  - [Congenital pulmonary cysts].
AB  - The clinical and surgical experience on congenital pulmonary cysts at the
      Hospital Infantil of Mexico was reviewed. No preponderance in sex or family
      inheritance was found. The clinical diagnosis was made in over one half of the
      patients and was confirmed in the 18 patients who were operated. Treatment should
      be surgical with resection of the affected pulmonary lobe. In some cases it was
      possible to excise only the pumonary cyst, without total removal of the lobe.
      Mortality resulted in three of the surgical patients. The most frequent pulmonary
      cysts in this series were the bronchogenic and patients with parasitic cysts,
      lobe emphysema and pulmonary sequestrum were excluded.

PMID- 687422
TI  - [Seasonal variations in ascorbic acid concentration in children from Mexico
      City].
AB  - With the purpose of finding out whether the concentration of ascorbic acid in the
      serum in children suffered significant variations through the different months of
      the year, 301 blood samples were studied; 108 were studied in the month of
      January; 92 in the month of May and 101 in September. No statistically important
      difference was found after comparing the averages corresponding to the 3 samples
      studied. However, the analysis of the concentration of ascorbic acid in terms of
      the ages of the patients showed an unquestionable seasonal variation in the sera
      corresponding to children under 3 years of age. This same age group showed the
      most significantly low averages through the different stages of the calendar
      year.

PMID- 687423
TI  - [Familial Pierre Robin's anomaly].
AB  - The present paper describes a family with daughter and son affected with clinical
      characteristics of Pierre Robin's anomaly. The pedigree suggests an autosomal
      recessive inheritance pattern. The authors mention that in order to have more
      genetic evidence on this trait, an extensive study of families, with at least one
      proband should be made for a correct genetic analysis.

PMID- 687424
TI  - [Basic diet in medicosurgical problems].
AB  - This review describes the chemical composition of the elemental diet and the
      metabolic findings which support its management in medical and surgical entities.
      The efficacy of the elemental diet has been reported in a variety of
      gastrointestinal problems and diseases characterized by an increase of the rate
      of body catabolism. The procedure used in the administration of this type of diet
      and the potential risk of complications in children are mentioned.

PMID- 687425
TI  - [Etiological factors in children with reading disorders].
AB  - Twenty-three children with reading retardation were studied from the etiological
      point of view, finding that 14 cases were associated with a low I. Q.; 5 with
      integrative defect of the C N S; 3 with sensorial defects; one with emotional
      conflicts and one with language duality. Reading retardation; dyslexia;
      intellectual retardation; integrative defects of the CNS; sensorial defects;
      emotional conflicts; language duality.

PMID- 687426
TI  - [Infections in children with cancer].
AB  - In 38 patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia and Hodgkin's disease 60 episodes
      of infection were registered showing the unquestionable increased susceptibility
      to infections in these cases. In 90% of the patients the infectious focus was
      localized and the pulmonary showed to be the most frequent. The etiology of the
      infection was established in 53% of the episodes and the bacterial, both gram
      positive as gram-negative, showed the greatest frequency. In the second place
      came viral infections (measles and chicken-pox). Finally, two pathogenic agents,
      unusual in children without cancer were seen: Candida albicans and Pneumocystis
      carinii. Treatment was given according to the etiological agent. When it was not
      determined, methycillin-gentamicin was given and if the problem was pulmonary and
      response was not obtained within 4 to 6 days, trimetoprim-sulfametoxazole was
      chosen. Five children died as direct consequence of infection (13% of the
      patients), 2 of them (5%) without tumoral activity at that moment.

PMID- 687427
TI  - [Infant mortality in cuba; analysis of a program for its reduction (1970-1976)].
AB  - Analysis is made of the results of the reduction program of infantile mortality
      which began in 1970. Said reduction dropped from 38.7 in 1970 to 22.8 per
      thousand live births in 1976, for a diminution of 41.5%. The early neonatal
      decreased from 18.2 to 12.3 per thousand live births for a drop of 32.7%. The
      late noenatal decreased from 5.3 to 2.30/100 live births with 57.2% reduction and
      the postneonatal dropped from 15.2 to 8.2 per thousand live births for a
      diminution of 46.5%. Infantile mortality is reported for the different
      departments and the order in which the main causes of death are grouped is
      stressed as follows; 1st, perinatal affections (B43-B44); 2nd, congenital
      anomalies (B42); 3rd, influenza and pneumonia (B31-B32); 4th, enteritis and other
      acute diarrheal diseases (B4) AND 5th, sepsis (A21). The average number of
      puericulture office visits per infant under 1 year of age increased from 2.7 to
      6.7. Institutional births increased from 93.3 to 97.8%. The steps taken to
      achieve these results are described.

PMID- 687428
TI  - [Formation of the vascular network during development of the ciliary ganglion of
      the chick embryo].

PMID- 687429
TI  - [Testicular lesions in rats treated with an iron-chelating agent (alpha,alpha
      dipyridyl)].

PMID- 687430
TI  - [Pharmacological studies of the action of cetiedile on smooth muscle].

PMID- 687431
TI  - [Influence of hydrocortisone on the response of isolated coronary arteries to
      noradrenaline].

PMID- 687432
TI  - [Corneal reflex induced by electric stimulation of the cornea: preliminary data].

PMID- 687433
TI  - [Method of recording the corneal reflex in humans, using physiological
      stimulation].

PMID- 687434
TI  - [Pain perception during electric stimulation of the dental pulp].

PMID- 687435
TI  - [Circadian behavior of blood prolactin in patients with pituitary adenoma].

PMID- 687436
TI  - [Effects of benserazide administration on prolactin secretion].

PMID- 687437
TI  - [Gas chromatographic analysis of fatty acids in vesicular fluid in a case of
      hydatidiform mole].

PMID- 687438
TI  - [Behavior of pituitary secretion after acute cimetidine overload].

PMID- 687439
TI  - [Total lipids and lipid fractions in tissue extracts of Coregonus from Lake
      Nemi].

PMID- 687440
TI  - [Effects of submaxillary gland removal on the gonads in male mice].

PMID- 687441
TI  - Effect of inorganic phosphate on thiamin mono- and pyrophosphate
      dephosphorylation by homogenate of mucosal cells isolated from rat small
      intestine.

PMID- 687442
TI  - [Influence of aldosterone on the responses of segments of the isolated hepatic
      artery to noradrenaline in the presence of pyrogallol].

PMID- 687443
TI  - [Influence of aldosterone on responses of segments of isolated coronary artery to
      noradrenaline in the presence of pyrogallol].

PMID- 687444
TI  - [Influence of serotonin on the blood sugar in rats].

PMID- 687445
TI  - [Serotonin and blood levels of ATP, ADP and AMP in rats].

PMID- 687446
TI  - [Evidence of different phases of development of Mytilus galloprovincialis (Lam.)
      colonies of the gulf of Naples (Italy)].

PMID- 687447
TI  - [The protein content of mussels of the gulf of Naples under certain experimental
      conditions].

PMID- 687448
TI  - [Dietary and growth studies of a population of school children of insular Italy].

PMID- 687449
TI  - [Distribution of mitoses along the axis of the spinal cord rudiment. II. Spectral
      analysis].

PMID- 687450
TI  - [Different receptors on the same muscle cell].

PMID- 687451
TI  - [Histochemical study of some enzyme activities in the normal retina of
      experimental animals. I. Acid phosphatase; alkaline phosphatase].

PMID- 687452
TI  - [Effect of some pathological conditions on the enzyme activities of the rabbit
      retina, revealed by histochemistry].

PMID- 687453
TI  - [A highly specific, low-molecular-weight primer in stimulation of poly (A)
      polymerase in rat liver mitochondria. III. Insensitivity of the primer to
      exonucleases and endonucleases].

PMID- 687454
TI  - [Follow-up studies of 1000 intracranial saccular aneurysms after intracranial
      definitive surgery (author's transl)].

PMID- 687455
TI  - [Restoration of blood flow in experimental cerebral infarction (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 687456
TI  - [A case report of oculo-clonic epileptic seizure (author's transl)].

PMID- 687457
TI  - [Surgical treatment of internal carotid bifurcation aneurysm (author's transl)].

PMID- 687458
TI  - [Moyamoya phenomenon combined with cerebral aneurysm (author's transl)].

PMID- 687459
TI  - [Normal pressure hydrocephalus. Part 2. The evaluation of severity of cerebral
      dysfunction by measurement of "barrier ratio" and regional cerebral blood flow
      (author's transl)].
AB  - In the previous study, quantitative analysis of RI ventriculography was reported
      in fifty-three cases with chronic communicating hydrocephalus. In this study,
      according to the same criteria as that of previous report, fifty-three cases were
      divided into two groups, namely NPH group (twenty-seven cases) and control group,
      which were considered as mere chronic communicating hydrocephalus without and NPH
      chalacteristics. (twenty-six cases). Results of "barrier ratio (B.R.)"
      measurement and regional cerebral blood flow study in these cases are as follows:
      1) "Barrier ratio" using of 99mTcO4-: Concerning about B.R. of 99mTcO4- there was
      no significant difference between NPH and control group. However it tends to be
      that shunt surgery is not so effective in NPH cases in which B.R. shows
      abnormally low value. 2) rCBF by 133Xe clearance method: Regional cerebral blood
      flow was diffusely decreased in NPH patients, especially in its frontal area,
      suggesting the frontal area would be more severely damaged in NPH cases. These
      findings leads us to the conclusion that whether the shunt surgery might be
      effective or not depends on severity of cerebral dysfunction and the cerebral
      dysfunction is clearly evaluated by RI technique mentioned above.

PMID- 687460
TI  - [Brain tumor (author's transl)].

PMID- 687461
TI  - [Convexity cavernous hemangioma, its angiographic and CT findings. Report of a
      case (author's transl)].
AB  - A case of cavernous hemangioma which developed in the parietal convexity is
      reported. Angiography reveals that the mass is located extra-axially in the
      parietal convexity and the middle meningeal artery feeds the tumor. The feature
      of tumor stain is pooling or laking of contrast medium which is partially
      visualized even 10 minutes after injection of contrast medium. CT findings are
      almost identical to those of meningioma.

PMID- 687462
TI  - [Juvenile primary pontine hemorrhage (author's transl)].

PMID- 687463
TI  - [Cerebral hemodynamics in the vegetative state patients--relationship between
      patterns of dysautoregulation and prognosis (author's transl)].
AB  - The pathophysiological analysis of cerebral hemodynamic mechanisms and its
      metabolism in the vegetative patients was not enough until now. It was reported
      in this paper that the correlation between cerebral hemodynamics, metabolism and
      neurological function was analysed in 14 patients with vegetative state caused by
      cerebrovascular disorders. The materials consist of 14 vegetative patients due to
      7 hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage, 6 subarachnoid hemorrhage and one
      cerebral infarction. In all of them, the cerebral hemodynamics such as cerebral
      blood flow (CBF), CO2 reactivity and autoregulation, and cerebral metabolism were
      measured sequencially by 133Xe clearance methods. In the majority of cases, both
      values of mean hemispheric CBF and cerebral oxygen consumption (CMRO2) were
      markedly decreased with severe impairments of autoregulation and CO2 reactivity
      on the bilateral hemispheres but much more significatly on the affected
      hemispheres. Futhermore, from view points of the pressureflow relationship in the
      CBF studies, the patterns of dysautoregulation could be classified into 2 types
      as follows; Type 1 is the complete loss type, which has no plateau formation in
      all ranging of systemic arterial blood pressure (SABP). Type 2 is the incomplete
      loss type with 2 subdivisions, in which the abnormal narrowing plateaus are
      recognized in relatively higher or lower range of SABP (called as the upper or
      the lower type of incomplete loss type respectively). And then, the phenomen,
      which we gave a term as "shift-off phenomenon", was recognized in 8 cases that
      the proper values of resting SABP was seated outside the plateau level of the
      auto-regulatory capacity. The correlation between CBF dynamics and the grade of
      vegetative state was analysed. In 2 cases with slight communications (vegetative
      grade1), mean hemispheric CBF value was 32.5 (ml/100 g/min.) and CMRO2 was 2.01
      (ml/100 g/min.) with the normal or the upper type in incomplete loss of
      dysautoregulation. In 3 cases of vegetative grade 2, who could slightly response
      to vocal order, mean CBF and CMRO2 showed 27.0 +/- 2.0 and 1.7 +/- 0.08
      respectively. In these cases, dysautoregulations with the upper type incomplete
      loss were recognized. In 3 cases of vegetative grade 3, who had only spontaneous
      movement of body and slight emotional expression but no response to vocal order,
      mean CBF was in 22.4 +/- 1.9 and CMRO2 in 1.28 +/- 0.21. The patterns of
      dysautoregulation showed the lower type of incomplete loss. We had experienced
      the shift-off phenomenon in all of 5 cases with the upper type of incomplete loss
      and in 3 of 7 cases with the lower type of incomplete loss dysautoregulation. As
      conclusion, in cases of vegetative grade 2 or 3 whose patterns of
      dysautoregulation are the upper or lower type of incomplete loss with the shift
      off pnenomenon, it would be a useful therapeutic method to get away from
      vegetative state that SABP could be corrected and controlled within the proper
      plateau level of autoregulation by the suitable administration of some vasoactive
      agents.

PMID- 687464
TI  - [Oculomotor palsy caused by aneurysms at the internal carotid-posterior
      communicating artery junction and its prognosis following intracranial surgery
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Sixty-three cases of an aneurysm at the internal carotid-posterior communicating
      artery junction with aneurysm-induced unilateral eye-lid ptosis, a symptom of the
      third nerve palsy, were described. 1) The incidence of this palsy in 189 cases of
      the aneurysm was thirty-three percent. 2) The palsy before the aneurysm rupture
      was recognized in three cases (5 percent). The onset of this palsy following an
      aneurysm rupture was most frequent in the first day and in almost half of the
      patients within two days, but in four cases the palsy appeared three or four
      weeks after the aneurysm rupture. 3) The size and direction of the growth of the
      aneurysms in carotid angiograms were compared between palsy and non-palsy groups
      and there were no significant differences between them. 4) Thirty-one patients
      who had had a palsy before direct aneurysm surgery were followed one to ten years
      post-operatively. In twenty-three (74 percent), the unilateral eye-lid ptosis was
      recovered by the follow-up. In eleven of the twelve cases operated within two
      weeks after the onset, the palsy was recovered. On the other hand, in seven of
      eight not-recovered cases there was a delay of more than two weeks before
      operation.

PMID- 687465
TI  - [A clinical study on vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage using the ratio
      of inner diameters of cerebral arteries to the ganglionic portion of internal
      carotid artery (author's transl)].

PMID- 687466
TI  - [Sturge-Weber syndrome associated with atlanto-occipital assimilation: a report
      of a case (author's transl)].
AB  - A unique association of Sturge-Weber syndrome and atlanto-occipital assimilation
      is presented. A 18-year-old male was admitted in emergency because of the sudden
      severe headache and vomiting. He had vascular nevus in the right half of the face
      at birth and several episodes of generalized convulsive seizures. On admission
      craniogram demonstrated calcification in the right occipital area. Neurological
      examination revealed tenderness in the nuchal region, moderate limitation of
      cervical mobility in a antero-posterior direction, Bruns-Cushing type nystagmus,
      bilaterally diminished gag reflex, and positive Romberg's test. Spinal tap showed
      crystal clear CSF with normal pressure. EEG showed paroxysmal slowing focus in
      the right parieto-occipital area. Polytomography of the craniovertebral junction
      demonstrated the unilateral atlanto-occipital assimilation on the left associated
      with the aplasia of the right posterior arch. Myelography was negative. A right
      carotid angiography disclosed the dilatation of the basal vein of Rosenthal and
      abnormal venous vasculature. CT-scan demonstrated the calcified region of the
      right occipital area more distinctly than the plain roentogenogram, but the
      enhancement study of the leptomeningeal angioma of the Sturge-Weber syndrome was
      negative. Never been found this rare association in a review of the literature,
      the authors discussed the clinical and radiological findings of both diseases.

PMID- 687467
TI  - The Evan Bedford Library of Cardiology and its catalogue.

PMID- 687468
TI  - Arterial hypertension in immediate postoperative period after valve replacement.
AB  - Paroxysmal hypertension occurred during the first 8 hours after cardiac valve
      replacement in 15 of 186 consecutive patients. The clinical characteristics of
      this hypertension were similar to those of hypertension after myocardial
      revascularization, except that this complication occurred much less frequently
      after valve replacement (8.1%) than after myocardial revascularisation (33%) (P
      less than 0.001). Hypertension resulting from hypoxia, hypercapnia, shivering, or
      arousal from anaesthesia was excluded from consideration. The rise in systemic
      arterial pressure (average 34/35 mmHg +/- 4.9/4.3 SE) was usually associated with
      a reduction in central venous pressure (12/15 patients) and a mild increase (2 to
      4 cm saline) in left atrial pressure. The incidence of hypertension was not
      related to the valve replaced (aortic or mitral), type of lesion (stenosis or
      regurgitation), preoperative level of blood pressure, or use of hypothermia
      during operation. However, none of the 18 patients who had double valve
      replacement showed significant rise in blood pressure after operation. It is
      suggested that these hypertensive episodes may be related to pressor reflexes
      from the heart and/or great vessels.

PMID- 687469
TI  - Evidence for non-infiltrative cardiomyopathy in acute leukaemia and lymphoma. A
      clinical and echocardiographic study.

PMID- 687470
TI  - Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular function in Duchenne's muscular
      dystrophy.

PMID- 687471
TI  - Echocardiographic evaluation of extracardiac masses.

PMID- 687472
TI  - Non-invasive observations on initial low frequency vibrations of the first heart
      sound--correlation with the 'presystolic' murmur in mitral stenosis.
AB  - The initial low frequency component of the first heart sound, 'M', has been
      studied in normal subjects, and in patients with vario-s prosthetic mitral valves
      and with mitral stenosis, using simultaneous low frequency phonocardiography,
      echocardiography, and apex cardiography. The techniques showed 'M' to have a
      constant morphology in preisovolumic systole. In mitral stenosis, 'M' and the
      preisovolumic 'presystolic' murmur appear to be the same phonocardiographic
      phenomenon. While 'M' was present in sinus rhythm, augmentation of this normal
      vibration occurred particularly during the short cycles of atrial fibrillation.
      Leaflet coaption and movement of the ventricular wall as detected
      echocardiographically do not appear to play a role in its pathogenesis but the
      sound could emanate from the ventricular wall as it tautens and decreases its
      compliance at the onset of systole.

PMID- 687473
TI  - Abnormal left ventricular wall movement during early systole in patients with
      angina pectoris.

PMID- 687474
TI  - Bundle-branch block in the setting of acute anteroseptal myocardial infarction.
      Clinicopathological correlation.

PMID- 687475
TI  - Myocardial infarction among men below age 40.
AB  - Studies were made in Goteborg over a period of 6 years of all cases of acute
      myocardial infarction diagnosed among men below the age of 40. Thirty-six cases
      were registered and 8 of these died outside hospital. Three patients died early
      during the hospital stay. The remaining 25 patients were compared with a random
      sample from the general population in Goteborg with respect to conventional risk
      factors. Smoking, and high plasma cholesterol values were dominating findings
      among the patients, whereas there was no significant differences in blood
      pressure levels. Coronary angiography was performed in 18 patients of whom 2
      showed normal coronary arteries and left ventricular angiograms. These 2 patients
      were the only ones free from risk factors. Of the remaining 16 patients, 10 had
      only one vessel affected.

PMID- 687476
TI  - Ethnic group comparisons of variables associated with ischaemic heart disease.

PMID- 687477
TI  - Long-term oral antiarrhythmic therapy with mexiletine.
AB  - Forty-eight patients with ischaemic heart disease received oral mexiletine for
      the control or prevention of ventricular arrhythmias. The most frequently used
      doses were 200, 250, and 300 mg 8-hourly. The treatment period varied from 2 days
      to more than 1 year (median 3 months). No ventricular arrhythmias were detected
      in more than one-half of the patients. Severe side effects occurred in 15 (31%)
      of the 48 patients. Major ventricular arrhythmias were observed in 14 (29%) of
      the 48 patients at a time when the majority had plasma concentrations within the
      therapeutic range. The value of mexiletine in the management of patients at risk
      of sudden death is likely to be limited.

PMID- 687478
TI  - Heart type creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK MB) in acute cerebral disorders.
AB  - Heart type creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK MB) was detected in the serum in 23 out
      of 53 patients (43%) with acute cerebrovascular, traumatic, or infectious brain
      damage. Electrocardiogram disclosed abnormalities suggestive of acute myocardial
      injury in 15 of these 23 patients. Eleven of them also showed increased LD1
      activity. Subendocardial haemorrhage was detected in 3 out of 8 necropsied
      patients with serum CK MB activity. Among those 30 patients in whom no CK MB
      activity was found electrocardiographic abnormalities suggestive of acute
      myocardial injury were observed in 2 and increased LD1 was seen in 4 cases. The
      mortality was higher if either CK MB isoenzyme or electrocardiographic
      abnormalities suggestive of acute myocardial injury were present, compared with
      the patients lacking these signs (P less than 0.01). Present findings suggest
      that acute brain damage may secondarily  cause myocardial damage more often than
      has been believed before. Results also indicate that a combination of acute brain
      damage and acute myocardial injury often indicated a poor prognosis.

PMID- 687479
TI  - Re-entry via Mahaim fibres as a possible basis for tachycardia.
AB  - Paroxysmal tachycardia with widened QRS complexes was recorded in a 21-year-old
      man. In sinus rhythm there was no evidence of pre-excitation. His bundle studies
      revealed an abnormally short HV interval of 30 ms. Premature atrial stimuli
      produced an increased PR interval. At short coupling intervals the His bundle
      activity became incorporated within the QRS complex. Concurrently, a left bundle
      branch block pattern appeared identical to that seen during tachycardia. Closely
      coupled ventricular extrastimuli initiated a tachycardia identical to the initial
      episode. A re-entry mechanism via anterograde Mahaim fibres and retrograde His
      bundle -AV node pathway is postulated.

PMID- 687480
TI  - Non-invasive diagnosis of pseudoaneurysm of left ventricle.
AB  - A patient free of symptoms, with a pseudoaneurysm of the left ventricle after
      inferoposterolateral myocardial infarction, is reported. The diagnosis was
      established by nuclear cardiography and echocardiography of the left ventricle.

PMID- 687481
TI  - Aortic valve replacement during acute rheumatic fever.
AB  - Emergency aortic valve replacement was performed during an attack of acute
      rheumatic fever in a 12-year-old black boy. He had an uneventful recovery and has
      remained asymptomatic 27 months after operation. In the light of this experience
      and that of others, one might conclude that the decision to operate on these
      patients should be based on the severity of the haemodynamic derangement rather
      than on the state of activity in the rheumatic process.

PMID- 687482
TI  - Left ventricular apical thin point.

PMID- 687483
TI  - A morphometric study of regional variation in lung structure in infants with
      pulmonary hypertension and congenital cardiac defect. A justification of lung
      biopsy.
AB  - The structure of the pulmonary circulation throughout the lung has been analysed
      by morphometric techniques in 4 infants dying with ventricular septal defect and
      pulmonary hypertension. Failure of the intra-acinar pulmonary circulation to
      develop normally is shown by a reduction in arterial size and number, and an
      increase in muscularity is judged by the degree of medial hypertrophy and by
      extension of muscle further along the arterial pathway than is normal. For these
      features, one section of lung tissue, 1 cm square, proved to be representative of
      the entire pulmonary vascular bed, and also gave satisfactory assessment of lung
      growth and development. Lung biopsy can help in the clinical management of
      children with congenital cardiac defects and pulmonary hypertension if, in
      selecting tissue at biopsy, allowance is made for any regional differences in
      pulmonary blood flow.

PMID- 687484
TI  - Improvement in exercise haemodynamics by isosorbide dinitrate in patients with
      severe congestive cardiac failure secondary to ischaemic heart disease.
AB  - Seven patients with severe chronic congestive cardiac failure secondary to
      ischaemic heart disease performed submaximal supine exercise before and after 5
      mg sublingual isosorbide dinitrate at the time of cardiac catheterisation.
      Exercise before isosorbide dinitrate produced a poor response in left ventricular
      performance. After isosorbide dinitrate this response was significantly improved.
      Compared with the control exercise period, cardiac index increased from mean 2.6
      to 3.1 1/min per m2 (P less than 0.0025), stroke volume index from mean 22 to 27
      ml/m2 (P less than 0.0025), and left ventricular stroke work index from mean 21
      to 30 g m/m2 (P less than 0.01). Mean left ventricular filling pressure fell from
      37 to 26 mmHg (P less than 0.01). Although isosorbide dinitrate reduced left
      ventricular filling pressure at rest from mean 26 to 17 mmHg (P less than 0.005),
      there was no significant change in mean cardiac index or stroke volume index,
      while left ventricular stroke work index decreased from mean 29 to 22 g m/m2 (P
      less than 0.05). Isosorbide dinitrate effectively reduces left ventricular
      filling pressure in the resting patient with congestive cardiac failure but
      produces a more comprehensive improvement in left ventricular performance during
      exercise.

PMID- 687485
TI  - Enhancement by isosorbide dinitrate of haemodynamic effects of dopamine in
      chronic congestive cardiac failure.

PMID- 687486
TI  - Effects of selective and non-selective beta-adrenergic blockade on coronary
      dynamics in man assessed by rapid atrial pacing.
AB  - The effects on coronary dynamics of propranolol and atenolol were studied in 12
      patients undergoing cardiac catheterisation for suspected coronary artery
      disease. Myocardial blood flow was measured using the coronary sinus continuous
      thermodilution technique. Data were obtained immediately after drug
      administration and during rapid atrial pacing. The immediate effects were similar
      for both drugs. A significant reduction in heart rate was accompanied by a small
      reduction in myocardial oxygen consumption. Changes in coronary sinus flow
      induced by rapid pacing were closely related to changes in tension-time index.
      This relation was not modified by propranolol or atenolol. Neither propranolol
      nor atenolol therefore has significant coronary vasoconstrictor properties.
      Cardioselectivity appears to be unimportant with respect to beta-adrenergic
      blockade and the coronary circulation.

PMID- 687487
TI  - Value of pacing in cardiac failure associated with chronic atrioventricular
      block.
AB  - The effect of permanent pacing on chronic complete atrioventricular block
      complicated by cardiac failure was studied in 6 patients by measurement of
      indirect left atrial pressure 15 minutes after institution of pacing and again 3
      to 12 months later. In addition, 21 patients with complete heart block and
      clinical plus radiological evidence of cardiac failure at the time of pacing 3 to
      6 years earlier were also reviewed. Only 1 of 6 patients studied haemodynamically
      improved and 1 died in cardiac failure. Of 21 patients assessed clinically, 10
      had improved and 8 had died after a mean follow-up of 53 months. In the absence
      of syncope, pacing was of little symptomatic benefit but still may be justified
      to prolong survival. Both studies indicated a particularly poor prognosis for
      patients known to have coronary artery disease. No reliable means were found of
      determining the prognosis in the individual patient with cardiac failure before
      pacing.

PMID- 687488
TI  - Clinical value of delayed thallium-201 myocardial imaging in suspected acute
      myocardial infarction.
AB  - Fifty patients with acute chest pain had thallium-201 myocardial imaging
      performed three to six days after emergency admission to hospital. The image was
      abnormal in 20 out of 22 patients with acute transmural myocardial infarcts but
      in only 1 of 5 with acute subendocardial infarcts. Indistinguishable scan
      abnormalities caused by old infarcts were seen in 7 patients, and caused by
      myocardial ischaemia in 1 patient. A single thallium-201 myocardial scan some
      days after the onset of symptoms appears to be of little value in the clinical
      assessment of patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 687489
TI  - Use of 129caesium, 99Tcm stannous pyrophosphate, and a combination of the two in
      the assessment of myocardial infarction.
AB  - Acutely damaged myocardium was shown in 103 patients with suspected acute
      myocardial infarction using 99Tcm pyp. A significant incidence of false positive
      and false negative results occurred, 'true' results being defined by standard
      clinical, electrocardiographic, and enzyme criteria. Localisation of infarction
      compared reasonably well with standard electrocardiographic criteria but more
      frequently suggested true posterior involvement. Serial estimates of infarct size
      may be of value in the recognition of infarct extension during the acute phase.
      Viable perfused myocardium was shown in 63 patients with a variety of cardiac
      disorders using 129Cs. The technique gives a reliable indication of anterior
      infarction but tends to underestimate inferior infarction. There was good
      correlation with the electrocardiogram with regard to localisation and extent of
      infarction. Nineteen patients received both isotopes and were included in each of
      the above groups. The combination permits further assessment of equivocal results
      Furthermore as 129Cs demonstrates both previous and recent infarction and 99Tcm
      pyp accumulates only in acutely damaged myocardium it was possible to estimate
      the extent of previous and recent myocardial damage.

PMID- 687490
TI  - Pronounced dependence of ventricular endocardial QRS potentials on ventricular
      volume.
AB  - To evalulate the relation between ventricular endocardial potentials (QRS
      amplitude) and ventricular dimensions, left and right ventricular endocardial
      potentials were recorded with hook electrodes in anaesthetised open-chest dogs
      during transfusion and withdrawal of blood. Left ventricular end-diastolic
      diameter was measured by ultrasonic crystals, and end-diastolic volume was
      determined by thermodilution. In each dog, left ventricular endocardial
      potentials, whether recorded from anterior or posterolateral walls, decreased
      linearly as left ventricular end-diastolic diameter or volume increased, and vice
      versa. With an average increase in left ventricular end-diastolic diameter from
      40.1 +/- 1.7 to 44.6 +/- 1.8 mm, left ventricular endocardial potentials
      decreased from 32.8 +/- 2.5 to 23.5 +/- 2.3 mV (P less than 0.001); and for an
      increase in left ventricular end-diastolic volume from 1.36 "/- 1.25 to 3.43 +/-
      0.58 ml/kg left ventricular endocardial potentials decreased from 36.2 +/- 6.6 to
      14.9 +/- 4.3 mV (P less than 0.001). Changes in right ventricular endocardial
      potentials paralleled the changes in left ventricular endocardial potentials.
      These findings indicate that acute changes in ventricular dimensions influence
      endocardial potentials considerably, and suggest a potential clinical application
      for detecting acute changes in ventricular volume.

PMID- 687491
TI  - Assessment of atrioventricular conduction in aortic valve disease.
AB  - To determine the frequency of atrioventricular conduction disturbances in aortic
      valve disease, 26 consecutive patients (age 54 +/- 2 years) with symptomatic
      aortic valve disease were studied by His bundle electrocardiography at the time
      of cardiac catheterisation and were compared with a group of patients who
      underwent cardiac catheterisation and were found to have coronary artery or
      mitral valve disease but no aortic valve disease. Patients with aortic valve
      disease had significantly longer PR, AH, and HV intervals than cardiac patients
      not having this abnormality. Patients with aortic stenosis had prolonged HV, 52
      +/- 6 vs +/- 42 +/- 2 ms (P = 0.06), whereas patients with chronic aortic
      regurgitation had prolonged PR, 245 +/- 27 vs 163 +/- 5 ms (P less than 0.001),
      and prolonged AH, 178 +/- 30 vs 102 +/- ms (P less than 0.001). Patients with
      combined lesions had significant prolongation of PR, AH, and HV intervals. Three
      patients with acute aortic regurgitation caused by endocarditis had normal
      atrioventricular conduction. Though the presence of valvular calcification did
      not significantly alter the pattern of atrioventricular conduction in these
      patients, those with calcified aortic valves had longer HV (P less than 0.005)
      than the control group. In addition, ventricular dysfunction or coronary artery
      disease did not affect the pattern of atrioventricular conduction in these
      patients. Thus, atrioventricular conduction disturbances are common in
      symptomatic aortic valve disease. With aortic stenosis the site of delay occurs
      more frequently below the His deflection, whereas in aortic regurgitation it is
      more frequent above the His deflection.

PMID- 687492
TI  - Relation of angina to coronary artery disease in mitral and in aortic valve
      disease.
AB  - Of 129 patients with either mitral or aortic valve disease angina was present in
      55 (42%). It was more frequent in aortic (60%) than in mitral valve disease
      (33%). The standard 12-lead electrocardiogram was not helpful in distinguishing
      underlying occlusive coronary artery disease. Coronary arteriography demonstrated
      coronary artery disease in 26 patients (20%), only 2 of whom had no angina. The
      incidence of coronary artery disease was almost identical in both the mitral and
      aortic groups (22% and 17%, respectively), but the percentage of those with
      demonstrable coronary artery disease accompanying angina was much higher in the
      mitral group (67% as against 29%). Angina in mitral valve disorders is thus much
      more likely to be the result of disease of the coronary arteries. Coronary
      arteriography is mandatory in all patients in both groups who have angina.
      Otherwise it seems unnecessary as coronary artery disease was found in only 2
      patients who did not have angina.

PMID- 687493
TI  - Characterisation of heart rate response to exercise in the sick sinus syndrome.
AB  - Patients with sick sinus syndrome have abnormalities of the sinoatrial node. We
      have measured the heart rate response to exercise in 7 patients with sick sinus
      syndrome without significant associated heart disease (group A) mean age 53.4
      years, and compared this with 7 'normal' patients who were age-matched to within
      5 years (group B), and 7 younger, well-trained subjects (group C). All underwent
      maximal treadmill exercise. Although maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), 1/min
      per kg, in group A was not significantly different from group B (23.8 +/- 4.7 vs
      19.9 +/- 0.8, mean +/- SE) maximum heart rate, beats/min, in group A was
      significantly lower than in group B (124 +/- 8.9 vs 163 +/- 3.7, P less than
      0.001). At the end of 3 minutes of Bruce Stage I exercise, group A patients had a
      heart rate less than 130/minute (95% confidence level), whereas group B patients
      had heart rates greater than 134/minute. VO2 was plotted against heart rate (HR).
      Patients in group A had a significantly lower slope (deltaHR 5.20 +/- 0.33/delta1
      ml VO2/kg per min, P less than 0.001). There was no significant difference in the
      slopes between groups A and C. On exercise patients with sick sinus syndrome have
      a normal VO2, but a reduced heart rate response as compared with age-matched
      normal patients. This abnormal heart rate response to the physiological stimulus
      of exercise may be of help in the evaluation of patients with sick sinus syndrome
      who do not have significant underlying heart disease.

PMID- 687494
TI  - Systemic sarcoidosis with refractory ventricular tachycardia and heart failure.
AB  - A patient who presented with recurrent arrhythmias, including refractory
      ventricular tachycardia, and heart failure, was later found to have sarcoidosis
      with pulmonary and lymph node involvement.

PMID- 687495
TI  - Near fatal puerperal thrombosis on Bjork-Shiley mitral valve prosthesis.
AB  - A 22-year-old woman required emergency mitral valve replacement three weeks post
      partum because of thrombotic obstruction of her prosthetic mitral valve. Low dose
      subcutaneous heparin was administered from the 17th week of pregnancy. Though
      there was a successful fetal outcome, heparin did not prevent thrombosis on the
      prosthesis and its continuation into the puerperium proved nearly fatal.

PMID- 687496
TI  - Rupture of right coronary artery aneurysm into the right atrium.
AB  - A 63-year-old man presented with acute congestive heart failure and was found to
      have a continuous murmur. Two years earlier, he had an inferior myocardial
      infarct, when no murmurs were heard. Angiography showed a right coronary artery
      aneurysm communicating with the right atrium. The distal vessel was occluded. The
      aneurysm was resected and the patient remains well. It is proposed that this was
      a congenital aneurysm which led firstly to the myocardial infarct and finally
      ruptured into the right atrium.

PMID- 687497
TI  - Post-marketing drug surveillance.

PMID- 687498
TI  - The methodology of blood pressure recording.

PMID- 687499
TI  - Effect of propranolol on sympathetic nervous activity in hydrallazine-treated
      hypertensive patients.
AB  - 1 The effect of propranolol was examined on a) blood pressure and heart rate
      responses due to i.v. hydrallazine b) modification of these cardiovascular
      parameters during cold pressor test c) urinary catecholamine excretion rate. 2
      Intravenous hydrallazine reduced significantly mean blood pressure by 15.2 mm Hg
      and increased heart rate by 24.9 beats/min. Propranolol reduced significantly
      mean blood pressure by 19.0 mm Hg and heart rate by 14.1 beats/min. Hydrallazine
      plus propranolol caused a significant reduction of mean blood pressure (by 37.7
      mm Hg) but this was not accompanied by a significant fall in heart rate (by 3.3
      beats/min). 3 During the control period, cold pressor test increased mean blood
      pressure by 16.0 mm Hg. Heart rate was increased by 12.5 beats/min in four
      patients. However, there was a reduction in heart rate (5.5 beats/min) in two
      other patients. During the propranolol period, cold pressor test-induced increase
      of mean blood pressure was not reduced but propranolol blocked the increase of
      heart rate. 4 Urinary catecholamine excretion rate was increased during
      hydrallazine administration. This excretion was not modified by propranolol.

PMID- 687500
TI  - Comparison of the effects of D-(-)-ephedrine and L-(+)-pseudoephedrine on the
      cardiovascular and respiratory systems in man.
AB  - 1 In a preliminary double-blind trial the effects of ephedrine and
      pseudoephedrine on the blood pressure and heart rate of resting healthy
      volunteers were compared. Ephedrine 60 or 90 mg were required to raise the
      diastolic blood pressure above 90 mmHg, whereas 210 or 240 mg pseudoephedrine
      were required to produce the same effect. 2 In a second double-blind trial,
      patients with reversible airways obstruction were given 60 mg ephedrine or 210 mg
      pseudoephedrine and the effects on forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)
      compared. Both isomers produced some bronchodilation, but the effect of
      pseudoephedrine was less than half that of ephedrine. 3 The reasons for these
      differences between the isomers are discussed and the efficacy of pseudoephedrine
      as a nasal decongestant pointed out and explained in relation to its effect on
      alpha-adrenoceptors in the nasal blood vessels.

PMID- 687501
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of clonidine and its relation to the hypotensive effect in
      patients.
AB  - 1 The kinetics of clonidine and its relation to the blood pressure response after
      single intravenous doses of 75 micrograms--275 micrograms in hypertensive
      patients were determined. 2 Clonidine disposition could be described by a two
      compartment open model and pharmacokinetic parameters show a rapid distribution
      phase of 20--30 min and a mean plasma clearance of 4.6 ml min-1 kg-1 (75--200
      microgram). The half-life of the beta-phase was found to be in the range of 7.4-
      11.4 h. Indications of dose dependent kinetics were obtained. 3 A dose-dependent
      decrease in blood pressure was obtained. 4 The maximal reduction in MAP (mean
      arterial blood pressure) was significantly (P less than 0.01) related to plasma
      concentrations of clonidine. 5 The reduction in MAP was always related to plasma
      concentrations of clonidine (r = 0.88, P less than 0.01) when pseudoequilibrium
      of distribution of the drug was achieved.

PMID- 687502
TI  - Clobazam--a new hypnotic?
AB  - 1 A double-blind randomized trial to compare the relative efficacy of the 1,5
      benzodiazepine, clobazam, the 1,4-benzodiazepine nitrazepam, and placebo as
      hypnotics was carried out. 2 A preference technique was used and the analyses
      were performed sequentially. 3. The results confirmed that nitrazepam was
      superior to placebo as a hypnotic but failed to show that clobazam was superior
      to either placebo or nitrazepam in a ratio of 2:1. Thus, it seems likely that the
      hypnotic properties of clobazam are minimal. 4 Clobazam is not suitable for use
      as a hypnotic in hospitalized patients.

PMID- 687503
TI  - Quantitative determination of ergot alkaloids in biological fluids by
      radioimmunoassay.
AB  - 1 Cross-reactivity of ergot alkaloids with an antiserum produced against lysergic
      acid conjugated with human serum, albumin was utilized to develop a
      radioimmunoassay for ergotamine, dihydroergotamine, dihydroergotoxine,
      ergometrine and methylergometrine in biological fluids. The antisera showed no
      cross-reactivity with simpler indole structures. 2 A procedure for extraction and
      concentration of alkaloids in biological fluids was developed. 3 The assay is
      sensitive for 1.8 ng/ml ergotamine, 1.5 ng/ml dihydroergotamine, 2.2 ng/ml
      dihydroergotoxine, 0.7 ng/ml ergotmetrine and 0.5 ng/ml methylergometrine. 4 The
      assay is sufficiently sensitive to permit the measurement of urine and plasma
      ergot alkaloid levels and it is suitable for determination in cases where a known
      ergot alkaloid is used.

PMID- 687504
TI  - The effects of indomethacin on arachidonic acid and prostaglandins e2 and f2alpha
      levels in human skin 24 h after u.v.B and u.v.C irradiation.
AB  - 1 Clinically normal human abdominal skin was irradiated with either three times
      its minimal erythema dose (MED) of ultraviolet B (u.v.B) or six MEDs of
      ultraviolet C (u.v.C) radiation. In both instances erythema was maximal at 24 h.
      2 Exudate was recovered by a suction bulla technique from normal and irradiated
      skin at 24 h after irradiation. 3 Arachidonic acid, prostaglandins E2 and
      FSalpha, as measured by GC--MS, were significantly elevated at 24 h.
      Radioimmunoassay also showed increased PGF2alpha-like concentrations. 4 Oral
      indomethacin only partially reduced the erythema resulting from both types of
      radiation but totally suppressed the elevation of PGE 2 and F2alpha
      concentrations. 5 Topical indomethacin also suppressed u.v.B-induced increases in
      prostaglandins E2 and F2alpha. Unexpectedly, the vehicle alone produced a similar
      suppressive effect on prostaglandins although erythema appeared unaltered. 6 Most
      of the arachidonic acid metabolized by indomethacin-sensitive pathways is not
      converted to prostaglandins E2 and F2alpha in human skin.

PMID- 687505
TI  - Individual variation in daily dosage requirements for phenytoin sodium in
      patients with epilepsy.
AB  - 1 Ninety adult patients receiving phenytoin sodium were studied prospectively in
      an epileptic centre. Serum concentrations of phenytoin under steady state
      conditions were measured by gas liquid chromatography. When clinically indicated
      the daily dosage rate was adjusted by 50 mg steps until a serum concentration of
      10--20 mg/l was produced. 2 Concentrations within the above range were obtained
      in 50 patients; the required dosage rate varied from 200--500 mg/day. Twenty-five
      clinical, biochemical and haematological attributes were recorded for each
      patient and tested for correlation with dosage requirement. 3 The dosage
      requirement correlated most strongly (r = 0.57, P less than 0.001) with body
      surface area. This relationship (approximately 200 mg/day per m2) accounted
      however for only one third of the total dosage variance. 4 Amongst 18 patients
      receiving simultaneous treatment with phenobarbitone, the effective plasma
      clearance of this drug taken in conjunction with body surface area accounted for
      a significantly greater proportion of the total dosage variance. Multiple
      regression analysis failed to reveal other, more widely applicable predictors of
      individual phenytoin dosage requirements.

PMID- 687506
TI  - Liver size and indices of drug metabolism in epileptics.
AB  - 1 The relationship between liver size and in vivo (antipyrine kinetics) and in
      vitro (cytochrome P-450) drug metabolism was investigated in twenty-one
      epileptics on long-term anticonvulsant therapy and in controls. 2 The epileptics
      exhibited significant enlargement of the liver and enhancement of drug metabolism
      compared to the controls. 3 Liver size correlated to antipyrine kinetics only in
      controls. Concentration of cytochrome P-450 in liver biopsy specimens correlated
      with liver size neither in controls nor in epileptics. 4 The total hepatic
      cytochrome P-450, estimated on the basis of liver weight and cytochrome P-450
      concentration of biopsy samples, correlated linearly with antipyrine kinetics,
      except in patients with the most severely disturbed liver architecture. 5
      Measurement of liver size is essential when comparing in vivo and in vitro drug
      metabolism, but the changes in liver histology are also of great importance.

PMID- 687507
TI  - Disopyramide pharmacokinetics and bioavailability.

PMID- 687508
TI  - Lactoperoxidase-catalysed iodination of surface proteins on human melanoma cells.
AB  - The cell-surface proteins of 6 different melanoma cell cultures have been
      labelled with 125I using lactaperoxidase-catalysed iodination. Fractionation of
      the proteins was achieved using 5--22.5% polacrylamide-gradient gel
      electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and the proteins
      were detected by autoradiography. Up to 24 labelled proteins were detected in the
      individual cell cultures, but the proteins labelled differed considerably in the
      6 cultures examined. A possible reason for this, involving variation in the
      glycosylation of cell-surface glycoproteins is discussed. Cells of the same
      melanoma line had similar cell-surface proteins at different passage levels, but
      changes in the labelled proteins occurred when the culture conditions were
      altered. The cell-surface proteins of high molecular weight were cleaved by
      trypsin, but most of the low mol.-wt. proteins were resistant to trypsin. The
      "large external transformation sensitive" (LETS) protein detected as a major
      protein on fibroblasts in culture was not a dominant protein on the melanoma
      cells. It was detected on only 4/6 cell cultures. Possible relationships of the
      cell-surface proteins described in this study to morphology, immunological
      properties and proteolytic activity of human melanoma cells are discussed.

PMID- 687509
TI  - Effect of an implanted Walker tumour on metabolism of folic acid in the rat.
AB  - The metabolism of 2-[14C] folic acid has been studied in rats with an implanted
      Walker 256 tumour and in a closely matched group of controls. In animals with
      tumours, more of the labelled folic acid is converted to 10
      formyltetrahydrofolate and 10-formylfolate than in normal animals. No 5
      methyltetrahydrofolate could be detected in tumour tissue, or in the livers of
      tumour-bearing animals. When a mixture of 2-[14C]- and 3',5',9-[3H]-folic acid is
      given to tumour-bearing rats a similar pattern of metabolites is found. There is
      apparenly less scission of the folate molecule in tumour-bearing rats than in
      normal rats.

PMID- 687510
TI  - Split dose cytotoxic experiments with misonidazole.
AB  - The toxicity of misonidazole (1-(2-nitroimidazol-1-yl)-3-methoxy-2-propanol)
      towards mammalian cells in vitro has been determined as a function of O2 tension.
      Misonidazole under hypoxic conditions (less than 10 Parts/10(6) O2) shows the
      greatest toxicity. Split-dose experiments indicate that lethal damage can be
      "repaired" by O2, the magnitude of this repair being time dependent and a
      function of O2 concentration, with maximum repair in air seen after 2 h at 37
      degree C. Unlike radiation damage this repair is not inhibited by modest
      hyperthermia (41 degrees C) during the split-dose interval. The implication of
      these results as regards the mechanism of misonidazole toxicity under anaerobic
      conditions is discussed.

PMID- 687511
TI  - Effect of high-dose melphalan on marrow and intestinal epithelium in mice
      pretreated with cyclophosphamide.
AB  - The lethal effect of high-dose melphalan in mice could be offset by pretreatment
      with cyclophosphamide, cytosine arabinoside or low-dose melphalan. The reason for
      improved survival is unclear. Althoug animals given high-dose melphalan died with
      symptoms of gut death, in only one instance, that with low-dose melphalan itself,
      did pretreatment protect the intestinal epithelium as measured by the microcolony
      assay. A small enhancement in the recovery of the haemopoietic tissue in
      pretreated animals was noted, although this on its own is unlikely to explain the
      phenomenon. Experiments in tumour-bearing mice showed that pretreatment with
      cyclophosphamide did not reduce the toxicity of melphalan to the Lewis lung
      carcinoma.

PMID- 687512
TI  - Razoxane-induced polyploidy.

PMID- 687513
TI  - Lack of initiating activity in mutagens which are not carcinogenic.

PMID- 687514
TI  - Isolation of tumour-associated immunoglobulins from ascitic fluid.

PMID- 687515
TI  - Effects of osmolality and density of gradients on the isolation of SCM-responding
      lymphocytes.

PMID- 687516
TI  - Cause of high risk of cervical cancer in socially unclassified women.

PMID- 687517
TI  - Assessment of response to therapy in advanced breast cancer (an amendment)

PMID- 687518
TI  - Anti-tumour cytotoxicity of poly(A)-containing messenger RNA isolated from tumour
      specific immunogenic RNA.
AB  - The transfer of tumour-specific cytotoxicity against a murine fibrosar-coma has
      been demonstrated in vitro using xenogeneic RNA extracted from tumour-cell-immune
      animals. Poly(A)-tailed messenger RNA from immunogenic RNA was isolated by
      passage through an oligo(dT)-cellulose column, and evaluated to determine whether
      the same tumour-specific cytotoxicity could be transferred. Aliquots of normal
      C3H mouse lymphocytes were treated with poly(A)-containing immune RNA, whole-cell
      immune RNA lacking poly(A) and total cellular immune RNA. Treated cells were
      tested in vitro using an adaptation of the Takasugi and Klein microcytotoxicity
      assay. Percent cytotoxicity was calculted using cells treated with fractions of
      normal RNA as control. An increase in tumour cytotoxicity was found with poly(A)
      containing immune RNA. The optimum dose of poly(A)-tailed immune RNA was
      estimated as 6.5 microgram of RNA per 4 x 10(6) lymphocytes. Populations of
      lymphocytes were separated using glass and nylon wool. T- and B-enriched
      populations were treated with various RNA components. The adherent cell
      population showed no significant cytotoxicity, whilst treatment of the
      nonadherent population with poly(A)-tailed immune RNA produced high levels of
      cytotoxicity.

PMID- 687519
TI  - Ultrastructure, karyology and immunology of a cell line originated from a human
      transitional-cell carcinoma.
AB  - A cell line (J82) was derived from a poorly differentiated, invasive,
      transitional-cell carcinoma, Stage T3. The cells have been propagated in vitro
      for 5 years and showed 100% aneuploidy and a mixed epithelial-fibroblastic
      morphology. The majority of cells contained 2Y chromosomes and several
      distinctive markers. Peripheral-blood lymphocytes from the donor of the J82 cells
      were tested sequentially for cytotoxicity toward autologous and allogeneic tumour
      cells. Autologous cytotoxicity was detected against J82 cells in early in vitro
      passage. Allogeneic lymphocytes from some patients with transitional-cell
      carcinoma were also cytotoxic to J82 cells in primary culture. However, selective
      cytotoxicity by lymphoid cells from bladder-carcinoma patients was not detected
      against J82 cells in long-term tissue culture.

PMID- 687520
TI  - Growth of human tumour cell colonies from biopsies using two soft-agar
      techniques.
AB  - Two techniques for growing colonies of human tumour cells in soft agar have been
      applied to cell suspensions derived from fresh tumour tissue from 48 patients.
      Colonies were obtained in 31 cases, with plating efficiencies between 0.01 and
      15%. In 11 cases the plating efficiencies were 1% or above. There was evidence
      that some categories of tumour grew more readily than others under these
      conditions. The potential applications of the methods to clinical and
      experimental oncology are discussed.

PMID- 687521
TI  - Morphological study of the ovaries of leukaemic children.
AB  - The ovaries of leukaemic children were studied in 31 specimens obtained at
      autopsy. Twenty-eight ovaries from normal children of the same age who died from
      misadventure served as control. All ovaries from normal childred showed follicle
      growth and contained several large antral follicles. Follicle development was
      inhibited in all ovaries of leukaemic children; 22% showed no follicle growth
      (quiescent ovaries), and in the ovaries in which there was follicle development,
      the number and size of antral follicles was significantly smaller than in the
      control. All children had been treated with cytotoxic drugs, the duration of the
      treatment being correlated with the stage of ovarian development. The ovaries of
      children treated for only 1 week were near-normal, while those treated for more
      than 2 months showed inhibition of follicle growth. It is argued that the
      disturbance in follicle development is an effect of the cytotoxic drugs, and not
      an effect of the disease itself.

PMID- 687522
TI  - Mammary-carcinoma cells in mouse liver: infiltration of liver tissue and
      interaction with Kupffer cells.
AB  - Interactions between TA3 mammary-carcinoma cells and liver cells were studied
      with the electron microscope in mouse livers that had been perfused with a
      defined medium containing the tumour cells. Infiltration of liver tissue by the
      TA3 cells proceeded in the following steps. First, numerous small protrusions
      were extended through endothelial cells and into hepatocytes. Next, some cells
      had larger processes deeply indenting hepatocytes. Finally a few tumour cells
      became located outside the blood vessels. Two variant cell lines, TA3/Ha and
      TA3/St, differing in cell coat and surface charge, did not differ in the extent
      of infiltration. TA3/Ha cells were often encircled by thin processes of liver
      macrophages (Kupffer cells). Encircled cells were initially intact, but later
      some of them degenerated. These observations suggest that TA3/Ha cells were
      phagocytized by the Kupffer cells. Encirclement appeared to be inhibited after
      only 30 min, when many cells were still partly surrounded. Encirclement of TA3/St
      was much less frequent. After injection of tumour cells intra-portally in vivo,
      similar results were obtained, which demonstrated the validity of the perfused
      liver model. TA3/Ha cells formed much fewer tumour nodules in the liver than
      TA3/St cells.

PMID- 687523
TI  - Teacher stress: prevalence, sources, and symptoms.

PMID- 687524
TI  - Selecting pictures of another person's view.

PMID- 687525
TI  - Transference utilization in aim-restricted psychotherapy.

PMID- 687526
TI  - Failure to mourn a stillbirth: an overlooked catastrophe.
AB  - The reasons for the difficulty of mourning a stillbirth and the therapeutic
      management of this mourning process are outlined. A case is described of failed
      mourning of a stillbirth which gave rise to a profound disturbance in mothering
      of a subsequent live baby. A psychotherapeutic technique is discussed which
      facilitates the failed mourning of a stillbirth.

PMID- 687527
TI  - Emotional experience and the implication grid.
AB  - The research reported here consisted of a series of experiments aimed at
      developing a technique which could be used in the study of personal emotional
      experience. Hinkle's development (1965) of Kelly's construct theory (1955) was
      chosen as the starting point. Hinkle's original technique was applied using
      emotional rather than interpersonal constructs. This failed to demonstrate the
      internal consistency of the implication grid methodology shown in Hinkle's work.
      Modifications were made to the implication grid so as to simplify the subject's
      verbal task. Further experimentation demonstrated the validity and reliability of
      the modified grid. The structural consistency of different areas of individuals'
      emotional construct systems was investigated, and variations in the level of
      integration were demonstrated between these different areas.

PMID- 687528
TI  - Deliberate self-poisoning and self-injury in the psychiatric hospital.
AB  - Acts of self-poisoning and self-injury carried out by in-patients and day
      patients while in treatment at two psychiatric hospitals were recorded over a one
      year period. Comparison with results from a survey based on referrals to a
      general hospital in the same area demonstrated that the rate at which these
      events occurred was over 50 times greater for patients in psychiatric care than
      in the general population. A larger proportion of the psychiatric hospital
      incidents involved self-injury. Analysis of the records of a consecutive series
      of all psychiatric hospital patients revealed that at least one-third had a
      previous history of self-poisoning or self-injury. Of the patients carrying out
      such acts in one hospital, 77 per cent had a history of this behaviour prior to
      admission. Clusters of incidents were identified. Possible factors underlying
      this behaviour in the hospital setting and means of prevention are suggested.

PMID- 687529
TI  - Arousal response predictions derived from ego psychology.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to examine the prediction from ego psychology that
      excessive stress leads to either a struggling or distancing response. Male
      subjects, preselected on the R-S scale, were exposed to an explicit pornographic
      movie in the presence of a female confederate. Skin conductance levels, self
      report data, and a work association test with double entendre words were the
      dependent measures. The results indicated that subjects struggle rather than
      distance themselves when confronted with apparently stressful stimuli.

PMID- 687530
TI  - The Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire: a validity study.
AB  - The MHQ is a brief self-rating inventory purporting to measure aspects of six
      distinct categories of psychoneurosis and affective status. It has been found to
      be a reliable instrument and also valid as a profile measure. Two individual
      scales have also previously been explored in respect of validity. The present
      report describes a further attempt to examine the validity of individual scales
      in relation to pertinent single clinical diagnostic entities in a study involving
      800 patients. The phobic and obsessional scales are found to be particularly
      accurate and differentiating in this respect. Patients variously diagnosed as
      suffering from anxiety states, depressive states and personality disorder tend to
      score very highly on several scales. The instrument serves overall to distinguish
      satisfactorily between such populations and others suffering from schizophrenia
      and anorexia nervosa. It also markedly differentiates them from 'normal'
      populations.

PMID- 687531
TI  - On the validity of the Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire: a comparison of
      diagnostic self-ratings in psychiatric out-patients, general practice patients,
      and 'normals' based on the Hebrew version.
AB  - The short clinical diagnostic self-rating scale for psycho-neurotic patients (The
      Middlesex Hospital Questionnaire) was translated into everyday Hebrew and tested
      on 216 subjects for: (1) concurrent validity with clinical diagnoses; (2)
      discriminatory validity on a psychoneurotic gradient of psychiatric out-patients,
      general practice patients, and normal controls; (3) validity of subscales and
      discrete items using matrices of Spearman rank correlation coefficients; (4)
      construct validity using Guttman's smallest space analysis based on coefficients
      of similarity. The Hebrew MHQ was found to retain its validity and to be easily
      applicable in waiting-room situations. It is a useful method for generating and
      substantiating hypotheses on psychosomatic and psychosocial interrelationships.
      The MHQ seems to enable the expression of the 'neurotic load' of a general
      practice subpopulation as a centile on a scale, thereby corroborating previous
      epidemiological findings on the high prevalence of neurotic illness in general
      practice. There is reason to believe that the MHQ is a valid instrument for the
      analysis of symptom profiles of subjects involved in future drug trials.

PMID- 687532
TI  - Psychoneurotic profiles in the adult population.
AB  - Self-reported psychoneurotic characteristics and aspects of affective status have
      been examined within the adult population of a market town and the surrounding
      rural community using a standardized instrument. Features of anxiety in
      particular are more common amongst females than males, peaking in the third,
      fourth (phobic avoidance behaviour being also especially evident at this time)
      and fifth decades of life. Many of the characteristics are also importantly
      related to age in both sexes and to social class. Some are widespread within the
      population and probably reflect more enduring personality traits. Others are less
      common, more age specific (e.g. early adult life, middle age, the menopause in
      females; the involutional period in males) and are probably more often construed
      by the individuals concerned and by others as 'illness'. The similarity of the
      relevant segment of the present profiles to those previously obtained from a
      suburban population aged 40-65 years is noteworthy. The most likely
      interpretation is that the measuring instrument is reliable and that the
      reporting behaviour of psychoneurotic and effective characteristics and morbidity
      is identical in both populations.

PMID- 687533
TI  - The use of catheter-tip pressure transducers for the measurement of intrauterine
      pressure in labour.
AB  - The disadvantages of the fluid filled polythene catheter used for measuring
      intrauterine pressure have been overcome by designing a catheter with a pressure
      transducer at the tip. The information which it gives is accurate and reliable.
      The optimum method of use has been determined and clinical trials performed.
      There is no demonstrable morbidity from its use.

PMID- 687534
TI  - Fetal hazards of the intrauterine pressure catheter: five case reports.
AB  - Five patients with fetal complications associated with the use of an intrauterine
      pressure catheter in labour are described. In four, a fetal vessel was punctured
      either by the catheter or its introducing sheath. In the remaining patient, cord
      compression resulted from entanglement with the catheter. These problems may be
      minimized by a careful catheter introduction technique.

PMID- 687535
TI  - Perforation of a placental fetal vessel by an intrauterine pressure catheter.
AB  - Perforation of a fetal vessel on the placental surface by an intrauterine
      catheter is reported. The immediate recognition of this unusual complication is
      important. To minimize the risks of perforation, haemorrhage and infection,
      several precautions should be observed when inserting the catheter.

PMID- 687536
TI  - Simplified management of pregnancy complicated by diabetes.
AB  - Simple methods for the management of pregnancy complicated by diabetes are
      described. Emphasis was placed on keeping patients out of hospital, good control
      of diabetes and vaginal delivery at 38 weeks: using these methods, there were
      nine perinatal deaths in a consecutive series of 101 pregnancies complicated by
      diabetes. Four of the perinatal deaths were due to the respiratory distress
      syndrome. The patients whose diabetes was diagnosed during pregnancy had
      significantly heavier babies (18 pregnancies, mean birth weight 3337 g) than the
      established diabetics (83 pregnancies, mean weight 3011 g) despite significantly
      lower fasting blood glucose levels in the former and similar mean gestational
      ages at delivery. Mean fasting blood glucose levels for the whole series during
      the first, second and third trimesters were 9.0, 6.7 and 5.6 mmol/l respectively.
      The mean duration of antenatal stay in hospital for complications related to
      diabetes was 29 days. Diabetic retinopathy did not seem to be adversely affected
      by pregnancy.

PMID- 687537
TI  - Serum free fatty acids, insulin and blood glucose in pregnancy.
AB  - Blood glucose, serum insulin and free fatty acid levels were determined in 60
      pregnant and 44 non-pregnant women. The mean blood glucose level was
      significatnly lower in pregnant women than in non-pregnant women but there were
      no significant changes during pregnancy. The mean serum insulin and free fatty
      acid levels were not significantly different from the levels for the non-pregnant
      women, there was also no significant change in their mean levels throughout
      pregnancy.

PMID- 687538
TI  - Hypovolaemia, pre-eclampsia and diuretics.
AB  - Six patients with severe pre-eclampsia were found to have low central venous
      pressures. This was considered to be an indication that hypovolaemia was present,
      depsite concurrent generalized oedema. Treatment with sufficient intravenous
      saline and albumin, to restore the central venous pressure to normal, resulted in
      improved renal function and avoidance of permanent renal impairment in all cases.
      These observations support the view that diuretics should not be administered to
      patients with pre-eclampsia.

PMID- 687539
TI  - Unconjugated serum oestriol levels in mother and baby with meconium staining of
      the amniotic fluid.
AB  - To examine the effect on oestrogen metabolism of the stimulus which causes the
      passage of meconium, we measured maternal venous and cord artery and vein serum
      unconjugated oestriol levels in 46 patients with meconium staining of the
      amniotic fluid and 19 controls. Mean cord vein oestriol levels were significantly
      lower than in controls in the presence of meconium stained amniotic fluid and no
      fetal acidosis (cord artery buffer base of 36.2 meq/l or more) (P less than
      0.02). The same tendency was seen with acidotic infants (P less than 0.05). There
      is thus evidence of a change in oestrogen metabolism associated with meconium
      staining of the amniotic fluid.

PMID- 687540
TI  - Transfer of digoxin across the placenta and into breast milk.
AB  - Eleven mothers given digoxin throughout pregnancy because of rheumatic heart
      disease were studied. Digoxin was identified in the placenta and, for the first
      time, in milk. Paired cord and maternal blood samples obtained at parturition
      showed lower digoxin levels in cord blood than in maternal blood. The total
      tissue-bound digoxin level in the placenta correlated closely with maternal
      digoxin levels. These findings suggest strongly the presence of a placental
      barrier for digoxin. Similar digoxin concentrations (0.825 +/- 0.015 nmol/l) were
      found in milk samples obtained daily between the third and seventh days post
      partum. The half-life of digoxin in the newborn was 36.2 +/- 5.43 hours (Mean +/-
      SEM); thus all the digoxin present at birth would be excreted within 10 to 11
      days.

PMID- 687541
TI  - The passage of fat emulsion across the human placenta.
AB  - Six patients near term were given an intravenous infusion of a fat emulsion
      (Intralipid) a few hours before normal delivery or Caesarean section. Six other
      non-infused patients were studied as controls. Maternal venous and umbilical
      venous and arterial blood samples were taken at delivery and analyzed for
      individual fatty acid concentrations in triglyceride, free fatty acid (FFA) and
      phospholipid fractions. The emulsion, being rich in oleic and linoleic acids,
      affected the composition of the maternal triglycerides. The fetal lipids were
      also altered and the infusions resulted in large positive umbilical venous
      arterial (v-a) differences in FFA and triglyceride fatty acid concentrations, but
      this was not the case for phospholipid concentrations. The fatty acids with the
      largest v-a differences were those prominent in the emulsion.

PMID- 687542
TI  - Neonatal serum bilirubin levels in spontaneous and induced labour.
AB  - An investigation was made into the onset and severity of neonatal jaundice in 114
      patients following spontaneous labour and labour induced by (a) amniotomy, (b)
      amniotomy and simultaenous infusion of oxytocin, (c) amniotomy and simultaneous
      administration of oral prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). No significant difference in
      serum bilirubin levels in the first five days of life was found in the four
      groups.

PMID- 687543
TI  - Plasma testosterone in molar pregnancy: Correlation with gestational age, uterine
      size, theca-lutein cyst and serum HCG.
AB  - Plasma testosterone and serum HCG were measured by radioimmunoassay in 46
      patients with intact molar pregnancy. There was no significant difference in
      plasma testosterone between patients with theca-lutein cyst and those without the
      cyst. This suggests that ovarian contribution to the elevated testosterone in
      molar pregnancy is probably a minor one. No correlation was found between plasma
      testosterone and uterine size. However, a positive correlation (r=+0.3567, P less
      than 0.001) was found between plasma testosterone and the HCG and a rising trend
      in plasma testosterone was observed with increasing gestation. These results
      suggest that molar trophoblast is probably the major source of elevated
      testosterone in the maternal circulation.

PMID- 687544
TI  - The effect of sex steroids on the in vitro synthesis of DNA by malignant ovarian
      tumours.
AB  - The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis of 12 ovarian tumours was studied by
      means of short term organ tissue culture, exposure to tritiated thymidine and
      subsequent autoradiography and visual grain counting. The DNA synthesis in each
      tumour was studied before and after exposure to 12 separate hormone combinations.
      It was found that any combination of 17 beta-oestradiol with either of the two
      progestogens used had greater inhibitory potential than when any of three
      hormones tested was used alone.

PMID- 687545
TI  - Acute pancreatitis and vitamin K deficiency in pregnancy.
AB  - Two patients with acute pancreatitis in pregnancy are described. In both,
      bleeding from vitamin K deficiency occurred after the initial attack of
      pancreatitis and the bleeding tendency was successfully treated with vitamin K.

PMID- 687546
TI  - A cervimeter for continuous measurement of cervical dilatation in labour-
      Preliminary results.

PMID- 687547
TI  - Antichlamydial antibody in tears and sera, and serotypes of Chlamydia trachomatis
      isolated from schoolchildren in Southern Tunisia.
AB  - A predominance of TRIC serotype A has been isolated from schoolchildren in a
      population in Southern Tunisia with severe hyperendemic trachoma. The serotyping
      results correspond precisely with the serological findings in patients' tears and
      sera. Geometric mean titres of serum or tear antibody in defined populations or
      areas can thus give a useful indication of the prevalent serotypes. Collection of
      tear fluids on sponges is a more practical method than collection by filter paper
      strips and gives higher levels of antibody. The presence of antibody to Chlamydia
      trachomatis in tears correlates well with the presence of infectious agent in the
      eye and with the intensity of conjunctival inflammatory disease. The measurement
      of antichlamydial tear antibody can thus provide a meaningful index of the
      prevalence and intensity of active trachoma in a population. The role these
      antibodies may play in resistance to re-infection is not yet clear.

PMID- 687548
TI  - 4-hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic acid (HMMA) excretion in retinoblastoma.
AB  - 4-Hydroxy-3-methoxymandelic acid (HMMA) concentrations in aqueous humour, urine,
      and serum were simultaneously estimated to determine if these levels were raised
      in cases of retinoblastoma. The catecholamine content of aqueous humour was
      significantly higher than that of urine and serum, but as there was no
      significant difference in the HMMA concentration in retinoblastoma and other non
      malignant conditions it seems likely that retinoblastoma is not a catecholamine
      secreting tumour.

PMID- 687549
TI  - Ocular saccades in Duane's syndrome.
AB  - Since Hering's law might be affected when paradoxical innervation exists, 10
      patients with Duane's syndrome were studied. Eye movements were measured by
      binocular recording of electro-oculogram. Our study shows clearly that the sound
      eye's motility is also affected. When adduction of the affected eye is present,
      Hering's law holds, whereas when adduction is limited this law cannot be
      demonstrated.

PMID- 687550
TI  - The relationship between head and eye movement in congenital nystagmus with head
      shaking: objective recordings of a single case.
AB  - Head shaking and congenital nystagmus were recorded in a patient presented with
      visual tasks. When she was at rest the nystagmus took a 6 cycles per second saw
      tooth wave-form. When she was attentive the nystagmus beat at a 2 to 2.6 cycles
      per second with a saddle-shaped deformation which permitted foveation. The head
      shaking occurred occasionally when the patient was attentive and was phase-locked
      to the nystagmus with resemblances in wave form and direction. Deceleration of
      the head shaking to zero velocity and peak displacement (to the left) coincided
      with the onset of the saddle of the nystagmus and hence assisted foveation; all
      other parts of the head-shaking cycle were detrimental to vision. It is proposed
      that the head shaking has a common pathological origin with the nystagmus and
      that, just as an isolated congenital nystagmus wave form becomes altered with
      attention to permit periods of foveal fixation, the pattern of combined head and
      eye nodding in this patient provided similar peroids of fixation.

PMID- 687551
TI  - Neuro-ophthalmological complications of enlargement of the third ventricle.
AB  - A wide variety of visual sensory and ocular motor problems may occur as a direct
      result of enlargement of the third ventricle. Four patients are described with
      optic nerve dysfunction, partial third nerve palsy, proptosis, and Sylvian
      aqueduct syndrome all resulting from an enlarged third ventricle. The
      pathogenetic mechanisms are discussed.

PMID- 687552
TI  - Foveo-macular retinitis, solar retinopathy, and trauma.
AB  - Three patients are described with foveal lesions resembling minute holes
      following trauma. The similarity of the lesions to foveomacular retinitis and
      solar retinopathy suggests that all these conditions produce a similar, localised
      neuroretinal lesion with sparing of the pigment epithelium. Loss of the
      photoreceptors at the fovea would be expected to produce a lesion resembling a
      small retinal hole.

PMID- 687553
TI  - Senile macular changes in the black African.
AB  - One thousand black African and 380 white Caucasian patients over the age of 50
      were examined for evidence of age-related macular changes, namely, drusen,
      pigment epithelial atrophy, and disciform macular degeneration. Drusen and
      pigment epithelial changes were found to occur twice as commonly in Caucasians as
      in Africans; there was a much greater difference in the prevalence of disciform
      macular degeneration between the 2 groups. The cause of the differences remains
      unexplained.

PMID- 687554
TI  - Senile macular degeneration and geographic atrophy of the retinal pigment
      epithelium.
AB  - The case is reported of a man who had oval areas of atrophy of the retinal
      pigment epithelium in paracentral areas which previously had heavy concentrations
      of drusen OU. This supports the suggestion by others that atrophy of the RPE in
      senile macular disease may in some cases occur in the absence of previous serous
      detachment of the RPE.

PMID- 687555
TI  - The perifoveal vasculature in albinism.
AB  - The perifoveal vasculature was studied in a series of patients with
      oculocutaneous tyrosinase-positive albinism. Fluorescein angiographic studies
      show a normal distribution of the major retinal blood vessels and in some cases
      of the capillaries in the macular area of these patients.

PMID- 687556
TI  - An unusual macular lesion simulating a neoplasm.
AB  - A 55-year-old woman with reticulum cell sarcoma of the stomach presented with a
      sudden decrease in vision and acute blood loss anaemia with thrombocytopenia.
      Superficial retinal haemorrhages were present in both eyes. These haemorrhages
      were absorbed gradually, yet a large macular mass appeared in the right eye which
      simulated a neoplasm. This mass disappeared over a period of a few weeks leaving
      minimal changes in the pigment epithelium and remarkably good visual acuity.

PMID- 687557
TI  - Polymorphous presentations in vitelliform macular dystrophy: subretinal
      neovascularisation and central choroidal atrophy.
AB  - Two dominantly inherited macular dystrophies demonstrate the difficulty in
      establishing a diagnosis based on the fundus appearance. In 1 family the
      propositus presented with unilateral retinal haemorrhage associated with
      subretinal choroidal neovascularisation which remained unilateral over an 8-year
      period. In the other family the propositus presented with bilateral central
      choroidal atrophy. All affected family members had an abnormal electro-oculogram
      and a normal electroretinogram, suggesting the diagnosis of vitelliform macular
      dystrophy. Since vitelliform macular dystrophy has a wide range of expressivity,
      with polymorphous appearances of the fundus, the diagnosis is best made by the
      presence of a dominant mode of inheritance and an abnormal electro-oculogram.

PMID- 687558
TI  - Orbital blood cyst.
AB  - A blood cyst of the orbit is an unusual cause of proptosis and most likely arises
      in a pre-existing haemangioma. If the cyst occurs at the apex of the orbit the
      blood should be aspirated. This is followed by excision of the cyst wall, the
      dissection being done with the aid of an operating microscope. If there is
      evidence of intracranial connection of the blood cyst, namely, splayed superior
      orbital fissure or cerebrospinal fluid leak, then the patient should be treated
      with an antibiotic to prevent intracranial infection.

PMID- 687559
TI  - Phosphorus-31 chemical-shift tensors in barium diethyl phosphate and urea
      phosphoric acid: model compounds for phospholipid head-group studies.
AB  - The molecular orientations of the 31P chemical-shift tensors in the
      phosphodiester barium diethyl phosphate (BDEP) and in the nonesterified urea
      H3PO4 (UPA) complex were determined from single-crystal studies. Although the
      tensors possess qualitatively similar orientations, there are differences between
      the two tensors of the order of 20 degrees. The principal values of the BDEP
      tensor are within 5% of those found in powder spectra of phospholipids, and, for
      this and other reasons, which are discussed in detail, we believe BDEP is a good
      model chemical-shift tensor for lipid phosphate. With the BDEP tensor alone, one
      can label certain head-group conformations as improbable, and, in conjunction
      with oriented bilayer spectra, one can determine the conformation of lipid head
      groups. In addition, we suggest a technique for orienting crystals based on the
      transformation properties of shift tensors, and we demonstrate this method by
      applying it to UPA. Finally, our results allow us to assess the effect of shift
      anisotropy relaxation on 31P liquid spectra at high fields.

PMID- 687560
TI  - Spectroscopic studies of specifically deuterium labeled membrane systems. Nuclear
      magnetic resonance investigation of the effects of cholesterol in model systems.
AB  - Deuterium nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholines
      specifically labeled in positions 2', 3', 4', 6', 8', 10', 12', and 14', of the 2
      chain, of an N-deuteriomethylphosphatidylcholine, and of cholesterol-3alpha-d1,
      have been obtained by the Fourier transform method at 5.46 and 3.52 T on two
      "home-built" widebore superconducting magnet spectrometers, as a function of
      temperature and composition. Data on the specifically deuterium-labeled
      cholesterol molecule (in nonsonicated membrane systems) permits an estimate of
      the most probable angle of tilt of the sterol in the membrane, and evaluation of
      the order parameter (Salpha) describing rigid body motions in the bilayer.
      Segmental order parameters derived from the data presented allow calculation of
      individual chain segment projections onto the director axis and, consequently,
      estimation of effective chain length. It is shown that mathematical models which
      include chain tilt as well as those which neglect this type of rigid body motion
      give essentially identical results when applied to the
      dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine and dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine-cholesterol
      bilayer systems (in excess water, between 23 and 60 degrees C). Results of
      calculations of chain length and membrane thickness of a
      dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine-30 mol % cholesterol membrane system at 23 degrees
      C give excellent agreement when compared with recent high-resolution neutron
      diffraction data obtained on specifically deuterium labeled lecithin-cholesterol
      systems. No evidence for formation of lecithin-cholesterol complexes having
      lifetimes of approximately 30 ms has been found. Below the pure-lipid gel-liquid
      crystal phase transition temperature Tc but in the presence of cholesterol, we
      have obtained further evidence for 1-chain/2-chain nonequivalence. At 10 degrees
      C, the 2' segment of the 2 chain, but not the 2' segment of the 1 chain or the
      3', 6', or 12' segments of the 2 chain, is broadened almost beyond detection.
      These results are in agreement with similar effects reported recently for the
      dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine-cholesterol system and may indicate a bent
      configuration for the 2 chain, in the lecithin-cholesterol system. Further
      cooling below Tc results in loss of the 1-chain 2'-position signal intensity plus
      2-chain 3', 6', and 12' signals simultaneously. The increase in length of the 2
      chain of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine upon addition of 30 mol % cholesterol of
      23 degrees C is about 2.3 A. Addition of cholesterol to a choline-labeled
      lecithin results in complex behavior of the head group deuterium quadrupole
      splitting as a function of temperature, and cholesterol mole fraction. Above
      approximately 20 mol % cholesterol, the main effect is a decrease in quadrupole
      splitting as cholesterol content increases, the opposite effect to that observed
      with hydrocarbon chains.

PMID- 687561
TI  - Nucleotides contiguous to AUG affect translational initiation.

PMID- 687562
TI  - Separation and sequence of dipeptides using gas chromatography and mass
      spectrometry of their trimethylsilylated derivatives.
AB  - Dipeptides containing all 20 common amino acids in the amino and carboxyl
      positions were trimethylsilylated under a variety of conditions. The dipeptides
      (about 200 of the possible 400) were synthesized by conventional means or derived
      from polypeptides digested with dipeptidyl aminopeptidase. Derivatives were
      prepared in high yield by reaction with N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide
      in acetonitrile. Reaction products were identified by mass spectrometry. Numerous
      stationary phases and supports were compared in the gas chromatographic analysis
      of the derivatives. Best results were obtained with a 0.2 X 60 cm column packed
      with Chromosorb 750 coated with a 1% solution of OV-1. All Me3Si dipeptides
      except those containing arginine eluted in less than 30 min when the column was
      temperature programmed from 100 to 280 degrees C. The typical mass spectrum of
      trimethylsilylated dipeptides contains two significant ions used for
      identification: the ion derived from the amino terminal residue by beta cleavage
      of the central CH-CO bond and the molecular ion minus a methyl group. Other
      useful ions also have been noted. A sufficient variety of samples have been
      examined to establish predictable fragmentations which should allow the
      identification of all 400 possible dipeptides.

PMID- 687563
TI  - Two classes of beta pleated-sheet conformation in poly(L-tyrosine): a model for
      tertiary structure in native proteins.

PMID- 687564
TI  - Probes of the mechanism of zymogen catalysis.
AB  - Trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen hydrolyze p-nitrophenyl esters of several
      peptides and tert-butyloxycarbonyl amino acids. The best substrate found for
      chymotrypsinogen was Boc-Ala-ONp and for trypsinogen Z-Gly-Hyp-Gly-ONp.
      Comparison of the kinetic parameters indicates that in the zymogens the catalytic
      site is distorted and reduced in effectiveness by about two orders of magnitude,
      in addition to a 10 000-fold decrease in catalysis due to a distortion of the
      primary substrate binding site (Kerr, M.A., Walsh, K.A., & Neurath, H. (1976)
      Biochemistry 15, 5566). Using Boc-Ala-ONp as substrate and certain aldehydes and
      borates as inhibitors, the zymogens were tested for the integrity of the
      "oxyanion hole", but these results were largely inconclusive. Probes for the
      secondary binding sites indicated their presence in trypsinogen and their absence
      in chymotrypsinogen.

PMID- 687565
TI  - Two univalent electron transfers from putidaredoxin to bacterial cytochrome P450
      at subzero temperature.

PMID- 687566
TI  - Peptide hydroxamic acids as inhibitors of thermolysin.

PMID- 687567
TI  - Epoxide hydrase: structure-activity relationships of in vitro stimulators of the
      microsomal activity.

PMID- 687568
TI  - A carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance study of the molecular dynamics of
      methionine-enkephalin and alpha-endorphin in aqueous solution.

PMID- 687569
TI  - Structure of mutagen nucleic acid complexes in solution. Proton chemical shifts
      in 9-aminoacridine complexes with dG-dC, dC-dG, and dA-dT-dG-dC-dA-dT.
AB  - The influence of self-complementary oligodeoxynucleotides on the chemical shifts
      of protons of the mutagenic acridine dye 9-aminoacridine has been measured.
      Upfield shifts indicative of intercalative binding are found in the cases of dG
      dC, dC-dG, and dA-dT-dG-dC-dA-dT but not in dA-dT. Geometries for the complexes
      that are compatibile with the chemical-shift data and the X-ray structure of the
      complex between ri5C-rG and 9-aminoacridine determined by Sakore et al. [Sakore,
      T.D., Jain, S.C., Tsai, C., and Sobell, H.M. (1977), Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
      U.S.A. 74, 188--192] can be identified using recent theoretical estimates of
      shifts induced by nucleotide bases.

PMID- 687570
TI  - Infrared spectroscopy of polynucleotides in the carbonyl region in H2O solution:
      A.U systems.
AB  - Strong absorbance of water at 1645 cm-1 has previously prevented dependable
      observation of infrared spectra of H2O solutions in the carbonyl region. We have
      obtained reliable spectra in pure water and in alcohol-water mixtures in this
      region and used them to study A.U polynucleotide interaction. Spectra in pure
      water were obtained by computer subtraction of solvent from that of solution
      measured in short path length cells. Mixed solvents, by diluting the water,
      permit use of longer cells and standard double-beam compensation methods.
      Poly(adenylic acid) in H20 solution has a strong NH2 deformation band at 1659 cm
      1 coupled to an A ring vibration at 1605 cm-1. Poly(uridylic acid) has a broad
      band at approximately 1695 cm-1, predominantly C2 carbonyl stretch, an unresolved
      CR carbonyl band (probably near 1660 cm-1), and a ring vibration at approximately
      1636 cm-1. The large changes these spectra undergo when helical structures are
      formed are discussed and compared with changes observed in D2O.

PMID- 687571
TI  - Organization of 5-methylcytosine in chromosomal DNA.
AB  - The 5-methylcytosine residues of L-cells have been labeled with [methyl-3H]-L
      methionine and their chromatin localization studied using deoxyribonucleases. The
      kinetics of micrococcal nuclease digestion showed that the methylated cytosine
      residues are concentrated within regions resistant to nuclease digestion and
      preferentially missing from those regions between nucleosomes which are nuclease
      sensitive. Using DNA hybridization kinetic analysis, it is shown that 5
      methylcytosine is abundant in highly repeated sequences but is also present in
      middle repetitive and unique sequence DNA.

PMID- 687572
TI  - T4 polynucleotide ligase catalyzed joining on triple-stranded nucleic acids.
AB  - dT1O will form triple-stranded complexes with dAn and these complexes can serve
      as substrate for T4 polynucleotide ligase (EC 6.5.1.1). The rate of
      phosphodiester formation was found to be approximately the same as for the double
      stranded complex and, furthermore, the rate appears to be similar on the two
      strands in the complex. Joining of dT1O also took place in the presence of the
      double-stranded complexes dAn.dTn and dAn.rUn. Polyamines increase the rate of
      joining catalyzed by T4 polynucleotide ligase under certain conditions.

PMID- 687573
TI  - Conformational analysis of pyridoxal Schiff's bases. Nuclear magnetic resonance
      studies of the conformations about the C4-C4', Calpha-Cbeta, and N-Calpha bonds
      of the pyridoxal Schiff's bases of amino acids.
AB  - The solution conformations of a series of pyridoxal-amino acid Schiff's bases
      were analyzed using 13C and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. The 13C--1H
      coupling constants were assigned based on model compounds and isotopic labeling.
      The predominant conformation of the the C4--C4' bond was found to be "cis" based
      on nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) measurements and the "simultaneous" upfield
      shift of both H4' and H5' in the Schiff's bases of aromatic amino acids. Going
      from the monoanion (pD 8.2) to the dianion (pD 12.3), changes in these two
      effects suggested an increasing contribution of the "trans" conformer. The
      conformation of the N--Calpha bond was found to be approximately the same for all
      the Schiff's bases studied based on the long-range coupling constants 3J(C4'-
      Halpha) of these compounds, and the NOE studies indicate that there is a close
      spatial relationship between H4' and Halpha. The conformations of the Calpha-
      Cbeta bond of the Schiff's bases of aromatic amino acids were determined by
      stereospecific deuterium labeling at the beta position. A pi--pi interaction
      between the aromatic ring and the pi system of pyridoxal was observed which
      disappeared upon saturation of the aromatic ring.

PMID- 687574
TI  - Conformation-reactivity relationship for pyridoxal Schiff's bases. Rates of
      racemization and alpha-hydrogen exchange of the pyridoxal Schiff's bases of amino
      acids.
AB  - The role of stereoelectronic effects in controlling the reaction specificity of
      biological reactions involving pyridoxal phosphate-amino acid Schiff's bases was
      tested with nonenzymatic models. The rates of racemization and Halpha exchange of
      a series of pyridoxal-amino acid Schiff's bases were determined. The order of
      these rates does not parallel the predictions based solely on electronic or
      steric effect, but parallels the proportions of the reactive conformers (e.g.,
      conformers with the Calpha--Halpha bond orthogonal to the pi system) estimated by
      CPK models. The special reactivity of the phenylalanine Schiff's base was
      consistent with a special conformation in which some type of pi--pi interaction
      increases the proportion of exchangeable conformers, thus further substantiating
      the role of conformation in governing the reactivity of the Calpha--Halpha bond.
      Furthermore, semiempirical calculations of the conformation about the Calpha00N
      bond were performed using the CAMSEA conformational analysis program. The results
      of conformational calculations are consistent with the results of conformational
      analysis by nuclear magnetic resonance. The order of reactivity of the the Calpha
      -Halpha bond of the SB dianion, pH 12.0, predicted by calculation based on
      stereoelectronic effects, though not quantatively parallel to the observed rate
      constants, is qualitatively in agreement with the experimental results.

PMID- 687575
TI  - Modification of the arginines in parathyroid hormone: effect on biological
      activity.

PMID- 687576
TI  - Effect of membrane phospholipid compositional changes on adenylate cyclase in LM
      cells.
AB  - Adenylate cyclase activities were examined in mouse LM cell membranes which had
      been supplemented with polar head groups and/or fatty acids. Basal, fluoride-,
      and PGE1-stimulated activities varied systematically with changes in phospholipid
      composition, and PGE1-stimulated activities correlated with the average degree of
      unsaturation of the phospholipid fatty acids or with the primary amino group
      character of the phospholipid polar head groups. In addition, the Km for ATP of
      basal adenylate cyclase was systematically changed by both polar head group and
      fatty acid supplementation. Alteration of the membrane lipid composition also
      changed the temperature dependence of the enzyme and the lag time between
      addition of PGE1 and the onset of a change in catalytic rate. However, none of
      the alterations in the enzyme activity could be correlated with the viscosities
      of supplemented membranes and, instead, seemed to be characteristic for a
      specific polar head group or fatty acid composition. The data suggest a specific
      interaction of the enzyme with phospholipids and indicate that structural
      features of phospholipids may play a role in regulating adenylate cyclase
      activity. It is proposed that adenylate cyclase can exist in several different
      conformations in the membrane depending upon the phospholipid composition.

PMID- 687577
TI  - Further studies on the interaction between polynucleotides and antibodies to
      poly(inosinic acid). poly(cytidylic acid).
AB  - Interactions between antibodies to poly(inosinic acid).poly(cytidylic acid)
      [poly(I).poly(C)] (or Fab fragments) and double-stranded polynucleotides have
      been studied by several techniques. In quantitative precipitation tests, the
      amounts of precipitated antibodies depend upon salt concentration. This effect of
      salt is reversible. From the comparison of the association constants (deduced
      from fluorescence measurements) for the binding of Fab fragments to several
      polynucleotides, a direct interaction between atoms or groups of the bases, which
      can be involved in hydrogen bonds, can be excluded. The complexes between
      poly(I).poly(C) and Fab fragments interact with ethidium bromide. The association
      constants for the binding of ethidium bromide to poly(I).poly(C) and to
      poly(I).poly(C)-Fab fragments complexes are about the same, but Fab fragments
      reduce the number of base pairs available to ethidium bromide binding. At
      saturation of poly(I).poly(C) by Fab fragments, the number of binding sites of
      ethidium bromide is only reduced by a factor of two. It is concluded that all the
      nucleotide residues covered by the Fab fragment binding site do not interact with
      the amino acid residues. Circular dichroism studies of the complexes between Fab
      fragments and polynucleotides are in favor of some conformational change of the
      polynucleotides.

PMID- 687578
TI  - Characterization of the poly(adenylic acid) sequences in RNA synthesized in vitro
      by mouse myeloma nuclei.
AB  - The size and quantity of poly(A)sequences made by mouse myeloma nuclei in vitro
      are dependent on the concentration of KCI, ATP, other ribonucleoside
      triphosphates, as well as the nature of the divalent cation in the reaction
      medium. Reduction of the KC1 concentration from 120 mM to 5 mM, for example,
      stimulates poly(A) synthesis 10- to 20-fold. These poly (A) sequences are similar
      in size to cellular nuclear poly(A), but the RNA molecules to which they are
      attached are much shorter than poly(A) containing RNA molecules made at 120 mM
      KC1. Presence of Mn2+ in the medium led to a much more heterogenous population of
      poly(A) sequences. From such observations we have found reaction conditions in
      which nuclei synthesize molecules that resemble native nuclear poly(A) + RNA. Not
      only are the lengths and amounts of the poly(A) sequences similar, but they also
      undergo a terminal turnover like that of the poly(A) in hnRNA. An oligo(A)
      sequence that resembles the oligo(A) found in non-poly(A) containing hnRNA of
      mouse myeloma and HeLa cells is also synthesized in vitro. These observations
      suggest that some processing functions are retained during the in vitro
      incubation of these nuclei.

PMID- 687579
TI  - Small nuclear RNA molecules in nuclear ribonucleoprotein complexes from mouse
      erythroleukemia cells.

PMID- 687580
TI  - Gene-sized pieces produced by digestion of linear duplex DNA with mung bean
      nuclease.

PMID- 687581
TI  - Procollagen complementary DNA, a probe for messenger RNA purification and the
      number of type I collagen genes.
AB  - Type I procollagen mRNAs were separated from contaminating low-abundance
      messenger and nuclear RNAs by chromatography over Sepharose 4B in 0.65 M NaCl at
      room temperature. All of 27S rRNA and four-fifths of procollagen mRNAs bind to
      Sepharose under these conditions, while 18S rRNA and about three-fourths of other
      poly(A)-containing RNAs do not bind. AMV reverse transcriptase was used to
      prepare complementary DNA to procollagen mRNA at each purification step.
      Hybridization studies, in RNA excess, were carried out to establish the
      enrichment at each step both with respect to total RNA and to poly(A)-containing
      RNA. While "purified" procollagen mRNA preparations still consist of about 50%
      27S rRNA, over 80% of cDNA prepared from it back hybridizes to its template at a
      log of cr0t1/2 of -1.9. This type I procollagen cDNA hybridizes in DNA excess to
      DNA isolated from chicken erythrocytes and from embryonic chick calvaria at a log
      c0t1/2 of 3.1, demonstrating that procollagen cDNA is complementary to unique
      gene sequences in both tissues and that procollagen genes are not reiterated.

PMID- 687582
TI  - Developmental regulation in cotton seed germination: polyadenylation of stored
      messenger RNA.
AB  - Evidence that RNA preexisting in the cotyledons of mature cotton seed (stored
      mRNA) is polyadenylated during the first day of germination is presented, based
      on three different experimental data sets. First, actinomycin D is found to
      inhibit 32PO4 incorporation into mRNA-poly(A) by 62%, into mRNA by 70%, but into
      poly(A) only 30%. Second, far more 32PO4 and [2-3H]adenosine are incorporated
      into the poly(A) portion of mRNA-poly(A) than into the mRNA portion as would be
      expected from their relative sizes and base composition. This underlabeling of
      the mRNA moiety is enhanced when cotyledons are germinated in actinomycin D.
      However, an expected distribution of the isotopes between the mRNA and poly(A)
      moieties is found in cotyledons labeled later in germination. Third, spectral
      measurements of the absolute amount of mRNA-poly(A) accumulated during the first
      day of germination in cotyledons germinated in actinomycin D are larger than
      would be expected from the 70% inhibition of mRNA labeling caused by the drug.
      The three sets of data suggest that over 50% of the total mass of mRNA
      polyadenylated during early germination exists in the mature seed. Its
      complexity, however, has not been measured. These data may explain the
      sensitivity of much of germination enzyme synthesis to inhibition by 3'dAdo
      during early germination and its insensitivity to actinomycin D during this
      period.

PMID- 687583
TI  - Effect of double-stranded RNA associated with viral messenger RNA on in vitro
      protein synthesis.

PMID- 687584
TI  - Biochemical and electron microscopic characterization of DNA-RNA complexes from
      HeLa cell mitochondria.
AB  - The previous electron microscopic investigations on the occurrence in HeLa cell
      mitochondria of transcription complexes of mitochondrial DNA [Aloni, Y., and
      Attardi, G. (1972a), J. Mol. Biol. 70, 363-373] have been extended with the aim
      of obtaining these complexes in a reasonably pure form for biochemical analysis.
      By using conditions designed to minimize losses of such structures and any
      possible contamination by nuclear DNA, it has been shown that a substantial
      fraction (40 to 50%) of mitochondrial DNA can be isolated from exponentially
      growing HeLa cells in the form of fastsedimenting complexes with RNA. These
      complexes have been characterized with respect to density and sedimentation
      properties, content in newly synthesized RNA, stability of the association of RNA
      with DNA, presence of different forms of mitochondrial DNA, and electron
      microscopic appearance. The properties of these complexes, as well as the results
      of reconstruction experiments, strongly suggest that the majority of such
      structures represent true transcriptional intermediates. The occurrence in this
      fraction of replicating or newly replicated mitochondrial DNA molecules has been
      observed. Although the presence of single-stranded DNA segments makes the
      replicative intermediates particularly susceptible to aggregation with free RNA,
      electron microscopic observations point to the possibility that these
      intermediates may be recruited for transcription.

PMID- 687585
TI  - X-ray crystal and molecular structure and absolute configuration of (dihydrogen
      tripolyphosphato) tetraamminecobalt(III) monohydrate, Co(NH3)4H2P3O10.H2O. A
      model for a metal-nucleoside polyphosphate complex.

PMID- 687586
TI  - Molecular order in cis and trans unsaturated phospholipid bilayers.

PMID- 687587
TI  - Preparation and properties of cobalt(II) rubredoxin.

PMID- 687588
TI  - Binding of low-affinity and high-affinity heparin to antithrombin. Ultraviolet
      difference spectroscopy and circular dichroism studies.

PMID- 687589
TI  - Kinetics of passive anion transport across the human erythrocyte membrane.

PMID- 687590
TI  - beta-elimination of beta-halo substrates by D-amino acid transaminase associated
      with inactivation of the enzyme. Trapping of a key intermediate in the reaction.

PMID- 687591
TI  - Covalent structure of collagen: amino acid sequence of five consecutive CNBr
      peptides from type III collagen of human liver.
AB  - Type III collagen was solubilized from human liver by limited pepsin digestion
      and purified by differential salt precipitation and carboxymethylcellulose
      chromatography. Digestion with cyanogen bromide yielded the nine distinct
      peptides previously described and an additional tripeptide not recognized in
      earlier studies. Five of these peptides, alpha1 (III)-CB1, 2, 4, 8, and 10, were
      further purified by molecular sieve and/or ion exchange chromatography. They
      contained 12, 40, 149, 125 and 3 amino acid residues, respectively. The amino
      acid sequence of these peptides was determined by automated Edman degradation of
      tryptic (before and after maleylation), chymotryptic, thermolytic or
      hydroxylamine-derived peptide fragments as well as the intact peptides. The
      alignment of these five peptides within the collagen chain is deduced to be 1-8
      10-2-4 by homology with known alpha1 (I) sequences. The known CNBr peptide
      alignment of the NH2-terminal portion of type III collagen so far would,
      therefore, be alpha1 (III)-CB3-7-6-1-8-10-2-4 and correspond to the homologous
      region of alpha1 (I)-CB0-1-2-4-5-8-3 or residues 11-567 of the alpha1 (III)
      collagen chain.

PMID- 687592
TI  - Structural studies on rabbit transferrin: isolation and characterization of the
      glycopeptides.
AB  - The structure of rabbit transferrin was investigated with regard to number, size,
      and composition of the heteropolysaccharide units and their relative location on
      the polypeptide chain. The composition and molecular weight of the Pronase
      glycopeptides revealed that rabbit transferrin contains two heteropolysaccharide
      units, each composed of 2 sialic acid residues, 2 galactose residues, 3 mannose
      residues, and 4-N-acetylglucosamine residues. The composition and molecular
      weight of the tryptic glycopeptides further substantiated the existence of two
      identical heteropolysaccharide units and revealed that both units have identical
      amino acid residues in the immediate vicinity of the carbohydrate attachment
      sites to the polypeptide chain, suggesting a sequence homology surrounding the
      two glycosylation sites. Characterization of the cyanogen bromide fragments from
      rabbit transferrin indicated that both heteropolysaccharide units are located
      within a single polypeptide fragment representing approximately one-third of the
      molecule.

PMID- 687593
TI  - Use of dyes to estimate the electrical potential of the mitochondrial membrane.
AB  - A number of cationic or anionic fluorescent dyes were investigated as possible
      monitors of the membrane potential of rat liver mitochondria, and giant
      mitochondria isolated from the liver of mice maintained on a diet containing
      cuprizone. The fluorescence of four dyes (8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid,
      merocyanine 540, 3,3'-dipropyl-thiocarbocyanine, and bis[1,3-dibutylbarbituric
      acid-(5)]-pentamethine oxonol) was found to respond appropriately to changes in
      an apparent K+ diffusion potential. Generally, valinomycin-induced K+ diffusion
      potentials as calculated using the Nernst equation were used to calibrate the
      dependence of the fluorescence on the membrane potential. The appropriateness of
      this approach was verified for two dyes using microelectrodes in giant
      mitochondria. The apparent membrane potential change induced by the addition of
      succinate was variable but was very low and generally less than 60 mV in
      magnitude. The results are consistent with the notion that a large membrane
      potential is not established upon the initiation of metabolism and that the
      membrane potential does not play a significant role in the observed ADP
      phosphorylation.

PMID- 687594
TI  - Complete amino acid sequence of the myoglobin from the Dall porpoise
      (Phocoenoides dalli dalli) and reinvestigation of the primary structure of the
      myoglobin from common porpoise (Phocoena phocoena).

PMID- 687595
TI  - Physicochemical characterization and molecular organization of the collagen A and
      B chains.

PMID- 687596
TI  - Sulfhydryls of platelet tubulin: their role in polymerization and colchicine
      binding.
AB  - Sulfhydryls and disulfides of platelet tubulin have been quantified, their
      accessibility and reactivity measured, and their role in polymerization and
      colchicine binding evaluated. Platelet tubulin isolated by two cycles of
      temperature-dependent polymerization--depolymerization was found to contain 12
      free sulfhydryl groups per tubulin monomer all of which reacted rapidly with p
      chloromercuribenzoate. One sulfhydryl was inaccessible to dithiobis(nitrobenzoic
      acid). Under anaerobic conditions of tubulin extraction, one intrachain disulfide
      bridge was found per tubulin monomer. Polymerization of tubulin reduced the
      number of sulfhydryls by one which were able to react with p
      chloromercuribenzoate or dithiobis(nicotinic acid) but did not affect the
      disulfide bridge. Polymerizability of platelet tubulin was very sensitive to
      blocking of free sulfhydryl groups. Complete inhibition of microtubule assembly
      was obtained when the number of free sulfhydryls per tubulin was reduced by 3 but
      could be reversed by the addition of dithiothreitol. Colchicine binding, on the
      other hand, was only minimally influenced by blocking of sulfhydryls.

PMID- 687597
TI  - Studies on the mechanism of action of plasma amine oxidase.

PMID- 687598
TI  - Kinetics of the action of thermolysin on peptide substrates.

PMID- 687599
TI  - Isolation of six novel phosphoinositol-containing sphingolipids from tobacco
      leaves.
AB  - A concentrate of phosphosphingolipids from tobacco leaves has been resolved into
      two groups by chromatography on diethylaminoethylcellulose. The first group
      eluted contains no acetyl residues, whereas the second group contains one N
      acetyl/mol of phosphorus. Three lipids from each group have been purified by
      chromatography on Porasil columns. The chemical composition of these six novel
      lipids shows them to be related to the previously characterized
      phosphosphingolipids PSL-I, N-acetylglucosamine[glucuronic acid, inositol
      phosphate]ceramide and PSL-II, glucosamine[glucuronic acid, inositol phosphate]
      ceramide [Kaul, K.,and Lester,R. L. (1975), Plant Physiol. 55, 120]. The novel
      lipids are: PSL-IA, PSL-I-[Ara2Gal2]; PSL-IB, PSL-I-[Ara3Gal2]; PSL-IC, PSL-I
      [Ara4Gal2]; PSL-IIA, PSL-II-[Ara3Gal]; PSL-IIB, PSL-II-[Ara2or3Gal2]; PSL-IIC,
      PSL-II-[Ara2Gal2Man]. The unusual finding of unacetylated hexosamine in the PSL
      II group of lipids appears not to be an artifact, as suggested by experiments
      involving rapid harvesting and processing of the tobacco leaves. Some of the
      fractions obtained by chromatography on diethylaminoethylcellulose appear to
      contain phosphosphingolipids with 16 or more sugar residues.

PMID- 687600
TI  - Fusion of phosphatidylcholine bilayer vesicles: role of free fatty acid.
AB  - The transformation of DMPC vesicles containing myristic acid to larger structures
      was examined by nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. The process was found to
      be characterized by a rate which is approximately first order in vesicle
      concentration. Rates, however, show a dramatic increase with increasing myristic
      acid content. The fatty acid is characterized as being active under conditions in
      which it is neutral and dispersed in the bulk bilayer phase. In addition a 1:1
      correlation was noted between leakage of contents and vesicle transformation. On
      the basis of these observations a mechanism is postulated involving stabilization
      of leaks in bilayer membranes by myristic acid, and the resultant formation of
      activated sites for vesicle transformation. The relation to fusion in natural
      systems is discussed.

PMID- 687601
TI  - Ligand binding sites and subunit interactions of Torpedo californica
      acetylcholine receptor.
AB  - A [3H]bisazido derivative of ethidium bromide was synthesized to identify sites
      of interaction of ethidium with the acetylcholine receptor from Torpedo
      californica and to aid in localization of ligand binding sites. For purified
      solubilized acetylcholine receptor it was shown (a) that the photolabel was
      competitive with ethidium bromide, (b) dodecyl sulfate--polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis revealed that all four polypeptide components were labeled with
      [3H]ethidium azide, and (c) alpha-bungarotoxin inhibited the labeling of the 40
      000-dalton subunit. Photolabeling of acetylcholine--receptor enriched membrane
      fragments led to the following conclusions: (a) the photochemical reaction was
      more selective than for purified acetylcholine receptor, since the 40 000-dalton
      subunit was preferentially labeled; this result demonstrated differences in the
      topography of receptor subunits depending on whether the molecule was in
      detergent solution or in a membrane-bound state, (b) alpha-bungarotoxin inhibited
      labeling of the 40 000-dalton subunit, (c) ligand-induced conformational changes
      resulted in different subunit labeling patterns. The results imply that
      conformational changes generated at the 40 000 molecular weight subunit upon
      cholinergic ligand interaction cause further intermolecular structural changes
      that involve subunits of higher molecular weight. These higher molecular weight
      subunits therefore belong to a supramolecular complex of polypeptides associated
      with the postsynaptic membrane.

PMID- 687602
TI  - Characterization of the estradiol receptor extracted from nuclei by micrococcal
      nuclease.

PMID- 687603
TI  - Conformation examination of uridine diphosphoglucose using lanthanide
      nitrilotriacetate chelates as shift probes.
AB  - A 13C NMR study utilizing the lanthanide-induced shift (LIS) technique was
      carried out on uridine diphosphoglucose (UDPG) in order to determine the solution
      conformation. The neutral, water soluble nitrilotriacetate chelates, Ln(NTA),
      were used in preference to the bare ions due to the potency of the latter in
      hydrolyzing the UDPG. In addition to the primary binding site at the
      pyrophosphate moiety, secondary binding to the uracil carbonyl groups was
      observed and found to be a function of the size of the lanthanide ion; the
      largest ions showed the greatest relative affinity for the carbonyl groups. This
      effect was overcome by extrapolating the observed shift ratios to zero
      Ln(NTA)/[UDPG]. The extrapolated shift ratios were relatively constant for a
      series of five lanthanides indicating the solution conformation of UDPG is
      insensitive to metal ion size. The conformation of the UDPG was found to be
      extended so that the uracil carbons as well as carbons 1', 2', and 3' of the
      ribose are outside of the pseudo-contact shift cone with the remaining carbons
      inside the cone.

PMID- 687604
TI  - Isolation of the ADP, ATP carrier as the carboxyatractylate . protein complex
      from mitochondria.
AB  - The procedure for the isolation from mitochondria of the undenatured ADP, ATP
      carrier is described. The condition of retaining the nativity are elaborated. 1.
      As indicator for the ADP, ATP carrier (35S)- or (3H) carboxyatractylate were
      used. By preloading the mitochondria with carboxyatractylate, a stable
      carboxyatractylate . protein complex could be retained after solubilization with
      Triton X-100. Among the polyoxyethylene detergents emulphogen is also
      solubilizing, whereas Brij and Lubrol fail to solubilize. 2. When unloaded
      mitochondria are solubilized the capacity for binding carboxyatractylate
      disappears rapidly, particularly at 20 degrees C. 3. When mitochondria are
      preloaded with atractylate, the binding after solubilization with Triton X-100 is
      considerably lower than with carboxyatractylate, indicating that the high
      affinity of carboxyatractylate is required for effectively protecting the
      protein. 4. For purification hydroxyapatite is most effective. The
      carboxyatractylate-protein complex appears in the pass-through whereas the bulk
      of other mitochondrial proteins are retained such that a 7-fold purification is
      obtained. The nonadsorptivity to hydroxyapatite is dependent on the undenatured
      state maintained in the carboxyatractylate . protein complex. 5. Subsequent gel
      filtration on Sepharose results in a 1.5-fold further enrichment of specific
      carboxyatractylate binding up to 17 mumol/g protein, corresponding to a 10-fold
      purification from mitochondria. This value cannot be increased with further
      measures. 6. At the last purification step, in sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis virtually a single band of 30 000 molecular
      weight is found, confirming the purity at this stage. A molecular weight of 60
      000 is calculated from the carboxyatractylate binding, indicating that the
      carboxyatractylate protein complex consists of two 30 000 subunits. From this the
      protein share of the ADP, ATP carrier in beef heart mitochondria can be
      calculated to amount to 9.5%9 7. The intact carboxyatractylate . protein complex
      is protected against proteolytic degradation. The release of carboxyatractylate
      ensues a conformational change of protein as assayed by conformation specific
      antibodies, concomitant with unmasking of proteolytic site as assayed by tryptic
      digestion. 8. The amino acid composition indicates hydrophobicity (39% polarity)
      and a high content of basic amino acid such as lysine and arginine. There is 1.5
      mol percent cysteine and a blocked N-terminal. 9. From the solubilized complex
      (35S) carboxyatractylate can be removed by carboxyatractylate, ADP and ATP but
      not by ITP, etc., indicating the presence of recognizing sites specific fof ADP,
      ATP and therefore, identity with the ADP, ATP carrier. 10. Other reported
      procedures for isolating the ADP, ATP carrier are shown to either fail or have
      lower yield than the present, original procedure.

PMID- 687605
TI  - Glutamate transport in pig heart mitochondria. Binding and structural properties
      of high-glutamate affinity proteolipid: reconstitution studies.
AB  - Previously, a proteolipid that can bind glutamate with high affinity has been
      isolated from pig heart mitochondrial membranes. A final affinity chromatography
      on gamma-methylglutamate-albumin coreticulated on glass fiber was necessary. This
      procedure includes long dialysis steps which tend to denature the high-glutamate
      affinity proteolipid. Here is described a new method of isolation which avoids
      long dialysis steps and yields greater amounts of the high-glutamate affinity
      proteolipid. The binding of glutamate or aspartate on high-glutamate affinity
      proteolipid has been studied by gel filtration, by equilibrium dialysis or by a
      new procedure of rapid centrifugation based on the insolubility of high-glutamate
      affinity proteolipid in water. The latter method permits the detection of low and
      high affinity sites for glutamate with a Kd 60 mM and 55 muM, respectively. Among
      a series of analogues, aspartate appeared to be the best competitor: Kd = 30 muM
      and two Ki values, 0.37 mM (at high glutamate concentration) and 3.8 muM (at low
      glutamate concentration). High-glutamate affinity proteolipid binds 0.4 nmol of
      glutamate but only 0.1 nmol of aspartate per mg protein. The sites for glutamate
      and aspartate appear to be different but interdependent. In the presence of high
      glutamate affinity proteolipid, externally added glutamate stimulated the efflux
      of aspartate from preloaded liposomes. High-glutamate affinity proteolipid
      contains cardiolipin, phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl ethanolamine the
      distribution of which is different from that of the inner membrane. The effects
      of various phospholipases, trypsin, and thiol reagents were studied on the
      binding of glutamate. High-glutamate affinity proteolipid binds 9 nmol N
      ethylmaleimide per mg protein but only 6.1 nmol in the presence of glutamate. The
      dissociation of high-glutamate affinity proteolipid caused by thiol reagents
      yielded a soluble protein fraction with higher affinity for glutamate.
      Electrophoresis and an immunological approach allowed the detection and titration
      of the glutamate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase present in high
      glutamate affinity proteolipid in inhibited forms, the latter being 26-fold more
      concentrated than the former.

PMID- 687606
TI  - Studies on the uptake of porphyrin by isolated rat liver mitochondria.
AB  - 1. The uptake of deuteroporphyrin by isolated rat liver mitochondria proceeds by
      two different mechanisms, a passive binding, and a mechanism sensitive to CCCP
      plus valinomycin, with different pH, temperature and time dependencies. 2. The
      CCCP plus valinomycin-sensitive uptake of deuteroporphyrin parallels the
      transmembrane potassium gradient ([K+in]/[K+out]). 3. Only that deuteroporphyrin
      taken up in parallel to the transmembrane potassium gradient is accessible to
      ferrochelatase. 4. The uptake of deuteroporphyrin at high concentrations is
      followed by series of damaging effects on the mitochondria: uncoupling,
      dissipation of the mitochondrial energy potential, increased ion permeability and
      leakage of endogenous potassium. 5. The detrimental effects of porphyrins at high
      concentrations on mitochondrial structure might explain the apparently unrelated
      metabolic aberrations characteristic of certain porphyric diseases.

PMID- 687607
TI  - Derivative absorption spectroscopy from 5--300 K of Prosthecochloris aestuarii.
AB  - Absorption spectra of the bacteriochlorophyll a-protein from Prosthecochloris
      aesturaii were measured at temperatures from 2.9 to 300 K. Fourth and eight
      derivatives of the spectra were calculated from the digital data. From an
      analysis of 34 scans taken from 750 to 850 nm at 5 K, and 130 scans taken from
      822 to 838 nm, we find evidence for nine peaks, six of which are probably 0--0
      excitonic and three probably higher vibronic features. The major peaks are
      resolved in the derivative spectra to 300 K, and all shift with temperature by
      less than 1 nm compared to their 5 K positions, except for the 825 nm peak which
      shifts about 2 nm. The most prominent fourth derivative peak at 300 K shifts from
      812.9 nm in the standard buffer solution to 814.1 nm in the cryogenic solution in
      which our low temperature measurements were made. We conclude that the
      conformation of the protein at 5 K is essentially the same as at 300 K.

PMID- 687608
TI  - Determination and modification of the redox state of the secondary acceptor of
      photosystem II in the dark.
AB  - The redox state of the secondary electron acceptor B of Photosystem II was
      studied using flourescence measurements. Preillumination of algae or chloroplasts
      with a variable number of short saturating flashes followed rapidly by the
      addition of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea induces oscillations of the
      initial level of fluorescence. The phase of these oscillations is characteristic
      of a given B/B-ratio in the dark-adapted samples. We conclude from our results
      that about 50% of the secondary electron acceptors are singly reduced in the dark
      in chlorella cells, but that more than 70% are fully oxidized in the dark adapted
      chloroplasts. Benzoquinone treatment modifies this distribution in Clorella
      leading to the same situation as in chloroplasts, i.e. more than 70% of the
      secondary acceptors are oxidized in the dark. The same ratio is observed if these
      algae are illuminated and then dark-adapted, unless an artificial donor
      (hydroxylamine) is added before this illumination. In that case about 50% B- is
      generated and stabilized in the dark.

PMID- 687609
TI  - Interactions between photosystem II components in chloroplast membranes. A
      correlation between the existence of a low potential species of cytochrome b-559
      and low chlorophyll fluorescence in inhibited and developing chloroplasts.
AB  - 1. Chloroplasts inhibited by incubation with hydroxylamine in the light exhibit a
      low fluorescence yield upon illumination in the presence of dithionite sufficient
      to completely reduce the primary acceptor, Q. In the absence of magnesium ions,
      the fluorescence yield is the same as in control chloroplasts, suggesting that
      the reason for the low yield is a defect in the mechanism by which Mg2+ enhances
      the fluorescence. These chloroplasts were previouly shown to contain only low
      potential (Em7.8 = +80 mV) cytochrome b-559 (Horton, P. and Croze, E (1977)
      Biochim. Biophys. Acta 462, 86-101). 2. In Photosystem II particles, in heat
      treated chloroplasts and in trypsin-digested chloroplasts, high potential
      cytochrome b-559 is absent and the variable fluorescence yield is again low. 3.
      Peas grown under intermittent light contain only one-fifth of the content of high
      potential cytochrome b-559 seen in fully greened plants, yet show high rates of
      water to methyl viologen electron transport. Aquisition of the high potential
      cytochrome b-559 accompanies synthesis of chlorophyll b, the onset of Mg
      stimulated fluorescence and an increased variable yield of fluorescence. A
      similar correlation was seen during greening of dark-grown barley. 4. It is
      proposed that the high potential state of cytochrome b-559 is due to the same
      membrane properties which allow cation enhanced variable fluorescence, so that
      the presence of low potential cytochrome b-559 is accompanied by a decrease in
      variable fluorescence yield.

PMID- 687610
TI  - Phospholipid substitution of the purple membrane. The stoichiometry of light
      induced proton release by phospholipid-substituted purple membranes.
AB  - The method of Warren et al. (1974, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S. 71, 622--626) was
      employed to substitute the polar lipids of the purple membrane of Halobacterium
      halobium by different phosphatidylcholine species. Substitution at pH 6.5 yields
      proteolipid complexes in the form of bent open sheets which have a protein to
      lipid phosphorus ratio similar to the natural membrane, i.e. about 1 : 10
      (mol/mol). The extent of substitution increases with the length of the fatty acid
      chain of the phosphatidylcholine used. The spectral properties of
      bacteriorhodopsin are only slightly affected by substitution of 95% of the lipid,
      except that the photocycle is slowed down appreciably. Due to this slow rate the
      M412 intermediate of the cycle accumulates in the light. Associated with this
      accumulation is a net light-induced proton release, which proved insensitive to
      uncoupler. A comparison between the net proton release and the amount of M412
      accumulated, studied as a function of pH, shows that no fixed stoichiometry
      exists between the two processes. Phospholipid substitution by egg
      phosphatidylcholine at pH 7.5 or by egg phosphatidylethanolamine leads to
      preparations of purple membrane with 15 or 25 mol of phospholipid per mol of
      bacteriorhodopsin, respectively. These preparations seem to consist of closed
      membrane structures. They take up protons in the light in an uncoupler-sensitive
      way.

PMID- 687611
TI  - Metabolic effects of some electrofluorimetric dyes.
AB  - The effect of five electrofluorimetric dyes on mitochondrial metabolism was
      examined to determine their suitability for mitochondrial studies and other
      biological uses. The dyes merocyanine 540, 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonic acid
      and bis(1,3-dibutyl barbituric acid-(5))-pentamethane oxonol were found to be
      inhibitors of the respiratory chain. However, the first two exerted their effect
      only at high concentrations. 3.3'-Dihexyl-2,2'-oxacarbocyanine was found to act
      as an uncoupler. 3,3'-Dipropyl-thiocarbocyanine inhibited beta-hydroxybutyrate
      respiration while dissociating succinate supported respiration from the
      phosphorylation of ADP. Merocyanine 540 and 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonic acid
      may be the best suited for studies of membrane potentials in mitochondria since
      their effect on metabolism is negligible

PMID- 687612
TI  - Mitochondrial phosphate transport and the N-ethylmaleimide binding proteins of
      the inner membrane.
AB  - Mitochondria have been prepared from the flight muscles of mature blow-flies
      (Sarcophaga bullata). Phosphate transport by these mitochondria, determined by
      rates of passive swelling in ammonium phosphate, is sensitive to inhibition by N
      ethylmaleimide. 20 nmol of N-ethylmaleimide/nmol cytochrome A inhibit the
      swelling by 90%. When the mitochondria are inhibited by N-[3H]ethylmaleimide,
      then solubilized in dodecyl sulfate/mercaptoethanol at 100 degrees C and then
      electrophoresed on dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels, many labeled protein
      bands can be detected, including a large labeled peak that has the same mobility
      as the tracking dye, bromophenol blue. Sonic submitochondrial particles that are
      prepared from the N-[3H]ethylmaleimide-labeled mitochondria, solubilized, and
      electrophoresed on dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels, possess only seven major
      labeled protein bands with no radioactive peak at the tracking dye. These labeled
      proteins have molecular weights of 71, 68, 64, 45, 32, 30, and approx. 10 .
      10(3). The nmol N-[3H]ethylmaleimide bound to each of these proteins per nmol
      cytochrome A are 0.15, 0.19, 0.35, 0.45, 0.87, 0.10, and 0.17, respectively, when
      the mitochondria are inhibited with 21.5 mol N-[3H]ethylmaleimide/mol cytochrome
      a at 10 micron cytochrome A. Coty and Pedersen (1975) J. Biol. Chem. 250, 3515
      3521) sensitized rat liver mitochondria to N-[3H]ethylmaleimide and identified
      five labeled proteins. Only the labeled 32 . 10(3) dalton and the 45 . 10(3)
      dalton proteins are common to both systems.

PMID- 687613
TI  - Linear dichroism of electric field oriented bacteriochlorophyll alpha-protein
      from green photosynthetic bacteria.
AB  - Bacteriochlorophyll alpha-protein from Prosthecochloris aestuarii strain 2K was
      oriented in a pulsed electric field. The room temperature linear dichroism
      spectrum of the oriented protein in the Qy region of the bacteriochlorophyll
      alpha absorption exhibits a single asymmetrical peak at 813 nm with a shoulder
      extending to the blue. The approximately equal 12 nm fullwidth of the linear
      dichroism peak is only about half that of the 300 K absorption spectrum. The
      linear dichroism at 813 nm was not saturated at field strengths of up to 15
      kV/cm. The time dependence of the linear dichroism suggests that the orienting
      particles are aggregates of at least some tens of bacteriochlorophyll alpha
      protein trimers. The linear dichroism peak coincides in wavelength with the 813
      nm peak of the 300 K, 4th derivative absorption spectrum of the protein and is
      therefore attributed to the bacteriochlorophyll a Qy exciton transition observed
      in absorption at the same wavelength.

PMID- 687614
TI  - Photovoltages in suspensions of magnetically oriented chloroplasts.
AB  - The photovoltage of suspensions of magnetically oriented chloroplasts using
      polarized light of 680 nm has been measured. The magnitude of the photo e.m.f.
      depends on the polarization of the light and on its direction of propagation with
      respect to the oriented thylakoid planes. This photo e.m.f. is qualitatively
      attributed to the Dember effect which arises when inhomogeneous light absorption
      gives rise to a gradient of positive and negative charges along x , where x is
      the direction defined by the propagation vector of the light and which is also
      the direction joining the two electrodes. The photovoltage obtained with the
      planes of the oriented thylakoids parallel to x depends on the plane of
      polarization of the incident light and shows that (1) the magnitude of the
      photovoltage depends on the absorption coefficient (which itself is polarization
      dependent) and thus on the magnitude of the charge gradient produced by the
      inhomogeneously absorbed light, and (2) a charge gradient within the planes of
      the thylakoids can give rise to the macroscopic photovoltage. While our
      experimental observations are basically in agreement with those previously
      reported (Fowler, C.F. and Kok, B.(1974) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 357, 308-318 and
      Witt, H.T. and Zickler, A. (1973) FEBS Lett. 37, 307-310) for unoriented
      chloroplasts, their interpretation of the origin of this effect in terms of a
      transmembrane potential must be modified in view of our results obtained with
      oriented chloroplasts. The macroscopically observed photovoltage of oriented
      chloroplasts is due to the creation of charge gradients either parallel or
      perpendicular to the thylakoid planes by a flash of light, the diffusion of these
      charges and to differences in the mobilities of the negative and positive
      charges. This interpretation in terms of the Dember effect is completely
      consistent with the existence of a transmembrane electric field as proposed by
      Fowler and Kok, as well as by Witt and Zickler. However, macroscopic measurements
      of the photovoltage using either oriented or unoriented chloroplast suspensions
      cannot prove that a transmembrane voltage exists, as previously claimed.

PMID- 687615
TI  - A molecular basis for an irreversible thermodynamic description on non
      electrolyte permeation through lipid bilayers.
AB  - The non-electrolyte permeability of liposomal membranes has been investigated
      according to the concepts of irreversible thermodynamics. A strong interaction
      between the permeation of solute and water was observed. This solute-solvent
      interaction can be fully described by assuming that a number of water molecules
      will copermeate with each molecule of solute. This number of copermeating water
      molecules is independent of the nature of the permeant and of temperature, but
      depends on the osmotic concentration of impermeants inside the liposomes.

PMID- 687616
TI  - Non-electrolyte permeability as a tool for studying membrane fluidity.
AB  - 1. The reflection coefficient for the permeation of thiourea through bilayers of
      phosphatidylcholine is a function of the fatty-acid composition of the lipid
      molecules. By means of these reflection coefficients an index for membrane
      fluidity has been given to each of those lipids, relative to that of egg
      phosphatidylcholine. 2. The maximum number of water molecules that can copermeate
      with each molecule of solute by means of solute-solvent interaction is a function
      of the packing of the lipid molecules in the bilayer. This parameter has been
      used in this paper for characterizing the fluidity of cholesterol-containing
      membranes and for membranes with their lipids in the gel state.

PMID- 687617
TI  - Pretransitions in the hydrocarbon chains of phosphatidylethanolamines. A wide
      angle X-ray diffraction study.
AB  - The hydrocarbon chain packing of fully hydrated phosphatidylethanolamine
      multilayers is investigated by X-ray diffraction. An analysis of the wide angle
      reflections (short spacings) as a function of temperature indicates that, apart
      from the well-known ordered-disordered lipid phase transition, a second
      transition takes place at lower temperatures. This transition, which is in the
      present paper referred to as the pretransition, is characterized by a
      transformation of the hydrocarbon chain packing. A first model for the chain
      lattice is presented, which gives rise to the expectation that similar
      pretransitions might be found with other phospholipids.

PMID- 687618
TI  - Surface potential of phosphatidylserine monolayers. I. Divalent ion binding
      effect.
AB  - Surface potentials of phosphatidylserine monolayers have been measured in the
      presence of different divalent ion concentrations in order to determine the way
      in which divalent ions bind to the membrane surface. The association constants
      for divalent ions (Mg2+, Ca2+ and Mn2+) with the phosphatidylserine membrane have
      been obtained from the experimental data and simple ion binding theory. The order
      of divalent ion binding to the membrane is Mn2+ greater than Ca2+ greater than
      Mg2+. However, none of the divalent ions used completely neutralized the negative
      charge of phosphatidylserine even at relatively high concentrations. The amounts
      of the divalent ions bound depended upon the concentration of the monovalent ions
      present in the subphase. It is suggested that the amounts of bound ions obtained
      from the use of radioisotope tracer methods may include a considerable
      contribution from the excess free ions in the double layer region of the
      phosphatidylserine membrane.

PMID- 687619
TI  - The interaction of detergents with bilayer lipid membranes.
AB  - Detergents are widely used for extracting and purifying membrane proteins. Four
      such detergents have been studied to find the extent to which they alone can
      alter black lipid film conductances. The slope of the plot of conductivity versus
      concentration for Triton X-100 is 4.54 in the range 0.025--0.15 mM; dodecyl
      sulphate 0.82 in the range 0.01--1 mM; sodium deoxycholate 1.03 in the range 0.01
      -1 mM and sodium cholate 1.37 in the range 0.1--10 mM. These ranges are below the
      respective critical micelle concentrations; above these concentrations the
      membranes break. Bilayer lipid membrane conductivity measured at constant
      detergent concentration increases with the conductivity of the bathing salt
      solution with a slope greater than 1, indicating an effect on the putative pore
      structures induced by detergents.

PMID- 687620
TI  - Effect of amphotericin B on cholesterol-containing liposomes of egg
      phosphatidylcholine and didocosenoyl phosphatidylcholine. A refinement of the
      model for the formation of pores by amphotericin B in membranes.
AB  - (1) Binding and K+-permeability measurements were performed on egg and 22 : 1c/22
      : 1c-phosphatidylcholine liposomes with or without cholesterol. (2) Amphotericin
      B binds specifically to cholesterol in both types of liposome despite the
      difference in bilayer thickness. (3) Addition of amphotericin B to one side of
      the cholesterol-containing egg phosphatidylcholine bilayers induces a fast K+
      efflux from the outermost compartment of the liposomes. In contrast, the total K+
      content of sonicated unilamellar cholesterol-containing egg phosphatidylcholine
      vesicles is released by amphotericin B. (4) Amphotericin B addition to one side
      of the cholesterol-containing 22 : 1c/22 : 1c-phosphatidylcholine liposomes does
      not cause a change in K+ permeability. The presence of amphotericin B on both
      sides of the bilayer, however, induces an increase in K+ permeability. (5) A
      model is proposed which accounts for the effect of bilayer thickness on the
      amphotericin B-induced permeability changes in membranes.

PMID- 687621
TI  - The temperature dependence of erythrocyte water diffusion permeability.
AB  - 1. The activation energy of the diffusion water exchange in red blood cells
      increases with temperature. 2. Fetal blood has a higher activation energy for
      diffusion water exchange than adult blood. 3. Treatment of red cells with p
      chloromercuribenzoate alters the activation energy and apparently allows a lipid
      and a protein pore pathway to be resolved. The permeability and activation energy
      of the treated cells is in the range found for lipid membranes; and the
      difference between treated and untreated cells, the "protein" pathway, has a
      diffusion activation energy comparable with that of free water. 4. A resolution
      of the discrepancies between the NMR methods of measuring diffusion water
      exchange is suggested.

PMID- 687622
TI  - Binding sites of iron transferrin on rat reticulocytes. Inhibition by specific
      antibodies.
AB  - 1. In the process of iron uptake by precursors of the erythrocytes probably more
      than one membrane component is involved; besides the specific transferrin
      receptor, another membrane component with a high iron activity after incubation
      with 59Fe can be isolated. 2. A striking resemblance exists between rat and human
      reticulocyte components which are involved in the process of iron uptake. 3.
      Incubation of reticulocytes with Fab fragments of an antibody against the
      membrane receptor for transferrin causes a concentration-dependent decrease in
      transferrin binding and iron uptake. 4. The membrane receptor complex isolated is
      still heterogeneous; analytical ultracentrifugation studies suggest a molecular
      weight lower than 230,000. 5. Intact immature red cells are necessary for
      specific binding of transferrin with the receptor followed by iron uptake. This
      is the only mechanism for iron uptake. 6. Immunofluorescence studies showed that
      the receptor for transferrin is localized at the outside of the cell membrane.

PMID- 687623
TI  - Adaptation of biological membranes to temperature. The lack of homeoviscous
      adaptation in the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
AB  - Temperature adaptation of biological membranes was examined by comparing the
      fragmented sarcoplasmic reticulum preparation of goldfish acclimated to different
      temperatures. Membrane fluidity was estimated using the fluorescence polarization
      technique. There was considerable variation between preparations, but no
      consistent differences in fluidity were observed between 5- and 25 degrees C
      acclimated goldfish, fish species adapted over an evolutionary period to arctic
      or desert temperatures, and rat. The fatty acid composition of the sarcoplamic
      reticulum preparations of differently acclimated goldfish showed differences in
      the proportion of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids while the proportion of
      saturated fatty acids remained relatively constant. However, the fatty acid
      composition of sarcoplasmic reticulum phosphoglycerides became more unsaturated
      in the order rat, desert pupfish, arctic sculpin, which correlates with their
      respective environmental or body temperature. It is concluded that differences in
      membrane components other than fatty acids are important in determining membrane
      dynamic structure. The inability to demonstrate homeoviscous adaptation in
      sarcoplasmic reticulum is supported by other evidence suggesting that functions
      of the sarcoplasmic reticulum that are measured in vitro are not affected by such
      modifications of their phosphoglyceride fatty acid composition as occur during
      thermal acclimation.

PMID- 687624
TI  - Loss of function of biomembranes and solubilization of membrane proteins during
      freezing.
AB  - Isolated thylakoid membranes are damaged during freezing in dilute salt
      solutions, as shown by the inactivation of photochemical thylakoid reactions.
      After freezing, a number of membrane proteins were found in the particle-free
      supernatant. Up to 5% of the total membrane protein was solubilized by freezing,
      and the pattern of released proteins as seen in sodium dodecyl sulfate gel
      electrophoretograms was influenced by the nature of the solutes present.
      Membranes protected by sucrose did not release much protein during freezing.
      Concentrated salt solutions caused protein release also in the absence of
      freezing. Among the proteins released were ferredoxin--NADP+ reductase,
      plastocyanin and coupling factor CF1. Subunits of CF1 were found in different
      proportions in the supernatants of thylakoid suspensions after freezing in the
      presence of different salts. Cyclic photophosphorylation was largely inactivated
      before significant protein release could be detected. It is suggested that
      protein release is the final consequence of the nonspecific suppression of
      intramembrane ionic interactions by the high ionic strength created in the
      vicinity of the membranes by the accumulation of salts during slow freezing. Salt
      effects on water structure and alterations of nonpolar membrane interactions by
      the incorporation of (protonated) lipophilic anions from organic salts into the
      membrane phase during freezing may also be involved.

PMID- 687625
TI  - Sugar uptake into brush border vesicles from dog kidney. II. Kinetics.
AB  - The kinetics of D-glucose transport over the concentration range 0.07--20 mM have
      been investigated in a vesiculated membrane preparation from dog kidney cortex.
      1. A sodium-dependent and a sodium-independent component of D-glucose uptake are
      observed. The sodium-dependent component is phlorizin sensitive (KI approximately
      0.6 micron) and electrogenic. 2. The sodium-dependent component of D-glucose
      uptake yields non-linear Eadie-Hofstee plots consistent with the presence of high
      (GH) and low (GL) affinity sites (KH approximately 0.2 mM, KL approximately 4.5
      mM, VL/VH approximately 7 at pH 7.4, 25 degrees C, 100 mM NaC1 gradient).
      Alternative explanations are cooperative effects of non-Michaelis-Menten
      kinetics. 3. The initial uptake of D-glucose increases as the intravesicular
      membrane potential become more negative but the numerical values of KH and KL
      show little, if any, change. 4. alpha-Methyl-D-glucoside transport is also sodium
      dependent and phlorizin sensitive (KI approximately 1.9 micron). 5. In contrast
      to the results for D-glucose, the sodium-dependent component of alpha-methyl-D
      glucoside uptake exhibits a nearly linear Eadie-Hofstee plot consistent with a
      single carrier site with Km approximately 1.9 mM and Vmax approximately 27
      nmol/min per mg protein at pH 7.4, 25 degrees C, 100 mM NaCl gradient. 6. The
      kinetics of D-glucose transport in newborn dog kidney are similar to those in the
      adult except that the low affinity (GL) system appears to be less well developed.

PMID- 687626
TI  - The distribution of molecular classes of phosphatidylglycerol in the membrane of
      Acholeplasma laidlawii.
AB  - A double-label technique has been applied to study the distribution of different
      molecular classes of phosphatidylglycerol in the membrane of Acholeplasma
      laidlawii. After growth on oleic acid, 16% of the total phosphatidylglycerol
      contains two oleic acid residues and 84% contains one oleic acid and one
      saturated fatty acid. The dioleoyl phosphatidylglycerol is present in equal
      amounts in the outer and the inner layer of the membrane. Phosphatidylglycerol
      which is associated with membrane proteins consists exclusively of the class
      containing only one oleic acid.

PMID- 687627
TI  - Amino acid transport properties of erythrocytes from normal newborn lambs and
      lambs with an inherited defect in amino acid transport.
AB  - An amino acid transport defect which occurs in the erythrocytes of adult sheep is
      also present in foetal erythrocytes from newborn lambs which have inherited the
      lesion. The transport defect in erythrocytes from adult sheep is associated with
      high intracellular levels of ornithine and lysine and a markedly diminished GSH
      concentration. Although the lesion in foetal cells also results in the
      accumulation of ornithine and lysine, the intracellular GSH concentration is only
      moderately diminished.

PMID- 687628
TI  - Molecular and structural characteristics of house fly brain acetylcholinesterase.
AB  - Acetylcholinesterase (acetylcholine hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.7) from the brains of
      house flies (Musca domestica L., tetrachlorvinphos-resistant strain) was examined
      for molecular and structural features, including molecular weight, Stokes radii,
      partial specific volumes, sedimentation coefficients and frictional ratios.
      Acetylcholinesterase purified by affininity chromatography was examined in the
      electron microscope by negative staining and three molecular forms were clearly
      observed (monomers, dimers and tetramers). Several tetrameric configurations were
      observed as well as structures of similar size showing tails. In the preparations
      of acetylcholinesterase so far examined, no globular structures having more than
      four monomeric units were observed.

PMID- 687629
TI  - Leaving group effects in butyrylcholinesterase reaction with organophosphorus
      inhibitors.
AB  - The kinetic constants k2, KQ and the second-order rate constant ki of
      butyrylcholinesterase (acylcholine acylhydrolase, EC 3.1.1.8) inhibition by
      organophosphorus compounds (C2H5O)2P(O)SX, with both ionic and non-ionic
      substituents X, were determined at 25 degrees C and pH 7.5 in 0.15 M KCl. The
      data were analysed in terms of structure-activity relationships and the roles of
      the leaving group inductive effect and hydrophobicity in the enzyme specificity
      were established. This made possible calculations of the actual contribution of
      the substituent ionic charge in the effectivenes of butyrylcholinesterase action.
      On the basis of the structure-activity relationships for butyrylcholinesterase
      and acetylcholinesterase the specificities of the enzymes are compared and some
      common features are discussed.

PMID- 687630
TI  - Amount and properties of uptake forms in preparations of alpha-mannosidase from
      pig kidney.
AB  - alpha-Mannosidase (alpha-D-mannoside mannohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.24) from pig kidney
      has been shown to exist in multiple forms differing in their capability to be
      endocytosed by alpha-mannosidase deficient cultured cells. A method is presented
      to evaluate the amount of "uptake" forms in different preparations of the enzyme.
      Preparations with different rates of uptake were shown to contain different
      amount of "uptake" forms and "non-uptake" forms. The content of "uptake" forms in
      a preparation was identical with that of enzyme molecules bearing a
      phosphorylated carbohydrate group necessary for the recognition by cell surface
      receptors.

PMID- 687631
TI  - Effect of bile acids and ionic strength on trypsinogen activation by human
      enteropeptidase.

PMID- 687632
TI  - Purification of NADPH-ferredoxin reductase from rat liver mitochondria.
AB  - NADPH-ferredoxin reductase (NADPH:ferredoxin oxidoreductase, EC 1.6.7.1) has been
      identified in rat liver mitochondria and purified to homogeneity as judged by
      sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel electrophoresis. The protein was detected by its
      ability to reconstitute NADPH-cytochrome c reductase in the presence of adrenal
      ferredoxin. The purified protein had properties very similar to adrenal NADPH
      ferredoxin reductase. The molecular weight was 52 000, as estimated by gel
      filtration. On SDS-polyacrylamide gels, mobility was identical to that of adrenal
      NADPH-ferredoxin reductase (Mr = 52 000). The enzyme exhibited a typical oxidized
      flavoprotein absorbance spectrum with maxima at 269, 377 and 450 nm and gave an
      absorbance ratio A450nm/A269nm of 0.138. The fluorescence excitation spectrum was
      identical to that of FAD. In the presence of NADPH and a ferredoxin, the
      reductase was found to be active in a reconstituted cytochrome P-450-dependent
      steroid 26-hydroxylase, which was recently isolated from rat liver mitochondria
      (Pedersen, J.I. (1978) FEBS Lett. 85, 35-39).

PMID- 687633
TI  - Inhibition of rabbit muscle glycogen phosphorylase by alpha-D-glucopyranose 1,2
      cyclic phosphate.

PMID- 687634
TI  - Aldehyde dehydrogenase in 2-acetylaminofluorene-induced rat hepatomas.
      Characterization of antigens recognized by anti-hepatoma aldehyde dehydrogenase
      sera.

PMID- 687635
TI  - Purification and properties of L-lysine-alpha-ketoglutarate reductase from rat
      liver mitochondria.
AB  - L-Lysine-alpha-ketoglutarate reductase (N5-(1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-lysine: NADP+
      oxidoreductase (L-lysine-forming, EC 1.5.1.8) was purified from rat liver
      mitochondria to a homogeneous state judged by SDS polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis, and its molecular weight was estimated as 52000. On Sepharose 4B
      filtration it has a molecular weight of 230 000 and it is suggested that the
      active enzyme is a tetramer of subunits of similar size. The purified enzyme was
      clearly separated from saccharopine dehydrogenase (N5-(1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L
      lysine:NAD+ oxidoreductase (L-glutamate-forming, EC 1.5.1.9). The reactions of
      purified L-lysine-alpha-ketoglutarate reductase favored the forward reaction
      (saccharopine formation) and the rate of the reverse reaction (lysine formation)
      was only 3--5% that of the forward reaction. The forward reaction was specific
      for L-lysine, alpha-ketoglutarate and NADPH and followed Michaelis-Menten
      kinetics, whereas the dose vs. response curve of the reverse reaction was
      sigmoidal with saccharopine. Among the amino acids examined, ornithine, leucine
      and tryptophan inhibited the forward reaction competitively. These results are
      different from earlier reports on human and yeast enzymes. The fact that rats fed
      on lysine-deficient diet do not lose weight much is discussed in relation to the
      properties of this enzyme.

PMID- 687636
TI  - Purification and properties of an inhibitory protein of chitin synthetase from
      Mucor rouxii.
AB  - A soluble protein inhibitor of chitin synthetase (UDP-2-acetamindo-2-deoxy-D
      glucose:chitin 4-beta-acetamidodeoxyglucosyltransferase, EC 2.4.1.16) was
      isolated from the cytoplasm of Mucor rouxii. By gel filtration, the molecular
      weight of the inhibitor was estimated to be 17 500. The inhibitor was effective
      against crude or purified (chitosome) preparations of chitin synthetase. Unlike
      the chitin synthesis inhibitor from Saccharomyces spp., the inhibitor from M.
      rouxii does not operate by blocking the proteolytic activation of chitin
      synthetase zymogen but by inhibiting the operation of activated enzyme.
      Presumably, the inhibitor forms part of the regulatory mechanism of chitin
      synthesis in the cell.

PMID- 687637
TI  - IV. Synthesis and assay of analogs of adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate as inhibitors
      of bovine adrenal estrogen sulfotranferase.
AB  - Analogs of adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate are described which aid in the
      characterization of the inhibition of estrone sulfurylation by 3'
      phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate as mediated by bovine adrenal estrogen
      sulfotransferase (3'-5'-phosphosulfate:estrone 3-sulphotransferase, EC 2.8.2.4).
      The facile conversion of ribonucleosides to 2',3'-cyclic phosphate 5'-phosphate
      in neat pyrophosphoryl chloride is utilized to provide a reliable route to the
      requisite intermediates for enzymatic regiospecific conversion to ribonucleoside
      3',5'- and 2',5'-diphosphates. The importance of the 3'-phosphate ester to
      inhibition of estrone sulfurylation is confirmed by Ki measurements. Replacement
      of the 6-amino group by hydrogen or oxygen leads to considerable loss in affinity
      for the enzyme as does also dimethylation of the exocylic amino group.
      Alterations in the pyrimidine ring are not well tolerated by the sulfotransferase
      but modifications in the imidazole ring as in tubercidin (7 -deazaadenosine) and
      8-bromoadenosine 3',5'-diphosphate lead to an enhanced affinity. The latter
      findings are discussed in terms of an hypothesis of stacking of the aromatic ring
      of the estrogen substrate and the purine moiety and its analogs.

PMID- 687638
TI  - An improved large scale procedure for the purification of porcine pancreatic
      lipase.
AB  - A modified procedure for purifying porcine pancreatic lipase (triacyglycerol acyl
      hydrodrolase, EC 3.1.1.3) is described. In comparison to the previous procedure
      reported by Verger, R., de Hass, G.H., Sarda, L and Desnuelle, P. (1969) Biochim.
      Biophys. Acta 188, 272--282) it is more rapid, more reproducible and results in a
      purer enzyme preparation. No colipase could be detected in the mixture of
      isoenzymes and, naturally, in the different separated lipases. In this process,
      butanol treatment is omitted. After pancreas powder extraction, a batch procedure
      was used for adsorption of DEAE-cellulose. Sephadex filtration (pH 8.0) was made
      in a largeer size column. Finally the isoenzymes were separated on CM-cellulose
      as in the Verger procedure, but under slightly modified conditions. Lipase LB was
      fully homogeneous as judged by end group determination, gel electrophoresis (in
      the presence of absence of sodium dodecyl sulfate) and sedimentation equilibrium.

PMID- 687639
TI  - Successive cleavage of N-terminal Arg1--Pro2 and Lys3-Pro4 from substance P but
      no release of Arg1-Pro2 from bradykinin, by X-Pro dipeptidyl-aminopeptidase.
AB  - X-Pro dipeptidyl-aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.14.1) purified homogeneously from the
      human submaxillary gland was proved to hydrolyze N-terminal dipeptide Arg1-Pro2
      and subsequent dipeptide Lys3-Pro4 from substance P (Arg-Pro-Lys-Pro-Gln-Gln-Phe
      Phe-gly-Leu-Met-NH2). Km and V values of hydrolysis of substance P were 2.0 mM
      and 3.6 mumol/min per mg protein, respectively. In contrast, the N-terminal Arg
      Pro of bradykinin (Arg-Pro-Pro-Gly-Phe-Ser-Pro-Phe-Arg) was not cleaved by the
      enzyme.

PMID- 687640
TI  - Substituent effect on the elementary processes of the interaction between several
      benzeneboronic acids and substilisin BPN.
AB  - Benzeneboronic acid, a transition-state analog for serine proteases, binds to the
      catalytic center of subtilisin BPN'. The binding mechanism is so-called two-step
      mechanism; the initial fast association followed by a slow unimolecular process
      (Nakatani, H., Uehara, Y. and Hiromi, K. (1975) J. Biochem. (Tokyo) 77, 615-
      616), E + S fast equilibrium ES slow equilibrium ES (E = subtilisin, S =
      benzenebroonic acid). The structure of the transient complex (ES) at the initial
      association process was manifested by the substituent effect of benzeneboronic
      acid on the rate parameters in the elementary processes. The study by the
      temperature-junp and stopped-flow methods showed that the boron atom in
      benzeneboronic acid strongly interacts with a nucleophilic site, probably, O
      gamma of Ser-221 or imidazole of His-64 at the catalytic center, already at the
      initial fast association.

PMID- 687641
TI  - Cyanate modification of essential lysyl residues in the catalytic subunit of
      tobacco ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase.
AB  - Crystalline ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (3-phospho-D-glycerate carboxy
      lyase (dimerizing), EC 4.1.1.39) isolated from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)
      leaf homogenates is irreversibly inactivated by incubation with potassium cyanate
      at pH 7.4. The rate of inactivation is pseudo first-order and linearly dependent
      on reagent concentration. In the presence of ribulosebisphosphate or high levels
      of CO2 and Mg2+ the rate constant for inactivation is reduced, suggesting that
      chemical modification occurs in the active site region of the enzyme. In
      contrast, neither the effector NADPH nor the activator Mg2+ alone significantly
      affect the rate of inactivation by cyanate; however, NADPH markedly enhances the
      protective effect of CO2 and Mg2+. Incubation of the carboxylase with potassium
      [14C] cyanate in the absence or presence of ribulosebisphosphate revealed that
      the substrate specifically reduces cyanate incorporation into the large catalytic
      subunits of the enzyme. Analysis of acid hydrolysates of the radioactive
      carboxylase indicated that the reagent carbamylates both NH2-terminal groups and
      lysyl residues in the large and small subunits. Comparison of the substrate
      protected enzyme with the inactivated carboxylase revealed that
      ribulosebisphosphate preferentially reduces lysyl modification within the large
      subunit. The data here presented indicate that inactivation of
      ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase by cyanate or its reactive tautomer, isocyanic
      acid, results from the modification of lysyl residues within the catalytic
      subunit, presumably at the activator and substrate CO2 binding sites on the
      enzyme.

PMID- 687642
TI  - Aging of soman-inhibited acetylcholinesterase: inhibitors and accelerators.
AB  - The influence of 27 possible effectors, mostly bispyridinium salts, upon the
      dealkylation (aging) of soman-inhibited acetylcholinesterase (acetylcholine
      hydrolase, EC 3.1.1.7) was examined at pH 7.6 and 25 degrees C. In the absence of
      effectors, the rate constant of the aging process was 4.0. 10(-2) min-1. At 2 mM,
      the strongest inhibitor reduced the rate to 0.8. 10(-2) min-1, whereas it was
      raised to 8.2. 10(-2) min-1 by the most potent accelerator.

PMID- 687643
TI  - Unusual substrates for adenosine deaminase from calf intestinal mucosa.
AB  - A number of adenine nucleosides with exocyclic double bonds either at the 4',5'
      position in pentofuranosyl nucleosides or at the 5',6' position of hexofuranosyl
      nucleosides have been found to act as substrates for adenosine deaminase
      (adenosine aminohydrolase, EC 3.5.4.4) from calf intestinal mucosa. Most of the
      results obtained are contrary to the accepted minimal structural requirements for
      substrate activity. These nucleosides had either incorrect anomeric
      configurations or no hydroxyl group at C-5' or C-3' in the proper configuration;
      some compounds incorporated both structural changes. There is a possiblity that
      the unsaturated group has a special role in binding to the enzyme.

PMID- 687644
TI  - Degradation of phenylalanine:pyruvate transaminase after glucagon treatment.
AB  - Using a single-isotope and immune precipitation technique the half-life (t 1/2)
      of hepatic phenylalanine:pyruvate transaminase (aminotransferase, EC 2.6.1.--,
      Number not yet assigned) from glucagon-treated rats was determined to be 2.8
      days, similar to that of the control rats (t 1/2 = 3.3 days). The half-life of
      rat liver total soluble proteins also remained unchanged after glucagon treatment
      (t 1/2 = 2.7 days in glucagon-treated rats; t 1/2 = 2.8 days in normal). Thus,
      glucagon has no effect on the degradation of phenylalanine:pyruvate transaminase.
      Furthermore, the degradation rates are similar for both the holoenzyme and the
      apoenzyme of phenylalanine:pyruvate transaminase.

PMID- 687645
TI  - Hybrid isozymes of rat pyruvate kinase. Their subunit structure and developmental
      changes in the liver.
AB  - Thin-layer polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of various rat tissues revealed
      three major isozymes (types L, M1 and M2) and various intermediate forms of
      pyruvate kinase (ATP: pyruvate 2-O-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.40). In vitro
      dissociation and reassociation of purified enzymes showed that the three major
      isozymes had homotetrameric structures. L.M2 hybrids and M1.M2 hybrids closely
      resembled some naturally occurring intermediates; the subunit structure of
      intermediates isolated from the small intestine (form 3 or form 4) were estimated
      to be (L)2(M2)2 and (L)(M2)3, respectively. Pyruvate kinase activity after
      electrophoresis could be estimated quantitatively from densitometric measurements
      of the electrophoretic pattern. Type L activity in fetal liver was separated from
      type R activity derived from intrahepatic erythropoietic cells. It changes in
      three distinct steps during development: it increased during the late fetal
      period, remained steady during the neonatal period and increased again after
      weaning. Some of the intermediates found in extracts of early fetal iver were
      shown to cross-react with both anti-L and anti-M1 serum, suggesting that they
      might be L.M2 or R.M2 hybrids. These hybrid enzymes were shown to appear only
      during early fetal and neonatal periods.

PMID- 687646
TI  - Substrate preferences of wild and a mutant house fly acetylcholinesterase and a
      comparison with the bovine erythrocyte enzyme.
AB  - Comparisons were made of purified acetylcholinesterase from the heads of wild
      type house flies with a mutant form (which bound organophosphates and carbamates
      less tightly). Using 12 substrates and 6 quaternary inhibitors, the only
      substantial difference was that the Km for butyrylcholine was 25 times greater
      for the mutant enzyme, suggesting that butyrylcholine and the organophosphates
      and carbamates shared a common binding site. The pure enzyme from the wild type
      house fly was also compared with bovine erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase. The
      major difference was again with butyrylcholine as substrate: the ability to
      acylate or deacylate was 30 times greater in the fly enzyme (the Km values
      differed by a factor of 4).

PMID- 687647
TI  - Kinetic properties of cytosol 5'-nucleotidase from chicken liver.

PMID- 687648
TI  - The activation of proacrosin in spermatozoa from ram bull and boar.
AB  - Acrosin activity was estimated in fractions from washed ram, bull and boar
      spermatozoa that had been disrupted using a Stansted Cell Disruptor. When p
      aminobenzamidine was included in the medium during disruption, all the acrosin
      (acrosomal proteinase, EC 3.4.21.10) was recovered as its inactive zymogen form,
      proacrosin. But if spermatozoa were damaged before disruption, of were disrupted
      in the absence of p-aminobenzamidine, considerable amounts of active acrosin were
      detectable. It was concluded that conversion of proacrosin to acrosin takes place
      in spermatozoa only after the acrosome has been rutured. In a sucrose medium, all
      the proacrosin was bound to the sperm heads. Conversion to acrosin took place
      readily with all components in a bound state. Using arm sperm heads, the
      conversion was found to be relatively insensitive to pH, proceeding rapidly above
      pH 6.5; the rate of conversion was not affected by physiological levels of Ca2+,
      Mg2+, or Zn2+, although elevated ionic strength caused a solubilization of the
      acrosin activity and some slowing of the rate. Electrophoretic analysis revealed
      that several active forms of acrosin were involved, but the final product was a
      single stable form. Final levels of the active acrosin (expressed as mu mol N
      alpha-benzoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester utilised/min per 10(9) heads) were: ram
      26.2; bull, 15.9; boar, 133.8. But active site titration revealed that these
      different levels were not reflected in the numbers of active enzyme molecules on
      the sperm head; boar acrosin appears to be about three times more active towards
      benzoyl-arginine ethyl ester than do the acrosins from the other species.

PMID- 687649
TI  - Purification and characterization of 3-dehydroquinate hydrolase and shikmate
      oxidoreductase. Evidence for a bifunctional enzyme.
AB  - The basis for the physical association of 3-dehydroquinate dehydratase (3
      dehydroquinate hydrolyase, EC 4.2.1.10) and shikimate dehydrogenase (shikimate:
      NADP+ 3-oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.25) in higher plants was investigated. The
      enzymes were extracted from the moss Physcomitrella patens and were purified to
      homogeneity. Determinations of subunit sizes were made by sodium dodecyl sulfate
      gel electrophoresis and gel exclusion chromatography in 6 M guanidinium chloride.
      Results from these studies demonstrate that both enzyme activities are carried
      out by a single polypeptide.

PMID- 687650
TI  - Studies of fluoride-preactivated rabbit liver adenylyl cyclase.
AB  - Rabbit liver adenylyl (ATP pyrophosphate-lyase (cyclizing), EC 4.6.1.1) cyclase
      was stimulated by preincubation with F- and Mg2+ and the stimulation persisted
      despite extensive washing and/or detergent solubilization. Optimum preactivation
      conditions were found to be 4 mM NaF and 2 mM MgCl2; higher or lower
      concentrations produced submaximum stimulation regardless of preincub ation time.
      In addition to an enhanced catalytic acticity, the activated enzyme also
      exhibited different responses to Ca2+ and Cu2+ when compared to the basal enzyme.
      ATP caused a time-dependent inhibition that could be partially prevented or
      reversed by F-, but was not completely reversed by washing. This inhibition was
      not observed when 5'-adenosine(beta, gamma-imide) triphosphate blocks inhibition
      by ATP. The results support, but do not prove, the proposed molecular basis of F-
      activation which entails a phosphorylation-dephosphorylation mechanism.

PMID- 687651
TI  - Effect of Fe2+ and Mn2+ on 3-mercaptopicolinate inhibition of cytosolic and
      mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase of five species.
AB  - Liver cytosolic or mitochondrial fractions of five species were incubated with 30
      micrometer Fe2+ or with 100 micrometer Mn2+ prior to assaying for
      phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (GTP:oxaloacetate carboxy-lyase
      (transphosphorylating), EC 4.1.1.32) acticity in the presence of 3
      mercaptopicolinate. Only the cytosolic carboxykinases were activated 3--4-fold by
      Fe2+ or Mn2+. Fe2+ enhanced the inhibitory potency of 3-mercaptopicolinate 10--50
      fold against the cytosolic and the mitochondrial carboxykinases, but Mn2+ was
      ineffective. Mn2+ interfered with Fe2+ -enhancement of inhibition by 3
      mercaptopicolinate in a manner competitive with Fe2+. It is hypothesized that
      Fe2+ and 3-mercaptopicolinate form a coordination complex that inhibits the
      carboxylkinases and that 3-mercaptopicolinate does not blind to a carboxykinase
      containing Mn2+.

PMID- 687652
TI  - Determination of oxide synthetase and hydratase activities by a new highly
      sensitive gas chromatographic method using styrene and styrene oxide as
      substrates.

PMID- 687653
TI  - Inhibition of liver prenyltransferase by alkyl phosphonates and
      phosphonophosphates.
AB  - n-Pentyl and n-decyl phosphonate and the corresponding phosphonophosphates were
      found to inhibit cholesterol synthesis from mevalonate in the 10000 X g
      supernatants of liver homogenates and the synthesis of farnesyl pyrophosphate
      from geranyl and isopentenyl pyrophosphate by purified liver prenyltransferase.
      Kinetic analysis of the inhibition of prenyltransferase showed that the
      phosphonates and the phosphonophosphates interacted with two forms, or two sites,
      of the enzyme. The order of increasing potency was C5-phosphonate less than C10
      phosphonate less than C5-phosphonophosphate less than C10-phosphonophosphate. The
      phosphonophosphates were at least ten times stronger inhibitors than the
      phosphonates.

PMID- 687654
TI  - Distribution and metabolism of synthetic alkyl analogs of lysophosphatidylcholine
      in mice.
AB  - Stability, distribution and metabolic fate of alkyl analogs of
      lysophosphatidylcholine have been studied in mice. Analogs employed were 1
      hexadecyl- and 1-dodecyl-propanediol-3-phosphorylcholine (2-deoxy
      lysophosphatidylcholine) and rac-1-octadecyl-2-methyl-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine
      (2-methoxy-lysophosphatidylcholine). It is demonstrated that (1) the half-life of
      these compounds in the organism was increased to the order of days as compared to
      minutes or hours for natural lysophosphatidylcholine, (2) the analogs were slowly
      degraded in vivo with partial incorporation of the hydrophobic part into neutral
      lipids and phosphatidylcholine. Deoxy analogs were apparently degraded faster
      than methoxy derivatives, and (3) due to this metabolism, accumulation of these
      compounds, even after repeated injections, did not occur in mice. Intravenous and
      intraperitoneal injections led to rapid and complete distribution of the
      lysolipids with slight enrichment in liver, kidneys and intestine. Subcutaneous
      or oral application resulted in a similar distribution, however, remarkable depot
      effects at the sites of administration were observed. Experiments with tumor
      bearing mice indicated a reduced metabolic turnover and thus a slight enrichment
      of ether-lysophosphatidylcholine analogs in tumor tissue.

PMID- 687655
TI  - Partial purification and properties of monoacylglycerol lipase and two esterases
      from isolated rat small intestinal epithelial cells.
AB  - In intestinal epithelial cells, three enzymes possessing monoacylglycerol
      hydrolase activity were found and partially purified. Two of these enzymes have
      properties that justify their classification as an esterase and one as a
      monoacylglycerol lipase. The three enzymes show similar Km values for
      monooleoylglycerol and each shows similar activity towards 1- and 2
      monopalmitoylglycerol. Antiserum raised in rabbits against rat liver
      monoacylglycerol lipase inhibits the intestinal lipase completely, suggesting
      that the enzymes are at least partially similar. The esterases of small
      intestinal villus cells were not inhibited by the antiserum against liver
      monoacylglycerol lipase. It was calculated that the esterases account for approx.
      2/3 of the monooleoylglycerol hydrolase activity in epithelial cells.
      Monoacylglycerol lipase also hydrolyzed palmitoyl-CoA, while the esterases did
      not. The enzymes were inhibited by micellar palmitoyl-CoA. The hypothesis that
      palmitoyl-CoA is an important regulator for monoacylglycerol acylation is
      discussed in the light of these new findings.

PMID- 687656
TI  - Monoacylglycerol metabolism in rat small intestinal epithelial cells.
AB  - 1. In various preparations of rat small intestinal epithelial cells the acylation
      and deacylation of monoacylglycerol were studied. In the in vitro vascularly
      perfused intestine, of which the lumen was loaded with monoacylglycerol with or
      without fatty acids, acylation exceeded deacylation. In contrast, deacylation was
      much faster in isolated microsomes and in isolated whole cells. 2. In vascularly
      perfused intestine, without long-chain fatty acids present in the lumen, the
      amount of di- and triacylglycerol formed was found to be half of that formed in
      perfusions with long-chain fatty acids in the lumen, while the glycerol formation
      was increased 1.4-fold. 3. The concentration of monoacylglycerol is an important
      factor in determining the relative rates of monoacylglycerol acylation and
      deacylation in microsomes: the ratio acylation/deacylation decreases with
      increasing monoacylglycerol concentrations. 4. The function of the
      monoacylglycerol lipase in fat resorption is discussed.

PMID- 687657
TI  - On the mechanism for the regulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A
      reductase, of cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase and of acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol
      acyltransferase by free cholesterol.
AB  - The administration of mevalonic acid to rats by intravenous injection resulted in
      a dose- and time-dependent increase in the activity of cholesterol 7alpha
      hydroxylase in the liver microsomal fraction, a decrease in the microsomal
      activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase and no significant
      change in the activity of acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase or in the
      concentration of free and of esterified cholesterol in the liver microsomal
      fraction. However, the increased hepatic cholesterogenesis that follows the
      injection of mevalonic acid resulted in an increase of the size of the
      intracellular pool of cholesterol that is in the environment of 3-hydroxy-3
      methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase and acts as substrate for cholesterol 7alpha
      hydroxylase. The administration of mevalonic acid to rats by stomach tube
      resulted in an increase in the activity of cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase and of
      acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol acyltransferase and in the concentration of
      cholesterol esters in the liver microsomal fraction, while there was a
      considerable decrease in the activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A
      reductase.

PMID- 687658
TI  - Regulation of the enzyme activities related to lignin synthesis in cell
      aggregates of tobacco cell culture.

PMID- 687659
TI  - The effects of serum albumin and phospholipid on sterol excretion in tissue
      culture cells.
AB  - Serum albumin was as effective as whole serum or alpha-globulins in facilitating
      sterol release from strain L mouse fibroblasts. Commercial bovine serum albumin
      preparations, however, had markedly different absolute effects in this regard.
      These differences were attributable to the variation in phospholipid content of
      these products. All but one of these albumins enhanced sterol release when
      supplemented with phospholipid. The exception was fatty acid-poor albumin which
      contained an adequate amount of phospholipid. Among the phospholipids examined,
      lecithin proved to be most effective, while phosphatidylethanolamine had little
      potentiating influence. As the unsaturation of the test lecithins increased,
      enhancement of sterol release decreased. The potentiating effect of the
      phospholipid was in turn dependent on the protein used, since the phenomenon was
      not observed with non-serum proteins like ovalbumin or with non-transport serum
      proteins such as gamma-globulins. The results of these studies raise the
      possibility that serum albumin together with phospholipid can play an important
      role in sterol release in tissue culture cells.

PMID- 687660
TI  - Transformations of 3-(3-carboxyphenyl)alanine in iris species. An example of
      diversity in catabolism of secondary plant products.

PMID- 687661
TI  - Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of high-spin iron(III)
      porphyrin compounds.
AB  - 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra have been obtained for a variety of high
      spin iron(III) porphyrin compounds and corresponding mu-oxo-bridged dimeric
      species. Large hyperfine shifts and significant line broadening are observed. The
      monomeric complexes exhibit hyperfine shifts which are downfield with the
      exception of an upfield shift for the meso-carbon atom. Possible unpaired spin
      delocalization mechanisms and prospects for observing 13C NMR porphyrin
      resonances in high-spin ferrihemoproteins are discussed. Spectra reported here
      provide strategy for incorporation of 13C labels in hemoproteins either by
      biosynthetic or chemical means. The vinyl-CH2 resonances of iron(III)
      protoporphyrin IX located 260 parts per million downfield from tetramethylsilane
      are especially attractive from the standpoint of chemical labeling.

PMID- 687662
TI  - The pentose phosphate pathway in developing chick cornea.
AB  - Embryonic chick corneas at different stages of development were evaluated for
      activity of the pentose phosphate pathway. The appearance of activity was
      concurrent with the onset of corneal transperancy (stage 40). Highest values were
      found after complete transparency is achieved (stage 45 and after hatching).
      Phenazine methosulfate, an artificial electron acceptor, increased activity at
      all stages studied even before endogenous activity was measurable; however, no
      increase in glucose uptake was observed. Thus, the enzymes for the pathway are
      present at early stages (i.e., stage 38 and 40) although in latent form. The
      pathway probably functions in the developing cornea to generate NADPH rather than
      sugar moieties for macromolecular incorporation.

PMID- 687663
TI  - The 4-amino sugars present in the lipopolysaccharides of vibro cholerae and
      related vibrios.
AB  - Brief treatment, with 10 M hydrochloric acid, of the lipopolysaccharides of
      Vibrio cholerae and related organisms led to the release of 4-amino-4, 6-dideoxy
      D-mannose (D-perosamine) and 4-amino-4-deoxyl-L-arabinose. These sugar are highly
      unstable and undergo complex changes in neutral and basic media. Of the strains
      examined, the lipopolysaccharides from representatives of the Inaba group contain
      only D-perosamine, while those of the Ogawa biotype have 4-amino-4-deoxyl-L
      arabinose as an additional component. The other Vibrios produce
      lipopolysaccharides which lack these sugars.

PMID- 687664
TI  - Chemical structure and biodegradability of halogenate aromatic compounds.
      Substituent effects on 1,2-dioxygenation of benzoic acid.
AB  - Dioxygenation of substituted benzoic acids by whole cells of 3-chlorobenzoate
      utilizing Pseudomonas sp. B 13, benzoate-induced cells of Alcaligenes eutrophus B
      9 and toluate-grown cells of Pseudomonas putida mt-2 was examined. Electron
      attracting substituents like halogen decreased the reaction rates of benzoate 1,2
      dioxygenation. Dioxygenation of substituted benzoic acids by P. putida mt-2 was
      mostly undisturbed by steric effects of the substituents. Good correlation
      resulted between the log Vrel values and the Hammett substituent constant sigma.
      In contrast the reaction rates of dioxygenation by Pseudomonas sp. B 13 and A.
      eutrophus were decreased predominantly by steric effects of substituents. A non
      polar reaction mechanism of benzoate 1,2-dioxygenation is discussed. Results from
      inhibition studies demonstrate high stereospecificities for the 1,2-dioxygenation
      by Pseudomonas sp. B 13 of benzoic acids with substituents in ortho- or para
      position. In the case of P. putida mt-2 steric handrance by substituents was
      observed only with orth-substituted benzoic acids. Stereospecificities of the
      benzoate 1,2-dioxygenation by Pseudomonas sp. B 13 and P. putida mt-2 are
      illustrated schematically.

PMID- 687665
TI  - Chemical structure and biodegradability of halogenated aromatic compounds.
      Substituent effects on dehydrogenation of 3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,2-diol-1
      carboxylic acid.
AB  - The dehydrogenation of substituted 3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,2-diol-1-carboxylic acids
      by dihydrodihydroxybenzoic acid dehydrogenases from benzoate grown cells of
      Alcaligenes eutrophus and Pseudomonas sp. B 13 and 3-chlorobenzoate grown cells
      of the latter organism was examined. No significant differences (Km and Vrel
      values) were detected for the enzymes from both organisms. The same
      dihydrodihydroxybenzoic acid dehydrogenase is formed in Pseudomonas sp. B13
      during growth on benzoate as well as on 3-chlorobenzoate. The lower turnover
      rates of 3- and 5-chlorodrodihydroxybenzoic acid compared to
      dihydrodihydroxybenzoic acid are counterbalanced by an increase in specific
      activity. With the exception of 4-substituted dihydrodihydroxybenzoic acids
      exhibiting relative high Km values, only slight sterical and electronic
      substituent effects are evident. Reaction rates were never reduced to a critical
      level.

PMID- 687666
TI  - Interaction of phospholipid vesicles with rat hepatocytes in primary monolayer
      culture.
AB  - We studied the interaction of positively and negatively charged unilamellar and
      multilamellar phospholipid vesicles (liposomes) with rat-liver parenchymal cells
      in primary monolayer culture. Radioactive liposomal phosphatidylcholine was taken
      up more rapidly and to a larger extent from unilamellar than from multilamellar
      vesicles. No significant difference in uptake characteristics was observed
      between vesicles of different charge. The presence of serum greatly reduced
      uptake of liposomal phosphatidylcholine of both unilamellar and multilamellar
      vesicles. This serum effect was independent of surface charge of the vesicles.
      When cells were allowed to take up radioactive liposomal phospholipid and then
      incubated further in absence of vesicles, part of the radioactivity associated
      with the cells was released into the medium, most of it as water soluble
      degradation products. When cells were preincubated with vesicles containing
      horseradish peroxidase and then, after removal of the vesicles, further
      incubated, peroxidase activity could be demonstrated in the culture medium, part
      of it only after addition of Triton X-100. These observations were taken to
      indicate that part of the phospholipid taken up the cells represented vesicles
      binding to the cell surface rather than having been internalized. Vesicle
      entrapped [125I]albumin was taken up by the cells and rapidly hydrolyzed as
      indicated by the appearance of radioactivity soluble in trichloroacetic acid
      within minutes after starting the incubation. No uptake of free albumin could be
      demonstrated. The kinetics of albumin uptake and release of trichloroacetic acid
      soluble radioactivity from the cells suggest that, initially, liposomes are
      internalized predominantly by endocytosis, while during prolonged incubation
      fusion of the liposomal membrane with the plasma membrane gradually contributes
      more substantially to the overall uptake process. The significance of these
      findings is emphasized with special reference to the use of liposomes as
      intravenous carriers of enzymes or drugs.

PMID- 687667
TI  - Production of protein HC by human fetal liver explants.
AB  - Human fetal lever explants were found to secrete protein HC into the medium in
      molar amounts comparable to those of albumin, alpha 1-antitrypsin and
      orosomucoid. Incorporation of a radioactive amino acid from the medium into the
      secreted protein HC demonstrated de novo synthesis. The secreted protein HC had
      the same size and electrophoretic mobility as protein HC of plasma and urine and
      gave a reaction of immunochemical identity with the protein in these biological
      fluids.

PMID- 687668
TI  - Oxidation of cuprous stellacyanin by aminopolycarboxylatocobaltate(III)
      complexes.
AB  - Rate parameters are reported for the oxidation of cuprous stellacyanin by
      Co(PDTA)-(k(25.0 degrees) = 17.9 M(-1)sec(-1), deltaH not equal to = 8.5
      kcal/mol, deltaH not equal to = 8.5 kcal/mol, deltaS not equal to = -24 cal/mol
      deg; pH 7.0, Mu 0.5 M) and Co(CyDTA)-(k(25.1 degrees) = 17.0 M(-1)sec(-1), deltaH
      not equal to = 8.7 kcal/mol, deltaS not equal to = -24 cal/mol-deg; pH 7.0 mu 0.5
      M). The first order Co(PDTA)- and Co(CyDTA)- dependences observed over wide
      concentration ranges contrast with the saturation behavior reported previously
      for Co(EDTA)- as the oxidant. It is concluded that the- CH3 and -(CH2)4
      substituents of PDTA and CyDTA, respectively, prevent the alkylated derivatives
      of Co(EDTA)- from hydrogen bonding with the reduced blue protein, causing
      precursor complex formation constants to fall far below that of 149M(-1) (25.1
      degrees) observed for the EDTA complex. The similarity between deltaH not equal
      to and deltaS not equal to values for the oxidation of stellacyanin by Co(PDTA)-
      and Co(CyDTA)- indicates that the size of alkyl substituents linked to the carbon
      atoms of the EDTA ethylenediamine backbone has little influence on activation
      requirements for Cu(I) to Co(III) electron transfer. The electron transfer
      reactivity of aminopolycarboxylatocobalt(III) complexes with cuprous stellacyanin
      therefore appears to be linked to the accessibility of one or more of the ligated
      acetate groups to outer-sphere contact with the type 1 Cu(I) center. Saturation
      in kobsd vs. [oxidant] plots found for the reactions of Co(PDTA)- and Co(CyDTA)-
      with stellacyanin at pH 6 and at pH 7 in the presence of EDTA is attributed to
      the formation of "dead-end" oxidant-protein complexes.

PMID- 687669
TI  - Selenium and cancer: effects of selenium and of the diet on the genesis of
      spontaneous mammary tumors in virgin inbred female C3H/St mice.
AB  - Inbred female C3H/St mice exhibit the normal incidence of spontaneous mammary
      adenocarcinoma of 80--100% if they are maintained on a standard commercial
      laboratory diet containing 0.15 ppm of selenium with meat and dried skimmed milk
      as major sources of protein. The tumor incidence drops to 42% if animals of the
      same strain are kept on a diet containing 0.45 ppm of selenium, with fishmeal as
      the main source of protein. The tumor incidence declines further to 25, 19 and
      10% if the animals in addition receive 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 ppm of selenium in the
      drinking water. Selenium supplementation at these levels has no noticable adverse
      effects on weight-grains and survival of the mice. Selenium supplmented groups of
      animals also remained tumor-free for longer periods than the unsupplemented
      controls. The results of this study indicate that a diet rich in seafoods and
      cereals provides more selenium and may in turn lower the probability of cancer
      development. Reference is made to the average human diet in the U.S.A., which
      only contains 0.07--0.15 ppm of selenium due to the comparatively low consumption
      of cereals and seafoods. An equivalent mouse diet would not have any cancer
      protecting effect in the C3H/St mice of our study. Australian workers have
      reported significantly lower tumor incidence in a different strain of C3H mice if
      it was kept in Australia rather than in the U.S.A. We have found that the
      Australian feed contained three times more selenium than that employed in the
      U.S.A. and propose that this difference in selenium content was primarily
      responsible for these previous observations.

PMID- 687670
TI  - Effects of glucose and chromium(III) concentrations in the medium on the uptake
      of 51Cr by brewer's yeast.
AB  - The incorporation of trivalent chromium into S. carlsbergensis as function of
      time, the effects of chromium and glucose concentrations in the medium on the
      uptake of 51Cr by the yeast cells, and the effect of chromium on growth of the
      yeast were studied. 51Cr was taken up by yeast cells most rapidly during the
      logarithmic growth period in Sabouraud's liquid medium containing 5% glucose.
      Cells grown in a medium containing only 0.5% glucose at the beginning of
      cultivation incorporated very little 51Cr, and incorporation ceased when the
      glucose concentration was reduced to less than 0.1%. Addition of 5% glucose into
      this culture resulted in a very rapid increase in the 51Cr uptake. The second
      glucose addition did not notably increase the rate of 51Cr uptake by the yeast.
      Chromium, reduced yeast growth slightly, however, was not clearly toxic.

PMID- 687671
TI  - Potentiating action of 5-fluorouracil when used in combination with platinium
      compounds and cyclophosphamide in treatment of advanced L1210 leukemia.
AB  - Nine new organoplatinum (Pt) compounds, cyclophosphamide (CY), and 5-fluorouracil
      (FU) were used singly and in combination in treatment of advanced L1210 leukemia
      in C57BL/6 X DBA/2 hybrid mice. In each experiment the Pt + CY dual combination
      was minimally supra-additive at the doses chosen. However, eight of the nine Pt +
      CY + FU combination regimens enhanced markedly the increased life span of treated
      mice as compared with the corresponding dual Pt + CY combination. Collectively,
      the cure rate (greater than 60-day survival) was less than 6% with the various Pt
      + CY combinations, and was increased to over 63% upon inclusion of FU in the
      regimens.

PMID- 687672
TI  - Electronic properties of sulfhydryl- and imidazole-containing peptide-cobalt(II)
      complexes: their relationship to cobalt(II)-substituted "blue" copper proteins.
AB  - The electronic properties of 2:1 sulfhydryl- and imidazole-containing peptide
      Co(II) complexes have been investigated and compared with those of Co(II)
      substituted "blue" copper proteins. The Co(II) complexes of N-mercaptoacetyl-L
      histidine and 3-mercaptopropionyl-L-histidine gave the ligand field parameters of
      deltat = 4110 and B = 756 cm(-1), and of deltat = 4120 and B = 724 cm(-1),
      respectively. These values correspond well to those (deltat = 4900 and B = 730
      cm(-1)) of Co(II)-substituted "blue" copper proteins. The energy differences
      between S leads to M(II) charge transfer bands of Co(II)-Cu(II) couples were
      about 14,000 cm(-1) in both the proteins and the model complexes. The spectral
      results suggest that "blue" copper site has a pseudotetrahedral geometry and a
      deep absorption near 600 nm atributes to S leads to Cu(II) charge transfer.

PMID- 687673
TI  - Carbon-13 and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of water-soluble
      porphyrins and metalloporphyrins.
AB  - Carbon-13 and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra have been recorded
      for porphyrins, zinc porphyrins, and iron(III) porphyrin complexes in aqueous
      media. Spectra of porphyrin-c and hemin-c confirm the structure with thioether
      linkages at positions alpha to the porphyrin ring. The pattern of NMR isotropic
      shifts has implications regarding electron transfer in cytochrome-c. Free-base
      porphyrin-c and meso-substituted porphyrins have been examined for pyrrole
      nitrogen-hydrogen tautomerism and possible aggregation in aqueous solution. Zinc
      porphyrin 13C NMR spectra were recorded in order to provide diamagnetic
      references for paramagnetic iron(III) derivatives. Low-spin iron(III) porphyrin
      biscyano complexes in aqueous solution exhibit NMR isotropic shift patterns
      similar to those previously observed for related compounds in non-aqueous media.
      The first 13C NMR spectra are reported for mu-oxo-bridged iron(III) porphyrin
      dimers. A partially resolved spectrum of a high-spin iron(III) porphyrin has also
      been obtained. Patterns of 13C and proton isotropic shifts are compared, and
      unpaired spin delocalization mechanisms for 13C resonances are discussed in a
      qualitative manner.

PMID- 687674
TI  - Electric hysteresis and mitochondrial incorporation of RNAs from different
      sources.
AB  - The paper reports the characteristics of four different RNAs from yeast, Torula
      and calf thymus of molecular weight ranging between 15,000 and 30,000. The gel
      filtration behaviour with aqueous and partially qqueous solvents is studied
      together with the response of the four RNAs to static electric fields of strength
      ranging between 20 and 35 kV/cm. The relationship between molecular weight and
      extent of electric hysteresis is linear for all RNAs, while tRNA slightly
      deviates from such a relationship. The ability of the RNAs to permeate biological
      mebranes or bind membrane components such as lecithins is studied with rat liver
      mitochondria and a two-phase system with egg lecithin dissolved in the organic
      phase and RNA in the aqueous one. There is no apparent relationship between
      molecular weight of the RNAs and their ability to interact with biological
      membranes.

PMID- 687675
TI  - Hormone responsiveness of adenylate cyclase activity of cultured myogenic cells.
AB  - We studied the effect of catecholamines on the adenylate cyclase activity of
      myogenic cells of the L6 line during the differentiation process. The enzyme of
      mononucleated myoblasts was found to be activated by adrenaline L, noradrenaline
      L, and to a small extent, by adrenaline D and dihydrocymandelic acid. The
      adenylate cyclase of the differentiated cells responded to adrenaline L and
      noradrenaline L but not to adrenaline D or dihydroxymandelic acid. This
      activation could be inhibited by the addition of DOPA and propranolol, a specific
      beta adrenergic blocker. alpha adrenergic compounds such as phentolamine did not
      have any effect. It is concluded that beta adrenergic receptors are present on
      myogenic cells before and after differentiation.

PMID- 687676
TI  - Taurine transport into the brain in rats.

PMID- 687677
TI  - Solubilization of Spiroplasma citri cell membrane proteins with the anionic
      detergent sodium lauroyl-sarcosinate (Sarkosyl).
AB  - 1. Up to 90 per cent of the membrane proteins from Spiroplasma citri could be
      solubilized with the anionic detergent Sarkosyl (sodium lauroyl-sarcosinate).
      Maximal solubilization was obtained with 6 to 20 mumoles of of detergent per mg
      of membrane protein. The insoluble residue, comprising about 10 per cent of the
      membrane protein, contained mainly the protein spiralin, which is quantitatively
      the major one of this membrane. 2. Mg2+ ions completely prevented solubilization
      of the membrane proteins at a molar ratio of MgCl2/Sarkosyl greater than 0.5. 3.
      The selectivity of Sarkosyl was also tested at low detergent concentrations and
      in the presence of Mg2+ ions. Spiralin was the least soluble protein also under
      these conditions. Other proteins were not selectively solubilized. 4. An
      electrophoretical and immunoelectrophoretical approach was used to study the
      interaction between Sarkosyl and membrane proteins. The results indicated that
      Sarkosyl should be considered as a mild detergent which usually solubilizes
      membrane proteins without gross donformational changes. This hypothesis was
      supported by experiments with a membrane-bound enzyme in the presence of
      Sarkosyl.

PMID- 687678
TI  - [Isolation of myosin light chain from porcine heart by preparative
      electrophoresis and study of the polypeptides obtained by cyanogen bromide
      action].
AB  - A simple, rapid and efficient procedure is developed to isolate proteins with
      identical or different isoelectric points such as pig cardiac myosin light
      chains. Preparative electrophoresis on discontinuous polyacrylamide slab gels in
      the presence of urea allows a very good separation of each light chain (L27 and
      L18) and heavy chain from highly purified myosin. An original elution procedure
      of the proteins fixed and localized by amido schwartz allows the isolation of the
      L27 and L18 light chains in quantities sufficient to carry out structural
      studies. Homogeneity of light chains thus isolated is checked by the analysis of
      cyanogen bromide peptides. Structural similarities can be demonstrated between
      myosin light chains of beef and pig heart.

PMID- 687679
TI  - [Immobilization of coenzyme A on a hydrosoluble polymer].
AB  - Our purpose being to work out a "continuous flow" enzymatic reactor of
      acetylation with a cofactor, we present here some results about the
      immobilization of coenzyme A on T40 dextran. Two methods of fixation are compared
      with regard to the capacity and the biological activity of the polymers thus
      obtained.

PMID- 687680
TI  - Immobilization of ligands for affinity chromatography. a comparative study of two
      condensation agents : 1-cyclohexyl-3-(2-morpholinoethyl)-carbodiimide-metho-p
      toluene sulfonate (CMC) and N-ethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline
      (EEDQ).

PMID- 687681
TI  - On the occurrence of two "soluble" arylsulphatases in chicken liver.

PMID- 687682
TI  - A comparison of the mechanisms and some properties of instructed sudomotor and
      cardiac control.
AB  - Instructed control defined as differential compliance with verbal instructions to
      increase and decrease a response was assessed when a change in sudomotor
      activation or heart rate was specified as the behavioral goal. Instructed control
      of heart rate was evident prior to explicit feedback training for this response,
      but instructed control of sudomotor activation defined as finger sweating and
      measured as skin conductance was not. Feedback training subsequently established
      instructed control of sudomotor responding, but such training did not lead to a
      significant improvement in control of heart rate. Explicit strategy suggestions
      emphasizing emotional responding and intended or actual movement appeared to
      interfere with the performance of instructed control under both target
      conditions. Instructed changes in heart rate were attended by correlated changes
      in somatomotor and respiratory function. Somatomotor and respiratory responses
      were also observed when subjects were instructed to change sudomotor activation,
      but these correlated activities were of small magnitude and were not augmented by
      feedback training as was target responding. Several accounts of the basis for
      differences that were evident between the target conditions with respect to
      feedback effects and response patterns are discussed.

PMID- 687684
TI  - Abstracts of papers presented at the ninth annual meeting of the Biofeedback
      Society of America.

PMID- 687683
TI  - Methodological issues in alpha biofeedback training.
AB  - Current controversies concerning outcomes of EEG alpha feedback training are at
      least in part due to methodological differences among different studies. The aim
      of this paper is to provide future and present researchers in this field with an
      analysis of methods used in most of the studies published from 1968 to 1976, and
      to comment on those methodological issues we think most important. These include
      alpha assessment, training schedules, and uni- versus bidirectional training.
      This analysis is accomplished in part by a series of tables listing 45 studies
      and the detailed methodologies used. It is believed that the probabilities of
      successful feedback enhancement of alpha can be substantially improved by
      incorporating the following suggestions: (a) employing at least four training
      sessions, (b) the use of continuous rather than dichotomous feedback,
      supplemented by periodic quantitative scores of progress, and (c) using training
      trials of at least 10 minutes' duration.

PMID- 687685
TI  - A neural net capable of competitive and cooperative computation.

PMID- 687686
TI  - A spatio-temporal model of cat's retinal cells.

PMID- 687687
TI  - The kinetics of visual pigment systems. I. Mathematical analysis.

PMID- 687688
TI  - The kinetics of visual pigment systems. II. Application to measurements on a
      bistable pigment system.

PMID- 687689
TI  - Retardation currents in excitable membranes and models of flicker noise.

PMID- 687690
TI  - Nonlinear analysis of the human visual evoked response.

PMID- 687691
TI  - Effects of pharmacologic agents on umbilical blood flow in fetal lambs in utero.
AB  - We studied the effects of pharmacologic agents on umbilical blood flow and
      umbilical-placental vascular resistance in 18 fetal lambs in utero. Three groups
      of drugs were identified: the first had no effect on umbilical blood flow or
      umbilical-placental vascular resistance; the second altered umbilical blood flow
      secondary to changes in heart rate and placental perfusion pressure, but did not
      change umbilical-placental vascular resistance; the third decreased umbilical
      blood flow and increased umbilical-placental vascular resistance. The studies
      suggest mechanisms by which umbilical blood flow is regulated in the fetal lamb.

PMID- 687692
TI  - The postnatal development of rats born preterm and postterm. II. Liver, brain,
      heart and kidneys.
AB  - Groups of 3 preterm (duration of gestation 22 days), 3 term (23 days), and 3
      postterm (24 days) rats have been fed together by 1 mother rat. The postnatal
      growth of liver, brain, heart and kidney has been studied up to the 30th day of
      life. The postnatal loss of water shows good correlation with the maturation of
      each organ. The postnatal loss of water is marked in brain and kidneys, but only
      slight in liver and heart. The pronounced growth spurt of the brain at the about
      10th day of life is probably due to the opening of the eyes. The growth spurt of
      the liver at the 15th day may be due to the supplementary food at the time of
      weaning. The effect of intrauterine undernutrition in postterm rats is most
      strikingly demonstrated in the liver. Postnatal undernutrition in preterm rats
      causes a retardation of growth of the liver and kidneys.

PMID- 687693
TI  - Intrauterine growth in Hong Kong Chinese.
AB  - The recorded data on birth weight and gestational age of 16,836 babies born at
      Tsan Yuk Hospital in Hong Kong for the years 1970 to 1972 was analysed by
      computer. The means, standard deviations, and percentiles were separately
      obtained for nine sub-groups between 28 and 42 weeks and they were compared with
      similar series from Taiwan, Singapore, America and England. Chinese babies in
      Hong Kong were significantly heavier compared to most series between 32 and 35
      weeks (p less than or equal to 0.001), and consistently lighter compared to all
      series studied between 38 and 42 weeks (p less than or equal to 0.001). Reasons
      for these findings are discussed.

PMID- 687694
TI  - Quantification of intrauterine malnutrition.
AB  - Small-for-gestational-age infants are a heterogeneous collection of growth
      retarded infants. In the subgroup of intrauterine-malnourished infants an attempt
      is made to quantify the degree of malnutrition by postnatal measurements of
      length, weight and fat-fold thickness. In 48 clinically wasted and not-wasted
      term newborns, regardless of birth weight, the ponderal index of Rohrer (100 X
      W/L3) was determined and the deviation from 'normal' calculated. The deviations
      are correlated with fat-fold thickness and clinical diagnosis. A highly
      significant correlation gives support to the view that both ponderal index
      deviation from 'normal' and fat-fold thickness are useful parameters to quantify
      the effect of intrauterine malnutrition in newborns.

PMID- 687695
TI  - Postnatal changes in blood S-adenosylmethionine concentration. Some observations
      in hyaline membrane disease.
AB  - The blood concentration of S-adenosylmethionine in 18 premature neonates affected
      by hyaline membrane disease did not differ from that found in a control group of
      healthy premature newborns. However, these values are higher than those found in
      full-term infants: this fact suggests that the methionine cycle is active in both
      the fetus and premature neonate with consequent conservation of homocysteine
      sulfur. These data provide ancillary evidence in support of the hypothesis that
      in premature babies cyst(e)ine is an essential amino acid. The concentration of S
      adenosylmethionine reaches its lowest level 30 days after birth and then
      stabilizes at the age of 2--5 months with blood levels similar to those of the
      normal adult.

PMID- 687696
TI  - The effects of aflatoxin B1 on rat fetal lung lipids.
AB  - The administration of aflatoxin B1 to rats on days 17 and 19 of pregnancy caused
      increased synthesis of the total lipids and the fatty acids, and decreased
      synthesis of the phosphatidyl choline in 21-day-old fetal lung. Aflatoxin B1
      caused toxicity in the fetal lung as evidenced by the excessive accumulation of
      the lamellar bodies and the osmiophilic spheroids in the type II cells and the
      alveolar lumen, respectively. The rearrangement of the lamellar form to the
      continuous sheet-like tubular myelin form was reduced in the alveolar lumen of
      the treated lung.

PMID- 687698
TI  - Relationship of intra-oesophageal pressure to mouth pressure during the
      measurement of thoracic gas volume in the newborn.
AB  - During the measurement of thoracic gas volume, mouth pressure changes were
      compared to oesophageal pressure changes using an oesophageal balloon system. In
      individual babies the correlation was high, with r values in excess of 0.98. In
      other babies the correlation was less satisfactory due to cardiac contractions
      producing artefacts in the oesophageal pressure trace. The overall correlation
      obtained from analysing 155 respiratory efforts in a group of 21 babies studied
      on 23 occasions exceeded an r value of 0.90. We conclude that it is valid to use
      an oesophageal balloon system to measure changes in intrathoracic pressure.

PMID- 687697
TI  - The rabbit during the last third of gestation. Data concerning the whole fetus,
      its diaphragm and brown adipose tissue.
AB  - Total lipid, protein and glycogen concentrations were determined for the
      diaphragm and interscapular brown adipose tissue of fetal (22-31 days of
      gestation) and neonatal rabbits. In the diaphragm, protein concentration doubles
      and lipid concentration drops to half its initial value during the period under
      study; the glycogen level reaches its maximal value at 27 days, and decreases
      thereafter. In the brown fat, the lipid concentration rises steadily until the
      immediate prenatal period; the protein concentration remains steady and the
      glycogen is highest at 29 days of gestation. Fetal plasma glucose and insulin
      levels increase steadily; there exists a positive correlation between fetal
      plasma insulin levels and fetal body weight.

PMID- 687699
TI  - Effect of lipid loading on fetal uptake of free fatty acids, glycerol, and beta
      hydroxybutyrate.
AB  - The possibility of influencing the fetal uptake of free fatty acids (FFA), beta
      hydroxybutyrate (beta-OH), and glycerol was demonstrated by enhancing the
      maternal blood level of these substances by means of 10% intralipid infusions to
      the mothers during delivery. The FFA uptake, which was not significant in fetuses
      of control mothers, became positive in fetuses born after maternal infusion with
      intralipid. The uptake of beta-OH and glycerol, which were positive in normal
      conditions, increased in fetuses from intralipid-infused mothers. These studies
      demonstrate that, after intralipid infusions to the mothers, the fetal FFA uptake
      could be correlated with the FFA concentration difference between maternal
      arterial, and fetal umbilical arterial blood. Since the fetal uptake of FFA
      subsequent to intralipid infusions is not negligible, we consider the possibility
      that lipid infusions to the mothers could be an approach to the treatment of the
      fetus with poor intrauterine growth.

PMID- 687700
TI  - Placebo and sleep patterns of normal young adults.

PMID- 687701
TI  - Amino acid levels in schizophrenia: a clue to etiology.

PMID- 687702
TI  - Is there a local feedback from the seminiferous tubules affecting activity of the
      Leydig cells?

PMID- 687703
TI  - Uterine lysosomal enzyme activity during ovum implantation and early
      decidualization.

PMID- 687704
TI  - Prolactin release in lactating, primiparous and multiparous thelectomized and
      maternal virgin rats exposed to pup stimuli.

PMID- 687705
TI  - Diffusion of [3H] testosterone from hypothalamic microimplants in castrated male
      gerbils: correlation with acute changes in plasma LH.

PMID- 687706
TI  - Penetration of human eggs by human spermatozoa in vitro.

PMID- 687707
TI  - Purification and properties of a proteinase inhibitor from chicken seminal
      plasma.

PMID- 687708
TI  - Characterization of the surface glycoproteins of rat spermatozoa.

PMID- 687709
TI  - Seasonal effects of pinealectomy on gonadal activity in the goldfish, Carassius
      auratus.

PMID- 687710
TI  - The relative contribution of suckling and prolactin to the inhibition of
      gonadotropin secretion during lactation in the rat.

PMID- 687711
TI  - Chronic low level maternal carbon monoxide exposure and fetal growth and
      development.

PMID- 687712
TI  - Monocytes and mast cells in the limiting membrane of human seminiferous tubules.

PMID- 687713
TI  - A reduction apparatus for femur fractures.
AB  - The majority of femur fractures are closed fractures in the mid-third of the
      femoral shaft. A very well known fixation technique is the one using an
      intramedullary pin, which is inserted from the hip side. Open reduction of the
      fracture is mostly applied but the majority, between 85 and 93%, of the fractures
      are closed and therfore a more logical and safer technique would be closed
      reduction. However, this technique, also called blind-nailing, is more difficult.
      Besides an x-ray scanner with a monitor it also requires experience of the
      surgeon and some special tools to supply the necessary reduction forces to the
      proximal and distal parts of the femur. This publication describes a new designed
      reduction apparatus (1), that primarily simplifies blind-reduction of femur
      fractures, but can also be used for any other operation technique where a good
      grip on bones has to be provided with a minimum of tissue damage. The apparatus
      is designed to be used with standard Kirschner-wires and is easy to apply in
      combination with the existing operation techniques, and does not require special
      skill.

PMID- 687714
TI  - Dental implant fixation by electrically mediated process. I. Interfacial
      strength.
AB  - In order to determine the effect of electrical stimulation on canine alveolar
      bone, porous PMMA dental implants with a solid core (on which a Pt-13% Rh
      electrode was wound) were implanted in the mesial socket of the canine mandibular
      fourth premolars bilaterally. The positive electrode was implanted into the
      distal socket. The power pack was placed over the masseteric fossa. The implants,
      wires and power packs were all implanted subcutaneously. Each animal had an
      experimental and control implant. Mechanical push-out samples were prepared by
      sectioning a 2mm thick section of the mandible with the implant in the middle.
      The samples were tested immediately and the load-deflection curves were obtained.

PMID- 687715
TI  - Electrochemical behavior of amino acids and their influence on the anodic
      oxidation of glucose in neutral media.
AB  - Body fluids contain a large number of amino acids along with glucose. Therefore,
      the electrochemical behavior of amino acids should be considered in studying the
      anodic oxidation reaction of glucose for biological applications. Potential-sweep
      and steady-state measurements with different platinum electrodes under neutral
      conditions have shown that the oxidation of amino acids is basically possible.
      However, their presence, especially as a mixture, has a remarkable influence on
      the glucose oxidation and the anodic reaction is strongly inhibited. With respect
      to the degree of inhibition, they can be classified into two groups. The
      inhibiting effect is particularly drastic in the case of basic and unsaturated
      amino acids as well as the ones containing sulphur because of their strong
      absorption at the electrode surface. The glucose currents are inhibited by about
      90% under steady-state. In addition to the direct electrochemical inhibition, the
      following bacterial decomposition of amino acids is probably also responsible for
      the drastic effect. However, about 10% of the glucose currents still remain
      measurable indicating that glucose is detectable at physiological concentrations
      even under extremly unfavorable conditions. This result is of basic importance in
      operating a biofuel cell or in measuring glucose concentrations.

PMID- 687716
TI  - Large agarose beads for extracorporeal detoxification systems.
AB  - A method is reported by which agarose beads of diameter 1000 to 10000 microns can
      be prepared from Sepharose (R) 4B (native bead diameter 40 to 190 microns).
      Haemoperfusion experiments indicate that the enlarged beads are relatively
      haemocompatible; platelet loss is considerably less than that reported for many
      other bio-materials employed in haemoperfusion, and haemolysis is slight even
      after perfusion for several hours at flow-rates in excess of 25 ml/min. The beads
      can be activated by cyanogen bromide for the immobilisation of proteins. The
      sites for protein fixation are not restricted to the outside surface of the
      beads; small water soluble molecules, and serum proteins diffuse quite rapidly
      through the enlarged beads. A possible medical application of the large beads is
      in extracorporeal detoxification by chromatographic extraction or enzymatic
      modification, particularly of lipophilic toxins, using the enlarged beads as a
      carrier-matrix. The results described in this publication prove the viability of
      this concept. Such methods should be especially useful as artificial supports in
      fulminant hepatic failure.

PMID- 687717
TI  - In vivo interactions between novel filler free silicone rubber and blood.
AB  - To evaluate the thrombogenicity of the novel filler free silicone rubber (FFSR)
      prepared in our laboratory, its interactions with blood were studied. The test
      samples (FFSR) along with control Silastic samples were placed in an
      extracorporeal shunt and primed with sterilized normal saline. The blood from an
      anaesthetized and systemically heparinized dog was passed over these samples for
      predetermined time intervals. After washing, fixing, etc., the platelets adhering
      to the samples were counted under light microscopy. To study the morphological
      changes of the platelets adhering to the samples, they were examined under
      scanning electron microscope. The number of platelets adhering to the FFSR
      samples was very small compared to the Silastic samples. For example, when the
      blood was passed over the samples for 10 min the number of platelets sticking per
      0.14 mm2 surface area was 10 for FFSR samples compared to 380 for Silastic.
      Furthermore, there were no leukocytes on FFSR samples compared to 10 on Silastic.
      From these studies, the novel filler free silicone rubber prepared in our
      laboratory was judged to be more compatible with formed elements of blood
      compared to the Silastic material.

PMID- 687718
TI  - Feasibility of long-term esophageal electrocardiography in the study of transient
      arrhythmias.

PMID- 687719
TI  - A microprocessor-based environmental monitor for large animal experimental
      facilities.

PMID- 687720
TI  - A microprocessor-based scanning densitometer.

PMID- 687721
TI  - Multiple-output electromyographic switching system.

PMID- 687722
TI  - Ambulatory recording of intestinal electrical activity in man.

PMID- 687723
TI  - Statistically compensated averaging method for noninvasive recording of his
      purkinje activity.

PMID- 687724
TI  - Evaluation of valvular function in beagle dogs using echocardiography.

PMID- 687725
TI  - Corona discharge photography with salamanders before and after amputation of
      extremities.

PMID- 687726
TI  - Polar bear trackingvia satellite.

PMID- 687727
TI  - An integral form solution of th CO gas transport equations.

PMID- 687728
TI  - Feedback control in the management of cardiac arrhythmias.

PMID- 687729
TI  - A microprocessor-based digital echocardiography system.

PMID- 687730
TI  - Spectral estimation of cardiovascular sounds.

PMID- 687731
TI  - Spectral studies of physiologically significant EEG rhythms.

PMID- 687732
TI  - Software for obtaining pre-, during and post-average power spectra and evoked
      response.

PMID- 687733
TI  - Detection of electroencephalographic response following changes in the anesthetic
      dose.

PMID- 687734
TI  - An intelligent monitor for ambulatory ECGS.

PMID- 687735
TI  - A portable microcomputer-based system for biomedical applications.

PMID- 687736
TI  - Reliable R-wave detection from ambulatory subjects.

PMID- 687737
TI  - Ultrasonic transesophageal measurement of hemodynamic parameters in humans.

PMID- 687738
TI  - Algorithms for real-time ambulatory ECG monitoring.

PMID- 687739
TI  - Arrhythmia detection program for an ambulatory ECG monitor.

PMID- 687740
TI  - A single animal activity monitoring unit.

PMID- 687741
TI  - Pulsed microwave-diathermy.

PMID- 687743
TI  - [A new technique for manufacturing integrated leaflet valves for artificial blood
      pumps (author's transl)].

PMID- 687742
TI  - [A method for the gentle revitalization of cryopreserved leucocytes and stem
      cells in a closed macrosystem (author's transl)].

PMID- 687744
TI  - Proposal for a new method of measuring the aerodynamics in the nose.

PMID- 687745
TI  - Post-heparin plasma lipolytic activity in acute hepatitis.
AB  - Post-heparin plasma lipolytic activity (PHLA) was measured in 21 patients with
      acute viral hepatitis. PHLA was significantly reduced in all patients (p less
      than 0.0005), whose mean activity was only 32% of the control subjects. An
      inverse correlation (p less than 0.05) was found between PHLA values and serum
      triglycerides levels. During recovery, the normalization of PHLA was much slower
      than that of the usual tests of liver function. PHLA measurement may represent a
      new and sensitive test of liver function.

PMID- 687746
TI  - Circulating immune complexes in multiple sclerosis. Relation to clinical and
      biological parameters.
AB  - Circulating immune complexes were looked for on 38 clinically definite MS
      (multiple sclerosis) patients compared to 35 other neurological patients and 26
      healthy subjects. 29% of the MS sera and 8.6% of the other neurological sera were
      positive, whereas none of the control sera were positive. These differences are
      significant. Clinical status was analysed as regards the age at onset, the
      duration and course of the disease, the disability of the patients and the
      treatment they received. CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) parameters studied were
      pleocytosis, concentration of total protein, electrophoresis. The results suggest
      that IC (immune complex) are more frequent during the first 10 years of the MS
      disease, in patients with blood-brain barrier damage and in patients without
      oligoclonal IgG.

PMID- 687747
TI  - Effect of gastric intubation of the gastric loss of serum albumin.
AB  - In a group of 18 inpatients, the catabolism of serum albumin rate, in percentage
      of intravascular albumin pool, was measured during two successive periods of 7
      days. In the first experimental period, we did no intubation, while during the
      second, a tube was kept in the stomach, with an overnight intragastric perfusion
      of an isotonic solution of sodium bicarbonate. With the same batches of labelled
      albumin, we measured the serum albumin catabolism, in a similar way, in a group
      of 19 normal subjects, for two weeks, without gastric intubation. The difference
      in the rate of serum albumin catabolism, during the first and second period, is
      positive and amounts to +0.547 percent +/- 0.214 (mean +/- SEM) in the intubated
      group, and +0.765 percent +/- 0.207 in the control group. The weaker decrease in
      catabolism rate during the second period in the intubated group, as compared to
      the control group, is not statistically significant (t = 0.731). We conclude that
      continuous intubation of the stomach for 7 days does not increase the catabolism
      rate of serum albumin. Therefore, it should not significantly increase the loss
      of albumin in the gastric lumen.

PMID- 687748
TI  - Decreased "active" rosette-forming cells during remission in Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 687749
TI  - Use of laser-nephelometer to quantitate lipoprotein-bound immunoglobulins in
      human sera. Importance of the diluting reagent.
AB  - If the method using Hyland LAS-RTM kit reagent recommended by the manufactorer
      yielded excellent results to measure immunoglobulins free in serum, the same is
      not true when one quantitates immunoglobulins bound with antigens, especially
      with lipidic antigens. Since the specificity of Hyland antisera is not the cause
      of this difference, we have studied therefore the effect of the diluting buffer
      on the antisera, on the blank, and its consequences on the assay. The
      abnormalities encountered in the results were due to precipitation of
      lipoproteins and immune complexes by the diluting buffer yielded in the kit. We
      avoided entirely these errors by preparing a blank, not in NaCl 0.15 M, but in
      the kit reagent used to dilute the antisera.

PMID- 687750
TI  - Elevated serum urate and normocholesterolemia in patients with thromboangiitis
      obliterans.

PMID- 687751
TI  - The fate of clofibrate in the perfused rat liver.
AB  - Rat liver perfusions were carried out with [methyl 14C]-labelled
      chlorophenoxyisobutyrate (CPIB) in the perfusate. In three hours, livers passed
      42% of the CPIB into the bile (40% of which was conjugated), oxidized 0.3% to CO2
      and retained 2.2% within the liver tissue. The fate of CPID in perfused livers
      from rats pretreated with clofibrate for one week was similar. Subfractionation
      of the liver showed that most of the retained radioactivity was located in the
      cytosol. The substantial uptake and transport of the drug through the tissue show
      that its effects on liver metabolism could be due to direct action.

PMID- 687752
TI  - Preliminary results of the combination methotrexate-asparaginase in patients with
      acute non lymphoid leukemia.
AB  - Twenty-three refractory and/or relapsing acute non-lymphoid leukemia patients
      were treated with a combination of methotrexate (MTX) and asparaginase (Aase)
      slightly modifed from that recently proposed by Capizzi et al. Patients received
      MTX on day 1, followed by Aase 24 hours later; the two day course was repeated
      weekly. The starting dose of MTX was 60 mg/m2 and was increased by 50% at each
      course to maximum toxicity. The dose of Aase was kept constant at 10,000 u/m2.
      Twelve patients achieved complete remission lasting 3 to 58 weeks, with 8
      patients surviving more than 30 weeks. Toxicity has been remarkably mild with the
      major problem being hypersensitivity to Aase.

PMID- 687753
TI  - Biochemical problems caused by some cryoglobulins.
AB  - An unsuspected cryoglobulinaemia may be responsible for incorrect serum protein
      results and thus cause dysglobulinaemia to remain undetected. When cryoglobulins
      precipitate above laboratory temperature, they will be removed with the clot
      during centrifugation of the blood sample if they have not previously been
      suspected clinically or biologically. In the case of massive cryoglobulinaemia,
      one might find normal protein results but such results are incorrect and if only
      total protein estimation has been requested, dysglobulinaemia can remain
      undetected. However, if electrophoresis can also been carried out, a slight
      abnormality of the gamma globulin fraction might be observed and this ought to
      incite one to look for cryoglobulin by the usual method (i.e. at 37 degrees C),
      even in the absence of clinical evidence.

PMID- 687754
TI  - Colony-forming units in the spleen and bone marrow of young (C57BL/6xDBA/2)F1
      hybrid mice.
AB  - Spleen or bone marrow cells from (C57BL/6 X DBA/2)F1 hybrid mice ranging in age
      from 1 to 32 days were transplanted into syngeneic irradiated adult recipients.
      By enumeration of macroscopic hemopoietic spleen colonies 8 days after
      transplantation, the colony-forming unit(CFU) content of the spleen and bone
      marrow of the young donor mice was determined. The CFU concentration in the bone
      marrow, initially at a level of 15.1--17.0 CFU/105 nucleated cells, increased
      during the third week of life and reached a value comparable to that of the adult
      during week 4. In contrast, the CFU concentration of the spleen decreased during
      the first 2 weeks and reached a plateau at a level of 4.45--6.66 CFU/105
      nucleated cells during the third and fourth weeks of age. This was still
      significantly higher than that of the adult hybrid. The rise in prominence of the
      bone marrow as a hemopoietic organ during this period appeared to be due to an
      increase in total cellularity coupled with an increase in CFU concentration in
      this hybrid. While the cellularity of the spleen also increased during this time,
      the CFU concentration decreased, resulting in little change in the total CFU
      content of this organ.

PMID- 687755
TI  - High renal plasma flow lability in the kidneys of hypertensive patients.
AB  - The spontaneous changes in renal plasma flow (RPF) were determined by sodium
      paraamino hippurate clearance (CPAH) in the individual kidneys of 71 patients
      with essential and secondary hypertension. These changes were expressed as
      changes in CPAH and as changes in CPAH per 100 ml Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR
      = inulin clearance) for every individual kidney. Sixteen normal subjects were
      used as control. The RPF changes were measured between two consecutive 10 minute
      clearance periods during separated kidney function tests. In all the hypertensive
      groups studied, when RPF variability was expressed per 100 ml GFR, the
      variability was found to be two to five times greater than in normals. This
      findings suggests that in the hypertensive state the blood flow changes in the
      kidney are more labile than in normals. The high lability of renal blood flow
      could reflect and abnormality in renal vascular tone. This abnormality could be
      an important factor in the pathogenesis and maintenance of high blood pressure.

PMID- 687756
TI  - Starvation and sucrose activity in small intestinal mucosa. An evaluation of
      different tissue preparations and reference systems.
AB  - Starvation for 48 hrs reduced the activity of sucrase referred to unit length in
      rat proximal small intestine by approximately 30%, irrespective of whe her
      mucosal scrapings, isolated villus epithelial cells or brush border membranes
      were investigated. Sucrase activity referred to unit weight, unit protein or to
      unit DNA of intestinal epithelium did not change.

PMID- 687757
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis of galactosemia.
AB  - We have monitored 3 pregnancies at risk for galactosemia by deficiency in
      Galactose-1-Phospho uridyl transferase. Galactosemia was diagnosed in the 1st
      case; heterozygoty in the 2nd, and a "double heterozygoty" in the 3rd. The latter
      is the first example of such a diagnosis. Post natal confirmation was obtained in
      the three cases. Arguments are given for the usefulness of this prenatal
      diagnosis.

PMID- 687758
TI  - Sialic acid-containing glycoconjugates in human lactation urine.
AB  - The excretion rate of neutral hexoses, fucose and sialic acid of oligosaccharide
      and glycopeptide fraction has been determined in lactation urine. Thin layer
      chromatography has been used to investigate the excretion pattern of
      oligosaccharides, specially sialyl-oligosaccharides, during the course of
      lactation and after weaning. Lactation urine contains sialyloligosaccharides
      which are not present in normal urine and their presence has been studied up to
      the 3rd week after weaning. These results indicate a mammary origin for most of
      these compounds and confirm the hypothesis of previous research.

PMID- 687759
TI  - Lecithin bilayers. Density measurement and molecular interactions.
AB  - Density measurement are reported for bilayer dispersions of a series of saturated
      lecithins. For chain lengths with, respectively, 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18 carbons
      per chain, the values for the volume changes at the main transition are 0.027,
      0.031, 0.037, 0.040 and 0.045 ml/g. The main transition temperature extrapolates
      with increasing chain length to the melting temperature of polyethylene. Volume
      changes at the lower transition are an order of magnitude smaller than the main
      transition. Single phase thermal expansion coefficients are also reported. The
      combination of X-ray data and density data indicated that the volume changes are
      predominantly due to the hydrocarbon chains, thus enabling the volume vCH2 of the
      methylene groups to be computed as a function of temperature. From this and
      knowledge of intermolecular interactions in hydrocarbon chains, the change in the
      interchain van der Waals energy, delta UvdW, at the main transition is computed
      for the lecithins and also for the alkanes and polyethylene at the melting
      transition. Using the experimental enthalpies of transition and delta UvdW, the
      energy equation is consistently balanced for all three systems. This yields
      estimates of the change in the number of gauche rotamers in the lecithins at the
      main transition. The consistency of these calculations supports the conclusion
      that the most important molecular energies for the main transition in lecithin
      bilayers are the hydrocarbon chain interactions and the rotational isomeric
      energies, and the conclusion that the main phase transition is analogous to the
      melting transition in the alkanes from the hexagonal phase to the liquid phase,
      but with some modifications.

PMID- 687760
TI  - The equation of motion for sperm flagella.
AB  - The equation of motion for sperm flagella, in which the elastic bending moment
      and the active contractile moment are balanced by the moment from the viscous
      resistance of the surrounding fluid, is solved for a wave solution that
      superimposes partial solutions. Substitution of the expression for the wave
      solution into the equation leads to an expression for the active contractile
      moment. This active moment can be decomposed into two parts. The first part
      describes an active moment that travels over the flagellum with the mechanical
      flagellar wave, the second part represents a moment in phase over the entire
      length of the flagellum, which decreases linearly towards the distal tip. The
      linear synchronous moment, to which an amount of traveling moment has been added
      as a perturbation, leads to wave solutions that closely resemble flagellar waves.
      Properties such as wavelength and wave amplitudes and also the shape of the waves
      in sea urchin sperm flagella at different frequencies are accurately described by
      the theory. The change in wave shape in sea urchin sperm flagella at raised
      viscosity is predicted well by the theory. The different wave properties caused
      in bull sperm flagella by different boundary conditions at the proximal junction
      are explained. When only a traveling active moment is present in a flagellum, the
      wave solutions describe waves of a small wave length in a long flagellum. Some
      properties of the wave motion of sperm flagella are derived from the theory and
      verified experimentally.

PMID- 687761
TI  - Interaction between batrachotoxin and yohimbine.
AB  - The neurotoxins, batrachotoxin and veratridine, are specific activators of sodium
      channels and cause an increase in the rate of 22Na uptake in neuroblastoma cells.
      Yohimbine, an indolakylamine alkaloid, inhibits this batrachotoxin-induced 22Na
      uptake. The dose-response curve of yohimbine suggest that the inhibitor acts
      reversibly on a single class of binding sites with dissociation constant of 3--4
      x 10(-5) M. The dissociation constant is not affected by depolarization from--41
      to 0 mV. Kinetic and equilibrium experiments indicate that yohimbine is a
      competitive inhibitor of the action of batrachotoxin. These results support the
      conclusion that yohimbine inhibitis the sodium flux by acting on the channel
      gating mechanism rather than by occluding the channels.

PMID- 687762
TI  - The dynamics of the ventricular wall and some observations on blood flow.
AB  - An expression for the energy of motion of the wall of the left ventricle is
      developed. A cylinderical model is assumed for the left ventricle, and symmetry
      is used to produce the problem to a two-dimensional problem. Result obtained
      indicate that consideration of the energy of motion can be useful in problems of
      clinical diagnosis. Some correlation between previously published experimental
      results is also made with the equations derived in this paper.

PMID- 687764
TI  - A mathematical model for spreading cortical depression.
AB  - A mathematical model is derived from physiological considerations for slow
      potential waves (called spreading depression) in cortical neuronal structures. 
      The variables taken into account are the intra- and extracellular concentrations
      of Na+, Cl-, K+, and Ca++, together with excitatory and inhibitor transmitter
      substances. The general model includes conductance changes for these various
      ions, which may occur at nonsynaptic and synaptic membrane together with active
      transport mechanisms (pumps). A detailed consideration of only the conductance
      changes due to transmitter release leads to a system of nonlinear diffusion
      equations coupled  with a system or ordinary differential equations. We obtain
      numerical solutions of a set of simplified model equations involving only K+ and
      Ca++ concentrations. The solutions agree qualitatively with experimentally
      obtained time-courses of these two ionic concentrations during spreading
      depression. The numerical solutions exhibit the observed phenomena of solitary
      waves and annihilation of colliding waves.

PMID- 687763
TI  - Postreplication repair in mammalian cells after ultraviolet irradiation: a model.
AB  - A model is presented for bypass of ultraviolet-induced damage in DNA during
      replication. The overall process is initiated by the introduction of a single
      strand break into parental DNA near the point of arrest of synthesis, followed by
      a transient crossing-over step similar to that envisaged in genetic
      recombination. The mechanism proposed provides an alternative explanation to
      existing models and is entirely consistent with available data on postreplication
      repair in mammalian cells. In addition the model explains the low level of
      recombination repair observed in mammalian cells.

PMID- 687765
TI  - An analysis of the electrical properties of a skeletal muscle fiber containing a
      helicoidal T system.
AB  - The linear electrical properties of skeletal muscle fibers have been analyzed
      using lumped circuit analogues of helicoidal T system. The geometry of a helicoid
      is assumed to produce two electrical effects, modeled separately. One model is
      motivated by the pitch or tilt of the T system, which forces the current flowing
      in the lumen of the tubules to have a longitudinal projection. The second model
      is motivated by the longitudinal continuity of a helicoid, which forms a
      structure similar to a cable within the fiber. The pitch or tilting of the T
      system plane modified the longitudinal resistance of the fiber, making it
      slightly frequency dependent; however, the magnitude of the change was less than
      0.1%. The longitudinal connections between T system networks had a more
      complicated effect; the magnitude of the correction was again less than 0.1%. The
      conclusion from this analysis is that a helicoidal T system, whose pitch is
      constrained by the sarcomere spacing, will not affect electrical signals recorded
      intracellularly in intact fibers.

PMID- 687766
TI  - Local anesthetic block of sodium channels in normal and pronase-treated squid
      giant axons.
AB  - The inhibition of sodium currents by local anesthetics and other blocking
      compounds was studied in perfused, voltage-clamped segments of squid giant axon.
      When applied internally, each of the eight compounds studied results in
      accumulating "use-depnedent" block of sodium currents upon repetitive pulsing.
      Recovery from block occurs over a time scale of many seconds. In axons treated
      with pronase to completely eliminate sodium inactivation, six of the compounds
      induce a time- and voltage-dependent decline of sodium currents after activation
      during a maintained depolarization. Four of the time-dependent blocking compounds
      -procaine, 9-aminoacridine, N-methylstrychnine, and QX572--also induce altered
      sodium tail currents by hindering closure of the activation gating mechanism.
      Treatment of the axon with pronase abolishes use-dependent block completely by
      QX222, QX314, 9-aminoacridine, and N-methylstrychnine, but only partially be
      tetracaine and etidocaine. Two pulse experiments reveal that recovery from block
      by 9-aminoacridine or N-methyl-strychnine is greatly accelerated after pronase
      treatment. Pronase treatment abolishes both use-dependent and voltage-dependent
      block by QX222 and QX314. These results provide support for a direct role  of the
      inactivation gating mechanism in producing the long-lasting use-dependent
      inhibition brought about by local anesthetic compounds.

PMID- 687767
TI  - Mean activity coefficients for the simple electrolyte in aqueous mixtures of
      polyelectrolyte and simple electrolyte. V. Common counterion mixtures of alkali
      metal dextransulfates with alkali metal chlorides.
AB  - Mean molal activity coefficients of simple electrolyte in aqueous solutions of
      Li, Na, K or Cs salts of dextransulfate (DS) with added LiCl, NaCl, KCl or CsCl
      are reported. The measurements were carried out by means of an electrochemical
      cell method using a cation exchange membrane as cation selective electrode and
      Ag/AgCl electrodes. For LiDS-LiCl, NaDS-NaCl and CsDS-CsCl systems the polymer
      concentration, mp, was varied from 0.0088 to 0.113 m and at a given mp the ratio
      X of the polymer to salt concentration was varied from 0.5 to 16. Due to the
      insolubility of KDS in high concentration of KCl, the measurements on KDS-KCl
      system were performed in the mp range of 0.0088--0.089 m and some of the smaller
      X values were omitted. The activity coefficient results are compared to Manning's
      limiting laws, the additivity rule, and to new limiting laws. The additivity rule
      can give an excellent representation of the data for all mp values when gammap is
      used as an adjustable parameter.

PMID- 687768
TI  - Electro-optical studies on synthetic polyelectrolytes. IV. Electric
      polarizability and conformation of poly-N-methyl-2-vinylpyridinium bromide in
      aqueous solution.
AB  - Measurements of the relaxation time on aqueous solutions of the title
      polyelectrolyte as a function of the concentration and of the molecular weight
      show that its conformation at very high dilution can be better accounted for by a
      weakly bending rod or wormlike chain model, with persistence length ranging from
      200 to 400 A. The analysis of the field strength dependence of the electric
      birefringence yields electric polarizability values which increase sharply with
      the dilution and are not significantly dependent upon the molecular weight. This
      has been tentatively interpreted on the basis of the theories derived by Oosawa
      and by Mandel and Van der Touw. The partially flexible model proposed by the
      latter authors allow to identify the electric polarizability calculated from
      electro-optical data to the specific dielectric increment measured in the high
      frequency range; both parameters appear to be molecular weight independent. The
      electric polarizability obtained from the Kerr effect would be originated in the
      induced dipoles caused by the delocalization of the bound counterions along rigid
      subunits whose length seems however to differ from the persistence length.

PMID- 687769
TI  - Spatial structures in a reaction-diffusion system--detailed analysis of the
      "Brusselator".
AB  - Continuous dependence of spatially nonuniform concentration profiles for the
      'Brussellator" reaction mechanims on the characteristic length of the system is
      given both for zero flux and fixed boundary conditions. Branches of solutions
      arising through primary bifurcation form closed curves. Secondary bifurcations
      giving rise to spatially asymmetric solutions exist for fixed boundary
      conditions. Results of a stability analysis of individual solutions are
      discussed. A method of composing complex spatial profiles for higher lengths from
      elementary solutions for smaller lenghts is suggested and tested in the case of
      zero flux boundary conditions. Emergence of subsequently more complex stable
      patterns in dependence on increasing length of the system suggests many
      similarities to gradual build up of complex morphogenetic patterns.

PMID- 687770
TI  - Current noise around steady states in discrete transport systems.
AB  - Subject of this paper is the transport noise in discrete systems. The transport
      systems are given by a number (n) of binding sites separated by energy barriers.
      These binding sites may be in contact outer reservoirs. The state of the systems
      is characterized by the occupation numbers of particles (current carriers) at
      these binding sites. The change in time of the occupation numbers is generated by
      individual "jumps" of particles over the energy barriers, building up the flux
      matter (for charged particles: the electric current). In the limit n leads to
      infinity continuum processes as e.g. usual diffusion are included in the
      transport model. The fluctuations in occupation numbers and other quantities
      linearly coupled to the occupation numbers may be treated with the usual master
      equation approach. The treatment of the fluctuation in fluxes (current) makes
      necessary a different theoretical approach which is presented in this paper under
      the assumption of vanishing interactions between the particles. This approach may
      be applied to a number of different transport systems in biology and physics (ion
      transport through porous channels in membranes, carriers mediated ion transport
      through membranes, jump diffusion e.g. in superionic conductors). As in the
      master equation approach the calculation of correlations and noise spectra may be
      reduced to the solution of the macroscopic equations for the occupation numbers.
      This result may be regarded as a generalization to non-equilibrium current
      fluctuations of the usual Nyquist theorem relating the current (voltage) noise
      spectrum in thermal equilibrium to the macroscopic frequency dependent
      admittance. The validity of the general approach is demonstrated by the
      calculation of the autocorrelation function and spectrum of current noise for a
      number of special examples (e.g. pores in membranes, carrier mediated ion
      transport).

PMID- 687771
TI  - A mechanism for indirect allosteric action of charged effectors.
AB  - A mechanism for indirect allosteric action of charged effectors on substrate
      binding to a macromolecule is proposed. It is accounted for by electrostatic
      interaction among effectors in the solution, away from their receptors. The
      possibility of the mechanism proposed is tested in the allosteric action of
      univalent salt and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate on oxygen binding to hemoglobin. A
      model for electrostatic interaction between these two effectors in the solution
      and for their overall effect on oxygen binding is introduced. The 2,3
      diphosphoglycerate binding constant to deoxygenated hemoglobin as a function of
      univalent salt concentration and the median ligand activity  as a function of the
      concentration of univalent salt and 2,3-diphoshoglycerate are calculated and
      compared with experimental data. The obtained results indicate that electrostatic
      interaction in the solution may significantly contribute to indirect allosteric
      action of charged effectors.

PMID- 687772
TI  - Tension transients in fibrillar muscle fibres as affected by stretch-dependent
      binding of AMP-PNP: a teinochemical effect?
AB  - The recovery in tension after release of a fibrillar muscle preparation as well
      as the fall in tension after restretch was found to be greater in presence of AMP
      PNP than in its absence (rigor). The effect of AMP-PNP was concentration
      dependent with an optimum at 0.1 mM corresponding to the dissociation constant of
      AMP-PNP from the myosin heads. This evidence supports the validity of the
      teinochemical principle which predicts a stretch-dependent AMP-PNP binding. The
      stiffness calculated per cross bridge was similar to that found by Huxley and
      Simmons (1971). It was further calculated that only 15% of the cross bridges are
      in a force-maintaining state in rigor.

PMID- 687773
TI  - Stiffness and tension during and after sudden length changes of glycerinated
      rabbit psoas muscle fibres.

PMID- 687774
TI  - Passive electrical properties of Halobacterium species. I. Low-frequency range.
AB  - The electrical conductivity of suspensions of two species of Halobacterium was
      measured at low A. C. frequency. The results obtained from Halobacterium halobium
      suspensions show that the bacteria act as non-conducting particles. In contrast,
      the cells of a Halobacterium obtained from the Dead Sea (Halobacterium
      marismortui) had an apparently high conductivity which can be explained partly in
      terms of the cell-membrane being pierced by pores through which ions can move
      freely and partly in terms of highly concentrated cell ions, all of which are
      mobile.

PMID- 687775
TI  - Thermodynamics of the slow-fast transition in bacteriophage T2L.

PMID- 687776
TI  - Concentration-dependent isomerization of bacteriophage T2L.

PMID- 687777
TI  - Tail-fiber attachment bacteriophage T4D studied by quasielastic light scattering
      band electrophoresis.

PMID- 687778
TI  - Use of a new silylating agent for separation of bile acids and cholesterol by
      selected ion monitoring with the computer controlled intensity matching
      technique.
AB  - Dimethylethylsilyl ether derivatives of human biliary bile acid ethyl esters and
      cholesterol were separated completely by gas chromatography and selected ion
      monitoring by use of the mixed stationary liquid phase of OV-101 and Dexsil 300GC
      (1:1). These derivatives could be prepared easily and subjected directly to gas
      chromatography mass spectrometry. Dimethylethylsilyl ethers of bile acids ethyl
      esters were eluted in regular order according to the number of hydroxyl groups
      when used with the non-polar stationary liquid phases. Lithocholic acid, a minor
      component of human bile, was identified easily by selected ion monitoring with
      the computer controlled intensity matching technique.

PMID- 687779
TI  - Simultaneous determination of diphenylhydantoin, mephobarbital, carbamazepine,
      phenobarbital and primidone in serum using direct chemical ionization mass
      spectrometry.
AB  - A quantitative method for the simultaneous determination of five anticonvulsants
      in serum has been developed using chemical ionization mass spectrometry without
      prior chromatographic separation. The technique was shown to be rapid, simple and
      sensitive, allowing the routine analysis of 50 microliter of serum with good
      within-day and day-to-day precision.

PMID- 687780
TI  - The on column methylation of clonidine and p-hydroxyclonidine with
      trimethylanilinium hydroxide.
AB  - The structures of the methylated clonidine derivatives formed by on column
      methylation with trimethylanilinium hydroxide are revised. The almost exclusive
      formation of derivatives of phenylimino-N,N-dimethylimidazolidine structure is
      explained in terms of a fast kinetically controlled reaction of substrate anions.
      The reliability of a stable isotope dilution assay for clonidine is discussed in
      view of these results.

PMID- 687781
TI  - Urinary metabolites of 4-isobutylphenylacetic acid studied by combined gas
      chromatography mass spectrometry.
AB  - After ingestion of 4-isobutylphenylacetic acid three metabolites were identified
      in the urine, viz. 4-(2-carboxypropyl)phenylacetic acid, 4-(2-hydroxy-2
      methylpropyl)phenylacetic acid and 4-(1-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)phenylacetic acid.
      These metabolites were identified by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. In
      the in vivo formation of the metabolites the isobutyl sidechain of the drug is
      attacked by omega1-hydroxylation, followed by further oxidation of the primary
      alcohol to a carboxyl group, by omega2-hydroxylation and by omega3-hydroxylation,
      respectively. It has been shown previously that two other drugs with an isobutyl
      sidechain, viz. 2-p-methoxybenzenesulphonamido-5-isobutyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole and
      2,4'-isobutylphenylpropionic acid, are metabolized in an analogous way.

PMID- 687782
TI  - Selected ion monitoring assay for meclizine in human plasma.
AB  - A method has been developed for the quantification of meclizine in human plasma
      using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Pentadeuterated meclizine was
      synthesized and used as an internal standard. The method gave linear results over
      a concentration range of 5-200 ng ml-1 and was used to determine plasma levels of
      meclizine following administration to a male volunteer.

PMID- 687783
TI  - Natural 13C/12C ratio variations in human populations.
AB  - Baseline data on the naturally occurring 13C/12C ratios of human tissue samples
      from several modern human populations are presented. Isotope ratios were
      determined for endogenous tissue samples (brain, liver and lung) from 20 routine
      unselected autopsy cases of residents of Long Island, New York. Comparable data
      were obtained from tissue samples from Bergen, Norway and Lucerne, Switzerland.
      Average values of 13C ratios reported in units of delta13C(0/00) relative to the
      PDB carbonate standard were -20.6 +/- 1.0 for 49 tissue samples from Switzerland,
      -20.7 +/- 1.0 for 21 tissue samples from Bergen, Norway and -16.2 +/- 1.0 for 89
      tissue samples from Long Island, New York. These variations are discussed in
      terms of the isotopic carbon inventory in the respective diets of the populations
      sampled and also in terms of their implications for biomedical investigation.

PMID- 687784
TI  - Metabolism of the enantiomers of 2-hydroxy-N-cyclopropylmethylmorphinan in dog
      and man.
AB  - The major metabolic pathway of the (-) enantiomer and the (+) enantiomer of 2
      hydroxy-N-cyclopropylmethylmorphinan in dogs was shown to be conjugation with
      glucuronic acid and/or sulfate. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry, nuclear
      magnetic resonance spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography were used to identify
      additional metabolites of the two enantiomers in dog urine after hydrolysis with
      Glusulase. Metabolites of the (-) enantiomer were identified as 2
      hydroxymorphinan and 2,7beta-dihydroxy-N-cyclopropropylmethylmorphinan. The major
      metabolites of the (+) enantiomer in hydrolyzed dog urine were identified as 2
      hydroxymorphinan,2,3-dihydroxy-N-cyclopropylmethylmorphinan and 2-methoxy-3
      hydroxy-N-cyclopropylmethylmorphinan. In addition, tentative or partial
      structures were postulated for three minor metabolites of the (+) enantiomer: 2
      methoxy-3-hydroxymorphinan, a metabolite containing a hydroxyl group on either
      carbon 4, 5, 6 or 7 and a methylated catechol metabolite containing a hydroxyl
      group on carbon 4, 5, 6 or 7. Thus, the major oxidative pathways of the (-)
      enantiomer were N-dealkylation and aliphatic hydroxylation, while the (+)
      enantiomer mainly underwent N-dealkylation and aromatic hydroxylation, followed
      by phenolic methylation. Analysis of urine from a human subject administered the
      (-) enantiomer suggested that the metabolism of this isomer by man was similar to
      its metabolism by dog.

PMID- 687785
TI  - Phenylacetic acid in human cerebrospinal fluid and plasma: selected ion
      monitoring assay.
AB  - Phenylacetic acid has been detected in human cerebrospinal fluid and plasma. Free
      acid and total acid values obtained after hydrolysis have been quantified as the
      pentafluorobenzyl ester by selected ion monitoring, using [2H7]phenylacetic acid
      as internal standard.

PMID- 687786
TI  - Mass spectroscopic differentiation between 3'- and 5'-nucleoside monophosphoric
      acids.

PMID- 687787
TI  - Effects of glucose on the activity and synthesis of fermentative and respiratory
      pathway of Saccharomyces sp.

PMID- 687788
TI  - Effect of the glyoxylic acid cycle on the respiratory quotient of Saccharomyces
      sp.

PMID- 687789
TI  - Immobilized horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase: effect of bicarbonate.

PMID- 687790
TI  - Applications of purification reactions for minimizing reaction-generated enzyme
      poisoning.
AB  - A mathematical model has been employed to examine the interplay of reaction and
      mass transfer in immobilized enzyme systems involving reaction-generated enzyme
      poisions. Deactivation rates can be significantly reduced in some cases by
      catalyzing a purification reaction in which the poison is transformed into an
      innocuous substance. This conclusion in illustrated experimentally for reaction
      generated H2O2 in  a continuous-flow stirred slurry reactor containing glucose
      oxidase immobilized on activated carbon.

PMID- 687791
TI  - Alterations in behavior resulting from persistent lymphocytic choriomeningitis
      virus infection.
AB  - We have studied behavioral change in mice persistently infected as neonates with
      lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. Open-field, electric shock startle, and
      locomotor behavior were measured on these persistently infected mice and normal
      controls when they were 2--6 months of age. The infected mice exhibited
      significantly greater latency to move in the open-field, were more sensitive to
      low current electric shock and were slightly less active when tested for 4 days
      in running wheels. Immunofluorescent examination of adult mouse brain 14 days
      after the initiation of persistent infection with cyclophosphamide (given 3 days
      after virus) demonstrated viral antigen in hippocampal and olfactory tissue.
      Behavioral results were interpreted in terms of direct effects of virus on the
      brain, perhaps altering certain critical neurophysiologic and neurochemical
      parameters. The possible relationship between limbic system pathology and human
      mental disorder is raised.

PMID- 687792
TI  - The HLA-SD antigens and schizophrenia--a statistical analysis.

PMID- 687793
TI  - What is schizophrenia?

PMID- 687794
TI  - Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and neuritis: immunologic responses to
      myelin basic proteins.

PMID- 687795
TI  - Serologic studies on schizophrenic patients.
AB  - We studied the capacity of sera from schizophrenic patients and from normal blood
      bank donors to agglutinate sheep erythrocytes coated with extracts of human
      brain. Passive hemagglutination of coated erythrocytes was obtained with 36.4% of
      the assayed sera of the schizophrenia patients and with 11% of the control sera.
      Drug treatment did not seem to play a major role in the reactivity because the
      patients were either never treated before or a period of several weeks was
      allowed since treatment until blood was drawn. Furthermore, the analysis of sera
      obtained by sequential bleedings of patients on drug therapy showed that drugs
      did not affect the serologic activity.

PMID- 687796
TI  - Levels of serum nerve growth factor in schizophrenia.

PMID- 687797
TI  - Research approaches to diagnostic classification in schizophrenia.

PMID- 687798
TI  - Keynote address: Schizophrenia: the challenge and the prospects of biologic
      research.

PMID- 687799
TI  - Genetic approaches to the study of schizophrenia: the genetic evidence as a tool
      in research.

PMID- 687800
TI  - The possible role of slow virus infection in chronic schizophrenic dementia.

PMID- 687801
TI  - The search for an infectious agent: approaches explored for multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 687802
TI  - [Comparative assessment of circulatory and respiratory maintenance by hemoglobin
      dissolved in plasma and contained in erythrocytes].
AB  - Basic values of blood circulation and respiration were compared in two groups of
      cats. The blood of group I animals was replaced by a 8% solution of human Hb
      completely free of stroma and procoaglulant activity. In group II animals the
      blood was diluted with polyglucine to the Hb level of 8 g%. The solution is well
      saturated in the lungs and releases O2 to tissues, but much less than Hb
      contained in red cells. The dissolved Hb did not completely meet the requirements
      of the organism in oxygen with the resultant hypoxia. Moderate anemic hypoxia
      caused by blood dilution with polyglucine was easily compensated. Hb solution can
      be considered as the basis or the first stage in the production of an oxygen
      carrier blood substitute.

PMID- 687803
TI  - [Interaction between the hypothalamo-hypophyseal system and the thyroid gland
      during different age periods].
AB  - Age peculiarities of interaction of the hypothalamo-hypophysial system and the
      thyroid gland with consideration to direct and feed-back control were studied.
      Significant alterations appear in old age in the hypothalamo-hypophysial system
      and the thyroid gland at the level of direct and feed-back control; there is an
      increase of sensitivity of the thyroid gland tissue to TSH, and of the
      hypothalamus-hypophysis--to the T4 effect. This rise of sensitivity is largely
      determined by the activation of the T4 deiodination processes in the
      adenohypophysis. The reactive capacity of the thyroid gland and of the
      hypothalamo-hypophysial complex to the corresponding influence is decreased.

PMID- 687804
TI  - [Increase in heat production by muscle contraction caused by 2,4-dinitrophenol].
AB  - By means of a highly sensitive thermometric method (1.10--50 C/mm) it was
      possible to demonstrate that the heat production during a single contraction of
      the isolated rat diaphragm increased under the influence of 2,4-dinitrophenol
      (DNP). Low DNP concentrations failed to produce any manifest changes in the
      resting muscle, but its action was distinct during contraction. With the same
      muscle contraction force DNP action was followed by an increase (about 1 1/2
      fold) of heat production. This fact confirmed a supposition on the leading role
      of oxidation and phosphorylation uncoupling in the muscle cell respiratory chain
      in the increase of muscle contraction heat production in the animals after cold
      adaptation.

PMID- 687805
TI  - [Functional interaction between the determinant and other foci of epileptiform
      activity created in the cortex of both cerebral hemispheres].
AB  - It was shown in experiments on cats under nembutal anesthesia that creation of a
      hyperactive focus with a high excitation level in the orbital or coronary cortex
      of one hemisphere and of a number of foci in the neocortex of the contralateral
      hemisphere led to formation of a functional complex working in a unified regimen
      determined by the hyperactive focus activity. The latter plays the role of a
      determinant structure. Suppression of the determinant focus with nembutal was
      followed by a decay of the epileptic complex. Section of the corpus callossum
      (its rostral part) led to derangement in synch ronization of the work between the
      determinant and other epileptic activity foci. The results of investigation
      confirmed the conception on the role of the determinant structure in the nervous
      system activity.

PMID- 687806
TI  - [Induction of postural asymmetry in an intact recipient with an extract from the
      brain of a donor with such a syndrome].
AB  - An attempt was made of a direct transfer to the recipient of postural asymmetry
      originating after the removal of half of the anterior lobe of the cerebellum in
      rats. Postural asymmetry of the hind limbs proved to develop in spinal rats after
      subdural injection of brain extracts of the pathological donors below the spinal
      section level. Specificity of this asymmetry depending on the side of the
      cerebellar lesion was shown. The type of the recipient's asymmetry repeated the
      donor's asymmetry exactly. The brain extracts of control animals produced no
      asymmetry in the recipients. Additional evidence of the peptide nature of the
      factor stimulating postural asymmetry development was obtained: pronase
      inactivated the active brain extract.

PMID- 687807
TI  - [Noradrenaline and adrenaline concentration in the myocardium of persons who have
      died suddenly or from injuries].
AB  - To investigate mechanisms of sudden death the authors determined the content of
      noradrenaline and adrenaline in the myocardium of different heart sections in
      deceased persons by the fluorimetric method; similar studies of the myocardium of
      persons who died of trauma were conducted. Heterotopia in the noradrenaline
      content between the cardiac chambers proved to be considerably more pronounced in
      sudden death than in fatal trauma. The differences in the adrenaline and
      noradrenaline content in the heart chambers of persons who died of trauma and
      suddenly indicated the death mechanisms to be different in these cases.

PMID- 687808
TI  - [Erythropoietin and erythropoiesis inhibitor in neonatal hypoxia and normal
      conditions].
AB  - In 22 healthy newborns and in 31 newborns with transposition of the major
      arterial vessels (TMAV) erythropoietin and erythropoiesis inhibitor was studied
      on a model of polycythemic mice. Erythropoietin was not detected, whereas
      erythropoiesis inhibitor was revealed in the plasma and urine of 5--7-day-old
      healthy newborns. The newborns with TMAV displayed a rise of erythropoietin level
      up to the 14th day and its reduction during the period of from 14th to the 56th
      days. Erythropoiesis inhibitor was also found in the urine concentrates of the
      newborn with TMAV during the period of 3--4 weeks. The role of erythropoiesis
      inhibitor as a physiological regulator appearing in the blood of healthy and
      hypoxic newborns to normalize the erythropoiesis in the course of the initial
      weeks after birth is discussed.

PMID- 687809
TI  - [Functional state of the liver following massive transfusion of packed red
      cells].
AB  - Hepatic function was studied in experiments on 16 dogs after massive transfusion
      of red cell pack to ascertain the blood components influencing this function
      most. Massive transfusion of red cell pack failed to induce any significant
      changes in the excretory-absorbing protein forming function, and also in the
      content of transaminases. Hepatic function was markedly disturbed in a control
      group given massive transfusions of whole homologous blood. Results of
      investigations support the suggestion that one of the causes of hepatic function
      disturbances in "the syndrome of massive blood transfusion" was donor's and
      recipient's plasma protein incompatibility.

PMID- 687810
TI  - [Effect of in vivo thyroid hormones and IGL on protein synthesis in the
      mitochondria of thyroidectomized animals].
AB  - The authors studied the effect of triiodothyronine (T3) and IGL on the intensity
      of L-14C-tyrosine incorporation, and on the rate of protein of synthesis in the
      liver mitochondria of thyroidectomized rats, as well as on radioactivity of the
      liver amino acid poll. It was found that the intensity of L-14C-tyrosins
      incorporation into the protein of the liver mitochondria in thyroidectomized
      animals and the rate of protein synthesis in them was half that in sham-operated
      animals. T3 or IGL administration to thyroidectomized rats normalized protein
      synthesis in the liver mitochondria. According to all the biochemical indices
      studied the IGL effect was analogous to that of triiodothyronine. The absence of
      thyroid hormones in the organism of thyroidectomized animals, or T3 or IGL
      administration had no effect on the radioactivity of the free tyrosine pool in
      the liver tissue.

PMID- 687811
TI  - [Biosynthesis of reserpine-like substances in myocardium and other human and
      animal tissues].
AB  - Biosynthesis of reserpine-like substances with participation of such radioactive
      precursors as formiate, methyl groups of S-adenosylmethionine, tryptophane,
      reserpine, etc. occurred in the homogenates, microsomes, and cytozol of different
      human and animal tissues. As suggested, endogenous reserpine-like substances
      participated in the autoregulation of free and bound biogenic amines level.

PMID- 687812
TI  - [Small intestine mucosal acid phosphatase following exposure to various doses of
      gamma-radiation].

PMID- 687813
TI  - [Effect of hypothermia on metabolism in the liver during its preservation].
AB  - Twenty experiments were conducted on dogs. The effect of hypothermia of different
      degree (from 18 to 20 degrees C and from 4 to 6 degrees C) on the carbohydrate
      metabolism and the extent of solubilization of hepatic enzymes (lactate
      dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, urokaninase, DNA-ase, glucose-6
      phosphatase) in prefusion-free preservation of the liver was studied. The
      preservation efficacy was assessed during the subsequent two-hour normothermic
      perfusion. A marked solubilization of the enzymes under study followed
      preservation of the liver at 18--20 degrees C; this indicated the loss of
      intactness of the cell membranes during the preservation. A moderate expenditure
      of the glycogen stores in the liver, and of sugar in the perfusate followed
      preservation of the liver at a temperature of 4--6 degrees C; this suggested an
      even suppression of hepatic metabolism and the prevalence of normal tissue
      respiration over glycolysis in the restoration of circulation in the liver.

PMID- 687814
TI  - [Concentration of acid proteins in the nuclei of rat hypothalamic neuron and
      glial cell nuclei during cold adaptation].
AB  - By means of two-wave length cytospectrophotometry the acid protein content per
      cell was determined in the nuclei of the neurons and their glial satellite cells
      of the medial peroptic area and the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus of
      rats kept at 2--4 degrees C for 1, 3, 7, or 15 days (adaptation to cold). This
      colling resulted in an initial decrease in the nuclear acid protein content in
      the whole neuron-neuroglia system of the medail preoptic area with a gradual
      restoration to the normal by the 15th day of constant cooling. In the glial cells
      of this area the acid protein content increased temporarily above the control
      level before the restoration to the normal. A gradual accumulation of acid
      proteins and its following restoration to the control level was revealed in the
      neuron-neuroglia system of the supraoptic nucleus. By the 15th day of the
      adaptation to cold the content of neuronal and glial acid proteins of this
      nucleus became somewhat lower than in the control.

PMID- 687815
TI  - [Effect of an extract from human tonsil lymphocytes on the macrophage migration
      inhibition reaction in guinea pigs upon contact with different antigens].

PMID- 687817
TI  - [Phagocytic capacity of hematopoietic tissue stromal precursor cells].
AB  - A method of removal of phagocytising elements from the cell suspension by means
      of iron powder in magnetic field was used. Clonogenic fibroblast precursors of
      the hemopoietic tissue not belonging to histiocytes-macrophages, but referred to
      mechanocytes, were characterised by high phagocytic activity. Following Fe
      treatment less than 1% of clonogenic fibroblast precursors which gave rise to
      fibroblast colonies under conditions of monolayer cultures remained in the bone
      marrow cell suspension, and about 10%--in the spleen and the peritoneal exudate
      cell suspension.

PMID- 687816
TI  - [Mechanisms of leukocyte activation during formation of leukocyte pyrogen].
AB  - The inhibotors of protein synthesis--actinomycin D and cycloheximide--inhibit
      endogenous pyrogen production by blood granulocytes in response to stimulation by
      the bacterial lipopolysaccharide and specific antigranulocytic serum and have no
      effect on the pyrogen release by exudate leukocytes. These results indicate that
      the mentioned inhibitors suppress the activation phase, but not the pyrogen
      labilization process.

PMID- 687818
TI  - [Changes in rat liver lysosomes following stimulation of recovery processes in
      the damaged organ by triton WR-1339].
AB  - The effect of a single injection of lysosomotropic agent--Triton WR-1339 on the
      properties of the rat liver lysosomes and the course of pathological process
      during chronic toxic hepatitis were studied. Triton WR-1339 administration was
      followed by a more rapid restoration of the liver structure and function. A
      possible mechanism of the favourable effect of Triton WR-1339 is discussed.

PMID- 687820
TI  - [Long-term transplantation of mature sensory neurons].
AB  - The spinal ganglia were transplanted into the mesocolon of adult cats for periods
      of from 1 day to 9 months. About 30% of differentiated sensory neurons survived
      during the longterm transplantation. The intensive regeneration of the sensory
      neurons processes was characteristic of the transplanted neurons. Total
      myelinization of the regenerating nerves occurred during the 3rd--5th month.
      Potential regeneration capacity of the differentiated neurons and possibly of
      their prolonged transplantation were revealed.

PMID- 687819
TI  - [Multicomponent system of estrogen-binding proteins of liver cytosol: species
      differences in rats, mice and guinea pigs].
AB  - Estradiol (E2) binding proteins from the liver cytoso-of mature male and female
      rats, mice, guinea pigs, and rabbits were investigated by gel filtration on
      Sepharose 6B columns. Components with Stokes radii (a) 6--7 and 2.5 nm which form
      specific stable complexes with E2 were found in female rats and female and male
      mice. The liver of male rats and male and female guinea pigs contain specific E2
      binding proteins with a-about 6--7, 2.5 and less than 2.0 nm. E2 complexes with
      components having a values 6--7 and less than 2.0 nm relatively stable, whereas
      E2 complex with a component possessing a value about 2.5 nm is capable of
      dissociating completely within 45 minutes. It is suggested that at least some of
      the components of the discovered heterogenic populations of E2-binding proteins
      could participate in the estrogen signal reception by the liver.

PMID- 687821
TI  - [Differentiation of a transformed culture of L cells].
AB  - The cells of line L originated from the connective and adipose tissue of mice C3H
      were cultivated in nutrient medium with a 60% bovine serum. Some cells
      differentiated into adipose cells with formation of structures similar to normal
      adipose tissue. The occurring differentiation was evaluated by the formation of
      characteristic signetring cells whose cytoplasm was filled with neutral fat with
      a positive reaction for lipids in staining with a mixture of sudan III and sudan
      IV. The conclusion was drawn that prolonged existence of cells outside the
      organism (in vitro cultivation) and intracellular changes (accompanying the
      transformation), including those of mutation character, did not deprive the cells
      of their ability to differentiate.

PMID- 687822
TI  - [Activity and distribution of biogenic amines in thymus and spleen structures
      following administration of iso- and heterologous erythrocytes].
AB  - It was found that injection of heterological erythrocytes caused as soon as in 15
      minutes displacement of noradrenaline from the efferent nerve endings and an
      essential re-building of metabolism of the central follicular cells and monoamine
      containing cells of the spleen marginal sinus, cortical fluorescent cells and
      mast cells of the thymus. Inversion of the medullary substance was revealed in
      the thymus.

PMID- 687823
TI  - [Effect of chronic pyrogenal stress on the mitotic regime and quantity of DNA
      synthesizing cells in the epithelium of the cornea and tongue of white rats].
AB  - The effect of prolonged stress on mitotic regimen and the number of DNA
      synthesizing cells in the corneal and tongue epithelium was studied on a model of
      pyrogenal stress. A five-day pyrogenal administration led to a 1.7-fold reduction
      of te number of mitoses in the corneal and tongue epithelium. Reduction in number
      of dividing cells was not associated with the change in the rate of mitosis. The
      percentage of pathological mitoses in the corneal epithelium of intact rats was
      6.1, and it failed to change in stress. In control rats the labeled nuclei index
      in the corneal and tongue epithelium constituted 12.6 and 10.8. It was similar
      with the corresponding indices in experimental animals (12.2 and 12.2).

PMID- 687824
TI  - Human platelet sialic acid content and tritium incorporation after ADP-induced
      shape change and aggregation.

PMID- 687825
TI  - Fibrin formation: effect of calcium ions.
AB  - Using laser fluctuation spectroscopy, a technique that measures particle size
      change in solution, the kinetics of fibrin clot formation from fibrinogen can be
      studied. With this technique the effect of calcium on the three distinguishable
      phases of clot formation, (1) proteolysis of fibrinogen, (2) fibrinogen-fibrin
      monomer complex formation, and (3) fibrin monomer polymerization, were
      investigated. Only a small change in the length of the induction period that
      results from the fibrinogen-fibrin monomer interactions was observed. However,
      there was a marked increase in the rate of fibrin monomer polymerization in the
      presence of calcium ions. These data show that calcium decreases the time
      required for fibrin formation from fibrinogen by markedly accelerating the phase
      of fibrin monomer polymerization.

PMID- 687826
TI  - Erythropoiesis in vitro: effect of normal versus "transfusion-sensitized"
      mononuclear cells.

PMID- 687827
TI  - Leukocyte-platelet interactions in a murine model of Chediak-Higashi syndrome.
AB  - Chediak-Higashi (CH) syndrome, a genetic disease affecting man and other animals,
      is partially characterized by defective platelets that lack serotonin and dense
      bodies and by impaired leukocyte function where chemotaxis, degranulation, and
      bacterial killing are decreased. The effects of normal platelets containing
      serotonin and of reagent serotonin on the subnormal microbicidal activity of CH
      leukocytes were evaluated. The peripheral blood leukocytes of the beige mouse, an
      animal model with CH syndrome, were used with Staphylococcus aureus as the
      bacterial challenge. Addition of as few as two normal platelets/leukocyte
      resulted in normal levels of microbicidal activity of CH leukocytes. A similar
      normalization of leukocyte function was seen when 1-100-micrometer serotonin was
      added to the incubation mixture. Based on this work and work of others, a
      plausible explanation for these observations is that normal platelets interact
      with CH leukocytes, releasing serotonin, which results in reversal of the CH
      leukocyte defect in bacterial killing.

PMID- 687828
TI  - Absence of beta mRNA in beta0-thalassemia in Kurdish Jews.
AB  - We report the characterization of the amount of beta mRNA in a Kurdish Jewish
      population with beta0-thalassemia using the same methods employed for
      characterization of the Catania and Ferrara beta0 patients. We found very low
      amounts of beta mRNA sequences, consistent with the presence of beta0-thalassemia
      of the beta mRNA-negative population type. In addition, no globin gene deletion
      was detected that could account for the absence of beta mRNA.

PMID- 687829
TI  - Fragmentation and myelin formation in hereditary xerocytosis and other hemolytic
      anemias.
AB  - Erythrocytes from a heterogeneous group of hemolytic anemias have been found to
      release acetylcholinesterase-enriched fragments and show myelin forms during ATP
      depletion in vitro. The highest amount of fragmentation was found in hereditary
      spherocytosis and xerocytosis, two inherited membrane defects. Our data suggest
      ATP depletion plays a role in producing fragmentation or myelin forms. The
      addition of external CaCl2 1 mM had no effect on the degree of fragmentation.
      However, propranolol hydrochloride, a cationic anesthetic that does not prevent
      ATP depletion, inhibited fragmentation and the appearance of myelin forms in both
      hereditary spherocytes and xerocytes. A more detailed study of the xerocyte
      fragments showed that they had the same protein composition as those from normal
      red cells, primarily integral membrane proteins and glycoproteins. The red cells
      from patients with PNH and G6PD deficiency had the shortest survival in vivo
      (51Cr) and produced the smallest amount of fragmentation and myelin forms in
      vitro, whereas xerocytosis with only mild to moderate hemolysis in vivo was
      associated with the highest amount of myelin forms and membrane fragments in
      vitro.

PMID- 687830
TI  - Pretreatment of filtration leukapheresis donors with colchicine.

PMID- 687831
TI  - Plasma cell leukemia (PCL): A report on 15 patients.
AB  - Fifteen patients presenting with plasma cell leukemia (PCL) are reported in
      detail. The clinicopathologic features of PCL differ from typical myeloma and
      resemble those of acute leukemia: patients with PCL have less bone disease but a
      much higher incidence of organomegaly and tissue infiltration as well as diffuse
      marrow involvement and more pronounced pancytopenia. One of the reported patients
      developed meningeal plasma cell leukemia and is reported in detail.
      Cytomorphologic assessment of PCL cells showed nuclear immaturity and obvious
      nuclear/cytoplasmic asynchrony. Despite the use of cytotoxic agents known to be
      effective in myeloma, the prognosis in PCL is poor, and the median survival of
      the reported patients was only 2 mo.

PMID- 687832
TI  - HLA-matched platelet transfusion therapy of severe aplastic anemia.

PMID- 687833
TI  - Mechanisms underlying overshoot dilation after sympathetic denervation.
AB  - (1) 30--60 sec after transection of the sympathetic chain, the diameter of both
      femoral artery and vein dilates to approximately 120% of the control diameter
      ('overshoot dilation'). Vessel diameter subsequently decreases and stabilizes
      with 5--10 min at a value of 108% of the original ('stabilized dilation'). (2)
      After treatment with norepinephrine-uptake-blocking drugs (cocaine, imipramine),
      the transient overshoot dilation is abolished and the diameter 1 min after
      denervation is identical to that at stabilized dilation. (3) It is proposed that
      (a) the stabilized rather than the transient overshoot dilation represents the
      loss of sympathetic control following following denervation and (b) the overshoot
      dilation reflects a transient decrease in transmitter concentration within the
      vessel wall, associated with a temporarily undiminished rate of neural reuptake
      activity persisting even in the absence of transmitter release.

PMID- 687834
TI  - Angiotensin analogs: effect of prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor.
AB  - Structurally different inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis reversed the
      antagonistic activity of the angiotensin II analog 1-sarcosine, 8-threonine
      angiotensin II. In isolated rabbit aorta, indomethacin or ETYA (eicosa 5, 8, 11,
      14, tetraynoic) reversed the antagonism of the angiotensin II analog without
      affecting the dose response curves to angiotensin II. Both indomethacin and ETYA
      were able to reverse the tachyphylaxis to angiotensin II. Investigating the
      possibility that indomethacin could affect the binding of angiotensin II, it was
      found that at doses of indomethacin higher than 10(-5)M, binding of tritiated
      angiotensin to isolated adrenal cortical cells was reduced. It is postulated that
      indomethacin may have more than one effect on angiontensin, possessing a
      concentration-dependent effect on binding and prostaglandin synthesis.

PMID- 687835
TI  - Venous changes in renal hypertensive rats: the role of humoral factors.

PMID- 687836
TI  - In vivo study of microvascular wall characteristics and resting control in young
      and mature spontaneously hypertensive rats.
AB  - This study was designed to determine if vessel wall hypertrophy and increased
      expression of sympathetic activity occur in the microcirculation during the
      development of hypertension. The cremaster muscle microvasculature of normal
      Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats was observed at age
      5--7 weeks and 16--18 weeks. For age-matched WKY and SHR rats, the diameters,
      wall thicknesses and vessel wall cross-sectional areas for the majority of
      comparable types of arterioles were not significantly (p greater than 0.05)
      different. After denervation of the cremasteric muscle, the large and
      intermediate diameter arterioles of young WKY rats dilated significantly (p less
      than 0.05) more than did comparable vessels of SHR rats. In contrast, the
      dilation of comparable types of arterioles in mature WKY and SHR rats following
      denervation was not significantly (p greater than 0.05) different. The results do
      not support either abnormal vessel wall hypertrophy, vasoconstriction or
      increased expression of sympathetic activity in SHR rats compared to WKY rats up
      to age 16--18 weeks.

PMID- 687837
TI  - Vasodilator agents: mode of action.

PMID- 687838
TI  - Ferritin in bone marrow and serum in iron deficiency and iron overload.
AB  - Nonheme iron and ferritin in the bone marrow and serum ferritin was investigated
      in patients with iron deficiency anaemia or iron overload. As controls served
      patients without any disturbance of the iron metabolism. There is a precise
      correlation between the nonheme iron and ferritin in the bone marrow of patients
      with and without disturbance of iron metabolism. A correlation was also found
      between the ferritin in the bone marrow and the serum. Nonheme iron and ferritin
      in the bone marrow and serum ferritin was decreased in patients with iron
      deficiency anaemia. Conversely, the same parameters were increased in patients
      with iron overload.

PMID- 687839
TI  - [Iron determination by carbon rod atomizer (author's transl)].
AB  - A method is described for direct analysis of iron in proteins. The organic and
      inorganic matrices can be removed during the ashing step. The results obtained
      with simple aqueous standards were confirmed for all determinations by the
      standard addition method. The interpretation of the results by means of
      regression analysis showed, in dependence on the biological material
      (Haemoglobin, suspension of Microsomes, Cytochrome P 450), relative standard
      deviations between 4 and 20%.

PMID- 687840
TI  - Studies on Miltenberger class III, V, Mv and Mk red cells. I. Sodium
      dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic investigations.
AB  - The glycoproteins in erythrocyte membrane from individuals exhibiting the rare
      alleles at the MNSs blood group locus Miltenberger (Mi-) III, V, Mv and Mk were
      studied by sodium-dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic techniques.
      The results suggest that the genes Mi-III and -V give rise to the formation of Ss
      sialoglycoproteins whose electrophoretic mobilities are altered. The Mi-V
      alteration is additionally associated with a decreased MN glycoprotein content.
      The allele Mv leads to a decreased Ss glycoprotein content. Data on ordinary Mk
      and Mk/Mi-III red cells suggest that the gene complex Mk does not give rise to
      the synthesis of Ss glycoprotein.

PMID- 687842
TI  - [Morphometric and cytological studies of giant cell carcinoma cells in the
      pleural fluid (author's transl)].

PMID- 687841
TI  - [Bronchial asthma due to insects--the importance of evaluation of allergens,
      especially moth and butterfly (author's transl)].

PMID- 687843
TI  - [Three cases of esophageal leiomyoma (author's transl)].

PMID- 687844
TI  - [Immunological studies on lymphocytes in respiratory diseases. I. Studies on the
      subpopulation of human peripheral blood lymphocytes in respiratory diseases
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 687845
TI  - [Airways dynamics during forced vital capacity maneuver with special reference to
      the study on dynamic bronchography and transmural pressure (author's transl)].

PMID- 687846
TI  - Observations on the fiber pattern of the extensor mechanism of the finger at the
      level of the proximal interphalangeal joint.

PMID- 687848
TI  - The surgical treatment of soft tissue sarcomas: a 1978 dilemma.

PMID- 687847
TI  - Cryosurgery in the treatment of giant cell tumors of bone. A report of 52
      consecutive cases.

PMID- 687849
TI  - Perthes disease conplicated by so called osteochondritis dissecans.
AB  - A patient was followed for about 11 years from the onset of Perthes Disease (age
      12). The radiographs during the period demonstrated the actual development of a
      free ossicle which was formed by resorption of a portion of the original femoral
      head, resulting in a wafer and subsequent enlargement by new bone formation.
      Changes of a similar nature have been described in idiopathic necrosis of the
      femoral heads in adults.

PMID- 687850
TI  - The adductor interosseus muscle: anatomy and function.

PMID- 687851
TI  - The response of the lower extremity to impact forces. I. design of an economical
      low frequency recording system for physiologic waveforms.
AB  - An economical systems for the recording of low frequency physiologic waveforms on
      magnetic tape has been designed. This recording system has accurately reproduced
      human limb impact response data in the range of DC-350 Hertz.

PMID- 687852
TI  - Retrospective study of cervical spondylosis treated by anterior interbody fusion
      (in 505 patients performed by the Cloward technique).

PMID- 687853
TI  - Compression plate fixation of subtrochanteric osteotomies in children.
AB  - Compression plates provide a reliable method for stabilizing subtrochanteric
      osteotomies (and fractures when indicated) in children. Apart from a standard
      compression set, no special appliances are required. The hazards and
      inconveniences of nail plates and external fixation devices are avoided.

PMID- 687854
TI  - Painless osteoid-osteoma in phalanx of finger. A case of unusual presentation and
      symptomatology.
AB  - 1. Painless osteoid-osteoma is a very rare entity but must be considered. 2.
      Finger localization for this tumor has been reported in very few cases.
      Differential diagnosis with other tumors or osteomyelitis should be kept in mind.
      3. Eng block excision in similar cases should be seriously considered. 4. While
      the reason for the absence of pain in some cases has not been precisely
      determined, the lack of nerve fibers in this case suggests that this may be an
      important factor.

PMID- 687855
TI  - Stress fracture after high tibial osteotomy: a case report.
AB  - In summary, a case report is presented of the rare complication of a stress
      fracture of the tibia following a high tibial osteotomy. The stress fracture is
      thought to result from: (1) Local osteoporosis (2) Abnormal stress secondary to
      the malunion of the tibial osteotomy (3) Fibula non union resulting in impairment
      of the tibia to withstand cyclic loading with weight bearing.

PMID- 687856
TI  - [Cytophysiologic sequence of insulin secretion].

PMID- 687857
TI  - [Current conditions and principles of treatment of chronic and recurrent
      pancreatitis].

PMID- 687858
TI  - [Urea nephropathy. A new model in dogs. Morphological, immunological and
      physiopathological study].

PMID- 687859
TI  - Behcet's syndrome.

PMID- 687860
TI  - Dermatology: psoriasis.

PMID- 687861
TI  - Dermatology: disorders of cutaneous pigmentation.

PMID- 687862
TI  - Dermatology: what's new in dermatology.

PMID- 687863
TI  - Outpatient problems: prostatic pain.

PMID- 687864
TI  - Your accounts pay and the consultants' contract--conned again!

PMID- 687865
TI  - American letter: hunting season in American.

PMID- 687866
TI  - Medicine and the media: Quest.

PMID- 687867
TI  - A political view: making the worst of a good job.

PMID- 687869
TI  - Hyperventilation syndrome.

PMID- 687868
TI  - Overdose.

PMID- 687870
TI  - Electrocardiography: acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 687871
TI  - Potentiation of vasoconstrictor responses by 3- and 4-aminopyridine.
AB  - 1. In concentrations that are known to reduce potassium conductance in many
      excitable membranes, 3 and 4-aminopyridine (3-AP, 4-AP) potentiate
      vasoconstrictor responses of the isolated ear artery of the rabbit to
      noradrenaline and histamine. 2. 3- and 4-AP have no effect on the responses of
      potassium-depolarized arteries to noradrenaline, histamine or calcium. 3. The
      results suggest that the aminopyridines have no direct effect on the contractile
      machinery or on pharmacomechanical coupling, but cause potentiation by
      influencing electrical events at the cell membrane. 4. 4-AP causes a greater
      potentiation of the response te electrical stimulation than of the response to
      noradrenaline. This suggests that the aminopyridines may also cause an increase
      in the amount of noradrenaline released in response to sympathetic nerve
      stimulation.

PMID- 687872
TI  - Relationship between atrial and ventricular rates of fibrillation and cardiac
      contractile tissue effective refractory periods in the dog.
AB  - 1 During total cardiopulmonary bypass, acetylcholine-, isoprenaline-, ouabain-
      and quinidine-induced variations in the atrial and ventricular rates of
      fibrillation were studied and compared with the variations in effective
      refractory periods (ERP) of atrial and ventricular contractile tissue obtained
      under the same experimental conditions. 2 Acetylcholine significantly shortened
      the ERP and accelerated the rate of fibrillation in the atrium but did not
      provoke any change in ventricular tissue. A parallel decrease in atrial and
      ventricular ERP and a parallel increase in atrial and ventricular rates of
      fibrillation were observed with isoprenaline. 3 Ouabain exerted a biphasic effect
      on the atrium, with an initial decrease in the ERP and an initial acceleration of
      the rate of fibrillation. It produced only a slight decrease in the ventricular
      ERP and no significant variation in the ventricular rate of fibrillation. 4
      Quinidine induced a greater increase in the ERP and a greater slowing of the rate
      of fibrillation in the atrium than in the ventricle. 5 The variations in
      percentage change of refractoriness and rate of fibrillation were strictly
      correlated: r = 0.89 (P less than 0.001); the equation of the regression line was
      y = --0.86 x --2.98.

PMID- 687873
TI  - Comparison of the electrocortical changes induced by (+)-amphetamine and
      chlorpromazine when perfused directly into the dorsal raphe nucleus of the cat.
AB  - 1 (+)-Amphetamine mimicked the intermittent and sustained electrocortical
      desynchronization produced by (-)-noradrenaline (NA) when perfused directly into
      the dorsal raphe nucleus of cat encephale isole preparations. 2 The effects of
      amphetamine or NA were abolished or significantly attenuated by prior application
      of (-)-propranolol. 3 The effect of amphetamine, but not that of NA, was blocked
      by prior applications of guanethidine or chlorpromazine (CPZ). 4
      Desmethylimipramine (DMI) produced dose-related changes in electrocortical
      activity which were similar to those induced by NA when applied to the same sites
      within the dorsal raphe nucleus. 5 DMI potentiated the effects of both
      amphetamine and NA, but guanethidine only abolished the DMI-induced potentiation
      of the amphetamine response. 6 (-)-Propranolol, guanethidine and CPA produced a
      short period of electrocortical desynchronization at the beginning of the
      perfusion period before antagonism of the amphetamine response was apparent. 7
      The results suggest that CPZ and amphetamine have an action within the dorsal
      raphe nucleus possibly related to noradrenergic terminals.

PMID- 687874
TI  - A comparison of nicotine and structurally related compounds as discriminative
      stimuli.
AB  - 1 Of seven nicotine-like compounds tested as discriminative stimuli in the rat,
      only 3-pyridyl-methylpyrollidine (3-PMP) generalized to the stimulus effects of
      nicotine. 2 3-PMP caused equivalent nicotine-like responding at a dose (800
      microgram/kg) approximately 4 times that used for the original nicotine
      discrimination (200 microgram/kg). The ED50 for 3-PMP was about 5 times that for
      nicotine. 3 Testing of the compounds as possible antagonists of the nicotine
      elicited cue were negative. 4 The nicotine-like cue produced by an 800
      microgram/kg injection of 3-PMP was effectively blocked by mecamylamine but not
      by hexamethonium or atropine. Thus, 3-PMP appears to produce generalization to
      the nicotine cue via action on central nicotinic-cholinoceptors as has been
      previously reported for the nicotine discriminative stimulus. 5 Mecamylamine
      blocked the stimulus-effects of 3-PMP (800 microgram/kg) and of nicotine (200
      microgram/kg) with an ED50 of 0.32 and 0.20 microgram/kg respectively.

PMID- 687875
TI  - Prostaglandin production by macrophages and the effect of anti-inflammatory
      drugs.
AB  - 1 Macrophages derived from peritoneal cavity inflammatory exudates of guinea-pigs
      produced substantial amounts of prostaglandin E2-like activity during in vitro
      culture, so providing the basis for an experimental model of prostaglandin
      production during inflammatory reactions. 2 Dose-related inhibition of
      prostaglandin biosynthesis was demonstrated by 16 acidic non-steroidal anti
      inflammatory drugs. 3 Seven anti-inflammatory glucocorticosteroid preparations
      inhibited prostaglandin production in a dose-related manner. The relative
      potencies of dexamethasone, prednisolone and hydrocortisone were consistent with
      clinical anti-inflammatory ranking. Cortisone, however, failed to inhibit
      macrophage prostaglandin production. 4 Three other agents used in the treatment
      of inflammatory joint diseases were examined. Sodium aurothiomalate inhibited
      prostaglandin production, although higher concentrations were toxic to
      macrophages. D-Penicillamine did not affect macrophage prostaglandin production.
      Colchicine, in contrast, enhanced prostaglandin production at some
      concentrations. 5 The probable significance of macrophages as a source of
      prostaglandins, during inflammatory responses, is discussed.

PMID- 687876
TI  - Comparison of the responses of single cortical neurones to tyramine and
      noradrenaline: effects of desipramine.
AB  - 1 The technique of microelectrophoresis was used in order to compare the actions
      of tyramine and noradrenaline on single neurones in the cerebral cortex of the
      rat.2 Tyramine could both excite and depress cortical neurones. Each tyramine
      sensitive cell was also sensitive to noradrenaline. There was a high correlation
      between the directions of responses to tyramine and noradrenaline, most cells
      excited by tyramine being excited by noradrenaline, and most cells depressed by
      tyramine being depressed by noradrenaline.3 In the case of both excitatory and
      depressant responses, tyramine appeared to be less potent than noradrenaline.4
      Tyramine evoked ;slower' responses than noradrenaline, both the latencies to
      onset and the recovery times being longer for responses to tyramine than for
      responses to noradrenaline.5 When the rates of release of tyramine and
      noradrenaline from micropipettes were measured in vitro, no significant
      difference could be observed between the transport numbers of the two drugs. Thus
      the difference in potency between the two drugs, and the difference in the time
      courses of responses to the two drugs, are presumably of biological origin.6
      Desipramine could discriminate between neuronal responses to tyramine and
      noradrenaline: responses to tyramine were antagonized, while responses to
      noradrenaline were either potentiated or unaffected. Responses to DL-homocysteic
      acid were not affected by desipramine.7 The results are consistent with the
      hypothesis that tyramine is an indirectly acting sympathomimetic amine in the
      brain, and desipramine acts by blocking the uptake of both tyramine and
      noradrenaline into presynaptic noradrenergic nerve terminals.

PMID- 687877
TI  - The mechanism of the relaxant effect of 2-2'-pyridylisatogen on the isolated
      taenia of the guinea-pig caecum.
AB  - 1 2-2'-Pyridylisatogen tosylate (PIT) slowly relaxed taenia caeci preparationg of
      the guinea-pig in a concentration-dependent manner (threshold 2.5 muM). The
      relaxant effect did not show tachyphylaxis.2 The relaxation was not affected by
      tetrodotoxin (0.3 muM), guanethidine (17 muM) nor by a combination of
      phentolamine (36 muM) and propranolol (4 muM)3 In taenia caeci preparations
      suspended in K(+)-depolarizing, Ca(2+)-free Ringer, addition of Ca(2+) (0.1 to 30
      mM) resulted in a slow contraction. PIT (50 muM) and papaverine (15 muM)
      antagonized these contractions, whereas indomethacin (28 muM) was ineffective.4
      Although PIT (50 muM for 30 min) caused a relaxation of the taenia, and, when the
      tone of the preparations was restored with carbachol, antagonized adenosine 5'
      triphosphate (ATP)-induced relaxations, relaxation of the taenia with papaverine
      (30 muM for 5 min) did not antagonize ATP-induced relaxations. It is concluded
      that the relaxant and ATP-receptor blocking actions of PIT are independent
      properties of the compound.

PMID- 687879
TI  - A test of the schizophrenic's ability to process information in one or two
      sensory modes.
AB  - Twenty-three schizophrenics, ten psychiatric controls, and 17 normal controls
      were used to test the hypothesis that schizophrenics suffer a deficit in their
      ability to integrate information from different sensory modes. The task involved
      identifying auditory, visual, or mixed (auditory and visual) patterns which had
      previously been equated in difficulty for normal subjects. Mean error scores were
      greatest for schizophrenics and least for normals with psychiatric controls in
      between. Moreover, the schizophrenics did equally well whether the task was
      visual, auditory, or mixed. Thus, schizophrenics showed no deficit specific to
      the synthesis of information from two different sensory modes.

PMID- 687878
TI  - A comparison of the antifertility effects of alkylating agents and vinca
      alkaloids in male rats.
AB  - 1 The anti-fertility effects of cyclophosphamide, nitrogen mustard, vincristine
      and vinblastine were studied and compared in male rats. 2 The effects of the
      drugs on body weight and haematological values were used to monitor the
      pharmacological actions of the drugs. 3 All four drugs impaired fertility, the
      severity of the impairment depending on dose and duration of treatment. 4
      Testicular size and histological appearances remained mostly normal, even in
      infertile animals, but seminiferous tubules were fewer in number and maturation
      arrest at the spermatid level was evident in some sections. 5 Recovery of drug
      induced infertility occurred in 64% of treated animals, 9 to 40 weeks after
      cessation of treatment. 6 Morbidity and mortality were much higher with
      alkylating agents than with vinca alkaloids for approximately similar degrees of
      impairment in fertility.

PMID- 687880
TI  - Some psychological, educational and criminological variables related to
      recidivism in delinquent boys.
AB  - The HDHQ, 16 PF and PSI were administered to 315 detainees at Medomsley Detention
      Centre, Durham, along with tests of intelligence and attainment, and measures of
      previous criminal history. One hundred and ninety-one boys were subsequently
      reconvicted within two years of their release. They were found to have lower
      scores on reading and arithmetic tests, to show a greater degree of extrapunitive
      hostility and to score more highly on tests of social non-conformity. Recidivists
      had also begun their criminal careers at an earlier age than non-recidivists and
      had committed significantly more previous offences.

PMID- 687881
TI  - Simple behaviour rating scales for maximum security patients: development and
      validation.
AB  - An outline is given of objective behaviour rating scales developed for use by
      nurse custodians in the maximum security hospital setting. Four independent
      scales are described: (a) antisocial belligerence, (b) disorientation, (c)
      withdrawal and (d) personal hygiene. The scales gave high test-retest and inter
      rater reliabilities. Various indications of validity and potential usefulness of
      the scales are given. In particular, a probable relationship of the scales (a)
      and (c) with an impulsivity/overcontrol dimension is suggested-this relating to
      the type of aggressive offending recorded.

PMID- 687882
TI  - Memory and intelligence following spontaneously arrested congenital
      hydrocephalus.
AB  - This study describes two cases of spontaneously arrested congenital hydrocephalus
      whose educational progress appears normal. They were found on examination to have
      a reduced performance IQ, but a normal verbal IQ. They showed a significant
      impairment in immediate free recall, which was specific to the secondary memory
      component. It is concluded that congenital hydrocephalus may produce an organic
      disorder which manifests itself in later life as an impairment of verbal memory.

PMID- 687883
TI  - Anxiety, extraversion and smoking.
AB  - In previous large-scale studies, smoking has been found to be associated either
      with extraversion or anxiety, though not both. Using a large population of adult
      American males, anxiety and extraversion scores were examined in groups of never
      smokers, former light, former heavy, current light and current heavy smokers to
      test the hypotheses that smokers would be both more extraverted and more anxious
      than non-smokers. Two independent measures of both traits were used. Heavy
      current smokers were seen to be significantly higher than non-smokers on both
      measures of neuroticism or anxiety; there were no differences between groups in
      extraversion. The small magnitude of reported relations led to the suggestion
      that future research focus on more meaningful classification of smokers and more
      specific facets of personality.

PMID- 687884
TI  - Visual interaction in schizophrenic patients: the timing of looks.
AB  - Previous research has suggested that schizophrenic patients engage in very little
      Looking and eye-contact, at least in "personal" conversations. As yet, however,
      we know nothing about the precise timing of their Looks, even though this has
      important clinical implications. Data from three studies are presented and no
      evidence of abnormality is found. It is concluded that, taken together, findings
      from visual interaction suggest not that schizophrenic patients behave in a
      socially unskilled way as has sometimes been argued, but simply that they are
      embarassed by "personal" conversations and, like perfectly healthy people who are
      embarrassed, respond by averting the gaze.

PMID- 687885
TI  - An inventory for the measurement of self-reported stress and arousal.

PMID- 687886
TI  - Genes of sickle cell disease.

PMID- 687887
TI  - Iliotibial tract friction syndrome in athletes--an uncommon exertion syndrome on
      the lateral side of the knee.
AB  - An uncommon exertion pain on the lateral side of the knee is described in 88
      patients, in four of whom it was bilateral. The disorder is a result of the
      friction of the iliotibial tract over the lateral femoral epicondyle. The
      syndrome is the iliotibial tract friction syndrome of ITFS. All the patients in
      the material were active athletes or middle-aged joggers in regular training. The
      cases were seen over four years and four months. The mean age of them was
      approximately 25 years, and there were only nine women in the series. Th pain
      appeared usually after running and was localised on the outer femoral condyle,
      and often radiated downwards along the iliotibial tract. Conservative treatment
      and changes in training habits cured most cases. The disorder has not often been
      described in the literature, and seems to appear only in physically very active
      people, such as athletes or military recruits.

PMID- 687888
TI  - Serum insulin and glucose response to graded exercise in adults. Part I: the
      influence of fitness status.
AB  - The effect of acute exercise upon serum immunoreactive insulin levels (IRI) and
      serum glucose concentrations (GC) was studied in groups of middle-aged men of
      contrasting physical fitness status. Two groups of subjects, one active and one
      sedentary (both N = 11, mean age 44 years), performed a graded cycle ergometer
      exercise test in the post-absorptive state. Venous blood samples were taken at
      rest, during low and high work intensities, and after recovery. The response of
      serum IRI to exercise was similar in both groups of subjects with significant
      increases observed during exercise followed by a return to resting values during
      recovery. However, the magnitude of serum IRI response was lower in the active
      group. In contrast, the sedentary group demonstrated little or no change in serum
      GC during exercise, whereas significant increases in serum GC were observed
      during exercise in the active group.

PMID- 687889
TI  - A study of potential Olympic swimmers. Part 2. Changes due to three months
      intensive training.
AB  - Anthropometric and physiological measurements were recorded for a group of
      exceptional young swimmers undergoing an intensive training programme over 3
      months. The observed changes are presented and are discussed in relation to the
      training undertaken, and are compared with expected changes due to normal growth.
      Some of the physiological parameters measured showed marked changes: average
      physical work capacity decreased significantly, while the physical fitness index
      improved. Many of the anthropometric changes were small, but a significant
      increase in lean body mass occurred in both boys and girls, and in both groups
      the average weight gain was greater than that expected. In individuals subjected
      to rigorous training significant changes in anthropometric and physiological
      parameters over and above the expected changes due to normal growth and
      development occur relatively quickly within a period of 3 months.

PMID- 687890
TI  - A comparison of physical efficiency between Indian physical education and medical
      students.
AB  - The recovery pulse and respiration were analysed to determine the level of
      physical fitness among the physical education and medical students of Banaras
      Hindu University. The analysis of the data suggested that physical fitness as
      measured by recovery rate was better in physical education students than in
      medical students. Following questionnaire method, it has been noted that the
      daily activity of physical education students was more than the medical students
      and probably the reason for higher efficiency in them.

PMID- 687891
TI  - Standards on age, height and weight in Olympic running events for men.
AB  - The Olympic champions, finalists and participants are well differentiated on age,
      height and weight (adjusted for height) in each of the eight running events.
      Height for height, the champions in sprinting events are heavier than other
      participants but the trend is reversed in long distance events. Physiological
      reasons for these differences are discussed.

PMID- 687893
TI  - Health visitors of the future.

PMID- 687892
TI  - Lead and motor neurone disease.

PMID- 687894
TI  - Treatment with bile acids.

PMID- 687895
TI  - Intraoperative management of phaeochromocytoma with sodium nitroprusside.
AB  - Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) is a powerful, peripherally acting hypotensive agent
      with a rapid onset but short duration of action. It is highly effective for
      hypertensive episodes in patients with a phaeochromocytoma and may be used safely
      with adrenoceptor-blocking agents. Two cases are described that illustrate its
      effectiveness in this condition, even in the presence of exceptionally high
      circulating concentrations of catecholamines. A simple and reliable regimen for
      preparing these patients for surgery may be based on oral adrenoceptor-blocking
      medication (phenoxybenzamine and propranolol) to provide "background" hypotensive
      and antiarrhythmic cover. SNP by infusion is then used as the principal
      intraoperative hypotensive agent, dysrhytmias being controlled with additional
      intravenous propranolol if required.

PMID- 687896
TI  - Prevalence of multiple sclerosis in north-east Scotland.
AB  - An epidemiological study of multiple sclerosis (MS) in north-east Scotland was
      carried out based on data correct on 1 December 1970. The prevalence of MS was
      127 cases/100 000 population, which is greater than in any other surveyed area
      with a comparable population. The disease was not spread homogeneously within the
      region, and in one district one in 400 people was affected. The geographical
      distributions of MS and the presence of HLA antigens A3 and B7,which are
      associated with the disease, are remarkably similar, and the prevalence of B7 in
      north-east Scotland is higher than elsewhere. This may partly explain the high
      prevalence of MS in this area, but the essential additional environmental factor
      remains to be established.

PMID- 687897
TI  - Complications of ascending phlebography of the leg.
AB  - Forty patients were studied prospectively for complications of ascending
      phlebography. The commonest immediate complication was pain at the site of
      injection and the commonest delayed complication pain in the foot or calf. Out of
      30 patients with pain in the foot and calf, 15 had venous thrombosis. Review of
      200 case notes disclosed only one recorded complication--namely, necrosis of the
      dorsal skin of the foot. Complications of the procedure reported by referring
      clinicians over 10 years comprised four cases of necrosis of the dorsum of the
      foot and two of gangrene of the foot, in one of which the gangrene spread to the
      leg. Major complications of ascending phlebography are rare, though when they
      occur may cause serious morbidity. If a scrupulous technique is used contrast
      phlebography remains the most accurate method of diagnosing venous disease of the
      leg.

PMID- 687898
TI  - Does adipocyte hypercellularity in obesity exist?
AB  - Adipose tissue samples were biopsied from three subcutaneous sites in 80 obese
      and 27 non-obese patients. Additional samples were taken from intra-abdominal
      sites in 44 of the patients. There was a small increase in the calculated number
      of fat cells in the more obese patients, but there was no relation between fat
      cell number and obesity of childhood onset. Omental fat cells were one-third the
      size of subcutaneous cells. Thus the calculated number of fat cells, usually
      based solely on subcutaneous samples, is an underestimate of the true number, and
      most obese patients can accommodate their fat without needing to recruit new
      cells. The diagnosis of "hyperplastic" obesity--that is, an excess number of fat
      cells--is unreliable and its relation to infantile obesity doubtful.

PMID- 687899
TI  - Heparin-like activity in uterine fluid.
AB  - Uterine fluid was collected from a group of normal patients and a group of
      patients with menorrhagia. Heparin-like activity was detected in 34 out of 38
      samples using an anti-Xa heparin assay. The heparin-like activity in uterine
      fluid was inhibited by adding the heparin antagonist hexadimethrine bromide to
      the assay. Concentrations of fibrinogen-fibrin degradation products (FDPs) were
      measured in five samples of uterine fluid. FDPs in the concentration detected had
      no effect on the anti-Xa assay. Heparin-like activity was higher in the group
      with menorrhagia, although the differences were not significant. Heparin-like
      activity increased throughout the menstrual cycle and decreased during
      menstruation, suggesting a possible cyclical variation in activity. There was no
      correlation between mast cell numbers in the endometrium and myometrium and
      heparin-like activity in uterine fluid and no correlation between the numbers and
      the stage in the menstrual cycle. In a few patients with intrauterine
      contraceptive devices (IUCDs) heparin-like activity was increased.

PMID- 687900
TI  - Cerebral blood flow in diabetes mellitus: evidence of abnormal cerebrovascular
      reactivity.
AB  - Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was studied at normocapnia and after a challenge with
      5% CO2 in 59 diabetic patients and 28 controls. There was a significant age
      related decline in CBF in both groups, which suggests that diabetes does not
      affect the rate of decrease of CBF with age. After CO2 challenge CBF increased in
      most of the controls; in the patients CBF increased in 23, decreased in 26, and
      remained stable in 10. Thus the reactivity of cerebral blood vessels in diabetics
      is altered. Diabetics have diminished cerebrovascular reserve and are thus at
      increased risk of cerebrovascular disease because they are unable to compensate
      when necessary with an increased CBF.

PMID- 687901
TI  - Carcinoid tumour of the breast.

PMID- 687902
TI  - Hyperparathyroidism after radiotherapy.

PMID- 687903
TI  - Melatonin as a tumour marker in a patient with pineal tumour.

PMID- 687904
TI  - Six months in South Africa.

PMID- 687906
TI  - Medicine and the media.

PMID- 687905
TI  - Renal failure in otherwise uncomplicated acute viral hepatitis.
AB  - Twelve patients with otherwise uncomplicated acute viral hepatitis (two were
      HBsAg-positive) developed renal failure. Apart from dehydration due to repeated
      vomiting in one patient, no factor responsible for precipitating renal failure
      could be identified. The clinical course was characterised by renal failure with
      plasma urea concentrations reaching maximum values of 26-69 mmol/l (175-416
      mg/100 ml). Ten patients needed dialysis for up to two weeks. Seven patients
      recovered completely, while the other five died from sepsis. The types of renal
      failure were similar to those described in fulminant hepatic failure and
      cirrhosis--namely, functional renal failure in five patients and acute tubular
      necrosis in seven. Two of the patients with functional renal failure later
      developed tubular necrosis. The mechanism responsible for renal failure in acute
      viral hepatitis is uncertain, though endotoxaemia may contribute.

PMID- 687907
TI  - Medicine and the media: hormone replacement therapy.

PMID- 687909
TI  - Confidentiality of medical records.

PMID- 687908
TI  - Medicine and the media: dangers of jogging.

PMID- 687910
TI  - Snakes and snake bite.

PMID- 687911
TI  - Sexual pressures on children.

PMID- 687912
TI  - Maternal nutrition and infant birth weight.

PMID- 687913
TI  - Thyroid extract.

PMID- 687914
TI  - Family health services and vital statistics.

PMID- 687915
TI  - Chlormethiazole addiction: unusual presentation.

PMID- 687916
TI  - Immunisation and eczema.

PMID- 687917
TI  - Organ transplantation and the fetal allograft.

PMID- 687918
TI  - Confusion about New Zealand abortion.

PMID- 687919
TI  - Platelet MAO activity in epilepsy.

PMID- 687920
TI  - Anticonvulsants and thyroid function.

PMID- 687921
TI  - Axillary hyperhidrosis.

PMID- 687922
TI  - Health care in developing countries.

PMID- 687923
TI  - Abuse of pentazocine.

PMID- 687924
TI  - Parathyroid adenoma.

PMID- 687925
TI  - Propranolol in black hypertensives.

PMID- 687926
TI  - Housing, health, and illness.

PMID- 687927
TI  - Getting the NHS back on course.

PMID- 687928
TI  - Locum consultants.

PMID- 687929
TI  - Thirty years of the NHS.

PMID- 687930
TI  - Misdiagnosis of amoebiasis.

PMID- 687931
TI  - Audiometry in industry.

PMID- 687932
TI  - Dyspnoea in normal pregnancy.

PMID- 687934
TI  - Postmortem tissue problems.

PMID- 687933
TI  - Chronic effects of alcohol.

PMID- 687935
TI  - Disproportionate reduction in tryptic response to endogenous compared with
      exogenous stimulation in chronic pancreatitis.
AB  - The secretin-pancreozymin (SP) and Lundh-Borgstrom (meal) tests were compared in
      diagnosing chronic pancreatitis (CP). A range of normal values for each test was
      obtained in a control group of 22 patients without pancreatic disease. Seventeen
      patients with CP were given the tests on separate days. The peak concentration of
      bicarbonate after secretin was reduced in 14 of these 17 patients, post-secretin
      bicarbonate output fell in 13, while peak tryptic activity (PTA) in duodenal
      juice after pancreozymin was below normal in 10; the overall incidence of
      abnormal results in SP tests was 88%. The mean tryptic activity (MTA) in a two
      hour collection of duodenal juice after the test meal was reduced below normal in
      16 of the 17 patients.In the control group PTA after pancreozymin was closely
      similar to MTA after the test meal, but in the patients with CP MTA was
      significantly less than PTA. PTA and MTA correlated significantly in both the
      control and CP groups, and the slopes of the two regression lines were not
      significantly different. In each patient with CP the tryptic response to the test
      meal was only a third of the tryptic response to intravenous pancreozymin. This
      disproportionate reduction in tryptic response to endogenous compared with
      exogenous stimulation in CP accounts for the high success rate of the meal test,
      which equalled the SP test.The Lundh-Borgstrom test is a sensitive indicator of
      CP and is within the resources of most hospitals. The SP test is better suited to
      specialist centres and may provide valuable additional information in individual
      cases.

PMID- 687936
TI  - Corticosteroids and liver amoebiasis.
AB  - Patients with amoebiasis who receive steroid treatment may suffer adverse affects
      including acute amoebic dysentery and exacerbation of the amoebiasis. In some
      cases the presenting symptoms are initially misdiagnosed and steroids prescribed,
      which provokes fulminating progression of hepatic amoebiasis. Repeated stool
      examinations often yield negative results. Any patient being considered for
      treatment with corticosteroids who has lived in the tropics should be
      investigated for amoebiasis serologically and by repeated stool examination. Even
      after negative results the possibility of amoebiasis should be reconsidered if
      diarrhoea or fever develops during or after steroid treatment.

PMID- 687937
TI  - Assessment of severity of paraquat poisoning.

PMID- 687938
TI  - Whole gut irrigation: a new treatment for constipation.

PMID- 687939
TI  - Ileal loop carcinoma after cystectomy for bladder exstrophy.

PMID- 687940
TI  - Spinal cord transection in utero.

PMID- 687941
TI  - Rhabdomyosarcoma of the right ventricle associated with polyarthritis.

PMID- 687942
TI  - Development of cytotoxic antibodies after a venous allograft.

PMID- 687943
TI  - Antibodies to Yersinia enterocolitica serotype 3 in thyroid disease.

PMID- 687944
TI  - Motorcycle spoke injury.

PMID- 687945
TI  - Effect of cigarette smoking on subsequent postoperative thromboembolic disease in
      gynaecological patients.

PMID- 687946
TI  - Joint hypermobility mimicking pauci-articular juvenile polyarthritis.

PMID- 687947
TI  - Drugs and doctorings for trans-Saharan travellers.

PMID- 687948
TI  - Use of antibiotics. Sulphonamides, co-trimoxazole, and tetracyclines.

PMID- 687949
TI  - The new Aberdeen medical record.

PMID- 687950
TI  - Emergency geriatric surgical admissions.
AB  - The emergency surgical work load created by patients aged 80 and over in a
      district hospital was assessed and the results of treatment examined. Over one
      year 248 patients aged 80 or over were admitted as emergencies, and the overall
      mortality rate was 21.8%. When terminal disease was excluded mortality rate was
      12.5%. These elderly patients had an average length of stay in the acute surgical
      ward of 14.7 days compared with a mean of 8.4 days for all patients, and all but
      seven patients were discharged to their original place of referral.Elderly
      patients do exacerbate the bed shortage in acute surgical wards because they tend
      to stay longer than younger patients, but these elderly surgical patients imposed
      only a small load on the inpatient geriatric services, as 78% were discharged
      straight to their own homes and a further 17% went home after a period on the
      surgical convalescent wards.

PMID- 687951
TI  - If I had ulcerative colitis.

PMID- 687952
TI  - Psychiatric ward rounds.

PMID- 687953
TI  - Advice on exercise.

PMID- 687954
TI  - Computer confidentiality.

PMID- 687955
TI  - Menopausal therapy and endometrial pathology.

PMID- 687957
TI  - Housing, health, and illness.

PMID- 687956
TI  - Home or hospital care for coronary thrombosis?

PMID- 687958
TI  - Metoclopramide in young children.

PMID- 687959
TI  - Domiciliary oxygen.

PMID- 687960
TI  - Efficacy of rubella vaccination.

PMID- 687961
TI  - Maintenance treatment of duodenal ulcer with cimetidine.

PMID- 687962
TI  - Children who cannot read.

PMID- 687963
TI  - Depot fluphenazine and tardive dyskinesia.

PMID- 687964
TI  - Hypostatic ulceration and male sex chromosomal anomalies.

PMID- 687966
TI  - Colonoscopy in the diagnosis of pseudomembranous colitis.

PMID- 687965
TI  - Prostaglandin F2 alpha and tumours of the female genital tract.

PMID- 687967
TI  - Schizophrenia and neurosis.

PMID- 687968
TI  - Sulphinpyrazone and prevention of death after myocardial infarction.

PMID- 687969
TI  - Money for old rope.

PMID- 687970
TI  - Dorsal column nuclei in a prosimian primate (Galago senegalensis). II. Cuneate
      and lateral cuneate nuclei: morphology and primary afferent fibers from cervical
      and upper thoracic spinal segments.
AB  - The morphology and brachial cord primary afferent projections of the cuneate and
      lateral cuneate nuclei have been studied in the lesser bushbaby. The cuneate
      nucleus was divided into three regions. From caudal to rostral these were the
      large cell, cell column and rostral regions. Primary afferents from C2, C4, C6,
      C7, C8, T1 and T3 terminated within distinct partially overlapping terminal zones
      in the ipsilateral large cell and cell column regions of the cuneate nucleus (CN)
      and the lateral cuneate nucleus (LCN). Segmentotopic was the greatest in the
      rostal region of the CN due to a more diffuse projection pattern. In the LCN, the
      transverse terminal fields appeared as curved mediolaterally oriented laminae. In
      each case, ascending fibers of passage from C4, C6, and C7 in the cuneate
      fasciculus were organized so that two distinct fiber laminae were present. The
      separation of fibers and the formation of the two ascending laminae were
      completed either within two segments rostral to their respective level of entry
      (for C6 and C7 lesions) or in the caudal medulla (for C4 lesion). For each of
      these segments, the laminae consisted of a small dorsomedial one and a large
      lateral one. The organization of primary afferents from one segment into two
      ascending fiber laminae in the cuneate fasciculus was reflected in a differential
      termination pattern within both the CN and LCN. The results of this study were
      discussed relative to earlier anatomical and physiological studies on the DCN in
      other animals.

PMID- 687971
TI  - Development of rat brain uptake and calcium-dependent release of GABA.

PMID- 687972
TI  - The accumulation of DL-glutamate by the central nervous system of the snail Helix
      pomatia.
AB  - Isolated snail ganglia are capable of maintaining their free amino acid levels
      steady for the first 60 min of incubation in physiological saline. Within this
      time the ganglia also possess an uptake mechanism for DL-glutamate which can be
      divided into sodium-sensitive and -insensitive components. The accumulation of DL
      glutamate showed saturation kinetics typical of a carrier-mediated process. The
      Vmax value for the uptake is 1.5 x 10(-8) mole/g/min and the Km value 1.1 x 10(
      4) M. The amino acid accumulation is quite specific towards L-dicarboxylic acids
      and insensitive to a number of metabolic inhibitors. It is unlikely to be due to
      a homoexchange phenomenon because the ganglia are capable of achieving a net
      uptake of glutamate and the efflux of DL-[3H]glutamate is not increased by the
      addition of non-radioactive L-glutamate to the incubation medium.

PMID- 687973
TI  - Differential radioautographic visualization of central catecholaminergic neurons
      following intracisternal or intraventricular injection of tritiated
      norepinephrine.

PMID- 687974
TI  - Tissue culture of mammalian enteric neurons.

PMID- 687975
TI  - Anatomical evidence for interlamellar inhibition in the fascia dentata.

PMID- 687976
TI  - Response characteristics of cortical taste cells and chorda tympani fibers in the
      rabbit.

PMID- 687977
TI  - A perfusion chamber for the study of CNS physiology and pharmacology in vitro.

PMID- 687978
TI  - Further evidence for GABAergic afferents to the lateral habenula.

PMID- 687979
TI  - Alterations of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the rat striatum after kainic
      acid injections.

PMID- 687980
TI  - Vascular permeability alterations to horseradish peroxidase in experimental brain
      injury.
AB  - Protein uptake and transport within the brain stem vasculature of mechanically
      brain injured cats was studied by means of both light and electron microscopy
      utilizing intravenously injected horseradish peroxidase as the protein tracer. In
      animals sustaining low grade head injuries not of sufficient intensity to elicit
      either microscopic, intraparenchymal hemorrhages or subtle, neuropathological
      responses, peroxidase extravasation was noted both in the vascular walls and in
      the surrounding parenchyma of the ventromedial aspect of the brain stem. At the
      ultrastructural level as early as 3 min after brain injury, occasional
      arterioles, venules and capillaries displayed peroxidase leakage. In serial
      sections large endothelial segments of these vessels revealed the peroxidase
      reaction product within numerous vesicles which often shared continuity with
      tubular and vacuolar profiles. Such vesicular activity apparently moved the
      peroxidase from the luminal surface to extrude it into the basal lamina. From the
      perivascular basal lamina, the reaction product flooded the interstices of the
      surrounding brain stem parenchyma where occasional neural, glial and pericytic
      elements incorporated the peroxidase within coated invaginations, vesicles,
      tubules and vacuoles. In that protein leakage was consistently observed despite
      the apparent integrity of both the endothelial tight junctions and their cell
      membranes, it is concluded that the vesicular transport of horseradish peroxidase
      across the endothelia of the brain stem vasculature represents a possible
      mechanism of blood-brain barrier dysfunction in mechanical brain injury.

PMID- 687981
TI  - Efferent projections of the gracile nucleus in the cat.
AB  - The efferent projections of different portions of the gracile nucleus in the cat
      were studied using both autoradiographic and degeneration tracing methods. The
      results suggest that there are two aspects to the functional organization of
      these projections. First, the somatotopic organization of the gracile n. (GR) is
      maintained, but inverted, by the topographic organization of its projections to
      VPL1. Fibers from the lateral portions of GR terminate medially in VPL1; fibers
      from the dorsal portions terminate ventrally. These fibers, especially those from
      the middle and caudal portions of GR, terminate in dense, precisely located
      groups of clusters. Dorsally located clusters in VPL1 (predominantly from middle
      ventral portions of GR) are significantly smaller than ventrally located clusters
      (predominantly from middle-dorsal portions). The second aspect of this
      organization, involving the projections both to VPL1 and to other brain stem
      targets, is that some kind of functionally relevant sorting process appears to
      occur as fibers leave different portions of the gracile n. The afferent
      projections of the rostral (GRr) and middle-ventral portions (GRmv) of the
      gracile n. are different from those from the other portions of the nucleus.
      Projections to VPL1 from GRr are less dense, less likely to form clusters, less
      clearly topographically organized, and extend further rostrally and dorsally in
      VPL1 than those from the rest of GR. The clusters are small, like those from
      GRmv. Similarly, although all portions of GR project to several other brain stem
      regions, these projections appear to be derived preferentially from GRr and/or
      GRmv. These brain stem regions involve certain portions of the inferior olive,
      inferior and superior colliculi, red n., zona incerta, pretectum, thalamic
      posterior group and the H field of Forel. This dual organization of efferent
      connectivity is similar to that of the cuneate n.20, and is consistent with many
      of the differences in cytoarchitecture, afferent connectivity and response
      properties of cells within different portions of the dorsal column nuclei.

PMID- 687982
TI  - Nerve endings in the choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle of the rat: electron
      microscopic study.
AB  - Nerve fibers and nerve endings in the fourth ventricle choroid plexus of the
      adult rat were studied with the electron microscope. Nerve endings were found at
      two sites within the plexus: (1) on the smooth musculature of the blood vessels
      (i.e. vascular nerve endings), and (2) in the stroma between the choroidal
      epithelium and the fibrovascular core. Ultrastructurally all fibers were of the
      efferent type, and the majority were unmyelinated. No ganglion cell bodies were
      identified. Fibers ending in relation to the smooth muscle of the vessels
      presumably control the calibre of these vascular channels. Although the role of
      the stromal nerve endings is as yet unknown, these fibers may influence
      epithelial cell functions and thus indirectly regulate choroidal cerebrospinal
      fluid production.

PMID- 687983
TI  - A mapping of the distribution of acetycholine, choline acetyltransferase and
      acetylcholinesterase in discrete areas of rat brain.
AB  - Acetylcholine (ACh) concentration, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and
      acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were measured in 60 discrete areas dissected from the
      rat forebrain. All 3 substances were detectable in every region examined. The
      range for ACh levels was approximately 9-fold, with highest levels in the
      striatal and mesolimbic areas. Wider ranges were found for ChAT and AChE. In
      addition to not having a uniform distribution ACh, ChAT and AChE did not always
      show proportional variations. ACh levels did not appear to relate to the activity
      of either enzyme in a simple manner. There was a better correlation (r = 0.902)
      between the activities of ChAT and AChE, with AChE activities always being
      higher. In some regions, AChE was disproportionately low or high relative to
      ChAT. In general, the biochemical results presented here are compatible with
      histochemical studies of AChE. Such measurements in small brain regions should
      prove valuable in future experiments designed to determine cholinergic function
      and localize cholinergic pathways.

PMID- 687984
TI  - The laminar origin of descending projections from the cortex to the thalamus in
      Tupaia glis.

PMID- 687985
TI  - Regeneration of optic nerve fibers enhances cell proliferation in the goldfish
      optic tectum.

PMID- 687986
TI  - Mossy and climbing fibre projections of trigeminal inputs to the cerebellar
      cortex in the cat.

PMID- 687987
TI  - Rapid axon sprouting in the neonatal rat hippocampus.

PMID- 687988
TI  - Origin and distribution of glutamate decarboxylase in the nucleus subthalamicus
      of the cat.

PMID- 687989
TI  - A sequential double-label 2-deoxyglucose method for measuring regional cerebral
      metabolism.

PMID- 687990
TI  - Identification of vesiculin as a glycosaminoglycan.

PMID- 687991
TI  - Effect of somatostatin (SRIF) and L-glutamate on neurons of the sensorimotor
      cortex in awake habituated rabbits.

PMID- 687992
TI  - Evidence for loss of Purkinje cell dendrites during late development: a
      morphometric Golgi analysis in the mouse.
AB  - The late postnatal development of the Purkinje cell dendritic tree in mouse
      cerebellar vermis was investigated in Golgi preparations by morphometric
      techniques in order to determine at what age adult characteristics of the
      Purkinje cell are achieved in the rodent brain which grows continuously
      throughout adult life. B6D2F1 hybrid mice were sacrificed at 9, 15, 20, 35 and
      250 days of age. "Hind-brain" weights (by direct weighing) and vermis volume
      (determined histometrically from Golgi sections), both increased rapidly from 9
      to 20 days of age and continued to increase steadily with advancing age. The
      growth of Purkinje dendritic field areas, determined by planimetric measurements
      from Golgi sections paralleled the growth curves for vermis cross-sectional area,
      vermis volume and "hindbrain" weight. However, stereological determinations
      revealed an unexpected disparity between the growth of the Purkinje dendritic
      field areas and changes in the total length of dendrites of Purkinje cells. The
      total dendritic branch length per Purkinje cell increased sharply up to 20 days
      of age but thereafter declined with advancing age. Dendritic spine counts on
      Purkinje cells revealed no change in the number of dendritic spines per unit
      length of dendrites between 20 and 250 days of age, however, since the Purkinje
      cell total branch length declined-calculations suggest that the total number of
      spines per cell declined after 20 days of age. Thus, the size of the cerebellum
      and the Purkinje cell dendritic tree continued to enlarge during late postnatal
      development; however, the total dendritic surface area and the total number of
      dendritic spines on each Purkinje cell, after reaching a peak at 20 days of age,
      declined with advancing age. The data suggest that the late postnatal development
      of the Purkinje cell dendritic tree is characterized by resorption as well as
      dendritic growth. The functional significance of such developmental remodelling
      is unknown.

PMID- 687993
TI  - Disorganization of myelinogenesis in tissue culture by anti-CNS antiserum.
AB  - The presence of decomplemented anti-CNS antiserum profoundly affects
      myelinogenesis in cultured mouse embryo spinal cord. Light and electron
      microscope study has shown that oligodendroglia differentiate and produce an
      abundance of cell processes which surround the oligodendrocytes in a chaotic,
      disorganized array. Where the cell processes chance to meet, they form a kind of
      aberrant swollen myelin. Rarely, the oligodendroglial processes ensheath axons.
      For the most part, the available axons remain unmyelinated. On removal of the
      decomplemented antiserum, oligodendroglia differentiate and form normal myelin
      around the available axons. Myelination of peripheral nervous system (dorsal root
      ganglion) axons in the same preparations is unaffected by the presence of the
      antiserum. Thus, under these circumstances, the message from the neuron to the
      oligodendrocyte to make myelin is apparently intact, yet there is interference
      with the ability of the oligodendroglial cell process to find, attach to and
      encircle CNS axons with a normal myelin sheath.

PMID- 687994
TI  - Topographical distribution of dopaminergic innervation and dopaminergic receptors
      of the anterior cerebral cortex of the rat.
AB  - The quantitative topographical distribution of the dopaminergic innervation and
      the DA-sensitive adenylate cyclase were estimated in the anterior cerebral cortex
      of the rat. The high affinity uptake of [3H]DA and endogenous levels of DA were
      used as markers of the dopaminergic innervation. [3H]DA uptake, DA levels and DA
      sensitive adenylate cyclase were estimated in microdiscs of tissues punched out
      from frozen serial frontal slices. The uptake of [3H]DA was measured on sucrose
      homogenates prepared from such microdiscs. The ventral part of the frontal cortex
      contained the highest DA concentration and DA-sensitive adenylate cyclase
      activity; the other structures rich in DA and in DA receptors were the cingular
      (close to the corpus callsoum) and the rhinal cortices. All of these cortical
      areas were rich in [3H]DA uptake sites. However, curiously, the dorsal part of
      the frontal cortex, which contained only moderate amounts of DA and of DA
      sensitive adenylate cyclase, presented the highest number of [3H]DA uptake sites.
      Nevertheless, the uptake of [3H]DA in this region decreased by 60% after
      bilateral electrolytical lesions of the ventral tegmental area (A10 group). The
      parietal cortex was practically devoid of dopaminergic innervation and of DA
      sensitive adenylate cyclase. The activity of the DA-sensitive adenylate cyclase
      in the frontal, cingular and rhinal cortices was 10-fold higher than that found
      in the striatum when compared to their respective DA levels.

PMID- 687995
TI  - A pictorial representation of endogenous brain ATP by a bioluminescent method.
AB  - The layering of a luciferin-luciferase solution on brain slices makes endogenous
      ATP visible. Rat brains, frozen in situ and sliced at 16 micrometer thickness at
      a temperature of--15 degrees C, were fixed by a ternary mixture of ethanol,
      formalin and dioxane at--20 degrees C for 15 min, and dried at 40 degrees C for
      12 h. Luciferin, luciferase and a small quantity of magnesium sulfate were
      dissolved into an arsenate buffer solution containing 1% polyvinylpyrrolidone, 2%
      gelatin and 1% glycerol. The solution was then frozen into a column, sliced at 40
      micrometer thickness at--15 degrees C and placed on the precooled brain slice. A
      luminiferous luciferin-ATP reaction begins when the brain slice reaches room
      temperature and persists for more than 10 min. This technique therefore makes
      possible the optical and/or photographic determination of the endogenous
      concentration of brain ATP. Capability of the technique is also demonstrated.

PMID- 687996
TI  - Centrifugal influence on olfactory bulb activity in the rabbit.
AB  - (1) Regions which exert centrifugal influences on the olfactory bulb activity
      were studied by applying systematic stimulation to various areas of the
      ipsilateral telencephalon in the rabbit. By delivering electric stimuli to the
      anterior commissure (AC), the deep lying structures in the projection areas of
      the lateral olfactory tract (LOT) and the medial forebrain bundle situated
      between the lateral hypothalamic area and the lateral preoptic area, negative
      field potentials were evoked in the granule cell layer (GCL) of the bulb. (2)
      Intracellular recordings from the mitral cells and the GCL neurons in the
      olfactory bulb were performed in order to clarify the modes of the centrifugal
      influences on the olfactory bulb neurons. (3) EPSPs were recorded in the GCL
      neurons by stimulation of the deep-lying structure of the prepiriform cortex as
      well as by stimulation of the AC. The onset time and duration of the EPSPs
      corresponded well to those of the negative field potentials in the GCL. Thus, it
      was suggested that these negative potentials were caused by the EPSPs of the
      number of granule cells. (4) In almost all of the mitral cells, IPSPs were
      recorded by stimulation of the AC and the deep-lying structures of the LOT
      projection areas. The onsets of the IPSPs were found with delays of several
      milliseconds from those of the negative field potentials in the GCL. (5) It was
      postulated that the excitation of the centrifugal system mainly exerts a
      depressive influence on the activity of the mitral cell, and that the GCL neuron
      (presumably the granule cell) seems to be an inhibitory interneuron interpolated
      between the extrinsic fibers from the telencephalon and the mitral cell.

PMID- 687997
TI  - Potentiation of a cardioinhibitory reflex by hypothalamic stimulation in the
      rabbit.
AB  - Repetitive stimulation of an area within the lateral hypothalamus, near the
      mammillothalamic tract, evoked pressor responses with bradycardia in
      anaesthetized rabbits. With weak stimulation (cathodal pulses below 75--150
      microamperemeter, 1 msec duration, 60--100 per sec for 5--9 sec) the pressor
      responses were accompanied by bradycardia similar in intensity to that evoked by
      i.v. administration of noradrenaline. Stronger stimulating currents evoked an
      intense bradycardia that could not have arisen solely through the baroreceptor
      reflex. With these stronger currents the heart rate sometimes fell, transiently,
      to less than 20% of the resting rate. After denervation of the 4 main buffer
      nerves (sinus and aortic nerves), hypothalamic stimulation could not readily
      evoke bradycardia, although the pressor, respiratory and other effects remained.
      When the baroreceptor afferents were activated, either by evoked pressor
      responses in rabbits whose buffer nerves were intact or by electrical stimulation
      of the central ends of divided aortic nerves, strong hypothalamic stimulation
      augmented the bradycardia evoked reflexly from these baroreceptor afferents. This
      evidence suggests that electrical stimulation of this area in the hypothalamus
      may facilitate the cardioinhibitory component of the baroreceptor reflex in the
      rabbit.

PMID- 687998
TI  - Morphology of membrane changes during neurohypophyseal hormone release in a
      hibernating rodent.

PMID- 687999
TI  - Light-evoked potassium activity in mudpuppy retina: its relationship to the b
      wave of the electroretinogram.

PMID- 688000
TI  - Response of dopamine neurons in substantia nigra to muscimol.

PMID- 688001
TI  - Muscarinic cholinergic receptors participate in the kindling model of epilepsy.

PMID- 688002
TI  - Microperoxisomes in the central nervous system of the postnatal rat.
AB  - The distribution of catalase-containing microperoxisomes was studied in the
      central nervous system of rats during the early postnatal period when the
      processes of myelination and cell differentiation are active. The regions
      selected for study included a region previously found in adult animals to contain
      substantial numbers of reactive microperoxisomes, as well as areas where few such
      bodies were seen. Microperoxisomes were relatively numerous in all areas during
      the first two postnatal weeks; at later times they occurred less frequently, or,
      in some areas, were almost entirely absent. In early postnatal CNS, catalase
      positive microperoxisomes were found in all cell types in all regions studied.
      Neurons of both cerebrum and cerebellum contained catalase-positive
      microperoxisomes during the first two postnatal weeks; few such neuronal bodies
      are found in these areas after the third postnatal week. During the period of
      active myelination, catalase-positive microperoxisomes were found in
      oligodendrocyte cell bodies, and also in oligodendrocyte processes associated
      with forming myelin sheaths in all areas. In several areas during the first 3
      postnatal weeks, catalase-positive bodies were seen in synaptic terminals, a
      location where they are seldom observed in mature tissue. Cells of postnatal
      choroid plexus also were found to contain modest numbers of reactive
      microperoxisomes.

PMID- 688003
TI  - The effects of puberty and castration on hippocampal dendritic spines of mice. A
      Golgi study.

PMID- 688004
TI  - Ascending projections of the inferior colliculus onto the medial geniculate body
      in the cat studied by anterograde and retrograde tracing techniques.

PMID- 688005
TI  - A ponto-interposito-rubrospinal pathway for single muscle contractions in limbs
      of the cat.

PMID- 688006
TI  - Anomalous organization of SMI somatotopic map consequent to vibrissae removal in
      the newborn rat.

PMID- 688007
TI  - Striate cortex neurons of binocularly deprived kittens respond to visual stimuli
      through the closed eyelids.

PMID- 688008
TI  - The turnover rate of gamma-aminobutyric acid in the substantia nigra following
      electrical stimulation or lesioning of the strionigral pathways.

PMID- 688009
TI  - Synchronous responses of the primary auditory fibers to the onset of tone burst
      and their relation to compound action potentials.

PMID- 688010
TI  - Intracellular analyses of synaptic potentials in cerebellar Purkinje cells of the
      rat.

PMID- 688011
TI  - Evidence for distinct spinal locomotion generators supplying respectively fore-
      and hindlimbs in the rabbit.

PMID- 688012
TI  - Gastrin and cholecystokinin in human cerebrospinal fluid. Immunochemical
      determination of concentrations and molecular heterogeneity.
AB  - To determine whether gastrin and cholecystokinin (CCK), recently found in the
      central nervous sytem, were present in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), we studied
      human specimens by sensitive and specific radioimmunoassays for the two related
      polypeptide hormones. The concentration of gastrin in cerebrospinal fluid from 10
      neurologically normal persons ranged from 1.5 to 8.0 pM (mean 3.4 pM), whereas
      the concentration of CCK ranged from 4 to 55 pM (mean 14 pM). The molecular
      heterogeneity of gastrin and CCK in CSF was determined by gel chromatography of
      concentrated fluid monitored by 3 gastrin radioimmunoassays specific for
      different sequences of gastrin17 and 3 CCK radioimmunoassays specific for
      different sequences of CCK33. Chromatography revealed that gastrin was present in
      molecular forms corresponding to gastrin34 ('big gastrin') and gastrin17. CCK was
      present in molecular forms corresponding to the COOH-terminal octapeptide amide
      of CCK33 and a fragment corresponding to sequence 25-29 of CCK33. Also, a peptide
      corresponding to COOH-terminal tetrapeptide amide common to both gastrin and CCK
      was found. The results indicate that true gastrin as well as CCK are present in
      CSF, and that both hormones display a molecular heterogeneity similar to that
      found in extracts of brain tissue.

PMID- 688013
TI  - Neonatal systemic 6-hydroxydopamine and dorsal tegmental bundle lesion:
      comparison of effects on CSN norepinephrine and the postdecapitation reflex.

PMID- 688014
TI  - GABA and gonadal hormones.

PMID- 688015
TI  - The effects of intraventricular injection of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on
      prolactin and gonadotropin release in conscious female rats.

PMID- 688016
TI  - Behavioral and physiological studies of non-narcotic analgesia in the rat
      elicited by certain environmental stimuli.
AB  - These experiments characterized the analgesia resulting from exposure to certain
      noxious and/or stressful manipulations. Rats exposed either to electric grid
      shock (0.35-2.0 mA for 10-30 sec) or to 5 min of presumably non-painful
      centrifugal rotation (about 7.0 transverse g's) were analgesic as measured by
      tail-flick, hot plate and responses to applications of a calibrated paw pinch or
      alligator clip. Analgesia produced by shock (SA) or centrifugal rotation (RA)
      persisted after termination of these manipulations. Neither SA nor RA were
      attended by generalized sensory, attentional or motoric deficits. Intraperitoneal
      injection of hypertonic saline also increased tail-flick latencies. Exposure to
      brief ether anesthesia or horizontal oscillation, both of which have been
      reported to increase ACTH secretion (a commonly used indicator of stress), did
      not produce analgesia as measured by the tail-flick test. The use of classical
      conditioning procedures to pair shock with environmental stimuli resulted in
      increased tail-flick latencies. The narcotic antagonist naloxone (1 mg/kg, i.p.)
      did not reduce the tail-flick inhibition produced by shock, rotation, hypertonic
      saline or classical conditioning. Chlordiazepoxide (5 mg/kg, i.p.) also failed to
      antagonize the increased tail-flick latencies produced by shock or conditioning.
      Tail-flick inhibition produced by shock or rotation was markedly reduced by
      complete spinal cord transection at thoracic levels. These results suggest that:
      (1) the selective modulation of nociceptive input at the level of the spinal cord
      can be mediated by a supraspinal system or systems physiologically distinct from
      those involved in analgesia produced by the administration of opiates; (2) non
      narcotic modulation of nociceptive input occurring within the spinal cord can be
      learned by exposure to classical conditioning procedures; and (3) noxious stimuli
      are sufficient but not necessary to produce a non-narcotic analgesia; stress
      alone, however, is not always sufficient to produce this analgesia.

PMID- 688017
TI  - Deflection of selected optic fibers into a denervated tectum in goldfish.
AB  - In goldfish, one eye was enucleated, and after two or more weeks a select
      fraction of optic fibers from the remaining eye was deflected into the
      ipsilateral optic tectum. At varying intervals, the optic reinnervation of the
      ipsilateral tectum was measured by autoradiography and electrophysiologic
      mapping. Both methods indicated the deflected optic fibers not only innervated
      the appropriate region of tectum but also spread beyond this, occupying a total
      area that was several times greater than normal. Correlated with this spreading
      were low grain density in the autoradiograms and reduction in the number of
      amplitudes of units recorded electrophysiologically. The electrophysiology also
      revealed this projection to be almost devoid of topographic organization, showing
      only a crude but appropriate polarity.

PMID- 688018
TI  - Modulation of intracranial self-stimulation behaviour by local perfusions of
      dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin within the caudate nucleus and nucleus
      accumbens.
AB  - In order to examine the possible role of dopamine (DA), noradrenaline (NA) and 5
      hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the control of intracranial self-stimulation
      behaviour (ICSS) a push-pull perfusion system was used to administer different
      consecutive doses of DA, NA and 5-HT to discrete regions within the caudate
      nucleus (CN) and nucleus accumbens (NAC) of rats during ICSS. Electrode
      placements supporting ICSS were in both the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) and the
      ventral mesencephalic tegmentum (VMT). Animals were allowed to determine the ICSS
      pulse train duration thereby permitting three measures of ICSS behaviour: (1)
      mean presses/min; (2) mean duration/press and (3) mean time pressed/min. Eleven
      electrode/cannula combinations were found to be responsive to both DA and 5-HT.
      The DA response profile was typified by a significant increase in mean
      presses/min, a significant decrease in mean duration/press and no significant
      change in the mean time pressed/min. The response profile for 5-HT was the
      converse of the DA pattern for the first two measures of ICSS, however, again
      there was no significant change in the mean time pressed/min. In addition, 8
      electrode/cannula combinations were sensitive to NA; for 5 combinations the
      response pattern was similar to that of DA, however, the changes in ICSS were
      generally larger and of longer duration. For the remaining 3 combinations
      sensitive to NA there was no major change in mean presses/min but a dramatic
      increase in the mean duration/press and consequently, an increase in the mean
      time pressed/min. It is suggested that the central control of ICSS behaviour
      might depend, in part, upon a relative balance between DA and 5-HT systems within
      the CN and NAC. The operational characteristics of this balance may be subject to
      additional modulation by the activation of an adrenergic receptor.

PMID- 688019
TI  - Effects of deafferenting cerebellar or cerebral inputs to the pontine and red
      nuclei in the albino rat.

PMID- 688020
TI  - Formation of new synaptic terminals in the somatosensory thalamus of the rat
      after lesions of the dorsal column nuclei.

PMID- 688021
TI  - Ontogenesis of muscarinic receptors and acetylcholinesterase in differentiating
      rat cerebral cells in culture.

PMID- 688022
TI  - Uptake and release of [3H]dopamine and dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase
      activity in retinal synaptosomal fractions.

PMID- 688023
TI  - Neurochemical mapping of GABAergic systems in the amygdaloid complex and bed
      nucleus of the stria terminalis.

PMID- 688025
TI  - Midbrain raphe mediation of the narcotic blockade of ovulation.

PMID- 688024
TI  - Effect of the immunoneutralization of substance P in the cat substantia nigra on
      the release of dopamine from dendrites and terminals of dopaminergic neurons.

PMID- 688026
TI  - [Metabolic changes in chronic kidney failure].

PMID- 688027
TI  - [Multidimensional analysis of some respiratory parameters in healthy subjects
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 688028
TI  - [Analysis of causes of partial oxygen pressure decrease with progressing age in
      healthy subjects (author's transl)].

PMID- 688029
TI  - [O-demethylase activity and inductibility changes in the liver and renal cortex
      after experimental liver damages by hydrazine (author's transl)].

PMID- 688030
TI  - [Changes in the functional state of the myocardium in the course of adaptation of
      the heart to increased work load in experiment on rabbits (author's transl)].

PMID- 688031
TI  - [Changes in metabolism, ion and water content in erythrocytes during incubation
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 688032
TI  - [Hazards of oesophagus recanalization (author's transl)].

PMID- 688033
TI  - [Value of lymphography in patients with tumours of the testis (author's transl)].

PMID- 688034
TI  - [Rational procedure for screening diabetics under hospital conditions (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 688035
TI  - [Concerning the pathogenesis of arterial wall neurodystrophies. (Energy supply
      disorders) (author's transl)].

PMID- 688036
TI  - [Clinical and prognostic value of hypertension in acute myocardial infarction
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 688037
TI  - [Effect of ethanol on index values of triple product (author's transl)].

PMID- 688038
TI  - [Concerning the problem of management of thyroid gland tumours (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 688039
TI  - [Relapsing fistula of the small intestine--as complication of diverticulitis of
      the sigmoid colon (author's transl)].

PMID- 688040
TI  - [Somatogenic psychosis in Q fever (author's transl)].

PMID- 688041
TI  - [Differential-diagnostic use of the flow-volume curve in a case of severe
      respiratory insufficiency (author's transl)].

PMID- 688042
TI  - [Suggestions regarding the formation of compound medical terms in English].

PMID- 688044
TI  - [Whole body computerized axial tomography].

PMID- 688043
TI  - [Is immunotherapy a weapon in the treatment of solid neoplastic tumors?].

PMID- 688045
TI  - [Indications for computerized axial tomography of the brain].

PMID- 688046
TI  - [Severe hematuria].

PMID- 688047
TI  - [Nephric colic].

PMID- 688048
TI  - [Injuries of the kidney].

PMID- 688049
TI  - [Acute pyonephrosis].

PMID- 688050
TI  - [Injuries of the bladder and urethra].

PMID- 688051
TI  - [Acute retention in adults].

PMID- 688052
TI  - [Emergency diseases of male genital organs].

PMID- 688053
TI  - [Emergencies in pediatric urology].

PMID- 688054
TI  - [Anuria].

PMID- 688055
TI  - [A new diagnostic device: x-ray scanner].

PMID- 688056
TI  - [Principles of treatment of labio-palatine clefts].

PMID- 688058
TI  - [Diagnosis and prognosis of primary malignant melanoma].

PMID- 688057
TI  - [Nevus and malignant melanoma].

PMID- 688059
TI  - A procedure for obtaining initial estimates of parameters appearing in steady
      state rate or equilibrium binding equations.
AB  - A "peeling" procedure is described for obtaining initial estimates of the
      parameters in the equation: formula: (see text), where P(x) and Q(x) are
      polynomials in x. The method is illustrated, in the context of enzyme kinetics,
      using data which are fitted to the following equation: formula: (see text), where
      v denotes the initial steady-state velocity at an initial substrate concentration
      S, and a1, a2, b1, and b2 are non-negative constants. The applicability and
      limitations of the method for data fitting in fields such as enzyme kinetics and
      ligand-binding studies are discussed.

PMID- 688060
TI  - Control of glucose transport in adipose tissue of the rat: role of insulin, ATP,
      and intracellular metabolites.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to elucidate some of the mechanisms of control of
      the glucose transport step in adipose tissue. Glucose transport was studied by
      monitoring the conversion of [1-14C]glucose to 14CO2 in a system where glucose
      transport was made rate limiting by increasing the flux through the pentose
      phosphate pathway with phenazine methosulphate, an agent which results in rapid
      rates of reoxidation of NADPH. The maximum velocity for the apparent rate of
      glucose transport was increased significantly by insulin. There was no change in
      the glucose concentration required for half-maximal rates of 14CO2 production.
      Glucose transport was also monitored by directly measuring the rate of glucose
      uptake. Glucose uptake was increased by phenazine methosulphate. The
      intracellular glucose-6-phosphate concentration was decreased by phenazine
      methosulphate. These two agents, insulin and phenazine methosulphate, seemed to
      act by independent mechanisms as their optimal effects on glucose uptake were
      additive. The apparent rate of glucose transport was decreased by ATP which
      resulted in a decrease in maximal velocity but did not affect the affinity for
      glucose. This effect of ATP was seen in the presence of absence of insulin.

PMID- 688061
TI  - Studies on the preparation of rat liver plasma membrane fractions and on their
      polypeptide patterns.
AB  - Plasma membrane and bile canalicular membrane fractions were prepared from rat
      liver using NaHCO3, NaHCO3--CaCl2, and K2HPO4-KH2PO4 buffers (all at pH 7.4). The
      amount (expressed as milligrams protein per gram liver) of plasma membrane
      fraction exceeded the amount of bile canalicular membrane fraction using each of
      these three media; the use of NaHCO3-CaCl2 afforded a substantially higher yield
      of both types of membranes. The two membrane fractions exhibited complex patterns
      of polypeptides (greater than 30) on sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) polyacrylamide
      gel electrophoresis. Several reproducible differences in polypeptide patterns
      were observable between the two membrane fractions; in particular, components
      possibly corresponding to the heavy chain of myosin and to action were prominent
      in the  bile canalicular membrane fraction. The effects of incubation in the
      above three buffers and in Tris--HCl (pH 7.4) on the polypeptide patterns of both
      types of membrane were studied. Many polypeptides were released from each type of
      membrane in all of these media. Differential effects on the polypeptide patterns
      of either type of membrane fraction were observed among the various buffers. In
      terms of minimizing loss of polypeptides, in general, NaHCO3--CacCl2 appeared to
      be the best buffer and Tris--HCl the worst buffer. The significance of these
      results for the preparation and storage of liver cell plasma membrane fractions
      is briefly discussed.

PMID- 688062
TI  - Wheat embryo ribonucleates. XII. Formal characterization of terminal and
      penultimate nucleoside residues at the 5'-ends of "capped" RNA from imbibing
      wheat embryos.
AB  - (1) N2,N2,7-Trimethylguanosine, not previously detected as a component of plant
      RNA, is shown to be present in the RNA which is isotopically labelled when dry
      wheat embryos imbibe water in a medium that contains[methyl-3H]methionine. (2)
      N2,N2,7-Trimethylguanosine and 7-methylguanosine are released as part of "capped"
      oligonucleotides when the isotopically labelled RNA from imbibing wheat embryos
      is subjected to hydrolysis by RNase T2. (3) By way of contrast with the "capped"
      RNA of animal cells, 5'-terminal "cap" structures (m7Gppp- and m32,2,7 Gppp-) in
      the "capped" RNA from the higher plant organism are not bonded to pneultimate O2'
      methylnucleoside constituents. (4) In an allied study, it has been found that
      recovery of poly (A)-rich RNA from dry wheat embryos depends on the inclusion of
      sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) in phosphate-buffered (pH 6.8) phenolic emulsions.
      By way of contrast, recovery of poly (A)-rich RNA from dry wheat embryos does not
      depend on the inclusion of SDS in Tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane buffered (pH
      9.0) phenolic emulsions.

PMID- 688063
TI  - [Control of argininosuccinate synthetase, argininosuccinase and arginase
      activities in the newborn rat].
AB  - Some factors influencing the postnatal development of three urea cycle enzyme
      activities, argininosuccinate synthetase, argininosuccinase, and arginase, in the
      liver of newborn rats, are studied. Premature and postmature birth change the
      developmental pattern of these enzyme activities, suggesting that the increase in
      enzyme activity after birth is initiated by the birth process. Starvation of
      newborn animals after birth has no effect on the postnatal development of the
      three enzyme activities. Bilateral adrenalectomy at birth causes a partial
      inhibition of the postnatal increase of argininosuccinase and arginase activities
      while injection of cortisol prevents the effects of adrenalectomy. It is
      suggested that presence of adrenal secretion is one condition necessary for the
      increased activity of the prematures.

PMID- 688064
TI  - Identification of the 5S RNA binding site in intermolecular complexes of wheat
      embryo ribosomal 5S and 18S RNA.
AB  - The nucleotide sequence in wheat embryo ribosomal 5S RNA that binds by
      complementary base pairing to ribosomal 18S RNA has been identified. The 5S--18S
      RNA complex was formed in vitro and the interacting regions of the two RNA chains
      were isolated by a combination of nuclease digestion and electrophoresis on
      polyacrylamide gels. The binding site is close to the 3'-end of the 5S RNA
      molecule and contains a maximum of 24 nucleotides.

PMID- 688065
TI  - Bile acid synthesis in isolated rat hepatocytes.
AB  - Normal adult rat hepatocytes were incubated for 48h and the concentration of
      total and individual bile acids in homogenized samples of the culture was
      measured at intervals during the incubation, using radiogas chromatography and
      isotope derivative assay. The net increase in bile acids over the value observed
      at the start of the culture was taken as synthesis. The results showed that bile
      acid synthesis was linear up to 24h of incubation, at a rate of 20nmol/g
      hepatocytes per hour, and that 85% of the newly synthesized bile acid was cholic
      acid. The bile acid synthesized was mainly conjugated with taurine. These results
      suggest that isolated hepatocytes cultured in the way described could be a useful
      in vitro model for the study of bile acid synthesis.

PMID- 688066
TI  - Investigation of polyene macrolide antibiotic-induced permeability changes in
      vesicles by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance.
AB  - The permeability of egg yolk lecithin (EYL) vesicles to Pr3+ has been measured by
      31P nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) spectroscopy. Measurable Pr3+ leakage into
      the internal aqueous compartment of EYL vesicles at ambient (21 degrees C)
      temperature required the presence of small (7--10 mol%) amounts of dicetyl
      phosphate (DCP). The permeability of DCP-containing vesicles is decreased by
      incorporation of sterol (cholesterol greater than ergosterol approximately 5.6
      dihydroergosterol greater than zymosterol) into the lipid bilayer. Addition of
      the polyene macrolide antibiotic, nystatin, to DCP-containing EYL vesicles with
      and without sterol resulted in increased Pr3+ permeability at the three
      temperatures studied (21--37.5 degrees C). Permeability changes observed upon
      addition of nystatin to sterol-impregnated, DCP-containing vesicles varied with
      sterol structure: ergosterol approximately 5,6-dihydroergosterol greater than
      cholesterol approximately zymosterol. These results are compared with other
      polyene macrolide induced permeability changes on model and natural membrane
      systems. Permeability changes induced by nystatin in sterol-free EYL vesicles
      were generally greater than for comparable sterol-containing vesicles. This is
      attributed to a nonspecific interaction of the antibiotic with the latter
      vesicles.

PMID- 688067
TI  - Analysis of plant genomes. IV. Isolation and characterization of satellite DNA
      components from two dicotyledons cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and radish (Raphanus
      sativus).
AB  - Satellite DNA fractions from cucumber and radish, two plants having low DNA
      contents and relatively small chromosomes, were isolated and characterized.
      Reassociation studies of satellite and total nuclear DNA showed that the
      satellite fractions in these two plants contain most of the rapidly reassociating
      DNA. Cucumber satellite I was found to contain one major component (70% of the
      total satellite) having a density of 1.706 g/cm3 and a Tm of 90.5 degrees C and a
      minor component with a density of 1.712 g/cm3 and a Tm of 93.5 degrees C. The
      complexity of the major component was estimated to be 3.8 X 10(5) daltons while
      that of the minor one was 12.9 X 10(7) daltons. Although cucumber satellite II
      banded as a single peak at a density of 1.700 g/cm3 in neutral CsCl gradients, it
      was observed to have a rather broad denaturation profile with a Tm of 86.5
      degrees C. Its Cot curve was also broader than that of satellite I and one of its
      components (40% of the total) had a complexity of 5.8 X 10(5) daltons. Two
      satellite fractions were also observed in the case of radish DNA but only
      satellite I was isolated in a pure form and characterized. This radish satellite
      formed a sharp, symmetrical peak at a density of 1.698 g/cm3 in neutral CsCl
      gradients and underwent denaturation in a narrow temperature range of 6 to 7
      degrees C. An analysis of the optical reassociation kinetics showed that this
      satellite contained a major and a minor component. The major component, which
      comprised 80% of the satellite, had a complexity of 12.9 X 10(5) daltons.
      Hybridization experiments revealed that the ribosomal DNA was present in
      satellite II.

PMID- 688068
TI  - Actin-like and tubulin-like proteins in synaptic junctional complexes.
AB  - Synaptic junctional complexes (SJCs), isolated by a procedure which preserves
      presynaptic dense projections (PDPs) contain as their major component a
      polypeptide (P55) which comigrates with tubulin on sodium dodecyl sulfate -
      polyacrylamide gels and another major polypeptide (P45) which comigrates with
      muscle actin. We report here the characterization of P55 and P45 by two
      dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by peptide mapping of the
      radioiodinated polypeptides. Our results indicate that P55 and P45 are homologous
      with tubulin and actin respectively, in terms of molecular weight, protein
      charge, and primary structure. Comparison of the sodium dodecyl sulfate -
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis patterns of SJCs and postsynaptic densities
      (PSDs) indicates that P55 and P45 are associated mainly with PDPs but are also
      found in the PSD.

PMID- 688069
TI  - A rapid method for the determination of CTP and phosphocholine in rat liver and
      baby hamster kidney 21 cells.
AB  - A rapid and sensitive assay for CTP and phosphocholine was required for us to
      determine the concentration of these compounds in tissues and cell cultures. Such
      a procedure was devised with CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase, an enzyme
      which is highly specific for CTP and phosphocholine. The 0--22% ammonium sulfate
      precipitate of a cytosolic extract from rat liver was used as the source of the
      enzyme. The amount of CTP in an extract was estimated by the conversion of
      [3H]phosphocholine to 3H-labelled CDP-choline. Similarly, the concentration of
      phosphocholine was estimated by the formation of 3H-labelled CDP-choline from 3H
      labelled CTP. The conversion of CTP and phosphocholine to CDP-choline was 90%
      when inorganic pyrophosphatase was added to the incubations. The formation of CDP
      choline was linear between 1 and 10 nmol of CTP or phosphocholine. The
      concentration of CTP was determined in rat liver (62 nmol/g wet weight) and baby
      hamster kidney 21 (BHK-21) cells (161 nmol/g wet weight). The concentration of
      phosphocholine in rat liver was 1.16 mumol/g wet weight whereas in BHK-21 cells
      it was much less (69 nmol/g wet weight). By this procedure, it may be possible to
      establish the importance of CTP and phosphocholine in the control of
      phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis.

PMID- 688070
TI  - A study of the influence of the method of oral administration of ampicillin upon
      plasma drug levels in calves.
AB  - Ampicillin was given orally to five Holstein calves using the following four
      different methods of administration: via stomach tube, mixed and fed in the calf
      starter ration, dissolved in milk and pail fed and administered orally as 400 mg
      commercial calf tablets. In addition, ampicillin was dissolved in milk and pail
      fed 20 to 30 minutes following intramuscular atropine. Ampicillin was only
      detected in the plasma of calves which had received the drug, pail fed in milk.
      Atropine administration slowed the appearance of the drug in the plasma but did
      not decrease the efficiency of absorption.

PMID- 688071
TI  - An agglutination test for the detection of Bordetella bronchiseptica infection in
      swine.
AB  - An agglutination test with the use of formalin-killed antigen of the cell
      carrying the capsule was developed and used for the detection of antibody in
      swine naturally infected with Bordetella bronchiseptica. Under optimum antigen
      concentration and reaction temperature 210 or 60% of 342 serum samples tested
      from 42 conventional swine herds were positive for Bordetella infection. In
      contrast, only 34 or 10% of 342 nasal swabs from the same animals were positive
      for Bordetella by culture technique. The test was relatively free of cross
      reactivity to related organism. However, 2.7 and 13.0% of sera from growing pigs
      and mature hogs, respectively, reacted with antigen of Pasteurella multocida.
      Because of this, only agglutinin reactions in 1:20 dilutions or higher to
      Bordetella were considered positive. The bulk of the antibody activity of
      selected sera tested from various age ranges of swine was mercaptoethanol
      sensitive, suggesting that serum antibody in Bordetella infection may be
      associated with immunoglobulin IgM. Because of the high agglutinability and
      stability of formalin-killed antigen the test may be useful as an auxiliary aid
      for the diagnosis of Bordetella infection where the organism cannot be identified
      by culture means.

PMID- 688072
TI  - On establishing reference values.
AB  - In order to establish a range of reference values for any characteristic one can
      use  Gaussian or nonparametric techniques, whichever are most appropriate. One 
      has the choice of calculating tolerance intervals or percentile intervals. A
      tolerance interval is said to contain, say 95% of the population with
      probability, say 0.90.  A percentile interval simply simply calculates the values
      between which 95% of the observations fall. If the data can be said to have a
      Gaussian distribution, the same precision can be obtained with smaller sample
      sizes than using the nonparametric techniques. In some cases, data which are not
      Gaussian can be transformed into a Gaussian form and hence make use of the more
      efficient Gaussian techniques. In both cases, the data should be checked for
      outliers or rogue observations and these should be eliminated if the testing
      procedure fails to imply that they are an integral part of the data.

PMID- 688073
TI  - Enigmatic resistance of sheep (Ovis aries) to infection by virulent Francisella
      tularensis.
AB  - Tularemia in range sheep is an occasional cause of severe economic loss from
      mortality and unthriftiness as well as a hazard to persons in contact with the
      animals. Epizootics are unpredictable and explosive, therefore, prophylaxis is
      more practical than therapy. Live vaccine of proven value in man and in beavers
      was inoculated into mature ewes and elicited antibodies without harm to the
      sheep. However, challenge of immunity was not possible because virulent
      Francisella tularensis in large doses did not cause significant mortality in
      healthy, well managed, unimmunized sheep. Evidence suggests that a complex of
      stresses such as inclement weather, lambing and concomitant ectoparasitism render
      sheep more susceptible to tularemia.

PMID- 688074
TI  - Bovine erythrocytic, granulocytic and macrophage colony formation in culture. A
      preliminary report.
AB  - Bovine erythrocytic colonies containing up to 300 cells each were produced by
      using a plasma clot technique with five percent CO2 at 37 degrees C. with high
      humidity and 2.5 units of sheep step III erythropoietin per milliliter.
      Erythropoietin was essential for colony formation. The number of colonies ranged
      from 24 to 823 per 10(5) nucleated marrow cells plated, in different animals.
      Some of the erythroid colonies were mixed with granulocytes.
      Granulocyte/macrophage colonies were produced in methyl cellulose cultures.
      Colonies contained up to 1000 cells and the number of colonies ranged from 13 to
      981 per 10(5) nucleated marrow cells plated, from different animals. Glass
      adherent cells appeared to produce colony stimulating activity in culture. In
      both culture systems, there was a direct linear relationship between the number
      of nucleated marrow cells plated and the number of colonies produced.

PMID- 688075
TI  - Strongylus edentatus: development and lesions from ten weeks postinfection to
      patency.
AB  - Pony foals inoculated with infective Strongylus edentatus larvae were examined at
      necropsy from ten to 72 weeks postinfection. At ten weeks postinfection larvae
      were visible retroperitoneally in the liver and flanks and were recovered from
      the ligaments of the liver. The fourth molt was detected at 16 weeks
      postinfection and larvae were also recovered from the wall of the cecum at this
      time. By 40 weeks adult S. edentatus containing eggs were found in the contents
      of the cecum and colon. While many larvae migrate to remote parts of the body, it
      is likely that only those that attain the base of the cecum are successful in
      establishing in the cecum and colon as adult forms. By 36 weeks postinfection no
      larvae were found in the liver and up to this time none were found in the
      peritoneal cavity. Larvae were not recovered from the parenchyma of the lungs.
      Adhesions and disruption of omental architecture were frequent changes observed
      throughout infection. Casts of necrotic eosinophils enclosing tracks and larvae
      were observed beneath the intima of major veins of the cecum and colon. The liver
      was rough and the capsule thickened at 16 and 20 weeks postinfection and the
      flanks remained edematous until 36 weeks postinfection.

PMID- 688076
TI  - The effect of thiopental sodium, methoxyflurane and halothane on the acid-base
      status in sheep.
AB  - Experiments have been carried out on 20 adult fat-tailed ewes to determine the
      effects of thiopental sodium, methoxyflurane and halothane on acid-base status of
      the saliva loss during prolonged surgical anaesthesia. The rate of loss of base
      in saliva depends on the volume of saliva produced, which fell sharply at the
      onset of anesthesia with the volatile anaesthesia. Plasma pH and plasma pvCO2
      excess were both increased by the volatile anaesthetics but fell sharply during
      thiopental anaesthesia. Plasma pH and plasma PvCO2 showed no consistent
      relationship.

PMID- 688077
TI  - The bovine alveolar macrophage. II. In vitro studies with Pasteurella
      haemolytica.
AB  - Bovine alveolar macrophages were cultured in vitro and challenged with
      suspensions of live and dead bacteria. These cells showed severe cytotoxic
      morphological changes and a low rate of phagocytosis after exposure to live
      Pasteurella haemolytica type I was readily phagocytosed and produced only mild
      cytotoxic changes.

PMID- 688078
TI  - The removal of "nucleic acid" from an antigen present in the livers of chickens
      with erythroblastosis.
AB  - The recovery of viral antigen in a pure form from tissue can be hindered by the
      small amount of antigen present relative to the remaining normal tissue
      constituents with which the antigen may form loose associations. An antigen from
      the livers of chickens with erythroblastosis had earlier seemed to be associated
      with nucleic acid.  The present work suggests that this material, which reacts
      with reagents for DNA and RNA but is soluble in 0.2N HClO4, is only a contaminant
      and not an integral part required for complete activity of the antigen. Treatment
      with 0.2N HClO4, together with precipitation of the active protein by 60%
      saturation of aqueous solutions with ammonium sulphate, removes the nucleic acid
      without destroying antigenicity. The procedure results in a marked degree of
      purification of the antigen (732-fold with respect to original liver protein) but
      contaminants still remain. A contaminant absorbing at 260 nm resisting extraction
      with 0.2N HClO4, can be partly eliminated if the solution is treated with ether
      alcohol to remove lipid.

PMID- 688079
TI  - Lack of an effect of dietary selenium on serum albumin, glucose and urea nitrogen
      in ewes.
AB  - The results of a study on the effect of dietary selenium administered with
      vitamin E on serum levels of albumin, glucose and urea nitrogen in ewes are
      reported. In October, at the onset of breeding, after ten months on a
      dystrophogenic diet, mean serum levels of albumin (g/dl), glucose (mg/dl) and
      urea nitrogen (mg/dl) were respectively 3.5, 52.9 and 12.8, in 65 Se-deficient
      ewes and 3.6, 51.7 and 14.3 in 65 Se-adequate ewes. Despite a significant
      difference in the serum level of urea nitrogen between Se-deficient and Se
      adequate groups, no consistent effect of dietary selenium was apparent.

PMID- 688080
TI  - Perfusions of the posterior hypothalamus of cats with various ions and
      saccharides: effects on body temperature.
AB  - Alterations of the ionic constituents of solutions perfused through the tissue of
      the posterior hypothalamic region in conscious cats elicited changes in body
      temperatures. Increasing the (Ca2+) to (Na+) ratio of the perfusion solution
      elicited falls in body temperature which were accompanied by changes in posture
      and vasomotor tone which assisted the heat loss. The magnitude of the fall was
      dependent on the ratio of (Ca2+) to (Na+) and was not related to the osmolarity
      of perfusion solution. The addition of dextrose to the perfusion solution
      attenuated or abolished the response produced by an increase in the (Ca2+) to
      (Na+) ratio. This dextrose effect could be attributed to its role as an energy
      substrate. These data are consistent with and extend previous suggestions that
      the set point for body temperature may be dependent on the inherent ratio of the
      ionic constituents of the posterior hypothalamic area. Further, they suggest that
      these ionically induced alterations can be overriden by increasing the available
      energy substrate.

PMID- 688081
TI  - Differential impairment of thermogenesis in the pigeon after chemical
      sympathectomy.
AB  - A dose-controlled chemical sympathectomy with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) did not
      disrupt thermostasis in the pigeon at +38 degrees C. At +6 degrees C,
      thermogenesis was impaired, but the lower body temperature and oxygen consumption
      were stable and vasoconstriction was normal. The stability may partly be
      explained by a massive release of adrenaline from the adrenals (50% in 20 min).
      Despite a deficit in heat production both after sympathectomy and after acute 6
      OHDA, no change in muscle electrical activity was observed. Plasma free fatty
      acid (FFA) concentration was significantly elevated after sympathectomy, but no
      changes occurred in blood glucose or plasma lactate levels. The results indicate
      a major compensatory role for the adrenals in avian thermogenesis. They also
      suggest a sympathetically mediated auxiliary thermogenic mechanism independent of
      muscle electrical activity and coupled to FFA metabolism.

PMID- 688082
TI  - Adrenal-regeneration hypertension in Wistar-Furth rats.
AB  - The susceptibility of young virgin female Wistar-Furth (W/Fu) rats to adrenal
      regeneration hypertension (ARH) was evaluated by comparing the blood pressure of
      adrenal-enucleated, mononephroadrenalectomized, salt-loaded rats with that of
      similarly treated rats having one intact adrenal over a period of 5 weeks.
      Hypertension began to appear in animals of the first group by the 3rd week,
      affected all of them by the 4th week, and increased in severity during the 5th
      week. Control rats remained normotensive during the study. Hypertensive rats
      developed marked enlargement of the heart and kidney, which frequently displaced
      myocardial scarring and nephrosclerosis, respectively. These studies do not
      support the contention that W/Fu rats display heightened resistance to ARH to
      which, in fact, they appear to be just as susceptible as are most other strains.

PMID- 688083
TI  - The rabbit mesenteric vein: a specific bioassay for substance P.
AB  - The anterior mesenteric vein of the rabbit responds to substance P with dose
      dependent contractions and is among the vascular smooth muscles most sensitive to
      this peptide. In spite of its high sensitivity to numerous other agents,
      including angiotensin and bradykinin, the rabbit mesenteric vein can be made
      selective for substance P by the use of specific inhibitors that will prevent the
      myotropic effects of acetylcholine, catecholamines, histamine, 5
      hydroxytryptamine, and of the two above-mentioned peptides, without modifying the
      contractions elicited by substance P. It appears that this peptide acts directly
      on specific receptors and not through the release of neurotransmitters.
      Interference by intramural prostaglandins is excluded because substance P is
      equally active on tissues pretreated with indomethacin or untreated. Dose
      response curves obtained with substance P are close to the theoretical curves
      predicted by the mass action law. The rabbit mesenteric vein contains a new type
      of receptor for bradykinin, recently identified (REGOLI, D., MARCEAU, F., and
      BARABE, J. 1978. De novo formation of vascular receptors for bradykinin. Can, J.
      Physiol. Pharmacol. 56, in press.). The action of bradykinin on this receptor can
      be prevented with the use of specific and competitive inhibitors and, therefore,
      the mesenteric vein will distinguish between peptides of the kinins or of the
      substance P types.

PMID- 688084
TI  - Methadone hydrochloride: effects of acute administration on disposition and
      hepatic function in guinea pigs.

PMID- 688085
TI  - Absence of Na+--H+ barrier function in mucosa of canine small bowel.
AB  - The study was designed to determine whether the special Na+--H+ barrier function
      of the gastric mucosa is present in the mucosa of the small bowel and whether a
      gastric mucosal barrier breaker (hexanoic acid) would accelerate the fluxes of
      sodium in duodenum-jejunum and ileum as in the stomach. The observations were
      made in healthy conscious dogs with Thiry-Vella fistulae of the small bowel or
      Heidenhain pouches of the gastric corpus. These barrier characteristics of the
      stomach were completely absent in the small intestine where bidirectional Na
      fluxes were 5--10 times greater than in the stomach and were not accelerated by
      hexanoic acid as they were in the stomach. A comparison was made between the
      rates of absorption of hexanoic acid, sodium hexanoate, and HCl from the pouches
      and fistulae. The lipid-soluble fatty acid was transported at all sites more
      rapidly than its water-soluble sodium salt. In the stomach and ileum the H+ of
      HCl and sodium hexanoate were absorbed at similar slow rates. The duodenal
      jejunal mucosa, however, transported H+ at rates nearly identical to those of
      hexanoic acid. In our tests HCl was not neutralized in duodenal contents while
      large quantities were neutralized in the contents of ileum.

PMID- 688086
TI  - The effects of vasodilators in the perfused hind limbs of spontaneously
      hypertensive and normotensive rats.
AB  - The vascular effects of isoproterenol and nitroprusside were evaluated in the
      perfused hind limbs of age-matched normotensive Wistar (NW) and spontaneously
      hypertensive (SH) rats. The vasodilating effects of these two compounds were
      assessed in the presence of concentrations of noradrenaline sufficient to raise
      the basal perfusion pressure to 85--110 mmHg. The sensitivity of the hind limb
      vessels of SH rats to the vasodilating action of isoproterenol (2.4 x 10-6--1.0 x
      10-4 M) was slightly greater than that of the hind limb vessels of NW rats. On
      the other hand, the sensitivity to the vasodilating effect of nitroprusside (1.7
      x 10-7--3.3 x 10-5 M) was similar in the hind limb vessels of both groups of
      rats. Propranolol (7.6 x 10-6 M) inhibited to a similar extent the isoproterenol
      induced dilation of NW or SH hind limb vessels, but did not modify the
      vasodilating effect of nitroprusside in these preparations, thus suggesting that
      the vasodilating action of isoproterenol was due to the stimulation of vascular
      beta-adrenergic receptors. These results do not support the hypothesis suggesting
      the existence of a deficient vascular relaxation in hypertensive rats.

PMID- 688087
TI  - Epileptiform seizures in domestic fowl. VIII. Anticonvulsant activity of
      primidone and its metabolites, phenobarbital and phenylethylmalonamide.
AB  - Primidone is an effective anticonvulsant against seizures induced in epileptic
      fowl by exposure to intermittent photic stimulation. Epileptic fowl metabolize
      primidone to phenobarbital. Pretreatment of epileptic fowl with SKF 525A to
      prevent the metabolism of primidone to phenobarbital indicated that primidone
      itself had anticonvulsant activity. Phenylethylmalonamide, a second metabolite of
      primidone, did not have anticonvulsant activity when administered at the same
      dose as primidone.

PMID- 688088
TI  - Muscarinic inhibition of endogenous myocardial catecholamine liberation in the
      dog.

PMID- 688089
TI  - Tectospinal and tectoreticular cells: their distribution and afferent
      connections.
AB  - Experiments on chloralose-anaesthetized cats have shown that cells in the
      superior colliculus may be antidromically activated either from the
      pontomedullary reticular formation or the ventral cervical spinal cord, or from
      both sites. In tests on 111 units this has provided a basis for differentiating
      between cells of origin of the tectospinal tract and the tectoreticular system
      within the superior colliculus. Tectospinal cells may be activated both by spinal
      and pontine stimulation; tectoreticular cells cannot be activated by spinal
      stimulation. Both tectoreticular and tectospinal cells respond to visual and
      muscle afferent stimulation. The afferent connections may be strongly inhibitory
      as afferent input to the superior colliculus ofter prevented subsequent
      antidromic invasion. This was more commonly seen in tectospinal cells than
      tectoreticular cells. The distribution of the two cell populations within the
      superior colliculus was also found to be dissimilar. Evidence has also been
      obtained to suggest that the tectoreticular system, in part, consists of
      collaterals of the tectospinal tract.

PMID- 688090
TI  - Determination of the 'no effect' level of dietary parathion for the rat based on
      a short-term study.

PMID- 688091
TI  - Spontaneous hydrolysis of heroin in buffered solution.
AB  - Electron-capture gas-liquid chromatography was used to study the spontaneous
      hydrolysis of heroin in phosphate buffer (pH 6.4 and pH 7.4) at 23 degrees C.
      Aliquots of solution were taken over a 24-h period. After extraction at pH 8.9
      into propan-2-ol (10%)-ethyl acetate, deacetylated products were made into
      hepafluorobutyrate derivatives which were analyzed quantitatively using
      nalorphine as the internal standard. Heroin decomposes to 06-monoacetylmorphine
      (06-MAM) under these conditions. Further decomposition to morphine was not
      observed. Spontaneous hydrolysis was faster at pH 7.4 (first-order rate constant,
      9.6 x 10-5 min-1) than at pH 6.4 (first-order rate constant, 3.0 x 10-5 min-1).
      In 24 h, the decomposition to 06-MAM was 13 and 4%, respectively.

PMID- 688092
TI  - Acute tolerance to ethanol on the release of acetylcholine from the cat cerebral
      cortex.
AB  - Ethanol (1 g/kg, iv) produced a peak depression of acetylcholine release from the
      cat sensorimotor cortices within 30 min of the ethanol administration but
      recovery to control levels occurred in the following 30 min. However, the
      concentrations of ethanol in the blood and in the solution bathing the cortex
      remained stable during this recovery period. This example of acute tolerance to
      ethanol is possibly related to the well-known acute tolerance that develops to
      the behavioural effects of ethanol.

PMID- 688093
TI  - Chronotropic and inotropic effects of neurotensin on spontaneously beating
      auricles.
AB  - Synthetic neurotensin (NT) was shown to exert a potent positive inotropic and
      chronotropic action in spontaneoulsy beating guinea pig and rat auricles and to
      be inactive in the rabbit auricles. The positive inotropic effects of NT in
      guinea pig and rat auricles were detected at concentrations as low as 3.0--6.0 x
      10-10 M. Maximal concentrations of NT (3.1 X 10-7 M) increased the amplitude of
      contractions by 135 and 55% in guinea pig and rat auricles, respectively. On the
      basis of ED50 values, NT was found to be 20--30 times more potent than
      epinephrine in increasing the force of contraction in guinea pig and rat
      auricles. The results suggested that the positive inotropic and chronotropic
      actions of NT are species dependent. The potential usefulness of NT in the
      treatment of experimentally induced heart failure is underlined.

PMID- 688094
TI  - De novo formation of vascular receptors for bradykinin.
AB  - Two different types of receptors for bradykinin have been found in isolated veins
      of the rabbit. The first receptor is a stable component of the smooth muscle
      membrane and it is found in the jugular vein, while the second is generated de
      novo during incubation in vitro and it is present in the mesenteric vein.
      Actinomycin D and cycloheximide block the generation of receptors in the
      mesenteric vein, without exerting any action either on receptors for other
      agonists (e.g. substance P) in the same tissue, or on the other receptor for
      bradykinin in the jugular vein.

PMID- 688095
TI  - Effect of hydrocortisone on phenylhydrazine-induced Heinz-body anemia.
AB  - The effect of hydrocortisone on phenylhydrazine-induced anemia has been examined
      in adrenalectomized rats. The extent of hemolysis in adrenalectomized rats
      treated with phenylhydrazine was significantly higher than in normal and
      adrenalectomized rats supplemented with hydrocortisone.

PMID- 688096
TI  - Hepatic parasympathetic neural effect on glucose balance in the intact liver.
AB  - Sympathetic nerves to the intact liver of the cat were selectively destroyed by
      injection of 6-hydroxydopamine into the portal vein 1 week prior to the
      experiment. Glucose output was calculated from the product of the arterial-venous
      glucose difference and hepatic blood flow. Hepatic blood flow was monitored by an
      electromagnetic flowmeter using a hepatic venous long-circuit. Stimulation of the
      parasympathetic nerves isolated from around the common hepatic artery produced a
      rapid reduction in hepatic glucose output to one-quarter of control levels by 2
      min and to zero by 10 min of nerve stimulation. The data show that hepatic
      glucose balance is readily influenced by the hepatic parasympathetic nerves.

PMID- 688097
TI  - Acetic acid and hydrogen metabolism during coculture of an acetic acid producing
      bacterium with methanogenic bacteria.
AB  - Two microorganisms originally existing as a mixed culture obtained from an
      anaerobic digester fluid were separated for pure and coculture studies. One of
      these was motile, Gram-negative, and non-sporeforming, and it required yeast
      extract for growth and acetic acid production. This isolate produced H2 and did
      not need H2 and (or) CO2 for growth and acetate formation. The other isolate was
      a methanogen whick resembled Methanobacterium arbophilicum in morphology and
      substrate specificity. Coculture growth of the two isolates in yeast extract
      broth (80% N2--20% CO2 gas phase) indicated that the non-methanogen produced up
      to four to five times more H2 than when grown separately. Although the growth of
      the non-methanogen was not enhanced by the removal of H2 by the methanogen, the
      hydrogen produced was essential for the growth of methanogen. Similar results
      were obtained when the non-methanogen was cocultured with Methanospirillum
      hungatti GP1. Cultivation of the non-methanogen in the presence of M. hungatti
      GP1 (under abundance of 80% H2--20% CO2) indicated that the acetate produced was
      consumed by M. hungatii, without inhibiting the growth of the other culture.

PMID- 688098
TI  - The metabolism of carbohydrates by extremely halophilic bacteria: the
      identification of lactobionic acid as a product of lactose metabolism by
      Halobacterium saccharovorum.
AB  - Nongrowing cells of Halobacterium saccharovorum oxidized lactose to a product
      identified as lactobionic acid by thin-layer, paper, and column chromatography,
      and by identification of the galactose and gluconic acid produced from it after
      acid hydrolysis. Growing cells oxidized lactose to a product that was identical
      with lactobionate except that it did not serve as a substrate for galactose
      oxidase. While the identity of this compound has not been established, it is
      suggested that the product is lactobionic acid in which the galactose moeity is
      in the furanose form. Neither lactobionate nor the product produced by growing
      cells was further metabolized, suggesting that lactose oxidation is not coupled
      to growth.

PMID- 688099
TI  - Growth characteristics of three bacterial isolates from an arctic soil.
AB  - Three bacterial isolates, a Pseudomonas sp., a Bacillus sp., and an Arthrobacter
      sp., commonly isolated from a hummocky sedge-moss meadow at Devon Island, N.W.T.,
      Canada, were selected for further taxonomic characterization and for a study of
      the effects of temperature and limiting carbon source on growth. Pseudomonas M216
      resembled P. putida and Bacillus M153, B. carotarum. Arthrobacter M51 had growth
      factor requirements which were more complex than those of any named species of
      that genus. The temperature ranges of growth indicated that Pseudomonas M216 and
      Arthrobacter M51 were psychrotrophic while Bacillus M153 was mesophilic. Growth
      in batch culture at limiting glucose concentrations enabled the calculation of Ks
      and Y values for each isolate. These were similar to those obtained for other
      organisms and Pseudomonas M216 and Bacillus M153 showed a high affinity for
      glucose. The nutritional versatility of Arthrobacter M51 and its ability to grow
      at low temperatures and the high growth rates and affinity of Pseudomonas M216
      for low substrate concentrations may account for their competitive abilities in
      the natural environment, while the inability of Bacillus M153 to grow at low
      temperatures may limit its activity in tundra soils.

PMID- 688100
TI  - The interaction of cholera toxin subunit A with cultured adrenal cells.
AB  - Subunits A and B of cholera enterotoxin were isolated by chromatography on a Bio
      Gel P-60 column in the presence of 4% formic acid. The purity and biological
      activity of the isolated subunits was assessed by polyacrylamide disc gel
      electrophoresis and mouse adrenal cell assay, respectively. The specific uptake
      of isolated 125I-labeled subunits A and B, peptides A1 and A2 and bovine serum
      albumin (BSA) by cultured adrenal cells was investigated. The results indicate
      that iodosubunit A, or peptide A1 or A2, traverses the plasma membrane and is
      released to the cell cytosol. A significant portion of bound iodosubunits A or B
      was associated with the plasma membrane, suggesting the presence of specific
      membrane receptors. The biological acitivity of subunit A was determined by the
      mouse adrenal cell assay. The purified subunit caused a characteristic cellular
      change from epithelioid to rounded morphology. A 30-fold higher concentration of
      subunit A (on a mole/mole basis) as compared with native toxin was required for a
      maximum morphologic response. These results extend previous observations related
      to the bioactivity of subunit A of the cholera enterotoxin molecule.

PMID- 688101
TI  - Estimation of bacterial production in fresh waters by the simultaneous
      measurement of [35S]sulphate and d-[3H]glucose uptake in the dark.
AB  - Sulphate uptake in the dark by phytoplankton constitutes a severe limitation to
      the determination of bacterial heterotrophic production from sulphate-uptake
      rates. Consequently a modification to the 35S-method has been developed involving
      size fractionation to separate the algae from the bacteria. Both the whole water
      sample and the algae-free filtrate are incubated in the dark with trace
      quantities of [3H]glucose, whereas the filtrate alone is incubated with 35SO4.
      The experimental determined ratio (whole sample glucose assimilation: filtrate
      glucose assimilation) is used to correct the measured sulphate uptake (filtrate)
      and yields an estimate of bacterial sulphate uptake in the whole sample. A
      potential filtration artefact has been demonstrated in the 35SO4 uptake
      methodology. Excision of the outer edge of the membrane filter and counting of
      the inner wetted circle alone eliminated this problem and significantly improved
      the analytical performance of the method: coefficient of variation approximately
      5%, detection limit approximately 2 ng S l-1 h-1. The modified [35SO4]-[3H]
      glucose method was applied to samples from an English chalk stream: bacterial
      sulphate uptake was higher during the spring diatom maximum (10.6 ng S l-1h-1)
      than 3 weeks later when detritus dominated the seston (4.9 ng S l-1h-1). We
      estimate the corresponding rates of formation of particulate (bacterial) carbon
      to be 0.53 and 0.24 microgram C l-1h-1 respectively.

PMID- 688102
TI  - Mycoviruses of Penicillium stoloniferum: influence of carbon-nitrogen nutrition
      upon replication.
AB  - Carbon-nitrogen ratio experiments indicate that limiting nutrition not only
      hinders Penicillium stoloniferum host proliferation but reduces total PsV-F and
      PsV-S virus replication. Results of C-N experiments show a pH-induced autolysis
      and virus release at minimal C levels. Maximal PsV-F levels and biomass were
      obtained with glucose and sucrose as C sources. Oleic acid also yielded high
      biomass and PsV-F yields. Yeast extract was an excellent N source; 2.83 g dry
      weight biomass and 87 A260 units PsV-F after 96 h of growth. Other nitrogen
      sources, including amino acids, supported only minimal growth and virus
      replication. The autolysis phenomenon is pH, not viral-induced. High C and N will
      support maximal growth and unrestricted virus replication with no cellular lysis.
      Under low C growth conditions, the replication of PsV-S is favored coupled with
      high pH and autolysis.

PMID- 688103
TI  - Spiroplasma associated with flowers of the tulip tree (Liriodendron tulipifera
      L.).
AB  - Spiroplasmas were isolated and cultivated from nonsurface-sterilized petals and
      bracts excised from flowers of Liriodendron tulipifera L. (tulip tree) in Anne
      Arundel, Charles, and Prince George's Counties in Maryland, and East Lyme County,
      Connecticut. All isolates grew at 30 and at 37 degrees C. Morphology of colonies
      on solid agar (1%) medium containing serum differed among isolates: some isolates
      formed highly diffuse, barely visible colonies; others formed distinct colonies
      with granular centers surrounded by minute surface or submerged 'satellite'
      colonies. Cellular morphology and motility of organisms in broth and in agar
      culture were typical of the spiroplasmas pathogenic in plants and insects. In
      viscous media containing methylcellulose, spiroplasmas freely suspended in the
      medium swam, and organisms in contact with glass slide or coverslip "crawled"
      across the solid surface. Frowth inhibition, metabolic inhibition, and organism
      deformation tests failed to reveal a serologic relationship between spiroplasma
      strain 23-6 from tulip tree flowers and spiroplasma strain AS 576 from honey bee.

PMID- 688104
TI  - [Demonstration of extrachromosomal DNA in Rhizobium meliloti].
AB  - Seven effective (nitrogen-fixing) strains of Rhizobium meliloti have been
      studied. By sedimentation analysis of their alkaline lysates in alkaline sucrose
      gradients, a plasmid was found in four strains. In a strain (2011 str 3) which
      gave no result with this method, supercoiled DNA was detected by CsCl-dye buoyant
      density gradient centrifugation. That result was confirmed by analytical Cs2SO4
      Ag+ density gradients, which showed a heterogeneity in the average base
      composition of the DNA extracted from three strains, including the 2011 str 3
      strain. Two of those last strains seemed to contain an extrachromosomal DNA of
      very high molecular weight.

PMID- 688105
TI  - Nutritional characteristics of Megasphaera elsdenii.
AB  - Megasphaera elsdenii B159 (formerly Peptostreptococcus elsdenii; Rogosa 1971) is
      able to grow in a chemically defined medium containing minerals, NH4+ as the sole
      nitrogen source, sulfate as the source of sulfur, acetate and glucose as the
      carbon and energy sources, and the vitamins biotin, pyridoxine, and calcium
      pantothenate. When lactate serves as the carbon source, with cysteine present as
      the reducing agent, acetate is not required. Valine and threonine appeared to be
      required although direct inoculation of unwashed cells into media lacking these
      amino acids permitted growth in their absence after an extended incubation
      period. Sulfur sources utilized included sulfate, sulfide, thiosulfate, cysteine,
      and glutathionine; methionine was utilized less readily. When glucose was
      autoclaved in the medium, the generation time of M. elsdenii was 170--200 min,
      but increased to more than 400 min when glucose was autoclaved separately and
      added to the cooled sterile medium. When fructose, which had been sterilized
      separately, was utilized as the carbon and energy source, the generation time was
      200 min.

PMID- 688106
TI  - Partial characterization of a cubic Bacillus phage.
AB  - Partial characterization of a cubic Bacillus phage. Can. J. Microbiol. 24: 986-
      993. Phage Bam35 is an icosahedron of about 63 nm in diameter. It has a double
      capsid with spikes at the vertices, and a tail which seems to appear upon nucleic
      acid ejection. The phage contains DNA and, probably, lipids which seem to be
      located in the inner coat. The phage is Bacillus-specific, UV- and lipase
      resistant, and sensitive to heat, chloroform, and ether. The latent period is 50
      min and the burst size is 39. Page Bam35 belongs to a new virus group which
      includes a phage of B. anthracis and four phages of gram-negative bacteria
      harboring drug-resistance plasmids.

PMID- 688107
TI  - Investigations into the kinetics and stoichiometry of bacterial oxidation of
      covellite (CuS) using a polarographic oxygen probe.
AB  - "Oxygraph" apparatus was used to measure quantitatively the kinetics of oxidation
      of synthetic covellite (CuS) in the presence and absence of Thiobacillus species.
      The expected stoichiometric relationship between oxygen consumed and cupric
      sulphate produced was verified by atomic absorption assays of cupric ion and
      sulphate ion. Thiobacillus cultures markedly increased the oxidation rate. The
      dependence of each oxygen-uptake rate on oxygen concentration was also measured.
      Sterile controls and some bacterial cultures showed first-order kinetics while
      other cultures showed zero-order kinetics. Addition of biological inhibitors to
      reacting slurries revealed that cultures showing first-order kinetics did not
      oxidize CuS itself but merely oxidized elemental sulphur formed by non-enzymic
      oxidation of CuS. Cultures showing zero-order kinetics oxidized CuS in a way that
      resulted in all oxygen reduction being enzymic. This mechanism possibly involves
      the cyclic oxidation and reduction of soluble iron.

PMID- 688108
TI  - The genus Travassosius Khalil, 1922 (Nematoda, Trichostrongyloidea) in beaver,
      Castor spp.: a review and suggestion for speciation.

PMID- 688109
TI  - [The phagocytic reaction in Amoeba proteus. II. Phagocytosis of non-living
      particles].

PMID- 688110
TI  - The division process of Cryptobia salmositica in experimentally infected rainbow
      trout (Salmo gairdneri).

PMID- 688111
TI  - Embryonic stages: morphology, timing, and variance in the toad Bombina
      orientalis.

PMID- 688112
TI  - An alternative interpretation of the fine structure of the basal zone of the
      cuticle of the dauerlarva of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematoda).

PMID- 688113
TI  - Caring in today's health care system.

PMID- 688114
TI  - Stuttering.

PMID- 688115
TI  - Caring: deficiencies of hospital staff.

PMID- 688116
TI  - Are hair dyes associated with bladder cancer?

PMID- 688117
TI  - Change in design of life preservers may save lives.

PMID- 688118
TI  - Treatment of urinary tract infection with a single dose of trimethoprim
      sulfamethoxazole.

PMID- 688119
TI  - Vaginal injuries due to water-skiing.

PMID- 688120
TI  - Fetal exsanguination associated with antepartum hemorrhage.

PMID- 688121
TI  - Signing of absentee medical certificates.

PMID- 688122
TI  - Prison suicides.

PMID- 688123
TI  - Unusual case of partial large bowel obstruction.

PMID- 688124
TI  - Bacterial endocarditis of the mitral valve associated with annual calcification.
AB  - Bacterial endocarditis, caused mainly by Staphylococcus aureus, was found at
      autopsy in five patients who had a calcified posterior mitral valve annulus.
      Clincopathologic correlation indicates that the infection should be suspected in
      elderly patients with a calcified mitral annulus, the murmur of mitral
      insufficiency, fever, anemia, polymorphonuclear leukocytosis and a positive blood
      culture, regardless of evidence of peripheral embolism or of another disease that
      could cause the last four features. Pertinent pathologic findings are a calcified
      mitral valve annulus, vegetations of bacterial endocarditis towards the base of
      the posterior leaflet associated with leaflet perforation and an annulus abscess,
      and no other valvular disease. The infection may develop on the atrial aspect of
      a leaflet ulcerated by the calcium mass or may begin on its ventricular aspect,
      subsequently perforating the leaflet and infecting its atrial surface.

PMID- 688125
TI  - Assessment of the technical quality of electrocardiograms.
AB  - The technical quality of 600 electrocardiograms (ECG's) was assessed for missing
      leads and clipping, and graded from 1 to 5 for each of noise, lead drift and beat
      to-beat drift. Three subgroups of 200 ECGs each were studied: group A, those
      obtained by emergency department staff (non-technicians); group B, records
      obtained by ECG technicians; and group C, telephone-transmitted records obtained
      by technicians performing all the laboratory work at a smaller, outlying
      hospital. Records with missing leads, clipping, grade 4 or 5 noise, grade 5 lead
      drift or grade 5 beat-to-beat drift were classified as unsatisfactory or
      rejected. With these stringent criteria the rejection rate was 71.0% for group A
      records, 58.5% for group B and 44.5% for group C. The proportions of records with
      peak quality (no missing leads or clipping, and grade 1 noise, lead drift or beat
      to-beat drift) were 4.5% for group A, 5.5% for group B and 23.0% for group C.
      Suggested revisions in the grading of technical quality of ECGs are presented.

PMID- 688126
TI  - Preliminary report on the use of propranolol in thyrotoxicosis: I. Effect on
      serum thyroxine, triiodothyronine and reverse triiodothyronine concentrations.

PMID- 688127
TI  - Massive aspiration of talcum powder by an infant.

PMID- 688128
TI  - Stuttering: recent developments in theory and in therapy.
AB  - When parents are concerned about the development of stuttering in their child
      they often consult their pediatrician or family physician. Theories on the
      development of stuttering are briefly examined in this article, and guidelines
      are provided to help the physician determine if the child's dysfluencies are
      within the normal range. Referral to a speech therapist should be considered when
      any of the following are noted: excessive repetition of the first syllable of
      words; tremor of the muscles of mouth or jaw, increase in pitch or loudness, or
      evidence of fear or emotion as the child struggles with a word; evidence that the
      child avoids certain words or situations; and excessive concern of parents,
      teachers or the dysfluent individual. Two approaches to therapy, traditional and
      behavioural, are described. The latter has resulted in significant gains in
      fluency among stutterers.

PMID- 688130
TI  - Physician management seminars.

PMID- 688129
TI  - New federal gun-control law takes a scattergun approach.

PMID- 688131
TI  - Microwave radiation: level of acceptable exposure subject of wide disagreement.

PMID- 688132
TI  - Podiatrists and optometrists mounting provincial lobby campaigns to get greater
      treatment authority.

PMID- 688133
TI  - [Security measures for research on DNA recombination will be established].

PMID- 688134
TI  - The medical applications of marihuana and heroin: high time the laws were
      changed.

PMID- 688135
TI  - Physicians entering US for postgraduate medical education subject to new
      requirements.

PMID- 688136
TI  - Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.

PMID- 688137
TI  - The history of medical science and the social imperative.

PMID- 688138
TI  - Cesarean section: what is an acceptable rate?

PMID- 688139
TI  - Relation between the use of artificial sweeteners and bladder cancer.

PMID- 688140
TI  - Zeroid: alternative treatment of hemorrhoids.

PMID- 688141
TI  - Treatment by manipulation.

PMID- 688142
TI  - The need of Campylobacter subspecies identification.

PMID- 688143
TI  - Signing of absentee medical certificates.

PMID- 688144
TI  - Drugs and the elderly.

PMID- 688145
TI  - The danger in food safety policies.

PMID- 688146
TI  - Detection of pericardial effusion by chest roentgenography and
      electrocardiography versus echocardiography.
AB  - To determine the sensitivity and specificity of chest roentgenography and
      electrocardiography in the detection of pericardial effusion, echocardiography
      was used as the diagnostic standard. Chest roentgenograms and electrocardiograms
      of 124 patients, 57 of whom had pericardial effusion, were read without knowledge
      of the echocardiographic interpretation. The sensitivity of roentgenographic
      diagnosis was low (20%), as was that of diagnosis from decreased voltage on the
      electrocardiogram (26%). The specificity of the chest roentgenogram was 89% and
      that of the low-voltage electrocardiogram 97%. The high specificity of the low
      voltage electrocardiogram may have been due in part to the exclusion of obese and
      emphysematous subjects from the study. When cardiomegaly detected
      roentgenographically or a low-voltage electrocardiogram or both were considered
      as evidence of pericardial effusion, sensitivity improved to 82% but specificity
      declined to 29%. It is concluded the chest roentgenography and
      electrocardiography are unsatisfactory as screening investigations for the
      detection of pericardial effusion.

PMID- 688147
TI  - Hereditary angioneurotic edema and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease in the same
      family.
AB  - In one family two genetic diseases were transmitted as autosomal dominant traits;
      hereditary angioneurotic edema was inherited from the paternal side and Charcot
      Marie Tooth disease from the maternal side of the family. The conditions occurred
      separately in 8 and 11 members respectively and together (an exceedingly rare
      occurrence) in 3. Of six siblings, two girls and four boys, all had Charcot-Marie
      Tooth disease, and three, the two girls and one of the boys, also had hereditary
      angioneurotic edema.

PMID- 688148
TI  - Unusual fractures associated with osteoporosis in premenopausal women.
AB  - Two premenopausal women (aged 40 and 34 years) and multiple undisplaced, often
      asymptomatic fractures of the femurs, ribs, metatarsals and other bones. The
      fractures, which appeared on roentgenograms as transverse radiolucent zones with
      variable callus formation, healed slowly or not at all despite treatment with
      calcium and vitamin D. They resembled pseudofractures (Looser's transformation
      zones) radiologically, but the biochemical and histologic findings were those of
      idiopathic osteoporosis rather than osteomalacia. Since neither patient had been
      subjected to unusual stress it was concluded that the fractures had resulted from
      normal activity in abnormal bone.

PMID- 688149
TI  - Silo-filler's disease.

PMID- 688150
TI  - Art therapy: when pictures speak louder than words.

PMID- 688151
TI  - Many travel personnel lax about warning against risk of malaria.

PMID- 688152
TI  - Health care and research in Canada, 1978. Part II.

PMID- 688153
TI  - Baycrest Centre for Geriatic Care. Part I: medical care in the community.

PMID- 688154
TI  - Computer-assisted medicine: the origin of the species.

PMID- 688155
TI  - Physician manpower seminars. Part III: modern systems in a medical office.

PMID- 688156
TI  - Physician manpower seminars. Part IV: patient management.

PMID- 688157
TI  - Health: an integral part of human development.

PMID- 688158
TI  - A challenge for human development: primary health care.

PMID- 688159
TI  - Safety restraints for children in automobiles: who uses them?

PMID- 688160
TI  - Problems in scoliosis screening.

PMID- 688161
TI  - Impact of specialty centres on neonatal heart disease, Ontario, 1975.

PMID- 688162
TI  - Attitudes of the public towards cigarette smoke in public places.

PMID- 688163
TI  - Sexual contraceptive attitudes and behaviour of high school and college females.

PMID- 688164
TI  - Drinking behaviour among Saskatchewan adolescents.

PMID- 688165
TI  - The measles epidemic in Calgary, 1974-1975: the duration of protection conferred
      by vaccine.

PMID- 688166
TI  - Antibiotic resistance patterns of organisms isolated from cervico-vaginal mucus
      of cows.

PMID- 688167
TI  - The surgical treatment of upper esophageal obstruction in the bovine.

PMID- 688168
TI  - Spontaneous Aleutian disease in ferrets.

PMID- 688169
TI  - Acute salt poisoning in cattle.

PMID- 688170
TI  - [Diseases of the abomasum in dairy cows in Quebec. II. Retrospective study of
      1000 cases].

PMID- 688171
TI  - Antibody titers and plasma glucocorticoid concentrations near weaning in steer
      and heifer calves.

PMID- 688172
TI  - Maedi-visna virus infection in rams in Nova Scotia.

PMID- 688173
TI  - The euthanasia of dogs and cats: a statement by the Humane Practices Committee of
      the Canadian Veterinary Medical Association.

PMID- 688174
TI  - Patterns of relapse in advanced Hodgkin's disease treated with combination
      chemotherapy.
AB  - One hundred sixty-one patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease achieved complete
      remission after combination chemotherapy. Of these, 52 (32%) have subsequently
      relapsed and the patterns of relapse have been studied. The probability of
      relapse increases with increasing stage and particularly with the presence of
      systemic symptoms. Patients with Nodular Sclerosis histology are more likely to
      relapse than those with other histologies. Patients relapse primarily (92%) in
      sites of previous disease and particularly in nodal sites (75%). Nodal sites most
      frequently involved at relapse are the central nodal areas and the left
      supraclavicular area. When patients relapse in new sites they tend to be either
      adjacent to sites of previous disease which relapse or to be contiguous with
      previously involved sites of disease. In the small number of patients who
      received prophylactic radiation therapy to sites of nodal disease after complete
      remission, the pattern of relapse was not significantly altered.

PMID- 688175
TI  - Future prospects in lymphoma and leukemia.
AB  - Possible advances in leukemia and lymphomas can, in my opinion, derive from
      continued consideration of viral etiopathogenesis, possibly demonstrated by
      therapeutic impact of antiviral therapy. Terminology is in constant flux, and a
      classification based on biochemical (such as asparagine dependence) and
      immunologic (such as surface marker) characteristics should displace older terms
      such as chronic and acute. There is a constellation of neoplasms of lymphoid
      cells and their derivatives--leukemias, lymphomas, and plasmacytomas which need
      an integrated taxonomy. New diagnostic tests, new strategies of adapting therapy
      to tumor cell kinetics perturbed by the preceding treatment, and interesting
      clinical and preclinical combination of drugs provide new basis for favorable
      expectations. Immunotherapy is just emerging as a potent therapeutic tool. A
      technique for standardizing clinical results of different institutions to the age
      and sex of the population who develop the disease in question is much needed.
      Controls in trials of leukemias and lymphomas are found to be dispensable if one
      is measuring qualitative differences; for quantitative assessment of remission
      frequency or response duration, however, controls are requisite.

PMID- 688176
TI  - Chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
AB  - Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the commonest type of leukemia seen in
      Western countries. It affects an older group of individuals than most other
      varieties of leukemia, and men more often than women, in a ratio of 2:1. The
      incidence of CLL is significantly increased in some families. In most instances,
      CLL is due to the overgrowth or accumulation of immunoglobulin producing B
      lymphocytes. Hypogammaglobulinemia is a common feature, and anomalous
      immunoglobulin components occur in 3 to 5% of patients. The early symptoms and
      signs of CLL include fatigue, reduced exercise tolerance, enlarged lymph nodes,
      and splenomegaly. Fever, weight loss, and impairment of bone marrow function,
      with anemia, bleeding and susceptibility to infection are characteristic of
      severe or advanced disease. In the great majority of patients, the disease can be
      controlled for 6 to 10 or more years with simple regimens using chlorambucil or
      cyclophosphamide, often in combination with prednisone. Radiotherapy and
      splenectomy are useful in some instances. The terminal phase of the disease is
      characterized by exacerbation or increasing severity of the leukemia and the
      development of opportunistic infections associated with immunodeficiency.

PMID- 688177
TI  - The place of radiation therapy in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 688178
TI  - Induction of thyroid follicular adenomas and carcinomas by N-nitrosobis(2
      oxopropyl)amine.
AB  - Subcutaneous injection of N-nitrosobis(2-oxypropyl)amine (BOP) induced thyroid
      follicular adenomas and carcinomas in MRC rats. The tumor yield was 50% following
      a single dose and 60% after weekly treatment for life. In males the tumor
      incidence was slightly higher and the latency period shorter, while in females,
      the tumors were larger. Sites of origin, size, multiplicity and morphologic
      patterns of tumors were analyzed in relation to dose and sex. The possible
      mechanisms involved in tumorigenesis are discussed.

PMID- 688179
TI  - The effects of orally administered L-arginine HCl on the development of myeloma
      tumors in BABL/C mice following the injection of single cell suspensions, cell
      aggregates or tumor fragments; and on the growth of two ascites tumour cell
      lines.
AB  - When arginine-HCl was added to the drinking water of Balb/c mice the formation of
      subcutaneous tumours following the injection of single cell suspensions of MPC-11
      cells was prevented, however, tumours did develop after injecting tumour
      fragments or aggregates of suspension-cultured cells. Arginine-HCl had no
      inhibitory effect upon the production of Krebs II and 6C3HED lymphoma ascites
      tumours in Balb/c and C3H mice respectively.

PMID- 688180
TI  - Phenobarbital stimulation of cytochrome P-450 and aminopyrine N-demethylase in
      hyperplastic liver nodules during LD-ethionine carcinogenesis.
AB  - Microsomes isolated from hyperplastic liver nodules and hepatomas, induced by DL
      ethionine, exhibited a reduced cytochrome P-450 content and aminopyrine N
      demethylase activity when compared to the organelles of control and surrounding
      non-nodular liver. Phenobarbital administration to rats caused an increase of
      microsomal protein, cytochrome P-450 and aminopyrine N-demethylase in all tissue
      tested. In the hepatoma the rise of cytochrome P-450 and aminopyrine N
      demethylase/g of tissue was very low and it is compensated by a slight increase
      of microsomal protein. In hyperplastic nodules as well as in control and
      surrounding livers, cytochrome P-450 and aminopyrine N-demethylase increased more
      than microsomal protein. However, the phenobarbital-induced stimulation was
      significantly lower in hyperplastic nodules than in control and surrounding
      livers.

PMID- 688181
TI  - The lack of effect of fasting and alloxan-diabetes on the rate of fatty acid
      synthesis by some Morris hepatomas.
AB  - We have measured fatty acid synthesis (estimated by incorporation of [1-14C]
      acetate by tissue slices) by 3 transplantable Morris hepatomas of different
      growth rates--9618A, 7794A and 5123C--in response to fasting and alloxan
      diabetes. Fasting did not alter fatty acid synthesis by the 3 hepatomas, bringing
      to 5 the number of tumors not tested and found similarly insensitive. Diabetes
      caused reduced fatty acid synthesis in 7794A and 5123C but not by 9618A. Host
      liver fatty acid synthesis was influenced by the presence of the tumor.

PMID- 688182
TI  - Isolation of a factor with toxohormone properties from mouse tumor cells in
      culture.
AB  - A small molecular weight factor with  potent toxohormone activity was recovered
      from the serum-free culture supernatant of mouse MBQA fibrosarcoma cells. The
      factor depressed plasma-bound iron levels in mice and inhibited cell-free protein
      synthesis in microgram doses. Preliminary characterizations suggest that the
      active material is a small peptide.

PMID- 688183
TI  - Two crops of primary lung tumors in BALB/c mice after a single transplacental
      exposure to urethane.
AB  - Transplacental exposure of BALB/c mice to urethane on day 17 of gestation
      resulted in the appearance of 2 distinct crops of primary lung tumors (adenomas).
      The first, smaller crop occurred in 6--12% of the offspring by 12 weeks of age.
      The second crop, seen after 9 months of age, consisted of tumors in 45% of the
      offspring. This finding indicates a potentially useful model system for studying
      tumor latency. It also suggests caution in the choice of short endpoints in time
      carcinogenesis assays based on lung tumors in certain strains of mouse.

PMID- 688184
TI  - The effect of combination chemotherapy on the reticuloendothelial system in man.
AB  - The effect of adjuvant combination chemotherapy (vincristine, CCNU/MeCCNU, 5
      fluorouracil) on the phagocytic and catabolic properties of the
      reticuloendothelial system (RES) was studied in 4 patients before and during the
      anticancer treatment. The results indicate a transient impairment of both these
      functions, more prolonged with regard to phagocytosis. No significant changes
      were noted in the mobile macrophage system. This suggests that chemotherapy
      induces a depression especially of the stationary macrophage populations in the
      liver, spleen and bone-marrow.

PMID- 688186
TI  - Epithelial alterations in fetal tracheal explants of Syrian golden hamsters
      exposed to diethylnitrosamine in utero.
AB  - The fetal tracheae (13th--15th day of gestation) of Syrian golden hamsters
      exposed in utero to diethylnitrosamine (DEN: 200--400mg/kg body wt.) were divided
      into cranial and caudal halves. Both sections were then organ-cultured for 4--6
      weeks. The cranial explants developed 1.5 times as many epithelial tracheal
      lining alterations as the caudal explants. These changes were found 25--42 days
      after the beginning of explant culture and histologically demonstrated
      hyperplasia, metaplasia and dysplasia. No alterations occurred in the control
      explants.

PMID- 688185
TI  - Carcinogenicity of N-nitrosoephedrine in rats.
AB  - N-nitrosoephedrine was administered orally to 32 male Srague--Dawley rats at
      doses of 120 mg/kg body wt. twice weekly. Of the treated animals, 50% died with
      preneoplastic and malignant lesions mainly in the liver, lung and forestomach.
      The median time of death of tumor bearing animals was 522 days after the
      beginning of the experiment. The observation of hyperkeratosis, papillomas, and 1
      squamous cell carcinoma of the forestomach suggests that the compound not only
      exhibits systemic effects but is probably also a weak local carcinogen.

PMID- 688187
TI  - Cell surface antigen expression in cytoplasts and karyoplasts of mouse L cells.
AB  - Karyoplasts and cytoplasts, obtained by enucleation of mouse L cell sublines,
      express H-2k and L virion antigens in amounts comparable to intact cells.

PMID- 688188
TI  - Alterations of brain and intestine serotonin levels in hamsters pretreated with
      dietary aflatoxin.
AB  - Male Syrian hamsters were fed 30.3 ppm mixed aflatoxins (AFT) for a 45-day period
      followed by a 123-day recovery period. Tests made at the end of the recovery
      period indicated a reduction in whole brain and duodenal serotonin and a slight
      but not statistically significant elevation in brain 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid.
      There was a high incidence of liver cell hyperplasia in the aflatoxin fed
      animals. Following toxin withdrawal, the experimental animals showed significant
      gains in body weight but they never attained a body weight equal to the controls.
      Aflatoxin apparently interferes with serotonin production and the return to
      normal body weight even after withdrawal of the animal from the contaminated
      diet.

PMID- 688189
TI  - Comparison of the metabolic profiles of benzo[alpha]pyrene obtained from primary
      cell cultures and subcellular fractions derived from normal and
      methylcholanthrene-induced rat liver.
AB  - Hepatocyte primary cell (HPC) cultures derived from either (a) non-induced
      (normal) or (b) methylcholanthrene (MC)-induced rat liver actively metabolized
      the carcinogen benzol[alpha]pyrene (BaP) over a 24-h period. In both cases, the
      BaP metabolites generated were qualitatively similar to those seen in the
      metabolism of BaP by isolated rat liver microsomal fractions; in addition,
      unidentified compounds were evident in the chromatographic profile generated by
      the cultured cells. In cells derived from (a), levels of known metabolites
      (phenols and diols) increased over the time period studied. On the other hand, in
      cells derived from (b), levels of diols decreased markedly after 8 h. These
      results suggest that induction with MC enhances both activation and, to a greater
      extent, conjugative-detoxification pathways of BaP, so that in cells obtained
      from (b) the formation of water-soluble metabolites is enhanced and levels of
      organic soluble metabolites are lower than in cells obtained from (a). Metabolism
      of BaP in primary cell culture derived from rat liver is thus seen to be similar
      to in vivo metabolism of the carcinogen, but somewhat in contrast to the in vitro
      microsomal (subcellular) metabolism of BaP where conjugative-detoxification
      pathways are virtually inoperative.

PMID- 688190
TI  - Inhibition of azoxymethane-induced intestinal cancer by disulfiram.
AB  - Sprague--Dawley rats, both intact and colostomized animals, were given 24 weekly
      injections of azoxymethane. Rats were fed either Rat Purina Chow or the same diet
      plus 0.25% disulfiram. In the intact animals, disulfiram reduced tumors from an
      average of 6.3 to 0.95. The number of rats developing tumors was reduced from
      100% to 60%. In colostomized animals, the reduction was from an average of 5.0 to
      0.13. Marked inhibition occurred even in the defunctionalized colon. The results
      suggest that disulfiram blocks the metabolism of azoxymethane to
      methylazoxymethanol, and also that the inhibitor may act systemically.

PMID- 688191
TI  - Tumours of the anal region induced in mice by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine.
AB  - CBA female mice treated with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine developed a high incidence of
      benign and malignant tumours in the anal region. Many of these tumours originated
      from the perianal glands rather than the epidermis.

PMID- 688192
TI  - Tocopherol and local X-ray irradiation of two transplantable rat tumours.
AB  - The influence of tocopherol in an intramuscular dose of 5 mg/100 g body wt. on
      the effect of local X-ray irradiation of 2 intramuscularly transplanted tumours
      in the rat was studied. A significantly enhanced effect of irradiation by
      tocopherol was found, in contrast to the tumour radioprotecting effect with large
      doses of tocopherol earlier described in literature.

PMID- 688193
TI  - Liver ornithine decarboxylase during phenobarbital promotion of nitrosamine
      carcinogenesis.
AB  - The incidence of liver tumors induced in rats by N-diethylnitrosamine was
      increased by the feeding of phenobarbital. Liver ornithine decarboxylase activity
      did not increase in animals receiving phenobarbital in the diet, and the
      concentration of polyamines in the liver was similarly unchanged. No relationship
      between the promotion of N-nitrosamine-induced liver tumors by phenobarbital and
      the ornithine decarboxylase activity of the liver was indicated by these
      experiments.

PMID- 688194
TI  - Effects of dietary butylated hydroxytoluene and phenobarbital on the activities
      of ornithine decarboxylase and thymidine kinase in rat liver and lung.
AB  - Rats were entrained to a 12 h dark/12 h light cycle with food (60% protein +/-
      0.5% butylated hydroxytoluene or 0.05% phenobarbital) available only during the
      first 2 h of the dark period. Under these conditions liver ornithine
      decarboxylase (ODC) activity in control animals displayed a characteristic
      diurnal oscillation. In livers of rats fed butylated hydroxytoluene or
      phenobarbital ODC activity was not increased whereas thymidine kinase (TK)
      activity was stimulated 4--10 fold at 3 days. In lungs from the same animals ODC
      and TK activities were unchanged. In rats fed butylated hydroxytoluene for 3 days
      [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA was increased in liver but decreased in
      lung.

PMID- 688195
TI  - DNA repair synthesis in primary cultures of kidneys from BALB/c and C3H mice
      treated with dimethylnitrosamine.
AB  - A combined 'in vivo--in vitro' autoradiographic method was employed to examine
      the DNA repair induced in the kidney by a single dose of dimethylnitrosamine
      (DMNA). Unscheduled DNA synthesis was found to be dose-dependent in primary
      kidney cultures of DMNA-treated mice, and practically not detectable in controls.
      Its amount was positively correlated with the different susceptibility of C3H and
      BALB/c mice to kidney tumor induction by DMNA. This experimental model appears
      sensitive and able to provide repeatable results. It may be useful to detect the
      organotropic activity of a carcinogen toward the kidney.

PMID- 688196
TI  - Dimethylnitrosamine-induced structural damage to DNA results from repair of O6
      methylguanine rather than repair of 7-methylguanine.
AB  - DNA isolated from the livers of rats treated with a non-necrotizing dose of
      [14C]dimethylnitrosamine was fractionated by chromatography of benzoylated-DEAE
      cellulose. The preparations of native DNA and DNA containing single stranded
      regions were then hydrolysed and amounts of methylated guanine determined. Four
      hours after dimethylnitrosamine treatment there was no difference in the levels
      of 7-methylguanine and O6-methylguanine in the 2 DNA fractions. By 24 h, although
      there was no difference in the amount of 7-methylguanine between the DNA
      fractions, there was a 10-fold difference in the level of O6-methylguanine. The
      elimination of O6-methylguanine from the fraction of DNA containing single
      stranded regions is discussed in terms of differing repair processes initiated by
      7-methylguanine and O6-methylguanine.

PMID- 688197
TI  - The use of the D-T diaphorase for the detection of foci of early neoplastic
      transformation in rat liver.
AB  - This report demonstrates that activity of the enzymes D-T diaphorase and G-6-P
      dehydrogenases is greatly increased (6- and 4-fold respectively) in hyperplastic
      nodules produced in the rat liver by dietary acetylaminofluorene. A histochemical
      technique based on these observations has been developed that permits the
      visuatlization of early foci of neoplastic transformation in rat liver. The
      possible physiological implications of these findings are discussed.

PMID- 688198
TI  - 2-acetylaminofluorene-induced unscheduled DNA synthesis in hepatocytes isolated
      from 3-methylcholanthrene treated rats.
AB  - The dose-dependent induction of unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) by 2
      acetylaminofluorene (AAF) and N-OH-2-acetylaminofluorene (N-OH AAF) in primary
      rat hepatocytes isolated from untreated and 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) treated
      rats was investigated. 3-MC treatment was not necessary for the dose-dependent
      induction of UDS induced by N-OH AAF, suggesting the presence of enzyme levels
      adequate for its esterification to an active form in isolated primary
      hepatocytes. Although all doses of AAF increased the level of [3H]thymidine
      incorporation above that of the control, a dose-dependent response could not be
      demonstrated, suggesting inadequate constitutive levels of N-hydroxylating
      enzymes. Treatment of rats with 3-MC 24 h prior to hepatocyte isolation resulted
      in a dose-dependent induction of UDS by AAF. 3-MC treatment increased the amount
      of UDS per cell, as well as the percentage of cells induced to repair their DNA.

PMID- 688200
TI  - Influence of tocopherol on tumour cell oxygenation.
AB  - Tocopherol, a well known tissue anti-oxidant, given before local X-ray
      irradiation of 2 transplantable rat tumours was previously found to increase
      significantly the effect of irradiation. In the present study tocopherol did not
      influence the development of tumour necroses during growth of a transplantable
      rat hepatoma. The tumour tissue oxygenation of a transplantable rat sarcoma was
      neither found to be influenced by tocopherol. This suggests that an enhanced
      tumour radio-sensitivity by tocopherol is probably not explained by an influence
      on tumour cell oxygenation.

PMID- 688199
TI  - Comparative tumor initiating activity of 10-methylbenzo-[a]pyrene, 7,10
      dimethylbenzo[a]pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene.
AB  - The tumor initiating activity on mouse skin of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), 7,10
      dimethylBaP, and 10-methylBaP was determined. Each compound was tested at
      initiating doses of 50 microgram and 100 microgram with promotion by application
      3 times weekly of 2.5 microgram tetradecanoylphorbol acetate. BaP induced tumors
      in 40% (100 microgram) and 25% (50 microgram) of the animals. No tumors were
      observed in either group treated with 7,10-dimethylBaP. In the groups treated
      with 10-methyl-Bap, the incidence of tumor bearing animals was 20% at both doses.
      These results and the results of previous studies on other methylated BaP
      derivatives suggest that the mechanism of activation of these compounds is
      similar to that observed for the parent hydrocarbon and probably involves
      formation of an angular ring diol-epoxide or epoxide.

PMID- 688201
TI  - Tumorigenicity of benzo[alpha]pyrene 4,5-,7,8-,9,10- and 11,12-oxides in newborn
      mice.
AB  - Benzo[alpha]pyrene (BP) and its 4,5-,7,8-,9,10 and 11,12-oxides were tested for
      carcinogenicity by intraperitoneal injection into newborn mice. The mice were
      treated sequentially with 200, 400 and 800 nmol of hydrocarbon on days 1,8 and 15
      of life, and the animals were killed at 24 weeks of age. Mice treated with BP,
      BP7,8-oxide and BP 11,12-oxide had a 93%, 72% and 20% incidence of pulmonary
      adenomas, respectively, with an average of 10.0, 2.1 and 0.32 adenomas/mouse,
      respectively. Eight percent of the control animals had pulmonary adenomas with an
      average of 0.08 adenomas per mouse. The moderate tumorigenic activity of the
      relatively unstable BP 7,8-oxide, together with earlier data on the strong
      carcinogenic activity of BP, 7,8-dihydrodiol, supports the idea that BP 7,8-oxide
      is a proximate carcinogenic metabolite of BP in the newborn mouse.

PMID- 688202
TI  - Influence of agents which modulate thromboxane A2 synthesis or action on R3230AC
      mammary carcinoma.
AB  - The effects of agents which modulate thromboxane A2 synthesis or action, were
      tested in the R3230AC transplanted mammary tumour. Three different inhibitors of
      thromboxane A2 synthesis or action (copper, dipyridamole and diazepam) all caused
      an increase in tumour growth. Colchicine and melatonin, both stimulators of
      thromboxane A2 synthesis, inhibited the growth of the tumour significantly.

PMID- 688203
TI  - Comparison of bladder carcinogenesis by nitrosomethyldodecylamine in Sprague-
      Dawley and Fischer rats carrying transplanted bladder tissue.
AB  - Nitrosomethyldodecylamine was given by gavage in oliver oil solution (25 mg
      twice/week) to male and female Sprague--Dawley and Fischer rats to the back of
      each of which had been transplanted a suspension of urinary bladder tissue from
      the same strain. While there was 100% incidence of transitional cell carcinomas
      in the host urinary bladders, and few other tumors in the animals, there was a
      tumor in only 1 transplant in a Sprague--Dawley rat, with a possible tumor in
      another, and none in the Fischer rat, although these were inbred. In a
      significant number of cases the transplant survived.

PMID- 688204
TI  - Pancreatic ductulitis in Syrian golden hamsters bearing homologous transplantable
      pancreatic adenocarcinomas.
AB  - A highly specific pancreatitis primarily affecting the intralobular and
      intrainsular ductules has been demonstrated in Syrian golden hamsters bearing
      homologous, non-syngeneic, transplantable pancreatic adenocarcinomas induced by N
      nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine (BOP). The ductulitis provides further evidence that
      induced pancreatic neoplasms originate from ductules.

PMID- 688205
TI  - Carcinogenicity of nickel subsulfide for respiratory tract mucosa.
AB  - The carcinogenicity of nickel subsulfide, Ni3S2, for respiratory tract epithelium
      was studied in heterotopic tracheal transplants with doses of 1 and 3 mg Ni3S2
      per trachea. Chemical determinations indicated that Ni3S2 persisted in the
      tracheas for seven to nine months. Ni3S2 showed marked toxicity for mucociliary
      epithelium, resulting in widespread atrophy and focal epithelial necrosis during
      the first two months of exposure. The submucosa showed mononuclear infiltration
      and signs of fibroblastic and capillary proliferation. Tumor studies indicated
      that Ni3S2 can induce carcinomas in tracheal epithelium. The carcinoma incidence
      was 10% at 1 mg and approximately 1.5% at 3 mg. The higher dose produced a 67%
      incidence of fibro- and myosarcomas. The data suggest that, compared to some
      carcinogenic polycyclic hydrocarbons, Ni3S2 may not be a strong carcinogen for
      the epithelium of conducting airways. The data are discussed in light of other
      experimental studies and of epidemiological findings on respiratory tract cancers
      in nickel workers.

PMID- 688206
TI  - Metabolism of [14C]spermidine and [14C]putrescine in normal volunteers and in
      cancer patients.
AB  - The administration of [14C]putrescine or [14C]spermidine (i.v., 100 muCi) to
      normal volunteers or patients with advanced cancer resulted in alpha-phase half
      lives of 40 and 30 sec and beta-phase half-lives of 30 and 60 min, respectively.
      No significant differences were found between the plasma decay curves of normals
      and those of cancer patients. Urinary excretion was similar with both groups
      excreting approximately 45% of [ 14C]putrescine within 24 hr and 60 to 76% of
      [14C]spermidine within 48 hr. Dowex chromatography indicated that more than 90%
      of the radiolabel in the urine was in a conjugated form. Plasma conjugation
      studies of [14C]putrescine and [14C]spermidine in both groups indicated near
      total conjugation of the radiolabel within 4 to 5 min of i.v. injection. Since
      putrescine and spermidine are markers of disease activity, characterization of
      the conjugates will be important for the development of rapid, specific tests of
      altered disease activity in response to multimodality therapy.

PMID- 688207
TI  - Structure of normal testis and testicular tumors in cyprinids from Lake Ontario.
AB  - Two types of testicular tumor were evident in cyprinid fishes collected from Lake
      Ontario. Both types of tumors appeared to be of Sertoli cell origin. One
      contained predominantly Sertoli cells with little or no lipid content and
      germinal cells in only small numbers. The second contained large numbers of
      spermatogonia together with Sertoli cells that contained large amounts of lipid
      and smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Small, apparently inactive Leydig cells were
      present in both types of tumors and also in testes of fish not bearing gonadal
      tumors.

PMID- 688208
TI  - Enhanced development of mammary tumors in rats following transplacental and
      neonatal exposure to ethylnitrosourea.
AB  - Transplacental and neonatal induction of mammary tumors (MT's) with
      ethylnitrosourea (ENU) was studied in Sprague-Dawley rats. A low transplacental
      ENU dose (10 mg/kg) did not increase the number of MT's or shorten their latency
      period. High ENU doses (30 mg/kg neonatal, 60 mg/kg transplacental, or 120 mg/kg
      transplacental) when corrected for differences in life span caused a significant
      shortening of the tumor induction period and an overall increase in the tumor
      incidence. With high ENU doses, the MT's were frequently multiple in the same
      animal and were more often malignant. Tumors developed mostly in females; only a
      few were observed in males. It is concluded that with a sufficient dose of the
      carcinogen in susceptible animals, transplacental and neonatal ENU mammary
      carcinogenesis takes place. The experiment was originally designed to evaluate
      ENU-induced neurogenic tumors; the results on MT's were obtained incidentally.

PMID- 688209
TI  - Growth patterns and metastatic behavior of human tumors growing in athymic mice.
AB  - The growth characteristics and metastatic behavior of human tumors growing in
      athymic nude mice were studied. Human tumor cell lines HEp-2 (carcinoma or
      larynx) and SW480 (colon carcinoma) were transplanted into athymic nude mice of
      BALB/c origin. Tumor cells (1 x 10(6) and 2 x 10(7)) were given either s.c. or
      i.p. Following s.c. injection tumors developed rapidly to become easily palpable
      with 2 weeks forming a s.c. tumor focus surrounded by a thick fibrous capsule.
      Animals with s.c. transplants were little affected by the growing tumor. At the
      time they were sacrificed at Day 34 (HEp-2) and 62 (SW480), a large part of the
      tumor was necrotic. Capsular infiltration and invasion of lymphatic vessels and
      perineural and perivascular lymphatic spaces were observed. Metastases to
      regional lymph nodes were seen in animals kept alive for up to 6 months.
      Following i.p. transplantation, tumors spread widely in the peritoneal cavity,
      invaded intraabdominal organs, and metastasized to mediastinal lymph nodes and
      lungs. Fifteen of 26 animals (60%) developed metastases. Necrosis of the i.p.
      growing tumors was minimal. All animals in this group died as a result of tumor
      growth.

PMID- 688210
TI  - Comparison of human colonic mucoprotein antigen from normal and neoplastic
      mucosa.

PMID- 688211
TI  - Promotion of azoxymethane-induced colonic neoplasia by resection of the proximal
      small bowel.
AB  - Potential enhancement of intestinal neoplasia by compensatory mucosal hyperplasia
      was tested in rats subjected to 50% proximal small bowel resection (PSBR) 10 days
      after the last of 16 weekly injections of azoxymethane. Azoxymethane alone
      increased jejunal contents of RNA and DNA each by 26% at 17 to 18 weeks (p less
      than 0.01) before there was macroscopic evidence of neoplasia. Three months after
      PSBR alone, ileal hyperplasia was characterized by increased amounts of RNA (42
      to 76%) and DNA (68 to 95%), taller villi, deeper crypts, and luminal dilation (p
      less than 0.05 to 0.001); however, the colon showed only patchy hyperplasia. When
      the combined effects of azoxymethane and PSBR were observed 26 to 30 weeks after
      the first injection, rats with PSBR had an increased number of colonic tumors per
      animal (2.9 versus 1.6 for controls; p less than 0.02). Despite the intense ileal
      hyperplasia produced by PSBR, ileal neoplasia did not occur. Enhanced colonic
      carcinogenesis followed sequential exposure of the mucosa to the carcinogen
      (azoxymethane) and to the promoting factor (PSBR).

PMID- 688212
TI  - An in vitro quantitative assay for tumor cell invasion.
AB  - An in vitro quantitative assay of tumor cell invasion is described. The assay
      measures the rate at which [125I]iododeoxyuridine-labeled tumor cells migrate
      through the chorioallantoic membrane of developing chicken embryos. Invasion
      chambers were prepared from amber latex cylinders, chorioallantoic membrane, and
      thread ligatures. The chambers were placed in glass vials to rest on discs of
      photographic sponge immersed in tissue culture medium. Labeled tumor cells were
      added to the chamber, and the vial was incubated at 37 degrees. At various time
      points individual chambers were monitored to determine the number of viable,
      labeled cells that had passed through the membrane and were present in the
      medium, on the glass vial, or in the sponge. The application of the assay may be
      of use in delineating the mechanisms of tumor cell invasion.

PMID- 688213
TI  - Ornithine as a possible marker of cancer.
AB  - The nonprotein amino acid ornithine is the major source of polyamines in
      mammalian physiological systems. Increased urinary polyamine levels have been
      demonstrated in humans with varied types of cancers. The metabolism of DL-[1
      14C]ornithine monohydrochloride in rats with either Walker 256 carcinoma or
      chemically induced methylcholanthrene tumors was studied. Following the i.p.
      injection of 3 muCi[14C]ornithine per 100 g body weight, the decarboxylation of
      ornithine-yielding 14CO2 was monitored by utilizing the vibrating reed
      electrometer-ionization chamber model of Davidson and Schwabe. Tumor-bearing
      animals showed significant increases in ornithine metabolism as compared to
      controls; for Walker 256 the tumor-bearing animal to control ratio rose from 1.16
      to 1.78, for methylcholanthrene implants it rose from 1.19 to 1.82, and for
      methylcholanthrene paintings it rose from 1.00 to 2.20. With tumor regression
      ornithine levels of metabolism in the tumor-bearing animals returned to base line
      or nearly base-line levels. These results encourage us in our attempt to develop
      ornithine as a biological marker of cancer.

PMID- 688214
TI  - Investigation of structure-function relationships of cytotoxic quinones of
      natural and synthetic origin.

PMID- 688215
TI  - Mouse skin carcinogenicity tests of the flame retardants tris(2,3
      dibromopropyl)phosphate, tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride, and
      polyvinyl bromide.
AB  - The flame retardants tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate,
      tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride, and polyvinyl bromide were tested
      for carcinogenic activity by skin application 3 times weekly in random-bred
      female ICR/Ha Swiss mice for 420 to 496 days. Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate at
      two dose levels (30 mg and 10 mg/application) induced benign and malignant tumors
      of the skin, forestomach, and oral cavity (tongue and gingiva) in a statistically
      significant number of mice (30/group). A statistically significant incidence of
      papillary tumors of the lung was observed at both dosages, and the higher dose
      also resulted in one mouse with a tubular adenoma of the kidney.
      Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride (2 mg/application, 60 mice) and
      polyvinyl bromide (0.1 ml latex suspension/application, 30 mice) were inactive.
      Polyvinyl bromide was also injected s.c. into another group of female ICR/Ha
      Swiss mice once weekly for 48 weeks, and the mice were observed for a total of 60
      weeks. Liposarcomas were induced in 19 of 30 mice, which was ascribed to physical
      carcinogenesis. Appropriate solvent and no-treatment control groups were
      included.

PMID- 688216
TI  - Changing transplantation characteristics with serial in vivo passage of C3H/He
      mammary carcinomas.
AB  - The transplantation immunogenicity of spontaneous C3H/He mammary carcinomas was
      studied by means of the surgery-challenge procedure during serial in vivo
      passages in syngeneic mice. Reciprocal cross-sensitization and challenge tests
      between late transplant generations and early transplant generations (from liquid
      N2 storage) of the same tumors showed that factors responsible for
      transplantation resistance and factors causing stimulated tumor growth were
      present in the tumors at the same time as independent variables. The
      immunogenicity and the immunosensitivity of tumors were seen as dependent
      variables. The relative prominence of the characteristics of immunogenicity and
      growth stimulation changed with continuous in vivo passages. Transplantation
      immunogenicity was tumor specific in four of five tumors tested. Growth
      stimulation was, in each of four combinations tested, not tumor specific.

PMID- 688217
TI  - Desmosome ultrastructure and biological behavior of chemical carcinogen-induced
      urinary bladder carcinomas.
AB  - In the quantitative electron microscopic study, we examined the relationship of
      desmosomes to tumor invasiveness in chemical carcinogen (N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2
      thiazolyl]formamide)-induced urinary bladder transitional cell carcinomas in the
      Fischer rat. The number of a desmosomes per unit area of plasma membrane was
      significantly reduced in carcinomas. However, the percentage of cell surface area
      occupied by desmosomes was greater in carcinomas than in controls. This was
      accounted for on the basis of increases in desmosomal size, which result from
      squamous differentiation within the tumors. Areas of transitional cell
      differentiation and squamous differentiation demonstrated an equal capacity for
      invasiveness. Desmosomes were abundant in invading nests of tumor cells. These
      findings cast doubt on the validity of the concept of decreased intercellular
      adhesion as a prerequisite for tumor invasion, since strong interadhesion is
      probably a function of the area occupied by the intercellular junctions.

PMID- 688218
TI  - Effects of adriamycin on DNA synthesis in mouse and rat heart.
AB  - Adriamycin induces an inhibition of DNA synthesis in mouse tissues within one hr
      after treatment. While the effects are short-lived in liver and small intestine,
      DNA synthesis in heart remains below control values for up to 7 days. After this
      period DNA synthesis in hearts of treated mice is elevated and remains above
      control values for as long as 4 weeks. Both 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine and
      actinomycin D also induce inhibition of cardiac DNA synthesis soon after
      treatment; the effects of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine are over by the end
      of 24 hr while the effects of actinomycin D persist for at least 4 days.
      Actinomycin D treatment also induces an "over-shoot" of DNA synthesis in mouse
      heart. Adriamycin can induce a loss of prelabeled DNA from heart, although no
      pathological alterations are immediately obvious. The small intestine, however,
      shows extensive karyorrhexis. The initial effects on cardiac DNA synthesis occur
      in adrenalectomized animals, indicating that the effects are not mediated via the
      adrenal gland. We did find, however, that DNA synthesis in heart was sensitive to
      the effects of starvation. The results of this study indicate that inhibition of
      mouse heart DNA synthesis is not specific for Adriamycin and that the effects of
      Adriamycin in heart following a single treatment are long-lived.

PMID- 688220
TI  - Lethal and cytokinetic effects of anguidine on a human colon cancer cell line.
AB  - Anguidine is a fungal metabolite with antitumor activity in a murine colon cancer
      model. Because of disappointing results in clinical trials, we analyzed the
      lethal and cytokinetic effects of anguidine on cultured human colon cancer cells.
      The studies revealed a moderate reduction in survival only after prolonged drug
      exposure. Continuous incubation with anguidine for longer than 48 hr produced a
      moderate increase in the percentage of S-phase cells and a slight decrease in the
      proportion of cells in G1/0, by pulse cytophotometry. An immediate reduction in
      the cumulative labeling index for cells continuously exposed to tritiated
      thymidine and anguidine and a rapid decrease in the cumulative mitotic index for
      cells continuously exposed to Colcemid and anguidine indicated a block at the G1
      into S and G2 into mitosis transitions. Tumoricidal activity of anguidine in a
      cultured human colon cancer line is poor and requires prolonged exposure. The
      kinetic data reflect an almost frozen state of the cell cycle.

PMID- 688219
TI  - Effects of diet on colon carcinogenesis and the immune system in rats treated
      with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine.
AB  - The effects of different types of diets on colon carcinogenesis by 1,2
      dimethylhydrazine and on the immune system were studied in W/Fu rats. Six
      different types of diets were used in two sets of experiments. Rats in each group
      were fed the respective diets immediately upon weaning. 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine
      dihydrochloride was administered s.c. at a dosage of 15 mg/kg weekly in two
      divided doses. The rats were followed by sequential laparotomies for the
      development of gastrointestinal (GI) tumors until death. Tumors appeared earlier,
      and the total number of GI tumors, particularly those of the colon, was higher in
      rats fed diet enriched with fat from animal sources. In these rats the GI tumors
      metastasized more frequently, and their survival, after appearance of the first
      GI tumor, was significantly shortened. The diet low in animal fat and enriched
      with carbohydrate reduced the number of GI tumors and delayed their appearance.
      Semisynthetic elemental diet accelerated the appearance of colon tumors without
      increasing the total number of GI tumors over the life span of the animals. Serum
      cholesterol levels evaluated during carcinogenesis suggest a correlation between
      serum cholesterol levels and the increased frequency of colonic tumors. The
      alterations in serum immunoglobulin G levels, lymphocyte counts, and surface
      immunoglobulin-bearing lymphocytes evaluated at different times during
      carcinogenesis suggested a biphasic ("M type") immune response. Rats fed low
      residue diets and/or diets containing fat from animal sources had depressed serum
      immunoglobulin G levels. However, the pattern of immune response was similar in
      groups of rats fed different types of diets.

PMID- 688221
TI  - Maltose tetrapalmitate, a nontoxic immunopotentiator with antitumor activity.
AB  - The attempt to synthesize a lipid A-like component (the active portion of
      lipopolysaccharides, but lacking its endotoxic activity) resulted in the
      production of fatty acyl sugars of which maltose tetrapalmitate was seen to yield
      the most promising results. It shows no endotoxic activity and elicits an
      antitumor response in tumor-transplanted animals as shown by (a) an enhancement
      of the host's capacity to reject a large number of tumor cells, (b) retardation
      of growth in tumor size, and (c) induction of hemorrhagic necrosis in certain
      tumors. Experiments with mammary ascites carcinoma show maltose tetrapalmitate to
      be as effective as is bacterial glycolipid mR595 in its antitumor activity. The
      degree of sensitivity to maltose tetrapalmitate varies with the tumor-host
      system: mammary ascites carcinoma less than NH = Cl2TSV5S = B16 less than L26.
      The mode of action of maltose tetrapalmitate appears to be via its modulation of
      the immune system. It is itself noncytotoxic to tumor cells in vitro. It is seen
      to stimulate the spleen cells of certain animals mitogenically, although it
      causes tumor rejection in all the types of animals tested. Also, it activates
      peritoneal exudate macrophages in tumor-bearing animals; whether specifically or
      nonspecifically has not yet been established.

PMID- 688222
TI  - Assay of retinoids in biological samples by reverse-phase high-pressure liquid
      chromatography.
AB  - A separation procedure for retinoids based on reversephase high-pressure liquid
      chromatography with solvent mixtures of acetonitrile and water is described. The
      method may be applied to the screening of synthetic retinoids, which have
      potential for use in the prevention of cancer. It is easily adapted to a variety
      of biological samples and can be applied to other conventional retinoid assays in
      liver and plasma, detecting as little as 1 nmol retinyl esters and less than 0.3
      nmol retinol per g tissue. The one-step chromatography results in separation and
      simultaneous determination of many of the synthetic retinoids and all of the
      natural retinoids, including the retinyl esters that are separated into their
      major fatty acid components. The method has been applied to the analysis of
      retinoid levels in the liver and intestine of vitamin A-deficient hamsters
      following a p.o. dose (0.5 mg/day for 2 days) of retinyl acetate or of a
      synthetic vitamin A analog and is predictive of the degree to which various
      synthetic retinoids can be converted to retinol and stored in the liver as
      retinyl esters. Because of its speed, excellent recoveries, and high resolution,
      the method offers significant advantages over previous, more lengthy procedures.

PMID- 688223
TI  - Determination of ploidy and proliferative characteristics of human solid tumors
      by pulse cytophotometry.

PMID- 688224
TI  - Heterogeneity and variability of artificial lung colony-forming ability among
      clones from mouse fibrosarcoma.
AB  - Lung colony-forming ability of clones isolated from a fibrosarcoma was examined
      by i.v. injection of the cells cultured in vitro. The clones were heterogeneous
      in their lung colony-forming ability, demonstrating variability of this malignant
      characteristic.

PMID- 688225
TI  - Establishment and characterization of three new continuous cell lines derived
      from human breast carcinomas.
AB  - Three continuous lines of mammary tumor cells (ZR-75-1, ZR-75-27, and ZR-75-30)
      have been established from malignant effusions of two women with breast cancer.
      Differentiated properties expressed by each cell line include: (a) epithelial
      morphology (by light and electron microscopy) resembling that of the parental
      tumors; (b) presence of receptors for estrogen and other steroid hormones; and
      (c) growth responsiveness to estrogen and/or progesterone. All three cell lines
      possess human karyotypes that differ from one another in modal chromosome number
      as well as in characteristic marker chromosomes. Two of the cultures (ZR-75-27
      and ZR-75-30), although derived from the same patient, have stable differences in
      their karyotypes.

PMID- 688226
TI  - Immunosuppressive activity and tissue polypeptide antigen content of human
      ascitic fluids.
AB  - Ascitic fluids from patients with cancer, cirrhosis, and congestive heart failure
      and from a patient with noninfectious tuberculosis contain measurable levels of
      tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA). Only the cancer patients had levels higher than
      2.0 microgram TPA per ml. The average TPA levels of 29 cancer patients was 6.4
      microgram/ml compared to 0.9 microgram/ml for the controls. Seventeen of 22
      cancer ascitic fluids and 7 of 9 fluids from patients with liver disease were
      immunosuppressive as measured by the inhibition of [3H]thymidine incorporation
      into phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes. Fluids from a patient with
      congestive heart failure and a patient with noninfectious tuberculosis were not
      suppressive. We were unable to obtain a significant correlation coefficient
      between immunosuppression and TPA levels in these fluids. In addition, TPA levels
      remained constant over a period of 18 months of testing, whereas the in vitro
      immunosuppressive activity was lost in 9 to 10 months. Sephadex G-200
      fractionation of the ascitic fluid resulted in the TPA and immunosuppressive
      activity eluting in the first large molecular weight peak from the column.
      Although the 2 activities eluted together in this fractionation, the data suggest
      that TPA is not responsible for the immunosuppression.

PMID- 688227
TI  - Glycoprotein metabolism in normal proximal and distal rat colon and changes
      associated with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colonic neoplasia.

PMID- 688228
TI  - Nucleolus-associated phosphoprotein kinases of normal and regenerating liver and
      Novikoff hepatoma ascites cells.

PMID- 688229
TI  - Effect of radiation dosage on the synergism between radiation and estrogen in the
      production of mammary cancer in the rat.

PMID- 688230
TI  - Effect of hypophysectomy and aflatoxin B1 on rat liver.

PMID- 688231
TI  - Estradiol and progesterone receptor levels in human breast adenocarcinoma in
      relation to plasma estrogen and progesterone levels.
AB  - Plasma estrogen and progesterone levels were determined in 77 premenopausal and
      137 menopausal women at the same time that estradiol receptor (ER) and
      progesterone receptor (PGR) assays were carried out on their breast cancers. The
      frequency of ER and PGR is approximately the same in premenopausal and
      postmenopausal women, but the ER content is much higher in postmenopausal women.
      Although this is usually ascribed to the occupancy of receptors by endogenous
      estrogen in premenopausal women, our observations suggest that this is unlikely.
      The higher ER content in postmenopausal women is probably due to the fact that
      the cyclic progesterone increase in premenopausal women limits estrogen
      stimulation of ER synthesis. Our data suggest that the circulating levels of
      estrogen in postmenopausal women are sufficient to stimulate ER and PGR when ER
      is functional. In premenopausal women, on the other hand, high levels of
      circulating progesterone may inhibit PGR, and the absence of PGR in the breast
      cancers of premenopausal women should be interpreted warily if the plasma level
      of progesterone is unknown.

PMID- 688232
TI  - Plasma protein production by human tumors xenotransplanted in nude mice.
AB  - For detection of plasma proteins produced by human malignant tumors, a survey of
      blood plasma obtained from nude mice bearing serially transplanted human tumors
      was performed by immunoelectrophoresis and the double immunodiffusion technique.
      Among 34 lines including 18 types of human tumors, human specific plasma proteins
      were demonstrated in the plasma of nude mice transplanted with two lines of renal
      cell carcinoma, one adenocarcinoma of the colon, and one squamous cell carcinoma
      of the maxillary sinus. These tumors can be designated as "ectopic" plasma
      protein-producing tumors since the organs or tissues from which they originated
      are not considered to be usual sites of plasma protein synthesis. Plasma protein
      production, as well as that of alpha1-fetoprotein, was also found in one line of
      hepatoblasotma and three lines of yolk sac tumors. The above tumors were shown to
      produce one or more of the following 10 of 20 plasma proteins examined: albumin,
      prealbumin, alpha1-antitrypsin, ceruloplasmin, alpha2-macroglobulin, hemopexin,
      haptoglobin, C3 and C4 component of complement, and transferrin. An
      immunochemical demonstration of human specific cancer products observed in human
      tumors xenotransplanted into nude mice may provide a new approach for
      investigating the metabolism of neoplastic cells.

PMID- 688233
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of fluorouracil in humans.
AB  - A high-pressure liquid chromatography method has been used to investigate the
      pharmacokinetics of fluorouracil after single i.v. doses to patients. The method
      is simple and is specific for fluorouracil. No interference was observed in
      fluorouracil determinations due to other administered medication. Plasma levels
      of fluorouracil declined rapidly after dosing. The mean half-life was 11.4 min,
      and drug was essentially cleared from plasma in 1 hr. Individual differences in
      plasma fluorouracil levels, and also in derived pharmacokinetic constants, were
      considerably less than those reported previously.

PMID- 688234
TI  - Binding of dibenzo(a,e)fluoranthene, a carcinogenic, polycyclic hydrocarbon
      without K-region, to nucleic acids in a subcellular microsomal system.
AB  - Dibenzo(a,e)fluoranthene (DBF), a highly carcinogenic polycyclic hydrocarbon
      without an apparent K-region, binds covalently to DNA, transfer RNA, and
      polyribonucleotides when incubated with hepatic microsomal fractions under
      standard conditions. Optimal binding conditions for [3H]DBF were established.
      Methylcholanthrene-pretreated mouse liver microsomes induced a higher level of
      binding of [3H]DBF to DNA than did similarly induced rat liver microsomes. 7,8
      Benzoflavone strongly inhibited the binding of this polycyclic aromatic
      hydrocarbon to DNA, while cyclohexene oxide and trichloropropene oxide had an
      enhancing effect when used in the presence of rat liver microsomes. An unexpected
      inhibitory effect was observed with cyclohexene oxide in mouse liver microsome
      enriched medium. [3H]DBF bound twice as much to denatured as to native DNA.
      Incubation of [3H]DBF in the presence of liver microsomes and polyribonucleotides
      (polyadenylate, polyuridylate, polyguanylate, and polyinosinate) indicated that
      binding occurs mainly with guanine. Binding of [3H]DBF to DNA of various origins
      was found to be directly proportional to the amount of GC pairs. Preliminary
      results indicate a covalent bond between DBF and nucleic acids.

PMID- 688235
TI  - Increase of urinary putrescine in 3,4-benzopyrene carcinogenesis and its
      inhibition by putrescine.
AB  - A significant increase in putrescine was noted in the urine of mice with
      experimental s.c. tumors induced by a single injection of 3,4-benzopyrene
      solution (2.52 mg of 3,4-benzopyrene in 0.5 ml of tricaprylin). When 10 mg of
      putrescine were added to the 3,4-benzopyrene solution, the development of tumors
      was completely inhibited and the increase of urinary putrescine in mice was
      suppressed simultaneously. Animal weight data of a control group receiving only
      putrescine indicated that the inhibitory effect of putrescine is not due to its
      toxicity.

PMID- 688236
TI  - Inhibition of nucleoside uptake into Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells by new
      cytostatic methylhydrazones.
AB  - For the purpose of studying the structure-activity relationships of N'-methyl-N'
      beta-chloroethylbenzaldehyde hydrazones, new hydrazones were synthesized in which
      the beta-chloroethyl group was replaced by substituents conveying a partial
      positive charge at the N' moiety by induction and/or mesomerism. In a preliminary
      antitumor evaluation, some of these hydrazones showed a cytostatic activity in
      vivo similar to that of the beta-chloroethyl hydrazones. The new hydrazones also
      strongly inhibit the uptake of nucleosides into tumor cells and intensify the in
      vivo cytostatic effect of methotrexate.

PMID- 688237
TI  - Effect of hyperthermia on the immune response of normal rabbits.
AB  - Sequential skin responses to dinitrochlorobenzene challenge and repeat assays of
      serum antibody titer after two injections of bovine serum albumin were used as
      functional indices of cellular and humoral immunocompetence following
      hyperthermia in normal adult New Zealand White rabbits. The animals were
      subjected to different degrees of local hyperthermia by watercuff or radio
      frequency heating of the normal thigh muscles maintained at 42 degrees for 1 hr
      on 3 consecutive days or 47--50 degrees for 30 min, respectively, or to total
      body hyperthermia (42 degrees for 1 hr on three occasions) in a humidified
      incubator. No alteration occurred in the response of heated rabbits to
      dinitrochlorobenzene challenge over a 3-month period. The humoral immune response
      to bovine serum albumin was significantly depressed (p less than 0.02) in the
      treated animals, and the reduction was independent of method and degree of
      heating. The results suggest that the B-lymphocytes are more susceptible to
      hyperthermic damage than is the T-cell population.

PMID- 688238
TI  - Requirement of polycations for the enzymatic activity of a new proetin kinase
      substrate complex from Morris hepatoma 3924A.

PMID- 688239
TI  - Resolution and properties of the catalytic component and phosphate acceptor
      proteins of a new protein kinase-substrate complex from Morris hepatoma 3924A.

PMID- 688240
TI  - Presence of RNA in the nucleoprotein complex spontaneously released by human
      lymphocytes and frog auricles in culture.
AB  - Cell systems as different as normal human blood lymphocytes and frog auricles
      release spontaneously a nucleoprotein complex in their culture medium. This
      release seems to be an active mechanism that is unrelated to cell death. The
      presence of RNA in this complex is demonstrated. The amount of extracellular RNA
      is regulated by the same homeostatic mechanism that has previously been shown to
      govern DNA release in the same cell systems. This extracellular RNA is linked by
      hydrogen bonds to the extracellular DNA and cannot be extracted by a usual phenol
      procedure, due perhaps to the presence of a glycoprotein. Further purifications
      by chloroform, sodium perchlorate, and hydroxyapatite are necessary to obtain an
      RNA molecule that is acid precipitable, RNase and KOH sensitive, and orcinol
      positive. The extracellular RNA sediments between 2.5 and 4S and is not a
      transfer RNA. It is more highly methylated than the 28S, 18S, and 4 to 5S
      cellular RNA. It activates DNA synthesis in vitro.

PMID- 688241
TI  - Effect of 5-fluorouracil and thymidine on the transmembrane potential and zeta
      potential of HeLa cells.
AB  - The main result of the experiments reported in this paper is the observation that
      HeLa cells, when treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), show a damped oscillatory
      response in the transmembrane potential. This effect is counteracted by
      thymidine. Damped oscillation in the transmembrane potential occurs within the
      first hr after addition of 5-FU, commencing with an initial hypopolarization. At
      low concentrations (10(-8) through 10(-7) M), hyperpolarization of the cell
      membrane is observed after lengthy incubation time (24 to 96 hr). Membrane
      depolarization is enhanced at higher concentrations (10(-6) through 10(-4) M) and
      with increasing exposure to the cytostatic substance. The surface charge or zeta
      potential of HeLa cells is altered to a lesser extent by 5-FU than is the
      transmembrane potential. Distinct effects can be observed as late as after 72 and
      96 hr. When thymidine (2 x 10(-5) M) is added along with 5-FU, the depolarizing
      action of the antimetabolite can be abolished. Thymidine itself, at the
      concentration used, causes almost no change in membrane polarization. The results
      suggest that the effect of 5-FU on the cell membrane is related to the influence
      of the antimetabolite on cell growth. Moreover, this membrane effect might be the
      primary cause for the cytostatic action.

PMID- 688242
TI  - Establishment of epithelial cell lines following exposure of cultured tracheal
      epithelium to 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate.
AB  - In vitro exposure of rat tracheal epithelium to the tumor-promoting agent 12-O
      tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate results in a marked increase in growth capacity.
      The growth changes are manifested in an increased rate of cell division and
      growth in primary cultures and in the establishment of permanent epithelial cell
      lines. Such changes did not occur in control cultures. Fourteen of the cell lines
      have been inoculated into immunosuppressed recipients, and all are
      nontumorigenic.

PMID- 688243
TI  - Adriamycin and mitomycin C: possible synergistic cardiotoxicity.
AB  - Ninety-one patients with advanced breast cancer failing adriamycin (ADR)
      containing combination chemotherapy were treated with a combination of mitomycin
      C (MMC) and megestrol acetate. Congestive heart failure (CHF) occurred in 14
      (15.3%) of 91 MMC-treated patients compared to three (3.4%) of 89 patients
      treated with similar ADR-containing combination chemotherapy without MMC (P =
      0.01). The median time from the last dose of ADR to evidence of CHF was 8.5
      months for the MMC group compared to 1.5 months for the other group. A
      significantly higher incidence of late onset of CHF implicates MMC as a possible
      cardiotoxic agent.

PMID- 688244
TI  - Combination chemotherapy for ovarian carcinoma with cyclophosphamide, adriamycin,
      and cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) after failure of initial chemotherapy.
AB  - Twenty-four patients who had stage III or IV ovarian adenocarcinoma and had
      failed prior chemotherapy were treated with cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, and cis
      dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) every 3 weeks. Twelve patients had objective
      responses and an additional six had subjective improvement. The median duration
      of survival for responders is 9 months. There were no instances of
      nephrotoxicity. Fluid management consisted of 1000-2000 ml of iv fluid without
      Lasix- or mannitol-induced diuresis. Patients responded after having failed
      radiotherapy or multiple-drug chemotherapy, including some who were 70-75 years
      of age or were greater than 50% bedridden. Patients with one- or two-drug prior
      chemotherapy had a higher response rate (ten responses among 17 patients) than
      those previously treated with three or more drugs (two responses among seven
      patients).

PMID- 688245
TI  - Sample size requirements for evaluating a conservative therapy.
AB  - Determination of an adequate sample size for a clinical trial has traditionally
      involved the specification of type I (false positive) and type II (false
      negative) error rates, and a difference that one wishes to detect. Because newer
      therapy has generally been more invasive or more toxic, it is conventional for
      the type I error to be 0.05 in order that new therapy not be accepted as superior
      unless its advantages are definitively established. Recently, many new trials
      have been directed toward showing that a more conservative treatment is
      equivalent in efficacy to a standard intensive therapy. In this paper, we provide
      formulas which prescribe the sample size necessary to meet certain criteria
      specified by the investigator for this alternative type of clinical trial. In
      addition, the percent increase in total sample size is described when more
      patients are allocated to one treatment than the other.

PMID- 688246
TI  - Antitumor properties of a new folate analog, 10-deaza-aminopterin, in mice.
AB  - A new folate analog, 10-deaza-aminopterin, was substantially more active than
      methotrexate, following sc administration in mice, against three of five ascites
      tumors and two of three solid tumors. For ascites tumors, maximum increases in
      lifespan (using 6--12 mg/kg q2d X 5) with 10-deaza-aminopterin versus
      methotrexate were + 171.2%/+ 149.8% against L1210 leukemia, +118.4%/+109.1%
      against P815 plasmacytoma, +64%/+20.9% against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma,
      +84.2%/+44.8% against Taper liver tumor, and greater than +159.6%/+64.0% against
      Sarcoma 180 with longterm survivors after 10-deaza-aminopterin. In a smaller
      number of experiments comparing LD10 dosages (given q2d X 5) of aminopterin,
      methotrexate, and 10-deaza-aminopterin, aminopterin was the least effective and
      10-deaza-aminopterin was the most effective against the L1210 leukemia, Sarcoma
      180, and Ehrlich ascites tumors. Following oral administration (3--6 mg/kg q2d X
      5), a twofold greater increase in survival time was obtained against the L1210
      leukemia with 10-deazaaminopterin (+122.8%) versus methotrexate (+57%). At a
      dosage of 6 mg/kg q1d X 5 against solid tumors, the relative tumor volumes
      (treated/control X 100%) were 12%/41% for Sarcoma 180, 16%/31% for Taper liver
      tumor, and 20%/30% for Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. Overall, the data suggest a
      broader spectrum of effective antitumor action in mice and a potential for the
      expanded clinical utility of this category of agent.

PMID- 688247
TI  - Effects of 5-fluorouracil on human colon carcinoma and solid rat Walker 256
      carcinosarcoma: evaluation as in vitro predictors of clinical response.
AB  - Several biochemical effects of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) including inhibition of the
      incorporation of 3H-deoxyuridine (3H-UdR) into DNA, inhibition of ribosome
      formation, and formation of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine-5'-monophosphate (FdUMP)
      were examined in samples of human colon carcinomas to determine if any of these
      drug effects might have predictive value as a reliable guide to 5-FU therapy. For
      comparison, the solid rat Walker 256 carcinosarcoma, which is only minimally
      responsive to 5-FU, was also studied. For each of the biochemical effects of 5-FU
      measured in the various samples of Walker 256 tumors, the responses were
      consistent and varied within a narrow range. In contrast, the formation of FdUMP
      from 5-FU and the degree of inhibition of the incorporation of 3H-UdR into DNA by
      5-FU were extremely variable in the population of human colon carcinomas
      examined. In all human tumors examined, 5-FU caused a reduction in the formation
      of ribosomes, but even in the absence of 5-FU, the total amount of ribosome
      synthesis was so low that it makes measurement difficult to quantitate. Based on
      our data, a study might be warranted to determine if there is a correlation
      between FdUMP formation and responsiveness of colon carcinoma to 5-FU therapy.

PMID- 688249
TI  - Instability of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum in dextrose solution.

PMID- 688248
TI  - Glycerol: a successful alternative to dexamethasone for patients receiving brain
      irradiation for metastatic disease.
AB  - Thirty-three patients with metastatic brain neoplasms of various types received
      glycerol instead of corticosteroids during periods of brain irradiation. In the
      25 symptomatic patients, responses from this treatment were seen in those
      patients whose primary symptom was vomiting (ten of 12 patients), headache (nine
      of ten), papilledema (five of nine), paralysis (six of eight), confusion (six of
      seven), and dysphasia (four of six). Glycerol was well tolerated; it did not
      induce immunosuppression when administered in combination with radiotherapy and
      chemoimmunotherapy. Further investigation is indicated to compare its efficacy
      with that of dexamethasone.

PMID- 688250
TI  - A single dose of metoclopramide in the control of vomiting from cis
      dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) in man.

PMID- 688251
TI  - Limited treatment in the management of early breast cancer.

PMID- 688252
TI  - Lack of therapeutic synergism between vincristine and methotrexate in L1210
      murine leukemia in vivo.
AB  - In vivo studies were performed in mice bearing L1210 ascites tumor to examine the
      interaction of vincristine (VCR) at doses of 0.15 and 1.5 mg/kg with methotrexate
      (MTX) at doses of 0.5, 5, 50, and 350 mg/kg. The combination was administered on
      Days 2, 6, and 10 after tumor inoculation. VCR was given either concurrently with
      MTX or preceding it by 30, 60, or 120 minutes. VCR administered at a dose of 0.15
      mg/kg achieved a peak peritoneal fluid concentration of 1.4 micron declining with
      a half-life (T1/2) of 33.5 minutes and produced no in vivo augmentation of MTX
      uptake. VCR administered at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg achieved a peak peritoneal fluid
      concentration of 16.5 micron declining with a T1/2 of 24.9 minutes and produced
      significant in vivo augmentation of MTX uptake when given concurrently with the
      MTX and 30 minutes prior to MTX at a dose of 350 mg/kg. No other interval was
      associated with augmented MTX uptake. When animal survival was evaluated, no
      therapeutic synergism was observed at any dose level of either drug in any
      schedule. In fact, VCR (0.15 and 1.5 mg/kg) and MTX at doses of greater than or
      equal to 50 mg/kg produced toxic synergism which adversely affected survival.
      Since the drug doses studied are comparable with those used in "high-dose"
      clinical protocols, individual tumor evaluation is indicated to support the use
      of these drugs in combination.

PMID- 688253
TI  - Prediction of adriamycin disposition in cancer patients using a physiologic,
      pharmacokinetic model.
AB  - A ten-compartment flow-limited pharmacokinetic model scaled from rabbit tissue
      distribution data was used to predict plasma adriamycin concentrations in 23
      patients and adriamycin tissue uptake in nine surgery patients following iv bolus
      doses of 10--60 mg/m2. The predicted concentrations were compared to
      experimentally determined adriamycin using a specific thin-layer chromatographic
      fluorescence scanning procedure. The predicted plasma time course for 11 of 16
      patients with relatively normal liver and kidney function agreed closely with the
      observed plasma time course. Deviations in the other five patients were ascribed
      to possible changes in the profile of metabolite formation and/or fluctuations in
      biliary clearance. All four patients with elevated serum bilirubin demonstrated
      significantly  higher and more prolonged plasma levels than predicted. The
      results of two patients with impaired kidney function and one patient with both
      hepatic and renal involvement were inconclusive. The comparison between predicted
      and observed tissue concentrations in biopsy samples was varied; however, all
      were within an order of magnitude. It is concluded that the model depicts
      adriamycin uptake and distribution reasonably well; however, more needs to be
      known concerning individual variation in metabolic and biliary excretion rates
      for this to become more patient-specific. Also, a tumor compartment appears to be
      an important addition in modifying the model to allow for clinical utility.

PMID- 688254
TI  - An immunologic look at the TNM classification: therapeutic implications and
      strategies.

PMID- 688255
TI  - 5-year survey of methotrexate, cyclophosphamide (Endoxan), and vincristine (MEV)
      therapy for advanced non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.
AB  - Five courses of a combination chemotherapy regimen with methotrexate,
      cyclophosphamide (Endoxan), and vincristine were given to 64 patients, 37 with
      lymphocytic lymphoma (LL) and 27 with histocytic lymphoma (HL). Eighteen of the
      37 patients with LL (48%) achieved a complete remission (CR); 12 of these 18
      patients have been in CR for 20--58 months. Among the complete responders only
      two died. Twenty-two of the 27 patients with HL (81%) achieved CR and 12 of these
      patients are still in CR. Ten of the complete responders have been relapse-free
      for 24--70 months and five have been relapse-free for greater than 60 months.
      Clinical and hematologic tolerance was such that the interval between each course
      had to be prolonged in only three of the 64 patients and, with the exception of
      vincristine, the dosages were not reduced.

PMID- 688256
TI  - cis-Dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) alone followed by adriamycin plus
      cyclophosphamide at progression versus cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II),
      adriamycin, and cyclophosphamide in combination for adenocarcinoma of the lung.
AB  - Forty-one patients with proven metastatic adenocarcinoma of the lung were
      randomized into two comparable groups after stratification for performance status
      and presence of measurable or evaluable disease. Treatment 1 consisted of cis
      dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) (P) at a dose of 15 mg/m2/day by iv push on Days 1-
      5 every 4 weeks. Upon progression or the onset of renal toxic effects, patients
      were crossed over to cyclophosphamide (C) at a dose of 400 mg/m2, and adriamycin
      (A) at a dose of 40 mg/m2, both given by iv push on Day 1 every 4 weeks.
      Treatment 2 (CAP-I) consisted of C-A in the same doses as above plus concurrent
      P, 40 mg/m2 by IV push on Day 1 every 4 weeks. Eight patients receiving P
      developed serum creatinine values greater than or equal to 1.5 mg/100 ml versus
      one patient receiving CAP-I (P = 0.05). Objective regressions occurred in two of
      22 patients with P, five of 17 with C-A, and eight of 19 with CAP-I (P = 0.025;
      CAP-I versus P). There was a significant increase in the median duration of
      regression in patients responding to C-A following P (267 days) versus patients
      responding to CAP-I (95 days). The improved rate of response with CAP-I and the
      prolonged duration of response with C-A following P suggest a potentiating effect
      between P and C-A whether given simultaneously or sequentially.

PMID- 688257
TI  - Adriamycin and chlorambucil versus adriamycin and thiabendazole in the treatment
      of extensive, non-small cell carcinoma of the lung: a Southwest Oncology Group
      pilot study.

PMID- 688258
TI  - Cytologic evidence that taxol, an antineoplastic agent from Taxus brevifolia,
      acts as a mitotic spindle poison.

PMID- 688259
TI  - High-dose 6-mercaptopurine in advanced refractory cancer.

PMID- 688260
TI  - Vinblastine and 6-thioguanine in the treatment of advanced breast cancer.

PMID- 688261
TI  - Comparative binding affinities of estrogen derivatives.

PMID- 688262
TI  - Steroid-nucleosides.
AB  - A new class of potential chemotherapeutic agents consisting of steroids coupled
      with nucleoside bases is described. Such structures may be viewed as nucleosides
      in which the sugar moiety is replaced by a steroid molecule. We may therefore
      expect the nucleoside characteristics to give interference at the DNA level,
      resulting in the desired antitumor activity, whereas the steroid moiety may
      provide target specificity. A number of such coupling products were prepared and
      preliminary biologic studies are reported.

PMID- 688264
TI  - Use of steroids as carriers of cytotoxic agents in breast cancer: estrogens
      linked with nitrogen mustard groups [proceedings].

PMID- 688263
TI  - Biochemical assays for the selection of cytotoxic-linked estrogens with potential
      therapeutic activity.

PMID- 688265
TI  - Steroid hormones linked with cyclophosphamide [proceedings].

PMID- 688266
TI  - Influence of steroidal alkylating agents on the growth and estrogen binding
      capacity of R3230AC mammary carcinoma of the rat [proceedings].

PMID- 688267
TI  - Interactions between estrogen receptors and certain steroidal alkylating agents
      [proceedings].

PMID- 688268
TI  - Steroid carriers of cytotoxic agents: evaluation of antineoplastic effects of
      drugs and animal models [proceedings].

PMID- 688269
TI  - Clinical experience with estramustine phosphate and predinimustine, two steroidal
      alkylating agents compounds [proceedings].

PMID- 688270
TI  - Problems in the development of cytotoxic moieties linked to hormones.

PMID- 688271
TI  - Hypertensive reaction adriamycin.

PMID- 688272
TI  - Metronidazole in cancer therapy: an alternate view.

PMID- 688273
TI  - Association between steroid hormone receptors and response rate to cytotoxic
      chemotherapy in metastatic breast cancer.
AB  - The influence of steroid hormone receptors on response rate to cytotoxic
      chemotherapy in 70 patients with metastatic breast cancer was determined in a
      retrospective study. We have previously reported that 34 of 45 patients with
      tumors containing low or absent estrogen-receptor values had objective responses
      to chemotherapy while three of 25 patients with positive estrogen-receptor tumors
      responded. In the present study, 22 of 34 patients with low or absent
      progesterone-receptor tumors had an objective response to cytotoxic chemotherapy,
      while none of eight patients with a positive progesterone-receptor tumor
      responded (P less than 0.05). Patients having tumors with a negative estrogen
      receptor and a negative progesterone receptor had a response rate of 88% (21 of
      24 patients). There were three patients whose tumors were estrogen-receptor
      negative but progesterone-receptor positive; none had a response to chemotherapy.
      Chemotherapy response was not associated with the presence or absence of either
      androgen or glucocorticoid receptor. We conclude that progesterone-receptor
      values in addition to estrogen-receptor status may prove to be important
      correlates of response to cytotoxic chemotherapy in metastatic breast cancer.
      Androgen- and glucocorticoid-receptor analyses are not helpful in predicting
      response to chemotherapy.

PMID- 688274
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of BCNU in man: a preliminary study of 20 patients.
AB  - Using the technique of direct sample insertion selected ion monitoring chemical
      ionization mass spectroscopy, BCNU levels were measured in vivo in patients and
      in vitro in serum, sera ultrafiltrates, and buffered Ringer's solution. The
      disappearance of BCNU in vitro was found to be first-order with a half-time of
      11.6 minutes (+/- 0.5 SD) in volunteers and 15.6 minutes (+/- 2.3 SD) in
      patients. The disappearance from serum was catalyzed by a macromolecular
      component of the serum and was slowed by serum lipids. Analysis of the
      pharmacokinetics of BCNU in 20 patients using a two-compartment open model
      demonstrated a volume of distribution of 3.25 liters/kg (+/- 1.69 SD), a
      clearance of 56 ml/minute/kg (+/- 56 SD), and a transfer constant from the
      central compartment to the outside (K10) OF 0.0324 MINUTE-1 (+/- 41% SD), which
      was close to the decomposition rate observed for BCNU in serum in vitro. The
      pharmacokinetics of BCNU in patients may be affected by the percent of body fat
      and the lipid content of the serum.

PMID- 688275
TI  - Kinetics of cytotoxicity of VM-26 and VP-16-213 on L1210 leukemia and
      hematopoietic stem cells.
AB  - The in vivo effects of VM-26 and VP-16-213 upon hematopoietic stem cells and
      L1210 leukemia cells were quantitated using the spleen-colony assay technique.
      The effect of VM-26 on leukemia cells was further quantitated using an endpoint
      dilution assay. The dose-response curves for leukemic clonogenic cells for both
      agents when given by iv injection were exponential and biphasic, indicating the
      existence of two populations. The survival of leukemia cells when VM-26 was
      administered as a 24-hour infusion was less than that found for equivalent doses
      administered as single injections. The survival kinetics with respect to time for
      a low dose (0.02 mg/mouse) and a high dose (0.15 mg/mouse) of VM-26 were similar
      in that the decrease in survival was rapid, reaching a maximum effect within 4
      hours after administration. With the low dose, repopulation of the femoral marrow
      started immediately, whereas with the high dose, there was a 20-hour delay in
      repopulation. The data from the increase in lifespan studies were in excellent
      agreement with the quantitative assays. The dose-response curves for the normal
      hematopoietic clonogenic cells were also exponential, but these cells were much
      less sensitive to the agents than were the leukemia cells.

PMID- 688276
TI  - Estramustine phosphate in the treatment of advanced malignant melanoma.
AB  - Twenty-six patients (14 men and 12 women) with histologically proven advanced
      malignant melanoma, who previously had not responded to DTIC, methyl-CCNU, and
      procarbazine, received estramustine phosphate (estracyt) (15 mg/m2) in daily
      divided doses. All patients had measurable disease. One patient developed a
      complete remission and one patient had improvement in liver function without
      measurable regression in the tumor. In three other patients (11%), the disease
      remained static for a period of 3--5 months. The mean survival time from the
      beginning of therapy was 16.8 months for the patients with a response or static
      disease and 2.18 months for those who had no response. Gastrointestinal toxicity
      was minimal; no hematologic toxicity was observed. It appears that estramustine
      phosphate used as a single agent for treating advanced malignant melanoma after
      patients failed to respond to DTIC and to the combination of methyl-CCNU and
      procarbazine has a poor response rate.

PMID- 688277
TI  - Chronochemotherapy of L1210 leukemic mice with cytosine arabinoside or
      cyclophosphamide.

PMID- 688278
TI  - Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis as a complication of prolonged methyl-CCNU
      therapy.

PMID- 688279
TI  - Plasma levels and urinary excretion of filterable platinum species following
      bolus injection and iv infusion of cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum(II) in man.

PMID- 688280
TI  - Phase I study of N6-benzyladenosine-5'-monophosphate.

PMID- 688281
TI  - Adriamycin therapy for advanced ovarian carcinoma recurrent after chemotherapy.

PMID- 688282
TI  - Chemo-hormonal therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma with adriamycin,
      hydroxyurea, vinblastine, and medroxyprogesterone acetate.
AB  - In a phase II study, eight patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma have
      been treated with a combination of chemotherapy and hormonal therapy using
      adriamycin, hydroxyurea, vinblastine, and medroxyprogesterone acetate. Five
      patients have responded, including one with complete response, one with
      subjective improvement, and three with partial responses. The median survival was
      4 months with a range of 4--11 months. With the exception of mild alopecia and
      nausea, toxicity was minimal; no significant hematologic toxicity was noted. The
      initial results of this study suggest that chemo-hormonal therapy plays a
      significant role in the management of renal cell carcinoma.

PMID- 688283
TI  - Treatment of cervical carcinoma with adriamycin combined with methotrexate.

PMID- 688284
TI  - Alteration of binding of the supravital dye Hoechst 33342 to human leukemic cells
      by adriamycin.

PMID- 688285
TI  - Invasive thymoma responsive to oral corticosteroids.

PMID- 688286
TI  - Phase II study of melphalan in colorectal carcinoma.
AB  - In a prospective phase II study, 25 patients with advanced (Duke's D) colorectal
      adenocarcinoma received 0.25 mg/kg of melphalan orally daily for 4 days every 28
      days. There were 17 men and eight women. All patients had measurable areas of
      known malignant disease which served as objective indicators of the response to
      chemotherapy. All patients were evaluated for at least two cycles of therapy.
      Each patient had had previous treatment with 5-fluorouracil and, in addition, 24
      of 25 patients had had treatment with methyl-CCNU; all patients had disease
      progression with both regimens. Toxicity consisted of mild gastrointestinal
      symptoms and transient leukopenia (wbc count less than 4000/mm3) in nine of 25
      (36%) patients and thrombocytopenia (platelet count less than 100,000/mm3) in six
      of 25 (24%). One of 25 (4%) patients had an objective response for 12 weeks, 15
      of 25 (60%) had disease progression, and nine of 25 (36%) remained stable for 2
      months. We conclude that melphalan is ineffective for patients with metastatic
      colorectal carcinoma who have previously failed to respond to both 5-fluorouracil
      and methyl-CCNU.

PMID- 688287
TI  - Surgically proven pulmonary metastases not demonstrated by computed chest
      tomography.

PMID- 688288
TI  - Use of metronidazole and other nitroimidazole drugs in cancer therapy.

PMID- 688289
TI  - Combination of constant-infusion 5-fluorouracil, methyl-CCNU, mitomycin C, and
      vincristine in advanced colorectal carcinoma.

PMID- 688290
TI  - [Use of acebutolol in angina pectoris].

PMID- 688291
TI  - Differential diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis and of generalized erythematous
      lupus, by the migration inhibition method (author's transl).

PMID- 688292
TI  - Enzyme histochemical studies in the rat hippocampus, cerebellar cortex and
      brainstem motor nuclei during methionine sulphoximine convulsions.

PMID- 688293
TI  - Autoradiographic distribution studies with 3H-testosterone and 3H-oestradiol
      17beta.

PMID- 688294
TI  - Quantitative cytochemical studies on different cell populations by pulse
      cytophotometry.

PMID- 688295
TI  - Distribution of lectin binding sites on rat liver cell nuclei: comparison of
      fluorescein- and ferritin-labelling methods.

PMID- 688296
TI  - Histochemical and immunocytochemical observations of endocrine cells and amine
      containing cells in the gastric mucosa of rats with experimental ulceration.

PMID- 688297
TI  - [The SI unit system].

PMID- 688298
TI  - [Echocardiographic evaluation of left ventricular function (author's transl)].

PMID- 688299
TI  - [Possibilities of left ventricular function disorder in hypertension (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 688300
TI  - [Iatrogenic arrhythmias].

PMID- 688301
TI  - [Haemodynamics in adults operated on for aortic coarctation in childhood
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 688302
TI  - [Radiocardiograph NGR 724].

PMID- 688303
TI  - [Importance of auditory damage by excessively noisy music (author's transl)].

PMID- 688304
TI  - [Aviation and space medicine].

PMID- 688305
TI  - [Education and preparation in clinical chemistry especially from the aspect of
      medical specialization].

PMID- 688306
TI  - [Melanocyte-stimulating hormone in women; activity in the urine and blood in
      pregnant women (author's transl)].

PMID- 688307
TI  - [Pluritopical haemangiolymphangioma in a young woman (author's transl)].

PMID- 688308
TI  - [Artificial and secondary hyperaminoaciduria (author's transl)].

PMID- 688310
TI  - [Social and biological factors in personality behaviour motivation and their
      significance in the treatment of neuroses (author's transl)].

PMID- 688309
TI  - [Comprehensive solution of an intoxication caused by an unknown medicament
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 688311
TI  - [Thermodiagnostic picture of peripheral vascular resistance in hypertension.
      Effect of heat and cold (author's transl)].

PMID- 688312
TI  - [30-year experience with the therapy of myasthenia gravis].

PMID- 688314
TI  - [The role of anxiety in the aetiopathogenesis of neurosis (author's transl)].

PMID- 688313
TI  - [A contribution to the study of the effect of bigvanides in the skeletal muscle
      of diabetics (author's transl)].

PMID- 688315
TI  - [The effect of atropine on the course of oral glucose tolerance test in patients
      with liver cirrhosis (author's transl)].

PMID- 688316
TI  - [Subfebrile temperatures--comprehensive thermometric analysis (author's transl)].

PMID- 688317
TI  - [Comments on the genetics of hypospadias (author's transl)].

PMID- 688318
TI  - [Antigen and antibody of hepatitis B. Combined study using the technic of
      radioimmunoanalysis].

PMID- 688319
TI  - [Effectiveness of cigarette filter in artificial smoking in vitro (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 688320
TI  - [Alstrom's syndrome in two sisters (author's transl)].

PMID- 688321
TI  - [Triiodothyronine thyrotoxicosis in a female patient with thyroiditis (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 688322
TI  - [Cholramphenicol and its metabolites in human bile (author's transl)].

PMID- 688323
TI  - [Exercise blood pressure increases and plasma renin activity (author's transl)].

PMID- 688324
TI  - [On the prevention of thromboembolism (author's transl)].

PMID- 688325
TI  - [1st home dialysis treatment in Czechoslovakia and the socialist countries].

PMID- 688326
TI  - Dissecting the hematopoietic microenvironment. II. The kinetics of the erythron
      of the S1/S1d mouse and the dual nature of its anemia.
AB  - An analysis of the S1/S1d mouse for ferrokinetics and fate of peripheral red
      blood cells has shown the cause of its anemia to be dual in nature. While the
      S1/S1d produces red cells at a slightly greater rate than its normal littermate,
      its bone marrow and spleen appear to be operating near their maximal capacity and
      will reduce their output if anemic stress is partly relieved. The cause of the
      moderately high level of erythropoiesis in the S1/S1d is a mean daily loss of 2.5
      -3.0% of its total blood volume via the intestinal tract.

PMID- 688327
TI  - Effect of myleran on murine hemopoiesis. II. Direct and host-mediated action on
      proliferative capacity and differentiation bias of spleen colony forming units
      (CFU-S).

PMID- 688328
TI  - Effect of myleran on murine hemopoiesis. III. Changes in the density distribution
      of spleen colony forming (CFU-S) and agar gel colony forming cells (CFU-C).
AB  - Spleen colony forming cells (CFU-S) and agar-gel colony forming cells (CFU-C) are
      separate but heterogeneous cell populations, as measured by buoyant density.
      Myleran (MY) abrogated the major (lighter density) components of the CFU-S and
      CFU-C compartments, thus shifting the surviving CFU-S and CFU-C density profiles
      into the higher density region. The normal spleen colony erythrocytic :
      granulocytic (E:G) ratio profile showed three density regions with different
      distributions of erythroid and granulocytic colonies. The preponderantly
      erythrocytic colony-generating CFU-S of the intermediate density regions were
      eradicated by MY. Comparison of the density distribution of erythrocytic and
      granulocytic colony-generating CFU-S of normal bone marrow showed that the
      erythrocytic CFU-S profile paralleled that of total CFU-S, while most of the
      granulocytic CFU-S were contained in the major (and lowest density) peak. MY
      eradicated the two main (and lowest density) peaks of CFU-S; surviving CFU-S
      occurred preponderantly in a minor (higher density) peak which has a high
      potential for generating erythrocytic colonies.

PMID- 688329
TI  - Cell proliferation and ageing in mouse colon. I. Repopulation after repeated X
      ray injury in young and old mice.

PMID- 688330
TI  - The response of the satellite and other non-neuronal cells to the degeneration of
      neuroblasts in chick embryo spinal ganglia.
AB  - The responses of non-neuronal cells to the degeneration of neuroblasts were
      studied in the spinal ganglia of the chick embryo. Reactive changes of the non
      neuronal cells were not apparent during the early stage of degeneration of the
      neuroblast, but during the later stages of degeneration evidence was found
      suggesting that non-neuronal cells subdivided and phagocytosed the affected
      neuroblasts. Three types of non-neuronal cells appeared to participate in the
      phagocytosis: satellite cells, cells resembling undifferentiated elements, and
      macrophages. The appearance of the latter coincided with the beginning of the
      vascularization of the ganglionic rudiment. The phagocytic capacity of satellite
      cells is discussed in the light of these and other studies by light and electron
      microscopy.

PMID- 688331
TI  - Gap junctions in human sebaceous glands.
AB  - An examination of human seabaceous glands by transmission electron microscopy has
      revealed the presence of gap junctions. The junctions are found in abundance
      between differentiating cells, and annular forms are also seen. The possible
      significance of this new finding is briefly discussed.

PMID- 688332
TI  - Neurosecretion. XVII. Experimentally induced release of neurosecretory material
      by exocytosis in the insect Leucophaea maderae.
AB  - In the corpora cardiaca of the insect Leucophaea the administration of serotonin
      elicits ultrastructural features indicative of the extrusion of neurosecretory
      material by exocytosis. The response to the stimulus and the process of extrusion
      seem to occur at considerable speed. Nearly all of the 30 test animals, fixed at
      various intervals starting as early as 3 min after the injection of the drug,
      show granules captured at the moment of leaving the axon as well as fully
      exteriorized secretory material. The fact that many of these granules are much
      smaller than the typical neurosecretory type speaks for intracellular
      fragmentation of the latter prior to the discharge of this cellular product.
      After 25 min or more the extruded electron dense structures show signs of
      breakdown. 3the apparent speed of these phenomena accounts for the dearth of
      omega-type configurations observed in unstimulated specimens of this species. The
      possible relationship between the membrane phenomena involved in exocytosis and
      the transient protrusions of bounding membranes of neurosecretory granules
      described in earlier papers remains to be clarified.

PMID- 688333
TI  - Effects of vitamin A deficiency on ultimobranchial cysts in the thyroid gland: an
      electron microscopic study.
AB  - Ultimobranchial cysts in the thyroid glands of rats receiving a diet adequate in
      vitamin A are lined with stratified squamous epithelium and contain non
      keratinized cellular debris. The epithelium of these cysts in vitamin A deficient
      animals is keratinized, and their lumina contain keratinized cellular strands
      surrounding a core of cellular debris. Upon return to a diet adequate in vitamin
      A the epithelium returns to a non-keratinized state, and the lumina contain
      keratinized strands surrounded by cell fragments and desquamated whole cells.
      Occasionally these cysts have an epithelium that is highly irregular in
      appearance. The relationship of alterations in this tissue to possible subsequent
      development of neoplasias is discussed.

PMID- 688334
TI  - Ultrastructure and segmentation of microdissected kidney tubules in the marine
      flounder, Pleuronectes platessa.
AB  - A new method combining electron microscopy with microdissection was used to study
      the segmental variation along the tubule of a marine flounder. Two different
      nephron types were present. One type had long tubules with the glomeruli located
      close to the kidney surface. The other type had shorter and more coiled tubules
      with the glomeruli located close to the terminal end of the same nephron. Five
      different segments were present: (1) neck segment, (2) first proximal segment,
      (3) second proximal segment, (4) third proximal segment, and (5) collecting
      tubule. The third proximal segment was not present in all tubules. An extensive
      system of infoldings from the plasma membrane was present in all segments, except
      the neck segment and the collecting tubule. Tight junctions impermeable to
      lanthanum were present in all segments. The collecting duct cells also had
      extensive infoldings from the plasma membrane and tight junctions impermeable to
      lanthanum were also present here.

PMID- 688335
TI  - The effects of various stimuli on the cellular composition of peritoneal exudates
      in the mouse.
AB  - A comparative study on the composition of cell populations collected from the
      unstimulated mouse peritoneal cavity and at various intervals after the
      intraperitoneal injection of glycerol trioleate, casein, paraffin oil, glycogen,
      sodium chloride, and proteose peptone, was carried out. The cellular composition
      of the peritoneal exudates, especially with respect to the ratio of monocytes to
      resident macrophages, was shown to be dependent on the nature of the stimulus and
      interval after stimulation.

PMID- 688336
TI  - Kinetics of gametogenesis. II. Comparative autoradiographic studies of oogonia
      and multiplying prospermatogonia of the Wistar rat.
AB  - In the rat the last generation of oogonia and multiplying prospermatogonia (M
      prospermatogonia), frequently arranged in synchronized clusters, enters mitosis
      on about day 17 post conception (p.c.). The duration of the S-phase D-S-Duration
      and the minimal generation time Tmin of both kinds of "gonia" were determined by
      the method of labeled mitoses (22 female and 22 male fetuses derived from 11
      pregnant rats were sacrificed from 2 to 22 h after a single i.p. injection of 3H
      thymidine on day 17 p.c.). Three curves, derived from the labeled prophases,
      metaphases and the postmitotic descendents of oogonia and M-prospermatogonia-
      oocytes and primary transitional prospermatogonia (T1-prospermatogonia)--were
      evaluated. It was demonstrated that the curves as well as the calculated values
      of D-S-Duration and Tmin are very similar for oogonia and M-prospermatogonia. D-S
      Duration ranged from about 10 to 12.5h (10 h read off from the curves of labeled
      metaphases), Tmin from 16.5 to 18 h (16.5 h read off from the curves of labeled
      metaphases).

PMID- 688337
TI  - Penetration of spermatozoon into the ovum and transformation of the sperm nucleus
      into the male pronucleus in the domestic fowl, Gallus gallus.
AB  - The apex of the sperm head which has undergone the acrosome reaction comes in
      contact with the plasma membrane of the ovum. After the entire surface of the
      inner acrosomal membrane has come into close contact with the plasma membrane of
      the ovum, the two membranes fuse to form a continuous membrane. All parts of the
      spermatozoon that are devoid of plasma membrane penetrate into the ooplasm. As
      the head of the spermatozoon moves deeper into the ooplasm, the chromatin begins
      to disperse, and the head of spermatozoon is transformed into a large spherical
      nucleus with low electron density. At a later stage of the transformation, many
      small vesicles appear around the nucleus and subsequently fuse to form two
      continuous membranes. These membranes represent the male pronuclear envelope. The
      condensation of the chromatin occurs in places in the nucleus, so that the male
      pronucleus is formed. During the course of the formation of the male pronucleus,
      the subacrosomal rod and tail become detached from the head and disintegrate.

PMID- 688338
TI  - Lateral ocellar nerve projections in the dragonfly brain.
AB  - The central projections of the lateral ocellar neurons of the dragonfly were
      examined using whole nerve cobalt iontophoresis, supplemented by sectioning of
      the nerve and brain for inspection in the light and electron microscopes. At E.M.
      level the presence of cobalt in filled axon profiles and cell bodies was
      confirmed by analysis of X-ray energy spectra in the microscope. The pathways,
      cell body sites and terminal arborizations of four large (7--25 micrometer
      diameter) lateral ocellar neurons are described. Two of these fibers arborize in
      the ipsilateral posterior neuropil of the protocerebrum and two cross the brain
      and arborize in the contralateral posterior neuropil. Within each half of the
      posterior neuropil, two spatially separated regions of ocellar input have been
      identified. These regions receive median ocellar input plus input from either the
      ipsi- or contralateral ocellus, but not both. The arborizations of the
      contralateral fibers are more extensive than those of the ipsilateral fibers. One
      of the contralateral neurons crosses the brain in the region of the protocerebral
      bridge giving off a collateral in that region before descending to the posterior
      neuropil. This collateral arborizes almost immediately in a region receiving
      input from arborizations of a number of small ocellar neurons (those less than 5
      micrometer in diameter) from the ipsilateral ocellar nerve, together with small
      neurons from the median ocellar nerve, forming a region in each half of the brain
      which receives input from all three ocelli. The small lateral ocellar neurons
      associated with these arborizations have cell bodies adjacent to the lateral
      ocellar tracts.

PMID- 688339
TI  - Dopamine and noradrenaline neurons projecting to the septal area in the rat.
AB  - The organisation of the catecholamine innervation of the rat spetal area was
      investigated by means of the glyoxylic acid fluorescence method in combination
      with dopamine uptake studies, lesions and retrograde tracing of horseradish
      peroxidase. The following catecholamine systems to the septum could be
      established: 1. The Locus Coreuleus Noradrenergic System. These axons are
      widespread in the septum forming a moderately dense innervation in the anterior
      hippocampus, the medial septal nucleus, the nucleus of the diagonal band, and the
      interstitial nucleus of the stria terminalis, and a sparse innervation in the
      lateral septal nucleus and the septofimbrial nucleus. 2. The Medulla Oblongata
      Noradrenergic System. This system originates in the A1, A2 or A3 cell groups, the
      axons forming a very dense innervation in the ventral part of the interstitial
      nucleus of the stria terminalis, a moderately dense innervation in the nucleus of
      the diagonal band and lateral septal nucleus, and a sparse innervation in the
      medial septal nucleus, the septofimbrial nucleus and the dorsal part of the
      interstitial nucleus of the stria terminalis. 3. The Mesencephalic Dopaminergic
      System. This system originates in the medial part of the A10 cell group, the
      axons forming two distinct terminal patterns. In the first type, smooth axons
      form pericellular arrangements around non-fluorscent neurons in the lateral
      septal nucleus. The second type is formed by fine-varicose axons which form a
      dense band around the fornix in the medial part of the lateral septal nucleus. 4.
      The Incerto-Hypothalamic Dopaminergic System. These axons most probably originate
      in cell bodies of the diencephalic A11, A13 and A14 cell groups, and are found in
      the lateral septal nucleus at the level of the anterior commissure.

PMID- 688340
TI  - Localization of monoamines in the forebrain of two salmonid species, with special
      reference to the hypothalamo-hypophysial system.
AB  - In the salmon and trout aminergic cell bodies were found in the nucleus recessus
      lateralis (NRL) and the nucleus recessus posterioris (NRP), both of which are
      situated near the third ventricle. Three cell types could be distinguished. Type
      1 produces a green and type 2 a yellow fluorescence. The former type probably
      contains dopamine and the later 5-hydroxytryptamine. Both types possess
      intraventricular protrusions in contact with the cerebrospinal fluid. The third
      cell type produces a less intense blue-green fluorescence; relatively few cells
      of this type have thick processes in contact with the ventricle. In addition,
      large fluorescent cells were found in the salmon, dorsal from the caudal part of
      the NRL. The various parts of the NRL and NRP are interconnected by thick bundles
      of nerve fibers; tracts leaving the nuclei could be traced for short distances
      only. The cells of the nucleus praeopticus (NPO), those of the medial part and to
      a much lesser extent also of the lateral part of the nucleus lateralis tuberis
      (NLT) have an aminergic innervation which probably originates form the NRL and/or
      NRP. All parts of the neurohypophysis contain many monoaminergic fibers, with
      aminergic material concentrated at the neuro-adenohypophysial interface. Fibers
      were not observed to penetrate the basal lamina. In the salmon and trout the
      fibers have a similar distribution, but differ in the intensity of fluorescence,
      being high in the salmon and low in the trout. Only in the trout have fluorescent
      cells been found in the adenohypophysis and very occasionally in the
      neurohypophysis. A number of these cells are basophilic and show a PAS-positive
      reaction.

PMID- 688341
TI  - Neuronal connectivity patterns in the compound eyes of Artemia salina and Daphnia
      magna (Crustacea: Branchiopoda).
AB  - The neuronal types and patterns in the visual system of the species Artemia
      salina and Daphina magna have been studied with the Golgi method and electron
      microscopy. The lamina contains five classes of neurons: photoreceptor axons,
      monopolar, centrifugal, tangential and amacrine neurons. The terminals of the
      receptor axons are distributed in two (A. salina) or three (D. magna) layers. The
      dilated terminals have an extensive and wide array of fine branches. One axon
      from each ommatidium bypasses the lamina and terminates in the medula in A.
      salina. A. salina has four types of monopolar neurons, two of which are
      stratified, whereas in D. magna only two types are found, one of which is
      bistratified. Tangential T-neurons connect the lamina with the protocerebrum. D.
      magna has in addition one tangential T-neuron connecting both the lamina and the
      medulla with the protocerebrum. In both species monopolar-type centrifugal
      neurons connect the medulla and the lamina, whereas that of A. salina has a wide
      laminar distribution. Both species also have amacrine cells in the lamina. The
      medulla contains, besides those shared with the lamina, transmedullary neurons
      (two types in A. salina), amacrine cells and neurons originating in the
      protocerebrum. "Cartridge"-type synaptic compartments are lacking in the
      investigated species, although a periodic arrangement is discernible in the
      distal portion of the lamina of A. salina. The receptors from three types of
      specialized contacts in Artemia, one of which involves a dyad. D. magna has only
      one-to-one synapses. Neurosecretory fibres are absent in A. salina.

PMID- 688342
TI  - The effect of haemorrhage on the cell populations of the thymus and bone marrow
      in wild starlings (Sturnus vulgaris).
AB  - Following the withdrawal of blood from the brachial vein of adult wild starlings
      (Sturnus vulgaris) changes in the cell populations within the bone marrow and
      thymus were observed over an eight day period. The packed cell volume,
      haemoglobin content and reticulocyte count of the peripheral blood was determined
      before and after haemorrhage. The maximum effect of the haemorrhage was observed
      in the bone marrow after four days when the population of small lymphocytes, and
      basophilic erythroid precursors were reduced to less than 1%. At the same time
      the percentage of another line of erythroid cells increased to 68%. This second
      erythroid lineage was the major erythroid line in the thymus, and again maximum
      representation occurred at 4 days post haemorrhage. After this the thymus became
      predominantly lymphoid and started to increase in size. The two erythroid lines
      are described and their status with regard to avian thrombocytes is also
      discussed. The peripheral blood had not attained the pre-haemorrhagic values for
      reticulocyte counts by eight days although the packed cell volumes and
      haemoglobin contents were similar.

PMID- 688343
TI  - An ultrastructural study of regeneration of minced smooth muscle in the vas
      deferens of the guinea-pig.
AB  - Electron microscopic studies were made of the regeneration of minced smooth
      muscle of the vas deferens of the guinea-pig 3 days to 15 weeks after operation.
      At 3--5 days the mince contained degenerating smooth muscle cells and
      dedifferentiating cells showing characteristics of embryonic smooth muscle cells:
      numerous free ribosomes, well developed rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi
      apparatus with few peripherally placed myofilaments associated with dense bodies.
      During the first two weeks of regeneration, scattered cells surrounded by debris
      and collagen were separated by a large extra-cellular space. After three weeks,
      extracellular space was reduced to near normal values. Regenerating cells had a
      shorter length than normal cells, but during later stages of regeneration they
      showed an increase in diameter. Muscle effector bundles began to form after 2 to
      3 weeks. Initially there were large gaps between the muscle cells, but at later
      stages of bundle formation, the extracellular space between the muscle cells was
      much reduced. From 3 weeks, arterioles appeared between the smooth muscle bundles
      in the regenerating areas. Regeneration of individual smooth muscle cells was
      complete by 15 weeks after the operation.

PMID- 688344
TI  - Reinnervation of regenerating smooth muscle cells in minced vas deferens of the
      guinea-pig.
AB  - In adult guinea-pigs, a portion of the wall of the vas deferens was removed,
      minced and replaced. This caused muslce cells to dedifferentiate, divide and
      redifferentiate. Reinnervation of redifferentiating cells was followed using
      electron microscopy and histochemistry. Adrenergic nerves were first observed to
      re-enter the regenerating area 5 days after operation, and close contacts (within
      20 nm) with muscle cells were first seen at 10 days. The total number of
      adrenergic nerves per 100 muscle cells reached contol values by 5 weeks, and by
      15 weeks was higher than control levels. Cholinergic nerves first appeared in the
      regenerating area about 3--4 weeks after the operation. The total number of
      cholinergic nerves present had not reached control values even at 15 weeks, and
      no nerve muscle contacts within 20 nm were observed. The ratio of adrenergic to
      cholinergic nerves in the regenerating area was higher at 15 weeks than in
      control tissue.

PMID- 688345
TI  - The ultrastructure of the male and female prostate of Praomys (Mastomys)
      natalensis. I. Normal, castrated and ovariectomised animals.
AB  - Male ventral and female prostates of Praomys (Mastomys) natalensis were examined
      with the electron microscope. The findings support and add to information
      obtained with the light microscope on tissues from normal, castrated and
      ovariectomised animals. Our results indicate that although the female prostate
      may be considered a homologue of the male ventral ventral prostate anatomically
      and histologically, there are differences in sub-cellular morphology and hormone
      dependence. Cells of the intact ventral prostate of the male are characterised by
      prominent dilated Golgi vesicles and electron-dense "mature secretory granules"
      seen in the apical region of the cell. In the cells of the female prostate these
      features are absent. These morphological differences reflect the influence of
      hormones upon the cells, as shown by the reduction of the dilated Golgi vesicles
      in the castrated male and conversely, their occasional presence in the cells of
      the oestrous female. Comparison of castrated and ovariectomised animals shows
      that the male ventral prostate is much more dependent on androgens than the
      female is on ovarian hormones. There are several modes of secretion in the male
      ventral and the female prostate. These are by acellular and cellular blebbing, by
      a variety of secretory vesicles into the acinar lumina, and by a system of
      "double walled" vesicles not previously described.

PMID- 688346
TI  - Podocytes in the blood vessel linings of Phoronis muelleri (Phoronida,
      Tentaculata).
AB  - In several metasomal blood vessels of Phoronis muelleri myofilament-containing
      podocytes are the predominatnt cell-type. In some regions the podocytes can build
      a labyrinth resembling e.g. the glomerular epithelium of Enteropneusta and the
      axial organ of Asteroidea.

PMID- 688347
TI  - On the chromaffin cells in dog adrenal medulla; with special reference to the
      small granule chromaffin cells (SGC cells).
AB  - Small granule chromaffin cells (SGC cells) were identified in the adrenal medulla
      of adult dogs. They were small in size and usually showed a high nucleo
      cytoplasmic ratio. Cytoplasmic projections were occasionally observed in some of
      these cells. They contained a variable number of small secretory granules with
      diameters ranging from 70 to 300 nm, but mostly from 100 to 200 nm. The densities
      of the secretory granules were variable, ranging from highly dense to less dense.
      These adrenal SGC cells were rich in free ribosomes and polysomes, but were
      relatively poor in other cell organelles. Chromaffin cells which were
      intermediate in their characteristics (IM cells) between the SGC cells and the
      typical A and N cells were also identified. These IM cells contained both highly
      electron dense and less dense granules in various proportions. The IM cells were
      classified into two subgroups, according to the proportions of adrenaline type
      granules and noradrenaline type granules. One group resembled A cells (IM-A
      cells) and the other resembled N cells (IM-N cells). Light microscopic
      histochemical studies of A cells stained with the ammoniacal silver solution
      demonstrated that they contained a small number of darkly stained granules.
      Electron microscopic cytochemistry revealed that the electron dense granuls in
      the SGC cells, IM cells and A cells reacted positively with both the potassium
      dichromate solution at pH 4.1 and the ammoniacal silver solution.

PMID- 688348
TI  - The uterovaginal sperm host glands of the quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica): an
      ultrastructural and ultracytochemical study.
AB  - Ultrastructural and ultrahistochemical studies were performed on the uterovaginal
      sperm host glands of the quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). The proximal parts
      of the glandular necks are lined by a pseudostratified epithelium, consisting of
      high columnar ciliated cells and small, irregular shaped, basal cells. The true
      glandular epithelium is composed only of columnar cells with microvilli on their
      luminal end. A characteristic luminal feature is a large lipid droplet in the
      perinuclear region. In the subplasmalemmal region numberous tubular profiles are
      seen which could represent a cellular resorption system. To evaluate the
      absorptive capacity of the uterovaginal sperm host glands, tracer studies with
      HRP, ferritin, lanthanum and ruthenium red were undertaken. Since between 5 min
      and 3 h after injection no absorption could be found with the techniques
      mentioned, it is suggested that phagocytosis of spermatozoa by the glandular
      epithelium is not likely to occur.

PMID- 688349
TI  - Desmosomes: their occurrence between adjacent primary oocytes in polyovular
      follicles in the rabbit.
AB  - In polyovular, primordial follicles in the rabbit, desmosomes are found between
      apposing oocyte surfaces. Morphologically these desmosomes correspond closely to
      those described in epithelia of vertebrates. The desmosomes alternate with other
      junctions which are probably gap junctions.

PMID- 688350
TI  - Antennal sensory system of Periplaneta americana L.: distribution and frequency
      of morphologic types of sensilla and their sex-specific changes during
      postembryonic development.
AB  - The morphology of the antennal hair-sensilla of Periplaneta americana, their
      distribution and frequency on the antennal flagellum have been examined by
      transmission- and scanning-electron microscopy. The types of sensilla were
      distinguished with respect to physiologically relevant criteria such as wall
      structure and number of sensory cells. Among the sensilla of the antenna of the
      adult male, long, single-walled sensilla with four sensory cells (types sw B),
      Probably responsible for reception of sexual pheromones, are most frequent,
      representing about 54% of the antennal sensilla. About half of these sensilla are
      newly-formed at the imaginal ecdysis; the other half are derived from the shorter
      type sw B sensilla of the nymphal antenna. Short type sw B sensilla are present
      in all larval stages of both sexes and in adult females as well. During the
      imaginal ecdysis of males, however, the length of these sensilla increases to
      double that found in nymphs. Dendritic branches also increase in number. During
      postembryonic development, the number of sensory fibers in the antennal flagellum
      increases nearly 20-fold, from 14,000 in the first larval instar to about 270,000
      in the adult male. The greatest increase, approximately 90%, occurs during the
      last developmental stage.

PMID- 688351
TI  - Extracellular microtubule-like structures in the retina of the rainbow trout:
      development, intercellular connectivity and reaction to vincristine.
AB  - Extracellular microtubule-like structures (MLS) are described in the retina of
      the rainbow trout. They appear about 30 to 40 days after hatching, when the yolk
      sac is consumed and the animal begins to swim and to nourish actively. They fill
      a widely branched system of extracellular clefts and spaces, and connect
      different cells and cell types, especially outer horizontal cells and bipolar
      cells. The MLS are not affected by the vinca alcaloid vincristine, although this
      drug penetrates into the MLS-filled space, as has been shown by the formation of
      intracellular, vincristine-induced tubulin paracrystals. The MLS are compared
      with other extracellular tubular structures described in other animal tissues.
      Their functional significance remains unclear.

PMID- 688352
TI  - Ultrastructural dynamics of the corpus allatum of Choleva angustata Fab.
      (Coleoptera, Catopidae).
AB  - The ultrastructure of the corpora allata (CA) during postembryonic stages of
      Choleva angustata Fab. shows cyclic changes, in particular regarding the
      endoplasmic reticulum and the mitochondria. During the last larval instar, at the
      short transitory period which follows the cessation of alimentation, we observed
      a highly unusual appearance of the CA, characterized by intensive vacuolization.
      After this transitory period, the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ser) disappears
      until the imago emerges. These observations along with our experimental data
      permit a physiological interpretation.

PMID- 688353
TI  - Ultrastructural studies on prolactin and growth hormone cells in Anguilla
      pituitaries in long term cultures.
AB  - Eel hemi-pituitaries were cultured in vitro on high or low sodium media,
      previously shown to affect differentially prolactin and growth hormone release.
      After 6 days culture, there were marked differences in the ultrastructure or both
      prolactin and growth hormone cells from the two groups. Morphometric data on the
      prolactin cells from SW-adapted eels showed a greater abundance of RER and
      paucity of secretory granules in cells from the low sodium medium. The size of
      the Golgi apparatus and the number of exocytosed secretory granules did not
      differ markedly between experimental groups, in contrast to previous findings on
      short-term cultures. Differences in the profile diameters of secretory granules
      are recorded between the experimental groups and the pattern differs markedly
      from that previously recorded for short-term cultures. The growth hormone cells
      from low sodium media were characterised by abundant, vesiculated RER, a
      prominent Golgi apparatus (in SW-adapted animals) and relatively few secretory
      granules. The activity of these growth hormone cells is in marked contrast to
      previous findings relating to short-term cultures. The shape and size of the non
      granulated (stellate) cells of the RPD was again affected by the osmotic pressure
      of the medium.

PMID- 688354
TI  - The frontal ganglion of Periplaneta americana L. (Insecta): an electron
      microscopic and immunohistochemical study.
AB  - The frontal ganglion, part of the stomatogastric nervous system, contains about
      60 to 80 neurons, 25 to 30 micron in diameter. A well developed Golgi system,
      producing dense-core vesicles, lysosomes, multivesicular bodies and dense bodies
      are abundant. Glia elements are sparsely distributed. Many nerve fibres contain
      granules of different size and electron density. Five groups of fibres can be
      distinguished: Fibres with granules of about 200 nm (type A), fibres with
      granules of about 160 to 170 nm (type B), fibres with granules of about 80 to 100
      nm (type C) and those with synaptic vesicles of 50 nm (type D) respectively. A
      fifth very small type contains neither vesicles nor granules. Special attention
      was paid to synaptic contacts. The divergent dyad seems to be the main type in
      the frontal ganglion. Frequently, neurosecretory endings are observed in
      presynaptic position. Immunocytochemical "staining" of neurosecretory material
      closely corresponds to the distribution of type A fibres, as observed electron
      microscopically. Immunoelectrophoresis of extracts from frontal ganglia with
      polyspecific anti-neurosecretion-serum reveals a single precipitation line,
      indicating that the immunocytochemical localization of neurosecretory material is
      due to reaction with a specific as well as a cross-reagent anitbody.

PMID- 688355
TI  - Evidence for amygdaloid projections to the contralateral hypothalamus and the
      ipsilateral midbrain in the rat.
AB  - Light microscopic autoradiography was performed subsequent to injection of
      tritiated amino acids into various parts of the amygdaloid body of the rat.
      Evidence is provided for two hitherto unreported projections of the amygdala:
      from the medial amygdaloid nucleus to the contralateral premamillary nuclei and
      from the central amygdaloid nucleus to the mesencephalic central grey. The
      functional implications of these findings are discussed.

PMID- 688356
TI  - The spermatozoon of Oikopleura dioica Fol (Larvacea, Tunicata).
AB  - The spermatozoon of Oikopleura dioica is about 30 micron long, with a spherical
      head, about 1 micron wide, a 3 micron long and 1 micron wide midpiece, and a 25
      micron long tail with a tapered end piece. The head contains a nucleus with the
      chromatin volume limited to about 0.1 micron3. A small acrosome is found in an
      anterior inpocketing, and a flagellar basal body in a posterior inpocketing of
      the nucleus. The midpiece contains a single mitochondrion with the flagellar
      axoneme embedded in a grove along its medial surface. The flagellar axoneme has
      the typical 9 + 2 substructure, and the basal body the typical 9 + 0
      substructure. A second centriole and special anchoring fibres are absent.

PMID- 688357
TI  - Ultrastructure and migration of screening pigments in the retina of Pieris rapae
      L. (Lepidoptera, Pieridae).
AB  - The retinal morphology of the butterfly, Pieris rapae L., was investigated using
      light and electron microscopy with special emphasis on the morphology and
      distribution of its screening pigments. Pigment migration in pigment- and
      retinula cells was analysed after light-dark adaptation and after different
      selective chromatic adaptations. The primary pigment cells with white- to yellow
      green pigments symmetrically surround the cone process and the distal half of the
      crystalline cone, whilst the six secondary pigment cells, around each ommatidium,
      contain dark brown pigment granules. The nine retinula cells in one ommatidium
      can be categorised into four types. Receptor cells 1-4, which have microvilli in
      the distal half of the ommatidium only, contain numerous dark brown pigment
      granules. On the basis of the pigment content and morphology of their pigment
      granules, two groups of cells, cells 1, 2 and cells 3, 4 can be distinguished.
      The four diagonally arranged cells (5-8), with rhabdomeric structures and
      pigments in the proximal half of the cells, contain small red pigment granules of
      irregular shape. The ninth cell, which has only a small number of microvilli,
      lacks pigment. Chromatic adaptation experiments in which the location of retinula
      cell pigment granules was used as a criterium reveal two UV-receptors (cells 1
      and 2), two green receptors (cells 3 and 4) and four cells (5-8) containing the
      red screening pigment, with a yellow-green sensitivity.

PMID- 688358
TI  - Induction of paracrystalline arrays by vincristine in the synaptic formations of
      the teleost retina.
AB  - After injection of 10 microliter 10(-3) M vincristine into the vitreous body of
      the eye of the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri, Richardson), paracrystalline
      arrays in cell bodies, cell processes and presynaptic formations of the retina
      cells were observed. The structures resemble the paracrystalline lattice
      identified by several authors as microtubular protein. The paracrystals in both
      microtubule-rich cell processes and in synaptic areas, which show only a few or
      no microtubules, appear to be equivalent. The synaptic paracrystals are suggested
      to arise from both soluble tubulin and synaptic vesicles, indicating a functional
      role of tubulin in synaptic transmission.

PMID- 688359
TI  - The influence of activation, removal or denervation of the pineal on the fine
      structure of the Leydig cell and seminal vesicle epithelium in golden hamsters.
AB  - Fine structural changes of testicular interstitial cells of Leydig and secretory
      cells of seminal vesicles were studied in golden hamsters under different
      functional states of the pineal gland. Experiments were performed in the
      reproductive season (summer months). In the hamsters blinded for 8 weeks the
      testes and the seminal vesicles were markedly atrophic, and the Leydig cells and
      the secretory cells of seminal vesicles were extremely involuted. By contrast,
      both types of cells in the pinealectomized or superior cervical ganglionectomized
      hamsters exhibited cytological features suggestive of an enhanced secretory
      activity. This study shows that functional activity of Leydig cells as well as
      secretory cells of seminal vesicles in the hamster may be depressed or augmented
      by stimulating of inhibiting the pineal antigonadal function, respectively,
      without performing hypophysectomy or hormonal administration.

PMID- 688360
TI  - Culture of human pituitary prolactin and growth hormone cells.
AB  - Fragments of pituitary tissue obtained from a total of 37 patients with either
      breast cancer, diabetic retinopathy, galactorrhea, or acromegaly were dissociated
      into single cell suspensions prior to cell culture. Release of human growth
      hormone (hGH) and human prolactin (hPRL) into the culture medium was measured by
      radioimmunoassay. During a 3-week culture period, prolactin cells released 9--13
      times the intracellular levels of hPRL at the time of seeding, whereas hGH
      release from growth hormone cells was only 1--2 times that of their initial
      intracellular level during this same time. Both growth hormone and prolactin
      cells retained distinctive ultrastructural features during culture. The prolactin
      cells responded to TRH stimulation by elevated release of PRL into the medium. No
      evidence for mitotic division of prolactin cells in vitro was found.

PMID- 688361
TI  - Surface fine structure of the subfornical organ in the Japanese quail, Coturnix
      coturnix japonica.
AB  - The surface ultrastructure of the subfornical organ (SFO) was investigated in the
      Japanese quail. The SFO consists of a body and a stalk. The body of the SFO can
      be divided into rostral and caudal parts. On the rostral part, each ependymal
      cell possesses a short central solitary cilium; clustered cilia are also
      occasionally seen. Microvilli are abundant. On the caudal part, cells with a
      solitary cilium are fewer in number, and clustered cilia are rarely found.
      Microvilli are not as abundant as on the rostral part. In addition, large bulbous
      protrusions, tufts of small protrusions, deep funnel-shaped hollows, small
      pinocytotic invaginations and possible cerebrospinal fluid-contacting axons are
      sporadically observed on the surface of various regions of the body. Each
      ependymal cell of the stalk has a wide apical surface. A central solitary cilium,
      microvilli and other structures are observed more rarely on the stalk than on the
      body, while clustered cilia are not seen on the stalk. These structures are
      compared with those of the mammalian SFO and further discussed in relation to the
      possible dipsogenic receptor function for angiotensin II.

PMID- 688362
TI  - Parenchymal fine structure of the subfornical organ in the Japanese quail,
      Coturnix coturnix japonica.
AB  - The parenchyma of the subfornical organ (SFO) of the Japanese quail was studied
      by light and electron microscopy. The SFO consists of ependymal, intermediate,
      and basal (perimeningeal) layers. In the intermediate layer, neurons, glial
      cells, and their processes are found. Axons containing dense core granules
      approximately 80 nm in diameter are numerous, some of which make synaptic contact
      with the neuronal perikarya or dendrites. Synaptic vesicles in some axons contain
      a dense dot in the interior after treatment with 5-hydroxydopamine. The activity
      of the SFO, which is probably concerned with elicitation of drinking by
      angiotensin II, may be regulated at least partly by afferent monoaminergic axons.
      Capillaries with a non-fenestrated endothelium are occasionally found in the
      parenchyma. The basal layer is occupied by glial processes abutting on the
      digitating layer of perivascular connective tissue of meningeal vessels. The
      endothelium of these vessels is occasionally fenestrated. Trypan blue injected
      systemically accumulated in the SFO, but not in the deeper areas of the brain.
      The absence of a blood-brain barrier is suggested in the SFO.

PMID- 688363
TI  - Direct connections between mitochondria and catecholamine-storage vesicles
      demonstrated by high voltage electron microscopy in rat adrenal medulla.
AB  - Tubular channels from mitochondria to catecholamine-storage vesicles have been
      demonstrated in thick sections of adrenal medullary tissue from hypoglycemia
      stressed rats by the use of the high voltage electron microscope. The function of
      these connections is not presently known although they may serve as channels for
      the transport of materials such as high-energy nucleotides from one organelle to
      the other. The present study has examined only the adrenal medulla, but it should
      be considered that such connections may also exist in other neural cells and
      possibly other cells in which there is intracellular transport of ATP.

PMID- 688364
TI  - Structure of occluding junctions in ileal epithelial cells of suckling rats.
AB  - Two kinds of occluding junctions are found between ileal epithelial cells of
      suckling rats: apical zonulae occludentes (ZO) and fasciae occludentes (FO) which
      are associated with the lateral plasma membranes of many epithelial cells. In
      unfixed preparations, glycerol treatment induces the further proliferation of
      extensive fasciae occludentes. Both kinds of junction have identical structural
      elements when visualized in freeze fracture replicas, although the arrangement of
      these elements differs. Zonulae occludentes consist of networks of branching and
      anastomosing linear ridges or rows of approximately 10 nm particles with 20--30
      nm spaces between the rows which form narrow belt-like structures around the
      apical region of adjacent cells. Fasciae occludentes, on the other hand, consist
      of similar linear ridges or rows of particles but the junction strands are often
      discontinuous, open ended and only occasionally intersect with each other.
      Several different fracture planes through the plasma membrane in the region of
      the occluding junctions have been observed and these provide further evidence
      that two components, one from each membrane, fused at the level of the
      extracellular space, form the junction sealing element. Furthermore, we present
      evidence which indicates a staggered rather than an in-register arrangement of
      these two components.

PMID- 688365
TI  - Transient occurrence of chloride cells in the abdominal epidermis of the guppy,
      Poecilia reticulata Peters, adapted to sea water.
AB  - Chloride cells are characterized by a great number of mitochondria and a uniquely
      proliferated agranular endoplasmic reticulum through which ions are transported
      to an apical pit for secretion to the environment. Chloride cells are extremely
      rare in the epidermis of the guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, adapted to fresh
      water. They are frequent in the epidermis of guppies adapted to sea water three
      weeks after adaptation, but have disappeared in fish that were kept in sea water
      for approximately one year. The fine structure of epidermal chloride cells and
      the influence of prolactin treatment on their number are described. The
      significance of these cells with respect to the possible roles of the epidermis
      and the pituitary hormone prolactin in teleost osmoregulation is discussed.

PMID- 688366
TI  - Cytological observations on the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus.
AB  - Two sorts of neurons are recognized in Golgi impregnations of the rat
      ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (HVM). The two cell types, category I and II
      neurons, are differentiated on the basis of their somatic, dendritic, and axonal
      characteristics. Category  I neurons form most of the neuronal population and are
      located throughout HVM. The small number of category II neurons that have been
      studied occur in lateral HVM. Two varieties of neuronal profile, "common" and
      "uncommon cells", are seen in thin sections of HVM. The "uncommon cells", in
      comparison with the "common ones", appear to have a larger soma, a more electron
      dense cytoplasmic matrix, an abundance of Nissl bodies, and a population of dense
      cored vesicles (100--130 nm in diameter). Some of the somata and proximal
      dendrites of "common", but not "uncommon" cells, are wrapped in multiple layers
      of astrocytic processes. Although the correlation is tentative, it is argued that
      category I neurons correspond to "common cells" and category II, to "uncommon
      cells". One possible implication of this correspondence is discussed regarding
      neuronal alteration in response to change in the endocrinological environment of
      the brain.

PMID- 688367
TI  - Effects of hormone-releasing stimuli on the area of the perivascular space in the
      neural lobe of the rat.
AB  - Neural lobes from rats subjected to neurohypophysial hormone-releasing stimuli
      were examined electron microscopically following fixation in 4% tannic acid in
      2.5% glutaraldehyde. This fixation allowed the delineation of the perivascular
      space in the neural lobe tissue. Measurement of the area of the perivascular
      space showed that it was significantly increased in the rats subjected to vagal
      stimulation and intraarterial calcium ions compared to the control rats. The rats
      which had been subjected to haemorrhage as a hormone-releasing stimulus did not
      show any significant change in the area of the perivascular space. The
      significance of these findings in relation to hormone release is discussed.

PMID- 688369
TI  - The origin, structure and occurrence of corpora amylacea in the bovine mammary
      gland and in milk.
AB  - Corpora amylacea were present in variable numbers in the mammary glands of 8
      lactating cows but they were not observed in the glands of pregnant or virgin
      heifers. In primiparous cows they were relatively simple bodies composed of 2--3
      concentric layers but in multiparous animals, more complex multilayered
      structures were also noted. Corpora amylacea were formed in alveoli lined with
      actively secreting cells. The initial stage of their formation involved the
      aggregation, fusion and compaction of casein micelles in the alveolar milk. The
      resulting structure acted as a nucleus for further growth which occurred by the
      addition of material of micellar origin to its surface. Bodies containing a large
      proportion of crystalline material were common. Contact of corpora amylacea with
      the alveolar epithelium often caused flattening or irreversible damage to the
      secretory cells. The corpora amylacea recovered from milk corresponded in
      appearance to various stages in their growth seen in the mammary gland. They were
      usually present in the colostrum of multiparous cows but never in that from
      primiparous animals. In only 1 cow was the colostrum and milk found to be
      consistently free of corpora amylacea.

PMID- 688368
TI  - Fine structure of the palisade zone of the rat median eminence as revealed by
      freeze-fracturing.
AB  - Nerve terminals in the palisade zone of the rat median eminence were investigated
      with freeze-fracture electron microscopy. Fracture face P of the specific
      terminals showed two populations of intramembranous particles (IMP): a large and
      a small variety. The large IMP-s often formed small irregular clusters. In nerve
      terminals the total number of both populations of IMP-s was considerably less
      than that found on P membrane faces of ependymal feet. On fracture face E of the
      nerve terminals, the number of IMP-s was about a quarter of that seen on fracture
      face P. On both fracture faces of most terminals a few small round impressions
      (or elevations respectively) were found which may be interpreted as broken necks
      of either exo- or endocytotic vesicles. Neither gap nor tight junctions occurred
      at lateral membranes of the specific axon terminals. Similarly, no membrane
      specializations were observed with freeze-fracturing on membrane areas adjacent
      to the basement membrane. The findings are discussed in relation to a possible
      exocytosis mechanism of the hypothalamic releasing and inhibiting hormones.

PMID- 688370
TI  - Lymph node macrophages and reticulum cells in the immune response. I. The primary
      response to paratyphoid vaccine.
AB  - The reactivity of rat lymph node macrophages and reticulum cells has been studied
      in relation to the course of the immune response. Special attention was paid to
      the interdigitating cells (IDC) in the paracortex and the dendritic reticulum
      cells (DRC) in the germinal centre. Different types of macrophage predominate in
      the three different phases of the immune response. In the induction phase exudate
      macrophages predominate. They transform their morphology depending on the micro
      environment in which they settle. These cells may contain Birbeck granules. Our
      experiments suggest, that these granules are immunologically specific organelles,
      associated with the induction of a primary humoral response. In the proliferation
      phase transitional cells between newly arrived macrophages and IDC predominate in
      the paracortex and the number of IDC decreases. In the memory phase IDC
      repopulate this thymus dependent area, indicating that the characteristic
      morphology of these cells results from the immune response in the T cell
      environment. The DRC are specifically related to the germinal centre, the
      morphological transformation of this peculiar reticulum cell occurs under the
      influence of the germinal centre reaction. The germinal centre reaction
      originates by tingible body macrophages (TBM).

PMID- 688371
TI  - Ultrastructural analysis of the action of reserpine on the brain neuroendocrine
      system of the wax moth, Galleria mellonella L., Lepidoptera.
AB  - This study concerns the influence of reserpine on the fine structure of
      peptidergic neurosecretory cells in the pars intercerebralis of Galleria
      mellonella, and of neurons containing smaller dense-cored vesicles (presumed to
      be aminergic) localized in the same area of the brain. The drug, administered in
      doses of 125 microgram and 250 microgram per g of insect body weight, reduces
      both the amount and the electron opacity of the dense-cored vesicles with a
      diameter of 60--80 nm in the neuronal perikarya as well as their terminals.
      Simultaneously, this treatment evokes an abnormal accumulation of secretory
      granules within the perikarya of peptidergic neurosecretory cells belonging to
      three types. This accumulation of secretory material is followed by some changes
      in the fine structure of these cells. One (fourth) type of neurosecretory cells
      seems to be insensitive to reserpine action. Participation of the aminergic
      system in the regulation of the secretory activity of some populations of
      peptidergic neurosecretory neurons of the insect brain is postulated.

PMID- 688372
TI  - Kinetics of functional and morphological changes during decoupling and recoupling
      induced by glycerol in isolated muscle fibres of the crayfish.
AB  - The development of ultrastructural changes in the T-system of isolated muscle
      fibres of the crayfish by the glycerol procedure is described in correlation with
      the dissociation of excitation-contraction (E--C) coupling as well as with
      recoupling of the E--C link. The sequence of events in the process of
      disconnection of the tubules is as follows: dilation of the T-system tubules,
      disconnection of the constricted tubular segments from the surface membrane and
      from the T-system vesicle, disappearance of the lumen and its disintegration. The
      decoupled state is characterised by the presence of round vesicles uniformly
      distributed in the entire volume of the fibre. The volume of vesicles accounts
      well for the residual postglycerol volume increase (15%) of the muscle fibres.
      Functional and structural recovery can be induced by reapplication of glycerol to
      fibres decoupled and vesiculated with concentrations of glycerol less than or
      equal to 300mmol.l(-1) in crayfish saline. The restitution starts with the
      organisation of the material of the disintegrated connecting segment of the T
      system tubule into small vesicles which coalesce to form the tubule from the
      vesicular site. At the same time the surface membrane is invaginated toward the
      vesicle, thus forming the tubule from the surface membrane site. Recovery starts
      already in the first minute after application of glycerol and is completed within
      approximately 15 min.

PMID- 688373
TI  - A dividing granule-containing cell in the pelvic ganglion of the guinea-pig.
AB  - A dividing granule-containing cell is described in the pelvic ganglion of the
      guinea-pig two days after pelvic nerve section. This appears to be the first
      report of a dividing granule-containing cell in adult tissue.

PMID- 688374
TI  - Morphological changes in the esophageal epithelium of the eel, Anguilla japonica,
      during adaptation to seawater.
AB  - The esophageal epithelium of the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica, was studied by
      light and electron microscopy. In freshwater-adapted eels, longitudinal folds of
      the mucosal surface are simple in form and lined by a stratified epithelium
      composed of mucous cells, filament- and ribosome-rich cells. Mucous cells are
      numerous. The filament-rich cells form the outermost and the basal layers of the
      stratified epithelium and are scattered in the middle zone among the mucous
      cells. They are firmly bound to one another by many desmosomes and prominent
      interdigitations of plasma membrane. The distal free surface of the filament-rich
      cell has a fingerprint-like pattern of microridges. A small number of columnar
      cells occur at the apices of the folds. They are rich in mitochondria and their
      distal surfaces bear short microvilli. In seawater-adapted eels, irregularly
      meandering folds increase the surface area of the mucosa. The stratified
      epithelium is extensively replaced by a simple columnar epithelium free of mucous
      cells. The columnar cells resemble in many respects those found in freshwater
      adapted eels. They are rich in mitochondria and their distal free surface were
      provided with short microvilli. However, prominent lateral intercellular spaces
      and elaborate interdigitations of cytoplasmic processes in the distal zone
      distinguish the former from the latter. Results are considered in connection with
      the changes in ion and water permeability of the epithelium after seawater
      adaptation.

PMID- 688375
TI  - Ultrastructure of capillaries in the conduction system of the heart in various
      mammals.
AB  - The capillaries in the atrioventricular node and atriventricular bundle of the
      heart (mammals) were investigated by thin sections and freeze-etch replicas.
      Fenestrated endothelial cells were found to occur in all mammals examined in this
      study. These fenestrations (500 +/- 50 A diameter) are bridged by a diaphragm and
      occur in relatively small sieve areas. In contrast to the AV-node and AV-bundle,
      the non-specialized myocardium is supplied by continuous capillaries. The
      presence of the fenestrated capillary in the conduction system of the heart may
      serve to increase both permeability and passive transport capacity.

PMID- 688376
TI  - Endoneurial mast cells in peripheral nerves of the armadillo dermis.
AB  - Electron microscopy of the dermis of the 9-banded armadillo, Dasypus
      novemcinctus, reveals an intimate relationship of mast cells to peripheral
      nerves. Mast cells are routinely found in the dermis in close proximity to
      nerves, and mast cells are also present within the perineurial cell sheath in the
      endoneurial space proper. These cells contain electron opaque granules and
      exhibit numerous surface folds as is characteristic of other species. The
      degranulation of the mast cells by injection of 0.5% aqueous trypan blue reveals
      sequential exocytosis of granules, similar to that described for the rat.
      Degranulation occurs in most dermal and endoneurial mast cells following a single
      intradermal injection of trypan blue. A small number of mast cells partially
      degranulate and a few exhibit no degranulation, suggesting a heterogeneous
      population. It is also noted that mitochondrial morphology differs in
      degranulating cells, in that they become swollen and vacuolated. The results of
      this study are discussed in light of previous results reported for other species,
      mainly at the light microscope level.

PMID- 688377
TI  - Four cases with complete occlusion of the aorta below the renal axis.

PMID- 688378
TI  - Drug compliance and therapeutic considerations in 75 black epileptic children.

PMID- 688379
TI  - A study of gonorrhoea in the Rhodesian African.

PMID- 688380
TI  - Aspects of rural health VI: Health education.

PMID- 688381
TI  - The isolation of vascular endothelial cell lines with altered cell surface and
      platelet-binding properties.

PMID- 688382
TI  - The structural organization of DNA packaged within the heads of T4 wild-type,
      isometric and giant bacteriophages.
AB  - We present electron microscopic and X-ray diffraction evidence concerning the
      structural organization of condensed DNA within a series of T4 bacteriophage with
      the following head morphologies: prolate (wild-type), isometric and giant (with
      greatly increased axial ratio). In all cases, the DNA helix segments are locally
      parallel and 27 A apart. For the giant particles, we show that the DNA forms a
      large coil whose axis is perpendicular to the axis of the phage tail. This
      evidence, combined with previous results from a series of isometric
      bacteriophages (Earnshaw and Harrison, 1977), leads to a model for the
      organization of condensed DNA that may apply to most dsDNA-containing
      bacteriophages.

PMID- 688383
TI  - Patterns of integration of viral DNA sequences in the genomes of adenovirus type
      12-transformed hamster cells.
AB  - The patterns of integration of the viral genome have been analyzed in four
      hamster cell lines transformed by adenovirus type 12 (Ad12). It has previously
      been shown that in each of the cell lines HA12/7, T637, A2497-2 and A2497-3, the
      viral genome persists in multiple copies, and that different parts of the viral
      DNA are represented non-stoichiometrically (Fanning and Doerfler, 1976). All four
      cell lines are oncogenic when injected into hamsters. The DNA from each of the
      cell lines was extracted and cleaved in different experiments with restriction
      endonucleases Bam HI, Bgl II, Eco RI, Hind III, Hpa II or Sma I. The DNA
      fragments were separated on 1% agarose slab gels and transferred to
      nitrocellulose filters by the Southern technique. Ad12 DNA sequences were
      detected by hybridization to Ad12 DNA, which was 32 P-labeled by nick
      translation, and by subsequent autoradiography. In some experiments, the 32P
      labeled Eco RI restriction endonuclease fragments of Ad12 DNA were used to
      investigate the distribution of specific segments of the viral genome in the
      cellular DNA. For each cell line, a distinct and specific pattern of integrated
      viral DNA sequences is observed for each of the restriction endonucleases used.
      Moreover, viral sequences complementary to the isolated Eco RI restriction
      endonuclease fragments are also distributed in patterns specific for each cell
      line. There are striking differences in integration patterns among the four
      different lines; there are also similarities. Because the organization of
      cellular genes in virus-transformed as compared to normal cells has not yet been
      determined, conclusions about the existence or absence of specific integration
      sites for adenovirus DNA appear premature. Analysis of the integration patterns
      of Ad12 DNA in the four hamster lines investigated reveals that some of the viral
      DNA molecules are fragmented prior to or during integration. Analysis with
      specific restriction endonuclease fragments demonstrates that the Eco RI B, D and
      E fragments, comprising a contiguous segment from 0.17-0.62 fractional length
      units of the viral DNA, remain intact during integration in a portion of the
      viral DNA molecules. Although each cell line carries multiple copies of Ad12 DNA,
      the viral DNA sequences are concentrated in a small number of distinct size
      classes of fragments. This finding is compatible with, but does not prove, the
      notion that at least a portion of the viral DNA sequences, is integrated into
      repetitive sequences, or else that the integrated viral sequences have been
      amplified after integration. In the three cell lines which were tested, the
      integration pattern is stable over many generations, with continuous passage
      twice weekly-of cells for 6-7 months. In the three cell lines which were
      examined, the integration pattern is identical in a number of randomly isolated
      clones. Hence it can be concluded that the patterns of integration are identical
      among all cells in a population of a given line of transformed cells.

PMID- 688384
TI  - DNAase I, DNAase II and staphylococcal nuclease cut at different, yet
      symmetrically located, sites in the nucleosome core.
AB  - We have determined the relative location of pancreatic DNAase (DNAase I), spleen
      acid DNAase (DNAase II) and staphylococcal nuclease cleavage sites in the
      nucleosome core. Each of these three enzymes cleaves the DNA of chromatin at 10.n
      nucleotide intervals (n integer); this specificity presumably reflects the
      internal structure of the nucleosome. We have already reported that DNAase I
      cleaves nucleosomal DNA so that nearest adjacent cuts on opposite strands are
      staggered by 2 nucleotides, 3' end extending (Sollner-Webb and Felsenfeld, 1977).
      Here we show that the nearest cuts made by DNAase II in nucleosomal DNA are
      staggered by 4 nucleotides, 3' end extending, while cuts made by staphylococcal
      nuclease have a stagger of 2 nucleotides, 5' end extending. The cutting sites of
      the three enzymes thus do not coincide. Each pair of staggered cuts, however, is
      symmetrically located about a common axis-that is, the "dyad axes" that bisect
      nearest pairs of cutting sites coincide for all three enzymes. This result is
      consistent with the presence of a true dyad axis in the nucleosome core. Our
      results support the conclusion that a structural feature of the nucleosome,
      having a 10 nucleotide periodicity, is the common recognition site for all three
      nucleases. The position of the cut is determined, however, by the individual
      characteristics of each enzyme. Sites potentially available to nuclease cleavage
      span a region of 4 nucleotides out of this 10 nucleotide repeat, and a large
      fraction of these sites are actually cut. Thus much of the nucleosomal DNA must
      in some sense be accessible to the environment.

PMID- 688385
TI  - Electron microscopy and restriction enzyme mapping reveal additional intervening
      sequences in the chicken ovalbumin split gene.
AB  - The Eco RI fragment "b" of chicken DNA (Breathnach, Mandel and Chambon, 1977),
      which contains the sequences coding for the 5' quarter of ovalbumin mRNA (ov
      mRNA), has been isolated by molecular cloning using a "shotgun" approach.
      Electron microscopy and restriction enzyme analysis have revealed that the
      sequences coding for the 5' quarter (approximately 500 nucleotides) of ov mRNA
      are split into four regions separated by three intervening sequences. The cloning
      procedure seems to be reliable, since the restriction enzyme pattern of the
      cloned Econ RI fragment "b" is similar to that of the corresponding chromosomal
      DNA fragment. There is no evidence supporting the existence of a 150-200
      nucleotide long sequence at the 5' end of the ov mRNA similar to the "leader"
      sequences found at the 5' end of some adenovirus and SV40 mRNAs.

PMID- 688386
TI  - Organization of coding and intervening sequences in the chicken ovalbumin split
      gene.
AB  - The interruptions in the chicken ovalbumin gene which were reported previously
      (Breathnach, Mandel and Chambon, 1977) are shown to be due to the presence of
      intervening sequences which separate the messenger-coding sequences. We present
      evidence for an additional interruption of the gene, which, together with those
      reported earlier and by Garapin et al. (1978b), make a total of six intervening
      sequences. All of these intervening sequences are located in the DNA region that
      corresponds to the part of the ov mRNA which codes for amino acids. The seven
      coding fragments of the split ovalbumin gene are arranged in the same order and
      relative orientation as in the ovalbumin double-stranded cDNA. All the sequences
      coding for ov mRNA are contained in a chromosomal DNA region of 6000 bp, which is
      more than 3 times longer than ov mRNA. The general organization of the ovalbumin
      split gene is discussed.

PMID- 688387
TI  - Genes and spacers of cloned sea urchin histone DNA analyzed by sequencing.
AB  - A cloned histone gene cluster of the highly reiterated type from the sea urchin
      Psammechinus miliaris was analyzed by DNA sequencing. More than half of the 6 kb
      repeat was sequenced, including coding regions of all five histones, some prelude
      and trailing sequences lying adjacent to the structural gense, and segments of
      the AT-rich spacer DNA. The gene cluster does not code for gonad-specific histone
      variants but may instead be active in early sea urchin development, as indicated
      by comparison to reference histones. The encoded histones seem not to be derived
      from longer precursor proteins, not is there any evidence for insert sequences
      within the coding regions. Sequence similarities exist among the putative
      ribosome-binding sites adjacent to the initiator codons of individual genes. The
      AT-rich spacer segments between the genes differ from each other, are made up
      from relatively simple nucleotide arrangements, but are not repetitious, and
      apparently do not code for additional large proteins.

PMID- 688388
TI  - The precursor of mouse beta-globin messenger RNA contains two intervening RNA
      sequences.
AB  - We have investigated the locations of the poly(A), the mRNA-specific sequences
      and the RNA sequences that are eventually cleaved from the 1860 nucleotide
      precursor of mouse beta-globin mRNA. Biochemical and electron microscopic data
      demonstrate that there are two intervening RNA moieties in the precursor which
      separate the beta-globin mRNA sequences into three portions containing 480, 205
      and 155 nucleotides. One of the two intervening RNA moieties contains 780
      nucleotides. The size of the smaller intervening RNA has not been determined
      precisely, but it is 125 nucleotides or less. The largest mRNA-specific fragment
      is derived from the 3' terminus of the precursor, and contains the 3' terminal
      poly (A) and 330 mRNA-specific transcribed nucleotides. At least one, and
      probably both, intervening RNAs occur within the coding portion of the mRNA
      sequences. The larger of the intervening RNAs is located next to the 480
      nucleotide mRNA-specific fragment, and the smaller intervening RNA is located
      between the 205 and 155 nucleotide mRNA-specific fragments. These experiments are
      consistent with the notion that the intervening sequences in the DNA of mouse
      beta-globin genes are transcribed into the mRNA precursor and are excised from
      the RNA by post-transcriptional events.

PMID- 688389
TI  - Structure of the adenovirus 2 early mRNAs.
AB  - We have defined the structure of adenovirus 2 (Ad2) cytoplasmic RNAs produced
      during the early phase of infection. Hybrids between cytoplasmic RNA and DNA
      restriction fragments of the viral genome were digested with endonuclease S1 or
      exonuclease VII, and the products were analyzed by gel electrophoresis. Seven
      abundant cytoplasmic RNAs (assumed to be mRNAs) were identified, and all have a
      spliced structure. Different mRNAs produced from a single transcriptional unit
      contain extensively overlapping sequences, and differ from each other by the
      pattern in which genome sequences are spliced together. The structures of the
      early Ad2 mRNAs are consistent with a model for mRNA biosynthesis in which an
      initial transcript is processed into a mature mRNA by "splicing out" internal
      sequences. The pattern of spliced mRNAs produced from the early region
      responsible for the transforming activity of Ad2 resembles the splicing pattern
      of the oncogenic early mRNAs of simian virus 40 (SV40). This fact, in conjunction
      with recent DNA sequencing results, leads us to suggest that, like the SV40 tumor
      antigens, the polypeptides encoded by these Ad2 mRNAs have an identical amino
      acid sequence at their N terminal ends, but have different C terminal sequences.

PMID- 688390
TI  - Sequence organization of a cloned tDNA met fragment from Xenopus laevis.
AB  - 3.18 kb fragments of X. laevis DNA coding for tRNA 1 met have been inserted into
      a lambda vector via Hind III termini and cloned in E. coli. The organization of
      one cloned fragment has been analyzed by restriction endonuclease digestion and
      RNA-DNA hybridization. From the distribution of sites for three enzymes, this
      fragment appears to be typical of the majority of X. laevis tandem tDNA 1 met
      repeat units. Evidence is presented to suggest that it contains two genes coding
      for tRNA 1 met and at least one gene coding for a second as yet unidentified 4S
      RNA species. The two tRNA 1 met genes are located on the same DNA strand 0.96 and
      1.38 kb from one end of the repeat unit. A detailed restriction map for 19
      enzymes reveals that the spacers between these genes are not identical, and it
      provides no indication of short repetitive sequence elements within the spacers.

PMID- 688391
TI  - Hemoglobin switching in sheep: commitment of erythroid stem cells to expression
      of the betaC-globin gene and accumulation of betaC-globin mRNA.

PMID- 688392
TI  - Functional connections between cells as revealed by dye-coupling with a highly
      fluorescent naphthalimide tracer.

PMID- 688393
TI  - Evidence for functional hemizygosity at the Emtr locus in CHO cells through
      segregation analysis.
AB  - The hypothesis of functional hemizygostiy at the emetine-resistant (Emtr, a non-X
      linked recessive marker) locus in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells has been
      examined by segregation analysis. The frequencies and the rates of segregation of
      the Emtr and Thgr (thioguanine-resistant, an X-linked recessive mutation) markers
      were determined from hybrids constructed between an Emtr-Thgr CHO cell line and
      various other Chinese hamster lines (V79, M3-1, CHO, GM7S, CHW and CHL). Thgr
      segregants were obtained at similar frequencies (10(-2)-10(-3)) from all the
      hybrids. The frequency of segregation of the Emtr marker, however, was similar to
      that of Thgr only in the CHO x CHO hybrids and was much lower (10(-4)-10(-6))
      than the CHO x other Chinese hamster hybrids. Similar results were obtained when
      the segregation rates for the two markers from various hybrids were determined.
      These results are consistent with the hypothesis that in CHO cells, the gene
      responsible for Emtr is present in a single (functional) copy, whereas two copies
      of this gene are present in other Chinese hamster lines examined.

PMID- 688394
TI  - Radioimmunoassay for tubulin: a quantitative comparison of the tubulin content of
      different established tissue culture cells and tissues.
AB  - A quantitative estimate of the cellular tubulin concentration can be obtained by
      the use of a radioimmunoassay based upon the competition between tubulin in cell
      extracts and a known amount of radioactively labeled homogeneous tubulin during
      binding to a limited amount of anti-tubulin antibodies. This assay shows that a
      variety of widely used tissue culture cells (mouse L cells, mouse 3T3 cells,
      chick embryo fibroblasts) have a tubulin content which corresponds to
      approximately 2.5--3.3% of their total protein. Transformation of mouse 3T3 cells
      by the DNA virus SV40, and of chick embryo cells by the RNA Rous sarcoma virus,
      does not change the intracellular tubulin concentration. Transformed cells of
      brain origin, such as some glia tumor cell lines and some neuroblastoma cell
      lines, have a much lower tubulin content than does normal brain tissue. The
      intracellular concentration of tubulin in mouse 3T3 cells is discussed in
      relation to the number of microtubules detected during interphase by
      immunofluorescence microscopy. These results are also discussed in view of a
      mechanism of microtubule elongation in vivo driven by self-assembly.

PMID- 688395
TI  - Cell surface action of thrombin is sufficient to initiate division of chick
      cells.
AB  - Thrombin covalently linked to carboxylate-modified polystyrene beads initiated
      division of quiescent chick embryo (CE) cells either in medium containing low
      levels of serum or in serum-free medium. Release of thrombin was monitored by
      measuring acid-precipitable radioactivity released from 125I-thrombin beads into
      the medium during incubation with cells. Even if all of the acid-precipitable
      material released from the beads were active thrombin, it was not sufficient to
      account for any of the observed cell division, and was 10-30 fold less than the
      amount necessary to produce the increase in cell number caused by the thrombin
      beads. Two other kinds of experiments also showed that material released into the
      medium did not account for the observed initiation of cell division. First,
      medium taken from cultures incubated with thrombin beads did not initiate cell
      division when added to new quiescent cultures. Second, in coverslip experiments
      where populations of cells with an without thrombin feads shared the same medium,
      only bead-contacted cells divided. Several results suggested that the material
      which was released from the thrombin beads resulted from cell-associated
      proteolysis rather than from "leakage" of intact thrombin from the beads. For
      example, after incubating 125I-thrombin beads with or without CE cells, we were
      unable to detect any intact thrombin released into the medium. In addition, most
      of the material released from the beads was acid-soluble and was only released in
      the presence of CE cells. A few thrombin beads were endocytosed by CE cells, but
      they were surrounded by an intact plasma membrane. Thus they did not directly
      interact with the cytoplasm. The close association of many of the beads with the
      cell surface and the presence of a few beads in endocytic vesicles made it
      important to consider the possibility that thrombin might be released from the
      beads directly into the cells. This possibility was explored using
      ultrastructural (EM) autoradiography. With this technique (where one grain
      represented 700--900 thrombin molecules), we found that beads inside the cells
      had approximately the same number of grains as beads not in contact with cells.
      This suggested that little, if any, additional radioactive material had been
      released from the beads which were in contact with the cells. In addition, we
      were unable to detect any grains in the cytoplasm which could be attributed to
      released thrombin, even using an amount of 125I-thrombin beads which was 8 fold
      greater than the amount which produced maximal cell division. Taken together,
      these results provide direct evidence that thrombin action at the cell surface is
      sufficient to initiate division of CE cells.

PMID- 688396
TI  - Cytoplasmic transfer of microtubule organizing centers in mouse tissue culture
      cells.

PMID- 688397
TI  - Interferon-associated, dsRNA-dependent enzyme activities in a mutant 3T6 cell
      engaged in the semiconstitutive synthesis of interferon.
AB  - Cytoplasmic extracts of untreated cultures of a virus-resistant mutant of mouse
      3T6 cells, designated 3T6-VrB2, contain two double-stranded, RNA-activated enzyme
      activities associated with interferon action. These are the synthesis of a low
      molecular weight oligonucleotide inhibitor of cell-free protein synthesis from
      ATP, and the phosphorylation of a 67,000 dalton polypeptide by transfer of the
      gamma phosphate of ATP. Basal levels of both enzyme activities are detectable in
      extracts of untreated parental 3T6 cells, and are greatly enhanced upon
      interferon pretreatment. A procedure was developed, using a nonionic detergent to
      effect cell lysis, which allowed the analysis of the protein kinase activity from
      as few as 2 x 10(7) cells. Using this procedure, direct proportionalities were
      demonstrated between the concentration of interferon to which 3T6 cells were
      exposed, and both the level of protein kinase activity and the magnitude of the
      antiviral state were established in these cells. Furthermore, untreated cultures
      of 3T6-VrB2 exhibited both an antiviral state and an intracellular protein kinase
      activity equal to that of cultures of the parental 3T6 cells pretreated with a
      single concentration of mouse interferon.

PMID- 688398
TI  - Characteristics of individual repetitive sequence families in the sea urchin
      genome studied with cloned repeats.
AB  - Cloned repetitive sequences from the S. purpuratus genome a few hundred to
      approximately 1000 nucleotides long were used to investigate the characteristics
      of individual repetitive sequence families. They wer terminally labeled by the
      kinase procedure and reacted with sheared S. purpuratus DNA. Repetition
      frequencies were measured for 26 individual families and were found to vary from
      a few to several thousand copies per genome. Estimates of sequence divergence
      were made for 18 cloned repeat families by measuring thermal stability of the
      heteroduplexes formed between the genomic DNA and the cloned fragments, compared
      with that of the renatured cloned fragments. The difference was less than 4
      degrees C for three of the 18 families, and less than 10 degress C for 13 of the
      18 families. These 13 repetitive sequence families lack any detectable highly
      divergent sequence relatives, and the results reported are shown not to change
      when the renaturation criterion is lowered below 55 degrees C in 0.18 M Na+. Five
      of the 18 cloned families displayed greater sequence divergence. The average
      sequence divergence of the total short repetitive sequence fraction of S.
      purpuratus DNA was found to match closely the average of the divergences of the
      cloned repeat sequences.

PMID- 688399
TI  - The control of mRNA production, translation and turnover in suspended and
      reattached anchorage-dependent fibroblasts.

PMID- 688400
TI  - Sea urchin embryo mRNA sequences expressed in the nuclear RNA of adult tissues.

PMID- 688401
TI  - [Pharmaceutical disciplines in the course of the scientific-technical
      revolution].

PMID- 688402
TI  - [The relationship between the structure of xenobiotics and their interaction with
      cyctochrome P-450: quantitative and qualitative description].

PMID- 688403
TI  - [Steroidal sapogenins. I. Determination of hecagenins and tigogenins in Agave
      sisalana Perrine using gas chromatography].

PMID- 688404
TI  - [Studies of local anesthetics. LXIV. Physico-chemical properties of the basic
      esters of 3-pentyloxycarbanilic acid].

PMID- 688405
TI  - [Microbial indeffectibility of drugs. II. Quantitative and qualitative
      requirements for microbial indefectibility].

PMID- 688406
TI  - [Advances in the use of objective measurement of colors in pharmaceutical
      technology and pharmaceutical analysis].

PMID- 688407
TI  - [Indications for and results of primary operations of gallbladder and biliary
      pathways (author's transl)].

PMID- 688408
TI  - [Antigen of hepatitis B in bioptically confirmed chronic hepatitis (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 688409
TI  - [On the problem of so-called senile peptic gastroduodenal ulcer; its
      characteristics in old patients who died (author's transl)].

PMID- 688410
TI  - [Transumbilical hepatoportography (author's transl)].

PMID- 688411
TI  - [Uncommon course of spontaneous internal biliary fistula (author's transl)].

PMID- 688412
TI  - [Obstructive ileus caused by a fig (author's transl)].

PMID- 688413
TI  - [Differential diagnosis in cholestatic syndromes and icterus].

PMID- 688414
TI  - [Celiac sprue. II. Variations in its course in living and deceased subjects and
      incidence of tumoruous disease].

PMID- 688415
TI  - [Contribution to the incidence and diagnosis of malignant tumours in patients
      with cirrhosis of the liver (author's transl)].

PMID- 688416
TI  - [Postoperative course after operations of the gallbladder and biliary pathways in
      the acute stage of inflammation (author's transl)].

PMID- 688417
TI  - [Aetiology and diagnosis of gastroduodenal peptic ulcer in deceased patients of
      advanced age groups (author's transl)].

PMID- 688418
TI  - [Secondary prevention carcinoma of the stomach in pernicious anaemia (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 688419
TI  - [Contemporary concept of examination of the stomach by double contrast (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 688421
TI  - [Lipoma of the bulbus duodeni (author's transl)].

PMID- 688420
TI  - [Effect of ornithine-ketoglutarate on provoked hyperammonaemia in patients with
      cirrhosis of the liver (author's transl)].

PMID- 688422
TI  - [Contribution to the problem of skin complications of ulcerative colitis
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 688423
TI  - [Relationship of ceruloplasmin and copper in low-protein diet therapy].

PMID- 688424
TI  - [Perforated gastroduodenal ulcer (author's transl)].

PMID- 688425
TI  - [Scleroderma with affection of the gastrointestinal tract (author's transl)].

PMID- 688427
TI  - [Cancer of the rectum. 8th surgical day of Petrivalsky, 1st Surgical Clinic of
      the Medical School of Palacky's University, Olomouc, 24 November 1977. Panel
      discussion with requested discussional contributions].

PMID- 688426
TI  - [Gastrointestinal hormones].

PMID- 688428
TI  - Diet therapy in Finland.

PMID- 688430
TI  - [Gynecological inflammations in thermographic image (author's transl)].

PMID- 688429
TI  - [Fatal air embolism during an attempt at criminal abortion].

PMID- 688431
TI  - [C-reactive protein in gynecological inflammations (author's transl)].

PMID- 688432
TI  - [Comparison of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and intravenous glucose
      tolerance test (IVGTT) for estimation of a latent disorder of glucose tolerance
      during pregnancy (author's transl)].

PMID- 688433
TI  - [Therapy od edematous conditions in tumors of the small pelvis].

PMID- 688434
TI  - [Problems of women with unwanted pregnancies].

PMID- 688435
TI  - [Postpartum sterilization].

PMID- 688436
TI  - [The syndrome of disseminated intravascular coagulation in obstetrics. Brief
      characteristic and therapy].

PMID- 688437
TI  - [Evaluation of the effect of methylergometrin on early lactation].

PMID- 688438
TI  - [Spontaneous rupture of the spleen in pregnancy].

PMID- 688439
TI  - [The problem of urine collection in women].

PMID- 688440
TI  - [Utilization of secondary fluorescence in cytological screening?].

PMID- 688441
TI  - [Voluntary sterilization: USA and China].

PMID- 688442
TI  - [The effect of vasectomy on the formation of autoantibodies].

PMID- 688443
TI  - [Administration of diazepam to pregnant women and children].

PMID- 688444
TI  - [Comments of the paper of Jirasek, J.E.: Histopathology of the corporeal
      endometrium. Cs. Gynek., 43, 1978, issue 1, pp 42-45].

PMID- 688445
TI  - [Current knowledge in balneological and physical therapy].

PMID- 688446
TI  - [The muds of Frantiskovy Lazne in clinical practice].

PMID- 688447
TI  - [Gynecological iontophoresis in the treatment of chronic gynacologic
      inflammations and postoperative infiltrates].

PMID- 688448
TI  - [Treatment of chronic inflammations using acupuncture].

PMID- 688449
TI  - [Society and social aspects of gynecologic inflammations].

PMID- 688450
TI  - [Psychosomatic residues following gynecologic inflammations].

PMID- 688451
TI  - [Peculiarities of gynecologic inflammations in juveniles and their social
      aspects].

PMID- 688452
TI  - [Sociological problems of gonorrhea].

PMID- 688453
TI  - [The share of gynecologic inflammations on working disability].

PMID- 688454
TI  - [Prevention of gynecologic inflammations and the evaluation activity].

PMID- 688455
TI  - [Long-term retention of IUD and inflammatory diseases of the internal genitalia].

PMID- 688456
TI  - [Use of a new type of curettes as a prevention of possible inflammatory
      complications].

PMID- 688457
TI  - [Treatment of partners in vibriosis and trichomoniasis as a prevention of
      gynecologic inflammations].

PMID- 688458
TI  - [Therapy of bacteriuria in juveniles--prevention of gynecologic inflammation].

PMID- 688459
TI  - [Monitoring working disability in gynecologic inflammations].

PMID- 688460
TI  - [Main tasks of Officers' Committees of the Czechoalovak Physiological Society].

PMID- 688461
TI  - [The mechanism of the effect of glucocorticoids].

PMID- 688462
TI  - [Unbalanced thermodynamics, dissipative structures and biological order].

PMID- 688463
TI  - [Experience with the use of electron microscopes Philips EM 300 and Tesla BS 500
      and the comparison of their utilization properties].

PMID- 688464
TI  - [A universal program for the teaching of physiology in medical schools].

PMID- 688465
TI  - [Current data on the diagnosis of vertebrobasal insufficiency].

PMID- 688466
TI  - [Hearing disorders in locksmiths working in mines].

PMID- 688467
TI  - [Phoniatrician's participation in the complex therapy of laryngeal papillomatosis
      in children].

PMID- 688468
TI  - [Reconstruction of the orbit base].

PMID- 688469
TI  - [Chondrofibroma and osteoma in the same maxillary sinus].

PMID- 688470
TI  - [Artificial embolization used as preoperative preparation in nasopharyngeal
      neoplasms].

PMID- 688471
TI  - [Our experience with sublabial transseptal approach into the sella turcica].

PMID- 688472
TI  - [Results of therapy of laryngeal neoplasms at the ORL and oncological clinic
      during 1965-75].

PMID- 688473
TI  - [Use of impendance audiometry in conditions of a district ORL department].

PMID- 688474
TI  - [Aortic valve stenosis with calcification].
AB  - A group of 52 patients was studied with a view to defining the characteristic
      features of aortic valve stenosis with calcification. There is no uniform
      aetiopathogenesis to explain the condition. 3 basic types could be distinguished-
      post-rheumatic, senile, and due to congenital malformation of the valve; all were
      represented about equally.

PMID- 688476
TI  - [Participation of forensic medicine on interdisciplinary solutions of the
      subjective part of forensic problems].

PMID- 688475
TI  - [The proportion of potassium and calcium in the vitreous body in relation to the
      time of death].
AB  - The method of atomic absorption spectrophotometry was employed to estimate the
      proportion of potassium and calcium in vitreous humour in 47 deceased persons.
      The amount of both was found to increase in linear proportion to the time elapsed
      from death. The correlation can be expressed in the form of equations. The
      simultaneous estimation of the proportion of potassium and calcium in vitreous
      humour enables a more precise ascertainment of the time of death than the
      estimation of merely one of the two elements. In persons who died of brain
      injuries, strangulation or who had suffered from conditions associated with
      metabolic breakdown, the time of death should not be determined according to the
      amount of calcium in vitreous humour; in such cases only the proportion of
      potassium should be exploited.

PMID- 688477
TI  - [Nature of the pigment in multilayer neurofibromas].
AB  - Two cases of storiform neurofibroma were examined electronmicroscopically. Their
      pigment was identified as melanin both by histochemical methods and by the
      presence of melanosomes. In one case moreover another pigment of lysosomal
      location was found.

PMID- 688478
TI  - [Cellular irregularities in nasal polyps].
AB  - 50 patients of different ages were found to have irregular multinuclear cells
      lodged in their inflammatory hyperplastic nasal mucosa. In only isolated cases
      were they numerous enough to give the tissue a sarcomatoid appearance. Most of
      those could clearly be described as proliferating endothelial cells. Mechanical
      irritation seemed to be the obvious explanation of their pathogenetic
      relationships.

PMID- 688479
TI  - [Unusual trabeculra material in the fine structure of intercellular matter in
      pulmonary hamartoma].
AB  - Numerous fibrous structures stainable with resorcin--fuchsin were found by light
      microscopy in five pulmonary hamartomas. Their electronoptic correlates were
      granular dense trabecular formations reminiscent of oxytalan fibres whereas
      trabeculae typical of elastica were rare. The trabecular material orientation
      according to collagenous fibrils as well as its occasional transverse striation
      suggest a special form of collagen to be involved.

PMID- 688480
TI  - [Adenomatoid hamartoma of the lung].
AB  - The right lung of a stillborn premature infant was found to have a growth
      occupying most of the pleural cavity and displacing the mediastinum. It was
      predominantly solid with minor cysts and with structure reminiscent of a clusters
      of primitive alveoli and bronchioles, or else it contained major gaps with
      papillomatous proliferating cylindrical cells.

PMID- 688481
TI  - [Intrapulmonary thymoma].
AB  - A 53-year old woman had for 14 years been under clinical observation for a right
      sided intrapulmonary thymoma. As a terminal development, metastases appeared in
      the liver. The tumour was not classified until necropsy, and that with the
      assistance of electronoptic proof of the epithelial squamous appearance of large
      tumour cells.

PMID- 688482
TI  - [Echinococcal cysts in the liver].
AB  - A report on 2 cases of hydatid cysts in the liver accidentally detected in an
      autopsy and on one case found in a biopsy. A brief list is given of the macro-
      and microscopic findings in correlation with clinical tests.

PMID- 688483
TI  - [Dysontogenic cyst of the tongue lined with heterotopic gastrointestinal mucosa].
AB  - A dysontogenetic cyst in the edge of the tongue in 1-year old boy was found lined
      with gastric, duodenal, and intestinal mucosa with its own lamina muscularis
      mucosae, with a thin layer of submucous connective tissue encircled by bundles of
      smooths muscle imprecisely separated from the striated lingual muscle.

PMID- 688484
TI  - [Immunohistologic demonstration of hepatitis B antigen].
AB  - A description is presented of the results of immunohistological reaction to HBAg,
      using home-prepared sera, in bioptical material routinely processed in the
      department by standard methods. The results are essentially in agreement with
      literary data. One conspicuous feature was the substantially reduced quantity of
      positive elements in comparison with the results of staining with
      aldehydefuchsine and orceine.

PMID- 688485
TI  - [Immunoglobulins in sudden and violent death].
AB  - In the blood serum of 65 subjects (33 sudden deaths and 32 deaths due to injury)
      immunoglobulins IgG, IgM, IgA and IgD were examined using the method of simple
      radial diffusion. The average values in the whole series of infants, children and
      adults were as follows: IgG 104, IgM 147, IgA 91, IgD 37 international units per
      1 ml. In sudden deaths the immunoglobulin levels were found to be higher.

PMID- 688486
TI  - [Hand structure in patients with endogenous psychosis; a somatometric and
      somatoscopic study (author's transl)].

PMID- 688487
TI  - [On neurotization of university students (author's transl)].

PMID- 688488
TI  - [The uses of psychodiagnostics in adult psychiatry (author's transl)].

PMID- 688489
TI  - [Types of sadists (author's transl)].

PMID- 688490
TI  - [Favourable effects of therapeutical physical exercise on the mental state of
      post-infarction patients (author's transl)].

PMID- 688491
TI  - [Epidemiological and clinical significance of urolithiasis in children].

PMID- 688492
TI  - [Effect of different light sources on the decline of serum bilirubin level in
      newborn infants with jaundice].

PMID- 688493
TI  - [Situs viscerum ambiguus].

PMID- 688494
TI  - [Salmonella infections in children during their first months of life].

PMID- 688495
TI  - [Acute otitis media in children and mastoiditis in the age of antibiotics].

PMID- 688496
TI  - [Acrodermatitis papulosa infantum--Gianotti-Crosti syndrome and its relation to
      hepatitis B].

PMID- 688497
TI  - [Comparison of growht values in Czech and Slovak 3 to 18-year-old children as
      based on the national anthropometric research project in 1971].

PMID- 688498
TI  - [Practical application of sequential analysis during the evaluation of
      psychomotor development in children under 3 years in facilities for complex
      case].

PMID- 688499
TI  - [Salicylate pharmacology in children. III. Cholinesalicylate 6% syrup--blood
      levels and urine are excretion].

PMID- 688500
TI  - [Intesnsifying the care for adolescents].

PMID- 688501
TI  - [The problem of admitting mothers to the hospitalized child].

PMID- 688502
TI  - [Epidemiology of chronic renal insufficiency in children in Slovakia].

PMID- 688503
TI  - [Differential diagnostics of Fallot's tetralogy from the branching off of the
      great vessels from the right ventricle].

PMID- 688504
TI  - [Enuresis ureterica].

PMID- 688505
TI  - [Clinical significance of the upper calix syndrome in pediatric nephropathies].

PMID- 688506
TI  - [Heart-rate changes during orientation and defense reactions in premature
      infants].

PMID- 688507
TI  - [Weight gains in newborn infants undergoing light therapy].

PMID- 688508
TI  - [Inborn methemoglobinemia].

PMID- 688509
TI  - [Agenesis of the left lung in a child with the Klippel-Feil syndrome].

PMID- 688510
TI  - [Family disorders and their diagnosis within the pediatrician's activity].

PMID- 688511
TI  - [Program of Marx-Leninist preparation for the certification of physicians ans 1st
      degree pharmacists].

PMID- 688512
TI  - [Nonsurgical closure of PDA (10 years experience) (author's transl)].

PMID- 688513
TI  - [Right ventricle double outlet (author's transl)].

PMID- 688514
TI  - [Congenital heart disorders in grown up age (author's transl)].

PMID- 688516
TI  - [Xeroradiography of muscles of limbs (author's transl)].

PMID- 688515
TI  - [Xeroradiography in case of gout and hyperuricemic syndroms (author's transl)].

PMID- 688517
TI  - [Xeroradiography of bones (author's transl)].

PMID- 688518
TI  - [Protracted cholecystography by method of gradual filling of gall-bladder by
      Jopagnost (author's transl)].

PMID- 688519
TI  - [Renal osteopathy (author's transl)].

PMID- 688520
TI  - [Radiodiagnostics of airway damages in burn victims (author's transl)].

PMID- 688521
TI  - Glucuronidation of benzo[a]pyrene in hamster embryo cells.
AB  - The formation of water-soluble metabolites of tritium-labeled benzo[a]pyrene (BP)
      by cultured hamster embryo cells was studied. The ratio of the radioactivity in
      the aqueous phase to that in the organic phase increased with the incubation
      period. After incubation for 48 h with 3.75 nmol/ml of [3H] BP in the medium more
      than 90% of the 3H-radioactivity was found in the aqueous phase, whereas with 10
      fold more BP about half the radioactivity remained in the organic phase. The main
      metabolites extracted from the medium at 37.5 nmol/ml BP with ethyl acetate by
      high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) were 9,10-diol and 7,8-diol; but after
      treatment of the medium with beta-glucuronidase the main oxygenated metabolites
      were phenols, the amount of 9-OH BP being more than that of 3-OH BP. beta
      Glucuronidase also released 9,10-diol and 7,8-diol, but most of these diols were
      in the free form in the medium. The medium from cells treated with 3.75 nmol/ml
      BP has a quantitatively different profile, and most of the radioactivity obtained
      by extraction with organic solvent and digestion with beta-glucuronidase was
      eluted in the regions of phenols. These results show that in hamster embryo cells
      BP is mainly metabolised to conjugates of phenols with glucuronic acid.

PMID- 688522
TI  - Effect of pretreatment with other dialkylnitrosamines on excision from hepatic
      DNA of O6-methylguanine produced by dimethylnitrosamine.

PMID- 688523
TI  - Pyruvate metabolism after in vivo exposure to oral arsenic.
AB  - This study investigated altered pyruvate metabolism after prolonged oral arsenic
      exposure. Male rats were given access to deionized drinking water containing 0,
      40 or 85 ppm sodium arsenate (As5+) for 3 weeks. Respiration studies with
      mitochondria isolated from treated animals indicated decreased state 3
      respiration (with ADP) and decreased respiratory control ratios (RCR) for
      pyruvate/malate-mediated respiration, but not for succinate-mediated respiration,
      as compared to control respiration values. In addition, pyruvate dehydrogenase
      activity was measured, in both liver and intestine, before and after Mg
      activation in vitro. After 3 weeks, the effects of arsenic at the highest dose
      level were pronounced on the basal pyruvate dehydrogenase activity (before
      activation) as well as the total pyruvate dehydrogenase (after activation). The
      inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity both before and after Mg-activation
      suggests an arsenic effect on mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism which, in part,
      involves inhibition of pyruvate decarboxylase. Evidence is also presented which
      may indicate an arsenic effect on the kinase and/or phosphatase which regulate
      pyruvate dehydrogenase activity.

PMID- 688524
TI  - Binding of benzo[a]pyrene at the 1,3,6 positions to nucleic acids in vivo on
      mouse skin and in vitro with rat liver microsomes and nuclei.
AB  - Loss of tritium from specific positions in [3H,14C] aromatic hydrocarbons can
      elucidate their binding site(s) to DNA and RNA and indicate the mechanism of
      activation. Studies of tritium loss from [6-3H,14C]benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), [1,3
      3H,14C]B[a]P, [1,3,6-3H,14C]B[a]P, [6,7-3H,14C]B[a]P, and [7-3H,14C]B[a]P were
      conducted in vitro using liver nuclei and microsomes from 3-methylcholanthrene
      induced Sprague-Dawley rats and in vivo on the skin of Charles River CD-1 mice.
      The relative loss of tritium from [3H, 14C]B[a]P was measured after binding to
      skin DNA and RNA, to nuclear DNA, and to native and denatured calf thymus and rat
      liver DNA's and poly(G) by microsomal activation. In skin, nuclei, and microsomes
      plus native DNA, virtually all B[a]P binding occurred at positions 1,3 and 6;
      while with microsomes plus denatured DNA or poly(G), B[a]P showed no binding at
      the 6 position and a small amount at the 1 and 3 positions. In vivo and with
      nuclei, binding at the 6 position predominated. Little loss of tritium from the 7
      position was seen; this was expected because binding at this position is not
      thought to occur. This confirms the interpretation of loss of tritium as an
      indication of binding at a given position. These results demonstrate that the use
      of microsomes to activate B[a]P is not a valid model system for delineating the
      in vivo mechanism of B[a]P activation, and support previous evidence for one
      electron oxidation as the mechanism of activation of hydrocarbons in binding to
      nucleic acids.

PMID- 688525
TI  - Carcinogenicity and metabolic profiles of 6-substituted benzo[a]pyrene
      derivatives on mouse skin.
AB  - The ability was tested of appropriate substituents of benzo[a]pyrene (BP) at C-6
      to decrease or suppress the carcinogenic activity for these BP derivatives
      relative to the parent compound. 8-week-old female Swiss mice in 9 groups of 30
      were treated on the back with 0.2 mumol of compound in acetone 4 times weekly for
      20 weeks. The following compounds were administered: BP, 6-methylbenzo[a]pyrene
      (BP-6-CH3), 6-hydroxymethylbenzo[a]pyrene (BP-6-CH2OH), benzo[a]pyrene-6
      carboxaldehyde (BP-6-CHO), benzo[a]pyrene-6-carboxylic acid, 6
      methoxybenzo[a]pyrene, 6-acetoxybenzo[a]pyrene, 6-bromobenzo[a]pyrene, and 6
      iodobenzo[a]pyrene. Two additional groups received BP or BP-6-CH3 twice weekly
      for 20 weeks at a total dose 25% of that above. In addition, the metabolism of
      selected 6-substituted BP derivatives was studied, using mouse skin homogenates
      in vitro and mouse skin in vivo. Only four compounds were carcinogenic; the order
      of potency was BP greater than BP-6-CH3 greater than BP-6-CH2OH and BP-6-CHO. The
      difference in carcinogenicity between BP-6-CH2OH and BP-6-CHO could not be
      assessed by this experiment. In a further tumorigenesis experiment the
      carcinogenicity of BP-6-CH2OH was compared to that of BP-6 CHO, BP-6-CH3 and 6
      hydroxymethylbenzo[a]pyrere sulfate ester (BP-6-CH2OSO3Na) on mouse skin. 9-week
      old female Swiss mice in groups of 28 were treated at three dose levels with 0.8,
      0.2 and 0.05 mumol of compounds in dioxane--dimethyl sulfoxide (75 : 25) twice
      weekly for 40 weeks. After 40 experimental weeks BP-6-CH2OSO3Na proved to be a
      more potent carcinogen than BP-6-CH2OH, which, in turn was more active than BP-6
      CHO. The greater carcinogenicity of BP-6-CH3 relative to BP-6-CH2OH and BP-6-CHO
      is confirmed, suggesting that BP-6-CH2OH is not a proximate carcinogenic
      metabolite for BP-6-CH3. Since BP-6-CHO is a weaker carcinogen than BP-6-CH2OH
      and is efficiently reduced metabolically to BP-6-CH2OH, the latter compound may
      be a common proximal carcinogenic metabolite. The stronger potency of BP-6
      CH2OSO3Na, compared to its alcohol, suggests that an ester of BP-6-CH2OH might be
      the ultimate alkylating compound reacting with cellular nucleophiles.

PMID- 688526
TI  - Carcinogenicity and metabolic profiles of 3-methylcholanthrene oxygenated
      derivatives at the 1 and 2 positions.
AB  - Trapping of 3-methylcholanthrene (MC) radical cation by nucleophilic compounds
      occurs specifically at the 1-carbon atom. With the purpose of providing more
      evidence for the hypothesis that the critical mechanism of activation of MC is
      one-electron oxidation, the carcinogenicity of MC was compared to that of 1
      hydroxy-3-methylcholanthrene (MC-1-OH), 3-methylcholanthrene-1-one (MC-1-one), 2
      hydroxy-3-methylcholanthrene (MC-2-OH), 3-methylcholanthrene-2-one (MC-2-one) and
      3-methylcholanthrylene (MCL) by repeated application on mouse skin. Seven-week
      old female Swiss mice in 6 groups of 30 were treated on the back with 0.2 mumol
      of compound in acetone twice weekly for 20 weeks. In addition, the metabolism of
      MC and its derivatives was studied using mouse skin homogenates. The compounds
      tested were classified according to carcinogenicity in 4 groups: MC and MC-2-OH,
      the strongest carcinogens; MC-2-one and MCL, weaker than MC and MC-2-OH; MC-1-OH,
      the weakest carcinogen; and MC-1-one, non-carcinogenic. These results support the
      hypothesis that one-electron oxidation for MC, MC-2-OH and MC-1-one might be the
      critical mechanism of carcinogenic activation, with C-1 the binding site to
      cellular nucleophiles. The carcinogenic effect of MC-1-OH is speculated to be the
      formation of an ester bearing a good leaving group, which might be the ultimate
      alkylating compound in the in vivo reaction. The lack of carcinogenic activity
      for MC-1-one may be attributed to absence of nucleophilic trapping at C-1 via the
      radical cation pathway as well as the inability of mouse skin to reduce MC-1-one
      to the carcinogenic MC-1-OH.

PMID- 688528
TI  - Purification and characterization of bovine parotid hypocalcemic factor obtained
      via extraction with glacial acetic acid.

PMID- 688527
TI  - Microsomal metabolism of N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine: formation of products
      resulting from alpha- and beta-oxidation.
AB  - We have identified propionaldehyde, n-propranolo, isopropanol and N-nitroso-2
      hydroxy-propylpropylamine following incubation of N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine with
      a microsomal fraction from rat liver. Based on the yields of the various
      products, we have shown that beta-oxidation occurs at about 15% of the level of
      alpha-oxidation, beta- as well as alpha-oxidation was shown to be carried out by
      the microsomal mixed function oxidase system. N-nitroso-2-hydroxy
      propylpropylamine is further oxidized by the microsomal preparation to yield N
      nitroso-2-oxopropylpropylamine.

PMID- 688529
TI  - Stimulatory effect of calcitonin on calcium excretion into bile of
      thyroparathyroidectomized rats.

PMID- 688530
TI  - Fluorescence of boron complexes. VII. Fluorometric determination of salicylamide.

PMID- 688531
TI  - Pharmacokinetic behavior of sulfamethoxazole in alloxan diabetic rabbits.

PMID- 688532
TI  - Isolation of l-ephedrine from "pinelliae tuber".

PMID- 688533
TI  - Analysis of factors affecting dissolution of digoxin from tablets.

PMID- 688534
TI  - Synthesis of the untriacontapeptide corresponding to the entire amino acid
      sequence of human beta-endorphin.

PMID- 688535
TI  - Blood chemistry in alloxan diabetic rabbits.

PMID- 688536
TI  - Studies on ecarazine hydrochloride (apiracohl). II. Spectrofluorometric
      determination of ecarazine hydrochloride and its metabolite in plasma.

PMID- 688537
TI  - Membrane lipid modifications: biosynthesis and identification of phosphatidyl-N
      methyl-N-isopropylethanolamine in rat liver microsomes.
AB  - In previous studies on the modification of polar head groups of membrane
      phospholipids with the unnatural base analog, N-isopropylethanolamine, we
      reported an unidentified phospholipid in addition to phosphatidyl-N
      isopropylethanolamine in the various membrane fractions of rat liver. The
      structure of this phospholipid has now been identified as phosphatidyl-N-methyl-N
      isopropylethanolamine by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and by
      chromatographic and enzymic analysis. In addition, we found that when rats were
      injected intraperitoneally with the N-methyl-N-isopropylethanolamine, 19% of the
      liver microsomal phospholipid was phosphatidyl-N-methyl-N-isopropylethanolamine.

PMID- 688538
TI  - Cross-linking of membrane phospholipid and protein using putative monofunctional
      imidoesters.
AB  - The reaction of methyl acetimidate or isethionyl acetimidate with mitoplasts at
      pH 8.5 yields two derivatives of phosphatidylethanolamine. These derivatives are
      shown to be the mono-amidine derivative and the bis-derivative of
      phosphatidylethanolamine. The bis-derivative represents one
      phosphatidylethanolamine cross-linked to another phosphatidylethanolamine.
      Similar derivatives are formed by the reaction of dipalmitoyl
      phosphatidylethanolamine with these imidoesters in organic solution with the
      exception that much more monoderivative is produced. Methyl picolinimidate reacts
      with phosphatidylethanolamine of mitoplasts to form primarily the mono
      derivative. The bis-derivative was not detected. The reaction of bovine rod outer
      segment discs with methyl acetimidate causes cross-linking of 30% of the membrane
      rhodospin as dimers. Putative monofunctional imidoesters cause considerable cross
      linking of both phospholipids and proteins in cell membranes. Cross-linking can
      be minimized at pH 9.0.

PMID- 688539
TI  - [Acute terminal aortic obliterations of thromboembolic origin].

PMID- 688541
TI  - [Physiopathology of the gastrectomized patient].
AB  - The Authors re-examined 50 cases of various ages and both sexes subjected to
      total gastrectomy for neoplasia, without any other chemotherapic or radiant
      collateral treatmente, and analyse the sequelae following total removal of the
      stomach. On the basis of the data collected, they conclude on the importance of
      an adequate reconstructive technique, in particular stressing the utility of
      preservation of the duodenal transit and the need for suitable dietetic
      pharmacological conduct in the years following the operation.

PMID- 688540
TI  - [Bronchogenic cyst of the lung and pulmonary tuberculosis. Presentation of a
      case].
AB  - The paper considers a clinical case of multiple bronchogenic cysts associated
      with a pneumonitic process of TB character, operated successfully by means of an
      upper right and middle bilobectomy. No similar case was found in literature. The
      malformations were of congenital origin, characterised histologically by a
      cavity, the walls of which contain elements proper to the bronchus: cartilage and
      ciliate columnar epithelium. The squamous metaplasia is rare, and the neoplastic
      transformation very rare. From the clinical point of view a distinction is made
      between asymptomatic cysts, in which the clinical picture is dominated by
      compressive phenomena affecting the surrounding structures, or sometimes by
      infection due to supervening bacterial, mycotic or--as in our case--tubercular
      contamination. The therapeutic indication is exclusively surgical, with methods
      of exeresis varying according to the extent and location of the morbid process.

PMID- 688543
TI  - [Pulmonary artery banding in interventricular septal defects. Surgical methods
      and results].

PMID- 688542
TI  - [Gardner's syndrome in familial popyposis: clinical contribution and
      etiopathogenetic, therapeutic and prognostic considerations].
AB  - Starting from one case of Gardner's syndrome of their own observation, and in
      light of Watne's results, the authors argue that in the syndrome just named--and
      in familial polyposis in a broader sense--genetic factors do not play a
      predominant role; rather, polyps seem to result from the prolonged action of
      noxious agents. At any rate, said action can be neutralized, and possibly
      prevented either with a surgical modification of the distal gut or by treatment
      with a chemical substance identified as ascorbic acid. In view of these
      considerations, the authors recommend preventive medical therapy.

PMID- 688544
TI  - [Post-anastomotic pseudo-aneurysm 15 years after aorto-bifemoral prosthesis].

PMID- 688545
TI  - [Aneurysms of the splenic artery: surgical indications].

PMID- 688546
TI  - [Acute pancreatitis in surgery of the common bile duct].
AB  - After commeting on the importance of acute postoperative pancreatiti (APP) as a
      complication of surgery involving the main biliary passages, the authors give a
      detailed account of the 5 cases of this complication seen in their own clinical
      material over the last 5 years. In their summation, they identify the presence of
      pathological conditions of the papilla and the manipulation of the terminal
      segment of the choledochus as factors conducive to APP in the short-term
      postoperative period. In their discussion of therapeutic guidelines in the event
      of APP they call attention to the need for a careful assessment of pancreatic
      function before surgery.

PMID- 688547
TI  - Critical review of the surgical procedures in the treatment of sigmoid volvulus.

PMID- 688548
TI  - [Geometric parameters of the aorto-renal junction. Comparative anatomical study,
      Clinical implications].

PMID- 688549
TI  - [Experimental model for the study of intestinal anastomoses].

PMID- 688550
TI  - [An unusual case of filling defect of the renal pelvis: cystic inclusion of the
      renal pelvis].

PMID- 688551
TI  - [Benign polyp of the urethra: observation of a case].

PMID- 688552
TI  - [Primary carcinoid of the testis. Clinical case].
AB  - A very rare case of carcinoid of the testicle combined with teratoma is
      illustrated. In fact the literature of the last twenty years reports only eleven
      cases of carcinoid of the testicle, of which only four combined with teratoma. It
      is stressed that it is possible that these neoplasias arise on already existing
      teratomas which may be very small and hence not always evidenced.

PMID- 688553
TI  - The effects of intra-arterial and intraportal injections of vasopressin on the
      simultaneously perfused hepatic arterial and portal venous vascular beds of the
      dog.
AB  - The hepatic arterial and hepatic portal venous vascular beds of the chloralose
      urethane anesthetized dog were perfused simultaneously in situ. Vasopressin (10
      mU = 1 unit) was injected in graded increasing doses into the hepatic artery and
      into the portal vein. Both intra-arterial and intraportal vasopressin elicited
      both hepatic arterial vasoconstriction and hepatic venous dilation; the delay in
      onset of both hepatic vascular effects was significantly shorter than that for
      any succeeding systemic effects (a rise in systemic arterial pressure and fall in
      heart rate), showing that they were not attributable to recirculation or to
      arterial baroreceptor reflexes. Injections of vasopressin into the inferior vena
      cava at the level of the hepatic veins consistently produced smaller hepatic
      vascular effects than either intra-arterial or intraportal injections of the same
      doses. The results are discussed in the context of the therapeutic role of
      vasopressin in controlling gastrointestinal bleeding and portal hypertension.

PMID- 688554
TI  - Subpressor angiotensin infusion, renal sodium handling, and salt-induced
      hypertension in the dog.
AB  - We studied the combined effect of subpressor amounts of angiotensin and long-term
      sodium chloride infusion on arterial pressure in 16 dogs for periods of 2--8
      weeks. In dogs receiving 3.5 liters of isotonic NaCl daily, but no angiotensin,
      the arterial pressure increased an average of only 3 mm Hg. When angiotensin was
      infused continuously at a rate of 5 ng/kg per min (a rate too small to cause an
      observable immediate increase in pressure, subsequent infusion of 3.5 liters of
      saline daily then increased the pressure by 39 mm Hg. The urinary output of
      sodium increased to the same extent in both instances, that is, there was no
      extra sodium loss because of the elevated pressure. This suggests that the
      angiotensin significantly blocked the normal "pressure natriuresis" usually seen
      with such large increases in pressure. However, the plasma aldosterone levels
      during angiotensin infusion were not found to be different from those in the
      absence of angiotensin. Therefore, we have suggested that the tendency of the
      kidneys to retain sodium under the influence of angiotensin was probably caused
      mainly by a direct effect of angiotensin on the kidney itself. Such a direct
      renal sodium-retaining effect also could be a contributing factor in the marked
      hypertension that results from salt administration in the presence of small
      amounts of angiotensin.

PMID- 688555
TI  - Preferential distribution of inhibitory cardiac receptors with vagal afferents to
      the inferoposterior wall of the left ventricle activated during coronary
      occlusion in the dog.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the relative magnitudes of the reflex
      effects mediated by cardiac receptors during anterior as opposed to
      inferoposterior ischemia of the left ventricle of the dog. Cessation of perfusion
      (coronary "occlusion") of the circumflex coronary artery (Cx) in 29 chloralose
      anesthetized dogs with common carotids ligated (group I) resulted in significant
      bradycardia and hypotension, but in no significant change in perfusion pressure
      in the gracilis muscle perfused at constant flow. Occlusion of the left anterior
      descending coronary artery (LAD) produced less hypotension, no change in heart
      rate, and vasoconstriction in the gracilis. After vagotomy and aortic nerve
      section, no significant change in heart rate or gracilis perfusion pressure was
      observed during lad or Cx occlusion, and the blood pressure responses to LAD and
      Cx occlusion were not different. In nine dogs with sinoaortic denervation (group
      II), brief Cx occlusion resulted in bradycardia, hypotension, and vasodilation in
      the gracilis muscle. LAD occlusion in group II dogs caused less hypotension and
      no change in heart rate or gracilis perfusion pressure. After vagotomy, the
      bradycardia and vasodilation resulting from Cx occlusion were abolished and the
      blood pressure responses to LAD and Cx occlusion were not different. The weights
      of left ventricle perfused by each occluded vessel were not different. These data
      show that left ventricular receptors with vagal afferents which are activated
      during coronary occlusion and which mediate cardioinhibitory and vasodepressor
      responses are located mainly in the inferoposterior left ventricle of the dog
      heart.

PMID- 688556
TI  - Renal chemoreceptors in the rat.
AB  - There are afferent nerve fibers responsive to alterations of the kidney's
      chemical environment in the renal nerves of the rat. In anesthetized,
      artificially ventilated, male Sprague-Dawley rats, single unit recordings were
      prepared by dissection of the centrally cut nerves of the right kidney. The
      stimuli used included occlusion of the renal artery, systemic asphyxia, changes
      in renal arterial and venous pressures, changes in ureteral pressure, and cyanide
      infusion. We found a population of sensory nerve fibers whose endings are
      activated only during markedly impaired renal blood flow (produced by clamping
      the renal artery, severe hypotension below 40 mm Hg, and prolonged occlusion of
      the renal vein), and during systemic asphyxia. The same units are not responsive
      to increases and decreases in systemic arterial pressure (range: 40--190 mm Hg),
      to ureteral pressure (range: 0--50 mm Hg), or to changes in renal venous
      pressure. None of the 40 single units studied was spontaneously active; their
      pattern of activation during renal ischemia always was characterized by trains of
      impulses. These sensory units have functional properties distinctly different
      from those of known renal mechanoreceptors. They appear to be a homogeneous group
      of sensory elements, and we have termed them renal ("R") chemoreceptors. Evidence
      also is presented which is consistent with the concept that a chemical substance
      released by or accumulated within the kidney might be the agent activating these
      chemoreceptors during renal ischemia.

PMID- 688557
TI  - Increased renal vascular reactivity to angiotensin II but not to nerve
      stimulation or exogenous norepinephrine in renal hypertensive rats.
AB  - We isolated and perfused both the "clipped" and "contralateral" kidneys from
      Goldblatt renal hypertensive and sham-operated control rats, 1--104 days
      postoperatively. Responses to renal nerve stimulation were depressed in clipped
      kidneys from hypertensive rats (1 day postoperative), and these kidneys were
      supersensitive to exogenous norepinephrine (1--31 day) when compared with the
      contralateral organ of the same animal. Similar alterations were found between
      clipped and contralateral kidneys from sham-operated control rats. There was no
      difference in responses to renal nerve stimulation of norepinephrine between
      clipped kidneys from hypertensive and control rats, but clipped kidneys from
      hypertensive rats were supersensitive to angiotensin II (17 and 31 days).
      Comparison of contralateral kidneys from hypertensive and control rats revealed
      no change in norepinephrine sensitivity or in responses to renal nerve
      stimulation, but there was a reduction in the slope of the dose-response curve to
      norepinephrine and of the maximal effect of the catecholamine (104 days) and a
      pronounced supersensitivity to angiotensin II (17--104 days) in the hypertensive
      rats. These results indicate that (1) renal nerve function and norepinephrine
      sensitivity of the isolated renal vasculature are unchanged in renal
      hypertension, but clipping partially denervates the kidney causing depressed
      nerve function and unilateral norepinephrine supersensitivity, unrelated to
      hypertension; (2) the prolonged high pressure load on the contralateral kidney
      may impair the function of the vascular smooth muscle; and (3) bilateral
      supersensitivity to angiotensin II is associated with hypertension but is not
      solely a consequence of the high pressure.

PMID- 688558
TI  - The effect of changing interpulse intervals on the negative chronotropic response
      to repetitive bursts of vagal stimuli in the dog.
AB  - The chronotropic responses to repetitive bursts of vagal stimulation were
      determined in open-chest, anesthetized dogs. Either 5 or 10 electrical pulses
      were included in each stimulus burst, and the interpulse interval (deltat) was
      varied over the range of 5 to 150 msec. As the frequency of the stimulus bursts
      was progressively changed, the sinoatrial (SA) nodal pacemaker cells became
      synchronized with the repetitive bursts of stimuli over a certain range of burst
      frequencies. The magnitude of this frequency range varied with deltat. For 5 and
      10 pulses/burst, the values of deltat that produced the greatest magnitude of
      this frequency range were 30.2 and 24.3 msec, respectively. Also, over the range
      of values of deltat from 5 to 50 msec, the magnitude of the negative chronotropic
      effect of the vagal stimulus burst varied directly with deltat. It is likely
      that, as the interpulse interval is increased within the range of values, either
      more acetylcholine is released from the vagal nerve endings per pulse or there is
      less saturation of the receptors on the pacemaker cell membranes during each
      burst.

PMID- 688559
TI  - Contribution of systemic venous hypertension to the development of pulmonary
      edema in dogs.
AB  - Systemic venous hypertension (SVH) is a frequent finding in pulmonary edema. To
      study the possible contributory or even causal role of SVH in pulmonary edema, a
      dog model was developed in which balloon catheters were placed in the left and
      right atria. Inflation of the left atrial balloon produced a tendency to
      pulmonary edema by causing pulmonary venous hypertension (PVH) (pulmonary artery
      wedge pressure of 20 mmHg). Inflation of the right atrial balloon produced SVH
      (central venous pressure of 15 mm Hg). After 2 hours, dogs with SVH with or
      without PVH demonstrated a greater amount of lung fluid accumulation (P less than
      0.01) compared to controls or PVH alone. There was no significant difference in
      lung water in SVH dogs with or without PVH. Pulmonary blood flow was not
      significantly different between the experimental groups, each of which was less
      than control. Impairment of pulmonary lymphatic flow is one possible mechanism
      producing the worsening edema; however, bronchial venous hypertension or
      neurogenic reflexes cannot be excluded. We conclude that the contribution of
      systemic venous hypertension to the development of pulmonary edema may have
      therapeutic implications.

PMID- 688560
TI  - Influence of glucose, insulin, and potassium on vulnerability to ventricular
      fibrillation in the canine heart.

PMID- 688561
TI  - Experimental evaluation of streamline patterns and separated flows in a series of
      branching vessels with implications for atherosclerosis and thrombosis.
AB  - Flow conditions in four models representing the aortic bifurcation, iliac
      bifuraction, and a renal artery branch were investigated at volumetric flow rates
      corresponding to Reynolds numbers from 1000 to 4000 over the complete range of
      flow division between daughter vessels. Qualitative flow streamline patterns and
      quantitative definition of those flow conditions leading to disturbed flow (flow
      separation ) were determined primarily at steady flow with a limited set of
      pulsatie experiments. Under conditions of no flow separation, common
      characteristic streamline patterns not parallel to the center lines of parent or
      daughter tubes were found for all models. These effects were accentuated with
      increasing Reynolds number. Flow separation was inducible through alteration of
      flow division between daughter vessels or by an increase in flow rate. Each of
      the four models had distinct combinations of flow division ratio and flow rate
      which gave: (1) no flow separation, (2) flow separation at the outside of the
      right daughter tube, and (3) flow separation at the outside of the left daughter
      tube. Models representing the renal artery also had regions of simultaneous left-
      and righthand separation on the outside of their daughter tubes. The separated
      flows observed here displayed streamlines forming an open vortex with flows
      entering and leaving. These regions, which occur only at distinct combinations of
      flow rate and flow division, may be key centers where platelet aggregates may
      form, release constituents, and cause vessel injury.

PMID- 688562
TI  - Myocardial blood flow and its distribution in anesthetized polycythemic dogs.

PMID- 688563
TI  - Sites of action and active forms of lidocaine and some derivatives on cardiac
      Purkinje fibers.
AB  - We have compared the effects of lidocaine (L) to those of several derivatives in
      an attempt to determine the sites of action and active forms of the molecules. We
      studied cardiac Purkinje fibers with intracellular microelectrodes, and drugs
      were administered by superfusion or by iontophoretic intracellular injection. We
      compared to L the effects of QX-314 and QX-572, two quaternary derivatives, and
      also compound 6603, a tertiary analogue with a pKa of 9.81. When administered by
      superfusion in concentrations of 10(-5) and 10(-4) M, all four agents exerted
      qualitatively similar effects on the transmembrane action potential. The rate of
      onset of action of the quaternary derivatives was considerably slower than that
      of L and their actions were not reversed by superfusion for 1 hour with drug-free
      solution. Comparison of effects of L and QX-314 after intracellular injection
      showed that attenuation of Vmax, and thus of the fast inward current, results
      from interaction of the charged form acting form acting from the inner surface of
      the sarcolemma. After intracellular injection, QX-314 diffused readily along the
      long axis of fiber bundles, and it was thus possible to expose the inner surface
      of a large number of contiguous cells to drug. Comparison of results of
      extracellular and intracellular application suggests that effects on the voltate
      during phase 2 result from the charged form acting from the inner surface, but
      effects on total action potential duration result only from drug acting from the
      outer surface of the sarcolemma. Unlike L, the three derivatives did not decrease
      the slope of normal phase 4 depolarization. The results may help relate
      antiarrhythmic action to specific effects on transmembrane potentials.

PMID- 688565
TI  - Chronic lability of arterial pressure produced by selective destruction of the
      catecholamine innervation of the nucleus tractus solitarii in the rat.

PMID- 688564
TI  - Effects of excess free fatty acids on mechanical and metabolic function in normal
      and ischemic myocardium in swine.

PMID- 688566
TI  - Valve replacement in patients with active infective endocarditis.
AB  - Eleven of 138 patients with infective endocarditis (IE) who underwent cardiac
      valve replacement for IE during a 12 1/2-year period had active IE. Eight of the
      11 (all with aortic IE) had positive blood cultures within 48 hours
      preoperatively; six of the eight had positive Gram stains and cultures of the
      excised cardiac tissue. All 11 patients had Class IV cardiac functional
      disability (New York Heart Association classification) at the time of surgery.
      Staphylococci (three patients with Staphylococcus aureus and one with S.
      epidermidis) were the most frequent isolates. Three patients died; two of these
      three deaths occurred in patients who had a sudden onset preoperatively of severe
      aortic regurgitation and heart failure. In one patient (S. epidermidis infection)
      prosthetic valve endocarditis developed. Cardiac valve replacement may be
      performed successfully in patients with active IE even when blood cultures are
      positive in the immediate perioperative period. The hemodynamic status of
      patients with IE should be the determining factor in the timing of cardiac valve
      replacement, rather than the activity of the infection or the length of
      preoperative antimicrobial therapy. A radical surgical procedure may be necessary
      in patients with myocardial or aortic abscesses in whom conventional aortic valve
      replacement is not possible.

PMID- 688567
TI  - Treatment of infective endocarditis: a 10-year comparative analysis.
AB  - The results of surgical and non-surgical treatment of active infective
      endocarditis in 182 patients over a 10-year period were analyzed. Heart failure,
      annular and myocardial abscesses, heart block, and coronary embolism, seen most
      frequently with staphylococcal and fungal endocarditis, were the primary causes
      of death in both native valve endocarditis (NVE) and prosthetic valve
      endocarditis (PVE). In NVE, surgery significantly improved the survival in
      patients with moderate or severe heart failure (P less than 0.05) and in all
      patients with staphylococcal endocarditis (P less than 0.03). In PVE, surgery
      significantly influenced survival in patients with moderate or severe heart
      failure (P less than 0.05) and in the entire group with late PVE (P less than
      0.01). Early surgery is recommended for patients with native valve endocarditis
      and moderate or severe heart failure; those patients with staphylococcal NVE,
      regardless of hemodynamic state, should undergo early valve replacement. Early
      surgery is recommended for PVE patients with moderate or severe heart failure. We
      also recommend early valve replacement for early and late staphylococcal PVE.

PMID- 688568
TI  - The changing role of surgery in the management of infective endocarditis.

PMID- 688569
TI  - Clinical use of blade atrial septostomy.
AB  - A cardiac catheter enclosing an extensible blade was used to enlarge the
      interatrial opening in seven patients. Two patients with transposition of the
      great arteries who had balloon atrial septostomy as newborns subsequently
      presented with clinical evidence of a restrictive interatrial opening at 1 and 4
      months of age. Cardiac catheterization confirmed restenosis of the interatrial
      opening and inadequate intracardiac mixing. After blade atrial septostomy the
      systemic arterial oxygen saturation increased by 20% and 30%, respectively. Five
      patients with mitral atresia complex, ages 2 months-9 1/2 years, had a
      restrictive interatrial communication and severe pulmonary venous hypertension
      (mean left atrial pressures ranged from 20-38 mm Hg). Following blade atrial
      septostomy, the pressure gradient between the atria was almost completely
      abolished and prompt clinical improvement was observed in each patient. All
      patients tolerated the procedure without complications. Blade atrial septostomy
      was a safe, effective procedure for enlarging the interatrial communication in
      this limited series of patients with an interatrial septum too thick to permit
      adequate rupture by conventional balloon atrial septostomy.

PMID- 688570
TI  - Primary hypertension refractory to triple drug treatment: a study on central and
      peripheral hemodynamics.

PMID- 688571
TI  - Association between coronary heart disease and the C3F-gene in essential
      hypertension.
AB  - The occurrence of the C3F allele was investigated in the following three groups:
      69 consecutive referred patients with untreated essential hypertension, including
      borderline hypertension; 70 patients with established and treated essential
      hypertension, already attending the same outpatient clinic, and 62 age- and sex
      matched normotensive healthy subjects without clinical signs of atherosclerosis
      or familial predisposition to hypertension. In the three groups the C3F allele
      was found in 38.2%, 29% and 20%, respectively. Among the treated hypertensive
      patients with C3F gene, 40% had coronary heart disease (CHD) compared to 6.1%
      among the C3F negative (P less than 0.005), and the relative risk of CHD among
      the treated hypertensive patients with this allele was found to be 10.2 (P less
      than 0.002). The C3F gene was present in 72.7% of the treated patients with CHD.
      In the untreated patients the occurrence of CHD was low, and no differences
      between C3F positive and negative patients could be demonstrated. No association
      of the C3F allele with familial predisposition to hypertension was found. This
      study provides further evidence of a positive association of the C3F allele with
      atherosclerosis, and it is concluded that this allele in a hypertensive patient
      might accelerate the atherosclerotic process, with subsequent premature
      development of vascular complications.

PMID- 688572
TI  - Tracking of blood lipids and blood pressures in school age children: the
      Muscatine study.
AB  - In four cross sectional school screens, the Muscatine Study has sampled 8,909
      school children; 820 have been studied repeatedly over a six-year period.
      Tracking of measurements described by the relationship between repeated
      observations and the relationship between peer rank orderings over the six-year
      period has been studied. For height and weight, correlations between observations
      six years apart were approximately 0.74 and about 60% of children initially in
      the upper quintile were there again six years later. Six-year correlations were
      0.65 for skinfold and 0.61 for cholesterol. Four-year correlation for fasting
      triglyceride was 0.40. Six-year correlations were 0.30 for casual systolic blood
      pressure and 0.18 for diastolic blood pressure. Peer rank orderings for both
      blood pressures were highly variable. Height and weight track well, and thus
      routine measurement of these variables are useful in identifying children with
      growth perturbing disorders. Cholesterol and, to a lesser degree, triglycerides
      also track, and a significant proportion of children with initially high values
      demonstrated consistently high values throughout the study period. Blood
      pressures do not track as well; consistently high blood pressures are unusual,
      thus indicating the need for repeated blood pressure measurements to identify
      children with persistent elevated levels. The future significance of transient
      blood pressure elevations has yet to be established.

PMID- 688574
TI  - Detection of coronary heart disease using radionuclide determined regional
      ejection fraction at rest and during handgrip exercise: correlation with coronary
      arteriography.

PMID- 688573
TI  - Type A behavior pattern and coronary atherosclerosis.
AB  - Previous research has demonstrated an increased rate of clinical coronary heart
      disease (CHD) events among people who exhibit a "coronary prone" (Type A)
      behavior pattern. This study was undertaken to determine whether the association
      between behavior pattern Type A and CHD might be extended beyond clinical CHD
      events to include also the coronary atherosclerotic process. In addition to usual
      clinical evaluation, 156 consecutive patients referred for diagnostic coronary
      angiography were independently assessed on the basis of a structured interview
      and assigned a rating of Type A, Type B, or Type X (indeterminate). Traditional
      physiologic factors--age, sex, cholesterol and cigarette smoking--were found to
      correlate with atherosclerotic disease. Type A patients were found in increasing
      proportions among groups of patients with coronary occlusions of moderate to
      severe degree compared with patients with only mild occlusions. This increasing
      proportion of Type A patients with increasing disease severity remained
      significant, even when age, sex, blood pressure, serum cholesterol level and
      cigarette smoking history were all simultaneously covaried. These findings
      suggest that, independently of traditional risk factors, behavior pattern Type A
      may contribute to the risk of clinical CHD events via effects on the
      atherosclerotic process.

PMID- 688575
TI  - Hemodynamic and myocardial metabolic effects of ergonovine in patients with chest
      pain.

PMID- 688577
TI  - Beneficial actions of N-dimethyl propranolol on myocardial oxygen balance and
      transmural perfusion gradients distal to a severe coronary artery stenosis in the
      canine heart.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of N-dimethyl
      propranolol (DMP), the quaternary derivative of propranolol, and propranolol on
      the transmural distribution (endo/epi) of coronary blood flow in normal and
      ischemic regions of the myocardium. The distribution of blood flow between
      subendocardium and subepicardium of a nonischemic region and one distal to a
      severe left circumflex coronary artery stenosis was determined by use of tracer
      microspheres (15 microgram) in intact dog hearts. DMP (1,5 and 10 mg/kg I.V.)
      produced a small dose-related increase in endo/epi of the nonischemic region
      (1.15 +/- 0.04--1.24 +/- 0.05), whereas a larger increase was observed in the
      ischemic region (0.61 +/- 0.08--1.09 +/- 0.10). DMP also produced a significant
      increase in ischemic subendocardial blood flow (0.59 +/- 0.12--0.76 +/- 0.11
      ml/min/g). Similarly, propranolol (0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg I.V.) produced a small
      increase in endo/epi of the nonischemic region (1.18 +/- 0.08--1.30 +/- 0.07) and
      a larger increase in the ischemic region (0.72 +/- 0.17--1.18 +/- 0.09). However,
      propranolol did not increase ischemic subendocardial blood flow. It is concluded
      that DMP may be an alternative to propranolol in certain types of acute
      myocardial ischemia when beta-adrenergic blockade is undesirable.

PMID- 688576
TI  - Comparison of the effects of ouabain and isoproterenol on ischemic myocardium of
      conscious dogs.

PMID- 688578
TI  - Electrophysiologic effects of partial coronary flow reduction in the exposed
      canine heart. Effects of ischemia and ischemic-induced regional hypothermia on
      refractoriness and conduction delay.
AB  - In the open-chested dog, coronary flow reduction results in a decrese of regional
      myocardial temperature (T). We assessed the contribution of T decrease to changes
      in refractoriness and conduction delay attributed to ischemia. The independent
      effect of regional hypothermia on effective refractory period (ERP) was a linear
      function of the temperature (ERP = -b T +a) with a -r = 0.97 0.02 in 11 dogs. The
      effect on conduction time of a ventricular premature beat was a linear function
      of the dog T at both endocardium (-r = 0.95 +/- 0.02) and epicardium (-r = 0.96
      +/- 0.01). A 75% reduction in coronary flow resulted in a mean T decrease of 1.0
      +/- 0.3 degrees C. The T decrease was sufficient to mask the effects of ischemia
      on shortening of the ERP. Furthermore, the conduction delay of ventricular
      premature beats during 75% coronary flow reduction could be accounted for by the
      decrease in T alone in five of seven dogs. We conclude that changes in
      refractoriness and conduction during acute coronary flow reduction in the open
      chested dog are due to the composite effects of ischemia and the decrease in
      regional temperature. The open-chested model may have important limitations in
      understanding the electrophysiologic effects of acute coronary insufficiency.
      However, it may have important applications in defining the electrophysiologic
      environment at the time of coronary artery surgery.

PMID- 688579
TI  - The clinical significance of bundle branch block complicating acute myocardial
      infarction. 1. Clinical characteristics, hospital mortality, and one-year follow
      up.
AB  - To provide an understanding of the clinical characteristics of patients with
      acute myocardial infarction (MI) and bundle branch block, experience from five
      centers was accumulated. Patients in whom bundle branch block first appeared
      after the onset of cardiogenic shock were excluded. In 432 patients, the most
      common types of block were left (38%) and right with left anterior fascicular
      block (34%). In 42% of the patients, bundle branch block was new. Progression to
      high degree (second or third degree) atrioventricular (AV) block via a Type II
      pattern occurred in 22% of the patients. Hospital and first year follow-up
      mortality rates were 28% and 28%, respectively. Only 46% of the patients
      developed pulmonary edema or shock (Killip Class III or IV), and hospital
      mortality was related to the amount of heart failure (8%, 7%, 27%, 83% for Killip
      Classes I-IV, respectively). Patients with progression to second degree or third
      degree AV block via a Type II pattern had increased hospital mortality compared
      with patients without this complication (47% vs 23%, P less than 0.001). In the
      absence of pulmonary edema or shock, patients with Type II second degree or third
      degree AV block still had a higher mortality rate than patients without advanced
      AV block (31% vs 2%, P less than 0.005), with nearly all the deaths due to abrupt
      development of AV block. Thus, in many patients MI with bundle branch block is
      associated with severe heart failure. However, this was not true for a majority
      of the patients, in whom therapy aimed at preventing morbidity and mortality due
      to the bradyarrhythmia of advanced AV block might be beneficial.

PMID- 688580
TI  - The clinical significance of bundle branch block complicating acute myocardial
      infarction. 2. Indications for temporary and permanent pacemaker insertion.
AB  - The indication for prophylactic temporary and permanent pacing during acute
      myocardial infarction (MI) complicated by bundle branch block is high risk of
      progression via a Type II pattern to second or third degree (high degree) AV
      block during hospitalization or follow-up. In this study, determinants of high
      degree AV block during hospitalization and sudden death or recurrent high degree
      block during the first year of follow-up were examined in 432 patients with MI
      and bundle branch block. Timing of onset of bundle branch block, the involved
      fascicles, and the PR interval were examined as determinants of risk of
      progression to high degree AV block during MI. At highest risk were 186 patients
      with blocks involving the right bundle and at least one fascicle of the left
      bundle which were not documented on prior electrocardiograms. Risk was similar
      with (38%) or without (31%) accompanying first degree AV block. Patients with
      transient high degree AV block during MI had a 28% incidence of sudden death or
      recurrent high degree block during the first year of follow-up. Patients not
      continuously paced had a higher incidence of sudden death or recurrent high
      degree block than patients continuously paced (65% vs 10%, P less than 0.001).
      Sudden death during follow-up also occurred in 13% of patients without high
      degree block during MI. A subgroup with 1) documented prior MI, 2) anterior or
      indeterminant acute MI, and 3) no symptoms of cardiac failure had a 35% risk of
      sudden death. The role of permanent pacing in this group is unknown. Thus,
      patients at high risk of high degree AV block should receive prophylactic
      temporary pacing. Patients who survive high degree block with MI should receive
      temporary and then permanent pacing. Patients without high degree AV block during
      MI who nervertheless have a high risk of sudden death may benefit from permanent
      pacing.

PMID- 688581
TI  - A new method for measurement of sinoatrial conduction time.
AB  - This study describes a new method (NM) for estimation of sinoatrial conduction
      time (SACT), which utilizes constant atrial pacing (AP) instead of the premature
      atrial beats (PABs) used in the method reported in 1973 by Strauss et al. The
      SACTs were obtained by both methods in 20 patients. The SACT by the Strauss
      method (SM) was calculated as A2A3 minus A1A1. The NM consists of high right AP
      for a train of eight consecutive beats at rates less than or equal to 10
      beats/min faster than the sinus rhythm. The interval between the last paced
      atrial electrogram (Ap) and the first escape atrial electrogram (A) of sinus
      origin (Ap-A) was measured along with several post pacing sinus cycles. The SACT
      by the NM was calculated as follows: SACT = Ap-A minus A1A1. The effect of AP at
      higher rates was also analyzed. In two patients, the SACT with the SM could not
      be defined, as all the A2A3 intervals were fully compensatory; with the NM the
      SACT was 217 and 320 msec. In the remaining 18 patients the SACT was obtainable
      by both methods. With SM, the SACT ranged 105--452 msec (mean 219 +/- 102 SD) and
      with the NM it was 85--492 msec (mean 201 +/- 112 SD), and the difference was
      statistically significant (P = 0.0162). The coefficient of correlation between
      the two methods was r = 0.97. During AP at faster rates, a rate related increment
      in Ap-A intervals and also post pacing sinus cycles was noted. This study
      describes a new and simple method for measurement of SACT in man.

PMID- 688582
TI  - Left ventricular volume during maximal supine exercise: a study using metallic
      epicardial markers.
AB  - Changes in left ventricular (LV) volumes and ejection fraction between rest and
      maximal supine exercise were evaluated in 11 patients who had had four epicardial
      markers placed during coronary artery surgery. After calibrating marker distances
      with respect to volume (r = 0.92--0.99) over one cardiac cycle for each patient,
      regression equations were used to compute LV volume from marker measurements for
      beats before and during exercise. The response of the left ventricle to exercise
      and the extent of revascularization could not be predicted from resting LV volume
      or ejection fraction. Ten patients had normal resting end-diastolic volumes and
      eight had normal resting ejection fractions. With exercise, three had a rise in
      end-diastolic volume and four had a fall in ejection fraction. Graft patency was
      greater in the group with an unchanged or increased ejection fraction (86 vs 50%,
      P less than 0.05). Epicardial clip motion can be used to determine LV volumes and
      ejection fraction during supine maximal exercise in man. The revascularized
      ventricle with normal or nearly normal performance in studies done at rest
      responds by decreasing end-diastolic and end-systolic volume and by increasing
      the ejection fraction. Increases in volumes or decreases in ejection fraction
      reflect old myocardial damage from infarction, fibrosis or ischemia from
      incomplete revascularization.

PMID- 688583
TI  - Correlation of angiographic and autopsy left ventricular dimensions in children.
AB  - To evaluate controlled pressure coronary artery perfusion fixation of hearts as a
      means of obtaining meaningful cardiac measurements at autopsy, left ventricular
      (LV) autopsy measurements were correlated with in vivo end-diastolic (D) and end
      systolic (S) angiographic (angio) values from biplane cineangiograms in the same
      patients. Mitral (MV) and aortic valve (AV) circumferences, LV equatorial
      circumference (Circ), spatial inflow and outflow lengths, wall thickness (W) and
      LV volume (Vol) were measured in 34 children with congenital heart disease. All
      dimensions showed significant correlation of angiographic and autopsy data from
      which linear regression equations were derived. The r values obtained were: MV
      0.74; AV 0.85; D Circ 0.83; S Circ 0.82; D inflow 0.92; S inflow 0.90; D and S
      outflow 0.96; W 0.78; D Vol 0.92; S Vol 0.86. Mean angio and autopsy values were
      not significantly different for AV, S inflow, and S Vol. Autopsy values were
      lower than all D angio values and MV (P less than 0.001 for all), and higher than
      angio W and S outflow (P less than 0.001 for both). The data show that changes of
      LV morphology with this fixation method are predictable, making estimation of in
      vivo values from autopsy measurements possible using the derived linear
      regression equations.

PMID- 688584
TI  - The genesis of the diastolic murmur of complete heart block. Phono
      echocardiographic observations.
AB  - A 72-year-old man with calcific aortic stenosis and complete heart block was
      noted to have an intermittent diastolic murmur. Using combined echocardiography
      and phonocardiography, it was demonstrated that the murmur occurred while the
      mitral valve was closing. This suggested that antegrade flow across a closing
      mitral orifice is of etiologic importance in the production of the murmur. Atrial
      sounds were also recorded and probably have a similar etiology. It is postulated
      that reduced ventricular compliance resulting in a more rapid rate of mitral
      valve closure was of etiologic importance in the genesis of the murmur.

PMID- 688585
TI  - Isolated drainage of the superior vena cava into the left atrium in a 52-year-old
      man: a rare congenital malformation in the adult presenting with cyanosis,
      polycythemia, and an unsuccessful lung scan.
AB  - This report describes a 52-year-old black male with the isolated finding of an
      anomalous superior vena cava draining into the left atrium. The patient presented
      with dizziness, mild cyanosis, polycythemia and normal cardiac and pulmonary
      findings. The first major diagnostic clue in this confusing clinical presentation
      was an unsuccessful lung perfusion scan in which intravenous tracer consistently
      bypassed the lungs. This appears to be the first adult presenting with this rare
      anomaly. This condition should be suspected if cyanosis, clubbing, and a "normal"
      cardiac examination coexist and if the more common pulmonary and hematological
      causes of this triad have been excluded.

PMID- 688586
TI  - Exercise tests and ST changes.

PMID- 688587
TI  - Truncus arteriosus type IV.

PMID- 688588
TI  - Coronary anomalies.

PMID- 688589
TI  - Echo diagnosis of ruptured aortic valve leaflet.

PMID- 688590
TI  - Determination of drugs of abuse in body fluids by radioimmunoassay.
AB  - Only recently has radioimmunoassay been used for the detection of drugs of abuse
      in body fluids. The radioimmunoassay method is rapid, sensitive, specific, and
      can be performed with a minimum of sample, while conventional assay methods are
      time-consuming, relatively insensitive, and require a larger sample volume.
      Performance of individual radioimmunoassays is identical, and requires about one
      hour to complete. The radioimmunoassays which have been developed for measurement
      of drugs of abuse in humans are reviewed in this paper. These new techniques are
      of importance in individual and/or emergency testing, in screening, and in
      further research into the effect of these drugs on the functions of the human
      body.

PMID- 688591
TI  - A rapid, sensitive method for accurate analysis of individual bile acids in
      biological fluids by high performance thin-layer chromatography and densitometry.
AB  - 1. A rapid new micromethod for quantitative analysis of individual bile acids in
      duodenal juice by high performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) and
      densitometry is described and evaluated by comparison with standard TLC and
      spectrophotometry. 2. Advantages of HPTLC over TLC include more rapid separation,
      better resolution and more sensitive detection (5 - 10 fold), without the need
      for prior extraction. Densitometry provides simple, direct and rapid
      quantitation. 3. The method is accurate and reliable over a range of bile acid
      concentrations. In the 0.5 mM range, recovery was greater than 89%, and
      coefficients of variation for within-day analysis were 2 - 12% and for between
      day analysis were 6 - 18% for the individual bile acids. Twenty analyses can be
      performed by one worker in a single day. 4. We conclude that the method offers
      several advantages over most currently described techniques, is suitable for
      routine use and is deserving of wider application.

PMID- 688592
TI  - Nanogram-range determination of plasma imipramine by gas-liquid chromatography
      using a selective nitrogen/phosphorus detector.
AB  - A sensitive and specific gas chromatographic method for the quantitative
      determination of plasma concentrations resulting from a single normal therapeutic
      dose of imipramine has been developed and is descriged. After extraction into a
      mixture of n-heptane/isoamyl alcohol (98.5:1.5), imipramine is well separated
      from its main metabolite, desmethylimipramine, and both compounds are detected
      using a selective detector operating in the N/P mode. The procedure permits the
      rapid routine quantitative analysis of relatively small plasma volumes (1-2 ml)
      containing as little as 1-2 ng of imipramine. No interference from the biological
      matrix is apparent. The suitability of the method for the analysis of biological
      samples was tested by studying the time of course of imipramine plasma
      concentrations in normal human volunteers, after administration of a single
      therapeutic dose.

PMID- 688593
TI  - The contribution of propranolol metabolites to the fluorometric assay of
      propranolol in human plasma.
AB  - 1. Studies were undertaken to determine the fluorescent properties of several
      propranolol metabolites under the conditions of the fluorometric propranolol
      assay. Of the metabolites studied, propranolol glycol and N
      desisopropylpropranolol had significant molar fluorescent coefficients relative
      to propranolol (72 and 79% respectively). N-desisopropylpropranolol was extracted
      with the same efficiency as propranolol (greater than 90%) wheras the glycol
      metabolite had only 34% extraction efficiency. Addition of each metabolite to
      samples of human plasma containing propranolol produced the predicted increase in
      fluorescent intensity. 2. Gas chromatographic analysis of plasma collected from
      22 hypertensive patients chronically receiving oral propranolol revealed low
      concentrations of propranolol glycol and N-desisopropylpropranolol relative to
      propranolol. The results of these studies indicate that fluorescent metabolites
      of propranolol are not present in sufficient concentration to significantly
      interfere with the fluorometric assay of propranolol.

PMID- 688594
TI  - Evaluation of continuous solvent extraction of organic acids from biological
      fluids.
AB  - We evaluated the efficiency of continuous solvent extraction with ether for the
      analysis of organic acids by gas chromatography using a representative group of
      organic acids and urine from several normal children. Variables examined were the
      time of extraction, volume of sample, and the quantity and chemical class of acid
      present. In terms of the decreased time required and invariant extraction of
      acids of pathologic significnace continuous solvent extraction compares favorably
      with the more time consuming albeit less discriminatory ion-exchange procedure.
      Continuous solvent extraction appears especially well suited for analysis of
      short chain aliphatic acids by gas chromatography.

PMID- 688595
TI  - Interferences in an emergency acetaminophen method and its modification.
AB  - A quick simple method for emergency acetaminophen estimation is that of Glynn and
      Kendall (1975). Apart from the known interference of salicylate, sera from uremic
      patients was shown to give falsely high results. A modified method is presented,
      with a scanning check to identify the presence of such non-specific chromogens.

PMID- 688596
TI  - Statistical and clinical norms: variations on a familiar theme.

PMID- 688597
TI  - Effect of specimen storage and preservation on toxicological analyses of urine.
AB  - 1. The stability of nineteen classes of drugs or their metabolites in urine
      specimens, for the purpose of toxicological screening has been studied for
      periods of up to thirty-six weeks. 2. The effect of specimen preservation by
      refrigation and by the addition of boric acid, chloroform, sodium fluoride,
      mercuric chloride, and buffers, has been assessed. 3. With the exception of
      flurazepam, glutethimide, and secobarbital, specimens may be retained at room
      temperature for periods in excess of six weeks without deterioration. 4.
      Preservation by the addition of sodium fluoride (5 g/l) followed by freezing,
      thawing, and filtration significantly prevents specimen deterioration, and may be
      used as the method of choice.

PMID- 688598
TI  - The effect of bilirubin and ketones on reaction rate methods for the measurement
      of creatinine.

PMID- 688599
TI  - A computer model in the selection of multiple channel analysers.
AB  - 1. A simple computer model is described which was used to study possible test
      combinations on automated multichannel analysers. Specific objectives were
      minimisation of manpower and maximisation of throughput of the specimen
      preparation process. 2. In our case, by appropriate test combination selection, a
      staff saving of 50% in the aliquotting process is predicted. For tests that are
      available on multichannel analysers, a reduction from 198 to 121 aliquots per 100
      patient specimens is expected on an 18 channel machine. With the use of filter
      separation systems, manual aliquotting would be required for 21 specimens per
      100.

PMID- 688600
TI  - A convenient method for the determination of non-specific binding in commercially
      available solid phase iodine labeled radioimmunoassay kits.
AB  - 57Co-cyanocobalamin is substituted for iodine labeled antigen in three
      commercially available solid phase radioimmunoassay kits to evaluate the extent
      of non-specific binding by determination of the supernatant and residual fraction
      of unbound ligand and thus obtain a value for corrected binding throughout the
      range of the calibrated standard curve. In the present state of technology
      correction appears to have a trifling effect on the overall accuracy of the
      assay; however, the method as described allows the laboratorian to confirm for
      himself when testing a new product.

PMID- 688601
TI  - Micro-scale extractive alkylation procedure for the gas-chromatographic
      measurement of theophylline in serum and saliva, with use of a nitrogen detector.
AB  - In this 10-min gas-chromatographic assay for theophylline, a 25-microliter
      portion of serum or saliva sample, 100 microliter of extraction reagent, and 1.0
      ml of solvent were mixed, the solvent separated and evaporated, and an aliquot of
      the reconstituted extract injected into the gas chromatograph. At a concentration
      of 11 mg/liter, within-run precision (CV) was 3.6% and run-to-run 2.9%. At 22
      mg/liter, within-run precision was 2.8%. Concentration and instrument response
      are linearly related between 2 and 40 mg/liter. The limit of detection was 0.4
      mg/liter. Results correlated well (r = 0.98) with those by another micro-scale
      gas-chromatographic procedure. Analytical recovery was estimated to exceed 90%,
      and no interferences from other xanthines or related drugs were observed.

PMID- 688602
TI  - Adrenal status assessed by direct radioimmunoassay of cortisol in whole saliva or
      parotid saliva.
AB  - We describe a direct radioimmunoassay for cortisol in 10-microliter volumes of
      parotid saliva or whole saliva. Binding proteins are absent from these fluids, as
      demonstrated by the excellent correlation between results for samples assayed
      directly and by a comparison procedure involving extraction with 1,2
      dichloroethane. The direct assay is specific, precise, and had a lower limit of
      sensitivity of 4 pg per assay tube. Comparison of cortisol concentrations in
      plasma, parotid saliva, and whole saliva in persons undergoing investigations for
      assessing adrenal function, including stimulation with cosyntropin (Synacthen)
      and suppression with dexamethasone, indicated that changes in plasma cortisol
      concentration were accurately and immediately reflected in saliva from either the
      parotidgland or whole saliva. A marked circadian rhythm has also been
      demonstrated for cortisol in parotid-gland saliva and whole saliva. We had to
      modify the 1,2-dichloroethane extraction procedure for accurate determination of
      cortisol in parotid saliva and whole saliva of patients undergoing treatment with
      metyrapone.

PMID- 688603
TI  - Simple radioimmunoassay of cortisol in diluted samples of human plasma.
AB  - We describe a simple radioimmunoassay of plasma cortisol, which can be performed
      in 3 h and which requires no purification, heating, or refrigeration steps. The
      plasma proteins are inhibited through direct competition between them and the
      antiserum at room temperature, at which the antiserum's affinity exceeds that of
      the binding proteins. Plasma, diluted with water, is incubated for 3 h at room
      temperature with [3H]cortisol and the antiserum. We compared results with those
      by the usual extraction method. The correlation between methods on evaluating
      normal samples with one antiserum. We compared results with those by the usual
      extraction method. The correlation between methods on evaluating normal samples
      with one antiserum was r = 0.954 (P less than 0.001), and the slope was 0.661.
      With three other antisera it was r = 0.922 (P less than 0.001) and slope 0.644.
      Plasmas with abnormal protein concentrations (i.e., from preganant women, and
      after corticotropin administration), tested to examine the validity of the method
      for routine use, and to define the role of the protein carriers, showed r = 0.859
      (P less than 0.001) and slope 0.726 for the four antisera used. Additional
      samples, assayed with diluted standards plus stripped plasma, showed a
      correlation with the usual extraction method of r = 0.945 (P less than 0.001) and
      slope 1.026.

PMID- 688604
TI  - Radioimmunoassay of methaqualone in human urine compared with chromatographic
      methods.
AB  - The 125I-radioimmunoassay for methaqualone in human urine was evaluated by a
      comparison with newly modified gas-liquid chromatographic and thin-layer
      chromatographic methods. The statistically significant sensitivity value for the
      radioimmunoassay was at 2 microgram of methaqualone per liter of urine. The
      coefficient of variation was 2.88 +/- 0.39% interassay and 2.71 +/- 0.16%
      intraassay. There was cross-reactivity only with metabolites of methaqualone, 4'
      hydroxymethaqualone being twice as sensitively measured as methaqualone. There
      was complete agreement between results by radioimmunoassay and by gas-liquid
      chromatography in 96.7% of the samples analyzed. Only 1.2% of the
      radioimmunoassay values were false positives, and 2.1% false negatives (phi =
      0.8917, P less than 0.001). Comparisons between the thin-layer chromatographic
      data and the gas-liquid chromatographic or radioimmunoassay data showed less
      agreement because of the 50- to 200-fold higher sensitivity of the latter two
      techniques. Gas-liquid chromatography therefore appears to represent the best
      reference method for the evaluation of the radioimmunoassay, which appears to be
      a very sensitive and reliable technique for detecting methaqualone and its
      metabolites in human urine.

PMID- 688605
TI  - External quality-control survey of cholesterol analyses performed by 12 lipid
      research clinics.
AB  - We report accuracy and precision achieved in the automated analysis for
      cholesterol in a long-term multilaboratory study, presenting and evaluating the
      significance of data accumulated by 12 Lipid Research Clinics (LRC's) in the
      analysis of 18 unknown surveillance pools during three years. The average bias
      for all pools and for 13 autoAnalyzer II (Technicon Instruments Corp., Tarrytown,
      N.Y. 10591) instruments in the 12 clinics was -0.41% (range -1.2 to +0.3%), as
      compared to values established by reference methodology. The regression equation
      relating observed cholesterol values (y) to reference values (x) was: y = 0.35 +
      0.977x. The bias varied from pool to pool (-2.3 to +5.3%), positive biases being
      observed for pools with cholesterol concentrations less than 1.4 g/liter, and
      negative biases for those pools with higher concentrations. Total standard
      deviations ranged between 25 and 75 mg/liter, and total CV's for most individual
      instruments were between 1 and 3%. Of the variability for a particular pool, less
      than 20% was due to differences among instruments, and within- and between-run
      variabilities were approximately equal. These trends were the same as those
      previously observed [Clin. Chem. 23, 1744 (1977)] in the analysis of bench
      control pools of known cholesterol concentration.

PMID- 688606
TI  - Determination of aluminum in biological samples by atomic absorption
      spectrophotometry with a graphite furnace.
AB  - Aluminum, generally considered non-essential and non-toxic, may accumulate in
      toxic amounts in the brain in cases of chronic renal failure. We describe a
      procedure for its analysis in biological fluids by atomic absorption
      spectrophotometry with a graphite furnace. No sample preparation is required and
      the procedure is sensitive at the appropriate concentrations. A sample of serum
      or urine is pipetted into the interior of the graphite tube, where it is
      sequentially dried, charred, and atomized. Precautions for sample handling are
      discussed and instrument settings are defined. Precision and accuracy of the
      method are evaluated, as are the effects of salts, protein content of serum, and
      specific gravity of urine. Serum of 23 persons who were not consuming aluminum
      containing antacids contained 28 +/- 9 (SD) microgram of Al per liter (1.02 +/-
      0.33 mumol/liter).

PMID- 688607
TI  - Bilirubin-protein interactions monitored by difference spectroscopy.
AB  - Difference spectroscopy is used to monitor bilirubin-protein interactions, to
      assess the residual binding capacity of proteins for bilirubin. A change in the
      difference spectra monitored at 482 nm is directly proportional to bound
      bilirubin up to a molar ratio of bilirubin to albumin of approximately 1;
      increasing bilirubin beyond the 1:1 molar ratio does not further change the
      difference spectra. After excess free bilirubin is added, the change in the
      difference spectrum is proportional to the residual binding capacity of the serum
      for bilirubin. The risk of kernicterus among neonates may be assessed by
      monitoring the residual bilirubin binding capacity of serum. This report
      summarizes our research effort leading to an assay method which requires only 40
      microliter of serum and can be completed in less than 10 min.

PMID- 688608
TI  - Spectrodensitometry of nanogram quantities of cholesterol.
AB  - In studies of hydrolysis and synthesis of cholesterol esters by aortic enzymes,
      conventional methods (aside from isotope methodology) are too insensitive to
      measure reaction products when few aortas are used. High-performance thin-layer
      chromatography coupled with spectrodensitometry of plates charred after spraying
      with a cupric acetate-phosphoric acid reagent permitted quantitation of 10-ng
      amounts of cholesterol, cholesterol oleate oleate, and oleic acid. Linear
      calibration curves were obtained after spectrodensitometry of chromatograms
      containing 10-200 ng of lipid. The results were verified by radioassay.

PMID- 688609
TI  - Liquid-chromatographic determination of serotonin in serum and plasma.
AB  - Using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection, we
      determined serotonin in plasma from parkinsonian patients being treated with L
      3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine or N-(DL-seryl)-N'(2,3,4
      trihydroxybenzyl)hydrochloride plus L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine ("Sinemet") and
      in serum from a blood bank, from "normal" persons, and a pooled specimen from a
      hospital clinical laboratory. The values obtained for the two groups of
      Parkinson's disease patients showed no significant difference. Long-term storage
      on solid CO2 was xhown to be an adequate technique for preserving samples. The
      mean (+/-SEAM) normal value obtained for serotonin in serum was 146 +/- 46
      microgram/liter (n = 23), a result in harmony with that previously obtained
      [Clin. Chem. 20, 812 (1974)] by fluorometry. In comparison to other methods for
      measurement of serotonin in serum or plasma, we believe that the present scheme
      offers greater selectivity, sensitivity, and precision.

PMID- 688610
TI  - Fluorometric determination of erythrocyte protoporphyrin in blood, a comparison
      between direct (hematofluorometric) and indirect (extraction) methods.
AB  - We measured the concentration of erythrocyte protoporphyrin in 43 blood samples
      by two fluorometric methods. In the indirect method, protoporphyrin was extracted
      from blood and the fluorescence of the free acid in the extract was determined
      with a filter-fluorometer. These results were compared with results of direct
      determination of protoporphyrin in the same samples. In the direct assay the
      fluorescence of protoporphyrin, present in blood as the zinc salt, was measured
      without extraction, with the use of a hematofluorometer. Comparison of the
      results of the direct and indirect methods showed an excellent correlation (r =
      0.986), but the hematofluorometric values (y) were approximately 9% lower than
      the fluorometric values (y = 0.911x). The slope of the regression line (0.911) is
      likely to be different for each hematofluorometer-fluorometer combination.
      Therefore, hematofluorometric values can only be compared with fluorometric
      values if the slope of the regression line is known and is used as a correction
      factor.

PMID- 688611
TI  - Clinical analysis of tamoxifen, an anti-neoplastic agent, in plasma.
AB  - Tamoxifen, a phenylstilbene derivative, is currently being used to treat
      metastatic breast cancer. We describe an analytical method for monitoring the
      parent drug and its 4-hydroxylated derivative in whole blood and plasma. After
      extraction from biological media, the analytes are converted to highly
      fluorescent products by ultraviolet irradiation, and then separated by liquid
      chromatography on a muBondapak CN column, with spectrofluorometric detection of
      components. Detection limits for tamoxifen and its 4-hydroxy derivative are 1 and
      2 microgram/liter of biological fluid, respectively. Conditions have been
      optimized so that the reaction proceeds fast enough for convenient sample
      handling without jeopardizing fluorescence yield due to the photocatalyzed
      degradation of the fluorescent product. Evidence suggests that the fluorophore
      being monitored is a phenanthrene derivative.

PMID- 688612
TI  - Selective purification of tartrate-inhibitable acid phosphatases: rapid and
      efficient purification (to homogeneity) of human and canine prostatic acid
      phosphatases.
AB  - We describe the synthesis of a long-chain monoamide derivative of L(+)-tartaric
      acid and its attachment to Sepharose 4B. Procedures are then described for use of
      this material in purifying human prostatic and (for the first time) canine
      prostatic acid phosphatases to constant specific activity and electrophoretic
      homogeneity. Depending on sample size, such purification is possible in one step,
      and is clearly faster and more efficient than are previously described methods.
      These materials and procedures have significant potential in studies of the
      comparative biochemistry and clinical chemistry of tartrateinhibitable acid
      phosphatases.

PMID- 688613
TI  - Direct non-chromatographic radioimmunoassay of aldosterone: validation of a
      commercially available kit and observations on age-related changes in
      concentrations in plasma.
AB  - Human plasma aldosterone can be rapidly, directly, and reliably measured by
      radioimmunoassay with use of a commercially available anti-aldosterone antibody.
      With this method, we show that values tend to decrease with advancing age,
      especially after the sixth decade.

PMID- 688614
TI  - Comparison of three radioligands, selenium-75, lodine-125, and tritium, in the
      radioimmunoassay of methotrexate.
AB  - Radioimmunoassays for methotrexate are described, involving use of a rabbit
      antiserum to a conjugate of the drug and bovine serum albumin and the drug
      labeled with tritium, selenium-75, or iodine-125. Of the two gamma emitters, the
      75Se-labeled drug was prepared by the Radiochemical Centre, Amersham, England and
      the 125I-labeled drug in the laboratory, by the Chloramine T iodination
      technique. The stability of labels with both methods allows use of the faster,
      cheaper, and simpler gamma-counting techniques, with results available after 3 h.
      All three methods have acceptable sensitivity, accuracy, precision, and
      reproducibility, and are specific for methotrexate, with no significant
      interference from naturally occurring folates or leucovorin. The assays in which
      the gamma emitters are used have significant practical advantages over the beta
      emitter and are much better suited to automation and clinical application. The
      main advantage of 75Se=labeled methotrexate is its longer half-life, 121 days, as
      compared with 60 days for 125I.

PMID- 688615
TI  - Analysis for salicylic acid in serum by high-performance liquid chromatography.
AB  - We report a specific and sensitive quantitative assay for salicylate in serum or
      plasma. As little as 3 microliter of sample can be analyzed by an external
      standard procedure and larger volumes by diluting with the internal standard (o
      methoxybenzoic acid). No extraction or derivatization is necessary and salicylic
      acid and the internal standard elute in 6 and 3.75 min, respectively. Peak-height
      ratios are linearly related to concentrations between 10 and 500 mg/liter. By
      comparison with an existing fluorometric method, our procedure is faster, more
      specific, and more sensitive.

PMID- 688617
TI  - Creatine kinase in serum: 5. Effect of thiols on isoenzyme activity during
      storage at various temperatures.
AB  - We studied changes in the activity of human creatine kinase isoenzymes (native MM
      in serum, MM, MB, and BB preparations in serum matrix) on storage in the presence
      of 0, 10, 20, and 50 mmol of N-acetyl cysteine, 2-mercaptoethanol, and 1
      thioglycerol per liter of serum at 37, 30, 25, 4, and -20 degrees C. We also
      assessed the stability of the thiols under the same conditions. We generally
      confirmed increasing stability in the sequence: BB, MB, and MM isoenzyme. Above
      30 degrees C irreversible inactivation is very rapid, even in the presence of
      thiols. At lower temperatures endogenous MM is sufficiently stable; thus, the use
      of protective thiols can be restricted to sera expected to contain isoenzymes MB
      or BB. Our studies lead us to prefer use of 50 mmol of N-acetyl cysteine per
      liter of serum. The other thiols cause turbidity to develop earlier and their
      decomposittion products diminish the activity more. The initial activity of the
      MB and BB preparations increased by as much as 2.3- and 1.8-fold on storage with
      thiols. This effect was not observed with either endogenous MB and MM or with the
      MM prepartion.

PMID- 688616
TI  - Plasma calcium, copper, magnesium, and zinc concentrations in patients with the
      alcohol withdrawal syndrome.
AB  - We determined zinc, copper, magnesium, and calcium concentrations by atomic
      absorption spectrophotometry in the plasma of 30 patients hospitalized for
      treatment of seizures during a period of alcohol withdrawal. Those patients who
      developed delirium tremens or a prolonged hallucinatory state had significantly
      higher plasma copper concentrations (P = 0.026), significantly lower zinc
      concentrations (P = 0.004), and significantly higher copper/zinc ratios (P =
      0.001) than the patients who recovered uneventfully. Zinc deficiency may be one
      of the factors that contribute to the neurologic complications of alcoholism. A
      determination of the plasma copper/zinc ratio early in the course of alcohol
      withdrawal could be of value in indicating which patients have the most
      substantial underlying disease or metabolic imbalance and therefore may be at
      greatest risk of developing delirium tremens or prolonged hallucinosis.

PMID- 688618
TI  - Emergency procedure for digoxin radioassay.
AB  - A rapid but precise radioassay for digoxin has been developed by optimizing the
      conditions for antigen-antibody interaction and for separation of bound and free
      fractions. This new procedure involves incubation of radioactively labeled
      antigen, antibody, and standard or sample at 3 degrees C for 10 min. Charcoal is
      then added, the mixture centrifuged for 5 min, and the radioactivity of the
      supernate counted. Results are available in less than 1 h after receipt of the
      specimens, making the procedure suitable for emergency determinations. Results
      correlate well with those by our routine procedure (Becton Dickinson) (r =
      0.9739, y = 0.0356 + 0.9915x, n = 49). Analytical recovery of added pure digoxin
      exceeds 94%, both within and between assay CV's are less than 8%.

PMID- 688619
TI  - Blood intermediary metabolite and insulin concentrations after an overnight fast:
      reference ranges for adults, and interrelations.
AB  - Concentrations of several metabolites in deproteinized blood and plasma were
      determined in 100 subjects after an overnight fast, to establish reference
      ranges. Blood glycerol, nonesterified fatty acids, and ketone body concentrations
      and the 3-hydroxybutyrate/acetoacetate ratio increased with age while blood
      alanine concentrations delined. Serum insulin and blood alanine concentrations
      were also related to weight. No marked sex-related differences were found,
      although blood glycerol concentration was slightly higher in women. Distribution
      of all metabolite concentrations was positively skewed, except for glucose, but
      skewness could be corrected by logarithmic transformation. Skew was particularly
      marked for blood ketone body concentrations. Concentrations of all metabolites in
      plasma exceeded those in whole blood, but this was significant for only lactate
      and pyruvate when concentrations in plasma were compared with calculated
      concentrations in erythrocyte water.

PMID- 688620
TI  - Gas-liquid chromatographic determination of bupivacaine and lidocaine in plasma.
AB  - A modified gas-liquid chromatographic method for determining plasma
      concentrations of bupivacaine and lidocaine is described, with cyclizine as an
      internal standard. The extraction procedure requires no solvent evaporation, thus
      overcoming the problem of drug volatility. Concentrations as low as 0.1 mg/liter
      can be determined. The plasma sample is made alkaline and extracted into n
      hexane, re-extracted into a small volume of an aqueous acid phase, and finally
      extracted into 50 microliter of methylene chloride after alkalinization. The
      final extract is assayed by gas chromatography on a 5% OV-17 column. The
      extraction scheme of the present method eliminates interferences by endogenous
      plasma constituents.

PMID- 688621
TI  - Improved thin-layer chromatographic method in the diagnosis of mannosidosis.
AB  - An improved thin-layer chromatographic method is described for the facile
      separation of neutral oligosaccharides excreted in the urine of patients with
      mannosidosis. The urine sample is treated with mixed-bed ion-exchange resin to
      remove charged species. The eluate is then chromatographed on silica gel thin
      layer plates with n-propanol water as the developer. Eleven unique orcinol
      positive components can thus be resolved. The advantages of this method over
      previously described techniques are the ease and rapidity of assay, better
      resolution of components, and clarity of resolution. It should be applicable to
      other disease states in which distinctive neutral carbohydrate products are
      produced.

PMID- 688622
TI  - New continuous-flow analysis for simultaneous determination of creatinine and
      uric acid in 200 microliters of serum without use of a dialyzer.
AB  - We present a new method for direct continuous-flow (AutoAnalyzer II) measurement
      of serum creatinine and uric acid. The manifold is simple, inexpensive, and can
      be constructed in the laboratory. Only 200 microliters of serum is needed;
      analysis rate is 60 samples per hour. The incorporation of sodium dodecyl sulfate
      and the simultaneous provision of blank subtraction make it possible to omit the
      dialysis step. Our method does not require the linearizer, since instrument
      response and concentration of creatinine and uric acid are linearly related to
      200 and 120 mg/liter, respectively. The percentages of steady state, interaction,
      and recovery are acceptable, Precision is excellent and the results obtained from
      the new method correlate well with those obtained by the comparison methods.
      Interferences are few and, when encountered, are generally smaller than in the
      modified Technicon method. Marked hemolysis interferes only with the uric acid
      assay; marked turbidity has no effect on results for creatinine. Icteric serum
      with total bilirubin of 50 and 100 mg/liter interferes significantly with results
      for creatinine and uric acid, respectively, by the new method.

PMID- 688623
TI  - Direct solid-phase 125I radioimmunoassay of serum cortisol.
AB  - We report a solid-phase iodine- 125 radioimmunoassay for serum cortisol in which
      the interfering binding proteins are inactivated by a combination of reaction pH
      and 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid. The procedure is easy to perform and
      gives accurate and reliable results. The shift in pH for optimum binding of an
      antibody resulting from immobilization on a solid support, used to decrease
      cortisol binding competition in the present test, is potentially exploitable in
      other antibody and enzyme systems.

PMID- 688624
TI  - Measurement of chloroprocaine and procaine in plasma by flame ionization gas
      liquid chromatography.
AB  - We describe an isothermal gas-liquid chromatographic procedure developed for
      measuring procaine and chloroprocaine in plasma. The unchanged drug is extracted
      into toluene from alkalinized plasma, together with an internal standard. The
      solvent is removed, the residue redissolved in methanol, and aliquots are
      injected into a 91.5-cm gas-liquid chromatographic column containing 3% OV-210.
      Sensitivity of detection is in the nanogram range.

PMID- 688626
TI  - An impurity in the buffer 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, which correlates with
      depression of measured alkaline phosphatase activity.
AB  - Recent findings indicate that the buffer 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, widely used
      in clinical measurement of alkaline phosphatase activity, contains an impurity
      that inhibits the activity of the enzyme. Analysis of several lots of 2-amino-2
      methyl-1-propanol has demonstrated the presence of a material, the concentration
      of which correlates well with alkaline phosphatase activity. Mass spectral
      analysis of this material indicates that it is a substituted ethylenediamine
      compound. Zinc chelation is discussed as a possible mode of its inhibition.
      Further work is in progress to separate and characterize this and other compounds
      in the buffer and to determine their modes and degrees of alkaline phosphatase
      inhibition.

PMID- 688625
TI  - Use of the vertical rotor to facilitate estrogen and progesterone receptor
      analysis.
AB  - Sucrose density-gradient analysis is one method of identifying specific estrogen
      and progesterone receptors in mammary tumor tissue. Use of the vertical rotor
      makes this practical for routine applications in the clinical laboratory by
      increasing the number of samples that can be run at one time and shortening the
      centrifuge time from 18 to less than 2 h. The separations and reproducibility
      compare favorably with those obtained with a swinging-bucket rotor.

PMID- 688627
TI  - Semi-automated micro-scale extraction apparatus for assay of free fatty acids in
      plasma.
AB  - We describe the use of a semi-automated micro-scale extraction apparatus as
      applied to the assay of free fatty acids in plasma. With it, a smaller plasma
      sample is required, disposable glassware can replace acid-washed glassware, and
      the number of samples that one technican can assay per day is increased fivefold.
      Theroretically, this apparatus can be applied to all assay procedures requiring
      one or more extraction steps.

PMID- 688628
TI  - Enzymic serum cholesterol measurement with a basic autoanalyzer and Du Pont aca
      method.
AB  - I compared enzymic methods for total serum cholesterol as used with discrete (Du
      Pont aca and reagent packs) and continuous-flow (Boehringer Mannheim reagents and
      the Technicon AuotAnalyzer I) analysis of normal, icteric, and lipemic sera. The
      regression equation for 24 clear, non-icteric sera was: y (continuous flow) =
      0.944x (aca) + 10.69; r = 0.971, Syx +/- 53.7 mg of cholesterol per liter. The
      continuous-flow system indicated no significant interference when as much as 350
      mg of bilirubin was added per liter. Results with the aca method indicated a
      decrease in apparent cholesterol of about 5 mg/liter per milligram of added
      bilirubin. Serial diluting of lipemic sera resulted in falsely higher values with
      the aca method but no clinically significant effect on results with the
      AutoAnalyzer procedure. Apparent cholesterol as measured with the aca became
      proportionately greater than AutoAnalyzer values with increasing serum
      triglyceride concentration.

PMID- 688629
TI  - Detection of hemophilia A carriers by use of frozen plasma samples.
AB  - The efficacy of using promptly frozen plasma samples in the diagnosis of the
      carrier state for hemophilia A was evaluated by simultaneous measurement of
      factor VIII acitivity and antigen in 20 normal women and 20 obligate carriers.
      Factor VIII antigen was measured by two methods, electroimmunoassay and
      immunoradiometric assay. When the factor VIII activity and antigen data were
      evaluated by regression analysis, 94% of the carriers were correctly identified
      at the 95% confidence level.

PMID- 688630
TI  - Emergency gas-chromatographic assay of phenobarbital and phenytoin and liquid
      chromatographic assay of theophylline.
AB  - Phenobarbital and phenytoin are extracted and concentrated in a single step,
      without solvent evaporation, followed by on-column methylation and gas
      chromatographic quanitation. A similar extraction step for the assay of
      theophylline by high-pressure liquid chromatography is described. The extraction
      step can be completed in less than 2 min, the chromatographic step in less than 8
      min. This extraction method yields clean chromatograms, avoids evaporating health
      hazardous solvents, and is applicable to other drugs.

PMID- 688631
TI  - Performance comparison of the Corning thin-film agarose and the Hyland thick-film
      agar methods for immunoelectrophoresis.
AB  - Many clinical laboratories do immunoelectrophoresis for qualitative assessment of
      proteins in biological fluids. Commercial kits are available that supply some or
      all of the necessary components, but the nature of these components varies.
      Seeking a reliable method for most easily preserving the original
      immunoelectrophoresis pattern as a permanent record, we compared a thick-film
      agar method to a thin-film agarose method in immunoelectrophoresis of a total of
      70 serum and urine samples. For each sample, either method resulted in the same
      interpretation. The thin-film agarose method not only yields a stained, permanent
      record in about the same time that the thick film agar is ready for
      interpretation but not preservation, but also requires less antiserum, a smaller
      sample, and may not require purchase of additional hardware.

PMID- 688632
TI  - Emergency determination of acetaminophen.
AB  - I describe a senstive colorimetric micromethod in which a pH 11.0 carbonate
      buffer is used to induce acetaminophen to react with Folin-Ciocalteau reagent at
      room temperature. These reagents and a simple solvent extraction favor formation
      of a stable indophenol dye with acetaminophen, giving this procedure a good
      degree of specificity. Results correlate well with those by liquid
      chromatographic procedures, and day-to-day precision is less than 8%.

PMID- 688633
TI  - Evaluation of a commercially obtainable ferritin test kit in relation to the high
      dose parabolic phenomenon.

PMID- 688634
TI  - Measurement of the various forms of bilirubin in serum.

PMID- 688635
TI  - Zinc contamination in a trace-element control serum.

PMID- 688637
TI  - Kit vendors: make the purchaser aware of compromises.

PMID- 688636
TI  - Alcoholic myopathy and changes in serum enzyme activity.

PMID- 688638
TI  - Creatine kinase isoenzymes in serum of patients with cancer of various organs.

PMID- 688639
TI  - [Determination of T4 with Seralute-T4 RIA kit].

PMID- 688640
TI  - [TRI-TAB kit and TETRA-TAB kit].

PMID- 688642
TI  - [Quantitative changes in polyamines and histamine during the formation of goiter
      in rats].

PMID- 688641
TI  - [Changes in serum enzymes in primary hypothyroidism--clinical studies].

PMID- 688643
TI  - [Case of pituitary apoplexy simulating meningitis, and familial cases of primary
      hemochromatosis with pituitary hypogonadism].

PMID- 688644
TI  - [Endocrine abnormalities in systemic muscle cramp].

PMID- 688645
TI  - [Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic coma in a patient with hypothalamic tumor-
      a case study].

PMID- 688647
TI  - [Hyperprolactinemia and pituitary neoplasms].

PMID- 688646
TI  - [Regulatory mechanism of gonadotropin secretion (3). Negative feedback and
      biphasic effect of estrogens on gonadotropin].

PMID- 688648
TI  - [Clinical observation of thyroid neoplasms associated with cysts].

PMID- 688649
TI  - [Endocrinological studies of Turner's syndrome].

PMID- 688650
TI  - [Effects of gestagen on pregnancy maintenance and uterine contraction-
      experimental studies].

PMID- 688651
TI  - [Effects of various drugs on the formation of a complex of prostatic cytosol
      receptor protein and dihydrotestosterone].

PMID- 688652
TI  - [Effects of caerulein on pancreatic endocrine functions].

PMID- 688653
TI  - [Growth hormone secretion and somatostatin].

PMID- 688654
TI  - [Somatostatin of the human CSF and rat hypothalamus].

PMID- 688655
TI  - [Effects of high kaliumion, calcium ion and dopamine on somatostatin secretion
      from the rat hypothalamus nerve endings].

PMID- 688656
TI  - [Radioimmunoassay of somatostatin and its degradation in the serum].

PMID- 688657
TI  - [Radioimunoassay with a new somatostatin antiserum--experimental studies].

PMID- 688658
TI  - [Inactivation of somatostatin in the serum and brain tissue].

PMID- 688659
TI  - [Somatostatin-like substance of the cerebrospinal fluid in acromegaly and
      idiopathic pituitary dwarfism].

PMID- 688660
TI  - [Thyroid somatostatin].

PMID- 688661
TI  - [Somatostatin-like substances in the decidua and chorionic villi in the early
      stage of pregnancy].

PMID- 688662
TI  - [Action mechanism of somatostatin in growth hormone secretion].

PMID- 688663
TI  - [Somatostatin-binding-protein].

PMID- 688664
TI  - [Physiological significance of endogenous somatostatin in insulin and glucagon
      secretion].

PMID- 688665
TI  - [Effects of growth hormone administration on the somatostatin content of the
      hypothalamus].

PMID- 688666
TI  - [Diabetes mellitus and pancreatic somatostatin].

PMID- 688667
TI  - [Malignant insulino-gastrino-somatostatinoma (author's transl)].

PMID- 688668
TI  - [Mechanism involved in the basal body temperature--effects of sex hormones and
      gonadotropin on the temperature regulation system in rats].

PMID- 688669
TI  - [Heterogeneity of beta-endorphin in the rat pituitary gland and its incubation
      medium].

PMID- 688670
TI  - [Experimental studies of HGH-RIA kit (S-8540) by a solid phase method].

PMID- 688671
TI  - [Action mechanism of steroids--with special reference to the nuclear acceptor].

PMID- 688672
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics of glucocorticoid preparations and their clinical application].

PMID- 688673
TI  - [Clinical application of angiotensin II derivatives].

PMID- 688674
TI  - [Biosynthesis and multiplicity of immunologic activities of beta-endorphin].

PMID- 688675
TI  - [Long-term administration of 1-alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol in the treatment of
      postoperative hypoparathyroidism].

PMID- 688676
TI  - [Experimental and clinical evaluations of the determination of human growth
      hormone using Phadebas hGH PRIST Kit].

PMID- 688677
TI  - [Experience in the use of a RIA kit for determination of thyroglobulin antibody].

PMID- 688678
TI  - [Triiodothyronine radioimmunoassay by a solid phase method--an evaluation of
      Konsul T3 RIA Kit].

PMID- 688679
TI  - [Experimental and clinical evaluations of T4 radioimmunoassay kit by a solid
      phase method--Konsul T4 RIA].

PMID- 688680
TI  - [Experience with a secretin radioimmunoassay kit].

PMID- 688681
TI  - The metabolism of alcohol.

PMID- 688682
TI  - Alcohol and its metabolic interactions with other drugs.

PMID- 688683
TI  - Endocrine effects of alcohol.
AB  - A variety of effects of alcohol on endocrine function are now well documented.
      Clinically, the most important of these are alcohol-induced 'pseudo-Cushing's
      syndrome' and a syndrome of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical
      unresponsiveness, both of which result from long-term over-indulgence, and
      impairment of testosterone secretion which may occur following relatively short
      term drinking. Evidence indicates that a number of different mechanisms are
      responsible for mediating the effects of alcohol on endocrine function. In a few
      instances (e.g. inhibition of vasopressin secretion and impairment of
      steroidogenesis resulting in a fall in testosterone production rate), alcohol
      appears to influence directly the release or synthesis of individual hormones.
      However, the majority of the endocrine effects of alcohol are probably indirect,
      resulting from either the stress of intoxication (stimulation of cortisol,
      catecholamines and possibly GH and prolactin), changes in the level of
      intermediary metabolites (e.g. a fall in circulating FFA stimulating GH
      secretion) or changes in the metabolism of hormones (e.g. catecholamines,
      oestrogens, androgens) resulting from alteration in intracellular redox state or
      tissue damage.

PMID- 688684
TI  - Alcohol and the nervous system.

PMID- 688685
TI  - Alcohol and nutrition.
AB  - Alcoholic patients frequently have evidence of nutritional deficiency the
      consequences of which may be seen in all systems of the body. Alcoholism is
      theoretically a completely preventable disorder which requires more attention by
      the general public, practising physicians and research workers. Rehabilitation of
      the established alcoholic will sometimes be limited by failure to modify
      behaviour or because of nutritionally induced brain damage but we are beginning
      to understand some of the mechanisms by which malnutrition evolves (Figure 2).
      Better methods must be developed to limit alcohol-induced tissue injury in
      patients whose drinking cannot be controlled. The final mechanisms of liver
      injury remain to be established. Cirrhosis may be induced in animals ingesting a
      good diet but this does not ensure adequate delivery and utilization of nutrients
      at the subcellular level. Cirrhosis takes a long time to evolve and the natural
      history, including longitudinal nutritional profiles in man, has not been
      established. Therefore, although normal liver morphology is sometimes seen in
      alcoholics with gross stigmata of malnutrition suggesting that factors other than
      malnutrition are important, it may be that critical nutrients have not been
      deficient for long enough in these individuals or severe depletion has been
      intermittent. Whether or not malnutrition is of decisive importance in the
      toxicity of alcoholic liver injury in man, adequate replacement is essential for
      protection and repair of liver cells. Established daily minimal requirements are
      not adequate for patients with active liver disease. Hepatocyte injury reduces
      the capacity of this major storage site and causes release of vitamins (co
      enzymes) into the circulation in the form of holoenzymes. Liver damage reduces
      the conversion of nutrients into their metabolically useful forms required for
      catabolic processes and to meet increased needs for DNA/RNA synthesis necessary
      for repair of damaged cells and to replace necrotic cells. The choice and route
      of therapy must take account of the patient's metabolic needs and their
      absorptive defects. The effects of alcohol and maternal undernutrition on the
      fetus/neonate may cause intra-uterine death or varying degrees of brain damage,
      thus limiting the potential of the next generation.

PMID- 688686
TI  - Alcohol and the alimentary system.

PMID- 688687
TI  - Mosaicism and the trisomy 8 syndrome.
AB  - Three new cases of trisomy 8 mosaicism are presented; two have features
      corresponding with those usually found in this syndrome, whereas one is highly
      atypical. In view of the almost universal mosaicism of these patients, the
      literature is reviewed with an emphasis on the patterns of mosaicism found. There
      is little correlation between degree of mosaicism and extent of clinical
      abnormality. The degree of mosaicism differs in different tissues, fibroblasts
      being more informative of aneuploidy than lymphocytes, and there is some evidence
      that the degree of mosaicism varies with time. The reasons for these findings are
      discussed, with particular reference to the raised paternal age found in a
      proportion of the reported cases.

PMID- 688688
TI  - In vitro studies of the interaction of calcium ions and other divalent cations
      with the Lp(a) lipoprotein and other isolated serum lipoproteins.
AB  - The interaction of isolated Lp(a) lipoprotein with different divalent cations was
      studied and compared to that of other isolated lipoprotein classes. Purified
      Lp(a) lipoprotein was found to be most sensitive to the metal ions tested, and
      the Lp(a) lipoprotein was the only lipoprotein which was precipitated by calcium
      ions alone. The precipitation apparently depends on the ionic radii of the
      cations used as well as on the lipoprotein class tested. The precipitation
      reaction between calcium ions and the Lp(a) lipoprotein, and the interaction
      between calcium ions and LDL (without precipitation) seem to follow the known
      rules for small ion-macromolecule interaction reasonably well. The calcium ion -
      Lp(a) lipoprotein interaction results in a small aggregate. The binding is of
      ionic type and the precipitation reaction is initially reversible. It was
      estimated that LDL particles have a mean of 290 equivalent and non-interacting
      binding sites for calcium ions. The above observations concerning the Lp(a)
      lipoprotein may be of interest in view of the significantly higher frequency of
      early coronary heart disease in Lp(a+) than in Lp(a-) individuals, and in view of
      the previously reported biochemical differences between individuals of different
      Lp phenotype.

PMID- 688689
TI  - Expression of "adult" polycystic renal disease in the fetus and newborn.
AB  - The manifestations of "adult" polycystic disease of the kidneys are reported in
      fetal life and during infancy. At the time of diagnosis, the patients in whom the
      disorder was detected were a stillborn fetus, a liveborn baby immediately after
      birth, a neonate at 3 weeks of age, and three infants between 2 1/2 and 4 months
      of life. In all six cases, who were unrelated, similar implication of other
      family members was elicited, and in four, parental disease was documented. As
      expected, the disorder in these families was transmitted in an autosomal dominant
      fashion. Apart from the youngsters reported here, all the other known patients in
      the respective families were of adult age. The disease was fatal in all of our
      patients, with death ensuing (except, of course, in the stillbirth) from hours to
      weeks after the diagnosis. This report underlines the variability in the age of
      expression and the mode of presentation of "adult" polycystic kidney disease.

PMID- 688690
TI  - Cluster of cystic fibrosis cases in a limited area of Brittany (France).
AB  - Cystic fibrosis in the northern sector of the French "departement" of Finistere
      is 1:1787 live births. Within this sector a concentration of the disease was
      found in a small area. The minimal frequency in this area, from 1946 to 1972, was
      calculated as 1 per 377 live births, the gene frequency being 0.0515. Genealogic
      analysis, going back to the beginning of the 18th century, showed a relationship
      between 8 of the 10 families to which the patients belonged. The origin of the
      deleterious genes may be explained by a least five primary ancestral couples
      living in the 18th century. Random drift is the most probable explanation for the
      concentration of cystic fibrosis in this region.

PMID- 688691
TI  - Microtia and meatal atresia in mother and son.

PMID- 688692
TI  - Abnormalities resulting from a familial pericentric inversion of chromosome 18.

PMID- 688693
TI  - Influence of continuous-flow blood separator leucophoresis on in vitro functions
      of human lymphocytes.
AB  - The influence of continuous-flow blood separator leucophoresis on these in vitro
      functions of human lymphocytes was studied. In ten separation experiments,
      lymphocyte functions were examined in the presence and absence of mononuclear
      phagocytes before, during and at the end of continuous flow leucophoresis. Cell
      surface markers and effector functions in spontaneous cell-mediated cytotoxicity
      (SCMC) and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) assays did not change
      significantly under the conditions of leucophoresis. By contrast, separator
      lymphocytes exhibited a significantly increased mitogenic response to pokeweed
      mitogen and PPD. Removal of mononuclear phagocytes corrected for this phenomenon.
      PHA and Con A responses were not affected by leucophoresis, nor was the number of
      circulating haemopoietic stem cells (CFU-C) significantly altered during a 4 hr
      continuous flow blood separator run.

PMID- 688694
TI  - Immune complexes in peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leucocytes of malignant
      melanoma patients.
AB  - Immune complexes in PMN cells of sixty-five patients with malignant melanoma were
      studied by scoring the cells for IgG and complement inclusions. Group (a),
      consisting of thirty-four patients free from tumour after surgical therapy,
      showed a median IgG score of 17, which was not statistically different from the
      control group (n = 11), with a median score of 10. However, the tumour-bearing
      group (b) (n = 31) showed a significantly higher median score of 22. When group
      (a) was subidivided, it was shown that the patients who had an invasive growing
      melanoma with a bad prognosis (n = 11) showed a significantly higher median score
      of 25, while the patients who had a superficial melanoma with good prognosis were
      not different from the controls. After subdividing group (b), it was shown that
      patients with localized disease (n = 13) had a median score of 12, which not
      different from that of the controls. However, the patients with regional
      lymphnode involvement (n = 9) or distant metastases (n = 9) showed significantly
      higher median scores of 69 and 24 respectively. Six out of sixteen patients
      showed a significant drop in PMN inclusions after surgery. Complement scores gave
      similar patterns.

PMID- 688695
TI  - Circulating antigens and immune complexes in Schistosoma mansoni-infected rats.
      Characterization by radioimmunoprecipitation-PEG assay (RIPEGA).
AB  - Circulating schistosome antigens (CSA) and circulating immune complexes (CLC)
      were investigated in rats infected with Schistosoma mansoni. The
      radioimmunoprecipitation-polyethylene glycol (PEG) assay (RIPEGA), with 125I
      labelled anti-S. mansoni anti-serum, detected CSA during two distinct periods of
      the infection; the first between the 11th and the 14th week of infection and the
      second between the 11th and 14th week after infection. The CH50 deviation test
      revealed the presence of CIC in sera from infected rats, approximately at the two
      periods when CSA were detected. At 6 weeks of infection, the levels of CIC in
      infected rats were not different from those in control rats. However, a more
      sensitive method characterized IgG2a in C1q-binding C1C from infected rats. At
      weeks 5 and 6, IgE immune complexes were also detected in the serum from infected
      rats. In fact, the use of RIPEGA on the material eluted from infected rat serum
      after passage through an anti-IgE immunosorbent showed the presence of
      schistosome antigen at week 4, and at higher levels at week 6. Levels of 50%
      haemolytic complement in infected rat serum were lowered between the 2nd and the
      4th week, the 5th and the 8th week and after the 12th week of infection. The
      possible role played by CIC in the protective mechanisms to a S. mansoni
      challenge infection in rats is discussed.

PMID- 688696
TI  - Interferon production and lymphocyte stimulation in human leucocyte cultures
      stimulated by Corynebacterium parvum.
AB  - Killed C. parvum organisms stimulated a lymphoproliferative response in human
      peripheral leucocyte cultures of both adult and cord blood origin. They also
      induced high titres of interferon in cultures of adult leucocytes, but there was
      no correlation between the degree of lymphocyte stimulation and of interferon
      production. A considerable variability between donors was seen in both assays.
      The amount of interferon produced in C. parvum-stimulated cultures was
      considerably higher than that stimulated by the T-cell mitogens PHA and Con A and
      that induced by LPS. The anti-viral protein induced by C. parvum fulfilled the
      criteria of interferon and appeared to represent type II interferon.

PMID- 688697
TI  - Immunological recovery after measles.
AB  - Twenty-two children with measles were studied at the stage of the rash and 6
      weeks later, and results compared with matched controls. The total lymphocyte
      count and lymphocyte subpopulations with T- and B-cell markers and those with
      absence of both markers (null cells) were significantly below control levels in
      the acute phase. At 6 weeks the B-cell and null-cell counts were still
      significantly diminished. The function of T cells assessed by 14C uptake of
      phytohaemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes and the delayed skin hypersensitivity
      reaction to dinitrochlorobenzene was impaired during the acute stage, and this
      persisted for 6 weeks. Over the 6 weeks of study there was a small but
      significant rise in serum IgG, IgM and complement factors.

PMID- 688698
TI  - Effect of corticosteroids on committed lymphocytes.
AB  - Human peripheral blood lymphocytes were cultured for 48 hr with concanavalin A.
      The amount of [3H]thymidine incorporated during the last 4 hr of culture, as well
      as the percentage of rosettes of activated lymphocytes generated, were assayed at
      the 48th hr. Adding 0.1 M alpha-methyl-D-mannoside (MAM) at progressively later
      times after the initiation of culture caused progressively less suppression
      because of the commitment phenomenon. This suppression was not exceeded by the
      addition of 10(-4) M preparations of corticosteroids and was statistically the
      same as that induced by a combination of both corticosteroids and MAM. The
      addition of PGE2 alone and in combination with methylprednisolone also failed to
      affect [3H]thymidine incorporation by committed lymphocytes.

PMID- 688699
TI  - Clinical and serologic significance of cutaneous deposits of immunoglobulins, C3,
      and C1q in SLE patients with nephritis.

PMID- 688700
TI  - The i antigen on human myeloid progenitors.

PMID- 688701
TI  - The effect of adenosine on mitogenesis of ADA-deficient lymphocytes.

PMID- 688703
TI  - Common problems in clinical replantation and revascularization in the upper
      extremity.
AB  - The restoration of viability to damaged or amputated tissues may be associated
      with a variety of unique situational and technical problems. The replantation
      surgeon must be aware of the many pitfalls which can occur in the care of these
      serious injuries in order to make appropriate decisions and execute the
      techniques of microsurgery effectively. The care of these patients begins with an
      accurate assessment of the injury and the potential functional restoration which
      can be achieved. It ends following a long rehabilitative and reconstructive
      effort to maximize ultimate function. All phases of this care are the
      responsibility of the replantation surgeon who must identify and attempt to solve
      these unique problems as they arise.

PMID- 688702
TI  - Microvascular anastomosis and its application on the replantation of amputated
      digits and hands.
AB  - Successful microvascular anastomosis depends upon the applications of
      magnifications, special instruments and fine suture materials, and the surgeon's
      skill in the technique. The key points of one millimeter vessel anastomosis are
      the wall-to-wall coaptation of the vessel ends, the fewer number of interrupted
      stitches with relatively loose knot. To gain good coaptation, an oblique
      insertion of a needle through the vessel wall must be used. In a thin-walled vein
      repair, the lumen should always be kept open with frequent irrigations. Between
      July 1965 and December 1976, 150 digits out of 168 in 111 cases and 11 hands in
      11 patients were successfully replanted. All tissues must be repaired primarily.
      The repair of artery is performed first, recirculation is allowed with systemic
      heparinization, followed by vein anastomosis. The rehabilitation is commenced
      from the first day. To gain good function, several reconstructive surgeries may
      be necessary on the replanted digit or hand.

PMID- 688704
TI  - Great toe to hand free tissue transfer.
AB  - Thumb reconstruction is a complex subject and the method selected for each
      patient deserves individual consideration. The method of free toe-to-hand
      transfer for thumb replacement should be chosen only when the surgeon is familiar
      with all alternative methods of thumb reconstruction and feels that this
      technique represents the most reasonable method available. For the surgeon a
      clear understanding of the anatomic similarities and differences between the
      normal thumb and great toe are mandatory. In well selected adults and children
      the failure rate for free toe-to-hand transfer should be very small. The
      advantages of a single staged thumb replacement from tissue of similar character
      and quality without local tissue sacrifice are tremendous. With improvement in
      techniques, experience and case selectiion, much free tissue transfers will
      actively compete with well established methods of thumb reconstruction. Surely
      the free toe-to-hand transfer for thumb replacement of today is a forerunner of
      thumb and hand transplantation of tomorrow.

PMID- 688705
TI  - Techniques of bone fixation and clinical experience in replanted extremities.
AB  - Bone is shortened only enough to obtain skin closure or to remove excessive local
      comminution. Shortening is never done solely for the purpose of obtaining vessel
      apposition since vascular damage may extend beyond the zone of general soft
      tissue involvement. Fixation should be rapidly accomplished and be reasonably
      stable. Techniques are described. Following bony fixation, repair of flexor
      tendons and then nerves is carried out. Vessel repair using vein grafts to make
      up defects is then accomplished followed by loose skin closure.

PMID- 688706
TI  - Method of bone fixation in reattachment of amputations in the upper extremities.
AB  - The object of secure bone fixation in the reattachment of amputated fingers is
      early motion. The use of specially designed screws and Kirschner wires is
      essential for this objective. This becomes even more important in the
      reattachment of fingers than the upper arm or forearm. If there should be non
      union of the bone, an autologous bone graft should be applied as a secondary
      procedure.

PMID- 688707
TI  - Stabilization of bone in replantation surgery of the upper limb.
AB  - The principles of sound osteosynthesis of the skeleton of the hand are the same
      as in internal fixation of other bones. Small implants and instruments are
      essential. In replantation surgery healing of microvascular anastomoses and nerve
      sutures as well as repaired tendons is possible when the skeleton is stabilized.
      Only the minimum metal should be implanted to avoid interference with joint and
      tendon function. A small implant can provide an adequate stability, when it is
      applied correctly. Replantation should be performed only by surgeons with
      extensive experience in the field.

PMID- 688708
TI  - Replantation of digits and hands: analysis of surgical techniques and functional
      results in 71 patients with 86 replantations.

PMID- 688709
TI  - Microvascular repair in replantation.

PMID- 688710
TI  - Replantation and revascularization of amputated parts of extremities: a three
      year report from the Viennese replantation team.
AB  - A Replantation Team was instituted in Vienna 3 years ago. This team is the oldest
      in Europe. One hundred and eighty-one complete and incomplete amputated parts of
      118 patients were replanted during this period. A survival rate of 86% and a
      useful functional result ("integrated parts") in 78% of the cases was obtained.
      Appropriate preparation of the amputated parts, the right timing, a 24 hour
      service and a clear indication with intensive postoperative physicotherapeutical
      treatment are the fundamental points for this result.

PMID- 688711
TI  - Transverse bayonet dislocation of the proximal interphalangeal joint.
AB  - Complete dislocation of the proximal interphalangeal joint with complete rupture
      of both the collateral ligaments and volar plate was seen in 8 patients. We call
      this, "transverse bayonet dislocation of the proximal interphalangeal joint."
      When treated early, closed manipulation resulted in stable reduction. After a
      brief period of immobilization of 3 to 5 days with a dorsal aluminum splint,
      sustained active range of motion exercises were begun by strapping the injured
      finger to the adjacent finger obtaining good end results in all cases. An
      untreated dislocation of 5 weeks duration needed operative reduction. This was
      achieved with good result by release of all the retaining ligaments around the
      proximal interphalangeal joint including both the collateral ligaments, the volar
      plate, the transverse retinacular ligaments, and extensor tenolysis.

PMID- 688712
TI  - Traumatic arteriovenous fistula of the popliteal artery associated with a closed
      subtrochanteric fracture: report of a case.
AB  - Major vascular injuries associated with closed fractures of the femur are rare. A
      35-year-old man incurred a subtrochanteric fracture associated with an arterial
      injury distally. The femoral fracture type most likely to be associated with a
      major vascular injury is one near the junction of the middle and distal thirds of
      the bone. The mechanism involves tethering of the artery in the adductor hiatus.
      The location of the arterial injury is usually at the fracture site.

PMID- 688713
TI  - Epiphysiolysis as a method of limb lengthening.
AB  - Epiphysiolysis followed by distraction was performed at the proximal tibial
      growth plates in 18 young rabbits. Union across the distracted plate occurred in
      all animals. In 12 rabbits skeletally immature at operation, premature fusion of
      the separated plate resulted in growth arrest of the operated limb. The
      contralateral control limb was longer at maturity by an average 1.10 cm. In 6
      rabbits near skeletal maturity at epiphysiolysis, the operated limb was the
      longer at maturity by the amount distracted, an average of 0.62 cm. In all
      animals a permanent loss of joint motion resulted. Epiphyseal distraction in the
      very young rabbit does not appear to be practical due to consistent premature
      fusion of the distracted growth plate. It is possible to lengthen the limbs of
      rabbits near skeletal maturity with this procedure. An added advantage is that
      union between the epiphysis and the metaphysis always occurred, eliminated the
      problem of delayed ana non union found in diaphyseal lengthening. However, at
      this time, until the effects of distraction and compression on the adjacent joint
      can be minimized, epiphysiolysis as a method of limb lengthening is not
      recommended in children.

PMID- 688714
TI  - Ultrastructure of chondrogenetic interactions between bone matrix gelatin and
      mesenchymal cells.
AB  - The ultrastructure of post fetal chondrogenesis was investigated in
      chondrogenetic implants and explants of bone matrix gelatin: (A) in direct
      contact with living cells; (B) separated from living cells by cellulose acetate
      membranes; (C) in serum or in a culture medium with no contact with living cells.
      Ruthenium red (RR) staining coarse granules free of interconnecting filaments
      aggregated in interstitial fluid and inside the surface of the bone matrix
      gelatin within 72 hours in systems with either direct or indirect contact with
      living connective tissue cells. No RR granules formed when control denatured or
      autolysed bone matrix gelatin were substituted for undenatured bone matrix
      gelatin. No RR granules formed in bone matrix gelatin incubated in serums or
      media in the absence of living cells in the system. These observations suggest
      the possibility that 4 days before overt transmembrane cartilage cell
      differentiation, covert (presumptive) chondroblasts synthesize and secrete
      precursor substance for aggregation of filament-free RR granules. The
      relationship between chondromorphogenesis and filament-free RR granules requires
      further investigation.

PMID- 688715
TI  - Digital replantation: clinical experiences.
AB  - In a series of 130 digital replantations successful revascularization has been
      obtained in 74% of cases. Arterial thrombosis is the most common cause (65%) of
      all failures. A useful digit can be obtained following replantation and the
      surgery is particularly indicated for amputated thumbs and in hands suffering
      multiple injuries. Precautionary measures against bleeding are absolutely
      essential. Primary tendon and nerve repairs are advocated. Vascular occlusion may
      be corrected by revisional surgery and secondary surgery can improve tendon nerve
      or joint function.

PMID- 688716
TI  - Replantation of digits.
AB  - Replanted digital survivals range between 85% to over 90% at established
      microsurgery centers around the world. The time has come that all surgeons
      engaged in this activity must utilize the basic principles of reconstructive hand
      surgery in order to achieve the maximum functional return of the replanted parts.
      The vascular repair is only one step in the road toward functional restoration of
      the replanted part.

PMID- 688717
TI  - Nerve grafting.
AB  - By avoiding tension and securing anatomical neurorrhaphy, regeneration of nerve
      is obtainable. When the gap exceeds a certain limit, the only way to avoid
      tension is the use of grafts. Experience in animal experiments and clinical
      practice has demonstrated that regenerating axons can cross 2 optimal suture
      lines much more easily than one sub-standard one. For bridging a gap autografts
      are used, because in autografts the fascicular pattern is preserved and its Swann
      cells survive. With the interfascicular technique the dissection of the nerve
      stumps proceeds from normal to abnormal tissues and the epineurium is resected.
      The coaptation must be exact so that the grafts cover the whole cross sectional
      area of the fascicle. All this can be achieved by the use of one 10--0 or 11--0
      nylon suture. The clinical results show that in the median nerve 82%, in the
      ulnar 80% and in the radial nerve 92% of good functional results can be obtained.
      Also in brachial plexus injuries the interfascicular nerve grafting procedure
      opened new ways. Therefore interfascicular nerve grafting, using autografts in
      cases of nerve repair, where a gap may occur, currently is the method of choice.

PMID- 688718
TI  - Nerve grafting with simultaneous microvascular reconstruction.
AB  - A new method of nerve grafting is described that introduces the one stage distant
      transfer of a living nerve graft by microvascular techniques. The development of
      this operation is outlined and the first clinical application of this technique
      is presented together with the preliminary reports of 2 new cases. The blood
      supply of peripheral nerves is examined, and consequently a neurovascular bundle
      is defined as the best graft for free transfer. Donor sites are suggested for
      both normal and unusual circumstances, and a sequence of preoperative
      investigations and intraoperative precautionary steps is recommended, which can
      also be used as a basis for microvascular free transfer of other tissues. This
      technique of nerve grafting is designed primarily to ensure viability of the
      nerve graft. Because the procedure is exacting and time consuming, it is
      recommended only when conventional techniques carry high risk of graft necrosis,
      situations in which the nerve gap is large, the recipient bed is scarred, or the
      free transfer of a thick nerve is desired. There are disadvantages as well as
      advantages of the free vascularized nerve grafts. Important new developments in
      the field may depend upon advances in immunology.

PMID- 688719
TI  - Surgical treatment of traction injuries of the brachial plexus.
AB  - A series of 508 patients with traction injuries of the brachial plexus (birth
      trauma excluded) has been investigated over a period of 11 years. Severe cases
      with root avulsions, ruptures of nervous pathways or severe disorganization of
      funiculi do not heal spontaneously or heal poorly. Whether these patients can
      benefit from modern microsurgical techniques (neurolyses, autologous nerve grafts
      and neurotizations with intercostal or other nerves) is presently under
      investigation. Operations were performed on 164 patients of whom 114 had root
      avulsions and 16 had 2 level injuries. Surgical treatment was planned according
      to the severity of the lesion. In about 10% no reconstruction was possible, or
      was of doubtful value. There is a striking difference in results of
      supraclavicular and distal, infraclavicular lesions. Only 55% positive of 58
      patients of the first group were improved while 85% of 20 patients of the second
      group were benefited to some extent. None of the patients belonging to the first
      or second group recovered hand intrinsic function if pathways coming from C8 and
      T1 were injures. None recovered tactile gnosis. The effect on pain was sometimes
      ameliorative, but generally unpredictable.

PMID- 688720
TI  - Effect of procainamide on induced ventricular tachycardia.
AB  - Ventricular extrastimulation was performed in 11 patients evaluated for chronic
      recurrent ventricular tachycardia, before and after a 1-gm procainamide infusion.
      Extrastimulation caused only nonsustained extra beats (less than 4) in 3
      patients. Sustained tachycardia was induced in 7 patients in the basal state, of
      which 6 continued to have inducible tachycardia after procainamide was given (5.2
      to 9.8 mg/L). The zone of coupling intervals that initiated tachycardia was
      unchanged or widened in these 6 patients because ventricular refractoriness was
      unchanged or because the tachycardia zone shifted to later diastole by an
      interval at least equivalent to the prolongation of ventricular refractoriness.
      Post-procainamide tachycardia cycle length was prolonged in all patients, by an
      average 51 msec. The one patient who responded to procainamide had a shortened
      ventricular refractory period, but the greatest slowing of tachycardia. Finally,
      sustained ventricular tachycardia could be induced in the eleventh patient only
      following procainamide administration, consistent with his clinical history.
      These results suggest that procainamide often may be ineffective in preventing
      sustained ventricular tachycardia, and that slowed conduction, rather than
      prolonged refractoriness, is the basis for the procainamide antiarrhythmic
      effect. Our data emphasize that antiarrhythmic drug effectiveness be evaluated in
      terms of effect on sustained arrhythmia rather than suppression of isolated
      ectopic beats.

PMID- 688721
TI  - Racial differences in drug metabolizing ability: a study with antipyrine in the
      Sudan.
AB  - The kinetic disposition of antipyrine following oral administration of 1,200 mg
      has been investigated in 11 normal Sudanese subjects living in Sudan, 9 Sudanese
      subjects living in England for at least 2 yr, and 19 normal English subjects
      living in England. Sudanese subjects living in Sudan had significantly lower mean
      antipyrine clearance and higher volume of distribution than the English group (
      28% and +30%, respectively). There was no significant difference for antipyrine
      clearance between English and Sudanese subjects living in England, but the volume
      of distribution of antipyrine was higher (16%) in the Sudanese subjects. The mean
      half-lives of the three groups differed significantly. We conclude that
      differences in disposition of antipyrine between native English and Sudanese
      populations was predominantly due to environmental factors.

PMID- 688722
TI  - Formation of a thiomethyl metabolite of phenacetin and acetaminophen in dogs and
      man.
AB  - Conjugates of 3-methylthio-4-hydroxyactanilide were found in the urine of dogs
      and humans treated with phenacetin (4-ethoxyacetanilide) or acetaminophen (4
      hydroxyacetanilide). About 1% to 3% of the administered dose was excreted as this
      thiomethyl metabolite after administration of phenacetin or acetaminophen to
      dogs. An average of 0.39% of the dose was excreted in the urine as 3-methylthio-4
      hydroxyacetanilide conjugates after administration of phenacetin to several
      subjects, and an average of 0.66% of the dose was excreted as this metabolite in
      the urine after administration of acetaminophen to humans. The possibility that
      the thiomethyl metabolite is derived from a mercapturic acid conjugate or an N
      hydroxy derivative of phenacetin or acetaminophen is discussed.

PMID- 688723
TI  - Effects of folic acid on phenytoin kinetics in healthy subjects.
AB  - Phenytoin (DPH) disposition was studied in normal subjects before and after
      treatment with folic acid for 14 days. Our results suggest that folic acid lowers
      (DPH) serum levels without significantly modifying its bound fraction and
      increases the rate of DPH and meta-hydroxydiphenylhydantoin excretion in urine.

PMID- 688724
TI  - The interaction between indomethacin and probenecid. A clinical and
      pharmacokinetic study.
AB  - The interaction between indomethacin and probenecid has been studied in 17
      patients with rheumatoid arthritis with the use of a specific gas-liquid
      chromatographic method for the assay of indomethacin in plasma and urine.
      Probenecid in a dose of 0.5 gm twice daily improved the therapeutic response to
      indomethacin administered in a dose of 25 mg 3 times daily for a 3-wk period.
      There was an increase in the mean AUC of indomethacin in plasma from 2,553 +/-
      213 hr ng/ml to 4,181 +/- 384 hr ng/ml when probenecid was given, but there was
      no change in the plasma half-life of indomethacin. There was a reduction in the
      mean plasma clearance of indomethacin from 174 +/- 21 ml/kg/hr to 107 +/- 14
      ml/kg/hr when probenecid was added to the indomethacin therapy and a decrease in
      the apparent volume of distribution from 0,927 +/- 0.16 L/kg to 0.613 +/- 0.13
      L/kg. There was no change in the amount of free indomethacin excreted in the
      urine during probenecid therapy but there was a reduction in the urinary
      excretion of free plus glucuronide conjugate of indomethacin from 8,967 +/- 867
      microgram/day to 4,760 +/- 674 microgram/day, with a fall in the mean renal
      clearance of indomethacin glucuronide from 271 +/- 48 ml/min to 126 +/- 57.0
      ml/min. The changes in the plasma indomethacin concentration profile during
      probenecid therapy are due to a decrease in the nonrenal clearance of
      indomethacin possibly because of reduced biliary clearance.

PMID- 688725
TI  - Time-course of interaction between carbamazepine and clonazepam in normal man.
AB  - The applicability of a pharmacokinetic model for drug interactions by enzyme
      induction was tested by chronic dosing situation using carbamazepine (Tegretol)
      as the inducer and clonazepam (Clonopin) as the drug affected. Seven healthy
      subjects received one 1.0 mg clonazepam tablet once a day for 29 days and one 200
      mg carbamazepine tablet once a day from days 8 to 29. Plasma levels of clonazepam
      were measured by electron-capture gas-liquid chromatography and those of
      carbamazepine and its epoxide metabolite by gas chromatographic-chemical
      ionization-mass spectrometry. Clonazepam plasma levels reached an initial steady
      state by day 7 and declined to a lower steady-state over 5 to 15 days after
      additions of carbamazepine. The decrease in clonazepam levels ranged between 19%
      and 37%. Autoinduction of carbamazepine metabolism was also evident. Urinary
      excretion of D-glucaric acid increased 2- to 4-fold following carbamazepine
      administration (p less than 0.005). This increase provided additional evidence
      that the present interaction was due to enzyme induction. Experimental clonazepam
      levels were fitted to an induction pharmacokinetic model for multiple dosing with
      an exponentially increasing clearance. Induced half-lives of clonazepam (mean =
      22.5 +/- 11.5 hr) were shorter (p less than 0.005) than control values (32.1 +/-
      16.6 hr). Apparent enzyme(s) turnover half-lives ranged between 1 and 6 days.

PMID- 688726
TI  - Flucytosine kinetics in subjects with normal and impaired renal function.

PMID- 688727
TI  - Prediction of in vivo red cell/plasma Li+ ratios by in vitro methods.
AB  - Two incubation procedures were used for the determination, in vitro, of the
      steady-state Li+ ratio between red cells and external media. The Li+ ratio in
      vitro determined prior to Li+ therapy correlates significantly with the
      subsequent ratio in vivo between red cells and plasma in patients treated with
      Li+. The Li+ ratio determined in vitro in patients during Li+ therapy was
      significantly higher than the value determined during the pretreatment, drug-free
      period that correlated significantly with Li+ ratios in vivo. The in vitro
      procedure used thus could be applied in the prediction of the in vivo Li+ ratio,
      and possibly of the response to Li+, in patients before treatment is begun. It
      also could be used for studies on abnormalities and on the genetics of Li+
      transport in affective illness.

PMID- 688728
TI  - Mechanisms of hypolipidemic action of nicotinic acid.

PMID- 688729
TI  - The thorny path of clinical pharmacology.

PMID- 688730
TI  - Adjustment of smokers to dilution of tobacco smoke by ventilated cigarette
      holders.
AB  - This study was designed to examine the extent to which smokers would compensate
      for the dilution of smoke produced by ventilated cigarette holders. Peak plasma
      nicotine and carboxyhemoglobin levels were measured in 18 smokers when they had
      been smoking normally and when they had been using holders which dilute the smoke
      by about 20% (holder 1) and 60% (holder 2) for periods of 2 days and 7 days.
      Comparison of the observed blood levels with the "expected" levels estimated from
      the dilution factors of the holders showed that subjects partially compensated on
      holder 2 but showed little or no compensation on holder 1. There were no changes
      in the number of cigarettes smoked when using the holders so any compensation
      achieved must have been due to increasing the intake from each cigarette. There
      was wide individual variation in the amount of compensation with about 50% of
      subjects compensating fairly consistently on both holders. Degree of compensation
      was not significantly associated with usual cigarette consumption, plasma
      nicotine and carboxyhemoglobin levels when smoking without a holder, the nicotine
      yields of the subjects' cigarettes, or the experience of withdrawal symptoms and
      the degree of satisfaction when using the holders. It cannot be determined from
      this study whether the compensation observed was mediated by a need to regulate
      the intake of nicotine rather than some other factor.

PMID- 688731
TI  - Enhanced biotransformation of theophylline in marihuana and tobacco smokers.
AB  - Single oral doses of theophylline were administered to 7 chronic marihuana
      smokers, to 7 chronic users of both marihuana and tobacco, and to 43 appropriate
      control subjects. Theophylline was cleared from the blood more rapidly in both
      marihuana and tobacco smokers with a mean increase in total clearance from 52
      ml/kg/hr in nonsmokers to 74 ml/kg/hr in subjects who smoked either material
      alone. There was an additive increase in clearance to 93 ml/kg/hr in those who
      smoked both substances. Concern over enhanced metabolism of other drugs is
      probably warranted in tobacco and cannabis smokers.

PMID- 688732
TI  - Kinetics of acetaminophen absorption and gastric emptying in man.
AB  - Eight healthy male volunteers ingested an aqueous solution containing
      acetaminophen (20 mg/kg) and a nonabsorbable isotopic marker. The concentrations
      of unconjugated acetaminophen in samples of blood plasma taken at frequent
      intervals were measured by gas-liquid chromatography. The data points followed a
      smooth curve in most cases and were fitted to the classical two-compartment
      pharmacokinetic model to obtain KA, the apparent first-order rate constant for
      absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. Gastric emptying was measured
      simultaneously from serial scintiscans of the subject's abdomen. The subjects
      were also studied after intramuscular injection of meperidine (150 mg) and
      pentazocine (60 mg) with and without naloxone (1.2 mg). The acetaminophen
      absorption curves and gastric emptying patterns were consistent with negligible
      absorption from the stomach. A new model is proposed in which the conventional
      single compartment used to represent the gastrointestinal tract is replaced by
      two compartments: one represents the stomach and the other the small intestine,
      from which absorption occurs rapidly. Pharmacokinetic analysis using this model
      showed good agreement in all cases, and provided an estimate of KA, the first
      order rate constant for drug transfer from the intestinal lumen into the systemic
      circulation. The mean half-time for transfer was 6.8 +/- 0.9 min. As expected, KA
      was greater than KG (the first-order rate constant for gastric emptying), showing
      that gastric emptying was rate-limiting in the absorption of acetaminophen. The
      value of KA was greater than KA and the two were not related. The value of KA was
      not equal to KG in most studies because gastric emptying was not a single
      exponential process.

PMID- 688733
TI  - Clofibrate kinetics after single and multiple doses.
AB  - The kinetics of chlorphenoxyisobutyric acid (CPIB) were studied in 5 healthy
      subjects after single 500-mg, 1,000-mg, and 2,000-mg doses of clofibrate, and in
      steady-state after 8 days' treatment with 1,000 mg twice daily. Maximum plasma
      concentrations of CPIB were observed 4 to 6 hr after dosing. A mean plasma half
      life of 16.7 hr was recorded which was independent of dose and duration of
      treatment. Total plasma clearance (-Cl) calculated from area under the curve with
      the use of the total plasma concentration was 5.6 ml/min for the 500-and the
      1,000-mg doses but increased to 6.8 ml/min for the 2,000-mg dose and was even
      higher (8.1 ml/min) in steady-state. This change in -Cl is a consequence of
      progressive reduction in the plasma protein binding of clofibrate at plasma
      concentrations above 50 microgram/ml, since -Cl rises in association with reduced
      protein binding at the high plasma concentrations measured after the 2,000-mg
      single dose and in steady-state. -Cl and apparent volume of distribution were
      identical for all doses tested when calculations were based on the nonprotein
      bound CPIB concentrations only. Due to the inconsistant protein binding of CPIB,
      total steady-state concentrations could not be predicted from the single dose
      kinetic data.

PMID- 688734
TI  - Kinetics of norethindrone in women. II. Single-dose kinetics.

PMID- 688735
TI  - Digoxin concentration in choroid plexus, brain, and myocardium in old age.
AB  - Thirteen aged persons receiving digoxin until the time of death were examined by
      autopsy, and digoxin concentrations were determined in samples from various
      tissues (the choroid plexus, grey and white brain matter, left and right
      ventricular and left and atrial myocardium, diaphragm, and musculus psoas major).
      These concentrations were related to the digoxin dose and duration of treatment.
      No significant difference was found between the concentration of digoxin in the
      choroid plexus and left ventricular myocardium, whereas there were significantly
      lower concentrations in the right ventricular myocardium and still lower
      concentrations in the other tissues analyzed. Independent of the digoxin dose,
      the digoxin concentrations in the choroid plexus tended to be lower in persons
      treated for a short time before death than in those treated for longer periods of
      time. Similar differences were not observed in the other tissues, suggesting a
      slower rate of digoxin uptake in the chroid plexus compared with the myocardium
      and other tissues. The implications of these findings for the effects of digoxin
      treatment on the production of cerebrospinal fluid are discussed.

PMID- 688736
TI  - Gynecomastia induced in normal males by spironolactone.

PMID- 688737
TI  - Alterations in state in apneic pre-term infants receiving theophylline.
AB  - The present study is a report on 9 premature infants treated with aminophylline
      for relief of apnea. With serum theophylline levels of 2 to 10 microgram/ml, all
      infants experienced significant decrease of apneic episodes in association with
      increased wakefulness and increased amounts of active (REM) sleep. These effects
      may occur independently, but it is possible that the alteration of sleep states
      may be partially responsible for the decrease in apneic episodes in these
      infants.

PMID- 688738
TI  - Clinical biostatistics. XLV. The purposes and functions of criteria.

PMID- 688739
TI  - Adenocarcinoma of the prostate.

PMID- 688740
TI  - Female urinary incontinence.

PMID- 688742
TI  - Treatment of sexual dysfunction.

PMID- 688741
TI  - Functional and dysfunctional uterine bleeding.
AB  - The patient who comes to the physician with abnormal bleeding represents an
      enormous responsibility. The various causative factors represent defects in
      numerous physiologic systems. The diagnosis of DUB still requires further
      investigation of the hormonal imbalance. Only when specific causes are known can
      the treatment be tailored to the particular patient. Recent scientific advances
      regarding possible cellular mechanisms for DUB make it mandatory that the primary
      physician be aware of available tests that may indicate the relative
      appropriateness of and prognosis for a particular therapy. The treatment is
      substitutional. If progesterone is missing, therefore,the treatment should
      replace it. Progesterone may be obtained endogenously by ovulation induction or
      exogenously by oral or parenteral progestogens.

PMID- 688743
TI  - Renal disease and disorders of calcium metabolism.

PMID- 688744
TI  - Genitourinary disorders.

PMID- 688745
TI  - The physiologic approach to acute renal dysfunction.

PMID- 688746
TI  - Radiographic evaluation of renal masses.
AB  - Radiologic evaluation of a renal mass involves two phases. Initial detection of
      the mass depends on high-quality excretory urography. Once detected, a number of
      diagnostic modalities are available to further evaluate the mass. The studies
      needed for any given mass can be kept limited, and, with careful use of the
      scheme presented, a diagnosis can be made with minimal invasiveness and expense.

PMID- 688747
TI  - Post-iconic visual storage: chunking in the reproduction of briefly displayed
      visual patterns.

PMID- 688748
TI  - Measuring the visual angle of the mind's eye.

PMID- 688749
TI  - Mental retardation and related disorders.

PMID- 688750
TI  - Ethynylestradiol and norethindrone metabolism by everted sacs of rat ileum.

PMID- 688752
TI  - Do women know which IUD they are wearing?

PMID- 688751
TI  - A comparative controlled trial in rural Thailand of three intrauterine devices.

PMID- 688753
TI  - Effect of Cu2+ ions on the binding of estrogen to the human myometrial estrogen
      binding protein.

PMID- 688754
TI  - Contraceptive effects of native plants in rats.

PMID- 688755
TI  - Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies of procainamide given intermittently
      intravenously in patients with severe ventricular arrhytmias.
AB  - In 15 patients with coronary heart disease and ventricular arrhythmias 100 mg of
      procainamide was given intravenously every 5 min until arrhythmia was abolished,
      or the patient received 1000 mg of the drug, or side-effects appeared. Then
      patients were placed on oral maintenance therapy 3 or 4 g daily according to
      their weight. In 13 out of 15 patients arrhythmia was completely suppressed after
      intravenous injections of the drug. Plasma procainamide concentrations, including
      N-acetylprocainamide levels in some patients, were monitored and a therapeutic
      range of 6.3--10.3 microgram/ml for intravenous therapy was found. ECG intervals
      changes, slowing of heart rate and decrease in systolic and diastolic blood
      pressure were seen but no serious side-effects were observed. The significance of
      monitoring plasma drug concentrations, including levels of N-acetylprocainamide
      during prolonged maintenance therapy, have been discussed.

PMID- 688756
TI  - Plasma volume in men with low-, normal- and high-renin essential hypertension.
AB  - Plasma volume [PV] and plasma renin activity [PRA] were measured in 51 men with
      untreated borderline and mild essential hypertension [I and II degree according
      to W.H.O. classification]. PV in low- and normal-renin hypertension was not
      significantly different from normal values. Groups of patients with low- and high
      renin hypertension differed significatly from each other not only br PRA after
      stimulation, but also by PRA at rest, PV and age.

PMID- 688757
TI  - The triglyceride fatty acid pattern in arterial wall, adipose tissue and serum of
      amputated diabetic subjects.
AB  - The triglyceride fatty acid pattern [TFAP] in arterial wall, adipose tissue and
      serum has been estimated in diabetic subjects by gas-liquid chromatography
      simultaneously. The samples were taken shortly before or during femoral
      amputation performed under halothane anaesthesia. In addition, in some probands
      the fatty acids of cholesterol esters of vascular walls have been obtained. The
      following differences in the TFAP of the tissues under study were discovered. In
      arterial wall compared to serum, lauric, myristic, myristoleic, palmitoleic,
      stearic, oleic and linolenic acid were increased; palmitic and linoleic acid were
      decreased, whereas eicosatrienoic, arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acid were at
      the same level. In arterial wall compared to adipose tissue, myristic, palmitic
      and nervonic acid were decreased; eicosatrienoic, arachidonic and
      eicosapentaenoic acid were increased. Most differences concern the TFAP of
      adipose tissue compared to serum: lauric, myristic, myristoleic, palmitoleic,
      oleic, linolenic, lignoceric and nervonic acid were elevated in the former;
      palmitic, linoleic, eicosatrienoic, arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acid were
      increased in the latter. In consideration of different content of fatty acids in
      the tissues studied the authors conclude that certain fatty acids have distinct
      metabolic positions such as depot fatty acids and precursors of prostaglandins.

PMID- 688758
TI  - Diagnostic significance of some accessory systems of electrocardiographic leads
      in early diagnosis of myocardial infarction on the basis of vector analysis.
AB  - With a view to facilitating early diagnosis of myocardial infarction, the
      diagnostic significance was studied of 12 standard electrocardiographic leads and
      of accessory leads according to Nehb, Gurevich, and Slapak-Partilla. Attention
      was paid to the deflexion of the pathological vector from the positions of active
      electrodes in the above systems on the basis of vectorcardiographic findings.
      There were examined 300 patients with extensive myocardial infarction [84.7% of
      them already within 24 h after infarction] and 80 healthy control persons.
      Vectorcardiographic analysis showed that the Gurevich leads CKL, and the Slapak
      Partilla leads S2(-4), and partially also S1, reflected lesions in posterobasal,
      and the Nehb leads, in lateral and posterolateral segments of left ventricular
      myocardium. Application of Gurevich leads and of Slapak-Partilla leads in
      combination with standard leads makes possible the recognition of lesions in both
      basal and septal segments of the posterior wall. Extensive necroses of this type
      should be termed extensive infractions of left ventricular posterior wall.

PMID- 688759
TI  - Reaction types of regional redistribution of blood.
AB  - Changes are described in relative contents of blood in tissues and organs, usable
      for evaluation of regional redistribution of blood caused by various factors
      influencing the organism. Despite specific characters of such changes, several
      basic types were identified which may represent several phases of a general
      nonspecfic reation, whose character varies in dependence on the actual degree of
      stimulation or lesion. In the first phase the relative contents of blood increase
      in the brain, heart, lungs, and in the muscle and bone tissues of the head, neck
      , and thorax. The second phase is characterized by increased blood content in the
      liver. In the third phase blood is mobilized from the liver and redistributed
      into tissues exposed to functional loads, with marked anaemization of the liver.
      In the fourth phase the regional redistribution becomes pathological. Experiments
      were made in male albino rats exposed to various stresses [blood loss,
      confinement in a tight box, treadmill running, various types of general
      anaesthesia, and others].

PMID- 688760
TI  - Monoclonal xenogeneic antibodies to mouse leukocyte antigens: identification of
      macrophage-specific and other differentiation antigens.

PMID- 688761
TI  - Monoclonal antibody detecting a stage-specific embryonic antigen (SSEA-1) on
      preimplantation mouse embryos and teratocarcinoma cells.

PMID- 688762
TI  - Monoclonal antibodies to human lymphocyte membrane antigens.

PMID- 688763
TI  - Hybrid plasmacytoma production: fusions with adult spleen cells, monoclonal
      spleen fragments, neonatal spleen cells and human spleen cells.

PMID- 688764
TI  - Hair grooming aids.

PMID- 688765
TI  - Medical education.

PMID- 688766
TI  - Diffuse hair loss in women.
AB  - In summary, the presenting signs of diffuse hair loss was thinning of the scalp
      hair with associated receding of frontal and temporal hairlines. The majority of
      patients experienced telogen efflivium between the ages of twenty and sixty
      years. The hair loss could be classified according to the multiple presumptive
      etiologic factors; hereditary, hormonal, or systemic disorders, drugs,
      nutritional deficits, neoplasms, physical and chemical trauma, and psychological
      disorders. Of the 129 women evaluated, 30 percent had concomitant systemic
      disorders or precipitating causes. This report stresses the importance of a full
      hiar loss evaluation and an attempt to identify the etiologic factors or disease
      states that may precipitate or exacerbate an existing condition such as
      androgenic alopecia. It is hoped that the outlines for the initial history and
      examination presented in this report will help to direct the physician's
      evaluation of hair loss problems in women.

PMID- 688768
TI  - Timing of sessions in hair transplantation.
AB  - The issue of timing between hair transplantation sessions is explored. An
      interval of three to four months between the second and third and third and
      fourth sessions of transplanting is recommended. This allows the physician to see
      the pattern of hair growth in all previously placed grafts and enables him to
      completely fill the spaces left between transplanted hairs rather than between
      graft edges. Unsightly gaps can be minimized and the need for "fillers" can be
      markedly reduced if this course is followed.

PMID- 688767
TI  - Treatment of "tinea pedis" with griseofulvin and topical antifungal cream.
AB  - A protocol for determining the antifungal efficacy of systemic or topical drugs
      in tinea pedis is presented. In this study, (1) no patient had concomitant
      onychomycosis; (2) the clinical types were separated into (a) plantar scaling,
      (b) intertriginous, and (c) vesicular instep; (3) the soles were treated for
      three months (time related to the shedding of all stratum corneum); (4) the
      follow-up period for soles was three months (related to characteristics of the
      drug and its depot effect on the target area, the horny layer); (5) the final
      evaluation related to the percentage of patients "clinically and mycologically
      cured" at the end of the follow-up period. With this protocol, ultramicrosize
      griseofulvin (Gris-PEG) alone, topical clotrimazole (Lotrimin) alone, and a
      combination of the two were tested in seventy-three patients with tinea pedis.
      The results were as follows: for plantar scaling type of tinea pedis, the
      combination was not better than griseofulvin alone; for intertriginous tinea
      pedis, the combination was definitely better than griseofulvin alone; and topical
      1 percent clotrimazole was much less effective than griseofulvin.

PMID- 688769
TI  - Basal cell carcinoma of the palm.

PMID- 688770
TI  - Congenital cerebral palsy.

PMID- 688771
TI  - Long-term prognosis after acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 688772
TI  - Prognostic factors in acute myocardial infarction occurring within the first five
      days of ECG-monitoring.

PMID- 688773
TI  - Scintigraphic investigation of the legs and lungs in suspected cases of deep vein
      thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.

PMID- 688774
TI  - Serum lipids, blood pressure, skinfolds, height, and weight in 580 Danish school
      children aged 8 to 17 years.

PMID- 688775
TI  - Relation of dysplasia and carcinoma of the uterine cervix to age at onset of
      sexual life and number of coital partners.

PMID- 688776
TI  - Sterilization of women through a minilaparotomy.

PMID- 688777
TI  - Screening for occupational cancer of the lung.

PMID- 688778
TI  - COPD, COLD, CAO, etc.: anachronistic acronyms.

PMID- 688779
TI  - Hemodynamic effects of smoking cigarettes of high and low nicotine content.
AB  - We studied the hemodynamic effects of smoking cigarettes with high and low
      contents of nicotine in young smokers free of coronary arterial disease. The
      smoking of one cigarette with a high content of nicotine produced a peak rise in
      cardiac output of 32 percent above baseline values, and the effect persisted for
      one hour. Smoking a cigarette with a low content of nicotine produced a peak rise
      of 13 percent above baseline values, with a duration of five minutes. The rise in
      cardiac output was almost entirely attributable to tachycardia, since stroke
      volume remained relatively constant. The smoking of a cigarette with high
      nicotine content also caused greater and more sustained elevation in systemic
      blood pressure than smoking a cigarette with low nicotine content. Thus, there
      was a responsiveness to the dose of nicotine in cigarettes smoked by young
      smokers free of coronary arterial disease.

PMID- 688780
TI  - Pulmonary function following the adult respiratory distress syndrome.
AB  - Fifteen patients (range of ages, 18 to 35 years) who survived an acute episole of
      the adult respiratory distress syndrome caused by mechanical or thermal injuries,
      sepsis, and shock were studied during 1 to 30 months after recovery. The patients
      had had no previous pulmonary diseases, and only two had been smokers. All of the
      patients were asymptomatic, and their chest x-ray films were normal on follow-up
      examination. Tests of pulmonary function revealed mild abnormalities which
      consisted of reduction of pulmonary volumes, decreased carbon monoxide diffusing
      capacity, and a mild increase of alveolar-arterial oxygen pressure gradients in
      the early stage ofter recovery. Improvement was noted after a few months, but
      eight patients still had mild reduction of pulmonary volume after one to two
      years. No correlation could be established between the severity of the adult
      respiratory distress syndrome, therapy with mechanically assisted ventilation,
      the duration of exposure to supplemental oxygen, the fractional concentration of
      oxygen in the inspired gas, and the degree of residual functional defect.

PMID- 688781
TI  - Immune complexes in sarcoidosis: a correlation with activity and duration of
      disease.
AB  - Samples of serum from patients with sarcoidosis were examined for the presence of
      immune complexes, using the Raji cell line. An indirect immunofluorescent
      technique was used to detect the binding of immune complexes to the complement
      receptors of Raji cells. Preliminary studies indicated that the method was
      sensitive and specific. We studied 44 patients with sarcoidosis who were
      separable into the following three distinct clinical groups: (1) acute disease
      (one year or less); (2) chronic active disease (five years or more); and (3)
      resolved disease (five years or more). In the 26 patients with acute disease, 12
      had circulating immune complexes; immune complexes were present in two of the ten
      patients with chronic active disease. In contrast, immune complexes were absent
      in patients with resolved disease and normal control subjects. In patients with
      active disease, there was no apparent correlation between the presence of immune
      complexes and the stage of disease; however, immune complexes were present in
      five of the 11 patients with extrapulmonary disease, in seven of 12 patients with
      elevated concentrations of gamma-globulin, and in four of five of those patients
      with autoantibodies to lymphocytes.

PMID- 688782
TI  - Cardiac response during uninterrupted treadmill exercise and recovery:
      measurement by systolic time intervals.
AB  - In 12 normal subjects, use of ear densitography permitted measurement of systolic
      time intervals (STI) during uninterrupted treadmill exercise to over 90 percent
      maximal heart rate on a modified Bruce protocol. Results for control (sitting
      leads to standing) leads to end-exercise at 18 minutes leads to 10 minutes'
      sitting recovery were--heart rate (HR): (77 leads to 861 leads to 171 leads to 98
      beats per minute; preejection period (PEP): (106 leads to 111) leads to 49 leads
      to 110 msec; ejection time index (ETI) (351 leads to 330) leads to 380 leads to
      366 msec; PEP/LVET (0.42 leads to 0.49) leads to 0.29 leads to 0.45. Heart rate
      increased steadily to 18 minutes. In contrast, the PEP/LVET decrease was almost
      complete by three minutes and both ETI and PEP responses were bimodal with
      respective plateaus between three and six minutes and three and nine minutes. All
      STI and HR curves showed rapid restitution during early recovery. The changes
      during treadmill exercise were numerically comparable to those during bicycle
      exercise at a common heart rate. The results indicate that it is technically
      feasible to measure systolic time intervals with precision during uninterrupted
      treadmill exercise; responses to treadmill exercise were in the direction
      expected and quantitatively comparable to bicycle exercise at comparable stress
      level. These obervations provide the technical and physiologic bases for applying
      this method in clinical treadmill exercise testing.

PMID- 688783
TI  - The diagnosis of sarcoidosis by conjunctival biopsy.
AB  - A prospective study of 21 patients with presumed sarcoidosis was performed to
      determine the value of conjunctival biopsy in diagnosing the disease.
      Conjunctival lesions were seen in 15 patients on slit-lamp examination, with
      eight of these showing noncaseating granulomas on biopsy. The abnormalities were
      seen by the unaided eye in only two cases. All eight biopsies showing
      noncaseating granulomas occured in the 14 black patients. No clinical,
      biochemical, or radiographic characteristics identified those patients who would
      prove to have a biopsy showing such granulomas. This simple, frequently
      productive procedure may be helpful in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis.

PMID- 688784
TI  - His bundle recordings in atrioventricular nodal alternating Wenchebach periods
      ending in 5:1 atrioventricular block coexisting with paroxysmal atrioventricular
      nodal block.
AB  - Atrioventricular nodal alternating Wenckebach periods ending in 5:1
      atrioventricular block occurring during rapid atrial rhythms were explained by
      postulating the presence of block in three levels of the atrioventricular node.
      This pattern of conduction occurred in ten of 11 patients who either had received
      ouabain or verapamil (nine patients) or who had organic atrioventricular nodal
      disease (two patients). In contrast, this pattern of conduction occurred in only
      one of eight nonmedicated patients without organic atrioventricular nodal
      disease. The frequent association of this pattern with paroxysmal, tachycardia
      dependent atrioventtricular nodal block suggested a similar, but not necessarily
      identical, mechanism. In conclusion, atrioventricular nodal alternating
      Wenckebach periods ending in 5:1 atrioventricular block, as well as paroxysmal
      atrioventricular nodal block, were only rarely the result of rapid atrial rates
      per se their occurrence indicating organic or pharmacologic effects on the
      atrioventricular node. Since both can be produced by carotid sinus pressure,
      further studies appear to be necessary to determine the role that vagal effects
      can have in their genesis.

PMID- 688785
TI  - Hemodynamic effects of long and multiple coronary arterial narrowings.
AB  - The coronary hemodynamic influence of a series of coronary arterial narrowings
      was compared with single narrowings of the same total length and reduction in
      diameter in 12 dogs. Compared with single narrowings, two or three sequential
      narrowings had no significant effect on restng coronary blood flow. Small but
      significant mean pressure gradients were found for series of two and three 1-mm
      narrowings but not for single narrowings of the same total length. During
      reactive hyperemia, repayment of the debt in flow decreased significantly for
      single 2-mm and 3-mm narrowings, compared with 1-mm single narrowings. An
      additional decrease in repayment of the debt in flow occurred for two and three
      separate narrowings, compared with single narrowings. Our findings imply that
      when the reduction in the diameter of the coronary artery is fixed, an increase
      in the length or number of narrowings in series reduces the responses of coronary
      blood flow during reactive hyperemia.

PMID- 688786
TI  - Left ventricular function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
AB  - The presence or absence of left ventricular dysfunction in chronic obstructive
      pulmonary disease has been debated for decades. I have reviewed the following
      evidence pertaining to this topic: (1) left ventricular pathologic abnormalities;
      (2) the methods used to determine left ventricular performance; (3) specific
      abnormalities of left ventricular function as revealed by systolic time
      intervals, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, ejection fraction, isovolumic
      indices, and left ventricular function curves; and (4) pertinent experimental
      data. The bulk of the evidence indicates that the clinical symtoms of left-sided
      failure are unreliable in those with obstructive disease of the airways and that
      the great majority of patients have normal left ventricular function, once other
      causes are excluded. A small group of patients have some abnormalities in left
      ventricular performance, but these have not been clinically significant. The
      ultimate importance of such abnormalities awaits future investigation.

PMID- 688787
TI  - Diffuse radiographic infiltrates in a neonate.

PMID- 688788
TI  - Management of ventricular septal defects in adults.

PMID- 688789
TI  - Office spirometry in clinical practice: Statement of the American College of
      Chest Physicians' Committee on Clinic and Office Pulmonary Function Testing.

PMID- 688790
TI  - Longterm favorable effect of oxygen administration on a patient with primary
      pulmonary hypertension.
AB  - A 17-year-old girl with primary pulmonary hypertension was treated with longterm
      administration of oxygen. Oxygen was delivered only at night for eight hours
      daily. Her clinical status has been improved for more than 17 months. Cardiac
      catheterization revealed almost 50 percent reduction of pulmonary vascular
      resistance. This is the first known report of successful treatment of primary
      pulmonary hypertension with oxygen administration.

PMID- 688791
TI  - Massive intrabronchial aspiration of contents of pulmonary abscess after
      fiberoptic bronchoscopy.
AB  - A patient with a putrid pulmonary abscess that did not resolve developed massive
      aspiration of the contents of the cavity following a fiberoptic bronchoscopic
      procedure. Precautions for before and after a bronchoscopic procedure are
      suggested to prevent this catastrophic complication in patients with pulmonary
      abscesses.

PMID- 688792
TI  - Progressive development of a left ventricular thrombus.
AB  - In a patient with ischemic heart disease and terminal left ventricular failure,
      echocardiographic techniques (single-crystal M-mode echocardiograms and
      bidimensional, linear, dynamically focussed multiscan recordings) allowed the
      detection and follow-up of a left ventricular thrombus, later documented at
      autopsy.

PMID- 688793
TI  - Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema following blood transfusion.
AB  - Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema and acute respiratory failure were found to
      develop after blood transfusion. Pulmonary antiographic studies and hemodynamic
      measurements were performed in the presence of pulmonary edema. Normal wedge
      pressure was observed at the time of angiographic studies, and contrast material
      appeared to extravasate across the alveolocapillary membrane into the alveoli.
      The mechanisms of acute injury to the alveolocapillary membranes and of pulmonary
      edema secondary to reactions to transfusion are discussed.

PMID- 688794
TI  - Aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva: cause of dynamic coronary constriction after
      aortic valvular replacement and bacterial endocarditis.
AB  - A patient who had endocarditis on a prosthetic aortic valve and who had undergone
      two aortic valvular replacements developed classic angina pectoris. Cardiac
      catheterization revealed an aneurysm of the left sinus of Valsalva, which
      constricted a proximal segment of the left circumflex coronary artery during
      systole. This type of dynamic coronary arterial narrowing has not been previously
      described secondary to an aneurysm of a sinus of Valsalva and may be responsible
      for this patient's manifestations of ischemia.

PMID- 688795
TI  - An electrophysiologic study of swallowing-induced tachycardia.
AB  - Electrophysiologic studies were performed on a 73-year-old man with swallowing
      induced supraventricular tachycardia, in order to define the characteristics of
      this unique dysrhythmia in this patient. Swallowing reliably provoked an
      automatic atrial focus type of atrial tachycardia, which usually changed into an
      atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia when a critical delay in
      atrioventricular nodal conduction (atrio-His interval greater than or equal to
      340 msec) was achieved. The atrioventricular nodal reentrant form of tachycardia
      did not occur spontaneously. The ease of induction and the duration of the
      episodes of supraventricular tachycardia were facilitated with the intravenous
      administration of atropine and ouabain and were decreased with administration of
      procainamide hydrochloride.

PMID- 688796
TI  - Cleft tongue and ulceration of hard palate: complications of oral intubation.
AB  - In a prospective study of the complications of endotracheal intubation and
      tracheotomy, we encountered an unusual complication of oral intubation. This
      report describes a 32-year-old man who sustained laceration and cleft of the
      tongue and ulceration of the hard palate as a result of the use of an oral airway
      in conjunction with oral intubation.

PMID- 688797
TI  - Chlorpromazine and dopamine in shock.

PMID- 688798
TI  - Endobronchial metastasis from cancer of the breast.

PMID- 688799
TI  - Endobronchial metastasis from cancer of the breast.

PMID- 688800
TI  - Eosinophilia caused by rifampin.

PMID- 688801
TI  - The management of sick sinus syndrome in children: the use of exercise tolerance
      testing and standardized Valsalva's test.

PMID- 688802
TI  - Method of determining aspiration in patients with tracheostomy.

PMID- 688803
TI  - Administrative issues in child and adult psychiatry training programs.
AB  - Child psychiatry training programs have encountered a number of administrative
      problems resulting from efforts to recognize, without isolating or submerging,
      the unique aspects of child psychiatry within existing departments of psychiatry.
      This paper questions the validity of the concept of general psychiatry, which may
      be responsible for many of these administrative dilemmas. The thesis is advanced
      that adult and child psychiatry actually represent distinct fields of practice,
      however, training programs for each should be integrated within departments of
      psychiatry through both adult and child divisional administrative lines.

PMID- 688804
TI  - Help-seeking mothers and their children.
AB  - Forty-three mothers sought help with management of childhood behaviors.
      Presenting complaints in half or more of the families included stubbornness,
      talking back to parents, disobedience and other traits indicative of parent-child
      interaction difficulties. Pretreatment behavioral observations revealed that
      mothers shared common characteristics of being low in positive warmth and high in
      negative and oppositional responses. The children were observed to share common
      traits of little independent play, frequent frustration, and either ignored their
      mothers or were verbally and physically oppositional. Behavioral counselling and
      monitored rehearsal served to reverse many of the behaviors. Almost all mothers
      reported reduction in problem behaviors. Mothers varied widely in attributing
      usefulness to different program components.

PMID- 688805
TI  - Shapes and sounds as self-objects in learning geography.
AB  - The pleasure which some children find in maps and map reading is manifold in
      origin. Children cathect patterns of configuration and color and derive joy from
      the visual mastery of these. This gratification is enhanced by the child's
      knowledge that the map represents something bigger than and external to itself.
      Likewise, some children take pleasure in the pronunciation of names themselves.
      The phonetic transcription of multisyllabic names is often a plearurable
      challenge. The vocalized name has its origin in the self, becomes barely external
      to self, and is self-monitored. Thus, in children both the configurations and the
      vocalizations associated with map reading have the properties of "self=objects"
      (Kohut, 1971). From the author's observation the delight which some children take
      in sounding out geographic names on a map may, in some instances, indicate pre
      existing gratifying sound associations. Childish amusement in punning on
      cognomens may be an even greater stimulant for learning than visual
      configurations or artificial cognitive devices.

PMID- 688806
TI  - A new approach to teaching normal human growth and development. The role of
      clinical simulations as a teaching and evaluation device for preclinical medical
      students.
AB  - A new approach to teaching Normal Growth and Development to preclinical medical
      students is described. By using specially constructed multidisciplinary clinical
      simulations as training and evaluation devices, students were gradually and
      simultaneously exposed to: (1) subject matter; (2) the concept of
      multidisciplinary health care delivery; and (3) the objectives, strategies, and
      techniques of problem solving and diagnostic reasoning that characterize
      experienced physicians. The course, designed by a child psychiatrist and medical
      educators, was taught by a multidisciplinary teaching team drawn from faculty and
      health care representatives. Student evaluations of the course were favorable.

PMID- 688807
TI  - Consistent caretakers in the premature nursery.
AB  - Consistent caretakers for premature neonates in the nursery become involved
      emotionally with them during their lengthy stay. This is apparent in the mourning
      reaction they have when the infants are discharged. This should augur well for
      the infants since the caretakers offer many modes of stimulation necessary to the
      infants' optimal development. If there is deficient caretakers' involvement, it
      may contribute to a lag in development or emotional difficulties in the infants.
      These data suggest that a positive involvement by consistent caretakers may be a
      decisive contribution to developmental progress in premature infants.

PMID- 688808
TI  - Cystic fibrosis: a family challenge.

PMID- 688809
TI  - Cued speech keeps deaf pupils ahead.

PMID- 688810
TI  - The uses and misuses of central registries in child protective services.
AB  - A national survey questions the effectiveness of computerized central registry
      systems, as now operated, in acheiving goals. The potential for abuse of
      individual civil rights indicates the need for further study.

PMID- 688811
TI  - What next in child abuse policy? Improving the knowledge base.
AB  - A serious lack of reliable data and adequate theory hampers effective service and
      decision making in the area of child abuse.

PMID- 688812
TI  - Some guidelines for the use of behavioral change techniques.
AB  - In using behavior modification methods, an approach employing gradual stages is
      suggested, beginning with the enhancement of positive behavior.

PMID- 688814
TI  - [An unusual case of giant cell tumor of a rib].

PMID- 688813
TI  - [Green's operation in treatment of elevated scapula].

PMID- 688815
TI  - [Another case of spinal fluid pseudocyst].

PMID- 688816
TI  - [Radial nerve paralysis caused by articular interposition in dislocation of the
      elbow].

PMID- 688817
TI  - [A case of severe dysplasia of the lower limbs].

PMID- 688818
TI  - [Use of harmonic oscillations in the study of bone properties].

PMID- 688819
TI  - [Surgical treatment in sequelae of obstetrical lesions of the shoulder].

PMID- 688820
TI  - [Intraneural lipoma of the terminal branches of the median nerve in the palm of
      the hand].

PMID- 688821
TI  - [Some aspects of the carpal tunnel syndrome].

PMID- 688822
TI  - [Mobilizing conservative treatment of tubercular gonitis in adults].

PMID- 688823
TI  - [Pathologic and anatomic principles of potentially cancerous and precancerous
      conditions of the stomach].

PMID- 688824
TI  - [Endoscopy diagnosis and therapy of potentially cancerous and precancerous
      conditions of the stomach].

PMID- 688825
TI  - [Selection of procedure and results of surgical treatment of potentially
      cancerous and precancerous conditions of the stomach].

PMID- 688826
TI  - [Computerized tomography and its significance in preoperative abdominal
      diagnosis].
AB  - Computerized tomography (CT) has considerably improved preoperative radiological
      diagnosis. Localization and extension of pathological findings are determined
      reliably with CT. Measurements of density in regions of interest enable a
      differential diagnosis. Moreover the questions about the advisability of surgery
      and the likehood of cure or palliation can be better answered by CT than by any
      other noninvasive procedure. With the use of CT in the abdominal region
      increasing indications for conventional radiological methods have decreased
      considerably. In this paper, some examples are given of CT diagnoses of the
      liver, the pancreas, the kidneys, and the retroperitoneal space. As the
      techniques involved are improved, computerized tomography is certain to replace
      conventional diagnosis methods.

PMID- 688827
TI  - [Results of enteral antibiotic preparation prior to colon surgery].
AB  - Of the 108 patients explored, all received four days preoperatively dietary and
      mechanical preparation and were given one of the two antibiotic combinations
      according to their date of birth (58 patients, group I--Neomycin-Bacitracin; 50
      patients, group II--Cephaloridin-Colistinsulfate). Bacteriologic studies of
      stools from the day before beginning of preparation, preoperatively and from the
      day of operation (intestinal mucous membrane of 70 patients) revealed that the
      fecal flora of the majority of the patients was abnormal. After antibiotic
      treatment the bacteriologic studies of stools showed a significant reduction of
      bacteria. In group II, full asepsis was reached in 42.4% of patients, in group I,
      in only 13.5%. The price of antibiotics and the preoperative intestinal bacteria
      should be used as criteria in choosing the preparation for colon operations.

PMID- 688828
TI  - [Height of rectum amputation. Management, complications, disease significance].
AB  - Management of the pelvic space after rectal excision is still problematic. Two
      methods have to be preferred: (1) closed suction lavage drainage and (2) open
      wound plugging; then the pelvic floor best remains unsutured. Plugging is always
      indicated in difficult pelveoperitoneal suture, unsatisfactory hemostasis and
      fecal contamination of the pelvic space. Retardation of wound healing is
      compensated for by more comfort for the patient and elimination of late
      complications, compared with those with partially closed or secondary opened
      wounds. The sacroperineal scar is the origin of a lot of complaints and
      morbidity. The most important are: infectious complications and persistent
      fistula (17.3%), pseudosinus perinealis (10%), perineal hernia and genital
      prolapses (16%), urologic complications (recidivating infections [26.9%], changes
      of the position of the urinary bladder [56%], secondary retroperitoneal fibrosis
      with urinary restriction [19.2%] or hydronephrosis [3.8%], disturbances of
      bladder emptying [36.5%], frequently combined with neurogenic lesions because of
      intraoperatively dissected autonomous pelvic nerves), local recurrence of
      carcinoma (17.3% in reexamination, but still much more important), and pain,
      often of unknown origin (34%).

PMID- 688829
TI  - [Parathyroid neoplasm associated with hyperparathyroidism].
AB  - Over a 25-year period, two carcinomas of the parathyroid were observed in 67
      cases of primary hyperparathyroidism. The most important signs and symptoms were
      bone disease, palpable neck metastases, renal stones, and hypercalceamia with
      high blood levels of parathyroid hormone. Histology revealed that in principle
      parathyroid carcinoma can be distinguished from adenoma by a trabecular pattern
      and thick fibrous bands. The presence of cellular atypia and variation or mitotic
      figures (regressive polymorphia) was not a useful criteria for carcinoma. Local
      recurrence occurred in both cases.

PMID- 688830
TI  - [Creation of a new thumb through microsurgical hallux or finger transplantation].

PMID- 688831
TI  - [Surgical technic for epicondylitis humeri radialis. Comparison of simple
      Hohmann's indentation versus denervation using Wilhelm's method].

PMID- 688832
TI  - [Bilateral spontaneous femoral neck fracture in severe pregnancy osteoporosis].

PMID- 688833
TI  - [Improved closed osteotomy using an attachable measuring device and oscillating
      sawing drive].

PMID- 688834
TI  - [The role of pathological anatomy in clinical oncology].

PMID- 688835
TI  - [Current status of adjuvant chemotherapy of solid malignant tumors].

PMID- 688836
TI  - [Transposition of the jejunum and selective proximal vagotomy following
      duodenopancreatectomy].
AB  - We report the use of a new surgical procedure following pancreaticoduodenectomy
      in nine patients with chronic relapsing pancreatitis and its complications. The
      modification of the Whipple reconstruction following resection of the head of the
      pancreas consists in selective proximal vagotomy, transposition of a jejunal loop
      for bile duct, and pancreatic anastomosis. The longest follow up period has been
      18 months. In agreement with reports on other procedures for resection of the
      head of pancreas, the patients who had been operated on suffered few symptoms.
      With one exception they had no pain at all; they all gained weight. The results
      of early follow-up examinations of the patients treated by to these procedures
      encourage continued use of duodenopancreatectomy.

PMID- 688837
TI  - [Reflux-preventing gastric resection. An animal experiment study].
AB  - In 30 pigs the prevention of duodenogastric reflux following distal gastrectomy
      through different types of jejunal transposition or Roux-en-Y-gastroenterostomy
      was studied. The reflux was measured by determination of the intragastric amounts
      of bile acids and lysolecithin, and by the total number of glycerophosphatids.
      After distal gastrectomy and proximal selective vagotomy, isoperistaltic jejunal
      segments of different lengths were transposed between gastric remnant and
      duodenum. The reflux was normalized by 25-cm segments. Shorter segments led to no
      significant decrease of the reflux. The jejunal invagination of additional
      isoperistaltic valve did not have a significant effect. The same protection as
      from 25-cm segments was obtained by Roux-en-Y-gastrojejunostomy. The role of the
      duodenogastric reflux following gastrectomy for the gastric mucosa is disucssed.
      The necessity of the reparation of the pyloric function is shown.

PMID- 688838
TI  - [Experimental studies on the effect of pyloroplasty on gastric emptying, serum
      gastrin and duodenogastric reflux in selective proximal vagotomy (SPV)].
AB  - The influence of selective proximal vagotomy (SPV) and of an additional
      pyloroplasty (Heineke-Mikulicz) on gastric emptying, acid and gastrin secretion,
      and duodenogastric reflux was examined experimentally. After SPV, gastric
      emptying of fluids and a solid meal was significantly faster than before surgery.
      An additional pyloroplasty did not influence gastric emptying time significantly.
      Gastrin secretion after stimulation with a protein-rich meal increased
      significantly after SPV and did not change much after pyloroplasty was added. It
      can be concluded that increased gastrin secretion after SPV is not a result of
      delayed emptying. Pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion was reduced by 70% after
      SPV and after additional pyloroplasty as well. The results show that reduced acid
      secretion after SPV causes the rise in serum gastrin levels. After SPV no
      duodenogastric reflux occurred. An additional pyloroplasty led to a significant
      rise of bromsulphaleine used as a marker for bile in gastric aspirate. Obviously
      destruction of the pylorus leads to a loss of its antireflux function. This leads
      to an antral gastritis which after 3 months is of chronic-atrophic type. A
      stimulation of gastrin output by bile could not be demonstrated. It can be
      concluded that after SPV gastric emptying is not delayed. A pyloroplasty does not
      affect gastrin release and acid secretion. Drainage procedures together with SPV
      should be avoided to prevent duodenogastric reflux and antral gastritis.

PMID- 688839
TI  - [Dysphonia following strumectomy. Laryngeal and vocal cord changes as sequelae of
      thyroid surgery].
AB  - In 142 patients function and morphology of the larynx were clinically assessed
      before and after strumectomy. The postoperative incidence of irreversible
      recurrent nerve pareses amounted to 2.1% whereas incidence of pareses of the n.
      laryngeus superior was 1.4%. The rather high number of laryngeal asymmetries
      (49.3%) is, in most cases, reversible after strumectomy. The number of intubation
      injuries does not significantly differ from the figures obtained after intubation
      anesthetics based on other indications. Hyperkinetic dysphonia is partly
      reversible after strumectomy, an unspecific recuperation effect probably playing
      the most important role. In 3% of the cases the enlarged thyroid gland caused a
      venous congestion in the endolarynx. Dysphonia following strumectomy is, in most
      cases, not to be attributed to a lesion of the laryngeal nerves, although the
      diagnosis dysphonia should under no circumstances lead to an expectant,
      conservative "wait and see" attitude whenever such a dysphonia (paraphonia)
      occurs. On the contrary, an otorhinolaryngologic diagnosis and, if need be,
      therapy are mandatory in all such cases.

PMID- 688840
TI  - [Arterial involvement in elbow-proximal injuries].
AB  - Nine cases of distal brachial artery injury were discussed. We refer to case No.
      7 in which a complete dorsal displacement of the artery occurred through the
      fracture-line of the epicondyle. Trauma caused dislocation, laceration, or spasm
      of the artery, with or without intravascular thrombosis. Vascular spasm should
      not be diagnosed unless an arteriogram is available. If not done preoperatively,
      it can be done during operation. In this case inspection of the vessel during
      operation seems essential. Venous interposition is satisfactory for bridging
      defects of the distal brachial artery even in the elbow region.

PMID- 688841
TI  - [Liver abscess as an unusual cause of gastric-wall impression].

PMID- 688842
TI  - [Prevention of rotational malpositioning following fractures of the metacarpus
      and finger phalanges].

PMID- 688843
TI  - Patterns of RNA synthesis in early meiotic prophase oocytes from fetal mouse
      ovaries.
AB  - In a study of the early meiotic prophase stages of mouse oogenesis from d12 of
      gestation to 10d post-partum the patterns of RNA synthesis during these stages of
      oogenesis using H3-uridine incorporation as visualized by light microscope
      autoradiography are reported. We find that chromosomal RNA synthesis occurs in
      all stages except early to mid-pachytene, the time of maximum chromosome
      condensation. Diplotene and dictyate nuclei are the most heavily labelled stages.
      Nucleolar labelling ceases before leptotene and reappears in late pachytene or
      early diplotene, even though nucleoli can be identified in all stages except
      early to mid-pachytene.

PMID- 688844
TI  - Differences in the number of nucleolus organizers in Chironomus tepperi shown by
      in situ hybridization.
AB  - Two stocks of Chironomus tepperi could be isolated. One stock, N(IV)+, contains
      nucleolus organizers in chromosome I and IV, whereas the other one, N(IV)-, shows
      only one nucleolus in chromosome I. It is demonstrated by in situ hybridization
      with radioactive rRNA that the absence of the nucleolus in chromosome IV of stock
      N(IV)- is not related to an inactivation of the nucleolar DNA, as might have been
      suggested, but is due to the lack of ribosomal cistrons.

PMID- 688845
TI  - Higher corticosterone values at a fixed single timepoint in serum from mice
      "trained" by prior handling.
AB  - Results of "training" rodents for bioassay of synthetic corticosteroids are not
      consistent with expectations presumably based upon earlier implied claims
      stemming, perhaps, from over behavioral patterns displayed by handled as compared
      to nonhandled rodents (or the observer's wishful thinking?). At the timepoints
      investigated, "habituation" of mature mice and rats by exposure to handling,
      injection and killing procedures results in statistically significantly increased
      corticosterone concentrations. For younger animals the elevation in
      corticosterone concentration may also be applicable; although, it is not known to
      what extent we are dealing with an effect of "habituation" and/or age. Lowest
      hormone concentration occurred in the groups of mice housed undisturbed in an
      animal chamber separate from the room housing mice subjected to habituation. The
      results of this study suggest that for certain rodents kept in L from 0600 to
      1800 "habituation" for 1 week, at least at the circadian stage corresponding to
      0800, is not only ineffectual (in eliminating the rise in serum corticosterone
      associated with handling) but detrimental to the evaluation of synthetic
      corticosteroid potency by bioassay (to the extent that such a rise in exaggerated
      rather than reduced). In these acute experiments, methylprednisolone was more
      suppressive than dexamethasone and the water soluble ester-salts less suppressive
      than the 21-hydroxy bases. These results suggest the possibility of important
      differences in the distributive stage and/or the metabolism of these compounds-
      factors affecting the speed of onset of the desired as well as undesired effects.

PMID- 688846
TI  - The effect of sleep upon human circadian rhythms.
AB  - Subjects who slept for 4 h from 0000, and for a second 4 h variously distributed
      over the day, have provided values for rectal temperature and for urinary
      excretion of water, potassium, sodium, chloride, phosphate, creatinine, calcium
      and urate in the sleeping subject at all hours of the 24. These are compared with
      similar values in the wakeful subject. Temperature was lower during sleep at all
      hours except 1000 and 1200, and the difference was maximal shortly before 0000.
      At all hours potassium excretion was lower and phosphate excretion higher during
      sleep. Cosinor analysis of the different variables in the sleeping subject is
      compared with that in subjects following nycthemeral habits, and the interaction
      between endogenous rhythms and external influences such as sleep is discussed.
      The phasing of the temperature and urinary rhythms was essentially normal by the
      end of the observations. By contrast in a subject who slept at irregular hours
      mimicking the habits of an air pilot a free-running rhythm unrelated to the
      habits of sleep emerged. When he was finally living again on normal time his
      temperature and urinary acrophases had moved to the middle of the night.
      Phosphate excretion was largely exogenous, falling consistently when subjects
      rose after 8 h, but not after 4 h of sleep.

PMID- 688847
TI  - Circadian rhythms of self-selected lighting in golden hamsters: relation to
      gonadal condition.
AB  - Golden hamster (20 males, 8 females) were maintained in isolation boxes for 4-7
      weeks. The animals had access to wheels and selected their own lighting by
      pressing one bar to turn light-on and another bar to turn the light-off. All
      hamsters maintained circadian rhythms of wheel-running activity. Seventeen of 28
      hamsters selected lighting with a circadian periodicty. For 9 hamsters, there was
      a significant positive correlation between wheel-running activity and self
      selected darkness, while this correlation was significantly negative for 10
      hamsters. Four hamsters had regressed testes at the end of the experiment. These
      4 had significant positive correlations between activity and self-selected
      darkness, while none of the  hamsters with significant negative correlations
      between activity and self-selected darkness had regressed testes. Light in phase
      with activity seems to be more important to the prevention of testicular
      regression than is the total daily amount of light.

PMID- 688848
TI  - Circadian susceptibility rhythms to some organophosphate compounds in the rat.
AB  - LD50 values after i.p. doses of phenitrotion (PH), dichlorvos (D) and methyl
      parathion (MP) were established at 0600, 1200, 1800 and 0000 and plasma
      corticosterone was determined in male rats. The PH toxicity was significantly
      higher at 0600 than at 1800. Moreover, there was a significant difference between
      the PH toxicity at 1200 (lower) and 0000 (higher). The D toxicity differed
      significantly only between 1200 (higher). There was however a lack of circadian
      susceptibility, rhythm to MP. The results differ according to the metabolic fate
      and the solubility of the tested compounds.

PMID- 688849
TI  - The oscillatory network of glycolysis: a model for multiple phase output derived
      from a single master oscillator.
AB  - In oscillatory glycolysing yeast cells the reaction rates of 11 enzymic steps are
      almost completely in phase whereas the concentrations of intermediates fluctuate
      with highly different phases. Metabolite concentrations depend on the amplitudes
      of reaction rates even more than on their phases. In this way almost,
      synchronized enzymes can given rise to a variety of phases, resembling a "master
      oscillatory" which controls a series of peripheric event with different phases.

PMID- 688850
TI  - A simulation study of oscillating glycolysis: a comparison between a model and
      experiments.
AB  - Glycolysis is the best known biochemical oscillator and suitable for the
      exploration of the basic features of biological rhythms on a biochemical and
      mathematical level. Because of our detailed knowledge of its component structure
      (enzyme kinetics, metabolite pattern) glycolysis can be described by a set of
      coupled nonlinear differential equations of first order with respect to time,
      whose individual terms consist of enzyme velocities assuming a steady state
      hypothesis for the enzymatic forms. Due to the feedback control of PFK by the
      adenylates the system is able to oscillate. The outcomes of a simplified model,
      containing only the basic elements of glycolysis, show good agreements with
      experimental results.

PMID- 688851
TI  - The epithelial response in keratitis sicca and keratitis herpetica (an
      experimental and clinical study).

PMID- 688852
TI  - The development of the angle of the anterior chamber in vertebrate eyes.
AB  - The development of the angle of the anterior chamber of the eye in chick embryos
      (avian eye), in new born rats (rodents), in calf fetuses (ungulates) and in
      humans (primates) has been studied. The main determinant in the configuration of
      the angle is the two-layered structure of the mesoderm of the ciliary body: the
      external muscular layer inserted into the spur and growing with same growth rate
      as that of the corneoscleral mesoderm and internal fibrovascular layer giving
      rise to the ciliary processes and growing with same growth rate as that of the
      neural ciliary and iris epithelium. First the neural epithelium grows faster than
      the corneoscleral mesoderm and the ciliary processes appear anteriorly positioned
      and later the corneoscleral mesoderm grows faster than the neuroepithelium and
      the ciliary processes appear posteriorly positioned. The eyes of premature and
      low birth weight babies present the different stages of normal embryological
      development of the angel. The angle in eyes of various embryopathies and
      developmental diseases presents aspects similar to those of the premature and low
      birth weight babies. The etiopathogenic mechanism in cause is the same in both
      groups: arrest of development. During the first post-natal years, the
      corneoscleral mesoderm grows at a greater rate than the inner neuro-epithelium
      and the region of the most active growth is located at the ora serrata. That is
      why, during this period, the ora serrata recedes, giving rise to the formation of
      retinal teeth, the angle despens and makes a recess and the Lange fold
      disappears.

PMID- 688853
TI  - Mathematical optimization of glaucoma visual field screening protocols.
AB  - There is potential for significantly shortening the time required for visual
      field screening protocols by a precise specification of the number, exact
      location, and sequence of points to be tested. Through statistical and
      mathematical methods, protocols have been developed for maximizing the
      probability of detecting at least one visual field defect in a subject who is a
      risk for early glaucomatous field loss. The mathematical formulation was derived
      in a generalized manner so that it could be applied to most kinetically or
      statically determined visual field screening methods.

PMID- 688854
TI  - Retinal receptive field-like properties and Stiles-Crawford effect in a patient
      with a traumatic choroidal rupture.
AB  - Simple psychophysical techniques were used in order to assess layer-by-layer
      retinal functions in a patient with sub-retinal fluid due to a choroidal rupture
      following ocular trauma. A substained-like and a transient-like function believed
      to reflect retinal receptive-field-like properties, and an indicator of retinal
      receptor orientation (the Stiles-Crawford effect) have been followed in time.
      Central visual acuity was also measured. Initially all measured functions
      provided anomalous responses in affected retinal areas. Of interest here is the
      nature and order of recovery of the measured response functions. Most notable was
      the rapid rate of recovery of receptor orientation and the slower rate of
      recovery of the transient-like function.

PMID- 688855
TI  - [Distribution of adsorbed and true intestinal enzymes between the cells of the
      mucosa of the small intestine and the apical glycocalyx detached from them].

PMID- 688856
TI  - Food, water and ethanol consumption by rats under a fixed-interval schedule of
      food presentation.
AB  - Rats could lever press 24 hours a day for 97 mg food pellets under a fixed
      interval (FI) 90 second schedule. During the first 4 days, an ethanol solution
      was the only available fluid, after which both water and ethanol solutions were
      available. At ethanol concentrations (w/v) of 5%, 7.5% and l0%, total caloric
      intake and total fluid intake remained constant, while ethanol consumption was
      inversely proportional to the concentration of the solution. When the FI 90s
      schedule was changed to FI 45 s, or to FI 180 s, there were only small changes in
      total caloric intake, total fluid intake and in percentages of total fluid
      consumption and total caloric intake as ethanol. The data suggest that the intake
      of ethanol under this fixed-interval schedule depends more on the ethanol
      concentration than on the calories obtained from ethanol drinking.

PMID- 688857
TI  - Psychosocial correlates of chronic cannabis use.
AB  - The psychosocial effects of chronic heavy use of cannabis were studied in a rural
      population of males in north India. The user group comprised thirty persons who
      had been taking only cannabis at least 11 times a month over a period of five
      years or more. The controls were fifty subjects selected from among the general
      population to which the users belonged. The controls had not been using any
      drugs. The subjects had similar age distribution, occupation, socioeconomic
      status, and educational background. Psychosocial adaptation was assessed by
      enquiries into such areas as self-aspiration, present occupation, occupational
      satisfaction, marital status, marital relationships, sexual behaviour, self
      reported deviant behaviour, and future planning for children. On no variable were
      the present users found to be different from the non-user control group.

PMID- 688858
TI  - Test-retest reliability and validity information for a high school drug use
      questionnaire.
AB  - This study reports test--retest reliability and validity information for an
      anonymous high school drug use questionnaire. All drug use items were highly
      reliable in testings on the same students eight weeks apart. Composite drug
      scores were also highly reliable. A nine-item lie scale gave virtually identical
      results on the two testings. The majority of students regardless of the frequency
      of their drug use stated that they would honestly report their cannabis and
      opium/heroin use. There was little evidence of defensiveness judging by the lie
      scores.

PMID- 688859
TI  - Factors contributing to self-reported drug use among London undergraduates 1971
      72.
AB  - A questionnaire study of drug taking by 1113 London University undergraduates has
      been undertaken. This paper sets out to relate drug taking to student life. The
      variables which discriminate those who have tried illicit drugs from those who
      have not are conceptualised as representing alienation from study, distance from
      authority, and separation from parents. These variables are consistent with a
      general factor best labelled "non-conformity". The variables which seem to
      discriminate between degrees of involvement in psychoactive substances are ease
      of obtaining cannabis, estimated percentage of friends who use drugs, use of
      tobacco, seeing someone inject themselves, operational use of substances (i.e.
      use for purposes other than recreation or pleasure), and choice of future career.
      These variables represent four overlapping factors which affect involvement with
      psychoactive substances: contact with drugs, contact with drug users,
      identification with the user class, and within-class deviance. While non
      conformity appears to be the factor in student life predisposing students to try
      illicit drugs, the factors which affect the degree of involvement with such
      substances seem relatively independent of student status.

PMID- 688860
TI  - Salbutamol inhalation: rotahaler v. pressurised aerosol.

PMID- 688861
TI  - Drugs and driving.

PMID- 688862
TI  - Paints for warts: salicylic acid collodion BNF.

PMID- 688863
TI  - Medical treatment of gallstones.

PMID- 688864
TI  - A new look at Distalgesic.

PMID- 688865
TI  - [Air pollutants and respiratory tract diseases in childhood].

PMID- 688866
TI  - [Therapy of delirium tremens].

PMID- 688867
TI  - [Tax deductibility of traffic-accident costs].

PMID- 688868
TI  - [CK and LDH increase in paroxysmal tachycardia?].

PMID- 688869
TI  - [Reye's syndrome in adults (author's transl)].
AB  - The clinical picture of Reye's syndrome, characterized by an acute severe disease
      of brain and liver, initially has nonspecific generalized symptoms with cough,
      myalgia, and fever. The prognosis is poor. The disease starts with an infection,
      quickly followed by vomiting and loss of consciousness. In this phase the serum
      bilirubin is moderately raised, the transaminases markedly so. In addition to
      gastro-intestinal bleeding there may be hypoventilation, hypoglycaemia and
      seizures. Morbid anatomically there is a small-drop fatty infiltration of the
      liver and other organs with cerebral oedema. Aetiology and pathogenesis remain
      uncertain. Numerous therapeutic measures have been proposed.

PMID- 688870
TI  - [Risk to patients with latent or manifest hyperthyroidism through iodine
      containing contrast media and drugs (author's transl)].
AB  - Severe iodine-induced hyperthyroidism occurred in 25 patients with, at the time
      not yet fully diagnosed thyroid function after administration of iodine
      containing contrast media, disinfectants or drugs, in four of them precipitating
      a thyrotoxic crisis. As iodine-induced hyperthyroidism is often resistant to the
      usual antithyroid treatment, thyroid function should be checked whenever the use
      of iodine-containing contrast media is indicated.

PMID- 688871
TI  - [The Bayesian theorem in clinical differential diagnosis (author's transl)].
AB  - New (a posteriori) probablities of medical diagnosis can be calculated by the
      Bayesian formula from a priori probabilities of the diagnosis or diagnoses under
      consideration and from the probabilities of a given test result occurring with
      each disease. Using sequential iteration, the Bayesian formula is applicable to
      the calculation of a posteriori probabilities after multiple tests have been
      performed. When this iterative process has been programmed for a pocket
      calculator it can easily be used in clinical practice. As a consequence, medical
      knowledge can be applied more rationally. Many inconsistent data can be more
      easily interpreted as a result. Furthermore, results of diagnostic tests can be
      used more extensively and normal test results given their full weight.

PMID- 688872
TI  - [Diagnosis of obstructive jaundice. Comparison of sonography and endoscopic
      retrograde cholangiopancreaticography].

PMID- 688873
TI  - [Refusal of treatment and omitted help].

PMID- 688874
TI  - [Intra-aortic adverse pulsation].

PMID- 688875
TI  - [Power spectrum].

PMID- 688876
TI  - [Lofgren's syndrome].

PMID- 688877
TI  - [Chronic recurrent pulmonary embolism (author's transl)].

PMID- 688879
TI  - [Age-dependent mechanical properties of the lung (author's transl)].
AB  - Capacity resistance breaking and volume resistance breaking were determined in
      normal subjects divided into three groups according to their age. There was a
      statistically significant age dependence with regard to both values. At a higher
      age, capacity resistance breaking increases in the respiratory tract already
      above the end-expiratory intrathoracic gas volume. There is a clear-cut age
      dependent narrowing of the ventilatory reserve. This points to a relationship to
      "senile emphysema". It is probable that the premature loss of individual bronchi
      is a factor in the abnormal clearing mechanism of the elderly lung.

PMID- 688878
TI  - [Ergometry in the assessment of antihypertensive treatment (author's transl)].
AB  - A standardized ergometric test, suitable for recognizing abnormally high exercise
      blood pressures as well as the influence of hypotensive drugs on blood pressure,
      was employed in 13 of 28 hypertensives being treated with a combination of beta
      receptor blockers (oxprenolol, 80 mg), a diuretic (chlortalidone, 10 mg), and a
      vasodilator (hydralazine, 25 mg). This combination was an effective
      antihypertensive measure with few side effects, particularly so in reducing
      elevated exercise blood pressures.

PMID- 688880
TI  - [Myasthenia gravis and LE nephritis: problems of treatment with cholinesterase
      inhibitors during long-term dialysis (author's transl)].

PMID- 688881
TI  - [Syndrome of prolonged QT duration versus cerebral convulsions].

PMID- 688882
TI  - [Interruption of surgery for the purpose of patient information].

PMID- 688883
TI  - [Toxicity of propyphenazone].

PMID- 688884
TI  - [Significance of a negative HBs antigen demonstration using radioimmunoassay
      (AusRia II, Abbott) in the upper "negative" cpm region].

PMID- 688885
TI  - [The so-called ideal weight].

PMID- 688886
TI  - [Farmer's lung].

PMID- 688887
TI  - [Again: discussion on the granting of additional pay to public servants].

PMID- 688888
TI  - [Zero diet: in hospital or ambulatory care?].

PMID- 688889
TI  - [Angio-immunoblastic lymphadenopathy].

PMID- 688890
TI  - [Carcinoma risk in irradiation of the axillary region?].

PMID- 688891
TI  - [The Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (author's transl)].
AB  - The clinical picture of the Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome is characterized by mental
      retardation, broad thumb and large toe, beaky nose, antimongloid lid axis and
      numerous morphological signs. The patients resemble one another so that in many
      instances the diagnosis can be made on sight. Three cases are described. The
      exact differentiation from other abnormalities with mental retardation is
      important, especially  in genetic counselling of the affected families.

PMID- 688892
TI  - [Cardiac side-effects of oesophago-gastro-duodenoscopy in relation to
      premedication (author's transl)].
AB  - The electrocardiogram was monitored in 100 patients undergoing oesphago-gastro
      duodenoscopy. Premedication differed: 25 patients each were given either (Group
      I) atropine 0.5 mg, hyoscine-N-butylbromide 20 mg, and diazepam 5 mg, or (Group
      II) hyoscine-N-butyl-bromide 20 mg and diazepam 5 mg, or (Group II) diazepam 5 mg
      and glucagon 0.2 mg, or (Group IV) only diazepam 5 mg intravenously. After
      injection of the parasympatholytic drugs (Groups I and II) there was a
      significantly higher heart rate duringthe entire length of the examination than
      in groups III and IV. Nine of the ten cases of ascending S-T depression were
      found in Groups I and II, while descending (ischaemic) S-T changes occurred
      equally frequently in patients of all four groups. Two of the three more serious
      arrhythmias were registered after atropine. Since parasympatholytic drugs fail to
      inhibit arrhythmias and ST-T changes, while accentuating the rise in heart rate,
      it is recommended that premedication for oesophago-gastro-duodenoscopy should not
      include such drugs.

PMID- 688893
TI  - [Behavior therapy of anorexia nervosa: a reply].

PMID- 688894
TI  - [Interruption of surgery for patient information].

PMID- 688895
TI  - [The liver, alcohol and women].

PMID- 688896
TI  - [Recommended and/or proposed medical terms].

PMID- 688897
TI  - [Gonadal hormone production before puberty].

PMID- 688898
TI  - [Attitude to fetal malpresentation].

PMID- 688899
TI  - [Polyneuropathy in paresis patients].

PMID- 688900
TI  - [Acute effect of moderate alcohol intoxication on respiration in severe chronic
      bronchitis].

PMID- 688901
TI  - [Treatment of insomnia in the elderly].

PMID- 688902
TI  - [Condylomata acuminata--new information on an old disease].

PMID- 688903
TI  - [Oral administration of strophanthin in the treatment of coronary disease].

PMID- 688904
TI  - [Interferon from the laboratory to clinical use].

PMID- 688905
TI  - [Premature labor].

PMID- 688906
TI  - [Suspect findings (Papanicolaou class III) in gynecologic cytology].

PMID- 688907
TI  - [Allergy and skin tests among school children].

PMID- 688908
TI  - [Treatment of osteoarthritis of knee joint].

PMID- 688909
TI  - [Unusual reaction to diuretics].

PMID- 688910
TI  - [Does alcohol prevent coronary heart disease?].

PMID- 688911
TI  - [Meningitis vaccinations].

PMID- 688912
TI  - [Charcot's joint].

PMID- 688913
TI  - [Hypokalemic periodic paralysis].

PMID- 688914
TI  - [Diabetic cardiomyopathy].

PMID- 688915
TI  - [Berry picker's erysipelas].

PMID- 688916
TI  - [Asthma and pregnancy].

PMID- 688917
TI  - [Hemodialysis in acute drug intoxications].

PMID- 688918
TI  - [Myringotomy in the treatment of acute otitis media in children].

PMID- 688919
TI  - [Lateral epicondylitis of the humerus--a disease of the working hand].

PMID- 688920
TI  - [Neonatal cholestasis syndrome].

PMID- 688921
TI  - [Clinico-pathological conference. Pericarditis, pulmonary changes and hemorrhagic
      pulmonary effusion].

PMID- 688922
TI  - [What is occupational medicine?].

PMID- 688923
TI  - [Health examinations in occupational health practice].

PMID- 688924
TI  - [Epidemiological aspects of occupational cancer].

PMID- 688925
TI  - [Biological exposure tests].

PMID- 688926
TI  - [Occupational exposure to neurotoxic chemicals].

PMID- 688927
TI  - [Occupational health care in small enterprises in Finland].

PMID- 688928
TI  - [Tenosynovitis and peritendinitis].

PMID- 688929
TI  - [Erythrocyte sedimentation--laboratory evaluation].

PMID- 688930
TI  - [Campylobacteria--a new group of bacteria causing enteritis].

PMID- 688931
TI  - [X-ray examination of the small intestine by the double contrast method].

PMID- 688932
TI  - [Chlamydia trachomatis in gynecologic outpatients].

PMID- 688933
TI  - [Maternal complications in obstetric anesthesia].

PMID- 688934
TI  - [Posterior dislocation and fracture-dislocation of the shoulder].

PMID- 688935
TI  - [Lead poisoning from illicit alcohol].

PMID- 688936
TI  - [Intrauterine devices in contraception].

PMID- 688937
TI  - [The role of rehabilitation after coronary infarction].

PMID- 688938
TI  - [Lymphokines--immunological agitators].

PMID- 688939
TI  - [Extrameningeal meningococcal disease].

PMID- 688940
TI  - [Kawasaki disease].

PMID- 688941
TI  - [Clinical laboratory data from EDP in the district of Kuopio University Central
      Hospital].

PMID- 688942
TI  - [Galerina marginata poisoning].

PMID- 688943
TI  - [Management of cervicitis].

PMID- 688944
TI  - [Clinico-pathological conference LIII. Hypercalcemia and malignant infiltration
      of the liver].

PMID- 688945
TI  - [Is the size of the myocardial infarct under the physician's control?].

PMID- 688946
TI  - [Aggression is a positive phenomenon].

PMID- 688947
TI  - [Hemoglobin A1c in the evaluation of diabetes].

PMID- 688948
TI  - [Ergotamine].

PMID- 688949
TI  - [Short-term hospitalization and chemotherapy in the treatment of tuberculosis].

PMID- 688950
TI  - [Cholescintigraphy].

PMID- 688952
TI  - [Chronic prostatitis].

PMID- 688953
TI  - [Joint transplantation].

PMID- 688951
TI  - [Oculoglandular tularemia].

PMID- 688954
TI  - [May PUVA-therapy be dangerous?].

PMID- 688955
TI  - [Tetanus today].

PMID- 688956
TI  - [Immunopathogenesis of farmer's lung].

PMID- 688957
TI  - [Radiographic, physiological and histological changes in patients with farmer's
      lung].

PMID- 688958
TI  - [Cerebrospinal fluid protein tests in neurologic diseases].

PMID- 688959
TI  - [Endocarditis and aortic valve insufficiency caused by ornithosis].

PMID- 688961
TI  - Laryngeal rehabilitation: a historical perspective.

PMID- 688960
TI  - Why not establish a separate Department of Health?

PMID- 688962
TI  - Traumatic peripheral facial palsy.

PMID- 688963
TI  - Myxoma of the nasopharynx.

PMID- 688964
TI  - A procedure for adenoidectomy.

PMID- 688965
TI  - Calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor.

PMID- 688966
TI  - Recurrent middle-ear effusions in nonallergic patients after adenoidectomy.

PMID- 688967
TI  - Personal filing systems revisited.

PMID- 688968
TI  - [Several theoretical and practical aspects of radioecology].

PMID- 688969
TI  - [Growth and sexual maturation of forest mice with an elevated concentration of
      90Sr in the biogeocenosis].

PMID- 688970
TI  - [Importance of bromocriptine in dysthymic schizophrenia].
AB  - The authors report two observations of excited schizophrenics treated by
      Bromocriptin. To this point, they debate on the biochemical mechanisms of this
      dopaminergic agonist.

PMID- 688971
TI  - [Use of evaluation scales in psychopharmacology].
AB  - Rating scales are used to assess the intensity of psychiatric attributes such as
      anxiety and depression: they are generally composed of several items to be rated.
      They postulate: the continuity of the "measured" attribute; a monotonic attribute
      item scores relationship; and the cancellation, within the final score of
      "parasitic" factors due to other features than the one which it is desired to
      measure. The main metrologic qualities are: sensitivity to states of different
      intensities, reliability in respect to time and rater, validity: relative to an
      external clinical classification, to another rating scale, or to known efficacy
      of a treament on the studied attribute. Self-rating scales avoid an intermediate
      rater and are easy to use. But they allow for no interpretation from external
      information, and cannot be used in patients with linguistic difficulties, or
      severely impaired. Scales rated by a rater consist of codification of a well
      conducted interview. They allow for correction of erroneous answers from the
      patients. They may be affected by certain systematic rater errors (attenuation,
      central or extreme tendency, halo effect, etc...) which are decreased by
      training. The global score can be obtained by summing item scores, or from a
      factor analysis. Construction of a rating scale is a difficult task which implies
      a series of approximations to obtain, from an initial collection of items,
      satisfactory metrologic qualities. Translation and adaptation of a rating scale
      are difficult manoeuvres, which may jeopardize its validity.

PMID- 688972
TI  - [Objective evaluation of the effectiveness of amineptine in the treatment of
      severe depressive states using the Hamilton depression scale].
AB  - The Amineptine antidepressive action is proved in cases of neurotic, psychotic or
      reactive depression. The Hamilton Depressive Rating Scale is used. The target
      symptoms statistically improved by Amineptine are: depressed mood, guilt,
      suicide, work, and interests, and retardation. Amineptine has no anticholinergic
      or cardio-vascular effects.

PMID- 688973
TI  - [Schizophrenia and histocompatibility antigens].
AB  - Schizophrenias have a genetical support as it is now proved by the study of twins
      born from schizophrenic parents and of the adopted children of schizophrenics.
      The HLA typing brings an additional argument in favour of this hypothesis. After
      a recall of data concerning the system of tissular histocompatibility, the
      results are given of the HLA typing of a population of 65 schizophrenics (59 men,
      6 women) including 27 hebephrenics and 38 paranoids. The paranoid group is
      clearly individualized from a genetic point of view. If 40% of the schizophrenics
      carry the A9 antigen versus 21,2% found in the normal population, 47,4 % of the
      paranoid schizophrenics present this antigen (X2) = 12,16 p less than 0,001). The
      association of the two antigens A9 and CW4 is even more significant: 14,3 % of
      the total schizophrenic population, as opposed to 2,7 % in the normal population
      (X2) = 13,3 p less than 0,0005). The paranoid group reached a rate of 24,3% (x(2)
      = 27,3 p less than 0,0005). A subject carrier of both antigens A9 + CW4 has 11,5
      times more the risk of being a paranoid schizophrenic than a subject not
      possessing these two antigens.

PMID- 688974
TI  - A case of pituitary apoplexy with spontaneous recovery.
AB  - A patient, 38-year-old man, with hemorrhage into a prolactin-secreting pituitary
      adenoma, or pituitary apoplexy, is reported. On his admission, clinical
      examinations revealed typical stigmata indicating that he suffered from an acute
      attack of pituitary apoplexy probably induced by acute meningitis. He survived
      the acute attack and recovered spontaneously without an urgent operation.
      Although there was no suspicious sign and symptom of hypopituitarism, the first
      study performed immediately after the attack suggested strongly that
      hypopituitarism might acutely developed during the hemorrhage into the tumor.
      Moreover, the follow-up studies indicated that TSH, LH and ADH recovered
      spontaneously from the initial damage following the resorption of hemorrhage for
      the next 3 months.

PMID- 688975
TI  - Accumulation and binding of 3H-estradiol-17beta by lymphoid tissues of castrated
      mice.
AB  - The in vivo uptake of 3H-estradiol-17beta by the various lymphoid tissues, fat
      tissue, skeletal muscle and circulating blood of castrated male and female mice
      of C57BL strain was studied after an intravenous injection of the hormone. In
      both sexes the highest uptake was by the bone marrow and fat tissue, followed by
      the spleen, thymus and mesenteric lymph node. The lowest was by the muscle and
      the blood serum. The lymphoid tissues in the female took up a slightly more
      amount of radioactivity than those in the male until 1 hr after the injection,
      but thereafter the uptake was at almost the same level between both sexes. The
      lymphoid tissues showed a relative and long-term retention of the radioactivity,
      as compared with that in the muscle and blood serum. The binding of 3H-estradiol
      17beta by the lymphoid tissue cytosol and their binding specificity for the
      hormone were examined in vitro by  Sephadex G-100 column analysis. All the tissue
      cytosols tested contained estradiol-binding component(-s). Among those the thymic
      cytosol showed to contain the component(-s) which is fairly specific to this
      hormone. These results suggest that there is a relatively high uptake and
      retention of estrogen in the lymphoid tissues in which it is bound to cytoplasmic
      binding component(-s).

PMID- 688976
TI  - Changes in serum 17alpha-hydroxyprogesterone levels during periovulatory phase in
      women.
AB  - In order to investigate a physiological role of 17alpha-hydroxyprogestone (17
      OHP) during the periovulatory phase, serum levels of LH, FSH, estradiol (E2),
      progesterone (P) and 17-OHP were determined by the radioimmunoassay daily
      throught the menstrual cycle and during the treatment for induction of ovulation.
      In 5 ovulatory women serum, values of these hormones were also examined every 8
      hr during the periovulatory phase. By average data on five cases whose blood
      samples were taken every eight hr, the first significant rise in 17-OHP began 8
      hr after the time of the E2 peak and the initial rise of LH levels, and the 17
      OHP levels increased steeply as E2 falled down from the peak. But in 2 cases
      among 4, 17-OHP values increased 8 hr prior to or simultaneously with the initial
      rise of LH and the remaining 2 cases, 17-OHP values started to increase on 16 hr
      after the initial rose of LH. These results suggest that the mid cycle 17-OHP
      peak is not a reflection of increased E2 synthesis but that 17-OHP may have a
      physiological role in inducing and/or facilitating LH release. But this role of
      17-OHP in LH release should be further investigated.

PMID- 688977
TI  - Influence of 3-methylether of ethinylestradiol (Mestranol) on oviductal egg
      transport in rats.
AB  - The development of fertilized eggs and their transport through the oviduct were
      studied in rats treated orally with 3-methylether of ethinylestradiol (mestranol)
      at a single administration in different doses. The ED50 values were in the same
      range (0.11--0.34 mg mestranol/kg b.w.) as well in postcoital pregnancy
      inhibition test as in the experiments on tubal egg contents on day 3 as in
      implantation sites in niagara blue test on day 6. This suggests that the uniform
      cause of pregnancy inhibition of postcoital mestranol treatment on day 1 in rats
      is the acceleration of tubal egg transport. The ED50 of mestranol given on day 1
      shortened the stay of eggs in tubes to 24 hours. Mestranol dosage above the ED50
      reduced the tubal stay towards two days in comparison to five days in control
      animals. The number of eggs prematurely expelled from the tubes into the uterus
      was relatively high on day 2 and 3 in animals treated with mestranol in high
      dosage and with ligated cervix, compared with animals without ligation. But on
      day 4 on blastocysts were found. This result shows that the prevention of
      pregnancy is caused by the expulsion of blastocysts from uterus and/or the
      degeneration of zygotes in utero. Blastocysts or morulae recovered from treated
      rats in high dosage were transferred to the uteri of pseudopregnant recipients:
      29% developed into normal term foetuses compared to 29 or 30% for both untreated
      control groups.

PMID- 688978
TI  - The response to insulin by adipose tissue of insulin-dependent diabetics in
      vitro.
AB  - Subcutaneous adipose tissue was removed by surgical biopsy from 10 normal
      subjects and 4 insulin-dependent diabetics under exact intracutaneous
      anaesthesia. The adipose tissue fragments or isolated fat cells were incubated
      with a tracer amount of labeled glucose. In the presence of insulin (62.5 muU/ml)
      the production of carbon dioxide from glucose by adipose tissue fragments of
      nonobese controls as well as diabetics increased up to 286 +/- 62% and 198 +/-
      14.7%, respectively. Furthermore, triglyceride synthesis was raised to 257 +/-
      30% and 267 +/- 34%, respectively. There were no differences in the sensitivity
      of adipose tissue to insulin of healthy volunteers and juvenile diabetics.

PMID- 688979
TI  - Influence of diet composition on insulin output, carbohydrate tolerance and lipid
      values in primary hypertriglyceridemia (HT).
AB  - Hypertriglyceridemic patients generally show a post-challenge hyperinsulinemia.
      In patients where carbohydrate intolerance coexists, increasing of reactive
      insulin is relatively diminished and delayed. In a group of 31
      hypertriglyceridemic patients these characteristics of insulin increments in
      peripheral blood during a 50 g OGTT were constant: neither a low-fat
      (carbohydrate-rich) nor a high-fat (low carbohydrate) isocaloric, weight
      maintaining diet had a significant influence on this parameter when compared with
      a standard diet (protein content unaltered throughout all diet periods). Glucose
      tolerance was significantly improved after the low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet.
      The results were neither correlated with the type of dietary inducibility of
      fasting triglyceride levels in individual cases nor with the sequence of diet
      periods prescribed. Hyperinsulinemia in hypertriglyceridemic patients is not
      believed to be the direct consequence of abnormal composition of the antecedent
      diet.

PMID- 688980
TI  - Morphological differentation of limbic nuclei during sexual maturation of female
      rats.
AB  - Cell nuclear volumes were measured in the central parts of the medial amygdaloid
      nucleus (MAN), cortical amygdaloid nucleus (CAN) and basolateral amygdaloid
      nucleus (BLAN), the anterior part of the ventral hippocampus (VHPC) and, for
      control, in the parietal cortex of immature female rats at 21, 26, 32, or 36 days
      of age, or at the onset of puberty. The cortical cell nuclei did not show any
      variation of their volumes during the period of development under investigation.
      In all limbic regions studied, a significant increase of cell nuclear size was
      found from day 21 to day 26 indicating that a general maturation process runs off
      in the limbic system during the fourth week of life. Cell nuclei were
      significantly smaller in 32-day-old rats as compared to 26-day-old females in the
      MAN, CAN and VHPC, but not in the BLAN. From day 32 to day 36, nuclear volumes
      had distinctively increased in the MAN and BLAN, not changed in the CAN, and
      further decreased in the VHPC. The first ovulatory oestrus was associated with
      diminution of nuclear sizes in the MAN and BLAN, and with enlargement of cell
      nuclei in the CAN and VHPC. The results which suggest a specific development of
      different limbic nuclei are discussed with regard to recent findings on the
      gonadotrophin-controlling function of the limbic system in immature and cyclic
      female rats.

PMID- 688981
TI  - Effect of follicle stimulating hormone on the testes of Puntius ticto (Ham.).
AB  - Histomorphological study of the testes reveals that 0.2 mg and 0.4 mg of follicle
      stimulating hormone (FSH) do not show any marked effect on the spermatogenesis of
      Puntius ticto except that the production of primary germ cells and primary
      spermatogonia is slightly stimulated. A dose of 0.6 mg of FSH initiates the
      formation of primary spermatocytes, and with 0.8 mg the secondary spermatocytes
      and spermatids appear. With 1.0 mg of FSH the testes attain full maturation. By
      an administration of a further dose of 0.2 mg of FSH the commencement of oozing
      is initiated. Each addition of 0.2 mg of FSH from now onwards up to 2.0 mg
      gradually increases the number of primary germ cells and primary spermatogonia
      and decreases the number of spermatozoa which reveals uninterrupted oozing of the
      latter.

PMID- 688982
TI  - Sex differences in adrenocortical structure and function. IV. Effects of
      postpubertal gonadectomy and sex hormones on adrenal steroid 5alpha-reductase
      activity in the rat.
AB  - Studies on the effects of gonadectomy and gonadal hormones on adrenal 5alpha
      reductase activity in the rat were performed. In rats of both sexes postpubertal
      gonadectomy is followed by an increase in adrenal 5alpha-reductase activity. The
      enzyme activity gradually increases during 6 postoperative weeks. Replacement of
      testosterone or estradiol to gonadectomized rats within 5 days lowers the enzyme
      activity to the level observed in intact control rats. Likewise, testosterone
      injected to ovariectomized rats and estradiol administered to orchiectomized
      animals within 5 days reversed the effect of gonadectomy on 5alpha-reductase. In
      all experiments the temporal changes in 5alpha-reductase activity were similar.
      By contrast, the weight of seminal vesicles of gonadectomized rats was normalized
      after 7 days of testosterone action whereas the highest uterine weight was found
      3 days post depot-estradiol injection. Regarding temporal changes in 5alpha
      reductase activity the experiments revealed similar inhibitory action of
      testosterone and estradiol. This action probably depends on the inhibition of
      enzyme synthesis by gonadal hormones. Moreover, greater sensitivity of adrenals
      of gonadectomized rats to testosterone, if compared with seminal vesicles, was
      observed.

PMID- 688984
TI  - Histochemical investigation of aldosterone-secreting cells adenoma of the adrenal
      cortex.
AB  - Two cases of adenomas of adrenal cortex were examined. Both cases presented
      clinical symptoms of autonomic hyperaldosteronism. Histologically one adenoma had
      a benign structure, the other a malignant one. An ultrastructural and
      cytochemical assay of the benign form suggests that it is composed of so called
      "hybrid cells". Histochemically the cells of both adenomas were characterized by
      a 3-beta hydroxysteroid and succinic dehydrogenase reaction, the presence of MAO
      and nonspecific esterases and in some single cells 17-beta hydroxysteroid
      dehydrogenase.

PMID- 688983
TI  - Regulation of plasma aldosterone by glucose-induced paradoxical hyperkalemia in
      the presence of suppressed renin-angiotensin system.
AB  - In a hyperkalemic patient with stable chronic renal failure and suppression of
      the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system intravenous infusion of hypertonic
      glucose induced a paradoxical transitory rise in serum potassium accompanied by a
      similar change in plasma aldosterone. The close significant correlation indicated
      a prominent role for serum potassium in the acute regulation of plasma
      aldosterone when the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system was suppressed.
      However, when the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system was stimulated by sodium
      depletion the glucose-induced paradoxical hyperkalemia was abolished and the
      governing role of potassium became less evident. The results support the concept
      of an equal and supplementary role of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and
      potassium in the acute regulation of aldosterone production.

PMID- 688985
TI  - [Effect of diet and thyroxine on body composition in rats].
AB  - In young male Wistar rats the influence of different fat content of the diet (7
      or 25 or 50 weight percent of fat) and of thyroxine (5 or 50 microgram/100 g body
      mass, 2 times/week, sc.) on body composition was investigated by carcass
      analysis. After high doses of thyroxine the percentage body fat decreases and
      protein and water content increases within the same diet group (7 or 25 or 50%
      fat diet). Smaller doses of thyroxine have only the same effect as high thyroxine
      doses in the 7% fat diet group; the body composition is unchanged in the 25% fat
      diet group, and in rats after 50% fat diet thyroxine even brings about an
      increase in body fat. It is concluded that the fat content of the diet makes
      thyroxine partly ineffective. A comparison of the different diet groups, also
      with or without thyroxine treatment, brings the result of significantly increased
      percentage body fat after 25 and 50% fat diet; body protein and body water
      decreases respectively. It appears from the present study that controversial
      results in literature concerning body composition after thyroxine treatment, may
      be caused by different diets, especially the fat content of the diets.

PMID- 688986
TI  - Experimental and seasonal changes in the pituitary of the Teleost Heteropneustes
      fossilis (Bloch).
AB  - The pituitary of Heteropneustes fossilis is composed of a glandular
      adenohypophysis and a neurohypophysis (NH). The adenohypophysis is divided into
      three regions namely: rostral and proximal pars distalis (RPD and PPD) and pars
      intermedia (PI) consisting of seven different cell types. The RPD is made up of
      two cell types, the erythrosinophilic acidophils which form the major component
      of this region and H. Pb positive cells which border the NH. The latter exhibited
      hypertrophy during spawning and in radiothyroidectomised fishes. The
      erythrosinophils and H. Pb positive cells can be compared to the lactotrophs and
      corticotrophs described in the literature. The PPD is composed of three cell
      types: thyrotrophs, gonadotrophs and acidophils. The gonadotrophs and thyrotrophs
      readily take up the PAS, aldehyde fuchsin and anilin blue. The gnadotrophs show a
      marked numerical increase and hypertrophy in the breeding season, whereas they
      are small and comparatively few in nonbreeding season. In radiothyroidectomised
      fish the thyrotrophs show hypertrophy and degranulation and tendency to migrate
      into all the component parts, reaching upto the stalk region. In the control only
      few cells compared to thyrotrophs are seen in the NH and PI. The PI consists of
      H. Pb and PAS positive cells. They may be involved in the secretion of melanocyte
      stimulating hormone (MSH) and osmoregulation as suggested in the literature.

PMID- 688987
TI  - [Results of surgical treatment of 111 cases of adrenocortical hyperfunction (an
      analysis)].

PMID- 688988
TI  - [Thyroid gland tumors in children. Functional and morphological estimation of
      thyroid gland following subroto strumectomy].

PMID- 688989
TI  - [Effect of dexamethasone on blood level of FSH and LH in patients with hirsutism
      and patients with Stein-Leventhal syndrome].

PMID- 688990
TI  - [Congenital hypothyroidism with thyroglobulin deficiency and substitutional
      albumin iodination].

PMID- 688991
TI  - [Morphology of neurosecretory nuclei of the hypothalamus and of the
      neurohypophysis in the course of mercury phenylacetate poisoning].

PMID- 688992
TI  - Lack of effect of prolonged hydrocortisone administration on the percentage of
      liver histone fractions in guinea pigs.

PMID- 688993
TI  - [Morphograms of Poznan children aged 3-18].

PMID- 688994
TI  - [Estimation of androgenic functions of the adrenal cortex and gonads in selected
      forms of genital abnormalities in children and adolescents].

PMID- 688995
TI  - The course of serum antibody development in two ponies experimentally infected
      with contagious metritis.
AB  - Serum agglutination tests, anti-globulin tests, and complement fixation tests
      were carried out on sera taken over a period of 98 days from two fillies
      experimentally infected with the contagious equine metritis organism. The
      pattern, and significance in diagnosis, of these results is discussed. All 3
      tests showed positive titres in the acute phase of experimental disease;
      reactions in the complement fixation test persisted longest.

PMID- 688996
TI  - The experimental infection of ponies with contagious equine metritis.
AB  - Four pony mares were readily infected with the organism of contagious equine
      metritis by intracervical inoculation and one by coitus with an infected
      stallion. Infected mares developed an acute endometritis with local destruction
      of the endometrial epithelium. In 2 experimentally infected mares, infection
      appeared to have been spontaneously eliminated from the genital tract within 3 to
      4 weeks. A third mare however remained persistently infected in the clitoral
      fossa over a long period and was a symptomless carrier. Four pony stallions were
      readily infected in the urethral fossa and the organism survived for varying
      periods without giving rise to any signs of infection. From 2 of these animals it
      appeared eventually to have been eliminated spontaneously. An experimentally
      infected stallion transmitted infection to a healthy mare by coitus.
      Bacteriological examination of infected pony stallions may occassionally give
      false negative results and fail to reveal the organism in the external genitalia.
      Repeated bacteriological examinations need to be undertaken before it can be
      concluded that a stallion is free of infection.

PMID- 688997
TI  - Endometrial biopsy studies of mares with contagious equine metritis 1977.

PMID- 688998
TI  - Absorption of sodium benzylpenicillin from the equine uterus after local Lugol's
      lodine treatment, compared with absorption after intramuscular injection.
AB  - Plasma concentrations of sodium benzylpenicillin following intrauterine infusion
      were increased by reducing the volume of solution and expelling air from the
      vagina after infusion. Instillation of 10 per cent Lugol's iodine solution into
      the uterus before penicillin infusion further increased the absorption rate,
      although peak plasma levels of penicillin were less than half those which
      resulted from intramuscular injection of the same dose.

PMID- 688999
TI  - Respiratory sounds recorded by radio-stethoscope from normal horses at exercise.
AB  - A graphic representation is presented of respiratory sounds recorded by a radio
      stethoscope from normal horses exercised at the walk, trot, canter and gallop.
      Methods whereby inspiratory and expiratory sounds were distinguished are
      discussed. The form of amplitude envelopes of the sounds recorded at different
      gaits are compared. Certain measurements of relative amplitudes and the form of
      amplitude envelopes of the recorded respiratory sounds can be recognised as
      typical of normal horses when exercised at the canter and gallop. The influence
      of some physiological events (e.g. deglutition on the rhythm of normal
      respiration at the canter and gallop) is indicated.

PMID- 689000
TI  - Limb skin thermometry in racehorses.
AB  - Skin temperature measurements were recorded of the legs of 13 racehorses between
      2 and 5 years old. The normal limb temperature patterns are described. In over 90
      per cent of the normal horses the difference between contralateral limbs was less
      than 1 degree C, but in the remainder differences of up to 8 degree C were
      recorded due to the excessive cooling of one limb. One horse had a constant
      temperature elevation of one foreleg, but it remained in training for 7 weeks
      without any obvious ill effects. Because of the small numbers of horses in the
      survey and their freedom from tendon injuries it was not possible to draw any
      conclusions about the efficacy of thermometric screening in the early diagnosis
      of tendon injuries.

PMID- 689001
TI  - Tetralogy of Fallot and cranial mesenteric arteritis in a foal.
AB  - A 5 month old colt foal with recurrent pyrexia and a loud pansystolic murmur
      later developed signs of cardiac failure. Peritoneal fluid and blood samples both
      demonstrated an extreme leucocytosis and neutrophilia. At post-mortem both a
      cranial mesenteric arteritis and the congenital cardiac anomaly, Tetralogy of
      Fallot were found. The detailed clinical and post-mortem findings contributing to
      the case are described.

PMID- 689002
TI  - Haemodynamics in the horse: 1. Pressure pulse contours.
AB  - Using a catheter with 2 transducers, one mounted at the tip and one 9 cm proximal
      to it, enabled transvalval pressure waveforms to be recorded in 8 horses. A
      simultaneous electrocardiogram acted as a time base. The changing waveforms
      produced in the chambers of the heart and great vessels are described and related
      to the events of the cardiac cycle. The effect of second degree AV block, ectopic
      beats, a pan diastolic murmur and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are
      described.

PMID- 689003
TI  - Social psychological and neuroendocrine stress reactions in highly mechanised
      work.

PMID- 689004
TI  - The effect of rotational vibration in roll and pitch axes on the discomfort of
      seated subjects.

PMID- 689005
TI  - Predicting the effects of dual-frequency vertical vibration on continuous manual
      control performance.

PMID- 689006
TI  - The stability of equal sensation contours for whole-body vibration.

PMID- 689007
TI  - Calcium uptake in skeletal muscle mitochondria. II. The effects of long-term
      chronic and acute exercise.
AB  - In order to ascertain the effects of long-term exercise training and long-term
      exhaustive exercise on mitochondrial 45Ca2+ uptake and related variables in rat
      skeletal muscle, female rats were randomly divided into three groups: sedentary
      rested (SR), trained-rested (TR), and trained-exhausted (TE). The trained groups
      were exercised five times per week on a treadmill for 22 weeks. At the conclusion
      of the training period, the TE group was exercised to exhaustion following their
      daily 1 h run. The 45Ca2+ uptake and endogenous mitochodrial Ca2+ content of
      skeletal muscle followed stepwise increases of approximately 25% and 50%,
      respectively, across the groups, suggesting that long-term exercise induces the
      mitochondria to play an important role as a Ca2+ uptake buffer. A 75--83%
      reduction in 45Ca2+ binding  in the TE group suggests a selective loss and
      partial saturation of membrane phospholipids with exhaustive exercise. The TE
      group had a two-fold greater content of mitochondrial Mg2+ than did the rested
      groups. It is speculated that the mitochondria accumulate Mg2+ during acute
      exercise to maintain the functional integrity of the membrane, thus offsetting
      the deleterious effects of excessive Ca2+ uptake

PMID- 689008
TI  - Lactate kinetics after short strenuous exercise in man.
AB  - Arterial blood lactate was measured at 10 s time intervals after a 3 min
      strenuous exercise for six athletes pedaling a bicycle ergometer in the sitting
      position. Recovery curves were fitted to the equation: Y(t) = A1(1-e
      gamma1t)+A2(1-e-gamma2t)(0). The evolution of arterial lactate concentrations
      during recovery can accurately be represented by this equation. The values of the
      coefficients A and gamma found were used for a numerical application to an open
      two-compartment model: the "working muscle space" (1) and the "lactate space"
      (2). Intramuscular concentrations, the transfer coefficients from compartment 1
      to compartment 2 and from compartment 2 to compartment 1 and the fractional
      turnover and basal turnover rate were calculated. Computed intramuscular lactate
      concentrations at the end of exercise compare favorably with those found earlier
      by muscular biopsic samplings. The turnover data are higher than those previously
      reported. This discrepancy may possibly be attributed to the method of
      mathematical analysis.

PMID- 689009
TI  - Metabolic and thermal responses to men wearing cold-protective clothing to
      various degrees of cold stress.

PMID- 689011
TI  - The impact of daily work load during pregnancy on lipid metabolism in the liver
      of the offspring.

PMID- 689010
TI  - Skeletal muscle enzyme activity, fiber composition and VO2 max in relation to
      distance running performance.
AB  - Muscle biopsy samples were obtained from the gastrocnemius of 26 well-trained
      runners of widely varying ability. Portions of the sample were analyzed for
      succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity and for muscle fiber composition. VO2 max
      was determined during uphill treadmill running. Mean values for muscle SDH
      activity (14.6 U/g), fiber composition (55% slow twitch) and VO2 max (60.9 ml/kg
      x min(-1)) were lower than reported previously for groups of elite and sub-elite
      runners. The physiological data were consistent with the performance ability of
      the sample [5 : 12,11 : 20 and 36 : 40 (min :s) for 1, 2 and 6 miles,
      respectively]. Within the sample, performance was most strongly related to VO2
      max (r=-0.84,-0.87 and -0.88 for 1, 2, and 6 miles). There was little
      relationship between muscle SDH activity and either performance (r=-0.11, -0.14, 
      0.20 for 1,2, and 6 miles) or VO2 max (r=0.23). The relationship between muscle
      fiber composition and performance was only modestly strong (r=-0.52,-0.54, -0.55
      for 1,2, and 6 miles). The results indicate that the primary determinant of cross
      sectional differences in running performance is VO2 max. Skeletal muscle
      metabolism apparently contributes little to these cross-sectional differences and
      may be of much greater importance to variations in performance within an
      individual.

PMID- 689012
TI  - Dependence of lactate removal on muscle metabolism in man.

PMID- 689013
TI  - The microvibrations of the body, an index for examination stress.
AB  - Changes of whole-body microvibrations (MV) were quantitatively analyzed in 123
      voluntary subjects during two examination situations and compared with the
      results obtained during the ensuing vacation. The force oscillations in the three
      space directions were measured during quiet bipedal standing and simultaneously
      recorded as a time function with the rectified and integrated force-time function
      (= rectified impulse). The rectified impulses related to body weight were used as
      a measure for the MV. Immediately before the examinations, all the subjects
      showed high values. These decreased significantly in the control measurement if
      the subjects passed the exams, but remained relatively high in the subjects who
      failed. In all three measurements, smokers and candidates who took tranquilizers
      before the exams show higher MV values than do the other subjects. Females are
      less tense than males, a difference particularly significant in the vertical (z)
      direction. The rectified impulse in this direction correlates positively with the
      estimated cardiac output. Body weight and body length show a positive correlation
      with the MV values in the horizontal forward-backward (x) and vertical (z)
      direction. The measurement of the whole-body MV enables quantitative evaluation
      of the complex load due to an examination situation. The hypothesis that
      different types of stress or personality affect given directions in space
      requires further investigation.

PMID- 689014
TI  - The response of oxygen consumption, body temperature, blood substrates and serum
      enzymes to intermittent heavy work performed over twenty-four hours.

PMID- 689015
TI  - Work capacity of the Czechoslovakian population.

PMID- 689016
TI  - Activity pattern, smoking habits, and somatometric variables of the
      Czechoslovakian population.
AB  - A total of 3762 subjects of both sexes, natives of Czechoslovakia, ranging in age
      from 12--55 years, were examined. Both anamnestic data and selected
      anthropometric variables were evaluated. The proportion of non-smokers for adult
      males was 47--56%, and for adult females was 54--74% of the population. The
      proportion of subjects not engaged in any type of physical activity decreases in
      boys between 12 and 18 years from 28 to 16%, in girls between 12 and 15 years
      from 25 to 22%; from then on the trend reverses and the percentages rises up to
      42% in men and 65% in women. The number of subjects participating in competitive
      sporting activity reaches its peak at 18 years, when 46% of boys annd 43% of
      girls compete, but then decreases quickly. 12 year old girls are taller and
      heavier than boys but at 15 years the relationship is reversed. The LBM at the
      age of 12 is equal in boys and girls, but from then till 18 years the increase is
      larger in boys. The LBM weight in adults remains steady, women attaining 77% of
      the value found in men. The skinfold increases with age similarly in both sexes,
      except for an interval between 12 and 18 years, when girls show a steeper
      increase. Adult women attain 121--160% of the values characteristic for men. The
      grip strength of the right hand equals about 50 kp in adult men and 30 kp in
      adult women. Within the age range followed, it remains unaffected by age.

PMID- 689017
TI  - Resting values of left ventricular work to coronary blood flow ratio in rats
      exposed to intermittent high altitude hypoxia and swimming.
AB  - Total hemodynamic values and left ventricular blood flow were studied using
      Sapirstein's method of 86Rb uptake in female rats 24 h after a last exposure to
      high altitude. A stimulated altitude of 1350 m was used, initial exposure being
      for 30 min, gradually increased by 30 min daily up to 330 min daily for 5 days a
      week; the total number of exposures was 32. In another animal group the hypobaric
      exposure was combined with swimming in water at 37 degrees C. In both
      experimental groups the cardiac output and stroke volume increased, and in rats
      undergoing swimming the total peripheral resistance decreased as well. In the
      rats exposed to intermittent hypoxia only, left ventricular blood flow increased
      by about the same proportion as the cardiac output. The ratio of left ventricular
      work to coronary blood flow was significantly increased. In rats exposed to the
      combined influence of hypoxia and swimming, the increase in left ventricular
      blood flow did not match either the increase in cardiac output, or the weight
      gain of the left ventricle. The ventricular work to coronary blood flow ratio was
      the same as in controls.

PMID- 689018
TI  - Comparison of the potential elastic energy stored and used by two antagonistic
      muscular groups.
AB  - The potential elastic energy stored and used by the flexors is compared to that
      of the elbow extensors in man. This comparison is made during a series of
      isolated and to-and-fro movements. The integrated EMG-work relationships are
      established for the isolated movements of flexion and extension and for the to
      and-fro movements. For a same integrated EMG value: 1. The work done by the
      flexors or the extensors during to-and-fro movements is superior to that done
      during isolated movements. 2. In comparison to isolated movements the energy
      saved in to-and-fro movements is greater in the case of the extensors than in the
      case of the flexors. It appears that: 1. The extra work supplied during to-and
      fro movements comes only from the extra positive work done after stretching. 2.
      The best performance of the extensors can be explained by the comparative study
      on the one hand of the potential elastic energy-force relationships and on the
      other hand the lever arm-elbow angle relationships for the Equivalent Flexor
      Muscle and the Equivalent Extensor Muscle.

PMID- 689019
TI  - Changes in serum creatine kinase and hexose phosphate isomerase activity with
      exercise duration.
AB  - In 18 groups of trained healthy male subjects (n = 166; age 17--42 years) the
      influence of type and duration of long-lasting exercise on the changes of
      creatine kinase (CPK) and hexose phosphate isomerase (PHI) activity in serum was
      studied. Above 65--70% of maximal aerobic capacity, a serum enzyme activity
      increase proportional to the exercise time was found with a different slope in
      each of the three exercise types examined [a) bicycle ergometer; b) ski race; c)
      impact-type exertion]. Work duration of more than 300 min induced in the third
      type of exertion an accelerated increase in serum CPK. A third degree equation
      best describes the changes in serum CPK for nine of our groups and five others
      from the literature. To ascertain the possible influence of intravascular
      hemolysis, sera were mixed with autologous erythrocyte hemolysates and enzyme
      activity measured. The findings are discussed with reference to critical aspects
      of the analytical methods, possible causes of serum enzyme changes, and possible
      use of enzyme measurements in evaluating adaptation of the organism to prolonged
      exercise.

PMID- 689020
TI  - A method for the measurement of tremor, and a comparison of the effects of
      tocolytic beta-mimetics.
AB  - A method permitting measurement of finger tremor as a displacement-time curve is
      described, using a test system with simple amplitude calibration. The coordinates
      of the inversion points of the displacement-time curves were transferred through
      graphical input equipment to punched tape. By means of a computer program,
      periods and amplitudes of tremor oscillations were calculated and classified. The
      event frequency for each class of periods and amplitudes was determined. The
      actions of fenoterol-hydrobromide, ritodrin-HCl and placebo given to 10 healthy
      subjects by intravenous infusion in a double-blind crossover study were tested by
      this method. At therapeutic doses both substances raised the mean tremor
      amplitude to about three times the control level. At the same time, the mean
      period within each class of amplitudes shortened by 10--20 ms, whereas the mean
      periods calculated from all oscillations together did not change significantly.
      After the end of fenoterol-hydrobromide infusion, tremor amplitudes decreased
      significantly faster than those following ritodrin-HCl infusion.

PMID- 689021
TI  - Heat-shock peptides in Drosophila hydei and their synthesis in vitro.

PMID- 689022
TI  - The conformation of histone H5. Isolation and characterisation of the globular
      segment.
AB  - Treatment of chicken erythrocyte histone H5 with trypsin in a high-ionic-strength
      medium results in very rapid initial digestion and the formation of a 'limiting'
      resistant product peptide. Under these solution conditions the H5 molecule is
      maximally folded by spectroscopic criteria and it is concluded that the resistant
      peptide, GH5, represents a globular folded region of the molecule whilst the
      rapidly digested parts are disordered. The peptide GH5 is shown to comprise the
      sequence 22-100. In support of this conclusion it is shown that whilst intact
      histone H5 is hydrodynamically far from being a compact globular shape, peptide
      GH5 is approximately spherical by hydrodynamic and scattering criteria. Further
      more, peptide GH5 retains all the alpha-helical structure of intact H5 (circular
      dichroism) and appears to also maintain all the tertiary structure (nuclear
      magnetic resonance). It follows that in solution at high ionic strength, histone
      H5 consists of three domains: an N-terminal disordered region 1-21, a compact
      globular central domain 22-100 and a long disordered C-terminal chain 101-185.
      Structural parallels are drawn with the three-domain structure of the histone H1
      molecule.

PMID- 689023
TI  - Self-association of human spectrin. A thermodynamic and kinetic study.

PMID- 689024
TI  - Isolation and characterization of the hemoglobin from the lanceolate fluke
      Dicrocoelium dendriticum.
AB  - The hemoglobin of the flatworm Dicrocoelium dendriticum, a lanceolate fluke which
      infests the hepatic ducts of certain mammals, has been isolated by gel filtration
      and ion-exchange chromatography. The molecular weight of the denatured protein
      was found to be 15500, a value in the same range as hemoglobin subunits. The fact
      that the native hemoglobin has an apparent molecular weight of 22000 in 0.01 M
      phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, suggests limited aggregation. The protein contains, as
      all other myoglobins and hemoglobins, one molecule of non-covalently associated
      ferroprotoporphyrin IX per polypeptide chain. It forms the same ligand
      derivatives with very similar spectral properties as vertebrate hemoglobins. The
      high oxygen affinity (p50 is 0.07--0.1 mmHg or 9.3--13.3 Pa at 20 degrees C and
      pH 7.0) and the absence of heme-heme interaction of (Hill coefficient nH=1.0) are
      properties which this heme protein shares with other monomeric hemoglobins from
      invertebrate and lower vertebrate organisms. The native hemoglobin exists in two
      forms, having isoelectric points of 4.51 and 4.53, which do not differ in their
      amino-acid compositions. Dansylation indicated that the amino-terminal amino-acid
      residue is alanine. The carboxy-terminal sequence, determined by carboxypeptidase
      A digestion of the globin, is -His-Ala-Leu.

PMID- 689025
TI  - Stability of polyadenylated RNA in differentiating myogenic cells.
AB  - Three independent methods of measurement showed that cytoplasmic polyadenylated
      RNA from the differentiating myogenic cell line L8 consists of two main
      populations with regard to stability, one with a half-life of less than 4 h and
      the other with a half-life of 17--54 h. Similar results were obtained in the
      presence and absence of actinomycin D. During the fusion of mononucleated
      myoblasts into multinucleated fibers, there was an increase in both the steady
      state pool of the more stable polyadenylated RNA and the proportion of stable
      polyadenylated RNA synthesized in pulse labelling.

PMID- 689026
TI  - The capacity of polyadenylated RNA from myogenic cells treated with actinomycin D
      to direct protein synthesis in a cell-free system.
AB  - Cytoplasmic polyadenylated RNA of myogenic cells was shown to decay with biphasic
      kinetics, suggesting the existence of two main populations of mRNA with respect
      to stability. In the present study, the stability of mRNA extracted from
      actinomycin-D-treated cultures of a myogenic cell line was tested by its capacity
      to direct protein synthesis in the wheat germ cell-free system. The products were
      analyzed by dodecylsulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. All major
      radioactive bands found in gels used for analyzing the products of the cell-free
      system directed by polyadenylated RNA extracted from untreated cultures were also
      found in similar gels containing products of RNA extracted after many hours of
      application of actinomycin D. The capacity to code for specific protein bands
      decays with a half-life ranging between 11 and 40 h. No fast-decaying
      translatable mRNA could be detected by this method. Instead, it was found that
      during the first 4--6 h following application of actinomycin D, the capacity of
      RNA to stimulate incorporation of amino acids into total acid-insoluble material
      increased by 20--30%. The synthesis of specific products increased by up to 100%.
      The possibility that the fast-decaying polyadenylated RNA or part of it is
      nontranslatable RNA is discussed.

PMID- 689027
TI  - Study of tropomyosin labelled with a fluorescent probe by pulse fluorimetry in
      polarized light. Interaction of that protein with troponin and actin.
AB  - Tropomyosin has been labelled with a fluorescent probe N-iodoacetyl-N'-(5-sulfo-1
      naphthyl)-ethylenediamine which is presumed to bind preferentially to the unique
      reactive cysteine residue of the alpha chain. Anisotropy decay measurements show
      that tropomyosin monomer and polymer are flexible molecules. This flexibility
      decreases when troponin interacts with tropomyosin, and is partially restored by
      a micromolar concentration of Ca2+.

PMID- 689028
TI  - The purification and properties of pig-liver catechol-O-methyl transferase.
AB  - A procedure utilising affinity chromatography is described for the large-scale
      purification of pig-liver catechol-O-methyl transferase. The enzyme prepared by
      this method appears to be homogeneous by polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic
      criteria and gel chromatography. It is stable for prolonged periods when stored
      at -5 degrees C in 20% (v/v) glycerol. The enzyme has a molecular weight of about
      23000 and does not appear to be a compound of subunits, or to associate to any
      appreciable degree. The pH optimum of the enzyme's activity is approximately pH
      7.1--7.4, it does not catalyse the methylation of benzimidazole and has a Km of
      0.64 mM and 0.056 mM towards 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and S-adenosyl-L
      methionine, respectively. Amino acid analysis showed the presence of five
      cysteine residues.

PMID- 689029
TI  - Enzymatic attack on immobilized substrates. 1. The alpha-chymotrypsin-catalyzed
      hydrolysis of agarose-bound L-phenylalanine 4-nitroanilide.

PMID- 689030
TI  - Enzymatic attack on immobilized substrates. 2. Diffusional limitations in the
      alpha-chymotrypsin-catalyzed hydrolysis of polyacrylamide-bound l-phenylalanine 4
      nitroanilide.
AB  - 1. The chymotrypsin-catalyzed hydrolysis of polyacrylamide-bound L-phenylalanine
      4-nitroanilide was studied. As a spacer, one or two 6-aminohexanoyl residues were
      inserted between the matrix and ligand. 2. In the course of the enzymatic
      hydrolysis of polyacrylamide-bound substrates, enzyme adsorption by the gel
      substrates was observed. A quasi equilibrium of enzyme partitioning was reached
      after approximately 20-min incubation time. The enzyme adsorption could be
      described by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. 3. The substrates attached via
      spacers to the matrix were completely hydrolyzed. 4. The initial course of the
      product vs time curves, as well as the dependence of the initial hydrolysis rates
      on enzyme concentration or substrate concentration, have been interpreted by the
      Nernst reaction theory. From the results obtained it has been concluded that the
      inital rate of the hydrolysis of polyacrylamide-bound L-phenylalanine 4
      nitroanilide depends on the velocity of enzyme diffusion into the matrix.

PMID- 689031
TI  - Immobilization of reticulocyte elongation factor EF-2.
AB  - Conditions are described whereby the ADP-ribosylation (from NAD+) of reticulocyte
      elongation factor EF-2, catalyzed by diphtheria toxin, is essentially complete
      and whereby the reverse of this process may be carried out with recovery of 60-
      70% of the original EF-2 activity. Both reactions proceed well at room
      temperature. The reverse reaction is much slower than the ADP-ribosylation
      process and requires high nicotinamide concentrations. For the reverse reaction
      to occur at a significant rate it is necessary to lower the pH to 6.5 (from the
      7.5 used for the forward reaction). NAD+ covalently linked to agarose may replace
      NAD+ in the diphtheria toxin reaction. The characteristics of this reaction are
      similar to those of the reaction employing free NAD+ except that the velocity is
      reduced and the concentration of NAD+ moieties greatly increased. NAD+
      immobilized on agarose through the C-8 of the adenine ring is a superior
      substrate compared with NAD+ linked to agarose via its periodate-oxidized ribose
      moieties. Preliminary experiments indicate that reversal of this latter reaction
      with recovery of biological activity may be possible.

PMID- 689032
TI  - Alanine metabolism in rat liver mitochondria.

PMID- 689033
TI  - Pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis and turnover in rat skeletal muscle and liver.

PMID- 689034
TI  - Incorporation rates of [1-14C]glycerol into the molecular species of alkyl ether
      phospholipids of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells in vivo.
AB  - [1-14C]Glycerol was injected into the peritoneal cavity of mice bearing Ehrlich
      ascites tumor cells and the lipids were extracted from the cells after selected
      periods. 1-O-Alkyl-2-acyl-3-acetyl-glycerols and 1,2-diacyl-3-acetylglycerols
      were prepared from the ethanolamine and choline phosphoglycerides and
      fractionated by AgNO3-impregnated thin-layer chromatography into seven molecular
      species. Bands 1--7 obtained in this way can be designed as saturated, monoene,
      diene (11), diene (02), triene, tetraene and pentaene + hexaene species,
      respectively. Band 7, composed mainly of hexaene species, was predominant among
      those derived from ether phospholipids. The predominant species was band 4
      (saturated/linoleate) in both diacyl ethanolamine and choline phospholipids. The
      specific radioactivities of the fractionated species were determined. In diacyl
      or alkyl ether compounds of ethanolamine and choline phosphoglycerides,
      disaturated species turned over very rapidly, while in alkyl ether ethanolamine
      phosphglyceride, hexaene + pentaene molecular species turned over rapidly. In
      diacyl compounds of the ethanolamine phosphoglyceride, hexaene molecular species
      also turned over at a high rate. In diacyl ethanolamine or choline
      phosphoglycerides, dienoic species turned over rather slowly.

PMID- 689035
TI  - Evidence for multiple reactive forms of papain.
AB  - The pH-dependence of the second-order rate constants of acylation and alkylation
      reactions of the -SH group of papain were determined by using neutral and charged
      reactants under identical conditions. From these pH rate profiles, in contrast to
      previous claims, different pKa values were obtained with different groups of
      reactants. In the case of charged reactants, like chloroacetate (pKa = 3.6) and
      arginine derivatives (pKa = 4.3), the pKa differences can be attributed to
      electrostatic effects. However, the fact that a pKa of 3.25 was found with methyl
      and ethyl bromoacetate, and a pKa of 4.0 was obtained with bromoacetamide and a
      number of neutral substrates, is inconsistent with the theories put forth
      hitherto for the meaning of such pKa values, because they all consider only one
      reactive enzyme form. The different pKa values obtained here with neutral
      reactants are explained in terms of various reactive papain forms. The
      perturbation of pKa by electrostatic effects was examined by reacting simple
      thiol compounds containing different charges, like 2-mercaptoacetate, 2
      mercaptoethylamine, 2-mercaptoethanol and glutathione, with the neutral
      chloroacetamide and with the negatively charged chloroacetate. Differences in pKa
      can be interpreted in terms of intramolecular and intermolecular electrostatic
      interactions.

PMID- 689036
TI  - Lipid-bound oligosaccharides in insects.
AB  - Membrane preparations from immature stages of the fruit fly Ceratitis capitata
      catalyze the transfer of mannose from GDP-[14C]mannose into lipid-linked
      oligosaccharides. These compounds behave as polyprenyl derivatives and their
      formation is stimulated by the addition of an acidic glycolipid fraction isolated
      from insects. The mannose-labeled oligosaccharides are attached to the poly
      isoprenol by a pyrophosphoryl linkage and can be released by mild acid
      hydrolysis. The trisaccharide lipid has been partially characterized. The results
      indicate that the compound is polyprenyl-pyrophosphate-N,N'-diacetylchitobiose
      mannose. Incubation of dolichyl phosphate [14C]mannose or lower 14C-labeled
      oligosaccharide lipids with unlabeled GDP-mannose and the insect enzyme leads to
      the labeling of a higher lipid-bound oligosaccharide. When UDP-N
      acetyl[14C]glucosamine was incubated with insect membranes a 14C-labeled
      chitobiosyl lipid was synthesized. If unlabeled GDP-mannose was also present, the
      14C label appeared in the trisaccharide and higher oligosaccharide lipids.
      Preliminary evidence indicates that the insect polyprenyl oligosaccharides
      described here might participate in glycoprotein biosynthesis.

PMID- 689037
TI  - Interaction of human blood platelets with the 2',3'-dialdehyde and 2',3'
      dialcohol derivatives of adenosine 5'-diphosphate and adenosine 5'-triphosphate.
AB  - 1. The 2',3'-dialdehyde derivative of ADP (oADP) at concentrations approaching
      the millimolar range induces human blood platelets to undergo the transition from
      discoid to globular morphology (the 'shape change') but is incapable of inducing
      aggregation. 2. When incubated with platelets for 1 min before addition of the
      agonist, oADP acts as a competitive inhibitor of shape change and aggregation
      induced by ADP. Under these conditions secretion and hence aggregation induced by
      low concentrations of collagen; and secretion and hence secondary aggregation
      induced by adrenaline, thrombin and vasopressin are also inhibited by this
      analogue. In addition, oADP stimulates the rate of primary aggregation induced by
      adrenaline and causes partial inhibition of primary aggregation induced by
      thrombin or vasopressin. When longer preincubation times are employed the extent
      of inhibition with respect to all agonists, except for high concentrations of
      collagen, is increased and the competitive character of the inhibition with
      respect to ADP is no longer apparent. 3. Incubation of human platelets with the
      2',3'-dialdehyde derivative of ATP (oATP) causes effects similar to those
      described for oADP except that the analogue neither induces platelet shape
      change, nor stimulates the rate of primary aggregation induced by adrenaline. In
      addition oATP fails to cause significant inhibition of platelet shape change
      induced by serotonin. The extent and character of inhibition caused by addition
      of oATP is not a function of the time of incubation. 4. The 2',3'-dialcohol
      derivatives of ADP and ATP and orATP) effect the aggregation properties of human
      blood platelets in a manner generally resembling those observed for the 2',3'
      dialdehyde analogues. However, orADP is only weakly effective in causing platelet
      shape change and stimulating the rate of primary aggregation induced by
      adrenaline and does not inhibit secretion induced by adrenaline, collagen,
      thrombin and vasopressin. The extent of inhibition by orADP increases only
      slightly with increased time of incubation. 5. The data suggest that oADP acts as
      a partial agonist, and oATP as an antagonist, at the platelet ADP receptor, but
      that platelet membrane stabilisation also results from interaction with these
      dialdehyde analogues. Such membrane stabilisation does not complicate the
      interaction of platelets with orADP, which appears to act as a classical
      antagonist for the ADP receptor.

PMID- 689038
TI  - Phosphorylase b covalently bound to glycogen: properties of the complex.
AB  - Rabbit skeletal muscle glycogen phosphorylase b was covalently bound to oyster
      glycogen by means of cyanogen bromide. Removal of the unbound enzyme was
      achieved, using DEAE-Sephadex A-50 chromatography. Glycogen-bound phosphorylase b
      showed a higher affinity toward glucose 1-phosphate but a lower homotropic
      cooperativity, with respect to AMP activation, than the native enzyme. However,
      at low AMP concentrations conjugated phosphorylase b was as efficient as the free
      enzyme. It is of interest that glycogen-bound phosphorylase b exhibited catalytic
      activity upon its polysaccharide carrier. Kinetics of heat and cold inactivation
      indicated that the bound enzyme was considerably more resistant toward heat
      inactivation but less stable upon exposure to cold. It was shown also that both
      conjugated and native enzymes had identical pH optima, similar
      activity/temperature dependencies and the same resistance against trypsin
      inactivation.

PMID- 689039
TI  - Presence of non-histone proteins in nucleosomes.
AB  - It has been established that nucleosomes are made of histones and DNA fragments.
      The purpose of this work to establish whether some non-histone proteins are also
      present in these chromatin subunits. We have found that nucleosome preparations
      contain phosphorylated non-histone proteins and protein kinases by sucrose
      gradient analysis. In order to establish whether these proteins are actually
      bound to nucleosomes or if they represent unbound or aggregated proteins, the
      following experiments were performed. (a) Free non-histone proteins and proteins
      released from chromatin by DNase overdigestion were analyzed by sucrose gradient
      centrifugation. No phosphoproteins but some phosvitin kinase activity was found
      in the part of the gradient which contained the nucleosomes. It could be assumed
      that part of the phosphoproteins are bound to nucleosomes. (b) A digestion of
      nucleosomes with DNase I suppressed the phosvitin kinase activity in the 11-S
      region of the gradient. (c) High ionic strength, which extracted non-histone
      proteins, suppressed the phosvitin kinase activity in the nucleosome region. Part
      of phosvitin kinase and of nuclear phosphoproteins are therefore bound to
      nucleosomes and are released by nuclease digestion and by high ionic strength.

PMID- 689040
TI  - Ribosomal genes in Physarum polycephalum:  transcribed and non-transcribed
      sequences have similar base compositions.
AB  - The transcribed and non-transcribed sequences in Physarum polycephalum ribosomal
      DNA (rDNA) were separated by restriction nuclease digestion of pure rDNA and the
      products fractionated by zone sedimentation in sucrose gradients. The base
      compositions of the fragments were determined by analytical centrifugation in
      CsCl or in CsCl with netropsin. All the fragments had dA + dT contents in the
      range 44-48%. From the known sequence arrangement and transcription pattern of
      Physarum rDNA it was concluded that coding sequences, transcribed but non-coding
      sequences, and non-transcribed sequences all possess similar base compositions,
      contrary to the situation in many other systems. The thermal denaturation profile
      of Physarum rDNA is reported. It suggests the rDNA sequence is complex and
      supports the above conclusion of limited heterogeneity of base composition.

PMID- 689041
TI  - [Biosynthesis of dolichol phosphate mannose in the mitochondrial outer membrane
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 689042
TI  - Role of virus for the induction of myasthenia gravis.
AB  - Virus has been suggested as an etiological agent in myasthenia gravis. In this
      investigation 36 patients with the clinical diagnosis of myasthenia gravis were
      tested for antibodies against ornithosis, mycoplasma pneumoniae and 16 viral
      antigens. Rabbits with experimentally induced autoimmune myasthenia gravis were
      similarly tested. There was no overall correlation to any microorganism, which
      might have suggested the involvement of a viral infection in the pathogenesis of
      the disease. Neither was there any difference in incidence of antibodies in
      female patients carrying the HLA B8 antigen, an antigen which is associated with
      myasthenia gravis, as compared to HLA B8 negative individuals.

PMID- 689043
TI  - Inclusion encephalitis evolving concomitantly with a cerebellar tumor in a child.

PMID- 689044
TI  - Cerebrovascular permeability in acute arterial hypertension. Effect of unilateral
      ligation of the common carotid artery.
AB  - Ligation of the right common carotid artery prevented protein extravasation in
      the homolateral cerebral hemisphere when a blood pressure increase was induced by
      bicuculline or amphetamine. In addition to a blood pressure increase these two
      drugs induce a vasodilatation, which makes the resistance vessels particularly
      vulnerable to the mechanical stress of high intravascular pressure. The ratio
      between the mean arterial blood pressure in the femoral artery and the carotid
      artery distal to the ligation was approximately 0.5; slightly higher after than
      prior to the pressure increase.

PMID- 689045
TI  - Origin and localization of Evans blue extravasations in acutely-induced
      hypertension in cats.
AB  - An intravital-microscopic study on cat pial vessels for the localization of Evans
      blue extravasation during acute hypertension was performed. The onset of
      extravasation was seen 10 sec to 2 min after the beginning of hypertension. The
      localization of initial extravasation turned out to be little venules, not
      arterioles. Venular congestion by an overload of venous outflow seemed to be the
      origin of extravasation.

PMID- 689046
TI  - Influences of phasic changes in systemic blood pressure on intracranial pressure.
AB  - In acute experiments on lambs, the effects of short-lasting induced modifications
      in arterial and venous systemic blood pressure on intracranial pressure have been
      studied. Haemodynamic changes have been provoked by increasing the cardiac venous
      return, by increasing or decreasing the arterial resistance and by stimulating
      the vagus nerve. Intracranial pressure modifications have been demonstrated to
      depend essentially on arterial influences. A direct venous influence is apparent
      only when the central venous pressure is increased, as occurs in the case of
      increased venous cardiac return.

PMID- 689047
TI  - Frontal dynamic thermometry. Improvement in diagnosis of carotid stenosis.
AB  - This new method of frontal thermometry is based on a recording of the spontaneous
      reheating curve of the skin after cooling it to 25 degrees C. In cases of carotid
      stenosis, a thermal asymmetry of one of the three following kinds can be
      observed: thermal asymmetry from the start; asymmetry only during the reheating,
      or asymmetry during reheating and remaining afterwards. The reduction of the
      blood flow and a vaso-motor factor explain this asymmetry. This method allows
      better detection of clinical latent carotid stenosis.

PMID- 689048
TI  - Atypical juvenile neurolipidosis. Ultrastructural study of a cerebral biopsy.
AB  - The description is given of a structural and ultrastructural aspect of a cerebral
      biopsy specimen collected from a 17-year-old patient, with very frequent
      convulsive seizures, dementia, motor aphasia and spastic tetraparesis. The
      disease started at the age of 9 years and evolved very slowly. The morphologic
      diagnosis was neurolopidosis, the ultrastructural one was atypical juvenile
      lipofuscinosis, the electron microscopic aspect being identical to that of
      another 3 cases published in the literature: highly polymorphous
      membranogranulovesicular cytosomes.

PMID- 689049
TI  - Pneumatosis cystoides coli recurs after oxygen treatment. A clue to the
      pathogenesis?
AB  - Two patients with pneumatosis cystoides coli associated with chronic pulmonary
      disease are described. In both patients, cysts and symptoms recurred after
      successful treatment with O2. Both patients had exceptionally high expiratory H2
      fasting values. On the basis of these and other observations a new hypothesis is
      proposed for the pathogenesis of the cysts and for their frequent association
      with chronic pulmonary disease. It is suggested that the cysts result from
      excessive colonic gas production in a patient unable to excrete this excess gas
      via the lungs.

PMID- 689050
TI  - Cellulr restitution after 3 h of complete tourniquet ischemia.
AB  - The refinement of techniques for extremity surgery makes it urgent to get more
      information at cell level of the effects of tourniquet times exceeding the
      usually accepted 90--120 min. Therefore, in the present experiments, the cellular
      metabolic and functional restitution of canine skeletal muscle after 3 h of
      complete tourniquet ischemia was studied. During the ischemia and after
      recirculation, repeated skeletal muscle samples were taken for ATP, CP and
      lactate analyses. At the same time periods, blood from a regional vein and vena
      cava was drawn for pH, pyruvate and lactate analyses. Cellular function was
      evaluated from repeated measurements of transmembrane potentials. The tourniquet
      ischemia resulted in a rapid decrease of CP to 40% of the initial level within 1
      h and a continuous decrease of ATP. The lactate levels increased continuously.
      The transmembrane potentials decreased from an initial level of --90 to --54 mV.
      The release of the tourniquet resulted in a hyperemic reaction and a rapid regain
      of tissue CP and ATP levels within 5 min of recirculation. There was a continuous
      washout of lactate up to about 1 h after the release and the transmembrane
      potentials were normalized after about the same time period. The latter
      parameters indicate that areas of no-reflow persisted for up to 1 h after
      restored circulation. The results indicate that after a 3-hour tourniquet
      ischema, the cellular energy metabolism as well as the membrane function are
      completely normalized after about 1 h of recirculation.

PMID- 689051
TI  - Distribution of microspheres with different diameters in the small bowel wall of
      the cat.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to investigate the distribution in the small
      bowel wall of intracardially injected microspheres with different diameters, and
      to find a sphere size that could be used for determination of blood flow to the
      different layers of the bowel wall. Microspheres were injected into the left
      ventricle of the hearts of cats in the following order of succession, 8--10, 15
      +/- 5, 25 +/- 5 and 50 +/- 5 micrometer. Samples of the proximal part of the
      jejunum and the distal part of the ileum were examined microscopically, and the
      size and the location of the spheres recorded. The following distribution of the
      microspheres was found: villi 6--16 micrometer, crypt layer 6--20 micrometer,
      propria below the crypts and the muscularis mucosa 11--24 micrometer, submucosa 9
      -66 micrometer and muscularis 6--30 micrometer. Spheres between 8 and 13
      micrometer appeared to be fairly uniformly distributed in the different layers of
      the intestinal wall.

PMID- 689052
TI  - Regional and central hemodyanamics during segmental ischemia of the small
      intestine in the rat.
AB  - The influence of segmental small intestinal ischemia on the central circulation
      and on the regional blood flow to consecutive segments of the small intestine in
      the rat was investigated with the microscphere method. Ischemia was established
      by ligating 11 arterial mesenteric end arcades, corresponding to one quarter of
      the total length of the small intestine. The blood supply to different organs and
      central circulatory variables were determined before, and 10 min, 30 min, 2 h and
      14 days after the establishment of the ischemia. After 10 min of ischemia, there
      was an increase of the blood flow to the segments distal to the ischemic region
      but after 30 min, this blood flow was the same as the control flow. The central
      circulatory variables weere not affected. After 2 h of ischemia, the blood supply
      to both the ischemic and the non-ischemic part of the small intestine had
      deteriorated considerably. Thus, the vascular resistance in the ischemic segments
      and the segments surrounding it was increased. Cardiac output was reduced by
      about 50%. In the experimental group investigated 14 days after establishment of
      the ischemia, the mortality rate was about 50%. In the survivors, the intestinal
      blood supply had returned to normal.

PMID- 689053
TI  - Propulsion and mixing of small bowel contents after laparotomy in rat.
AB  - Radioactive test substances were infused slowly into the duodenum of conscious
      rats via a permanent catheter starting 2, 12 and 24 h after a standardized
      laparotomy. Two differently labelled but otherwise identical test substances were
      used. The first test substance (125I-PVP) was infused for 4 h, the second (131I
      PVP) for the remaining 1 h of the 5-hour infusion period. Immediately after the
      infusion the animals were killed, and the radioactivity emanating from each
      isotope was recorded from the excised bowel specimen. The bowel length passed by
      the border zone and the degree of overlap between the labels in this zone were
      taken as measures of propulsion and mixing, respectively. Propulsion and mixing
      were uninfluenced by laparotomy as measured 2--17, 12--17 and 24--29 h after
      laparotomy. The present findings indicate that laparotomy is not followed by a
      disturbance in the capability of the small bowel to transport and mix chyme, at
      least when no high demands with respect to chyme volume are required.

PMID- 689054
TI  - Accelerated healing of gastric ulcer after removal of the greater omentum in
      rats.
AB  - Standardized ulcers were produced in rats by local application of acetic acid to
      the serosal surface of the stomach. Ulcers induced at the lesser curvature, the
      greater curvature or the posterior wall were found to be of similar size after 2
      and 4 weeks. In a group of animals the greater omentum was excised just before
      the application of acid. Omentectomized animals and control animals were examined
      24 h, 1, 3 and 6 weeks after ulcer induction. In omentectomized animals, the
      ulcers were usually healed or very small after 3 and 6 weeks, while in the
      control animals most of the ulcers were still large. It is concluded that
      omentectomy leads to a marked acceleration in the healing of gastric ulcers in
      rats.

PMID- 689055
TI  - In vitro effects of oestrogen on testosterone metabolism by human breast cancers.

PMID- 689056
TI  - Failure of neuraminidase treatment to influence tumorigenicity or immunogenicity
      of syngeneically transplanted rat tumour cells.

PMID- 689057
TI  - Intravenous BCG therapy of mammary carcinoma in bitches after surgical excision
      of the primary tumour.

PMID- 689058
TI  - Prognostic factors in malignant germ cell tumors of the ovary in children
      excluding pure dysgerminoma.

PMID- 689060
TI  - Tetralogy of Fallot. Occlusion of the ventricular septal defect due to accessory
      tricuspid valve leaflet and an associated membranous aneurysm.
AB  - A unique case of tetralogy of Fallot is presented in a 3 7/12-yr-old white
      female. At surgical repair, a ventricular septal defect smaller than usual was
      demonstrated in the usual infracristal position. The ventricular septal defect
      was partially obstructed from the right side of the ventricular septum by
      adherence of an accessory tricuspid leaflet. An associated membranous aneurysm,
      presumably acquired, was occluding the ventricular septal defect at its outlet
      almost completely. The literature has been reviewed and the pathophysiology of
      this lesion is discussed, underlining the nature and plausible development of the
      membranous aneurysm.

PMID- 689059
TI  - The calcium paradox: metabolic, electrophysiological, contractile and
      ultrastructural characteristics in four species.
AB  - The effect of transient depletion and repletion of calcium upon the
      electrophysiological activity, contractile activity, coronary flow, tissue energy
      metabolism and the cellular leakage of metabolites and creatine kinase has been
      characterized in the rat heart and now has been compared with the mouse, guinea
      pig and rabbit heart. The sudden and massive damage (the calcium paradox) which
      occurred in the rat was observed in all species studied. While fine differences
      between species were detectable, the basic principles and damaging effects of
      sudden transmembrane calcium fluxes would appear to be common to all species.

PMID- 689061
TI  - Use of electromagnetic flow probes to assess myocardial performance in man.
AB  - Aortic blood flow was measured in 14 patients by means of an electromagnetic flow
      probe placed around the ascending aorta during cardiac surgery. High fidelity
      left ventricular pressure was monitored directly, 8 different indices of left
      ventricular function were derived from these measurements, and compared. Peak
      aortic blood flow correlated with the conventional indices of left ventricular
      function derived from left ventricular pressure, but better correlations were
      obtained for the maximum rate of change of power with respect to time. The
      clinical advantage of the derivation of this index is small and for clinical
      purposes peak aortic blood flow and the maximum rate of change of flow provide
      indices of myocardial performance which are directly available from the
      instrument.

PMID- 689062
TI  - Congenital absence of the right superior vena cava: report of two cases.
AB  - Absence of the right superior vena cava with persistence of the left superior
      vena cava is an uncommon cardiac malformation. 2 patients with this anomaly are
      presented, and the importance of recognizing this condition is emphasized.
      Although associated with other cardiac malformations, there is no characteristic
      type.

PMID- 689063
TI  - Effects of acute ethanol on the contractile state of normal and failing cat
      papillary muscles.
AB  - The direct effects of 100, 300 and 500 mg/100 ml ethanol on contractility of
      isolated, supported right ventricular papillary muscles were evaluated from 10
      normal or failing cat hearts. In isometrically contracting muscles, 500 mg%
      ethanol decreased maximum tension in normal and failing hearts from 7.1 to 4.3
      g/mm2 (P less than 0.001) and 3.4 to 2.3 (P less than 0.01) respectively, and
      lowered maximum tension rise from 30.4 to 20.2 g/mm2/sec (P less than 0.001) and
      10.2 to 0.8 (P less than 0.01), without alterations of time to peak tension. In
      isotonically contracting muscles, 500 mg% ethanol reduced contractile element
      velocity at 0.5 g/mm2 load in normal and failing ventricles from 1.27 to 0.97
      L/sec (P less than 0.001) and 0.59 to 0.39 (P less than 0.001) respectively.
      Thus, clinically meaningful doses of ethanol clearly, exerted dose-related
      negative inotropic actions on both normal and failing myocardium, thereby
      indicating that ethanol ingestion may exacerbate heart failure in diseased
      hearts.

PMID- 689064
TI  - Effect of beta-blockade by metoprolol on global and regional left ventricular
      myocardial perfusion in coronary heart disease.
AB  - Utilizing semiselective 133Xenon injections and gamma camera recording, global
      and regional left ventricular myocardial perfusion were recorded under the
      influence of beta-blockade by metoprolol in 9 patients with angiographically
      proven coronary artery disease. Metoprolol reduced the rate--pressure variable in
      every patient, the mean reduction amounting to 24% (P less than 0.01). With one
      exception, the global left ventricular myocardial flow followed the change in the
      rate-pressure variable. No significant differences were detected in the flow
      responses of areas distal to only moderate coronary obstructions (less than 75%)
      and areas distal to significant (less than 75%) obstructions. The same was true
      when areas of asynergic contractions were compared with areas of normal
      contractions, or when areas supplied by collaterals were compared with areas
      devoid of collateral vessels. It is concluded that the reduction in myocardial
      flow after metoprolol is due to the reduction of the myocardial oxygen
      consumption, and no redistribution of flow occurs.

PMID- 689065
TI  - Mechanical failure causing current leakage with unipolar pacemakers: significance
      and detection.
AB  - Pacemaker malfunction caused by mechanical failure at the site of electrode
      generator connection has been observed in 5 patients fitted with unipolar
      pacemakers. Intermittent failure to capture occurred in one patient. The fault
      was the same in each case and resulted from fracture of a plastic screw designed
      to hold an insulating cap in place over the electrode generator connection.
      Changes in impulse amplitude, relative pacing threshold, and distortion of the
      shape of the pacemaker impulse (overshoot of the leading and trailing limbs and
      prolongation of the plateau length) occurred in each case, and are helpful in
      making the diagnosis. In contrast no significant change occurred in the frontal
      plane axis of the pacemaker impulse. It is concluded that current leaks in
      unipolar pacemakers can be of sufficient magnitude to cause failure to capture.
      Early detection is important and is best achieved by examination of the pacemaker
      signal for amplitude and shape, and assessment of pacing threshold where
      possible.

PMID- 689066
TI  - Side-effects of mexiletene.

PMID- 689067
TI  - Research design in heart surgery.

PMID- 689068
TI  - Ambulatory ECG monitoring and bicycle ergometry: correlation with findings on
      coronary arteriography.
AB  - Ambulatory ECG monitoring during everyday activities (AEM) and a multistage
      submaximal bicycle ergometric test (BET) was performed on a series of 48 patients
      suffering from precordial symptoms or pain. The results of these tests were
      compared with the results of coronary arteriography. In 20 subjects with a
      negative AEM and BET the coronary arteriography was normal in 18, moderately
      pathological (30-60% narrowing) in 1, and severely pathological (greater than 60%
      narrowing) in another. In 23 subjects in whom both AEM and BET disclosed ST-T
      alterations, 20 had severely pathological and 1 moderately pathological coronary
      arteriograms; normal coronary arteries were found in only 2 subjects. Only 5 of
      the total of 48 patients of the series showed a discrepancy between the results
      of AEM and BET. The findings on coronary arteriography confirmed that patients
      with a normal AEM and BET have a very high probability of having normal coronary
      arteries, while if both tests are positive the patient will most likely have
      advanced coronary pathology. When the two tests were concordant, the number of
      false positive and false negative results were slightly less than if ergometry
      was performed alone. Although AEM does not provide the quantitative aspect of
      effort testing, it does have the advantage of avoiding the risk of unusual
      physical effort for the patient.

PMID- 689070
TI  - Electrophysiologic testing in patients with sinus pauses and/or sinoatrial exit
      block.
AB  - 28 symptomatic patients with documented episodes of sinus pauses and/or
      sinoatrial exit block underwent electrophysiologic study. Abnormal responses to
      electrophysiologic testing were observed in 23/28 patients (82%). Abnormal
      prolongation of the maximum sinus node recovery time (SNRT max) occurred in 17/28
      (61%) patients, of postpacing cycles 2.10 (secondary pauses) occurred in 21/28
      (75%), and of estimated sinoatrial conduction time occured in 15/28 (54%). The
      incidence of abnormal responses to rapid atrial pacing (prolonged SNRT max or
      secondary pauses) (22/28, 79%) was higher than the incidence of abnormal
      responses to premature atrial stimulation (15/28, 54%) (P less than 0.005). Life
      threatening cardiac arrhythmias were observed, prior to electrophysiologic study,
      in 5 out of 28 (18%) patients. Symptomatic patients with sinus pauses and/or
      sinoatrial exit block frequently (23/28, 82%) showed abnormal responses to
      electrophysiologic testing and have a relatively high incidence of life
      threatening arrhythmias.

PMID- 689069
TI  - The straddling mitral valve: morphological observations and clinical
      implications.
AB  - The morphological features of 23 patients with straddling or overriding mitral
      valve are presented. Levocardia was present in 20 of 23; visceroatrial situs
      solitisu in 20 of 23, with 3 patients, 2 with asplenia and 1 with polysplenia,
      having visceral heterotaxia. A concordant D-ventricular loop was present in the
      20 patients with visceroatrial situs solitus. Six of these had double outlet
      right ventricle; 2 had asplenia syndrome; 1 had D-transposition of the great
      arteries, ventricular defect and pulmonary atresia; 1 with tricuspid atresia and
      double outlet-outlet chamber; 1 with polysplenia syndrome; and 12 had endocardial
      cushion defect with marked underdevelopment of the left ventricle, and normally
      related great arteries. Left ventricular size was related to the amount of mitral
      valve (or left-sided component of a common atrioventricular valve) connected to
      it. In those patients in whom little effective mitral orifice was connected to
      the left ventricle, the left ventricle was diminutive. Endocardial fibroelastosis
      of the left ventricle was noted in only a single patient. Six of the 7 patients
      with double outlet right ventricle (including one with double outlet bulbus) had
      subpulmonary obstruction, and in one of these, this was related in part to the
      straddling mitral valve. In 1 patient with double outlet right ventricle, there
      was a double orifice mitral valve, and it was the accessory mitral orifice that
      straddled. The diagnosis of overriding mitral valve should be suspected in any
      patient with significant conotruncal anomalies and underdeveloped left ventricle,
      especially the patient with double outlet right ventricle, and in the patient
      with endocardial cushion defect, hypoplasia of the left ventricle, and
      obstructive anomalies of the aortic arch. In certain patients, selective left
      atriography, left ventriculography, and single and two dimensional
      echocardiography may be diagnostic of this condition.

PMID- 689071
TI  - Dynamic ventriculography with K-strophantin.
AB  - Dynamic ventriculography, before and after K-strophantin, was performed in 14
      patients with coronary artery disease. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of
      hemodynamic and angiographic data has been assessed. Digitalis was found to have
      different action on asynergic areas--that is improvement in some areas and
      worsening in others--and little or no action on normokynetic areas. After
      administration of K-strophantin (0.008 mg/kg), 54% of the examined asynergic
      zones improved their segmental systolic shortening while 34% worsened or appeared
      diskynetic. Improvement of asynergic zones could be related to the presence of
      viable myocardium, while paradoxical systolic motion would suggest the presence
      of frank fibrosis. Therefore 2 different behaviors of global ventricular function
      were observed in CAD patients. When ventricular function improves, the values of
      ejection fraction at midejection show that the improvement is obtained mostly in
      the first half of ejection. Since heart rate was fixed, enddiastolic volume
      unchanged and left ventricular systolic pressure increased, it seems likely that
      the observed changes could be due to a direct inotropic effect of K-strophantin.
      The author's opinion is that 'strophantin test' could be useful to test whether
      ventricular function would be enhanced using maintenance digitalis therapy in CAD
      patients and to determine residual contractile reserve; in addition potential
      worsening of ejection fraction can be elicited and then a more complete pattern
      of ventricular function can be provided.

PMID- 689072
TI  - Twelfth Edgar Mannheimer lecture. Competition between aortic isthmus and ductus
      arteriosus; reciprocal influence of structure and flow.
AB  - The family of juxtaductal coarctation includes pseudocoarctation, local stenosis
      and hypoplasia, atresia or interruption of aortic arch or isthmus. The cause is
      usually VSD with LV outflow obstruction. Abnormal length of the preductal aorta
      is characteristic. VSD closure makes infantile hypoplasia evolve into adult
      stenosis, sometimes before  birth. Normal subclavian 'migration' is interrupted
      in 2 out of 3 cases. So-called typical coarctation is either stenosis of the
      isthmic orifice or the isthmus in toto. Ductus wall tissue radiates too far into
      the descending aortic wall. Juxtaductal coarctation is displaced from a pre- into
      a postductal position by flow and secondary tissue formation. A straddling ductus
      does not straddle the stenosis but a circular fold in the descending aortic wall,
      caused by ductus tissue. Patent ductus arteriosus is too frequent a complication,
      prolonged as well as persistent. Ductus closure causes loss of femoral pulse
      pressure in different ways. Infantile hypoplasia is treated by promoting its
      development into adult stenosis, then resection.

PMID- 689073
TI  - Effect of verapamil on coronary hemodynamics in patients with coronary heart
      disease.
AB  - The effect of verapamil (Isoptin) on coronary hemodynamics was studied in 18
      patients with coronary heart disease. The continuous infusion thermodilution
      technique was used to measure cardiac venous blood flow. At rest, verapamil
      produced a 13% decrease in coronary arteriolar resistance, a 5% decrease in
      coronary arteriovenous oxygen difference and a 19% increase in left ventricular
      efficiency index. No significant effect was noted on myocardial blood flow,
      oxygen consumption or oxygen consumption per unit of left ventricular pressure
      work. No change occurred in any of the measured parameters during a submaximal
      stress test after drug administration. The findings are discussed in relation to
      the general hemodynamic effects of the drug. It is concluded that verapamil is a
      mild coronary vasodilator and that myocardial oxygen consumption, in relation to
      performed left ventricular work, is unaltered by the drug up to a near-maximal
      work-load.

PMID- 689074
TI  - Primary in vitro antibody formation in the rat: partial characterization and
      properties of an inhibitor cell present in normal spleen.
AB  - Rat spleen cells are shown to be unresponsive to sheep red cells (SRBC) in vitro
      under conditions in which thoracic duct lymphocytes (TDL) respond very well. By
      adding unresponsive spleen cells to responsive TDL cultures, the spleen cells are
      shown to contain an inhibitor capable of preventing the response to SRBC. The
      inhibitory activity is a property of live cells; it is sensitive to radiation
      doses as low as 100 R x rays and to mitomycin C. It can be completely removed
      from spleen cell suspensions by extraction with large amounts of carbonyl iron or
      by filtration through nylon wool columns. It is less efficiently removed by
      filtration through Sephades G-10 columns, and is completely resistant to the
      cytotoxic effects of silica. From a practical point of view, extraction of a
      spleen cell suspension with carbonyl iron is a useful method of obtaining fully
      responsive lymphocyte populations from rat spleen.

PMID- 689075
TI  - Analysis of the diversity of murine antibodies to dextran B1355. III. Idiotypic
      and spectrotypic correlations.
AB  - Examination of 19 S and 7 S anti-alpha(1 leads to 3) dextran (Dex) antibodies by
      serological assays and isoelectric focusing (IEF) has revealed substantial
      variation of idiotypic and spectrotypic expression between individuals of the
      same genotype. 7 S antibodies appeared to be more heterogeneous than 19 S by both
      methods. A strong, but complex, association was found between the IEF patterns of
      19 S and 7 S anti-Dex antibodies and their expression of the idiotypic
      determinant(s) common to both the M104 and J558 dextran-binding myeloma proteins.
      However, no such relationship was found between the IEF pattern and the
      expression of idiotypic determinant(s) unique to the M104 myeloma protein.
      Rather, indistinguishable spectrotypes from different individuals have widely
      differing levels of expression of the determinant. In addition, this
      determinant(s) may be present on different spectrotypes of the same isotype. Both
      the M104 and J558-specific idiotypes were found on antibodies of the IgG3
      subclass as well as in pools containing predominantly the IgG2a subclass. These
      data confirm and extend the picture of substantial structural variation among the
      antibodies comprising a response of restricted heterogeneity.

PMID- 689076
TI  - Immunoglobulins with hapten-binding activity: structure-function correlations and
      genetic implications.

PMID- 689077
TI  - Microinjection of kainic acid into the rat hippocampus.
AB  - The effects of unilateral injection of kainic acid into the rate hippocampus have
      been examined in terms of morphologic, neurochemical and behavioral sequelae.
      Infusion of 10 nmoles if kainate causes a rapid and complete degeneration of
      neuronal perikarya in the entire hippocampal formation followed by gliosis and
      atrophy of the region. This unilateral neuronal loss is accompanied by a 50%
      decrease in the specific activity of the biochemical markers for GABAergic
      neurons including glutamic acid decarboxylase, endogenous GABA and synaptosomal
      uptake of [3H]GABA. The extrinsic hippocampal cholinergic and noradrenergic
      afferents also exhibit significant alteration. Although the specific activity of
      choline acetyltransferase is unaffected and the specific activity of tyrosine
      hydroxylase is significantly increased in the injected hippocampus, the
      synaptosomal high affinity uptake process for [3H]choline and [3H]norepinephrine
      are significantly reduced at 10 days after injection. Whereas the level of
      endogenous acetylcholine is elevated in the lesioned hippocampus at 2 days after
      injection, the level of endogenous norepinephrine is reduced. For several hours
      after intrahippocampal injections of 5 nmoles or more of kainate, rats exhibit
      epileptiform behavior. Intrahippocampal injection of kainate may be a useful
      rodent model for temporal lobe seizure disorders.

PMID- 689078
TI  - The effects of elevating gamma-amino butyrate content in the substantia nigra on
      the behaviour of rats.
AB  - Gabaculine, a specific inhibitor of GABA transaminase, was injected bilaterally
      into the substantia nigra of rats. One day after injection, GABA was increased 11
      fold in the nigra, 6-fold in thalamus and pons-medulla, and 2-fold in pallidum. 5
      h after operation, rats showed continuous sniffing and head movement. This
      behaviour was blocked by a small dose of picrotoxin injected bilaterally into the
      nigra, but haloperidol (i.p.) was less effective. One day after injection, rats
      showed high ambulation and this ambulation was blocked by high doses of
      picrotoxin. On the second day, GABA contents in all regions were less than twice
      the control level and behaviour had returned to normal. Rats with gabaculine
      injected into the pallidum or medulla did not show changes of behaviour as seen
      in rats with injections into the substantia nigra at any of the times. Striatum
      dopamine turnover was slightly but significantly decreased at 5 h but not at 24 h
      after intra-nigral injection with gabaculine. The results suggest that gabaculine
      induced sniffing and head movement were mediated by nigral GABAergic synapses and
      were independent of any dopaminergic system, and that the high ambulation at 24 h
      after operation may have been due to a non-specific effect of abnormal GABA
      elevation in thalamus and/or nigra.

PMID- 689079
TI  - Morphine and met-enkephalin effects on sural Adelta afferent terminal
      excitability.
AB  - Morphine (30--80 nA) and met-enkephalin (30--80 nA) decreased the excitability of
      single sural Adelta afferent terminals and potentiated the enhancement of the
      terminal excitability produced by superficial peroneal nerve stimulation, in mid
      collicular decerebrate and spinalized cats. Naloxone (20--40 nA) antagonized the
      actions of both substances on the unconditioned and the conditioned terminal
      excitabilities. These results indicate that morphine and met-enkephalin
      hyperpolarize Adelta sural afferent terminals and facilitate the terminal
      depolarization during presynaptic inhibition. This enhancement of presynaptic
      inhibition may be, at least partly, responsible for the analgesic action of these
      agents.

PMID- 689080
TI  - Baroreceptor-induced decrease in muscle blood flow upon propranolol
      administration.
AB  - The acute effects of propranolol, 1 mg/kg i.v., were studied in chloralosed,
      vagotomized cats. The vascularly isolated but innervated calf muscles were
      perfused from another animal. In one group of experiments, the carotid
      baroreceptors were exposed to ambient arterial pressure. Here, propranolol caused
      a fall in heart rate and an increase in resistance of the isolated muscle bed. In
      other experiments, the carotid sinuses were perfused at a constant pressure. In
      these animals, no increase in muscle flow resistance was observed after the drug.
      It is concluded that the increase in total peripheral resistance, seen initially
      upon propranolol administration, may be reflexly induced via the baroreceptors.

PMID- 689081
TI  - Evaluation of the effect of p-chloroamphetamine on individual catecholaminergic
      nuclei in the rat brain.
AB  - Short and long term effects of p-chloroamphetamine (PCA) on levels of
      catecholamines (CA) in discrete CA cell body and axon terminal areas were
      investigated. The levels were unaffected, except for a transient fall in dopamine
      in the arcuate nucleus. These results do not support the suggestion that PCA is
      neurotoxic to CA cells.

PMID- 689082
TI  - Histochemical effects of kainic acid on neostriatal dopamine and
      acetylcholinesterase.

PMID- 689083
TI  - Aging and sister chromatid exchange. II. The effect of the in vitro passage level
      of human fetal lung fibroblasts on baseline and mutagen-induced sister chromatid
      exchange frequencies.

PMID- 689084
TI  - Effect of polyamines and divalent cations on histone H1-poly(adenosine
      diphosphate ribose) complex formation.

PMID- 689085
TI  - Lymphocyte commitment to DNA replication induced by concanavalin A.

PMID- 689086
TI  - Non-histone proteins and the structure of metaphase chromosomes.

PMID- 689087
TI  - Analysis of the formation of parallel arrays by BHK cells in vitro.

PMID- 689088
TI  - Control of the timing of cell division in fission yeast. Cell size mutants reveal
      a second control pathway.

PMID- 689089
TI  - Interactions of cytoskeletal elements with the plasma membrane of sarcoma180
      ascites tumor cells.

PMID- 689090
TI  - Uptake and intracellular distribution of neutral red in cultured fibroblasts.

PMID- 689091
TI  - Specific inhibition by NH4CL of autophagy-associated proteloysis in cultured
      fibroblasts.

PMID- 689092
TI  - Identification of a high molecular weight nervous system specific cell surface
      glycoprotein on murine neuroblastoma cells.

PMID- 689093
TI  - Initial characterization of a HTC cell variant partially resistant to the anti
      proliferative effect of ornithine decarboxylase inhibitors.

PMID- 689094
TI  - Genetic analysis of erythroid differentation using non-inducible Friend cell
      variants.

PMID- 689095
TI  - Ornithine decarboxylase and polyamines in the resumption of cycling by diluted
      and reoxygenated mammalian cells.

PMID- 689096
TI  - Binding of antimitotic drugs around cysteine residues of tubulin.

PMID- 689097
TI  - Acetic acid treatment denatures DNA while preserving chromosomal morphology
      during the in situ hybridization procedure.

PMID- 689098
TI  - Does the rate of ribosomal RNA synthesis vary depending on the number of nucleoli
      in a nucleus?

PMID- 689099
TI  - Ghost-mediated transfer of human hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase
      into deficient Chinese hamster ovary cells by means of polyethylene glycol
      induced fusion.

PMID- 689100
TI  - Aggregation of homozygous Brachyury (T) cells in the culture supernatant of wild
      type or mutant embryos.

PMID- 689101
TI  - Histone gene expression during the cell cycle studied by in situ hybridisation.

PMID- 689102
TI  - Distribution of small molecular weight nuclear RNA in transcriptionally active
      and inactive avian cells.

PMID- 689104
TI  - The spatial pattern of DNA synthesis in Dictyostelium discoideum slugs.

PMID- 689103
TI  - Cytoplasmic streaming in Amoeba proteus is inhibited by the actin-specific drug
      phalloidin.

PMID- 689105
TI  - Transcription and processing of both mouse and Syrian hamster ribosomal RNA genes
      in individual somatic hybrid cells.

PMID- 689106
TI  - Hydroxyurea retards the progression of G2 cells.

PMID- 689107
TI  - The crosslinking of skin collagen in annual fish.

PMID- 689108
TI  - Pharmacological induction of ovulation in old and neonatally androgenized rats.

PMID- 689110
TI  - Fish in studies of aging.

PMID- 689109
TI  - The effect of age, sex and anatomical position on peripheral responses of taste
      receptors in blowflies, genus Phormia and Protophormia.

PMID- 689111
TI  - Age-related alterations in the heat-lability of mouse liver glucose-6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase.

PMID- 689112
TI  - Pituitary-ovarian relationships during the post-reproductive phase of inbred
      mice.

PMID- 689113
TI  - Age-related changes in lipofuscin-associated fluorescent substances in the adult
      male housefly, Musca domestica.

PMID- 689114
TI  - Age-dependent leukemia produced in thymectomized AKR mice by antiserum to
      leukemic cells.

PMID- 689115
TI  - Age-related changes in protein, RNA and DNA content and protein synthesis in rat
      testes.

PMID- 689116
TI  - DNA polymerase profile during the mosquito life span.

PMID- 689117
TI  - Influence of age on stress-induced hepatic ultrastructural alterations in the
      rat.

PMID- 689118
TI  - An age-dependent release of matrix proteins from rat liver mitochondria.

PMID- 689119
TI  - Nearness to death and wheelrunning behavior in mice.

PMID- 689120
TI  - Beta-aminopropiontrile promotes longevity in mice.

PMID- 689121
TI  - Changes in the proportion of collagen type IV with age--possible role in
      transport processes.

PMID- 689122
TI  - Pineal gland structure and respiration as affected by age and hypocaloric diet.

PMID- 689123
TI  - Technical comments on the bioassay of erythropoietin.
AB  - Quantitative erythropoietin determinations can only be obtained after the
      examination of both Standard and Test materials in a multiple dose parallel line
      bioassay with appropriate statistical control. The expression of results in
      erythropoietin units (implying quantitation) in the absence of similar dose
      response relationships for Standard and Test materials can lead to errors in the
      estimated potency which differ markedly from the true potency. Results obtained
      from one-dose test systems cannot therefore be considered quantitative. Criteria
      which allow valid quantitation of bioassay results are discussed. Where these
      cannot be fulfilled, it is suggested that the results should be expressed only in
      terms of the measured parameter, e.g. 59Fe uptake, per constant volume of test
      solution.

PMID- 689124
TI  - Suppression of CFU-s activity by rabbit-anti-mouse brain serum can be overcome by
      treatment with papain.
AB  - The suppression of CFU-s activity which is observed after incubation with rabbit
      anti-mouse brain sera (RAMB) can be reversed by incubating the antibody coated
      cells with papain. Papain treatment does not alter the CFU-s membrane since pre
      treatment with the enzyme does not protect CFU-s from the lethal effect of RAMB.
      This technique should allow the use of fluoresceinated or otherwise labelled RAMB
      for the selection of CFU-s.

PMID- 689125
TI  - Erythroid "bursts" in semi-solid agar diffusion chambers: effect of
      cyclophosphamide administration to host and of hydroxyurea to donor animals.
AB  - Growth of erythroid bursts was induced in peritoneal diffusion chambers in a semi
      solid agar medium. Mice of the "Sabra" strain received single i.p. injections of
      cyclophosphamide (45 mg/kg) 24 h prior to implantation of chambers. Rats of the
      Hebrew University strain, used as donors, received single i.p. injections of
      hydroxyurea (400 mg/kg), 9 h prior to being killed. Ten to fourteen days after
      chamber implantation, several erythroid colonies of ten to several hundred cells
      developed in the semi-solid agar medium. The erythroid cells in the colonies were
      benzidine-positive and at various stages of maturation. We suggest that growth of
      erythroid "bursts" in diffusion chambers, in hosts which had not received any
      specific erythropoietic stimuli, was made possible by a high concentration of BFU
      E in the door marrow. The BFU-E enriched rat bone marrow resulted from
      administration of hydroxyurea which, after preferentially killing erythroblasts
      in cycle, stimulated mobilization of stem cells for the replenishment of the
      depleted compartment.

PMID- 689126
TI  - Reticulospinal excitation and inhibition of neck motoneurons.
AB  - Responses of neck motoneurons to electrical stimulation of the pontomedullary
      reticular formation were recorded intracellularly in cerebellectomized cats
      anesthetized with chloralose. Stimulation of nucleus reticularis (n.r.) ventralis
      and the dorsal part of n.r. gigantocellularis evoked short latency, monosynaptic
      inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) in the majority of motoneurons
      supplying the ipsilateral splenius, biventer cervicis and complexus muscles and
      in 25% of motoneurons projecting in the ipsilateral spinal accessory nerve.
      Monosynaptic IPSPs were also evoked by stimulating the medial longitudinal
      fasciculus (MLF) but lesion and collision experiments indicated that these IPSPs
      were independent of those evoked by reticular stimulation. Monosynaptic IPSPs
      were also occasionally observed following stimulation of the contralateral
      reticular formation, especially of the dorsal part of n.r. gigantocellularis.
      Monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) were evoked in all
      classes of neck motoneurons studied by stimulation of n.r. pontis caudalis,
      gigantocellularis and ventralis. Each reticular nucleus appeared to contribute to
      this excitation. The excitation was bilateral but large monosynaptic EPSPs were
      most often seen in motoneurons ipsilateral to the stimulus site. Data indicated
      that pontine EPSPs were mediated by ventromedial reticulospinal fibers while
      medullary EPSPs were mediated by ventrolateral reticulospinal fibers. Neck
      motoneurons thus receive at least three distinct direct reticulospinal inputs,
      two excitatory and one inhibitory.

PMID- 689127
TI  - Amygdaloid projections to the mesencephalon, pons and medulla oblongata in the
      cat.
AB  - Amygdalotegmental projections were studied in 26 cats after injections of
      horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in the diencephalon, midbrain and lower brain stem
      and in 6 cats after injection of 3H-leucine in the amygdala. Following HRP
      injections in the posterior hypothalamus, periaqueductal gray (PAG) and tegmentum
      many retrogradely labeled neurons were present in the central nucleus (CE) of the
      amygdala, primarily ipsilaterally. Injections of HRP in the posterior
      hypothalamus and mesencephalon also resulted in the labeling of neurons in the
      basal nucleus, pars magnocellularis. Following 3H-leucine injections in CE and
      adjacent structures autoradiographically labeled fibers were present in the stria
      terminalis and ventral amygdalofugal pathways. In the mesencephalon heavily
      labeled fiber bundles were located lateral to the red nucleus. Labeled fibers and
      terminals were distributed to the mesencephalic reticular formation, substantia
      nigra, ventral tegmental area and PAG. In the pontine and medullary tegmentum the
      bulk of passing fibers was located laterally in the reticular formation. Many
      labeled fibers and terminals were distributed to the parabrachial nuclei, locus
      coeruleus, nucleus subcoeruleus and lateral tegmental fields. Many terminals were
      also present in the solitary nucleus and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve.
      The location of the cells of origin and the distribution of the terminals of the
      amygdalotegmental projection suggest that this pathway plays an important role in
      the integration of somatic and autonomic responses associated with affective
      defense.

PMID- 689128
TI  - Projections to lateral vestibular nucleus from cerebellar climbing fiber zones.
AB  - 1. The olivary projections to the lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN), direct and
      excitatory through climbing fiber collaterals and indirect and inhibitory through
      climbing fiber activated Purkinje cells, were investigated in cats with the
      spinal cord transected at C3 sparing only the contralateral ventral funiculus. In
      this preparation all spinocerebellar paths are interrupted except the ventral
      spino-olivocerebellar paths (VF-SOCPs). Three FV-SOCPs responding with different
      latencies and receptive fields on limb nerve stimulation project to different
      sagittal zones in the anterior lobe vermis: the a-zone medially and the b-zone
      laterally in the vermis and the c1-zone in the extreme lateral part of the vermis
      and the medial part of the pars intermedia. 2. The EPSPs evoked through climbing
      fiber collaterals and the following IPSPs evoked through climbing fiber activated
      Purkinje cells were recorded intracellularly from LVN neurons on limb nerve
      stimulation. Simultaneously the climbing fiber responses evoked in Purkinje cells
      located in the a-, b- and c1-zones were recorded as positive potentials from the
      cerebellar surface. 3. Three groups of LVN neurons were distinguished: X neurons
      (about 20%) which did not receive excitation or inhibition from the olivary
      paths, aCF neurons (about 5%) which received excitation and inhibition from the
      olivary path projecting to the a-zone, and bCF neurons (about 75%) which received
      excitation and inhibition from the olivary path projecting to the b-zone. No LVN
      neurons were related to the c1-zone. 4. The aCF and bCF neurons occurred
      intermingled throughout the LVN. The X neurons occurred predominantly in its
      ventral part. 5. The findings are discussed in relation to a hypothesis of
      cerebellar organization.

PMID- 689129
TI  - Climbing fiber microzones in cerebellar vermis and their projection to different
      groups of cells in the lateral vestibular nucleus.
AB  - 1. The projections from one of the paths (b-VF-SOCP) in the ventral spino
      olivocerebellar system to the cortical b-zone located in the lateral part of the
      anterior lobe vermis and to the lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN) have been
      studied in cats with the spinal cord transected at C3 sparing only the
      contralateral ventral funiculus. The projection to the b-zone was studied by
      recording climbing fiber responses in single Purkinje cells on stimulation of
      limb nerves. The projections to the LVN, direct through climbing fiber
      collaterals and indirect through Purkinje cells, were studied by recordings EPSPs
      and IPSPs in LVN neurons. 2. The Purkinje cells in the b-zone were arbitrarily
      divided into five groups with different inputs and occupying different microzones
      each with a width of about 200 micron. On passing medially across the b-zone the
      microzones had the following input characteristics: 1. activation exclusively
      from hindlimb nerves, 2. short-latency activation from hindlimb and long-latency
      activation from forelimb nerves, 3. short-latency activation from hindlimb and
      forelimb nerves, 4. short-latency activation from forelimb and long-latency
      activation from hindlimb nerves, and 5. activation exclusively from forelimb
      nerves. 3. The five microzones projected to different groups of LVN neurons which
      occurred intermingled throughout the nucleus. The LVN neurons inhibited from a
      certain microzone were activated by the collaterals of the climbing fibers
      projecting to that microzone. 4. The organization of the spino-olivo-cerebello
      vestibulo-spinal path is discussed. It is suggested that the microzone and
      collection of subcortical neurons represent the basic computational unit of the
      cerebellum.

PMID- 689130
TI  - Persistence of visual response in vestibular nucleus neurons in cerebellectomized
      cat.
AB  - Responses to pure visual stimuli and visual-vestibular interactions similar to
      those reported in other vertebrates were found in single vestibular nucleus
      neurons in cat. Contrary to prevailing hypotheses, the cerebellum is not an
      essential part of the pathway mediating these visual responses.

PMID- 689131
TI  - Studies on the formative mechanism of mesangiolytic changes of renal glomerulus
      induced by a low calcium diet breeding.
AB  - Mucopolysaccharides (MPS) are widely distributed in the connective tissues
      throughout the animal body. There are a lot of MPS classified both chemically and
      immunochemically and solutions of these various polysaccharides are characterized
      physicochemically by their high viscosity. In this study guinea pigs were bred on
      a low calcium diet of 0.2% for 13 weeks and the mesangiolytic changes of renal
      glomerulus--the partial cystic dilatation of the glomerular tufts with edematous
      loosening of the mesangial tissue were shown light microscopically. The less
      dense mesangial matrix with prominence of mesangial fibrils and small cytoplasmic
      projections of the mesangial cells were demonstrated electron microscopically.
      The formative mechanism of these mesangiolytic changes of renal glomerulus
      induced by a low calcium diet breeding will be discussed in this paper.

PMID- 689132
TI  - Influence of an acute renal insufficiency on the acinar cell of the rat pancreas.
AB  - The exocrine pancreases of 25 male inbred rats of a Wistar strain were
      investigated by electron zymogen granules: enzyme proteins: pancreas;
      ultrastructure; rat microscopy and histochemistry 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 days after 5/6
      nephrectomy, which was performed in order to produce a uremia. Sham-operated and
      normal animals were used as controls. Under the influence of the acute uremia, a
      complex impairment of the pancreatic acinar cell appeared with destruction, in
      the form of focal cytoplasmatic degradation and the formation of cytolysosomes,
      and with a temporary disturbance of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, which led,
      until the end of the second day of the experiment, to an extensive stoppage, and
      latter to a reduction, in the synthesis of exportable enzymes. The function of
      the Golgi-apparatus and thereby the formation of zymogen granules is discontinued
      until at least the end of the third day of the experiment. Afterwards the
      production of zymogen granules is disturbed qualitatively and quantitatively.
      Here a deficiency in energy with mitochondria damage and a subsequent disturbance
      of intracellular transport in connection with an inhibition in membrane formation
      might be taken into consideration as pathogenetical factors. The following are
      discussed as possible causes of the metabolic-toxic damage of the acinar cell
      during uremia: lowmolecular toxic proteins, depletion of amino acids,
      intracellular pH-displacement and a deficit of phosphates rich in energy.

PMID- 689133
TI  - Degeneration of cardiac muscle followed by cell transformation, regeneration and
      fibrogenesis in rheumatic fever.
AB  - In acute rheumatic fever, various types of myocardial degeneration and subsequent
      transformation of the damaged muscle fibers into a variety of cells, classified
      and unclassified, are described from microscopic examination of autopsy
      specimens. This study suggests that in the origin of Aschoff bodies, the
      diagnostic feature of rheumatic fever, there are three different pathways (Types
      A, B and C) for cytogenesis of Aschoff cells from altered muscle fibers. Type A
      cytogenesis takes place through the stage of Anitschkow myocytes of cardiac
      muscle origin (McDONALD 1963), and the Type B pathway, through the stage of
      dedifferentiated cells arising in lysing cardiac muscle fibers. These
      dedifferentiated cells with capacity for regeneration of regular cardiac muscle
      fibers (McDONALD 1975), show abortive or atypical development of muscle cells
      through the Aschoff cell stage. The Type C cytogenesis of Aschoff cells takes
      place through direct transformation of cardiac muscle fibers which show central
      hyalinization of myoplasm and changes in nuclei from normal to single or
      multinucleated large vesicular forms. The fibrinoid material of Aschoff bodies is
      shown to be the product of muscle origin. The mechanism of formation of fibrous
      scars in the myocardium and fibrous thickening of subendocardium are explained on
      the basis of fibrous transformation of cardiac muscle. Altered muscle fibers have
      been shown to give rise to cells which simulate inflammatory cells and others
      which cannot be classified.

PMID- 689134
TI  - Histological and histochemical investigations of the epiphyseal cartilage in rats
      after administration of heparin, coumarin as well as coumarin and diphosphonate
      (EHDP).
AB  - Heparin and coumarin (Marcumar) as well as coumarin combined with a diphosphonate
      (EHDP) were examined histologically and histochemically with regard to their
      effect on the structure of the epiphyseal cartilage in rats. Topo-optical
      reactions were used to assess the submicroscopic structural changes in the
      developing trabeculae of metaphysis. The zone of resting cartilage and the zone
      of young proliferation cartilage in epiphyseal plates revealed a reduced cell
      count due to the influence of anticoagulants. With regard to the matrix of the
      epiphyseal plate, it may be stated that its ultrastructure appeared partly
      regular and that, on the other hand, large areas of degeneration were detected in
      the connective-tissue. The negative effect of anticoagulants on the ground
      substance could not be reduced definitely by means of a diphosphonate (EHDP) in
      conjunction with Marcumar which was administered simultaneously.

PMID- 689135
TI  - Image processing in pathology. IV. Internal structure of mitochondria.
AB  - For extensive recording of mitochondrial membrane lengths hitherto statistical
      methods were applied which only provide mean values. Conventional measurements of
      the lengths by means of curvimetry or by intersection counts are required for
      estimating size distributions and secondary parameters. The former method
      requires expenditure in time, the latter yields only very rough values for single
      organelles. Automatic image processing is a possible way to obtain more
      informations. A method for an automatic definition of the internal mitochondria
      structure is given in this paper and preliminary results are discussed.

PMID- 689136
TI  - Ultrastructural changes in the lungs after chronic experimental intoxication with
      benzine and ethyline vapour.
AB  - In the group of rabbits chronically intoxicated with petrol vapour slight changes
      in the dust cells of lungs in the form of cytoplasmic vacuolisation and
      accumulation of collagen almost completely disappeared 3 months after
      intoxication. Changes in animals intoxicated with ethyline were much more severe.
      Besides the accumulation of collagen, appearance of elastin areas, cytolysosomes,
      changes in the nucleus, widening of ergastoplasm, swelling and cristolysis of
      mitochondria were observed. Three months after intoxication the decrease of
      previously observed changes was noted.

PMID- 689137
TI  - Ultrastructural changes in the liver following chronic experimental intoxication
      with benzine and ethyline vapour.
AB  - The livers of two groups of rabbits exposed to longer lasting intoxication, one
      with benzine vapours and the other one with ethyline vapours, were subjected to
      examination in an electron microscope twice; immediately after the completion of
      intoxication and then 3 months later. In both groups there were found: dilatation
      of the perinuclear spaces, a symptom of nucleolus segregation, dilatation of the
      ergastoplasm, features of cristolysis of mitochondria and the absence of
      glycogen. These changes were more intensive in the animals intoxicated with
      ethyline. 3 months after the completion of the process of petrol intoxication the
      following was observed: persistence of the majority of the changes as well as
      accumulation of glycogen and hypertrophy of the smooth endoplasmatic reticulum.
      These changes were more intensified in animals intoxicated with ethyline.

PMID- 689138
TI  - Chemical estimation of interstitial and basement membrane collagen in obstructive
      nephropathy.

PMID- 689139
TI  - Diabetic microangiopathy in KK mice. IV. Effect of pyridinolcarbamate on kidney
      glucosyltransferase activity and glomerulosclerosis.

PMID- 689141
TI  - Ultrastructural patterns of Ni-induced crystalline inclusions in mitochondria of
      renal tubules.

PMID- 689140
TI  - Stereology of lavaged populations of alveolar macrophages: effects of in vivo
      exposure to tobacco smoke.

PMID- 689142
TI  - Studies on the renal pigment of estrogen-treated rats histochemistry and electron
      microscopy.

PMID- 689144
TI  - Traditional large family of American Catholics is no longer the norm.

PMID- 689143
TI  - Rheumatoid arthritis: pill users half as likely to develop the disease.

PMID- 689145
TI  - Despite Church opposition, Italy adopts new law providing free abortion for a
      variety of indications.

PMID- 689147
TI  - [Further improvements in medical services to the population of the Poltava
      region].

PMID- 689146
TI  - 'The earlier the safer' applies to all abortions.

PMID- 689148
TI  - [Organization of the pharmaceutical services to the therapeutic and preventive
      institutions and the population of the city of Kiev].

PMID- 689149
TI  - [Synthesis and properties of alpha-, alpha-aminoheterylcarboxylic acids and their
      derivatives].

PMID- 689150
TI  - [Derivatives of 1,4-di-(thiazolidinedione-2',4'-yl-3')-butane].

PMID- 689151
TI  - [Extraction and study of the properties of the individual components the lectin
      extract of castor plant seeds].

PMID- 689152
TI  - [Cyanethylation reactions of aryl derivatives of 2-thioimidazole].

PMID- 689153
TI  - [Quantitative determination of platyphylline hydrotartrate in pharmacologic
      mixtures by paper chromatography].

PMID- 689154
TI  - [Spectrophotometric determination of flavonoids using the 2-aminoethyl ester of
      diphenylboric acid].

PMID- 689155
TI  - [Quantitative semimicro- and microdetermination of pilocarpine hydrochloride via
      formation of polyiodide complexes].

PMID- 689156
TI  - [Effect of a preparation from hedge nettle on the course of experimental
      hepatitis in rats].

PMID- 689157
TI  - [Study of processes of K-strophanthin-beta complex formation with calcium ions
      and the effect of these processes on the cardiotonic effect of cardiac
      glycosides].

PMID- 689158
TI  - [Chemical composition and hypocholesteremic effect of several preparations from
      the leaves of the great plaintain. I. Polyphenol compounds].

PMID- 689159
TI  - [Volume increase coefficients for solutions and suspensions of several
      pharmaceutical substances].

PMID- 689160
TI  - [Optimization of technology and a study of rectal drug forms. II. Production and
      biopharmaceutical study of pressed suppositories with butadione].

PMID- 689161
TI  - [Application of the Si system to drug technology].

PMID- 689162
TI  - [Metrologic approach to assessing tendencies in the development of pharmacy. II.
      Construction of a model of pharmacy].

PMID- 689163
TI  - [Improvement in bulk processing and storage of mineral water at pharmacy
      warehouses].

PMID- 689164
TI  - [Quantitative determination of sulfadimethoxine by infrared spectroscopy].

PMID- 689165
TI  - [Study of the stability and quality of phenol type preparations for injections.
      II. Method of preparing a stable solution of sodium para-aminosalicylate].

PMID- 689166
TI  - [Photoelectrocolorimetric determination of phepromaron].

PMID- 689167
TI  - [Status and prospects for the development of pharmaceutical services in
      Prikarpatti during the 10th five-year-plan].

PMID- 689168
TI  - The Sixth Annual Meeting of the Mid-West Autumn Immunology Conference.

PMID- 689170
TI  - Pulmonary circulation. Introduction.

PMID- 689169
TI  - Technology transfer: a model for locating specialized medical centers.

PMID- 689171
TI  - Environmental pharmacology of the lung. Introductory remarks.

PMID- 689172
TI  - [Main results of the elaboration and introduction of an automatic subsystem for
      drug support planning and pharmacy economic management in the USSR and the
      prospects for its development].

PMID- 689173
TI  - [Biopharmaceutical study of insulin suppositories].

PMID- 689174
TI  - [Optimization of the technology and a biopharmaceutic study of mefenamic acid
      suppositories].

PMID- 689175
TI  - [Effect of tablet pharmaceutic aids on alkaloid and phenobarbital absorption in
      the isolated rat intestine].

PMID- 689177
TI  - [Process of alkaloid desorption from ionites].

PMID- 689176
TI  - [Production and biopharmaceutic study of butadion microclysters].

PMID- 689178
TI  - [Production of highly purified polyunsaturated fatty acids].

PMID- 689179
TI  - [Interaction of norsulfazole with p-, o- and m-nitrobenzoic acids].

PMID- 689180
TI  - [Nature of the operations of pharmacies that serve a surgical clinic].

PMID- 689181
TI  - [Determination of the work efficiency of auxiliary pharmacy workers].

PMID- 689182
TI  - [Conducting a planned inventory using inventory cards and computer aids].

PMID- 689183
TI  - [Development of optimal norms for the expenditure of stock assets for economic
      needs].

PMID- 689184
TI  - [Prediction of the shelf life of riboflavin in eyedrops in polyethylene
      packaging].

PMID- 689185
TI  - [Development of the technology for producing psoberan tablets].

PMID- 689186
TI  - [Development of creative thinking is the basis for training the modern
      pharmacist].

PMID- 689187
TI  - [Problem assignments is 1 of the forms of stimulating independent work in the
      study of drug pharmaceutical technology].

PMID- 689188
TI  - [Teaching of medical merchandising in pharmaceutical institutes].

PMID- 689189
TI  - [Work of the department for teacher qualification improvement of intermediate
      pharmaceutical educational institutions].

PMID- 689190
TI  - [Streptocide release from emulsion ointment bases].

PMID- 689191
TI  - [Amperometric titration of sulfanilamide compounds in a medium of glacial acetic
      acid].

PMID- 689192
TI  - [Relationship of nonachlazine to oxidants].

PMID- 689193
TI  - [Determination of diprophylline pharmacokinetics in blood].

PMID- 689194
TI  - [Effect of levorin on norsulfazole pharmacokinetics in rats].

PMID- 689196
TI  - [Storage of the drugs prepared in a pharmacy as internal pharmacy stock (from the
      work experience of the All-Union Research Institute of Pharmacy experimental
      pharmacy)].

PMID- 689195
TI  - [Biopharmaceutical evaluation of pediatric drug forms].

PMID- 689197
TI  - [Effect of aminazine on the functional state of the cat sensomotor cortex].

PMID- 689198
TI  - [Descending vasoconstrictor fibers in the thoracic region of the spinal cord].
AB  - Analysis of the arterial pressure responses to electric stimulation of the spinal
      cord structures at T1 to L3 showed two zones of the maximal pressure activity in
      the lateral and medial parts of the lateral funiculus. After destruction of the
      lateral part at T1-T2 level, a decrease in the systemic arterial pressure
      occurred after stimulation of the pressor zone of the vasomotor center and
      structures of the spinal cord at the levels of C5 and ischiatic nerve. These and
      previously obtained data suggest that the pressor responses to stimulation of the
      lateral part of the lateral funiculus of the spinal cord are of the
      reticulospinal origin. Participation of the propriospinal fibers in the pressor
      responses to stimulation of the medial zone of the lateral funiculus is
      discussed.

PMID- 689200
TI  - [Modulation of the activity of neurons of Deiter's nucleus upon electric
      stimulation of the hypothalamus and limbic structures of the brain].
AB  - In immobilized cats, stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus facilitates the
      activity of vestibular neurons; stimulation of the hypothalamic ventro-medial
      nucleus and dorsal hippocampus suppresses the unit activity, mainly. The effects
      of stimulation of the basolateral amygdalar nucleus were excitatory as well as
      inhibitory. Prevalence of the long-latency tonic responses indicates that the
      modulating effects of the hypothalamus and limbic structures are fulfilled
      through either mesencephalic RF or thalamic nuclei.

PMID- 689199
TI  - [Effect of GABA on the synthesis, uptake and release of noradrenaline-H3 from
      brain slices].
AB  - The data obtained showed that GABA exerted no effect on the synthesis and putake
      of H3-NE while increasing its loss from slices preincubated for 5 min before
      incubation for 30 min with H3-NE for uptake. When slices were preincubated for 30
      before the addition of H3-NE the effect of GABA on NE content in the slices was
      reversed. A similar reversal of the GABA effect occurred when varying the
      preincubation period of slices subjected to prolonged electrical stimulation. The
      uptake and release of H3-NE were not affected by the duration of the
      preincubation period. The reversal of the GABA effect on H3-NE did not correlate
      with the depletion of endogenous stores of NE and may be due to the changes in
      the ionic composition of slices in the course of the prolonged incubation.

PMID- 689201
TI  - [Effect of oxygen metabolism in kidney tissue on the development of plasma
      erythropoietic properties].
AB  - The oxygen metabolism (pO2, the constant of the oxygen rate consumption, the
      coefficient of the oxygen distribution), the activity of oxid-reduced and
      hydrolytic enzymes, the blood supply of the kidney cortex and medulla, were
      recorded. These data were compared with the erythropoietin activity of plasma in
      the rats with phenylhydrazine anemia and posttransfusion polycytemia. An obvious
      reverse interrelationship existed between plasma erythropoietin activity and
      value of pO2 and blood supply of the cortex. The activity of the above enzymes
      was practically unchanged. The data obtained suggest that erythropoietin is
      formed in the cortex of the kidney and its production is controlled by the degree
      of oxygen supply of the kidney tissue.

PMID- 689202
TI  - [Changes in the properties of fast and slow rat muscles following cross
      reinnervation].
AB  - Qualitative and quantitative histochemical and morphometrical studies in intact
      white and red muscles of Wistar rats revealed different types of cross-section
      areas, LDH isozymes spectra of muscle fibers, number of nuclei in neuro-muscle
      junction. Conformation of red muscle to white and partial conversion of white
      muscle to red occurred after cross-innervation, and alien white fibers appeared
      in the m. soleus. Activity of LDH3 and LDH4+5 isozymes of heart type spectrum
      increased after cross-innervation of the m. soleus. An increase in activity of
      LDH1 and LDH2 isozymes of muscle type spectrum accurred after cross-innervation
      of white muscle.

PMID- 689203
TI  - [Effect of thyroxine and noradrenaline on the energetics of muscle contraction].
AB  - The highly sensitive thermometric method (1.10(-5) degrees C/mm) revealed that
      the heat production of single contraction of the isolated rat diaphragmal muscle
      with artificial hyperthyrosis (HD) is nearly double of that of the normal muscle
      (ND). Noradrenaline added to the inculation solution entailed a greater increase
      of heat production of the muscle contraction in HD and had no significant effect
      on ND. However, calorific effect of thyroid hormone was about twice and a half as
      great as that of noradrenaline. These data suggest that thyroxin acts
      independently in the energy regulation during the cold acclimation of the
      organism, and the calorific effects of both hormones can be more effectively
      realized just at the moment of muscle contraction.

PMID- 689204
TI  - [Several indices of oxygen metabolism and resistance of rats to acute hypoxia in
      posttransfusion polycythemia].

PMID- 689205
TI  - [Effect of hypokinesia on the contractile function and nervous regulation of the
      heart].
AB  - Prolonged hypokinesia caused cardiac deadaptation in rabbits which resulted in
      diminishing of the left ventricle speed of contraction and relaxation joined
      later by a decreased vascular resistance. As a result, the ejection velocity as
      well as the stroke volume and the cardiac output were normal. The decrease of the
      relaxation speed became more obvious at a high heart rate and resulted in
      shortening of the diastolic pause and diminishing of cardiac output. Hearts of
      the hypokinetic animals were characterized by normal maximal pressure developed
      by a unit of myocardial mass at aorta clamping, decrease adrenoreactivity, and
      increased cholinoreactivity. This complex of changes is contrary to changes
      observed in adaptation to exercise, but is similar to changes observed in the
      compensatory hypertrophy of the heart.

PMID- 689206
TI  - [Information content of the rheoencephalogram and rheoencephaloplethysmogram for
      assessing cerebral hemodynamics].
AB  - In acute experiments in cats, separate measurement of impedance of extra and
      intracranial tissues and skull bones was carried out by passing 30-150 kHz
      electrical current. Extra and intracranaial tissue impedances are approximately
      equal and one order less than that of skull bones which excludes electrical
      current penetration into the cranial cavity directly through the bone. The
      changes on electroplethysmograms recorded with extra and intracranial electrodes
      during simultaneous clipping of both common carotids or external and internal
      jugular veins were compared. In part of experiments jugular veins were clipped
      before and after switching off extracranial blood flow. Intracranial impedance
      changes thus achieved are several times greater than extracranial ones and are
      not registered in extracranial bitemporal electrode location. The only way to
      register them without intracranial electrode insertion is by use of ocular
      occipital lead. Yet in this case the intracranial component makes only about 30%
      of the registered signal. This value increases significantly with artifical
      stabilization of extracranial hemodynamics.

PMID- 689207
TI  - [Criteria for quantitative assessment of respiratory system reactions].
AB  - In anesthetized cats and in healthy humans, lung ventilation, activity of
      diaphragmal motoneurons and intercostal muscles, shift of the intrathoracic
      pressure, inspiratory occlusional pressure, and maximal rate of the initial
      increase in inspiratory pressure, were studied. Depending on conditions of the
      respiratory system functioning, any one from among the above parameters can
      reflect the efferent output of the respiratory center. Each of them, however, has
      limitations of its own.

PMID- 689208
TI  - [Use of temperature of the rabbit auricular concha as an index of cutaneous blood
      flow].

PMID- 689210
TI  - [7th Gagry seminar on the problems of memory].

PMID- 689209
TI  - [Chemotrode modification and a method of intracerebral microinjections of
      biologically active substances].

PMID- 689211
TI  - [Effects of postovulatory synthetic corticosteroid administration on ovarian
      function in women (author's transl)].

PMID- 689212
TI  - [The treatment of patients with diabetes insipidus by a synthetic analogue of
      vasopressin, DDAVP (author's transl)].
AB  - The effects of a synthetic analogue of vasopressin, DDAVP (1-deamino-8-D-arginine
      vasopressin) were investigated in 98 patients with cranial diabetes insipidus. In
      all patients, intranasal administration of DDAVP one to three times daily,
      usually twice daily, was found to be satisfactory in the control of diabetes
      insipidus. Thus, by DDAVP administration, daily urinary volume changed from 3520
      +/- 2150 ml to 1620 +/- 830 ml (mean +/- SD), and urinary osmolarity changed from
      126 +/- 75 mOsm/kgH2O to 446 +/- 194 mOsm/kgH2O (mean +/- SD). A daily dose of
      DDAVP ranged from 2.0 to 20 microgram in children (average dose 12.8 microgram),
      while 10 to 20 microgram of DDAVP was usually required in adult patients (average
      dose 14.2 microgram). No serious side effects have been observed. It is concluded
      that DDAVP is safe and effective in the treatment of cranial diabetes insipidus.

PMID- 689213
TI  - [Studies on the biological action of uterine RNA in rat implantation (author's
      transl)].
AB  - With a view to investigating the mechanism of the action of estrogen involved in
      nidation, the biologically active rat uterine RNA thereby derived was extracted
      and then administered in the uterine cavity of castrated rats to observe the
      ensuing morphological changes in the endometrium and compare them with those
      resulting from the administration of decidual RNA which is non-estrogenised.
      There was a tendency toward increasing proliferation noted in the endometrial
      epithelium of the castrated rats 48 hours after the administration of the
      biologically active uterine RNA, as in the endometrial epithelium of animals
      receiving estradiol-17beta. There was also an increase in the number of 3H
      thymidine-labelled cells present in the endometrial epithelium of animals so
      treated. On the other hand, no such changes were observed following the
      administration of the RNA pretreated with RNase. In the case of castrated rats
      administered with the RNA in the uterine cavity under progesterone priming, the
      endometrial epithelium as the site of increase in the number of the radio
      labelled cells at 24 hours was found to be superseded by the stromal cells at 48
      hours. A similar phenomenon of transfer was seen with regard to the site of an
      increase in the mitosis index caused by pretreatment with colchicine. An
      observation of the endometrium of castrated rats 72 hours after the
      administration of decidual RNA disclosed that the stroma was mildly edematous
      with the stromal cells somewhat swollen, but without any such changes in the
      endometrial epithelium as seen following the administration of the biologically
      active uterine RNA. These findings led us to administer such biologically active
      substances as uterine RNA, decidual high molecular RNA, human chorionic RNA, rat
      placental RNA (L15) and early pregnant rat uterine RNA (L4) separately in the
      uterine cavity of delayed implantation rats to determine whether any one or more
      of these RNAs had a nidation promoting effect just like estrogen. As a result,
      nidation was found to be induced in animals administered with 1 approximately 100
      microgram of the biologically active uterine RNA or 100 microgram of early
      pregnant rat uterine RNA. No nidation was provoked by other specimens of RNA. A
      study was then made of blastocysts recovered by the flush-out technique from the
      uterus of animals receiving 1 approximately 10microgram of human chorionic RNA or
      10microgram of rat placental RNA, which failed to induce nidation. It was shown
      that these blastocysts were dormant morphologically. From these results it is
      apparent that both biologically active uterine RNA and early pregnant rat uterine
      RNA are effective in promoting nidation. It is also suggested that, in the
      process of implantation of fertilized eggs, nidatory estrogen may first promote
      RNA synthesis in the endometrium and then exhibit its action through the medium
      of RNA thus synthesized.

PMID- 689214
TI  - [The effect of cortisol infusion on plasma renin activity, aldosterone levels and
      11-deoxycorticosterone levels in humans (author's transl)].

PMID- 689216
TI  - Corrupting the American physician.

PMID- 689215
TI  - Urinary tract infections in children from the perspective of a pediatric
      urologist.

PMID- 689217
TI  - Merging existing practices--practical considerations.

PMID- 689218
TI  - [Demonstration of the greasing effect of skin cleansing preparations with a
      hydrophilic oil base].

PMID- 689219
TI  - [Detection of precipitating antibodies against dermatophytes by means of
      counterimmunoelectrophoresis].

PMID- 689220
TI  - [On the pathogenity of trichophyton terrestre (author's transl)].

PMID- 689221
TI  - [Influence of different glycerol concentrations and equilibration time intervals
      on motility and oxygen consumption after adding rotenone, succinate, digitonin or
      2,4-dinitrophenol at freeze preservation of human semen (author's transl)].

PMID- 689222
TI  - [The possibility of treatment of gonorrhea with Berlocombin 200].

PMID- 689223
TI  - [Photochemotherapy with 8-methoxypsoralen and longwave ultraviolet light. V.
      Experiences with a new treatment unit (author's transl)].

PMID- 689224
TI  - [Bone marrow changes in mastocytosis].

PMID- 689225
TI  - [Mastocytosis cutanea diffusa generalisata with wide areas of sugillations and
      haemorrhagic vesicle attacks (author's transl)].

PMID- 689226
TI  - [Normolipemic plane xanthomatosis of the face with severe eye damage].

PMID- 689227
TI  - [Activity studies of various serum enzymes in patients with psoriasis locally
      treated with dithranol].

PMID- 689228
TI  - Isolation techniques of Chlamydia trachomatis from patients with nonspecific
      urethritis.

PMID- 689229
TI  - [Immunologic in vitro diagnosis of the Lyell syndrome].

PMID- 689230
TI  - [Sterile eosinophilic pustulosis (author's transl)].
AB  - 'Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis", first described by Ofuji and co-workers in
      1970, is obviously a new entity, not only confined to Japan. Recently, there was
      a case reported from Sweden; we present here the first observation in the FRG.
      The disease is characterized by eruptions of aggregated pustules, containing
      numerous eosinophils, and by blood eosinophilia. In our patient the disease first
      appeared on the scalp, leading to scarring alopecia. Since in our and in some
      other patients the lesions were not limited to the follicles, we feel that the
      term 'sterile eosinophilic pustulosis" is more appropriate to reflect the
      clinical picture. For differential diagnosis Morbus Duhring and M. Sneddon
      Wilkinson have to be considered. "Sterile eosinophilic pustulosis" differs from
      these mainly because of the eosinophilic infiltrations deep in the dermis.
      Immunofluorescence tests are negative. Treatment with DADPS may be helpful.

PMID- 689231
TI  - Photocontact dermatitis caused by Parthenium hysterophorus.

PMID- 689232
TI  - [Evaluation of prognostic factors in malignant melanoma according to the
      actuarial method: report of 75 cases (author's transl)].
AB  - The survival rate of 75 patients with malignant melanomas has been calculated
      according to the actuarial method. Various parameters have been evaluated such as
      sex and site distribution, histologic data and levels of invasion. The actuarial
      method appeared to be the more accurate way to appreciate the percentage of
      survivors in a high-mortality group. Thus, although the incidence of melanoma was
      higher among females, their prognoses were better than those of males. The
      localisations on the trunk and the lower extremities were those with the poorest
      prognosis, nodular melanomas had a survival rate below those of superficially
      spreading melanomas. Level III of invasion should be regarded as a hinge in terms
      of lymph node metastasis and survival.

PMID- 689233
TI  - Circulating antigen antibody complexes in scabies.

PMID- 689234
TI  - HLA-antigens and psoriasiform napkin dermatitis.
AB  - HLA typing was performed in 14 patients with psoriasiform napkin dermatitis
      (PND). Only 2 patients carried one of the three antigens (HLA-B13, B17, Bw37)
      associated with psoriasis vulgaris. The frequency of these antigens in PND
      corresponds to that in healthy controls, but differs significantly (p less than
      0.01) from that in a population of psoriatics. Our results indicate that patients
      with PND are not true psoriatics, and that PND and psoriasis are different
      etiological entities.

PMID- 689235
TI  - Oral administration of retinoids.

PMID- 689236
TI  - Influence of a new retinoid (Ro 10-9359) on the cytochrome P-450 system and other
      enzymes in rat's liver.

PMID- 689237
TI  - The effect of retinoic acid on the synthesis of phosphoribosylpyrophosphate in
      human erythrocytes in psoriasis. A preliminary note.

PMID- 689238
TI  - Pharmacokinetic and metabolic pathways of systemically applied retinoids.

PMID- 689239
TI  - The effect of retinoic acid on Lewis lung carcinoma model in mice. A preliminary
      note.

PMID- 689240
TI  - Changes in the relative amounts of iso-accepting arginyl-tRNA in the epidermis of
      guinea pigs under treatment with retinoic acid.

PMID- 689241
TI  - Phylogenetic origins of immune recognition: naturally occurring DNP-binding
      molecules in chordate sera and hemolymph.
AB  - A method is described which allows the isolation of small quantities of DNP
      binding antibodies of both high- and low-molecular-weight classes. The only
      detectable DNP-binding protein in the serum of placoderm-derived vertebrates was
      immunoglobulin in nature, and of the order of less than or equal to 1% total
      serum immunoglobulin. Proteins in the serum of the urochordate Pyura stolonifera,
      which bind to both DNP and erythrocyte antigens, showed charge heterogeneity and
      an apparent subunit molecular weight of approximately 65,000 to 70,000 daltons.

PMID- 689242
TI  - Effect of seasonal variation on lymphoid tissues of the lizards, Mabuya
      quinquetaeniata Licht. and Uromastyx aegyptia Forsk.
AB  - The thymus in the lizards Mabuya quinquetaeniata and Uromastyx aegyptia is highly
      involuted in winter but exhibits in the other seasons a rich lymphoepithelial
      organization. The splenic white pulp is severely depleted in winter but is
      extensively developed in spring, summer and autumn. In these seasons, the splenic
      lymphoid tissue of Mabuya occurs in a continuous phase throughout the organ
      obscuring the red pulp, whereas in Uromastyx the white pulp remains localized as
      periarteriolar aggregates and the red pulp is always clearly delineated. In both
      lizard species, gut-associated lymphoid tissue is well represented, especially in
      the large intestines and in Mabuya it is almost similar in different seasons. In
      Uromastyx, in winter, lymphoid nodules are only found in the caecum and the
      colon, but during warm seasons, inumerable nodules are distributed throughout the
      gut. The findings are important for a clearer understanding of immunologic
      competence in reptiles.

PMID- 689243
TI  - Ontogeny of this immuno-neuro-endocrine relationship. Changes in lymphoid tissue
      of chick embryos surgically decapitated at 33-38 hours of incubation.
AB  - The prosencephalon, and primordium of the hypophysis were surgically removed from
      chick embryos at 33-38 hours of incubation. The thymus, bursa of Fabricius,
      spleen, bone marrown and liver were examined cytomorphologically on day 15, 17
      and 19. T marker-bearing and Bu marker-bearing lymphocytes were identified by
      immunofluorescence. Decapitated embryos tended to be smaller than sham
      decapitated controls of the same age, and exhibited retarded development of the
      thymus, bursa, spleen and liver. Decapitation particularly affected the cellular
      composition of the bursa and spleen, induced a decrease in the number of
      lymphocytes, and caused a striking depletion of lymphocytes bearing Bu antigen.
      This experiment showed an interdependence between lymphoid (immune), nervous and
      endocrine centers in the chick embryo.

PMID- 689244
TI  - The structure of a periodic cell wall component (HPI-layer of Micrococcus
      radiodurans).
AB  - The hexagonally packed interlayer (HPI-layer) from Micrococcus radiodurans cell
      walls has been studied by electron microscopy and subsequent digital image
      processing. The most prominent feature in the average images is a "complex"
      shaped like a "toothed wheel", which is perforated by a central pore and
      interconnected by fine spokes. This basic structural element is tentatively
      interpreted to represent the bulk of HPI-layer protein, intercalated by the other
      constituents: lipids, carotenoids and carbohydrates. It is suggested that the
      "toothed wheel" structure is a quite common element of periodic bacterial surface
      layers and that the different spacings observed with various species are due to
      variable amounts of intercalating material.

PMID- 689245
TI  - Effects of cytochalasin A on the morphology of plasmodia and sclerotia of
      Physarum polycephalum.
AB  - Cytochalasin A (CA) at 1.6 X 10(-5)M and lower concentrations produced disruptive
      effects upon plasmodia, sclerotia, and spherule forms of Physarum polycephalum.
      CA effects upon either micro- or macroplasmodia included: cytoplasmic
      condensation, plasmodial contraction, and scission at the plasma membrane. The
      latter manifestation was most dramatically observed by scanning electron
      microscopy. Electron microscopy of drug-treated palsmodia confirmed the above
      phase contrast light-microscopic results and revealed, in addition, vacuolar
      enlargement, decreased membrane invaginations, and the presence of condensed
      particles within the plasmodium and at the plasma membrane. These results of drug
      action were not reversed by washing of exposed plasmodia. Germination of the
      slcerotial and spherule forms of Physarum was CA-delayed by 12 and 96 hours,
      respectively. Approximately 10% of drug-treated sclerotia were found to have been
      burst apart. These dramatic CA effects were nullified by preincubation of the
      drug either with L-cysteine or with beta-mercaptoethanol; however, iodoacetamide
      (10(-6)M) gave no such morphologic consequences. Cytochalasins B or D at
      comparable concentrations were without activity. It is concluded therefore that
      CA effects upon the myoxomycete reflect specific acceptor responses.

PMID- 689246
TI  - Membranous sacs associated with cilia of Paramecium.
AB  - A membranous system associated with the cortical cilia of Paramecium putrinum is
      described. A sac lies below the cortical kinetosomes and extensions from it pass
      along the kinetodesmal fibre to lie near, or make contact with, the parsomal sac
      and also pass deep into the cytoplasm to pass close to a mitochondrion. Because
      of its widespread occurrence in this and other species it is suggested that the
      system plays a physiologically active role.

PMID- 689247
TI  - [Electron microscopical and autoradiographical studies on the so-called yolk
      nuclei in the oocytes of Nemacheilus barbatulus (L.) and Phoxinus phoxinus (L.)
      (Pisces, Teleostei) (author's transl)].
AB  - The yolk-nuclei in the oocytes of the teleosts Noemacheilus barbatulus (L.) and
      Phoxinus phoxinus (L.) were investigated by electron microscopy, autoradiography
      and ultrahistochemistry. Yolk-nuclei were only found in stage I. They consist of
      mitochondria, an osmiophilic material and in Noemacheilus partly of dictyosomes.
      It was demonstrated by marking with [3H]-uridine, that the osmiophilic material
      contains RNA. The osmiophilic material gets into the juxtanuclear cytoplasm.
      There it is surrounded by mitochondria. The oocytes of Noemacheilus and Phoxinus
      contain up to 40 yolk-nuclei, which are only visible by electron microscopy. The
      yolk-nuclei of both species dissolve in early stage II. Their components disperse
      in the cytoplasm.

PMID- 689248
TI  - Studies on nucleoli of pigeon erythroid cells.
AB  - In order to provide more information on nucleolar changes occurring during cell
      differentiation and maturation, pigeon erythroid cells have been studied by means
      of a simple light microscopic cytochemical procedure for the demonstration of the
      RNA containing structures and with conventional transmission electron microscopy.
      Nucleoli with more or less distinct nucleolonemata present in early erythroblasts
      were replaced by ring-shaped nucleoli and, finally, by micronucleoli in more
      mature erythroid cells. In contrast to the previously studied chick embryos,
      chickens and hens which possess micronucleoli in almost all mature erythrocytes,
      mature pigeon erythrocytes are mostly without any nucleoli. The ultrastructural
      organization of nucleoli with more or less distinct nucleolonemata and ring
      shaped nucleoli do not show differences, in comparison with such forms of
      nucleoli in other cells. Micronucleoli in pigeon erythroblasts are characterized
      by degranulation, suggesting the inhibition of the formation of the nucleolar
      granular components. Some nucleoli show a segregation of the nucleolar
      components, indicating the inactivation of the nucleolar RNA polymerase, and
      occasionally chromatin retraction from the nucleolar body, suggesting the loss of
      the template. In mature erythrocytes, micronucleoli consist mainly of fibrillar
      components, and the perinucleolar chromatin is partially retracted from the
      nucleolar body of such nucleoli.

PMID- 689249
TI  - Differential growth of sister nuclei in binucleate microspores of Tradescantia
      paludosa.
AB  - Binucleate microspores were induced in Tradescantia paludosa with heat shocks.
      Nuclear and cell volumes were determined from early G1 to G2. Volumes of sister
      nuceli, present in a single cell, were rarely the same. It is suggested that, at
      least in part, nuclear volume is controlled by factors that are 1) present in
      nuclei, 2) not distributed equally at anaphase, and 3) not rapidly exchanged.

PMID- 689250
TI  - Penetration and entrapment of large particles in erythrocytes by electrical
      breakdown techniques.
AB  - Human erythrocytes suspended in isotonic solutions were subjected to haemolysis
      by application of an electric field pulse to the cell suspension. The field
      strengths used were 12 and 16kV/cm, respectively; the pulse duration 40
      microseconds. The lysed cells showed resealing properties. The permeability
      change of the membrane generated by the field pulse and by the subsequent osmotic
      processes were large enough to facilitate the penetration and entrapment of
      ferritin and Latex particles (diameter: 0.091 and 0.176 micron, respectively) as
      revealed by electron microscopy. Correct identification of the Latex particles in
      the electron-micrographs indicated that LOYTER et al. [J. Cell Biol. 66, 292
      (1975)], who recently demonstrated the entrapment of Latex spheres in
      erythrocytes prepared by osmotic haemolysis mistook electron-dense bodies
      probably consisting of denaturated protein for Latex particles. Under conditions
      of osmotic haemolysis, carried out according to BODEMANN and PASSOW, particles
      could only occasionally be detected within the membrane itself and never within
      the cell interior, suggesting that the electrical haemolysis method is much more
      effective in the generation of large holes in the membrane.

PMID- 689251
TI  - Architecture and cell structures in the distal nephron of the rat kidney.
AB  - Using semi-thin sections of marked tubules of the rat kidney, the distal part of
      the nephron is represented in toto for the first time and reconstructed in its
      course from the thick part of HENLE's loop to its junction with another
      collecting tubule. The shape of the model accords well with observations in vivo.
      On the basis of observations with light and electron microscopy, four types of
      cells are differentiated: Type 1 (Mittelstuck) cell; type 2 (intermediate) cell;
      type 3 (light) cell and type 4 (intercalated) cell. According to the distribution
      of these different types of cells, the distal nephron is divided in the following
      way: Pars recta and pars convoluta of the distal nephron consist of type 1
      (Mittelstuck) cells; pars arcuata and pars recta of the cortical collecting duct
      exhibit type 3 (light) and type 4 (intercalated) cells; in the connecting portion
      of the distal tubule all four types are represented, type 2 (intermediate) and
      type 4 (intercalated) being the most frequent. The demarcation of the connecting
      portion according to our definition points to a dynamic relationship of the cell
      structures of the distal nephron, which gains clarity when conditions are
      experimentally varied. Hence the question for a morphological proof of where
      exactly the two nephrogenic blastemata join gives place to the more important
      question of what these cell structures and their variability mean as signs of
      functional adaptation-reactions.--The existence of the connecting portion,
      contested until now, is affirmed; a cytological characterization of it is given
      and a definition is recommended.

PMID- 689252
TI  - [Cytological phenomena studied in Vicia faba, in relation to Pelc's hypothesis of
      a "metabolic" DNA (author's transl)].

PMID- 689253
TI  - A model for microtubular rigidity.

PMID- 689254
TI  - Fine structure of cytoplasmic crystal in Amoeba proteus.

PMID- 689255
TI  - Electronmicroscopical and electrophysiological investigations on polyethylene
      glycol induced cell fusion.
AB  - Cells of monolayer cultures are fused by high concentrations of polyethylene
      glycol (PEG) with a molecular weight of approximately 1500. This process is
      independent of extracellular ca++ions. PEG changes transiently the surface
      membrane and leads to fusion only after replacing it by normal medium. Before the
      final fusion of two cells, the onset of ionic coupling via longer lasting
      pseudopodial contact can be measured. Only cells that are synchronous in the
      secretory and pseudopodial response to PEG may fuse with each other.

PMID- 689256
TI  - Ultrastructure of the frontal cap of monotactic forms of Amoeba proteus.
AB  - The frontal cap of the monotactic form of Amoeba proteus is separated from other
      cell components by a continuous structure defined as the "membrane-like envelope"
      (MLE). It originates from the membranes of cytoplasmic vesicles and vacuoles. The
      border zone between the cap and the cytoplasm is strongly vacuolized. Structural
      differences between frontal caps, depending on the degree of their development,
      indicate that the growing cap gradually fills up the whole tip of an advancing
      pseudopodium, and at the front it reduces the cortical layer in the interstice
      between the MLE and the outer cell membrane, up to its eventual disrupture. This
      is probably the efficient cause of the specific morphological and motory pattern
      of monotactic amoebae. These results and conclusions are supported by an
      ultrastructural analysis of the artificial frontal caps obtained by injecting oil
      droplets into polytactic cells, a procedure transforming polytactic forms into
      forms morphodynamically analogous to the natural monotactic amoebae.

PMID- 689257
TI  - [Effects of phalloidin in liver cells: binding, morphological changes, and
      elimination (author's transl)].
AB  - 1. The uptake, binding and elimination of phalloidin in liver is compared in
      adult (180 to 240 g) and "baby" (17 to 19 days old) rats in vivo and in vitro. 2.
      In both groups there is no relation between the concentration of the poison in
      the liver and the toxicity. 3. Although baby rats show a significantly higher
      tolerance against phalloidin than the adult animals, the concentration of the
      poison in the liver of baby rats is higher, and the elimination is significantly
      slower than in adult rats. 4. The very tight binding and concentration of
      phalloidin in the liver is explained by an extremely low dissociation constant.
      5. Furthermore, the morphological differences between the poisoning of the liver
      cells in the entire organ and of isolated liver cells are discussed.

PMID- 689258
TI  - [Somatotropin, antidot against phalloidin (author's transl)].
AB  - 1. Somatotropin protects rats against a lethal dose of phalloidin (1.3 mg/kg). 2.
      Scanning electron microscopy has shown that 2 hours after phalloidin injection
      the liver from a somatotropin-pretreated rat is not significantly different to
      that from an untreated rat. Phalloidin alone caused complete destruction of the
      structure of the liver lobules. 3. Somatotropin does not prevent phalloidin
      uptake by the liver but slows down elimination. 4. The findings are discussed
      with respect to their therapeutic possibilities as somatropin protects rats
      against death also after phalloidin poisoning.

PMID- 689259
TI  - Spatio-temporal relationships between protoplasmic streaming and contraction
      activities in plasmodial veins of Physarum polycephalum.
AB  - Plasmodial veins of Physarum polycephalum were investigated by combining
      cinematographical, morphological, and tensiometrical techniques. Translucent and
      nontranslucent (thicker) strands remaining in their original position on filter
      paper were analyzed in respect to their radial contraction cycles and the
      resulting streaming activity of the endoplasm. A new technique for measuring the
      flow intensity by a microbalance method allowed testing of the influence of
      radial contraction on actual streaming processes within a strand. Stationary
      ectoplasm and flowing endoplasm are involved in a mutual transformation process:
      thereia an exchange of ectoplasm and endoplasm in the form of protoplasmic
      streamlets crossing the borderline between the endoplasmic stream and the
      ectoplasmic tube. Radial contraction cycles show the same time periodicity as the
      endoplasmic shuttle streaming. Relationships between radial contractions,
      streaming rates of endoplasm and streamlets between ectoplasm and endoplasm were
      analyzed. The participation of the ectoplasmic walls in motive force generation
      and their function in control of streaming throughput is discussed.

PMID- 689260
TI  - Plasmodium of Physarum polycephalum as a synchronous contractile system.
AB  - The contractile activity of veins and the rhythmicity of the frontal progress
      were photometrically recorded from cine-film, at numerous points across the whole
      plasmodium. Graphic analysis of the obtained curves demonstrates the existence of
      common contraction rhythm over the entire network, coincident to the expansion
      rhythm of the advancing front. It is suggested that the plasmodium of Physarum
      polycephalum represents an imperfectly synchronized monorhythmic contractile
      system.

PMID- 689261
TI  - Response to light-shade difference in anucleate and polynucleate specimens of
      Amoeba proteus.
AB  - The enucleated specimens of Amoeba proteus, the anucleate fragments, and the
      polynucleate individuals which all are capable of cortical contraction but not of
      locomotion, may be reactivated by the light-shade difference established across
      their body. Individual cells or fragments migrate toward the shade. The motory
      polarity and coordinated movement disappear immediately after cessation of the
      stimulus. The results are interpreted according to the earlier hypothesis that
      the necessary to maintain the motory polarity of amoebae. It is suggested that
      the anucleate and polynucleate specimens are incapable of coordinated movements
      when non-stimulated, because of a deficiency or an excess, respectively, of the
      regulatory relaxing factor secreted by the nucleus of Amoeba proteus.

PMID- 689262
TI  - Cell multiplication following partial enzymatic removal of surface coat.
AB  - Treatment of Paramecium aurelia with trypsin or pronase (1 mg per 10(5) cells, at
      0 to 4 degrees C) partially removes the surface coat and modifies significantly
      multiplication of cells. The division rate after 24 hours of cultivation is
      diminished approximately twice in the case of pronase-treated cells and 1.5 for
      tyrpsin-digested ciliates as compared with the control. On the second day the
      division rate increases rapidly and number of cell divisions exceeds the values
      observed in the control. After 72 hours of cultivation the division rate in both
      untreated and enzyme-treated cells is almost the same. It is concluded that the
      observed inhibition of cell fission results from the enzymatic removal of the
      surface coat--the integrity of this surface coat seems to be necessary in the
      process of cell division. The influence of environmental factors on the rate of
      growth is presented.

PMID- 689263
TI  - The occurrence of enzymes involved in phenylpropanoid metabolism in the tapetum
      fraction of anthers.
AB  - The contents of another loculus were separated in a pollen and tapetum fraction.
      The following enzymes involved in phenylpropanoid metabolism were present in the
      tapetum fraction: shikimate dehydrogenase; phenylalanine ammonialyase; cinnamic
      acid 4-hydroxylase; SAM (S-adenosylmethionine): caffeate 3-O-methyltransferase;
      hydroxycinnamate: CoA ligase; "flavanone synthase"; chalcone-flavanone isomerase;
      SAM: 3',4'-dihydroxyflavonoid 3'-O-methyltransferase; O-glucosyltransferase. It
      is postulated, that these enzymes derived from the tapetum catalyze the different
      steps of phenylpropanoid metabolism at or in cavities of the exine after their
      transfer into the loculus.

PMID- 689264
TI  - [Comparative analysis of ultrastructure and lipid composition of plastids from
      sun and shade plants (author's transl)].
AB  - The ultrastructure and lipid composition of chloroplasts, isolated from various
      shade and sun plants, were compared. Depending on the origin of the plastid,
      significant differences were observed in the percentage of appressed thylakoids.
      Accordingly, plastids could be classified into three different types: Type I
      chloroplasts, from mesophyll cells of sun plants (barley, corn, spinach, bean),
      display well-developed grana and intergrana thylakoid membranes. Type II
      chloroplasts, typical of shade plant (Arum), show giant grana stacks with few
      interconnecting thylakoids. Type III chloroplasts, from bundle sheath cells of
      leaves from C4-plants (corn), are characterized by an extensive development of
      stroma thylakoids with only occasional rudimentary grana. The percentages of
      appressed membranes are in the ranges of 50 to 60%, 80% and 2% for type I, II and
      III plastids respectively. Striking differences are observed in the fatty acid
      composition of phosphatidylglycerol molecules. Trans-delta3-hexadecenoic acid is
      found only in this phospholipid and amounts to 30 to 40%, 50% and less than 8% of
      total fatty acids in type I, II and III plastids respectively. The comparison of
      ultrastructural and biochemical data suggests a strong correlation between the
      amounts of phosphatidylglycerol molecules containing trans-delta3-hexadecenoic
      acid and the percentages of appressed membranes (grana stacks) within plastid
      stroma.

PMID- 689265
TI  - Fine structure of Sertoli cells in the rat testis after hypophysectomy,
      testosterone treatment and re-involution.
AB  - Using thin sections and freeze-etch replicas the fine structure of the Sertoli
      cells of the rat testis was investigated after hypophysectomy, testosterone
      treatment and re-involution. 41 days after hypophysectomy the Sertoli cells
      contain numerous dense bodies and remnants of degenerating spermatocytes and
      spermatids. The Sertoli cell junctions are most prominent. The membranes of
      neighbouring cells are folded into several layers. Freeze-fracture replicas
      reveal a normal arrangement of Sertoli cell tight junctions with linear array of
      membrane particles preferentially on the B-face and complementary grooves on the
      A-face. The geometric pattern of the ridges is varying with respect to the basal,
      intermediate and apical portions of the lateral Sertoli cell membranes. Since no
      major changes of the size, distribution and localization of the Sertoli cell
      junctions were observed in the different experimental groups these junctions,
      once formed, are inferred to be independent from hypophyseal hormones.

PMID- 689266
TI  - X-ray microanalysis of calcium-dependent deposits at the plasma membrane of
      Acanthamoeba castellanii.

PMID- 689267
TI  - Two DNA-binding nonhistone chromosomal proteins from mouse myeloma tumor cells.

PMID- 689268
TI  - Concentration of uracil nucleotides and UDP-glucose in mouse liver after partial
      hepatectomy.

PMID- 689269
TI  - Similarity of cellulose xerogels of Japanese pears in ultrastructure to chitin
      xerogels chemically prepared.

PMID- 689270
TI  - Maintenance of rat adipose tissue in tissue culture.

PMID- 689271
TI  - The effect of starvation and protein depletion on the turnover of lactate
      dehydrogenase in mouse tissues.

PMID- 689272
TI  - Incorporation of purines and purine precursors into the nucleotide pool of
      isolated bone cells.

PMID- 689274
TI  - Drug interactions with oral contraceptives.

PMID- 689273
TI  - Decreased phosphorylative capacity and respiratory rate of rabbit skeletal muscle
      mitochondria in vitamin E dystrophy.

PMID- 689275
TI  - Marriage and fertility in rural Bangladesh.

PMID- 689276
TI  - Clinical trials with injectable contraceptives.

PMID- 689277
TI  - Vaginal sterilisation (A study of 123 cases).

PMID- 689278
TI  - Evaluation of heterologous artificial insemination.

PMID- 689279
TI  - Unpleasant sequelae of female sterilization.

PMID- 689280
TI  - Immediate post-termination contraception insertion of copper "T" device following
      menstrual aspiration.

PMID- 689281
TI  - Antithrombin III levels in Indian women during pregnancy, post-partum and intake
      of oral contraceptives.

PMID- 689282
TI  - Blood glucose and serum triglyceride levels in "normal" women using intrauterine
      contraceptive device.

PMID- 689283
TI  - Biochemical changes in uterine fluid after insertion of various types of intra
      uterine contraceptive device.

PMID- 689284
TI  - Problems of female sterilization by vaginal approach.

PMID- 689285
TI  - Semen electrolytes in normal and infertile cases. I. Sodium, potassium, calcium
      and magnesium.

PMID- 689286
TI  - Semen analysis as a parameter of male fertility in 266 infertile couples.

PMID- 689287
TI  - Testis biopsy in varicocele as related to fertility.

PMID- 689288
TI  - Oral contraceptives--acceptability and side effects with combination pills.

PMID- 689289
TI  - Acute intermittent porphyria on withdrawal of oral contraceptives.
AB  - A rare presentation of acute Intermittent Porphyria is described, in which
      withdrawal of an oral contraceptive (Gynovlar 21) provoked the first acute
      attack.

PMID- 689290
TI  - Rifampicin in cutaneous leishmaniasis.
AB  - A study is described which aimed at assessing the efficacy of rifampicin in the
      treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis. A total of thirteen patients suffering from
      this condition were admitted to the study and were given rifampicin 600 mg daily.
      Three patients dropped out due to reasons unconnected with the trial and one
      patient left when the lesions improved appreciably and continued treatment
      abroad. The remaining patients continued under treatment until clinical
      resolution was attained, and this occurred in a period of one to four months. The
      author was impressed by the marked clinical resolution and the lack of scarring
      and side-effects, and recommends that further trials be carried out in the
      endemic areas where more cases can readily be found, treated and ovserved for
      longer periods of time than in this study.

PMID- 689292
TI  - Management of constipation in terminally ill patients.
AB  - This small study was carried out to assess the effectiveness of lactulose syrup
      (Duphalac) in the management of constipation in forty-six patients with terminal
      illnesses. The daily dose of lactulose was titrated to meet the individual
      patients requirements and was found to be in the region of 20 to 30 mls twice
      daily, despite the almost universal administration of opiates as analgesics. The
      study lasted 21 days in each patient capable of completing the assessment.
      Constipation was relieved within a an average of 3 to 4 days, and of the 512 days
      observed, there were 203 days in which a bowel movement occurred. Of these
      motions 71% were recorded as easy to move, rather than hard (21%)  of loose (8%).
      Faecal incontinence and nausea attributable to lactulose treatment were extremely
      rare. Therefore, lactulose appeared to be a useful treatment for constipation in
      the terminally ill patient.

PMID- 689291
TI  - Comparative haemodynamic studies with mepindolol-sulphage (SH E 222) and
      propranolol (Inderal, Dociton) in the isoproterenol test.

PMID- 689293
TI  - The interstimulus interval in classical autonomic conditioning of young infants.
AB  - Conditioned auditory discrimination and extinction of the skin potential response
      were attempted in 4-month-old infants using interstimulus intervals of 1500,
      3500, 5500, and 7500 msec. Half of the infants in each of the interstimulus
      interval groups were defined as high magnitude orienters and half were low
      magnitude orienters. Conditioning was successful with the 5500- and 7500-msec
      interstimulus intervals, but not with the 1500- and 3500-msec intervals. Analysis
      of individual subject data indicated that individual subject data indicated that
      individual differences in conditionability were related to interstimulus interval
      and orienting response magnitude. Also, those subjects discriminating at the
      longer intervals tended to be high magnitude orienters. In other words, longer
      interstimulus intervals interacted with a high magnitude or orienting to
      facilitate conditioning. The results were taken as evidence that individual
      differences in the magnitude of the orienting response reflect different
      individual needs in stimulus information processing time.

PMID- 689294
TI  - The interrelationship between thermal and olfactory stimulation in the
      development of home orientation in newborn kittens.
AB  - The presence of a thermal gradient in the home cage and its use in home
      orientation was studied in kittens from shortly after birth to 2 weeks. Responses
      on a thermal gradient outside the home cage were also studied. With the home
      region and a freshly washed cage floor either cooled or warmer, kittens were
      placed in the adjacent corner or the home. In one study kittens chose between a
      cooled home and a warmed diagonal region. On a thermal gradient kittens exhibited
      thermotaxic turning and thermokinetic response. Kittens initially used either
      thermal or olfactory cues to reach the home but began to use only olfactory cues
      towards the end of the 1st week. Similarly, warmth in the home region caused
      "settling" during the 1st week but thereafter warmth and olfactory cues were most
      effective. Kittens chose the cooled home region more often than the warmed
      diagonal corner responding to olfactory over thermal cues.

PMID- 689295
TI  - Specificity of litter odors in the control of home orientation among kittens.
AB  - The specificity of maternal-home cage odors governing home orientation was tested
      in 8- to 11-day-old kittens. Kittens were first tested for home orientation from
      the adjacent corner in their own home cages and cages of other mothers with
      litters of the same age. The majority of kittens oriented successfully in their
      own cages but not in strange mothers' cages. They then lived for 48 hr in the
      strange mothers' cages. At the end of this time they showed no improvement in
      orientation in their own home cages. Moreover, after an additional 24 hr in their
      own home cages they showed no improvement in their own home cages. Home
      orientation involves 2 odor components: 1 general to different mothers and 1
      specific to each mother.

PMID- 689296
TI  - Response of the infant rat to light prior to eyelid opening: mediation by the
      superior colliculus.
AB  - Although the influence of light on the infant rat before Day 14, when its eyelids
      open, are presumed to be minimal, we have shown that as early as postnatal Day 6,
      male and female albino rats demonstrate negative phototaxis. Bilateral
      enucleation eliminates negative phototaxis, whereas unilateral enucleation does
      not. Rearing in the dark does not prevent the expression of the behavior. Knife
      cuts on postnatal Day 5, which undercut the dorsal midbrain involving the
      superior colliculus, prevent the expression of this response to light. Unilateral
      dorsal midbrain knife cuts and posterior cortex lesions have no effect. These
      results call attention to an early period in the postnatal development of the rat
      when it is capable of exhibiting negative phototaxis. The superior colliculus in
      the dorsal midbrain appears to be crucial for demonstrating this behavior.

PMID- 689297
TI  - The effect of neonatal oil administration on brain weight of inbred and
      heterogeneous mice.
AB  - A single injection of sesame oil on postnatal Day 4 reduced adult bain weight in
      male and female mice of the C3H/HeJ strain. The same neonatal treatment had no
      effect on brain weight of heterogeneous mice derived from a cross of 8 inbred
      strains. In agreement with previous findings in inbred strains, C3H/HeJ females
      were found to have larger brains than males. This difference between the genders
      was not seen in heterogeneous mice. The effect of neonatal oil administration on
      adult brain weight provides an additional example of the effect of neonatal
      manipulations on the adult organism and underscores the importance of adherence
      to appropriate control procedures in studies involving administration of hormones
      in early life, particularly when infant strains are used  as experimental
      subjects.

PMID- 689298
TI  - Ultrasonic vocalization during social interaction and isolation in 2-weeek-old
      rats.
AB  - Two-week-old rats were found to emit very little ultrasound in their cage except
      during arrivals and departures of the mother, when average peak rates of
      approximately 1 ultrasonic pulse/rat/min were detected. However, when all pups
      except one were removed from the home cage, the remaining isolated pup emitted
      ultrasound at a mean rate of 12 pulses/min for at least 30 min. When young rats
      of this age were placed alone in an unfamiliar test area, the ultrasound pulse
      rate was approximately 25/min, whereas groups of 4 littermates in the same
      situation emitted only occasional ultrasonic pulses. If an isolated pup in the
      novel environment was allowed access to a single anesthetized littermate or
      mother this also significantly reduced the rate of ultrasound emission, whereas a
      warm clay model did not.

PMID- 689299
TI  - Directional responses by kittens to an auditory stimulus.
AB  - Six kittens were tested in a 2-choice maze to determine if they would execute
      directional approach responses to an auditory stimulus. Tests were done at
      various postnatal ages (4-10, 11-17, 18-24, and 25-31 days) and comparison was
      made with responses of 5 kittens tested without auditory stimulation. At the
      earliest ages no evidence was seen for auditory approach responses but by 18-24
      days consistent approch responses were found.

PMID- 689300
TI  - Further characterization of the impaired bactericidal function of granulocytes in
      patients with poorly controlled diabetes.

PMID- 689301
TI  - Reduced erythrocyte deformability in diabetes.

PMID- 689302
TI  - The regulation of plasma ketone body concentration by counter-regulatory hormones
      in man. II. Effects of growth hormone in diabetic man.

PMID- 689303
TI  - Impairment of glucose-induced insulin secretion and glucose tolerance during
      colchicine treatment.
AB  - The effect of acute and chronic colchicine treatment on glucose-induced
      immunoreactive insulin secretion and glucose tolerance was examined in fasting,
      unanesthetized, and unrestrained rats with indwelling jugular vein and aortic
      catheters. In the first study, intravenous glucose tolerance tests were performed
      by rapidly administering a glucose pulse (150 mg. intravenously) one hour after
      acute treatment with colchicine (0.5 mg. per kilogram of body weight,
      intravenously) or vehicle (control). Acute colchicine treatment caused
      significant suppression of glucose-induced insulin secretion and also markedly
      impaired glucose disappearance rates. In the second study, chronic colchicine
      treatment (in the lower dose of 0.2 mg. per kilogram of body weight,
      intraperitoneally, daily for 10 days) caused significant suppression of biphasic
      insulin secretion in response to a primed-constant glucose infusion (150 mg. of
      glucose pulse followed by 6 mg. per minute constant glucose infusion for 60
      minutes) as compared with control rats (vehicle injection, intraperitoneally,
      daily for 10 days). Due to this marked decrease in biphasic insulin secretion,
      serum glucose concentrations were significantly higher between 10 and 45 minutes
      in the colchicine-treated rats than in the control rats. Therefore, acute and
      chronic colchicine treatment causes marked inhibition of glucose-induced insulin
      secretion and impairment of glucose tolerance in the intact rat. These
      observations suggest there is a need to evaluate carbohydrate metabolism in
      patients receiving colchicine treatment.

PMID- 689304
TI  - Determination of the glycosylated hemoglobins (HB AI) with a new microcolumn
      procedure. Suitability of the technique for assessing the clinical management of
      diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 689305
TI  - Effects of anti-insulin receptor autoantibodies on the metabolism of human
      adipocytes.
AB  - We studied the effect of sera from two patients who had an unusual form of
      diabetic syndrome with extreme insulin resistance on the metabolism of human
      adipocytes in vitro. The IgG fractions from sera A and B, which were obtained
      from two patients (1 and 2) with insulin-resistant diabetes, inhibited [125I]
      insulin binding to human adipocytes and, at the same time, stimulated glucose
      oxidation and inhibited the lipolysis induced by levarterenol in human
      adipocytes. On the other hand, the IgG fraction from the C serum, which was
      obtained from patient 2 after her diabetic syndrome had completely disappeared as
      a result of immunosuppressive therapy, did not inhibit [125I] insulin binding to
      human adipocytes, stimulate glucose oxidation, or inhibit lipolysis in human
      adipocytes. These facts suggest that these IgG fractions bind to or near the
      insulin receptor of human adipocytes, that they exhibit their insulin-like effect
      by binding to the insulin receptor in vitro, and, furthermore, that they are
      responsible for the extremely insulin-resistant diabetes. However, the apparent
      discrepancy between the effects of these IgG fractions on man in vitro and in
      vivo is puzzling and needs to be explained.

PMID- 689306
TI  - Insulin binding to adipocytes. Evidence for functionally distinct receptors.

PMID- 689307
TI  - Feeding in infancy and later ability and attainment: a longitudinal study.

PMID- 689308
TI  - The association between perinatal factors and later night waking.

PMID- 689309
TI  - Early verbal disability in children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

PMID- 689310
TI  - The value of a developmental history.

PMID- 689311
TI  - An observational study of postures and limb movements of children who wet by day
      and at night.

PMID- 689312
TI  - Disintegrative psychosis in childhood.

PMID- 689314
TI  - Strategies for clumsy children.

PMID- 689313
TI  - Fibrous dysplasia of the skull, with seizures and focal electroencephalographic
      findings.

PMID- 689315
TI  - The learning-disabled child: early detection and prevention.

PMID- 689316
TI  - School-children with epilepsy at risk for learning and behaviour problems.

PMID- 689317
TI  - Carbamazepine for childhood seizures.

PMID- 689318
TI  - Minimal brain dysfunction.

PMID- 689319
TI  - Congenital dislocation of the hip.

PMID- 689320
TI  - Leadership in health care organizations.

PMID- 689321
TI  - A total care complex for the aged.

PMID- 689322
TI  - Buying extramural education.

PMID- 689323
TI  - Centralizing educational activities.

PMID- 689324
TI  - How to measure staff development.

PMID- 689325
TI  - Justifying a continuing education program.

PMID- 689326
TI  - Training for first line supervisors.

PMID- 689327
TI  - Quality control in diagnostic radiology: (an update for Ontario)

PMID- 689328
TI  - Trouble at the Vancouver General results in government takeover.

PMID- 689329
TI  - Too little...too late.

PMID- 689330
TI  - [Current biological, pharmacological and therapeutic aspects of zinc].

PMID- 689331
TI  - [Determination of left atrial volume by monoplane cineangiography].

PMID- 689332
TI  - [Blood NEFA changes caused by intravenous infusion of PGE1 in humans].

PMID- 689333
TI  - [Changes in post-heparin liprotein lipase activity after testosterone treatment].

PMID- 689334
TI  - [Glomerulonephritis in essential mixed IgG-IgM cryoglobulinemia. Clinical and
      histological observations in 14 cases].

PMID- 689335
TI  - [Treatment of ischemic cardiopathy with nifedipine].

PMID- 689336
TI  - Fine morphology of the secretory mode of the tetragastrin-stimulated chief cells
      of human and dog gastric mucosa.
AB  - The chief cells of the gastrin-stimulated gastric mucosa of human and dog were
      observed under a light and electron microscope. Four microgram/kg AOC
      tetragastrin were given parenterally by a single shot to a man and three dogs
      respectively. Pepsinogen in the gastric mucosa increased at the wash-out stage
      and at the following dynamic equibrium stage of the chief cell secretion cycle
      after the administration of AOC-tetragastrin. During those stages, the chief
      cells released zymogen granules intensively. As the main ultrastructural process
      for releasing the zymogen granules, the emiocytosis in man and the apical
      cytoplasm dissociation in dog were discussed.

PMID- 689337
TI  - Effect of bile acids and dietary fat on large bowel carcinogenesis in animal
      models.
AB  - Epidemiologic and laboratory studies suggest that dietary fk actors, particularly
      high intake of fat and animal protein, and high concentration of bile acids and
      neutral sterols of the large bowel lumen are strongly associated with large bowel
      carcinogenesis. Such concepts guided our studies on animal models. Rats fed diets
      high in fat and/or protein had a higher incidence of DMH-induced large bowel
      tumors than rats fed standard diets. The source of fat and protein, animal vs.
      vegetable, had no major influence. High fat intake was associated with an
      increased excretion of fecal bile acids, particularly secondary bile acids, and
      neutral sterols. The repeated intrarectal doses of lithocholic acid or
      deoxycholic acid enhanced the development of MNNG-induced large bowel tumors in
      rats. Colostomized rats treated with intrarectal dose of MNNG had no tumors in
      the excluded segment. It suggests that luminal contents play a significant role
      in the induction of large bowel cancer. The results show that higher levels of
      bile acids in the large bowel lumen, resulting from high fat intake, exert a
      promoting effect on the development of large bowel cancer.

PMID- 689338
TI  - Studies on pancreatic duct system. I) The fine structure of the major pancreatic
      ducts of normal and chronic pancreas injury dogs.
AB  - The major pancreatic ducts of normal dogs, and experimental dogs with chronic
      pancreas injury following adjuvant injection have been studied ultrastructurally
      and histochemically. The ducts are lined by a single layer of columnar epithelial
      cells. They possess many short microvilli with a fuzzy surface coat and apical
      sulfomucin droplets, suggesting that they are acting not only as a protective
      barrier, but also facilitating the transport of the pancreatic juice. Apart from
      these ordinary epithelial cells, multivesicular cells and some few endocrine
      cells have been detected between the duct epithelia. Because of a rich cellular
      network lining the major pancreatic ducts, it is hardly believed that they have
      no important function except for passive transport of pancreatic juice. In the
      diseased dogs, the lumina were irregularly dilated and the epithelial cells were
      flattened with the loss of microvilli. These changes may be a predisposition of
      inspissated secretion.

PMID- 689340
TI  - [The posterior opening of the pterygopalatine fossa and the position of the
      pterygopalatine ganglion].
AB  - Our material consisted of 100 adult skulls and 50 adult half-head sections where
      the posterior opening of the pterygopalatinate fossa and the position of the
      pterygopalatinate ganglion were investigated. The report contains the following
      specifics: 1. Course and contents of the pterygoidal canal as well as the
      topographical relations of the canal to the sphenoid sinus. 2. Positioning of the
      axis of the foramen rotundum to the various planes of the head and its contents.
      3. Course of the vomerovaginal canal and its contents. 4. Distances of the
      pterygopalatinate ganglion to important reference points of the head and to the
      median-sagittal line.

PMID- 689339
TI  - Postbulbar duodenal ulcer occurring in a patient of diabetic coma.
AB  - Duodenal ulcer beyond the bulb occurred in a diabetic patient when he was in
      ketoacidotic coma causing serious anemia. Early investigation of the stomach and
      duodenum by endoscope was quite valuable for evaluating this bleeding
      complication and the healing process of the lesion was serially recorded. Since
      several cases of diabetic coma have been reported to die from gastrointestinal
      bleeding, this report presents the important aspect in the management of diabetic
      coma, and usefulness of emergency endoscope.

PMID- 689341
TI  - [Postnatal development of the lamina V pyramidal cells in the sensorimotor cortex
      of the albino rat. 3. Discussion and literature].

PMID- 689342
TI  - [Quantitative morphometric and functional-anatomical studies of the locomotor
      apparatus of track athletes. Part III. Factor analysis].

PMID- 689343
TI  - [Asymmetry in the structure of the middle part of the facial skull].
AB  - The results of study of the middle third of the facial region, performed on a
      total of 412 skulls of male individuals, lead to the following conclusions: 1. In
      the investigated upper section, the zygomatic bone inclusive, downwards to its
      lower section along the alveolar process of the maxillary bone, a complete and
      approximative symmetry displayed by the width values is more frequently met with,
      whilst asymmetry is rather rarely. In the same direction, from above downwards,
      the number of skulls with differences in favour of the right side decrease,
      whereas the number in favour of the left side increase, with the rarely observed
      asymmetry in the lowermost section usually involving the leftside. 2. The height
      of the upper jaw-bone region near the sagittal line shows more frequently
      symmetry (complete and approximative), and rather rarely asymmetry, whilst
      insofar as the zygomatic bone is concerned the opposite is observed; therefore,
      in the direction from medial to lateral-wards the incidence of asymmetry
      increases, whereas that of the symmetry decreases. In the same direction the
      number of skulls with differences in favour of the right side increases, while
      the number in favour of the left side decreases. 3. The coincidence of absolute
      differences recorded in 69%, respectively 61.6%, between right and left side of
      closely positioned dimensions (20 and 31, resp. 20 and 42) proves that the data
      about these dimensions are apt to determine symmetry and asymmetry manifestations
      with a sufficient reliability. 4. The individual values of the pairs of breadth
      dimensions of one and the same region of the studies craniofacial portion show a
      higher degree of correlation than those of different regions which is due to the
      differences between the latter in terms of incidence of symmetry and asymmetry in
      their build up. 5. The width of the middle third of the median craniofacial
      portion and the lateral distance of the skull Zygomaxillare--Porion do not
      correlate, i.e. there is no parallelism between the fluctuations of their
      individual values. 6. In most of the cases the bones of the external nose are
      symmetrical, and hence its asymmetry is attributed to the soft parts as cartilage
      and skin.

PMID- 689344
TI  - [Quantitative-morphometric and functional-anatomical studies on the locomotor
      apparatus of athletes. IV. Discussion, resume and literature].
AB  - The locomotor system of 155 athletes from 3 athletic disciplines was examined,
      and the data of 20 anthropometrical measurements and the results for the
      corresponding disciplines were recorded subjected to a multivariate
      morphometrical analysis with the following aim: 1. To evaluate the morphological
      and functional-anatomical criteria of the locomotor system which quantified the
      variation differences in the body composition of the athletic groups, and which
      indicated a quantifiable functional-anatomical relationship between the variation
      in the body composition and the result in the corresponding disciplines. 2. To
      show the bivariate relationship between the morphological parameter and the
      results in the corresponding disciplines, and furthermore to evaluate the amount
      of result-increasing or result-decreasing components in a morphological variable.
      3. To analyse the morphological variation of the 20 body composition variables
      and the corresponding results in the disciplines by means of factor analysis.
      This is achieved by the use of multivariate methods to analyse the variation in
      the athlete's body composition and the result-influencing-components. The
      following results were obtained: 1. There are partly pronounced morphological
      differences between the 3 athletic groups, quantified by discriminant functions.
      The differences in the locomotor system were reduced to 2 independent axes of
      variation, with one axis being identified as the general size variation between
      the 3 groups, and the other as the difference in the variation of the degree of
      strength of the musculature of the trunk and the limbs by considering the length
      and breadth measurements. For both canonical axes, the shotputters have above
      average high canonical numbers compared to the other 2 groups. The sprinters and
      long jumpers show conformity in the general size variation of the locomotor
      system, but they differ in the second axis. Whilst in both groups the lower limbs
      are similarly constituted in form, shape and size, the canonical values of the
      trunk and the upper limbs of the sprinters are higher. In this respect, they tend
      more towards the shot-putter group. The morphological differences obtained for
      the athlete's locomotor system are functional-anatomically related to the
      corresponding athletic disciplines. 2. In almost every case, the regression
      functions for the shot-putters show an approximately linear relationship between
      the morphological variables and the result of the shot-putt. The quadratic and
      cubic regression functions only deviate slightly from the linearity, i.e. the
      result will be altered depending on the height and size of the body composition
      (within the possible range of biological variation). On the other hand, the
      sprinting result, either increased or decreased, is determined by a limited
      morphological variation of the parameter of the locomotor system...

PMID- 689345
TI  - [A variation of the circulus arteriosus].

PMID- 689346
TI  - [The central branches of the anterior and median cerebral artery].
AB  - 1. In our examined subjects, the A. recurrens anterior was found to be more
      frequently doubled than as has been reported. 2. The number of central rami
      arising from the A. cerebri media varies between 3 and 13. 10% of these already
      divide extracerebrally so that the number of small asts actually present lies
      between 4 and 20. The count presented by Lazorthes appears to be based on the
      former method and by Jain on the latter. The ramifications arise from the main
      artery as well as from its insular branches. Arterial trunks are likewise often
      present that give off a large portion of the asts. When operating aneurysms of
      the A. cerebri media, these facts are of importance to the neurosurgeon who must
      sprare these vessels whenever possible. Should more of these branches or one of
      these arterial trunks be bound with a clip, serious neurological deficits will
      occur.

PMID- 689347
TI  - [Taste bud on the papilla palatina of Tupaia glis (Diard 1820), its occurrence
      and relationship to Jacobson's organ].

PMID- 689348
TI  - [The facial muscles of insectivora. I. Erinaceus europaeus and Talpa europaea].
AB  - This investigation includes the area of n. facialis in Erinaceus europaeus and
      Talpa europaea. It is indicated that the topography of muscles diverges
      considerably from the equally conditions in Rodentia, Carnivora, and Ungulata.
      The dorsal length musculature thus is an almost undivided mass of muscles in the
      2 investigated species as also the laterally and ventrally situated musculature
      at certain points diverges from the conditions within other above mentioned
      animal groups.

PMID- 689349
TI  - [Quantitative morphological studies on the variability of the epithelial height
      of the human Fallopian tube mucosa].
AB  - Analysing statistically the parameters of the own morphometric observations,
      quantitative-morphologic investigations of tube epithelium of 47 women,
      distributed in various age groups, indicate following results: In the oviducts of
      younger fertile women a cyclic changes of the height of the epithelium is
      characteristical of the structure of the human oviduct. Cyclic changes of the
      epithelial height exist also in the uterine tube of aging women of premenopausal
      age, while the follicle growth and the development of corpus luteum take place in
      the ovarium. In the oviducts of aging women the height of the epithelium is
      average greater than the one of organs of younger individuals. In the oviduct a
      flattened epithelium results by ovarian atrophy, postmenopausally.

PMID- 689350
TI  - The comparative feeding mechanism of gadidae and macrouridae. I. Functional
      morphology of the feeding apparatus.
AB  - The comparative feeding apparatus of Gadidae and Macrouridae has been studied
      from a functional point of view. Some important modifications in macrourid
      species in comparison with the gadid ones were found: rostral end of the cranium,
      rostral ligaments and disposition of the jaw muscles. Anyways, all the
      modifications seem secondary, motivated by the habitat. That is true in the case
      of the beak, in relation with the swimming system which had been already observed
      by Marshall and Bourne (1964). The question of the rostral ligaments modification
      would be related with the protraction of the upper jaw, but a further analysis is
      required. Also discussed are two schemes of possible changes in the jaw
      musculature.

PMID- 689351
TI  - Development of myodomes and the position of eye muscles in Rasbora daniconius
      (ham. buch).
AB  - 1. In Rasbora the anterior myodome for the oblique eye muscles is absent. 2. The
      attachment of M. obliquus inferior and superior closely follow the teleostean
      pattern. 3. The posterior myodome is well developed and both the anterior and
      posterior recti muscles arise from it.

PMID- 689352
TI  - [Definition of the organell concept].
AB  - Since the essential cytological functions are endergonic processes, the organelle
      cannot be defind without considering the necessary energy transfer. Therefore, a
      sensible definition may read: The Organelle is a cytoplasmatic structure capable
      of funtional energy consumption (Frey-Wyssling 1977).

PMID- 689353
TI  - Subtotal hepatectomy in intact or hypophysectomized river lampreys (Lampetra
      fluviatilis L.): effects on regeneration, blood glucose regulation, and
      vitellogenesis.

PMID- 689354
TI  - Effect of cortisol on the metabolism of the eel, Anguilla japonica.

PMID- 689355
TI  - Effect of glucagon on the metabolism of the eel, Anguilla japonica.

PMID- 689356
TI  - Acetylcholine in the urophysis of several species of teleosts.

PMID- 689357
TI  - Neuroendocrine regulation of oocyte maturation in the imported fire ant
      Solenopsis invicta.

PMID- 689358
TI  - Effect of urophysial homogenates on plasma ion levels in Gillichthys mirabilis
      (Teleostei:Gobiidae).

PMID- 689359
TI  - The annual ovarian cycle of Chrysemys picta: correlated changes in plasma
      steroids and parameters of vitellogenesis.

PMID- 689360
TI  - [Effect of endocrine formations on the incorporation of tritiated leucine into
      proteins of the hepatopancreas of the shrimp Palaemon serratus Pennant].

PMID- 689361
TI  - In vivo responses of female snakes (Natrix fasciata) and female turtles
      (Chrysemys picta) to ovine gonadotropins (FSH and LH) as measured by plasma
      progesterone, testosterone, and estradiol levels.

PMID- 689362
TI  - Evidence of the in vitro formation of cortisol by the adrenal gland of embryonic
      and young chickens (Gallus domesticus).

PMID- 689363
TI  - The effects of vertebrate gonadotrophins on androgen release in vitro from
      testicular cells of Japanese quail and a comparison with their radioimmunoassay
      activities.

PMID- 689364
TI  - The hepatic catabolism of cortisol in teleost fish--adrenal origin of 11
      oxotestosterone precursors.

PMID- 689365
TI  - Maternal affect-allowance and limit-setting appropriateness as predictors of
      child adjustment.
AB  - This study sought to determine whether social competence in children is related
      to maternal ability to (a) respond differentially to child compliance and
      noncompliance; and (b) be tolerant of child affect. The study sought to validate
      aspects of the "reflective" view of personality socialization. One hundred and
      ninety-five 4-year-olds were rated on the Kohn social competence scale. Mothers
      were asked to role-play typical responses to childrearing vignettes. The
      vignettes portrayed child compliance or noncompliance and child affect or no
      affect. Maternal responses were scored on control level and affect acceptance.
      The results generally supported the hypotheses. Mothers of high socially
      competent children were more likely to gear their limit-setting efforts to the
      fact of noncompliance, regardless of whether affect was expressed. Furthermore,
      they were more likely to make comments supporting the expression of affect. The
      results, in addition to supporting a reflective approach to discipline, suggest
      the need for socialization researchers to adopt a more differentiated approach to
      the measurement of parental "control" than has been the case in previous
      investigations.

PMID- 689366
TI  - Induced resistance to 6-methylpurine and cycloheximide in tetrahymena. I. Germ
      line mutants of T. thermophila.
AB  - Two new mutant lines of Tetrahymena thermophila (T. pyriformis, syngen 1), each
      conferring resistance to a different agent, are described. Resistance to
      cycloheximide and 6-methylpurine are each determined by dominant genes, ChxA2 and
      Mpr; the traits show phenotypic assortment. The method used to select these
      mutations, the critical importance of backcrossing to wild type following
      mutagenesis, and the utility of these marker genes in further mutagenic selection
      schemes and studies of the sexual cycle of Tetrahymena are noted.

PMID- 689367
TI  - Induced resistance to 6-methylpurine and cycloheximide in Tetrahymena. II.
      Variation within vegetative cultures of micronucleate T. thermophila and
      amicronucleate T. pyriformis.
AB  - Resistance to 6-methylpurine and cycloheximide has been induced in both the
      micronucleate species Tetrahymena thermophila and the amicronucleate species T.
      pyriformis. Resistance follows only after mutagen treatment and vegetative
      growth. The frequencies with which resistant variants are induced and the
      independence of mutagenesis and selection are demonstrated. All evidence is
      consistent with the hypothesis that macronuclear subunits are assorting in both
      species during vegetative growth to produce new phenotypes among subclones.

PMID- 689368
TI  - [Possible role of protein damage in the development of UV-induced isochromatid
      breaks].
AB  - The rate of structural chromosome mutations at the second K-mitosis was studied
      in the primary culture of embryonic fibroblasts from BALB mice, after treating
      these cells with UV-rays at various wavelength during G2-phase. The action
      spectrum of UV-rays for chromatid aberrations, determined at 254, 265, 280 and
      302 nm, was found to be closely similar to the absorption spectra of thymidine
      and to the spectrum of the formation of DNA crosslinks. The action spectrum for
      isochromatid breaks, determined at the same wavelength, was similar to the
      spectra of protein absorption. Caffeine (1.37 mM) increases the rate of UV
      induced chromatid breaks, when the cells were treated at the S-period of the
      second mitotic cycle after irradiation and had no effect on other aberration
      types. It is suggested that various primary damages are responsible for chromatid
      aberrations and isochromatid breaks. Transversal DNA-DNA crosslinks, formed as a
      result of thymine dimerization, underlie chromatid aberrations. Chromophor of
      protein nature is of importance in the origin of isochromatid breaks.

PMID- 689369
TI  - [Effect of genotype on the angiotensin-forming system of plasma and the
      hypothalamus].
AB  - It is shown that hypothalamic renin-like enzyme of mice (lines C57B1/6 and
      BALB/c) consists of two forms differing from one another in their molecular
      weight. The allele AY determines the absence of the heavy form of renin-like
      hypothalamic enzyme (RLHE) and a relatively low level of activity of the blood
      plasma renin in intact animals. The heavy form of RLHE disappears in mice in case
      of a considerable dehydration.

PMID- 689370
TI  - [Cytogenetic study of 6,000 newborn infants].

PMID- 689371
TI  - [Temperature-sensitive mutations as a possible cause of human embryo fatalities].
AB  - Mutations to temperature sensitivity (ts') are suggested to be a casue of the
      embryo death. In the course of investigation of 102 cases of spontaneous
      abortions (sporadic and habitual) in 5 cases it was found, that cells propagate
      badly at 37 degrees C and die at 40 degrees C. Such cell strains could be
      successfully maintained only at 32 degrees C. Thus the possibility of direct
      identification of human embryolethals is proved. A hypothesis is advanced that
      ts' mutations can be a cause not only of spontaneous abortions, but of congenital
      malformations as well.

PMID- 689372
TI  - Meiosis in Schizophyllum commune: premeiotic DNA replication and meiotic
      synchrony induced with hydroxyurea.

PMID- 689373
TI  - Cell numbers and cell sizes in organs of mice selected for large and small body
      size.

PMID- 689374
TI  - Genetic variation in plasma thyroxine levels and minimal metabolic rates of the
      mouse, Mus musculus.

PMID- 689375
TI  - Lysosomal N-acetyl-beta-hexosaminidase and beta-glucuronidase activities from
      arterial wall. Variations with aging.
AB  - Properties of two hydrolases: beta-glucuronidase and N-acetyl-beta-hexosaminidase
      were studied in lysosomal fractions of media-intima from arterial wall. These
      enzymatic activities change significantly with aging. In the arterial wall, the
      decrease in activities of beta-glucuronidase and N-acetyl-beta-hexosaminidase
      between young and old rats was highly significant while there no notable change
      in the activities of acid phosphatase. These data are in agreement with the
      metabolic slow-down and the modifications of the glycosaminoglycan distribution
      in the media-intima of arterial wall with aging.

PMID- 689376
TI  - The effect of an amino acid analogue, p-fluorophenylalanine, on longevity of
      mice.

PMID- 689377
TI  - Test of some aging hypotheses using two-dimensional protein mapping.
AB  - We have compared the proteins from superior cervical sympathetic ganglia (SCSG)
      in young and old male Fischer rats. We have searched for the kinds of changes in
      protein size or charge which are predicted by such cellular aging theories as the
      error catastrophe theory, the somatic mutation theory, the cross-linkage theory,
      translational aging, the deamidation theory, and the autoimmune theory. SCSG from
      young (2 months to 1 year) and old (21-24 months) rats were labeled in vitro for
      1 h with 14C-leucine prior to protein extraction for analysis. Protein analysis
      was on high-resolution, two dimensional polyacrylamide gels using O'Farrell's
      technique, with some modifications. Proteins were separated according to
      isoelectric point in one dimension and molecular weight in the second dimension.
      The changes predicted by the above aging theories were detected neither in the
      staining pattern, showing protein amounts, nor in the labeling pattern on
      autoradiographs of dried gels, showing newly synthesized proteins. The results
      suggest the possibility that, at least for rat, some other mechanisms for aging
      are present.

PMID- 689378
TI  - Hypothalamic neuron number of old female rats.
AB  - Neuron density, volume of the area and total neuron number were measured in the
      medial preoptic area (MPOA), supraoptic nucleus (SO), paraventricular nucleus
      (PVN), anterior hypothalamic area (AHA), ventromedial nucleus (VMN), dorsomedial
      nucleus (DMN) and arcuate nucleus (ARN) of the hypothalamus in young adult female
      rats (3.5-5 months old) and in old female rats (over 24 months old). As age
      advances there is a tendency to increase in the volume of hypothalamic area and
      consequently decrease in the neuron density. However, loss of neuron due to aging
      occurs only in MPOA, AHA and ARN. The decrease in neuron number due to aging in
      these three areas ranged from 23 to 50%. No neuron loss due to aging was observed
      in SO, PVN, VMN and DMN. The physiological significance of neuron loss in MPOA,
      AHA and ARN is discussed.

PMID- 689379
TI  - Bidder's hypothesis revisited. Solution to some key problems associated with
      general molecular theory of ageing.
AB  - In this paper I consider three major difficulties associated with the general
      molecular theory of ageing, namely: (1) How can molecular damage accumulate in
      the face of the constellation of repair mechanisms that is found in cells? (2)
      How can the obvious programmatic nature of ageing be reconciled with underlying
      stochastic processes? (3) How do some organisms avoid ageing? As a solution to
      points 1 and 2, I propose that the repair mechanisms themselves deteriorate in a
      programmed fashion with age. However, I argue that this programming is unlikely
      to be a result of direct selection for life-shortening but, rather, is more
      likely to be a result of an indirect selection for other characters. This idea is
      very similar to the theory of senescence first formulated by Bidder. The solution
      to point 3 is that the repair mechanisms in systems which avoid ageing, in
      particular cellular and molecular turnover, are not impaired with age. The
      rejuvenating capacities of sexual and asexual reproduction are also discussed.

PMID- 689380
TI  - Some unusual features of Paget's disease of bone.
AB  - The usual features of Paget's disease of bone, e.g. large head, deafness due to
      involvement of the 8th cranial nerve and bowing of the legs are all well
      described in text books of medicine. However, some features such as platybasia
      with neurological deficit, involvement of the 2nd, 5th and 7th cranial nerves,
      hydrocephalus, dementia, dysphasia, corrugation of the skull, bone pain (with or
      without associated osteo-arthrosis of hips and knees), heart failure, triradiate
      deformity of the pelvis have either had an inadequate or no description in books.
      These features are unusual, but it is important to recognise them, as the
      advances made since the introduction of the very promising new drugs in recent
      years have not only provided increasing insight into the disease, but also have
      improved management of patients with Paget's disease of bone.

PMID- 689381
TI  - Adrenal function and ascorbic acid concentrations in elderly women.
AB  - Tetracosactrin (Synacthen) tests were performed on 19 elderly women who had
      leucocyte ascorbic acid (LAA) levels of less than 15 microgram/108 WBC. 9 were
      then given a daily dose of 200 mg ascorbic acid orally for 2 weeks while the
      other 10 were left untreated. Following this, tetracosactrin tests were repeated
      in both groups. All initial plasm cortisol responses to tetracosactrin were
      within normal limits. Treatment with ascorbic acid produced no changes in these.
      This suggests that the low LAA levels often found in old people do not result in
      adrenal insufficiency.

PMID- 689382
TI  - [Free air convection heat transmission in heated vertical canals and heating
      apparatuses].

PMID- 689383
TI  - [DIN regulations relating to the computation of heat requirements in buildings.
      Principles of the new design].

PMID- 689384
TI  - [Heat pumps in the heating of living units].

PMID- 689385
TI  - [Current calculation methods for drainage conduits. Part I].

PMID- 689386
TI  - [Evaluation of continuous and discontinuous immission measurements in Bavaria and
      presentation of analysis results].

PMID- 689387
TI  - [Summertime temperature conditions of single-family houses].

PMID- 689388
TI  - [Adaptive reactions of the blood system to the prolonged effect on the body of
      atmospheric pollution].

PMID- 689389
TI  - [Prof. A. V. Roshchin's article, "The Problem of Correlations Between Dose and
      Effect in the Toxicology of Metals"].

PMID- 689390
TI  - [Hygienic regulation of chemical carcinogens (apropos of the article by N. N.
      Livinov and T. A. Titova, "Some Proposals on Standardizing the Methodological
      Approaches to the Experimental Substantiation of the MPEL of Chemical
      Carcinogens"].

PMID- 689392
TI  - [Plans and goals in the nutritional hygiene work of the health officer].

PMID- 689391
TI  - [Evaluation of the operating efficiency of the purification installations for
      industrial and domestic sewage].

PMID- 689393
TI  - [Hygienic substantiation of the air exchange regimen in sanitary chemical
      research of polymeric materials intended for ship building].

PMID- 689394
TI  - [Problems of the preventive and current sanitary inspection of pedicure offices].

PMID- 689395
TI  - [Effect of low levels of ship-board noise on the rate of free associations in
      stewardesses].

PMID- 689396
TI  - [Action of dimethyldioxane on the generative function of experimental animals].

PMID- 689398
TI  - [Dependence of the toxicity of the pesticide, metaphos, on the dose of
      ultraviolet irradiation of the body].

PMID- 689397
TI  - [Biochemical research to evaluate the biological effect of the combined action of
      ultraviolet radiation and dinitrochlorobenzene].

PMID- 689399
TI  - [Data for substantiating the maxium permissible concentration of 2 aromatic
      diamines in the water of reservoirs].

PMID- 689400
TI  - [Effect of phthalophos on embryogenesis and its metabolism in the body of white
      rats and their embryos].

PMID- 689401
TI  - [Data for establishing the permissible amounts for migration of the stabilizer AO
      40 (Agidol) from rubbers and plastics].

PMID- 689402
TI  - [Effect of pesticides on the immunological reactivity of the animal and human
      body].

PMID- 689403
TI  - [Hygiene of the mental work and physical education of university students].

PMID- 689404
TI  - [Effect of working conditions on the state of health and work capacity of
      adolescent workers engaged in the meat-processing industry].

PMID- 689405
TI  - [Content of 90Sr and 137Cs of global origin in the food ration of the population
      of the Soviet Union in 1972-1975].

PMID- 689406
TI  - [Effectiveness of using a boundary check on student knowledge in a department of
      communal hygiene].

PMID- 689407
TI  - [Experience with student academic research work].

PMID- 689408
TI  - [Experimental assessment of the state of the cardiovascular system as a criterion
      for the hygienic standardization of harmful substances].

PMID- 689409
TI  - [Experience with using a physical work capacity test in hygienic research].

PMID- 689410
TI  - [Experimental study of carbon disulfide action on the development of the
      atherosclerotic process].

PMID- 689411
TI  - [Hourly diuresis as an integral index of metabolic shifts].

PMID- 689412
TI  - [Use of radioisotope methods in a hygiene experiment].

PMID- 689413
TI  - [Methodological approaches to biochemical research on the enzymes of differing
      localization in rat pulmonary alveolar macrophages].

PMID- 689414
TI  - [Express method of determining the rate of oxyhemoglobin dissociation in hygienic
      research].

PMID- 689415
TI  - [Determination of the vulcanization accelerator, carbamate-BZ, and its conversion
      products in sanitary chemical research on rubbers].

PMID- 689416
TI  - [Improved method of indicating Enterobacteriaceae group bacteria in milk and on
      milking equipment].

PMID- 689417
TI  - [New development in the method of studying helminth egg viability in soil].

PMID- 689418
TI  - [Use of a polarographic method for determining the BOD of industrial sewage].

PMID- 689419
TI  - [Mathematical planning experiment at radiation control of the water-cooling plant
      of the I, V. Kuchatov Beloyarskoye Atomic Electric Power Station].

PMID- 689420
TI  - [Scintillation method of determining 129I in environmental objects].

PMID- 689421
TI  - [Method of hygienic regulation of chemical blastomogens in various media].

PMID- 689422
TI  - [Tumors of the ovary. Clinico-pathological considerations].

PMID- 689423
TI  - [Pseudocyesis].

PMID- 689424
TI  - [Induction of ovulation with tamoxifen].

PMID- 689425
TI  - [False-positive tests in prenatal fetal monitoring. Role of atropine in the
      differential diagnosis].

PMID- 689426
TI  - [Estriol succinate and its effect on the contractility of the human uterus during
      the climateric].

PMID- 689427
TI  - [Weight of the newborn infant, son of a toxemic mother].

PMID- 689428
TI  - [Training in gynecology and obstetrics in Venezuela].

PMID- 689429
TI  - [Treatment of Candida vulvovaginitis with clotrimazol for 3 days].

PMID- 689430
TI  - [Clinical trial of a new suction system for uterine curettage. Preliminary
      report].

PMID- 689431
TI  - [Viral hepatitis during pregnancy].

PMID- 689432
TI  - [Maternal-fetal risk in the adolescent patient during obstetric surgery].

PMID- 689433
TI  - [Congenital abscence of the vas deferens].

PMID- 689434
TI  - [Simplified immunology for the diagnosis of pregnancy].

PMID- 689436
TI  - [Basic results and prospects of physiological, hygienic and psychological
      research on monotonous work processes].

PMID- 689435
TI  - [Postabortion intrauterine device].

PMID- 689437
TI  - [Physical work capacity study in monotonous types of work activities].

PMID- 689438
TI  - [Hygienic evaluation of the automated equipment in machine shops].

PMID- 689439
TI  - [Hygienic evaluation of the basic design decisions for the component shops of
      glass factories].

PMID- 689440
TI  - [Methodological problems of psychohygienic research in occupations with work
      under nervous tension].

PMID- 689441
TI  - [State of the sympathetic-adrenal system in workers subjected to prolonged
      exposure to intensive industrial noise (based on urinary catecholamine excretion
      data)].

PMID- 689442
TI  - [Effectiveness of using unithiol in combination with ephedrine in acute enteral
      poisoning with sodium bichromate].

PMID- 689443
TI  - [On the 50th anniversary of the 2d All-Union Congress on Occupational Hygiene and
      Safety Engineering].

PMID- 689444
TI  - [Early signs of exposure to intermittent noise in rolling mill workers].

PMID- 689445
TI  - [Work energy expenditures in coal coke manufacture].

PMID- 689447
TI  - [Electroesthesiometry in vibration disease].

PMID- 689446
TI  - [State of the functional activity of the sympathetic-adrenal and enterochromaffin
      systems in construction workers and assemblers working on heights].

PMID- 689448
TI  - [Dosimetric control in the noise exposure of workers].

PMID- 689449
TI  - [Permeability of capillary-connective tissue structures in vibration disease
      patients].

PMID- 689450
TI  - [Sanitary standardization of the chemical compound content in the air of a work
      area in relation to the problem of the late sequelae of exposure].

PMID- 689451
TI  - [Clinical aspects and the functional pathology of anthophyllite asbestosis].

PMID- 689452
TI  - [Antifibrotic action of a new Soviet-produced, N-oxide-containing polymer, poly-N
      oxyl-1-2-ethylene piperidine in experimental silicosis].

PMID- 689453
TI  - [Change in the phospholipid status in experimental silicosis in rats and in
      exposure to polymeric preparations].

PMID- 689454
TI  - [Industrial hygiene problems in connection with the use of diesel-powered loading
      machinery in iron ore mines].

PMID- 689455
TI  - [Clinical biochemical blood indices in experimental boric anhydride dusting].

PMID- 689456
TI  - [Problem of bacterial pollution of the work area in the manufacture of animal
      products on an industrial basis].

PMID- 689457
TI  - [Data for establishing the maximum permissible concentration of hydroquinone in
      the air of a work area].

PMID- 689458
TI  - [Cellular-type reactions in experimental silicosis].

PMID- 689459
TI  - [Physical work capacity in pneumoconioses among grinders].

PMID- 689460
TI  - [Course of pneumoconiosis and work capacity problems among retired miners].

PMID- 689461
TI  - [Comparative hygienic evaluation of the fibrogenic and general toxic action of
      magnide dust].

PMID- 689462
TI  - [Effect of polyvinylpyridine N-oxide on pulmonary tissue scleroproteins in
      experimental silicosis].

PMID- 689463
TI  - [Chamber for the inhalatory exposure of the animal organism to dust].

PMID- 689464
TI  - [Determination of p-chlorophenol and phenol in air].

PMID- 689465
TI  - [Neuroendocrine conditioning of cervix neoplasms].

PMID- 689466
TI  - [Analysis of premature labor].

PMID- 689467
TI  - [Obstetrical complications in induced abortions].

PMID- 689468
TI  - [Karyotype studies in abortion].

PMID- 689469
TI  - [Monoamine oxidase activity in women treated with clomide for functional
      sterility].

PMID- 689470
TI  - [Analysis of the postoperative course in women following abdominal gynecological
      surgery].

PMID- 689471
TI  - [Treatment of cases of ovarian neoplasms in girls and adolescents].

PMID- 689472
TI  - [Spontaneous rupture of uterine varicose vein during 1st stage of labor].

PMID- 689473
TI  - [Term abdominal pregnancy].

PMID- 689474
TI  - [Diagnostic problems in primary oviduct neoplasms].

PMID- 689475
TI  - [Uterine prolapse as a cause of bilateral hydronephrosis].

PMID- 689476
TI  - [Effect of orciprenaline and papaverine on the pressure during the perfusion of
      the human placenta in experimental conditions].

PMID- 689477
TI  - [Potentiation of the effect of aminophylline on human myometrium and placental
      vessels' contractility by the action of adenosine].

PMID- 689478
TI  - [Blood serum concentration of mucoproteins in samples taken from women with
      intrahepatic cholestasis in pregnancy. I. Enzymatic changes].

PMID- 689479
TI  - [Vaginal bacterial flora and the course of risk pregnancy].

PMID- 689480
TI  - [Metastasis of ovarian epithelial neoplasms as observed during surgery].

PMID- 689481
TI  - [Case of mechanical ileus in pregnancy].

PMID- 689482
TI  - Second maligancies of the irradiated area in patients treated for uterine cervix
      cancer.

PMID- 689483
TI  - Endometrial carcinoma in gonadal dysgenesis with and without estrogen therapy.

PMID- 689484
TI  - Cervical neoplasia and gland openings.

PMID- 689485
TI  - Epidemiologic features of canine ovarian neoplasms.

PMID- 689486
TI  - Surgery in endometrial cancer: age, route, and operability rate in 854 stage I
      and II fresh consecutive cases: 1955--1976.

PMID- 689487
TI  - Blue nevus of the endocervix: report of two cases and ultrastructure.

PMID- 689488
TI  - Paneth cells in a mucinous cystadenoma of the ovary: light and electron
      microscopic study.

PMID- 689489
TI  - Acquired antithrombin III deficiency in patients with glomerular proteinuria.
AB  - Antithrombin III (AT II/III) was determined immunologically and by means of a
      heparin cofactor assay in plasma samples and 24-hour urine of 15 patients with
      various degrees of proteinuria, being predominantly of glomerular origin. In
      urine the AT II/III concentrations were significantly correlated to the
      concentrations of albumin, plasminogen and IgG. One third of the patients had AT
      II/III plasma levels below the normal range. The plasma levels showed a
      significant inverse correlation to the AT II/III and albumin clearance rates.
      Similarily, the plasminogen concentrations in plasma were decreased in two thirds
      of the patients, being inversely correlated to the renal plasminogen clearance
      values. It is proposed that AT II/III deficiency in the nephrotic syndrome is an
      important pathogenetic factor in venous thrombosis.

PMID- 689490
TI  - Soluble plasma fibrin and platelet prostaglandin endoperoxides following
      myocardial infarction.
AB  - Following myocardial infarction, soluble fibrin in plasma is often elevated as a
      sign of an activated plasmatic coagulation system. Soluble fibrin in plasma is
      most pronounced in shock patients under catecholamine administration. With the
      improvement of the clinical situation the fibrin concentration declines to
      normal. Following incubation with N-ethylmaleimide an increased production of
      prostaglandin endoperoxides is observed in the platelets of patients after
      myocardial infarction compared to normal platelets. Plasma of patients exhibits
      an endoperoxide-producing effect on normal platelets. The stimulating effect of
      patient plasma diminishes together with the fall of soluble plasma fibrin. These
      phenomena may be considered as signs of a relation between the plasmatic and
      thrombocytic coagulation system.

PMID- 689491
TI  - Comparison of antithrombotic activity of heparin, ASA, sulfinpyrazone and VK 744
      in a rat model of arterial thrombosis.
AB  - Rat carotid arteries were injured electrically (350 V, 2 mA DC for 5 min) before
      and after the intravenous administration of heparin (1,000 U/kg), VK 744 (25, 50,
      100 mg/kg) ASA (100, 200 mg/kg) and sulfinpyrazone (50, 100, 150, 200 mg/kg).
      Thrombus growth was quantified by recording arterial temperature change distal to
      the injury. Heparin completely blocked thrombus formation in most experiments.
      All other agents exhibited antithrombotic activity with sulfinpyrazone being most
      potent. None was as effective as heparin. This model may be a useful tool for
      screening antithrombotic drugs.

PMID- 689492
TI  - Acetylsalicylic acid and the cardiovascular effects of ADP in the rat.
AB  - Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) did not prevent the arrhythmias induced in rats by a
      bolus intravenous injection of ADP, an effect independent of platelets. ASA was
      also unable to protect the rats from the platelet-mediated cardiovascular effects
      and myocardial ischaemia induced by a prolonged ADP infusion. It is suggested
      that the release of vasoactive substances inhibited by ASA does not play a major
      role in the cardiovascular effects of ADP in rats.

PMID- 689493
TI  - Rigidity of red cells in essential hypertension.
AB  - Both viscosity of blood and the rigidity of red cells are of consequence in the
      mechanism of hypertension. While the details of this mechanism are still elusive,
      the evidence presented might open the way for a wider inquiry into the role of
      blood rheology in hypertension.

PMID- 689494
TI  - [Solitary cyst of the distal radius].
AB  - One case of an aneurysmal bone cyst in the distal end of the radius of a 10 year
      old boy is described. These bone cysts probably develop from local hemodynamic
      disturbance and should be treated by evacuation and cancellous bone packing.
      Their propensity for recurrence is confirmed in the literature.

PMID- 689495
TI  - [Gout - a surgical problem].
AB  - The incidence of gout has increased in recent years. For effective treatment an
      interdisciplinary approach is necessary. Medical therapy can be effectively
      supported by surgical removal of the tophi. This way normalisation of the uric
      acid-pool can be achieved more quickly without additional harmful effects on the
      kidneys. Especially in the area of the hand surgical extirpation of the tophi can
      be gratifying, though it may be a difficult task. Severe restrictions in function
      of the hand can be corrected. This is demonstrated by the case of a 56 year old
      patient.

PMID- 689496
TI  - [Muscle reimplantation in the elbow area].

PMID- 689497
TI  - Arterial patterns in the hand and pollicisation.
AB  - The arterial pattern of the human hand shows remarkable variations in so called
      normal individuals. In patients with congenital deformities of the hand there are
      also be variations based on embryonic disturbances. Therefore, the total pattern
      is complex. Successful transfer of fingers depends on an adequate blood supply.
      In some individuals there are variations in the patterns of blood supply which
      make a finger transfer more risky. Modern angiography makes the study of the
      arterial patterns of the hand possible. The authors state that angiography is
      essential in the pre-operative examination of a candidate for finger transfer.
      Three case histories illustrate this statement.

PMID- 689498
TI  - [Stabilization by pinning of a fracture of the phalanx].

PMID- 689499
TI  - [Perilunar, transscaphoid, transcapital, transstyloid fracture-dislocation of the
      wrist. Operative reconstruction].
AB  - Report of a new type of fracture dislocation of the wrist and the intercarpal
      joints, which has not been published until now. A perilunar dislocation was
      associated with fractures of the scaphoid and capitate bones as well as a
      fracture of the radialstyloid. Open reduction and internal fixation was followed
      by fracture healing and slight posttraumatic arthritis. Loss of function was
      minimal and working capacity not reduced.

PMID- 689500
TI  - [Biomechanical aspects of arthrosis of the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb and
      its treatment with a special endoprosthesis].
AB  - The joint between the trapezium and the first metacarpal is anatomically like a
      saddle. In function, however, it is used like a ball and socket joint with the
      following possible movements: 1. Flexion - extension, 2. abduction - adduction,
      3. opposition and circumduction. The movements in the two first planes are
      completely congruent, whereas in the third an incongruent motion of the joint is
      created by the rotation of the metacarpal on the trapezium. In this situation
      there is joint contact at one point only, being - biomechanically - a
      prearthrotic deformity as described by HACKENBROCH. Accordingly, the
      carpometacarpal joint of the thumb in normal use is exposed to special stress
      which can end in degeneration. When in arthrosis of the carpometacarpal joint of
      the thumb conservative measures fail, we replace the deformed joint by prosthesis
      having the construction of a ball and socket joint. The prosthesis (designed by
      FRANCOBAL) has a metallic part with body, neck and a sphereshaped head, and a
      polyethylene socket, which can be coupled to the head by a snap mechanism. Both
      parts are inserted with polymethylmetacrylate cement into the prepared bone of
      the trapezium and the first metacarpal. The advantages of this method are: no
      pain, stability of grip, and motion similar to that of a ball and socket joint.
      Because this motion is physiological, loosening of the implants and their
      insertions are avoided. The first 8 patients treated with this method show
      satisfying functional results. The longer follow-up time is 6 years.

PMID- 689501
TI  - [Osteolysis of a dysplastic ulna following fracture in hereditary
      "pseudarthrosis"].

PMID- 689502
TI  - [Pseudarthrosis following radial fracture close to the wrist joint - a
      therapeutic error?].

PMID- 689503
TI  - [Dorsal dislocation in the carpometacarpal joint II with additional rotation
      dislocation].

PMID- 689504
TI  - [Aplasia of the motor branch of the median nerve].

PMID- 689505
TI  - [Asymmetric macrodactylia of the index finger].

PMID- 689506
TI  - [Treatment results in fractures and pseudarthrosis of the scaphoid bone].
AB  - In 258 patients with fractures and pseudarthroses of the carpal scaphoid the
      cause and type are given and the results of treatment are presented. It is
      verified that the majority of fresh fractures are united by plaster
      immobilisation. In fractures with delayed healing and in cases with non-union the
      best results are achieved by autologous bone grafting.

PMID- 689507
TI  - [The gluteal sky-line: a diagnostic sign in sciatica. Preliminary report].

PMID- 689508
TI  - [Single dose radiotherapy of brain metastases].

PMID- 689509
TI  - ["Bain": a new anesthetic system for maintenance of pCO2 during anesthesia].

PMID- 689510
TI  - [Urodynamic studies in urinary incontinence].

PMID- 689511
TI  - [The effect of intravenous atropine on the pupil].

PMID- 689512
TI  - [Headache as a complication of spinal anesthesia].

PMID- 689513
TI  - [Opportunistic fungi in the sputum of patients with malignancy].

PMID- 689514
TI  - [Sulindac in ankylosing spondylitis].

PMID- 689515
TI  - [Acute renal failure as a complication of angiography].

PMID- 689516
TI  - [Effect of Cerastes cerastes snake bite on coagulation].

PMID- 689517
TI  - [Juvenile diabetes with anorexia nervosa].

PMID- 689518
TI  - [Double pylorus].

PMID- 689519
TI  - [The painful semimembranous syndrome].

PMID- 689520
TI  - [Israeli medicine enters its fourth decade].

PMID- 689521
TI  - [The Beer Sheba experience in promotion of health services and medical education:
      an interim report].

PMID- 689522
TI  - [Bone scanning as a diagnostic tool in bone traumatology].

PMID- 689523
TI  - [New aspects on the role of the liver in vitamin D metabolism].

PMID- 689524
TI  - [Folic acid and the nervous system].

PMID- 689525
TI  - [Emotional aspects of drug therapy in schizophrenia].

PMID- 689526
TI  - [Rehabilitation after myocardial infarction].

PMID- 689527
TI  - [Treatment of hyperlipidemia].

PMID- 689528
TI  - [Treatment of phosphorus burns].

PMID- 689529
TI  - [Soave's operation in infants with Hirschsprung's disease].

PMID- 689530
TI  - [Neurilemmomas of peripheral nerves].

PMID- 689531
TI  - [Combined haloperidol and scopolamine for tranquilization of extremely restless
      patients].

PMID- 689532
TI  - [Iridocyclectomy for intraocular malignant melanoma].

PMID- 689533
TI  - [Termination of pregnancy following ultrasonic diagnosis of anencephaly].

PMID- 689534
TI  - [Fatal anaphylactic shock following removal of echinococcal cysts].

PMID- 689535
TI  - [Immunologic manifestations in subacute bacterial endocarditis].

PMID- 689536
TI  - [Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (DDP--a new drug for the treatment of cancer].

PMID- 689537
TI  - [Hemoglobin A1 c and evaluation of balance and complications of diabetes].

PMID- 689538
TI  - [Transfer factor: basic aspects and clinical use].

PMID- 689539
TI  - [Role of H-Y antigen in sex determination].

PMID- 689540
TI  - [Treatment of gonorrhea].

PMID- 689541
TI  - [Spontaneous rupture of the spleen in acute leukemia].

PMID- 689542
TI  - [Steady state serum digoxin concentrations with digoxin(Zori, New Formulation)].

PMID- 689543
TI  - Group treatment of epileptics.
AB  - Contrary to popular belief, in most cases epilepsy need not be a major handicap
      to the individual. However, epileptic patients usually have a variety of
      psychosocial problems, largely because of the pressures and frustrations with
      which they are often confronted in society and at home. The authors describe an
      interdisciplinary approach to the health care of these patients in which group
      treatment was a primary component.

PMID- 689544
TI  - Reflections for Rosalynn: mental health policy and time lag.
AB  - By establishing the President's Commission on Mental Health early in his
      Administration and by ordering the final report to be presented by mid-1978,
      President Carter appears to have insured that this commission will have direct
      impact on mental health legislation. The authors point out how the work of
      previous commissions was delayed to the point of being negated by changes in the
      sociopolitical climate.

PMID- 689545
TI  - Medical problems of the alcoholic in nonmedical treatment.
AB  - The ambivalence about chronic alcohol abuse among health and related
      professionals can result in their failure to appreciate medical complications
      frequently associated with this disorder. Data from 81 male alcoholics are
      presented in this article to illustrate their increased risk of physical illness
      and premature death. The authors point to the need for more effective screening
      and monitoring procedures in alcoholism programs as well as improved training of
      professionals.

PMID- 689546
TI  - Managing the psychosocial factor in disaster programs.
AB  - In developing disaster plans, hospital administrators are not always aware that
      the psychosocial needs of victims and their families can be greater than their
      medical needs. The author outlines a program to deal with the psychosocial factor
      in disasters, emphasizing the role of the social work department.

PMID- 689547
TI  - Visiting aides training program.
AB  - This article describes a hospital-sponsored service program in which mature
      members of the community are given a course of supervised field training in the
      home care of recently discharged patients. The program benefits the trainee, the
      patient, and the general taxpayer.

PMID- 689548
TI  - Group meetings for families of burned children.

PMID- 689549
TI  - Educating the consumer about emergency medical services.

PMID- 689550
TI  - A model for cooperation between social workers.

PMID- 689551
TI  - Alternatives to institutional care.

PMID- 689552
TI  - Abortion: yesterday, today, and tomorrow--a rebuttal.

PMID- 689553
TI  - Screening for PKU.

PMID- 689554
TI  - Let's not lose the individual.

PMID- 689555
TI  - Innovative roles for social workers in home-care programs.
AB  - Home care has become recognized as an effective means of preventing or postponing
      costly institutionalization. In order to provide more comprehensive programs,
      home health agencies will require the services of professionally trained social
      workers. The author describes several roles for social workers trained in
      clinical services, administration, and planning.

PMID- 689556
TI  - Attitudes toward elderly clients.
AB  - Many studies have found that social workers often have negative feelings about
      the elderly. The authors review research findings in this area, offer
      explanations for the negative feelings of professionals, and provide suggestions
      for insuring appropriate attitudes among those who work with elderly clients.

PMID- 689557
TI  - Latex reaction with toxoplasma antigen.
AB  - The technique of latex reaction with toxoplasma antigen is briefly described. The
      results of latex reaction are compared with those obtained by complement-fixation
      test, indirect fluorescence reaction and microprecipitation in gel.

PMID- 689558
TI  - Redescription of the nematode Philometra obturans (Prenant, 1886) with a key to
      the philometrid nematodes parasitic in European freshwater fishes.
AB  - A redescription of the nematode Ph. obturans (Prenant, 1886), based on specimens
      from pike (Esox lucius L.) from the R. Elbe basin in Czechoslovakia, is
      presented. In addition to gravid, subgravid and mature females from the blood
      system also the male and mature female, found for the first time in the host's
      eye, are described. The paper is supplemented by a key for the identification of
      the philometrid nematodes parasitizing freshwater fishes of Europe.

PMID- 689559
TI  - On some theoretical and practical aspects of population variability in helminths.
AB  - Possibilities of studies of some microevolutionary processes in helminths on the
      basis of knowledge of their variability are presented. The practical aspects of
      the study of helminth variability are also referred to. In conclusion the author
      states that the investigation of non-morphological characters of helminths, in
      relation to various morphological structures of phenotypes in the populations of
      parasite and host, represents a sphere in which the interests of theoretical and
      practical helminthology meet with one another.

PMID- 689561
TI  - First record of Molnaria erythrophthalmi larvae in the intermediate host in
      Czechoslovakia.

PMID- 689560
TI  - Some aspects of monogenean existence.
AB  - This paper deals with some ecology and evolution problems of monogeneans--gill
      parasites of fishes, such as congeneric simultaneous doublets, spatial
      distribution of species on the gills, interspecific restrictions of biotopes etc.
      The author proves competitive character of site selection in monogeneans. The
      role of hermaphroditism in the evolution and biology of monogeneans, and
      morphological adaptations (mainly androgynous) directed to increasing of mating
      chance are discussed. The author concentrates on analyzing the cases of
      monoxenous distribution and speciation and also on examining the concept of
      symxenity and alloxenity. He attaches great importance to ecological and
      evolutionary investigations of Monogenoidea.

PMID- 689562
TI  - Tissue reaction of the liver of cattle to an artificial or natural infection with
      Cysticercus bovis.
AB  - An evaluation of the tissue reaction to Cysticercus bovis in the liver of calves
      with an artificial infection and that of oxen with a natural infection provided
      evidence for the fact that the liver of these animals responded to an infection
      with C. bovis with an extensive granulomatous reaction. A comparison of tissue
      reaction to cysticerci at an identical stage of development showed that the
      reaction of the liver parenchyma was much more intensive than that of the heart
      and the skeletal muscles. In the described cases, this intensive reaction caused
      the death of the cysticerci before the completion of their development. Evidence
      was obtained for the first time that also in the liver C. bovis was located in
      the lymphatic vessels.

PMID- 689563
TI  - Contribution to the findings of eggs of Ascaris suum Goeze, 1782 in calves kept
      in the large-scale calf houses.

PMID- 689564
TI  - Investigations on the fauna of beds in flats, children's sanatoria and old-age
      homes.
AB  - An analysis was carried of the fauna found in 338 beds from two old-age homes and
      from flats inhabited by asthmatic children. During hospitalization of these
      children the fauna in the flats was compared with that found in beds used by them
      in sanatoria. The most abundant species proved to be Dermatophagoides
      pteronyssinus that is also widely spread in other countries of Europe. The bed
      fauna in the sanatoria is very poor, corresponding to the improved state of
      health of patients during hospitalization. The authors assume that the low
      population density of fauna is influenced by constant airing of rooms and by
      strict separation of bedrooms from dining halls and other premises. Also the
      number of mites in different padding material used in mattresses was evaluated
      and an analysis of the general fauna per bed was carried out.

PMID- 689565
TI  - Natural infection of the tick Dermacentor reticulatus (Fabr.) with the
      microsporidian Nosema slovaca Weiser et Rehacek in Slovakia.
AB  - A total of 6,199 adult ticks (Haemaphysalis intermis, Dermacentor reticulatus, D.
      marginatus and Ixodes ricinus) collected in three localities in Slovakia were
      examined for microsporidian infection. The spores of Nosema slovaca were found in
      six D. reticulatus (0.097%). The microsporidian experimentally inoculated into
      the hemocele of half-engorged females of D. reticulatus caused acute infection
      and death of the host. The infection can be transmitted also to other tick
      species from the same region. The yield of spores from one tick ranges from 3 X
      10(5) to 52 X 10(7) depending on the infection dose and tick species. Peroral
      infection of some butterfly larvae with the microsporidian pores was
      unsuccessful. The importance of Nosema infection in ticks in nature is discussed.

PMID- 689566
TI  - A new cestode Eniochobothrium trygonis sp.n. from Trygon sephen.

PMID- 689567
TI  - Microscopical anatomy of larva of cheladonta costulata (Acarina: Trombiculidae)
      II. Body tegument and digestive system.
AB  - The cuticle of gnathosoma of Cheladonta costulata larva consists of a smooth and
      firm epicuticle and sclerotized procuticle. The cuticle of the idiosoma is
      elastic. The wall of the digestive system is formed by cells lying on the basal
      membrane. During the process of sucking, however, the intestinal cells, which
      were originally spherical, get an appearance of a club reaching up to the lumen
      of intestine. In a fully engorged larva the intestine appears to be united and
      fill the major part of body. The lumen of the intestine is filled with
      eosinophilic granules of various size, among which are minute granules with
      basophilic tinge. The excretory bladder is located between posterior lobes of the
      intestine. In an unengorged larva, the excretory bladder is conical and possesses
      a conspicuous wall of a cellular structure. Its lumen is empty. In a fully
      engorged larva, the excretory bladder is oval, covered with a thin membrane, and
      its lumen is filled with guanine crystals.

PMID- 689568
TI  - Thirty years since February 1948--thirty years of development of Czechoslovak
      parasitology.

PMID- 689569
TI  - Improved yields of daunomycinone glycosides in developmental mutants of
      Streptomyces coeruleorubidus.
AB  - When improving Streptomyces coeruleorubidus JA 10092, a producer of antibiotics
      of the daunomycinone complex, the most active variants were found among isolates
      of morphological types bld-1 (with a suppressed production of the aerial mycelium
      on organic media containing glucose) and whi (with an asporogenic aerial mycelium
      on glucose media and with the bald phenotype on media containing starch).
      Submerged cultures of the whi mutants produced increased quantities of
      daunomycinone glycosides in the antibiotic complex, the amount of free
      anthracyclinones being simultaneously decreased. The whi strains differed from
      the wild type also in higher demands for aeration, concentration of glucose and
      in an increased production capacity in starch media. The overall antibiotic
      activity increased more than 40 times after a six-step selection (application of
      UV light, gamma-radiation, nitrous acid and natural spreads) combined with an
      altered fermentation technology.

PMID- 689570
TI  - Mutants of Streptomyces coeruleorubidus impaired in the biosynthesis of
      daunomycinone glycosides and related metabolites.
AB  - Mutants of Streptomyces coeruleorubidus, blocked in the biosynthesis of
      anthracycline antibiotics of the daunomycine complex, were isolated from the
      production strains after treatment with UV light, gamma-radiation, nitrous acid,
      and after natural selection; according to their different biosynthetic activity
      the mutants were divided into five phenotypic groups. Mutants of two of these
      groups produced compounds that had not yet been described in Streptomyces
      coeruleorubidus (aklavinone, 7-deoxyaklavinone, zeta-rhodomycinone and glycosides
      of epsilon-rhodomycinone). The mutants differed from the parent strains and also
      mutually in morphological characteristics but no direct correlation between these
      changes and the biosynthetic activity could be observed in most cases.

PMID- 689571
TI  - The replication map of the chromosome of Mycobacterium phlei.
AB  - It was the aim of the present work to construct the replication map of the
      chromosome of Mycobacterium phlei. The method of mutagenesis of the replication
      point by N-methyl-N-nitroso-N'-nitroguanidine in synchronously dividing
      populations and the method of analysis of gene frequency were applied. The order
      of replication of 19 genes on the chromosome was determined by means of induction
      of back mutations and forward mutations in auxotrophic mutants PA leu and PA met
      and in double auxotrophic mutants with methionine as a reference marker.

PMID- 689572
TI  - The cytotoxic and cytocidal effect of colicin E3 on mammalian tissue cells.
AB  - The plasma membrane of mammalian cells can mediate the cytotoxic and cytocidal
      effects of colicin E3. As little as 10(2) lethal units of purified colicin E3 per
      cell exert a pronounced cytocidal effect on human epithelial HeLa cells and as
      little as 10(4) lethal units per cell also on line L mouse fibroblasts in tissue
      culture. Cells in complete monolayers are rapidly killed, become spherical and
      shrink, they are detached from the support and finally autolyzed. The percentage
      of killed cells in both lines is directly proportional to the multiplicity of
      colicin used. The LD50 for HeLa cells is about 30 times lower than for L cells.
      At the multiplicity of 10(5) I.u., usually 100% HeLa and 90% L cells are killed
      in 2--3 days. Purified colicins E2 and D have no demonstrable cytological effect
      on HeLa cells, although DNA synthesis in L cells appears to be partly inhibited
      by colicin E2. The profound effect of colicin E3 on mammalian cells could be
      interpreted in a similar way as in bacteria, viz. as a specific cleavage of rRNA.

PMID- 689573
TI  - Glucose-2-oxidase activity and accumulation of D-arabino-2-hexosulose in cultures
      of the basidiomycete Oudemansiella mucida.
AB  - Submerged cultures of the basidiomycete Oudemansiella mucida, strain III,
      accumulate D-arabino-2-hexosulose. The maximum yields during cultivations in
      shaker flasks or in a laboratory fermentor are 6--12 and 15 mg/ml, respectively
      (20--50% conversion of substrate glucose). The accumulation is transient, the
      aldoketose being again utilized after glucose exhaustion. Its production is
      stimulated by fluoride ions. The enzyme responsible for the C(2)-specific
      oxidation of D-glucose acts as an intracellular oxidase with a maximum activity
      in the exponential phase of growth. D-arabino-2-Hexosulose was also detected in
      the cultivation medium of the wood-rotting fungi Pleurotus ostreatus, Laetiporus
      sulphureus, and Phellinus abietis.

PMID- 689574
TI  - Studies on xylan hydrolases from different strains of Streptomyces and their
      mutual influences in the breakdown of xylan.
AB  - A good proportion of Sreptomyces isolates from natural sources produced
      extracellular xylan hydrolase. Nineteen isolated showing high activity were able
      to completely or partially degrade wheat bran in the growth medium.
      Chromatographic analysis of commercial xylan degradation products suggested that
      the isolates produced either endo- or exo-xylan hydrolases or their mixtures.
      Mixed additions of culture fluids showed a highly synergistic effect, up to an
      increase by 200%. In a few cases antagonism was seen which, however, could be
      removed by dialysis of the culture fluid.

PMID- 689575
TI  - Short-term toxicity study of allyl caproate in rats.

PMID- 689576
TI  - Short-term toxicity of n-amyl alcohol in rats.

PMID- 689577
TI  - Nephrotoxic and hepatotoxic effects of dichloroacetylene.

PMID- 689578
TI  - Short-term toxicity study of zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate in rats.

PMID- 689579
TI  - Long-term testing of patulin administered orally to Sprague-Dawley rats and Swiss
      mice.

PMID- 689580
TI  - Multigeneration feeding studies in mice for safety evaluation of the microalga,
      Scenedesmus acutus. I. Biological and haematological data.

PMID- 689581
TI  - Hexachlorobenzene metabolism--mainly in the rat.

PMID- 689582
TI  - Alcohol and the foetus.

PMID- 689583
TI  - [Repetitive action potentials induced by an application of depolarizing DC
      currents in canine atrial and ventricular myocardium (author's transl)].

PMID- 689584
TI  - [Clinical studies on the abnormality of glucose tolerance in acute stage of
      cerebrovascular diseases (author's transl)].

PMID- 689585
TI  - [Significance of drying test of "B"-bile for diagnosis of concentrating activity
      of the gallbladder (author's transl)].

PMID- 689586
TI  - Uncommon complication following subclavian venipuncture unilateral bronchospasm.

PMID- 689587
TI  - Wound repair of the mouse cerebral cortex--an electron microscopic study.

PMID- 689588
TI  - Aromatization and androgen stimulation of sexual behavior in male and female
      rats.

PMID- 689589
TI  - Comparison of the effects of estradiol-17beta and the synthetic estrogen, RU
      2858, on lordosis behavior in adult female rats and guinea pigs.

PMID- 689590
TI  - Masculinization and defeminization induced in female hamsters by neonatal
      treatment with estradiol benzoate and RU-2858.

PMID- 689591
TI  - Orientation groups for parents seeking services for children.

PMID- 689592
TI  - Management of innovation and change in mental health services.
AB  - In recent years the mental health field has been characterized by innovation and
      change. All changes are not sound or necessary, and the most common approach to
      implementing change, that of power, can have unfortunate consequences. However,
      the incidence of innovation and change and the growing technology on planning for
      the adoption of innovations indicates that change can be managed more
      effectively. One approach to managing change is the decision determinants
      analysis model, a group of eight factors that influence whether a change will be
      successfully adopted; they are ability, values, information, circumstances,
      timing, obligation, resistance, and yield. The author discusses the factors and
      gives suggestions related to each for increasing the probability of successful
      adoption of a change.

PMID- 689593
TI  - 30 Years of achievement awards: a review.

PMID- 689594
TI  - The 1978 APA achievement award winners.

PMID- 689596
TI  - Gold award: providing psychiatric care and consultation in remote Indian villages
      -Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario.
AB  - Faculty of the University of Toronto department of psychiatry take several trips
      a year to remote Indian villages in northwestern Ontario to deliver care to the
      Cree and Ojibway people and to provide consultation and training to the service
      delivery providers in the area. The program is part of a larger medical program
      operated by the university and financed by the Canadian government. Psychiatrists
      face numerous cultural and language obstacles in addition to harsh weather
      conditions and limited means of communication in the vast Sioux Lookout zone.
      When they are back in Toronto, they keep in touch via two-way radio with
      professional staff in the zone for ongoing consultations.

PMID- 689595
TI  - Gold award: mental health services for the deaf--St. Elizabeths Hospital,
      Washington, D.C.
AB  - The mental health program for the deaf at St. Elizabeths Hospital offers
      comprehensive services to adolescents and adults who were born deaf or who became
      deaf early in life. A staff of 49, six of whom have impaired hearing, provide
      services to about 33 inpatients and about 71 outpatients. Activity therapies that
      do not require oral communication, such as occupational therapy, art therapy,
      dance therapy, and psychodrama, play an important role in the program, as does
      group psychotherapy. The program provides training, field experience, and
      consultation for workers throughout the U.S. and from foreign countries. Some
      guidelines for communicating with the deaf are given.

PMID- 689597
TI  - Paraprofessionals a decade later: what's in a name?

PMID- 689599
TI  - Administration undecided about including mental health in national health
      insurance.

PMID- 689598
TI  - Agreeing and disagreeing with a specialist's comments on mental health
      administration.

PMID- 689600
TI  - California counties reduce mental health funds, services in aftermath of
      Proposition 13.

PMID- 689601
TI  - Hospital policies and procedures: even 'the system' needs a system.
AB  - Hospitals need effective systems for recommending, coordinating, writing,
      distributing, and implementing policies and procedures. Some features of an
      effective system include use of a coordinator, interdepartmental cooperation, and
      well designed forms and manuals. Some of the benefits include better management
      and better coordination with regulatory bodies and requirements.

PMID- 689603
TI  - Day care complements hospitalization.
AB  - A program of day care for psychiatric patients can reduce costs and provide a
      more suitable environment for the treatment program. Such programs hold
      considerable promise for other types of programs in various types of hospitals.

PMID- 689602
TI  - Community health education fostered by hospital program.
AB  - A small, acute care hospital in Massachusetts develops its community outreach
      program by offering health care services to area schools and industries. The
      Clinton Hospital Industrial Program (CHIP) offers special first aid courses,
      testing and rehabilitation services, and employee health plans to the town's
      numerous small industries. The School Nurses Program and CPR training for high
      school teachers are two services the hospital offers Clinton public schools.

PMID- 689604
TI  - Patient transfer form provides continuity of care.
AB  - General Hospital of Everett (WA) took the initiative in developing a new patient
      transfer form that has been adopted for statewide use. By using suggestions from
      a wide variety of sources, a hospital committee, which consisted of professionals
      from local extended care facilities and nursing homes, as well as from the
      hospital's staff, was able to develop a useful and effective patient transfer
      system.

PMID- 689605
TI  - Food services merge to contain costs and enhance menu.
AB  - A sharing of food service facilities between two institutions has cut costs and
      has benefited patients and dietary staff. It was aided by a standardization of
      menus, which increased the variety to the patient but simplified menu tabulation
      and production for the food service operation. The program's success has enhanced
      the image of many of the hospital's other programs.

PMID- 689606
TI  - Controlled substances registration for nonlicensed physicians.
AB  - Changes in drug laws and the addition of many formerly uncontrolled drugs to the
      controlled substances list has caused some concern about the registration of
      nonlicensed physicians. The question is, how does the recent medical school
      graduate obtain authorization to use the controlled substances he may need in the
      course of his postgraduate training at the hospital? The University of Alabama
      Hospitals, Birmingham, have answered the question with an effective system for
      hospital registration of nonlicensed physicians.

PMID- 689607
TI  - Individual cannot avoid bill by raising Hill-Burton Act as defense: Oregon court.

PMID- 689608
TI  - Survey shows increase in hospital training programs.
AB  - A 1976 AHA survey has determined that the extent of hospital-based training
      programs for the allied professions has increased since 1973, when the previous
      survey was conducted. Both surveys depict the wide range of types of such
      programs offered by hospitals.

PMID- 689609
TI  - New FCC rules do not eliminate two-way systems.

PMID- 689610
TI  - System for control, monitoring ensures efficient linen use.
AB  - By implementing recommendations from a short-term consulting program, a hospital
      regained control over the use, costs, and quality of its linen service. Long-term
      measures, such as use of rescheduled distribution, appropriate quotas, consistent
      policies, a hospital linen manager, and reports for measuring performance, have
      cut the costs and improved the service of the linen department.

PMID- 689611
TI  - Massachusetts rule lets patients see medical files.

PMID- 689612
TI  - Hospital authority can enforce rules, Georgia court says.

PMID- 689613
TI  - Michigan court lifts ban on state issuing certificates.

PMID- 689614
TI  - Malpractice limit in North Dakota unconstitutional.

PMID- 689615
TI  - Cost awareness display promotes cost containment.

PMID- 689616
TI  - Step-by-step emergency plan keeps hospital staff prepared.

PMID- 689617
TI  - Malpractice arbitration: is it really binding?

PMID- 689618
TI  - Voluntary effort is collection of individual contributions.

PMID- 689619
TI  - Increase in hospital cost reflects inflation and hospital utilization.

PMID- 689620
TI  - Planning: simplistic guidelines won't work.
AB  - The controversy over the national guidelines for health planning and
      appropriateness review is well-founded. There is no question that planning tools
      are required if the planning process is to have validity, but simplistic rules
      will only make planning chaotic. There must be room for input from the grass
      roots.

PMID- 689621
TI  - Study of malpractice panels notes advantages, problems, gaps in data.
AB  - A special study on malpractice panel systems in four states identified the
      currently limited participation of non-physician hospital personnel and 14
      factors that determine the effectiveness of such systems. However, more data are
      needed to determine whether such systems resolve cases fairly and quickly and
      stabilize malpractice insurance premiums.

PMID- 689622
TI  - Hospital system works to ensure risk management, quality of care.
AB  - A health care corporation that includes several hospitals and other related
      health services conducts a wide variety of institutional and corporate activities
      and programs of risk management and quality assurance. Some of these efforts
      include board review of medical staff organization and privileges, medical and
      nursing audits, patient care evaluation, a risk manager and steering committee,
      patient education, equipment maintenance, and safety programs.

PMID- 689623
TI  - Creativity and hospital costs: it's all in the approach.
AB  - Although most hospitals do consider costs before deciding to fund a new
      undertaking, many of them fall short of the necessary inventiveness when it comes
      to developing low-cost alternatives in problem-solving situations. Thus, too
      often, solutions to problems are found in a climate of crisis that overshadows
      considerations of cost. If hospitals would take a creative approach to cost
      containment and regard it as a philosophy or an attitude rather than a program,
      they might find that they have less trouble in slowing down cost increases to the
      annual rate of inflation.

PMID- 689624
TI  - Ambulatory surgical center lowers costs, not services.
AB  - The development of ambulatory surgical centers is a recent development in the
      health care delivery system. This article reflects the experience of one hospital
      in developing and implementing an ambulatory surgical program.

PMID- 689626
TI  - We only have to ask.
AB  - As a group, hospital trustees have great potential for effecting positive change
      in the hospital industry. Hospital administrators and hospital associations must
      recognize this potential, focus the commitment trustees are willing to make, and
      put that commitment to constructive use. Without their help, the author says, the
      process of making positive changes will be difficult, if not impossible.

PMID- 689627
TI  - Study finds New York State hospitals spent $1 billion in 1976 on regulations.

PMID- 689625
TI  - The all-RN staff: why not?
AB  - The emphasis on cost containment and consumer satisfaction has spurred a new
      upsurge in interest in all-RN nursing. Data are mounting that show that an all-RN
      staff doesn't necessarily cost more and that its use markedly improves the
      quality of patient care. Although obstacles to implementation exist, they are not
      insurmountable, and nurse leaders are asking, "Why not?"

PMID- 689628
TI  - U.S. court orders California to halt sanctions imposed under Hill-Burton rules.

PMID- 689629
TI  - Physicians charge more, earn more, spend more, according to AMA study: 1969-1976.

PMID- 689630
TI  - 'Second opinion' surgery provisions now included in 27 BC-BS plans.

PMID- 689631
TI  - Renovated supermarket-drug store houses hospital outpatient, operational units.

PMID- 689632
TI  - Loss prevention for small hospitals.

PMID- 689633
TI  - Quarterly report on hospital financial status.

PMID- 689634
TI  - Hospital administrators face stiff competition in job market.
AB  - Career opportunities in health administration will broaden, but the career ladder
      will be harder to climb, according to the president of the American College of
      Hospital Administrators.

PMID- 689635
TI  - If we don't care, they won't.

PMID- 689636
TI  - Landscaped campus site humanizes life for the elderly.
AB  - Conceptual planning and architectural design have enabled the elderly residents
      at Maple Knoll Village, Springdale, OH, to live somewhat independent lives and to
      receive essential medical and nursing care. The landscaped campus and linked
      residential and health care facilities generate a community spirit, an
      opportunity for social interaction and individual pursuits, and a personal sense
      of security and physical and emotional well-being.

PMID- 689637
TI  - Program rehabilitates alcoholics, alleviates personnel problems.
AB  - By establishing an employee's alcoholism program, Montefiore Hospital and Medical
      Center (MHMC) has reduced absenteeism, increased productivity, improved the
      supervisory process, and, in most instances, enabled rehabilitated alcoholics to
      satisfactorily perform their jobs. The rationale, policy, components, and
      administration of this program can be replicated in any health care institution
      that is committed to the personal well-being of its employees and to the quality
      of its services.

PMID- 689638
TI  - Clinical engineering from the administrator's perspective.
AB  - Based on the results of a survey, investigators infer that hospital
      administrators have a "diverse, and, at times, inaccurate understanding of
      clinical engineering.". For instance, most hospitals would integrate their
      perceived clinical engineering function into their general maintenance operation.
      Among other things, results indicate that administrators have not fully accepted
      the need to have a professional person to provide these services.

PMID- 689639
TI  - Group purchasing of food items maintains quality, cuts costs.
AB  - Hospital food group purchasing programs face problems that other kinds of group
      purchasing programs don't have. HARICOMP, a not-for-profit hospital shared
      services corporation, helped a group of Rhode Island hospitals solve some of
      these problems by using computers. The computers eliminate much of the time
      consuming effort involved in making price comparisons, holding sales meetings,
      and doing paperwork.

PMID- 689640
TI  - Relationship of extremity volumes with total body volume and body density in
      young Indian girls.

PMID- 689641
TI  - Skeletal development of Jamaican children with homozygous sickle cell disease.

PMID- 689642
TI  - Unusual blood genetic characteristics among the Ayoreo Indians of Bolivia and
      Paraguay.

PMID- 689643
TI  - A method for life expectancy analysis applied to examine the adaptive variations
      of previous skeletal populations.

PMID- 689645
TI  - Sexual dimorphism for size in seven nineteenth century northwest coast
      populations.

PMID- 689644
TI  - A non-specific method for predicting total body volume and percent fat.

PMID- 689646
TI  - The Probable Mutation Effect: neutral alleles and structural reduction.

PMID- 689647
TI  - Anthropometric study of growth of Egyptian Nubian children.

PMID- 689648
TI  - Hirsutism, race and testosterone levels: comparison of East Asians and
      Euroamericans.

PMID- 689649
TI  - Cost containment legislation.

PMID- 689650
TI  - CHA board meeting: board approves Mission Statement; refers it to Bylaws
      Committee.

PMID- 689651
TI  - Wrongful death alleged when psychiatric patient died from burns.

PMID- 689652
TI  - Class action brought against hospital to allow abortions.

PMID- 689653
TI  - Heirs recovered $30,000 after patient fell from window.

PMID- 689654
TI  - Rx for health care economics: competition, not rigid NHI.
AB  - While competition may serve consumers well in the production of many goods and
      services, it does not function equally well in all of the nation's economic
      sectors. And the health services sector does not fit the competitive model at all
      well. The market for medical care services might be restructured, however, so
      competition might yield more of the benefits it yields in other markets.

PMID- 689655
TI  - Sponsorship: the uneasy question.
AB  - The Sisters of Mercy of the Union, as part of a more general concern that their
      ministry meet its objectives of prophecy and service, set up a committee to
      investigate the issue of sponsorship. This committee defined a sponsored
      activity, drew up criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of such an activity,
      and developed an instrument for establishing whether an activity meets the
      criteria for Mercy sponsorship.

PMID- 689656
TI  - Dealing confidently with IRS, Part I: Preparing for IRS audits.
AB  - With the IRS apparently making health care institutions the focus of a nationwide
      audit emphasis, hospital administrators will want to prepare themselves for
      confident handling of audits. Four types of audit procedures are explained,
      suggestions are made for getting a hospital ready for an audit, and strategies
      are suggested for maintaining control over the audit's progress.

PMID- 689657
TI  - Adequate health care: one step toward social justice.

PMID- 689658
TI  - Guidelines for evaluating department managers.
AB  - A format is suggested for administrators' difficult, important task of evaluating
      hospital department managers' relationships within the department and with other
      departments and personnel; official relationships with personnel outside the
      hospital; creativity and initiative; dependability; level of supervision
      required; sense of loyalty and understanding of the hospital's interest; and
      performance as outlined in the job description.

PMID- 689659
TI  - The health care market audit.
AB  - With marketing increasingly being accepted as a mechanism by which hospitals can
      more effectively meet community needs, a hospital can begin a marketing program
      by auditing its markets. This involves identifying, collecting, and evaluating
      information.

PMID- 689661
TI  - Developmental abnormalities of the kidney in children.
AB  - The prognosis for infants and newborns with anomalies of the kidney and lower
      urinary tract can be improved by differentiating the disorders according to
      etiology and gearing treatment accordingly. In this second article of a new
      series on renal function in health and disease, congenital and hereditary
      anomalies are characterized in terms of their physiologic consequences, and
      guidelines for therapy are provided.

PMID- 689660
TI  - St. Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Topeka, KS. A fast-track project:
      keeping going while growing.
AB  - St. Francis Hospital and Medical Center, Topeka, used careful planning, good
      communication, and the fast-track design and construction method in a $20-million
      project to nearly double the facility's size. Although keeping the hospital going
      while building this addition involved inconvenient trade-offs, the facility's
      administration "would do it again."

PMID- 689662
TI  - When cholecystectomy?
AB  - The crux of the matter is to avoid being forced into cholecystectomy when the
      patient is acutely ill and has an increased risk of operative mortality. The
      rationale for performing surgery on an elective basis in patients with chronic
      gallbladder disease and for early medical management in most patiens with acute
      disease is discussed, along with the specifics of diagnosis and special
      considerations in the handling of problem cases.

PMID- 689663
TI  - Generic chaos.

PMID- 689664
TI  - Asthma in adults III: occupational asthma.
AB  - Recognition of the disease may be difficult, since symptoms may be atypical and a
      temporal association with exposure is often obscure. Attention is given to the
      ways of differentiating the truly allergic in origin from other types of
      occupational asthma.

PMID- 689665
TI  - A question of priorities.

PMID- 689666
TI  - The solitary lung nodule.

PMID- 689667
TI  - Psychosclerosis.

PMID- 689668
TI  - What is anemia in the elderly?

PMID- 689669
TI  - Risk, prognosis of stroke improved in aspirin trials.

PMID- 689670
TI  - Unexplained hyperkalemia may signal renin-aldosterone defect.

PMID- 689671
TI  - The case of the bilateral hilar masses.

PMID- 689672
TI  - The ischemic myocardium: mechanism of early pump failure.
AB  - The rapid loss of myocardial contractility that occurs after coronary occlusion
      may result from the absence of some critical substrate for cellular metabolism or
      from accumulation of toxic metabolites. In any event, for a few hours the portion
      of the myocardium affected by the interruption of blood flow retains its
      viability. Research into the mechanisms operating during this early period may
      open the way to reversal of the cellular changes.

PMID- 689673
TI  - Intrauterine transfusion for Rh disease: a status report.

PMID- 689674
TI  - Aspirin-improved ASA triad.

PMID- 689675
TI  - A controlled social experiment.

PMID- 689676
TI  - Antibiotic blood levels: a reappraisal.

PMID- 689677
TI  - Hereditary polycystic disease.

PMID- 689678
TI  - Otitis media and meningitis.

PMID- 689679
TI  - Lung abscess in childhood.

PMID- 689680
TI  - New form of hyperthyroidism transient, best not treated.

PMID- 689681
TI  - Growth hormone, somatomedins, and growth failure.

PMID- 689682
TI  - Cholestatic liver disease.

PMID- 689683
TI  - The antisocial personality.

PMID- 689684
TI  - Assignment of peptidase S (PEPS) to chromosome 4 in man using somatic cell
      hybrids.
AB  - A starch gel electrophoretic procedure is described that resolves peptidase S
      (PEPS) as well as the peptidases A, B, and C in man-rodent, rodent-rodent, and
      primate-rodent interspecific somatic cell hybrids. The interspecific PEPS cell
      hybrid phenotype can be resolved into a pattern which suggests that PEPS is
      composed of five or six identical subunits. Results are presented supporting
      assignment of the PEPS locus to chromosome 4 in man using man-mouse and man
      Chinese hamster somatic cell hybrids. Human genes coding for peptidases A, B, C,
      and D were assigned to chromosome 18, 12, 1, and 19, respectively, confirming
      previous assignments. These somatic cell genetic data demonstrate the independent
      genetic control of the several human peptidases.

PMID- 689685
TI  - Analysis of DNA replication patterns of human fibroblast chromosomes: the
      replication map.
AB  - A replication map of human fibroblast chromosomes from two diploid human female
      fibroblast lines, 46,XX and 46,X, del (X)(q13), was determined using the
      'fluorescent plus Giemsa' (FPG) technique. Each chromosome was found to stain
      homogeneously dark when thymidine was incorporated for the entire S phase of that
      particular cell. As the duration of exposure to thymidine progressively decreased
      by increasing the incubation time in bromodeoxyuridine, the staining intensity of
      chromosomes decreased and, concurrently, gaps in the staining began to appear.
      These gaps coincide with R bands and represent the earliest areas to complete DNA
      synthesis. As these areas widen and increase in frequency, first Q and G bands
      appear, and finally C bands. Homologous X chromosomes were easily differentiated
      by either a comparison of the bands present or their staining intensity. The
      replication kinetics of the structurally abnormal heterocyclic X chromosome were
      very similar to those of the normal heterocyclic X chromosome. The X chromosome
      with deletion of a portion of the long arm was consistently late in replication.

PMID- 689686
TI  - Mutation rates from rare variants of proteins in Indian tribes.
AB  - Recent attempts to estimate mutation rates in man have resulted in some
      theoretical developments. Recently, Nei (1977) provided a new formula for
      estimating mutation rates from electrophoretically detected rare protein
      variants. His formula is applied here to estimated mutation rates from such
      variants among the Kadars of Kerala and five tribes of Andhra Pradesh in India.
      The estimates seem to differ from Nei's estimate on South American Indians by an
      order of magnitude, although the standard errors associated with such estimates
      are rather large.

PMID- 689687
TI  - Incidence of 47,XYY karyotype in a consecutive series of newborn males in Tokyo.
AB  - A series of 3545 newborn males, born consecutively at a maternity hospital in the
      western suburbs of Tokyo and with no detectable physical abnormalities, were
      studied for fluorescent Y-chromatin. Buccal cell smears from each infant were
      screened. Cases with ambiguous results were subjected to a second test by blood
      smears, which were found to be more reliable. After the second test, chromosomal
      analysis was carried out in five infants: three had a 47,XYY karyotype; one, the
      karyotype 46,XY-D,t(D:Y) (Iijima et al., in preparation); and one, a normal male
      karyotype. The XYY karyotype occurred in 0.11% of newborn males in this series.

PMID- 689688
TI  - Refined mapping of the gene for glutathione reductase on human chromosome 8.
AB  - Activity of the enzyme glutathione reductase (EC 1.6.4.2) in erythrocytes and
      fibroblasts of a patient with karyotype 46, XY, del(8) (pter-p212:) was found to
      be in the normal range. With results from other laboratories, this allowed a more
      precise mapping of the gene for this enzyme in the region 8p2100-8p212.

PMID- 689689
TI  - Partial trisomy-5p.
AB  - Two sibs with partial trisomy-5p are reported. Their father is the carrier of a
      balanced translocation 46,XY,t(4q+;5p-). Twelve cases of partial trisomy-5p-
      including our two patients--have been reported. The most common abnormalities
      found were mental retardation, short stature, dolichocephaly, prominent nasal
      bridge, prognathism, seizures, hypotonia, ear abnormalities, increased ulnar
      loops on the fingertips, and cryptorchidism in affected males.

PMID- 689690
TI  - Signal processing of broadband pulsed ultrasound: measurement of attenuation of
      soft biological tissues.

PMID- 689691
TI  - ECG/VCG rhythm diagnosis using statistical signal analysis--I. Identification of
      persistent rhythms.

PMID- 689692
TI  - ECG/VCG rhythm diagnosis using statistical signal analysis--I. Identification of
      transient rhythms.

PMID- 689693
TI  - An adaptive coherent optical processor for cell recognition and counting.

PMID- 689694
TI  - An esophageal multiprobe for temperature, electrocardiogram, and heart and lung
      sounds measurements.

PMID- 689695
TI  - Generation of permanent, dry, electrical contacts by tattooing carbon into skin
      tissue.

PMID- 689696
TI  - A method for deriving viscoelastic modulus for skeletal muscle from transient
      pulse propagation.

PMID- 689697
TI  - Towards a reduction in error in the radiological measurement of growth in long
      leg bones of children.

PMID- 689698
TI  - Comparison of the ballistocardiogram with the electrocardiogram.

PMID- 689699
TI  - A practical algorithm for solving dynamic membrane equations.

PMID- 689700
TI  - A 60-Hz harmonic eliminator.

PMID- 689701
TI  - Transmission and reception with embedded antennas.

PMID- 689702
TI  - Comments on "Controllability, Observability and Structural Identifiability of
      Multi Input and Multi Output Biological Compartmental Systems".

PMID- 689703
TI  - Human semen as a source of epithelial cells for culture.
AB  - When washed cells from human semen samples were plated out, epithelial cultures
      were obtained. The human ejaculates used as starting material contained, in
      addition to spermatazoa, 10(3) to 10(7) cells of other types, including
      granulocytes, macrophages, lymphocytes, spermatocytes and epithelial cells.
      Although no fractionation of cell types was attempted, semen samples yielded
      epithelial cultures uncontaminated by fibroblasts. The cultured cells appeared
      characteristically epithelial with a polygonal shape, interdigitating cell
      membranes, and desmosomes. ABH blood-group antigenic determinants of the donor
      were expressed with variable frequency as a surface antigen on these cells. About
      half the trials gave some cell attachment. Most cultures remained as small, tight
      colonies, but a few reached confluency in about 5 weeks and could be subcultured
      successfully. Cell proliferation, as monitored by (3H) thymidine incorporation
      into nuclear macromolecules, ceased in less than 2 months.

PMID- 689704
TI  - Normal human endometrium in cell culture. I. Separation and characterization of
      epithelial and stromal components in vitro.
AB  - Separation of human endometrium into its epithelial and stromal components has
      been achieved through collagenase digestion and has permitted a study of these
      two cell populations under specific experimental culture conditions. The stromal
      cell populations showed a progesterone response, were easily handled in culture,
      and displayed a limited in vitro life span typical of human diploid fibroblasts.
      In contrast, epithelium only survived in short-term primary culture and showed no
      clear hormone response. High-density epithelial cultures remained viable for
      longer periods in culture. Comparisons between resurfacing endometrial epithelial
      cells in vivo and epithelial cells migrating from explants in vitro suggested
      that this initial epithelial migration in vitro was the counterpart of the repair
      response in vivo.

PMID- 689705
TI  - Cartilage tissue differentiation from mesenchymal cells derived from mature
      muscle in tissue culture.
AB  - Under the influence of biochemical components of bone matrix gelatin (BMG),
      cartilage differentiates in tissue culture from the connective tissue cell
      outgrowths of mature muscle. Proliferation and differentiation begin within 24 hr
      with synthesis of hyaluronate, continue with high levels of synthesis of DNA and
      hyaluronidase, and culminate in production of large quantities of chondroitin
      sulfate. The addition of hyaluronic acid to the culture medium during the first
      48 hr of culture depresses, whereas chondroitin sulfate enhances, subsequent
      production of cartilage. These observations on the cell biosynthetic products
      prior to the appearance of mature cartilage suggest that the BMG--modified
      connective tissue outgrowths of mature muscle exhibit the developmental potential
      of embryonic axial mesenchyme. Whether muscle harbors embryonic cells in a
      programmed but not yet activated readiness (protodifferentiated state) to
      differentiate into cartilage, or simply contributes a population of temporarily
      dedifferentiated fibroblasts, is not known, but in any event, BMG switches the
      pathway of further development from fibrous connective tissue to cartilage.

PMID- 689706
TI  - Spontaneous 51Cr release by isolated rat hepatocytes: an indicator of membrane
      damage.
AB  - Radiochromium uptake and release by isolated rat hepatocytes in suspension was
      monitored under continuous-labeling conditions. Cell protein remained unchanged
      during the absorption phase, whereas the release of 51Cr correlated well with the
      loss of cell viability and release of cytoplasmic protein. The results suggest
      that under equilibrium conditions, 51Cr release represents an efflux of label
      from damaged or dying preparations and not an elution of radioisotope from intact
      cells.

PMID- 689707
TI  - Identification of hydrogen peroxide as a photoproduct toxic to human cells in
      tissue-culture medium irradiated with "daylight" fluorescent light.
AB  - Hydrogen peroxide, lethal for human cells, is produced in Dulbecco's modified
      Eagle's tissue culture medium when exposed to "daylight" fluorescent light.
      Addition of pure H2O2 and use of the enzyme catalase demonstrate that about 40%
      of the toxicity in irradiated medium is due to generated peroxide. Riboflavin and
      tryptophan, or riboflavin and tyrosine, are the components necessary for
      formation of lethal levels of H2O2 during light exposure.

PMID- 689708
TI  - Protein synthesis in imaginal disks of Plodia interpunctella during development
      in vivo and in vitro.
AB  - Wing imaginal disks were dissected from larvae of Plodia interpunctella (Hubner)
      at various stages during the larval-pupal transformation. The wing-disk proteins
      separated by electrophoresis and scanned with a densitometer changed
      quantitatively but not qualitatively during development in vivo. Treatment of
      wing disks in vitro with beta-ecdysone resulted in a 2-fold increase in synthesis
      of proteins after only 2 hr incubation. The maximum rate of protein synthesis was
      reached 16 hr after treatment with hormone. The pattern of proteins separated by
      electrophoresis of wing disks that were incubated in vitro with beta-ecdysone did
      not change qualitatively. The major features of protein synthesis during wing
      disk development in vivo were similar to those observed during beta-ecdysone
      induced development in vitro.

PMID- 689709
TI  - Ischemic myocardial injury in cultured heart cells: leakage of cytoplasmic
      enzymes from injured cells.
AB  - An in vitro model of myocardial ischemia has been established with primary
      monolayer cultures of postnatal rat myocardial cells. Ischemic conditions were
      simulated in vitro by subjecting the myocardial cell cultures to various levels
      of oxygen and glucose deprivation. The experimental protocol consisted of
      treatment with 20% or 0% O2 and 1000, 500 or 0 mg glucose per 1 of medium for 4
      or 24 hr. Control cultures were treated with 20% O2 and 1000 mg glucose. After
      the ischemic treatments, cultures of beating muscle (M) cells were evaluated for
      signs of injury, i.e. leakage of cytoplasmic enzymes into the culture medium.
      Differences were found in leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine
      phosphokinase (CPK) from the cultures that were exposed to partial ischemia of
      glucose deprivation and from those cultures that were exposed to total ischemia
      of oxygen and glucose deprivation. Glucose deprivation along resulted in a slight
      to-moderate loss of LDH and CPK from the cells, whereas total ischemia resulted
      in a significant release of the two cytoplasmic enzymes. When the cultures were
      allowed to recover after ischemic treatment in complete medium (1000 mg glucose)
      and a normal atmosphere of 20% O2, they had levels of LDH leakage comparable to
      those of control cultures. Cell viability and total protein content of the
      ischemic cultures did not differ significantly from controls.

PMID- 689710
TI  - Role of bandicoots in rabies transmission.

PMID- 689711
TI  - Effect of immunization by BCG and phytohaemagglutinin-P on the kinetics of
      antibody response to V. cholerae.

PMID- 689712
TI  - Amoebic liver abscess--a clinicopathological study.

PMID- 689713
TI  - Antifertility effect of substituted biphenyl derivatives in female rats.

PMID- 689714
TI  - Improved prognosis of fulminant hepatitis by a simple supportive therapeutic
      regimen.

PMID- 689715
TI  - Improvement of renal function in uraemic patients by furosemide and salt.

PMID- 689716
TI  - Urinary catecholamine excretion in permanent residents of high altitude.

PMID- 689718
TI  - Cytoplasmic vacuoles of immature eosinophilic cells in the bone marrow of
      patients with tropical pulmonary eosinophilia.

PMID- 689717
TI  - Haematological response among new arrival at high altitude.

PMID- 689719
TI  - Effect of adrenaline and isoprenaline on circulating eosinophils in tropical
      pulmonary eosinophilia.

PMID- 689720
TI  - Individual steroid hormones in schizophrenic males.

PMID- 689721
TI  - Evaluation of propranolol in the preoperative control of thyrotoxicosis.

PMID- 689722
TI  - Evaluation of working of model registration scheme in Ballabgarh block.

PMID- 689723
TI  - Age at menarche in different castes of Marwari community of Bhagalpur.

PMID- 689724
TI  - Effect of some adrenergic drugs on fertility in rats--a preliminary
      communication.

PMID- 689725
TI  - Inhibition of rat brain monoamine oxidase by centazolone--a tranquillosedative.

PMID- 689726
TI  - Plasma prostaglandins in essential hypertension and ischaemic heart disease.

PMID- 689727
TI  - Study of sex chromosomal aneuploidy in an Indian prison population.

PMID- 689728
TI  - Teratogenic and embryotoxic effect of papain in rat.

PMID- 689729
TI  - Isolation of specific and common antibodies to staphylococcal enterotoxins A and
      E by affinity chromatography.
AB  - Specific and common antibodies to staphylococcal enterotoxins A and E (SEA and
      SEE) were isolated from anti-SEA and anti-SEE antisera by affinity
      chromatography. Anti-SEA and anti-SEE antisera were passed through a column with
      the cross-reacting enterotoxin coupled to a CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B matrix.
      Specifically bound common antibodies were eluted with NaSCN. The isolated
      specific antibodies reacted only with the homologous enterotoxin, whereas the
      common antibodies gave a reaction of identify with both enterotoxins in double
      gel diffusion plates. The common antibodies had a higher titer against SEE than
      against SEA. The significance of the isolation of antibodies common to two
      separate protein molecules is discussed.

PMID- 689730
TI  - Passive transfer of resistance to frambesial infection in hamsters.
AB  - The immune mechanism by which hamsters acquire resistance to infection with
      Treponema pertenue, the causative agent of frambesia, or yaws, has not been
      elucidated. Serum or cells (spleen or lymph node) obtained from hamsters
      resistant to frambesial infection were transferred to normal syngenic recipients,
      who are subsequently infected with T. pertenue. The following parameters were
      used to measure the ability of immune serum of cells to confer resistance on
      recipient hamsters to frambesial infection: inhibition of the development of
      cutaneous lesions, decreased weight, and number of treponemes in the inguinal
      lymph nodes. This investigation demonstrated that immune serum conferred
      protection on recipient hamsters infected with T. pertenue. Discontinuation of
      the administration of immune serum (18 days after frambesial infection) did not
      result in the development of cutaneous lesions. Since the inguinal lymph nodes
      contained a sizeable number of treponemes (2.6 X 10(5)), immune serum failed to
      prevent frambesial infection. Recipients of immune spleen or lymph node cells
      initially developed frambesial lesions 9 days after infection. The frambesial
      lesions began to resolve 12 to 14 days after infection and by day 21 had
      completely regressed. These results illustrated that humoral factors and cells
      are involved in resistance of the hamster to frambesial infection.

PMID- 689732
TI  - Antibody-mediated recovery from subcutaneous herpes simplex virus type 2
      infection.
AB  - Young adult mice infected with 3 X 10(6) plaque-forming units of herpes simplex
      virus type 2 (HSV-2) died within 9 to 12 days after spread of the virus from the
      sites of infection to the spinal cord and brain. Administration of HSV-2
      neutralizing antisera prepared in syngenic mice or in rabbits inhibited spread of
      the virus from the footpad of infected animals and prevented death. A single
      intraperitoneal inoculum of antiserum (virus-neutralizing titer of 1:128) was
      effective in protecting mice when the antiserum was given at 8 to 48 h, but not
      at 72 h, after virus inoculation. Immune sera absorbed with HSV-2-infected cells
      no longer protected mice from subcutaneous infection, whereas absorption with
      noninfected cells had no effect. Thus, HSV-2-specific antibodies appeared to be
      responsible for the protection observed. If the mice were given a sublethal dose
      of irradiation (390 rads) at 24 h before antibody transfer, protection was no
      longer obtained. This suggested that the mechanism of protection probably was not
      solely due to in vivo neutralization of virus, but required the participation of
      a radiosensitive component which has not yet been defined.

PMID- 689731
TI  - Distribution of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) in the tissues of
      lipopolysaccharide-responsive and -unresponsive mice.
AB  - We examined the distribution of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in LPS
      responsive (C3H/St) and LPS-unresponsive (C3H/HeJ) mice. The results reported
      here demonstrate that the rates of removal of an immunological or a toxic dose of
      LPS from the circulation are the same in both strains of mice. C3H/St spleens
      accumulated significantly more LPS than C3H/HeJ spleens after the intravenous
      injection of either an immunogenic or a toxic dose of LPS. There was also a
      greater amount of LPS associated with cells teased from C3H/St spleens compared
      to those from C3H/HeJ spleens. After a toxic dose of LPS, there was more LPS in
      C3H/St lymph nodes, adrenals, lungs, kidneys, and heart than in the corresponding
      C3H/HeJ tissues. The accumulation of more LPS in tissues from C3H/St mice
      compared to C3H/HeJ mice suggests that these tissues are involved in the
      pathophysiological and, ultimately, the toxic effects of LPS. The differential
      accumulation of LPS in the tissues of these two strains may be the reason for the
      decreased responses of C3H/HeJ mice to LPS.

PMID- 689734
TI  - Intestinal distribution of Vibrio cholerae in orally infected infant mice:
      kinetics of recovery of radiolabel and viable cells.
AB  - Kinetics of distribution of Vibrio cholerae in the gastrointestinal tract of
      orally challenged infant mice were examined by determining recovery of input dose
      from the whole gut and from individual segments of stomach, upper bowel, and
      lower bowel. The strains studied were 569B, CA401, and VB12 (a rough CA401).
      Recovery was determined as a percentage of either input radiolabel using 35S
      labeled cells or input colony-forming units. We found clearance of radiolabel and
      viable cells from the stomach into the intestines by 2 h. Early whole-gut
      clearance of label was greater for 569B and heat-killed CA401 than for CA401,
      VB12, or Formalinized CA401. At early times postchallenge, significant
      differences occurred between strains in the upper bowel, with greater recovery of
      label and viable cells for CA401 than for 569B or VB12. Beginning at 8 h
      postchallenge, radiolabel accumulated in the lower bowel with all experimental
      groups except CA401-challenged mice, where diarrhea was noted and label
      disappeared from the intestines. In vitro evaluation of mucosal association of
      these strains with bowel sections was also done. CA401 and VB12 associated to a
      greater extent than 569B or heat-killed or Formalin-killed CA401.

PMID- 689733
TI  - Structural analysis of the cellular constituents of a fresh clinical isolate of
      Staphylococcus aureus, and their role in the interaction between the organisms
      and polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the presence of serum factors.
AB  - The in vitro interaction of a fresh clinical isolate of Staphylococcus aureus and
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes was investigated. The importance of the various
      cellular constituents as host immunological factors was analyzed, and the results
      suggested that two components, namely, an acidic polysaccharide consisting of a
      predominance of aminogalacturonic acid and a strain-specific mucopeptide complex,
      may be involved in impeding in vitro opsonization of the organism by leukocytes.
      Immunochemical analysis indicated that the acidic polysaccharide possessed the
      same immunodominant aminogalacturonic acid residues as the antiphagocytic acidic
      antigen of the encapsulated prototype Scott strain. Antisera derived from rabbits
      immunized with strain D contained two types of opsonins, those with acidic
      polymer specificity and those with mucopeptide complex specificity.

PMID- 689735
TI  - Influence of iron on Corynebacterium renale-induced pyelonephritis in a rat
      experimental model.
AB  - Growth of Corynebacterium renale in vitro on low-iron medium (1.34 micron) was
      only slightly less than that on high-iron media (7.16 and 9.85 micron). However,
      studies on C. renale-induced pyelonephritis using the rat as an experimental
      model revealed that C. renale cultivated in high-iron media was capable of
      producing pyelonephritis, but when grown on low-iron medium, these bacteria were
      noninfective. This apparent avirulence of the bacteria cultivated on low levels
      of iron could be reversed by injecting the rats intramuscularly with ferric
      ammonium citrate.

PMID- 689736
TI  - Inhibitory effects of extracellular products from oral bacteria on human
      fibroblasts and stimulated lymphocytes.
AB  - Extracellular products of 12 strains of Streptococcus mutans and 5 additional
      species of oral bacteria were analyzed for their ability to inhibit proliferation
      of fibroblastoid cells (HeLa and AV3) and blast transformation of human
      peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from normal individuals. Products from S.
      mutans strains AHT and BHT, Streptococcus intermedius, and Actinomyces viscosus
      inhibited [3H]thymidine uptake by fibroblastoid cells and phytohemagglutinin
      stimulated lymphocytes. Products from S. mutans E49, Streptococcus salivarius,
      and Actinomyces naeslundii inhibited blast transformation of human lymphocytes
      but did not significantly inhibit the growth of fibroblastoid cells. Preparations
      from S. intermedius gave the greatest inhibitory activity against both target
      cell types; initial characterization of this preparation suggested a single
      factor active in both assays, in that the heat lability and Sephadex G-200
      elution profile were similar for the inhibitory activity seen with the two cell
      types. The molecular weight of the inhibitor, estimated by gel filtration on
      Sephadex G-200 and Ultragel AcA34, was approximately 160,000. The results
      strongly suggest that oral bacteria produce heat-labile substances that interfere
      with fibroblast proliferation and alter the lymphocytic immunological response.

PMID- 689737
TI  - Interaction of inflammatory cells and oral microorganisms. VII. In vitro
      polymorphonuclear responses to viable bacteria and to subcellular components of
      avirulent and virulent strains of Actinomyces viscosus.
AB  - Both virulent (V) and avirulent (AV) strains of Actinomyces viscosus T14 are
      capable of colonizing the oral cavity of gnotobiotic rats, but only T14-V causes
      destructive periodontal disease. The basis for this difference in in vivo
      pathogenicity has not been adequately defined. In the present study we compared
      the capacities of T14-AV and T14-V to provoke in vitro extracellular release of
      lysosomal constituents from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). In serum
      free cultures, viable T14-V but not T14-AV stimulated discharge of PMN lysosomes.
      The release response was correlated with PMN phagocytic activity; thus, PMNs
      readily ingested T14-V but not T14-AV. To explain these differences in PMN
      bacteria interactions, subcellular fractions of T14-AV or T14-V were incubated
      with PMNs. A crude, insoluble sonic extract derived from T14-V caused PMN
      lysosome release, but a similar fraction from T14-AV was inactive. However,
      following extensive washing and treatment with deoxyribonuclease or sodium
      dodecyl sulfate, cell wall fractions of T14-AV stimulated lysosome release. These
      procedures apparently removed an extracellular polysaccharide slime which is
      synthesized by T14-AV but not by T14-V. There was a significant reduction in the
      capacities of viable T14-V or cell wall fractions of T14-V or T14-AV to provoke
      PMN lysosome release when these agents were preincubated with a slime material
      isolated from T14-AV. This inhibitory influence of slime was overcome by the
      addition of fresh or heated (56 degrees C, 30 min) serum to the PMN-bacteria
      cultures. The data suggest a relationship between the abilities of the avirulent
      and virulent strains of A. viscosus T14 to act as periodontal pathogens in vivo
      and to serve as stimuli for PMN lysosome release in vitro.

PMID- 689738
TI  - Purification of tritium-labeled cholera toxin.
AB  - Cholera toxin was labeled with tritium by the Wilzbach technique, and highly
      purified radiolabeled toxin was obtained by Sephadex column chromatography and
      disc gel electrophoresis. 3H-labeled cholera toxin retained its biological
      activity and chemical stability and had a specific activity of 405.9 muCi/mumol.
      The methods utilized in extraction and purification of 3H-labeled toxin may be
      advantageous for preparation of other biologically active radiolabeled proteins.

PMID- 689739
TI  - Disruption of the permeability barrier (zonula occludens) between intestinal
      epithelial cells by lethal doses of endotoxin.
AB  - A freeze-fracture technique was used to examine the most apical intercellular
      junctional complex between intestinal epithelial cells (the tight or occluding
      junction) in mice after challenge with endotoxin. Some of these junctions were
      disrupted after challenge and may be a site for leakage of microbial agents from
      the lumen.

PMID- 689740
TI  - Effect of phorbol myristate acetate on cellular metabolism and lysozyme release
      from alveolar macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes.
AB  - Phorbol myristate acetate stimulated oxidative metabolism in alveolar macrophages
      and blood neutrophils. This compound also stimulated lysozyme release from
      neutrophils but not from alveolar macrophages. These findings suggest that the
      regulation of lysozyme release from alveolar macrophages is different than for
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

PMID- 689741
TI  - Cyclophosphamide effects on murine cryptococcosis.
AB  - BALB/c mice were given cyclophosphamide and challenged with Cryptococcus
      neoformans. Delayed-type hypersensitivity was transiently depressed, and survival
      was either unaffected or shortened by cyclophosphamide.

PMID- 689742
TI  - Ability of Streptococcus mutans and a glucosyltransferase-defective mutant to
      colonize rodents and attach to hydroxyapatite surfaces.
AB  - A mutant of Streptococcus mutans forming little or no cell-associated
      glucosyltransferase attached to the teeth of rats and to saliva-treated
      hydroxyapatite comparably to its parent.

PMID- 689743
TI  - Protection of mice against tick-borne encephalitis by different classes of
      immunoglobulins.
AB  - The protective capacities of IgM and IgG immunoglobulins from fractionated human
      or mouse sera were investigated in tests with tick-borne encephalitis virus. Mice
      were resistant to challenge with tick-borne encephalitis virus if previously
      inoculated with specific immunoglobulins but not nonspecific immunoglobulins. The
      protective ability of IgM, whether derived from mouse or human sera, was only
      about 1/40 of that of IgG preparations adjusted to the same haemagglutination
      inhibition or neutralising titres.

PMID- 689744
TI  - Binding of sisomicin and streptomycin to human albumin.
AB  - The aminoglycosides of the kanamycin and neomycin series are displaced from their
      protein binding by very low Ca++ ion concentrations, whereas streptomycin is
      displaced only by very high Ca++ ion concentrations. For streptomycin, therefore,
      the binding mechanism must differ from that for the other aminoglycosides. The
      displacing reaction cannot be described by the law of mass action, combining the
      binding equations. Several possible reasons, such as complex formation and
      changes in the conformation of albumin, are discussed. Complex formation between
      sisomicin and the lanthanide ion Nd+++, which has the same ionic radius as the
      Ca++ ion, could be excluded by recording the difference absorption spectrum. The
      displacement of the aminoglycosides from their protein binding by Ca++ ions (as
      well as the pH dependence of the protein binding) suggests that ionic bonds are
      involved in the interactions between aminoglycosides and serum proteins.

PMID- 689745
TI  - The concentration of thiamphenicol in severely diseased human kidneys.
AB  - The concentration of thiamphenicol in serum and renal tissue was determined in 17
      patients with severly diseased kidneys after an intravenous injection of 1000 mg
      of the drug. Two hours after the administration the renal tissue concentrations
      ranged in patients with hydronephrotic kidneys from 38.0-63.5 microgram/g, in
      patients with cirrhotic kidneys from 17.9-42.7 microgram/g, in patients with
      pyonephrosis from 9.8-17.6 microgram/g and in patients with renal carcinoma from
      37.7-64.2 microgram/g. The patient with the renal sarcoma had a level of 138.7
      microgram/g. At the same time the serum concentration ranged from 4.6-15.2
      microgram/ml. The highest renal tissue/serum concentration ratios of
      thiamphenicol were observed in patients with hydronephrotic kidneys and renal
      tumours, the lowest in cases of pyonephrosis. The influence of severe renal
      disease on the renal tissue/serum concentration ratios of thiamphenicol is
      discussed. The high renal tissue levels of thiamphenicol in patients with
      severely diseased kidneys fulfill an important condition for the antibacterial
      chemotherapy of kidney infections.

PMID- 689746
TI  - Protective isolation and antimicrobial decontamination in patients with high
      susceptibility to infection. A prospective cooperative study of gnotobiotic care
      in acute leukaemia patients. III: The quality of isolation and decontamination.
AB  - In a cooperative study, the quality of protective isolation and of antibiotic
      decontamination of the digestive tract was studied in patients with acute
      leukaemia by (bio)-typing of Enterobacteriaceae species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
      and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from oral washings and faecal samples. These
      samples were collected before and during treatment of 82 patients who were either
      isolated and decontaminated for which latter purposes a combination of neomycin,
      polymyxin, bacitracin and nystatin was used (group A); isolated without
      decontamination (Group B) or treated on the ward without decontamination (Group
      C). The results indicated that protective isolation had only been completely
      successful during the entire (remission induction) treatment period in one of the
      32 patients in Group B. In Group A patients, who underwent antibiotic
      decontamination in addition, successful isolation was achieved in 57% of 28
      patients. Successful antibiotic decontamination of the digestive tract for the
      entire treatment period as far as all potentially pathogenic species are
      concerned, was realized in 4 (14%) of the 28 patients of Group A.
      Bacteriologically confirmed infections occurred in 50% of Group A patients, in
      59% Group B patients and in 64% of Group C patients. It is concluded that the
      quality of isolation had in general been insufficient but that it was improved by
      oral nonabsorbable antibiotics and, furthermore, that the antibiotic
      decontamination procedure also requires improvement.

PMID- 689747
TI  - Dirofilaria immitis: a cause of human intra-ocular infection.

PMID- 689748
TI  - Detection, prevention and control of hospital-acquired infections.

PMID- 689749
TI  - Nitroprusside and other short-acting hypotensive agents: preface.

PMID- 689750
TI  - Radiation grafting of methacrylates onto silicone rubber: prototype burn wound
      dressing.

PMID- 689751
TI  - Radiation dosimetry of adrenal imaging agents 19-iodocholesterol and 6
      iodomethylnorcholesterol.

PMID- 689752
TI  - Imaging of tissue sections on lexan by alpha-particles and thermal neutrons: an
      aid in fissionable radionuclide distribution studies.

PMID- 689753
TI  - The problematic detection of 51Cr-labelled lymphocytes by autoradiography.

PMID- 689754
TI  - Mechanism involved in acute granulocytopenia in hemodialysis. Cell-membrane
      direct interactions.

PMID- 689755
TI  - The use of an in vitro haemoperfusion circuit to evaluate the blood compatibility
      of albumin-coated Amberlite XAD-7 resin.
AB  - We have developed an in vitro haemoperfusion circuit, which closely simulates the
      conditions encountered in a clinical haemoperfusion, for testing the blood
      compatibility of new adsorbent materials. Fresh heparinised human blood is
      perfused for 2 hours over two model columns arranged in parallel closed circuits.
      The present study was performed to investigate the blood compatibility of human
      serum albumin-coated Amberlite XAD-7 resin. Mean platelet losses over 2 hours
      were greater following perfusion of the uncoated resin (44 +/- SE 5.6%) than the
      albumin-coated resin (17 +/- SE 2.2%) (p less than 0.01). Mean white cell losses
      were similar (55%) for both resins. No rises in Swank screen filtration pressure,
      which detects the presence of cellular aggregates in blood, were observed.
      Coating of XAD-7 resin with HSA therefore improves its blood compatibility with
      respect to platelet losses and we thus intend to use this preparation in a
      clinical trial of resin haemoperfusion in fulminant hepatic failure.

PMID- 689756
TI  - Bile acid clearance and biocompatibility of XAD-4 haemoperfusion.
AB  - The clearance of bile acids from human blood or human albumin solutions obtained
      by perfusion through 100 g XAD-4 at 100 ml/min was (in ml/min): 21 for
      taurocholic acid, 3 for taurochenodeoxycholic acid, 18 for glycholic acid and 2
      for glychenodeoxycholic acid. Saturation effects were absent up to 7 mumole bile
      acid bound per gram XAD-4. Haemoperfusion (100 g XAD-4, 100 ml/min) of
      cholestatic dogs resulted in the removal of up to 400 mumole bile acid in 3
      hours. The calculated amount of bile acid stored in tissue depots was large with
      respect to the amount present in the circulation. A steady state between the
      mobilization of the tissue pool of bile acids and the removal of bile acids from
      the blood was established during the perfusion. Measurements of electrolytes
      enzyme activities and cellular elements showed severe losses of thrombocytes and
      leucocytes only. Contact with XAD-4 was the cause of the platelet loss where as
      omission of the resin from the perfusion system did not effect the leucocyte
      loss. The thrombocyte loss was reduced by the addition of citrate.
      Differentiation of the leucocytes showed that primarily the segmental
      granulocytes were sequestrated.

PMID- 689757
TI  - Coated charcoal hemoperfusion for the removal galactose in rats.
AB  - Microencapsulated activated charcoal has been used in this report to remove
      galactose from aqueous solution in-vitro and from blood of galactosemic rats.
      Coconut charcoal is not effective in removing galactose, whereas petroleum-based
      activated charcoal is very effective.

PMID- 689758
TI  - Activated carbon for haemoperfusion.
AB  - Some features of activated carbon are consisted and the grades of the adsorbent
      used in haemoperfusion are examined. Aspects of the activation process and the
      properties of the resultant carbons are discussed.

PMID- 689759
TI  - Hemodialysis induced hypotension.

PMID- 689762
TI  - Sexual dysfunction associated with chronic renal failure.

PMID- 689761
TI  - Peritoneal dialysis in June 1978: First International Symposium on Peritoneal
      Dialysis.

PMID- 689760
TI  - Dialysis dementia, osteomalacic fractures and myopathy: a syndrome due to chronic
      aluminum intoxication.

PMID- 689763
TI  - Lipid metabolism in patients on regular dialysis treatment.

PMID- 689764
TI  - Serum chromatographic pattern in different dialysis strategies.
AB  - In different dialysis strategies (hemodialysis with Gambro 1.5 m2, RP6 1 m2, Vita
      2 1.2 m2), sequential ultrafiltration with RP 6 (1 hour ultrafiltration followed
      by 3 hours of hemodialysis and hemoperfusion with Absorba 300 C) serum
      chromatographic pattern and medium size molecules were studied with Sephadex G 15
      chromatography. The removal of the studied medium size molecules is not different
      from one dialyzer to another. Serum levels were generally halved by the dialysis.
      In the ultrafiltration fluid a considerable amount of medium size molecules was
      found. There is no difference between RP 6 in open or in closed system. The
      absorbing capacity of the Absorba 300 C was blocked after one hour for medium
      size molecules in the patient under study.

PMID- 689765
TI  - Towards new vascular accesses.

PMID- 689766
TI  - Recirculated peritoneal dialysate.

PMID- 689767
TI  - MIST: a medical information storage system.
AB  - A simple but flexible storage and retrieval system for medical data is described.
      It functions by providing the user with a proven set of FORTRAN IV subroutines.
      It has been found that for a wide range of clinical data processing the user only
      needs to apply three FORTRAN subroutines.

PMID- 689768
TI  - Logic-based program system for predicting drug interactions.
AB  - This paper deals with the application of an AI language, based on mechanical
      theorem prover (PROLOG), to deduce drug interactions. One hundred and thirty-one
      drug interactions were predicted by logical deduction with a program system
      comprising about 52 drugs in practice and 32 independent possibilities of
      deduction. The database of the system contains the chemical and pharmaceutical
      characteristics of the active components of the drug preparations, and the
      deductions are based on general pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic or other
      biochemical relationships concerning interactions.

PMID- 689769
TI  - A preprocessor for less basic BASIC.
AB  - BASIC, originally developed primarily as a teaching tool, has many extensions to
      allow its application to regular production programming. Naming restrictions of
      variables and line number references, however, are less satisfactory for longer
      programs making a program more difficult to read and maintain. The solution
      described is a program code preprocessor which accepts, long, meaningful variable
      names and line labels and converts the code to executable BASIC code. In
      addition, automatic library inclusions and a means of isolating sections of code
      for variable and label resolution facilitate creation and use of general purpose
      routines. Use of the preprocessor does not interfere with the capability to debug
      programs interactively which is one of the most helpful characteristics of
      interpretive implementations of BASIC.

PMID- 689770
TI  - [Pulmonary gas exchange model: influence of the heterogeneity of distribution on
      the ventilation-perfusion and diffusion-perfusion ratios of oxygen transfer].
AB  - The purpose of this pulmonary gas exchange model is to study the effect produced
      by an inhomogeneous distribution of the ventilation-perfusion (V A/Q) and
      diffusion-perfusion (D/Q) ratios on the oxygen transfer. We calculate partial
      pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide in venous blood, in capillary blood and
      alveolar gas of each element as the unique solution of a non-linear system, the
      parameters of which are the local values of ventilation, perfusion and diffusion.
      We show that an inhomogeneous distribution of any ratio leads to a decrease of
      the mixed arterial concentration of oxygen and that the greater the
      inhomogeneity, the greater the decrease. We show by numerical stimulation that if
      two inhomogeneities (V A/Q) and (D/Q) are associated, the oxygen arterial
      concentration decrease is rather less important if the diffusion-ventilation
      ratio has a distribution almost homogeneous, i.e. if the V A/Q and D/Q
      inhomogeneities are almost identical.

PMID- 689771
TI  - Quantification of EEG variability.
AB  - This paper presents a method of segmenting the EEG based on the well-known power
      spectrum analysis. This procedure is applied to the EEG recordings of two normal
      subjects in order to determine the temporal EEG variability. These results are
      compared with a more classical approach.

PMID- 689772
TI  - Demonstration of segmentation techniques for EEG records.
AB  - In this paper three different techniques for segmenting EEG's are presented. The
      principles of these techniques (the Kalman filter approach, the power spectrum
      analysis and the texture matrix approach) are explained and the results obtained
      summarised. The segmentation is used in an interactive EEG interpretation system.

PMID- 689773
TI  - Effect of photoperiod reversal on twenty-four hour patterns for GABA levels in
      rat brain.
AB  - GABA levels were measured in various areas of rat brain at 3 or 6 hour intervals
      for a period of 24 hours in animals adapted for 3 weeks to a programmed-lighting
      schedule. On the normal cycle rats were illuminated from 08 to 20 hours; on the
      reverse cycle, from 20 to 08 hours. The cerebellar pattern is unimodal with a
      peak in the dark at 06 hours and a trough in the light at 18 hours which
      coincides with maxima and minima of motor activity in the nocturnal rat. The
      cortical pattern also peaks in the dark at 06 hours but is less well-defined. On
      the reverse illumination cycle both patterns peak significantly in the dark at 18
      hours. Only the cerebellum displays significant differences when averaged GABA
      levels for light and dark phases are compared. A circadian pattern peaking in the
      dark described for GABA levels of the corpora quadrigemina which is partly
      reversed by reversing the photoperiod. The rhythm in thalamus-hypothalamus which
      peaks in the dark is complex, consisting of an ultradian rhythm super-imposed on
      a circadian one. The former rhythm appears to be endogenous and unaltered by a
      change in the illumination cycle; the latter exogenous since it varies with the
      illumination cycle. Lower GABA levels in rat brain were found after photoperiod
      reversal.

PMID- 689775
TI  - Hypno-behavioral therapy in the case of a traumatic stutterer: a case study.

PMID- 689774
TI  - On temporal structure of human hiccups: ethology and chronobiology.
AB  - During a study on the phylogeny and ontogeny of human hiccups, essentially all
      hiccups to occur over continuous periods of 3m - lly were recorded from 20
      healthy people of either sex and various ages. Hiccups displayed considerable
      structure in time. If more than a few occurred together, they became
      "established" and a hiccup bout ensued, which did not stop until a certain
      "minimum" number of hiccups had occurred. For many subjects, two or more bouts
      frequently occurred on the same hiccup day, even though days on which bouts
      occurred were weeks apart. Number of hiccups was correlated with age, sex,
      reproductive status and stage of menstrual cycle, time of day, length of time
      since previous hiccup day, length of time since previous hiccup bout, and length
      of hiccup-hiccup intervals within a bout. Findings support the hypothesis that
      human hiccup is a "fixed action pattern" (FAP)--a central theoretical concept in
      ethology--and provide leads for further studies aimed at learning the biological
      function(s) of human hiccup and its possible homologues in other species.

PMID- 689776
TI  - Hypnosis as a tool for termination of therapy.

PMID- 689777
TI  - Hypnosis, pain and the context of therapy.

PMID- 689778
TI  - Specific features of suggested anesthesia in some forms of hypnosis in which the
      subject is active.

PMID- 689779
TI  - Facilitation of arm levitation by responses to previous suggestions of a
      different type.

PMID- 689780
TI  - Two personality measures relating hypnotic susceptibility to absorption.

PMID- 689781
TI  - Hypnotizability, creativity and the role of effortless experiencing.

PMID- 689782
TI  - Contingency contracting with heroin addicts.
AB  - The purpose of this study was to compare three conditions in a single-subject
      reversal design: no contract and no contingencies, a contract without
      contingencies, and a contract with contingencies. There were eight subjects who
      remained long enough in the halfway house environment to provide sufficient data
      for comparison across conditions. The results indicate that managerial behaviors
      (such as keeping a daily log and using a sign-in sheet) came under experimental
      control only during the "contract with contingencies" condition. Drug use did not
      come under control during any condition, apparently because adequate competing
      reinforcers were unavailable in this study.

PMID- 689783
TI  - Evaluation of the effectiveness of intensive confrontation in changing the
      behavior of alcohol and drug abusers.

PMID- 689784
TI  - Admission characteristics of Indian and white alcoholic patients in a rural
      mental hospital.
AB  - A group of 58 American Indian alcoholic admissions and a group of 211 White
      alcoholic admissions to a California State Mental Hospital were interviewed
      utilizing a 141-item interview scale. The two groups were compared as to their
      responses to the interview items by a series of one-way analyses of variance.
      Statistically significant differences were found on demographic, socioeconomic,
      hospitalization, drinking and friendship pattern variables. The results are
      discussed with reference to data reliability, and socioeconomic and cultural
      factors. The study's findings are also related to an apparent need for the
      education of police and native Americans in the area concerning treatment
      resources available to native American problem drinkers.

PMID- 689785
TI  - Occupation and alcoholism: cause or effect? A controlled study of recruits to the
      drink trade.
AB  - Some occupations have higher alcoholism rates than others. It is unknown whether
      "high risk" occupations attract problem drinkers or create them through job
      pressures. One hundred and fifty male manual recruits to Scottish breweries and
      distilleries were interviewed and compared with similar men in lower risk jobs.
      The alcohol producers reported poorer employment records and were significantly
      heavier drinkers than the controls. The alcohol producers were also more likely
      than the controls to have drunk more since recruitment. These results suggest
      that the drink trade attracts a disproportionate number of people likely to
      develop alcohol-related problems and indicates that drinking habits may be
      strongly influenced by work environment.

PMID- 689786
TI  - Behavioral correlates of age at first marijuana use.
AB  - Relationships between age at initial marijuana use and selected behavioral
      measures representing education, arrests, employment, alcohol use, and other drug
      use were examined for a sample of 370 male veterans. Younger age at marijuana use
      was found to be associated with less education, more arrests, and more other drug
      use prior to entering the service. A factor analysis of the correlates of age at
      initial marijiana use suggested three factors of delinquent activities: drug use,
      school delinquency, and other propensities for delinquency.

PMID- 689787
TI  - Rehabilitation experiences of women ex-addicts in methadone treatment.
AB  - In-depth interviews were conducted with 16 female "hard-core" heroin addicts on a
      methadone maintenance treatment program 1 year or longer to learn what the
      rehabilitation process is like for women and how their life-styles had changed
      since being in treatment. The paper describes the adjustments and special
      difficulties experienced by women through patients' own accounts. Behavioral
      changes were verified by clinic records and staff. Cessation of criminal
      behaviors, regulation of daily living patterns on methadone, increased social
      productivity, and adoption of new social values were noted. Persisting problems
      include loneliness, motivational difficulties, and an incomplete transition to
      ordinary society.

PMID- 689788
TI  - Pre- and posthospitalization alcoholic arrests in a rural state.
AB  - Arrest rates of 180 male alcoholics admitted to the Wyoming State Hospital in
      1969 were compared with the general Wyoming population during 1965--1973. Results
      indicated: (1) 67% of the alcoholics had no arrests before or after
      hospitalization; (2) prehospitalization arrest rates of alcoholics were higher
      than the general population for robbery, assault, sex offenses, theft, public
      intoxication, drunk driving, traffic offenses, and vagrancy; (3) following
      hospitalization, alcoholic arrest rates were reduced significantly in all
      categories except robbery and embezzlement and fraud; and (4) posthospitalization
      alcoholic arrest rates were lower than the general population for all offenses
      except robbery, public intoxication, and DWI.

PMID- 689789
TI  - A conceptual model for training group therapists.

PMID- 689790
TI  - Teaching psychoanalytic group psychotherapy: a combined experiential-didactic
      workshop.

PMID- 689791
TI  - Group supervision: an experiential approach.

PMID- 689792
TI  - A psychoanalytic theory of group development.

PMID- 689793
TI  - The use of computers in pharmacokinetics.
AB  - A review of computer applications is presented, and several examples of the use
      of analog and digital computers are given. Special attention is given to fitting
      the time concentration data to the one, two or more exponential equations, for
      estimation of pharmacokinetic parameters, for dosage regimen of drugs and for
      evaluation of bioavailability.

PMID- 689794
TI  - Hepatic activity in the generation of somatomedins: effects of administration of
      a liver extract.
AB  - The problem of the generation of growth factors (somatomedins) (SM) is at present
      a matter of investigation. The liver has been proposed as the primary site of
      production of SM. In order to verify this hypothesis, SM activity has been
      assayed in patients with impairment of liver function. The subjects have been
      divided into three groups according to the severity of the hepatic damage,
      assessed with conventional diagnostic tests. In every group, somatomedin A (ASM)
      has been assayed by means of a biological procedure, in basal conditions and
      after treatment with a liver extract. The results show that the ASM activity is
      reduced in proportion to the degree of hepatic damage. The administration of
      liver extract restores the production of the ASM in the first two groups of
      patients, i.e. in those with mild and moderate hepatic involvement.

PMID- 689795
TI  - The distribution of sodium salicylate in the human fetus.
AB  - The distribution of sodium salicylate was investigated in the fetuses of 18
      mothers in the fifth or sixth month of pregnancy which had to be interrupted for
      medical reasons. Ninety-six min after drug administration, the salicylic acid
      levels in mother and fetus blood are almost equal. The highest drug levels in
      fetus tissue were found in the kidney, the lowest in the brain. In amniotic
      fluid, only traces of salicylic acid were estimated. A limited number of suitable
      cases made the exact statistical evaluation impossible.

PMID- 689796
TI  - Individualization of drug dosage during long-term treatment with phenprocoumon
      (Falithrom).
AB  - Pharmacokinetic studies were carried out with 3H-phenprocoumon (3H-PPC) during
      long-term treatment with phenprocoumon (PPC, Falithrom) in 10 female and male
      patients with thromboembolic diseases. Additionally, 12 mg 3H-PPC were
      administered per os to 6 male volunteers. Half-life and pattern of urine
      metabolites were measured and compared with those in patients. The radioactivity
      decreased independently of the total PPC plasma concentration, which was
      estimated fluorometrically. An exponential regression with a high coefficient of
      determination was found between the mean maintenance dose (PPC) and the area
      under plasma concentration curve of radioactivity. This procedure is considered
      to be a method to improve long-term treatment with PPC.

PMID- 689797
TI  - The relative bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of carbamazepine.
AB  - Differences in the bioavailability after administration of two pure carbamazepine
      samples that were different in particle sizes have been found. Carbamazepine was
      given to each of 3 healthy male volunteers in a single oral dose of 400 mg in
      gelatin capsules. The other carbamazepine sample was administered after a three
      week time interval. Plasma was collected during the following 96 hr. Quantitative
      determination of carbamazepine was performed by gas liquid chromatography. By
      comparing the areas under the various curves for each volunteer, the relative
      bioavailability of one of the carbamazepines in relation to the other one was
      found of approximately 70%. There were no differences in the half-life time.

PMID- 689798
TI  - On the problem of optimum digitlaization in man.
AB  - The low therapeutic index of cardiac glycoside requires an optimum individual
      digitalization. This is also a difficulty in the case of known serum glycoside
      concentrations because individual differences of biochemical and physiological
      factors (which influence both therapeutic and side effects) are important. As a
      rule the physician's criterion for an optimum digitalization is that side effects
      are avoided. This investigation attempted to find a measure for the effect of
      glycosides by noninvasive recording of parameters of myocardial contractility
      (systolic time intervals, STI). The measurements were made under oral
      digitalization with digoxin (Dilanacin). The serum glycoside concentration was
      determined by the radioimmunoassay method. The changes in STI were investigated
      in the rage of 1 to 3 ng digoxin per ml serum. In this concentration a
      significant correlation was demonstrated between STI shortening and glycoside
      level. It was found that the shortening of STI was maximum at the lowest
      concentration (1 ng/ml). It appears that the control of STI is for the physician
      a useful aid for an optimum digitalization in man.

PMID- 689799
TI  - Dosage monitoring through measurement of serum level--a task of clinical
      pharmacology.
AB  - Dosage monitoring or "pharmacokinetic therapy service", respectively, covers
      blood level governed therapy schedule or blood level controlled dosage for
      certain types of therapy. It is also advantageous in applying drugs of a small
      therapeutic range or in "risk" patients such as children, old men and patients
      suffering from elimination disturbances. With the blood level data known,
      physicians can follow an optimum therapy schedule. The principle of this service
      is detailed using therapy with antiepileptics as an example. Through
      substantiation is given.

PMID- 689800
TI  - What is the use of zinc for wound healing?

PMID- 689801
TI  - The fine page.

PMID- 689802
TI  - Keloidal blastomycosis (Lobo's disease) in Panama.
AB  - A 58-year-old Panamanian man had diagnosis of keliodal blastomycosis (Lobo's
      disease) by the scarring nodules on his ears and the fungi seen on histologic
      section.

PMID- 689803
TI  - A clinical survey of skin diseases in selected Latin American countries.

PMID- 689804
TI  - Broadening medical student education with a multispecialty elective.

PMID- 689805
TI  - [Serum carotenoids and vitamin A in melanodermic and albino subjects in
      Cameroon].
AB  - Vitamin A nutritional status as assessed by carotenoid and vitamin A assays in
      sera collected in various parts of Cameroon prooved to be of good value. Palm oil
      rich diets lead to high seric carotenoid concentrations and tissular accumulation
      which is particularly visible on the palms and soles of melanodermic and albinos
      subjects.

PMID- 689806
TI  - Vitamin D status of elderly at home and institutionalised in hospital.
AB  - In a study of institutionalised and non-institutionalised aged requiring medical
      care, the biochemical deficiency of vitamin D was noted in over 40 per cent of
      the subjects, while osteomalacia was diagnosed biochemically in only 5.2 per
      cent. The vitamin D status demonstrated no relationship to bone density.

PMID- 689807
TI  - Stereobiochemical aspects of warfarin isomers for inhibition of enzymatic
      alkylation of menaquinone-0 to menaquinone-4 in chick liver.
AB  - The inhibition of enzymatic activity by the isomers of warfarin for alkylation of
      menaquinone-0 to menaquinone-4 has been studied in chick liver. Injection of (6,7
      -3H2)-menaquinone-0 into chicks resulted in the biosynthesis of menaquinone-4
      within 3 h. Microsomes of control chicks contained 78 per cent of the total
      menaquinone-4. (S) (-)-Warfarin and (R) (+)-warfarin isomers inhibited the
      biosynthesis of menaquinone-4 of about 67 and 17 per cent respectively.
      Fractionation of soluble microsomal proteins lead to the the isolation of a
      menaquinone-4 binding protein.

PMID- 689808
TI  - Metabolism and biological activity of a thiamine new salt. I. Urinary excretion
      and tissue content of vitamin B1 in rats treated with thiamine chloride ester
      monophosphate of Bis-glucosamine.
AB  - Research has been carried out on the metabolism of thiamine chloride ester
      monophosphate of bis-D-glucosamine (TCMPG) evaluating the urinary excretion, the
      blood and the hepatic content of thiamine in the rat after intraperitoneal
      injection of this compound. The results obtained have shown a greater retention
      of vitamin B1 when it is administered as glucosamine salt. In fact, the amount of
      thiamine excreted by the rats which have received the TCMPG is lower while the
      blood and liver levels of vitamin are higher, compared with the control rats
      treated with thiamine monophosphate only, or with thiamine and glucosamine. These
      results permit the conclusion that glucosamine increases the utilization of the
      vitamin and its penetration into the cells.

PMID- 689809
TI  - [The nutritional efficiency of niacin in the presence of leucine].

PMID- 689810
TI  - Some studies on ascorbic acid metabolism in hydrazine-treated rats.
AB  - The metabolism of ascorbic acid was studied in hydrazine-treated rats. Hydrazine
      was administered i.p. at a dose of 1.28 mg/day (20% LD50) for each 100 g body
      weight for 7 days. Hydrazine administration at the present dose did not appear to
      have an effect on the total ascorbic acid level of liver, kidney, spleen and
      testis. The adrenal and plasma total ascorbic acid levels were, however,
      elevated. The activity of liver D-glucuronoreductase and that of liver and kidney
      dehydroascorbatases were diminished after hydrazine administration. The changes
      in the activities of liver enzymes were accompanied by a fall in the reduced
      ascorbic acid level and an elevation in the dehydroascorbic acid level. The
      uronolactonase activity of liver, on the other hand, remained independent of
      hydrazine treatment. It has been suggested that hydrazine treatment at the
      present dose reduced the biosynthesis of L-ascorbic acid from D-glucuronolactone
      as substrate. In spite of diminished synthesis, the normal level of total
      ascorbic acid in the liver of hydrazine-treated rats was maintained by reducing
      the degradation of L-ascorbic acid. The rise in the plasma total ascorbic acid
      level after hydrazine treatment was ascribed to reduced catabolism and urinary
      excretion of ascorbic acid, while the elevation in adrenal total ascorbic acid
      level might result from increased uptake of ascorbic acid by the gland from blood
      or from nonfunctional accumulation.

PMID- 689811
TI  - Carnitine and acetylcarnitine in skeletal and cardiac muscle.
AB  - The acetylcarnitine/carnitine ratio has been found significantly increased in
      tibial muscles of swimming rats in comparison with normal rats. Analogous
      increase occurred in electrically stimulated tibial muscle in comparison with the
      unstimulated controlateral muscle of the same animal. Swimming also induced a
      statistically significant increase of the acetylcarnitine/carnitine ratio in
      heart, while norepinephrine administration resulted in a decrease of carnitine
      not accompanied by a corresponding increase in acetylcarnitine in a severe
      carnitine depletion of cardiac muscle. These results are discussed in terms of
      carnitine function in the acetyl metabolism, assuming the acetylcarnitine as a
      possible acetyl reservoir in the working muscle.

PMID- 689812
TI  - Liver arginase activity and plasma urea-nitrogen in steers fed diets containing
      different levels of protein.
AB  - Seventeen Charolais-Hereford crossbred steers averaging 220.0 kg in weight
      initially were randomly allotted to three treatments and fed diets containing (A)
      9%, (B) 11%, or (C) 13% protein ad libitum in individual pens for 238 days. Liver
      samples were taken by aspiration biopsy on days 47 (sampling I) and 238 (sampling
      II) for arginase assay. Blood samples were taken by jugular puncture at these
      same times for plasma urea-nitrogen analysis. Mean hepatic arginase activities
      (mumole urea/mg protein/hr) of steers fed the three diets at sampling I were: (A)
      224.8, (B) 327.8 and (C) 333.3. The activities of B and C were significantly (P
      less than .05) higher than A. Plasma urea-N levels at this same time averaged:
      (A) 4.44, (B) 8.55 and (C) 12.22 mg/100 ml, and were significantly different (P
      less than .01) from each other. Arginase activities at sampling II were: (A)
      240.6, (B) 305.2 and (C) 353.0. A differed significantly (P less than .05) from
      C. Plasma urea-N at this time averaged: (A) 8.69, (B) 10.72 and (C) 15.00 mg/100
      ml, and C was significantly (P less than 5.0) higher than A and B. These data
      suggest that in the bovine hepatic arginase activity levels increase with
      increases in dietary protein and that similar patterns in activity are maintained
      after feeding for an extended period of time. The increased arginase activity was
      accompanied by increased plasma urea-nitrogen.

PMID- 689813
TI  - Classification (staging) of renal parenchymal tumours.
AB  - The different classification systems (clinical, microscopic, descriptive) of
      renal cell tumours provide useful clues to the evaluation and prognosis of these
      tumours. The prognostic reliability of clinical staging as recommended by UICC
      is, however, questionable because the clinical parameters are not clearly defined
      and even the radiological features are of equivocal prognostic significance.
      Descriptive classification on the basis of the complete surgical specimen is
      regarded as fundamental to the understanding of the evolution, thus also of the
      prognosis, of renal cell tumours. The author describes his original staging
      system of renal cell tumours set forth in 1956 and its modifications in
      accordance with the recommendations of UICC, taking the stages of evolution (P),
      involvement of the regional lymph nodes (N+ or N-) and generalization ((M + or M
      ) into account. The significance of the intracapsular stage ("Stage A") of the
      tumour is stressed. Renal vein involvement (V+ or V-) is regarded as a less
      reliable prognostic parameter. For lymph node involvement subdivision into Stages
      N1-N4 is proposed. The prognostic implications of the descriptive staging system
      are illustrated in terms of survival figures in a series of 250 cases.

PMID- 689814
TI  - A hitherto undescribed case of "collision" tumour: liposarcoma of the seminal
      vesicle and prostatic carcinoma.
AB  - A hitherto undescribed type of the rare "collision" tumours is reported: necropsy
      in a 77-year-old male patient revealed liposarcoma of the right seminal vesicle
      in association with anaplastic carcinoma of the prostate. The carcinoma was fused
      with the liposarcoma as a result of its invasive local growth and had formed
      deposits in the lymph nodes, bones and lungs. The left seminal vesicle showed
      localized amyloidosis. A review of the published cases of mesenchymal tumours of
      the seminal vesicles is presented.

PMID- 689815
TI  - Involuntary ureteral micturition resulting from the ectopic opening of the single
      ureter into the urethra.
AB  - The ectopic opening of the single ureter is a rare developmental defect of the
      urinary system. The authors present a case of the opening displacement of the
      single ureter to the urethra resulting in ureteral micturition. The successful
      treatment is a result of the transplantation of the ureter into the bladder.

PMID- 689816
TI  - A contribution to the study of kinetics of ureteral urine passage in children.
AB  - For the assessment of ureteral urine passage in children sequential scintigraphy
      with an analyzing system was used. Through the proper division of the time of
      examination into short time intervals the information on the areal distribution
      of urine was obtained, dependent on time. After demarcation of the spheres of
      interest by light-pen, the level of radioactivity was followed continually in a
      form of curves. Information for the assessment of etiopathogenesis of the disease
      was selected from the memory system of the device. Through the radioisotope
      examination also the dynamic changes have been recorded, not visible in excretion
      urograms, or only presumable from them. The method of examination described can
      help to assess the functional importance of morphological findings.

PMID- 689817
TI  - Cavernospongiosum shunt in management of priapism: is it a reliable method?
AB  - The efficiency of cavernospongiosum shunt in the management of priapism was
      evaluated in 10 patients. Technical details such as the "Z" perineal incision and
      the opening followed by closure of the contralateral corpus cavernosum, at the
      time of corpora evacuation, can improve the local exposure and permits a more
      complete drainage of the corpus cavernosum, but did not improve our results when
      they were compared with other techniques for treatment of priapism. Penile
      flaccidity and preservation of sexual potency occurred in 6 (60%) and 5 (50%)
      patients, respectively, and no surgical complications were observed. Immediate
      penile flaccidity and regaining of physiologic erection were, however, not
      complete even in the successfully treated patients. The cavernospongiosum shunt
      does not seem to represent the definitive form of treating priapism. New
      knowledge about mechanisms involved in priapism has to be obtained, in order to
      improve the approach and the prognosis of this disabling condition.

PMID- 689818
TI  - Mesterolone treatment of patients with pathospermia.
AB  - The response to Mesterolone, in doses of 25 mg/day, was examined in 42
      pathospermic patients. Treatment lasted for 100 days. The pronounced response to
      the Mesterolone treatment was observed in hypozoo- and oligozoospermia with low
      initial fructose content in the ejaculate. Fructose content attained its normal
      range after the treatment. During the therapeutic period 11 wives became
      pregnant. The authors conclude that Mesterolone does not influence plasma FSH, LH
      and testosterone levels, it has only peripheral effects.

PMID- 689819
TI  - Diagnostic imaging of the liver and bile ducts.

PMID- 689820
TI  - The pediatric tracheostomy: III). An appraisal of xerography.
AB  - Comparatively new in the roentgen evaluation of infants and children, xerography
      would appear to be ideal for portraying the pediatric airway. Since the radiation
      dose of xerography is higher than conventional radiography, its image quality is
      the subject of careful scrutiny in a pediatric setting here described in 23
      infants and children with tracheostomies. In this appraisal three pediatric
      radiologists independently compared each child's xeroradiograph with an accepted
      control, conventional radiography. The principal conclusion: the xerographic
      image of the pediatric airway is slightly superior to standard radiography in
      most studies (40 of 47 paired studies, 85.1%). In all but two comparisons,
      however, the tracheal morphology is correctly perceived, described, and
      interpreted in both the standard radiograph and the xeroradiograph. The main role
      of xerography, then, is its verification of tracheal detail as first depicted by
      the preliminary radiography. This confirmation is important in this particular
      pediatric problem, the tracheostomy, which has inherent difficulties in correct
      roentgen diagnosis.

PMID- 689821
TI  - Epinephrine enhanced knee arthrography.
AB  - The effect of .3 cc of 1:1000 epinephrine on iodine concentration, total iodine
      content, fluid volume and radiographic quality was evaluated in knee arthrograms
      in dogs. With the addition of epinephrine the iodine concentration and total
      iodine content were significantly higher initially and remained significantly
      higher than in controls over a one hour period. The fluid volume in the knee was
      significantly lower with epinephrine. Initially both contrast absorption and
      dilution have major effects in decreasing iodine concentration. With increasing
      time the effect of contrast absorption becomes the major factor, having a two of
      three times greater effect on decreasing iodine concentration. With epinephrine
      radiographs were judged significantly better early and while the quality
      deteriorated rapidly in the controls the enhanced quality with epinephrine
      persisted up to one hour. Epinephrine is a very useful adjunct in enhancing the
      quality of knee arthrography.

PMID- 689822
TI  - A breast phantom method for evaluating mammography technique.
AB  - A new breast phantom has been designed for use in evaluating mammographic system
      performance. This phantom incorporates simulated calcifications and fibrillar
      objects in fat, of graded size, to permit measurements of detail visibility. A
      special methodology has been developed for measuring visible object size to
      achieve reproducible and clinically relevant results. Materials and construction
      of the phantom also permit carrying out dosimetry with an appropriate ionization
      chamber. Dosage and detail visibility measurements are reported for the Xerox
      125, Min-R and Xonics systems. In addition to providing information regarding
      technique and image receptors, these results demonstrate the usefulness of the
      basic phantom design, and suggest possible improvements.

PMID- 689823
TI  - Angiographic, microangiographic and hemodynamic evaluation of hepatic artery
      embolization in the rabbit.

PMID- 689824
TI  - Diameter of arterial microvessels trapping 8--10 micron, 15 micron and 25 micron
      microspheres as determined by vital microscopy of the hamster cheek pouch.
AB  - An assumption inherent in the use of microsphere methodology for measuring
      regional blood flow is that microspheres are removed from the circulation by
      impacting in arterial vessels of approximately their own diameter. We
      investigated the in vivo relationship between the diameter of varying size
      microspheres and the calibre of trapping microvessels within the hamster cheek
      pouch. Intracardiac injection of 8-10, 15 +/- 5, 25 +/- 5 micron carbonized
      microspheres with diversion of the cardiac output into the bracheocephalic trunk
      provided direct, in vivo visualization of the impaction sites of these various
      size microspheres within the cheek pouch microvasculature. Fifteen micron
      microspheres usually impacted at the orifice or neck of small arterioles and
      protruded into the lumen of the parent vessel. Eight to ten micron microspheres
      lodged in vessels with a mean diameter of 11.5 +/- SD 3.4 micron indicating that
      they usually impacted primarily in terminal arterioles.

PMID- 689825
TI  - Microradiography of the collecting ducts in the perfusion fixed rabbit kidney:
      suggestions for the anatomic basis for the radiographic appearance of cortical
      striations and intrarenal reflux.
AB  - Perfusion fixation was used to preserve the rabbit kidney, in its in vivo state
      (open tubules). Barium sulfate was either injected through the renal artery at a
      pressure sufficient to cause postulated microruptures in the glomerular tufts and
      opacify the tubules, or refluxed via the ureter to opacify the collecting ducts
      and tubules to the level of Bowman's capsule. The anatomy of the collecting ducts
      and their relationships to the nephrons were demonstrated, allowing suggestions
      for the anatomical basis for the radiographic appearances of cortical striations
      and intrarenal reflux.

PMID- 689826
TI  - Urographic excretion studies: preliminary results with a six-iodine, singly
      ionizing sodium salt--P.286.
AB  - Preliminary results of comparative studies with a new water-soluble contrast
      agent are described. The new agent, with the code P.286, is a molecule with 6
      iodine atoms attached and only one ionizing group. The sodium salt of the new
      agent has been compared with sodium iothalamate and metrizamide in dogs. The
      results suggest that the sodium salt of P.286 is superior in terms of urinary
      iodine concentration to both sodium iothalamate and metrizamide.

PMID- 689827
TI  - Time-related contrast enhancement of blood, normal muscle, and V2 carcinoma in
      the rabbit as determined by CT scanning.
AB  - After a bolus of intravenous Renografin, the delivery and washout of contrast in
      malignant V2 carcinoma, normal muscle, and blood using CT scanning was evaluated
      over a two-hour period. Diagnostically useful differences in enhancement between
      V2 carcinoma and muscle predictably lasted one hour, but in selected rabbits
      lasted longer. Delivery and washout was greater in tumor than in normal muscle,
      and it was these differences which accounted for the diagnostically useful
      differences in enhancement. After two hours, attenuation in V2 and normal muscle
      remained elevated, while blood returned to nearly control levels, suggesting a
      large amount of contrast distributed throughout the extravascular space and
      probably in equilibrium with excretion.

PMID- 689828
TI  - Uptake of contrast materials by experimental acute myocardial infarctions: a
      preliminary report.
AB  - The concentration of iodine within infarcted and normal myocardium after
      intravenous administration of contrast material was determined by fluorescence
      excitation analysis in seven dogs at 48 hours after coronary arterial ligation.
      The iodine concentration of infarcted myocardial tissue was several times greater
      than normal myocardium after administration of meglumine/sodium diatrizoate,
      iodipamide, and an experimental polymer of iothalamic acid.

PMID- 689829
TI  - Deleterious synergism of a cardiac glycoside and sodium diatrizoate.
AB  - Studies were performed in mice to determine if the cardiac glycoside,
      Strophanthin-K, and the contrast medium, sodium diatrizoate, interact
      synergistically to produce death. Intravenous injections of lethal and near
      lethal doses of the two agents produced a significantly greater mortality than
      the individual agents alone. Low or near clinical doses of Strophanthin-K, when
      given with doses of diatrizoate in the lethal range, produced mortalities
      significantly greater than did the diatrizoate alone. Similarly, low or near
      clinical doses of diatrizoate given with doses of Strophanthin-K in the lethal
      range produced mortalities significantly greater than for the Strophanthin-K
      alone. Isotonic or hypertonic saline, when substituted for diatrizoate or
      Strophanthin-K did not produce synergistic increases in mortality. Thus neither
      the injection volume, nor agent hypertonicity or ionic strength, seem to be the
      primary factors in the synergism to produce death. The diatrizoate anion appears
      to be an important factor. Until more information is available from other animal
      models it appears that patients receiving cardiac glycoside should be considered
      to have a higher than normal risk of serious reactions to contrast media in
      intravenous urography.

PMID- 689830
TI  - Iopanoate glucuronide: procedure for its iolation and purification and
      pharmacokinetics of its biliary excretion.

PMID- 689831
TI  - A study of o-cresolphthalexon and its analogs as cholescintigraphic 111In
      carriers.
AB  - 111In has been complexed to a series of metal-complexing phthaleins and
      sulfonphthaleins, and the hepatobiliary excretion of the compounds were compared
      in rats. The highest biliary excretion was obtained with 111In-o
      cresolphthalexon. In a normal human subject, sequential imaging with 111In-o
      cresolphthalexon visualized his gallbladder, common bile duct, and the bowel from
      jejunum to rectum. The potential utility and limitation of this biliary scanning
      agent is discussed.

PMID- 689832
TI  - Evaluation and characteristics of currently available inulin.
AB  - Inulin was not available for clinical testing in the United States between
      February 1973 and July 1975 because the raw material received in the United
      States differed from previously manufactured lots in molecular weight, glucose
      content, optical rotation, melting point, and water solubility. The comparability
      of the "new" and "old" inulin preparations was assessed in 12 adult male spinal
      cord injury patients, seven with normal renal function and five with compromised
      function. The "new" inulin proved to be as accurate and safe an agent for the
      determination of glomerular filtration rate as the previously available material
      in both groups of patients, and was made available for general clinical use in
      the United States in July 1975.

PMID- 689833
TI  - Elevated rate of 3H-uridine incorporation in regressing rat ventral prostate.
AB  - Ventral prostates from adult Sprague-Dawley rats were removed at intervals during
      the first 2 weeks postcastration. Incubation of tissue with 3H-uridine and 3H
      leucine was performed to determine the incorporation rate of radioactivity into
      the RNA and protein fractions respectively. Prostatic wet weight and 3H-leucine
      incorporation rate into prostate protein diminished postcastration, whereas 3H
      uridine incorporation rate remained relatively high. The data suggest that RNA
      synthesis is relatively active in comparison with other parameters during
      regression.

PMID- 689835
TI  - Effect of retinoic acid on organ-cultured transitional epithelium.
AB  - In view of the correlation shown in vivo between vitamin A deficiency and
      increased transitional cell proliferation, the ability of retinoic acid to block
      hyperplasia in organ-cultured bladder epithelium was investigated. Retinoic acid,
      at concentrations shown to block hyperplasia in other in vitro systems, was
      ineffective in blocking hyperplasia in bladder epithelium. The data suggest the
      possibility that, in vivo, vitamin A may not act directly on the transitional
      epithelium to control cell proliferation. The cytoplasmic volume, which normally
      decreases during the period of hyperplasia in vitro, was increased by retinoic
      acid. The increase in cytoplasmic volume stimulated by 0.3 micrometer retinoic
      acid was sufficient to maintain normal nuclear:cytoplasmic ratios during the
      hyperplastic response. The increase in cytoplasmic volume could not be correlated
      with increased protein, mucin, or glycogen synthesis. The data suggest that
      retinoic acid may have increased the permeability of the luminal membrane to
      water, possibly by interfering with the synthesis of the keratin component of the
      membrane.

PMID- 689834
TI  - Partial inhibition of castration induced ventral prostate regression with
      actinomycin D and cycloheximide.
AB  - Sprague Dawley male rats were injected subcutaneously with either actinomycin D
      or cycloheximide in saline immediately after castration. Control animals received
      saline only. Treatment was repeated daily for 4 subsequent days, and 24 hr after
      the last injection rats were sacrificed by decapitation. Ventral prostates were
      dissected and weighed. Actinomycin D and cycloheximide administration
      significantly reduced the rate of prostatic weight loss in castrated rats; serum
      testosterone levels in the control and drug treated animals were comparable.
      Histologic studies of the prostates indicated that drug treated animals had more
      active epithelial cells than saline injected controls. These results indicate
      that the rate of prostatic regression induced by castration can be modified by
      drugs such as actinomycin D and cycloheximide.

PMID- 689836
TI  - Isocitrate uptake and citrate production by rat ventral prostate fragments.
AB  - Prostatic aconitase was investigated utilizing fragments of rat ventral prostate.
      The rate of citrate formation from isocitrate was used as an index of aconitase
      activity. Inhibition of citrate formation from isocitrate by fluorocitrate
      indicated that aconitase activity was being measured. The results indicated that
      whereas both kidney and prostate formed citrate from isocitrate, the aconitase
      activity of prostate was independent of both medium isocitrate and citrate
      concentration. In addition the aconitase activity of prostate seemed to favor
      citrate formation to a much greater degree than kidney. The results showed that
      the aconitase catalyzed conversion of citrate to isocitrate is limited in
      prostate and suggested that the deficient citrate oxidation observed in prostate
      is the result of a unique aconitase activity.

PMID- 689837
TI  - Biodegradable ureteral grafts in dogs.
AB  - In six dogs, a segment of the right ureter was replaced by a tubular segment of
      poly [L(-) lactic acid], a new absorbable biomaterial, with the hope that the
      foreign body would be absorbed or dissolved after a new mucosally lined channel
      had formed. The dogs were followed with excretory urograms, blood urea nitrogens,
      and serum creatinines. Postoperatively, four of the six dogs had deteriorating or
      total loss of function of the right kidney by 8 months attributable to
      obstruction of the ureter by disintegrating implant.

PMID- 689838
TI  - A preliminary study of the serotypes of Corynebacterium genitalium by means of
      the complement-fixation test.

PMID- 689839
TI  - The initiation, progress, and diagnosis of dog bladder cancer induced by 4
      aminobiphenyl.
AB  - Twenty-four beagles received 4-aminobiphenyl orally 5 days a week for 3 years.
      The dogs were examined cytoscopically at frequent intervals. Biopsy and surgery
      were performed according to predetermined criteria. Three basic patterns of
      carcinogen responses were seen. Negative or minimal disease was seen in four
      dogs. Of these, two remained completely free of neoplasia. Eleven dogs progressed
      slowly in their development of neoplasia with minor fluctuations in development.
      A rapidly progressive pattern was observed in the remaining nine dogs. A large
      variance in the time of onset of the first positive diagnosis of neoplasia was
      seen. Eleven dogs underwent surgery ranging from tumor sampling to cystectomy
      plus ureterosigmoidostomy. Histologic types and grades and patterns of metastasis
      as well as several other characteristics seemed to parallel closely human bladder
      cancer.

PMID- 689840
TI  - Comparison of arteriography, venography, and pyelography in experimental renal
      trauma.
AB  - Experimentally produced renal injuries are shown by arteriography, venography,
      and retrograde pyelography using geometric magnification techniques.
      Arteriography is the most satisfactory modality examined. Venography is
      technically more difficult and generally less sensitive than arteriography,
      although extravasation of contrast material was shown with equal frequency.
      Retrograde pyelography is inferior to arteriography and correlates closely with
      the venographic findings.

PMID- 689841
TI  - Experimental closure of urinary bladders with surgical staples.
AB  - The auto stapler, an instrument proven to be effective in other surgical
      procedures, was utilized to close the canine urinary bladder. The procedure was
      found to be simple. Anticipated postoperative complications, particularly leak,
      infection, or stone formation were not experienced.

PMID- 689842
TI  - The importance of renal prostaglandin synthesis in maintaining renal blood flow
      and glomerular filtration after renal artery stenosis in the conscious dog.
AB  - We studied the effects of inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis on the renal blood
      flow and glomerular filtration rate of four conscious dogs with chronic
      unilateral renal artery stenosis. Dogs were prepared by exteriorizing the bladder
      trigone to allow repeated split renal function studies. Renal artery stenosis was
      produced with a Goldblatt clamp on one renal artery. Each of ten studies
      determined the function of each kidney in the conscious dog before and after
      indomethacin treatment. Administration of indomethacin resulted in a 90 per cent
      reduction of urinary prostaglandin E excretion, but no functional changes were
      produced in the kidney with the stenotic artery. These studies indicate that
      renal prostaglandins are not responsible for maintenance of creatinine and para
      aminohippuric acid clearances after renal artery stenosis in the dog. However,
      the concentration gradient for creatinine between the stenotic and non-stenotic
      kidney was enhanced by indomethacin.

PMID- 689843
TI  - Transmucosal potential difference in gastritis: correlation with endoscopic
      appearance and histology.

PMID- 689844
TI  - Serum immunoglobulin E levels in normal healthy adults.

PMID- 689845
TI  - Transposition of the great arteries in the newborn: a three year survey.

PMID- 689846
TI  - Methods of assessment of short-term diabetic control.

PMID- 689847
TI  - Thrombosis of inferior vena cava following rupture of Rashkind balloon catheter.

PMID- 689848
TI  - Signal detection analysis of drug effects.

PMID- 689849
TI  - Effects of ET 495 (piribedil) on water intake in the rat: evidence for a
      dopaminergic involvement in thirst.

PMID- 689850
TI  - Taste aversion as a method for assessing the effects of gonadal hormones on
      behaviour.

PMID- 689851
TI  - Drug effects on spontaneous and septally-elicited hippocamal theta.

PMID- 689852
TI  - The role of the pituitary-adrenal system in the development of behavioural
      arousal.

PMID- 689853
TI  - Social isolation in the young rat: neurochemical correlates of chronic
      amphetamine treatment.

PMID- 689854
TI  - The inhibition of protein synthesis by glutarimide antibiotics and long-term
      memory.

PMID- 689855
TI  - The anorectic action of mazindol.

PMID- 689856
TI  - Biochemical and behavioural studies of monoamine oxidase inhibition.

PMID- 689857
TI  - Pregnancies of Irish residents terminated in England and Wales in 1976.

PMID- 689858
TI  - The making of a consultant.

PMID- 689859
TI  - The work pattern of a consultant physician in the U.K.

PMID- 689860
TI  - Breast feeding in relation to socio-economic group and separation of mother and
      baby.

PMID- 689861
TI  - Special problems of psychogeriatric care.

PMID- 689862
TI  - Psychiatric sequelae of head injuries: problems in diagnosis.

PMID- 689863
TI  - Epilepsy and psychosis.

PMID- 689864
TI  - Is abortion a religious issue? 1. Religious, moral, and sociologicological
      issues: some basic distinctions.

PMID- 689865
TI  - Is abortion a religious issue? 2. Enacting religious beliefs in a pluralistic
      society.

PMID- 689866
TI  - Is abortion a religious issue? 3. The irrelevance of religion in the abortion
      debate.

PMID- 689867
TI  - Cracking codes.

PMID- 689868
TI  - Homebirth: autonomy vs. safety.

PMID- 689869
TI  - Studying grief without consent: commentary.

PMID- 689870
TI  - Studying grief without consent: commentary.

PMID- 689871
TI  - The  right to die.

PMID- 689872
TI  - Is 'natural death' an illusion?

PMID- 689873
TI  - Refusing treatment in nonterminal illness.

PMID- 689874
TI  - Physicians and power.

PMID- 689875
TI  - The science court on trial in Minnesota.

PMID- 689876
TI  - Medical morality and medical economics.

PMID- 689877
TI  - The emergency medical services program of Hawaii, Part III: The Hawaii Medical
      Association's training of mobile intensive care technicians (MICT's) as pre
      hospital paramedics.

PMID- 689878
TI  - Distinguishing one anemia from another. Microcytosis, iron deficiency and
      thalassemia trait.

PMID- 689879
TI  - [Clinical aspects of pelvic stenosis syndrome (Schneider-Fischer)].
AB  - Six cases with posthrombotic obstruction of the pelvic veins are reported. These
      case reports demonstrate the variability of the clinical symptomatology. In
      addition relationships between the postthrombotic obstruction of the pelvic veins
      and hemorrhoids and varicocele are discussed. Therapeutical aspects are reviewed.

PMID- 689880
TI  - [Juvenile dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans].
AB  - Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans is observed in younger or middle-aged patients
      after the transformation from the initial stage of a chronic fibrous plaque into
      a rapidly growing, sometimes painful or bleeding tumor. First manifestation in
      early childhood is considered in about 10 per cent of the reported patients. In
      the case that we observed the neoplasma was present at birth and increased to a
      multinodular tumor between three and four years of age. Repeated local
      recurrences in the scar were observed after the surgical removal. The clinical
      behavior of the tumor in childhood is comparable to those of adults. Because of
      its malignant potential extended early excision should be undertaken despite of
      the risk of widespread scarring.

PMID- 689881
TI  - [Triggering of immunologic reactions by Strehler's pressure wave therapy in
      patients with chronic venous insufficiency].
AB  - Thirteen patients with chronic venous insufficiency of the legs, mostly with
      ulcerations, were treated during four weeks by pressure wave therapy following
      the method of Strehler. Some parameters of circulation, blood, and immunology
      were controlled at the beginning, at the third, tenth, twentieth and fourtieth
      day. There was a tendency to normalization of hypo- and hypertension, of the
      blood calcium and kalium, and especially, there was a significant increase of IgG
      and C'4 during the treatment with decrease of the IgM. Other parameters did not
      show specific alterations. The mobilisation of edema by pressure wave therapy
      seems to arise an immunologic reaction, probably by activating antigens or
      antigen-antibody complexes.

PMID- 689882
TI  - [Skin diseases in art. III. Examples from the Nurnberg Germanic National Museum].

PMID- 689883
TI  - [Contact sensitivity to lead].
AB  - A case of contact sensitization to lead is described which presented as an acute
      bullous contact dermatitis after application of an ointment containing lead oxide
      (unguentum diachylon Hebra). In patch testing, the patient reacted strongly to
      lead oxide and lead acetate. Further examination revealed a chronic lead
      intoxication with neurologic and labyrinthine involvement. As a painter, the
      patient had had professional contact with the lead paints up to 25 years ago for
      a period of 30 years. He had never noticed any contact allergies to his working
      materials.

PMID- 689885
TI  - [Dermatology in Mexico. Report on a 1 year's stay].

PMID- 689884
TI  - [Coexistence of pemphigus vulgaris and myopathy].

PMID- 689886
TI  - Locus of control and the intention to lose weight.
AB  - The relative importance of personal attitudes toward losing weight and the social
      pressures for weight loss in determining intentions to lose weight was compared
      for locus of control internals and externals who valued health and/or physical
      appearance highly. Findings consistent with the hypothesized differential
      importance of these two predictors of behavior intention for individuals
      designated internal and external by a behavior-specific locus of control scale
      are presented. Theoretical and practical applications of the findings are
      discussed.

PMID- 689887
TI  - Health locus of control and health value in the prediction of smoking reduction.
AB  - Thirty-five participants in a smoking cessation program met weekly for seven
      weeks in small groups and then were assigned to one of four follow-up procedures
      for an additional eight weeks. Information on smoking levels was obtained at the
      beginning of the program, at the end of the seven-week treatment period, at the
      end of the two-moth follow-up period, and during an additional five-month
      extended follow-up period. As hypothesized from social learning theory,
      individuals who held internally-oriented health locus of control beliefs and who
      valued health highly were most successful in achieving and maintaining changes in
      their smoking behavior. Thes results are discussed in terms of their implications
      for the problem of maintenance of behavior changes achieved by smoking cessation
      programs.

PMID- 689888
TI  - A test of the construct validity of health locus of control: effects on self
      reported compliance for hypertensive patients.
AB  - A test of the construct validity of the Health Locus of Control (HLC) scale is
      presented within the larger framework of Rotter's social learning theory. Self
      reported compliance behavior was predicted to relate to the subject's HLC
      orientation, value toward health, and level of perceived home assistance. In a
      sample of ambulatory hypertensive patients, a significant two-way interaction
      effect was calculated between the perceived level of home assistance and the
      patient's HLC orientation (p = .02). The more internally oriented the patient and
      the higher the level of perceived home assistance in complying with the
      prescribed medical regimen, the greater the level of self-reported compliance
      behavior.

PMID- 689889
TI  - Development of an instrument to measure children's health locus of control.
AB  - Studies were conducted with children ages 7 to 12 years to develop an instrument
      to measure children's health locus of control. Findings provide evidence that the
      Children's Health Locus of Control scale has acceptable levels of reliability,
      internal consistency, and construct validity. Item analysis and factor analysis
      were performed to determine item effectiveness and existence of significant
      subscales. Implications of this research for health education of children are
      disscussed. Links between the theoretical basis for the locus of control
      construct and a more comprehensive explanation of health behavior are outlined.

PMID- 689890
TI  - Development of the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC) Scales.
AB  - The development of the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control scales is
      described. Scales have been developed to tap beliefs that the source of
      reinforcements for health-related behaviors is primarily internal, a matter of
      chance, or under the control of powerful others. These scales are based on
      earlier work with a general Health Locus of Control Scale, which, in turn, was
      developed from Rotter's social learning theory. Equivalent forms of the scales
      are presented along with initial internal consistency and validity data. Possible
      means of utilizing these scales are provided.

PMID- 689891
TI  - Geographical variability in the colour polymorphism of Idotea baltica (Isopoda)
      in the northern Baltic.

PMID- 689892
TI  - Karyotypes in lymphocytes of two strains of rabbit, and two species of hare.

PMID- 689893
TI  - Effect of histidinol and parafluorophenylalanine on metaphase chromosome
      structure in human lymphoid cells.

PMID- 689894
TI  - Characteristics of the banding patterns in non-Hodgkin and non-Burkitt lymphomas.

PMID- 689895
TI  - The effect of methyl mercury hydroxide on meiotic chromosomes of the grasshopper
      Stethophyma grossum.

PMID- 689896
TI  - Occupational and environmental risks in and around a smelter in northern Sweden.
      IV. Chromosomal aberrations in workers exposed to lead.

PMID- 689897
TI  - Chromosome marker in domestic pigs. C-band polymorphism.

PMID- 689898
TI  - A hypothesis on the origin of meiosis.

PMID- 689899
TI  - A case of chromosomal polymorphism in an inbred Yorkshire pig.

PMID- 689900
TI  - [Ultrasonic Doppler diagnosis angiology].

PMID- 689901
TI  - [Protein stabilization by means of covalent binding with carbohydrates].

PMID- 689902
TI  - [Interferon: a protein with antiviral effect].

PMID- 689903
TI  - [New insights into the digestion of fats].

PMID- 689904
TI  - [Lipids and membrane function].

PMID- 689905
TI  - [Vegetative afferences of the heart].

PMID- 689906
TI  - [Binocular depth vision and constitutive space perception].

PMID- 689907
TI  - [Neck injuries].

PMID- 689908
TI  - [Intracavernous penis prosthesis in the treatment of erective impotence].

PMID- 689909
TI  - [Zinc in dermatology].

PMID- 689910
TI  - The evolution and distribution of hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in human
      foetal skin throughout gestation.
AB  - Specimens of skin from human foetuses from 6--41 weeks gestation were incubated
      to demonstrate the presence of hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSDs) by
      histochemical methods. When present HSDs were noted only within the acini of the
      sebaceous glands and in the secretory duct. Seventeen-beta-HSD activity was first
      demonstrated at 16 weeks gestation, co-incident with full function in the glands.
      Three-beta- and 16beta-HSD activity did not appear until 22--24 weeks. There were
      differences between the foetal pattern of distribution of the enzymes within
      gland acini and that already known in skin from subjects in extrauterine life.
      The time of changeover to the latter pattern has been established as 38 weeks
      gestation. No correlation was noted between HSD activity and the sex of the
      foetus or body site. It is concluded that foetal skin is involved in steroid
      metabolism, and possible physiological roles for this activity are discussed,
      with speculation over skin as an excretory route or detoxication centre for
      steroids and the role of steriod metabolic activity in the local stimulation and
      functional control of foetal sebaceous glands.

PMID- 689911
TI  - Variations in sialomucins in the mucosa of the large intestine in malignancy: a
      quantimet and statistical analysis.
AB  - The periodate-borohydride/saponification/PAS (PB/KOH/PAS) method, for the
      identification of sialic acid derivatives, was used to investigate possible
      changes in human colonic epithelium associated with carcinogenesis. The material
      was obtained from specimens of the large intestine resected for carcinoma and
      compared with normal control mucosa from biopsies of patients with no known
      gastro-intestinal diseases, using a Quantimet Image Analyser Densitometer to
      measure these staining reactions. An ordination or segregation analysis of the
      results revealed a marked discrimination between tumours and the normal control
      mucosa, with the values for the 'transitional' mucosa and mucosa remote from the
      tumour graded in between. Paired t-tests also showed statistically significant
      differences between the various types of mucosa. The fact that changes in the
      staining densities of the sialic acid derivatives are observed in mucosa which is
      normal by conventional histological criteria raises the hypothesis that
      malignancy in the colonic epithelium is accompanied by modifications in the
      sialic acid composition of the mucus secretion. Thus the PB/KOH/PAS method may be
      of value in the early detection of cancer in colo-rectal biopsies.

PMID- 689912
TI  - The use of a heated stage for following histochemical reactions under a
      microdensitometer.

PMID- 689913
TI  - The histochemical localization of xanthine oxidase.

PMID- 689914
TI  - A gelatin embedding technique as an aid in the preparation of unfixed cryostat
      sections.

PMID- 689915
TI  - Demonstration of phosphates in calcium deposits: a modification of von Kossa's
      reaction.
AB  - It has been suggested that in von Koss'as technic silver cations replace calcium
      bound to phosphate or carbonate groups and are then reduced to black metallic
      silver during exposure to light. However, in test tube experiments silver
      phosphate retains its yellow color for days. These differences between reactions
      of pure calcium phosphates and calcium deposits in tissues were emphasized
      already by von Kossa; he regarded only the initial yellow coloration of calcium
      diagnostic for calcium phosphates and deplored the subsequent blackening caused
      by organic compounds. Von Kossa's experiments were easily reproducible. A review
      of the literature showed that reduction of silver nitrate by organic compounds
      was well known in the 19th century. For histochemical studies of phosphates it
      was deemed desirable to avoid the formation of black by-products. Sections of
      paraffin-embedded human tissues were exposed to solutions of silver nitrate in
      subdued light or darkness then treated with sodium thiosulfate. Silver phosphate
      was yellow to yellowish brown; other tissue structures remained colorless. No
      darkening was observed in sections stored for eight years. Other compounds which
      form yellow silver salts, e.g. iodides and periodates, are unlikely to occur in
      paraffin sections of human tissues.

PMID- 689916
TI  - Calcium in isolated mitochondria from the left ventricular wall.
AB  - The content of calcium per mg mitochondrial protein has been measured by
      conventional biochemical methods in myocardial tissue of some mammalian species.
      In addition, a method is presented for (1) the analysis of mitochondrial volumes
      in the same tissues and (2) calculating the amount of calcium in units of 10(6)
      mitochondria. It appears that a highly significant correlation exists between the
      calcium content and the number of mitochondria, with a positive correlation
      coefficient of 0.92. The mean mitochondrial volume in fractions of the rabbit
      myocardium was found to be 1.3386 micron3. Electron microscopic studies
      demonstrate pure mitochondrial fractions and only moderate structural
      alterations. The method described may represent a useful supplement for the
      estimation of calcium fluxes in mitochondria and of alterations in their volume,
      number and structure under conditions of myocardial ischemia.

PMID- 689917
TI  - Quantitative evaluation of the trapping reaction of copperthiocholine
      histochemical procedures for localization of cholinesterases.
AB  - The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the trapping reaction of
      the histochemical procedure for the localization of ChE of Koelle and Friedenwald
      (1949) and its modification by Brzin and Pucihar (1976) proceeds quantitatively.
      The weight of the precipitate formed in the tissue sample during the
      histochemical procedure was compared with enzyme activity of an equal sample. The
      differential magnetic microbalance was used for measurements of reduced weight
      and for previous determination of density of the precipitate. The evidence for
      the composition of the final product was drawn from the quantitative analysis of
      copper and iodine and from the infrared spectra. Tsuji's statement (1974) that
      cuprous copper thiocholine iodide is the final product of histochemical
      procedures investigated was confirmed. It was found that the trapping reaction of
      the original as well as of the modified procedure under our experimental
      conditions in tissue sections proceeds quantitatively which means that one of the
      basic conditions for reliable localization is fulfilled.

PMID- 689918
TI  - Fluorescence histochemistry of peptide hormone-producing cells: observations on
      the phenanthrenequinone method for the demonstration of arginine residues.
AB  - Phenanthrenequinone is a sensitive and specific fluorescence histochemical
      reagent for monosubstituted guanidines. It is probable that it selectively
      demonstrates the guanidino group of arginine residues of proteins and peptides.
      Phenanthrenequinone induces moderate to intense fluorescence in gastric chief
      cells, parenchymal cells of the pancreas, and certain peptide hormone-producing
      cell types such as the GH cells of the adenohypophysis and the glucagon cells of
      the pancreatic islets. Similar fluorescence spectra were obtained from an
      arginine-containing peptide in a histochemical model and from the GH cells of the
      adenohypophysis following exposure to phenanthrenequinone. We conclude that the
      cells demonstrated with this reagent store peptides or proteins rich in arginine.

PMID- 689919
TI  - Histochemical studies of mucosubstances in metaplastic epithelium of the stomach,
      with special reference to the development of intestinal metaplasia.
AB  - Processes in the development of intestinal metaplasia of the stomach were
      investigated from the morphological and histochemical approaches using light and
      electron microscopic techniques. The specimens taken from 38 gastric carcinomas
      and 15 gastric and/or duodenal ulcers were subjected to this study. Morphological
      appearances of the intestinal metaplasia observed in routine examination with
      hematoxylin and eosin staining was able to divided into complete and incomplete
      metaplasia by the light and electron microscope histochemical stainings of the
      mucosubstances. The columnar cells at the area of the incomplete metaplasia had
      both the properties of the intestinal epithelia and the gastric foveolar
      epithelia. The incomplete as well as the complete metaplasia arose from the
      generative cells at the isthmus of the gland. The generative cells, however,
      sometimes gradually transformed to produce the complete metaplastic cells. The
      two processes of the development of the intestinal metaplasia were proposed and
      discussed.

PMID- 689920
TI  - The localization of calcium by X-ray microanalysis in myopathic muscle fibers.
AB  - An electron histochemical study was undertaken to localize calcium with ammonium
      oxalate precipitation technique in soleus muscle of rat in normal cases and in
      myopathy induced experimentally by a prolonged treatment of 2,4
      dichlorophenoxyacetate (2,4-D). The calcium content of precipitates was detected
      by energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis. In normal cases, the electron dense
      precipitates containing calcium were mainly found in the vesicles of sarcoplasmic
      reticulum, whereas in 2,4-D induced myopathy the deposits were shifted near the Z
      line into the myofibrils. Calcium, because the uptake into sarcoplasmic vesicles
      was inhibited by 2,4-D, could attach to other binding sites, such as to the
      troponin-C.A long-lasting binding of calcium might lead to a prolonged activation
      of the actin-myosin system.

PMID- 689921
TI  - Acid phosphatase activity in normal and sarcolytic myotubes in muscle anlagen of
      the human hand.

PMID- 689922
TI  - Electron cytochemical demonstration of four hydrolytic enzymes in the rat corpora
      lutea at second half of gestation.
AB  - Corpora lutea from rat ovaries at mid pregnancy were fixed by perfusion and
      studied by electron cytochemistry for localisation of four hydrolytic enzymes.
      Using the metal-salt methods for acid phosphatase and aryl sulphatases activity
      was localised in small and large lysosomes, multivesicular bodies, Golgi complex
      and within cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum. The azo-dye coupling method for
      Beta-glucuronidase was less satisfactory and gave positive results in lysosomes,
      lipids and in the globules within the mitochondrial matrix. The latter two
      localisation were probably associated with affinity of the naphthol AS-BI for
      lipid material. In addition to plasma membranes, the reaction product for
      alkaline phosphatase with the lead-salt method was seen in lysosomelike bodies,
      in smooth endoplasmic reticulum and in occasional Golgi elements of granulosa
      lutein and endothelial cells. Increased activity of lysosomal acid hydrolases
      occurs when regressive changes of lutein cells start at the end of gestation and
      this might probably reflect the initiation of lytic processes.

PMID- 689923
TI  - Oxygen and the production of formazan from neotetrazolium chloride.
AB  - Electrons, generated from dehydrogenase reactions, are transferred to oxygen in
      preference to neotetrazolium chloride. In model systems in solution the presence
      of a small amount of oxygen drastically reduces the rate of formazan production.
      The rate of reaction in tissue sections has been followed using scanning and
      integrating microdensitometry. As in solution, electrons are transferred
      preferentially to oxygen. However, oxygen seems unable to diffuse through the
      incubation medium and thus the supply of oxygen at the site of the enzyme
      activity becomes exhausted; the time taken to use up the oxygen will depend on
      the rate of the enzyme activity. It is only then that electrons are passed to the
      tetrazolium salt and formazan is precipitated.

PMID- 689924
TI  - Electron probe X-ray microanalysis of human skeletal muscle involved in
      rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Electron probe X-ray microanalysis in the scanning microscope was used to
      determine the elemental composition of muscle fibres from patients with
      rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Quantitative data concerning phosphorus, sulphur,
      chlorine and potassium were correlated to the fibre type by a routine method
      based on serial cryosectioning and histochemical staining of adjacent sections.
      Significantly lowered sulphur values were found in type II A and II B muscle
      fibres of RA patients as compared to those of healthy controls. Traces of gold
      were detected in muscles of two patients treated with gold salts. The basis and
      mechanism for the decreased sulphur content in RA muscles are so far unknown, but
      may depend on the decreased amount of sulphur-rich potein(s).

PMID- 689925
TI  - Studies on the optimalisation and standardisation of the light microscopical
      succinate dehydrogenase histochemistry.
AB  - The present investigation was undertaken in order to establish an optimal tissue
      pretreatment and an optimal incubation medium for the histochemical demonstration
      of succinate dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.3.99.1). The investigations were performed on
      steroid producing (testicle, adrenal gland) and steroid dependent (Fallopian
      tube) tissues. We studied the influences fo formalin fixation, acetone, magnesium
      ions, cyanides, electron carries (phenazine methosulfate, menadione coenzyme
      Q10), osmolarity, substrate concentration and inhibitors (oxalacetate, oxalate,
      malonate, 4-chloromercuribenzoic acid). The following procedure yields blameless
      morphological integrity and enzyme localization as well as optimal SDH-activity:
      Freezing of tissue cubes (diameter less than 5 mm) in propane cooled with liquid
      nitrogen or in melting freon. Incubation of 5 micrometer cryostat sections in
      narrow jars in the following medium (38.5 ml):--10 ml of 0.2 M sodium phosphate
      buffer pH 7.6 (52 mM).--18 mg tetranitro-BT in 0.5 ml dimethylformamide and aqua
      bidest. ad 10 ml (0.5 mM).--2.6 mg KCN in 16 ml aqua bidest. (1 mM).--540 mg
      succinate (disodium salt, hexahydrate) in 2 ml aqua bidest. (52 mM).--3 mg PMS
      (phenazine methosulfate) in 0.5 ml aqua bidest. (0.25 mM). The incubation medium
      has an osmolarity of 440 mosm. The incubation is carried out for 10 min at 37
      degree C in darkness. To avoid non specific formazan deposits in lipid containing
      tissues a preincubation of the cryostat sections in 100% acetone at--22 degree C
      or--40 degree C for 7--10 min and an incubation time of 20--30 min is
      recommended. Control incubations adduced proof at the specificity of the SDH
      demonstration. Parallel incubation without PMS in order to determine indirectly
      the content of endogenous CoQ10 is further recommended.

PMID- 689926
TI  - Cytospectrophotometric study of the kinetics of histochemical reaction of GABA
      transaminase in cryostat sections of rat cerebellar cortex.
AB  - A modification of the histochemical method for demonstration of GABA-transaminase
      is proposed. Substrate and cofactor concentrations are chosen on the basis of
      kinetic investigation in cryostat sections of the rat cerebellar cortex.
      Enzymatic reactions were measured by quantitative microspectrophotometry.
      Michaelis constants for alpha-oxoglutarate in the Purkinje cell layer and
      granular layer (Km 1.7 x 10(-3) M) and white matter (Km 3.8 x 10(-3) M) are
      found. It is shown that alpha-oxoglutarate in concentrations higher than 5.2 x
      10(-3) M (1 mg/ml) suppresses the reaction in sections by competitive inhibition.
      The advisability of addition of malonate, PMS and cyanide to the incubation
      medium is confirmed. It is suggested that there are some isoenzymes of GABA
      transaminase with predominant localization either in neurons or glia.

PMID- 689927
TI  - Morphology of nuclear ribonucleoproteins in the early period of liver
      regeneration.
AB  - A cytochemical study on the nuclei of hepatocytes in the regenerating liver after
      partial hepatectomy by the method of Higgins and Anderson was carried out. The
      behaviour of the ribonucleoprotein components of the nucleus, using EDTA
      according to Bernhard, revealed altered proportions of the fibrillar and granular
      components of the nucleoli in the early phase of regeneration and morphologic
      changes in nuclear RNP, especially in perichromatin fibrils. At 6 h after
      hepatectomy, the reaction with perichromatin fibrils (FP) was intense, localized
      around fields of condensed chromatin, which suggests intense transcription of
      extranucleolar RNA. The behaviour of the remaining nuclear ribonucleoproteins was
      uncharacteristic.

PMID- 689928
TI  - A modified wire-loop method for quantitative electron microscopic
      radioautography.
AB  - A simplified method of emulsion coating and development for quantitative electron
      microscopic radioautography without any special instrument in introduced. Seven
      grids carrying ultrathin sections are attached to a glass block with double
      coated Scotch tape. They are coated with a wire-loop, 2.5 cm in diameter. Ten
      glass blocks are then stuck on a slide, exposed, developed, fixed and stained
      simultaneously. Employing this method, the emulsion coating and the following
      procedures are easily accomplished under an identical condition.

PMID- 689930
TI  - Benign fibrous mesothelioma: a report of ten cases.

PMID- 689929
TI  - Cytophotometric study of nuclear differentiation during pollen development in
      Tradescantia paludosa.
AB  - During pollen development the dry weight, total protein, histone, DNA, arginine,
      and lysine content were analysed by cytophotometric methods in partially isolated
      nuclei. The amount of analysed substances increased from the end of the meiosis
      to the mitosis of the microspores to the double of the initial values. After
      mitosis the ratio histone/DNA remained almost unchanged in both vegetative and
      generative nuclei. On the other hand a large difference in the ratio non-histone
      protein/DNA could be observed, the vegetative nucleus containing more non-histone
      protein than the generative nucleus. The rate of RNA synthesis being higher in
      the vegetative nuclei, these non-histone proteins may have some function in
      nuclear activation. The DNA of the generative nucleus is duplicated before
      anthesis, whilst in the vegetative nucleus the DNA content remains constant.

PMID- 689931
TI  - Genetic studies in schizophrenia: a critical evaluation.

PMID- 689932
TI  - Bilateral ureteral obstruction caused by pelvic lipomatosis.

PMID- 689933
TI  - Intramedullary sarcoidosis of the spinal cord: report of a case.

PMID- 689934
TI  - How long should we talk?

PMID- 689935
TI  - Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (Kawasaki disease): report of four cases.

PMID- 689936
TI  - Scintigraphic diagnosis of Meckel's diverticulum with technetium.

PMID- 689937
TI  - Intolerance to hydrocarbons in humans.

PMID- 689938
TI  - The anorectum for clues to disease.

PMID- 689939
TI  - Retinoblastoma: analysis of 235 cases.

PMID- 689940
TI  - Cancer of the urinary bladder treated by interstitial radium implant.

PMID- 689941
TI  - The effect of tumor size and host anemia on tumor cell survival after
      irradiation.

PMID- 689942
TI  - Potentiation of radiation lethality by hyperthermia in a tumor model: effects of
      sequence, degree, and duration of heating.

PMID- 689943
TI  - Effect of hyperthermia on the radiation response of the mouse jejunum.

PMID- 689944
TI  - Response of murine jejunal crypts to single doses of cyclophosphamide and
      radiation.

PMID- 689945
TI  - Immune competence and survival in patients with advanced cervical cancer:
      peripheral lymphocyte counts.

PMID- 689946
TI  - Hyperbaric oxygen after radiation and its effect on the production of radiation
      myelitis.

PMID- 689947
TI  - Biochemical basis for the selection of hormonal manipulation in the patient with
      breast carcinoma.

PMID- 689948
TI  - New role of endocrine therapy in breast cancer.

PMID- 689949
TI  - The development of microwave hyperthermia applicators.

PMID- 689950
TI  - Retinoblastoma: some considerations.

PMID- 689951
TI  - Why CRILA?

PMID- 689952
TI  - Critique of article by Drs. Wallgren and Silfversward.

PMID- 689953
TI  - Critique of article by Aristizabal et al.

PMID- 689954
TI  - Separation and purification of immunoglobulins M,A and G from small volumes of
      human sera by a continuous, inline chromatographic process.
AB  - A continuous, in-line chromatographic process for the separation of
      immunoglobulins M, A and G from small volumes of human sera is described. The
      process involves the sequential and uninterrupted application of molecular sieve,
      ion-exchange, immunoadsorbent-affinity and de-saltin-concentrating
      chromatographic methodologies. From 1-3 ml of starting serum it yields 45-55%, by
      weight, of the three classes of immunoglobulins in 36 h. Each immunoglobulin
      fraction is free of contamination by immunoglobulins of the other two classes and
      retains full biological activity as measured by a sensitive immune lysis assay.

PMID- 689955
TI  - Studies of microhigh-performance liquid chromatography. IV. Application of the
      micro pre-column method to the analysis of corticosteroids in serum.
AB  - The micro pre-column method, which is a useful method for the pre-treatment of
      samples, was applied to the analysis of corticosteroids in serum. Corticosteroids
      were concentrated in a micro pre-column packed with porous styrene-divinylbenzene
      copolymer particles and separated in a micro separation column packed with porous
      silica particles. Concentrations of corticosterone, cortisone and cortisol in the
      20-130 ppb range were determined individually by pre-treatment of only 0.2 ml of
      serum.

PMID- 689956
TI  - Quantitative high-pressure liquid chromatographic procedure for the determination
      of plasma and tissue levels of 2,4-diamino-5-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-6
      methylpyrimidine (metoprine) and its application to the measurement of brain
      capillary permeability coefficients.
AB  - A high-pressure liquid chromatographic assay for metoprine levels in aqueous
      media, serum, and tissue extracts has been developed that can measure
      concentrations of the drug in the 25-100 ng range with accuracy, reproducibility,
      and ease. The half-time for metoprine disappearance from rat plasma and capillary
      permeability coefficients for metroprine in rate brain tissue determined with
      this method are in excellent agreement with values determined for related drugs
      using labeled compounds.

PMID- 689957
TI  - Detection of estrogen-like compounds by thin-layer chromatography.
AB  - There are different national food regulations concerning the use of hormoneactive
      substances in the breeding of domestic animals that serve as human food. This
      situation requires specific and sensitive methods for the detection of any
      residues in food. The hormones used in practice can be determined with improved
      sensitivity by coupling to the diazonium compound Fast Dark Blue R Salt. After
      thin-layer chromatography on high-performance thin-layer chromatographic plates
      with two different solvent mixtures, zeranol, estradiol, estriol and estrone are
      analysed as azo dyestuffs. The detection limit of these hormones is below 10 ng.

PMID- 689958
TI  - Detection of preservatives in pharmaceutical and cosmetic products using agar gel
      electrophoresis.
AB  - A method is described using high voltage agar gel electrophoresis for the
      separation and microbiological detection of preservatives in pharmaceutical and
      cosmetic products. The positions of the preservatives were detected as zones of
      inhibition of a test organism within the nutrient agar gel and can be
      characterised by their migration, shape and presence of a halo. A wide range of
      preservatives commonly used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparations could be
      detected in low concentrations. The method however was not suitable for certain
      volatile preservatives and many primarily antifungal compounds could be detected
      above their use concentration.

PMID- 689959
TI  - Psychoanalysis and women's liberation.

PMID- 689960
TI  - The transference-countertransference system.

PMID- 689961
TI  - The choice of psychotherapeutic method.

PMID- 689962
TI  - Homosexuality: the psychosocial dimension.

PMID- 689963
TI  - Psychotherapy of the hysterical personality disorder.

PMID- 689964
TI  - Post-partum reactions in men and women.

PMID- 689965
TI  - Intimacy and the fantasy of becoming both sexes.

PMID- 689966
TI  - Sex between patient and therapist.

PMID- 689967
TI  - Cinematic neurosis: a brief case report.

PMID- 689968
TI  - Zinc phosphide poisoning in dogs.

PMID- 689969
TI  - Protein-losing enteropathy secondary to intestinal lymphangiectasia in a dog.
AB  - Protein-losing enteropathy secondary to intestinal lymphangiectasia was diagnosed
      in a 1 1/2 -year-old female Doberman Pinscher. Poor growth rate, intermittent
      diarrhea, ascites, edema, hypoproteinemia, grossly dilated intestinal lymphatics,
      and impaired fat absorption characterized the disease. There was histopathologic
      evidence of dilatation of lacteals and excessive chromium (51Cr)-labeled human
      albumin in the feces following its intravenous administration. Sixteen weeks of a
      special diet (high in carbohydrates and medium-chain triglycerides; low in long
      chain triglycerides) led to remission of clinical signs. Serum albumin increased
      over its initial value of 1.09 to 1.7 g/dl, while serum globulin increased from
      1.71 to 1.9 g/dl. Following 9 months of dietary therapy, serum albumin increased
      to 2.1 g/dl and serum globulin increased to 2.6 g/dl.

PMID- 689970
TI  - Diskospondylitis in the dog: 27 cases.
AB  - A retrospective study was undertaken to provide information about
      diskospondylitis in the dog. This disease has not been well recognized and
      documented in the veterinary literature. Diskospondylitic lesions were confirmed
      radiographically in 27 dogs (20 males and 7 females). Pain, inappetence, and
      recurring fever were the prominent signs in animals that had failed to respond to
      short-term therapy by referring clinicians. Clinical pathology did not yield
      consistently diagnostic results. Radiography, which was regarded as essential,
      revealed typical involvement of adjacent vertebral bodies, their end plates, and
      the joint space represented by their intervertebral disks. Diskospondylitis
      occurred as multiple and solitary lesions; it was also associated with
      myelopathy.

PMID- 689971
TI  - Fleabite allergic dermatitis: a review and survey of 330 cases.
AB  - Clinical signs of acute fleabite allergic dermatitis (FAD) in dogs included
      intense pruritus and erythema. Dogs with chronic FAD had diminished pruritus. The
      primary lesion of FAD was a papule. Secondary lesions (hyperkeratosis and
      hyerpigmentation) were common. Diagnosis of FAD was based on history of flea
      infestation and on type and location of lesions. Intradermal testing with
      glycerinated flea antigen was of little diagnostic value. Treatment of FAD
      included (1) breaking the flea life cycle in the indoor and kennel environment by
      vacuuming and washing bedding as well as by the use of aerosol insecticides for
      fumigation, (2) minimizing flea infestation on the dogs by using insecticidal
      dips, baths, and flea collars, and (3) hyposensitization with flea antigen.

PMID- 689972
TI  - Acute necrotizing myelopathy from nucleus pulposus embolism in dogs with
      intervertebral disk degeneration.
AB  - Two dogs that suddenly developed neurologic signs indicating a severe cervical
      spinal cord lesion were found at necropsy to have necrotizing myelopathy
      secondary to nucleus pulposus embolism. One dog had embolism of arteries and
      veins; in the other dog, veins alone were embolized. Each dog had early
      degeneration and extrusion of the C6--7 disk, from which emboli originated. In
      one dog, arterial emboli apparently entered inflammatory vasculature in the
      anulus fibrosus and were forced by extrusion back through the arterial system to
      the radicular artery and then to the cord. Venous embolism occurred secondarily
      to arterial embolism. In the other dog, venous embolism resulted from direct
      herniation of nucleus pulposus into the longitudinal venous sinus. A comparison
      of the pathogenesis of embolization in each case and a survey of other reported
      cases suggested that necrotizing myelopathy is a complication of early
      degeneration of intervertebral disks in large dogs.

PMID- 689973
TI  - Comparison of collection techniques for quantitative urine culture in dogs.
AB  - The degree of bacterial contamination of 75 urine samples collected by voluntary
      voiding, catheterization, and cystocentesis was studied in 25 clinically normal
      dogs (14 females and 11 males) to evaluate the suitability of quantitative urine
      culture for diagnosis or urinary tract infection. Significant bacteriuria
      (greater than 100,000/ml) was not observed. Insignificant bacteriuria presumably
      caused by urethrogenital contaminants was detected in 44% of the urine samples
      collected by voluntary voiding, in 20% of the samples collected by
      catheterization, and in 12% of the samples collected by cystocentesis. The urine
      was sterile in 40% of the samples collected by voluntary voiding, in 80% of the
      samples collected by catheterization, and in 84% of the samples collected by
      cystocentesis. A bacteria count suggestive of bacteriuria (10,000--100,000/ml)
      was obtained in 1 sample collected by cystocentesis but was attributed to
      inadvertent penetration of a loop of intestine. Low bacteria counts were obtained
      in 4 (16%) samples collected by voluntary voiding, presumably as a result of
      urethrogenital and integumentary bacterial contaminants. It was concluded that
      urine samples properly collected from dogs by voluntary voiding, catheterization,
      or cystocentesis are suitable for detection of significant bacteriuria.

PMID- 689974
TI  - Fasting hypoglycemia in a pup.

PMID- 689975
TI  - Features of cystic calculi in cats in a hospital population.
AB  - The case records of 131 cats undergoing surgery for cystic calculi at The Animal
      Medical Center during the period of June 1969 to January 1975 were reviewed. Data
      for 16 intact females, 63 spayed females, 14 intact males, and 38 castrated males
      were analyzed. The mean age of first occurrence was 4.9 years. Meaningful
      conclusions regarding breed predisposition could not be made. Phosphate calculi
      were the predominant (124/128 analyzed) type. Swab specimens were taken from the
      bladder wall at time of surgery in 86 cases; only 28 (32.8%) were positive for
      bacteria.

PMID- 689977
TI  - An inexpensive Salmonella control idea.

PMID- 689976
TI  - Androgen-responsive aplastic anemia in a dog.

PMID- 689978
TI  - Summary of US veterinary medical manpower needs--1978--1990.

PMID- 689979
TI  - Ammonia tolerance test in clinically normal dogs and in dogs with portosystemic
      shunts.
AB  - The oral ammonia tolerance test was investigated in 20 clinically normal dogs and
      in 6 dogs with naturally occurring portosystemic shunts. The dogs with
      portosystemic shunting had a marked rise in venous blood ammonia following the
      administration of ammonium chloride, as compared with the control dogs. Fasting
      venous blood ammonia content was not uniformly reliable in separating the dogs
      with portosystemic shunting from the clinically normal dogs.

PMID- 689980
TI  - Chronic active hepatitis in the dog.

PMID- 689982
TI  - Enteric pseudomyiasis in a dog.

PMID- 689981
TI  - Isolation of Brucella canis from a dog seronegative for brucellosis.

PMID- 689983
TI  - Cold-agglutinin hemolytic anemia and Haemobartonella canis infection in a dog.
AB  - Cold-agglutinin hemolytic anemia in a dog was manifested by weakness, progressive
      hemolytic anemia, hematuria, and hemoglobinuria. Corticosteroid therapy failed to
      alleviate the anemia. The condition became complicated by Haemobartonella canis
      infection berminally. Prominent postmortem findings included disseminated
      thrombosis and infarction, glomerulonephritis, and thickened alveolar membranes.

PMID- 689984
TI  - Contagious equine metritis: clinical description of experimentally induced
      infection.
AB  - Contagious equine metritis was reproduced experimentally in 6 pony mares. The
      disease was characterized by rapidly developing cervicitis and by varying amounts
      of exudate. The exudate, apparent as early as 48 hours after inoculation, drained
      from the cervix as a tenacious, mucopurulent discharge for several days, then
      rapidly disappeared. In all mares, the clinical disease cleared within several
      weeks of inoculation, without treatment.

PMID- 689985
TI  - The first occurrence of contagious equine metritis in the United States.

PMID- 689986
TI  - Geometric anatomy of the aortic--common iliac bifurcation.
AB  - Increased haemodynamic forces in the arterial wall may be among the factors
      responsible for atherogenesis and for determining the severity of the
      pathological process at a particular site. The present work was designed to help
      explain apparent asymmetries in the distribution of atheroma at the aorto-iliac
      bifurcation. A technique was devised for the quantitative evaluation of the
      geometric anatomy of this region. Measurements were made on 12 female and 14 male
      cadavers. In all cases there was an asymmetrical left lateral orientation of the
      abdominal aorta which resulted in a longer right common iliac artery, smaller
      left common iliac take-off angle and larger left radius of curvature at the
      aortic-common illiac bifurcation. These differences may explain, through
      variations in the local haemodynamics, the predilection of the disease for the
      left iliac artery, particularly in males with their relatively narrow pelvis.
      Knowledge of both the exact and the average numerical values associated with the
      local geometry are essential for a detailed haemodynamic study of the effect of
      these variations on atherogenesis.

PMID- 689987
TI  - The organization of neocortical projections from the ventroposterior thalamic
      complex in the marsupial brush-tailed possum, Trichosurus vulpecula: a
      horseradish peroxidase study.
AB  - Retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was used to determine the
      extent and some of the organizational details of the cortical projection of the
      ventroposterior thalamic complex (VP) in the marsupial brush-tailed possum,
      Trichosurus vulpecula. The cortical projection field of VP is coincident with SI
      as determined by electrophysiological methods, and would appear not to overlap
      fully the primary motor cortex. Thus, in Trichosurus it appears that the motor
      and somatic sensory cortical regions are not fully congruent, unlike those of the
      American opossum, Didelphis, which are. Each division of VP projects discretely,
      in a non-overlapping manner, to various regions within SI. The ventrolateral
      subdivision or VPL projects medially and in a strict homotypic manner, though the
      proportion of VPL cells projecting to cortex is subject to a large amount of
      variation. The dorsomedial division of VP or VPM projects uniformly to cortex
      from all areas of that subnucleus, but the strict homotypy characteristic of
      VPL's projection was not as apparent. VPM also projects to two distinct regions
      within its cortical field. The posteromedial division of VP or VPP projects to an
      area of cortex that receives no other VP input but, on the basis of cortical
      mapping studies, appears to belong to SI. Projections from VPL (and presumably
      from VPM) to a small area of cortex in the extreme posterolateral part of the VP
      field correspond to the position expected for, and electrophysiologically
      confirmed to be, SII.

PMID- 689988
TI  - Ultrastructure of the filiform papillae on the tongue of the hamster.
AB  - The fine structure of the filiform papillae on the hamster tongue is described
      level by level from the basal layer to the surface. We did not observe two
      distinct types of cells with different morphology or components which could be
      held responsible for the production of two different types of keratin as have
      been described in other animals, but rather a uniformity of cell structures in
      each layer and only the so-called "smooth" type of keratin. However, keratin
      granules were more abundant in the anterior part of the papilla.

PMID- 689989
TI  - Effects of blood, bile and starch in the peritoneal cavity of the rat.
AB  - The reaction of rat peritoneum to the intraperitoneal injection of rat blood,
      human bile, starch glove powder, and a suspension of starch in blood or bile was
      examined by histological section and en face microscopy of the peritoneal surface
      (Hautchen technique). Haemoperitoneum causes little destruction of the
      peritoneum, but bile produces some peritonitis with a purulent exudate and
      destruction of subperitoneal muscle. Starch granulomas form following
      intraperitoneal injection of glove powder, though 0.1 g is insufficient to
      produce adhesions. The addition of starch to blood or bile enhances the
      peritonitis and delays healing. These results indicate that bile and starch
      should not be left in the peritoneal cavity at the end of surgical procedure.

PMID- 689990
TI  - Quantitative studies on the maturation of central and peripheral parts of
      individual ventral motoneuron axons. I. Myelin sheath and axon calibre.
AB  - The entire lengths of central and peripheral myelin sheaths on the same ventral
      motoneuron axons of young rats were studied during the rapid early phase of
      myelination which occurs during the first 2 weeks after birth. Sheath thickness
      varied along central internodes at all ages, though this variation was less in
      the more mature sheaths. Usually there was a single level of maximum thickness,
      most often near the middle of the internode, but frequently close to one end.
      Some sheaths varied little in thickness along their lengths; a few were bimodal.
      The number of turns decreased on either side of the maximum as the sheath was
      traced towards the bounding nodes. Comparison of serially adjacent sheaths along
      the same axon showed no relationship between their mean thickness or patterns of
      longitudinal thickness variation. Patterns of thickness variation in peripheral
      sheaths were very similar to those found centrally. At a given age, however,
      peripheral sheaths were less variable along more than twice that of central
      internodes belonging to the same fibre. At first, the unrolled glial unit was
      oval in outline while the unrolled Schwann cell was trapezoidal. Subsequently,
      both eventually became trapezoidal. The calibre of central and peripheral
      stretches of the same ventral motoneuron axons were also compared with one
      another in young rats during the first 2 weeks after birth. At each age, the
      great majority of axons were thicker peripherally than centrally. The mean
      circumference of the peripheral segment exceeded that of the central by a factor
      which averaged 1.3 over the period studied. Circumference varied from one level
      to another along both central and perpheral stretches of the same axons. The
      degree of this variation differed considerably from one axon to another. In many
      central fibres, and in all peripheral stretches of fibres, calibre variation
      followed no particular pattern. However, the calibre of some central axon
      segments gradually increased as the fibre was traced distally towards the cord
      surface. A proportion of axons was dilated just deep to the cord surface. These
      dilatations were frequently myelinated. No association was found between patterns
      of longitudinal variation in axon calibre and in sheath thickness along the same
      fibre.

PMID- 689991
TI  - The topographical anatomy and blood supply of the carotid body region of the
      domestic fowl.
AB  - The topographical anatomy of the carotid body region was investigated on both
      sides in 30 adult domestic fowls (Gallus gallus domesticus). On each side of the
      body the two parathyroid glands always adhered to each other, the caudal gland
      being the smaller. The right cranial parathyroid usually touched the thyroid
      gland, but on the left side the two glands were nearly always separate. The
      ultimobranchial gland was usually attached to the parathyroid glands on the left
      side, but was always well separated on the right side. The carotid body, the
      identity of which was checked by light and electron microscopy, was ovoid in
      shape, whitish in colour, and about 0.8 x 0.6 x 0.5 mm in size. It was almost
      always in direct contact with the medial surface of one or both parathyroid
      glands have commonly been portrayed astopographically separate from each other.
      The oesophagotracheobronchial artery, the artery to the carotid body, and the
      caudal thyroid artery arose close together, though in variable positions, from
      the lateral aspect of the common carotid artery. The artery to the carotid body
      was always the middle of the three. The venous drainage of the carotid body was
      associated with the veins of the parathyroid and ultimobranchial glands. The
      carotid body was innervated by a filament from the distal vagal ganglion. The
      topographical observations on the carotid body region have been compared with
      those of other authors. The cranial and caudal parathyroid glands have commonly
      been portrayed as topographically separate from each other. The carotid body has
      seldom been depicted in direct contact with the parathyroid glands. The size of
      the carotid body has invariably been shown far too large. These discrepancies are
      discussed and are attributed largely to the reliance by other authors on serial
      reconstruction rather than microdissection.

PMID- 689992
TI  - The fibrous growth plate of the rat tibia: tritiated thymidine autoradiographic
      study.
AB  - Tritiated thymidine autoradiographic studies have demonstrated that the
      intermediate fibrogenic zone of the fibrous growth plate at the upper end of the
      rat tibia is a site of intense cellular proliferation, the resulting cells
      differentiating into osteoblasts which manufacture the bundle bone at the distal
      end of the growth plate.

PMID- 689993
TI  - The velocity field of growing ear cartilage.
AB  - The velocity vector field of the growing rabbit ear cartilage has been
      investigated between 12 and 299 days. Empirical curves have been computed for
      path lines and for velocities between 12 and 87 days. The tissue movement has
      been found to behave as an irrotational flow of material. Stream lines and
      velocity equipotential lines have been calculated and provide akinematic
      description of the changes during growth. The importance of a knowledge of the
      velocity vector in physical descriptions of growth and morphological
      differentiation at the tissue and cellular levels is emphasized.

PMID- 689994
TI  - Electron microscope observations on human fetal striated muscle.
AB  - The superior rectus oculi muscle from human fetuses of 5, 9.2, 12 and 24 cm crown
      -rump length (of ages estimated to be 10, 12, 15 and 23 weeks respectively) have
      been examined by electron microscopy. "Myotube satellite cells" closely
      associated with myotubes and myocytes were present in all specimens, but their
      relative numbers declined with advancing age. Some were small with scanty
      cytoplasm containing few organelles. Others were rich in organelles, including
      Golgi apparatus, granular endoplasmic reticulum, comma and dumb-bell shaped dense
      bodies and centriole or basal body: these cells were numerous in the three
      smaller specimens but almost absent from the largest. Seemingly active "myotube
      satellite cells" often extended cytoplasmic processes beyond their confining
      basal laminae into the endomysial space to contact freelying cells of similar
      appearance, as well as axon-associated Schwann cells, often to form an extensive
      network. These "myotube satellite cells" resembled Schwann cells in all respects
      save association with axons, and it is suggested that they are, indeed, Schwann
      cells so disposed as to promote axonal growth towards differentiating, but as yet
      uninnervated, myocytes. Neuromuscular contacts were increasingly numerous with
      advancing age, usually where several or many axonal terminals contacted a
      relatively mature (myofilament-rich) muscle cell. Immature myotubes seldom made
      contact with axonal terminals, even when a closely adjacent (and "coupled")
      mature muscle cell did so. A sequence of axonal growth and retraction has been
      proposed which reconciles accounts of early but temporary polyneuronal
      innervation with commonly accepted ideas regarding the scattered distribution of
      the muscle components of motor units.

PMID- 689996
TI  - Anatomical note. Spurt and shunt muscles.

PMID- 689995
TI  - Stereological analysis of the duct system of the rabbit parotid gland.
AB  - The duct system of the rabbit parotid gland constitutes about 5% of gland tissue
      volume and is divisible into intercalated and striated ducts in a volumetric
      ratio of about 3:2. The intercalated duct consists of low cuboidal epithelial
      cells (375 micrometer 2) surrounded by a myoepithlium, and the cells contain a
      few small secretion granules, particularly at the proximal end of the duct. The
      cells of the striated duct are larger (531 micrometer 3), columnal in shape, and
      show a mitochondrial compartment three times that of intercalated duct cells
      (16.5% of cell volume). These mitochondria are concentrated in a basal and
      perinuclear position, but they are largely absent from the apical cytoplasm,
      which is permeated with microfilaments and contains numerous small smooth
      membraned vesicles, but no clearly recognisable secretion granules. The lateral
      plasmalemma of these cells is complexly folded, and basal processes interdigitate
      with those of adjacent cells. This results in an increase in the ratio of apical
      to lateral/basal plasmalemma from 1:5 in intercalated cells to 1:24 in striated
      cells. Some slight changes in cell morphology were detected following
      isoprenaline-induced secretion of the gland in vivo. These included a small
      increase in the volume fraction of nuclei and mitochondria in intercalated duct
      cells, and depletion of their secretion granules. Change in striated cells was
      confirmed to a small increase in the volume of smooth membraned cytoplasmic
      vesicles. The structure of the duct and changes wrought by isoprenaline are
      discussed in the context of the role of the duct in the production of saliva.

PMID- 689997
TI  - The psychological type of the analyst and its relation to analytical practice.

PMID- 689998
TI  - The energy of warring and combining opposites: problems for the psychotic patient
      and the therapist in achieving the symbolic situation.

PMID- 689999
TI  - The structure of aminoglycoside antibiotic 66-40G produced by Micromonospora
      inyoensis.
AB  - Aminoglycoside antibiotic 66-40G is a minor component produced in the
      fermentation of Micromonospora inyoensis. Its structure has been established as
      3''-de-N-methyl-sisomicin (4) by spectroscopic means and by direct comparison
      with an authentic sample obtained from photochemical oxidative de-N-methylation
      of sisomicin (1).

PMID- 690000
TI  - Isolation of tridecaptins A, B and C (studies on antibiotics from the genus
      Bacillus. XXIII).
AB  - Three new antibiotics, tridecaptins A, B and C, were isolated from culture broths
      of strains of Bacillus polymyxa AR-110, B-2 and E-23, respectively. All are acyl
      tridecapeptides differing from each other in the fatty acid components and amino
      acid residues. They are weakly active against Gram-negative and Gram-positive
      bacteria in vitro and in vivo.

PMID- 690001
TI  - The structure of tridecaptin A (studies on antibiotics from the genus Bacillus.
      XXIV).
AB  - On examining the structure of the antibiotic tridecaptin A, the constituent amino
      acids were determined to be: 2,4-diaminobutyric acid(2D, 1L), Ser(1D, 1L),
      Glu(1L), Gly(1), Ala(1L), Val(1D, 1L), aIle(1D), Phe(1L) and Trp(1D). The
      constituent fatty acid was identified as beta-hydroxy anteisononanoic acid by gas
      chromatography and mass spectrometry. Cleavage reaction with N-bromosuccinimide,
      sequential analysis by EDMAN degradation, partial acid hydrolysis and some
      additional evidences clarified the structure of tridecaptin A.

PMID- 690002
TI  - Aminoglycoside antibiotics. XII. Effect of N-alkylation in kanamycin antibiotics.
AB  - Four N-ethyl derivatives of kanamycin A and five N-ethyl derivatives of kanamycin
      B were synthesized. The antimicrobial activity of N-ethyl kanamycin derivatives
      was determined against aminoglycoside-sensitive and resistant organisms. The
      structure-activity relationship of these compounds is discussed with reference to
      the activity of N-acyl kanamycin derivatives.

PMID- 690003
TI  - The syntheses and biological properties of 1-N-(S-4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl)
      gentamicin B and 1-N-(S-3-amino-2-hydroxypropionyl)-gentamicin B.
AB  - The syntheses of 1-N-(S-4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl)-gentamicin B and 1-N-(S-3-amino
      2-hydroxypropionyl)-gentamicin B, designated sch 20287 and Sch 21420,
      respectively, by procedures similar to those developed by KAWAGUCHI and co
      workers for the transformation of kanamycin A to amikacin are described. The in
      vitro microbiological properties of Sch 20287 and Sch 21420 are compared with
      amikacin, gentamicin and tobramycin.

PMID- 690004
TI  - Biological activity of SCH 21420, the 1-N-S-alpha-hydroxy-beta-aminopropionyl
      derivative of gentamicin B.
AB  - Sch 21420, the 1-N-HAPA derivative of gentamicin B, has been compared to
      gentamicin, tobramycin and amikacin in a variety of in vitro and in vivo tests.
      Based on studies with a large number of sensitive and resistant bacteria, it was
      shown that Sch 21420 has a spectrum and potency essentially the same as that of
      amikacin. Serum levels in mice, rats, and dogs are similar to those of other
      aminoglycosides. Sch 21420 was found to be markedly less toxic than amikacin in
      chronic renal function tests in rats and thus appears to have an advantageously
      improved therapeutic index compared to amikacin.

PMID- 690005
TI  - Metabolic fate of SCE-963, a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin, after parenteral
      administration in rats and dogs.

PMID- 690006
TI  - AA-57, a new antibiotic related to pentalenolactone.

PMID- 690007
TI  - The structure of rimocidin: mass spectrometric analysis of derivatives of the
      antibiotic.

PMID- 690008
TI  - Studies on the ionophorous antibiotics. XV The monovalent cation selective
      ionophorous activities of carriomycin, lonomycin and etheromycin.
AB  - The cations selectivity profiles of the carboxylic ionophores, carriomycin,
      lonomycin and etheromycin, have been investigated by measuring the complexation
      affinities for metal cations and the cation transport activity through an organic
      barrier. In a two-phase partition study, carriomycin and lonomycin formed
      complexes more readily with K+ than with NH4+, Rb+ or Na+, but not with Li+ or
      Cs+. On the other hand, etheromycin exhibited a great preference for K+ or NH4+
      over Na+, Li+ or Rb+, but displayed no binding affinity for Cs+. The alklaine
      degradation product of lonomycin exhibited a preference for K+ or Na+, but its
      complexation affinities were much lower than those of the parent compound.
      Carriomycin, lonomycin and etheromycin efficiently transported K+, Rb+ and Na+
      through a CCl4 barrier. But did not carry Ca2+. These antibiotics caused a
      massive release of K+, Rb+ or Na+, but not of Li+ and Cs+, from mitochondria
      previously loaded with these cations by valinomycin or monazomycin. Thus, it is
      concluded that carriomycin, lonomycin and etheromycin are monovalent cation
      selective ionophores.

PMID- 690009
TI  - In vitro activity of tiamulin (81.723 HFU), a new pleuromulin derivative, against
      clinically significant anaerobes.
AB  - The susceptibility of more than 40 strains of Gram-negative and Gram-positive
      anaerobes to tiamulin (Sandoz 81.723 hfu), a new pleuromulin (pleuromutilin)
      derivative, was determined by broth dilution and agar dilution tests. The
      influences of density of the inoculum upon MICs was studied by a specially
      designed pour plate-technique. Bacteroides fragilis, B. vulgatus, B.
      splanchnicus, B. oralis, B. asaccharolyticus, B. melaninogenicus, Fusobacterium
      fusiforme (F. nucleatum), Sphaerophorus necrophorus, Clostridium perfringens, C.
      fallax, Propionibacterium acnes and several species of Peptococcaceae showed
      broth dilution MICs of 0.03 similar to 1 microgram/ml. Members of B.
      thetaiotaomicron, B. distasonis and S. freundii (F. mortiferum) were inhibited by
      8 similar to 32 microgram/ml and 2 strains of S. varius had a broth dilution MIC
      of 256 microgram/ml. With most strains, the agar dilution MICs were 2 similar to
      4 similar to 8 times the broth dilution MICs. In pour plate-tests, the MICs were
      not considerably influenced influenced by varying initial concentrations of
      viable cells. With most anaerobes, the MBCs of tiamulin were more than 100-fold
      higher than the MICs. The results obtained indicated that, apart from S. varius,
      B. thetaiotaomicron, B. distasonis and S. freundii (F. mortiferum), members of 16
      other anaerobic species including B. fragilis were without exception sensitive to
      tiamulin.

PMID- 690010
TI  - High speed liquid chromatographic determination of cephalexin in human plasma and
      urine.
AB  - A rapid and accurate high speed liquid chromatographic method has been developed
      for the determination of cephalexin in human plasma and urine. The method
      involves micropore filtration of urine specimens and methanol extraction of
      plasma samples followed by HSLC separation on a bonded reverse phase column
      utilizing a mobile phase of methanol-water containing acetic acid. The
      quantitativity of UV response at 254 nm covered a wide range of cephalexin
      concentrations down to 0.5 microgram/ml, and no metabolite peaks were detected.
      The time courses of plasma level and urinary excretion were determined until 6
      hours after oral administration of cephalexin capsules to healthy volunteers. The
      pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using a two compartment open model.

PMID- 690011
TI  - Preparation of radioisotopically labeled tuberactinomycin, [beta-[14C]ureido
      dehydroalanine5]-tuberactinomycin o.

PMID- 690012
TI  - The structure of esterastin, an inhibitor of esterase.

PMID- 690013
TI  - Possible involvement of plasmids in biosynthesis of neomycin.

PMID- 690014
TI  - Effect of pre-natal runting on the post-natal development of skeletal muscles in
      swine and rats.

PMID- 690015
TI  - Methods for measuring physical condition and energy expenditure in horses.

PMID- 690016
TI  - Diabetogenic effects of pregnancy in sows on plasma glucose and insulin release.

PMID- 690017
TI  - Attachment and trophoblastic outgrowth of swine blastocysts in vitro.

PMID- 690018
TI  - Secretion of steroids after induced luteal regression in beef heifers: effects of
      PGF2 alpha and removal of corpora lutea.

PMID- 690020
TI  - Comparative physiology of the hindgut and its nutritional significance.

PMID- 690019
TI  - Episodic patterns of prolactin and thyrotropin secretion in rams and wethers:
      influence of testosterone and diethylstilberstrol.

PMID- 690021
TI  - Surgical considerations in skin and soft-tissue infections and osteomyelitis
      treated with cefoxitin sodium.

PMID- 690022
TI  - Cefoxitin sodium in the treatment of respiratory infections.

PMID- 690023
TI  - A clinical evaluation of cefoxitin sodium on an orthopaedic service.

PMID- 690024
TI  - Intravenous cefoxitin sodium for the treatment of infections in obstetric and
      gynaecological patients.

PMID- 690025
TI  - Susceptibility of anaerobes to cefoxitin sodium and cephalothin.

PMID- 690026
TI  - In vitro evaluation of cefoxitin sodium: clinical implications.

PMID- 690028
TI  - Amantadine--what next?

PMID- 690027
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of cefoxitin sodium in normal subjects and in uraemic patients.

PMID- 690029
TI  - Prevention of infection in leukaemia.

PMID- 690030
TI  - Antibiotic policy in Czechoslovakia.

PMID- 690031
TI  - Apramycin, a new aminocyclitol antibiotic. I. In vitro microbiological studies.

PMID- 690032
TI  - Activity of ten antimicrobial agents against anaerobic bacteria.

PMID- 690033
TI  - Disposition studies with amikacin after rapid intravenous and intramuscular
      administration to human volunteers.

PMID- 690034
TI  - A human pharmacology study of cefaclor.

PMID- 690035
TI  - Interstitial diffusion and accumulation of cephalothin according to various modes
      of intermittent administration to rabbits.

PMID- 690036
TI  - Methenamine hippurate in urinary tract infections in children: prophylaxis,
      treatment and side effects.

PMID- 690037
TI  - Trial of ribavirin for the treatment of HBsAg positive chronic liver disease.

PMID- 690038
TI  - Susceptibility of Aspergillus to 5-fluorocytosine and amphotericin B alone and in
      combination.

PMID- 690039
TI  - Streptococcal endocarditis: a penicillin alone or a penicillin with an
      aminoglycoside.

PMID- 690040
TI  - Lincomycin and clindamycin resistant Bacteroides species.

PMID- 690041
TI  - Prolonged serum elimination half-life of amoxycillin in the elderly.

PMID- 690042
TI  - Multi-resistant strains of Salmonella wien and Salmonella heidelberg susceptible
      to cephradine.

PMID- 690043
TI  - Antibiotic prophylaxis for open-heart surgery.

PMID- 690044
TI  - Antimicrobial therapy in experimental intra-abdominal sepsis.

PMID- 690045
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of cinoxacin in patients with renal failure.

PMID- 690046
TI  - The antibacterial activity of oleandomycin and erythromycin--a comparative
      investigation using microcalorimetry and MIC determination.

PMID- 690047
TI  - A pharmacological study of UK-18,892 and amikacin.

PMID- 690048
TI  - Aminoglycoside and cephalosporin toxicity.

PMID- 690049
TI  - Osmotic effects in sensitivity tests using beta-lactam antibiotics.

PMID- 690050
TI  - Aminoglycoside 6'-N acetyltransferase production by an isolate of Pseudomonas
      maltophilia.

PMID- 690051
TI  - Efficacy of adenine arabinoside (Ara-A) and cytarabine (Ara-C) in the treatment
      herpes encephalitis in animal model.

PMID- 690052
TI  - Concentrations of oleandomycin in serum and lung tissue.

PMID- 690053
TI  - Comparative in vitro activity of 5-episissomicin and five other aminoglycosides.

PMID- 690054
TI  - Sensitivity of Rothia dentocariosa.

PMID- 690055
TI  - Indications for antibiotic prophylaxis and treatment in patients undergoing
      appendicectomy.

PMID- 690056
TI  - Metronidazole prophylaxis and primary wound closure in appendicectomy.

PMID- 690057
TI  - Metronidazole in obstetrics and gynaecology.

PMID- 690058
TI  - The bacteriology and chemotherapy of otogenic cerebral abscesses.

PMID- 690059
TI  - Bacteraemia.

PMID- 690060
TI  - Statistical analysis of serum metronidazole levels in patients receiving the drug
      mainly by suppository.

PMID- 690061
TI  - An experimental comparison of the psychological stress evaluator and the galvanic
      skin response in detection of deception.

PMID- 690062
TI  - Loud speech, conglomerate noise, and behavioral aftereffects.

PMID- 690063
TI  - A simultaneous comparison of three methods for language training with an autistic
      child: an experimental single case analysis.
AB  - In a single-case, simultaneous-treatment design, three methods for experimental
      language acquisition in one autistic child were compared using a Latin square
      design and trend-line analysis. Results showed a total communication approach to
      be significantly superior to sign-based and verbalization approaches. The
      verbalization treatment resulted in decreased performance. Results indicate that
      use of a cross-modality inhibitory process to explain the alleged superiority of
      the sign-based approach is questionable. Variation among autistic children
      indicates a need for further research and for caution against premature
      acceptance of a given treatment approach or theoretical explanation.

PMID- 690064
TI  - Sensorimotor functioning and communication in mute autistic children.
AB  - There were two purposes underlying this study: to describe the sensorimotor
      functioning of mute autistic children and to relate their sensorimotor
      performance to nonverbal communication. Twelve mute children, diagnosed autistic,
      ranging from 4 years 9 months to 12 years of age, were administered four scales
      of sensorimotor development from the Uzgiris and Hunt (1975) series: object
      permanence, gestural imitation, means for obtaining environmental events, and
      causality. Subjects performed most poorly on the imitation scale with 9 of 12
      performing below Piaget's fifth sensorimotor stage. In contrast, performance was
      highest on the object permanence scale: No child scored below Stage V. Regarding
      the subjects' non-scales and Stage III on the imitation scale appeared to form
      minimal prerequisites for intentional communication in a variety of situations.
      Finally, none of the subjects, even those with relatively complete sensorimotor
      development, spontaneously used what Bates (1976) has called "protodeclarative"
      gestures to point out or show objects to adults. The absence of protodeclarative
      gestures may represent a qualitatively distinct pattern of prelinguistic
      development in certain autistic children.

PMID- 690065
TI  - Behavior, language, and development in three-year-old children.
AB  - An epidemiological study of 3-year-old children showed there to be a marked
      association between behavior problems and language delay. Behavior problems were
      present in 14% of a random sample of 705 children, whereas 59% of 22 children
      with language delay had such problems. Data obtained from a battery of
      developmental tests were analyzed to examine the differences between children
      with behavior problems, matched controls, and children with language delay. It
      was found that children with behavior problems scored significantly lower on
      these tests, particularly those concerned with language. There were no
      significant differences in test scores between children with language delay only
      and those with combined behavior problems and language delay.

PMID- 690066
TI  - Handedness in autistics, retardates, and normals of a wide age range.
AB  - Tests of handedness were carried out with 34 autistic children aged from 4 years
      10 months to 18 years 11 months, and with sex-, age-, and IQ-matched retardates
      and sex- and age-matched normals. There were no significant differences between
      the groups on frequency of handedness, degree of righthand usage, or degree of
      dominant-hand usage. There was however a significant increase in the variance of
      dominant-hand usage from normals and retardates to autistics. These results were
      taken to indicate that earlier reports of handedness differences in young
      autistic children may reflect a developmental lag rather than a specific etiology
      of autism. Some support for this hypothesis was found from a comparison of age
      trends between the groups. The relationship of such a developmental delay to the
      etiology of autism was discussed.

PMID- 690067
TI  - Disruptive behavior: a dietary approach.
AB  - The effect of particular foods on levels of hyperactivity, uncontrolled laughter,
      and disruptive behaviors was studied in an 8-year-old autistic boy. The floor of
      the child's room was taped off into six equal-sized rectangles to measure general
      activity level. Frequency data were recorded on screaming, biting, scratching,
      and object throwing. A time-sample technique was used to record data on laughing.
      Data were gathered during four phases. During an initial 4-day period the child
      was fed a normal American diet. A 6-day fasting period followed, during which
      time only spring water was allowed. The third phase lasted 18 days and involved
      the presentation of individual foods. During the final phase of the study the
      child was given only foods that had not provoked a reaction in the third phase.
      Results showed that foods such as wheat, corn, tomatoes, sugar, mushrooms, and
      dairy products were instrumental in producing behavioral disorders with this
      child.

PMID- 690068
TI  - Cerebral asymmetry and the development of early infantile autism.
AB  - Two experiments involving listening preferences of autistic and normal subjects
      were conducted to test the hypothesis that the right cerebral hemisphere is more
      active than the left hemisphere in autistic children. Results showed that when
      given a choice between verbal and musical material, the autistic children
      preferred music, while normal children showed no preference. Secondly, autistic
      children listened to both types of material predominantly with the left ear.
      Although normal subjects showed greater variation among themselves, they tended
      to listen to music more often with the left ear and to listen to verbal material
      more often with the right. These results support the notion that some autistic
      children are predominantly right-hemisphere processors.

PMID- 690069
TI  - Using self-stimulation as reinforcement for autistic children.
AB  - This experiment examined the effects of using self-stimulatory behavior as
      reinforcement for spontaneous appropriate sentences in two autistic children. The
      children were put on a token system and always received one token for every
      spontaneous appropriate sentence they made. An ABABA design was employed. In
      condition A, the opportunity to self-stimulate was contingent on the payment of
      tokens (two tokens for 2 minutes of self-stimulation). In condition B, no tokens
      were required for self-stimulation. The results showed that both subjects
      exhibited a much higher rate of spontaneous appropriate sentences during the
      contingent self-stimulation (A) condition, demonstrating that self-stimulation
      functioned as an effective reinforcement. The possibility of using self
      stimulation as reinforcement in the treatment of autistic children is discussed.

PMID- 690070
TI  - Caulobacter flagellar organelle: synthesis, compartmentation, and assembly.
AB  - In Caulobacter crescentus biogenesis of the flagellar organelle occurs during one
      stage of its complex life cycle. Thus in synchronous cultures it is possible to
      assay the sequential synthesis and assembly of the flagellum and hook in vivo
      with a combination of biochemical and radioimmunological techniques. The
      periodicity of synthesis and the subcellular compartmentation of the basal hook
      and filament subunits were determined by radioimmune assay procedures.
      Unassembled 27,000-dalton (27K) flagellin was preferentially located in isolated
      membrane fractions, whereas the 25K flagellin was distributed between the
      membrane and cytoplasm. The synthesis of hook began before that of flagellin,
      although appreciable overlap of the two processes occurred. Initiation of
      filament assembly coincided with the association of newly synthesized hook and
      flagellin subunits. Caulobacter flagella are unusual in that they contain two
      different flagellin subunits. Data are presented which suggest that the ratio of
      the two flagellin subunits changes along the length of the filament. Only the
      newly synthesized 25K flagellin subunit is detected in filaments assembled during
      the swarmer cell stage. By monitoring the appearance of flagellar hooks in the
      culture medium, the time at which flagella are released was determined.

PMID- 690072
TI  - Selection for nonbuoyant morphological mutants of Caulobacter crescentus.
AB  - Morphological mutants of Caulobacter crescentus were isolated by selecting for
      cells that did not possess normal, buoyancy-conferring stalks. The most prevalent
      phenotype enriched by the selection was structurally deficient stalks (designated
      "Cds"), observable as crumpled or flattened stalks. The second phenotype ("Abs")
      was observed as spontaneous shedding of normal-appearing stalks. Third, one
      mutant ("Ecs") was isolated that sheds not only stalks, but also miniature
      stalked and nonstalked cells.

PMID- 690071
TI  - Membrane phospholipid composition of Caulobacter crescentus.
AB  - The phospholipid composition of Caulobacter crescentus CB13 and CB15 was
      determined. The acidic phospholipids, phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin,
      comprise approximately 87% of the total phospholipids. Neither
      phosphatidylethanolamine nor its precursor phosphatidylserine was detected. The
      outer and inner membranes of C. crescentus CB13 were separated, and phospholipid
      analysis revealed heterogeneity with respect to the relative amounts of
      phosphatidylglycerol and cardiolipin in the two membranes. As has been shown to
      be the case for other bacterial membranes, the concentration of cardiolipin
      increases and phosphatidylglycerol decreases as cell cultures enter stationary
      phase.

PMID- 690073
TI  - Effect of growth temperature on membrane fatty acid composition and
      susceptibility to cold shock of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.
AB  - We investigated the fatty acid composition of the membrane of Bacillus
      amyloliquefaciens grown at different temperatures. A decrease in growth
      temperature was accompanied by an increase in the ratio of branched- to straight
      chain fatty acids and a marked increase in the level of unsaturation of branched
      chain fatty acids. When cells of this organism grown at 30 degrees C were cold
      shocked, viability and ability to secrete extracellular protease were lost.
      Growth of this organism at lower temperatures or addition of Tween 80 to cells
      caused the critical temperature zone for cold shocking to be lowered
      significantly. These results suggest a direct correlation between membrane
      fluidity and the susceptibility to cold shock.

PMID- 690074
TI  - Stimulation of tetrapyrrole formation in Rhizobium japonicum by restricted
      aeration.
AB  - Cultures of Rhizobium japonicum were grown with vigorous aeration to stationary
      phase and were then incubated under restricted aeration for several days. Under
      these "microaerobic" conditions, cellular heme content increased 10-fold, and
      visible amounts of porphyrins were released into the culture medium. The two
      predominant porphyrins produced were identified, on the basis of their
      spectrophotometric and chromatographic properties, as protoporphyrin and
      coproporphyrin. The cytochrome complement of microaerobic cells partially
      resembled that of the symbiotic bacteria in that cytochromes alpha-alpha3 were
      absent and a CO-binding cytochrome 552 was present. During the period of
      restricted aeration, at the time that the heme content was increasing, there was
      a similar 10-fold increase in the activities of the first two enzymes of heme
      biosynthesis, delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase and delta-aminolevulinic acid
      dehydrase. However, during the same period, the activity of succinyl thiokinase
      (an enzyme that is required in large amounts whether or not heme is being
      produced) increased only twofold. These results suggest that reduced oxygen
      tension may play a role in inducing heme synthesis necessary for leghemoglobin
      formation and bacterial differentiation in soybean root nodules.

PMID- 690075
TI  - Ligninolytic enzyme system of Phanaerochaete chrysosporium: synthesized in the
      absence of lignin in response to nitrogen starvation.
AB  - The relationship between growth, nutrient nitrogen assimilation, and the
      appearance of ligninolytic activity was examined in stationary batch cultures of
      the wood-destroying hymenomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium Burds. grown under
      conditions optimized for lignin metabolism. A reproducible sequence of events
      followed inoculation: 0 to 24 h, germination, linear growth, and depletion of
      nutrient nitrogen; 24 to 48 h, cessation of linear growth and derepression of
      ammonium permease activity (demonstrating nitrogen starvation); 72 to 96 h,
      appearance of ligninolytic activity (synthetic 14C-lignin leads to 14CO2).
      Experiments with cycloheximide demonstrated that appearance of ligninolytic
      activity occurs irrespective of the presence of lignin; lignin did not induce
      additional activity. Addition of NH4+ to cultures immediately prior to the time
      of appearance of the ligninolytic system delayed its appearance, suggesting that
      the NH4+ led to interference with synthesis of the enzyme system. Addition of
      NH4+ to ligninolytic cultures resulted in an eventual, temporary decrease in
      ligninolytic activity. The results suggest that all or essential protein
      components of the ligninolytic enzyme system are synthesized as part of a series
      of physiological ("secondary metabolic") events that are initiated by nutrient
      nitrogen starvation.

PMID- 690076
TI  - Isolation and characterization of the pesticide-degrading plasmid pJP1 from
      Alcaligenes paradoxus.
AB  - A strain of Alcaligenes paradoxus, unable to degrade phenoxyacetic acid, was
      shown to degrade two synthetic derivatives of this molecule, the herbicides 2,4
      dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid. The ability
      to degrade these pesticides is encoded by a 58-megadalton conjugal plasmid, pJP1.

PMID- 690077
TI  - Newly discovered polyamine, 2-hydroxyspermidine, in Pseudomonas acidovorans.
AB  - A previously unknown hydroxylated polyamine has been recovered from Pseudomonas
      acidovorans 29. It has been identified as 2-hydroxyspermidine, N4-(3-aminopropyl)
      1,4-diaminobutane-2-ol, by its chromatographic behavior, electrophoretic
      mobility, and reaction with metaperiodate. It can be synthesized enzymatically
      from 2-hydroxyputrescine by cell-free preparations from Escherichia coli or P.
      acidovorans 29 which contain propylamine transferase. It is interesting to note
      that the naturally occurring compound is the 2-hydroxyspermidine and not the 3
      hydroxyspermidine, N1-(3-aminopropyl)-1,4-diaminobutane-2-ol, indicating that the
      propylamine transferase reacts preferentially with the amine distal to the
      hydroxyl group. A mixture of 2- and 3-hydroxyspermidines and hydroxyspermine was
      synthesized by reacting acrylonitrile with 2-hydroxyspermidine and catalytic
      reduction of the products with hydrogen. N-(gamma-aminopropyl)-beta-alanine, used
      to help identify the hydroxyspermidines, was synthesized from N-(3-aminopropyl)-3
      aminopropanenitrile by hydrolysis with 10% NaOH.

PMID- 690078
TI  - Mycoplasma growth factors in bovine serum fraction.
AB  - Mycoplasma growth factors in bovine serum fraction were separated by Sephadex
      G150 column chromatography and density ultracentrifugation. The major growth
      factor of bovine serum fraction eluted from the Sephadex column in the void
      volume. Its growth-supporting activity was greatly enhanced by the presence of
      bovine serum albumin in the mycoplasma culture media. Other investigators had
      previously identified the major growth factor in serum as an alpha-lipoprotein.
      Although density ultracentrifugation revealed the presence of traces of a high
      density lipoprotein in bovine serum fraction, another, less dense component,
      isolated by ultracentrifugation (component 3) and containing cholesterol,
      cholesteryl esters, free fatty acids, triglycerides, and protein, but no
      lipoprotein, exhibited considerably more growth-supporting activity than did the
      high-density lipoprotein, thus indicating that at least two mycoplasma species do
      not require intact serum lipoprotein for growth. Both the high-density
      lipoprotein and component 3 exhibited maximum activity only in the presence of
      bovine serum albumin. A chloroform extract containing component 3 lipids combined
      with bovine serum albumin to form an effective, partially defined, less complex
      substitute for serum in mycoplasma culture media.

PMID- 690079
TI  - Evidence for a functional glyoxylate cycle in the leishmaniae.
AB  - Isocitrate lyase (EC 4.1.3.1) and malate synthase (EC 4.1.3.2), the two enzymes
      characteristic of the glyoxylate cycle, were demonstrated in promastigotes of
      five species of Leishmania (L. brasiliensis, L. donovani, L. mexicana, L.
      tarentolae, and L. tropica). Both enzymes were present in cells grown in a medium
      containing 10 mM glucose. Substitution of glucose with 20 mM acetate did not
      enhance enzyme levels. Acetate was readily taken up and metabolized by the cells.
      The distribution of label from acetate into various intermediary metabolites
      indicates a functional glyoxylate cycle and its role in
      gluconeogenesis/glyconeogenesis. The glyoxylate cycle in conjunction with alanine
      glyoxylate aminotransferase and glyoxylate-aspartate aminotransferase could also
      be important in providing glyoxylate, the precursor for glycine biosynthesis.

PMID- 690080
TI  - Inhibition of peptidoglycan biosynthesis at a postcytoplasmic reaction in a
      stable L-phase variant of Streptococcus faecium.
AB  - Cultures of a stable L-phase variant of Streptococcus faecium F24 produced and
      retained peptidoglycan precursors intracellularly over the entire growth cycle in
      a chemically defined medium. The identity of the most abundant precursor, UDP N
      acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-glutamyl-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine (UDP-MurNAc
      pentapeptide), was confirmed by demonstrating in vitro the presence of enzymes
      required for the cytoplasmic stage of peptidoglycan biosynthesis. The initial
      membrane-bound reaction in peptidoglycan biosynthesis involving phospho-MurNAc
      pentapeptide translocase and undecaprenyl-phosphate membrane carrier was
      catalyzed by protoplast membrane preparations but not by L-phase membrane
      preparations. However, both protoplast and L-phase membranes incorporated
      radioactivity from dTDP-L-[14C]rhamnose, the presumed precursor to a non
      peptidoglycan cell surface component, into high-molecular-weight material. dTDP-L
      rhamnose did not accumulate in growing cultures but was synthesized from D
      glucose-1-phosphate and dTTP by cell-free extracts of the streptococcus and L
      phase variant. Neither rhamnose- nor muramic acid-containing compounds were
      detected in culture fluids. It is suggested that continued inhibition of cell
      wall biosynthesis in this stable L-phase variant is the result of a defect
      expressed at the membrane stage of peptidoglycan biosynthesis specifically
      involving the translocation step.

PMID- 690081
TI  - Oxygen and nitrate in utilization by Bacillus licheniformis of the arginase and
      arginine deiminase routes of arginine catabolism and other factors affecting
      their syntheses.
AB  - Bacillus licheniformis has two pathways of arginine catabolism. In well-aerated
      cultures, the arginase route is present, and levels of catabolic ornithine
      carbamoyltransferase were low. An arginase pathway-deficient mutant, BL196,
      failed to grow on arginine as a nitrogen source under these conditions. In
      anaerobiosis, the wild type contained very low levels of arginase and ornithine
      transaminase. BL196 grew normally on glucose plus arginine in anaerobiosis and,
      like the wild type, had appreciable levels of catabolic transferase. Nitrate,
      like oxygen, repressed ornithine carbamoyltransferase and stimulated arginase
      synthesis. In aerobic cultures, arginase was repressed by glutamine in the
      presence of glucose, but not when the carbon-energy source was poor. In anaerobic
      cultures, ammonia repressed catabolic ornithine carbamoyltransferase, but
      glutamate and glutamine stimulated its synthesis. A second mutant, derived from
      BL196, retained the low arginase and ornithine transaminase levels of BL196 but
      produced high levels of deiminase pathway enzymes in the presence of oxygen.

PMID- 690083
TI  - Gentlemen's agreements and the National Residency Matching Program.

PMID- 690082
TI  - Amine dehydrogenase of Pseudomonas putida: properties of the heme-prosthetic
      group.
AB  - There was approximately five times more hemoprotein (amine dehydrogenase) in
      crude extracts obtained from Pseudomonas putida grown on benzylamine than present
      in extracts from succinate-grown cells. The difference (reduced minus oxidized)
      spectrum of the purified enzyme possessed alpha,beta, and gamma bands at 550,
      523, and 416 nm, respectively. The difference spectrum of the pyridine hemochrome
      derivative had absorption maxima at 416, 520, and 550 nm. These results, together
      with the fact that the heme group was covalently bound to the enzyme, indicated
      that the amine dehydrogenase from P. putida was a hemoprotein which contained
      heme c. The heme content was calculated at 2.01 mol/mol of enzyme. The enzyme was
      composed of two nonidentical subunits, but heme was present solely in the heavier
      unit. Carbon monoxide did not inhibit enzymatic activity, nor would it combine
      with the reduced or oxidized form of the enzyme. Amine dehydrogenase activity was
      inhibited by carbonyl agents with semicarbazide and cuprizone acting
      noncompetitively, whereas KCN and isoniazid inhibited by competitive and
      uncompetitive mechanisms, respectively. Spectral observations suggested that
      inhibition by these reagents was not due to an interaction with the heme moiety.

PMID- 690084
TI  - A study of the effect of computer feedback on polypharmacy.
AB  - Between July 1973 and February 1976, clinicians in the DMH Institutions of a
      midwestern state received regular, computer generated information about those of
      their patients who had been prescribed more than 4 psychotropic drugs during the
      preceding month. The effect of this feedback on prescribing habits was assessed,
      using information derived from monthly itemized billing record returns. The
      results showed that, while a highly significant reduction in polypharmacy did
      take place, it antedated the circulation of the specific feedback, coinciding
      instead with the discussions between the computer project staff and institution
      superintendents at the planning stage of the project.

PMID- 690085
TI  - Restless legs, anxiety and caffeinism.
AB  - This clinical study of 62 patients with restless legs syndrome and associated
      anxious-depressed and other clinical states seems to indicate that caffeine is
      the major etiological factor in the causation of the restless legs syndrome.
      Anxiety, while modifying the subjective experience of the dysphoric sensation of
      restless legs, is not a causative factor. Caffeine is responsible for the
      increased nervous system arousal as well as for the direct peripheral contractile
      effect on the striated muscle. This arousal is often reflected psychologically in
      anxiety and sometimes depressive manifestations, insomnia, heightened
      proprioceptive awareness and physiologically in the toxic sensory experience of
      restless legs associated with increased neuromuscular reactivity which may
      include myoclonus and myokomia.

PMID- 690086
TI  - The hypertensive psychiatric patient: pharmacologic problems.
AB  - Psychiatric symptoms secondary to antihypertensive drugs and adverse drug
      interactions between antihypertensive and psychotropic drugs are described.
      Recommendations are made concerning the drug therapy of the hypertensive
      psychiatric patient.

PMID- 690087
TI  - Bleuler, Schneider and schizophrenia.
AB  - Three important elements in Bleuler's work are described and criticized: the
      fundamental-accessory dichotomy, the primary-secondary dichotomy, and question of
      diagnosis. The major influences on Schneider's thinking are outlined and his
      general approach to psychopathology, criteria for the diagnosis of schizophrenia,
      and approach to clinical evaluation are described. The work of Mayer-Gross and
      Langfeldt, whose diagnostic formulations integrate the thinking of Bleuler and
      Schneider is briefly described. Finally, the contributions of these 4 authors are
      compared and contrasted, and their respective impact on the current study of
      schizophrenia is assessed.

PMID- 690088
TI  - Lithium and hypothyroidism.
AB  - There is general agreement that hypothyroidism is a possible consequence of
      lithium treatment but there is little agreement as to what the incidence of
      lithium related hypothyroidism is, or what clinical and laboratory tests could
      best be used to evaluate thyroid function. This study involved a survey of 70
      clinicians, a chart review of 2,590 patients and a review of the pathophysiology
      of lithium-induced hypothyroidism. The major finding of this investigation is
      that lithium related thyroid dysfunction is not a common problem. Goiter during
      lithium therapy is 0.3%, clinical hypothyroidism is 1-2%, and TSH is the most
      specific laboratory test for evaluating thyroid function.

PMID- 690089
TI  - Screening for cognitive impairment among inpatients.
AB  - Screening hospital patients for cognitive impairment is often required for
      effective treatment planning. Awareness of cognitive deficit is particularly
      important in working with patients who have drinking problems because of the
      relationship between alcohol consumption and cognitive impairment. Trail-Making
      Test is examined as an economic, quick, and accurate indicator of cognitive
      impairment in non-neurological sample of patients in a Veterans Administration
      Hospital. Results show that performance discriminates between normal and
      deficient cognitive function as assessed by established IQ and neuropsychological
      tests--the Wechsler Bellevue Intelligence Scale and the Halstead Reitan Battery.
      Nonsignificant correlations with personality variables suggest discriminant
      validity for the Trail-Making Test as an indicator of cognitive impairment.

PMID- 690090
TI  - Sex and values.
AB  - Concerned professionals in the United States warn that sexuality is in danger of
      being dehumanized by a new frankness in the mass media as well as in sex therapy.
      However, with sensitivity and common sense responsible physicians realize that
      sexuality and moral values are inextricably interwoven for self as for patients,
      mandating that excellence of care take this fact into careful account. Sexual
      ignorance is neither innocence nor bliss. Physicians of all disciplines may make
      significant contributions by providing understanding leadership and sane sex
      education to patients as well as to communities in search of information and
      direction.

PMID- 690091
TI  - Jaundice and eosinophilia associated with amitriptyline.
AB  - Eosinophilia and jaundice occured in a depressed patient treated with
      amitriptyline, an association which is previously unreported. These complications
      cleared with withdrawal of the drug. This clinical picture should be added to the
      known hepatic complications of amitriptyline.

PMID- 690092
TI  - Caffeine and schizophrenia.
AB  - Two cases are described in which markedly increased consumption of caffeine led
      to an exacerbation of a schizophrenic process. The original description of this
      phenomenon and the clinical and basic science literature regarding the
      psychotropic effects of caffeine are reviewed. The cases are discussed in light
      of the clinical and research implications.

PMID- 690093
TI  - Studies on soybean trypsin inhibitors. IV. Change of the inhibitory activity of
      Bowman-Birk inhibitor upon replacements of the alpha-chymotrypsin reactive site
      serine residue by other amino acids.

PMID- 690094
TI  - Preparation of concanavalin A consisting solely of intact subunits.

PMID- 690095
TI  - Cadmium toxicity and liver mitochondria. I. Different effects of cadmium
      administered in vivo to adult, young, and ethionine-fed rats.
AB  - The changes in liver mitochondrial respiratory activities and cytochrome
      concentrations were investigated when cadmium chloride was administered orally to
      adult, young, and ethionine-fed rats. Following a seven-day administration of 30
      ppm cadmium in drinking water, adult rats showed no change, while young rats and
      ethionine-fed rats exhibited a marked increase in mitochondrial respiration with
      concomitant decrease of respiratory control index and P/O ratio. The
      concentrations of cytochromes aa3, b, and c + c1 in liver mitochondria were
      unchanged in adult rats, but increased significantly in ethionine-fed rats. In
      young rats receiving cadmium the liver mitochondrial protein increased with a
      slight change in the cytochrome concentration in mitochondria. It was further
      found that in adult rats a higher concentration (300 ppm) of cadmium in drinking
      water was toxic to the liver mitochondrial functions. Thus, the effect of oral
      administration of cadmium on the liver mitochondrial function depends on the
      condition of the animals.

PMID- 690096
TI  - Cadmium toxicity and liver mitochondria. II. Protective effect of hepatic soluble
      fraction against cadmium-induced mitochondrial dysfunction.

PMID- 690097
TI  - Tissue-specific distribution of non-histone proteins in nuclei of various tissues
      of rats and its change with growth of rhodamine sarcoma.

PMID- 690098
TI  - An immunochemical study of the changes in chicken liver xanthine dehydrogenase
      activity during dietary adaptation.

PMID- 690099
TI  - Increase in the susceptibility of hemoglobin to proteases upon treatment with p
      mercuribenzoate.
AB  - Native human oxyhemoglobin, which has a rigid conformation resistant to proteases
      such as trypsin and subtilisin, could be hydrolyzed by these proteases at pH 7.0
      after treatment with p-chloromercuribenzoate. The digestion curve of hemoglobin
      as a function of concentration of the mercurial was essentially parallel to the
      titration curve of hemoglobin with the mercurial, indicating that a relationship
      exists between susceptibility to proteases and modification of thiol groups of
      the protein. On the other hand, when myoglobin was used as a substrate, the
      degree of proteolysis did not increase after treatment with the mercurial.
      Circular dichroism measurements and gel-filtration experiments showed that the
      observed increase in susceptibility of hemoglobin to proteases was not due to a
      conformational change involving unfolding of alpha-helical structure, but was due
      to the dissociation of the tetrameric hemoglobin molecule into dimer and monomer
      after treatment with the mercurial.

PMID- 690100
TI  - The terminal bases of ribonucleic acid from Caulobacter RNA phage phiCp2.
AB  - The terminal bases of the viral ribonucleic acid from the Caulobacter ribonucleic
      acid phage phiCp2 were examined. The viral ribonucleic acid contained guanosine
      triphosphate (pppG) at the 5'-terminus and adenosine (AOH) at the 3'-terminus.

PMID- 690101
TI  - Is there a third type of filament in striated muscles?
AB  - Using glycerinated rabbit psoas myofibrils we demonstrate by electron microscopy
      that there is a filamentous material which remains after extraction of the
      fibrils with a modified Hasselbach-Schneider solution (containing 1.0 M KCl)
      followed by extraction with 0.6 M KI. The fibrils were visualized by conventional
      negative staining techniques using either 2% ammonium molybdate or 1% uranyl
      acetate. The appearance of the extracted fibrils together with their solubility
      properties strongly suggests that the extraction-resistant filamentous material
      is composed of connectin, an elastic protein recently characterized from muscle
      tissues.

PMID- 690102
TI  - Fine structure of connectin nets in cardiac myofibrils.
AB  - A net-like structure extending through Z lines of myofibrils in frog cardiac
      muscle was clearly demonstrated under an electron microscope after the removal of
      myosin and actin. The diameter of the very thin filaments forming the nets was
      approximately 2 nm; this width was thinner than that of the actin filament. The
      net structure is ascribed to connectin, an elastic protein of muscle.

PMID- 690103
TI  - Calorimetric studies of heat of respiration of mitochondria.

PMID- 690104
TI  - Selective cleavage of peptide bonds by a serine protease from the muscle layer of
      rat small intestine.

PMID- 690105
TI  - Effects of various anions, glutamate and GTP on microtubule assembly in vitro.

PMID- 690106
TI  - Prehospital burn care for emergency medical technicians.
AB  - The development, objectives, content, and evaluation of a unique, 60-minute
      synchronized slide/tape program on prehospital burn care for Emergency Medical
      Technicians is described. A design for valid content-referenced formative
      evaluation is presented.

PMID- 690107
TI  - Conception and construction of a teaching simulator (umbilical vessel
      catheterization).
AB  - Difficult medical procedures, such as umbilical vessel catheterization, are more
      easily and safely taught with a simulator than with the actual patient. The need,
      conception, design, and construction of such a simulator is presented in the hope
      that others may recognize its value and be encouraged to design their own
      teaching simulators for their particular needs.

PMID- 690109
TI  - A gallery tour with Gottfried W. 'Goddy' Goldenberg.

PMID- 690108
TI  - 'Communication in American medical centers' revisited.
AB  - ... The university medical centers are the principal foci of research and
      education; so are they also the proper foci for medical communication. Each
      school complex can and will organize departments of medical communication which
      will bring together the many proficiencies and equipment complexes of modern
      communication technology. Thus, medical research, education, care,
      administration, and information may all be served with the speed, facility, and
      precision which the times demand.

PMID- 690110
TI  - Biomedical communications units and their parent organizations: a survey.
AB  - A survey of the 89 biomedical communications units in U.S. institutions offering
      baccalaureate or higher level programs in the health sciences shows 32 units
      assigned to the headquarters of academic health centers, 39 assigned to
      constituent schools within centers, and 18 assigned to single schools not in
      centers. Sixty-five of the units are perceived to have a high level of importance
      by their parent organizations. Approximately 50% of the parent organizations
      authorize some physical decentralization of unit activities. Instructional
      development support is provided by 81% of the parent organizations, and
      biomedical communications units are delegated this responsibility twice as
      frequently as are other units within these organizations.

PMID- 690111
TI  - Magnesium but not calcium accumulation is inhibited by beta-adrenergic
      stimulation in S49 lymphoma cells.
AB  - The uptake of 28Mg and 45Ca was measured in S49 lymphoma cells. The beta
      adrenergic agonist (-)-isoproterenol markedly inhibited the rate of 28Mg
      accumulation but had no effect on 45Ca accumulation. The effect of (-)
      isoproterenol was blocked by (-)-propranolol. In variants of the S49 cell line
      deficient in adenylate cyclase activity (cyc-) or in hormone receptor-adenylate
      cyclase coupling (unc), (-)-isoproterenol had no effect on 28Mg accumulation. The
      S49 lymphoma cells also possess prostaglandin E1 receptors coupled to adenylate
      cyclase, and, like (-)-isoproterenol, prostaglandin E1 decreased the rate of 28Mg
      uptake. Experiments with the mouse erythroleukemia cell line GM86 also showed a
      beta-adrenergic-mediated decrease in the rate of accumulation of 28Mg. Previous
      work has shown that Mg2+ increases the affinity of agonists for the beta
      adrenergic receptor (Bird, S.J., and Maguire, M.E. (1978) J. Biol. Chem. 253, in
      press). In view of these effects of Mg2+, it is suggested that Mg2+, but not
      Ca2+, may regulate the sensitivity of S49 cell adenylate cyclase to stimulation
      by catecholamines.

PMID- 690112
TI  - Demonstration of a delay time during aggregation of diluted solutions of
      deoxyhemoglobin S and hemoglobin CHarlem in concentrated phosphate buffer.
AB  - Diluted solutions (less than 100 mg/dl) of deoxygenated sickle hemoglobin (Hb S)
      and Hb CHarlem were found to aggregate with a clear demonstration of a delay time
      when dissolved in concentrated phosphate buffer. The delay time could be
      shortened by increasing the concentration of either hemoglobin or phosphate. Upon
      cooling or bubbling with carbon monoxide, the aggregates melted quickly. The
      logarithmic plot of reciprocal delay time versus hemoglobin or phosphate
      concentration shows a linear line with a slope of 2.7 for hemoglobin and 44 for
      phosphate. This suggests that diluted solutions of Hb S aggregate by the
      nucleation mechanism which is similar to that reported in the gelation of
      concentrated Hb S solution.

PMID- 690113
TI  - A new affinity label for guanosine nucleotide sites in proteins.
AB  - A new guanosine analogue has been synthesized, 5'-p-fluorosulfonylbenzoyl
      guanosine, which has an electrophilic moiety capable of reacting covalently with
      several classes of amino acid side chains found in proteins. This compound reacts
      with bovine liver glutamate dehydrogenase to desensitize it irreversibly to
      inhibition by GTP, without affecting its intrinsic catalytic activity. The
      specific addition of GTP or GTP and TPNH to the reaction mixture prevents the
      loss of sensitivity to GTP inhibition. The corporation of approximately 1 mol of
      5'-p-sulfonylbenzoyl guanosine/enzyme subunit is associated with the decreased
      responsiveness of the enzyme to regulation by GTP. It is proposed that 5'-p
      fluorosulfonylbenzoyl guanosine may be reacting within the allosteric GTP site of
      glutamate dehydrogenase and that this compound may have general applicability in
      the affinity labeling of regulatory and catalytic sites of proteins which
      normally bind guanosine nucleotides.

PMID- 690114
TI  - Identification of a wheat germ ribosome dissociation factor distinct from
      initiation factor eIF-3.
AB  - A ribosome dissociation factor(s) has been partially purified from extracts of
      wheat germ. This factor can be detected by its ability to prevent the
      reassociation of ribosomal subunits when the magnesium concentration is raised
      from 1 mM to 5 mN. The majority of the dissociation factor activity is found in
      the postribosomal supernatant of the cell and can be precipitated between 0 and
      40% ammonium sulfate. Chromatography of this material on DEAE-cellulose yields a
      fraction which contains both the dissociation factor activity and initiation
      factor eLF-3. However, the majority of the dissociation factor activity can be
      readily separated from eIF-3 by chromatography on phosphocellulose. The
      dissociation factor appears to be distinct from any of the othe known wheat germ
      initiation factors.

PMID- 690115
TI  - Mechanism of phosphatidylinostiol stimulation of lysosomal bis
      (monoacylglyceryl)phosphate synthesis.
AB  - A soluble enzyme preparation obtained from rat liver lysosomes catalyzed the
      conversion of phosphatidyl-[1',3'-14C]glyceryol to
      [14C]bis(monoacylglyceryl)phosphate. When this preparation was delipidated with n
      butyl alcohol, very low activity was observed when incubated with
      phosphatidyl[1',3'-14C]glycerol alone. The activity could be restored by
      incubating with aqueous dispersions of lysosomal phospholipids; lysosomal neutral
      lipid and glycolipid fractions were inactive. When the pospholipid fraction was
      separated into individual classes, activity was found only in
      phosphatidylinositol. With a more extensively delipidated soluble enzyme
      preparation from lysosomes, bis-(monoacylglyceryl)P synthesis without added lipid
      was 0.05 nmol mg-1 h-1 versus 5.9 nmol-1 h-1 at the optimal phosphatidylinositol
      concentation. The mechanism of this marked stimulation of bis(monoacylglyceryl)P
      synthesis by phosphatidylinostiol was examined. Evidence is presented which
      demonstrates the incorporation of 3H-labeled fatty acids from
      [3H]phosphatidylinositol into bis(monoacylglyceryl)P. Phosphatidylinositol
      stimulates the reaction by serving as an acyl donor to phosphatidylglycerol or
      lysophosphatidylglycerol, the substrates for bis(monoacylglyceryl)Psynthesis.

PMID- 690116
TI  - Glucagon stimulation of rat hepatic phenylalanine hydroxylase through
      phosphorylation in vivo.
AB  - Phenylalanine hydroxylase activities in extracts of livers from rats pretreated
      with glucagon are higher than in controls. This time-dependent activation is seen
      when the hydroxylase is assayed in the presence of tetrahydrobiopterin, but not
      in the presence of 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyltetrahydropterin. A maximum 4
      fold stimulation of hydroxylase activity was correlated with a conversion of the
      multiple forms of the enzyme to a single form. This form is characterized by an
      increased extent of phosphorylation compared to the unactivated enzyme.
      Incorporation of radioactive inorganic phosphate into phenylalanine hydroxylase
      following administration of glucagon was determined after specific
      immunoprecipitation of the enzyme from partially purified preparations. Sodium
      dodecyl sulfate disc gel electrophoresis showed that stimulation of enzyme
      activity is accompanied by incorporation of 32Pi into the protein to the extent
      of 0.7 mol/mol of hydroxylase subunit. These results demonstrate the
      phosphorylation of hepatic phenylalanine hydroxylase in vivo and strongly support
      the idea that the activity of this enzyme can be hormonally regulated through a
      phosphorylation mechanism.

PMID- 690117
TI  - Reconstitution of carbamylcholine-dependent sodium ion flux and desensitization
      of the acetylcholine receptor from Torpedo californica.
AB  - Membranes rich in acetylcholine receptor were isolated from Torpedo californica
      by a modification of the procedure of Sobel et al. (Sobel, A., Weber, M., and
      Changeux, J.-P. (1977) Eur. J. Biochem. 80, 215-224). The receptor was extracted
      with 2% potassium cholate in the presence of 2.5% soybean phospholipids. After
      reconstitution by the cholate dialysis procedure, the vesicles exhibited a rapid,
      carbamylcholine-dependent uptake of 22Na+, which was inhibited by alpha
      bungarotoxin and several other known inhibitors. At concentrations above 5 x 10(
      5) M carbamylcholine, the fast phase of Na+ influx lasted less than 10 sec. At 5
      x 10(-6)M, it lasted 30 sec but was only about 50% of the maximal total uptake
      observed at optimal agonist concentration. The phenomenon of desensitization was
      exhibited by the reconstituted vesicles. When 2 x 10(-4)M carbamylcholine was
      added, 15 sec before 22Na+, the rapid Na+ influx phase was no longer observed.

PMID- 690118
TI  - Solubilization of the O2(-)-forming activity responsible for the respiratory
      burst in human neutrophils.
AB  - On exposure to suitable activating agents, neutrophils sharply alter their oxygen
      metabolism, showing large increases in oxygen uptake, O2 and H2O2 production, and
      glucose consumption via the hexose monophosphate shunt. These metabolic
      alterations, which together are designated the "respiratory burst," are due to
      the activation of a system which catalyzes the reaction: 2O2 + NADPH leads to
      2O2(-) + NADP. This O2(-)-forming system is found in a particulate fraction
      isolated from neutrophils which had been activated with opsonized zymosan. When
      these particles were treated with detergent under suitable conditions, the O2(-)
      forming activity was released in a form which passed through a membrane filter
      capable of retaining species of Mr greater than 3000,000. Soluble O2(-)-forming
      activity was obtained from normal activated neutrophils, but not from normal
      resting neutrophils or from activated neutrophils obtained from patients with
      chronic granulomatous disease, an inherited condition in which the respiratory
      burst is defective. O2(-)production by the soluble system required a reduced
      pyridine nucleotide as electron donor, and showed a quadratic dependence on the
      concentration of the solubilized preparation.

PMID- 690119
TI  - Cooperative functioning between antifreeze glycoproteins.
AB  - Antifreeze glycoproteins from polar fish bloods are a mixture of closely related
      components which differ structurally by size and by the presence of proline in
      the smaller components. Although the smaller components containing proline exist
      in higher amounts than do the larger ones, their presence puzzled investigators
      because they had very weak antifreeze activity. A very important function for
      these smaller components has now been found. These smaller antifreeze
      glycoproteins (10 to 25 mg/ml) have now been tested as mixtures with the larger
      active antifreeze glycoproteins (2 to 4 mg/ml) and a very large (2- to 8-fold)
      potentiation of antifreeze activity has been observed. There appears to be a
      cooperative functioning between the larger and smaller components.

PMID- 690120
TI  - Purification and characterization of tetrahydrofolate.protein complex in bovine
      liver.
AB  - Gel filtration of bovine liver extract on a Sephadex G-200 column resolved three
      macromolecular fractions with dihydropteridine reductase-dependent cytochrome c
      reducing activity. One of the active fractions was purified from the extract
      through the steps of solvent fractionation, chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex, and
      gel filtration. Biochemical and microbiological analyses showed that the purified
      complex consists of a Mr = 70,000 protein and tetrahydropteroyldiglutamate. In
      contrast to the extreme lability of free tetrahydropteridines the complex was
      quite stable against autooxidation under aerobic conditions.

PMID- 690121
TI  - The collagenous component of lens basement membrane. The isolation and
      characterization of an alpha chain size collagenous peptide and its relationship
      to newly synthesized lens components.

PMID- 690122
TI  - A proteoglycan form of heparin and its degradation to single-chain molecules.

PMID- 690123
TI  - omega-Oxidation of prostaglandins by lung and liver microsomes. Changes in enzyme
      activity induced by pregnancy, pseudopregnancy, and progesterone treatment.

PMID- 690124
TI  - Photosynthetic pigments of green sulfur bacteria. The esterifying alcohols of
      bacteriochlorophylls c from Chlorobium limicola.
AB  - Bacteriochlorophyll c, the light-harvesting pigment from the green sulfur
      bacteria Chlorobium limicola, has been resolved into over a dozen chemically
      similar components by a new high pressure reversed-phase chromatographic
      procedure based on a stationary phase of polyethylene power. Detailed
      spectroscopic characterization of the resolved components has resulted in the
      identification of four different chlorins and six different esterifying alcohols.
      The major esterifying alcohol is trans, trans-farnesol, but smaller amounts of
      geranylgeraniol, tetrahydrogeranylgeraniol, phytol, cis-9-hexadecen-1-ol and 4
      undecyl-2-furanmethanol are also observed. The high information content intrinsic
      in the compositional analyses of the complex pigment mixtures found in green
      sulfur bacteria appears to provide a new probe of the mechanisms of pigment
      biosynthesis in these organisms.

PMID- 690125
TI  - The binding of metal ions to bovine factor IX.
AB  - The binding isotherms of Ca2+ and Mn2+ to bovine factor IX have been determined
      at pH 6.5 and pH 7.4, at 25 degrees C. At pH 7.4, at least 2 strong Ca2+ sites,
      with an average KDISS of 0.1 +/- 0.02 mM, are found. An additional 10 to 11
      weaker Ca2+ binding sites, with an average KDISS of 1.3 +/- 0.2 mM are noted, at
      high levels of Ca2+. At pH 6.5, again at least 2 strong Ca2+ sites on factor IX
      are evident, with an average KDISS of 0.11 +/- 0.02 mM; but slightly fewer (7 to
      8) weaker sites, with an average KDISS of 1.9 +/- 0.3 mM, are obtained.
      Qualitatively, the binding of Mn2+ to bovine factor IX appears similar to that of
      Ca2+. At pH 6.5, approximately 2 strong Mn2+ binding sites, with an average KDISS
      of 13 +/- 1.5 micrometer, and an additional 5 to 6 weak sites, with an average
      KDISS of 160 +/- 15 micrometer, are present. Manganese does not completely
      displace Ca2+; and Ca2+ does not completely displace Mn2+ from their respective
      binding sites. On the other hand, Tb3+ and Sm3+ readily displace Ca2+, at pH 6.5,
      from its sites on factor IX. The rate and extent of activation of bovine factor
      IX, by bovine factor XIa, is dependent on the Ca2+ concentration, up to
      concentrations of Ca2+ which saturate its effect on the system. Substitution of
      Sr2+ for Ca2+ leads to approximately 50% of the maximum rate of factor IXa
      formation, and final yield of factor IXa, in this activation system. Manganese
      does not substitute for Ca2+ in this activation, but does inhibit the stimulatory
      effect of Ca2+. Both Tb3+ and Sm3+ are effective inhibitors of Ca2+ in factor IX
      activation by factor XIa.

PMID- 690126
TI  - Levels of rat glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase messenger RNA.

PMID- 690127
TI  - Effects of adrenalectomy on the amino acid and glucose metabolism of perfused rat
      hindlimbs.

PMID- 690128
TI  - The biosynthesis of phosphophoryns and dentin collagen in the continuously
      erupting rat incisor.

PMID- 690129
TI  - Demonstration of diphtheria toxin receptors on surface membranes from both toxin
      sensitive and toxin-resistant species.
AB  - A detailed binding study of 125I-labeled diphtheria toxin to isolated cell
      surface membrane-enriched fractions is reported. The study was undertaken to
      determine if toxin-resistant species exhibit a defet in either the binding step
      or the transport step of the intoxication process. Surface membrane fractions
      were obtained from liver and mammary glands of toxin-sensitive species, rabbit
      and giunea pig, and toxin-resistant species, rat mouse. All membrane fractions
      exhibited reversible binding of 125I-toxin which was competitively inhibited by
      unlabeled toxin. Toxin receptors from liver co-purified with plasma membranes and
      the plasma membrane marker 5'-nucleotidase. One-half saturation of all receptors
      occurred between 5 x 10(-8) and 1.8 x 10(-7) M. Scatchard plots were nonlinear
      and concave upwards. Total receptor sites ranged from 3.4 to 16 pmol/mg of
      membrane protein, tissue differences being more pronounced than difference
      between sensitive and nonsensitive species. Over 95% of the toxin specific
      binding was inhibited by removal of divalent cation from the medium or by the
      inclusion of 1 mM ATP, procedures which have been shown to protect sensitive
      cells from intoxication by diphtheria toxin. We conclude that the rat and mouse
      have surface membrane receptors for diphtheria toxin and that the toxin
      insensitivity of these species results from a defect in or a lack of the
      transport process.

PMID- 690130
TI  - Effect of diet on adenylosuccinase activity in various organs of rat and chicken.
AB  - Adenylosuccinase activity of rat liver is depressed by prolonged starvation,
      cortisol administration, high protein diets, and alloxan diabetes. The loss of
      activity is not due to the accumulation of a dissociable inhibitor or loss of a
      cofactor. Starvation produces no loss in activity for 1 day; thereafter the
      activities of the liver and spleen enzyme decay with a half-life of about 0.9
      day. Starvation produces no change in the activity of the kidney, brain, and
      skeletal muscle enzyme. Refeeding restores the activity of the liver enzyme to
      the fed level, with only a slight overshoot. The recovery of adenylosuccinase
      activity is equally rapid after refeeding a balanced diet, or corn oil, or
      glucose, and is not inhibited by injection of glucagon, in contrast to malic
      enzyme activity. Recovery is inhibited by cycloheximide, indicating the
      involvement of protein synthesis. Althouth adenylosuccinase is depressed in liver
      of starving rat it is elevated in liver of starving chicken. Starvation depresses
      malic enzyme activity and elevates alanine aminotransferase activity in both
      species. When rats are starved, the rate of de novo synthesis of adenine
      mononucleotide decreases in spleen and liver but not in kidney, suggesting a
      regulatory role for adenylosuccinase in purine biosynthesis. The low activity of
      adenylosuccinase in liver of severely starved rats is inconsistent with the
      proposal (Moss, K. M., and McGivan, J.D. (1975) Biochem. J. 150, 275-283) that
      the purine nucleotide cycle plays a major role in ammonia production for urea
      synthesis, at least under these conditions.

PMID- 690131
TI  - Chemical modification studies of a protein at the peptidyltransferase site of the
      Bacillus stearothermophilus ribosome. The 50 S ribosomal subunit is a highly
      integrated functional unit.

PMID- 690132
TI  - Properties of the factor Xa binding site on human platelets.
AB  - The affinity (Ka) of human coagulation Factor Xa for thrombin-treated (to
      stimulate the release reaction) platelets has been determined to be 3 to 4 x
      10(10) M-1 by equilibrium binding studies using 125I-labeled Xa. The binding of
      Factor Xa to platelets results in an increase of 300,000-fold in the apparent
      enzymatic activity of Xa in the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin. The
      activity of platelet surface Xa is approximately 15-fold greater than that
      observed with optimum concentrations of bovine Factor V and phospholipids in
      place of platelets. Ca2+ is required for the Xa-platelet interaction; the optimum
      concentration is 2.5 mM. Related coagulation factors, including Factor X, Factor
      IXa, diisopropylphosphoryl Factor Xa, and prothrombin do not complete with Factor
      Xa for the Xa binding sites. The rate of thrombim formation at saturating amounts
      of Xa is directly proportional to the number of platelets from 1 x 10(7) to 5 x
      10(8) platelets/ml. Factor Xa bound to platelets is not inactivated by
      antithrombin III. An antibody that inhibits both human and bovine coagulation
      Factor V activity blocks both Xa binding to released platelets and the rapid
      thrombin formation associated with this binding, suggesting that Factor V from
      platelets is involved in the Xa-platelet interaction.

PMID- 690133
TI  - The monosaccharide transport system of the human erythrocyte. Solubilization and
      characterization on the basis of cytochalasin B binding.

PMID- 690134
TI  - Primary structural analysis of the polypeptide portion of human C5a
      anaphylatoxin. Polypeptide sequence determination and assignment of the
      oligosaccharide attachment site in C5a.
AB  - The C5a molecule is one of two spasmogenic fragments (i.e. C3a and C5a) released
      from serum components C3 and C5 during complement activation. These fragments are
      called anaphylatoxins because their ability to stimulate mast cell histamine
      release, smooth muscle contraction, and increased vascular permeability may lead
      to a fatal reaction resembling anaphylactic shock in experimental animals. In
      addition, the C5a molecule, which is a glycoprotein, is perhaps the most potent
      of all humoral chemoattractants for polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Most of the
      structural analyses in this study were performed on the desArg 74 form of human
      C5a (C5adesArg). C5adesArg represents a natural form of C5a that is recovered
      from activated serum when no inhibitors are added to block the action of serum
      carboxypeptidase. The complete primary structure of the human C5a polypeptide
      portion is reported here. A partial characterization of intact human C5a has been
      previously reported (Fernandez, H. N., and Hugli, T. E. (1976) J. Immunol. 117,
      1688--1694). The polypeptide portion of C5a contains 74 amino acids, accounting
      for a molecular weight of 8,200 while the carbohydrate portion accounts for
      approximately 3,000. The carbohydrate portion of C5a exists as a single complex
      oligosaccharide unit attached to an asparagine at position 64. An unusual feature
      of the C5a molecule is its large content of half-cystine, which accounts for more
      than 9% of its total residues. Two repeating Cys sequences occur in the linear
      structure and 6 of the 7 half-cystines in C5a are located at nearly identical
      positions to those in the human C3a molecule. In fact, sequence similarities
      between C3a and C5a indicate their common genetic ancestry. The role of C5a and
      C5adesArg as chemotactic factors prompted comparisons of their structural
      features with those of the chemotactically active formyl-Met peptides (Schiffman
      E., Corcoran, B. A., and Wahl, S. M. (1975) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 72,
      1059--1062). Removal of the COOH-terminal arginyl residue from C5a reduces
      chemotactic activity; therefore, the terminal portion of this molecule appears to
      play an active role in stimulating leukocyte migration. Hence the COOH-terminal
      sequence of C5a was examined for structural similarities to that of the formyl
      Met peptides. Since methionine assumes a special functional importance in the
      formyl-Met peptides, attention is focused on the single methionyl residue in C5a.
      This methionyl residue, located near the COOH terminus of the molecule, may play
      an active role in the functional expression of C5a as a chemotactic factor.
      Although human and pig C3a show a close structural and functional relationship to
      C5a they lack the ability to excite leukotaxis, and this difference may correlate
      with the absence of a methionyl residue near the COOH terminus of C3a.

PMID- 690135
TI  - Transmembrane disposition of the 55,000-dalton concanavalin A receptor protein of
      thymocyte plasma membranes.

PMID- 690136
TI  - Purification and structural elucidation of several carbohydrate side chains from
      alpha1-acid glycoprotein.

PMID- 690137
TI  - The binding of cyanide and carbon monoxide to cytochrome o purified from
      Vitreoscilla. Evidence for subunit interaction in the reduced protein.

PMID- 690138
TI  - Purification and some properties of asparagine, lysine, serine, and valine:tRNA
      ligases from Bacillus stearothermophilus.

PMID- 690139
TI  - Light-dependent phosphorylation of rhodopsin. Purification and properties of
      rhodopsin kinase.

PMID- 690140
TI  - Effects of deciliation of tubulin messenger RNA activity in sea urchin embryos.

PMID- 690141
TI  - Covalent interaction of L-2-amino-4-oxo-5-chloropentanoic acid with rat renal
      phosphate-dependent glutaminase. Evidence for a specific glutamate binding site
      and of subunit heterogeneity.
AB  - Rat renal phosphate-dependent glutaminase is rapidly inactivated by incubating
      with L-2-amino-4-oxo-5-chloropentanoic scid. Concentrations of phosphate, which
      increase the glutaminase activity, decrease the rate of inactivation by
      chloroketone. In addition, inactivation is not blocked by glutamine. Instead,
      glutamate was shown to specifically reduce the rate of chloroketone inactivation.
      Upon sodium lauryl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the purified
      glutaminase preparation exhibits at least five protein staining bands which range
      in molecular weight from 57,000 to 75,000. Studies with 14C-labeled chloroketone
      indicate that this reagent reacts with each of these peptides. The mean
      stoichiometry of binding was calculated to be 1.3 mol/mol of enzyme. Therefore,
      these results indicate that the glutaminase may contain a specific site for
      binding glutamate and that the purified enzyme consists of a series of related
      peptides which may have resulted from partial proteolysis.

PMID- 690142
TI  - Identification of mRNAs encoding the alpha and beta subunits of human
      choriogonadotropin.

PMID- 690144
TI  - Photographic detection of electric field corona.

PMID- 690143
TI  - Infrared color photography for the examination of lichens used in pollution
      damage experiments.

PMID- 690145
TI  - Controlling perspective distortion in 35 mm architectural photography.

PMID- 690146
TI  - Clearing and drying Polaroid 55 P/N film in conjunction with scanning electron
      micrography.

PMID- 690147
TI  - Electronics and automation: do you need them?

PMID- 690149
TI  - Photography of the retinal nerve-fiber layer--a technique using red-free light.

PMID- 690148
TI  - Quality reproduction of large electroencephalograms.

PMID- 690150
TI  - Relations between torsion properties and histology of adult human compact bone.

PMID- 690151
TI  - Passive mechanical properties of uterine muscle (myometrium) tested in vitro.

PMID- 690152
TI  - Dependence of human ankle compliance on joint angle.

PMID- 690153
TI  - Fluid mechanical experiments relevant to coughing.

PMID- 690154
TI  - Stability of the cervical spine under tension.

PMID- 690155
TI  - Anisotropic analysis of strain rosette information from cortical bone.

PMID- 690156
TI  - Volume compressibility of human abdominal skin.

PMID- 690157
TI  - Abstracts of the 1st annual meeting of the American Society of Biomechanics.

PMID- 690158
TI  - Sex differences, personality and study difficulty in university students.

PMID- 690159
TI  - An extension of the waiting time distribution of first conceptions.

PMID- 690160
TI  - Parental predetermination of the sex of offspring: II. The attitudes of young
      married couples with high school and with college education.

PMID- 690161
TI  - Human interaction as a type of variable.

PMID- 690162
TI  - Social mobility and IQ components.

PMID- 690163
TI  - Sexual behaviour and contraceptive practice of undergraduates at Oxford
      University.

PMID- 690164
TI  - Poisoned people: internal pollution.

PMID- 690165
TI  - Poisoned people: psychotropic drugs in pregnancy: morphological and psychological
      adverse effects on offspring.

PMID- 690166
TI  - Poisoned people: behavioural toxicity--the psychology of pollution.

PMID- 690167
TI  - Neurofilament protein is phosphorylated in the squid giant axon.
AB  - We have observed the phosphorylation of neurofilament protein from squid
      axoplasm. Phosphorylation is demonstrated by 32P labeling of protein during
      incubation of axoplasm with [gamma-32P]ATP. When the labeled proteins are
      separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), two bands, at 2.0
      x 10(5) daltons and greater than 4 x 10(5) daltons, contain the bulk of the 32P.
      The 2.0 x 10(5)-dalton phosphorylated polypeptide comigrates on SDS-PAGE with one
      of the subunits of squid neurofilament protein. Both major phosphorylated
      polypeptides co-fractionate with neurofilaments in discontinuous sucrose gradient
      centrifugation and on gel filtration chromatography on Sepharose 4B. The protein
      phosphate bond behaves like a phospho-ester, and labeled phospho-serine is
      identified in an acid hydrolysate of the protein. The generality of this
      phenomenon in various species and its possible physiological significance are
      discussed.

PMID- 690168
TI  - Integrated stereological and biochemical studies on hepatocytic membranes. III.
      Relative surface of endoplasmic reticulum membranes in microsomal fractions
      estimated on freeze-fracture preparations.
AB  - New methods are required for identifying membranes in subcellular fractions with
      respect to their origin, if such preparations are to be evaluated
      morphometrically. One method is freeze-fracturing which reveals intramembrane
      particles whose size, pattern, and numerical density differ for various membrane
      types. The question is examined whether the differences in numerical particle
      density per square micrometer of membrane (alpha) can be used to differentiate
      membrane vesicles found in microsomal fractions from liver cells with respect to
      their origin in the hepatocytes. It is found that the range of alpha for the
      protoplasmic face (PF) of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane (1,900 less than
      alpha less than 3,250) is intermediate between those for plasma and mitochondrial
      membranes. Since PF(ER) should appear in the outer leaflet of microsomal
      vesicles, alpha was estimated on concave profiles of freeze-fracture
      preparations; the numerical frequency distribution of vesicles with respect to
      alpha was trimodal, with a major peak around 2,900/micrometer2 and 66% of the
      vesicles in the range determined for PF(ER). Using a new stereological method, it
      was calculated that 63% of the membrane surface in these microsomal fractions was
      of ER origin by this criterion. On the same preparations, an attempt was made to
      label the ER-derived membranes cytochemically for glucose-6-phosphatase. A line
      intersection count revealed 62% of the membrane surface to be of ER origin on the
      basis of marker enzyme labeling. These findings indicate a smaller part of ER
      membranes in microsomal fractions than would be predicted from biochemical data
      (77%). The possible reasons for such discrepancies are discussed; shifts in
      particle densities due to the preparation procedure could lead to an
      underestimate by freeze-fracturing, whereas the prediction from biochemical data
      could be overestimates if marker enzymes were not homogeneously distributed.

PMID- 690169
TI  - Stereological analysis of hepatic fine structure in the Fischer 344 rat.
      Influence of sublobular location and animal age.
AB  - Stereological analysis of hepatic fine structure in Fischer 344 male rats at 1,
      6, 10, 16, 20, 25, and 30 mo of age revealed differences in the amounts and
      distributions of hepatocellular organelles as a function of sublobular location
      or animal age. Between 1 and 16 mo of age, both the centrolobular and periportal
      hepatocytes increased in volume by 65 and 35%, respectively. Subsequently, the
      cell volumes declined until the hepatocytes of 30-mo-old rats approached the size
      of those found in the youngest animals. Regardless of animal age, the
      centrolobular cells were consistently larger than the corresponding periportal
      hepatocytes. The cytoplasmic and ground substance compartments reflected similar
      changes in their volumes, although there was no significant alteration in the
      nuclear volume. The volumes of the mitochondrial and microbody compartments
      increased and decreased concomitant with the changes in average hepatocyte size.
      Both lobular zones in the 30-mo-old rats contained significantly smaller relative
      volumes of mitochondria than similar parenchyma in 16-mo-old animals. The volume
      density of the dense bodies (lysosomes) increased markedly in both lobular zones
      between 1 and 30 mo of age, confirming reports of an age-dependent increase in
      this organelle. The surface area of the endoplasmic reticulum in the
      centrolobular and periportal hepatocytes reached its maximum level in the 10-mo
      old rats and subsequently declined to amounts which approximated those measured
      in the 1-mo-old animals. This age-related loss of intracellular membrane is
      attributable to a significant reduction in the surface area of the smooth
      surfaced endoplasmic reticulum (SER) in animals beyond 16 mo of age. The amount
      of rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum (RER) in the periportal parenchymal cells
      was unaffected by aging, but the centrolobular hepatocytes of 30-mo-old animals
      contained 90% more RER than similar cells in the youngest rats. The centrolobular
      parenchyma contained more SER and the portal zones more RER throughout the age
      span studied. These quantitative data suggest that (a) certain hepatic fine
      structural parameters undergo marked changes as a function of animal age, (b)
      there exists a gradient in hepatocellular fine structure across the entire liver
      lobule, and (c) there are remarkable similarities in hepatocyte ultrastructure
      between very young and senescent animals, including cell size and the amount of
      SER.

PMID- 690170
TI  - Formation of gap junctions by treatment in vitro with potassium conductance
      blockers.
AB  - Gap junctions were regularly seen in thin sections of canine tracheal smooth
      muscle incubated in vitro. Their number was increased in tissued exposed in vitro
      to either of two potassium conductance blockers, tetraethylammonium (TEA) and 4
      aminopyridine (4-AP), and at the same time the muscles became mechanically
      active, with spontaneous contractions. The presence of gap junctions in this
      smooth muscle may provide one basis for cell-to-cell coupling, and their increase
      after TEA- and 4-AP-treatment could account for a decreased junctional resistance
      between cells, contributing to a longer space constant. However, an increase in
      gap junctions was not sufficient to change the behavior of trachealis smooth
      muscle from multiunit to single-unit type. Gap junctions in increased numbers
      persisted after washout of 4-AP, which caused inhibition of spontaneous
      contractions, and despite inhibition of the contractile effects of 4-AP by
      atropine. The rapid induction of gap junction formation was not dependent on de
      novo synthesis of protein. The fact that the number of gap junctions can be
      increased by chemical agents has important implications for control of their
      formation and provides a tool for analysis fo their role in cell-to-cell
      coupling.

PMID- 690171
TI  - Chemical and structural changes of neurofilaments in transected rat sciatic
      nerve.
AB  - The sequence of changes occurring in transected rat sciatic nerve was examined by
      electron microscopy and by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide disc gel
      electrophoresis. Representative segments of transected nerves were processed for
      ultrastructural examinations between 0 and 34 days after the transection of
      sciatic nerves immediately below the sacro-sciatic notch. The remainder of the
      transected nerves and the intact portions of sciatic nerves were desheathed and
      immediately homogenized in 1 percent SDS containing 8 M urea and 50 mM
      dithioerythritol. Solubilized proteins were analyzed on 12 percent gels at pH 8.3
      in a discontinuous electrophoretic system. Initial changes were limited to the
      axons of transected nerve fibers and were characterized by the loss of
      microtubules and neurofilaments and their replacement by an amorphous floccular
      material. These changes became widespread between 24 and 48 h after transection.
      The disruption of neurofilaments during this interval occurred in parallel with a
      selective loss of 69,000, 150,000 and 200,000 mol wt proteins from nerve
      homogenates, thus corroborating the view that these proteins represent component
      subunits of mammalian neurofilaments. Furthermore, the selective changes of
      neurofilament proteins in transected nerves indicate their inherent lability and
      suggest their susceptibility to calcium-mediated alterations. Electrophoretic
      profiles of nerve proteins during the 4-34-day interval after nerve transection
      reflected the breakdown and removal of myelin, the proliferation of Schwann cells
      and the deposition of endoneurial collagen. A marked increase of intermediate
      sized filaments within proliferating Schwann cell processes was not accompanied
      by the appearance of neurofilamentlike proteins in gels of nerve homogenates.

PMID- 690172
TI  - Oxygen-sensitive stages of the cell cycle of human diploid cells.
AB  - We had established that growth of human diploid WI-38 cells is reversibly
      inhibited by elevated partial pressures of oxygen (PO2) and we were interested in
      determining where in the cell cycle growth was delayed. A technique combining
      cytospectrophotometry and autoradiography was used to determine cell cycle
      parameters. Confluent cells that were subcultivated and exposed to a PO2 of 365
      +/- 8 mm Hg were delayed primarily after DNA synthesis but before metaphase. At a
      PO2 of 590 +/- 35 mm Hg, most cells did not initiate DNA synthesis, and the few
      that did, failed to complete the process. When exponentially growing cells that
      had already begun DNA synthesis were exposed to a PO2 of 590 p 35 mm Hg, they
      accumulated after completing DNA synthesis but before initiating mitosis. The
      rate at which (3H)thymidine was incorporated into DNA was inversely correlated
      with oxygen tension (PO2 of 135--590 mm Hg). These results suggest that the
      process most sensitive to oxygen causes cells to be delayed after DNA synthesis
      but before metaphase. Slightly higher PO2's were needed to inhibit the initiation
      of DNA synthesis. Further, the rate of DNA synthesis is decreased by elevated
      oxygen tensions.

PMID- 690173
TI  - Immunocytochemical localization of a large intrinsic membrane protein to the
      incisures and margins of frog rod outer segment disks.
AB  - Immunocytochemical techniques have localized a large protein which is an
      intrinsic membrane component of isolated frog rod outer segments (ROS). This
      large protein whose apparent mol wt is 290,000 daltons comprises about 1--3% of
      the ROS membrane mass. Its molar ratio to opsin is between 1:300 and 1:900.
      Adequate immune responses were obtained with less than 30 microgram (100 pmol) of
      antigen per rabbit. Antibodies to the large protein were used for its
      localization on thin sections of frog retina embedded in glutaraldehyde cross
      linked bovine serum albumin (BSA). Specifically bound antibodies were detected by
      an indirect sequence with ferritin-conjugated antibodies. This technique detected
      the protein which is represented by 1,000--3,000 molecules per disk. This
      indicates that the procedure is sufficiently sensitive for analysis of membrane
      components in low molar proportions. The large protein was specifically localized
      to the incisures of ROS disks which divide the disks into lobes and to the disk
      margin. Thus, opsin is mobile within the membrane of the disk while the large
      protein is apparently constrained to the disk edges. This finding raises the
      possibility that special functions are also localized ot his unusual region of
      high curvature, and that collisions of bleached opsin with these edges are
      physiologically important in couter segment function.

PMID- 690175
TI  - Ultrastructure of the proximal region of somatic cilia in Paramecium tetraurelia.
AB  - The morphology of the transition zone between the terminal plate of the basal
      body and the 9 + 2 region of the somatic (non-oral) cilium has been examined in
      Paramecium tetraurelia. Freeze-fracture and thin-section techniques disclosed
      both membrane specializations and various internal structural linkages. Freeze
      fracture material revealed sets of particles interrupting the unit membrane. The
      more distal of these form plaquelike arrays while the proximal set of particles
      forms the ciliary "necklace." The plaque regions correspond to anionic sites on
      the outer membrane surface as revealed by binding of polycationic ferritin. Both
      the plaque particles and the necklace particles appear to be in contact with
      outer doublet microtubules via a complex of connecting structures. In the
      interior of the transition zone an axosomal plate supports an axosome surrounded
      by a ring of lightly packed material. Only one of the two central tubules of the
      axoneme reaches and penetrates the axosome. Below the axosomal plate four rings,
      each approx. 20 nm wide, connect adjacent outer doublets. An intermediate plate
      lies proximal to these rings, and a terminal plate marks the proximal boundary of
      this zone. Nine transitional fibers extend from the region of the terminal plate
      to the plasmalemma. The observations described above have been used to construct
      a three-dimensional model of the transition region of "wild-type" Paramecium
      somatic cilia. It is anticipated that this model will be useful in future studies
      concerning possible function of transition-zone specializations, since Paramecium
      may be examined in both normal and reversed ciliary beating modes, and since
      mutants incapable of reverse beating are available.

PMID- 690174
TI  - Isolation and characterization of glial filaments from human brain.
AB  - Intermediate (8--9 nm) filaments of human central nervous system astrocytes were
      isolated from the gliosed white matter of cases of adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD).
      This hereditary lipidosis is characterized pathologically by demyelination, loss
      of axons, and replacement of the white matter of the caudal cerebrum by a glial
      scar. Glial filaments were composed largely of a single protein component with a
      mol wt of about 49,000 daltons. Smaller components (44,000--39,000 daltons) were
      detected in some samples, and appear to represent degradation products of the
      filament protein. Human neurofilaments were isolated from the normal frontal
      white matter of ALD cases by the standard myelin-free axon technique. Isolated
      glial and neurofilament proteins comigrated during acrylamide gel electrophoresis
      in SDS. Polypeptides resulting from cyanogen bromide cleavage of the two filament
      proteins were the same. Both proteins reacted with rabbit antisera raised against
      isolated bovine neurofilament protein and human glial fibrillary acidic protein.

PMID- 690176
TI  - Intracellular transport of proteins in active and resting secretory cells of the
      venom gland of Vipera palaestinae.
AB  - The intracellular transport of venom proteins has been studied in active and
      resting venom glands of the snake Vipera palaestinae by electron microscope
      radioautography after an intra-arterial injection of [3H]leucine. In the active
      gland, most of the label is initially (10 min) found over the RER. By 30 min, the
      relative grain density of the Golgi complex reaches its maximum, with concomitant
      increase in the labeling of the condensing vacuoles. Later on, a steep increase
      in radioactivity of the secretory granules is observed. At 3 h, these granules,
      which comprise about 2% of the cell volume, contain 22% of the total grains. At
      the following hour, their labeling declines and at the same time the
      radioactivity of the secreted venom is increased. It is concluded that, in the
      active cell, venom proteins are transported via the Golgi apparatus into membrane
      bounded granules which are the immediate source of the secreted venom. An
      alternative pathway, which involves the RER cisternae as a storage compartment,
      seems unlikely, since incorporated label does not accumulate in this compartment
      after prolonged postpulse intervals. The route of intracellular transport of
      proteins in the resting glands is similar to that of the active ones, but the
      rate of synthesis and transport is much slower. The present results and earlier
      data, thus, show that the increase in the rate of secretion after initiation of a
      new venom regeneration cycle is the result of accelerated rates of both synthesis
      and transport.

PMID- 690178
TI  - A freeze-fracture study of membrane events during neurohypophysial secretion.
AB  - Freeze-fracture was used to study the membrane events taking place during
      neurosecretory granule discharge (exocytosis) and subsequent membrane
      internalization (endocytosis) in axons of neurohypophyses from control and water
      deprived rats. En face views of the cytoplasmic leaflet (P face) of the split
      axolemma reveal circular depressions that represent the secretory granule
      membranes fused with the plasma membrane during exocytosis. These depressions
      often contain granule core material in the process of extrusion into the
      extracellular space. The membrane surrounding some of the exocytotic openings
      shows a decreased number of intramembrane particles (mean diameter, 8 nm) which
      are elsewhere more numerous and evenly distrubuted on the fracture face.
      Endocytotic sites appear as smaller plasma membrane invaginations, with
      associated intramembrane particles. Moreover, such invaginations often contain
      large particles (mean diameter, 12 nm) that appear as clusters on en face views
      of the membrane leaflet. Quantitative analysis indicates that the number of
      exocytotic images increases significantly in glands from water-deprived rats.
      Concomitantly, the number of endocytotic figures per unit area of membrane is
      raised as is the number of clusters of large particles. The observations
      demonstrate that, in the neurohypophysis, it is possible to distinguish
      exocytosis morphologically from endocytosis and that the two events can be
      assessed quantitatively.

PMID- 690177
TI  - Immunoelectron microscope localization of cytochrome P-450 on microsomes and
      other membrane structures of rat hepatocytes.
AB  - Localization of cytochrome P-450 on various membrane fractions of rat liver cells
      was studied by direct immunoelectron microscopy using ferritin-conjugated
      antibody to the cytochrome. The outer surfaces of almost all the microsomal
      vesicles were labeled with ferritin particles. The distribution of the particles
      on each microsomal vesicle was usually heterogeneous, indicating clustering of
      the cytochrome, and phenobarbital treatment markedly increased the labeled
      regions of the microsomal membranes. The outer nuclear envelopes were also
      labeled with ferritin particles, while on the surface of other membrane
      structures such as Golgi complexes, outer mitochondrial membranes and plasma
      membranes the labeling was scanty and at the control level. The present
      observation indicates that cytochrome P-450 molecules are localized exclusively
      on endoplasmic reticulum membranes and outer nuclear envelopes where they are
      probably distributed not uniformly but heterogeneously, forming clusters or
      patches. The physiological significance of such microheterogeneity in the
      distribution of the cytochrome on endoplasmic reticulum membranes is discussed.

PMID- 690179
TI  - Loss and reappearance of gap junctions in regenerating liver.
AB  - Changes in intercellular junctional morphology associated with rat liver
      regeneration were examined in a freeze-fracture study. After a two-thirds partial
      hepatectomy, both gap junctions and zonulae occludentes were drastically altered.
      Between 0 and 20 h after partial hepatectomy, the junctions appeared virtually
      unchanged. 28 h after partial hepatectomy, however, the large gap junctions
      usually located close to the bile canaliculi and the small gap junctions enmeshed
      within the strands of the zonulae occudentes completely disappeared. Although the
      zonulae occludentes bordering the bile canaliculi apparently remained intact,
      numerous strands could now be found oriented perpendicular to the canaliculi. In
      some instances, the membrane outside the canaliculi was extensively filled with
      isolated junctional strands, often forming very complex configurations. About 40
      h after partial hepatectomy, very many small gap junctions reappeared in close
      association with the zonulae occludentes. Subsequently, gap junctions increased
      in size and decreased in number until about 48 h after partial hepatectomy when
      gap junctions were indistinguishable in size and number from those of control
      animals. The zonulae occludentes were again predominantly located around the
      canalicular margins. These studies provide further evidence for the growth of gap
      junctions by the accretion of particles and of small gap junctions to form large
      maculae.

PMID- 690180
TI  - Freeze-fracture identification of sterol-digitonin complexes in cell and liposome
      membranes.
AB  - To advance our understanding of the organization of cholesterol within cell
      membranes, we used digitonin in freeze-fracture investigations of model lipid
      vesicles and tissues. Cholesterol suspensions or multilamellar liposomes composed
      of phosphatidylcholine with and without cholesterol were exposed to digitonin.
      Freeze-fracture replicas of those multilamellar liposomes containing cholesterol
      displayed either 50--60-nm wide intramembrane corrugations or extramembrane
      tubular complexes. Comparable intramembrane hemitubular scallops and extra
      cellular free tubular complexes were observed in thin sections. Exposure of
      sperm, erythrocytes (whole and ghosts), and intact tissues (skin, liver, adrenal
      gland, epididymis) to digitonin produced the same types of intra- and
      extramembrane complexes or furrows as were formed in liposomes. The plasma
      membrane of guinea pig serum tail had two unfurrowed regions: the annulus and the
      zipper. Incubating erythrocyte membranes with digitonin resulted in rapid
      displacement of cholesterol, accompanied by intramembrane particle clustering and
      membrane faceting, a feature which we did not see in the intact epithelia
      studied. In freeze-fractured epithelia, we found that plasma membranes,
      lysosomes, and some vesicular organelles commonly furrowed, but that
      mitochondrial membranes and nuclear envelopes were generally spared, correlating
      well with their known cholesterol content. Finally, plasma membrane corrugations
      approached but did not impinge on either gap or tight junctions, or on coated
      vesicles. We conclude that freeze-fracture of membranes exposed to digitonin: (a)
      reveals distinctive cholesterol-digitonin structural complexes; (b) distinguishes
      cholesterol-rich and -poor organelle membranes; and (c) demonstrates membrane
      domains rich or poor in cholesterol.

PMID- 690181
TI  - Subaxolemmal filamentous network in the giant nerve fiber of the squid (Loligo
      pealei L.) and its possible role in excitability.
AB  - A new technique utilizing the squid giant nerve fiber has been developed which
      permits direct examination of the inner face of the axolemma by scanning electron
      microscopy. The axoplasm was removed sequentially in a 15-mm long segment of the
      fiber by intracellular perfusion with a solution of KF, KCl, Ca++-containing
      seawater, or with pronase. The action potential of the fibers was monitored
      during these treatments. After brief prefixation in 1% paraformaldehyde and 1%
      glutaraldehyde, the perfused segment was opened by a lne could be related to
      information on the detailed morphology of the cytoplasmic face of the axolemma
      and the ectoplasm. The results obtained by scanning electron microscopy were
      further substantiated by transmission electron microscopy of thin sections. In
      addition, living axons were studied with polarized light during axoplasm removal,
      and the identification of actin by heavy meromyosin labeling and sodium dodecyl
      sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was accomplished. These
      observations demonstrate that a three-dimensional network of interwoven
      filaments, consisting partly of an actinlike protein, is firmly attached to the
      axolemma. The axoplasmic face of fibers in which the filaments have been removed
      partially after perfusion with pronase displays smooth membranous blebs and large
      profiles which sppose the axolemma. In fibers where the excitability has been
      suppressed by pronase perfusion, approximately one-third of the inner face of the
      axolemma in the perfusion zone is free of filaments. It is hypothesized that the
      attachment of axoplasm filaments to the axolemma may have a role in the
      maintenance of the normal morphology of the axolemma, and, thus, in some aspect
      of excitability.

PMID- 690182
TI  - Promotion of human adipocyte precursor replication by 17beta-estradiol in
      culture.
AB  - The influence of 17beta-estradiol and 17alpha-estradiol on adult human omental
      adipocyte precursors grown in a propagating culture system was studied. Cells
      were grown in subculture in the presence or absence of hormone. 17beta-estradiol
      resulted in significant promotion of adipocyte precursor replication, as
      determined by cell counting and incorporation of radioactive thymidine into DNA.
      The hormone stimulated cell multiplication in the concentration range 0.5--500
      ng/ml growth medium. The highest level tested was 500 ng/ml. The maximal effects
      were obtained at 50 ng/ml (P less than 0.001 by paired t test, 48 h after hormone
      addition). All 10 cell strains (five were derived from men and five from women)
      that were tested responded similarly to the hormone. 17beta-estradiol did not
      affect cell size. 17alpha-estradiol did not promote the replication of adipocyte
      precursors, nor did it influence cell size. Thus, 17beta-estradiol, which is the
      active isomer in known target tissues, stimulates the multiplication of human
      adipocyte precursors in culture.

PMID- 690183
TI  - Pancreatic and gastric somatostatin release in response to intragastric and
      intraduodenal nutrients and HCl in the dog.
AB  - The effects of the instillation of glucose, fat, casein hydrolysate, and HCl into
      the gastrointestinal tract upon plasma levels of somatostatin-like
      immunoreactivity (SLI) in the venous effluent of the pancreas, fundus and antrum
      of the stomach, and in the inferior vena cava (IVC) were determined in normal
      laparotomized dogs. Fasting SLI levels in the effluent plasma from these sites
      were significantly greater than IVC levels. The intragastric administration of
      glucose elicited a prompt and significant rise in SLI levels in pancreatic,
      fundic and antral venous plasma, and in IVC plasma; intraduodenal glucose
      elicited smaller increments. After intragastric fat, a smaller, more gradual
      increase in the pancreatic and fundic effluents was observed, whereas the rise in
      antral SLI was minute, and IVC SLI did not rise significantly. Intraduodenal fat
      elicited a prompt increase in the pancreatic and antral vein SLI levels, and a
      small but significant increase in fundic and IVC plasma which suggests faster
      release of enteric factors that influence SLI secretion in the pancreas and
      antrum. Intragastric casein hydrolysate elicited a prompt increase in SLI in both
      the pancreatic and fundic veins, the latter being marked, but the antral SLI
      response was small; IVC SLI rose significantly within 15 min. Intragastric HCl
      provoked a prompt and marked rise in pancreaticoduodenal and antral vein SLI but
      no increase in fundic vein SLI; IVC SLI levels rose significantly within 20 min.
      Intraduodenal HCl elicited an even more prompt and marked pancreatic SLI
      response, and SLI rose significantly in both the fundic and antral venous
      effluents; IVC SLI also rose more promptly. In dogs with a gastric fistula that
      prevented intraduodenal entry of HCl, intragastric HCl elicited only a very small
      and transient rise in pancreaticoduodenal vein SLI, markedly stimulated the
      antral SLI response, but completely suppressed fundic venous SLI levels. The
      results indicate that all three nutrients stimulate SLI release from the pancreas
      and stomach. The greater SLI response to intragastric, as opposed to
      intraduodenal, glucose suggests that unidentified local factors are of
      importance. The responses to the intraduodenal instillation of HCl and fat
      suggest a role of enteric hormones in the release of SLI from the pancreas and
      fundus and antrum of the stomach. Additionally, there is evidence of direct
      effects of HCl upon gastric SLI release.

PMID- 690184
TI  - Biosynthesis of chenodeoxycholic acid in man: stereospecific side-chain
      hydroxylations of 5beta-cholestane-3alpha,7alpha-diol.
AB  - Stereospecific side-chain hydroxylations of 5beta-cholestane-3alpha, 7alpha-diol
      were studied in mitochondrial and microsomal fractions of human liver. Incubation
      of 5beta-cholestane-3alpha, 7alpha-diol resulted in hydroxylations at C-12, C-24,
      C-25, and C-26. Hydroxylations at C-24 and C-26 were accompanied by the
      introduction of additional asymmetric carbon atoms at C-24 and C-25 respectively,
      that led to the formation of two distinct pairs of diastereoisomers, namely 5beta
      cholestane-3alpha, 7alpha,24-triols (24R and 24S) and 5beta-cholestane-3alpha,
      7alpha,26-triols (25R and 25S). A sensitive and reproducible radioactive assay to
      measure the formation of the different biosynthetic 5beta-cholestanetriols was
      developed. Optimal assay conditions for human mitochondrial and microsomal
      systems were tentatively established.The mitochondrial fraction was found to
      predominantly catalyze the 26-hydroxylation of 5beta-cholestane-3alpha, 7alpha
      diol with the formation of the 25R-diastereoisomer of 5beta-cholestane-3alpha,
      7alpha,26-triol as the major product. In the microsomal fraction, on the other
      hand, 25-hydroxylation was more efficient than 26-hydroxylation and accounted for
      6.4% of the total hydroxylations. The microsomes catalyzed the formation of both
      diastereoisomers of 5beta-cholestane-3alpha, 7alpha,26-triol (25R and 25S, 4.2
      and 1.6% respectively). These experiments suggest that the initial step in the
      degradation of the steroid side chain during the biosynthesis of chenodeoxycholic
      acid in man is mediated by the mitochondria, and involves the formation of the
      25R-diastereoisomer of 5beta-cholestane-3alpha, 7alpha,26-triol. The role of the
      microsomal 25- and 26-hydroxylated intermediates requires further exploration.

PMID- 690185
TI  - Accumulation of lysophosphoglycerides with arrhythmogenic properties in ischemic
      myocardium.
AB  - Lysophosphoglycerides, products of membrane phospholipid catabolism known to
      influence membrane function in several systems, appeared in the effluents of
      anoxic isolated rabbit hearts perfused at low flow and accumulated in perfused
      hearts and myocardium rendered ischemic in situ. Comparable concentrations of
      lysophosphoglycerides bound to albumin markedly and reversibly altered action
      potentials of isolated canine Purkinje fibers in vitro. Changes induced included
      diminution of the maximum diastolic potential, peak dV/dt of phase zero,
      amplitude, and action potential duration--alterations resembling those seen in
      ischemic myocardium in vivo. These electrophysiological alterations are
      compatible with changes implicated in predisposing to dysrhythmia dependent on
      reentry, a phenomenon potentiated by the presence of zones of decreased
      conduction. Thus, accumulation of lysophosphoglycerides induced by ischemia may
      contribute to the genesis of malignant dysrhythmia early after its onset.

PMID- 690186
TI  - L-triiodothyronine and L-reverse-triiodothyronine generation in the human
      polymorphonuclear leukocyte.
AB  - Extrathyroidal monodeiodination of l-thyroxine (T(4)) is the principal source of
      l-triiodothyronine (T(3)) and l-reverse-triiodothyronine (rT(3)) production. To
      define some of the cellular factors involved, we examined T(3) and rT(3)
      generation from added nonradioactive T(4) in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes,
      using radioimmunoassays to quantify the T(3) and rT(3) generated. Under optimum
      incubation conditions which included a pH of 6.5 in sucrose-acetate buffer, the
      presence of dithiothreitol as a sulfhydryl-group protector, and incubation in an
      hypoxic atmosphere, significant net generation of T(3) and rT(3) was observed. Of
      the several subcellular fractions studied, the particulate fraction obtained by
      centrifugation at 27,000 g was found to possess the highest T(3)- and rT(3)
      generating activities per unit quantity of protein. With respect to T(3)
      generation from substrate T(4), the K(m) was 5 muM and the V(max) was 7.2
      pmol/min per mg protein. Propylthiouracil, methimazole, and prior induction of
      phagocytosis inhibited both T(3) and rT(3) generation, but T(3) generation was
      inhibited to a greater extent. rT(3), in a concentration equimolar to that of
      substrate T(4), did not alter T(3) generation, but inhibited T(3) generation when
      the molar ratio of rT(3) to T(4) approached 10:1. Under the incubation conditions
      employed, particulate fractions of leukocytes obtained from five cord blood
      samples displayed an essentially normal relationship between T(3)- and rT(3)
      generating activities, despite the distinctly divergent serum T(3) and rT(3)
      concentrations in these samples. From our findings, we draw the following
      conclusions: (a) the human polymorphonuclear leukocyte possesses the ability to
      generate T(3) and rT(3) from substrate T(4); (b) the T(3)- and rT(3)-generating
      activities are associated principally with the 27,000 g particulate fraction and
      display enzymic characteristics with a sulfhydryl-group requirement; (c) T(3)
      generating activity appears to be more susceptible to inhibitory influences than
      rT(3)-generating activity; and (d) in cord blood leukocytes, the putative enzymes
      catalyzing T(3) and rT(3) generation appear to be functionally intact under the
      experimental conditions employed.

PMID- 690187
TI  - Decreased pulmonary transvascular fluid filtration in awake newborn lambs after
      intravenous furosemide.
AB  - We studied the effect of furosemide on pulmonary transvascular filtration of
      fluid and microvascular permeability to plasma proteins by measuring steady-state
      lung lymph flow and protein flow, pulmonary arterial and left atrial pressures in
      nine 1-wk-old unanesthetized lambs before and after rapid intravenous infusion of
      furosemide, 1 mg/kg in 10 experiments and 8 mg/kg in 5 experiments. With rapid
      diuresis induced by furosemide (an eightfold increase in urine flow), lung
      vascular pressures decreased, protein concentrations of lymph and plasma
      increased, and there was a consistent decrease in lymph flow and lymph protein
      flow, more pronounced after the larger dose. Five additional lambs received 8
      mg/kg of furosemide intravenously in the presence of saline-induced pulmonary
      edema; in these experiments, the decrease in vascular pressures, increase in
      transvascular protein gradient, and decrease in lymph flow were greater than in
      lambs without pulmonary edema. These findings suggest that furosemide decreases
      transvascular filtration of fluid in the lung by diminishing the transvascular
      hydraulic pressure gradient and increasing the transvascular gradient for protein
      osmotic pressure. In five acute experiments on anesthetized lambs with kidneys
      removed, 8 mg/kg of intravenous furosemide decreased lymph flow one-half as much
      as it did in the presence of kidneys, with no change in lung vascular pressures
      or protein concentrations. The results of experiments in lambs without kidneys
      are consistent with a reduction in the vascular surface area for exchange of
      fluid and protein in the lung.

PMID- 690188
TI  - Skeletal muscle protein and amino acid metabolism in experimental chronic uremia
      in the rat: accelerated alanine and glutamine formation and release.
AB  - The kinetics and factors regulating alanine and glutamine formation and release
      were investigated in skeletal muscle preparations from control and experimentally
      uremic rats. These preparations maintained phosphocreatine and ATP levels in
      vitro which closely approximated levels found in vivo. Alanine and glutamine
      release from uremic muscle were increased 45.8 and 36.0%, respectively, but
      tissue levels were unaltered. The increased release of alanine by uremic muscle
      was not accounted for by decreased rates of medium alanine reutilization via
      oxidation to CO(2) or incorporation into muscle protein. The maximal capacity of
      added amino acids such as aspartate, cysteine, leucine, and valine to stimulate
      net alanine and glutamine formation was the same in uremic and control muscle.
      Epitrochlearis preparations were partially labeled in vivo with [guanido-(14)C]
      arginine. On incubation, preparations from uremic animals showed a 54.6% increase
      in the rate of loss of (14)C-label in acid precipitable protein. Correspondingly,
      these same uremic preparations showed a 62.7% increase in (14)C-label appearance
      in the acid-soluble fraction of muscle and in the incubation media. Insulin
      decreased alanine and glutamine release to an extent threefold greater in uremic
      than in control preparations, and increased muscle glucose uptake approximately
      threefold in all preparations. Although basal rates of [4,5-(3)H]leucine
      incorporation into protein were decreased 25% in uremic muscles as compared with
      control muscles, insulin stimulated [(3)H]leucine incorporation nearly equally in
      both preparations. These data demonstrate increased alanine and glutamine
      production and release from skeletal muscle of chronically uremic rats. This
      increase appears to derive in part from an enhancement of net protein degradation
      which could be caused by an acceleration in the breakdown of one or more groups
      of muscle proteins, or by an inhibition of protein synthesis, or by both
      processes. The increased alanine and glutamine formation and release in uremia
      appears not to result from an insensitivity to insulin action. The implications
      of these findings for an understanding of the abnormal carbohydrate metabolism of
      uremia are discussed.

PMID- 690189
TI  - Sympathetic hyperactivity during hypothalamic stimulation in spontaneously
      hypertensive rats.
AB  - To determine whether sympathetic hyperactivity of hypothalamic origin contributes
      to keep blood pressures high in spontaneous hypertension, aortic pressures and
      sympathetic nerve spike potentials were recorded during electrical stimulation of
      the posterior hypothalamus in urethane-anesthetized normotensive or hypertensive
      rats. Basal sympathetic nerve activity was higher in spontaneously hypertensive
      rats than in either normotensive or deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertensive
      ones even before stimulation began. Blood pressure elevations produced by
      hypothalamic stimulation were always preceded by substantial increases in
      amplitude and rate of neural firing. Changes in amplitude could not be
      quantified, but rates of neural firing accelerated much more in spontaneous
      hypertensives than in normotensives during stimulation with 50- and 100-muA
      currents. Similar differences between deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt
      hypertensives and either normotensives or spontaneous hypertensives were not
      statistically significant. Nerve activity invariably became quiescent immediately
      after hypothalamic stimulation was discontinued, and recovery from this
      poststimulatory inhibition was faster in spontaneously hypertensive than in
      normotensive rats. Although spontaneous hypertensives generally also had stronger
      pressor responses to various sympathomimetic stimuli, responses to hypothalamic
      stimulation were enhanced to a greater extent than those to either norepinephrine
      or sympathetic nerve stimulation. Because this selectivity indicates
      participation of mechanisms other than augmented cardiovascular reactivity,
      further enhancement of responsiveness to hypothalamic stimuli was attributed to
      the associated increase in sympathetic nerve firing. These results are in accord
      with the hypothesis that the blood pressure elevation in rats with established
      spontaneous hypertension is a result, at least in part, of sympathetic
      hyperactivity emanating from the posterior hypothalamus.

PMID- 690190
TI  - Effect of glucagon on glucose production during insulin deficiency in the dog.
AB  - The aim of the present experiments was to determine the effects of basal glucagon
      on glucose production after induction of prolonged insulin lack in normal
      conscious dogs fasted overnight. A selective deficiency of insulin or a combined
      deficiency of both pancreatic hormones was created by infusing somatostatin alone
      or in combination with an intraportal replacement infusion of glucagon. Glucose
      production (GP) was measured by a primed constant infusion of [3H-3]glucose, and
      gluconeogenesis (GNG) was assessed by determining the conversion rate of
      circulating [14C]alanine and [14C]lactate into [14C]glucose. When insulin
      deficiency was induced in the presence of basal glucagon the latter hormone
      caused GP to double and then to decline so that after 4 h it had returned to the
      conrol rate. The conversion of alanine and lactate into glucose, on the other
      hand, increased throughout the period of insulin lack. Withdrawal of glucagon
      after GP had normalized resulted in a 40% fall in GP, a 37% decrease in GNG, and
      a marked decrease in the plasma glucose concentration. Induction of insulin
      deficiency in the absence of basal glucagon resulted in an initial (30%) drop in
      GP followed by a restoration of normal GP after 2--3 h and moderately enhanced
      glucose formation from alanine and lactate. It can be concluded that (a) the
      effect of relative hyperglucagonemia on GP is short-lived; (b) the waning of the
      effect of glucagon is attributable solely to a diminution of glycogenolysis
      because GNG remains stimulated; (c) basal glucagon markedly enhances the GNG
      stimulation apparent after induction of insulin deficiency; and (d) basal
      glucagon worsens the hyperglycemia pursuant on the induction of insulin
      deficiency both by triggering an initial overproduction of glucose and by
      maintaining the basal production rate thereafter.

PMID- 690191
TI  - Absence of the platelet receptor for drug-dependent antibodies in the Bernard
      Soulier syndrome.
AB  - The platelet membrane receptor for quinidine- and quinine-dependent antibodies
      was studied in three patients with the Bernard-Soulier syndrome (BSS) and in
      normal subjects with immunologic techniques based on the release of 51Cr from
      labeled platelets. The receptor could not be detected on BSS platelets but was
      present on platelets from each of 180 normal subjects. BSS platelets reacted
      normally with other allo- and autoantibodies. In confirmation of previous
      reports, BSS platelets were found to be deficient in glycoproteins Ib and Is.
      However, after apparently total cleavage of these proteins from the membrane of
      normal platelets by controlled hydrolysis with trypsin or chymotrypsin, 80% of
      the drug-dependent antibody receptor activity was retained. These observations
      suggest the existence of an additional, hitherto unrecognized membrane defect in
      Bernard-Soulier platelets.

PMID- 690192
TI  - Validity and usefulness in four WIST studies recently reported in the journal.
AB  - Four articles that reported studies that used the Whitaker Index of Schizophrenic
      Thinking (WIST) were published in the Journal of Clinical Psychology in early
      1977. These articles are reviewed by the WIST's author in terms of necessary
      conditions for valid and useful studies of schizophrenic thinking. Two of the
      studies reported used the MMPI Sc Scale: one of them failed to note its
      limitations and used the WIST incorrectly; the other resulted in some useful
      data. The other two articles report ground-breaking investigations of
      schizophrenic thinking as conceptual rule-learning inability. They are viewed as
      providing a valuable new orientation in the study of schizophrenic thinking
      because they investigate the phenomena first-hand instead of relying simply on
      ordinary psychiatric diagnosis for a criterion. Some previously unpublished data
      on the WIST and intelligence relevant to all four studies are reported.

PMID- 690193
TI  - Binocular locus of prior time information effect in schizophrenia.
AB  - Schizophrenics and alcoholic controls estimated the duration of a single dark
      dot, which followed an auditory warning signal of variable duration that
      functioned as foreperiod duration. The effect of foreperiod duration on time
      estimation was an increasing one for both schizophrenics and alcoholics alike.
      Elimination of such foreperiod effect by prior time information in terms of
      correlation between pitch of the warning signal and foreperiod duration, was
      shown to be unique to schizophrenics. However, this prior time information effect
      was demonstrated only when the dot was viewed binocularly, not when viewed
      monocularly. This binocular locus of time expectancy in schizophrenia reflects
      the tendency toward spatialization of prior time information.

PMID- 690194
TI  - The relative accuracy of U.S. British, and Mexican raters in judging the
      emotional displays of schizophrenic and normal U.S. women.
AB  - Asked U.S., British, and Mexican male students of college age to discriminate
      among three affective displays presented by 10 schizophrenic and 10 normal U.S.
      women. Significant main effects for diagnostic category, nationality of judge and
      for the interaction of nationality and diagnostic category were obtained.
      Furthermore, U.S. judges did significantly better in judging normals as compared
      to schizophrenics, British judges tended in the same direction, and Mexican
      judges did not. Co-nationality and national similarity confer an advantage in
      judging normals as compared to schizophrenics. The data have relevance for
      questions about the effects of sending and receiving nonverbal emotional messages
      on communications or miscommunications between doctor and patient, doctors from
      different cultures and people including conference negotiators, from different
      national backgrounds.

PMID- 690195
TI  - Reductions in experienced control and depression in psychiatric inpatients: a
      test of the learned helplessness model.
AB  - Used a measure of reduction in experienced control to investigate two aspects of
      the learned helplessness model of depression. Consistent with this model,
      psychiatric inpatients who reported reduced control over life events prior to
      hospitalization were significantly more depressed than individuals who reported
      no such reductions. Locus of control (IE) was not related to depression scores,
      and it was suggested, in light of previous research, that future research on the
      antecedents of depression employ more specific measures of control rather than
      measures of generalized expectancies. Additionally, depressive as a diagnostic
      group reported greated reduced control than chronic schizophrenics, paranoid
      schizophrenics, and patients with personality disorder diagnoses. These results
      were interpreted as supporting the specificity of learned helplessness to
      depression. It was suggested that research on learned helplessness and
      depression, which has relied on college student analogues, can be complemented
      profitably by studies of reduced experience control within clinical populations.

PMID- 690196
TI  - A critique of the clinical-personological approach to idiographic personality
      study.
AB  - Idiographic research occupies an accepted position in personological study and
      clinical psychology. This review critically examines one such method of
      investigation, the clinical-personological approach, which relies on inductive
      inference and attempts to provide description at the level of the "whole person."
      The data base is essentially clinical, psychosocial and psychometric, and
      information integration is achieved through "convergent validation." The approach
      was criticized on three grounds: (a) level of description is only at a single
      level, ie., the general; (b) the data base is limited to grosser system
      attributes and is typically of low reliability and validity; and (c) inductive
      inference formulation is unduly susceptible to influence by chance factors, and
      attempts to validate the hypothesis are rare. Of the alternative approaches,
      Personal Construct Theory appears a promising avenue, but is also open to
      criticism.

PMID- 690197
TI  - Primary affective disorder: anxiety in unipolar and bipolar depressed groups.
AB  - A group of 50 patients (29 bipolar and 21 unipolar) hospitalized for depression
      were compared on the IPAT Anxiety Scale. The bipolar depressed group reported
      significantly less anxiety than the unipolar  group. This finding supports the
      results of other studies that reported relatively less psychopathology in bipolar
      groups during the acute depressive state. It is suggested that test-taking
      defensiveness, especially denial, might account for relatively lower anxiety and
      MMPI scores in bipolar groups.

PMID- 690198
TI  - The effect of motivation on loose thinking in schizophrenics as measured by the
      Bannister-Fransella Grid Test.
AB  - Administered the Bannister-Fransella Grid Test of Schizophrenic Thought Disorder
      to 40 male schizophrenics. Half of them received a monetary reward for their
      performance, and half did not. The efficacy of this motivation-enhancing
      manipulation was verified by the fact that the group that was working for the
      money completed a card sorting task significantly faster than the group that
      received no compensation. However, the former group also exhibited more thought
      disorder on the grid test. The results were interpreted in terms of drive theory.
      It was argued that the rewarded group was more motivated and therefore more
      highly aroused and that this high arousal level disrupted performance on the more
      complex task. The findings do not support the hypothesis that lack of motivation
      contributes to schizophrenic cognitive deficit.

PMID- 690199
TI  - Sensory perception and motoric reactivity in schizophrenic patients.
AB  - Explored the effect of non-signal and signal stimuli conditions upon skin
      conductance (SC) and finger pulse amplitude (FPA) of 8 schizophrenic patients and
      6 normal controls. Both groups were assessed on a reaction time (RT) task that
      consisted of visual, auditory and tactile stimuli. Schizophrenics were
      significantly slower in the perception and reaction to visual, auditory and
      tactile stimuli than the normal volunteers. The autonomic reactivity of
      schizophrenics and normals was nonsignificant during the relaxation and non
      signal stimuli conditions. However, when schizophrenics were asked to respond to
      signal stimuli or when an interfering stimulus was introduced, an autonomic
      imbalance was observed. The concept of directional fractionation provides the
      theoretical framework for the discussion of the autonomic results.

PMID- 690200
TI  - Sex differences in birth patterns of schizophrenics.
AB  - Birth patterns of non-aboriginal, first admission, Western Australian psychiatric
      patients born between 1920 and 1950 were compared statistically with those of the
      general population. Three I. C. D. categories were examined: schizophrenia,
      anxiety neurosis, and depressive neurosis. For both categories of neurosis no
      deviations from normal birth patterns were observed. For males, marked excesses
      in schizophrenic births were observed in June, and for females a similar excess
      occurred in September. Possible explanations for this sex difference are
      examined.

PMID- 690201
TI  - Further evidence that M-F is bipolar and multidimensional.
AB  - Conducted a study to identify a set of cognitive skills tests on which there are
      significant sex differences. The main study determined the comparability of
      several bipolar M-F scales and the relations between the full range of scores on
      each of those bipolar M-F scales and self-rated sexual orientation;  110 females
      and 113 males completed six cognitive tests, the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI),
      the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and the Kinsey Sexual
      Orientation scale (KSO). Correlations in the combined-sex group were
      substantially higher than in either of the single-sex groups. Each of the several
      M-F measures was related significantly to sexual orientation in the combined-sex
      group, and the combination of the MMPI Mf scale and the Bem Androgyny Score
      accounted for a small but significantly greater portion of the variance in self
      rated sexual orientation than did the MMPI Mf scale alone. The data support the
      view that M-F may be considered to be a bipolar and probably multidimensional
      variable.

PMID- 690202
TI  - Correlates of depressive mood among normals.
AB  - In order to determine the correlates of depressive mood, members of a women's
      volunteer organization were surveyed by a mailed questionnaire that included the
      Depression Adjective Check List (DACL) Form E and 14 depression-related measures.
      Correlations are presented and discussed. Highest correlations are with measures
      whose relationship to depressive mood are most clear.

PMID- 690203
TI  - The relationship between depression and self-concept discrepancy among different
      generations of Japanese-American women.
AB  - Investigated the relationship between real-ideal self-concept discrepancy and
      depression among different generations and age groups of Japanese-American women
      in Hawaii. In contrast to the numerous results with Caucasian Ss, the present
      findings revealed that self-concept discrepancy and depression are related
      positively for certain generations (i.e., Nisel, young Sansei), but not others
      (i.e., old Sansei, Yonsei). It was speculated that the differences were due to
      acculturative and historical experiences that mediated personality pattern
      development. The findings also point out the ethnocentricity of one of the most
      supported notions in Western psychology (i.e., the relationship between self
      concept discrepancy and maladjustment).

PMID- 690204
TI  - Machiavellianism and clinical depression in a geriatric sample.
AB  - Administered a test of Machiavellianism to 20 clinically depressed
      psychogeriatric and 20 non-depressed psychogeriatric patients. Non-depressed
      males were significantly more Machiavellian than were non-depressed females.
      Depression in males, then, may be of a more self-aggressive, self-destructive
      nature, whereas depression in females may be expressed in more emotionally
      detached attitudes and manipulative behaviors.

PMID- 690205
TI  - Personality correlates of attitude toward death.
AB  - Examined the interrelationships of two scales of attitudes toward death with four
      measures of personality: the Manifest Anxiety Scale, the Novelty Experiencing
      Scale, the Marlow-Crowne Social Desirability Scale, and the Internal-External
      Orientation Scale. Ss were 142 volunteer males enrolled in introductory
      psychology courses. A correlation of .72 was found between the Death Concern
      Scale and the Death Anxiety Scale. In addition, both scales showed the same
      pattern of correlations with the four personality measures. The highest
      correlations were found between death attitude and the manifest anxiety scores
      and the external-internal orientation scores. The importance of including these
      factors when one is interpreting death attitude scores was stressed, as well as
      the need for research to establish that these scales measures an anxiety or
      concern above and beyond general anxiety.

PMID- 690206
TI  - Use of the Leiter International Performance Scale with adult aphasics.
AB  - Considered whether the Leiter International Performances Scales (LIPS), a general
      intelligence test used successfully with Ss age 2-18, can be adapted for use with
      aphasic adults. Six aphasic adults and 6 matched controls were given the Reitan
      Indians Screening Test of Aphasia and the LIPS. Results showed that the aphasic
      sample had total test scores comparable with the control group; however, the
      aphasic group required approximately 66% more time than the controls to complete
      the test. It was concluded that further work is merited based on the following
      results: (1) the test provided a sufficient range of difficulty so that each S
      errored on  at least one-fourth of the test items; (2) the test could be given to
      the adult aphasics within a feasible time frame; (3) the aphasic adults were able
      to work with the test materials despite visual defects and hemiparesis of the
      dominant side; (4) feasible modifications can be made in the test.

PMID- 690207
TI  - Personaltiy correlates of the joy of life.
AB  - Hypothesized that greater diversity of joy and more intense levels of joy would
      be associated with low hopelessness, high sensation seeking the perception of the
      world as just, and high sensitization as compared with high repression. It also
      was predicted that female Ss would score higher in sources of joy and in
      intensity as compared to males. One hundred and thirty-four college students were
      administered the Joy of Life Scale, Hopelessness Scale, Sensation Seeking Scale,
      Just World Scale, and Revised Repression-Sensitization Scale. The hypothesis was
      supported for sensation seeking in that High Sensation Seekers assigned
      significantly (p less than .05) higher mean intensity ratings to experiences that
      produced joy of life, than did Low Sensation Seekers. Contrary to expectation,
      there was a nonsignificant trend for sensitizers, when compared with repressors,
      to select fewer joy-related experiences and to evaluate these experiences as less
      joyful. The experiences that most often led to high levels of joy were those
      referrable to positive emotional events.

PMID- 690208
TI  - The measurement of psychological states by use of factors derived from a
      combination of items from mood and symptom checklists.
AB  - The similarities in structure and usage of two widely used adjective checklists,
      the Profile of Mood States (POMS) and Symptom Checklist (SCL), suggested the
      feasibility of pooling the items from the two scales into a single factor
      analysis. This procedure was clinically appealing, statistically sound, and
      provided an efficient method to reduce and refine assessments of psychopathology.
      Data from 413 Miami Symptomatic Volunteers were used in this factor analysis.
      Nine factor dimensions were found to meet the dual criteria of statistical
      salience and clinical meaningfulness. The results demonstrated the factorial
      stability of the SCL and the POMS and identified the dimensions of
      psychopathology in which items from the two scales tended to complement each
      other in factor structure. Some factors were found to be unique to each scale. In
      addition, it was found that pooling the items from both scales yielded two new
      factor dimensions that were not previously available from either of the
      individual scales.

PMID- 690209
TI  - Personality measurement in parents of retarded and emotionally disturbed
      children: a replication.
AB  - Replicated Erickson's (1968, 1969) studies that compared MMPI profiles of parents
      of emotionally and behaviorally disturbed (ED), mentally retarded (MR), and non
      clinic (N) children. In general, Erickson's findings that the MR and ED parents
      did not differ, but that both showed elevated profiles relative to N, were
      confirmed. The results were interpreted to provide partial supporter for
      Erickson's "stress reaction hypothesis," whereby the well-known clinic parent
      MMPI elevations presumably reflect the parents' stress as a result of having a
      disturbed or handicapped child.

PMID- 690210
TI  - Trait and state anxiety in Israeli student athletes.
AB  - Examined trait anxiety in three groups of Israeli physical education students
      (N=251): competitors in individual sports, in team sports, and noncompetitors.
      The measure was the Spielberger, Gorsuch, and Lushene Trait Anxiety Scale (1970).
      Both groups of competitive athletes were lower in trait anxiety than
      noncompetitors. In addition, the two groups of competitive athletes were compared
      on State Anxiety as measured by the Spielberger scale and a physiological measure
      of heart rate. There were no differences in state anxiety among competitive
      athletes. Women competitive athletes were higher in trait, but not in state,
      anxiety. A high correlation was found between the psychometric and physiological
      measures of state anxiety.

PMID- 690211
TI  - Common factors in two methods for assessing psychiatric inpatients.
AB  - Repeated measures were collected on 99 patients by use of two assessment
      instruments, the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, based on an interview, and the
      Psychotic Inpatient Profile, based on observations of ward behavior. For each S,
      scores from the two instruments were matched for day of rating and
      intercorrelated. Factor analysis revealed two factors, each with substantial
      contributions from both rating instruments. The first factor, interpreted as
      measuring thought disorder, accounted for 19% of the total varlance. The second
      factor, termed mood disorder, accounted for 12% of the variance. A third factor
      accounted for an additional 9% of variance, but had high loadings only on scales
      of the BPRS.

PMID- 690212
TI  - Behavioral correlates for within-normal-limit MMPI profiles with and without
      elevated K in students at a university  mental health center.
AB  - Young adults who were attending a college student mental health center and who
      obtained MMPI profiles with clinical scales within normal limits with and without
      elevated K were compared to all other patients at the center on 175 descriptors
      obtained from intake interviews. Those items that discriminated (x2, p less than
      .05) students who obtained these profile types from others are reported as
      tentative MMPI interpretive correlates for patients in similar settings.
      Correlates ranged from those indicative of situational difficulties to serious
      psychopathology, and clear sex differences were present. It is concluded that
      within-normal-limit profiles do not indicate psychological normality when they
      occur in such a setting and that useful interpretive information can be
      identified for these, as well as clinically elevated profile types.

PMID- 690213
TI  - Application of the Process Scoring System to waking, dream and therapy reports.
AB  - Extended the Process Scoring System, originally developed for measuring dream
      dynamics and content, to waking and therapy experiences and applied it in a study
      of 5 new and 5 experienced Ss in an intensive outpatient psychotherapy. Two areas
      were examined: First, differences on process and content variables related to
      length of time in therapy and, second, the parallel relationship in these
      variables between waking, dream, and therapy experiences. The Process Scoring
      System proved useful in measuring these variables in all three types of
      experiences. The results indicated significant differences between the new and
      experienced patients and measurable interaction between the waking, dream, and
      therapy areas.

PMID- 690214
TI  - The effects of videotape feedback on self-concept, role-playing ability, and
      growth in a leaderless therapy group.
AB  - Thirty-two male and female college students participated in six 90-minute
      leaderless encounter groups in which they received videotape feedback, leader
      facilitated videotape feedback, or verbal feedback. Statistical analysis
      indicated that feedback through a visual medium had no effect on self-concept,
      role-playing ability, or group coherence. Groups within the experimental
      conditions were initially different in their ratings on the dependent measures.
      These differences were maintained throughout the experiment.

PMID- 690215
TI  - Individual differences in self-reported sleep variable correlations among
      nightmare sufferers.
AB  - Previous research has suggested relationships between anxiety and nightmares and
      between nightmares and other sleep difficulties by relating measures across Ss.
      In the present experiment, students who reported two or more nightmares per week
      and who were participating in a treatment study recorded anxiety ratings and
      sleep observations for 8 weeks. Correlational analyses of the diurnal measures
      revealed within-S support for both relationships. Individual differences in the
      pattern of significant correlations and their treatment implications are
      discussed.

PMID- 690216
TI  - Success of cathartic therapy as a function of patient variables.
AB  - Treated sample of 42 patients with cathartic psychotherapy and evaluated
      differential effectiveness on types of patients. Patients without mental
      disorders experienced more emotional catharsis than all others, and those with
      obsessive compulsive personality disorders improved more than all others as a
      result of emotive treatment. Contrary to popular notions, neither women nor
      hysterics experienced more catharsis or improved more in cathartic therapy.
      Although women and hysterics may cry more easily in daily life, obsessives are
      apparently more able to maintain focus on unhappy experiences and are therefore
      able to express more emotion in cathartic therapy. Furthermore, it seems that
      cathartic treatment is beneficial by disrupting long-standing defenses against
      emotional experiences, rather than by releasing stored-up affects.

PMID- 690217
TI  - Early memories and dream recall.
AB  - Investigated the relationship of very early memories and current dream recall.
      Data on early memories--for the first 3 years of life and for ages 4 through 6-
      were obtained by questionnaire. Dream reports were recorded at home over a 9
      night period. A positive relationship was found between the number of nights for
      which dreams were recorded and memories reported for ages 4 through 6. Dream
      report was unrelated to memories reported for the first 3 years of life.

PMID- 690218
TI  - The use of Goal Attainment Scaling to evaluate a ward treatment program for
      disturbed children.
AB  - Goal Attainment Scaling was used with behaviorally disturbed inpatient children.
      Staff generally underpredicted success of outcome, but were overly optimistic
      with four types of presenting problems and three types of goal areas. The
      evaluation procedure made important contributions to the processes of diagnosis
      and treatment planning.

PMID- 690219
TI  - Goal clarity as a component of assertive behavior and a result of assertion
      training.
AB  - Eighty Ss were given the Rathus assertion schedule and a separate test in which
      their clarity of goals in various interpersonal situation was assessed. It was
      found that there was a direct relationship between assertion and goal clarity
      scores; more assertive Ss had greater goal clarity. The Rathus assertion schedule
      and half of the goal clarity test were administered to 24 Ss, who then were
      assigned randomly to 10 sessions of either an assertion training group or an
      insight therapy group. After treatment, the Rathus assertion schedule and the
      other half of the goal clarity test were administered to the 24 Ss. While there
      was no difference between the two groups prior to treatment, after treatment the
      assertion group demonstrated significantly greater goal clarity and significantly
      greater change on the Rathus assertion schedule than did the insight group.

PMID- 690220
TI  - Psychotherapy preferences as a function of Ss' conceptual systems.
AB  - Examined the relationship between conceptual systems and preferences for
      behavioral or client-centered approaches to therapy. One hundred and forty
      college students were administered measures of their conceptual systems and of
      their therapy preferences; the latter included descriptions of the two therapies.
      Two weeks later, they were exposed to audiotaped excerpts of one of the two
      therapies and afterward indicated again their preferences between the two
      therapies. It was hypothesized that therapy preferences would be distributed
      nonrandomly across conceptual systems, with a greater proportion of persons in
      the more abstract systems who preferred client-centered approaches than in the
      more concrete conceptual systems. This hypothesis was supported at the .001
      level. It also was found that therapy preferences were relatively stable, with
      very few Ss who actually changed their perferences after they had listened to the
      demonstration tapes.

PMID- 690221
TI  - Simplified use of the semantic differential to measure psychotherapy outcome.
AB  - To initially establish the validity and utility of a simplified use of the
      Semantic Differential to measure psychotherapy outcome, 14 clients were
      administered, before and after 15 sessions of individual psychotherapy, the
      Semantic Differential and a symptom checklist. As predicted, results indicated
      that change of clients' self-constructs in a positive direction was associated
      with symptom reduction. Implications for psychotherapy research are discussed.

PMID- 690222
TI  - Rorschach suicide predictors: a crossvalidational study.
AB  - Attempted to replicate previously reported findings that individuals who commit
      suicide give a greater number of transparency and cross-sectional responses on
      the Rorschach than matched nonsuicidal Ss. In addition, a variety of other
      scoring categories reported in the literature as being more frequent in suicidal
      Ss were compared for suicidal individuals and their matched controls. However,
      neither the transparency and cross-sectional category nor the other response
      classifications differentiated the groups. Social class and/or IQ differences in
      the samples used were suggested as a reason for the failure to replicate the
      earlier study on cross-sectional and transparency scores.

PMID- 690223
TI  - Psychological and physiological changes during tobacco-abstinence in habitual
      smokers.
AB  - Effects of 4 days of abstinence from tobacco smoking were examined in 11 habitual
      smokers at their usual place of work and related to smoking habits and attitudes
      toward smoking as studied with the aid of a questionnaire. Results showed that
      adrenaline and noradrenaline excretion decreased, while performance on cognitive
      tests was unaffected. Irritation, disturbances in social relations and
      activities, and lack of needed social support were shown and reported frequently.

PMID- 690224
TI  - Alpha biofeedback therapy in alcoholics: an 18-month follow-up.
AB  - In an earlier study on patients with alcohol problems, an experimental group
      given 10 hour-long alpha biofeedback training sessions showed greater improvement
      on State and Trait Anxiety scores than did a control sample. In the present study
      an 18-month follow-up was done on those Ss. The differences between the
      experimentals and controls in State and Trait Anxiety after 18 months were
      essentially identical to the differences between them immediately after
      treatment, which indicates that alpha training had long-range therapeutic
      effects. A difference between the groups on the Alcohol Rehabilitation Followup
      Questionnaire also suggested that alpha training may have been associated with
      some reduction in alcohol consumption as well.

PMID- 690225
TI  - Systems releasing action therapy with alcoholics: an experimental evaluation.
AB  - Described Systems Releasing Action Therapy (SRAT) and a controlled study that
      evaluated its effectiveness. The therapy combines physical and fantasy exercises
      and has its roots in the Bioenergetic and Gestalt traditions. To evaluate its
      effectiveness, 56 patients who were receiving treatment for alcoholism were
      assigned randomly to therapy and control groups. On 3-week follow-up, the therapy
      sample showed significantly more improvement than the controls on measures of
      blood pressure, physical symptoms, anxiety, hysteroid tendencies, disturbed
      feelings and self-image. Suggestive differences (interactions significant only at
      the .20 level) in favor of the therapy group also appeared on measures of vital
      capacity withdrawal, excessive drinking, anhedonia and four neurosis-oriented
      MMPI scales. However, 6-month follow-up data were relatively unimpressive. The
      results suggest this type of therapy is an effective one, at least for the short
      term.

PMID- 690226
TI  - Odor and marijuana intoxication.
AB  - Assigned 48 volunteer adult males to four groups: a marijuana high dose, a
      marijuana low dose, a placebo, and a coltsfoot group. Each S participated in two
      80-minute sessions; one involved listening to music, socializing, and smoking the
      drug, and the second was identical to the first with the addition of two extra
      placebo cigarettes which contained finely cut amounts of human hair. The odor of
      burning hair was rated previously as quite aversive by non-intoxicated Ss.
      Contrary to expectation, Ss in the odor condition indicated on self-ratings that
      they became significantly more intoxicated after the smoking of the hair
      cigarette. The opposite effect was found with a pulse rate measure. An additional
      24 Ss were divided into high and low dose marijuana groups and run in an odor
      session, in which they were informed prior to smoking of the hair content. Heart
      rate for these Ss decreased significantly more than for the comparable uninformed
      Ss, although self-ratings continued to reflect increased intoxication.

PMID- 690227
TI  - A further look at the Institutionalized Chronic Alcoholic Scale.
AB  - Investigated a newly developed MMPI scale--the Institutionalized Chronic Alcohol
      Scale (ICAS)--designed to separate alcoholics from neurotics. With a sample of 75
      alcoholic and 50 neurotic male Veterans Administration Hospital inpatients, the
      ICAS was found to separate the two groups, correctly identifying 78%, but was
      slightly less effective than two other previously used alcoholism scales by
      MacAndrew (Amac) and Holmes (Am). Data from 30 male Veterans Administration
      Hospital heroin addicts lend some support to the statement, which appears in the
      original article, that the ICAS should not be used to distinguish between
      alcoholics and people other than neurotics.

PMID- 690228
TI  - Goal choice of alcoholics: a comparison of those who choose total abstinence vs.
      those who choose responsible, controlled drinking.
AB  - Examined possible pre-treatment differences between alcoholic veterans who choose
      total abstinence and those who choose responsible drinking as their drinking
      goal. The two groups were compared on a variety of behavioral, cognitive,
      affective, and demographic characteristics. It was found that those who choose
      responsible drinking had a significantly shorter history of abusive drinking (6.5
      years vs. 11.5 years) and more education (12.5 years vs. 10.8 years). In
      addition, the responsible drinking group showed a stronger belief that their
      chance for success was 100%.

PMID- 690229
TI  - Comparison of two alcoholism scales with alcoholics and their wives.
AB  - Both partners in 36 alcoholic marriages responded to two different alcoholism
      scales, the Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test and the MacAndrew Alcoholism
      Scale. Multiple regression analysis determined that each scale was predicted
      differentially, but that characteristics of the wives accounted for considerable
      variance of the husbands' test scores and vice versa.

PMID- 690230
TI  - A comparison of moral reasoning in drug addicts and nonaddicts.
AB  - Assessed moral reasoning of 20 male addict patients and 17 nonprofessional male
      hospital employees by Kohlberg's methods. The mean level of moral reasoning of
      the drug addict group (2.97) was not found to differ significantly from that of
      the nonaddict comparison group (2.88). Furthermore, moral reasoning in addicts
      was not found to be related significantly to a number of background and
      personality characteristics. The findings, therefore, indicated that moral
      reasoning and moral behavior are not related significantly in drug addicts. It
      was concluded that the deviant behavior of this group is more likely the result
      of a deficiency in ego controls.

PMID- 690231
TI  - Will clinical psychology survive in the Soviet Union?
AB  - Sovient psychologists who are working in clinics and psychiatric dispensaries
      call themselves "pathopsychologists," and they are, at present, in a rather
      difficult position. This paper will attempt to outline the position of clinical
      psychologists in the Soviet Union (USSR) and the nature of their problems and,
      also, to give an impression of (1) the tasks of clinical psychologists; (2) their
      struggle to regain the status of an independent profession; and (3) their
      struggle to keep clinical psychology an independent science.

PMID- 690232
TI  - Utilization of offender case information by "lenient" vs. "punitive" clinicians.
AB  - Presentence evaluations conducted by psychologists and psychiatrists (clinicians)
      and correctional counselors (caseworkers) were subjected to multiple regression
      analyses in order to specify the relative contribution of inmate characteristics
      (offense severity and recidivism probability) and decision-maker response biases
      to sentencing recommendations. Although both groups of decision-makers showed a
      response bias effect for cases that were difficult to discriminate, the effect
      was generally larger for clinicians than for caseworkers. Response bias (lenient
      vs. punitive) was not associated with type of clinical judgment model (linear vs.
      configural) or predictability of recommendation, although it was associated with
      the degree of relative weighting of the two independent variables and, in the
      case of extremely punitive decision-makers, with the tendency to utilize only one
      evaluative dimension (offense severity) to the exclusion of the other.
      Furthermore, it was found that inmates who committed the most serious offenses
      were exposed selectively to those decision-makers most likely both to place
      exclusive emphasis on offense severity and to recommend relatively punitive case
      dispositions. The need for an accountability system designed to minimize the
      effects of the response biases of correctional decision-makers was discussed.

PMID- 690233
TI  - Flucloxacillin in bone.
AB  - Ten patients undergoing total hip replacement for osteoarthritis were each given
      intramuscular flucloxacillin about two hours preoperatively; bone and serum were
      sampled simultaneously at operation. Trabecular and compact bone were separated,
      partly dried, reduced to powders, and then extracted with buffer. The
      concentration of flucloxacillin in bone washings and serum was determined by well
      diffusion assay. The mean concentration of flucloxacillin in serum was 8.9 mg/l,
      in trabecular bone washings, 1.3 mg/l, and in compact bone washings 0.9 mg/l. The
      amount of blood contaminating the bone washings was measured, and was calculated
      to account for at most 26% of the flucloxacillin present. The significance of
      these findings is discussed in relation to the prophylactic use of flucloxacillin
      in hip replacement surgery.

PMID- 690234
TI  - Quantitative histology in giardiasis.
AB  - The Weibel graticule was used to assess quantitatively histological changes in
      proximal jejunal mucosal biopsies from patients with Giardia lamblia infections.
      Most had malabsorption. A group of patients who had mild abdominal symptoms but
      no intestinal infection and normal absorption were the controls. There were
      significant differences in mean surface area (SA) measurements between patients
      with giardiasis and severe malabsorption and controls (P less than 0.001) and
      infected patients with normal absorption (P less than 0.05). SA measurements
      correlated significantly with D-xylose excretion results (r = 0.55; P less than
      0.01) and daily facal fat output (r = -0.61; P less than 0.001). Significant
      correlations between duration of symptoms and SA measurements (r = 0.43; P less
      than 0.05) and D-xylose excretion (r = 0.43; P less than 0.05) in giardiasis
      suggest that histological and functional impairment are maximal soon after
      infection and resolve in time. Treatment with metronidazole or mepacrine was
      associated with a significant increase in SA (P less than 0.05) in patients with
      severe malabsorption but there was little change in SA in a similar group of
      patients who received tetracycline. The Weibel graticule was found to be useful
      in assessing the severity of histological changes and in following changes after
      treatment.

PMID- 690235
TI  - Upper respiratory tract and aural flora of saturation divers.
AB  - The conditions of helium saturation diving promote the proliferation of Gram
      negative bacterial species in the external auditory meatus of divers. These
      changes in flora occurred in the absence of operational diving, that is, no
      contact with water. The colonising bacteria were autogenous in origin and cross
      colonisation was observed between divers. On return to normal atmospheric
      conditions the aural flora became predominantly Gram-positive again within 48
      hours.

PMID- 690236
TI  - Detection of rubella haemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) and virus-specific IgM
      antibody using trypsin-treated human group O erythrocytes in the HAI test.
AB  - The modification of the standard rubella haemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) test
      using trypsin-treated human group O erythrocytes instead of chick erythrocytes
      was evaluated. In a comparative study we found that, of 816 samples tested by
      both methods, the titres of 807 (98.9%) sera were in close agreement within an
      acceptable twofold difference. Trypsin-treated human group O erythrocytes usually
      provided titres that were twofold higher than those obtained with chick
      erythrocytes. In general, a very good correlation between the two methods was
      obtained. Data are presented that emphasise the importance of trypsin treatment
      of human group O erythrocytes before use in the HAI method. Furthermore, we found
      that trypsin-treated human group O erythrocytes can be stored for periods of up
      to 30 days and used in the HAI test without any appreciable loss of sensitivity
      or specificity. Moreover, we replaced chick erythrocytes with trypsin-treated
      human group O erythrocytes in the sucrose density gradient/HAI method used for
      the detection of rubella virus-specific IgM and found it to be a very
      satisfactory method. In view of these findings we recommend that trypsin-treated
      human group O erythrocytes should replace chick erythrocytes in the standard
      rubella HAI test since the former provided not only a more sensitive, more
      economic, and less time-consuming method but also a technique which is as
      specific as that using chick erythrocytes.

PMID- 690237
TI  - Measurement of ferritin in serum by radioimmunoassay.
AB  - A method for the measurement of circulating ferritin concentrations by direct
      radioimmunoassay is presented. The method described is simple to operate,
      precise, and sensitive and is suitable for the routine diagnostic measurement of
      ferritin in either plasma or serum.

PMID- 690238
TI  - Bone marrow cellularity assessed by point-counting.
AB  - A simple method for rapid point-counting of bone marrow biopsies is described;
      the method gave an accurate assessment of cellularity in 100 aspiration biopsy
      specimens. Measurements of marrow cellularity by the visual point-counting
      technique correlated well with those obtained with a Quantimet 720 image
      analysing computer.

PMID- 690239
TI  - Giant lymph node hyperplasia of the mediastinum and refractory anaemia.
AB  - An example is described of the syndrome of refractory anaemia in association with
      the plasma cell variant of giant lymph node hyperplasia of the mediastinum; the
      anaemia responded to removal of the lymphoid mass. The entity of giant lymph node
      hyperplasia is discussed and its relationship to the haematological syndrome is
      considered.

PMID- 690240
TI  - A pseudolymphomatous reaction in soft tissue associated with phenytoin sodium.
AB  - A pseudolymphomatous reaction involving subcutaneous tissue and underlying
      skeletal muscle is described in a woman who was receiving phenytoin sodium and
      phenobarbitone. The histological appearance was of nodular, densely cellular
      tissue composed of histiocytes, plasma cells, lymphocytes, fibroblasts, and
      occasional polymorphonuclear cells. The significance of this finding is briefly
      considered in relation to the existing literature.

PMID- 690241
TI  - Splenic lipidosis after administration of intravenous fat emulsions.
AB  - Spleens showing fatty infiltration and necrosis of the pulp were found at
      necropsy on several patients who had received intravenous fat emulsions during
      their terminal illnesses. The postmortem findings are described and the
      clinicopathological correlation is discussed with special reference to the
      phenomenon of creaming of the emulsion.

PMID- 690242
TI  - Serum total lipids, lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein A in acute viral
      hepatitis and chronic liver disease.
AB  - Serum total lipids, lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein A (Apo A), and liver
      function tests have been investigated in patients with acute viral hepatitis and
      chronic liver disease. Hypertriglyceridaemia, absence of alpha and pre beta bands
      on the lipoprotein electrophoresis pattern, low level of Apo A, and presence of
      abnormal lipoproteins (beta-VLDL and beta2-LP) were observed in the early phase
      of acute hepatitis. A positive correlation was found between Apo A and high
      density lipoprotein cholesterol, and a negative one between Apo A and
      triglyceride, bile acids, total bilirubin, and serum alanine aminotransferase.
      Lipoprotein abnormalities found in the early phase of acute hepatitis are
      probably due to low lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase activity. The
      reappearance of alpha lipoprotein and the increase of Apo A are sensitive indices
      of improvement of liver function. In chronic liver disease low levels of
      cholesterol and Apo A indicate the severity of liver cell injury.

PMID- 690244
TI  - The liver and pancreas in acute necrotising pancreatitis.
AB  - Pancreatic fibrosis was found in 23 of 31 cases of acute necrotising and
      haemorrhagic pancreatitis; however, in the cases with a history of six days or
      less neither the extent nor the frequency of fibrosis differed significantly from
      those in controls. There was no histological evidence that duct or vascular
      lesions are necessary for the disease to occur. The liver was examined in 26
      cases and showed cholestasis in 12, including 10 of 20 cases without a biliary
      aetiology and only two of six cases with biliary tract disease. In no case did
      the liver show specific features of alcoholic damage.

PMID- 690243
TI  - A clinicopathological study of liver disease in haemophiliacs.
AB  - Chronic liver disease is not often reported in patients with haemophilia.
      Although a high incidence of abnormal liver function tests has been reported, the
      clinical significance of these findings and their relation to chronic liver
      disease cannot be established without a liver biopsy. The results of this
      procedure, carried out in 11 patients with severe haemophilia A and B, in whom
      SGOT had been persistently raised for three years, are reported. Five patients
      had chronic active hepatitis, four had chronic persistent hepatitis, one had
      cirrhosis, and one alcoholic hepatitis. No haemorrhagic complication followed the
      biopsy procedure, which was carried out in patients given prophylactic clotting
      factor concentrates. These results suggest that duration of abnormal liver
      function tests is likely to represent liver disease in haemophiliacs, and that
      biopsy should be considered to establish the diagnosis and plan a suitable
      therapeutic programme.

PMID- 690245
TI  - Remote metastases from intracranial tumours.
AB  - A review of the primary tumours of the nervous system encountered over the past
      16 years from the population of the west of Scotland uncovered only three tumours
      in which remote extracranial metastases had developed. In all three, there had
      been surgical intervention before the appearance of metastases. The findings in
      these patients are compared with those in other published accounts of this
      unusual complication.

PMID- 690247
TI  - Cell counting in gut mucosa.

PMID- 690246
TI  - An aid to the preliminary identification of non-sporing anaerobes.

PMID- 690248
TI  - Bioavailability of digitalis glycosides.

PMID- 690249
TI  - Comparative effects of chronic ethanol and acetaldehyde exposure on myocardial
      function in rats.
AB  - This study was conducted to compare separately the chronic effects of high blood
      levels of ethanol and acetaldehyde on the metabolism of the heart. Levels of
      ethanol and acetaldehyde were altered by administration of either 4
      methylpyrazole (4-MP), a potent alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor, or pargyline
      (PAR), a monoamine oxidase inhibitor that markedly increases acetaldehyde levels
      in the blood following ethanol administration. Measurements were made in rats
      consuming ethanol for three to four weeks. Mitochondrial respiration, in vitro
      contractility of glycerinated heart muscle fibers, and myocardial protein
      synthesis were determined. As compared to animals receiving only ethanol,
      administration of either-4-methyl-pyrazole or pargyline plus ethanol resulted in
      more severe damage to mitochondrial respiration and myocardial protein synthesis.
      The data illustrate that both acetaldehyde and ethanol in high concentrations can
      cause severe damage to myocardial metabolism.

PMID- 690250
TI  - Procainamide accumulation kinetics in the immediate postmyocardial infarction
      period.
AB  - The rate of change of plasma procainamide concentration during 36 hours of
      constant-rate intravenous infusion was examined in five acute myocardial
      infarction patients. It was observed that a steady-state plasma concentration was
      established in about 16 hours, which is consistent with simulations of plasma
      concentrations based on pharmacokinetic constants obtained from studies in young
      healthy volunteers. However, the steady-state level that was attained in these
      patients was markedly higher than that which the simulations predicted. Thus, on
      the average, acute myocardial infarction patients have lower total body
      clearances of procainamide than normal volunteers.

PMID- 690251
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of prazosin in man.
AB  - Prazosin was administered orally to 24 normotensive human subjects in the form of
      capsules or as a solution. Plasma concentrations indicate that drug is almost
      completely bioavailable from the capsules, although levels peak more slowly than
      from drug in solution. Drug leaves plasma with a half-life of approximately 2.3
      hours. Examination of data from each subject on repeated dosing indicates
      considerable intrasubject consistency in pharmacokinetic response despite
      intersubject variability. The absence of the pharmacologically active metabolites
      in plasma suggests that the hypotensive response derives from drug only. Prazosin
      is bound to human plasma proteins to the extent of 97%.

PMID- 690252
TI  - The diuretic response in normal volunteers to a new benzylamine, 2-aminomethyl-4
      (1,1-dimethylethyl)-6-iodophenol HCl.
AB  - A phase I dose-response study of 2-aminomethyl-4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-6-iodophenol
      HCl (MK-447) was performed with the following oral doses: 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, and
      100 mg. Each volunteer served as his own control. The study was carried out in
      double-blind fashion on a 5-Gm Na and K diet with a minimum 2000 ml fluid intake.
      Urine was fractionated and analyzed for sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium,
      uric acid, and volume. Comparisons (MK-447 minus control values) of the 24-hour
      total sodium, calcium, potassium, and volume excretion rates at 6.25, 25 and 100
      mg MK-447 were as follows: sodium, 195, 345, and 528 muEq/min; chloride, 191,
      365, and 756 muEq/min; potassium, 77, -3, and 65 muEq/min; and volumes, 1, 3.4
      and 11.7 ml/min. MK-447 did not alter calcium excretion. Uric acid excretion was
      observed to decrease as the dose of MK-447 was increased, however, the serum uric
      acid level always remained within normal limits. MK-447 did not alter the
      physiologic parameters but did produce symptoms of volume contraction at 100 mg.
      Because no further dose increase was attempted, a plateau in the dose-response
      curve was not reached. Comparison of 100 mg MK-447 with 80 mg oral furosemide
      revealed similar potency and a somewhat longer duration of action for MK-447.

PMID- 690253
TI  - Serum concentrations and inhibitory ratios during amikacin therapy of gram
      negative infections.
AB  - The ratio of the peak serum concentration after a 500-mg dose of amikacin to the
      pathogen minimum inhibitory concentration was determined for 95 patients under
      treatment for serious Gram-negative infections. There were 113 such ratios. The
      relationship of this inhibitory ratio to the clinical effectiveness and side
      effects of treatment with this new aminoglycoside was also studied. Mean peak
      serum concentration of drug was 25.8 microgram/ml, and mean inhibitory ratio was
      13.0. Ninety-six per cent of inhibitory ratios were greater than or equal to 1.0.
      Therapy was rated totally effective in 85% of patients clinically evaluated and
      partially effective in 3%. Signs of renal or eighth cranial nerve impairment
      attributable to drug administration were confined to only two patients, and there
      were no other side effects. The reliability of amikacin therapy appears to be
      related to dependable serum levels and high inhibitory ratios.

PMID- 690254
TI  - Social learning theory of aggression.

PMID- 690255
TI  - Film violence and verbal aggression: a naturalistic study.

PMID- 690256
TI  - Who views violence in Britain?

PMID- 690257
TI  - Cultural indicators: violence profile no. 9.

PMID- 690259
TI  - Beyond enthusiasm.

PMID- 690258
TI  - Sexual intimacy and drug use in TV series.

PMID- 690260
TI  - Physician and patient assessment of ambulatory care in a University facility.

PMID- 690261
TI  - Health maintenance organizations, 1971--1977: issues and answers.
AB  - Promoting HMOs as part of a national health strategy began in 1971. An analysis
      of the data that have been accumulated in the intervening years sheds new light
      on the issues raised during the legislative hearings prior to the HMO Act of
      1973. It describes the developmental process of the HMO program and suggests
      procedural modifications. It illustrates the difficulty of determining HMO
      viability during the early stages of operation, examines the varied hospital
      utilization rates of prepaid group practices and individual practice models, and
      suggests a hypothesis based on the dynamics of group process and peer pressure
      for HMO provider behavior.

PMID- 690262
TI  - The influence of training level and practice setting on patterns of primary care
      provided by nursing personnel.
AB  - The influence that the level of training and practice setting have on the
      patterns of primary care provided by nurses at the Frontier Nursing Service (FNS)
      is assessed. The Frontier Nursing Service is the only available source the
      residents of Leslie County, Kentucky have for primary care; it utilizes nurses
      for the management of approximately 80% of its primary care patients. Patterns of
      care given by family nurse practitioners and registered nurses at FNS during 1974
      were analyzed according to two tracer conditions, otitis media and urinary tract
      infection. Data were obtained from the encounter forms that are filled out for
      all primary care visits to FNS. Computerized routines were developed to group the
      relevant encounters into episodes of care for the two tracer conditions. Results
      indicate that the practice setting, rather than the level of training, has the
      strongest effect on the patterns of primary care rendered by nurses in a rural
      environment such as FNS.

PMID- 690263
TI  - The future of home health agencies.
AB  - A multidisciplinary, multi-institutional, volunteer task force was convened by
      the Visiting Nurse Association (VNA) of Los Angeles to perform an evaluation of
      the agency and, on the basis of the evaluation, to make recommendations regarding
      the future potential of home health service agencies in the United States. For
      the VNA of Los Angeles, this use of a voluntary task force as a planning
      mechanism was successful; we strongly recommend its application to other
      agencies. The recommendations made were specific to the VNA of Los Angeles, but
      many are applicable to home health agencies in general. They called for an
      expansion of the types of services currently offered, with an emphasis on the
      coordinated team approach to health problems, an increased emphasis on preventive
      and health education services, and a movement toward providing services to groups
      as well as individual home care patients. The task force also urged willingness
      to expand services to include primary care. Modern management techniques were
      recommended as tools to increase the efficiency of home health service agencies.
      Potential new sources of revenue were proposed.

PMID- 690264
TI  - Screening for hypertension: a rational approach.
AB  - A strategy for the control of hypertension in communities is presented as a
      staged program. Stage I consists of the evaluation and improvement of
      hypertension management in health care facilities. Stage II entails case-finding
      in health care facilities. Finally, Stage III involves targeted screening in the
      community. While isolated screening programs have been justly labeled
      "irrational", such a sequential strategy represents a highly rational approach to
      the community control of hypertension.

PMID- 690265
TI  - Consolidation of community hospitals.
AB  - The largest component of U.S. health care expenditures is the cost of hospital
      care. Evidence seems to indicate that community hospital costs can be reduced
      through the consolidation of some, or even all, hospital services. Although no
      discernible set of relevant minimal costs for the hospital industry has been
      established as yet, significant economies of scale can be attributed to the
      consolidation process. In addition to potential economic benefits, medical
      benefits can also accure to the community as well when inefficient, low-volume
      services are combined to provide more attractive resources to highly qualified
      specialists. Many independent community hospitals operate autonomously, often to
      the detriment of community health needs and economy. Those hospitals that fail to
      take advantage of the opportunities offered by consolidation may not be keeping
      faith with the population they claim to serve.

PMID- 690266
TI  - The afferent connections of the main and the accessory olfactory bulb formations
      in the rat: an experimental HRP-study.
AB  - The afferent connections of the main and accessory olfactory bulbs in the rat
      were examined by injecting horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into one or the other of
      these structures either by microelectrophoresis or by hydraulic pressure.
      Alternate sections were stained with newly developed HRP-procedures using either
      benzidine dihydrochloride (de Olmos and Heimer, '77) or tetramethyl-benzidine.
      Eighteen to twenty-four hours after unilateral HRP injections confined to the
      main olfactory bulb, a large number of HRP-labeled perikaria appeared in the
      following telencephalic structures on the ipsilateral side: All portions of the
      anterior olfactory nucleus (AON) except its external part, the lateral
      transitional field (LT) between AON and the paleocortex, the whole extent of the
      primary olfactory cortex (POC); the medial forebrain bundle area deep to the
      olfactory tubercle, the nucleus of the horizontal limb of the diagonal band
      (NHDB) and the nucleus of the lateral olfactory tract (NLOT). A moderate to small
      number of labeled cells, furthermore, were seen in the dorsal (DT) and medial
      (MT) transition fields, the ventral praecommissural hippocampus (tt2), the
      ventral superficial part of the nucleus of the vertical limb of the diagonal band
      (NVDB), the sublenticular part of the substantia innominata (SI), the anterior
      amygdaloid area, the posterolateral cortical amygdaloid nucleus (C2) and the
      transition region (28 L') between the olfactory cortex and the lateral entorhinal
      area proper. On the contralateral side a large number of labeled cells were found
      in all parts of the AON, with especially heavy labeling in its external part. A
      moderate number of labeled cells could also be detected in the lateral transition
      field (LT) and the NLOT. In the diencephalon and the brain stem a moderate
      number of HRP-labeled perikaria were observed in the dorsal, perifornical, and
      lateral hypothalamus, as well as in locus coeruleus and the dorsal and medial
      raphae nuclei. Following large HRP injections in the main olfactory bulb a
      moderate to small number of labeled cells were seen also in the posterior and
      premammillary hypothalamus and in field CA1 of the retrocommissural hippocampus
      on the ipsilateral side, as well as in POC on the contralateral side. It is
      possible, however, that the uptake of label took place in an undetected pool of
      HRP in the very rostal part of AON rather than in the olfactory bulb. HRP
      injections in the accessory olfactory bulb resulted in labeled neurons in the
      posterior ventro-lateral part of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, the
      nucleus of the accessory olfactory tract, the rostrodorsal portions of the medial
      amygdaloid nucleus, and the whole extent of the posteromedial cortical amygdaloid
      nucleus (C3) on the ipsilateral side. A few lightly labeled cells were seen also
      in the contralateral C3.

PMID- 690267
TI  - Histology and ultrastructure of the carotid sinus in experimental hypertension.
AB  - Histological studies including electron microscopy were performed on the carotid
      sinuses of dogs with renal hypertension of 17 to 82 days duration or hypertension
      of two years secondary to aortic coarctation. Physiological abnormalities in the
      baroreceptors including resetting had been demonstrated before death.
      Histologically there were no qualitative or quantitative differences in the
      intrasinus nerve fibers of the hypertensive animals compared tp controls with
      normal blood pressures, and there was no evidence that baroreceptor degeneration
      occurred as a consequence of the hypertension. Structural lesions confined to the
      intima were evident in the sinus walls of some of the renal hypertensive animals
      whereas the dogs with coarctation showed more advanced sinus wall changes
      including medial calcification and enlargement of the vascular lumen.

PMID- 690268
TI  - Observations on the development of brainstem-spinal systems in the North American
      oppossum.
AB  - The North American oppossum is born 12 to 13 days after conception and and is
      available for 90 days or more in an external pouch where it can be observed and
      experimentally manipulated. It is of particular interest that the hindlimbs of
      the newborn opossum are very immature and remain immobile for a week or more
      after birth. Degeneration techniques reveal that immature brainstem axons are
      present within the marginal zone of the lumbosacral cord before hindlimb
      movements begin (our state I) and material processed for formaldehyde induced
      fluorescence shows that some of them transport monoamines. Several lines of
      evidence suggest that part of the fluorescent axons arise within the nucleus
      locus coeruleus. At this early stage the electron microscope reveals that all
      brainstem-spinal axons are small (0.1--0.4 micrometer in diameter) and
      unmyelinated. By the time random hindlimb movements can be observed (stage II),
      brainstem axons, including those transporting monoamines, can be demonstrated to
      have grown into limited areas of the intermediate zone of the lumbosacral cord
      and to arise from most of the areas contributing to them in the adult animal
      (horseradish peroxidase technique). Such axons are still immature and it is not
      yet clear that they have formed synaptic terminals. Brainstem axons continue to
      grow into the intermediate zone of the lumbosacral cord for some time and come to
      occupy all of their adult territories before thoracic transection produces
      obvious change in hindlimb motility (beginning of stage III). It is still another
      20 days or so before thoracic transection produces spinal shock comparable to
      that in the adult animal. The relatively mature use of the hindlimbs and the full
      expression of spinal shock correlate with changes in the technique and survival
      time needed to demonstrate degenerating brainstem axons in experimental material.

PMID- 690269
TI  - Categories of axons in mammalian rami communicantes. Part II.
AB  - The mammalian rami communicantes consist of preganglionic, postganglionic and
      sensory axons. The present study focusses on the number of sensory axons in the
      midthoracic rami communicantes in the cat. The conclusions are that the white
      rami contain approximately 250 myelinated and 200 unmyelinated sensory axons and
      the grey rami 4 to 5 myelinated and 20 to 25 unmyelinated sensory axons. A
      previous study determined the numbers of pre- and postganglionic fibers in these
      same rami. Thus the total number of axons in these rami are as follows: for the
      grey rami there are: (1) 3,000 to 5,000 unmyelinated postganglionic axons, (2) 25
      myelinated postganglionic axons, (3) 20 to 25 unmyelinated sensory axons and; (4)
      4 to 5 myelinated sensory axons; and for the white rami there are approximately:
      (1) 1,000 unmyelinated preganglionic axons, (2) 1,500 myelinated preganglionic
      axons, (3) 2,000 unmyelinated postganglionic axons, (4) 250 unmyelinated sensory
      axons and (5) 200 myelinated sensory axons. The implications of these findings
      are discussed.

PMID- 690270
TI  - The ultrastructure of the basilar papilla of the chick.
AB  - The basilar papilla of the chicken was studied by transmission and scanning
      electron microscopy. It is composed of two distinct types of hair cells, a tall
      hair cell (THC) and a short hair cell (SHC). Gradual transitions exist between
      these two forms. The THC occurs mainly in the anterior part of the
      neuroepithelium and is situated on the superior fibro-cartilagenous plate, while
      the SHC dominates in the posterior part and is found on the free basilar
      membrane. The THC is a tall columnar cell with an elongated hexagonal apical
      surface. One kinocilium and 150 to 220 stereocilia protrude from the center of
      its surface. The THC makes synaptic contact with several large afferent nerve
      terminals and with small bouton-shaped efferent terminals. The SHC is short and
      thick, having a much wider surface area than the THC. From the inferior part of
      the surface of the SHC 90 to 120 stereocilia protrude, whereas the kinocilium is
      lacking. The nucleus is located near the base of the cell. Small afferent nerve
      terminals and extremely large efferent nerve endings synapse with the SHC.

PMID- 690271
TI  - Morphological and electrophysiological characteristics of projection neurons in
      the nucleus interpositus of the cat cerebellum.
AB  - The populations of neurons in the nucleus interpositus (IP) of the cat cerebellum
      which project to the ventral lateral nucleus of the thalamus (VL), the red
      nucleus (RN), the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis (NRTP), the pontine nuclei
      (PN), the inferior olive (IO), and the cerebellar cortex were identified by
      intracellular and extracellular injections of HRP and studied
      electrophysiologically. When HRP was simultaneously injected into the VL, RN, and
      IO, over 95% of the neurons in the IP nuclei were labeled; indicating that there
      are few, if any, local circuit neurons. The vast majority (86%) of the larger IP
      neurons (soma length greater than or equal to 20 micrometer) project rostrally to
      the RN and thalamus. These neurons typically have long, relatively spine free
      dendrites and axons which in a few cases gave rise to recurrent collaterals. Two
      intracellularly stained projection neurons which had exceptionally long spiny
      dendrites had axons which gave rise to nucleocortical collaterals in addition to
      several local collaterals. IP neurons projecting to the NRTP and PN were located
      primarily in the lateral aspect of the nucleus interpositus anterior.
      Electrophysiological experiments established that neurons projecting to the NRTP
      also project to the VL. The IP neurons projecting to the IO have small fusiform
      or multipolar somata, long thin dendrites, and receive excitatory inputs from the
      IO. At least 73% of the small neurons in the IP project to the IO, and some of
      these, in addition, project to the VL. There are at least three morphologically
      distinguishable populations of projection neurons, small IO projections neurons,
      and neurons with nucleocortical collaterals. The projection of the IP to diverse
      regions of the brain is accomplished mainly by axon collateralization, but
      regional and morphological specialization also play a role in the organization of
      the output of the IP.

PMID- 690272
TI  - Nuclei of the solitary tract: efferent projections to the lower brain stem and
      spinal cord of the cat.
AB  - The efferent projections from the solitary complex to the lower brain stem and
      spinal cord were studied in the cat with the autoradiographic anterograde axonal
      transport and retrograde horseradish peroxidase (HRP) techniques. A revised
      cytoarchitectonic description of the caudal two-thirds of the complex is
      presented in which the complex was subdivided into six nuclei: lateral,
      ventrolateral, intermediate, medial, parvocellular, and commissural solitary
      tract nuclei. Following injections of 3H amino acids into electrophysiologically
      defined regions of the complex in which cardiac or respiratory units were
      recorded, labeled fibers could be traced to a number of sites in the caudal brain
      stem including the medial and lateral parabrachial nuclei, Kolliker-Fuse nucleus
      and the area ventral to this nucleus, lateral periaqueductal gray matter,
      ambiguus complex, which consists of the retrofacial, ambiguus and retroambiguus
      nuclei, ventrolateral reticular nucleus (in an area equivalent to the A1 cell
      group of Dahlstrom and Fuxe, '64), medial accessory olive, paramedian reticular
      formation, and lateral cuneate nucleus. Descending solitario-spinal projections
      have been traced bilaterally, but predominantly to the contralateral side, to the
      region of the phrenic motor neurons in the C4-C6 ventral horn, to the thoracic
      ventral horn, and intermediolateral cell column. Confirmatory evidence of some of
      these projections was obtained from a series of HRP experiments. Mainly small
      neurons of the parvocellular, medial and commissural solitary tract nuclei
      project to the region of the parabrachial and Kolliker-Fuse nuclei. The lateral
      solitary nucleus projects almost exclusively to the ipsilateral medial accessory
      olive. It was not possible to interpret conclusively the labeling seen in the
      medium and large neurons of the ventrolateral solitary nucleus after HRP
      injections made in the region of the ambiguus-retroambiguus complex due to the
      problem of fibers of passage. Following injections of HRP into the cervical,
      thoracic, lumbar, or sacral spinal cord, retrograde cell labeling was seen in the
      solitary complex. Cells in the intermediate and commissural nuclei were labeled
      after all four types of experiments. In the ventrolateral nucleus, medium sized
      neurons were predominantly labeled after the cervical spinal cord experiments,
      while large sized neurons were labeled mainly after the thoracic spinal cord
      injections. The potential physiological significance of these connections is
      discussed in terms of central control of cardiovascular and respiratory
      functions.

PMID- 690273
TI  - Distribution of motoneurones to the neck muscles, biventer cervicis, splenius and
      complexus in the cat.
AB  - The distribution of motoneurones to the cat dorsal neck muscles biventer
      cervicis, splenius and complexus has been examined using the technique of
      retrograde horseradish peroxidase transport. A comparison was initially made of
      HRP uptake into motoneurones produced either by injecting HRP solution directly
      into a single neck muscle or by exposing the cut ends of motor nerves to an HRP
      solution. The injection of HRP into single neck muscles was found to produce
      widespread labelling of motoneurones presumably due to diffusion of HRP into
      adjacent muscles. For the examination of individual motoneurone pools the
      technique of cut nerve exposure was therefore used. Labelled neck muscle
      motoneurones ranged from 10-70 mu in diameter, but the majority of cells had
      diameters which were less than 40 mu. Most cells were located in the ventromedial
      nucleus and along the medial border of the ventral horn. In these regions there
      was considerable overlap between the motoneurone pools of the three neck muscles
      examined. In addition, some splenius motoneurones were located in the nucleus of
      the spinal accessory nerve. Labelled neck muscle motoneurones were also located
      in areas not usually considered to contain motoneurones such as the commissural
      and centrodorsal nuclei and in the ventral commissure.

PMID- 690274
TI  - Afferent and efferent fiber connections of the carp torus longitudinalis.
AB  - The efferent and afferent pathways of the carp torus longitudinalis were studied
      by means of degeneration and retrograde HRP methods. Efferent projections were
      only seen in the most superficial layer of the ipsilateral optic tectum (stratum
      fibrosum marginale). Afferent pathways to the torus longitudinalis were found to
      originate mainly in the valvula cerebelli. Degenerating fibers course in the
      tractus mesencephalocerebellaris posterior within the valvula, and join the
      tractus mesencephalocerebellaris anterior in the tegmentum. The fibers which
      ascend in the tract gradually invade the optic tectum through which they are
      distributed to the torus longitudinalis. The remaining fibers pass through the
      posterior commissure and terminate in the torus longitudinalis at the rostral end
      of the tract. Degenerating terminals were also seen in the torus longitudinalis
      when lesions were made in the optic tectum, tectal commissure, torus
      semicircularis, and in the area between the valvula and the corpus cerebelli. The
      possibility of projections from these areas is discussed depending upon the
      results of the retrograde HRP method.

PMID- 690276
TI  - Organization of corticocortical connections in the parietal cortex of the rat.
AB  - An analysis based on Nissl, anterograde degeneration, and succinic dehydrogenase
      histochemical techniques reveals that there are two distinct regions of parietal
      cortex which are characterized by different cytoarchitectonic features and
      anatomical connections. The "granular" cortical zone possesses a well-defined
      fourth layer composed of small, densely-packed cells, receives dense projections
      from the ventral posterior nucleus of the thalamus, and is essentially free of
      callosal inputs. "Agranular" cortical areas which surround or lie embedded within
      the granular zone lack a well-defined fourth layer, receive sparse projection
      from the ventral posterior nucleus, but send and receive extensive callosal
      projections. These findings suggest that thalamic and callosal projections to the
      parietal cortex maintain a pattern of areal segregation. The granular cortical
      zone, which apparently corresponds to SmI, projects ipsilaterally to motor
      cortex, SmII, and adjacent agranular areas. The superficial layers of the
      granular cortex also project heavily upon the underlying layer V. This
      intracortical projection is not organized in discrete clusters within the "barrel
      field" cortex. This suggests that the specialized organization of thalamic
      afferents and granule cells within the "barrel field" is not maintained in the
      intracortical circuitry of this region.

PMID- 690275
TI  - Connections of striate cortex in the prosimian, Galago senegalensis.
AB  - Efferent and afferent connections of primary visual cortex, Area 17, were
      determined in a prosimian, Galago senegalensis, by autoradiographic methods after
      injections of 3H-proline or 3H-HRP. The cortical connections of Area 17 with
      Areas 18 and MT were homotopic and reciprocal. Projections from Area 17
      terminated largely in layer IV and somewhat in layer III of both Areas 18 and MT.
      Most of the cells projecting to Area 17 were located in layer V of Area 18 and
      layer VI of MT. Subcortical projections included the reticular nucleus of the
      thalamus, where columns of label corresponding to injection sites were found in
      the caudal fourth of the nucleus. Projections to the lateral geniculate nucleus
      were along lines of isorepresentation and were in register with the cells
      projecting back to the injection site. The parvocellular layers were less densely
      labeled than other layers by the transport of 3H-proline, while concentrations of
      label were noted on the dorsal and ventral margins of the nucleus and in
      interlaminar regions between the internal parvocellular and magnocellular layers
      and between the two magnocellular layers. The pattern of terminations in the
      pulvinar complex suggested functional subdivisions. We have divided the inferior
      pulvinar into a large central nucleus, IPc, with topologically organized input
      from Area 17; a smaller medial nucleus, IPm, with a second pattern of input from
      Area 17; and a dorso-posterior nucleus, IPp, without input from striate cortex.
      The superior pulvinar likewise appears to have several subdivisions. One of
      these, a "central" nucleus of the superior pulvinar, SPc, receives topologically
      organized projections from Area 17. SPc is about the same size as IPc and is
      organized as a mirror image of IPc. Thus, both IPc and SPc represent the lower
      visual quadrant medially and the upper visual quadrant laterally; central vision
      is represented along the common border for both nuclei, while peripheral vision
      is represented dorsorostrally in SPc and ventrocaudally in IPc. Finally, the
      superficial grey of the superior colliculus receives topologically organized
      input from Area 17.

PMID- 690277
TI  - Studies of the cat's medial interlaminar nucleus: a subdivision of the dorsal
      lateral geniculate nucleus.

PMID- 690278
TI  - Effects of early monocular lid suture upon neurons in the cat's medial
      interlaminar nucleus.
AB  - Single unit extracellular recordings, cell size measurements, and cell packing
      density measurements were made in the medial interlaminar nucleus (MIN) of nine
      adult cats that had been monocularly deprived by lid suture prior to natural eye
      opening. The electrophysiological properties of neurons in the nondeprived
      regions of MIN (areas receiving input from the non-deprived eye) remained
      unaffected by monocular lid suture. The latencies to optic chiasm stimulation and
      receptive field properties, including receptive field center size, were
      essentially the same as those found for MIN neurons of normal adult cats. In
      contrast, cells in the deprived regions were severely affected by monocular
      deprivation. We encountered in the deprived regions of MIN only about one half as
      many active neurons per mm of electrode penetration as we did in the nondeprived
      regions. Of the physiologically active cells remaining, about one half had
      abnormal receptive field and/or response properties. This resulted in a sampling
      density of 5.1 normal Y-cells per mm of penetration in nondeprived regions of MIN
      compared to 1.0 normal Y-cell per mm in deprived regions of MIN. Histological
      effects of deprivation were also seen. Deprived regions of MIN were distinguished
      from nondeprived regions in four cats by autoradiography following intravitreal
      injection of tritiated proline into the deprived or non-deprived eye (2 cats
      each). The mean cell size of deprived regions of MIN was 34% smaller than that of
      nondeprived regions. We did not find a difference in cell packing density between
      these two regions. It appears that the effects of monocular lid suture upon MIN
      are in most respects similar to the effects of monocular lid suture previously
      reported for the A laminae. Since MIN is composed solely of Y-cells, these data
      support the idea that the Y-pathways are more severely affected by visual
      deprivation than are the X-pathways. Further, since MIN projects largely outside
      the striate cortex, these data give the first demonstration of a primary effect
      of early lid suture upon extrastriate visual pathways.

PMID- 690279
TI  - Identified neurons in mouse Sml cortex which are postsynaptic to thalamocortical
      axon terminals: a combined Golgi-electron microscopic and degeneration study.

PMID- 690280
TI  - An autoradiographic study of the organization of intrahippocampal association
      pathways in the rat.

PMID- 690281
TI  - Somatotopic organization of mechanosensory projections to SII cerebral neocortex
      in the raccoon (Procyon lotor).
AB  - The pattern of projections of peripheral receptors to the neocortex in the second
      somesthetic receiving area (SII) was mapped in raccoons. The purpose was to
      determine if the projection area of peripheral receptors to the forepaw area in
      the SII region is disproportionally enlarged as it is in SI. Tungsten
      microelectrode recording procedures were used to map thoroughly the inferior wall
      of the suprasylvian sulcus for regions responsive to mechanical stimulation of
      peripheral receptors. The results show that: 1. The forepaw area in SII shows an
      enlargement commensurate with that found in the SI. This suggests that those
      factors that are selective for tactile acuity of the raccoon forepaw were
      operating in the evolution of SII as they were in SI. 2. The somatotopic
      organization of mechanoreceptive projections to SII is reversed mediolaterally
      compared to previous descriptions of this arrangement in other mammals:
      projections form axial structures lie medially and those from apical structures
      lie laterally along the inferior bank of the suprasylvian sulcus in the raccoon.

PMID- 690282
TI  - Spinal and medullary input to the lateral cervical nucleus.
AB  - The distributions of spinal and medullary cells projecting to the lateral
      cervical nucleus (LCN) have been investigated in young cats and dogs using the
      retrograde horseradish peroxidase (HRP) technique. Labeled spinal cells, whose
      axons contribute to the spinocervical tract (SCT), were found at all levels of
      the spinal cord ipsilateral to the injection sites. No significant differences
      were found between cat and dog, nor between cases with single injections at
      different levels of the LCN. SCT cells were found predominantly, if not
      exclusively, within lamina IV, with some extension into medial lamina V. No
      apparent mediolateral or dorsoventral density gradient was observed within lamina
      IV; cells of all sizes were labeled. Cells in cervical laminae I and V-VII were
      occasionally labeled; these, however, were considered to be propriospinal,
      supplying afferent fibers to the C1-2 dorsal horn. Cells of origin of
      spinocerebellar fibers consistently remained unlabeled in cases with restricted
      HRP injections and minimal fiber damage in the dorsolateral funiculus (DLF)
      around the injection sites. These results, therefore, corroborate and refine the
      findings of electrophysiological studies of the SCT and the LCN. Labeled
      medullary cells were located in the caudoventral and rostral portions of the
      dorsal column nuclei (DCN; stellate and fusiform cells), the underlying n.
      medullae oblongatae centralis, subnucleus dorsalis (parvicellular medullary
      reticular formation), the marginal and magnocellular layers (both large and small
      cells) of the n. trigeminalis spinalis pars caudalis and also in pars
      interpolaris; a cluster of cells was also consistently labeled in the lateral
      reticular formation just ventral to pars caudalis. The projection from the DCN to
      the LCN was confirmed with the anterograde Nauta technique. Fiber degeneration
      was observed in the entire ipsilateral LCN, although it was less abundant than
      that observed in the adjacent C1-2 dorsal horn. These results indicate that
      neurons in the rostral portions of the DCN not only may affect the input to the
      LCN (at the level of the dorsal horn), but also the output of the LCN itself.
      These data also suggest the possibility of both noxious and non-noxious facial
      input to the LCN.

PMID- 690283
TI  - The localization of the motor neurons innervating the extraocular muscles in the
      oculomotor nuclei of the cat and rabbit, using horseradish peroxidase.
AB  - The localization of the motor neurons innervating the extraocular muscles in the
      oculomotor nuclei of adult cats and rabbits was investigated by means of
      retrograde labelling with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). The groups consisting of
      the motor neurons innervating an individual muscle lay in the nucleus as
      elongated columns extending in a longitudinal direction. The position of each
      group in the transverse section varied according to the rostro-caudal level of
      the nucleus. In the cat and rabbit, entire contralateral innervation of the
      superior rectus and entire ipsilateral innervation of three muscles of the
      inferior rectus, medial rectus and inferior oblique were similarly observed.
      However, the arrangement of individual motor groups differed considerably in both
      animals except for the group innervating the inferior rectus which was generally
      found in the ventral position running through the rostral two-thirds of the
      oculomotor nucleus. In the case of cats, the central caudal nucleus bilaterally
      innervated the levator palpebrae superioris. The motor neurons innervating this
      muscle in the rabbit (which lacks the central caudal nucleus) formed a rostro
      caudal club-shaped column close to the group innervating the superior rectus. The
      aberrant cellular mass in the adjoining medial longitudinal fasciculus which
      belongs to the medial rectus appears to play an important role in the eye
      movement, because it commonly appears in various animals.

PMID- 690284
TI  - A comparison of projections of entopeduncular neurons to the thalamus, the
      midbrain and the habenula in the cat.
AB  - Anatomical studies have demonstrated that the output of the striopallidal system
      is distributed to two areas of the thalamus: the ventrolateral-ventroanterior and
      the centromedian nuclei. The two areas are involved in different ways in the
      control of somatic motor activity. Pallidal efferents are also distributed to a
      still obscure tegmental area in the midbrain, the pedunculopontine nucleus, and
      to the lateral habenular nucleus, a structure of the limbic system. The present
      study compares the projections of entopeduncular neurons to the four sites in
      cats. The comparison is based on an estimation of the number of entopeduncular
      neurons sending fibers to each site and branching to more than one site. The four
      projection sites were stimulated electrically in anesthetized cats and the number
      of entopeduncular neurons excited antidromically were counted. At least 68% of
      entopeduncular neurons were excited antidromically by stimulation of the
      ventrolateral nucleus, an equal number were excited antidromically by stimulation
      of the nucleus centromedian and slightly fewer but still more than 50% by
      stimulation of the pedunculopontine nucleus. The three sites gave rise to
      antidromic responses of the same entopeduncular neuron in at least 33% of the
      cases. Only 25% of entopeduncular neurons responded antidromically to stimulation
      of the lateral habenular nucleus exclusively (one-third) or not (two-thirds).
      Some neurons recorded incidentally in the globus pallidus responded
      antidromically to the stimulation sites. Neurons were also recorded in the
      preoptico-hypothalamic area and 67% responded antidromically exclusively to the
      stimulation of the lateral habenular nucleus.

PMID- 690285
TI  - Association and commissural fiber systems of the olfactory cortex of the rat. II.
      Systems originating in the olfactory peduncle.

PMID- 690286
TI  - Effects of early monocular eyelid suture upon development of relay cell classes
      in the cat's lateral geniculate nucleus.

PMID- 690287
TI  - Poison-based taste aversion learning in deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus
      bairdi).
AB  - A series of experiments tested the ability of mice of the native genus Peromyscus
      to form learned taste aversions. It was found that (a) the mice acquired a strong
      aversion after a single flavor/toxicosis pairing, (b) naive mice drinking a LiCl
      solution apparently began to experience toxic effects within 90 sec after the
      beginning of consumption, (c) the mice acquired a total aversion after a single
      flavor/delayed illness pairing when high doses of toxin were employed, and (d)
      the aversion produced by a single flavor/delayed-illness pairing was specific to
      the flavor paired with illness and was dependent on the contingency between the
      flavor and illness. Although these responses are qualitatively similar to those
      reported for domestic rats, the mice formed considerably weaker aversions than
      those previously reported for laboratory rats tested with the same weight
      specific doses of LiCl.

PMID- 690288
TI  - Schedule-induced polydipsia in rats: adrenocortical and hippocampal modulation.
AB  - Onset of schedule-induced polydipsia (SIP) is related to adrenal gland weight.
      Adrenalectomy, but not demedullation, hastened the emergence of SIP, and
      exogenous corticosterone administration tended to reverse this effect.
      Hippocampal lesions were followed by a rapid and uniform release of SIP. None of
      the above manipulations influenced normal (home-cage) drinking. A synthesis of
      present findings with the literature suggests that the hippocampus and the
      adrenal cortex interact and that the equilibrium established within this system
      is reflected, for any particular rat, in its adjunctive behavior.

PMID- 690289
TI  - Exploration and avoidance in rats with lesions in amygdala and piriform cortex.
AB  - Lesions localized to specific areas of the amygdala and overlying cortex in rats
      produced differential effects in several behavioral tasks. Three different types
      of lesions were tested: central, basolateral, and cortex lateral to the amygdala.
      Lesions restricted to the central nucleus produced increased activity on all
      parameters studied in an open-field test, but the other two groups were not
      changed. In one-way active avoidance all three groups with lesions showed
      deficits. The most pronounced change was observed in the central group. All
      groups showed the same degree of retention loss, but in forced extinction of one
      way active avoidance after retraining, the cortical and basolateral groups were
      most defective. A fear-reduction hypothesis is proposed for the central lesion.
      The basolateral and cortical areas may be more specifically involved in passive
      avoidance behavior.

PMID- 690290
TI  - Effect of cholecystokinin on meal size and intermeal interval in the sham-feeding
      rat.
AB  - After 3-hr food deprivation, rats with gastric fistulas ate liquid food with the
      fistula closed (normal feeding) or open (sham feeding). Meal size (MS) was
      larger, latency to rest (LR) after a meal was longer, and intermeal interval
      (IMI) was shorter during sham feeding than during normal feeding. The putative
      satiety signal cholecystokinin (CCK, 20% pure) decreased MS and LR and increased
      IMI during sham feeding. After CCK (30 U/kg) the MS, LR, and IMI were the same
      during sham feeding as during normal feeding. The synthetic octapeptide (OCT) of
      CCK, which has the known biological actions of the complete hormone, reproduced
      the effects of CCK (30 U/kg) on MS and LR but not on IMI. Ingestive behavior was
      not nonspecifically suppressed by CCK or OCT because water drinking was not
      inhibited by CCK or OCT. The CCK and OCT were also tested for their ability to
      serve as unconditioned stimuli (UCS) for the formation of a conditioned taste
      aversion (CTA) in the 3-hr food-deprived sham-feeding rat. The OCT (30 U/kg) did
      not serve as a UCS for a CTA in the same sham-feeding conditions in which OCT
      produced normal MS and LR. Impure CCK (30 U/kg), however, did serve as a UCS for
      a CTA under these conditions. The differential effectiveness of CCK and OCT for
      IMI and CTA may be due to non-CCK factors in the impure extract of CCK. These
      experiments demonstrate that the preabsorptive food-contingent stimuli of sham
      feeding plus exogenous CCK are sufficient for normal short-term satiety under
      certain conditions, and they provide further evidence consistent with the
      hypothesis that cholecystokinin produces satiety in rats.

PMID- 690291
TI  - Environmental events that modify the catecholamine fluorescence of the A2 cell
      bodies in nucleus tractus solitarii.
AB  - The fluorescence intensity of the catecholamine cell bodies of the A2 group--as
      determined by microfluorimetry--increased significantly due to exposure of the
      rats to the following environmental events: placement of a rat from the colony
      cage into a cold (4 degree C) room for a period of 10 min, isolation of a rat
      from the colony for 6--7 days, and satiation of gouped rats by allowing them
      access to sweetened milk for 15 min. The following events failed to affect the
      intensity of the cells of A2: reduction of the group colony size from eight to
      three rats per colony for 6--7 days and presentation of water instead of milk
      after the rats had experienced 6--7 days of milk satiation. These results
      indicate that aversive as well as rewarding environmental events activate the
      catecholamine cells of A2.

PMID- 690292
TI  - Two types of aphagia and two types of sensorimotor impairment after lateral
      hypothalamic lesions: observations in normal weight, dieted, and fattened rats.
AB  - In two experiments, reactions to food and to tactile stimuli were examined in
      rats whose body weights were normal, reduced by restricted feeding (dieted), or
      raised by having access to palatable foods (fattened) prior to receiving
      bilateral lesions in the lateral hypothalamic (LH) area. Postoperative aphagia
      and sensorimotor impairments were less prolonged than normal in the dieted rats
      and more prolonged than normal in the fattened rats. The LH lesions produced a
      transient hyperthermia which was attenuated by dieting and facilitated by
      fattening. Certain motor impairments (which accompanied more posterior lesion
      placements), hypokinesia, and a lesion-induced exaggerated aphagia to novel foods
      were relatively unaffected by preoperative body weight. Depending importantly
      upon lesion placement, there appeared to be at least two types of aphagia and two
      types of sensorimotor impairment. Animals with more posterior LH lesions
      displayed a passive kind of aphagia and sensory neglect. These animals did not
      react to food or to sensory stimuli presented externally, but they chewed and
      appeared to swallow food placed in the mouth. Animals with more anterior LH
      lesions displayed an active kind of aphagia and sensory rejection. These latter
      animals briskly turned their heads toward food or a light touch; however, they
      also showed simple stereotyped withdrawal or reactions of aversion to the food,
      to a light touch, and to a variety of sensory stimuli. Animals with
      intermediately placed lesions showed symptoms common to passive and active
      aphagia and to sensory neglect and sensory rejection. The effects of preoperative
      weight manipulation on the specific types of aphagia and sensorimotor impairments
      are discussed.

PMID- 690293
TI  - Subamnesic cycloheximide treatment delays consolidation in mice.
AB  - In the first experiment, groups of C57 BL/6J mice were given passive avoidance
      training and then administered different doses of cycloheximide (CYC)
      immediately, 30 min, or 1 hr after training. Only the highest dose (150 mg/kg)
      administered immediately or 30 min after training impaired memory when the mice
      were tested 72 hr after training. In the second experiment, mice were given a
      nonamnesic administration of CYC (30 mg/kg) or saline immediately after training
      and another injection of CYC (15 mg/kg, 30 mg/kg, or 75 mg/kg) or saline 1 hr
      after training. Single injections of CYC and the combination of 30 mg/kg + 15
      mg/kg did not impair memory, but the combinations of 30 mg/kg + 30 mg/kg and 30
      mg/kg + 75 mg/kg did impair memory. The third experiment demonstrated that brief
      carbon dioxide anesthetization initiated immediately after training impairs
      memory. In the fourth experiment, mice were given either saline or 30 mg/kg CYC
      immediately after training and then subjected to either air or CO2
      anesthetization 30 min after training. Only the group given 30 mg/kg CYC + CO2
      was amnesic when tested 72 hr after training. The results of these experiments
      indicate that the administration of a nonamnesic dose of CYC immediately after
      training renders the memory susceptible to disruption by additional doses of CYC
      or other amnesic treatments for a longer period of time than normal. It is
      suggested that CYC delays consolidation and prolongs the labile period of memory
      formation.

PMID- 690294
TI  - Task-dependent genetic influences on behavioral response of mice (Mus musculus)
      to acetaldehyde.
AB  - Acetaldehyde was employed as a pharmacological agent in behavioral tests designed
      to assess genetic influences upon response to the drug. When used as a poison in
      a conditioned taste aversion study, acetaldehyde was more effective at inducing
      aversions in DBA/2J mice than in C57BL/6J mice. In another experiment, however,
      C57 mice were more affected than were DBA mice by acetaldehyde effects on loss of
      righting reflex. Implications for postulated genetic control of ethanol
      preference and neurosensitivity are discussed.

PMID- 690295
TI  - Interaction between penile reflexes and copulation in male rats.
AB  - Intact, unanesthetized male rats were place in a supine position, with the penile
      sheath continuously retracted. Three forms of penile reflex were displayed:
      erections, cups, and flips. The reciprocal relation between copulation and the
      penile reflexes occurring in supine tests was explored in four experiments. In
      Experiment 1, sexual exhaustion depressed all penile reflexes, but the reflexes
      returned to baseline levels within 8 hr, long before copulatory potential. In
      Experiment 2, reflexes were depressed to exhaustion levels after fewer
      ejaculations than were required for sexual exhaustion, an indication that
      reflexes are more readily evoked during copulation than in supine tests.
      Experiment 3 determined that a rat's penile-reflex potential may be enhanced by
      placing the rat in a copulation-test cage, by allowing the male a few antecedent
      intromissions, or by allowing an antecedent ejaculation. The display of penile
      reflexes within 1 min after ejaculation suggests that the period of reduced
      sexual arousability following ejaculation is not due to reduced excitability in
      the spinal mechanisms controlling penile reflexes. In Experiment 4, 1 hr of
      penile-reflex elicitation had no effect on subsequent copulatory behavior. Thus,
      sexual stimulation may increase or decrease penile-reflex potential, but a
      reciprocal influence was not detectable.

PMID- 690296
TI  - Extent of recovery of function after early sensory deprivation in the rat.
AB  - In two experiments the performances of 90- and 150-day-old light-reared and dark
      reared rats were compared on rigorous tests of depth and form discriminative
      abilities. Significant differences due to rearing and age were found. Exposure to
      a normal light environment for 60 days was found to partially alter the effects
      of an early 90-day period of visual deprivation in the case of depth
      discrimination but to have little impact in the case of form discrimination. The
      implications of the results are discussed with regard to the proposition that the
      initial deficits in the performance of the dark-reared rats and the extent of
      recovery of function after exposure to a normal environment are related to the
      kind of perceptual ability being measured and to the sensitivity of the test.

PMID- 690297
TI  - Purification and characterization of rat alpha-lactalbumins: apparent genetic
      variants.
AB  - Rat alpha-lactalbumin, from the milk of Fischer 344 (CDF) rats, was isolated and
      purified by a combination of gel filtration and diethylaminoethyl-cellulose ion
      exchange chromatography. Three electrophoretically distinct proteins had alpha
      lactalbumin activity. Staining for carbohydrate indicated that at least two of
      the three forms were glycoproteins. The low molecular weight protein fraction
      from the wheys of two additional strains of laboratory rat were compared to
      ascertain whether the composition of this fraction was common in the divergent
      strains. Outbred Wistar and Long-Evans dams yielded wheys containing up to six
      forms of alpha-lactalbumin. Either one or both of two groups of three alpha
      lactalbumins were in a given milk sample. The two groups of three alpha
      lactalbumins appear to represent two genetic variants upon which is imposed a
      polymorphic character. All forms of alpha-lactalbumin, within and between
      strains, were immunologically identical.

PMID- 690298
TI  - Purification and partial characterization of a unique group of phosphoproteins
      from rat milk whey.
AB  - A group of four electrophoretically distinct but related proteins has been
      isolated from rat milk whey. These have been classified as P.1 to P.4 in order of
      their decreasing electrophoretic mobility in an alkaline buffer system. All four
      members of this group of proteins are immunologically identical apparently
      constitute a single protein which is differentially phosphorylated in the ratio
      of 3:2:1:0. Sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis yielded constant estimates
      of molecular weight of approximately 20,700. Enzymatic dephosphorylation of
      purified P.1 generated the other three members of the group, demonstrating the
      commonality of the peptide component. This group of proteins in total makes a
      significant contribution of the total whey proteins being approximately 5 mg/ml
      in whole rat milk in the approximate proportion of 1:1.5:2:1.5. The P.1, P.2, and
      P.3 were isolated in sufficient quantities to permit further characterization.
      The partial amino acid analyses of each of the three forms were similar. They had
      commonextinction coefficients, E1(1)% cm A280, of 4.9 and A280/A290 ratio of
      about 1.36.

PMID- 690299
TI  - Secretion of casein in cultures of mouse mammary epithelial cells on floating
      collagen gels.
AB  - To study the effect of hormones on the secretion of casein, mammary epithelial
      cells were obtained from mid-pregnant mice and cultured on floating collagen gels
      in the presence of combinations of insulin, cortisol, and prolactin in serum-free
      culture medium. After labeling with phosphorus-32 labeled orthophosphate, the
      cells which had been cultured in the presence of all three hormones secreted hot
      trichloroacetic acid precipitable radioactivity into the medium. The secreted
      materials were identified as three major mouse caseins by sodium dodecyl sulphate
      urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by autoradiography. The floating
      collagen gel culture method allows mouse mammary epithelial cells to
      differentiate and secrete all species of caseins in the presence of hormones. The
      present culture method and the phosphorus-32 labeling method will be applicable
      to the study of differentiation of mammary epithelial cells from a variety of
      mammalian species.

PMID- 690300
TI  - Relationship between milk yield and mammary gland development in mice.
AB  - Female mice from four lines exhibiting different nursing ability (as measured by
      mean 12-day weight of eight offspring within a nursed litter) were used to
      examine milk yield, body size, feed intake, and cellular development of mammary
      glands and liver. Three selected lines exceeded the control line in milk yield
      and mammary gland and liver weights. They had more total deoxyribonucleic acid,
      ribonucleic acid, and protein contents in both mammary gland and liver tissues
      than the control. Phenotypic correlations between milk yield and deoxyribonucleic
      acid contents of mammary glands and liver were .39 and .35, while correlations
      between milk yield and protein to deoxyribonucleic acid ratio of mammary glands
      and livers were .04 and .11. Milk yield was correlated closely with body size .57
      and with feed intake .55. Milk yield was related more to cell number than to cell
      size of the mammary glands and liver, and large amounts of milk were produced by
      heavy dams with substantial feed intake.

PMID- 690301
TI  - Transitory changes of hormones in plasma of postpartum dairy cows.

PMID- 690302
TI  - Potassium requirement of dairy cows in early and midlactation.
AB  - Two trials with lactating Holstein cows were to determine the percent potassium
      required in the ration. A midlactation study compared three potassium percentages
      (.46, .69, and .97% of dry matter) for five cows assigned to each treatment for a
      10-wk experimental period. In an early lactation study, 15 cows were assigned at
      2 wk postpartum to one of three treatments (.51, .75, and .99%) for an 8-wk
      experimental period. Feed intake was changed by treatment from a control period
      (all cows fed the high K ration) +1.3, -.3, and +.1 kg for the .46, .69, and .97
      treatments and +3.4, +1.0, and +.5 kg for the .51, .75, and .99 treatments. Milk
      production and change in body weight differed significantly in the first trial
      but not in the second trial. Blood serum potassium was significantly different
      due to treatment in the second trial with changes in percent potassium of -.6, 
      .4 and +1.1 for the three treatments. A potassium content of .7% appears to be
      adequate for cows in mid to late lactation; however, the feed intake and
      potassium in serum indicate that .7% may not be optimal for high producing cows
      in early lactation.

PMID- 690303
TI  - Milk iodine as influenced by an iodophor teat dip.
AB  - We quantitated the increase of iodine in milk from iodophor teat dips and
      determined the mode by which that iodine entered the milk. In one trial with teat
      dipping for 1 wk, iodine in milk increased 8.8 microgram/100 ml. In another
      trial, only right udder halves were dipped with the iodophor. Samples of milk
      from the left udder half increased in iodine corresponding to the right udder
      half only slightly less. Tincture of iodine was applied to the skin between the
      vulva and the point of udder attachment of cows. Samples of milk from the group
      with tincture increased markedly in iodine content over the control group.
      Iodophor teat dips increased the iodine in milk by 8 to 10 microgram/100 ml. The
      primary mode of increased iodine appears to be absorption through the skin and
      entry into the milk by the milk synthesis process rather than by contamination
      from the teat's surface.

PMID- 690304
TI  - Metastasis of ameloblastoma after irradiation.

PMID- 690305
TI  - Cryotherapy of basal-cell carcinomas.

PMID- 690306
TI  - Tumor conference No 18: squamous-cell carcinoma arising in balanitis xerotica
      obliterans.

PMID- 690307
TI  - Cryo corner: is lateral spread of freeze a valid guide to depth of freeze?

PMID- 690308
TI  - Radiotherapy of cutaneous cancers and some other malignancies.
AB  - The principles of radiotherapy for the common cutaneous carcinomas of the skin
      are discussed and results illustrated. Shorter accounts of X-ray therapy of
      other, less common malignancies are also presented.

PMID- 690309
TI  - Efficacy, simplicity, and safety of X-ray therapy of basal-cell carcinomas on
      periocular skin.
AB  - X-ray therapy of basal-cell carcinomas of periocular skin is highly successful,
      easy to carry out, safe, and attended by cosmetic results that are good to
      excellent.

PMID- 690310
TI  - Teleroentgen therapy for mycosis fungoides.
AB  - Different techniques of teleroentgen therapy with soft X rays for total body
      treatment of cutaneous lymphomas are described. Therapeutic results in 26
      patients with mycosis fungoides are reported.

PMID- 690311
TI  - Radiotherapy of mycosis fungoides: twenty years of experience with teleroentgen
      and low-voltage X-ray therapy.
AB  - Of 98 patients with mycosis fungoides, 55 have been treated with teleroentgen
      therapy and 43 with low voltage radiation at a shorter distance. Teleroentgen
      therapy is indicated in the stage of generalized eczematous lesions or
      superficial infiltration. According to the Hamburg method, a dose of 300 R was
      delivered to eight fields at a target distance of 120 cm. After a series of one
      to three treatments, 300 R, administered at three-week intervals, all lesions
      usually cleared. Small patches and deeply infiltrated lesions and tumors were
      treated with the same doses and intervals of low voltage X rays, the half-value
      depth corresponding to the depth of infiltration. After five years, 54% of all
      patients were still alive and after 10 years, 29% were still living.

PMID- 690312
TI  - The worth of radiotherapy in malignant melanomas.
AB  - A new approach for the evaluation of the effectiveness of various forms of
      treatment of malignant melanomas is presented. Factors influencing the survival
      time from initiation of therapy until death were statistically analyzed in 548
      patients who died from malignant melanoma. In slowly developing malignancies X
      ray therapy was found to be superior to therapeutic methods.

PMID- 690313
TI  - F.D.A. recommendations on radiotherapy of benign diseases.

PMID- 690314
TI  - Adverse effects of superficial X-ray therapy and recommendations for safe use in
      benign dermatoses.
AB  - The danger of superficial radiotherapy for benign dermatoses has been
      exaggerated. It is safe if certain precautions are observed. The permissible life
      time maximum cumulative dose of conventional superficial X rays generated at 50
      kV given to any area of skin is 1000 R, and of grenz rays, 5000 R.

PMID- 690315
TI  - Radiation therapy for plantar warts.
AB  - Follow-up examinations were done on 598 plantar wart sites treated by radiation 3
      to 28 years earlier. In 45 cases, minor skin changes were detectable. There were
      no frank radiation sequelae. Of three X-ray schedules used, a one-dose method is
      recommended because of its simplicity, efficacy and safety.

PMID- 690316
TI  - Durability of permethrin as a potential clothing treatment to protect against
      blood-feeding arthropods.

PMID- 690317
TI  - Anopheles stephensi: effect of gamma-radiation and chemosterilants on the
      fertility and fitness of males for sterile male releases.

PMID- 690319
TI  - Cardiovascular nuclear medicine and intensive care.
AB  - The clinical application of cardiovascular nuclear imaging techniques to
      intensive care medicine holds great promise for improved non-invasive assessment
      of the patient. With the development of new radiopharmaceutical agents and better
      instrument resolution, it is now possible to provide quantitative information
      concerning myocardial perfusion, acute myocardial ischaemia, left ventricular
      function, thromboembolic pulmonary disease and analysis of the patient's
      respiratory function. The patient can be studied during various phases of his
      disease, with these techniques furnishing objective guidelines of the therapy and
      prognosis.

PMID- 690318
TI  - Pulmonary oedema and capillary permeability.

PMID- 690320
TI  - Left ventricular function in tetanus: influence of therapy.
AB  - Nine patients hospitalized for tetanus were studied under the same protocol which
      included two haemodynamic studies with a preload trial (PLT). The first being
      made during therapy (diazepam barbiturate association), on the sixth day of
      hospitalisation, and the second one after recovery. The comparison of the results
      shows that before PLT the mean arterial pressuure (MAP) is significantly
      increased (p less than 0.05) in patients after recovery in comparison to the same
      patients undergoing therapy. After PLT there is no significant difference between
      the two groups. Lastly, the variation of the left ventricular function points
      under PLT shows no significant difference between patients during therapy and
      after recovery. These results suggest that the diazepamphenobarbital combination
      does not alter the left ventricular function of the patients undergoing this
      therapy during tetanus.

PMID- 690321
TI  - Haemodynamic study of patients with severe sepsis during haemodialysis.
AB  - A study was performed in order to observe haemodynamic changes induced by
      haemodialysis in 14 patients with acute renal failure and severe sepsis. Left
      ventricular function, as assessed by changes in pulmonary wedge pressure and left
      ventricular stroke work index through plasma volume expansion, did not change
      during haemodialysis. Ultrafiltration-induced decreases in cardiac index provoked
      in 8 patients, with nearly normal initial systemic arteriolar resistance, had
      adequate and constant increase in their resistance (p less than 0.001), whereas 6
      patients with low initial systemic arteriolar resistance did not increase their
      resistance and had a frequent (9/13 measurements) and significant (p less than
      0.001) fall in mean aortic pressure. This abnormality of vascular tone is
      probably due to severe sepsis and explains why hypotension is a frequent
      occurrence during haemodialysis in such patients.

PMID- 690322
TI  - The effects of insulin glucose administration in fulminant hepatic failure.
AB  - Insulin glucose therapy can correct hyponatraemia and renal sodium retention in
      burns, sepsis and circulatory failure. A case of fulminant hepatic failure
      (F.H.F.) is described in which the same effect was observed. Insulin was thought
      to have corrected abnormal cell membrane permeability. The actions of insulin are
      discussed in relation to its possible role in the management of F.H.F.

PMID- 690323
TI  - Movement of the critically ill within hospital.
AB  - Critically ill patients can be safely moved within hospital using a mobile
      intensive care unit (MICU). The MICU allows the critically ill to benefit from
      specialised investigation and treatment they might otherwise be denied. The MICU
      in use at the Western Infirmary, Glasgow is described and its merits outline in
      the light of clinical experience gained over a twelve month period.

PMID- 690324
TI  - Do fat emulsions protect against infusion thrombophlebitis? An experimental
      study.
AB  - The clinical experience that a fat emulsion (Intralipid) protects the vein
      against infusion thrombophlebitis caused by an amino acid solution (Aminosol) was
      controlled by an experimental method based on a quantitative histological
      analysis of the inflammatory changes observed in the veins of rabbit ears after
      infusions. In a controlled blind study, sequential analysis failed to reveal any
      difference in the histological changes which developed after infusion of Aminosol
      alone and Aminosol plus Intralipid. In a second series of experiments in which
      Intralipid was compared with 0.9% NaCl it was demonstrated that the fat emulsion
      alone gave rise to considerable inflammatory changes in the veins.

PMID- 690325
TI  - Hypovolaemic shock with oedema due to increased capillary permeability.
AB  - A case of severe hypovolaemic shock related to idiopathic oedema was observed in
      a 37 year old woman. Large plasma volume expansion (nearly 12 1 over 9 hours) did
      not change the clinical status. Haemodynamic studies showed low cardiac index
      (1.1 1/min/m2), decreased left ventricular stroke work index (6.7 gm/m2), and
      high systemic arterial resistance (52 mmHg/1/min/m2). Dopamine infusion improved
      the haemodynamic condition which returned to normal 30 hours after the beginning
      of shock. After recovery, capillary permeability measured by a modification of
      Landis' method was markedly increased. A study of albumin metabolism showed a
      normal intravascular pool and a rapid exchange compartment with a twofold
      increase in slow exchange compartment. Hormonal levels and complement fractions
      were within normal limits. Serum protein immuno-electrophoresis showed an
      abnormal IgG. These results clearly demonstrate that hypovolaemia is related to
      increased capillary permeability and leakage of albumin out of the vascular
      space. When large infusions fail, inotropic agents, especially Dopamine, should
      be used in such cases.

PMID- 690326
TI  - Acute pulmonary oedema in a patient with phaeochromocytoma.
AB  - A young patient with a phaeochromocytoma who presented as an acute non
      cardiogenic pulmonary oedema is described. Phaeochromocytoma should be considered
      as a possible cause of the "adult respiratory distress syndrome."

PMID- 690327
TI  - Modeling of the cat eardrum as a thin shell using the finite-element method.
AB  - A finite-element model of the cat eardrum is presented which includes the effects
      of the three-dimensional curved conical shape of the drum. The model is valid at
      low frequencies (below 1-2 kHz) and within the range of linear vibration
      amplitudes. The material properties used are based on a review of the literature.
      The critical material parameters are the stiffness (2 times 10(8) dyn cm(-2)) and
      thickness (40 micrometer) of the pars tensa. The model exhibits a vibration
      pattern and amplitude very similar to those observed experimentally using laser
      holography. A number of parameters are varied in order to study their relative
      importance in the model.

PMID- 690328
TI  - Method for computing motion in a two-dimensional cochlear model.
AB  - We describe an effective technique for computing the steady-state motion in a two
      dimensional cochlear model. With the cochlear fluid assumed incompressible and
      inviscid, the problem reduces to solving Laplace's equation for a region with a
      yielding boundary (corresponding to the basilar membrane). From an integral
      equation representation of this solution, a pair of second-order differential
      equations is derived. The solution of these differential equations gives the
      velocity of the basilar membrane and hence other related quantities, e.g.,
      displacement, pressure, driving-point impedance at the stapes. Higher-order
      approximations, as well as extensions to nonlinear membranes are discussed.

PMID- 690329
TI  - Revised estimate of minimum audible pressure: where is the "missing 6 dB"?
AB  - Eardrum pressures at hearing threshold have been calculated from both earphone
      data (ISO R389-1964 and ANSI S3.6-1969) and free-field data (ISO R226-1961). When
      head diffraction, external-ear resonance, and an apparent flaw in ISO R226 are
      accounted for in the free-field data, and real-ear versus coupler differences and
      physiological noise are accounted for in the earphone data, the agreement between
      the two derivations is good. At the audiometric frequencies of 125, 250, 500,
      1000, 2000, 4000, and 8000 Hz, the estimated eardrum pressures at absolute
      threshold are 30, 19, 12, 9, 15, 13, and 14 dB SPL, respectively. Except for the
      effects of physiological noise at low frequencies, no evidence of the "missing 6
      dB" is seen, an observation consistent with the experimental results of several
      recent studies.

PMID- 690330
TI  - Simultaneous pure-tone masking: the dependence of masking asymmetries on
      intensity.
AB  - Phase locking between probe and masker was used in a series of pure-tone masking
      experiments. The masker was a stationary sine wave of variable frequency; the
      probe a fixed-frequency tone burst. We have observed that for small frequency
      separation the masking behaves asymmetrically around the probe frequency. This
      asymmetry depends on intensity. For a 1-kHz probe at low stimulus levels there is
      a maximum masking effect at about 60 Hz above the probe frequency, whereas at
      high levels maximum masking is produced at a frequency definitely below the probe
      frequency. These results are discussed in relation to current neurophysiological
      and psychophysical data. For the high-level assymetry possible interpretations
      are suggested in terms of two changes in the excitation pattern of the basilar
      membrane, (a) a shift of the top and/or (b) a slope asymmetry, both increasing
      with level. The low-level asymmetry will be treated in a second paper [Vogten, J.
      Acoust. Soc. Am. 63, 1521-1528 (1978)].

PMID- 690331
TI  - Low-level pure-tone masking: a comparison of "tuning curves" obtained with
      simultaneous and forward masking.

PMID- 690332
TI  - Perception of speech sounds with alternate formants presented to opposite ears.
AB  - The perception of speech syllables with alternate formants presented to opposite
      ears has been investigated. Using synthesized speech and normal-hearing subjects,
      it was found that this mode of presentation reduced the recognition scores with
      stop consonants by about 6%, semivowels by about 4%, and fricatives by about 5%,
      compared with binaural presentation. Vowel recognition, on the other hand, was
      not significantly reduced.

PMID- 690333
TI  - Inversion of articulatory-to-acoustic transformation in the vocal tract by a
      computer-sorting technique.
AB  - We present numerical methods for studying the relationship between the shape of
      the vocal tract and its acoustic output. For a stationary vocal tract, the
      articulatory-acoustic relationship can be represented as a multidimensional
      function of a multidimensional argument: y=f(x), where x, y are vectors
      describing the vocal-tract shape and the resulting acoustic output, respectively.
      Assuming that y may be computed for any x, we develop a procedure for inverting
      f(x). Inversion by computer sorting consists of computing y for many values of x
      and sorting the resulting (y,x) pairs into a convenient order according to y; x
      for a given y is then obtained by looking up y in the sorted data. Application of
      this method for determining parameters of an articulatory model corresponding to
      a given set of formant frequencies is presented. A method is also described for
      finding articulatory regions (fibers) which map into a single point in the
      acoustic space. The local nature of f(x) is determined by linearization in a
      small neighborhood. Larger regions are explored by extending the linear
      neighborhoods in small steps. This method was applied for the study of
      compensatory articulation. Sounds produced by various articulations along a fiber
      were synthesized and were compared by informal listening tests. These tests show
      that, in many cases of interest, a given sound could be produced by many
      different vocal-tract shapes.

PMID- 690334
TI  - Range effect in the perception of voicing.
AB  - The location of the voicing boundary in the perception of initial stop consonants
      is shown to vary according to the range of voice-onset times used in a block of
      trials and according to the order in which blocks covering different ranges are
      presented. Although these range effects introduce methodological complications
      into the interpretation of adaptation experiments, they appear to be
      qualitatively different from adaptation effects and, it is suggested, may provide
      a metric for assessing the auditory tolerance of phonological categories.

PMID- 690335
TI  - Computer model to characterize the air volume displaced by the vibrating vocal
      cords.
AB  - We use a vocal-cord/vocal-tract model devised earlier to study acoustic effects
      of the air volume displaced by the vibrating vocal cords. We consider both
      lateral and longitudinal motion of the cords. We make computer simulations to
      establish quantitatively the contribution of the displacement current to the
      total glottal volume velocity (and hence to the total sound excitation for voiced
      sounds). The displacement current from both lateral and longitudinal motion is
      found to be second-order by comparison to the total glottal flow. The
      displacement contribution can, however, be identified in the time waveforms and
      spectra of the glottal and mouth volume velocities. We use the computer
      formulation to synthesize speech sounds with and without the displacement
      current. Auditory observations and spectral calculations on the synthetic output
      show the displacement current to be discriminable only in close differential
      comparisons.

PMID- 690336
TI  - Acoustical properties of the human skull.
AB  - The acoustical properties insertion loss, reflection loss, and sound speed were
      measured on a series of fresh and subsequently formalin immersed human skulls.
      Measurements were made in the frequency range from 0.25 to 6 MHz. Most studies
      were restricted to an upper frequency limit of 2.2 MHz. An axisymmetric focused
      beam configuration was used as the sound source for the measurements and the
      receivers were small disk-type (3-mm-diam) piezoelectric ceramics. The geometric
      and temporal character of the focused beam was studied as a consequence of
      passage through the skull sections. Some skulls were sectioned so that their
      individual layer components could be studied. A simple three-layer analytical
      model seems to explain the major aspects of insertion and reflection loss. The
      dominant feature in determining human adult skull losses is the middle layer
      (diploe) of cancellous bone. This study corroborates previous work on insertion
      loss as a function of frequency for composite skull. The study provides new
      quantitative information on the acoustic scattering properties of diploe, sound
      velocity, and dispersion in composite skull and its components, attenuation
      coefficients in skull components and sound-beam distortion and shifts after
      transmission through composite skull. We conclude that with selection of
      appropriate frequencies (0.5-1.0 MHz) and beam configuration it will be possible
      to perform clinically significant transkull diagnostic imaging and interrogation
      in the adult human brain.

PMID- 690337
TI  - The upper limit of underwater auditory frequency discrimination in the California
      sea lion.

PMID- 690338
TI  - Auditory duration discrimination in the parakeet (Melopsittacus undulatus).
AB  - Two parakeets were trained by a method of avoidance conditioning to respond to
      duration differences in successively occurring tone bursts. Difference limens for
      duration were obtained at six durations (20-160 ms) of a 2.86-kHz tone presented
      at a sensation level of 60 dB. Calculations of the Weber fractions at each
      duration showed threshold values which compare favorably to similar measures for
      man ranging between 0.10 and 0.20.

PMID- 690339
TI  - High carbon monoxide levels measured in enclosed skating rinks.

PMID- 690340
TI  - Air pollution and morbidity: SO2 damages.

PMID- 690341
TI  - Federal health care planning: impact on the Student Health Center.

PMID- 690343
TI  - Decriminalizing possession of all controlled substances.

PMID- 690342
TI  - Student health insurance: important considerations for implementation and
      carrying out of a student health insurance program.

PMID- 690344
TI  - Student attitudes toward University Health Services and media sources of health
      information.

PMID- 690345
TI  - Sexual adjustment in college women who experience incestuous relationships.

PMID- 690346
TI  - A family workshop for college students.

PMID- 690347
TI  - Polish women students--attitudes toward career and marriage.

PMID- 690348
TI  - Medical student experiences during psychiatric clerkships? Fantasies and reality.

PMID- 690349
TI  - Small campus health care: an innovative approach.

PMID- 690350
TI  - Complete gynecology services in a community college--not an impossible dream!

PMID- 690351
TI  - A comparison of menstrual histories for sexually experienced and inexperienced
      women.

PMID- 690352
TI  - Health care in the year 2000 a call to action.

PMID- 690353
TI  - Home-recorded sleep in 2- and 9-month-old infants.

PMID- 690354
TI  - The effects of caffeine and methylphenidate on hyperactive children.

PMID- 690356
TI  - Hyperactive children in Canada and Uganda.

PMID- 690355
TI  - Growth hormone, prolactin and cortisol responses and growth patterns in
      hyperkinetic children treated with dextro-amphetamine. Preliminary findings.

PMID- 690357
TI  - Psychological implications of childhood genitourinary surgery. An empirical
      study.

PMID- 690358
TI  - Intervention with overtly rejecting parents. A suggesting for a collaborative
      legal and psychiatric approach.

PMID- 690359
TI  - The minor's role in consent for mental health treatment.

PMID- 690360
TI  - Manic-depressive illness in adolescence. A case report.

PMID- 690361
TI  - Adolescents and their psychiatrist's suicide. A study of shared grief and
      mourning.

PMID- 690362
TI  - Trichotillomania and trichobezoar in an infant. Psychological factors underlying
      this symptom.

PMID- 690363
TI  - Child psychiatry perspectives. Psychobiological research in child psychiatry.

PMID- 690364
TI  - Response to Irving N. Berlin's discussion of "A study of board certification in
      child psychiatry".

PMID- 690365
TI  - Comparison of total fat, fatty acids, cholesterol, and other sterols in
      mayonnaise and imitation mayonnaise.

PMID- 690366
TI  - Trace metal content of a herring oil at various stages of pilot-plant refining
      and partial hydrogenation.

PMID- 690367
TI  - Optometry and the nation's health: recommendations for the implementation of
      Congress' national health priorities.

PMID- 690368
TI  - SCCO participates in interdisciplinary health team.

PMID- 690369
TI  - Gonioscopy using the Brandreth-Saladin goniochamber.
AB  - The Brandreth-Saladin Goniochamber is a new diagnostic instrument available to
      the optometric profession. In this paper, a description of the instrument and
      technique is given and the results obtainable with the Goniochamber are compared
      to those obtainable with existing gonioscopic instruments.

PMID- 690370
TI  - Hollenhorst plaques--II.
AB  - Detection of Hollenhorst plaques in the retinal circulation of the asymptomatic
      patient should be considered to be indicative of atherosclerotic disease. Such
      patients should be referred for medical evaluation and amelioration of risk
      factors.

PMID- 690371
TI  - The relationship between visual acuity changes and residual astigmatism in hard
      and soft contact lens wearers.

PMID- 690372
TI  - Identification of the patient at risk: an optometric role in the prevention of
      stroke.
AB  - Identification of patients at risk for stroke and institution of medical
      management to reduce risk are the essentials of preventing stroke. Optometrists
      can play a role in the prevention by identifying patients at risk and directing
      them to appropriate medical care. The paper reviews the pathogenesis and clinical
      presentation of thrombotic, embolic and hemorrhagic stroke. The profile of
      potential victims is outlined with emphasis upon risk factors which may present
      in optometric patients; hyperlipidemia, hypertension, smoking, unruptured
      aneurysm, retinal emboli, and transient ischemic attacks.

PMID- 690373
TI  - Interdisciplinary health care: part I.
AB  - The development of the Health Care delivery system has been unorganized and
      fragmented. A need to integrate the various health care components is essential
      and a discussion of interdisciplinary health teams is presented as one model to
      alleviate these problems. Part I will discuss the historical parameters and the
      philosophical components of health care. Part II will present the problems and
      inherent possibilities of health teams. Part III will include a review of the
      Interdisciplinary Health Teams course at the University of Houston, College of
      Optometry.

PMID- 690374
TI  - The contact lens--part 3.
AB  - The patient adapting to contacts, the overwearing syndrome, the lens surface and
      edges, the foreign body, the traumatized eye, the ocular/lid infection, and the
      allergy can all exhibit many similar symptoms. The innocent contact lens is often
      held accountable for problems that have their etiology in diametrically opposed
      areas.

PMID- 690375
TI  - Visual rehabilitation of a stroke patient.

PMID- 690376
TI  - Intraepidermal squamous cell carcinoma: (Bowen's disease of the dorsum of the
      foot).

PMID- 690377
TI  - Primary epidermoid carcinoma of the foot: report of a case.

PMID- 690378
TI  - Basal cell carcinoma on the sole: a case report.

PMID- 690379
TI  - Periungual fibroma: a case report.

PMID- 690380
TI  - Juvenile aponeurotic fibroma: a plantar presentation.

PMID- 690381
TI  - Painful piezogenic papules.

PMID- 690382
TI  - Giant cell tumor of tendon sheath: a literature review and case report.

PMID- 690383
TI  - Kaposi's sarcoma.

PMID- 690384
TI  - Neurilemmoma of the lateral plantar nerve: a case report.

PMID- 690385
TI  - Aneurysmal bone cyst/lipoma of toe: case study and presentation.

PMID- 690386
TI  - Subungual exostosis.

PMID- 690387
TI  - Uses of bone scanning in podiatric medicine.

PMID- 690388
TI  - Symphalangism versus hammer digit syndrome of the fifth toe.

PMID- 690389
TI  - Pyridoxine deficiency: a new factor in diabetic neuropathy.

PMID- 690390
TI  - A procedure for correction of the severely subluxed second hammer toe.

PMID- 690391
TI  - Public awareness of podiatric health.

PMID- 690392
TI  - Podiatry: Inaugural Address.

PMID- 690393
TI  - Complications of the Austin-type bunionectomy.
AB  - The California College of Podiatric Medicine has evaluated the complications
      encountered in the Austin-type bunionectomy and compiled the following list of
      possible causes: 1) improper preoperative criteria, 2) incorrect angle between
      arms of the V-osteotomy, 3) incorrect direction of the osteotomy on the
      transverse plane, 4) removal of too little or too much bone medially in a bi
      correctional procedure, 5) transposition of capital fragment too far laterally,
      6) failure to remove medial wedge at least 80% through the head, 7) placement of
      V-osteotomy in cystic or osteoporotic bone, and 8) improper instrumentation. Dr.
      Gerbert believes that the use of templates preoperatively will minimize the
      number of complications.

PMID- 690394
TI  - Determination of treatment in fractures of the fifth metatarsal shaft.

PMID- 690395
TI  - A suction-irrigation technique utilizing a hemovac system in treatment of
      osteomyelitis.

PMID- 690396
TI  - Liposarcoma of the foot: a case report.
AB  - A 56-year-old black, apparently healthy female presented with a rapidly growing
      mass on the medial aspect of her left hallux. The mass was seen on x-ray
      examination, and did not appear locally invasive. Excision revealed the mass to
      be a well differentiated liposarcoma, and after further consultation, the left
      hallux was amputated. Although the incidence of differentiated liposarcoma in the
      foot is rare, the preceding case should reiterate to all the need for closer
      investigation of soft tissue masses which may appear in the foot. Prompt excision
      of malignant tumors results in a good prognosis for the patients, whereas
      misdiagnosis based on the apparently benign appearance may lead to unnecessary
      delay and a less fortuitous prognosis for the patient.

PMID- 690397
TI  - Postoperative osteophytic activity: a case report.

PMID- 690398
TI  - Rheumatoid nodules in the foot.

PMID- 690399
TI  - Giant cell tumor of the foot: a case report.

PMID- 690400
TI  - Hypoglycemia: clinical significance and management during foot surgery.
AB  - Hypoglycemia, an abnormally low level of glucose in the circulating blood, is
      discussed in this paper. Dr. Kaner describes the clinical significance, signs,
      symptoms, and etiology, as well as the evaluation and management during pre- and
      postoperative foot surgery. Although there is no direct relationship between
      hypoglycemia and foot pathology and it is not generally a contraindication to
      elective foot surgery, the disease must be correctly evaluated preoperatively and
      properly managed before, during, and after the surgical procedure.

PMID- 690401
TI  - Policy, politics, and child health: four decades of federal initiative and state
      response.
AB  - This paper analyzes the continuity and change in the relationship between federal
      and state governments in the formation and implementation of child-health
      programs. After reviewing developments in federal child-health policy since the
      Sheppard-Towner Act of 1923, methods of implementation and changes in state laws
      and administrative organization in Vermont and Connecticut are compared with a
      focus on the major programs authorized by Title V of the Social Security Act.
      Four broad interactive areas of comparison--governmental relations, program
      delivery systems, expenditure patterns, and private interests--serve as vantage
      points for exploring, understanding and explaining the process of policy
      implementation. Specific conclusions are drawn regarding each area and the
      overall conclusion is that federal efforts under Title V have not lessened the
      general neglect of child health in state legislation; nor have they greatly
      expanded the volume of direct services for child care. They have been
      sufficiently ambiguous and diffuse to leave the providers dominant, treating
      diseases and existing conditions rather than focusing energy on preventive
      measures. Federal resources have been absorbed by expanding administrative
      overhead, state bureaucracies have been inflated rather than motivated.

PMID- 690402
TI  - A model for the coordination of international donor activities with national
      government health services.
AB  - This study is a descriptive analysis of an attempt to coordinate donor agency and
      government activities in the national leprosy control program of the Philippine
      Islands. A twofold strategy is employed to realize this purpose: (1) the
      evolution of the present coordinated program as recorded in both published and
      unpublished documents is described, and (2) an opinion survey of Philippine
      personnel active in the present leprosy control program is reported. The most
      significant finding, in terms of relating the Philippine experience to other
      areas of donor-recipient exchange, is the emergence of a model of coordinated
      effort where a donor agency's assistance to a foreign national government is
      transmitted through a third indigenous and intermediary organization. By
      advancing the interests of both donor and recipient organizations, this approach
      has the potential of promoting a successful coordination of activities which
      might not otherwise be attained.

PMID- 690403
TI  - The disarray of national health policy.

PMID- 690404
TI  - Chromium concentration by proximal renal tubule cells: an ultrastructural,
      microanalytical and cytochemical study.
AB  - After treating rats with potassium bichromate, x-ray microanalysis of the
      proximal renal tubule cells demonstrated the presence of chromium in
      intracellular vacuoles. The lysosomal nature of these vacuoles is shown by the
      visualization of acid phosphatase activity. Chromium is concentrated both in the
      autolytic vacuoles and in their residual forms. The metal is eliminated quite
      late, concomitant with cellular necrosis.

PMID- 690405
TI  - Distribution of [14C]labeled purines in the mouse. A whole body autoradiographic
      assessment of purine metabolism in mammals.

PMID- 690406
TI  - An improved acriflavine-Feulgen reagent for quantitative DNA cytofluorometry.
AB  - We have modified the acriflavine-Feulgen histochemical method for the
      quantitative determination of DNA by performing the staining of hydrolyzed cells
      affixed to cover slips with acriflavine dissolved in 90% ethanol. Compared to
      conventional techniques, in which the acriflavine is dissolved in aqueous HCl
      plus potassium metabisulfite, this method not only decreased non-Feulgen
      (background) staining in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm, but also increased
      the fluorescent intensity of Feulgen stained nuclei more than four-fold. Cells
      stained by our modified method exhibited a fluorescence maximum of 507 nm, which
      is similar to the 500 nm fluorescence maximum obtained with acriflavine bound to
      apurinic acid solution by a modification of the acriflavine-Feulgen method. These
      fluorescence maxima are in contrast to the 510 nm to 625 nm fluorescence maxima
      which are obtained when cells are stained according to conventional protocols.
      The fluorescence intensities of nuclei of synchronized cells stained by the
      modified method were proportional to DNA content. Thus, by the criteria of
      staining specificity, in situ and in solution fluorescence spectra agreement and
      quantitative staining, we conclude that our modified acriflavine-Feulgen method
      is more satisfactory for quantitatively measuring DNA in situ by cytofluorometry
      than the usual acriflavine-Feulgen method.

PMID- 690407
TI  - The use of polyethyleneimine for demonstration of anionic sites in basement
      membranes and collagen fibrils.
AB  - Strong cationic polyethyleneimine (PEI) is used to trace anionic sites in lung,
      choroid plexus, glomeruli, blood vessels and also on collagen fibrils. In the
      mentioned tissues, PEI is found in the basement membranes with a spacing
      identical to that found on collagen fibrils. It is assumed that the acid
      endgroups of tropocollagen molecules are responsible for the binding of PEI.

PMID- 690408
TI  - [Fluorescence histochemistry and neurohistologic studies of the adrenergic
      innervation of the pyriform cortex in the rat].
AB  - The pyriform region of normal adult rats was investigated by fluorescence
      histochemistry and Golgi-rapid-impregnation technique. Fluorescence
      microscopically noradrenaline and dopamine fibers could be described in typical
      arrangement and distribution. It is suggested that various Golgi-"beaded" -axons
      in the cortex pyriformis may be equivalent to the fluorescence histochemically
      demonstrated varicose  catecholamine axons. This would raise the possibility of
      interpreting, in the Golgi impregnation technique, kinds of axons in a functional
      manner.

PMID- 690409
TI  - The tectum opticum of Pantodactylus schreiberii Wiegmann (Teiidae, Lacertilia,
      Reptilia).
AB  - We study the histology of the optic lobe of Pantodactylus schreiberii Wiegmann.
      It has 14 layers with characteristic cells in each of them. We study with
      emphasis the elements of the superficial layers, discussing some physiologic
      implications. We described four strata of optic terminals. To the strata 1 and 3
      reach fibres from layer 14. To the stratum 4, from the layer 12 and to the
      stratum 2, fibres from both layers 14 and 12. Some optic fibres from layer 12
      send collaterals which reach the stratum 4 of optic terminals.

PMID- 690410
TI  - The distribution of axon terminals with flattened vesicles in the nuclei of the
      amygdaloid body of the cat.
AB  - The morphology of synapses in the amygdaloid nuclei was studied in 10 cats. On
      the basis of the percentage of axon terminals with flattened vesicles (F-type)
      nuclei were distinguished, in which these terminals are as sparsely distributed
      as in most areas of the central nervous system, from other nuclei in which they
      are abundant (about one-third to one-half of all synaptic boutons). The lateral,
      basal dorsal and basal ventral nuclei belong to the first, the medial and central
      nucleus and the anterior amygdaloid area--to the second group. The cortical
      nucleus, which generally has a small number of boutons of F-type has some parts
      seemingly belonging to the first, and others to the second group. In all
      amygdaloid nuclei axon terminals of F-type form symmetrical synaptic contacts. In
      nuclei with a low percentage of F-type terminals these boutons are predominantly
      small and synapse either with perikarya or with large dendrites. The amygdaloid
      nuclei having numerous F-type terminals contain not only small but also larger
      terminals with flattened vesicles. Both, the larger and smaller axon terminals
      form in these nuclei synaptic contacts with various parts of dendrites even with
      very small ones and with dendritic spines. The subdivision of amygdala into two
      parts, one with a low and another with a high number of F-type boutons would seem
      to support the hypothesis that amygdala may be subdivided physiologically into a
      dorsomedial--"excitatory" and basolateral--"inhibitory" portion.

PMID- 690411
TI  - Quantitative histological studies on the lateral geniculate nucleus in the cat.
      I. Measurements on Golgi material.
AB  - Numerical data of neuron and fiber elements were observed and measured on Golgi
      preparations. The aim of the quantitative Golgi analysis was to obtain data on
      the spatial arrangement of arely neurons, their relations to the interneurons, on
      the spatial architecture of the arborizations of optic fibers and their relations
      to the main neuron types. The quantitative data on arely neurons include numbers
      of dendrites, of their chief points of ramification as the main targets of the
      optic afferents, geometric data on the "specific active sphere" of the dendritic
      tree; on the arborization of initial collaterals. The data on interneurons refer
      both to numeric and geometric parameters of their axonal arborizations, and to
      those of various characteristics of their dendritic processes. The data on optic
      fibers include the size of their arborization space, the numbers of bouton
      clusters and preterminal bouquets per arborization.

PMID- 690412
TI  - Quantitative histological studies on the lateral geniculate nucleus in the cat.
      II. Cell numbers and densities in the several layers.
AB  - In the cat lateral geniculate nucleus all cells of all types were counted: their
      absolute numbers, their densities and their relative distribution. The nuclear
      volume and the volume of each layer was measured. The data of volume was applied
      on living material. The average densities of cells were calculated from the
      volume of LGN. The density of the cells was combined with the "specific active
      dendritic sphere" of relay neurons and it could be estimated that there may be a
      large number of spatially overlaping of ramification points around the cell body
      of relay neurons.

PMID- 690413
TI  - Organization and projections of the neurons in the dorsal tegmental area of the
      rat.
AB  - The organization and projection of the neurons in the dorsal tegmental area at
      the locus coeruleus level of the rat have been investigated by means of the
      horseradish peroxidase (HRP) method, combined with monoamine oxidase staining to
      identify the noradrenaline (NA) neurons. Judging from the anatomical aspects
      elucidated in this study, this area is composed of various different cell groups.
      Although the functional role of these neuronal groups remains to be determined,
      the present study strongly suggests that the dorsal tegmental area participates
      in important regulation of several brain functions.

PMID- 690414
TI  - Phylogenetical changes and functional specializations in the dorsal lateral
      geniculate nucleus (dLGN) of mammals.
AB  - Depending on their visual specialization and their place in the zoological system
      the mammalian species show some peculiarities in the morphology of the dorsal
      lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN). The lamination of dLGN can be find in mammals
      with a highly developed visual system and a proportionally big part of
      ipsilaterally projecting retinogeniculate fibres. Number and sequence of ipsi-
      and contralaterally innervated laminae varies between species of different
      taxonomical categories. Hence these features depend on phylogenetical trends
      which could traced back to the beginning of the "mammalian radiation" in the
      cretaceous period and the earliest tertiary. Ancestral conditions may be found in
      mammals with an unlaminated dLGN and a medially located ipsilaterally innervated
      part. It may be registrated that a cytoarchitectonical separation of laminae
      (concerning the ipsi- and contralateral innervation) is the secondary step after
      fibre anatomical separation. The most primitive status may be realized in mammals
      having a zone of mixed ipsi- and contralateral fibre input. Some conclusions are
      made with regard to the suitability of lab mammals for generalization of results
      in the dLGN morphology.

PMID- 690415
TI  - Chronic, intractable, benign pain: a syndrome and its treatment with intensive
      short-term group psychotherapy.
AB  - There is sufficient reason to classify some ongoing pain problems as syndromes.
      Patients who suffer with chronic, intractable, benign pain syndromes (CIBPS) have
      truly functional biopsychosocial disorders. There is no longer any current
      pathophysiology operative, and the pain syndrome persists with its psychosocially
      perpetuating and disrupting features. An intense group psychotherapy approach in
      the therapeutic milieu of a medical-surgical setting fosters and evokes affect
      expression and understanding. This encourages the formation of cognitive patterns
      that are therapeutically useful in that they extend coping abilities and, hence,
      diminish the pain and suffering experience and life problems attendant to it.

PMID- 690416
TI  - Infertility as a life event.

PMID- 690417
TI  - An exploratory study.

PMID- 690418
TI  - Studies on the activity of the sympathetic nervous system in essential
      hypertension.
AB  - Plasma catecholamine and norepinephrine concentrations have been measured in
      carefully characterized ambulatory patients with essential hypertension under
      basal conditions and following experimental procedures known to enhance
      sympathetic activity. The studies have demonstrated increased levels of plasma
      catecholamines in patients with mild hypertension as compared with matched
      controls following 70 degree upright tilt or cold pressor testing. Considerable
      heterogeneity was apparent in the population of patients with essential
      hypertension with respect to their plasma norepinephrine concentrations.
      Significantly greater levels of plasma norepinephrine were present in patients
      with high plasma renin activity and lesser levels in patients with low renin
      activity than in normal renin or labile hypertensives. Blood pressure correlated
      significantly with plasma norepinephrine in male patients with normal renin
      essential hypertension but not in females. Administration of the diuretic
      furosemide produced an increase in plasma norepinephrine in almost all
      hypertensive subjects studied. These studies suggest that peripheral sympathetic
      activity is abnormal in certain patients with essential hypertension. The results
      underscore the need to differentiate between subgroups of essential hypertension
      in studies relating to the role of the adrenergic system in the hypertension. The
      findings also suggest that the recently developed sensitive techniques for
      measuring plasma catecholamines of plasma norepinephrine are of value in
      assessing changes in peripheral sympathetic activity but that enzymatic assays of
      serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity are probably not useful for this
      purpose.

PMID- 690419
TI  - Stress, the sympathetic nervous system and hypertension.
AB  - Stress may be an important contributor to the pathogenesis of idiopathic
      (essential) hypertension. The probable pathway involves activation of the
      sympathetic nervous system and thereby an increase in peripheral resistance. This
      paper reviews the hemodynamics of early hypertension and attempts to relate them
      to stress-mediated overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system. Attention is
      also given the relations between obesity, race, sex and geography to
      hypertension.

PMID- 690420
TI  - A strategy for research on psychological and social factors in hypertension.
AB  - Stress-related research has thus far failed to provide an adequate understanding
      of hypertension and other psychosomatic ailments for three main reasons: First,
      there has been a continual failure to view stress as a relational phenomenon,
      that is, as a particular kind of transaction between person and environment.
      Second, there has been much confusion about the social, psychological and
      physiological levels of stress analysis; each is to some extent independent of
      the other, so that what happens at one level cannot stand for what happens at
      another. Third, the predominant research model has been structural and static.
      That is, the researcher looks at some environmental or personality
      characteristic, treating it as a stable property, and attempts to relate it to
      the risk of hypertension across persons or groups. Such an approach overlooks the
      key social, psychological and physiological mediating processes (e.g., social
      supports, cognitive appraisals, and coping) that are concurrent with and have
      causal significance in blood pressure elevation or change. Structural research
      models need to be supplemented with process-oriented ones in which the same
      persons are observed across various adaptational encounters and over time.

PMID- 690421
TI  - Antibiotic resistant staphylococci acquired during the first year of life.
AB  - Nasal swabs were taken from 492 babies born consecutively to residents of two
      South Wales towns soon after their discharge from maternity hospitals.
      Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 352 babies (72%) and in 79 (22%) of these
      it was resistant to at least one antibiotic. By the time these babies were a year
      old the prevalence of both sensitive and resistant strains had fallen, so that
      only 12% still carried nasal staphylococci, but 64% of these organisms were then
      resistant to penicillin. Administration of penicillin to the baby seemed to be a
      more important factor in selecting resistant organisms than other antibiotics
      given to the baby, any antibiotic treatment to other members of the household, or
      discharge from hospital.

PMID- 690422
TI  - Enumeration of micro-organisms in food: a comparative study of five methods.
AB  - Five methods for the enumeration of micro-organisms in food (pour plate, surface
      spread plate, surface drop, agar droplet, and microdilution) were used in
      parallel to examine 100 samples selected from a wide range of food products.
      Statistical analyses of the results showed that the regression and correlation
      coefficients between the methods were highly significant; the lowest correlation
      coefficient derived for any pair of methods was 0.979. A variation in count
      between the methods of less than 0.5 log10 cycles was given by 98% of the
      samples. Analysis of the operation times and material requirements of each method
      showed that substantial savings in cost, time, space and support labour were
      achieved with the microdilution and agar droplet techniques as compared with the
      conventional pour plate and spread plate methods.

PMID- 690423
TI  - The serology of experimental Salmonella dublin infections of cattle.
AB  - Agglutinating antibodies to somatic "O" and flagellar "H" antigens of S. dublin
      were measured in the serum of 43 pregnant heifers before intravenous or oral
      infection with S. dublin and in the serum of 21 uninfected control animals. The
      data from these animals were analysed statistically and a titre of 1/80, to both
      antigens, has been interpreted as of doubtful significance and a titre of 1/160
      to both antigens, has been interpreted as significantly raised. Animals in which
      fetal infection occurred after challenge by either the intravenous or oral route
      developed significant increases in "H" and "O" titres indicating the value of
      measure "H" titres in the diagnosis of S. dublin abortion. In animals which were
      infected orally and in which infection appeared to be confined to the alimentary
      tract the "H" titre did not become significantly raised. Lack of correlation
      between antibody titres and faecal excretion of S. dublin and persistence of
      infection in carcasses confirms that the serum agglutination test is of no value
      in detecting latent carriers.

PMID- 690424
TI  - Salmonellosis in wild birds feeding at sewage treatment works.
AB  - Between June 1976 and August 1977 faeces were collected from 599 wild British
      birds caught during ringing operations at two sewage treatment works in south
      east England. Samples were incubated with selenite-F broth to detect the presence
      of Salmonella. Salm. anatum was isolated from one bird, a Dunnock Prunella
      modularis an incidence of 0.17% of the total birds examined and 3.23% of the
      Dunnocks. Comparisons are drawn with previously reported studies and it is
      suggested that sewage treatment works play little part in the transmission of
      Salmonella infections to wild birds feeding there.

PMID- 690425
TI  - A study of acute respiratory disease in the community of Port Chalmers. II.
      Influenza A/Port Chalmers/1/73: intrafamilial spread and the effect of antibodies
      to the surface antigens.
AB  - During the first year of a study of respiratory disease in the semi-isolated
      community of Port Chalmers, New Zealand, an epidemic of clinical influenza
      occurred from which the variant influenza A/Port Chalmers/1/73 (H3N2) was
      isolated. Within a selected group of 26 families, 59 (46%) members had clinical
      or laboratory evidence of infection. During intrafamilial spread the infection
      frequency was highest for school-aged children (77%),  followed by female adults
      (67%), infants (64%) and male adults (41%). The index infection in each family
      was a school-age child on 10 occasions, suggesting the role of this age group in
      the transmission of influenza A in this community. The secondary attack rate
      (SAR) of 58.3% was higher than expected. In sera taken before the 1973 epidemic,
      59% of family members had detectable HI antibody and 25% NI antibody to
      A/England/42/72 while 38% had detectable HI antibody and 8% NI antibody to A/Port
      Chalmers/1/73. The relation between pre-existing antibody and infection frequency
      is discussed.

PMID- 690426
TI  - The distribution of Bacteroides fragilis serotypes amongst clinical strains.
AB  - Three hundred and twenty-two strains of Bacteroides fragilis isolated from
      infected patients at three different hospitals were tested against 20 type
      specific B. fragilis antisera using the tube agglutination technique. Of these
      strains 41.3% were assigned to a single O-serotype, a further 20.5% were
      agglutinated by several antisera and could not be classified and the remainder
      showed no reactions. Three different serotypes were prevalent in the three
      hospitals and minor geographical variation was observed. No correlation was found
      between serotypes and the origin of infection, but those from the blood were the
      most readily typable strains. No correlation was found between serotypes and
      biotypes of B. fragilis.

PMID- 690428
TI  - Immunity to experimental Salmonella infection: studies on the protective capacity
      and immunogenicity of lipopolysaccharide, acetone-killed cells, and ribosome-rich
      extracts of Salmonella typhimurium in C3H/HeJ and CD-1 mice.

PMID- 690427
TI  - Shedding of bacteria and skin squames after handwashing.
AB  - Particles released into the air by wringing the hands together were collected in
      a slit sampler before and after washing with bar soap, with three surgical
      scrubs, and after rubbing them with a spirit-based lotion. The particles were
      identified, their number estimated, those that bore bacteria counted, and the
      bacteria themselves classified. It was found that there was a significant
      increase, averaging 17-fold, in the number of particles carrying viable bacteria
      released after washing with soap. The increase in bacterial dissemination was
      suppressed if a surgical scrub was used in place of soap, or when the lotion was
      used without washing. The number of skin squames released increased by 18-fold or
      more after washing with soap or a surgical scrub, but not after using the lotion.
      This suggests that a surgical scrub should be used more widely in clinical
      practice, and that a spirit-based hand lotion might with advantage become a
      partial substitute for handwashing, particularly in areas where handwashing is
      frequent and iatrogenic coagulase-negative staphylococcal infection common.

PMID- 690429
TI  - Structural studies on protein products of murine chromosome 17. III. Partial
      amino acid sequence of an H-2Kq molecule.
AB  - Twenty-one of the amino terminal twenty-seven amino acid residues have been
      assigned in the murine H-2Kq molecule and several additional assignments and
      corrections have been made in both the H-2Kk and H-2Kb molecules. The study shows
      that 1) H-2Kk and H-Kq, which are serologically related, have an identical amino
      acid sequence for all twenty positions that can be compared, 2) the H-2Kk and H
      2Kq molecules differ from H-2Kb at only two positions--9 and 22, and 3) the
      additional sequence data on the H-2Kk, -Kb, and -Kq molecules increases the
      already striking homology between murine and human transplantation antigens.

PMID- 690430
TI  - Quantitative analysis of spleen cell and immunoglobulin allotype composition of
      (CBAxCBA/H-T6) in equilibrium C57BL/6 allophenic mice.
AB  - Fifteen (CBAxCBA/H-T6) in equilibrium C57BL/6 allophenic mice were analyzed for
      the parental composition of their spleen white blood cells and serum
      immunoglobulin allotypes. The spleen compositions, assessed by a
      microcytotoxicity test, showed that the animals covered a range of parental cell
      mixtures. The allotype compositions of the IgG2a and IgG2b subclasses were
      determined by a solid phase radioimmunoassay. Although the absolute amount of
      IgG2a and IgG2b varied markedly from animal to animal, the percentage of the two
      allotypes in each subclass was remarkably constant. This suggests that the
      synthesis of IgG2a and IgG2b may be under a coordinate control system. Also, the
      spleen cell compositons were in excellent agreement with both the IgG2a and IgG2b
      subclass compositions. The quantitative analysis of the immune systems of
      allophenic mice may be first step toward the understanding of the mechanisms of
      tolerance of histoincompatible cells in allophenic mice.

PMID- 690431
TI  - Binding of desoxycholate, phosphatidylcholine vesicles, lipoprotein and of the S
      protein to complexes of terminal complement components.

PMID- 690432
TI  - Idiotypic analysis of anti-GAT antibodies. I. Presence of common idiotypic
      specificities in both responder and nonresponder mice.
AB  - The synthetic terpolymer of L-glutamic acid60-L-alanine30-L-tyrosine10 (GAT)
      induced anti-GAT antibodies in D1.LP mice. Some of these antibodies shared common
      idiotypic specificities. The interaction between idiotypic antibody and anti
      idiotypic antiserum was specifically inhibited by GAT and the closely related
      polymer of L-glutamic acid and L-tyrosine (GT) but not by the copolymer of L
      glutamic acid and L-alanine (GA). The binding of labeled GAT by the anti-GAT
      antibodies was also specifically inhibited by the anti-idiotypic antiserum. These
      results indicated a close association of idiotypic determinants with the antibody
      combining sites. Furthermore, such active site-related common idiotypic
      specificities were found in individual sera of both responder mice (D1.LP) and
      nonresponder mice (DBA/1) immunized with GAT and GAT-MBSA, respectively,
      indicating that both responder and nonresponder mice carry B cells with common
      clonotypes.

PMID- 690433
TI  - The primary structure of a human immunoglobulin G2 (IgG2) pFc' fragment.
AB  - Amino acid sequence analysis of the pFc' fragment obtained by pepsin digestion of
      a human IgG2 myeloma protein PIG Gm (n or 23) negative shows it to consist of 112
      residues. It starts at position 334 (gamma1 numbering) and contains eight
      residues from the Cgamma2 region, and the whole Cgamma3 domain. Comparison with
      the sequence of gamma1 shows two differences at positions 339 and 397. Each of
      them can be explained by a single base substitution. This high degree of homology
      among gamma-chain subclasses suggests a recent diversification.

PMID- 690434
TI  - Effect of in vitro virus infection on response of human monocytes and lymphocytes
      to mitogen stimulation.

PMID- 690435
TI  - Cytotoxic activities of gut mucosal lymphoid cells in guinea pigs.
AB  - Populations of lymphoid cells were obtained from the gastrointestinal tract of
      guinea pigs and compared with splenic cells for effector cell activity in assays
      of spontaneous cell-mediated cytotoxicity (SCMC), mitogen-induced cellular
      cytotoxicity (MICC), and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC).
      Lymphoid cells were isolated from mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), Peyer's patches
      (PP), and the small intestinal mucosa. Mucosal lymphoid cells were separated into
      a population of cells containing intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL), and a second
      population of cells containing intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL), and a second
      population of cells containing lamina propria (LP) lymphocytes by a combination
      of physical and enzymatic methods. All populations of lymphoid cells from the
      gastrointestinal tract were capable of mediating MICC. Relative to spleen cells,
      IEL possessed more MICC effector cell activity whereas cells from MLN, PP, and LP
      possessed less activity. In contrast, SCMC and ADCC effector cell activities were
      present only in the IEL population and these cytotoxic activities were comparable
      to that of splenic cells. These results demonstrate that mucosal lymphoid cells
      possess cytotoxic effector cell activities that may contribute to local mucosal
      immunologic reactivity.

PMID- 690436
TI  - Molecular characterization of the Ss and Slp (C4) proteins of the mouse H-2
      complex: subunit composition, chain size polymorphism, and an intracellular (PRO
      Ss) precursor.

PMID- 690437
TI  - Enhancement by interferon of lymphocyte cytotoxicity in normal individuals to
      cells of human lymphoblastoid lines.

PMID- 690438
TI  - Separate pathways of C activation by measles virus cytotoxic antibodies: subclass
      analysis and capacity of F(ab) molecules to activate C via the alternative
      pathway.

PMID- 690439
TI  - Serologic analysis of tumor-associated surface antigens on a Moloney leukemia
      virus-induced lymphoma, MBL-2.

PMID- 690440
TI  - Structural studies of the H-2D products of the mouse mutant BALB/c-H-2Ddb and the
      parental strain BALB/cKh-H-2Dd.
AB  - The tryptic peptide profile characteristics of the H-2D glycoprotein, isolated by
      immunoprecipitation from the MHC mutant mouse strain BALB/c-H-2Ddb, were compared
      with those of the H-2D molecule from the parent strain BALB/cKh-H-2Dd. At each
      stage of purification these molecules exhibited identical biochemical properties
      and on peptide mapping we observed that the Ddb molecule showed no detectable
      peptide differences from the Dd molecule of the nonmutant parent. These data thus
      support the concept that the site of mutation in this mutant strain, although
      located in the D region of the MHC, is distinct from the gene coding for
      molecules bearing the H-2.4 private specificity.

PMID- 690442
TI  - Concanavalin A increases glyoxalase enzyme activities in polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes and lymphocytes.
AB  - Glyoxalase I converts methylglyoxal and glutathione to S-lactoylglutathione and
      glyoxalase II converts this compound to D-lactic acid, regenerating glutathione
      in the process. A recent study from my laboratory has provided evidence that S
      lactoylglutathione modulates microtubule assembly in vitro whereas concanavalin A
      (Con A) has been shown to increase microtubule occurrence in polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes (PMN). The present report describes the dose-dependent activation by
      Con A of both glyoxalase I and II in PMN and lymphocytes. In nine experiments
      with PMN, Con A (100 microgram/ml) increased glyoxalase I and II activities by 19
      +/- 8% and 12 +/- 10% (mean +/- S.D.). In 17 experiments with lymphocytes,
      activation of the two enzymes by 10 microgram/ml Con A was 30 +/- 14% and 28 +/-
      8%. Changes occurred after a 1-min incubation with Con A and persisted for at
      least 60 min. Since both enzyme activities are increased it is not clear if S
      lactoylglutathione levels are increased or decreased but presumably they change.
      The present findings are compatible with the hypothesis that Con A increases
      microtubule occurrence in PMN by affecting the glyoxalase enzymes. They also
      represent a newly described early biochemical change caused by Con A in
      lymphocytes.

PMID- 690441
TI  - Amplification of the activity of human leukocyte inhibitory factor (LIF) by the
      generation of a low molecular weight inhibitor of PMN leukocyte chemotaxis.
AB  - Leukocyte inhibitory factor (LIF), which was derived from human peripheral blood
      lymphocytes by stimulation with concanavalin A ad partially purified by Sephadex
      G-100 gel filtration, inhibited the in vitro spontaneous migration and chemotaxis
      of human PMN leukocytes as assessed in a Boyden chamber micropore filter assay.
      The inhibitory activity was attributed to LIF, a principle defined in terms of
      its inhibition of PMN leukocyte migration from glass capillary tubes since it was
      preferentially directed to PMN leukocytes as compared to mononuclear leukocytes,
      exhibited a size comparable to LIF by gel filtration, and was inactivated by
      diisopropyl fluorophosphate in parallel with LIF. Incubation of PMN leukocytes
      with LIF released additional inhibitory activity, distinct from LIF, which
      resembled the neutrophil-immobilizing factor (NIF) by virtue of its approximate
      m.w. of 4000 by filtration on Sephadex G-25, inactivation by trypsin digestion,
      and preferential noncytotoxic inhibition of spontaneous migration and chemotaxis
      of PMN leukocytes as compared to mononuclear leukocytes. Thus LIF inhibits PMN
      leukocyte migration both by a direct action on the cells and by an amplification
      pathway that is mediated by low m.w. chemotactic inhibitors similar to NIF.

PMID- 690443
TI  - Immunologic block against antigen absorption from isolated perfused rabbit lungs.
AB  - In previous studies with isolated perfused rabbit lungs, we observed that inhaled
      human serum albumin (HSA) or ovalbumin (OA) entered the pulmonary circulation
      antigenically intact. The inhaled proteins were also metabolized in the lung.
      Immunization reduced the amount of intact protein and increased the amount of
      metabolites absorbed. In the present study, we have begun to characterize the
      immune mechanisms responsible for reduced antigen absorption. A humoral immune
      mechanism appeared to be involved because the phenomenon could be passively
      transferred to normal animals by administering immune serum either 18 hr or
      immediately before antigen inhalation. The reduction was also observed when lungs
      from immunized rabbits were perfused with normal rabbit blood, indicating that
      antibodies in both lung and blood may be involved. Experiments, in which lungs
      from immunized rabbits were simultaneously insufflated with the immunizing
      antigen and with a nonspecific protein, demonstrated that the block against
      antigen absorption was specific for the immunizing antigen and was not due to
      some antigen-induced nonspecific changes in lung physiology.

PMID- 690444
TI  - Lung injury produced by immune complexes of varying composition.
AB  - Immune complexes consisting of rabbit antibody to bovine serum albumin (BSA) have
      been made up at 1X, 3X, 6X, 8X, and 20X antigen equivalence. The complement
      fixing activity of these complexes is inversely proportional to the amount of
      antigen present in the complexes, and, as expected, solubility of the complexes
      progressively increases with increasing amounts of antigen. The ability of these
      complexes to induce acute pulmonary injury and inflammatory responses has been
      quantitatively assessed. Complexes preformed at antigen equivalence are the most
      damaging to lung, correlating with their complement fixing activity. When the
      antigen concentration in the complexes is increased 3 to 6 times beyond the point
      of equivalence, the phlogistic activity of the complexes drops off rapidly, as
      demonstrated by a sharp decline in the changes in vascular permeability,
      hemorrhage, and morphologic evidence of inflammation. These studies provide the
      first evidence that changing the physicochemical parameters of preformed immune
      complexes by simply altering the ratio of antigen to antibody can dramatically
      alter the phlogistic properties of immune complexes for pulmonary tissue.

PMID- 690445
TI  - H-2 linked Ir gene control of antibody responses to porcine insulin. I.
      Development of insulin-specific antibodies in some but not all nonresponder
      strains injected with proinsulin.
AB  - Cell-mediated and humoral immune responses to heterologous insulins in mice are
      controlled by H-2 linked, dominant, immune response (Ir) genes. For example, mice
      bearing the H-2d haplotype develop T cell proliferative responses and produce
      antibody after injection with porcine insulin, whereas mice bearing other H-2
      haplotypes do not. Data presented in this communication demonstrate that
      homozygous and heterozygous H-2d mice produce insulin-binding antibodies when
      immunized with porcine insulin or proinsulin. Some (H-2b,k,s) insulin
      nonresponder mice produce insulin-binding antibodies after injection of
      proinsulin, whereas other insulin-nonresponder strains (H-2q) do not. All
      strains, except homozygous H-2q mice, produce antibodies specific for proinsulin,
      suggesting that the response to porcine proinsulin is also controlled by H-2
      linked Ir genes. More importantly, F1 hybrids between insulin-nonresponder
      C57BL/10 (H-2b) and DBA/1 (H-2q) produce no insulin-binding antibodies when
      injected with proinsulin, despite the fact that proinsulin-binding antibodies are
      produced by these mice.

PMID- 690446
TI  - Effect of tunicamycin on IgM, IgA, and IgG secretion by mouse plasmacytoma cells.
AB  - Tunicamycin, an antibiotic that prevents glycosylation of glycoproteins by
      blocking the formation of N-acetylglucosamine-lipid intermediates, was used to
      study the importance of glycosylation for the secretion of immunoglobulins by
      mouse plasmacytoma lines that produce immunoglobulins of different classes.
      Biosynthetically labeled secreted and intracellular immunoglobulins were measured
      by immunoprecipitation assays. Tunicamycin, at a concentration of 0.5 mug/ml
      produced an 81% inhibition of IgM secretion by MOPC 104E plasma cells without
      significantly affecting the initial rate of synthesis of intracellular IgM. No
      increase in the intracellular degradation of nonglycosylated IgM could be
      demonstrated. Tunicamycin also produced a 64% average inhibition of IgA secretion
      by several mouse IgA-secreting plasmacytoma lines. In contrast, despite
      inhibiting the incorporation of D-[14C] glucosamine into newly synthesized IgG,
      tunicamycin only produced a 28% average inhibition of IgG secretion, which was
      only slightly more than the nonspecific inhibition of secretion of the normally
      nonglycosylated lambda2 light chains by variant MOPC 315 plasmacytomas. These
      data indicate that the extent of inhibition of immunoglobulin secretion produced
      by tunicamycin depends on the immunoglobulin class produced by the plasma cell.

PMID- 690447
TI  - Relationship between trinitrophenol and H-2 antigens on trinitrophenyl-modified
      spleen cells. III. Quantitative aspects of trinitrophenol binding on cells
      treated with trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid.
AB  - Splenic lymphoblasts or normal spleen cells were treated with varying
      concentrations of TNBS in order to assess whether cell membrane H-2 molecules
      were derivatized with TNP. Cells treated with high concentrations of TNBS had
      their cell membrane H-2 molecules derivatized and functioned antigenically as
      inhibitors in a cold target TNP-CML competition assay. In contrast, cells
      derivatized with lower concentrations of TNBS had a significant proportion of
      their membrane proteins derivatized with TNP but did not have their H-2 molecules
      derivatized. These latter cells were unable to block anti-TNP cytotoxic effector
      cells in the competition assay. When cells were treated with 3H-TNBS, it was
      observed that TNP couples to cell membrane H-2, Ia and Ig molecules, and an
      estimate of the number of TNP molecules bound per cell at varying concentrations
      of TNBS was determined. The data obtained are consistent with there being a
      requirement for TNP to directly derivatize H-2 molecules on the cell membrane in
      order to create antigenic determinants that can be recognized by cytotoxic anti
      TNP effector cells. As an alternative, there may be a requirement for the
      presence of a high density of TNP molecules per cell rather than direct H-2
      derivatization by TNP in order to account for activity.

PMID- 690448
TI  - Bacteriological study of postoperative wound infections.

PMID- 690449
TI  - Oral chloroquine therapy in premature beats.

PMID- 690450
TI  - Percutaneous transhepatic choalngiography.

PMID- 690451
TI  - The problem in the diagnosis of chronic synovitis of knee.

PMID- 690452
TI  - Conjunctival cysticercosis.

PMID- 690453
TI  - Amoeloblastic fibroma in an adult.

PMID- 690454
TI  - Arrhythmias and anti-arrhythmic drugs.

PMID- 690455
TI  - Study of serum lipoproteins by polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis.

PMID- 690456
TI  - Congenital and acquired coarctation of aorta.

PMID- 690457
TI  - Pregnancy and heart diseases.

PMID- 690458
TI  - Problems in the diagnosis of hypertension.

PMID- 690459
TI  - Sick sinus syndrome associated with cerebrovascular accident.

PMID- 690460
TI  - Familial non-haemolytic hyperbilirubinaemia.

PMID- 690461
TI  - The challenge of hypertension.

PMID- 690462
TI  - Down with high blood pressure.

PMID- 690463
TI  - Gangrenous colons associated with amoebiasis.

PMID- 690464
TI  - Clinical evaluation of Scheie's operation in glaucomatous eyes.

PMID- 690465
TI  - Use of a common Indian herb "Mandukaparni" in the treatment of leprosy
      (preliminary report).

PMID- 690466
TI  - Doxycycline in the treatment of urinary tract infection.

PMID- 690467
TI  - Chylous ascites.

PMID- 690468
TI  - Polycythaemia due to nephrotic syndrome.

PMID- 690469
TI  - Surgical complications of amoebiasis and their diagnostic problems.

PMID- 690470
TI  - Diagnostic value of nerve excitability test in facial nerve paralysis of varying
      aetiology.

PMID- 690471
TI  - Immunoglobulin allotypes in African populations. I. Gm--Am haplotypes in a
      Nigerian population.
AB  - The study of immunoglobulin allotypes in various Negro populations has shown that
      their polymorphism is different from that in other populations. This particularly
      true for the alleles of the gamma3 and alpha2 locus. Numerous investigations have
      been made in which a limited number of markers were determined. It seems to be of
      importance to compare the results of the determination of all markers known at
      present in different tribes from various African countries. Such information may
      ultimately lead to additional support for theories on the origin and migration of
      early African inhabitants. In this paper we resent the results of the study of
      the first of a series of studies on African populations.

PMID- 690472
TI  - X chromosome complement and serum levels of IgM in man and mouse.
AB  - The levels of IgM were measured in sera from mice with different chromosome
      complements, including 39,XO mice and phenotypically male mice bearing the sex
      reversed gene (Sxr) (XX,Sxr/+ and XY,Sxr/+). The mean values of IgM were found to
      be higher in normal female mice than in the males belonging to two different
      strains. This is in agreement with the higher mean serum levels of IgM observed
      in two groups of sera from normal human females and males. However, while we
      could confirm that the mean level of IgM was lower in 45,XO women than in normal
      females and comparable to the mean value of normal males, the same effect was not
      seen in 39,XO mice. In fact, the mean concentration of serum IgM in 39,XO mice
      was similar to that in normal females. Furthermore, it was observed that the mean
      values of serum IgM in the two groups of sex-reversed male mice (XX,Sxr/+ and
      XY,Sxr/+) were also not statistically different from those in normal males. Thus
      the role that the number of X chromosomes plays in the control of the serum
      levels of IgM is different in man and the mouse, in agreement with the observed
      different phenotypic manifestations, and in particular with the hormonal
      situations existing in X chromosome abnormalities in these two species.

PMID- 690473
TI  - Inherited structural variation and linkage relationships of C7.
AB  - Three structural forms of C7 have been distinguished by isoelectric focusing.
      They are the products of three co-dominantly expressed alleles at an autosomal
      locus. The C7 locus is close to that for C6, but is not close to the HLA complex.

PMID- 690474
TI  - HLA antigens as possible markers of heterogeneity in schizophrenia.
AB  - The distribution of HLA-A-, B- -and -C-locus antigens was tested in 200 male
      patients with final diagnosis of schizophrenia. A significant increase of HLA-A28
      and HLA-Cw4 antigens and haplotype A10--B18 was found. Indications were obtained
      for the increase of HLA-A1 in hebephrenic patients. It was presumed that the
      increase of CW4 represents the common denominator of the diverse findings on
      paranoid schizophrenia. The increase of CW4 indicates that the paranoid
      schizophrenia disease susceptibility locus is either the C locus itself or
      another closely linked locus (or loci). This would stress the importance of the
      HLA 'central' regions for HLA and disease associations. A hypothesis is presented
      which points to the possibility that HLA antigens could be genetic markers of
      three ethiopathogenetic subgroups of schizophrenia. The possible tests of this
      hypothesis are also suggested.

PMID- 690475
TI  - Temperature stress and immunity in mice: effects of environmental temperature on
      the antibody response to human immunoglobulin of mice, differing in age and
      strain.
AB  - Physiological responses at different ambient temperatures and temperature
      dependent changes in immune responsiveness are polymorphic. At 4 degrees C, the
      antigen elimination from the bodies of SJL and C57Bl/6 mice is accelerated. In
      SJL, but not in C57Bl/mice, the half-life of antigen elimination decreased
      between the ages of 3 and 11 weeks. Parental mice and their F1 hybrids showed a
      fall in rectal temperature, which was greatest in young animals. Hypothermia was
      greater in C57Bl/6 than in SJL and F1 hybrids; in 3 week old C57Bl/6 it resulted
      in high mortality. The response to aggregated human immunoglobulin (HGG) was
      evaluated by (a) the number of animals with detectable antibody, (b) the minimal
      dose of antigen eliciting detectable antibody, and (c) the mean titre of
      haemagglutinating antibody. SJL mice were more responsive than C57Bl/6 mice. Low
      antibody formation in the secondary response was dominant, i.e. the amount of
      antibody produced by (SJL X C57Bl/6)F1 mice was the same as that produced by the
      parental C57Bl/6 strain. In a primary response, the quantity of antibody varied
      with the age of the immunized animal; 18 week old mice responded to lower minimal
      doses of antigen and produced more haemagglutinating antibody than 3 week old
      animals. After a second injection with HGG, SJL but not C57Bl/6 mice produced
      more antibody when kept at 14 degrees C rather than at 22 degrees C or 30 degrees
      C, and produced the lowest antibody titres when kept at 4 degrees C. The relation
      between ambient temperature and the response of the SJL mice was dominant over
      that of the C57Bl/6strain. Primary differed from secondary responsiveness in that
      neither strain produced significantly lower titres when ambient temperature fell
      to 4 degrees C; only 18 week old SJL mice responded with a marginal decrease in
      peak antibody production. The described polymorphism may affect both the
      individual capacity to cope with low temperatures and the evolutionary adaptation
      of a species to climatic extremes.

PMID- 690476
TI  - Codominant inheritance of immune responsiveness.

PMID- 690477
TI  - The effect of stress on social interest and vice versa.

PMID- 690478
TI  - Helping adults change disjunctive emotional responses to children's misbehavior.

PMID- 690479
TI  - Inhibition of connective tissue proliferation by dermal extract.
AB  - Following the subcutaneous injection of a water soluble dermal extract (DE) of
      neonatal rat skin into young adult male rats, depression of nuclear labeling (DNA
      synthesis) was observed in proliferating connective tissue in several wound
      sites. At 16--20 hr following DE injection, DNA synthesis was depressed most in
      back wounds (57--87%) and maxillary palatal wounds (45--68%), and least in ear
      wounds (24--29%). Epithelium in the wound margins of back, ear and palate did not
      show a similar depression in DE-injected animals. This study suggests that a
      chalone-like negative feedback mechanism may be partially responsible for in vivo
      control of fibroblastic proliferation in wound healing.

PMID- 690480
TI  - Glucocorticoid inhibits elevated polyamine biosynthesis in psoriasis.

PMID- 690481
TI  - Surface distribution of pemphigus antibody-binding substances(s) on isolated
      guinea pig epidermal cells. An immunoferritin electron microscopic study.

PMID- 690482
TI  - Inflammatory and immune cell function in psoriasis--a subtle disorder I. In vivo
      and in vitro survey.
AB  - Intradermal skin testing of normal and psoriatic subjects with common antigens,
      SKSD, Derm-O and PPD, reveals psoriatic subjects to have a decrease in both the
      amount (not incidence) of erythema (p less than 0.005) and in-duration (p less
      0.005) to SKSD. Among all subjects having more than 10 mm erythema to Derm-O and
      SKSD, 49% of psoriatic and 77% of normal subjects have more than 10 mm induration
      (p less than 0.001). After sensitization, the response to 30 microgram challenge
      dose of dinitrochlorobenzene is positive in 50% of psoriatic and 88% of normal
      subjects (p less than 0.02). Uptake of (3)H thymidine by mitogen stimulated
      lymphocytes from psoriatic subjects is suppressed at each point of the linear
      component of a dose response curve. The mitogen dose to produce peak responses in
      psoriatics was 125% greater than that for normal subjects. In one-way mixed
      lymphocyte responses to pooled allogeneic stimulator lymphocytes, peripheral
      blood mononuclear cells from psoriatic subjects show suppression, the mean
      stimulation index was 55% of that of normal (p less than 0.01). Finally, in vitro
      polymorphonuclear leukocyte functions (chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and NBT
      reduction) appear to be within normal limits. When the foregoing parameters were
      compared with disease activity, there was no correlation.

PMID- 690483
TI  - Inflammatory and immune cell function in psoriasis: II. Monocyte function,
      lymphokine production.
AB  - We have previously confirmed that subjects with psoriasis have an alteration of
      cell-mediated immune responses. We now report a possible in vitro corollary; the
      amount of lymphokine (lymphocyte-derived chemotactic factor) released by both
      antigen-stimulated and control lymphocytes is decreased in psoriatic subjects;
      61% of similar values for normal subjects. Monocyte migration to complement
      derived chemotactic factors is reported to directly correlate to skin tests;
      however, in psoriasis the relation is inverse, i.e., a 200% increase in
      complement factors and 136% increase to lymphocyte-derived chemotactic factor in
      monocyte migration is noted in psoriatic subjects when compared with normal
      subjects. This increased migration does not correlate with amount of disease and
      is still present in "disease-free" subjects. Culturing monocytes from psoriatic
      subjects in media alone demonstrates they reduce more (205%) nitroblue
      tetrazolium than do monocytes of normal subjects. These data demonstrate that
      monocytes from subjects with psoriasis are altered and suggest an apparent
      inherent metabolic disorder.

PMID- 690484
TI  - In vitro responses of the epidermis to triiodothyronine.
AB  - The effect of exogenous triiodothyronine on replication and anabolic activity in
      human epidermis has been studied in vitro. Measurements of epidermal replication,
      as estimated by a labeling index technique and by thymidine incorporation into
      skin sheets, were increased (p less than 0.005) from the control value by
      exogenous triiodothyronine at twice its physiological unbound concentration.
      Higher concentrations of triiodothyronine did not alter these elevated values
      significantly. Epidermal anabolism, measured by the rates of incorporation of
      tritiated proline and histidine, and by histidine uptake assessed
      autoradiographically, responded similarly with increased values (p less than
      0.005) compared to controls in specimens incubated with twice physiological
      concentrations of the hormone. Further increases in the hormone concentration
      failed to change these measurements significantly. These observations indicate
      that the epidermis does respond to exogenous triiodothyronine in vitro, and
      support the concept that there are receptors for triiodothyronine associated with
      epidermal cells.

PMID- 690485
TI  - Physical forces in blister formation. The role of colloid osmotic pressure and of
      total osmolality in fluid migration into the rising blister.
AB  - The physical forces operative in the fluid migration from the interstitial spaces
      into the blister cleft have not been directly measured until now. The colloid
      osmotic pressure and the total osmolality were determined in suction blister
      fluid after mild suction blister production by a modified "Dermovac" and in
      blister fluid of patients with dermatitis herpetiformis, bullous allergic contact
      dermatitis and pemphigus vulgaris and in the sera of healthy persons. The colloid
      osmotic pressure was measured by means of a recently developed osmometer with a
      semipermeable membrane between 2 chambers, one of them filled with Ringer
      solution, the other with the blister fluid or serum sample. The negative pressure
      in the first chamber was determined. The colloid osmotic pressure of suction
      blister fluid averages approximately 7 cm H2O, the values reach about 20 cm H2O
      in bullous diseases and about 38 cm H2O in the normal sera. The blister fluid
      colloid osmotic pressure has to rise to about 15 cm H2O or more to cause the
      fluid transport from the interstitial spaces of the surrounding tissue into the
      blister because of the negative interstitial fluid pressure and the colloid
      osmotic pressure of the interstitial fluid. Otherwise the blister fluid is
      reabsorbed back into the interstitial spaces. The total osmolality does not
      differ in the serum and in the blister fluid. It does not seem to be
      etiologically connected with the fluid transport into the rising blister.

PMID- 690486
TI  - Serum immunoglobulin E in pemphigus.
AB  - Immunoglobulin E levels in the sera of patients with pemphigus (12 with Brazilian
      pemphigus foliaceus (BPF) and 11 with pemphigus vulgaris (PV)) were determined by
      means of a solid phase radioimmunoassay. A significant increase in IgE level was
      observed in BPF patients compared to the level of IgE in PV patients and healthy
      adults. The implications of an elevated level of IgE with respect to other
      aberrations of immunologic responsiveness and the suggested infectious etiology
      of BPF are considered.

PMID- 690487
TI  - Dermatitis herpetiformis and IgA.

PMID- 690488
TI  - Key challenge: cost of medical care.

PMID- 690489
TI  - Admissions matters.

PMID- 690490
TI  - Peritoneo-jugular (LeVeen) shunt for treatment of ascites.

PMID- 690491
TI  - Maternal and child health EPSDT activities.

PMID- 690492
TI  - [Evaluation of recurrence cases of gastric cancer (author's transl)].

PMID- 690493
TI  - [A statistical analysis for some routes of dissemination of cancer of the uterus
      based on autopsy records (author's transl)].

PMID- 690494
TI  - [Intra-operative radiotherapy on gastric carcinoma, as a support of operative
      therapy (author's transl)].

PMID- 690495
TI  - [Application of probit analysis to estimation of optimal dose in cancer
      chemotherapy and radiotherapy (author's transl)].

PMID- 690496
TI  - [Response of lymph node cells to Freund's complete adjuvant and their growth
      inhibition effect in experimental tumor (author's transl)].

PMID- 690497
TI  - The tenth myth: a rejoinder to Cruickshank's myths.

PMID- 690498
TI  - Error monitoring of schoolwork by learning disabled adolescents.

PMID- 690499
TI  - The application of single-subject research designs to the field of learning
      disabilities.

PMID- 690500
TI  - The assessment of children with learning problems: a planning process involving
      the teacher.

PMID- 690501
TI  - Constitutional growth delay and learning problems.

PMID- 690502
TI  - A comparison of the effects of reinforcement and response cost on the selective
      attention of learning disabled children.

PMID- 690503
TI  - Scanning, diagnosis, and intervention in the prevention of reading disabilities:
      I. Search: The scanning measure.

PMID- 690504
TI  - Scanning, diagnosis, and intervention in the prevention of reading disabilities:
      II. Teach: Learning tasks for the prevention of learning disabilities.

PMID- 690505
TI  - WISC subtest patterns as discriminators of perceptual disability.

PMID- 690506
TI  - Nodular gastric metaplasia. Confusion with gastric xanthelasma: curiosity or
      marker of future malignancy? A comprehensive review of the literature.

PMID- 690507
TI  - Promiscuous resusannies--a public health problem? A plastic typhoid Mary.

PMID- 690508
TI  - Orthopedic management of pathologic fractures in metastatic disease.

PMID- 690509
TI  - Clinical pharmacology of antiepileptic drugs.

PMID- 690510
TI  - Metabolism of cholesterol-enriched chylomicrons. Catabolism of triglyceride by
      lipoprotein lipase of perfused heart and adipose tissues.
AB  - The chemical and biochemical properties of cholesterol-enriched and cholesterol
      poor chylomicrons from rat lymph have been compared. The enriched particles,
      prepared from cholesterol-containing lipid dispersions, passed into the duodenum,
      had four to ten times the cholesteryl ester content of the control chylomicrons
      but had the same content of total "core" (cholesteryl ester + triglyceride)
      lipid. Both chylomicron species had the same protein composition, the same
      phospholipid composition, and the same composition of triglyceride fatty acids.
      The rate of hydrolysis of chylomicron triglyceride for enriched and control
      particles was determined using both soluble and membrane-supported lipoprotein
      lipase (LPL) species from heart and adipose tissues. The lipase that was
      functional in the isolated perfused heart showed no significant difference in
      initial catabolic rate with cholesterol-enriched and control chylomicrons. The
      same result was obtained with this isolated LPL species in vitro. The lipase that
      was functional in isolated perfused epididymal adipose tissue showed a slightly
      lower catabolic rate with cholesterol-enriched particles (84% of that obtained
      with control chylomicrons). The same result was obtained with isolated adipose
      tissue LPL. It is concluded that cholesteryl ester content of chylomicrons under
      these conditions neither affects their protein composition nor has a major effect
      on their rate of reaction with lipoprotein lipase.

PMID- 690511
TI  - Composition of proteins of mesenteric lymph chylomicrons in the rat and
      alterations produced upon exposure of chylomicrons to blood serum and serum
      proteins.
AB  - Protein composition was determined in mesenteric lymph chylomicrons from fat-fed
      rats. Among the proteins of intermediate molecular weight, apoproteins A-I and
      the arginine-rich apoprotein accounted for 31% and 4% of the total protein mass,
      respectively. Apoprotein B and apoprotein A-IV each accounted for about 10% and
      proteins of low molecular weight (C apoproteins and apoprotein A-II) accounted
      for most of the remainder. Apoprotein A-I also accounted for more than 30% of the
      protein mass of mesenteric lymph lipoproteins of density less than 1.006 g/ml
      ("small chylomicrons") obtained from rats fed glucose. Aproprotein A-I was
      partially dissociated from chylomicrons during brief ultracentrifugation. Both
      the arginine-rich apoprotein and the C apoproteins in rat blood serum were
      transferred to lymph chylomicrons from fat-fed rats during incubation in vitro.
      Content of arginine-rich apoprotein, determined immunochemically, increased six
      fold when chylomicrons were diluted to a final concentration of 500 mg/dl in
      blood serum. Upon incubation of chylomicrons in equivalent volumes of
      ultracentrifugal fractions of serum, the increase of the arginine-rich apoprotein
      was: very low density lipoproteins, 1.5-fold; high density lipoproteins, 1.8
      fold; density fraction greater than 1.006 g/ml, 5.0-fold; density fraction
      greater than 1.21 g/ml, 11-fold. Content of apoprotein A-I, also determined
      immunochemically, was not altered appreciably by exposure to serum or its
      ultracentrifugal fractions, whereas content of C apoproteins, estimated from
      intensity of staining of the low molecular weight protein component in
      polyacrylamide gel electropherograms, increased in all cases except for the
      density fraction greater than 1.21 g/ml. The fractional content of apoprotein A-I
      in the protein of chylomicrons fell after incubation, whereas that of the
      arginine-rich apoprotein remained constant or rose substantially. The fractional
      content of apoprotein A-IV in chylomicron-protein tended to follow that of
      apoprotein A-I, as judged from polyacrylamide gel electropherograms. Transfer of
      the arginine-rich and C apoproteins to chylomicrons from blood serum was directly
      related to the volume of serum in which the chylomicrons were diluted and
      occurred rapidly at room temperature or at 4 degrees C.

PMID- 690512
TI  - Changes in biliary lipid and biliary bile acid composition in patients after
      administration of ursodeoxycholic acid.
AB  - Twenty-three patients with gallstones were treated with two dosage levels of
      ursodeoxycholic acid, 600 mg/day and 150 mg/day. Two to three months after the
      treatment, the molar percentage of cholesterol in bile significantly decreased
      (from 7.4 to 4.5 mole % in the 600 mg group and from 7.6 to 4.0 mole % in the 150
      mg group), so that bile became unsaturated in most patients in both treatment
      groups. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups.
      Biliary ursodeoxycholate increased in proportion to dose, and the sum of
      ursodeoxycholic acid plus chenodeoxycholic acid in biliary bile acids was over
      70%. The was no significant increase in the proportion of lithocholate in bile.
      The major fecal bile acid of patients receiving ursodeoxycholic acid was
      lithocholic acid. Serum bile acid concentration rose slightly after 3 months of
      ursodeoxycholic acid treatment, and the major circulating bile acid became
      ursodeoxycholic acid. Ursodeoxycholic acid is well absorbed from intestine,
      undergoes little biotransformation during hepatic passage, and is 7
      dehydroxylated by colonic bacteria. The litholytic activity of ursodeoxycholic
      acid was demonstrated in two patients receiving 450 mg and 150 mg, respectively,
      of the bile acid per day.

PMID- 690513
TI  - Effects of acetate, acetaldehyde, and ethanol on lipolysis in isolated rat
      adipocytes.
AB  - The effects of different concentrations of acetate, acetaldehyde, and ethanol,
      alone or in combination, on the lipolysis rate, measured as glycerol release,
      were studied in isolated adipocytes from fed or fasted rats, in the basal state
      and at various levels of norepinephrine stimulation. Acetate inhibited the
      glycerol release in a dose-dependent manner (congruent to 10% inhibition at 2 mM,
      25--70% at 10 mM) with the most marked effects at low to moderate norepinephrine
      concentratione and at maximal (100 ng/ml) hormone stimulation. Ethanol, up to 100
      mM concentration, had no effect on the lipolysis rate. Acetaldehyde, up to 1 mM
      concentration, had no reproducible effect. Ethanol, acetaldehyde, and acetate in
      combination inhibited glycerol release to an extent similar to that of acetate
      alone.

PMID- 690514
TI  - Resolution of desmosterol, cholesterol, and other sterol intermediates by reverse
      phase high-pressure liquid chromatography.
AB  - A highly efficient technique has been developed for the resolution of several
      sterols that are intermediates in the biosynthesis of cholesterol and that differ
      only by one carbon-carbon double bond or by one methyl group. The technique
      described utilizes reverse-phase high-pressue liquid chromatography on a
      micronBondapak-C18 column with acetonitrile as eluting solvent. This procedure is
      capable of measuring the enzymatic conversion of desmosterol to cholesterol. This
      chromatographic separation can be conducted by reverse-phase high-pressure liquid
      chromatography in approximately 10 min, whereas other procedures can require
      several days.

PMID- 690515
TI  - Effects of small amounts of pentadecan-2-one on the growth of Clostridium
      butyricum.
AB  - Primary alcohols occur as trace lipids and are the only long-chain alcohol
      species present in Clostridium butyricum. Secondary alcohols do not occur
      physiologically in this microorganism. Exposure of these cells to the methyl
      ketone, pentadecan-2-one, results in a marked decrease in the primary alcohol
      content with the secondary alcohol, pentadadecan-2-ol, becoming the major alcohol
      present. This change in lipid composition is associated with a significant
      decrease in growth rate that is proportional to the log of the pentadecan 2-one
      concentration of the incubation medium. When these cells are incubated with
      pentadecan-2-ol alone, growth is unaffected. Simultaneous exposure of the
      bacteria to pentadecan-2-one and a mixture of primary alcohols results in a
      partial relief of the growth inhibition observed with the ketone alone. These
      observations indicate that pentadecan-2-one inhibits the formation of primary
      alcohols that are important for normal growth of this bacterium.

PMID- 690516
TI  - Analysis of bile acids in serum and bile by capillary gas-liquid chromatography.
AB  - Various liquid phases for glass capillary columns have been evaluated for gas
      liquid chromatographic analysis of methyl ester trimethylsilylether derivatives
      of bile acids from serum and bile. Bile acid analysis is rapid and exhibits high
      separation efficiency with a 20 X 0.3 mm glass capillary column whose internal
      surface is covered with a crystal layer of barium carbonate and coated with
      polyethyleneglycol 20000 as liquid phase according to Grob et al.

PMID- 690517
TI  - Quantification of adipocyte free and esterified cholesterol using liquid gel
      chromatography.
AB  - A reliable method for the separation of free and esterified cholesterol in
      adipocyte extracts is described. The procedure uses Sephadex LH-20, a lipophilic
      dextran gel, with a solvent system of chloroform-hexane 55:45 (v/v). Interference
      by excess triglyceride, such as that encountered in adipocyte total lipid
      extracts, was not observed, and overall recovery of both sterols exceeded 98%.

PMID- 690518
TI  - A rapid biosynthetic method for the preparation of radioactive phosphatidyl
      CMP(CDP-diacylglycerol) of high specific activity.
AB  - A procedrue is described for the preparation of [32P]phosphatidyl-CMP(CDP
      diacylglycerol) from rat pineal glands incubated with [32P]orthophosphate and DL
      propranolol. The product is 95% radiopure and a high specific acitivity. The
      yield of liponucleotide is 0.4--0.9 micron Ci/mCi of [32P]orthophosphate in the
      medium. The same method can also be used for the biosynthesis and purification of
      [3H]phosphatidyl-CMP when [3H]cytidine is the precursor.

PMID- 690519
TI  - Bile acids. OV. 2,2-Dimethoxypropane: an esterifying agent preferred to
      diazomethane for chenodeoxycholic acid.
AB  - Artifacts formed by methylation of chenodeoxycholic acid with diazomethane are
      identical to the synthetic 3alpha- and 7 alpha-monomethyl ethers of methyl
      chenodeoxycholate. The extent of formation of these artifacts with time has been
      studied. No detectable artifacts were found with 2,2-dimethoxypropane as the
      methylating agent.

PMID- 690524
TI  - The need for a practice management course in residency programs. Suggested
      program content.

PMID- 690525
TI  - USA surgery department's 5-year-record.

PMID- 690526
TI  - Nevoid basal-cell carcinoma syndrome or hereditary cutaneomandibular polyoncosis.

PMID- 690527
TI  - Another ileostomy appliance.

PMID- 690528
TI  - A case report. "H-Type" tracheoesophageal fistula. Endoscopic diagnosis.

PMID- 690529
TI  - Nuclear medicine.

PMID- 690531
TI  - How to get into medical school.

PMID- 690530
TI  - Child abuse. Prevention & treatment a community project.

PMID- 690532
TI  - A clinical trial of a vaginal preparation regimen for the prophylaxis of
      gonorrhea.

PMID- 690533
TI  - Relationship of clinical and X-ray pelvimetry and its outcome of pregnancy.

PMID- 690534
TI  - Subjective magnitude of auditory handicap in Thailand.

PMID- 690535
TI  - Haemolytic side effects of DFD in normal and G-6-PD deficient Thais.

PMID- 690536
TI  - A case of probable congenital tuberculosis successfully treated with rifampicin
      and INH.

PMID- 690537
TI  - Visual loss from ethambutol: clinical observations of seven patients.

PMID- 690538
TI  - Lipid profile in diabetic and nondiabetic subjects with and without myocardial
      infarction.

PMID- 690539
TI  - Frusemide in liver diseases with renal failure.

PMID- 690540
TI  - Reye's syndrome--a comparison between city and rural cases. A review.

PMID- 690541
TI  - Intravenous isoproterenol infusion in asthmatic attacks and life threatening
      status asthmaticus in Thai children.

PMID- 690542
TI  - Seroconversion and reaction of vaccines, rubella--mumps and measles--rubella-
      mumps combined.

PMID- 690543
TI  - Cobra neurotoxin inhibiting activity found in the extract of Curcuma sp.
      (Zingiberaceae).

PMID- 690544
TI  - Disease ecology and control: a nidal base approach to arthropod--borne virus
      infection.

PMID- 690545
TI  - Heart rupture secondary to blunt trauma.

PMID- 690546
TI  - Concealed pre-excitation.

PMID- 690547
TI  - Alternation of atrial cycle length in supraventricular tachycardia.
AB  - Nine cases of alternation of the atrial cycles during supraventricular
      tachycardia are presented, three of which were manifestly due to digitalis
      toxicity. They presented the following features: absence of 1/1 conduction,
      upright P waves in Lead II, atrial rates of 156-218. When alternation
      disappeared, the atrium adopted the longest of the previously inscribed cycles. A
      ventriculophasic cause was excluded. The possible mechanisms are discussed in
      terms of the known functional anatomy of the various forms of SVT.

PMID- 690549
TI  - Separation of the total TQ-ST deflection into its component TQ and ST deflections
      using a mobile epicardial wick electrode in porcine myocardial ischemia.

PMID- 690548
TI  - Electrophysiologic properties of alcohol in man.

PMID- 690550
TI  - A paucity of chronic electrocardiographic changes with adriamycin therapy.
AB  - Serial electrocardiograms (ECGs) of 49 patients receiving adriamycin were
      analyzed for the development of persistent changes. The ECG changes were compared
      with those of a control group of 20 patients receiving other chemotherapeutic
      drugs, which were comparable to the additional chemotherapy received by the
      adriamycin patients. The only chronic ECG changes noted with adriamycin over
      control were the loss of P wave amplitude in the greater than 500 mg/m2 dose
      subgroup and the clockwise rotation of the precordial QRS in the 250-500 mg/m2
      dose subgroup. In contrast, systolic time intervals demonstrated a gradual
      diminution in left ventricular function at increasing doses of adriamycin. The
      electrocardiogram itself appears to be of limited value in the assessment of
      cardiac toxicity with adriamycin therapy.

PMID- 690551
TI  - Ventriculophasic arrhythmia and synchronization: clinical observations and study
      on an electrical analogue.

PMID- 690552
TI  - Usefulness of carotid sinus pressure in detecting the sick sinus syndrome.

PMID- 690553
TI  - A quantitative technical quality assay method for electrocardiograms.
AB  - A method is presented for quantitative assessment of ECG technical quality to
      permit sensitive detection of performance trends of individual technicians or
      entire ECG laboratories. The common flaws in ECG recording technic are those
      which introduce ultra-low frequency artifact or baseline shift, powerline
      artifact, myographic and intermediate frequency artifact, clipping of waveforms,
      disconnection or reversal of electrodes and general faults of protocol adherence.
      Procedures for quantitating these attributes are presented and explained in order
      to arrive at a mean figure of merit for each ECG recording. Use of such a method
      can aid ECG technicians' understanding of the important features of tracing
      quality and provide an objective basis for the recognition of outstanding
      performance, on one hand, or the need for remedial training, on the other.

PMID- 690554
TI  - A controlled study of a new ECG electrode system.
AB  - A newly marketed resting ECG electrode system was compared with conventional
      metal suction and plate electrodes, electrode cream and patient cable. Two
      experienced technicians were given special training in the use of the new
      electrode, electrolyte and patient cable system and alternated daily in using new
      and conventional equipment. Nearly equal numbers of perfect-scoring ECGs were
      recorded with each system, attesting to the impartiality of the technicians. A
      total of 1,062 ECGs were evaluated, 554 with the new system and 508 with the
      conventional one. ECG tracings were evaluated by electrocardiographers unaware of
      which system was used for each. A quantitative scoring system was used to measure
      the technical quality of each tracing in terms of baseline drift, powerline
      artifact and myographic plus miscellaneous artifacts. The new system received
      mean scores of 2.33, 3.08, and 2.72, respectively, while the conventional
      electrodes received scores of 2.56, 3.03 and 2.79. We concluded that the two
      types of electrodes produced ECGs of essentially equal quality.

PMID- 690555
TI  - Metastatic atrial tumor: case report with electrocardiographic-pathologic
      correlation.
AB  - This report describes a case in which the pre-mortem diagnosis of a right atrial
      metastasis from a bronchogenic carcinoma was made on the basis of distinctive PR
      segment (atrial repolarization) changes and atrial arrhythmias. The differential
      diagnosis of such PR segment deviations also includes functional changes,
      pericarditis, atrial infarction, and other types of atrial injury.

PMID- 690557
TI  - Hazards in the use of external pacemakers.

PMID- 690556
TI  - Concealed atrial electrical activity.
AB  - In the following paragraphs we describe a case diagnosed clinically and
      haemodynamically as a cardiomyopathy. Atrial flutter which was not in evidence in
      the standard ECG was diagnosed by the use of a new technique of amplification and
      filtering of special surface leads (T.A.F.). The diagnosis was later confirmed by
      means of special internal techniques (intra-atrial ECG and His bundle recording).
      The existence of a subpraventricular rhythm, probably sinusal, and also
      unapparent in the standard ECG, was observed by using the same method after
      electrical defibrillation. We comment on the extreme rareness of discovering
      concealed atrial rhythms and their possible explanation, and we emphasize the
      usefulness of the T.A.F. technique in their diagnosis.

PMID- 690558
TI  - The organization of the cell wall and cross wall of Staphylococcus aureus after
      ultracryotomy and freeze-etching.

PMID- 690559
TI  - The fine structure of freeze-fractured presynaptic membranes prepared from guinea
      pig brain homogenates.

PMID- 690560
TI  - Spherical form of polypeptide aggregate.

PMID- 690561
TI  - Concentric circular structure of the cell wall of Staphylococcus epidermidis
      revealed by the scanning electron microscope.

PMID- 690562
TI  - A simplified freeze-drying technique for protozoan cells.

PMID- 690563
TI  - Possible role of rhabdite-forming cells in cellular succession of the planarian
      epidermis.

PMID- 690564
TI  - Analysis of second-order odor-aversion conditioning in neonatal rats:
      implications for Kamin's blocking effect.

PMID- 690565
TI  - Within-compound flavor associations.

PMID- 690566
TI  - Sensory preconditioning versus protection from habituation.

PMID- 690567
TI  - [Influence of specimen withdrawal on the results of chemical analyses of blood,
      plasma and serum in patients with stable or centralized circulation (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The influence of circulatory conditions, point of blood withdrawal (arterial,
      central or peripheral venous) and the plasma-serum relation on 29 clinical
      chemical and hematological parameters were studied with 22 polytraumatized
      patients. The conditions studied significantly affect the results, and must be
      taken into consideration in evaluating the results and their comparison to
      reference values. This is especially important for the determination of the
      catalytic activities of creatine kinase, aspartate and alanine aminotransferases,
      and alkaline phosphatase in centralized-circulatory patients, for the total
      protein the electrophoretic fractions and analyses of blood gas as a function of
      the point of blood withdrawal, and for the total protein, gamma-globulins and
      potassium when plasma is analysed instead of serum.

PMID- 690568
TI  - Development of a radioimmunoassay for pig pancreatic kallikrein.
AB  - A radioimmunoassay for the determination of pig pancreatic kallikrein was
      developed. The chloramine-T method was employed for the labelling of the antigen
      with 125I. The assay allows the determination of kallikrein in concentrations as
      low as 0.4 microgram/l. Pig urinary and pig submandibular kallikreins are
      indistinguishable from pig pancreatic kallikrein by the assay. No cross
      reactivity was observed for bovine trypsin and chymotrypsin, porcine trypsin and
      kallikreins of guinea pig submandibular glands and guinea pig coagulation glands.
      Because of the high specificity of the assay, which is not attainable with
      conventional assays based on the enzymatic activity, the radioimmunoassay is
      highly suited for investigations into the physiological role and the
      pharmacological mechanism of action of pig glandular kallikreins.

PMID- 690569
TI  - [Determination of the serum protein concentration based on the measurement of
      density by the mechanical oscillator technique (author's transl)].
AB  - A linear relation is well established between the density and protein
      concentration of the serum. The measurement of protein concentration by a new
      technique for the determination of the absolute density, the mechanical
      oscillator technique, was investigated. The method is based on the determination
      of the resonant frequency of a mechanical bending-type, U-shaped glass tube
      oscillator filled with the sample. The shift in the resonant frequency of the
      oscillator caused by the mass of the defined volume of the sample taking part in
      the vibration can be used to calculate the density or protein concentration of
      the sample. In spite of the low specificity of the method, the interference of
      substances like glucose, urea or triglycerides is small. Simplicity and rapid
      results of high accuracy recommend the mechanical oscillator technique for the
      routine laboratory.

PMID- 690570
TI  - [Quantitative determination of serum proteins using a new laser nephelometer
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Methodological aspects of quantitative serum protein determinations, using a
      newly developed laser nephelometer (PDQTM laser nephelometer, Hyland), are
      reported. For within-day precision, determination of the four serum proteins IgG,
      IgA, IgM and C'3, showed coefficients of variation between 2.5% and 4.6%. For
      precision from day to day, the average variation coefficient was 8%, the lowest
      value being 5%. Provisional normal values for the four proteins were ascertained
      from a small group of 60 healthy individuals. These results, as well as those
      obtained in states of disease, correlate with values obtained by radial
      immunodiffusion. It is concluded that the method is reliable, and has a number of
      important advantages compared to radial immunodiffusion; namely, the much higher
      precision, better sensitivity, particularly in lower concentration ranges, and
      availability of results within two hours.

PMID- 690571
TI  - Evaluation of a micromethod for the determination of glucose in skin-puncture
      blood for the DuPont aca.
AB  - A micromethod is described for the determination of glucose in 20 microliter of
      skin-puncture blood for the DuPont aca. For the determination of glucose we
      prefer whole blood which is deproteinised with uranyl acetate. Some modification
      of test conditions are programmed into the computer II. The emergency analysis of
      supernatant on the aca then gives the same values as the Technicon Autoanalyzer
      II, using glucose dehydrogenase for routine analyses. The aca readout is linearly
      related to glucose concentrations up to 60 mmol/l.

PMID- 690572
TI  - [Investigation of the interaction of carbamazepine or promazine with bovine serum
      albumin, using a new dialysis device (author's transl)].
AB  - The construction and operation of a new dialysis device are described. The
      unbound fraction of a drug in a buffered solution of albumin can be determined
      after 10-15 minutes. The usefullness of this device was demonstrated by the
      determination of the unbound fraction of Carbamazepine or Promazine in buffered
      solutions of bovine serum albumin. The results agreed with those obtained by
      control methods (equilibrium dialysis and gel filtration). Furthermore, the
      binding of Carbamazepine to bovine serum albumin was characterised by determining
      the overall binding constant (K1), the apparent binding constant (k+), the number
      of binding sites per molecule of albumin (n), the free reaction energy
      deltaFdegrees, and the unbound fraction of the drug.

PMID- 690573
TI  - Limulus psychophysics: temporal summation in the ventral eye.
AB  - Physiological experiments on the properties of temporal summation in single cells
      of the peripheral visual system of Limulus have shown that the type of temporal
      summation and the value of the critical duration depend on the way in which the
      investigator arbitrarily chooses to analyze the same physiological response. The
      behavioral expression of temporal summation should therefore depend upon the way
      in which the central nervous system actually analyzes responses transmitted by
      peripheral structures as well as upon the nature of these peripheral responses.
      Accordingly, the present two behavioral experiments investigated the analysis of
      temporal summation carried out by the central nervous system of Limulus by
      investigating the psychophysics of temporal summation mediated by the ventral
      eye. Supersummation occurred in both psychophysical experiments up to critical
      durations near 4.5 sec, which was approximately the same as the reaction times or
      latencies of the behavioral responses at threshold. The degree of supersummation
      was extreme; a fourfold change in stimulus duration required an almost 40,000
      fold change in stimulus intensity to remain at threshold. Even though some
      features of physiologically recorded receptor potentials have critical durations
      less than 10 msec, these findings suggest that the central nervous system of
      Limulus can integrate peripheral signals over intervals of many seconds. Since
      the source of the supersummation is the nonlinearity of the receptor transfer
      function at high levels, these results also indicate that a behavior at threshold
      can be mediated by a strong neural response.

PMID- 690574
TI  - Selective attention to attributes and to stimuli.

PMID- 690575
TI  - Habituation of orienting reflexes in repeated GSR semantic conditioning sessions.

PMID- 690576
TI  - Recognition failure of recallable words and recognizable words.
AB  - Three experiments are reported introducing variations in testing mode and cuing
      context into the general procedures used to demonstrate recognition failure of
      recallable words. Recognition failure of recognizable words can be demonstrated
      when a cued recognition test replaces the cued recall test in these general
      procedures. Also, recall failure of recallable words can be demonstrated if an
      uncued recall test replaces the initial uncued recognition test. If the initial
      recognition test involves cued recognition, then both the recognition failure of
      recallable words and the recognition failure of recognizable words are
      attenuated. Recognition failure of recognizable words was also present when
      distractors were not used in recognition testing. It was concluded that
      recognition-failure phenomena represent a special class of context effects; that
      is, they simply result from removing original study cues from one testing context
      and restoring them in a second testing context. It was suggested that theories of
      memory that recognize that memory performance may be sensitive to testing context
      are not contraindicated by the demonstration of recognition failure of recallable
      words.

PMID- 690577
TI  - WONCA, international sharing and research in general/family practive.

PMID- 690578
TI  - Treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis.

PMID- 690579
TI  - Chronic granulomatous disease in the adult.
AB  - Chronic granulomatous disease is a rare, inherited disease occasionally found in
      adults. It is characterized by repeated infections of the skin, lymph nodes, and
      viscera. The underlying cause is a metabolic inability of the leukocyte to
      destroy certain ingested bacteria and fungi that normally are saprophytes. The
      diagnois should be suspected in children and adults who present with repeated
      episodes of infection without an apparent underlying cause. The diagnosis can be
      established by the nitroblue tetrazolium test. Treatment is nonspecific and
      directed towards the underlying bacterial or mycotic infection rather than the
      genetically related deficiency of the leukocyte.

PMID- 690580
TI  - Polio immunization: benefits and risks.
AB  - There are epidemiological as well as legal risks to polio immunization. The
      physician should compare the risks of vaccination with the risks which attend
      nonvaccination. Another view of the incidence of paralysis following oral
      poliovaccine (OPV) shows that the risk is about 1.6 cases per 10(6) nonimmune
      children given OPV and that this rises to about ten cases per 10(6) nonimmune
      adults exposed to OPV. There is little evidence of reversion to virulence of the
      virus and it is proposed that susceptibility of vaccinees and contacts to OPV is
      genetic. The risk of contracting poliomyelitis from either vaccine or wild virus
      rises about tenfold from the age of about three years to about ten years and
      thereafter remains constant. The risk of vaccinating children must be balanced
      against a tenfold risk of vaccinating when older and against a very much higher
      risk of paralysis or death from a wild virus. Present vaccination policies have
      virtually eliminated wild virus from the United States but have left many
      nonimmunes. The consequences of reintroduction of wild virus are examined, and
      the legal implications of genetic susceptibility are briefly discussed.

PMID- 690581
TI  - Quality of life and factors affecting the response to hysterectomy .
AB  - Hysterectomy is the most commonly performed major surgery in the United States. A
      hysterectomy does not produce significant psychopathology in a psychologically
      mature woman. Yet a mourning process occurs as a woman reintegrates her gender
      identity. Organic pathology, age, socioeconomic class, types of significant
      relationships, meaning given menses, coitus, childbearing, children, and
      vocational and avocational involvements are variables affecting every woman's
      attitudes toward, decision to have, and reactions to a hysterectomy. Each woman's
      characteristic coping pattern in a personally threatening situation is apparent
      during her hospitalization. In the process of reorganizing her gender identity,
      other interests (vocational and avocational) and intimate interpersonal
      relationships will assume new significance. The most frequent psychopathological
      reaction is depression. A woman's potential for depression is increased with
      malignancy, predisposing personality features, a history of depressive responses
      to stress, and concurrent marital disruption. Data support a higher incidence of
      depression in posthysterectomy than in other postsurgical female patients.

PMID- 690582
TI  - Group therapy in family medicine: part 4: a case report.
AB  - This paper is the last of a four-part series and presents a case report of a
      patient who attended a 20-week course of group therapy in a family practice. She
      was a patient who identified herself as medically, but not psychiatrically, sick.
      She was appropriately investigated and referred within the practice for
      assessment of her suitability for group therapy. Her course of treatment is
      described and explained. The satisfactory outcome of this case suggests that
      there may be a place in a busy family practice for referral of this type of
      patient.

PMID- 690583
TI  - Recognition of depression by family medicine residents: the impact of screening.
AB  - Psychiatric problems are often encountered in general medical settings, yet
      physicians frequently fail to identify such problems. Validated questionnaires
      assessing psychiatric symptoms have been shown to be more sensitive than
      physicians in detecting cases of psychiatric morbidity. This study deals with
      depression, the psychiatric problem most frequently seen in primary care
      settings. A self-administered depression questionnaire was used to alert
      residents to possible cases of depression. Relay of information from the
      questionnaire significantly increased resident recognition of depression.

PMID- 690584
TI  - Experience of family practice residents as athletic team physicians.
AB  - Providing exposure for family practice residence to all aspects of community
      medicine is a common goal of training programs. The Antelope Valley Hospital
      Medical Center Family Practice Program has initiated an innovative project which
      involves residents serving as team physicians for local college athletic teams.
      This provides a valuable opportunity for residents to learn skills they can be
      expected to need in their future practice. The team physician's role offers
      educational potential for family practice residents through experience with acute
      orthopedic problems as well as the preventive and psychological aspects of sports
      medicine. This role also serves as an example of physician responsibility for
      health-related activities in the acommunity.

PMID- 690585
TI  - Family medicine in the undergraduate medical curriculum.
AB  - Family medicine has become an integral part of the under-graduate medical
      curriculum in many schools. The process of developing this important segment of
      the curriculum has encountered many difficulties which have centered around the
      particular phase in which family medicine is introduced in the student's
      development. The student must recognize family medicine as an academic discipline
      comparable to, and as important as, other traditional specialties. Through the
      use of the model practice unit, the development of cognitive behavioral
      objectives, and the provision of continuity of care experiences during the
      undergraduate medical curriculum, the student can grow to understand that family
      medicine is, in fact, as academically strong as other more traditional
      specialties. This article describes the experience, problems, and the development
      of these components in one medical school.

PMID- 690586
TI  - Pilot experience of a family practice-based combined clerkship.
AB  - In order to explore alternatives in clinical undergraduate medical education, an
      experimental Combined Clerkship was developed and implemented on the Grand Rapids
      campus of Michigan State University. Two third-year medical students spent three
      half-days per week for 36 weeks seeing patients in the family practice office, of
      a facluty member. Hospitalized patients from this practice were worked-up and
      used as the source of inpatient specialty learning. The students attended
      lectures and took oral and written examinations of all required clerkships, but
      had no specific hospital assignment during this  time. Two hundred nineteen
      patients were followed by these students, compared to 174 required by the
      clerkships. All written and oral examinations were passed. In addition to meeting
      all clerkship objectives, the students cared for 680 outpatients presenting 1,035
      ICHPPC-coded problems. The top ten diagnoses were identified collectively and
      individually, and were compared to other published studies for corroboration of
      representative patient problems. This project demonstrates that the objectives of
      required clerkships can be met in an alternative setting that allows the addition
      of other important experiences.

PMID- 690587
TI  - Hospital problems cared for by one family physician.
AB  - Most family physicians provide regular care in the community hospital setting.
      The North American literature is quite deficient in documenting this aspect of
      family practice. The purpose of this paper is to present the content of problems
      cared for in a small community hospital. The study population consisted of all
      inpatients care for principally by the author during the first year in practice.
      The hospital is a 100-bed facility in a representative midwestern community of
      15,000. Data analyzed included age, sex, discharge diagnoses, and outcome.
      Diagnoses were coded and organized according to the ICHPPC code. During the one
      year study period, 509 hospital problems were cared for. Primary responsibility
      for 235 hospitalizations was assumed, for an average of 19.6 patients
      hospitalized per month. The age/sex profile, when corrected for newborns and
      obstetric patients, showed peaks in the 75+ age category for both sexes. By major
      ICHPPC category, circulatory system diseases ranked first and respiratory
      diseases ranked second. Most frequent specific diagnoses were: (1) newborn care,
      (2) vaginal delivery, (3) congestive heart failure, (4) diabetes, and (5) chronic
      lung disease. There were eight deaths of 3.4 percent of the hospitalizations.

PMID- 690588
TI  - Process and outcome: lack of correlation in a primary care model.
AB  - Records of 87 hypertensive patients in a group family practice were reviewed to
      assess the validity of the process audit in determining medical care quality.
      Although a significant reduction in mean diastolic blood pressures was found at
      two follow-up intervals, physician performance scores showed no significant
      correlation with this outcome. Nor could an association between medical process
      and outcome be demonstrated when control of blood pressure to less than 95 mmHg
      was used as an outcome measure. The reliability between two chart auditors was
      poor, with complete agreement being achieved in only 29 percent of cases.
      Accurate quality assessment will require more practical methods of review which
      relate directly to patient outcomes.

PMID- 690589
TI  - A family medicine information system: the beginning of a network for practicing
      and resident family physicians.

PMID- 690590
TI  - Cervical cytology: use and follow-up.
AB  - The Pat smear was introduced to clinical medicine 35 years ago. It is the most
      practical means of screening for precancerous lesions of the cervix. Endocervical
      and ectocervical samples improve detection. Colposcopy and colposcopically
      directed biopsy will document the most advanced lesion in almost all cases. The
      need for conization has been greatly reduced. Treatment of intraepithelial
      neoplasia will prevent the development of invasive cancer of the cervix.

PMID- 690591
TI  - The clinical conference in family practice training.

PMID- 690592
TI  - Incidence of asymptomatic gonorrhea in women.
AB  - Sixty-six of 70 consecutive cases of gonorrhea in women were reviewed
      retrospectively for presenting symptoms. Forty-four (44) percent were
      asymptomatic while an additional 48 percent mentioned only a vaginal discharge.
      The importance of taking routine gonorrhea cultures on all sexually active women
      is stressed. In medical settings where experience has shown a low yield of
      positive cultures, the Pennsylvania Health Department's priorities can be used to
      select the patients at highest risk of disease.

PMID- 690593
TI  - Coping with stress in Family practice residency training.

PMID- 690594
TI  - The response of the Limulus retina to moving stimuli: a prediction by Fourier
      synthesis.
AB  - The Limulus retina responds as a linear system to light stimuli which vary
      moderately about a mean level. The dynamics of such a system may conveniently be
      summarized by means of a spatiotemporal transfer function, which describes the
      response of the system to moving sinusoidal gratings. The response of the system
      to an arbitrary stimulus may then be calculated by adding together the system's
      responses to suitably weighted sinusoidal stimuli. We have measured such a
      spatiotemporal transfer function for the Limulus eye. We have then accurately
      predicted, in a parameter-free calculation, the eye's response to various
      stimulus patterns which move across it at several different velocities.

PMID- 690595
TI  - Potassium transference in Nitella.
AB  - Transmembrane movements of K+ and Cl- were studied under a variety of
      experimental conditions. Potassium was found to carry more than 50% of an
      externally applied inward positive current. The increase in K+ influx was much
      greater than that predicted by the purely passive model. The increase in Cl-
      efflux accounted for less than 10% of the applied current, in agreement with the
      value predicted for passive movement. 2,4-Dinitrophenol (DNP) caused an 80%
      reduction in K+ transference and a corresponding increase in the measured
      electrical resistance of the membrane. DNP also reduced the isotopically measured
      resting K+ influx and caused a substantial increase in both Cl- influx and
      efflux. Lowering of the pH from 5.7 to 4.7 also reduced the net K+ influx but
      without drastically altering the membrane resistance. It appears the major
      portion of an externally applied current does not travel through passive
      channels, but rather is shunted through a different membrane component. In
      conjunction with evidence previously establishing the H+ pump as the primary ion
      pump in Nitella, the data presented here are consistent with a K+/H+ exchange
      mechanism which can account for the observed net K+ accumulation and maintenance
      of the membrane potential above the electrochemical equilibrium potential of the
      major ions. This mechanism appears to be a likely candidate for the current
      shunt.

PMID- 690596
TI  - Alteration of sensitivity and time scale in invertebrate photoreceptors exposed
      to anoxia, dinitrophenol, and carbon dioxide.
AB  - The effects of anoxia, 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), and carbon dioxide (CO2) on the
      late receptor potential of Balanus lateral ocelli, Limulus ventral eyes, and the
      retinular cells of Linulus lateral eyes have been studied. Either anoxia, DNP, or
      exposure to 100% CO2 causes a depolarization of 5-30 mV and a gradual reduction
      and eventually abolition of the late receptor potential and an increase in the
      latency and time to peak of the response. This lengthening of the time scale is
      in contrast to the response obtained in photoreceptors that have been light
      adapted or injected with calcium. In that case a loss in sensitivity is
      associated with a decrease in latency and time to peak. Because of these observed
      differences, the effects of metabolic inhibition cannot be attributed merely to a
      loss in regulation of intracellular free calcium. Rather, because alteration of
      intracellular pH (pHi) by using either (NH4)2SO4 or CO2 produced changes in the
      photoresponse similar to those caused by metabolic inhibition, it is suggested
      that changes in pHi during metabolic inhibition can account in part for the
      lengthening of the time scale. In addition to the changes in pHi and internal
      Ca++ concentration due to metabolic inhibition, the possible role of other
      consequences of metabolism in the transduction mechanism is also discussed.

PMID- 690597
TI  - Lithium transport pathways in human red blood cells.
AB  - In human red cells, Li is extruded against its own concentration gradient if the
      external medium contains Na as a dominant cation. This uphill net Li extrusion
      occurs in the presence of external Na but not K, Rb, Cs, choline, Mg, or Ca, is
      ouabain-insensitive, inhibited by phloretin, and does not require the presence of
      cellular ATP. Li influx into human red cells has a ouabain-sensitive and a
      ouabain-insensitive but phloretin-sensitive component. Ouabain-sensitive Li
      influx is competitively inhibited by external K and Na and probably involves the
      site on which the Na-K pump normally transports K into red cells. Ouabain does
      not inhibit Li efflux from red cells containing Li concentrations below 10 mM in
      the presence of high internal Na or K, whereas a ouabain-sensitive Li efflux can
      be measured in cells loaded to contain 140 mM Li in the presence of little or no
      internal Na or K. Ouabain-insensitive Li efflux is stimulated by external Na and
      not by K, Rb, Cs, choline, Mg, or Ca ions. Na-dependent Li efflux does not
      require the presence of cellular ATP and is inhibited by phloretin, furosemide,
      quinine, and quinidine. Experiments carried out in cells loaded in the presence
      of nystatin to contain either only K or only Na show that the ouabain
      insensitive, phloretin-inhibited Li movements into or out of human red cells are
      stimulated by Na on the trans side and inhibited by Na on the cis side of the red
      cell membrane. The characteristics of the Na-dependent unidirectional Li fluxes
      and uphill Li extrusion are similar, suggesting that they are mediated by the
      same Na-Li countertransport system.

PMID- 690598
TI  - Kinetics and stoichiometry of Na-dependent Li transport in human red blood cells.
AB  - This paper describes the kinetics and stoichiometry of a tightly coupled Na-Li
      exchange transport system in human red cells. The system is inhibited by
      phloretin and furosemide but not by ouabain. Li influx by this system increases
      and saturates with increasing concentrations of external Li and internal Na and
      is inhibited competitively by external Na. Comparable functions relate Li efflux
      and Na efflux to internal and external Li and Na concentrations. Analysis of
      these relations yields the following values for the ion concentrations required
      to half-maximally activate the transport system: internal Na and Li 9.0 and 0.5
      mM, respectively, external Na and Li 25 and 1.5 mM, respectively. The system
      performs a 1:1 exchange of Na and Li moving in opposite directions across the red
      cell membrane. We found no evidence for a simultaneous transport of more than one
      Na and Li by the system. The maximum transport rate of Na-dependent Li transport
      varied between 0.1 and 0.37 mmol/(liter of cells X h) in the red cells of the
      five normal male subjects studied. No significant variations between individual
      subjects were observed for bicarbonate-stimulated Li transport and for the
      residual Li fluxes which occur in the absence of bicarbonate and in the presence
      of ouabain plus phloretin.

PMID- 690599
TI  - Transfer of gentamicin resistance between strains of Staphylococcus aureus on
      skin.

PMID- 690600
TI  - Mannose-sensitive haemagglutinins in adherence of Vibrio cholerae eltor to
      intestine.

PMID- 690602
TI  - Kinetics of net RNA degradation during development in Dictyostelium discoideum.
AB  - Based on dry weight, first-order kinetics adequately describe the net decrease of
      RNA in Dictyostelium discoideum NC-4 until culmination, when a cessation of RNA
      degradation occurs. Between aggregation and sorocarp formation, the cells lose
      40% of their RNA, or 19 mM-glucose equivalents expressed in terms of cell volume
      at aggregation. In sorocarps the spores contain a disproportionately large amount
      of RNA. Net RNA contents in sorocarps and in spores are unaffected by the
      availability of exogenous glucose. The relationship of dry weight, cell number
      and packed cell volume during differentiation is given.

PMID- 690601
TI  - The chemotactic response of plasmodia of the myxomycete Physarum polycephalum to
      sugars and related compounds.
AB  - A new technique, the double strip method, for studying the chemotaxis of
      myxomycete plasmodia is described. Physarum polycephalum was attracted by the
      aldohexoses D-glucose, D-galactose and D-mannose and their derivatives 2-deoxy-D
      glucose and maltose, thresholds ranging from 0.25 mM (D-glucose) to 5 mM (D
      mannose). These sugars competed with each other, a uniform background of one of
      them inhibiting taxis to the others. Other attractants were N-acetyl-D
      glucosamine and mannitol, with thresholds at 1 mM, and fucose (6-deoxy-D
      galactose). Although in general only those carbohydrates which could support
      growth were attractants, there were exceptions such as 2-deoxy-D-glucose; hence
      metabolism of a compound was not necessary for attraction. In addition, some
      compounds, such as fructose, could be metabolized but did not attract. At high
      concentrations (about 100 mM) all the compounds tested, including attractants,
      could under appropriate conditions cause repulsion, probably through osmotic
      effects.

PMID- 690604
TI  - Morphological conversion of 'immature' Rauscher leukaemia virus cores to a
      'mature' form after addition of the P65-70 (gag gene product) proteolytic factor.
AB  - When the partially purified P65-70 proteolytic factor was added at increasing
      concentrations to 'immature' core sub-particles of Rauscher leukaemia virus
      (RLV), we observed an increased cleavage of P65-70 (the gag gene product) and P40
      (an intermediate cleavage product containing p30) to p30, the major group
      specific antigen. When examined by electron microscopy the immature cores
      exhibited a linear decrease in number, with a concomitant increase in the number
      of mature cores after treatment. Various intermediate structures retaining
      elements of both immature and mature forms were also observed, suggesting that
      the in vitro conversion from immature cores to mature cores can occur on a I:I
      basis.

PMID- 690603
TI  - Growth and migration of plasmodia of the myxomycete Physarum polycephalum: the
      effect of carbohydrates, including agar.
AB  - A method for studying the growth and migration of myxomycete plasmodia on the
      surface of agar and other gels was devised. The migration rate of plasmodia of
      Physarum polycephalum was greatly reduced when nutrients that permit rapid growth
      were present, and slightly reduced by most sugars tested at 56 mM, including some
      that were not utilized. The carbohydrate requirement of the myxomycete could be
      satisfied by a range of sugars and derivatives, including mannitol and agar,
      utilization of the latter being slight but definite. Fructose could be utilized
      as long as it was not the sole carbohydrate present.

PMID- 690605
TI  - Synthesis of transfer ribonucleic acid in KB cells infected with adenovirus type
      2.
AB  - The synthesis of low mol. wt. RNA has been studied in KB cells infected with
      adenovirus type 2 after labelling with 3H-uridine or 32P. An increasing amount of
      virus-coded VA RNA is detected from 8 h after infection onward. The rate of
      synthesis of tRNA is unchanged up to 16 h after infection and thereafter
      decreases; from 24 to 48 h after infection, the specific activity of tRNA is
      about 60% of the control value. The specific activity of cellular 5S RNA
      increases from 12 h after infection. When the tRNA is analysed by a two
      dimensional gel electrophoresis system resolving the tRNA into 42 to 47 spots,
      changes in synthesis of tRNA in individual spots are seen. From 8 to 12 h after
      infection, an increase in the relative rate of incorporation into RNA is observed
      in 7 spots, while a significant decrease is detected in 8 spots. From 12 to 16 h
      after infection, incorporation into RNA is increased in 6 spots, but is most
      marked (sevenfold) in 1 spot. A decrease of incorporation into RNA in 6 spots is
      observed at the same time. From 24 to 34 h after infection, an increase in
      synthesis of RNA in 8 spots is observed and a decrease also in 8 spots.
      Incorporation into RNA in 2 spots is virtually shut off.

PMID- 690606
TI  - Effect of temperature on the order of electrophoretic migration of influenza
      virus neuraminidase and nucleoprotein genes in acrylamide gels lacking denaturing
      agents.
AB  - When subjected to electrophoresis at 33 degrees C in 3% polyacrylamide gels with
      no urea added, the nucleoprotein and neuraminidase genes of an H2N2 and H3N2
      virus migrate as RNA bands 5 and 6 respectively. If the temperature of
      electrophoresis is increased to 46 degrees C, however, this order of migration is
      reversed.

PMID- 690607
TI  - Localization of simian adenovirus 7 (SA 7) transcription and replication in lytic
      infection. An ultracytochemical and autoradiographical study.
AB  - We have studied SA7 (simian adenovirus 7) lytic infection at the ultrastruct
      level. The use of cytochemical techniques which specifically stain DNA or
      preferentially stain ribonucleoproteins permitted the analysis of the structure
      of the virus-induced nuclear inclusions, and revealed presumed virus DNA before
      the appearance of other nuclear alterations. Correlation of these findings with
      high resolution autoradiography enabled the functions of virus DNA replication
      and transcription to be ascribed to a defined nuclear inclusion. We demonstrate
      that the nucleolus remains distinct from the inclusion body, contrary to the
      situation in other adenovirus-infected cells. The functional role of host cell
      chromatin and of the nucleolus are discussed.

PMID- 690608
TI  - Biochemical study of certain enzymes and metabolites of the carbohydrate
      metabolism in the skeletal muscle of the dengue virus-infected mice.
AB  - Changes in enzymes and metabolites of the carbohydrate metabolism in skeletal
      muscles were studied in mice after intracerebral inoculation of dengue type 2
      virus. It was noted that lactic dehydrogenase, aldolase, phosphoglucoisomerase,
      phosphoglucomutase, GO-T and GP-T activity were enhanced initially by two- to
      three-fold, reaching a peak on day 5. As the illness appeared in mice, all the
      enzyme activities were lowered and were about three times less in the paralytic
      stage on the 8th day as compared to controls. Fructose-1,6-diphosphatase activity
      was increased on the 4th and 5th days but decreased later. Acid phosphatase
      increased abruptly from the 6th day while alkaline phosphatase activity was
      irregular. Creatine increased on the 4th and 5th days but diminished later.
      Glycogen decreased from the beginning and was lowest on the 5th day, but the
      levels increased later and were maximum in paralysed muscles. On the other hand,
      lactic acid began accumulating in the muscles and was maximum on the 5th day,
      then declined. Dengue virus was detected in the muscles from the 2nd day but
      higher titres were seen from the 6th day. Changes similar to the preparalytic
      stage of mice may occur in human beings, causing myalgia.

PMID- 690609
TI  - A semi-continuous system for the production of human interferon in lymphoblastoid
      cell cultures.
AB  - The simultaneous occurrence of virus replication and of interferon production in
      Namalva lymphoblastoid cell cultures infected with measles virus has allowed the
      development of a semi-continuous production system yielding about 10(4) units of
      interferon for each 10(6) cells.

PMID- 690610
TI  - Isolation of a Singh's Aedes albopictus cell clone sensitive to Dengue and
      Chikungunya viruses.
AB  - Twenty clones were isolated from cultured Aedes albopictus (Singh) cells in the
      presence of anti-Chikungunya (CHIK) virus serum. Each clone was tested for its
      yields of Dengue (DEN) viruses, types 1, 2, 3 and 4, and also CHIK virus. Clone
      C6 showed the highest yield of each virus tested. Forty-three clones obtained by
      recloning C6 in the presence of anti-DEN sera showed almost the same virus yields
      as C6. One of the clones, C6/36, showed mild to extensive cytopathic effects
      several days after virus infection, in contrast to the original uncloned (SAAR)
      cells. Fluorescent antibody staining revealed that the amount of virus antigen
      accumulated in the cytoplasm was almost the same in every cell in the case of
      clone C6/36, while it was highly heterogeneous for uncloned SAAR cells. Growth
      curves of the viruses indicated that clone C6/36 gave a significantly higher
      yield for each virus than uncloned SAAR cells up to 7 days after infection. Virus
      sensitivity of the C6/36 clone did not change by growing the cells with the
      medium used for uncloned SAAR cells, nor did the virus sensitivity of uncloned
      cells increase in medium used for clone C6/36. However, the C6/36 clone became
      resistant to CHIK virus, but not to DEN or Sindbis viruses, after incubation with
      the medium used for another A. albopictus cell line (SAAK). The transfer of the
      specific resistance to CHIK may be mediated by some latent virus related to CHIK.

PMID- 690611
TI  - Immunoglobulin (IgG) and (IgM) antibody responses to rabies vaccine.
AB  - IgM and IgG neutralizing antibody responses were estimated in the sera of rabbits
      and mice immunized with different doses of Semple, duck embryo and cell culture
      rabies vaccines. IgM synthesis was prolonged in animals immunized with multiple
      doses of either Semple or duck embryo vaccines but not those immunized with cell
      culture vaccine. Mice were passively protected by IgG antibody against subsequent
      challenge but not by IgM of equivalent neutralizing titre. Mice challenged when
      the antibody response was solely IgM were not protected if the transition to IgG
      synthesis was prevented by cyclophosphamide treatment.

PMID- 690612
TI  - Morphological revertants of adenovirus type 12-transformed hamster cells.
AB  - Morphological revertants have been isolated from one line of adenovirus type 12
      transformed hamster cells. This line, T637, is oncogenic in hamsters and contains
      multiple copies of the virus genome per cell. Different parts of the virus genome
      are represented in non-stoichiometric amounts and the virus DNA persists in the
      cells in an integrated form. The pattern of integrated virus genomes has been
      determined by the blotting technique. In the T637 line, morphological revertants
      arise spontaneously at relatively high frequency. Two of these revertants have
      been cloned. In contrast to the T637 line, the revertants F10 and G12 exhibit
      fibroblastic morphology. The patterns of integrated virus genomes in the
      revertants differs markedly from that of the T637 line; one of the revertant cell
      lines, F10, appears to have lost all virus DNA sequences. The morphological
      revertants continue to express the oncogenic phenotype, although the time
      required to produce tumours in animals appears to be prolonged compared to the
      parental BHK21 and the T637 cell lines. A number of biological parameters of the
      revertant lines have also been investigated.

PMID- 690613
TI  - Inhibition of rabies virus in vitro by the ammonium-5-tungsto-2-antimoniate.
AB  - In vitro multiplication of rabies virus was inhibited by a condensed mineral ion,
      ammonium-5-tungsto-2-antimoniate (HPA 23). The inhibitory effect was evaluated by
      two different methods, plaque reduction and one step virus growth. Plaquing
      showed 50% inhibition with 4.5 microgram/ml of HPA 23 and complete inhibition
      with 12.5 microgram/ml. A reduction of two logs in virus yield was obtained in
      BHK21C13S cells in suspension treated with 50 microgram/ml of HPA 23. Inhibition
      also occurred when treatment with HPA 23 was started 18 to 24 h after infection
      in the plaque assay but no effect was seen when HPA 23 was added 48 h after virus
      inoculation. All these inhibitory effects of HPA 23 on rabies virus
      multiplication were observed at non cytotoxic doses. Therefore HPA 23 contrasts
      with other antiviral drugs which do not inhibit rabies virus multiplication
      without affecting the viability of cells.

PMID- 690614
TI  - Intranuclear crystalline zebra structures induced in human tumour cells by
      adenovirus type 5.
AB  - Intranuclear crystalline inclusions with leaf-like striated appearance, i.e.
      zebra structures, were observed by electron microscopy in adenovirus type 5
      infected human cervical and bladder carcinoma cells at 4 to 6 days after
      infection.

PMID- 690615
TI  - Preparation of 125iodine-labelled human fibroblast interferon.
AB  - Human fibroblast interferon has been labelled with 125iodine using the Bolton
      Hunter reagent. Purification of the interferon after iodination gave a product
      which had stable biological activity for 1 month and had a specific radioactivity
      of 2 to 4 micronCi/microgram.

PMID- 690616
TI  - A variant of adenovirus 12 producing cytoplasmic accumulation of capsid proteins.
AB  - A variant of adenovirus type 12 (R-Ad12) has been isolated by infecting a clonal
      line of normal rat kidney cells (NRK) with wild-type adenovirus 12. Although R
      Ad12 failed to produce infectious progeny virions when cycled a second time
      through NRK cells, it nevertheless retained the ability to code for virus
      structural proteins that accumulated in the cytoplasm.

PMID- 690618
TI  - Formation of vaccinia virus DNA-protein complex in the presence of isatin beta
      thiosemicarbazone (IBT).
AB  - The association of newly synthesized vaccinia virus DNA with proteins in infected
      HeLa cells was followed. A shift from a high density to a low density complex
      occurred between 3 and 6 h after infection. This process was not affected by
      isatin beta thiosemicarbazone (IBT), an inhibitor of pox virus growth. At 22 h
      after infection in the absence of IBT, mature virions of high density were
      observed; however, in the presence of the drug, high density DNA-protein
      complexes, which lack the two main virus core polypeptides, were formed.

PMID- 690617
TI  - Minor nucleic acids in influenza virus.
AB  - A nucleic acid fraction consisting of RNA and DNA sequences with an apparent mol.
      wt. of 1.4 to 1.5 x 10(6) is present in minor amounts in purified influenza
      virus. The RNA is virus-specific and in the case of fowl plague virus (FPV)
      contains sequences of genes 2 and 7 which code for one of the proteins
      constituting the polymerase complex and for the matrix protein respectively.

PMID- 690619
TI  - Specificity of partial exclusion of bacteriophage T2 in crosses with T4.
AB  - An attempt was made to isolate a bacteriophage T4 mutant generally disturbed in
      its ability to exclude the localized exclusion sensitivity determinants of T2
      from the progeny of crosses. The method used was a modification of that used
      previously, which revealed T4 mutants unable to exclude more than one of the T2
      sensitive sites specifically. One out of 1000 isolates from a mutagenized T4
      am56:am32 stock was found to be mutated in its exclusion properties. However, the
      mutant was not generally exclusion deficient. Its properties were similar to
      those of a double mutant T4 ex 56:ex32, specifically unable to exclude the T2
      sensitive sites near gene 56 and gene 32. The failure to isolate a generally
      excluding mutant at a frequency down to 10(-3) renders the occurrence of a
      general exclusion locus unlikely.

PMID- 690620
TI  - Influence of social group size on seizure frequency in mongolian gerbils.

PMID- 690621
TI  - A re-examination of the relationship between locus of control and voluntary heart
      rate change.
AB  - The present study was an attempt to resolve some of the inconsistencies and
      discrepancies in previous studies examining the relationship between Rotter's
      locus control construct and voluntary heart rate (HR) change. Twelve internals
      and 12 externals received two sessions (one week apart) of bidirectional HR
      control trials with or without feedback. Internals, relative to externals, were
      better able to increase their HR and showed more improved performance with
      feedback. Neither group was able to lower their HR significantly during any
      decrease phase of either session. It was suggested that (a) HR slowing may
      involve different psychophysiological processes than HR speeding, and/or (b) HR
      slowing may have been perceived to be a task involving chance rather than skill,
      in which case no difference between groups would be expected in light of the
      locus of control literature.

PMID- 690622
TI  - Patterns of disorder in first admission psychiatric patients.
AB  - Are there patterns of characteristics in psychiatric patients, different from
      traditional diagnostic considerations, that could provide important information
      for understanding, treatment, and research? To pursue this question, this report
      describes an investigation of clinical and demographic characteristics in a
      representative sample of first admissions for functional psychiatric disorder.
      Analyzing the patterns of these characteristics showed that social class had a
      particularly key role relating to a larger number of characteristics than did
      symptom and functioning measures. Symptoms when analyzed together revealed
      replicated factors not corresponding to diagnostic types. The implications of
      these and other findings for considering a broad perspective in conceptualizing,
      studying, and treating psychiatric disorder are discussed.

PMID- 690623
TI  - Attitudes toward respiratory illness and hospitalization in asthma. Relationships
      with personality, symptomatology, and treatment response.
AB  - A previous study described the development of the Respiratory Illness Opinion
      Survey (RIOS) which measures six categories describing attitudes toward
      respiratory illness and its treatment: Optimism, Negative Staff Regard, Specific
      Internal Awareness, External Control, Psychological Stigma, and Authoritarian
      Attitudes. In the present study these attitudes were found: a) to relate more
      clearly to general personality characteristics than to illness-specific
      subjective symptomatology; b) to enable types of asthmatic patients to be
      described on the basis of the patterns of attitude category scores; and c) to
      provide some information about treatment outcome in asthma as indexed by length
      of hospitalization during long term, intensive therapy, the need for prescribed
      oral corticosteroids, and rates of rehospitalization and judged severity
      following discharge from treatment.

PMID- 690624
TI  - The meaning of silent pauses in the initial interview.
AB  - It is usually assumed that anxiety arousal has a disruptive effect on speech and
      that it is associated with an increase in the frequency and the duration of
      silent pauses. Evidence is presented that anxiety arousal per se is associated
      with a reduction in silent pauses and an acceleration of speech rate, unless the
      speech task involves complex decision making. It is proposed that silent pauses
      in speech, including those pauses which are a result of anxiety-related
      defensiveness, are most parsimoniously explained in terms of information
      processing which is taking place at the time of the pauses.

PMID- 690625
TI  - Multiple sclerosis masquerading as lithium toxicity.
AB  - The author presents a case report of a manic-depressive patient who developed
      dysarthria and ataxia while on lithium maintenance. These symptoms were
      erroneously attributed to lithium toxicity occurring at therapeutic serum levels.
      However, the symptoms persisted despite diminution in lithium dosage and a
      neurological consultation revealed the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. The
      author concludes that lithium therapy is effective with manic-depressive
      patients, that adverse side effects are infrequent and can occur at toxic or
      therapeutic serum lithium levels, and that the exceptional patient may have a
      second illness incorrectly attributed to lithium toxicity.

PMID- 690626
TI  - Amobarbital treatment of multiple personality. Use of structured video tape
      interviews as a basis for intensive psychotherapy.
AB  - The case of a 30-year-old woman with five distinct personalities is presented.
      The patient was treated, using a system of structured video taped sodium
      amobarbital interviews, in which areas to be explored were developed in
      psychotherapy. Tapes were played for the patient after each session. The taped
      material was used as the basis for psychotherapeutic investigation. The patient
      evidenced many of the features previously reported in cases of multiple
      personality, specifically: being the product of an unwanted pregnancy in a
      repressively rigid family; emotional distancing by one parent; strong sibling
      rivalry with an adopted sib; family history of mental illness; a traumatic first
      sexual experience (rape); a marriage to a maladjusted individual in an attempt to
      escape the parental home; a high internalized standard of performance and an
      inability to display anger or negative feelings toward the parents. In the course
      of treatment, the patient's personalties fused and she was able to accept each
      component as part of herself. No further fragmentation has occurred during the
      year following discharge. The therapy technique minimized dependency, and the
      possiblity of addiction to amobarbital interviews permitted more active patient
      therapy involvement, and set clear-cut goals and expectations for improvement
      before further amobarbital interviews could be conducted.

PMID- 690628
TI  - Localization of the site of the haloperidol-induced, prolactin-mediated increase
      of dopamine turnover in the median eminence: studies in rats with complete
      hypothalamic deafferentations.
AB  - Complete hypothalamic deafferentations were made in male rats with a modified
      Halasz knife to isolate tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neurons from the rest of
      the brain. A radioenzymatic procedure was employed to quantify dopamine and
      norepinephrine concentrations in various regions of the hypothalamus. Dopamine
      concentrations were unaltered while norepinephrine concentrations were reduced
      50% in the median eminence and hypothalamic island 16-33 days after surgery.
      Basal serum prolactin concentrations were unaltered in these rats but were
      elevated 16 hours after the injection of haloperidol and 1 hour after alpha
      methyltyrosine. The isolation of tuberoinfundibular neurons from the rest of the
      brain did not alter the ability of haloperidol to increase the rate of alpha
      methyltyrosine-induced decline of dopamine in the median eminence. These results
      indicate that the haloperidol-induced, prolactin-mediated increase of dopamine
      turnover in the median eminence results from a direct action of this hormone on
      neurons within the medial basal hypothalamus.

PMID- 690627
TI  - Antagonism of morphine-induced central stimulation in mice by small doses of
      catecholamine-receptor agonists.
AB  - The morphine (75 mg/kg i.p.) induced stimulation of motor activity in mice was
      significantly suppressed by small doses of central catecholamine (CA) receptor
      agonists, apomorphine (0.2 mg/kg) and clonidine (0.05 mg/kg). In the same dose,
      and at the same time interval as the behavioural stimulation was obtained,
      morphine did not significantly affect the in vivo rate of tyrosine hydroxylation
      in two dopamine (DA)-rich mouse brain regions, the corpus striatum and in the
      limbic system, or in the noradrenaline (NA)-rich, but DA-poor hemispheres,
      measured as the Dopa-accumulation during 30 min after inhibition of aromatic
      amino-acid decarboxylase by 3-hydroxybenzylhydrazine (NSD 1015) 150 mg/kg. The
      apomorphine induced reduction in Dopa accumulation in the DA-rich brain regions
      was not significantly affected by morphine. The disappearance rate of brain NA
      after inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase by alpha-methyltyrosine methylester (250
      mg/kg), the utilization of NA, was accelerated by morphine, whereas that of DA
      was not affected. Clonidine (0.05 mg/kg) retarded selectively brain NA
      utilization, and also suppressed the morphine-induced increase in NA utilization.
      In conclusion, morphine's stimulation of motor activity in mice, an effect which
      previously has been found to be correlated with its dependence producing action,
      could be inhibited by apomorphine or clonidine in small doses which inhibit brain
      DA- and NA-neurons, respectively. Thus, we have now shown the psychomtor
      stimulation by two euphoriant and dependence-producing drugs, ethanol and
      morphine, to be suppressed by CA "autoreceptor" activation.

PMID- 690629
TI  - Electron microscopic observations on neuron-like cells in the ground squirrel
      pineal gland.
AB  - Ultrastructural details of neuron-like cells as well as synaptic nerve endings in
      the pineal gland of the ground squirrel are described. The neuron-like cells are
      situated mainly in the distal portion of the gland. Since the neuron-like cells
      differ considerably from the pinealocytes and exhibit cytological features
      characteristic of nerve cells, they are presumably true neurons. The cell bodies
      or processes of the neuron-like cells receive many synapses. The nerve endings
      synapsing on these cells contain numerous small non-granulated and some large
      granulated vesicles but no small granulated vesicles. These synaptic nerve
      endings are rather abundant within the parenchyma but they are also found in
      perivascular spaces ensheathed completely or partially by the Schwann cell
      cytoplasm. Similar nerve endings occasionally make typical synaptic contacts with
      the cell bodies or processes of the pinealocytes. Since the adrenergic nerve
      endings do not form synapses on the pinealocytes in the ground squirrel, it is
      clear that nerve endings other than adrenergic ones also distribute within the
      pineal gland of this animal. These synaptic nerve endings may contribute, at
      least to some extent, to the innervation of the ground squirrel pineal gland,
      whether they are derived from the nerve fibers penetrating the pineal gland or
      from the neuron-like cells.

PMID- 690630
TI  - Effects of pimozide and bromocriptine on anterior pituitary cell proliferation.
AB  - The effects of pimozide (a dopamine receptor blocker) and bromocriptine (a
      dopamine receptor agonist) on the mitotic incidence in the anterior pituitary in
      male rats was investigated. It was shown that pimozide enhanced anterior
      pituitary mitotic activity in male rats. Bromocriptine, in turn, suppressed
      anterior pituitary cell proliferation in estradiol-treated male rats. A
      dopaminergic control of anterior pituitary mitotic activity is suggested.

PMID- 690631
TI  - The pathophysiology of dystonia.
AB  - Dystonia occurs frequently following administration of neuroleptic or antiemetic
      drugs. This acute manifestation is not likely to be a simple consequence of
      reduced dopaminergic activity, because it was never reported to occur following
      the use of drugs which deplete dopamine stores, like reserpine and tetrabenazine.
      Based on the fact that dopamine-beta-hydroxylase levels are frequently elevated
      in patients with the dominant form of torsion dystonia it is suggested that
      dystonia results from impairment of a normal dopaminergic-noradrenergic balance,
      in which noradrenergic tone preponderates. A relative norepinephrine
      hyperactivity may be caused by dopaminergic blockade (as occurs in drug-induced
      dystonia) or from enhanced release of norepinephrine (in idiopathic torsion
      dystonia).

PMID- 690632
TI  - Differential changes of blood and urinary indoleamines following intravenous
      ethanol administration in alcoholic and non-drinker women.
AB  - Total blood serotonin (5-HT) and the urinary excretion of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic
      acid (5-HIAA) and 5-hydroxytryptophol (5-HTOL) were measured before and after
      intravenous administration of 0.65 g/kg ethanol to nine chronic alcoholic female
      patients. Changes were compared to those obtained in twelve age-matched non
      drinker neurotic or hysteric women. The two groups showed different pattern of
      indoleamine response to ethanol: alcoholics reacted by a reduction of 5-HIAA
      ouput in the urine, while controls showed no change in the 5-HIAA excretion but a
      marked fall of blood serotonin. Urinary 5-HTOL excretion increased equally in
      both groups. Despite these biochemical variations, behavioral responses to
      ethanol were indistinguishable in the two groups. The results indicate that
      chronic alcoholism leads to permanent changes of the biogenic amine metabolism.

PMID- 690633
TI  - The influence of temperature on neuromuscular performance.
AB  - The influence of lowering the temperature, by 10 degrees C increments, from 37
      decrees C to 17 degrees C on the twitch )Pt) and tetanic (Po) tension during
      direct and indirect stimulation, on presynaptic acetylcholine (ACh) release and
      on muscle acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activity
      were investigated in vitro on the rat's phrenic-nerve-hemidiaphragm preparation.
      Decreasing the temperature from 37 degrees C to 17 decrees C caused a progressive
      increase of the isometric Pt to 195.8 +/- 9.6 (S.E. of mean) and 169.6 +/- 2.9%
      of control with direct and indirect stimulation respectively. This change in
      temperature also increased twitch duration and time to peak Pt by factors of
      about 4 and 6 respectively with both direct and indirect stimulation. The Po/Pt
      ratio did not change significantly between 37 degrees C and 27 degrees C, but
      dropped sharply between 27 degrees C and 17 degrees C. With direct stimulation
      tetanus was only maintained in 50% of the experiments at 37 degrees C and in none
      at 27 degrees C or 17 degrees C. With indirect stimulation tetanus was maintained
      in all experiments at 37 degrees C and 27 degress C and in none at 17 degrees C.
      Post-tetanic facilitation was greater with indirect than direct stimulation and
      at higher than at lower temperatures. Post-tetanic exhaustion, with both direct
      and indirect stimulation, was only observed at 37 degrees C. Presynaptic ACh
      release (pmol . g-1 . min-1) at rest and with stimulation rates of 0.1 to 50 Hz
      decreased by more than 60% as temperature was lowered from 37 degrees C to 17
      degrees C. Cooling from 37 degrees C to 17 degrees C caused a similar decrease in
      the volley output (pmol . g-1 . volley-1) of ACh. Muscle-AChE and BuChE
      activities decreased by 34 and 52% respectively when the temperature was lowered
      from 37 degrees C to 17 degrees C. The findings presented indicate that the site
      of the facilitating effect of cooling on Pt is the muscle fiber. The facilitation
      is caused by the delay of the relaxation of the contracted muscle, causing
      prolongation of the active state and increased tension development. The decreased
      speed of nerve conduction and ACh release caused by cooling adversely affects
      neuromuscular transmission. This, however, is partially counteracted by decreased
      muscle-ChE activity and increased sensitivity of the postjunctional membrane to
      ACh caused by cooling.

PMID- 690634
TI  - Membrane-potential-sensitive dyes for optical monitoring of activity in Aplysia
      neurons.
AB  - Two membrane-associated dyes (WW375 and NK2367) which change their absorption of
      light when the membrane potential changes have been studied using several
      preparations form Aplysia. Action potentials are easily observed in nerve trunks
      (from a number of axons), in bag cell clusters, in some of the larger single
      cells of the parietovisceral ganglion, and in the optic nerve. Physiological
      effects of the dyes on the circadian rhythm of activity in the eye are described.

PMID- 690635
TI  - Uptake of dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine by platelets of patients with
      Parkinsonism.
AB  - The uptake of tritiated dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine by platelets from 11
      patients with Parkinsonism who were not receiving any medication, and from 11
      control subjects matched for sex and for age within a decade was compared. No
      significant differences were found in the uptake of either amine. Our findings,
      therefore, provide no support for the belief that there is a generalised defect
      of dopamine systems in Parkinson's disease.

PMID- 690636
TI  - Treatment of myoclonus with pheneturide.
AB  - Twenty-one patients with various forms of myoclonus are presented. Phenacemide
      was given to five patients with considerable benefit to three, but with serious
      toxic effects in two. Another acetylurea derivative, pheneturide, was given to 19
      patients and was well tolerated. Myoclonus was completely or substantially
      controlled in 12 patients.

PMID- 690637
TI  - Observer variability in assessing impaired consciousness and coma.
AB  - Head-injured patients were examined by a number of observers whose assessments
      were compared. Considerable discrepancies occurred when overall "levels" of
      consciousness and coma were used, and also with some terms which are in common
      use. More consistent assessments were obtained by employing the "Glasgow Coma
      Scale," which describes eye opening, verbal behaviour, and motor responsiveness.
      Nurses and general surgeons were as consistent as neurosurgeons when using this
      scale, and it was relatively resistant to language or cultural differences
      between observers. The practical reliability of the Glasgow scale enhances its
      value, both for monitoring individual cases and for making meaningful comparisons
      between series of patients with acute brain damage.

PMID- 690638
TI  - Subjective impairment and social recovery after closed head injury.
AB  - The level of social recovery achieved by a representative series of 50 young
      adults was assessed six months after a severe closed head injury (post-traumatic
      amnesia greater than 24 hours). Work, leisure activities, and contact with
      friends were the areas of life most affected, whereas family life and marital
      relationships appeared to withstand changes at this stage in the recovery
      process. Many patients were still suffering from subjective symptoms, but these
      appeared to have relatively minor effects on ability to resume normal activities.
      Physical disability was a much more important factor at this stage. A control
      group of patients with limb injuries suffered similar disruption of their lives,
      but reported few subjective complaints.

PMID- 690639
TI  - Incidence and characteristics of voluntary nystagmus.
AB  - A survey of a college age population revealed that 8% could produce voluntary
      nystagmus. Seventy-nine per cent of this sample had relatives who could also
      produce it. A systematic investigation of the characteristics of voluntary
      nystagmus under a number of stimulus conditions showed that it resembles pendular
      nystagmus in waveform, and certain ocular oscillations, such as ocular flutter
      and opsoclonus, in frequency. The results indicate that voluntary nystagmus can
      be differentiated from other forms of nystagmus by its frequency, duration, and
      occurrence in individuals whose neuro-ophthalmological examination is normal.
      Voluntary nystagmus probably involves the "hold" mechanism of the cerebellar
      nuclei because of its frequency correspondence to ocular oscillations which
      result from a dysfunction in this anatomical area.

PMID- 690640
TI  - Electrophysiological appraisal of relative segmental motoneurone pool
      excitability in flexor and extensor.
AB  - F responses recorded from flexor and extensor muscles were analysed in 18 normal
      subjects and in 16 patients with motor system abnormalities. The prominence of
      the F responses was evaluated quantitatively by determining the persistence--that
      is, the fraction of measurable F responses which actually occur after a series of
      supramaximal stimuli--and average amplitude of the F responses. In the normal
      resting state, the data are consistent with the hypothesis that the "central
      excitatory states" of motoneurones is greater in the antigravity muscles than in
      those muscles not stretched by gravity. This pattern was disrupted in eight of
      the 16 patients with motor system abnormalities caused by central nervous system
      lesions. These changes reflect a clinically testable aspect of the
      pathophysiology of certain motor system disorders.

PMID- 690641
TI  - Excitability relationships between lower limb myotatic arcs in spasticity.
AB  - The excitability of a lower limb myotatic reflex arc is modulated by the
      antecedent activation of another myotatic arc in the same limb; the changes can
      be represented by heteronymous excitability curves. This work compares
      heteronymous excitability curves in spastic and normal subjects. Eighteen
      patients who showed clear signs of pyramidal tract lesions at a chronic stage
      were studied. Three myotatic arcs of the lower limb (soleus, quadriceps, and
      short biceps) were activated either by mechanical percussion (T Sol-T Quad-TSBi)
      or by electrical stimulation of the afferent nerve (H Sol-H Quad). They were used
      as conditioning and test responses in six different combinations, and the results
      compared to those obtained previously in normal volunteers. In spastic patients,
      heteronymous excitability curves are more obviously modified than homonymous
      ones. The changes are most prominent in the thigh muscles and less marked when
      the soleus reflex is conditioned by activation of quadriceps and biceps femoris
      myotatic reflex arcs.

PMID- 690642
TI  - Human nerve excitability.
AB  - The excitabilities of separate fibre populations were examined in the ulnar nerve
      in 74 healthy subjects, and in the posterior tibial, peroneal, and sural nerves
      in 23 of these subjects. Square wave electric stimuli of varying duration were
      applied to the nerve in different locations, while recording the evoked muscle or
      nerve action potential. "Threshold" strengthduration curves were derived for
      motor, sensory, and mixed nerve fibre populations. These curves did not vary
      significantly one from another, in upper versus extremity, or over time. No
      correlations between excitability and other measures of peripheral nerve function
      were observed. Excitability appears to reflect some element of nerve structure or
      function other than myelin.

PMID- 690643
TI  - Prognostic value of minimal excitability of facial nerve in Bell's palsy.
AB  - Nerve excitability is useful for prognosis in Bell's palsy. Minimal excitability
      values (MEV) were obtained by stimulating the facial nerve and recording the
      effective current (mA) required to evoke a minimal visible contraction of
      frontalis, orbicularis oculi, orbicularis oris, and mentalis muscles
      respectively. Serial MEVs were performed on 100 patients with facial palsy, of
      whom 87 were followed for six months or to complete recovery; 61 patients were
      treated with steroids of whom 57 had good recovery. Serial MEVs were not only
      useful for prognosis, but also helpful in regulating the dosage of prednisone.

PMID- 690644
TI  - Distal chronic spinal muscular atrophy involving the hands.
AB  - Six patients are described with a history of slowly progressive wasting of the
      muscle of the hands and forearms extending over periods of up to 20 years. The
      clinical, radiological, and electrophysiological findings were consistent with a
      diagnosis of chronic anterior horn cell degeneration. It is suggested that the
      patients are affected by a form of distal chronic spinal muscular atrophy
      affecting the hands.

PMID- 690645
TI  - Painful peripheral states and sympathetic blocks.
AB  - In various chronic painful states, the sympathetic nerve supply was blocked
      either by injecting the sympathetic chain and ganglia with local anaesthesia or
      by the injection of guanethidine during occlusion of the circulation. There was a
      striking relation between the presence of hyperpathia and the relief of pain by
      the blocks. The sympathetic block was unlikely to relieve the pain unless
      hyperpathia accompanied the pain; when hyperpathia was present, a sympathetic
      block relieved both the constant pain and the hyperpathia. The effectiveness of
      the guanethidine blocks shows that the pain and the hyperpathia are maintained by
      the emission of noradrenaline in the periphery. The facts related to the
      sympathetic system and sensibility are discussed.

PMID- 690646
TI  - Cryptococcal meningitis complicating remote skull fracture.
AB  - A patient in whom cryptococcal meningitis complicated a nine year old depressed
      frontal skull fracture, an association which has not been reported previously, is
      recorded. This is also the first case of cryptococcal meningitis recognised in
      Ethiopia.

PMID- 690647
TI  - A quantitative electrophysiological study of motor neurone disease.
AB  - Thirty-two patients with motor neurone disease were investigated using
      quantitative electrophysiological techniques. Estimates of the number of
      surviving motor units in the extensor digitorum brevis muscle and measurements of
      the electrophysiological parameters of these units are present along with the
      values for motor nerve conduction velocities. The results indicate that
      reinnervation in motor neurone disease is sufficient to compensate completely for
      the loss of up to 50% of the motor neurone pool supplying the muscle. The
      capacity for reinnervation is greater than we have found in a number of
      neuropathies but the efficiency of reinnervation decreases as the number of
      surviving motor units falls. Reinnervation appears to cease when 5% or less of
      the motor units remain viable. There is no electrophysiological evidence of a
      preferential loss of fast conducting axons, of pathological slowing of conduction
      nor of a dying-back process affecting the motor axon. Comparison of the
      electrophysiological parameters in progressive muscular atrophy and amyotrophic
      lateral sclerosis shows no significant differences. The underlying
      pathophysiological mechanisms are discussed in terms of the results.

PMID- 690648
TI  - Refractory period of human motor nerve fibres.
AB  - Using a collision technique, the ulnar nerve was made refractory for a shorter
      distance normally covered in 0.5 ms or a longer distance covered in 1.5 ms.
      Studying the shorter refractory segment with paired shocks of maximal intensity,
      the test response first appeared (more than 5% of unconditioned response) at an
      interstimulus interval of 1.16 +/- 0.18 ms (mean +/- SD in 20 ulnar nerves). The
      conduction velocity of the test impulse then was 55.3% +/- 19.2% of normal.
      Recovery in amplitude of the test response was nearly complete (more than 95%) at
      2.11 +/- 0.50 ms, when it was conducting at a speed of 81.2 +/- 17.4% of normal.
      The conduction velocity recovered to a level above 95% of normal at 2.65 +/- 0.65
      ms. Whereas recovery in amplitude of the test response was unrelated to the
      length of the refractory segment, change in latency was greater with the longer
      refractory segment, although not in proportion to the distance.

PMID- 690649
TI  - Nerve fibre refractory period in patients treated with rubidium and lithium.
AB  - Nerve fibre refractory period distributions have been measured on the median
      nerves of six manic-depressive patients controlled with lithium carbonate, three
      chronic patients (two manic-depressives and one catatonic schizophrenic)
      controlled with rubidium chloride, and eight normal volunteers. Rubidium
      prolonged the refractory periods of all nerve fibres while lithium increased only
      the longer refractory periods.

PMID- 690650
TI  - Motor unit estimation in a muscle supplied by the radial nerve.
AB  - The number of motor units in a muscle, the abductor pollicis longus (APL),
      supplied by the radial nerve was estimated. In 40 APL muscles of control
      subjects, the mean number of motor units was found to be 421 +/- 99 (SD). Ten
      patients underwent conventional EMG examination to confirm the clinical suspicion
      of denervation in radial nerve territory. All presented a significant reduction
      in the number of motor units in the APL muscle. These results show that this
      method is useful in the evaluation of muscles supplied by the radial nerve.

PMID- 690651
TI  - Inverse activity of masticatory muscles with and without trismus: a brainstem
      syndrome.
AB  - Clinical and EMG findings in 10 cases of intrinsic brainstem lesions are reported
      with paradoxical activity of jaw closing muscles during jaw opening, with and
      without trismus. In five cases with trigeminal anaesthesia, the inverse activity
      of jaw closers is interpreted as a manifestation of disturbance in the central
      programming of mastication in the motor trigeminal area of the brainstem. Stretch
      reflex mechanisms and disinhibition of the trigeminal motor neurones play no part
      in the origin of inverse activity. The distinct brainstem syndrome can only be
      detected by EMG and the special clinical features.

PMID- 690653
TI  - Electrical study of jaw and orbicularis oculi reflexes after trigeminal nerve
      surgery.
AB  - Trigeminal nerve ophthalmic and motor division function was assessed clinically
      and electrically in 32 patients who had undergone various surgical procedures for
      trigeminal neuralgia. Using known electrophysiological techniques, the
      orbicularis oculi and jaw reflexes were tested in all subjects. Abnormalities of
      the orbicularis oculi reflex were anticipated on the basis of ophthalmic division
      anaesthesia. However, jaw reflex abnormalities appeared in operated cases with no
      clinical or electromyographic evidence of masseter denervation. These results
      were unexpected, and imply that the proprioceptive fibres of the jaw reflex are
      mediated by a sensory and not a motor root as previously believed.

PMID- 690652
TI  - Human anal reflexes.
AB  - By perianal electrical stimulation and EMG recording from the external anal
      sphincter the anal reflex was constantly present in normal subjects. The latency
      decreased within certain limits with increasing stimulation to an average minimum
      latency of 50 ms (SD 10.5). There was no difference between the minimum latency
      in normal subjects and patients with suprasegmental lesions of the CNS. The
      latency may be prolonged in patients with lesion of the reflex arc. By
      stimulation over the posterior tibial nerve behind the medial malleolus a reflex
      reaction could be picked up constantly from the anal sphincter in normal
      subjects. This reflex had a longer latency but a lower threshold than the reflex
      reaction from the tibialis anterior muscle. The average minimum latency from the
      anal sphincter was 93 ms (SD 21.1) and from the tibialis anterior muscle 64 ms
      (SD 7.9). In the absence of the anal reflex it may be possible to localise the
      defect to the afferent or efferent parts of the reflex by using types of
      stimulation. Preliminary studies of spinal shock revealed a perianally elicited
      anal reflex in all cases, but also a response to peripheral stimulation in some
      of the cases, more frequently found in the anal sphincter than in the tibialis
      anterior muscle.

PMID- 690654
TI  - Hemifacial spasm: treatment by posterior fossa surgery.
AB  - Nine cases of hemifacial spasm have been treated by posterior fossa exploration
      without mortality or significant morbidity. In only three was definite pathology
      found, but the hemifacial spasm was abolished in eight patients and markedly
      diminished in the remaining patient. The condition has reccurred in one patient.
      Microsurgical techniques make the operation safe and accurate. We suggest that
      this procedure is the best approach for hemifacial spasm requiring treatment.
      Where no definite pathology is found, the effectiveness of the procedure is
      probably due to fibrosis and hence mild trauma to the facial nerve induced by the
      sponge wrapped around the nerve.

PMID- 690655
TI  - Chronic subdural haematoma: a review of 114 cases.
AB  - One hundred and fourteen consecutive adult patients treated surgically for
      chronic subdural haematoma are described and their clinical features presented in
      detail. The diagnostic investigations are evaluated and a regime of surgical
      management is described. The three main modes of clinical presentation and the
      diagnostic role of carotid angiography are emphasised. It is suggested that the
      neurological state at the time of operation has no bearing on the prognosis and
      that, in particular, patients presenting in coma have a much better prognosis
      than might be expected. The average follow-up period was two years and the
      longest 11 years.

PMID- 690656
TI  - Prognostic significance of alpha frequency EEG rhythm in coma after cardiac
      arrest.
AB  - Sixty-five patients who remained in coma for more than 24 hours after
      resuscitation from cardiac arrest were divided into two groups according to their
      EEGs. Thirteen patients were found to have rhythm of alpha frequency while 52 had
      the usual EEG findings after cerebral anoxia. Three patients from the group with
      alpha frequency EEG rhythms regained full consciousness but showed severe
      sequelae. Our results suggest that the prognosis of comatose patients with EEG
      rhythm of alpha frequency is no poorer than that of other individuals who are
      comatose after cardiac arrest.

PMID- 690657
TI  - Global hemianaesthesia: a parietal perceptual distortion suggesting non-organic
      illness.
AB  - In two patients, lesions in the non-dominant parietal lobe were associated with
      global anaesthesia to all sensory modalities affecting the opposite half of the
      body. A striking inconsistency existed between the complaints of limb anaesthesia
      and the grossly preserved motor and postural control of the involved limb. The
      gross discrepancy between complaint and functional ability prompted early
      consideration of a "non-organic" diagnosis. It is suggested that this unusual
      sensory deficit may be due to distorted perception of somatosensory stimuli,
      representing another disorder of body schema associated with parietal lobe
      lesions. The diagnosis of non-organic illness may then be avoided by focusing on
      a search for parietal disease.

PMID- 690658
TI  - Electroneurophysiological studies in familial amyloid polyneuropathy--Portuguese
      type.
AB  - Electroneurophysiological studies were performed in 15 patients with familial
      amyloid neuropathy (ages 29 to 67 years) and in 16 symptom-free members of
      affected families (ages 9 to 64 years). These studies included needle EMG, motor
      conduction velocities of deep peroneal and median nerves, sensory conduction
      velocities, sensory potentials, and nerve potentials of the sural and medium
      nerves. Results support the view that familial amyloid neuropathy is a peripheral
      neuropathy with predominantly axonal damage, which affects first the distal
      segments of the sensory fibres and then the motor fibres. It is suggested that,
      in some respects, this condition is akin to the dying-back neuropathies. Results
      also show that it is possible to detect the disease before it becomes obvious
      clinically, and this has important implications for genetic counseling.

PMID- 690659
TI  - Ganser syndrome: the aetiological argument.
AB  - In this case history, which shows the clinical features of the Ganser syndrome,
      there was abundant evidence to support both an organic and an hysterical
      aetiology. The aetiological dilemma is discussed, and the case illustrates some
      of the problems of nosology, clinical presentation, and psychopathology that this
      syndrome raises.

PMID- 690660
TI  - Polyradiculoneuropathy associated with heroin abuse.
AB  - Neurological complications of heroin addiction have occurred only sporadically in
      the United Kingdom. We report the case of a young female patient who developed an
      acute polyradiculoneuropathy when she recommended intravenous heroin after four
      years abstinence. Another possible aetiological factor was a preceding flu-like
      illness but, after full investigations, we concluded that heroin abuse was the
      most likely cause of the neurological symptoms.

PMID- 690661
TI  - Effect of diphenylhydantoin on the reproductive function of the male rat.
AB  - Male rats were injected with 5, 10, and 20 mg diphenylhydantoin daily for two
      months and then caged for five days with cyclic females. Thereafter the males
      underwent necropsy, the organs of the genital tract were examined, and found to
      be unaffected. Blood testosterone and Leydig cell counts were normal. A
      significant reduction of fertility was observed which appears to be loss of
      libido on behavioural grounds. Except for similar behavioural changes described
      in human epileptics no further reports are available concerning anticonvulsants
      and fertility. Our findings indicate that there is no reason to suspect that
      diphenylhydantoin had endocrine-mediated effects on male fertility in the rat.

PMID- 690662
TI  - Hypokalemic periodic paralysis. A single fiber electromyographic study.
AB  - The neurophysiological findings obtained with standard electromyography (EMG) and
      single fiber EMG (SFEMG) in a case of hypokalemic periodic paralysis (HoPP) are
      reported. During the period between paralytic attacks the only abnormalities
      consisted of scanty fibrillation potentials and, with SFEMG, a fiber density
      increase. In the first stage of an induced paralytic attack the most striking
      feature was decrease in fiber density, slight increase in jitter with several
      blocks. These results indicate a failure of the membrane surface to propagate an
      action potential. In some fibers the block is likely to be permanent, thus
      explaining the decrease in fiber density. The jitter increase is due to a slight
      abnormality at the synaptic site or to a variation in the propagation velocity of
      the muscle fiber.

PMID- 690663
TI  - Clinical features of the Guillain-Barre syndrome.
AB  - In a country-wide search for patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) in
      Israel, 89 patients were found between 1969 and 1972 who met standardized
      diagnostic criteria. These cases, derived from a well defined population, were
      analyzed to provide a more accurate picture of the full range of clinical signs
      than is available from selected case series in the literature. Preceding
      illnesses, presenting symptoms, maximal neurological deficit, reflex changes,
      sensory deficit, cranial nerve, sphincter, respiratory, autonomic disturbances
      and spinal fluid changes were determined. Mortality was 5.6% which is lower than
      in many series. Alternatives to account for the apparent benignity of GBS in
      Israel were offered.

PMID- 690664
TI  - Cortical slow potentials and the occipital EEG in congenital blindness.
AB  - In a group of 7 congenitally blind adults, electroencephalographic occipital
      alpha rhythms were absent, but slow negative cortical potentials (CNV) were
      recorded over the visual cortex and were similar to those of normally sighted
      controls. Frontal and central CNV amplitudes, but not auditory evoked potentials
      or reaction times, were decreased significantly in the blind. The results confirm
      the presence of a developmental EEG abnormality following early blindness, and
      demonstrate the independance of slow potential generation from rhythmic 8--12
      c/sec EEG activity in deafferented visual cortex. Non-sensory specific, event
      related potentials such as the Contingent Negative Variation may prove to be
      useful psychophysiological probes of residual cortical function in brain regions
      which are deprived of primary sensory input.

PMID- 690665
TI  - The relationship between lipofuscin pigment and ageing in the human nervous
      system.
AB  - The cytoplasmic RNA content, nucleolar volume and lipofuscin content of nerve
      cells of the inferior olivary and dentate nuclei, Purkinje cells and pyramidal
      cells of the hippocampus has been measured in 82 persons of age range 2--91
      years, who were free from overt neurological disease at the time of death. All 4
      cell types accumulate lipofuscin in a linear manner throughout life, but to
      markedly differing extents. Both the RNA content and nucleolar volume of dentate,
      olivary and hippocampal cells decrease, with advancing age, in a similar way in
      all of these 3 cell types, despite the widely differing extents of pigment
      accumulation, with losses of RNA and nucleolar volume at 90 years of age of 15
      and 30% respectively. Olivary cells which contain most pigment show a different
      pattern of change with losses of RNA and nucleolar volume of about 60%. It seems,
      therefore, that, if there is a causal relationship between lipofuscin
      accumulation and reductions in RNA and nucleolar volume, it is rather obscure. It
      cannot simply be a matter of the absolute amounts of pigment present in any one
      cell type, but rather might be that there is a critical concentration of such
      material in the cytoplasm.

PMID- 690666
TI  - Serum protein binding of lead in vitro in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients
      and controls.
AB  - The binding of lead to serum proteins was studied in vitro in ALS-patients and
      controls. Serum was incubated with 210Pb, the proteins were separated by
      isoelectric focusing and the radioactivity in the different protein fractions was
      determined by liquid scintillation counting. The activity was concentrated in the
      orosomucoid (acid alpha1-glycoprotein) fraction both in ALS-patients and controls
      under the present experimental conditions and the capacity of this protein to
      bind lead was demonstrated in a control experiment. The findings are discussed in
      relation to our earlier observations on increased concentrations of lead in
      cerebrospinal fluid and plasma in ALS-patients and the hypothetical role of the
      retrograde axonal transport in motoneurons in the pathogenesis of ALS. The
      present observations do not lend support to the idea that the increased plasma
      concentrations of lead in the disease would be related to qualitative differences
      in serum protein binding.

PMID- 690667
TI  - Mixed mesenchymal tumors: meningioma and nerve sheath tumor.
AB  - Two spinal tumors are reported which consisted  of an admixture of meningiomatous
      and nerve sheath tumor tissues. The former was represented by whorled tissues in
      both cases, syncytial areas in one and psammoma bodies in the other. The latter
      was represented by cells with parallel oriented, elongated nuclei and
      intercellular connective tissue fibers, which contained neurons and myelinated
      axons. Each of the tumors contained anaplastic areas of increased cellularity and
      atypism, in addition to the well differentiated areas. On tumor was at cervical
      levels in a 55 year old man; he has survived for 7 years post-operatively, but
      with continued pain and motor difficulties. The other was at lumber levels in a
      68 year old man; died 6 weeks after operation. No autopsy was obtained. There
      were no stigmata of von Recklinghausen's disease in either patient. It is
      suggested that these tumors should not be viewed as teratoid, i.e. of mixed
      mesenchymal and neurectodermal character. If Schwann cells are considered
      mesenchymal, as is suggested in other studies, the tumors would represent mixed
      mesenchymal tumors, like those frequently observed elsewhere, e.g. the
      angiomyolipomas.

PMID- 690668
TI  - Lymphocytic inflammation produced by intracerebral implantation of zinc and other
      metals.
AB  - Sxteen pure metals were implanted as pellets of powder or as wires into the
      brains of rats. Al, Be, Cr, Fe, Pb, Sn, and W were relatively innocuous. Mg and
      Mn produced local necrosis. Bi, Cd, Co, Cu and Ni produced more severe local
      necrosis. Viable tissue adjacent to Co and Ni necrotic lesions had some
      perivascular lymphocytic infiltrates. Zn implants caused very little necrosis but
      adjacent areas had prominent perivascular lymphocytic cuffs. The infiltrates
      persisted for at least 4 weeks but disappeared as soon as the zinc was removed.
      Some compounds of zinc were also capable of inducing infiltrates. The
      perivascular infiltrates resembled the lesions of allergic encephalomyelitis, but
      there was no correlation between the ability of metal powders to induce
      lymphocytic infiltrates after intracerebral implantation and their adjuvancy
      after intraperitoneal injection with neural antigen.

PMID- 690669
TI  - Transneuronal changes in the optic tectum following eye enucleation in the
      newborn rat.
AB  - Following unilateral eye enucleation, degenerated neurons were observed in the
      affected tectum. However, dead cells also were present in the ipsilateral tectum,
      i.e., on the side which does not receive input from the enucleated eye. Further,
      the degeneration pattern observed in the experimental animals was similar to that
      observed in control unoperated animals. From these results we concluded that
      within the period studied, eye enucleation does not cause cell death to the
      neurons onto which the optic tract projects. Rather, the dead cells observed in
      the tectum are due to normal cell death that occurs in embryological development.
      The reduction in volume that occurs to the affected tectum following eye
      enucleation is attributed to an absence of the optic tract rather than to a
      neuronal loss.

PMID- 690670
TI  - RNA content and volume of nerve cell bodies in human brain. I. Prefrontal cortex
      in aging normal and demented patients.
AB  - The age-related change in the neuronal RNA content, volume, and the RNA
      concentration of 2,160 single cell bodies was examined from the prefrontal
      cortex. Human brains from 15 normal and 3 demented patients of ages ranging from
      8 months to 94 years were obtained at post-mortem examination. The neuronal RNA
      showed an adult level at age 9 years and remained unchanged until age 66; the
      mean RNA content was 27.15 pg during this period of time. A decline in the RNA
      content followed with increasing ages, but it leveled off to an average of 17.97
      pg after the age of 80 years. A comparative observation of morphological changes
      of normal and demented patients reveal the quantitative spectrum of senile
      plaques. In spite of the presence of significantly more senile plaques, patients
      with senile dementia showed the RNA content and the volume of the cell body like
      those of normal patients of similar age. There seems to be no criterion which is
      characteristic of senile dementia in terms of the RNA content in cortical cell
      bodies.

PMID- 690671
TI  - Oncornavirus particles in neurons of guinea pig trigeminal ganglion.
AB  - Virus-like particles morphologically similar to oncornaviruses were observed in
      trigeminal ganglion neurons of two normal, random-bred, adult Hartley guinea
      pigs. Only a few neurons showed virus particles, but the particles were numerous
      in the cells in which they were present. Extracellular virus particles were not
      observed. Similar oncornavirus particles were observed in trigeminal ganglion
      explant cultures derived from normal guinea pigs after treatment with
      bromodeoxyuridine. Both intracellular and extracellular particles were frequently
      observed in and around supporting cells. Intracytoplasmic oncornavirus-like
      particles were occasionally observed within neurons. These results support
      consideration that trigeminal ganglion and other sensory ganglion neurons may be
      primary sites for latent oncornavirus infection of the nervous system.

PMID- 690672
TI  - Melanotic medulloblastoma. Report of a case with ultrastructural findings.
AB  - A pigmented neoplasm of the cerebellar vermis in a four year old child was
      typical of differentiating medulloblastoma with islands of epithelial-like cells
      containing melanin pigment. There have been several previous reports of such
      melanotic cerebellar neoplasms. Reported cases have had a clinically malignant
      behavior with dissemination in the central nervous system. They appear to be
      variants of medulloblastoma and not pigmented neuroectodermal tumors of infancy
      (melanotic prognomas or retinal anlage tumors). Ultrastructurally the neoplasm
      was compatible with medulloblastoma with focal poorly differentiated cells which
      contained melanin pigment. The pigment resembled neural crest (cutaneous or
      ocular) melanin rather than neuromelanin.

PMID- 690673
TI  - Aspinous and sparsely-spinous stellate neurons in the visual cortex of rats
      contain glutamic acid decarboxylase.
AB  - Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), the enzyme that synthesizes the
      neurotransmitter gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA), has been localized in the rat
      visual cortex by immunocytochemical methods with both light and electron
      microscopy. In both colchicine-injected and non-injected preparations of the
      visual cortex, GAD-positive reaction product was observed in somata, proximal
      dendrites and axon terminals of non-pyramidal neurons. The GAD-positive terminals
      were observed to form symmetric synaptic junctions most commonly with dendritic
      shafts and somata of pyramidal and stellate neurons and less frequently with
      initial axon segments of pyramidal neurons and dendritic spines. In colchicine
      injected preparations, GAD-positive somata were located in all cortical layers
      including the immediately subjacent white matter. In contrast, sections from non
      injected rats displayed GAD-positive somata within a superficial and a deep
      cortical band. The GAD-positive somata observed in both types of preparations
      received both symmetric and asymmetric synaptic junctions, lacked apical
      dendrites, and had radially oriented dendrites of small diameter. These
      characteristics of GAD-positive neurons indicate that they are aspinous and
      sparsely-spinous stellate neurons. The localization of GAD within these neurons
      in combination with physiological and pharmacological data indicate that these
      local circuit neurons mediate GABA-ergic inhibition in the neocortex.

PMID- 690674
TI  - Glycoprotein transport in the rat cerebellum.
AB  - The fate of tritiated fucose in rat cerebellum has been followed using
      autoradiographic techniques for a period up to one week after intraventricular
      injection. At intervals of up to three hours after injection, Purkinje and
      granule cell bodies were found to be most heavily labelled. Subsequently this
      labelling declined and the highest grain density was observed over the molecular
      layer. The data is interpreted in terms of fucose incorporation into
      glycoproteins in nerve cell bodies followed by rapid dendritic transport in the
      Purkinje cell and fast transport in granule cells along ascending axons and
      parallel fibres.

PMID- 690675
TI  - An experimental analysis of interlamellar tight junctions in amphibian and
      mammalian C.N.S. myelin.
AB  - The distribution of interlamellar tight junctions was examined in myelin sheaths
      of Xenopus tadpole optic nerve and rabbit epiretinal tissue fixed with aldehydes,
      postfixed with osmium ferrocyanide and embedded in a water-soluble medium,
      Durcupan. Intramyelinic zonulae occludentes were clearly formed by fusion of
      adjacent intraperiod lines which corresponded to the external leaflets of
      oligodendrocytes. These occurred in register with other tight junctions present
      within successive lamellae and appeared as a series of radial lines extending
      either partially or totally across the thickness of the myelin sheath. This
      distribution of zonulae occludentes corresponded with that of tight junctional
      particle strands observed in freeze-fracture replicas. Analysis of intramyelinic
      vacuolation induced by hexachlorophene (HCP) intoxication indicated that lamellar
      splitting was frequently limited by the tight junctions. The intramyelinic
      zonulae occludentes also restricted the diffusion of colloidal lanthanum which
      had penetrated the myelin intraperiod gap following in vivo perineural injection.
      The results of this study provide evidence favouring a correspondence between
      interlamellar tight junctions and the 'radial component' of myelin described
      earlier by other investigators. Furthermore, observations of swollen myelin
      sheaths, resulting from HCP intoxication, suggest that these junctions may play a
      major role in maintaining myelin sheath integrity and limiting the extent of
      breakdown during certain pathological conditions.

PMID- 690676
TI  - Fine structure of the rat carotid body transplanted into the anterior chamber of
      the eye.
AB  - Rat carotid bodies transplanted into the anterior chamber of the eye were studied
      by electron microscopy. Chief and sustentacular cells and a few ganglion cells
      survived for 3 months and maintained cytological characteristics similar to those
      in the intact carotid body. The transplant contained many fenestrated
      capillaries. Chief cells at the periphery of the cell cluster had long
      cytoplasmic processes which projected into the stroma of the iris. The cell
      processes became incorporated into bundles containing nerve fibres, which were
      enveloped by a perineurial sheath. Three types of nerve fibres were identified in
      the explant. Type I and type II nerve fibres (presumptive cholinergic and
      adrenergic, respectively) were enclosed by sustentacular and satellite cells.
      Most of the nerve fibres were completely separated from chief cells and ganglion
      cells by sustentacular and satellite cells. A few nerve fibres made direct
      apposition to chief cells and ganglion cells, where some nerves were presynaptic
      to them. Type III nerve fibres derived from myelinated nerve fibres were also
      enclosed by sustentacular and satellite cells.

PMID- 690677
TI  - Pulmonary edema following fatal aneurysm rupture.
AB  - A retrospective clinico-pathological analysis of 78 cases of fatal subarachnoid
      hemorrhage (SAH) was carried out: 71% had a pathological diagnosis of pulmonary
      edema (PE), and of these 31% had a clinical diagnosis of PE. Patients with
      pathological PE were younger and died sooner after their SAH than those without.
      The incidence of PE fell with the passage of time following SAH, while the
      occurrence of pneumonia and embolism increased. There were hypoxemia and
      hypocapnia in both groups, more severe in the group that had pathological PE. The
      pathophysiology of neurogenic PE is discussed and possible therapeutic approaches
      indicated.

PMID- 690678
TI  - Protective effects of methyl prednisolone and dimethyl sulfoxide in experimental
      middle cerebral artery embolectomy.
AB  - Acute arterial embolism continues to be a major cause of stroke morbidity in
      children and young adults. Potential therapy modalities include medical
      management and/or cerebral revascularization. The canine middle cerebral artery
      (MCA) was embolized by means of a pliable cylinder, 8 mm long by 1.6 mm in
      diameter, via the internal carotid artery. Control and experimental embolectomies
      were performed 6 hours following embolization. The experimental animals were
      treated with either dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or methyl prednisolone. In the
      control animals, the average area of infarction in the brain was 1.45 cu cm. The
      animals treated with methyl prednisolone (2 mg/kg) or DMSO (2 gm/kg) showed no
      infarction of the brain, whereas methyl prednisolone (30 mg/kg) did not prevent
      infarction.

PMID- 690679
TI  - Modification of acute focal ischemia by treatment with mannitol and high-dose
      dexamethasone.
AB  - A simple implanted device was used to occlude the left middle cerebral artery
      (MCA) of 50 conscious cats. In the acute experiments, 10 cats were given mannitol
      (1.2 gm/kg intravenously) and 10 cats were untreated. The neurological status of
      the treated cats improved. Perfusion with a mixture of colloidal carbon and
      buffered paraformaldehyde was carried out from 30 minutes to 12 hours following
      MCA occlusion. Results of the morphological examination of the brains
      demonstrated that mannitol delayed the development of neuronal alterations and
      edema. Measurement of capillary luminal diameters in the ischemic cortex of the
      untreated cats revealed progressive narrowing with microcirculatory obstruction
      occurring at 6 hours. Capillary narrowing was absent or minimal in the treated
      cats during the initial 6 hours. Breakdown of the blood-brain barrier also was
      delayed by treatment. In the 30 subacute experiments, 10 cats were untreated, 10
      cats received mannitol (1.2 gm/kg intravenously), and 10 cats were given a
      combination of mannitol and high-dose dexamethasone. Although early transient
      clinical improvement occurred in the treated animals, morphological findings in
      the brains of the treated and untreated cats following 48 hours of ischemia were
      not significantly different. Despite the finding that the beneficial effects of
      mannitol were relatively short-lived (6 to 12 hours), the delay in the
      development of irreversible changes probably is important as it would allow a
      longer period of time for the institution of a more definitive form of therapy.

PMID- 690680
TI  - Treatment of aneurysmal hemiplegia with dopamine and mannitol.
AB  - Three patients with severe postoperative hemiplegia and one with hemiplegia
      following a subarachnoid hemorrhage are presented. None had hematomas. All were
      treated with dopamine-induced hypertension, mannitol, and large quantities of
      intravascular fluids. All showed a remarkable degree of clinical improvement,
      presumably secondary to an increase in cerebral blood flow.

PMID- 690681
TI  - A simple gravimetric technique for measurement of cerebral edema.
AB  - A simple method was developed for the laboratory preparation of gradient columns
      of specific gravity used in measurement of brain-tissue water. By this automated
      technique, virtually linear and repeatable density gradients were obtained from
      which values of tissue specific gravity could be determined. The specific gravity
      of both solid and fresh cortex and white matter from adult cats was measured and
      converted to units of percent water per gram tissue using conversion factors
      derived for this purpose and applicable to studies of brain edema.

PMID- 690682
TI  - Unmyelinated fibers in the trigeminal motor root. Possible relationship to the
      results of trigeminal rhizotomy.
AB  - Spinal ventral roots have been shown by electron microscopy to contain a
      substantial number of unmyelinated fibers. Physiological studies have confirmed
      that many of these subserve a sensory function. In this investigation the fiber
      spectrum of the human trigeminal motor root was studied by electron microscopy
      and it was determined that up to 20% of fibers were unmyelinated. This accounted
      for approximately 300 to 1000 fibers per root. Since visceral efferent fibers are
      thought not to occur in the trigeminal root, it appears likely that these
      unmyelinated fibers may be afferent in nature. It is believed that the presence
      of a substantial number of unmyelinated fibers in the trigeminal motor root may
      account for residual sensation or failure of pain relief after rhizotomy of the
      trigeminal portio major root.

PMID- 690683
TI  - Lumbar phlebography in the diagnosis of disc herniations.
AB  - The authors report their experience with 240 cases with lumbar phlebography in
      the diagnosis of lumbar disc herniations. The normal radiological anatomy and the
      radiological signs of disc herniations are described. Indications for
      phlebography are given, and the reliability of this test is compared with that of
      myelography performed with water-soluble agents.

PMID- 690684
TI  - Spinal evoked potentials in the primate: neural substrate.
AB  - Summated responses evoked by peripheral nerve stimulation were recorded from
      electrodes located in the epidural and subdural spaces anterior and posterior to
      the monkey spinal cord. Segmental microsurgical resection of the dorsal columns
      both at the thoracic and cervical levels resulted in total obliteration of the
      response recorded rostral to these lesions. Isolated segmental dorsal column
      preservation did not significantly alter response latency or wave form recorded
      at the rostral electrodes. Bilateral cervical dorsolateral column resection also
      resulted in no discernible alterations of these responses. These data indicate
      that spinal evoked potentials recorded from levels rostral to their root entry
      zones arise almost exclusively from the dorsal columns.

PMID- 690685
TI  - Studies of experimental cervical spinal cord transection. Part I: Hemodynamic
      changes after acute cervical spinal cord transection.
AB  - Two distinct and sequential patterns of hemodynamic alteration were observed
      after acute cervical spinal cord transection in anesthetized dogs. Interruption
      of the cord initially caused a 45% increase in mean arterial pressure (p less
      than 0.01), a 34% increase in systemic vascular resistance (p less than 0.05),
      and a 92% increase in left ventricular dp/dt (p less than 0.01), reflecting a
      generalized sympathetic response to trauma. Concomitant bradycardia and escape
      arrhythmias suggested relative parasympathetic hyperactivity. Resolution of the
      brief pressor response was followed by a second, more prolonged, period
      characterized by a fall in arterial pressure to 71% of control levels (p less
      than 0.05), a 16% decrease in systemic vascular resistance, and a 58.5% decrease
      in left ventricular dp/dt (p less than 0.01). These latter hemodynamic changes
      are consistent with sympathetic denervation and failure of regulatory mechanisms
      mediated by both alpha- and beta-adrenergic peripheral vascular and myocardial
      receptors.

PMID- 690686
TI  - Altered blood flow and secondary injury in experimental spinal cord trauma.
AB  - A modification of the hydrogen clearance technique was used to study blood flow
      in the dorsolateral funiculus of traumatized thoracic spinal cord in cats. The
      result of this study show that ischemia occurred in all animals both at the level
      of trauma, and 1 cm below the site of trauma. There was, however, a period of
      over 1 hour after trauma during which blood flow was maintained at both sites.
      This investigation not only confirms the presence of ischemia in the lateral
      funiculus of the injured spinal cord but suggests that a period of time exists in
      the posttraumatic period during which pharmacological intervention may alter the
      ischemic response and possibly prevent secondary injury resulting from the
      ischemia.

PMID- 690687
TI  - The effect of amphotericin B on the survival of brain-tumor-bearing mice treated
      with CCNU.
AB  - The membrane-active polyene, amphotericin B (AMB) has been shown to enhance or
      potentiate the effects of various chemotherapeutic agents against tumor cells in
      tissue culture. Because of the need to increase the efficacy of the nitrosoureas
      in brain-tumor chemotherapy, we have studied the effect of the nitrosourea, 1-(2
      chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU), with or without AMB pretreatment.
      The intraperitoneal administration of 25 mg/kg of AMB 24 hours before 5, 10, 20
      or 30 mg/kg of intraperitoneal CCNU did not result in a significant improvement
      in survival. The failure of intraperitoneal AMB to potentiate the effect of CCNU
      was likely a failure in drug delivery, since AMB crosses the blood-brain barrier
      very poorly. To circumvent the drug-delivery problem, AMB was administered
      intracerebrally directly into the tumor-bearing hemisphere. With 0.5 mg/kg of
      intracerebral AMB administered 24 hours before 10 mg/kg CCNU was given
      intraperitoneally, the life-span was significantly increased over the control
      group. The same dose of CCNU alone did not significantly increase survival. When
      0.2, 0.5, or 1.0 mg/kg AMB was administered intracerebrally 24 hours before 20
      mg/kg of interaperitoneal CCNU, survival was significantly increased over those
      groups receiving the same dose of CCNU alone. It is concluded that direct
      intracerebral administration of AMB enhances or potentiates the therapeutic
      effect of CCNU in this brain-tumor model.

PMID- 690688
TI  - Chemotherapy of recurrent medulloblastoma with combined procarbazine, CCNU, and
      vincristine.
AB  - Seventeen patients with recurrent medulloblastoma were treated with a combination
      of three drugs: procarbazine, CCNU, and vincristine (PCV). Tumor recurrence was
      documented at varying periods following surgery and radiotherapy. Among 16
      evaluable patients, ten showed a response to PCV on the basis of subjective
      neurological improvement and a decrease in tumor size by radiological criteria.
      Five patients were designated as having stable disease on the basis of no change
      in neurological status and tumor size. One patient showed uninterrupted
      progression of disease. The median time to progression for all patients was 45
      weeks. Significnat myelotoxicity, exacerbated by prior spinal irradiation,
      compromised therapy. After an initial response, it was often necessary to reduce
      the higher doses of CCNU and procarbazine that caused concomitant bone-marrow
      toxicity; as a consequence of the lowered doses, tumor progression was then
      frequently observed. The authors conclude that PCV is an effective form of
      palliative therapy for recurrent medulloblastoma.

PMID- 690689
TI  - Myopathy associated with epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA) therapy. Report of two
      cases.
AB  - The association of myopathy with epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA) treatment after
      subarachnoid hemorrhage in two cases is reported. Clinical and laboratory
      findings and possible mechanisms are discussed in light of the known pharmacology
      of the drug. Recovery ensues if EACA treatment is terminated as soon as myopathy
      appears.

PMID- 690690
TI  - Acoustic neurinoma presenting as subarachnoid hemorrhage. Case report.
AB  - A case of an acoustic neurinoma presenting as a subarachnoid hemorrhage is
      described. This is the second such case in the literature.

PMID- 690691
TI  - Spinal epidural venous angioma causing foraminal enlargement and erosion of
      vertebral body. Case report.
AB  - A case history of a segmental epidural venous angioma is presented. Findings
      included foraminal enlargement and vertebral body erosion. Routine computerized
      tomography with contrast enhancement should be helpful in diagnosis of vascular
      anomalies in patients with radicular symptoms.

PMID- 690692
TI  - Traumatic cerebrospinal fluid-lymphatic fistula. Case report.

PMID- 690693
TI  - Hematoma of the quadrigeminal plate. Case report.
AB  - The authors report a case in which a hematoma of the quadrigeminal plate resulted
      from the rupture of a "cryptic" arteriovascular malformation (AVM) fed by the
      artery of the quadrigeminal plate. The AVM was symptomatic before rupturing and
      this clinical feature, associated with the lack of angiographic demonstration,
      led to the erroneous preoperative diagnosis of a tumor. In retrospect, the only
      finding that might have suggested the correct diagnosis was the beaded appearance
      on the ventriculogram of the aqueduct due to blood clots into this fluid space.

PMID- 690694
TI  - Persistent hypoglossal artery and persistent trigeminal artery presenting with
      posterior fossa transient ischemic attacks. Report of two cases.
AB  - Two patients, one with a persistent hypoglossal artery and the other with a
      persistent trigeminal artery, presented with transient ischemic attacks in the
      distribution of the posterior fossa. Both had stenosis and ulcerative plaques at
      the carotid bifurcation. Their symptoms were successfully relieved after carotid
      endarterectomy.

PMID- 690695
TI  - Xeroradiography in evaluation of cervical spine injuries. Technical note.

PMID- 690696
TI  - CT scan and cerebellar hemorrhage.

PMID- 690697
TI  - Dermoid cyst of anterior fontanel.

PMID- 690698
TI  - Mobile tumor of cauda equina.

PMID- 690700
TI  - Occlusion of inferior vena cava--features by radionuclide venography.
AB  - Six adults with inferior vena caval obstruction are presented. Three were the
      results of surgical intervention, two were secondary to large thrombi, and one
      was due to pressure from a large renal-cell carcinoma and adjacent nodes. All
      underwent a modified approach of radionuclide venography, using a moderately
      large volume of sodium pertechnetate. Features characteristic of inferior vena
      caval obstruction were demonstrated in five of the six patients, and these
      various features are described and discussed.

PMID- 690699
TI  - [99mTc] pertechnetate radionuclide venography--large-volume injection without
      tourniquet.
AB  - Radionuclide venography was performed in patients who were suspected clinically
      to have thromboembolic disease of the lower extremities and/or pelvis. A
      moderately large volume of pertechnetate was administered in the dorsal vein of
      each foot without the benefit of applied tourniquets at the time of injection.
      Sixty-five (27.2%) of 242 studies were abnormal; the majority revealed defect(s)
      and collaterals, some collaterals only, and a few defects only. In 140 normal
      patients only the deep venous system was outlined in 74.5%, while the remainder
      defined one or both sides of the superficial venous system (great saphenous
      vein). The merits and apparent advantages derived from radionuclide venographic
      procedure are discussed. The method is simple, reproducible, and useful in
      assessing thromboembolic disease, particularly in the deep venous system of the
      lower extremities and pelvis.

PMID- 690701
TI  - Ga-67 citrate imaging in malignant lymphoma: final report of cooperative group.
AB  - In a large cooperative study of Ga-67 uptake in non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma,
      76% of untreated patients showed positive uptake in one or more lesions. The
      percentage of known individual lesions seen on scan was significantly lower;
      thus, negative findings at any one site may have much less significance than
      positive findings. After treatment, the number of lesions seen decreases sharply,
      but the role of Ga-67 in evaluating response to therapy is uncertain, especially
      in view of the fairly large number of lesions undetectable before therapy.
      Histologic type plays a role in Ga-67 uptake. Large lesions are much more
      effectively detected than small ones. In spite of numerous false-negative
      results, Ga-67 scanning is a useful method in evaluating the extent of untreated
      disease and the presence of lesions posttherapy.

PMID- 690702
TI  - Myocardial blood flow as measured by fractional uptake of rubidium-84 and
      microspheres.
AB  - Under conditions of varying flow rates, total myocardial blood flow, measured by
      fractional uptake of rubidium-84, using a coincidence counting system, was
      compared with myocardial flow measured by microspheres (15 +/- 5 micrometer). The
      methods were compared, open-chested, in 47 dogs: 17 during control, ten following
      5 min of ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery, five following
      i.v. isoproterenol, six following ligation and isoproterenol, and nine after
      ligation plus dipyridamole. Regional flows by Rb-84 and by either Ce-141 or Cr-51
      microspheres were also compared for left ventricle, as well as for nonischemic
      posterior wall, which served as a reference area, and for anterior wall with
      ligation of left anterior descending artery in the same preparations. There were
      no significant differences in total or regional flow measured by the two methods,
      nor in the estimate of ischemic area size. The data indicate that measurement of
      myocardial blood flow by fractional uptake of a potassium analog is a reliable
      method in the presence of ischemia and drug intervention. It is suggested that
      the inequalities of extraction ratio that occur with differing flow rates do not
      invalidate fractional-uptake methods over the flow ranges examined.

PMID- 690703
TI  - Uptake of Tc-99m monophosphate complexes in bone and myocardial necrosis in
      animals.
AB  - Bidentate monophosphates--phosphonoacetate (PAA), 2-phosphonoproprionate (PPA), 2
      methyl-2-phosphonoproprionate (MPPA), and carbamyl phosphate (CAP)--which are
      pyrophosphate analogs, were successfully labeled with Sn(II)-reduced [99mTc]
      pertechnetate in high yield (greater than 95%). Biodistribution studies show that
      these Tc-99m-labeled monophosphates do localize in bone. At 2 hr after injection,
      Tc-99m CAP has average femur uptakes of 1.9% in rats and 2.9% in rabbits, which
      correspond to calculated total-bone uptakes of 38% and 58%, respectively. These
      are comparable with the femur uptakes for Tc-99m methylene diphosphonate (MDP),
      which are 1.8% in rats and 2.7% in rabbits. However, the blood clearance rate for
      Tc-99m CAP was slower than that observed for Tc-99m MDP making the former less
      desirable for use as a bone-scanning agent. The femur uptakes for Tc99m PAA are
      0.9% in rats and 1.2% in rabbits, corresponding to 18% and 24% in total bone,
      respectively. The PAA derivatives PPA and MPPA have much lower bone uptake.
      Technetium-99m CAP also concentrates in necrotic myocardium in rats, in amounts
      comparable to Tc-99m pyrophosphate.

PMID- 690704
TI  - Demonstration of improved myocardial perfusion following aortic implantation of
      anomalous left coronary artery.
AB  - An adult with anomalous origin of the left coronary artery (originating from the
      pulmonary artery) had implantation of the anomalous vessel into the aorta.
      Exercise myocardial perfusion imaging with thallium-201, performed before and
      after the operation, disclosed a marked improvement in anterior-wall Tl-201
      uptake. Postoperative isotope ventriculogram showed improved regional contraction
      in the revascularized anterolateral wall of the left ventricle. Thus, it has been
      demonstrated that implantation of an anomalous left coronary into the aorta
      improves regional myocardial perfusion and regional left-ventricular motion.

PMID- 690705
TI  - Rapid assay for total unbound Tc-99m in preparations of Tc-99m in macroaggregated
      albumin: concise communication.
AB  - A rapid economic filter-paper assay for determining total unbound Tc-99m in
      preparations of Tc-99m macroaggregated albumin (Tc-99m MAA) is described. The
      procedure uses Whatman 542 filter-papter discs and aqueous 0.009% NaCl as wash
      solution. The principal radiochemical impurities found in Tc-99m MAA kits are not
      significantly adsorbed to the filter matrix. The procedure can be completed in 1-
      2 min and gives results comparable to those obtained by the centrifuge assay (USP
      XIX).

PMID- 690706
TI  - Possible tumor localization of Tc-99m-labeled liposomes: effects of lipid
      composition, charge, and liposome size.
AB  - The possible in vivo distribution of liposomes after they have been directly
      labeled with Tc-99m has been studied in rats bearing the Walker 256 carcinoma.
      The importance of lipid composition, charge, and size of liposome were studied
      with respect to possible tumor-localizing properties. Tumor uptake was best with
      small, fluid-membrane, negatively charged liposomes, as indicated by the
      distribution of the Tc-99m label. The uptake was visualized on scintigrams.

PMID- 690707
TI  - A rapid method for the labeling of albumin microspheres with In-113 and In-111:
      concise communication.
AB  - A rapid and simple method for preparing microspheres labeled with In-113m or In
      111 is described. The procedure requires 10 min and gives labeling yields
      approaching 100%. Biodistribution studies in rats, mice, and dogs show the
      product to be biologically stable, with approximately 90% of the injected dose
      localized in the lung at 1 hr postinjection. The convenient production of In-113m
      or In-111 albumin microspheres provides an alternate radiopharmaceutical to
      complement or substitute for Tc-99m microspheres in lung perfusion imaging and
      other circulation studies.

PMID- 690708
TI  - Optimization of analog-circuit motion correction for liver scintigraphy.
AB  - Respiratory motion customarily degrades the resolution of a routine hepatic
      scintigram. We have analyzed four analog motion-correction methods and have
      measured their abilities to maintain good spatial resolution over a broad range
      of liver scintigraphy parameters. The analog circuit described can maintain the
      spatial resolution of the scintillation camera within 2 mm of the full width at
      half maximum of the stationary point-sread function. Experiments show that
      clinicians require about 50% greater film-density contrast to detect a 2-cm-diam.
      lesion if motion correction is not used. In 14% of the cases studied, the
      addition of a motion-corrected anterior view to the usual four-view liver study
      (performed without motion correction) resulted in a changed clinical
      interpretation. We conclude that analog motion correction should be provided in
      all scintillation cameras used for liver scintigraphy.

PMID- 690709
TI  - Collimator evaluation for Tl-201 myocardial imaging.
AB  - Three collimators--high-resolutions, converging, and pinhole--were evaluated for
      Tl-201 myocardial imaging. Line spread function, sensitivity measurements, and
      phantom and animal studies were used. Features common to all the collimators
      were: a) better resolution at a closer distance with higher count density, and b)
      higher infarct detection rate in the tangenital projection than in the en face
      view relative to the lesion. Furthermore, an infarct in the epicardial location
      was better visualized than one in the endocardial location. In terms of
      resolution and sensitivity, the high-resolution collimator was found to be
      satisfactory in most clinical imagings, but for visualization of an infarct, its
      size by weight must be over 10--12 g. The pinhole collimator could resolve an
      infarct as small as 7 g, and use of the pinhole yielded a diagnostic accuracy of
      over 90%, compared with 75-80% for the high-resolution collimator. Although the
      low sensitivity of the pinhole collimator precludes its routine clinical use, the
      selected view would increase diagnostic accuracy. The converging collimator
      performed poorly in terms of lesion detectability, and its routine clinical use
      is not encouraged. The conclusion drawn here is valid in the system we have
      studied, but the variety of converging collimators must be evaluated further for
      their specific purposes.

PMID- 690710
TI  - Comparison of the Anger tomographic scanner and the 15-in. scintillation camera
      for gallium imaging.
AB  - The Anger longitudinal emission multiplane tomoscanner and a 15-in. Anger camera
      with multipeak spectroscopic capability were compared in a series of 51 patients.
      The tomoscanner was preferred in 49%, the camera in 12%, and 39% were equivalent.
      The tomoscanner preference is statistically significant (p less than .025). These
      data support the conclusion that the Anger multiplane tomographic scanner is the
      instrument of choice for gallium-67 imaging.

PMID- 690711
TI  - Airborne concentration of I-131 in a nuclear medicine laboratory.
AB  - This study measures the airborne radioactivity during the handling of millicurie
      quantities of I-131 in the liquid and capsule form. The data indicate there is
      significant airborne activity when bottles containing 100--145 mCi of liquid I
      131 are opened, and that the Nuclear Regulatory Commission level for airborne
      activity of I-131 in restricted areas (9 X 10(-9) muCi/ml) is exceeded. However,
      the airborne activity of I-131 is below the Nuclear Regulatory Commission level
      for restricted areas when 100-mCi quantities of I-131 in the capsule form are
      used, or during handling of liquid I-131 in the 20- to 30-mCi range. Thyroid
      counting is a better method than film badge for monitoring the personnel.

PMID- 690712
TI  - The utility of gallium-67 in tumor imaging: a comment on the final reports of the
      cooperative study group.

PMID- 690713
TI  - The ventilation study: before or after the perfusion lung scan?

PMID- 690714
TI  - Rapid miniaturized chromatographic quality-control procedures for Tc-99m
      radiopharmaceuticals.

PMID- 690715
TI  - Prominent motion of a Meckel's diverticulum.

PMID- 690716
TI  - Rating of the radiopharmaceuticals for brain imaging.

PMID- 690717
TI  - Effect of phenobarbital on liver uptake of Ga-67.

PMID- 690718
TI  - Saphenous vein varicosities--the use of Tc-99m-RBC blood-pool imaging for
      evaluation and followup.

PMID- 690719
TI  - Documentation of adrenal cyst by adrenal scanning techniques.

PMID- 690720
TI  - Splenic uptake of Tc-99m sulfur colloid in malignant melanoma.

PMID- 690721
TI  - Dry aerosol delivery system compared with ultrasonic nebulizer.

PMID- 690722
TI  - Use of I-123 in early radioiodide uptake and its suppression in children and
      adolescents with hyperthyroidism.
AB  - Absolute activity measurement of I-123 by coincidence counting was used to study
      the early thyroidal iodide uptake in 20 hyperthyroid children. Patients were
      pretreated either with methimazole or propylthiouracil before injection of
      Na123I. The usual method of analysis of the early uptake was modified to account
      for a rapidly equilibrating compartment, to give thyroidal iodide trapping rate
      constant (K1) and absolute iodide uptake (AIU). The suppressibility of the early
      uptake by triiodothyronine (T3) was evaluated in some patients. The upper limit
      of normal for K1 was 0.03 min-1 and for AIU was 0.04 microgram/min. In the
      hyperthyroid subjects, K1 and AIU were in the hyperthyroid range before and after
      T3 suppression. For patients with suppressible uptake, remission from
      hyperthyroidism was maintained for 6 mo to 2 1/2 yr. Only two patients with
      nonsuppressible uptake achieved remission from hyperthyroidism, perhaps because
      of coexistence of thyroiditis.

PMID- 690723
TI  - Studies on ascorbic acid metabolism in phenylhydrazine-treated rats.

PMID- 690724
TI  - Effect of different levels of dietary alpha-tocopherol and linoleate on plasma
      and liver lipids in rats.
AB  - The influences of dietary alpha-tocopherol, in combination with three different
      levels of linoleate (low, moderate or high levels), on the concentrations of
      plasma and liver lipids in rats were examined. Male Wister rats were fed diets ad
      libitum for 2 weeks. dl-alpha-Tocopheryl acetate was added to the diets in 0, 20
      or 200 mg tocopherol/100 g diet. The following results were obtained. (1) Higher
      dietary levels of alpha-tocopherol tended to cause higher plasma lipid levels in
      proportion to the amounts added. This phenomenon is most remarkable in rats fed a
      diet containing cholesterol and low linoleate (0.8% of calorie). (2) The
      concentrations of plasma lipids were influenced significantly than those of liver
      lipids by the levels of alpha-tocopherol under the conditions of this experiment.

PMID- 690725
TI  - Vitamin B6 biosynthesis and nucleoside effect in the resting cell system of
      Flavobacterium sp. 238-7.
AB  - As one of the attempts to find clues on precursors or intermediates of the
      vitamin B6 biosynthetic pathway, the resting cell system of Flavobacterium sp.
      238-7, a bacterium producing a high amount of the vitamin, was employed. Among
      various compounds tested as an additive to the reaction mixture, L-glutamate and
      nucleoside derivatives increased the formation of vitamin B6, respectively. The
      possible mechanism of the participation of these compounds in vitamin B6
      biosynthesis is discussed. The identification of vitamin B6 formed in the
      reaction mixture was done using column chromatography.

PMID- 690727
TI  - Breaking action of reductones related to ascorbic acid on nucleic acids.
AB  - The action of two types of ascorbate-related reductones on nucleic acids was
      investigated by comparison with that of ascorbic acid (AsA). Amino reductone
      (ScA) and thiol reductone (MHC) caused strandscissions in nucleic acids. This was
      confirmed by the fact that reductones lowered the viscosity of DNA solution and
      shifted the peaks of DNA and RNA to the low molecular side in centrifugal
      profile. Cu2+ strengthened their action as in the case of enediol reductones. The
      braking activity of thiol reductone is relatively wesk compared with those of
      amino and enediol reductones. The preferential degradation of spurinic acid was
      caused with amino and thiol reductones, suggesting that pyrimidine clusters in
      nucleic acids were susceptible to breakage.

PMID- 690726
TI  - Effect of pyridoxal administration on the contents of pyridoxal phosphate and
      gamma-aminobutyric acid in mouse brain.
AB  - Many mice treated with a high single dose of PL died in convulsions. The
      convulsions were very similar to those induced with some anti B6 in several ways:
      (1) a long latent period occurs betfore convulsions; (2) PLP levels in brain
      decrease; (3) GABA levels in brain, especially in synaptosomal fraction,
      decrease. The possibility that a deranged GABA metabolism in nerve ending may be
      a major cause of the convulsions is discussed.

PMID- 690728
TI  - Effect of various sugars on the induction of chick embryonic intestinal
      disaccharidases in the organ culture system.
AB  - Disaccharidases activities in 20-day-old chick embryonic intestine were induced
      by the addition of sucrose, maltose, fructose and glucose to the culture medium.
      However, maltitol, which cannot be digested by intestinal enzymes, showed no
      effect on the induction of disaccharidase activity. Kinetic study of the enzymes
      demonstrated that the maximum velocity (Vmax) and the Michaelis constant (Km) of
      sucrose induced disaccharidases activities of the explants showed changes similar
      to those observed in the chick of same developmental stage in vivo. Namely, Vmax
      values of sucrase and maltase were increased. Km values of sucrase did not
      change, but that of maltase showed a significant decrease during development.

PMID- 690729
TI  - Effect of dietary methionine level on anserine and carnosine contents in the
      gastrocnemius muscle of rat.
AB  - Anserine and carnosine in the muscle of growing rats were measured to explore the
      effect of dietary methionine. Carnosine was reduced in the gastrocnemius muscle
      of rats fed on a methionine-free diet. After refeeding on methionine for one
      week, carnosine in the muscle approached to the normal level. In contrast,
      anserine increased in the muscle of rats fed on a methionine-free diet. Anserine
      also increased in the gastrocnemius muscle of rats fed on a methionine-excess
      diet, whereas carnosine did not vary. Npi-Methylhistidine was detected in the
      muscle of rats fed on a methionine-excess diet. Moreover, Npi-methylhistindine
      and Ntau-methylhistine in the urine increased in the rats fed on both methionine
      excess and methionine-free diets. Carnosine in the gastrocnemius muscle was not
      affected by a ethionine diet nor by a orotic acid diet which induced fatty liver.
      However, anserine increased in the muscle of rats fed on a ethionine diet.

PMID- 690730
TI  - Serum lipid pattern in urban and rural Thai population.
AB  - Serum cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipid, total lipid and weight to height
      ratio were studied in 172 individuals from Bangkok, mainly university staff, and
      in 247 individuals from rural areas of northeast Thailand. Total lipid and
      phospholipid levels were statistically significant higher and triglyceride lower
      in the Bangkok group compared with the group from the rural areas. A cholesterol
      level did not differ significantly between the groups. The results are discussed
      in respect of a possible difference in the nutritional status between the
      individuals from the urban and rural area.

PMID- 690731
TI  - Influence of dietary protein on the properties of the red cell membrane in intact
      and splenectomized rats.
AB  - The possibility that there is some common factor in protein deprivation and
      splenectomy affecting the properties of red cells was examined by measuring the
      lipid contents of the plasma and red cells, the surgace area and spherical index
      of red cells, and the lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity of the
      plasma in intact and splenectomized rats on diets with various levels of protein.
      Results showed that splenectomy markedly reduced the osmotic fragility and
      increased the lipid content and surface area of the red cells of all dietary
      groups, and that decrease in the protein content of the diet gradually reduced
      the osmotic fragility and increased the lipid content of the red cells. A
      significant linear correlation was observed between osmotic fragility and the
      lipid content of red cells. LCAT did not influence the cholesterol level in red
      cell membranes because its activity in the plasma was not affected by either
      splenectomy or the protein content of the diet. A protein-free diet induced
      normaocytic anemia, but increased the lipid content and reduced the osmotic
      fragility of red cells. Therefore, the effect of cholesterol in increasing the
      surface area of red cells was not proportional in the red cells of rats on a
      protein-free diet. The present studies suggest that the mechanism of accumulation
      of cholesterol in red cells is different in protein deprivation and splenectomy.
      That is, in protein deprivation, increase in red cell cholesterol may result from
      decreased esterification of cholesterol in the plasma because of the low
      concentration of the substrate of LCAT, high density lipoprotein; and in
      splenectomized rats, the cholesterol level of the cells may not be reduced
      because the red cells are not exposed to the red pulp of the spleen where the pH
      is very low. These possibilities are supported by the finding that the osmotic
      fragility of the red cells decreased most and the lipid content of the cells
      increased most in splenectomized rats on a protein-free diet.

PMID- 690732
TI  - Influence of restricted diet on epithelial renewal and maturation in the mice
      jejunum.
AB  - It has been known that the intestinal epithelial cell is characterized by a rapid
      cell turnover and by a gradient of differentiation from crypt to villus. The
      present study was undertaken to clarity the effect of diet on the migration and
      the maturation of the intestinal epithelial cells. The transit time from the
      crypt to the extrusion zone at the villus tip was determined with tritiated
      thymidine. To study the maturation of the cells the distribution of the terminal
      digestive enzymes, maltase [EC 3.2.1.20] and leucylnaphthylamidase E1EC 3.4.1.1],
      along the villus and crypt was analyzed quantitatively. And total activities of
      the same enzymes were assayed also in the mucosal homogenates. It was observed
      that the decrease in the migrating speed of villus cells was brought by energy
      restriction and the decrease in the migrating speed was associated with an
      increase of the enzyme activities in the upper zone of villus. And the result was
      that the intestinal epithelial cells which decrease in migrating speed by dietary
      restriction become more mature on the upper villus than those with unrestriced
      control.

PMID- 690734
TI  - Critique of NIOSH criteria document on fibrous glass.

PMID- 690733
TI  - Chemistry  of a color reaction of retinoic acid (vitamin A acid) in sulfuric
      acid.

PMID- 690735
TI  - A program of heart disease intervention for public employees. A five year report.
AB  - The five-year experience involving over 800 employees has effected reduced
      coronary risk factors, improved physical work capacity and maximal oxygen uptake
      and reduced employee absenteeism from personal sick leave. As in all instances
      where the self-selection process confounds the nature of the results, the extent
      of extrapolation from these data must be guarded. Nevertheless, the results
      support and further extend previous studies suggesting a reduction of CVD
      following formal behavior and life-style modification. It is the opinion of the
      authors that similar programs can be implemented where health services, flexible
      hours, agency cooperation and salaried coordinators can be assembled.

PMID- 690736
TI  - Chronic mercury poisoning from a single brief exposure.
AB  - For a number of years we have observed six patients whose illness began after
      inhaling high concentrations of mercury vapor in a single exposure. They all had
      symptoms of acute mercury poisoning with fever, chills, chest pain, and weakness.
      Three men had diffuse pulmonary infiltrates on chest x-ray suggesting chemical
      pneumonitis. Two of the men excreted large amounts of mercury in their urine two
      days after exposure following BAL therapy. Their chronic symptoms differed
      somewhat, but many complained of nervousness, irritability, lack of ambition, and
      loss of sexual desire. Chronic mercury poisoning is generally felt to follow only
      long periods of exposure. Although thess patients had symptoms which are not
      pathognomonic of chronic mercury poisoning, we feel the events described strongly
      suggest their relationship to a single brief exposure and represent a form of
      chronic mercurialism.

PMID- 690738
TI  - Effects of chronic occupational exposure to measured concentrations of benzene.
AB  - All ten employees have a history of exposure to benzene which exceeded a 25 ppm,
      eight-hour TWA for several years. For five of these employees this exposure level
      started over 20 years ago. One employee's high exposure level started over 35
      years ago. All ten employees had their initial high exposure to benzene more than
      16 years ago. At one period (late 1963 and early 1964) all ten employees had
      alterations in their peripheral blood studies, evidenced by an increase in MCV.
      Some of the employees had slight reduction of hemoglobin levels. No other
      significant blood or bone marrow abnormalities were evident. A mortality study,
      for the years 1940 to 1973, of 594 employees chronically exposed to benzene at
      the Midland, Mich., Dow location has recently been accepted for publication. This
      study was followed by a morbidity study of 282 employees, which were a subset of
      the employees in the mortality study. The morbidity study was based on health
      data obtained between 1967 and 1974. The ten employees described in this article
      were included in both the mortality study population of 594 employees and the
      morbidity study of the 282 employees.

PMID- 690737
TI  - Manufacturing exposure to coolant-lubricants. A preliminary report.
AB  - A high speed automated machining process on gray iron has been functioning over a
      period of 70 months with a variety of coolant-lubricant-additives used. The
      author followed 118 employees for variable lengths of time, with 12 having a 70
      month exposure period. To date, no significant chest x-ray, pulmonary function,
      lung cytology, or liver function abnormalities have been discovered. Any
      respiratory symptomatology seems to be related to either smoking or preexisting
      respiratory pathology. This is the initial report of an on-going surveillance
      program.

PMID- 690739
TI  - Health exam findings among individuals occupationally exposed to benzene.
AB  - We previously conducted a cohort mortality study of 594 individuals
      occupationally exposed to measured concentrations of benzene. This report
      presents health examination findings for a subset of 282 men from the larger
      group. Although slight decreases in mean total bilirubin and RBC values were
      detected statistically in comparing the exposed group to controls, these changes
      were not regarded as clinically significant. No correlations were found between
      peripheral blood counts and latency, duration or intensity of benzene exposure.
      Presently we have no indication from our data of adverse effects of benzene
      having occurred in our subset. Variation in latency among individuals and the
      possibility of subtle changes effecting an eventual pattern contribute to the
      need for continued surveillance.

PMID- 690740
TI  - Stress and success in dentistry. Some personality characteristics of successful
      dentists.
AB  - This article describes a study of relationships between a selected set of
      personality characteristics, as measured by the 16PF, and the success outcomes of
      a group of 109 dentists. Results indicate that Factor C (high ego strength),
      Factor F (liveliness and enthusiasm), Factor H (venturesomeness), Factor Q1
      (experimenting), Factor Q3 (high self-concept integration), Factor Q4
      (tenseness), Factor QII (anxiety) are significantly related to one or more index
      of success (satisfaction, size of practice, income and professional advancement).
      Findings are compared to results of earlier research concerning relationships
      between personality and stress related illness. Implications of findings are
      discussed in terms of the influence of personality on individuals' capacity to
      cope with occupational stress.

PMID- 690741
TI  - Epidemiological requirements for medical-environmental data management.
AB  - In establishing a system to provide data for epidemiological research in
      occupational health, it should be recognized that such studies require more
      information than what usually becomes available routinely in occupational health
      programs. Additional types of data that may have to be put into the system
      include supplementary diagnostic information, level and duration of exposure to
      potentially hazardous substances, demographic information related to
      socioeconomic status and fertility, population census statistics for the entire
      company and various company installations, and follow-up-data on retired
      employees. The quality of the data is especially important for epidemiologic
      research. Therefore, data validation procedures need to be established whereby
      the information that goes into the system is reviewed for precision,
      completeness, and reliability.

PMID- 690742
TI  - The so-called "OSHA generic standard on carcinogens".

PMID- 690743
TI  - Cardiac myxoma. Clinical and roentgenological aspects in 7 cases.

PMID- 690744
TI  - Squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. A study of 105 patients treated at Ulleval
      Hospital, Oslo. 1960--1970.

PMID- 690745
TI  - [A study of articulatory dynamics in the dysarthrias. Part II: parkinsonism
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 690746
TI  - [Interaction of bumetanide and kanamycin (author's transl)].

PMID- 690747
TI  - [A study of olfactory threshold vs. fatigue in intravenous olfaction test
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 690748
TI  - [A clinical study of dysphagia (author's transl)].

PMID- 690749
TI  - [Cultured human cancerous cells--established cell line originating from the human
      paranasal sinus (author's transl)].

PMID- 690750
TI  - [Use of the small-sized endotracheal tube for general anesthesia on the
      laryngomicrosurgery (author's transl)].

PMID- 690751
TI  - [Basic knowledge for plastic surgery in otorhinolaryngology (author's transl)].

PMID- 690752
TI  - Hemophilus influenzae type b pneumonia in 43 children.
AB  - Using positive blood, lung, or pleural fluid cultures as definitive criteria for
      bacterial infection, 43 examples of Hemophilus influenzae type b pneumonia were
      identified in a 43-month period. The mean age of the patients was 26 months; 12%
      were older than 5 years of age. Associated infections were found in 34 patients
      and included upper respiratory infections, otitis media, epiglottitis, and
      meningitis. Positive nasopharyngeal cultures were observed in only 33%.
      Radiologically, segmental or lobar infiltrates accounted for 85% of the
      pneumonias. In two cases, death was attributed to the pneumonia alone. Treatment
      with penicillin G or ampicillin was equally effective. Our data suggest that H.
      influenzae pneumonia is commonly a serious infection that cannot be distinguished
      clinically or radiologically from other pneumonias.

PMID- 690753
TI  - Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis mimicking Henoch-Schonlein purpura.
AB  - Two children with acute glomerulonephritis, cutaneous vasculitis, and abdominal
      pain are reported. One child also had transient arthralgia and gastrointestinal
      hemorrhage. Although the clinical presentation mimicked many of the features of
      Henoch-Schonlein purpura, both patients had unusual variants of poststreptococcal
      glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 690754
TI  - Diagnostic significance of antibody to native deoxyribonucleic acid in children
      with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and other connective tissue diseases.
AB  - Sera of children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and other connective tissue
      diseases were tested for antibodies to native DNA by a radiolabeled-binding
      assay. Normal values were obtained in 130 children with JRA, including 28 with
      uveitis and 14 with selective IgA deficiency. Normal values were also found in
      sera from children with dermatomyositis, scleroderma, polyarteritis, ankylosing
      spondylitis, and a variety of other nonconnective tissue diseases. The only sera
      with elevated DNA-binding assays were from children with systemic lupus
      erythematosus. On the basis of these data, increased levels of antibodies to
      native DNA distinguished patients with active SLE from children with JRA.

PMID- 690755
TI  - Treatment of complete ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency with nitrogen-free
      analogues of essential amino acids.
AB  - A male infant with complete hereditary deficiency of hepatic ornithine
      transcarbamylase was fed a low-protein diet (1 gm/kg/day) supplemented with
      nitrogen-free analogues of essential amino acids from the age of 2 days until his
      death at 5 months. Blood ammonia and plasma acid concentrations were maintained
      in the near normal range during most of his lifetime. Growth and development were
      entirely normal. Abrupt, unprecipitated hyperammonemia, which could not be
      reversed by intensive treatment, led to his death. To our knowledge, this child
      lived longer than any previously reported infant with OTC deficiency of this
      severity.

PMID- 690756
TI  - Congenital hypothyroidism and IQ increase: a quarter century follow-up.
AB  - Ten patients with a history of congenital hypothyroidism were recalled for IQ
      evaluation 16 to 26 years after an original IQ test at age 5 to 6. From childhood
      through adulthood, the IQ (Wechsler) increased (mean full scale IQ increase = 21;
      range = -5 to 43 points). Serial testing in three instances showed the timing of
      the increase to be sudden and unpredictable. Life achievements, mental health,
      and sexual adjustment were concordant with the IQ attained. The data suggest that
      in hypothyroidism intellectual growth may not occur in equal annual increments;
      with effective hormonal replacement and educational experience it may be subject
      to spurts of growth, with a resultant improved prognosis.

PMID- 690757
TI  - Standard growth curves for achondroplasia.
AB  - Standard growth curves for achondroplasia, the most common form of short-limbed
      dwarfism, have been constructed based on measurements of height, growth velocity,
      upper and lower segment, and head circumference in 400 achondroplastic dwarfs.
      These standard curves provide the basis to assess normal growth in these
      individuals, to aid in the determination of superimposed disorders, and to assess
      any growth accelerating therapy.

PMID- 690758
TI  - A clefting syndrome with ocular anterior chamber defect and lid anomalies.

PMID- 690759
TI  - Chlamydial pneumonitis.

PMID- 690760
TI  - Severe Mycoplasma pneumonia and vesicular eruption in SC hemoglobinopathy.

PMID- 690761
TI  - Poliomyelitis-like syndrome caused by Mcyoplasma pneumoniae.

PMID- 690762
TI  - Staphylococcal pyomyositis in South Texas.

PMID- 690763
TI  - Severe hypertension in a patient with unilateral obstructive hydronephrosis and
      renal artery stenosis.

PMID- 690764
TI  - Negative saralasin response in correctable renovascular hypertension.

PMID- 690765
TI  - Hyperkalemia-electrocardiographic abnormalities.

PMID- 690766
TI  - Metabolic acidosis from the loss of thoracic lymph.

PMID- 690767
TI  - Child abuse presenting as immunodeficiency disease.

PMID- 690768
TI  - XXX syndrome associated with immunoglobulin deficiency and epilepsy.

PMID- 690769
TI  - Correlation between serum propionate and blood ammonia concentrations in
      propionic acidemia.

PMID- 690770
TI  - An improved screening test for adenosine deaminase deficiency.

PMID- 690771
TI  - Maternal lead exposure and blood lead concentration in infancy.

PMID- 690773
TI  - Intracerebellar hematoma in the neonate.
AB  - The early diagnosis of posterior fossa hematoma in three term infants by computed
      tomography is described. The clinical findings included difficult labor and
      delivery, sudden onset of apnea during the first 24 hours of life, tense bulging
      fontanel, falling hematocrit, bloody cerebrospinal fluid, and cerebral
      obtundation. Rapid operative removal of the clot resulted in good recovery in two
      of the infants.

PMID- 690772
TI  - Administration of prostaglandin E1 in neonates with critical congenital cardiac
      defects.
AB  - Prostaglandin E1 was administered to 12 neonates and young infants in whom
      pulmonary or systemic blood flow was entirely or significantly dependent upon
      persistent patency of the ductus arteriosus. Nine neonates responded favorably to
      PGE1 infusion; their mean age was 2.8 days. Three infants who failed to respond
      were 10 days, 14 days, and 9 weeks of age, respectively. Six neonates with right
      ventricular outflow obstruction had a mean increase in arterial PO2 of 136%
      following administration of PGE1. In three patients in whom systemic flow was
      ductus dependent, PGE1 infusion was followed by improvement in arterial blood
      pressure, peripheral perfusion, and urine output. Complications included pyrexia,
      vasodilatation, and myoclonic jerks (or focal seizures). Three side effects were
      easily reversible by decreasing the infusion rate or altering the site of
      administration. PGE1 is a highly effective agent in stabilizing critically ill
      neonates with ductus dependent congenital cardiac lesions.

PMID- 690774
TI  - Neonatal herpangina caused by Coxsackie A-5 virus.

PMID- 690775
TI  - Effect of phototherapy on neonatal riboflavin status.

PMID- 690776
TI  - Phototherapy in newborn infants with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
      deficiency.

PMID- 690777
TI  - Umbilical catheter retrieval in the premature infant.

PMID- 690778
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis in a fetus at risk for hemoglobin S-O Arab disease.

PMID- 690779
TI  - Pharmacokinetic disposition and protein binding of furosemide in newborn infants.
AB  - Using a one-compartment model, the pharmacokinetic disposition of furosemide was
      studied in eight premature and term neonates with fluid overload. Following a
      single intravenous injection of furosemide (1 to 1.5 mg/kg), multiple blood
      samples were obtained from a heelstick or an arterial catheter and analyzed for
      furosemide by gas liquid chromatography. The mean (+/- SE) apparent volume of
      distribution was 829.2 +/- 118.9 ml/kg; t1/2 was 7.7 +/- 1.0 hour; elimination
      rate constant was 0.102 +/- 0.013/hour and plasma clearance was 81.61 +/- 14.98
      ml/kg/hour. Compared to the disposition of furosemide in normal adults. AVd is
      almost fourfold greater in the neonate with an eightfold prolongation in plasma
      t1/2, an eightfold decrease in Ke1, and a twofold decrease in plasma clearance.
      Neither gestational and postnatal age nor birth weight correlated with the
      pharmacokinetic variables. No significant change in reserve bilirubin-binding
      capacity after an intravenous dose of furosemide was noted. Slow elimination of
      furosemide may partly explain the prolonged diuretic and saluretic effect of
      furosemide in the neonate.

PMID- 690780
TI  - Urinary excretion of prostaglandin E following the administration of furosemide
      and indomethacin to sick low-birth-weight infants.
AB  - Urinary excretion of prostaglandin E was measured in seven sick low-birth-weight
      infants. Four had severe hyaline membrane disease and one had chronic
      bronchopulmonary dysplasia; all received furosemide. Two infants had patent
      ductus arteriosus and received indomethacin. Following administration of
      furosemide, urine volume and the excretion rates of sodium and calcium were
      significantly increased; such changes were not seen following the administration
      of indomethacin. Prostaglandin E excretion rate was increased from 0.4 +/- 0.04
      to 1.3 +/- 0.2 ng/mg Cr (mean +/- SEM) following administration of furosemide,
      but decreased in two patients following administration of indomethacin. The
      present results demonstrate that furosemide enhances urinary excretion of
      prostaglandin E by mechanisms which may reflect an increase in prostaglandin
      synthesis, a decrease in prostaglandin renal metabolism, or both. Indomethacin,
      which is a prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor, decreases the urinary excretion of
      prostaglandin E. These observations suggest that furosemide therapy in patients
      receiving indomethacin may be ineffective.

PMID- 690782
TI  - Seizures: a significant side effect of chlorambucil therapy in children.

PMID- 690781
TI  - Central nervous system toxicity associated with ingestion of propylene glycol.

PMID- 690783
TI  - A computerized single entry system for recording and reporting data on high-risk
      newborn infants.
AB  - A computer-assisted system for data collection in an intensive care nursery is
      described. Maternal history, infant history, diagnoses, and treatment are
      sequentially identified on a single form and then entered in batches into a
      computer at the time of patient discharge. Computer production of a discharge
      summary and letters to referring and follow-up physicians from a single data
      entry form account for an approximately 80% savings in physician record-keeping
      time per patient. Accuracy of the data is approximately two and one-half times
      greater than with existing methods of data gathering. Survey of disease
      occurrence and case fatality rates are rapidly available.

PMID- 690784
TI  - The use of developmental screening tests by primary-care pediatricians.
AB  - Two-hundred-twenty-two pediatricians were surveyed to determine the use of
      developmental screening tests in primary-care pediatrics. Sixty-three percent of
      the 121 primary care pediatricians responding to this survey reported that they
      use developmental screening tests, but only 15 to 20% screen more than 10% of
      their patients with these tests. Factors associated with the use of developmental
      screening tests included the year of graduation from medical school, level of
      postinternship training, duration of current practice, training in the use of
      tests as a house officer or fellow or at postgraduate seminars, and belief that
      the use of developmental screening is a necessary part of routine health
      maintenance. Pediatricians use developmental screening tests infrequently and,
      probably, only after evidence of developmental delay has been established by
      other criteria.

PMID- 690785
TI  - Atlantoaxial subluxation in juvenile ankylosing spondylitis.

PMID- 690786
TI  - Typhoid fever: unusual presentation.

PMID- 690787
TI  - Balance studies in newborn infants.

PMID- 690788
TI  - Metals and mental function.

PMID- 690789
TI  - Hemoglobin SC and pneumococcal infection.

PMID- 690790
TI  - Dose of theophylline for asthma.

PMID- 690791
TI  - Cancer in parents of children with leukemia.

PMID- 690792
TI  - Diagnosis of SSPE.

PMID- 690793
TI  - Methods for the thoracostomy neonates.

PMID- 690794
TI  - Chemotherapy for childhood brain tumors.

PMID- 690795
TI  - The importance of amnioscopy in the supervision of the pregnant woman at risk:
      retrospective analysis of 4277 cases.

PMID- 690796
TI  - Early decelerations of the fetal heart rate from occlusion of the umbilical cord.

PMID- 690797
TI  - Fetal heart rate patterns during forceps operation.

PMID- 690798
TI  - Umbilical cord complications as a cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality.

PMID- 690799
TI  - Rorschach indices of disordered thinking in patient and nonpatient adolescents
      and adults.

PMID- 690800
TI  - The Nuremberg mind revisited: a quantitative approach to Nazi Rorschachs.

PMID- 690801
TI  - MMPI criteria for diagnosing schizophrenia.
AB  - An attempt was made to find a combination of MMPI scale relationships which were
      highly discriminating of schizophrenia. Through the use of a standardized
      structured interview and a diagnostic system for schizophrenia based on the use
      of discriminant function analysis with nonpathognomonic symptom combinations, a
      reliable and valid system was used to establish the criterion diagnosis.
      Approximately 72% of patients reliably diagnosed as schizophrenics were detected
      on the MMPI via a set of standard criteria (T score on Sc greater than or equal
      to 80 less than or equal to 100; total raw score on Sc consisted of no more than
      35% K items; T score on F greater than or equal to 75 less than or equal to 95; T
      score on Pt less than or equal to Sc). Only 5.5% of nonschizophrenics obtained
      all these standard criteria on the MMPI. The assets and liabilities of these MMPI
      criteria to diagnose schizophrenia are discussed.

PMID- 690802
TI  - Overinclusion and transactional thinking on the Object Sorting Test of
      schizophrenic and nonschizophrenic patients.
AB  - Two aspects of "disordered thinking", overinclusion and transactional thinking
      were studied on the Object Sorting Test responses of 20 young schizophrenic
      patients and 20 comparable nonschizophrenic patients. Patients' parents were also
      studied for comparison. In addition, idiosyncratic responses from WAIS
      Comprehension items were assessed for comparison of another measure on another
      test. Transactional thinking and idiosyncratic responses were greater in
      schizophrenic patients. Conceptual overinclusion and bizarre responses also
      tended to be more frequent in schizophrenics, but behavioral overinclusion showed
      no differences. Conceptual overinclusion was consistently correlated with
      transactional thinking and idiosyncratic responses, while behavioral
      overinclusion showed an inconsistent pattern. The differences were attributed to
      the differences in the specificity of measures of disordered thinking.

PMID- 690803
TI  - Some personality patterns and dimensions of male alcoholics: a multivariate
      description.
AB  - The assumption that alcoholics form a homogeneous population has been found to be
      questionable. Recent research has been done to empirically define possible
      personality subtypes of alcoholics. This study extended the typological work done
      previously by Goldstein and Linden (1969a) and Whitelock, Overall, and Patrick
      (1971). They each found four alcoholic subtypes, three of which replicated across
      studies. For this research, MMPI profiles of 208 male alcoholics were submitted
      to a hierarchical clustering procedure. Seven subtypes were found. These results
      were compared to the results of the prior two studies, in addition to actuarial
      MMPI types previously delineated in clinical settings. Using a hierarchical
      factor analysis, these data were analyzed to determine the higher order
      interrelationships among MMPI scales for this alcoholic sample. These results
      were discussed, especially in terms of the implications for treatment and further
      research in alcoholism.

PMID- 690804
TI  - Similar Rorschach patterning in three cases of anorexia nervosa.
AB  - The Rorschachs of three cases of ambulatory anorexia nervosa patients showed
      striking quantitative and qualitative similarities. Analysis of the patterning
      prompted a diagnosis of conversion hysteria with repressed orality as the
      suspected dynamism. It was suggested that the Rorschach might prove useful for
      diagnosing this hysteroid subgroup of patients for the purpose of differential
      treatment.

PMID- 690805
TI  - Social modeling influences on sensory decision theory and psychophysiological
      indexes of pain.
AB  - Subjects exposed to social models dissimulating tolerance or intolerance
      generally exhibit matching behavior in their verbal ratings of painful
      stimulation. It has been unclear, however, whether these changes reflect
      voluntary alteration of evidence or genuine changes in distress. This study used
      alternative measures and controlled for methodological limitations of earlier
      studies by examining nonpalmar skin potential in addition to palmar skin
      conductance and heart rate indexes of psychophysiological response to electric
      shock, and by evaluating verbal expressions of pain with sensory decision theory
      methodology. Of 20 female volunteer subjects, half served as controls, and half
      were exposed to a tolerant female model. Both the subject and the model
      verbalized ratings of discomfort provoked by a series of electric shocks of
      increasing intensity. Subjects then underwent a series of preselected random
      shocks. Sensory decision theory analyses revealed lower discriminability of the
      shocks among subjects exposed to a tolerant model. Several indexes of nonpalmar
      skin potential and heart rate reactivity exhibited lower reactivity in the
      tolerant group. Tolerant modeling was also associated with decreases in
      subjective stress. The results were consistent with the position that changes in
      pain indexes associated with exposure to a tolerant model represented variations
      in fundamental characteristics of painful experiences as opposed to suppression
      of information.

PMID- 690807
TI  - [Thermodynamic study of liquid crystal substance by gas liquid chromatography. I.
      Effect of liquid crystal content in stationary phase (author's transl)].

PMID- 690806
TI  - Lottery winners and accident victims: is happiness relative?
AB  - Adaptation level theory suggests that both contrast and habituation will operate
      to prevent the winning of a fortune from elevating happiness as much as might be
      expected. Contrast with the peak experience of winning should lessen the impact
      of ordinary pleasures, while habituation should eventually reduce the value of
      new pleasures made possible by winning. Study 1 compared a sample of 22 major
      lottery winners with 22 controls and also with a group of 29 paralyzed accident
      victims who had been interviewed previously. As predicted, lottery winners were
      not happier than controls and took significantly less pleasure from a series of
      mundane events. Study 2 indicated that these effects were not due to preexisting
      differences between people who buy or do not buy lottery tickets or between
      interviews that made or did not make the lottery salient. Paraplegics also
      demonstrated a contrast effect, not by enhancing minor pleasures but by
      idealizing their past, which did not help their present happiness.

PMID- 690808
TI  - [Studies on impact strength of tablets. II. Impact collision strength of tablets
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 690809
TI  - [Studies on impact strength of tablets. III. Impact load strength of tablets
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 690810
TI  - [Complex formation of nucleosides with HgCl2 and CdCl2 (author's transl)].

PMID- 690811
TI  - [Studies on metabolism of prazepam. I. Metabolic fate of prazepam in rats
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 690812
TI  - [Activity measurement of chloride ion in aqueous solutions of phenothiazine
      hydrochlorides (author's transl)].

PMID- 690813
TI  - [Separation, isolation and some properties of leukocytosis promoting factor from
      the serum of parotin treated rabbits (author's transl)].

PMID- 690814
TI  - [High-speed liquid chromatography of isoprenoidquinones. II. Determination and
      photo-stability of phylloquinone, menaquinone-4 in injection (author's transl)].

PMID- 690815
TI  - [The effect of sodium chondroitin sulfate and/or simple salt on the dispersity of
      kaolinite in concentrated suspension (author's transl)].

PMID- 690816
TI  - [Studies in Asiasarum (Aristolochiaceae). I. Three new compounds in Asiasarum
      heteropoides (author's transl)].

PMID- 690817
TI  - [Studies on the syntheses of heterocyclic compounds. DCCLII. Cyclization reaction
      of amido-alcohols (author's transl)].

PMID- 690818
TI  - Look what they say about us!

PMID- 690819
TI  - 1978 Drug Regulation Reform Act.

PMID- 690820
TI  - Dequaternization of curare bases with sodium thiophenoxide and ethanolamine.
AB  - To prepare (+)-tubocurine and O,O-dimethyl-(+)-tubocurine, the commonly used
      dequaternization procedures with sodium theophenoxide and ethanolamine were
      investigated. The quaternary compounds were (+)-tubocurarine chloride and the
      chloride and iodide salts of O,O-dimethyl-(+)-chondocurarine. The results
      obtained with ethanolamine indicate that Hofmann elimination is a major pathway
      and that N-demethylation is minor. The elimination products of O,O-dimethyl-(+)
      chondocurarine iodide with ethanolamine were identified as O,O
      dimethyltubocurinemethine, O,O-dimethyltubocurineisomethine, and O,O
      dimethyltubocurinedimethine. N-Demethylation was the primary reaction with sodium
      thiophenoxide. Thus, dequaternization of (+)-tubocurarine chloride with sodium
      thiophenoxide provided (+)-tubocurine which, on diazomethylation, yielded O,O
      dimethyl-(+)-tubocurine, identical to the compound obtained by N-demethylation of
      O,O-dimethyl-(+)-chondocurarine chloride with the same reagent.

PMID- 690821
TI  - Stereospecificity of esterases hydrolyzing oxazepam acetate.
AB  - Esterases hydrolyzing the racemic acetate ester of the centrally acting drug
      oxazepam in mice were examined. Radiolabeled ester administered intravenously was
      hydrolyzed rapidly in the liver, kidneys, and brain. The distribution of the
      enzyme activity of liver and brain subcellular fractions was measured. Kinetic
      data and structure investigation of partially hydrolyzed racemic ester pointed to
      the stereoselectivity of liver and brain esterases. The preferred hydrolysis of
      the (R)-(-)-isomer in liver homogenates was attributed mainly to microsomal
      enzymes, while that of the (S)-(+)-isomer in brain was considered to be due to
      the mitochondrial fraction. This phenomenon was a common property of all species
      tested.

PMID- 690822
TI  - Effects of short and medium chain fatty acids on absorption of lipophilic drugs
      from perfused rat intestine.
AB  - The absorption rates of griseofulvin and prednisolone were measured from
      solutions that were recirculated through a segment of in situ rat jejunum. When
      premicellar concentrations of butyric, octanoic, or dodecanoic acid were present
      in the perfusate, the griseofulvin absorption rate decreased while that of
      prednisolone increased. The fatty acids also increased the absorption rate of
      water from the perfusate, and the effect of butyric acid was attributed primarily
      to this increase. The absorption-altering effects of octanoic and dodecanoic
      acids could not be attributed solely to their effects on water absorption nor to
      their effects on the surface tension of the perfusate. The effects of octanoic
      and dodecanoic acids were explained by postulating different rate-limiting
      barriers to the absorption of prednisolone and griseofulvin.

PMID- 690823
TI  - Synthesis and preliminary anti-inflammatory evaluation of 17beta-amino-3beta
      methoxy-5-androstene hydrochloride and related derivatives.
AB  - To study the anti-inflammatory properties of 17beta-amino-steroids, some 17beta
      aminoandrostene hydrochlorides based on the 3beta-methoxy-5-androstene nucleus
      were prepared. The syntheses were accomplished via a two-stage amination of 3beta
      methoxy-5-androsten-17-one, involving reduction of an intermediate 17-imine or,
      for the synthesis of 17beta-amino-3beta-methoxy-5-androstene, the 17-oxime. The
      compounds were examined for anti-inflammatory activity in the rat cotton pellet
      model of inflammation. All tested aminosteroids displayed significant activity.
      Two compounds also were screened in an adjuvant-induced arthritis model of
      inflammation and displayed activity.

PMID- 690824
TI  - Antitumor agents XXVIII: Structural elucidation of the novel antitumor
      sesquiterpene lactone, microlenin, from Helenium microcephalum.

PMID- 690825
TI  - Antitumor agents XXIX: Effects of eupahyssopin on nucleic acid, protein,
      anaerobic, and aerobic metabolism of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells.

PMID- 690826
TI  - Antitumor agents XXX: Evaluation of alpha-methylene-gamma-lactone-containing
      agents for inhibition of tumor growth, respiration, and nucleic acid synthesis.
AB  - Evidence is presented that a number of sesquiterpene lactones isolated from
      plants and synthesized pyrimidines containing the alpha-methylene-gamma-lactone
      moiety are potent inhibitors of Walker 256 carcinosarcoma and Ehrlich ascites
      tumor growth and marginal inhibitors of P-388 lymphocytic leukemia and Lewis lung
      tumor growth. In vitro aerobic basal respiration and oxidative phosphorylation
      processes of Ehrlich ascites cells were inhibited by these agents as well as
      deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase and thymidylate synthetase enzymatic activities.
      These studies indicate that the alpha-methylene-gamma-lactone moiety, the beta
      unsubstituted cyclopentenone ring, and the alpha-epoxycyclopentanone system are
      the essential moieties for inhibition of these biochemical parameters.

PMID- 690827
TI  - Lyophilization of sincalide and correlation of headspace relative humidity with
      product stability.
AB  - An optimum freeze-drying cycle was developed for use with industrial equipment in
      the processing in vials of a product degraded by traces of moisture. The relative
      humidity of the headspace gas of the vials, which contained only 5 microgram of
      active ingredient, was monitored by a GC method and was then correlated with
      product stability.

PMID- 690828
TI  - GLC--mass spectrometry of several important anticancer drugs I:
      pertrimethylsilylation and O-methoxime formation.
AB  - Procedures are reported for the formation of pertrimethylsilyl and
      pertrimethylsilyl methoxime derivatives of the aglycones of doxorubicin,
      daunorubicin, carminomycin, chromomycin A3, and mithramycin. The mass spectra are
      consistent with the formation of these derivatives. Fragmentation patterns highly
      specific for these derivatives are proposed, and the potential application for
      the identification of metabolites of these compounds is discussed.

PMID- 690829
TI  - Applications of paired ion high-pressure liquid chromatography to catecholamines
      and phenylephrine.
AB  - Paired ion high-pressure liquid chromatography was useful for separating intact
      catecholamines (epinephrine, isoproterenol, levodopa, and methyldopa) and
      phenylephrine from some of their decomposition products. Furthermore, methyldopa
      was separated from either hydrochlorothiazide of levodopa. Under identical
      conditions without 1-heptanesulfonic acid (a counterion for paired ion
      chromatography) in the mobile phase, these separations were not possible. Paired
      ion chromatography also was tried successfully for the quantitative
      determinations of isoproterenol, levodopa, methyldopa, and phenylephrine in some
      dosage forms. The results were compared with the results obtained using some
      literature methods.

PMID- 690830
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic assay of sulfapyridine and
      acetylsulfapyridine in biological fluids.
AB  - A high-pressure liquid chromatographic method for the sensitive, rapid, and
      specific determination of sulfapyridine and its N-acetyl derivative in plasma and
      saliva was developed. A cyano-bonded, reversed-phase, high efficiency column was
      used. The system detected these sulfonamides in serum to 0.25 mg/liter and within
      only 6 min. Sulfapyridine was separated from its acetyl derivative with little
      interference from other drugs. The assay reproducibility was within 3%. The assay
      was highly useful for routine monitoring of patients receiving sulfasalazine for
      inflammatory bowel disease.

PMID- 690831
TI  - High-pressure liquid chromatographic assays for clindamycin, clindamycin
      phosphate, and clindamycin palmitate.
AB  - High-pressure liquid chromatographic procedures are described for clindamycin,
      clindamycin palmitate, and clindamycin phosphate as bulk drugs and in
      formulations. All three procedures utilize a C18 reversed-phase chromatographic
      column with refractive index detection. The mobile phases are hydroalcoholic
      solutions containing dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate or disodium
      ethylenediaminetetraacetate. Separations of related impurities or degradation
      products also are discussed. The relative standard deviations of the methods
      range from 0.8 to 1.8%.

PMID- 690832
TI  - Preservation of solubilized and emulsified systems II: Theoretical development of
      capacity and its role in antimicrobial activity of chlorocresol in cetomacrogol
      stabilized systems.
AB  - The preservation of solublized and emulsified disperse systems against microbial
      spoilage depends on the free (unbound) preservative concentration in the aqueous
      phase and the capacity of the system. The capacity may be defined as the system's
      ability to resist losses in free preservative concentration. The theory of
      capacity is developed quantitatively for solubilized and emulsified systems
      containing the preservative chlorocresol stabilized by the nonionic surfactant
      cetomacrogol. Equations are derived for solubilized systems that relate capacity
      to surfactant concentration and the interaction between the surfactant and the
      preservative. Additional terms are included in the equations to account for the
      effects of the oil phase on the capacity of oil-in-water emulsions.

PMID- 690833
TI  - Effect of surfactants on percutaneous absorption of naproxen I: comparisons of
      rabbit, rat, and human excised skin.
AB  - The in vitro skin penetration model using excised skin from rats, rabbits, and
      humans was examined to evaluate the relative effect of surfactants on
      percutaneous absorption of naproxen. Differences in the magnitude of the effect
      of surfactants in promoting percutaneous absorption of naproxen through skins of
      different species were observed. For comparative evaluations of the formulation
      effects on percutaneous absorption, such as the effect of surfactants, in vitro
      studies with animal skin may not provide information in agreement with in vitro
      human skin.

PMID- 690834
TI  - Inlfuence of high-viscosity vehicles on miotic effect of pilocarpine.
AB  - Gel formulations containing 2% pilocarpine hydrochloride were prepared from
      ethylene maleic anhydride, carbomer, hydroxyethylcellulose, polyacrylamide,
      ethylhydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, and poly(methylvinyl ether-
      maleic anhydride). The viscosity characteristics of each formulation were
      evaluated from rheograms developed at 37 degrees using a cone and plate
      viscometer. Single-point viscosities were determined at room temperature using a
      single-point rotational viscometer. Plastic viscosity parameters correlated to
      miosis durations in the rabbit following ophthalmic dosing of 50 microliters.
      Carbomer formulations varying in concentration between 0.9 and 5.0% (w/w) showed
      a discontinuous relationship when either yield value or plastic viscosity was
      plotted against miosis durations. At carbomer concentrations above 3%, miosis
      durations increased 1.5-fold. Above and below this range, plastic parameters did
      not correlate to miosis duration. It was reasoned that the increased duration was
      a consequence of the gel's increased yield value such that appreciable in vivo
      thinning of the gel does not take place with eyelid and/or eyeball movements. As
      a result, the residence time of the drug in the eye would be expected to
      increase, thus promoting an increased duration.

PMID- 690835
TI  - Comparative bioavailability of a lipophilic steroid.
AB  - 17beta-Acetoxy-2alpha-chloro-3-(p-nitrophenoxy)imino-5alpha-androstane (I) is a
      lipophilic steroid with postimplantive antifertility activity in laboratory
      animals. The bioavailability of micronized I from solutions and suspensions was
      compared in four groups of adult female Wistar rats. Each group received varying
      concentrations of micronized 3H-I (specific activity of 0.38--8.94 muCi/mg) in
      sesame oil by oral gavage. Samples of whole blood and urine collected following
      drug administration were assayed for radioactive content. Calculation of the mean
      area under the blood radioactivity versus time curve, when corrected for the
      quantity of drug administered, indicated that a substantially larger fraction of
      the dose was absorbed in the two instances where I was present only in solution.
      A linear relationship between the amount of I absorbed based on whole blood
      radioactivity and urinary excretion and the administered dose was found primarily
      for groups receiving the drug in solution. Preliminary results in humans indicate
      that 3H-I was absorbed to a much greater extent following oral administration of
      the drug in sesame oil than when admixed with lactose.

PMID- 690836
TI  - Relative bioavailability of meprobamate tablets in humans.
AB  - The relative bioavailability of 400-mg meprobamate tablets manufactured by 11
      different firms was evaluated in two groups of healthy male subjects. Each group
      of six subjects received a reference standard product and five test products
      given at 1-week intervals. Plasma meprobamate concentrations at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8,
      10, 24, and 32 hr after dosing were determined using a GLC assay. Analysis of
      variance of the plasma level--time profiles revealed no statistically significant
      differences between any of the products in terms of plasma levels at the various
      sample times, time of peak plasma level, peak plasma level, and area under the
      plasma level--time curve. It was concluded that the 11 400-mg products could be
      considered bioequivalent.

PMID- 690837
TI  - New drug metabolism inhibitor of marine origin.
AB  - Dactylyne, an acetylenic dibromochloro ether, was isolated from the sea hare
      Aplysia dactylomela and characterized pharmacologically. It had no direct effect
      on the cardiovascular, respiratory, and central nervous systems of mice, rats,
      and guinea pigs. However, a 25-mg/kg ip dose of dactylyne prolonged pentobarbital
      sleep time in mice by more than 10 hr. This potentiation was subsequently
      determined to be due to the inhibition of pentobarbital metabolism by dactylyne
      since the elimination half-life of pentobarbital in the dactylyne-treated mice
      increased several folds. Dactylyne was nontoxic up to 200 mg/kg iv. The unique
      structure, high potency, and relatively nontoxic nature of dactylyne make it an
      interesting pharmacological substance of marine origin.

PMID- 690838
TI  - Effect of amitriptyline on polarography of chlordiazepoxide.
AB  - With increasing amounts of electroinactive amitriptyline, each of the three
      chlordiazepoxide reduction waves shifted to more cathodic half-wave potentials
      and decreased in limiting current. The shift was most pronounced up the 1:1 mole
      ratio but continued up to ratios of 200:1. This behavior was observed in several
      supporting electrolytes and was not due to change in pH since this factor was
      maintained constant as the amitriptyline concentration was increased. Shifts in
      E1/2 and reductions in limiting current may arise in several ways, such as
      complex formation between the two drugs or adsorption of the amitriptyline onto
      the surface of the dropping mercury electrode hindering chlordiazepoxide
      reduction. Most data point to adsorption as the cause.

PMID- 690839
TI  - USP dissolution IV: comparison of methods.
AB  - The hydrodynamics of four dissolution apparatus--viz., the USP basket, the USP
      paddle, the stationary basket-spinning filter, and the USP disintegration
      apparatus, were characterized. At higher velocities, the relationship between the
      intrinsic dissolution rate constant and linear velocity was parabolic rather than
      linear.

PMID- 690840
TI  - Quantitative TLC determination of propranolol in human plasma.
AB  - A spectrodensitometric assay was developed for propranolol based on measurement
      of the absorbance of the drug on silica gel plates irradiated at 822 nm.
      Quantities as low as 0.10 microgram can be detected, and a linear relationship
      was obtained between 0.010 and 0.400 microgram. The percent recovery from plasma
      spiked with known amounts of the drug was 90.0--102.0. This procedure was used to
      determine propranolol in the  plasma of patients receiving therapeutic doses of
      the drug.

PMID- 690841
TI  - Substituent constant for drug design studies based on properties of organic
      electron donor--acceptor complexes.
AB  - A new model chemical system based on organic electron donor--aceptor complexes is
      described. From values of equilibrium constants measured by an NMR technique, a
      predictable parameter for use in quantitative structure--activity relationship
      techiques is discussed.

PMID- 690842
TI  - High-performance liquid chromatographic and TLC determinations of
      desacetylvinblastine amide (vindesine) and its monosulfate salt.
AB  - High-performance liquid chromatographic and TLC methods were developed for the
      determination of desacetylvinblastine amide base (vindesine), a chemically
      modified Catharanthus alkaloid presently in clinical evaluation. Both methods
      permit the detection of 6,7-dihydrovindesine and vindesine Nb'-oxide, the
      principal by-product in the chemical conversion of vinblastine to vindesine. The
      methods are applicable to both the sulfate salts and the free bases of the
      chemical substances described.

PMID- 690843
TI  - Selective demethylation of polymethoxyxanthones with aqueous piperidine.
AB  - Data are presented for selective demethylation of eight polymethoxyxanthones with
      aqueous piperdine. Clarification and rationalization of the present and previous
      observations are made. The mechanism is defined in terms of both resonance
      effects and steric factors.

PMID- 690844
TI  - South American plants III: Isolation of fulvoplumierin from Himatanthus sucuuba
      (M. Arg.) Woodson (Apocynaceae).
AB  - The bark of Himatanthus sucuuba was screened for pharmacological and anticancer
      activities. The lactone, fulvoplumierin (C14H12O4), was isolated from the n
      hexane fraction. The identity was proven by elemental analysis and IR, mass
      spectral, and melting-point determinations. Reference samples were used for
      comparison.

PMID- 690845
TI  - Synthesis and antimicrobial properties of 3-substituted 1,2-benzisothiazole 1,1
      dioxides.
AB  - Twenty aromatic alcohols and thiols were derivatized by reaction with 3-chloro
      1,2-benzisothiazole 1,1-dioxide. The resulting 3-substituted 1,2-benzisothiazole
      1,1-dioxides were tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhosa, and
      Aspergillus niger, and their activities were compared with the activities of the
      precursors.

PMID- 690846
TI  - Constituents of Spartina cynosuroides: isolation and 13C-NMR analysis of tricin.
AB  - Tricin was isoalted from the aerial parts of the marsh plant Spartina
      cynosuroides, which yielded a fraction enriched in antiluekemic activity. The 13C
      NMR spectrum of tricin is discussed.

PMID- 690847
TI  - Sex differences in plasma half-life of dextrorphan in rats administered
      dextromethorphan.
AB  - Male and female rats exhibited striking differences in their ability to
      metabolize dextromethorphan. Upon oral administration of this drug, the plasma
      half-life of dextrorphan, a major biotransformation product formed by O
      demethylation, was 40 min in the female rat and 18.5 min in the male.

PMID- 690848
TI  - Comparison of in vitro dissolution and in vivo bioavailability of methaqualone
      tablets in humans.
AB  - Two methaqualone tablets that exhibited different in vitro dissolution rates were
      administered to 11 normal healthy male volunteers. Serial blood samples were
      withdrawn following administration of each tablet, and plasma methaqualone
      concentrations were determined by an established spectrophotofluormetric assay.
      Both tablets produced virtually identical plasma concentration versus time
      profiles in humans, and no statistically significant differences in either the
      rate or extent of drug absorbed were detected. The results indicate that there is
      no correlation between in vivo bioavailability and the modified NF in vitro
      dissolution test used.

PMID- 690849
TI  - Binding of drugs to ion-exchange resins in simulated gastric fluid.
AB  - The binding of 13 frequently abused drugs to two ion-exchange resins was studied
      in simulated gastric fluid. The results were compared with those previously
      obtained with activated charcoal as the adsorbent. The ion-exchange resins
      adsorbed the drugs more slowly than activated charcoal, and the binding
      capacities of the resins were inferior. These ion-exchange resins are unlikely to
      be very useful in removing drugs from the stomach.

PMID- 690850
TI  - Rapid determination of gold in whole blood of arthritis patients using flameless
      atomic absorption spectrophotometry.
AB  - An assay for gold in whole blood of arthritis patients was developed using the
      graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer. This method involves no
      pretreatment of the whole blood except for simple dilution, thereby eliminating
      some variables and saving laboratory time and expense.

PMID- 690851
TI  - Selenium heterocycles XXII: Synthesis and antibacterial antifungal activities of
      arylsulfonyl-1,2,3-selenadiazoles.
AB  - Series of 4-arylsulfonylmethyl-1,2,3-selenadiazoles, 4-(1-arylsulfonylethyl)
      1,2,3-selenadiazoles, and 4-alkyl (or aryl)-5-arylsulfonyl-1,2,3-selenadiazoles
      were synthesized. 4-(3-Pyridyl)-5-phenylsulfonyl-1,2,3-selenadiazole exhibited
      the highest activity of growth inhibition against some bacteria and fungi.

PMID- 690852
TI  - Effect of dissolved oxygen levels on oxidative degradation of pyrogallol.
AB  - Pyrogallol decomposition in aqueous systems with various dissolved oxygen levels
      was studied. The reduced dissolved oxygen levels were produced by deaeration via
      gas permeation. Dissolved oxygen levels were determined using a dropping mercury
      electrode polarograph. Degradation rates, T90, and relative protection indexes
      are discussed. Even at dissolved oxygen levels of less than 0.05 ppm, some
      decomposition of pyrogallol occurred, indicating nonoxidative pathways or the
      necessity of total removal of dissolved oxygen to afford complete protection.
      Apparently, reducing the level of dissolved oxygen is a viable alternative to
      stabilization of aqueous pyrogallol solutions, since the T90 was increased from
      1.9 days in water with dissolved oxygen levels of 9.05 ppm to 114.4 days in water
      with dissolved oxygen levels of less than 0.05 ppm.

PMID- 690853
TI  - New compounds: antitumor activity of 3beta-hydroxy-13alpha-amino-13,17-seco
      5alpha-androstan-17-oic-13,17-lactam 4-[p-[bis(2
      chloroethyl)amino]phenyl]butyrate.
AB  - 3beta-Hydroxy-13alpha-amino-13,17-seco-5alpha-androstan-17-oic-13,17-lactam 4
      [p[bis(2chloroethyl)amino]phenyl]butyrate was prepared by reacting 4-[p-[bis(2
      chloroethyl)amino]phenyl]butyryl chloride hydrochloride with 3beta-hydroxy
      13alpha-amino-13,17-seco-5alpha-androstan-17-oic-13,17-lactam. They cytostatic
      action of the ester was investigated on two tumor systems (B16 melanoma on C57 b1
      mice and T8-Guerin on rats).

PMID- 690854
TI  - Scatchard plot analysis of ligand--erythrocyte interactions.

PMID- 690856
TI  - Substance P-induced excitation of spinal cord neurones [proceedings].

PMID- 690858
TI  - Action potentials in rat and lizard pars intermedia cells: inhibition by dopamine
      and stimulation by 5-hydroxytryptamine, two suspected regulators of MSH secretion
      [proceedings].

PMID- 690855
TI  - Action of GABA on mammalian peripheral nerves [proceedings].

PMID- 690859
TI  - Increased in vivo [1-3H]taurine efflux from cerebellar cortex evoked by direct
      electrical stimulation [proceedings].

PMID- 690857
TI  - Volume changes in cells of the outer medulla during perfusion of the rat kidney.
AB  - 1. A method is described for the perfusion of the rat kidney with a medium
      resembling rat plasma in its ionic constituents but with 3% polyvinylpyrrolidone
      (mol.wt. 44,000) replacing the plasma proteins. 2. In the early stages of
      perfusion, there was rapid swelling of the tubular cells in the outer medulla, a
      low glomerular filtration rate and a low filtration fraction. 3. After 30 min
      perfusion, the tubular cell volume in the outer medulla was normal and filtration
      had increased and stabilised. 4. Cell swelling and the low initial filtration
      fraction were prevented by (a) adding 50 mM-mannitol to the basic medium, (b)
      replacing 50 mM-NaCl with 50 mM-choline chloride, or (c) adding 5% human serum to
      the basic medium. 5. The addition of human serum to the perfusion medium
      depressed the fractional reabsorption of sodium and potassium; sodium from 0.94
      +/- 0.01 (S.E. of mean) with the basic medium to 0.79 +/- 0.02 with basic medium
      +5% serum after 35 min perfusion; and potassium from 0.73 +/- 0.04 with the basic
      medium to 0.37 +/- 0.05 with the basic medium +5% serum after 35 min perfusion.
      6. Two conclusions are drawn from the observations: first, that at the start of
      perfusion the effective internal osmolality of tubular cells of the outer medulla
      is greater than that of cortical cells and of the basic medium; and second, that
      the presence of small amounts of plasma proteins in the perfusion medium has a
      marked effect on the properties of plasma cell membranes.

PMID- 690861
TI  - Non-specific actions of opioids in the rat hippocampus [proceedings].

PMID- 690860
TI  - Autoregulation of plasma flow in the isolated perfused rat kidney.
AB  - 1. Autoregulation of renal plasma flow, by which flow remains constant despite
      changes in perfusion pressure, was studied in the isolated, perfused kidney of
      the rat. 2. Autoregulation did not occur in preparations perfused with a protein
      free medium consisting of a balanced ionic solution resembling rat plasma in
      which 3% polyvinylpyrrolidone replaced the plasma proteins, changes in perfusion
      pressure over the normal autoregulatory range 100-150 mmHg produced a
      corresponding and linear change in venous outflow and no consistent change in
      renal vascular resistance. 3. Addition of human serum (5%, v/v) to the medium
      restored autoregulation; changes in perfusion pressure in the range 100-150 mmHg
      resulted in a stable plasma flow and a linear change in renal vascular
      resistance. The addition of bovine serum albumin (3 g/1.) to the protein-free
      medium restored autoregulation to a similar degree. 4. In kidneys perfused with
      the protein-free medium, the sensitivity of the renal vasculature to the
      vasoconstrictor drugs epinephrine and angiotensin II was only 1/40 the level seen
      in those kidneys perfused with media containing serum or albumin. 5. The
      experiments show that in the isolated, perfused kidney, autoregulation of plasma
      flow is not dependent on the presence of the globulin, angiotensinogen, in the
      perfusion medium; and suggest that failure of autoregulation in kidneys perfused
      with a protein-free medium could be attributed to the rapid decline in the
      sensitivity of the vascular smooth muscle to constrictor stimuli.

PMID- 690862
TI  - The action of adrenaline on pace-maker activity in cardiac Purkinje fibres.
AB  - 1. Adrenaline is known to shift the activation curve for iK2 (s infinite curve)
      in a positive direction on the voltage axis. This should cause an increase in the
      slope of diastolic depolarization, but cannot account for the experimentally
      observed increase in the maximum diastolic potential (MDP). 2. On application of
      adrenaline, in voltage clamp studies on short sheep cardiac Purkinje fibres there
      is a consistent 5-15 mV negative shift of the reversal potential for the pace
      maker current, iK2. This shift is not reversed on application of the beta
      blockers sotalol or propranolol, or on washout for up to one hour. 3. A computer
      simulation, including this effect of adrenaline, shows that it can shift the
      maximum diastolic potential in the hyperpolarizing or depolarizing direction
      depending on the initial value of [K+]o. In both cases it will add to the
      increase in rate caused by the positive shift of the activation curve for iK2
      (the s infinite shift). 4. Studies of the effects of adrenaline on the MDP and
      rate in long sheep Purkinje fibres show a slower reversibility of the MDP than
      the rate, consistent with a slower reversal of the shift in the iK2 reversal
      potential than the shift in s infinite. 5. Possible mechanisms of the shift in
      reversal potential are discussed with respect to K+ balance in the intercellular
      clefts of the Purkinje fibre, including a a stimulation of the Na+- K+ pump. The
      possible sources of voltage clamp artifact are also discussed.

PMID- 690863
TI  - Two cholecystokinin-like octapeptides from brain: isolation, structure,
      immunochemical characterization and biological activity [proceedings].

PMID- 690864
TI  - The action of ganglion-blocking drugs studied by voltage clamp [proceedings].

PMID- 690865
TI  - Central cardiovascular effects of enkephalins and C-fragment of lipotropin
      [proceedings].

PMID- 690866
TI  - Isolation of the 'non-adrenergic' motor nerve response in rat vas deferens by
      elimination of the adrenergic motor component [proceedings].

PMID- 690867
TI  - Neonatal whole-body thermography [proceedings].

PMID- 690868
TI  - Ammonia mediated block of chloride pumping in cat motoneurones [proceedings].

PMID- 690869
TI  - Phosphate efflux and oxygen consumption during electrical activity in garfish
      olfactory nerve fibres [proceedings].

PMID- 690870
TI  - The importance of short interpulse intervals in determining vasopressin release
      from the isolated neurohypophysis [proceedings].

PMID- 690871
TI  - Shortening effect of tetrodotoxin on action potentials of the conducting system
      in the dog heart [proceedings].

PMID- 690872
TI  - On the transmission of the stimulating effects of carbon dioxide to the muscles
      of respiration.
AB  - 1. Electromyography was used to measure the response of the diaphragm and
      intercostal muscles to CO2 in artificially ventilated decerebrate cats. 2.
      Hypocapnia produced tonic activity in either inspiratory or expiratory muscles or
      both, according to the preparation. 3. A graded effect of CO2 on both rhythmic
      and tonic activity was observed and for the latter this could be seen at as low
      as 10 torr PA,CO2. 4. In one human subject tonic firing of expiratory
      motoneurones was also induced by hypocapnia and this activity showed a graded
      increase with increasing (CO2. 5. A saggital incision of the medulla aimed at
      interrupting inspiratory bulbospinal axons abolished activity in inspiratory
      muscles and at eupnoeic levels of CO2 converted the activity of expiratory
      muscles from a periodic to a topic firing pattern. 6. Following such lesions the
      threshold for rhythmic excitation of expiratory muscles was elevated and this
      revealed that the graded effect of CO2 on tonic expiratory activity extends to as
      high as 60 torr. 7. The tonic activation of respiratory muscles in response to
      CO2 ceased after cervical cord transection or when the saggital incision in the
      medulla was extended caudally to the first cervical segment. 8. It is concluded
      that the CO2 dependent activation of spinal respiratory motoneurones is conveyed
      by bulbospinal axons which decussate in the vicinity of the obex and that this
      activation can be rhythmic or tonic. 9. It is suggested that the rhythmic
      excitation of expiratory muscles derives from a periodic inhibition of expiratory
      bulbospinal neurones which are subjected to a tonic CO2 dependent excitation
      which is continuously variable over the physiological range.

PMID- 690873
TI  - Certain pharmacological characteristics of the release of pancreatic glucagon in
      response to stimulation of the splanchnic nerves.
AB  - 1. The effect of alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor blockade on the release of
      pancreatic glucagon, in response to stimulation of the peripheral ends of the
      splanchnic nerves has been examined in adrenalectomized calves 3-5 weeks after
      birth. In addition, the effects of insulin, atropine and somatostatin on the
      glucagon response to splanchnic nerve stimulation have been assessed in
      adrenalectomized dogs. 2. In calves release of pancreatic glucagon in response to
      splanchnic nerve stimulation was not suppressed by phentolamine at a dose that
      effectively abolished alpha-adrenergic inhibition of insulin release, or by
      propranolol, at a dose that completely eliminated the chronotropic action of the
      cardiac sympathetic innervation. 3. In dogs release of pancreatic glucagon in
      response to splanchnic nerve stimulation was not suppressed by atropine (0.2
      mg/kg) or somatostatin, at a dose that caused a steady fall in the concentration
      of gastrin in the circulating plasma (0.5 microgram-kg-1 min-1). Glucagon release
      was apparently potentiated by exogenous insulin (4.0 u./kg). 4. The results are
      discussed in relation to the findings of other workers and it is concluded that
      the precise mechanism whereby stimulation of the sympathetic innervation to the
      pancreas leads to secretion of glucagon merits more detailed investigation.

PMID- 690874
TI  - The effects of replacement of water with D2O on D-glucose transfer in human
      erythrocytes [proceedings].

PMID- 690875
TI  - Changes in free Ca during muscle contraction, measured with an intracellular Ca
      selective electrode [proceedings].

PMID- 690877
TI  - The electrical communication network in the pancreatic acinar tissue
      [proceedings].

PMID- 690876
TI  - The internodal axon membrane: electrical excitability and continuous conduction
      in segmental demyelination.
AB  - 1. Longitudinal action currents were recorded from single undissected myelinated
      nerve fibres in intact, perfused ventral roots of normal rats and ones treated
      with diphtheria toxin to produce demyelination. 2. Closely spaced recording
      electrodes (120 micron), signal averaging and the use of a calibrating current
      throught the root permitted membrane currents to be determined over 240 micron
      lengths of nerve. Contour plotting was used to plot membrane current density as a
      function of space and time. 3. The previous result of Rasminsky & Sears (1972) of
      delayed saltation in demyelinated nerve fibres was confirmed. 4. In addition a
      new phenomenon of continuous conduction was observed, along distances of up to 1
      1/2 times the afferent internodal distance. The continuous spatial distribution
      of inward current in these cases showed that electrical excitability was
      distributed along the internodes. 5. Internodal excitability was also revealed in
      demyelinated fibres by extra foci of inward current judged to be internodal on
      the basis of the spacing of the other (nodal) foci. 6. Continuous conduction
      occurred at velocities in the range of 1.1-2.3 m/sec or roughly 1/20th-1/40th of
      the velocities expected for normal stretches of the same fibres. 7. The
      continuous conduction was attributed to conduction along lengths of demyelinated
      axon. This was supported by estimates of 0.86 and 1.5 muF/cm2 for membrane
      capacity from the foot of a continuously conducted action potential. 8. The
      implications of internodal electrical excitability in demyelinated nerve fibres
      are discussed in relation to (a) recent estimates of the density of sodium
      channels in intact and homogenized normal nerves, (b) the pathophysiology of
      demyelinating disease.

PMID- 690878
TI  - Response of vascular smooth muscle to rapid load changes [proceedings].

PMID- 690879
TI  - Effects of ervatamine on the sodium current in squid giant axons [proceedings].

PMID- 690880
TI  - Trajectories of optic axons in whole brains demonstrated using cobalt chloride
      [proceedings].

PMID- 690881
TI  - Type A atrial receptors in the cat: effects of changes in atrial volume and
      contractility.
AB  - 1. Action potentials were recorded from filaments of the right cervical vagus in
      anaesthetized, paralysed cats. Right atrial receptors with type A (twelve units)
      and Intermediate type (two units) patterns of spontaneous discharge were selected
      and their responses to changes in atrial volume were analysed. 2. Changes in
      atrial volume of similar magnitude were produced under four different conditions:
      a, innervated hearts; b, denervated hearts; c, depression of atrial muscle
      contractility induced after cardiac denervation and d, non-beating hearts. 3. In
      innervated hearts the systolic discharge of each receptor showed a characteristic
      response to changes in atrial volume. Cardiac denervation and depression of
      atrial contractility markedly altered this response in terms of frequency of
      discharge threshold and 'sensitivity'. 4. During increments in atrial volume all
      the receptors but one assumed an Intermediate pattern of discharge. The diastolic
      firing rate was, however, higher for any given atrial pressure, in innervated
      hearts than under conditions b, c and d. 5. In innervated hearts the response of
      the receptors to atrial systole was characterized by a higher frequency of
      discharge and a lower threshold with respect to the responses of the same
      receptors to atrial filling. These differences were minimized at high atrial
      volumes and during depression of atrial contractility. 6. The results indicate
      that the responses of the receptors to atrial systole are mainly dependent upon
      the state of contraction of atrial muscle and that the differences between
      systolic and diastolic discharge are mainly due to the high dynamic component of
      the stretch during atrial contraction.

PMID- 690882
TI  - Ouabain-sensitive fluid accumulation and ion transport by rabbit blastocysts.
AB  - 1. By incubating 6-day post-coitum (p.c.) blastocysts in medium supplemented with
      either 20 mM-sucrose or 10 mM-KCl it was possible to show that the trophectoderm
      of the blastocyst prevents the concentration of K in the blastocoele fluid rising
      to external concentrations. 2. The concentrations of K in the blastocoele fluid
      are maintained predominantly by leakage of K from the trophoblast cells into the
      blastocoele and by ouabain-sensitive transport of K into the trophoblast cells
      from the blastocoele fluid. 3. Exposure of blastocysts to ouabain on the
      juxtacoelic, but not abcoelic, surface of the trophectoderm may inhibit
      blastocoele fluid accumulation.

PMID- 690883
TI  - Functional and structural correlations in the atrophic mucosa of self-emptying
      blind loops of rat small intestine [proceedings].

PMID- 690884
TI  - Amino acid pharmacology of mammalian central neurones grown in tissue culture.
AB  - 1. Spinal and cerebellar-brainstem areas of fetal mouse were dissociated and
      grown in tissue culture until large enough to permit stable intracellular
      recording. 2. The tissue-cultured neurones, growing as a monolayer and accessible
      under direct vision using phase contrast optics, allowed precise placement of
      intracellular recording and extracellular ionophoretic pipettes. 3. Ionophoresis
      of GABA and glutamate revealed a non-uniform distribution of responses over the
      cell surface, with a lack of spatial coincidence in sensitivity between the two.
      GABA inhibited and glutamate excited all cells tested. 4. GABA responses evoked
      at the cell body and on nearby process membrane were almost uniformly
      hyperpolarizing, while those at some peripheral process membrane were either
      hyperpolarizing, depolarizing or a combination of both events. All responses were
      associated with an increase in membrane slope conductance. 5. Membrane
      polarization showed that all hyperpolarizing events extrapolated to about the
      same inversion potential, which averaged about 9 mV more negative than resting
      potential (n = 95 cells). The depolarizing phases of responses evoked at
      peripheral membranes extrapolated to about 0 mV (n = 5 cells). 6. The
      hyperpolarization and increase in membrane conductance of GABA responses at the
      cell body were dependent on Cl- ions and the inversion potential of the response
      was dependent on the Cl- ion concentration gradient. The inversion potentials of
      GABA, glycine and beta-alanine responses were identical. 7. When matched in
      magnitude for evoked conductance increase, glycine responses decayed more rapidly
      than GABA. Glycine and beta-alanine voltage responses both decayed faster than
      GABA responses of comparable size. 8. In about half the cells tested sustained or
      rapidly repeated application of GABA and glycine transformed hyperpolarizing
      responses into depolarizations which were associated with a maintained
      conductance increase. Results from conditioning-test experiments with pairs of
      GABA and glycine responses suggest that the reversal of response polarity is due
      to a rapid redistribution of Cl- ions. 9. The limiting slope of log-log dose
      response curves for GABA-induced conductance averaged about 2, while those for
      glutamate-induced depolarizations averaged about 1. The results suggest that two
      molecules of GABA and one molecule of glutamate participate in the respective
      post-synaptic responses. 10. The observation indicate that mammalian C.N.S.
      tissue grown in culture is a suitable model to study C.N.S. membrane pharmacology
      with increasing precision.

PMID- 690885
TI  - Pentobarbitone pharmacology of mammalian central neurones grown in tissue
      culture.
AB  - 1. The effects of the barbiturate anaesthetic pentobarbitone on the membrane
      properties and amino acid pharmacology of mammalian C.N.S. neurones grown in
      tissue culture were studied using intracellular recording coupled with bath
      application, extracellular ionophoresis, or focal diffusion. 2. The addition of
      an anaesthetic concentration of pentobarbitone to the bathing medium abolished
      all spontaneous synaptic activity, but did not render individual cells
      electrically inexcitable nor prevent evoked synaptic acitivity. 3. Focal
      ionophoresis of pentobarbitone or diffusion from blunt micropipettes reversibly
      increased membrane conductance, effectively dampening excitability without
      directly affecting individual action potential characteristics. 4. Pentobarbitone
      induced membrane conductance was reversibly blocked by picrotoxin. The inversion
      potential of the pentobarbitone voltage response depended on Cl- ion gradients
      and was similar to that of GABA. 5. Pentobarbitone reversibly enhanced the
      conductance increase produced by GABA with a variable slowing of response
      kinetics, shifting GABA dose-response curves to the left. Responses to glycine
      and beta-alanine were not affected. 6. Higher ionophoretic currents of
      pentobarbitone, which measurably increased membrane conductance, attenuated and
      markedly slowed GABA responses. Similar effects on GABA responses were observed
      by superimposing GABA pulses on low level GABA currents. 7. Pentobarbitone, in
      the absence of an increase in membrane conductance, reversibly depressed
      depolarizing responses to glutamate without changing response kinetics. Slower
      responses to acetylcholine which were associated with an apparent decrease in
      membrane conductance were not affected by the drug. 8. Analysis of double
      reciprocal plot data suggested a non-competitive type of antagonism between
      pentobarbitone and glutamate. Pentobarbitone depression of glutamate was not
      affected by picrotoxin. 9. Both GABA and glutamate responses appeared to be
      equally sensitive to pentobarbitone. Specific interaction of the drug with amino
      acid receptor-coupled events is indicated by the requirement for pentobarbitone
      pipette placement close to the amino acid response site. 10. The results suggest
      that pentobarbitone depresses neuronal excitability by (1) directly activating
      post-synaptic GABA-receptor coupled Cl- conductance, (2) potentiating post
      synaptic GABA-induced conductance events, probably at the level of the GABA
      receptor, and (3) depressing post-synaptic glutamate-induced excitation, probably
      at the level of the conductance mechanism.

PMID- 690886
TI  - The role of the autonomic nervous system in the control of pancreatic endocrine
      responses to milk ingestion in the calf.
AB  - 1. Pancreatic endocrine responses to ingestion of milk have been investigated in
      conscious unweaned calves, 3-5 weeks after birth. Passage of gastric content from
      abomasum to small intestine was prevented by means of a cannula placed in the
      duodenum adjacent to the pylorus and food was witheld for at least 22 h in order
      to deplete liver glycogen. 2. Under these conditions ingestion of milk was
      followed by a prompt rise in the concentrations of pancreatic glucagon, PP and
      gastrin in the arterial plasma but the usual rises in plasma glucose and insulin
      concentration were absent. 3. Evidence was obtained to show that absorption of
      glucose from the small intestine occurs sufficiently rapidly to account for the
      initial rise in plasma glucose concentration after feeding in normal animals.
      However, the rise in plasma glucagon concentration was sufficient to contribute
      to alimentary hyperglycaemia by promoting hepatic glycogenolysis in calves with
      abundant liver glycogen. 4. None of the neuroendocrine responses to ingestion of
      milk was affected by prior section of the splanchnic nerves whereas each was
      blocked by atropine (0.2 mg/kg), showing that all depend upon muscarinic,
      parasympathetic rather than sympathetic activity, in the absence of extraneous
      stress.

PMID- 690887
TI  - Evidence for increased dopamine receptor sensitivity in post mortem brains from
      patients with schizophrenia [proceedings].

PMID- 690889
TI  - Persistent polyneuronal innervation in hyperinnervated skeletal muscle
      [proceedings].

PMID- 690888
TI  - Functional distinction between two transport mechanisms in rabbit gall-bladder
      epithelium by use of ouabain, ethacrynic acid and metabolic inhibitors.
AB  - 1. Net fluid transport rate, transepithelial p.d. and resistance, and
      unidirectional Na+-fluxes were measured in rabbit gall-bladder preparations
      exposed on both sides to bicarbonate-Ringer solution in vitro. 2. Both ouabain
      and ethacrynic acid (ETCA) caused dose-dependent decreases of net fluid transport
      rate; ouabain inhibited fluid transport predominantly from the serosal side,
      whereas the inhibitory effect of ETCA was elicited mainly from the mucosal
      (luminal) side. Applied bilaterally, the ID50 for ouabain was 2.5 X 10(-6) M, and
      for ETCA 2.3 X 10(-4) M. After maximal inhibition at each concentration level of
      the two inhibitors fluid transport could not be reversed. 3. 2,4-Dinitrophenol
      (2,4-DNP) (2 X 10(-4) M) or substitution of O2 by N2 caused an 80% reversible
      decrease of net fluid transport. 4. The spontaneous p.d. across the rabbit gall
      bladder was about 2.7 mV, mucosal side positive. 2,4-DNP, N2 and serosal
      application of ouabain depressed the p.d. after an initial hyperpolarization.
      This decrease was reversible during recovery from 2,4-DNP and N2, but
      irreversible after removal of ouabain at concentrations greater than or equal to
      10(-4) M. Mucosal application of ETCA (10(-3) M) caused no decrease in p.d.,
      which actually increased slightly. 5. Calculated passive serosal-to-mucosal Na+
      fluxes changed in the same direction as did changes in conductance. 6. It is
      concluded that ETCA does not interfere primarily with the Na-K-ATPase or cellular
      oxidative metabolism. The data support the proposal that the pump responsible for
      isosmotic transepithelial fluid transfer is located in the luminal end of the
      cells. This pump is ETCA-sensitive. The ATPase-dependent Na-K pump, which can be
      inhibited by ouabain, is localized in the serosa-facing cell membrane. The data
      suggest that the inhibition of net fluid transport by ouabain is indirect and
      mediated by changes in intracellular ion concentrations. 7. The results support
      the concept that the transepithelial fluid transport mechanism is electroneutral,
      and suggest that the mucosa positive transepithelial p.d. is due to differences
      in electromotive forces arising from ion (mainly K+) diffusion across the mucosal
      and serosal cell membranes.

PMID- 690890
TI  - The metabolism of [14C]histamine during pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion in
      the cat.
AB  - 1. The metabolism of exogenous [14C]histamine has been examined in cats during
      gastric secretion. The appearance of 14C-labelled metabolites has been measured
      chromatographically in urine and gastric juice under non-secreting and
      pentagastrin-stimulated conditions, and in gastric mucosa after pentagastrin
      stimulation. 2. The main metabolites detected were (i) an acidic product,
      presumed to be methylimidazoleacetic acid, (ii) Ntau-methylhistamine, and (iii)
      an unidentified metabolite, moving rapidly in the chromatographic systems used,
      and designated 'preacetylhistamine'. No evidence was found for the presence of
      side chain (i.e. Nalpha)-methylated histamines, either in the non-stimulated or
      pentagastric-stimulated state. 3. During a 3 hr non-stimulated period, followed
      by 3 hr of pentagastrin administration, the relative proportions of 14C-labelled
      metabolites excreted in urine remained unchanged. During acid secretion there was
      an increase in the proportion of 'pre-acetylhistamine' in gastric juice, which
      occurred at the expense of the acidic metabolites. It is suggested however that
      this effect is more likely to be the result of a slow adaptation to the
      administration of exogenous [14C]histamine than the result of acid secretion. 4.
      The results of the present work do not appear to support the hypothesis of Code
      (1970), that a local control mechanism for acid secretion might involve the
      formation Nalpha-methylated histamine metabolites in gastric mucosa.

PMID- 690891
TI  - A comparison of the transport systems which carry L-methionine across the blood
      retinal and blood-brain barriers [proceedings].

PMID- 690892
TI  - Cluster analysis and the typing of muscle fibres [proceedings].

PMID- 690893
TI  - A gravimetric method for studying the rate of vascular transudation in the
      isolated perfused rat mesentery [proceedings].

PMID- 690894
TI  - Influence of angiotensin on regulation of glomerular filtration rate in the cat
      [proceedings].

PMID- 690895
TI  - Influence of the autonomic nervous system on the release of vasoactive intestinal
      polypeptide from the porcine gastrointestinal tract.
AB  - 1. The release of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide from the gastrointestinal
      tract in response to stimulation of the vagus nerves, the splanchnic nerves and
      to intra-arterial infusion of acetylcholine (ACh) was examined in pigs. 2.
      Stimulation of the vagus nerves caused an abrupt increase in the release of
      vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. The amount of the peptide released depended on
      the frequency at which the nerves were stimulated. Maximum release was obtained
      at 8 Hz. 3. Atropine and beta-adrenergic blocking agents failed to diminish the
      vagally induced release of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, while the response
      was completely blocked by hexamethonium and increased after alpha-adrenergic
      blockade and after splanchnicotomy. 4. Intra-arterial infusion of ACh closely
      imitated the response to vagal stimulation, but the release of vasoactive
      intestinal polypeptide induced by ACh was abolished by atropine. 5. Stimulation
      of the splanchnic nerves caused a decrease in the release of vasoactive
      intestinal polypeptide, an action which was annulled by alpha-adrenergic
      blockade, but still present after the adrenal glands were isolated from the
      circulation. The inhibitory effect of splanchnic stimulation significantly
      diminished the vagally induced release of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. 6.
      The results demonstrate a dual innervation with opposing effects on the neurones
      containing vasoactive intestinal polypeptides. The possible physiologic
      implication of this finding is discussed.

PMID- 690896
TI  - The role of renal hyaluronidase in the urinary concentrating process: an
      immunological approach [proceedings].

PMID- 690897
TI  - Renal vascular responses to infusions of 1-sarcosine-8-alanine-angiotensin II
      (saralasin) in man and dog [proceedings].

PMID- 690899
TI  - Changes in urinary aldosterone excretion and plasma renin activity in response to
      dietary sodium chloride deprivation in man [proceedings].

PMID- 690898
TI  - A study of the routes by which protein passes from the pericardial cavity to the
      blood in rabbits.
AB  - The routes by which radioiodinated serum albumin placed in the pericardial cavity
      gains access to the circulation have been investigated in rabbits. 1. Eighty per
      cent of pericardial cavity protein passes through the parietal pericardium and
      into the circulation through the thoracic duct. 2. A small amount of protein is
      drained through the right lymph duct; this is probably derived from protein
      passing from the pericardial cavity into the pleural cavity. 3. There is no
      apparent movement of protein directly into blood vessels of the parietal
      pericardium. For theoretical reasons movement of protein across the visceral
      pericardium and into the blood vessels of the myocardium is also unlikely. 4. A
      small amount of protein enters the circulation when both major lymphatics are
      ligated. It is proposed that lymphatic uptake may continue and secondary
      lymphovenous junctions will open as a result of raised intralymphatic pressure.

PMID- 690901
TI  - Osmolality of fluid reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubules of rats
      [proceedings].

PMID- 690900
TI  - Non-parallel enzyme secretion from rat pancreas: in vivo studies.
AB  - The secretion of amylase, lipase and chymotrypsinogen was measured in the
      pancreatic juice of anaesthetized rats. 1. Stimulation of the protein secretion
      by I.V. cholecystokinin-pancreozymin (8 IDU kg-1) given together with secretin (5
      CU kg-1) resulted in a change in the enzyme proportions in pancreatic juice,
      characterized by decreases in the amylase to chymotrypsinogen and amylase to
      lipase ratios. 2. The same phenomenon was elicited by pilocarpine (15 mg kg-1)
      associated with secretin (5 CU kg-1) but not by secretin alone. 3. Blockade of
      protein synthesis by cycloheximide did not suppress the induction of non
      parallelism by stimulation. 4. It was concluded that the exocrine proteins are
      stored in two pools in which the proportions of enzymes are different. 5. With
      the help of a mathematical model it is proposed that one pool which corresponds
      to less than 0.35% of total enzyme storage, is responsible for basal secretion
      and is not sensitive to stimulation. The second (preponderant) pool provides
      secretion with a protein output increasing with stimulation.

PMID- 690902
TI  - A smooth muscle inhibitory material extracted from the bovine retractor penis and
      rat anococcygeus muscles [proceedings].

PMID- 690903
TI  - Distribution of gastrointestinal mechanoreceptors mediating excitation or
      inhibition of vagal efferent activity in the rat [proceedings].

PMID- 690904
TI  - Retinotectal compression in the hamster: a quantitative study with horseradish
      peroxidase [proceedings].

PMID- 690905
TI  - The influx of amino acids into the heart of the rat.
AB  - 1. The influx of nineteen amino acids into the heart of the living rat was
      studied by a method specially devised for experiments under controlled conditions
      in vivo. 2. When, in separate experiments, the concentration of each amino acid
      in turn was artificially raised in the circulation, the influx of that amino acid
      into the heart increased. 3. Our data indicate that at least ten of these amino
      acids enter the heart in vivo by means of saturable carrier-mediated transport
      systems. The transport rates conform, at least approximately, to Michaelis
      kinetics and the transport systems are clearly, in the cases of many amino acids,
      active, i.e. energy-dependent. 4. The amino acids which were studied had rates of
      influx into the heart which differed from each other over a range of more than 10
      to 1, even when allowances were made for the difference in their concentration in
      the circulating blood. These differences in influx were not related to such
      factors as the molecular size of the individual amino acids. 5. The amino acids
      which have a high influx into the heart are mainly those which are needed either
      to re-synthesize contractile protein or as oxidizable substrates.

PMID- 690906
TI  - Inhibition and the normal ocular dominance distribution in cat visual cortex
      [proceedings].

PMID- 690907
TI  - Free water clearance curves during saline, mannitol, glucose and urea diuresis in
      the rat.
AB  - 1. Free water clearances were measured during infusion of hypotonic saline,
      glucose, urea, and mannitol in Brattleboro rats. For each solute the free water
      clearances were plotted using either V or (C(H2O) + C(Na)) as the distal tubular
      delivery term.2. In all cases the use of (C(H2O) + C(Na)) as distal delivery term
      yielded a steeper relationship than when V was used. There were no significant
      differences in the C(H2O) to V relationship when saline, glucose and mannitol was
      the solute infused. Urea, however, resulted in a curve with a slope significantly
      less than that for the other solutes.3. When C(H2O) was plotted against (C(H2O) +
      C(Na)) there was still no significant difference between the slopes of the curves
      during saline or mannitol infusion. Use of this delivery term, however, resulted
      in a slope during glucose infusion which was significantly greater than that
      during saline or mannitol infusion. The slope for urea infusion remained lower
      than that for any other solute.4. Regardless of the delivery term used, there was
      no significant difference in the slopes of the curves for awake Wistar and awake
      Brattleboro rats during mannitol infusion. This indicates that the awake rat is a
      suitable model for free water clearance studies.5. The results indicate that NaCl
      and mannitol are both adequate for free water clearance and that (C(H2O) + C(Na))
      is a better index of distal delivery than V.

PMID- 690909
TI  - Use of a delay line to measure conduction velocity of an axon [proceedings].

PMID- 690910
TI  - Two stages in the visual adaptation to light [proceedings].

PMID- 690908
TI  - Different effects of applied currents during central and peripheral illumination
      of Pseudemys turtle cones [proceedings].

PMID- 690911
TI  - Visual detection of coloured stimuli by parallel systems [proceedings].

PMID- 690912
TI  - Light evoked release of acetylcholine from the rabbit retina in vivo
      [proceedings].

PMID- 690913
TI  - Acetylcholine noise in cultured chick myoballs: a voltage clamp analysis.
AB  - 1. Large spherical muscle cells were grown in vitro by allowing dissociated chick
      myoblasts to fuse in suspension culture. 2. Myoball membranes could be adequately
      voltage clamped even in the face of large inward currents (ca. 100 nA) induced by
      ACh. 3. The single channel conductance, gamma, estimated from the ratio of the
      mean to the variance of ACh currents was 25-40 pmho at temperatures between 25
      degrees and 37 degrees C. 4. Spectra of ACh current fluctuations declined with
      1/f2. The mean channel open time (tau) estimated from the half-power frequency
      was 2 msec at 37 degrees C and -90 mV holding potential. At lower membrane
      potentials tau was decreased and on hyperpolarization tau was prolonged.

PMID- 690914
TI  - Do cutaneous nerves sprout in the mammal? [proceedings].

PMID- 690916
TI  - Functional development of motor cortical neurones in the kitten [proceedings].

PMID- 690915
TI  - A transition temperature for acetylcholine channel conductance in chick myoballs.
AB  - 1. The temperature dependence of ACh channel conductance (gamma) and channel open
      time (tau) was determined by analysing ACh induced membrane current fluctuations
      in voltage clamped chick myoballs. 2. gamma decreased from 25-30 pmho at 37
      degrees C to less than 5 phmo at 10 degrees C. An Arrhenius plot of gamma vs.
      temperature exhibited a clear break or 'transition temperature' at 20 degrees C.
      3. tau increased from 2 msec at 37 degrees C to 16 msec at 10 degrees C. The
      Arrhenius plot of tau vs. temperature was linear. No transition temperature was
      detected. 4. Submicellar concentrations of the non-ionic detergent, Triton X-100
      reversibly blocked ACh respnses. The effect was all-or-none at the molecular
      level. 5. These results are consistent with the possibility that the fluidity of
      membrane lipids in the ACh receptor micro-environment may influence the degree to
      which the channel can open.

PMID- 690917
TI  - Functional overlap of vagal gastric motility fibres in the ferret [proceedings].

PMID- 690919
TI  - Protein changes in lymphocyte cytoplasm: an indicator of immunological activity?
      [proceedings].

PMID- 690918
TI  - Changes in pigeon cone photocurrent caused by reduction in extracellular calcium
      activity.
AB  - 1. Photocurrents have been recorded from the red spot of the isolated superfused
      pigeon retina. The technique used was to record photovoltage gradients and
      extracellular fluid resistivity in a direction parallel with the long axes of the
      receptors. 2. Cone and rod responses were identified, and experiments designed so
      that only the former were elicited. 3. In the outer portion of the receptor
      layer, the wave form of the cone photoresponse lacks the initial transient (the
      'nose') seen in the portions of the receptor layer nearer the synapses. It is
      argued that this observation permits the use of a simple equivalent circuit for
      the generation of the extracellular photocurrent, to infer membrane properties
      from extracellular recordings. 4. When the superfusing Ringer is changed to one
      which has a very low calcium activity (2 X 10(-7)M) the first result is that
      photoresponses increase in magnitude (X 7.7) but the relationship between light
      intensity and response amplitude and the light intensity (sigma) required to
      produce a half maximal response remains unchanged. 5. This increase in
      photocurrent in low calcium also occurs if the superfusing fluid is cooled to 10
      degrees. 6. After 2--3 min, the photoresponses in low calcium begin to decrease
      in amplitude, and the value of sigma is progressively reduced, tenfold in 10 min.
      7. During this time, the wave form of the photocurrent alters, the rate of
      increase and decrease of the responses being slowed. 8. The relationship between
      peak photocurrent and duration of light flash is modified. 9. The response to a
      step of light is not well maintained in higher calcium, but is well maintained in
      low calcium. 10. In higher calcium, the current overshoots during recovery from a
      flash to below the previous dark level. This does not happen in low calcium. 11.
      In low calcium, a light adapting background illumination desensitizes the cones.
      All changes in wave form of the response can be accounted for in terms of the
      membrane non-linearities. The calculated time course of the change in
      concentration of the 'internal transmitter' is unaffected. The same is true of
      desensitization, in the dark, following exposure to intense illumination.

PMID- 690920
TI  - The collagen content of the hypertrophic intestine and liver in pregnant and
      lactating mice [proceedings].

PMID- 690921
TI  - A small pulsatile perfusion pump-blood equilibrator system [proceedings].

PMID- 690922
TI  - The role of chloride in the secretion of water and electrolyte by the isolated
      pancreas [proceedings].

PMID- 690923
TI  - Rapidity of response of vascular smooth muscle to alterations in oxygen tension
      [proceedings].

PMID- 690924
TI  - Atrial receptors which effect a reflex decrease in renal sympathetic activity
      [proceedings].

PMID- 690925
TI  - The ratio of cranial to jugular blood flow in the new-born [proceedings].

PMID- 690926
TI  - Breathing pattern during transient chemoreflex responses in anaesthetized cats
      [proceedings].

PMID- 690927
TI  - A comparative study of the effects of denervation, immobilization, and
      denervation with immobilization on the protein turnover of the rat soleus muscle
      [proceedings].

PMID- 690928
TI  - Evidence for the existence of three motor unit types in normal human
      gastrocnemius [proceedings].

PMID- 690929
TI  - Prolongation of mammalian muscle twitches during oxidative recovery from
      contraction [proceedings].

PMID- 690930
TI  - Changes in perceived heaviness in man after thumb anaesthesia are associated with
      corresponding changes in the degree of muscle activation [proceedings].

PMID- 690931
TI  - Responses of heat-sensitized nociceptors are independent of the local blood flow
      [proceedings].

PMID- 690932
TI  - Unusual morphological specializations of interneurones producing electrical and
      chemical collateral inhibitions of the Mauthner cell [proceedings].

PMID- 690933
TI  - Receptive fields of 'recurrent' axons in dorsal roots [proceedings].

PMID- 690934
TI  - The serial order of self-paced movement in terms of brain macropotentials in man
      [proceedings].

PMID- 690935
TI  - Organization of the reticular formation in the dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula
      [proceedings].

PMID- 690936
TI  - Potassium exchange and the positive inotropic effect of ouabain in rabbit and
      human myocardium [proceedings].

PMID- 690937
TI  - Dependence of the apparent reversal potential for the pace-maker current iK2 on
      its degree of activation in cardiac Purkinje fibres [proceedings].

PMID- 690938
TI  - Arrhythmogenic effects of hypokalaemia on mammalian ventricular muscle
      [proceedings].

PMID- 690939
TI  - The effect of mental arithmetic on blood pressure variability and baroreflex
      sensitivity in man [proceedings].

PMID- 690940
TI  - The effect of intravenous infusion of angiotensin II on drinking in the
      Australian marsupial Trichosurus vulpecula.
AB  - 1. When marsupial brush-tailed possums were maintained on a normal fruit and
      vegetable diet with access to water ad libitum, I.V. infusion of synthetic
      angiotensin II at rates of 0.035-3.5 mug/kg. min caused short-latency drinking in
      up to seven of eleven animals tested. These rates also had significant pressor
      effects.2. There was a positive correlation between the rate of angiotensin
      infusion and the percentage of tested animals which responded by drinking, as
      well as the amount of water drunk by such animals. The amount drunk during a
      second infusion 1 hr later was reduced. There was a negative correlation between
      the rate of infusion and the latency to drinking.3. Of six animals given access
      to both water and 1.8% sodium chloride solutions, five drank some saline during
      maintenance and control periods and all responded with short-latency drinking of
      water to infusion of angiotensin II at 0.35 mug/kg. min.4. Withdrawal of 10% of
      blood volume, known to stimulate renin production in the possum, caused an
      increase in water intake in only one of six possums.5. Infusion of isoprenaline
      I.V. at 20 mug/kg. min, which caused a profound fall in B.P., had no effect on
      drinking by all six possums.6. It is concluded that these marsupials share with
      eutherian mammals responsiveness to a dipsogenic action of angiotensin II, which
      appears to be inhibited by preceding ingestion of water and potentiated by
      preceding ingestion of hypertonic saline. The physiological significance of this
      effect is uncertain.

PMID- 690941
TI  - An interspike interval histogram interface for the neurolog system signal
      averager module [proceedings].

PMID- 690942
TI  - An analysis of excitatory junctional potentials recorded from arterioles.
AB  - 1. Arterioles were impaled with two independent micro-electrodes, one to pass
      current and the other to record membrane potential. 2. When current was injected
      into one branch of an arteriole, a membrane potential change could be detected
      either in the same branch or in an adjoining branch indicating that the
      arteriolar smooth muscle cells were electrically connected. 3. Fine dissection of
      the arteriolar tree gave short segments of arteriole which appeared to behave
      electrically as short cables with sealed ends. 4. Analysis of the electrotonic
      potentials recorded from isolated segments of arterioles allowed a determination
      of the arteriole cable properties. 5. Using the data from the cable analyses it
      was concluded that the junctional current underlying an excitatory junction
      potential has a duration that is brief when compared with that of the potential.

PMID- 690943
TI  - The role of the autonomic nervous system in the control of glucagon, insulin and
      pancreatic polypeptide release from the pancreas.
AB  - 1. The mechanisms of release of pancreatic glucagon, insulin and pancreatic
      polypeptide (PP) in response to hypoxia and to 2-deoxyglucose have been
      investigated in conscious calves 3-5 weeks after birth. 2. A single injection of
      2-deoxyglucose (200 mg/kg I.V.) produced an abrupt rise in the concentrations of
      pancreatic glucagon, insulin and PP in the arterial plasma. The changes in plasma
      insulin and PP concentration were unaffected by prior section of the splanchnic
      nerves but were effectively abolished by atropine (0-2 mg/kg I.V.). The rise in
      plasma pancreatic glucagon concentration was prevented in calves with cut
      splanchnic nerves that were given atropine but neither procedure alone suppressed
      the response. 3. 2-deoxyglucose also caused a substantial increase in the output
      of glucocorticoids from the right adrenal gland together with a pronounced rise
      in adrenal blood flow. There was also a small but significant increase in
      catecholamine output from the adrenal medullae in these animals. 4. Intense
      hypoxia caused a pronounced increase in the concentration of PP in the arterial
      plasma. This was found to resemble the glucagon response to intense hypoxia in
      that it persisted in animals with cut splanchnic nerves that were given atropine.
      Less intense hypoxia caused a rise in plasma pancreatic glucagon concentration
      (but not PP) that was abolished by section of the splanchnic nerves. The changes
      in plasma insulin concentration in these experiments were consistent with the
      conclusion that they were secondary to changes in plasma glucose concentration.
      5. It is concluded that pancreatic endocrine responses to both moderate hypoxia
      and 2-deoxyglucose are mediated by the autonomic innervation.

PMID- 690944
TI  - [DNA quantitative variations in integuments, abdominal muscle and digestive gland
      of the sand-shrimp Crangon Crangon (L) during a moult cycle (author's transl)].

PMID- 690945
TI  - Slow inward and outward currents of rat ventricular fibers under anoxia.
AB  - Voltage and current clamp experiments were performed on rat ventricular strips
      under anoxia. 1. Under the influence of anoxia the membrane depolarized by 5 to
      10 mV and the action potential amplitude decreased by 15 mV. The plateau
      disappeared and the duration of the action potential was shortened. 2. The slow
      inward current was reduced by 50 to 80% and its reversal potential became more
      negative by about 31 mV. The conductance of the slow inward channel decreased by
      26%. 3. The net outward current was slightly depressed.

PMID- 690946
TI  - Effects of chronic administration of furosemide on the haemodynamics, blood
      volume and electrolytes in dogs.

PMID- 690947
TI  - [Comparative study of the activity of medullary respiratory neurones during
      polypnea triggered by hypothalamic electrical stimulation or by hypothalamic
      heating (author's transl)].
AB  - We have compared in "encephale isole bas" cats the activity of medullary
      respiratory neurones during polypnea triggered by electrical stimulation (PSt) or
      by heating (PTh) of the hypothalamus. The medullary respiratory neurones are
      classified according to:--their anatomical localization (dorsal or ventral
      respiratory nucleus);--their axon destination (spinal : bulbo-spinal respiratory
      neurones; non spinal : propriobulbar neurones);--their discharge pattern;--the
      correlation coefficient between the number of spikes delivered in each burst and
      the duration of the corresponding respiratory phase (HILAIRE et MONTEAU, 1975).
      1. During the two polypneas (PSt and PTh), we observe:--a reduction of activity
      that preferentially affects some groups of neurones (propriobulbar neurones)
      (fig. 3);--an inversion of the discharge firing rate, which increases during
      inspiration in normopnea and decreases in polypnea (fig. 1; fig. 6);--a decrease
      of the maximal discharge firing rate for the neurones of different groups (Table
      V). 2. However, two differences exist : during PSt, the maximal discharge firing
      rate increases for the inspiratory bulbo-spinal neurones of the dorsal nucleus
      and for the early-burster inspiratory propriobulbar neurones. The recruitment of
      the bulbo-spinal inspiratory neurones seems to be different; they are activated
      earlier during PSt than during PTh (Table VI). 3. Some of the observed
      differences are probably quantitative and we think that polypnea triggered by
      hypothalamic electrical stimulation is a good model for thermal polypnea.

PMID- 690948
TI  - Sodium and potassium distribution in rat renal slices measured by a laser
      microprobe emission spectrophotometry.

PMID- 690949
TI  - Measuring fear of death: a reliability study.
AB  - An increase in interest in death education among helping professionals and a
      concern for a lack of reliability and validity data on some instruments measuring
      attitudes about death is reviewed. The Collett-Lester Fear of Death Scale and the
      Lester Attitude Toward Death Scale were administered twice to 20 graduate level
      male and female counselor trainees over a six-week interval. Test-retest
      reliability coefficients on all scales and subscales were significant but low to
      moderate only.

PMID- 690950
TI  - Effects of extraversion, anxiety, and sex on children's verbal fluency and coding
      task performance.
AB  - Seventy-eight boys and 71 girls (ages eight to 18 years) were assigned to one of
      eight groups on the basis of scores on the Junior Esysenck Personality Inventory,
      the Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale, and sex of the S. The Ss were administered
      a simple and a complex verbal fluency task and the coding subtest of the WISC. It
      was found that extraverted children of both sexes did better than introverted
      children on both measures of verbal fluency and the nonverbal coding task.
      Anxiety influenced girl's performance on the more complex verbal fluency task,
      but did not alter boys' performance. The present findings were discussed in
      relation to the adult literature relating extraversion, anxiety, and verbal
      fluency.

PMID- 690951
TI  - The abilities of retarded students: further evidence concerning the stimulus
      trace factor.
AB  - A Wherry-Wherry hierarchical factor solution was obtained on the correlations
      among 11 WISC-R subtests for a sample of 79 mentally retarded boys and girls. The
      findings were not only congruent with Vernon's ability paradigm but also suggest
      that the ability structure for retardates may well be more complex than the
      structure for normals. The ability hierarchy for the present sample included a
      general (g) factor defined by positive loadings from all 11 subtests and factors
      corresponding to the verbal-educational (v:ed) and spatial-perceptual (k:m)
      parameters. In addition, a stimulus trace (ST) factor corresponding to the
      ability dimension described by Baumeister and Bartlett was obtained.

PMID- 690952
TI  - Memory development in learning disabled children: evidence from nonverbal tasks.
AB  - The purpose of the present study was to test the developmental lag hypothesis
      with learning disabled children on two and three dimensional nonverbal task.
      Twenty-two learning disabled boys in two age groups of 11 each were tested on a
      probe memory recall procedure. In contrast to generalization of a developmental
      lag hypothesis, age-equivalent recall in primacy and recency positions reflected
      patterns similar to those of normal children. Further, a developmental analysis
      of nonverbal recall revealed constant age-related differences. Results suggested
      the developmental memory lag interpretation has been confounded with learning
      disabled children's generalized verbal deficits.

PMID- 690953
TI  - Intestinal disaccharidase and peroxidase deficiencies during Eimeria nieschulzi
      infections in rats.

PMID- 690954
TI  - The occurrence of amphizoic Amebae in domestic animals.
AB  - Random examination of domestic animals revealed the frequent presence of free
      living amebae in their bodies. In diseased or dead cows, dogs, pigs, rabbits,
      pigeons, and turkeys 15 strains of amebae were found, belonging to the genera
      Acanthamoeba (A. polyphaga), Hartmannella (H. vermiformis), and Vahlkampfia (V.
      avara, V. enterica, V. inornata). They were usually accompanied by other
      infectious agents in different parts of the host bodies. Pathogenicity of 3
      isolates could not be demonstrated by inoculation of laboratory animals. Some
      features of the isolates differed from those previously known for members of
      these genera. These strains may be considered amphizoic amebae according to Page
      (1974).

PMID- 690955
TI  - Binding of Trypanosoma congolense to the walls of small blood vessels.
AB  - The mesenteric microvasculature was studied in rats and rabbits infected with
      Trypanosoma congolense. By examining vessels in the living animals, trypanosomes
      were observed to adhere to vessel walls by their anterior ends. It was evident
      from stained preparations of the vessels that the microcirculation contained 4
      1400 times as many trypanosomes as were free in the cardiac blood. Parasites were
      more numerous in very small vessels than in larger vessels, and they were
      clustered in groups within the small vessels. The localization of T. congolense
      in the microvasculature is demonstrated and it is shown that this localization is
      established by attachment of the organism to the vessel wall.

PMID- 690956
TI  - [Effect of dose rate on intestinal tolerance in mice. Implications in
      radiotherapy (author's transl)].

PMID- 690957
TI  - [Pericarditis after wide field irradiation for Hodgkin's disease study of
      dosimetry in relation to therapeutic consequences (author's transl)].

PMID- 690958
TI  - [Radiological and surgical treatment of cancer of the thoracic oesophagus: a
      report on 143 cases (author's transl)].
AB  - It would appear that pre-operative radiotherapy early in the treatment of
      oesophageal cancer has avoided in many cases (especially those in an advanced
      stage), the appearance of local recurrences, which cause death very rapidly
      during the first year in those patients having surgical treatment only. This
      treatment, however, which is only localized to the mediastinum, has not prevented
      the appearance of metastases at a later date. It is obvious, therefore, that
      though we have improved local prognosis by localized and regional treatment, and
      the association of radiotherapy and surgery, we have not been able to act on the
      residual cancerous disease, and something else is needed. This "something else"
      must be chemotherapy, but at the present time we do not know which product, at
      which dose, and at which moment, this chemotherapy should be applied to be most
      effective.

PMID- 690959
TI  - [Prevention of late complications in the small intestine by irradiation in
      Trendelenburg's position (author's transl)].

PMID- 690960
TI  - [The use of disposable vascular catheters in interstitial brachytherapy of skin
      cancers (author's transl)].
AB  - Authors present technical improvements dealing with interstitial brachytherapy
      (Ir192) of skin cancers. They use fine disposable plastic tubes fitted with
      mandril, which allow loading of light radioactive material in any case. Short
      term results are discussed according to 101 applications.

PMID- 690961
TI  - [Electronic device for scintillation camera physiological driving (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 690962
TI  - [Yield of dose absorbed in depth for radiotherapy and radiobiology].

PMID- 690963
TI  - The relationship of sperm viability and concentration to serum-induced head-to
      head agglutination of bovine spermatozoa.
AB  - Individual samples of bull semen were treated by filtration to remove immotile
      spermatozoa and by the addition of 10% heifer serum. There was significantly (P
      less than 0.01) greater serum-induced agglutination in the filtered than in the
      unfiltered samples. Head-to-head agglutination was also greater (P less than
      0.01) in dilute sperm suspensions when compared to concentrated sperm
      suspensions.

PMID- 690964
TI  - Fertility studies of complementing genotypes at the albino locus of the mouse.
AB  - Mice doubly heterozygous for two radiation-induced lethal alleles at the albino
      locus (C3H and C6H) show partial complementation: they are viable but runted and
      sterile. In C3H/C6H females oogenesis and mating are normal, but nearly all of
      their fetuses, even when genotypically normal (+/C3H or +/C6H), fail to survive
      beyond midgestation. Abnormalities of spermatogenesis, i.e. morphological defects
      in head condensation and a deficiency in numbers of maturing spermatids, are
      histologically detectable in the testes of C3H/C6H males. Spermatozoa from the
      vasa deferentia of such males are predominantly nonviable, immotile, and grossly
      abnormal in morphology.

PMID- 690966
TI  - Study of the motility of the avian oviduct with chronically implanted electrodes.
AB  - Electrical activity was recorded in conscious hens from chronically implanted
      electrodes in the smooth muscle layers of the oviduct. Transport of the egg
      through the magnum resulted from an inhibition of the electrical activity in the
      oviduct cranial to the egg and an increased spiking activity caudally. During an
      ovulatory cycle the progression of the egg was related to four different patterns
      of the uterine motility: within a sequence, the ovulatory cycles varied according
      to the duration of Phases 3 and 4.

PMID- 690965
TI  - Sexual behaviour responses of the ovariectomized ewe to oestradiol benzoate, and
      their persistent reduction after exposure to phyto-oestrogens.

PMID- 690967
TI  - Electrical activity of the oviduct of the laying hen during egg transport.
AB  - Electrical activity in the oviduct wall of the laying hen was studied. The
      frequency of spike discharges increased in the magnum and isthmus when the egg
      approached close to the recording sites. The frequency of discharge remained high
      in the magnum until the egg had passed, but it decreased in the isthmus during
      the stay of the egg. In the uterus, a relatively high activity was found
      immediately after oviposition and this was followed by low activity for about 5
      h. Electrical activity began to increase again and reached maximum 1-2 h after
      the egg entered the uterus. The direction of propagation of electrical activity
      in the magnum was determined by using two electrodes and was towards the ovary or
      towards the uterus for periods of several minutes.

PMID- 690968
TI  - Patterns of oestrogen and testosterone excretion during pregnancy in a gorilla
      (Gorilla gorilla).
AB  - Oestrogen and testosterone concentrations in the urine were determined by
      radioimmunoassay. Total oestrogen concentrations rose from 25 ng/mg creatinine in
      the non-pregnant animal to a mean of about 2 microgram/mg creatinine in the 50
      days before term. There was a significant (P less than 0.001) correlation between
      oestrogen and testosterone concentrations until 11 days before parturition.

PMID- 690969
TI  - Effect of oestrogen on fetal survival in the rabbit.
AB  - Pregnant rabbits (Day 18) were treated i.m. for 3 days with 10 microgram
      oestradiol 17beta/kg. The number of dead fetuses was significantly greater than
      in the control animals but corpus luteum weight and peripheral progesterone
      concentrations were not affected. Fetal death was therefore not due to
      luteolysis.

PMID- 690970
TI  - Effect of active immunization against oestrogens on plasma gonadotrophins in the
      ewe and the response to synthetic oestrogen or LH.
AB  - Immunization against oestrogen resulted in elevated LH concentrations, in the
      form of a pulsatile release, which rose from 3 to as much as 41 ng/ml
      approximately every 1.5 h, even in the presence of high plasma progesterone
      concentrations. Elevated FSH concentrations showed only minor oscillations
      without consistent synchrony to the LH pulses. Injection of 250 microgram
      stilboestrol did not abolish the LH pulses but in 2 out of 8 ewes FSH was
      initially lowered. Injection of 1 mg stilboestrol abolished the LH pulses within
      11 h and decreased FSH values in 2 out of 4 ewes. Between 16 and 35 h after
      injection there was a large increase in LH and FSH concentrations. Thus, in the
      ewe, the tonic secretion of LH and FSH is controlled by a negative feedback
      action of oestrogen, and diethylstilboestrol will exert both dose. Infusion of LH
      was unable to alter the frequency or height of the LH pulses, thereby excluding
      regulation of the LH pulses by a short feedback mechanism.

PMID- 690971
TI  - The movement of human spermatozoa in cervical mucus.
AB  - Movement characteristics of freely swimming spermatozoa were studied with high
      speed cinemicrography. At 21 degrees C, flagellar beat frequency was higher in
      midcycle human cervical mucus than in native semen or Tyrode's solution; the beat
      shape differed, possessing diminished amplitude and wavelength. Although the
      spermatozoa swam straighter in the mucus, the progressive swimming speeds did not
      differ in the three media. Swimming speed and beat frequency were linearly
      related in semen and in Tyrode, but in mucus the linearity was less certain. In
      midcycle cervical mucus at 37 degrees C, beat frequencies and swimming speeds
      were greater than at 21 degrees C, but the trajectories were equally straight,
      and the distances swum per beat (kinetic efficiencies) did not differ.

PMID- 690973
TI  - Peripheral metabolism of testosterone during puberty in the male guinea-pig.
AB  - Variations in the metabolic clearance rate and the production rate of
      testosterone during puberty in the male guinea-pig were established by single
      injection and constant infusion methods. Similar results were obtained; MCR
      (1/24h) increases from Day 20 to Day 70 and then stabilizes between Days 70 and
      90 to levels comparable to those of a 6-month-old adult. MCR as 1/24 h/100 g
      decreases steadily between Days 20 and 60. The evolution of the testosterone
      production rate (PR: ng/24 h) is characterized by a marked rise between Days 20
      and 70, and then a decrease up to Day 90, continuing until 6 months. PR as ng/24
      h/100 g increases between Days 20 and 40, remains stable until Day 70, then
      decreases. Testosterone half-life is stable throughout the pubertal period. The
      rate of conversion of testosterone to androstenedione remains stable except for a
      rise between Days 50 and 60. We conclude that the increase in testosterone
      concentrations during puberty is due to a rise in the production rate and not to
      a decrease of clearance rate.

PMID- 690972
TI  - Effect of various hexoses on sperm capacitation and penetration of rat eggs in
      vitro.
AB  - Fertilization of rat eggs in vitro could not be achieved when epididymal
      spermatozoa were preincubated and eggs in clots incubated in a chemically defined
      medium without D-glucose. Very high proportions (84-100%) of eggs examined were
      undergoing fertilization when 2.78-8.34 mM-D-glucose were included in the medium.
      The substitution of D-fructose or D-galactose for D-glucose resulted in very poor
      penetration rates (0-4%), but D-mannose was effective for fertilization (59-99%
      penetration). Incubations for sperm capacitation and egg fertilization in
      different media containing the various hexoses showed that rat epididymal
      spermatozoa could be partly capacitated without hexose, that D-glucose, D-mannose
      or D-galactose but not D-fructose is effective for sperm capacitation and that
      only D-glucose and D-mannose supported penetration of eggs in vitro.

PMID- 690974
TI  - Detection of cell-mediated immunity to spermatozoa in mice and man by the
      leucocyte adherence-inhibition test.
AB  - A modification of the leucocyte adherence-inhibition test was developed to study
      cell-mediated immunity to spermatozoa. The test is highly reproducible and
      requires very low numbers of leucocytes. Deposition of spermatozoa in the genital
      tract of the female mouse by one normal mating is sufficient to sensitize the
      female to sperm antigens and the degree of sensitization is independent of the
      number of matings and the strain of male, and is not enhanced by subsequent
      pregnancy.

PMID- 690975
TI  - Patterns of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes during gonadogenesis in the rat.
AB  - The isoenzymes of LDH were detected by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The M
      and H LDH subunits were present in gonads of both sexes from Day 14 1/2 p.c. and
      there was some variation with increased gestation. From Day 20 after birth two
      specific LDH-X bands (X1 and X2) were evident in the spermatocyte-rich fraction,
      but not in those of the Sertoli and Leydig cell fractions or those of the ovary.

PMID- 690976
TI  - Effect of a progesterone-releasing intravaginal device on the milk progesterone
      levels, vaginal flora, milk yield and fertility of cyclic and non-cyclic dairy
      cows.
AB  - A progesterone-releasing intravaginal device (PRID) was inserted for 14 days into
      10 lactating dairy cows at least 50 days after calving. Synchronization of
      oestrus was good and 5 of the cows conceived to a double insemination 48 and 72 h
      after PRID removal. In 9 cows vaginal infection was present when the PRID was
      removed but resolved spontaneously. The level of progesterone in the milk and the
      milk yield were similar to those in the 10 control animals. PRID treatment of 9
      cows whose ovaries had remained inactive for at least 50 days after calving was
      followed by ovulation, as judged by the milk progesterone profile, in 8 animals
      after removal of the device.

PMID- 690977
TI  - Studies on the metabolism of neutral steroids by preimplantation rabbit
      blastocysts in vitro and the origin of blastocyst oestrogen.

PMID- 690978
TI  - The metabolism and motility of human spermatozoa in the presence of steroid
      hormones and synthetic progestagens.
AB  - The metabolism and motility of human ejaculated spermatozoa incubated in vitro
      with steroids were studied. Progesterone and norethynodrel depressed the
      respiration, glycolytic metabolism and the motility of washed spermatozoa.
      Lynoestrenol did not affect the respiration or glycolysis of the spermatozoa, but
      did inhibit motility. Oestradiol did not cause any consistent alteration of the
      sperm metabolism, and did not affect the motility. Progesterone and norethynodrel
      appeared to act on the plasma membrane of human spermatozoa to increase its
      permeability and hence to facilitate the loss of essential cofactors required for
      the glycolytic and oxidative processes.

PMID- 690979
TI  - Luteotrophic effect of the rabbit blastocyst.
AB  - Progesterone concentrations in peripheral plasma of 27 rabbits were determined by
      radioimmunoassay daily from Days 1 to 7. The rate of increase was significantly
      higher in pregnant than in pseudopregnant rabbits from Days 5 to 7 (P less than
      0.02), but not before Day 5. Transfer of Day-4 or -5 blastocysts to synchronous,
      pseudo-pregnant recipients resulted in a significant rise in progesterone levels
      in comparison with those in sham-operated controls (P less than 0.01) or
      pseudopregnant does (P less than 0.01).

PMID- 690980
TI  - Albumin protection of mouse morulae and early blastocysts against the toxic
      effects of cuprous and cupric ions during development in vitro.
AB  - Concentrations of cuprous and cupric chloride of 50 micrometer or greater
      completely inhibited the development of mouse morulae and early blastocysts into
      blastocysts in vitro. The zona pellucida was completely dissolved at
      concentrations of 250 micrometer cupric and 500 micrometer cuprous ions. No
      significant difference in toxicity was found between the cuprous and cupric ion
      at 0-50 micrometer. The addition of protein, as BSA, to the culture medium partly
      protected the embryos against the toxic effect of both copper ions. At a
      concentration of 25 micrometer a significantly higher level of BSA was required
      to protect against the cupric than the cuprous ion. Increasing the concentration
      of either ion increased the level of BSA required to exert a protective effect.

PMID- 690981
TI  - An unusual abnormality of human spermatozoa.
AB  - A defect affecting 90% of the spermatozoa of an infertile man consisted of round
      heads and a loss of tails, probably caused by a developmental abnormality at the
      spermatid stage.

PMID- 690982
TI  - Protein patterns of human uterine flushings collected at various stages of the
      menstrual cycle.
AB  - Uterine flushings and plasma collected from normal, parous women at various
      stages of the menstrual cycle were subjected to gel electrophoresis. The protein
      profiles of the flushings differed in many instances from the plasma pattern by
      the presence of between one and eleven non-plasma proteins. The distribution of
      the major non-plasma proteins during the menstrual cycle was not statistically
      significant but that of a pretransferrin, observed in uterine flushings and in
      peritoneal fluid, was significant. However, the appearance of this protein band
      could not be related to a particular phase of the cycle, and hence to a specific
      hormonal condition.

PMID- 690983
TI  - Post-ovulatory changes in the water content and inulin space of the rabbit
      oviduct.
AB  - Measurement of the water content and inulin space of the tissues of the ampulla,
      ampullary-isthmic junction and proximal isthmus showed that the loss of oedema
      was related to the position of the ova, whether this was normal (after hCG),
      delayed (by oestrogen treatment) or accelerated (by progesterone treatment).

PMID- 690984
TI  - Chiasma counts and non-disjunction frequencies in a normal ram and in rams
      carrying the Massey I (t1) Robertsonian translocation.
AB  - Testicular material from a normal ram (54XY), three rams heterozygous (53XYt1)
      and one ram homozygous (52XYt1t1) for the Massey I (t1) translocation was
      examined. The autosomal non-disjunction in the normal ram was 2.0% compared to a
      mean of 6.1% in the heterozygous animals. In the homozygous animal there were
      adhesions of the tunica vaginalis to the cauda epididymidis and extensive
      spermatogenic arrest.

PMID- 690985
TI  - Association of exogenous phospholipids with spermatozoa.
AB  - Boar, bull and ram spermatozoa were studied after incubation in a medium
      containing phospholipids. Autoradiography and birefringent examination of
      spermatozoa after incubation with labelled phosphatidylcholine indicated that
      liposomes of this phospholipid associated with spermatozoa. The association was
      almost instantaneous. The large multilayer liposomes formed during the
      experimental procedure resulted in a few of the spermatozoa acquiring most of the
      phosphatidylcholine. Little phosphatidylcholine was observed unassociated with
      spermatozoa although measurements of the partition between spermatozoa and medium
      showed that only boar spermatozoa associated with almost all the phospholipid. No
      evidence was obtained that phosphatidylethanolamine or phosphatidylinositol
      associated with the spermatozoa.

PMID- 690986
TI  - Prostatic function in the brush-tailed possum, Trichosurus vulpecula.

PMID- 690987
TI  - Changes in serum testosterone concentrations in the male pig during development.
AB  - Serum testosterone concentrations were elevated between 40 and 60 days p.c. but
      were low between 60 and 100 days p.c. when the testis descends. Elevated
      concentrations occurred in the perinatal period and from the 18th week after
      birth. Between 60 days p.c. and 16 weeks after birth the changes in serum
      testosterone concentrations parallel those of testicular development, as
      determined by morphology and steroid histochemistry, and peripheral LH
      concentrations.

PMID- 690988
TI  - CL regression in the pseudopregnant rabbit and the effects of treatment with
      prostaglandin F-2alpha and arachidonic acid.
AB  - During pseudopregnancy in the rabbit, plasma progesterone levels in the posterior
      vena cava fell rapidly from maximal concentrations of 9.8 +/- 0.7 (s.e.m.) ng/ml
      on Day 13 of pseudopregnancy to 2.0 +/- 0.6 ng/ml on Day 15. There was no
      significant increase in PGF levels at this time, although administration of
      indomethacin to a similar group of does delayed functional regression for over 7
      days. Subcutaneous injection of 1 mg PGF-2alpha or 35 mg arachidonic acid on Day
      9 of pseudopregnancy resulted in loss of luteal function as plasma progesterone
      levels fell significantly from about 6 to less than 1 ng/ml within 24 h. These
      findings indicate that the uterine factor responsible for luteolysis in the
      pseudopregnant rabbit may not be released in the form of PGF-2alpha.

PMID- 690989
TI  - A reciprocal translocation, t(6p+; 14q-), in the pig.
AB  - A reciprocal translocation, identified as t(6p+; 14q-), is described in a 38,XX
      intersex pig. It is the fourth reciprocal translocation to be reported for this
      species, whereas Robertsonian translocations, of frequent occurrence in cattle
      and sheep, are so far unknown in domestic pig breeds.

PMID- 690990
TI  - Correlation between cytological and morphogenetic effects of acute X-irradiation
      of preimplantation mouse embryos cultured in vitro.
AB  - Inhibition of cavitation by acute X-irradiation of 2-cell stage eggs was due to
      the early killing of the cells. Eggs in which cavitation did take place had a
      smaller number of cells due mainly to mitotic delay, leading to lack of inner
      cell mass (ICM) and its derivatives in further development. A similar effect is
      responsible for the inhibition of ICM formation after irradiation of morulae.

PMID- 690991
TI  - Use of dithiothreitol for improved visibility of the F body in human Y-bearing
      spermatozoa.
AB  - Dithiothreitol was used to decondense the nuclear chromatin before staining human
      spermatozoa with quinacrine for the F body present in Y-bearing spermatozoa. In
      unseparated fractions and those enriched in X- or Y-bearing spermatozoa, the
      number of spermatozoa with F bodies increased by 2-9% after dithiothreitol
      treatment.

PMID- 690992
TI  - Elimination of fetal mice with sporadic malformations by spontaneous resorption
      in pregnancies of older females.
AB  - The frequency of offspring with sporadic spontaneous malformations in A/JKt mice
      was significantly smaller in litters from older mothers than in litters from
      younger mothers. Simultaneously the fetal resorption rate was significantly
      larger in the older group apparently accounted for most, if not all, of the
      reduced malformation rate in their surviving offspring. It therefore seems that
      the aged uterus and the abnormal fetus are involved in the process by which such
      offspring are eliminated.

PMID- 690993
TI  - Diagnostic culdoscopy in infertility: a study of 4,000 outpatient procedures.

PMID- 690994
TI  - Cryopreservation of phagocytes.

PMID- 690995
TI  - Human monocyte spreading: effects of phospholipase C and phagocytosis.

PMID- 690996
TI  - Insulin and the glucoregulatory alterations of RES depression.

PMID- 690997
TI  - N-Hydroxyamide metabolites of lidocaine. Synthesis, characterization,
      quantitation, and mutagenic potential.
AB  - Two possible N-hydroxyamide metabolites of lidocaine were synthesized and
      characterized. A combined technique utilizing chemical-ionization mass
      spectrometry and stable isotope labeling demonstrated that these potentially
      carcinogenic N-hydroxyamides were neither present in human urine after oral
      lidocaine administration nor during intravenous infusion of lidocaine for the
      treatment of ventricular arrhythmias. However, small amounts of 2,6
      dimethylphenylhydroxylamine were detected in the urine of all subjects.
      Mutagenesis assays using the Ames test showed that neither the N-hydroxyamides
      nor the N-hydroxyarylamine produced revertant colonies above background levels
      using the Salmonella tester strain TA-1538.

PMID- 690998
TI  - Metabolic fate of tolazamide in man and in the rat.
AB  - The metabolic fate of tolazamide, 1-(hexahydroazepin-1-yl)-3-p-tolylsulfonylurea
      (1), was studied in man and in the rat using tritium-labeled 1. The metabolites
      were isolated in crystalline form from urine for structure determination. The
      crystal structure and final molecular structure of one of these, 1-(4
      hydroxyhexahydroazepin-1-yl)-3-p-tolylsulfonylurea (5), were determined using
      single-crystal X-ray techniques. Following oral administration of tritiated
      tolazamide to male humans, 85% of the radioactivity was excreted in urine during
      a 5-day period. In addition to being excreted in urine unchanged, tolazamide was
      metabolized to 1-(hexahydroazepin-1-yl)-3-p-(carboxyphenyl)sulfonylurea (2), p
      toluenesulfonamide (3), 1-(hexahydroazepin-1-yl)-3-p
      (hydroxymethylphenyl)sulfonylurea (4), 1-(4-hydroxyhexahydroazepin-1-yl)-3-p
      tolylsulfonylurea (5) and a labile, unidentified metabolite 6 by man. The
      relative amounts of these materials excreted in 0-24-h urine collections from
      eight subjects averaged 7, 17, 26, 10, 25, and 15% for 1-6, respectively. In the
      female rat, 79% of an orally administered dose of tritiated tolazamide was
      excreted in urine during a 5-day period as 1-4. The relative amounts of these
      materials excreted during the 24-h period following administration of tolazamide
      were 10, 5, 5, and 80% for 1-4, respectively.

PMID- 690999
TI  - Antitumor anthracycline antibiotics. Structure-activity and structure
      cardiotoxicity relationships of rubidazone analogues.
AB  - A series of rubidazone analogues (4-14) with varying phenyl group substituents
      was prepared. The effect of these compounds on inhibition of nucleic acid
      synthesis in cultured cells, on in vivo antitumor properties, and on
      cardiotoxicity was examined. Substituent effects on drug-DNA binding as indicated
      by DNA melting temperature measurements were also investigated. Substituent
      effects were essentially absent among the rubidazone analogues in in vivo and in
      vitro test systems which measure cytotoxic characteristics; however, the
      rubidazone analogues varied substantially in their cardiotoxic effects and this
      variation was closely correlated with the electronic character of the phenyl
      substituent.

PMID- 691000
TI  - Synthesis and antihypertensive activity of some ester progenitors of methyldopa.
AB  - A variety of esters of methyldopa was synthesized with the objective of obtaining
      derivatives that would be more efficiently absorbed from the gastrointestinal
      tract than the free amino acid and would undergo conversion to methyldopa readily
      in the blood or target tissues. Two of the esters, alpha-pivaloyloxyethyl (4u)
      and alpha-succinimidoethyl (4w), were found to be more potent antihypertensive
      agents than methyldopa in animal models and were selected for further study in
      man. The amino esters were prepared by three different methods, including direct
      esterification of methyldopa without the use of N- or O-protecting groups.

PMID- 691001
TI  - Synthesis and analgetic activity of some 5-aryl-2azabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes.
AB  - A series of 5-aryl-2-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes II has been synthesized and
      evaluated for analgetic agonist-antagonist activity. These compounds can be
      regarded as five-membered, conformationally more rigid analogues of the potent
      agonist-antagonist (-)-5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylmorphan (I). Several of these
      compounds have demonstrated marked analgesic potency comparable to morphine in
      the mouse writhing assay. Structure-activity correlations, generated by varying N
      substitution and O-acetylation of the phenolic function, seem to indicate that
      optimum activity is associated with an arylethyl side chain attached to the basic
      nitrogen. Among the most interesting compounds in this series are the phenethyl
      analogue 31 and its O-acetate 39; the former shows the profile of a well-balanced
      analgetic-antagonist virtually devoid of physical dependence liability as
      demonstrated in the rat infusion test.

PMID- 691002
TI  - Diuretic activity of Mannich base derivatives of ethacrynic acid and certain
      ethacrynic acid analogues.
AB  - Various Mannich base derivatives of selected phenoxyacetic acid type diuretics
      were synthesized and their diuretic potency was evaluated in dogs. It is
      concluded that the Mannich bases possess little, if any, diuretic activity of
      their own. Those Mannich bases that do possess diuretic activity undoubtedly do
      so as a consequence of an elimination reaction (a retro-Michael type reaction)
      which yields the corresponding pharmacologically active alpha,beta-unsaturated
      ketone.

PMID- 691003
TI  - Synthesis and hypotensive activity of N-alkyl-N"-cyano-N'-pyridylguanidines.
AB  - A variety of N-alkyl-N'-pyridyl-N"-cyanoguanidines III was prepared as potential
      bioisosteres of hypotensive N-alkyl-N'-pyridylthioureas Ia. Optimal activity of
      the N,N'-disubstituted cyanoguanidines III was assoicated with the presence of
      four to seven carbon branched alkyl and 3- or 4-pyridyl groups. Maximum potency
      was displayed by N-tert-pentyl-N'-3 pyridyl-N"-cyanoguanidine (20). This compound
      proved to be 200 times more potent than the corresponding thiourea in
      hypertensive rats and dogs. In comparison with guancydine, which is the de-3
      pyridyl analogue of 20, a 150-fold increase of potency in spontaneously
      hypertensive rats was obtained with 20 and its tert-butyl analogue 19. The
      observed activity appears to be due to direct vascular relaxation. On a weight
      basis compounds 19, 20, 50, and 101 compared favorably with hydralazine.

PMID- 691004
TI  - Peptidyl transferase substrate specificity with nonaromatic aminoacyl analogues
      of puromycin.
AB  - A series of puromycin analogues, 3'-N-(S-substituted L-cysteinyl) puromycin
      aminonuleosides, has been prepared and examined as substrates for ribosomal
      peptidyl transferase. S-Substituted N-tert-butyloxycarbonyl-L-cysteines were
      coupled with puromycin aminonucleoside using dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and N
      hydroxysuccinimide. Removal of the t-Boc blocking group with anhydrous
      trifluoroacetic acid gave the desired puromycin analogues. Kinetic studies
      indicate that the nonaromatic aminoacyl analogues of puromycin are effective
      substrates for the peptidyl transferase reaction. In addition, the discovery of
      the existence of hydrophilic character beyond the region normally occupied by
      hydrophobic amino acid R groups of the aminoacyladenyl termini of tRNA molecules,
      and the proper exploitation of this information, has provided the first active
      purmoycin analogue possessing a hydrophilic amino acid.

PMID- 691005
TI  - Comparative analysis of the cytotoxicity of substituted [phenylglyoxal bis(4
      methyl-3-thiosemicarbazone)] copper(II) chelates. 2. Parabolic correlations and
      their implications for selective toxicity.
AB  - The synthesis of an extended series of para-substituted [phenylglyoxal bis(4
      methyl-3-thiosemicarbazone)] copper(II) chelates is reported. Subsequent
      biological evaluation and regression analysis have been performed, correlating
      pI50 with extrathermodynamic substituent parameters. Parabolic correlations with
      pi have resulted which predict optimum lipophilic character of the para
      substituent with respect to Ehrlich ascites cytotoxicity (pi0 = -2.13) and with
      respect to ascites vs. liver slice cytotoxicity (pi0 = -1.31). Results indicated
      clearly that the chelate most toxic to the tumor cell model may not be the most
      selective.

PMID- 691006
TI  - Drugs derived from cannabinoids. 7. Tachycardia and analgesia structure-activity
      relationships in delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol and some synthetic analogues.
AB  - delta9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (delta9-THC) and eight other synthetic analogues were
      found to induce a dose-related increase in heart rate in the conscious Wistar
      rat. Ina comparison of tachycardia with analgesic activity (mouse hot-plate and
      antiwrithing tests) it was found that the water-soluble ester derivatives of 2a,
      1-hydroxy-3-(3-methyl-2-octyl)-6,6,9-trimethyl-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6H
      dibenzo(b,d)pyran (DMHP), had the least potency for tachycardia and the greatest
      potency for analgesia. These findings suggest that these compounds may have
      promise as therapeutic agents.

PMID- 691007
TI  - Potential antitumor agents. Synthesis, reactivity, and cytoxicity of alpha
      methylene carbonyl compounds.
AB  - The alpha-methylene lactones 9, 12, 21, and 24 were prepared by a mild,
      convenient alpha-methylenation process using the alpha-ethyloxalyl derivatives in
      nonoptimized yields ranging from 23 to 90%. The rates of reaction of these and
      several other lactones with cysteine at pH 7.4 and their KB toxicities were
      measured. These studies showed that neither the strained trans-fused alpha
      methylene lactone 12 nor the hydroxy-alpha-methylene lactones 5 and 6 reacted
      with cysteine with rates comparable to elephantopin. Based on these limited
      studies, the rate of cysteine addition appears to be relatively insensitive to
      changes in strain energy and neighboring groups. In addition, the rate constant
      for reaction with cysteine did not correlate with cytotoxicity.

PMID- 691008
TI  - Antitumor agents 32. Synthesis and antitumor activity of cyclopentenone
      derivatives related to helenalin.
AB  - Several new cyclopentenones related to helenalin have been synthesized as
      potential alkylating antitumor agents. The procedure involved the transformation
      of 2-methyl-2-carbethoxycyclopentanone (2) to an ethylene ketal 3, bromination of
      3 followed by dehydrobromination to yield a ketal olefin 5, reduction of 5 to the
      alcohol 6, conversion of 6 to the corresponding hydroxycyclopentenone 7, and
      estrification of 7 to afford the cyclopentenone esters 8--11. Biological assays
      indicated that only cyclopentenones possessing a conjugated ester side chain,
      such as 9 and 10, demonstrated significant in vitro cytotoxicity against the
      growth of tissue culture cells originating from human epidermoid carcinoma of the
      larynx (H.Ep.-2) as well as in vivo antitumor activity in Walker 256
      carcinosarcoma in rats and P-388 lymphocytic leukemia in mice.

PMID- 691009
TI  - In vitro antiplaque properties of a series of alkyl bis(biguanides).
AB  - A series of eight alkyl bis(biguanide) analogues of alexidine, N,N''''-1,6
      hexanediyl bis[N'-(2-ethylhexyl)imidodicarbonimidic diamide] (1), was prepared.
      Five of these analogues constituted a series isolipophilic with 1 but with
      varying bridge length between biguanide moieties. The compounds were evaluated in
      vitro for antibacterial and antiplaque properties against Streptococcus mutans,
      Actinomyces viscosus, and Actinomyces naesludii. One analogue, N N,''''-1,6
      hexanediyl bis[N'(n-octyl)imidodicarbonimidic diamide], appeared to be more
      effective than either 1 or chlorhexidine against this spectrum of dental plaque
      forming microorganisms.

PMID- 691010
TI  - 8-Carboxy-6-sulfamyldibenz[b,f][1,4]oxazepines and -thiazepines as potential high
      ceiling diuretics.
AB  - The synthesis of several 8-carboxy-6-sulfamyldibenz[b,f][1,4]oxazepines and 
      thiazepines is described. The results of diuretic screening lend support to the
      thesis that activity is strongly dependent on the conformational mobility of 4
      substituents in the 3-amino-5-sulfamylbenzoic acids.

PMID- 691011
TI  - Field studies of systemic insecticides. V. Evaluation of seven organophosphate
      compounds for flea control on native rodents and rabbits in southeastern New
      Mexico1,2.

PMID- 691012
TI  - A case of urogenital myiasis caused by a species of Megaselia (Diptera:
      Phoridae).

PMID- 691013
TI  - The assessment of pain in advanced cancer.
AB  - This is one of a group of papers read at the London Medical Group conference of
      "Pain: a necessity?",' which was held in Charing Cross Hospital Medical School,
      London in February 1978. Dr Twycross argues that complete assessment implies the
      ability not only to make a diagnosis but also to initiate appropriate treatment.
      Describing the site, severity and quality of the pain is only the first step. A
      doctor needs to: 1) Be aware of the range of diagnostic possibilities 2)
      Appreciate the influences of non-physical factors such as mood and morale 3) Be
      aware of the range of treatemnt options 4) Establish realistic objectives with
      the patient 5) Reassess at appropriate intervals to review treatment, monitor
      side-effects, and develop and maintain a good working relationship with the
      patient.

PMID- 691014
TI  - The value of clinics for the relief of chronic pain.
AB  - This paper is another of the papers presented at a conference on Pain organised
      under the auspices of the London Medical Group. Mark Swerdlow deals with the work
      of pain relief clinics and explores their value. He gives the background as to
      what these clinics are, describes who is treated, how they are staffed and
      finally offers his opinion as to their effectiveness.

PMID- 691015
TI  - The place of pain in human experience.
AB  - In this last of our selection of papers from the London Medical Group Conference
      on Pain, Gilbert Lewis, through his experiences of living in New Guinea describes
      to us the various rites, rituals and uses of pain in societies other than our
      own. He outlines, by example, how what often seems the natural behaviour to us
      for helping a sufferer in fact, can make matters far worse for other peoples.
      Although different societies approach the problem of pain from many routes the
      aim of all is to relieve pain for the sufferers. If the sufferer says he feels
      relief then that is surely what counts.

PMID- 691016
TI  - Psychiatry as ideology in the USSR.
AB  - This paper was given as a talk at the Venice Biennale on 9 December 1977. It was
      part of a symposium on "The Freedom of Science--Problems of Science of Scientists
      in Eastern Europe". Dr Bloch details some of the problems of psychiatry and its
      vulnerability to improper use and thus the dilemmas which must ensue in day to
      day practice. He looks at psychiatry in the USSR and the system within which
      Soviet psychiatrists must work. The Communist Party and career advancement for
      psychiatrists would appear to be closely related and it is suggested that, in all
      probability, the majority of psychiatrists are as perturbed at the misuse of
      their profession as their Western colleagues, but act compliantly out of fear.
      Severe punishments have been imposed on those psychiatrists who have dared to
      speak out against the regime and the system as operated. Dr Bloch concludes by
      urging Western psychiatrists to do all they can to help their Soviet colleagues
      to initiate a return to an independent and automous psychiatric profession.

PMID- 691017
TI  - Bisexuality and the problem of its social acceptance.
AB  - Professor Austin explores four main areas in this paper. First of all he outlines
      the physical development of sex differentiation in the embryo. He develops this
      by describing the clinical manifestations of abnormality which can appear at that
      stage. Professor Austin points out that there are relatively few people with
      abnormalities and that those who do show homosexual tendencies are not noticeably
      different from the norm in terms of their sexual equipment and hormone levels. It
      is much more likely that their psychological and social development has a greater
      influence in differentiating them sexually. The last section of the paper is a
      synopsis of society's reactions to homosexuality or bisexuality which term in
      Professor Austin's opinion is more accurate and descriptive of the condition.

PMID- 691018
TI  - On children and proxy consent.
AB  - The meaning of valid proxy consent for children has recently been the subject of
      an important debate between Richard McCormick and Paul Ramsey on the ethics of
      experimenting with children. Ramsey is willing to agree with McCormick that
      parental consent for a child to undergo some medical procedure is valid only if
      parents consider what the child would consent to if he could. But beyond this,
      Ramsey has a fundamentally different conception of the child from McCormick, and
      therefore gives a very different interpretation to this standard for valid proxy
      consent. In Ramsey's view, McCormick's basic mistake is to think of the child as
      a small adult, thereby overlooking the child's peculiar vulnerabilities and
      needs. In particular, McCormick fails to attend to the child's needs for
      "preservation in life and healthful growth". In this paper, the author pursues
      Ramsey's suggestion that a correct analysis of valid proxy consent for children
      would replace the "language of consent" with the "language of need". He does this
      by sketching a theory of parenthood that rests on two central notions: that of
      primary goods, as found in the writing of John Rawls, and that of autonomy.

PMID- 691019
TI  - Teaching medical ethics: University of Edinburgh.

PMID- 691020
TI  - Vocation.

PMID- 691022
TI  - Continuing the debate--the role of the medical ethicist.

PMID- 691021
TI  - After the first death, there is no other.

PMID- 691023
TI  - Mental disease.

PMID- 691024
TI  - Academic and personal predictors of clinical success in medical school.
AB  - Admissions interview data and college academic credentials of five classes of
      University of Missouri-Columbia medical students were evaluated as possible
      predictors of clinical success. Those students who were judged by admissions 
      interviewers to have high levels of maturity, nonacademic achievement motivation
      or rapport were approximately two to three times as likely to receive outstanding
      internship recommendations as those without such personal characteristics. Under
      graduate grade-point average had a smaller but nevertheless significant
      relationship with clinical success as measured by internship letters. These data
      suggest that additional emphasis during selection upon applicants' personal
      characteristics would have enhanced the clinical success of these students.

PMID- 691025
TI  - A problem-based criterion-referenced examination of clinical competence.
AB  - A model has been developed for a problem-based criterion-referenced test of
      clinical competence. The model, designed to increase the reliability and validity
      of traditional final year examinations for medical students, aims to provide a
      profile of student performance over a range of defined competence categories. The
      level of competence has been referenced to that expected of an intern. Both the
      content of the examination and the selection of test methods are based on patient
      problem blueprints which identify key areas that require testing. The content and
      test methods were incorporated, as appropriate, into either th;e written section
      or the practical section of the examination. The approach was found to be
      feasible and acceptable to staff and students.

PMID- 691026
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of academic frustration syndrome.
AB  - A random sample of medical students was compared with others who were unable to
      cope with unanticipated academic frustration. The noncoping students demonstrated
      higher levels of debilitating anxiety and lower levels of facilitating anxiety
      while their perceptions of locus of control tended to be more extreme. No
      difference was found in study habits and attitudes. Techniques of attribution
      therapy and desensitization in the counseling of these students proved to be
      effective in improving coping behavior in six of seven cases.

PMID- 691027
TI  - French medical education: years of change.
AB  - In the 1960s medical education in France underwent major changes after nearly a
      quarter-century of efforts by a few leaders. The reforms were supported by
      students, externs, and interns but generally were opposed by hospital staff and
      administration and by those in organized medicine. Following student unrest in
      the late 1960s and evolving medical education in France and elsewhere in the
      western world, a new series of changes was introduced, several perhaps of more
      far-reaching consequence than those of the prior decade. Reviewed here is the
      impact on French medical education of the expansion in numbers of medical schools
      and students, introduction of a competitive examination to select students whose
      numbers are a function of the number of teaching hospital beds available, and
      governmental plans to effect a 20 percent reduction in the number of medical
      students by 1980.

PMID- 691028
TI  - Teaching occupational health to physicians.
AB  - A comprehensive training program for physicians interested in occupational health
      is presented. The objectives are to prepare students to identify and prevent
      occupational disease, with an emphasis on the development of a public health
      perspective. Seven content areas are described: epidemiology and biostatistics,
      toxicology, industrial hygiene, safety and ergonomics, policy issues,
      administration, and clinical aspects. These are organized in a matrix to provide
      appropriate levels of training for medical students, resident physicians, and
      general practioners as well as physicians seeking specialty training.

PMID- 691029
TI  - Utilization of psychiatry in a primary care center.
AB  - The pattern of use of psychiatry over a 12-month period in a university-based
      primary care center is reported. Interest in pursuing careers in family practice
      and amount of time spent in the center were related to seeking consultation. All
      nurse practitioners and social workers sought psychiatric consultations. The
      majority of patients received care for their psychiatric problems by their
      primary care clinicians after consultation rather than being referred to a
      traditional psychiatric clinic.

PMID- 691030
TI  - The community mental health center as a setting for a psychiatry junior
      clerkship.
AB  - The implementation of a psychiatric outpatient experience for a first class of
      junior medical students in a nonmedical model community mental health clinic is
      presented. The advantages and disadvantages of exposing students to a community
      oriented, rather than a medical-center-oriented, treatment system are discussed
      in some detail. Differences between the two settings of particular import were
      the stress placed by the clinic upon team decision-making, diffuse responsibility
      for client care, a somewhat antimedical orientation, and treatment of clients
      whose complaints are more often "problems of living" rather than of psychiatric
      illness. It is felt that the positive aspects of such an exposure outweigh the
      negative ones and that by careful planning many of the potential drawbacks of
      such a setting for a psychiatric outpatient rotation can be successfully avoided.

PMID- 691031
TI  - Identification of rural-background applicants by the talent identification
      program of WMAHEC.

PMID- 691032
TI  - The value of health screening in medical education.

PMID- 691033
TI  - Genetic associate training program.

PMID- 691034
TI  - Pediatricians' attitudes toward pediatric nurse practitioners in South Carolina.

PMID- 691035
TI  - The Bakke decision.

PMID- 691036
TI  - Premedical advising.

PMID- 691037
TI  - Continuing medical education.

PMID- 691038
TI  - Community medicine.

PMID- 691039
TI  - Ionic permeability of sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles measured by light
      scattering method.
AB  - The volume change of sarcoplasmic retriculum vesicles was followed by measuring
      the light scattering intensity. When the salt concentration of the suspension of
      sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles was increased by using a stopped flow apparatus,
      the light scattering intensity rapidly increased at the beginning and then
      decreased. The fast increase in the light scattering intensity is caused by the
      decrease of the volume of sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles due to the outflow of
      water. The following decrease in the light scattering intensity is caused by the
      increase of the volume due to the inflow of the solutes and water. From the
      former and the latter rates, the permeation times of water and the solutes could
      be calculated, respectively. According to the same method, permeation times of
      various salts were determined. The rate of the inflow of the salts was dependent
      on the movement of the slower ions, that is, ions move as a pair. In the case of
      potassium salts, an increase in the permeation rate of the salts was observed
      when valinomycin was added to the membrane suspensions. From these experiments,
      as a measure of permeability, half permeation times of various ions and molecules
      were determined. The following are typical results: water 0.1, Li+ 36, Na+ 26,
      K+20, Rb+ 16, Cl- 0.4, methanesulfonate 20, phosphate 10.5, oxalate 40 in seconds
      at room temperature. As a whole, sarcoplasmic reticulum was found to be an anion
      permeable membrane.

PMID- 691040
TI  - On the red blood cell Ca2+-pump: an estimate of stoichiometry.
AB  - Efflux of Ca2+ from reversibly hemolyzed human red blood cells ghosts was
      determined by a Ca2+ selective electrode, by atomic absorption spectroscopy, and
      by the use of 45Ca. Hydrolysis of ATP was determined by measurement of inorganic
      phosphate (Pi). At 25 degrees C, ghosts loaded with CaCl2, MgCl2, Na2ATP, and
      Tris buffer (pH 7.4) extruded Ca2+, with mean rates ranging from 58.8 +/- 3.5
      (SD) to 74.7 +/- 8.2 (SD) mumoles.liter ghosts -1.min-1 depending on the method
      of Ca2+ determination. The ratio of Ca2+ transport to Pi released in the presence
      of ouabain without correction for background ATP splitting was 0.83, 0.83, and
      0.80, respectively, for the three methods of Ca2+ determination. Correction for
      the ATPase activity not associated with Ca2+ transport resulted in a ratio of
      0.91:1. In other experiments, the use of La3+ to inhibit the Ca2+-pump allowed an
      estimate of the ATPase activity associated with Ca2+ extrusion. In the presence
      of various concentrations of La3+, the ratio of Ca2+ pumped to Pi liberated was
      0.86 or 1.02, depending on the method of Ca2+ determination. It is concluded that
      the stoichiometry of the Ca2+-pump of the RBC plasma membrane is one Ca2+ pumped
      per ATP hydrolyzed.

PMID- 691041
TI  - Freeze-fracturing of biological material with a new specimen table.
AB  - The freeze-fracturing of various biological material is described with the aid of
      a modified Balzers specimen table. The advantages of this table are easier and
      faster handling of the specimens and a better thermal contact between the
      specimen and the cold stage.

PMID- 691042
TI  - A convenient method to remove lipid contamination from freeze fracture replicas.

PMID- 691043
TI  - Distribution of membrane thickness determined by lineal analysis.
AB  - The expected statistical distributions of intercept length are derived in terms
      of geometrical probability density functions pertaining to plates with known
      thickness penetrated by lines with random orientation. These expressions provide
      arithmetic and graphical solutions for obtaining distributions of membrane
      thickness and reciprocal membrane thickness from empirical distributions of
      intercept lengths. Furthermore, general relationships between probability density
      functions of distributions of intercept length and membrane thickness are derived
      as well as those between their moments. Examples of the application of the method
      to biological samples are given, and estimated distributions of glomerular
      basement membrane thickness are compared to those obtained by an independent,
      direct method. Various sources of bias, which in practice may occur due to
      departures from the sample model, are discussed and the influence of some of them
      is estimated. The knowledge of the probability density function of reciprocal
      intercepts makes it possible to perform a correction of the distribution of
      measured intercept length, which to some extent eliminates bias.

PMID- 691044
TI  - Subunit composition of the membrane glycoprotein complex of Semliki Forest virus.

PMID- 691045
TI  - Precise localization of the origin of replication in a physical map of HeLa cell
      mitochondrial DNA and isolation of a small fragment that contains it.

PMID- 691047
TI  - Binding of tyrosine, adenosine triphosphate and analogues to crystalline tyrosyl
      transfer RNA synthetase.

PMID- 691046
TI  - Nucleoprotein organization of inverted repeat DNA transcripts in heterogeneous
      nuclear RNA-ribonucleoprotein particles from HeLa cells.

PMID- 691048
TI  - Sequence regularities and packing of collagen molecules.

PMID- 691049
TI  - Thermodynamic analysis of transfer RNA unfolding.

PMID- 691050
TI  - Thermodynamics of base interaction in (A)n and (A.U)n.

PMID- 691051
TI  - Sequence organisation analysis of the wheat and rye genomes by interspecies
      DNA/DNA hybridisation.

PMID- 691052
TI  - The statistics of superhelicity.

PMID- 691053
TI  - Covalent attachment of polydeoxythymidylic acid to human erythrocytes.

PMID- 691054
TI  - Shape and flexibility of the myosin molecule.

PMID- 691055
TI  - Gelation of sickle cell hemoglobin. IV. Phase transitions in hemoglobin S gels:
      separate measures of aggregation and solution--gel equilibrium.

PMID- 691056
TI  - On the crystallization of proteins.

PMID- 691057
TI  - Structure of bovine liver rhodanese. I. Structure determination at 2.5 A
      resolution and a comparison of the conformation and sequence of its two domains.

PMID- 691058
TI  - Studies on gene control regions. VII. Effect of 5-bromuracil-substituted lac
      operators on the lac operator-lac repressor interaction.

PMID- 691059
TI  - Creatine kinase. A new crystal form providing evidence of subunit structural
      homogeneity.

PMID- 691060
TI  - Stereochemistry of carbon monoxide binding to myoglobin and hemoglobin.

PMID- 691061
TI  - Crystals of a toxic protein from the venom of the scorpion Centruroides
      sculpturatus Ewing: preparation and preliminary x-ray investigation.

PMID- 691062
TI  - Crystallographic characterization of a principal non-toxic lectin from seeds of
      Ricinus communis.

PMID- 691063
TI  - Assembly of the scaffolding core of bacteriophage T4 preheads.

PMID- 691064
TI  - The ultrastructure of ferritin macromolecules. III. Mineralized iron in ferritin
      is attached to the protein shell.

PMID- 691065
TI  - The relationship of a monoamine fiber system to a somatosensory tectal projection
      in the salamander Ambystoma tigrinum.
AB  - After hemisection of the spinal cord and medulla oblongata, a projection has been
      traced to the inner half of the tectal white of the tiger salamander, using Fink
      Heimer degeneration staining. By microelectrode recording it was found that the
      tectal projection forms a topographic somatosensory map of the contralateral half
      of the body. This map is in register with the overlying retino-tectal visual
      projection. Using the Falck-Hillarp technique, it was found that the
      somatosensory tectal input is associated with yellow-fluorescing 5
      hydroxytryptamine fibers.

PMID- 691066
TI  - Electron microscopy of lysosomal fractions from guinea pig heart.

PMID- 691067
TI  - Ultrastructural alterations in the mitochondrial membranes of ischemic myocardium
      as revealed by freeze-fracture technique.

PMID- 691068
TI  - The fine structure of normal canine atrial myocardium, with particular reference
      to mitochondria.

PMID- 691069
TI  - Lysosomal alterations in ischemic myocardium: result or cause of myocellular
      damage?

PMID- 691070
TI  - The oxygen paradox and the calcium paradox: two facets of the same problem?

PMID- 691071
TI  - Genetic code correlations: amino acids and their anticodon nucleotides.
AB  - The data here show direct correlations between both the hydrophobicity and the
      hydrophilicity of the homocodonic amino acids and their anticodon nucleotides.
      While the differences between properties of uracil and cytosine derivatives are
      small, further data show that uracil has an affinity for charged species.
      Although these data suggest that molecular relationships between amino acids and
      anticodons were responsible for the origin of the code, it is not clear what the
      mechanism of the origin might have been.

PMID- 691072
TI  - The genetic code as a periodic table.
AB  - The contemporary genetic code is reflective of a significant correlation between
      the properties of amino acids and their anticodons in a periodic manner. Almost
      all properties of amino acids showed a greater correlation to anticondonic than
      to codonic dinucleoside monophosphate properties. The polarity and bulkiness of
      amino acid side chains can be used to predict the anticodon with considerable
      confidence. The results are most consistent with predictions of the "direct
      interaction" and "ambiguity reduction" hypotheses for the origin of the genetic
      code.

PMID- 691073
TI  - A measure of the denseness of a phylogenetic network.
AB  - The concept of phylogenetic denseness bears critically on the accuracy of
      evolutionary pathways inferred from experimentally sequenced proteins isolated
      from extant species. In this paper I develop an objective measure, rho, of
      denseness to supplement previous intuitive concepts and which permits one to use
      this concept in comparing the quality of different evolutionary reconstructions.
      This measure is used to examine several published phylogenetic trees: insulin,
      alpha-hemoglobin, beta-hemoglobin, myoglobin, cytochrome c, and the parvalbumin
      family. The paper emphasizes 1) the importance of denseness in accurately
      estimating the number of nucleotide replacements which separate homologous
      sequences when this estimation is made by the method of parsimony, 2) the value
      of this concept in assessing the quality of those estimates, and 3) the use of
      this concept as a biologically practical heuristic method for identifying poorly
      studied regions in a phylogenetic tree, whether or not the tree was obtained by
      the parsimony method.

PMID- 691074
TI  - The evolution of protein sequences by repetitious gene duplication: clostridial
      flavodoxin.
AB  - Internal regularities of amino acid sequences of flavodoxins, FMN-containing, low
      molecular weight flavoproteins, were statistically examined using the minimum
      mutation method. The sequence of Clostridium pasteurianum flavodoxin shows
      statistically significant evidence of repetitious internal gene duplications at
      different levels of structure. Peptide pairs with a low chance probabilitiy of
      occurrence were frequently observed at a shift of 5 residues. The pairs with the
      lowest chance probabilities are a pair of heptapeptides at positions39--45 vs. 44
      -50, a 5 residue shift (p = 9 x 10(-6)). Most of the related pairs are consistent
      and could best be explained by the repeating pentapeptide sequence: (Lys-Gly-Ala
      Asp-Val-)n and appropriate gaps. Internal repetitions with longer shifts were
      also suggested for other flavodoxins. Repetitious gene duplication is proposed
      for the early stages of flavodoxin evolution.

PMID- 691075
TI  - Archaebacteria.
AB  - Experimental work published elsewhere has shown that the Archaebacteria encompass
      several distinct subgroups including methanogens, extreme halophiles, and various
      thermoacidophiles. The common characteristics of Archaebacteria known to date are
      these: (1) the presence of characteristic tRNAs and ribosomal RNAs; (2) the
      absence of peptidoglycan cell walls, with in many cases, replacement by a largely
      proteinaceous coat; (3) the occurrence of ether linked lipids built from phytanyl
      chains and (4) in all cases known so far, their occurrence only in unusual
      habitats. These organisms contain a number of 'eucaryotic features' in addition
      to their many bacterial attributes. This is interpreted as a strong indication
      that the Archaebacteria, while not actually eucaryotic, do indeed represents a
      third separate, line of descent as originally proposed.

PMID- 691076
TI  - Non-aerated cultivation of Halobacterium cutirubrum and its effect on cellular
      squalenes.
AB  - Halobacterium cutirubrum was successfully cultivated under aerobic and
      microaerobic conditions. The early stationary phase of growth was obtained at 2.2
      days and 45--55 days for aerated and non-aerated cultures, respectively. The dry
      cell yields were 0.7--1.2 gm/1 in all preparations grown to early stationary
      growth phase. The cellular ratio of squalene to dihydro- and tetra-hydrosqualene
      decreased proportionately with decreased aeration rates.

PMID- 691078
TI  - Neutral changes during divergent evolution of hemoglobins.
AB  - A comparison of the mRNAs for rabbit and human beta-hemoglobins shows that
      synonymous changes in codons have accumulated three times as rapidly as
      nucleotide replacements that produced changes in amino acids. This agrees with
      predictions based on the so-called 'neutral theory'. In addition, seven codon
      changes that appear to be single-base changes (according to 'maximum parsimony')
      are actually two-base changes. This indicates that the construction of
      "primordial sequences" is of limited signficance when based on inferences that
      assume minimum base changes for amino acid replacements.

PMID- 691077
TI  - Phytanyl-glycerol ethers and squalenes in the archaebacterium Methanobacterium
      thermoautotrophicum.

PMID- 691079
TI  - Severe demyelinating diseases in childhood: a clinicopathological study.
AB  - Case reports of six children seen by the author were selected to emphasize that
      severe demyelinating diseases occur in childhood, even if rarely. Cases include
      measles encephalitis, acute and chronic, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis,
      neuromyelitis optica, and multiple sclerosis, confirmed by pathologic findings,
      and, finally, a case of multiple sclerosis in a living child. Emphasis is
      directed to the clinical and pathological findings of demyelinating diseases
      associated with viral encephalitis caused by rubeola and vaccinia viruses.
      Photomicrographs illustrate the principal pathologic findings.

PMID- 691080
TI  - Smoker's lump.
AB  - The purpose of this report is to review personal experience with digital
      palpation of the nasopharynx, particularly as it relates to an apparently
      reversible posterior pharyngeal mass commonly found in patients who are heavy
      smokers.

PMID- 691081
TI  - Medical student attitudes about quality of care and training of minority persons.
AB  - Ninety-five first year medical students agreed that there was differential
      medical treatment of minority vs majority persons. Implicated reasons for this
      phenomenon were lack of personal treatment of members of minorities, distrust of
      medical workers by minority members, and majority perceptions that minority
      persons are not good patients. Integrated treatment and training facilities,
      preferential academic treatment, special training for majority students, and
      philosophy of medical care are discussed in terms of improving medical care for
      all.

PMID- 691082
TI  - Sarcoidosis: multiple chest manifestations.
AB  - The multiple roentgenographic appearances of pulmonary sarcoidosis, a well-known
      systemic granulomatous disease of undetermined etiology, are presented. The
      findings in the chests of 350 patients with diagnosis of Boeck sarcoid confirms
      the usual and unusual manifestations which have been described in the past.(1,2)

PMID- 691083
TI  - Complications of groin hernia repair: their prevention and management.
AB  - An estimated overall complication rate of approximately ten percent is found in
      the half million patients who annually undergo groin hernia repair in the United
      States. Certain features in the operative technique are emphasized which should
      prevent many of these complications.Intraoperative complications during the groin
      hernia repair are primarily hemorrhage and injury to the vas deferens, the three
      nerves in the area, the vascular supply of the testis, and the abdominal and
      pelvic viscera. Miscellaneous intraoperative complications relate to problems
      associated with the repair of massive hernias, missed hernia, and the loss of
      strangulated bowel into the abdominal cavity.Early postoperative complications
      may be either systemic or local with cardiac and respiratory conditions
      comprising the former group. The early local complications are primarily wound
      problems of infection, hematoma formation, and scrotal swelling involving the
      skin and testis. High ligation in excision of the sac in all hernias, repair of
      the defect in the plane of its occurrence, and suture of fascia to fascia in the
      same plane without tension are the basic tenets of inguinal hernia repair which
      should result in a low incidence of recurrence.The most effective prophylactic
      measures necessary for the prevention of complications considered are a thorough
      knowledge of inguinofemoral anatomy, mature surgical judgment, and meticulous
      surgical technique.

PMID- 691084
TI  - Cancer of the tonsil--a retrospective study.
AB  - Treatment of cancer of the tonsil continues to be a controversial matter. A
      review of the otolaryngological literature and a study of 155 patients treated at
      the University of British Columbia reveals that the cure rate remains
      unsatisfactory, particularly in patients with large tumors. We have concluded
      that early carcinoma of the tonsil should be treated with a full course of
      radiotherapy reserving surgical treatment for residual or recurrent disease.
      Advanced carcinoma of the tonsil requires planned combined therapy. Early results
      indicate that the addition of chemotherapy may significantly improve results over
      the usual combination of radiotherapy and surgery.

PMID- 691085
TI  - Laryngeal granuloma secondary to gastro--esophageal reflux.
AB  - Approximately 60 per cent of patients with gastro-esophageal reflux have symptoms
      related to aspiration of acid and/or bile into the airway. Though many instances
      of lower airway involvement have been well documented, no mass lesion secondary
      to gastro-esophageal reflux involving the larynx has ever been demonstrated
      clinically. The purpose of this presentation is to define a recurrent granuloma
      of the posterior two-thirds of the left vocal cord, which appeared the result of
      gastro-esophageal reflux, including both bile and acid content. The relationship
      between the laryngeal granuloma and the gastro-esophageal reflux was both
      clinical and pathological; in particular, the histology of the lesion with its
      intact mucous membrane appeared virtually identical to that found in active
      reflux esophagitis.

PMID- 691086
TI  - The diagnosis of melanotic and other pigmented lesions of the lips and oral
      mucosa (dark spots in the mouth).
AB  - Pigmented lesions of the oral mucosa may be due to collections of blood, metallic
      particles of melanin. Any of these substances will appear of a blue tinge if at
      any depth in the tissues, while superficial collections may be red, black or
      brown respectively. Lesions associated with blood will be hematomas, dilated
      veins, hemangiomas or telangiectases. Metallic particles are found in amalgam
      tattoos. Melanotic pigmentation may occur as a normal variation, following
      hormonal disturbance and inflammation, and sometimes iatrogenically. Benign and
      malignant melanoma of the oral cavity is highly lethal. 25% of malignant
      melanomas in this site present as nondescript brown spots, and isolated broid
      overlooking an early malignant melanoma.

PMID- 691087
TI  - Oncocytic lesions of the larynx.
AB  - Eight cases of laryngeal oncocytic lesions treated at Toronto Western Hospital
      between 1957 and 1977 are reviewed. The typical clinical course was of a benign
      lesion with prolonged dysphonia. A smaller number with bulkier lesions developed
      symptoms of airway obstruction. The lesions were supraglottic and cystic. They
      were excised either endoscopically or via a laryngofissure. The pathologic
      features support the concept that the lesion represents a metaplasiahyperplasia,
      and therefore the term 'oncocytic cyst' is preferred to terms which imply a
      neoplastic process. Three patients with oncocytic cysts had associated squamous
      dysplasia of the vocal cord. Pathologically this supports the theory of tissue
      response to chronic irritation, since all three were heavy smokers. Clincially
      the finding necessitates longterm follow-up with a view to possible squamous cell
      carcinoma that may arise on the true cords. Follow-up in this series showed no
      recurrence of symptoms in six of eight cases, two being lost to follow-up.

PMID- 691088
TI  - Congenital tracheal web--a case report.
AB  - Congenital tracheal webs are rare. This report involves an eight year old girl
      presenting with a six year history of frequent colds, wheezing, and dyspnea in
      whom the tracheal web was successfully excised after failure of bronchoscopic
      dilation. Tracheal embryology is briefly reviewed and tracheal stenoses are
      classified. A history of recurrent chest infection and finding of stridor are the
      chief of recurrent chest infection and the finding of stridor are the chief
      features ot his lesion. Lateral chest roentgenogram, tracheal tomography, and
      bronchoscopy are useful in establishing the diagnosis.

PMID- 691089
TI  - [Nasotracheal intubation and tracheostomy in acute epiglottitis and
      laryngotracheal bronchitis].
AB  - Acute infectious respiratory distress in children has known different modalities
      of treatment during these past few years, but controversy remains between
      tracheostomy and naso-tracheal intubation as ways to cope with the problem. This
      study, which was undertaken at St. Justine's Hospital in Montreal, reports our
      complications with the two methods and shows that non-fatal complications are
      about the same but less serious with naso-tracheal intubation, whereas mortality
      was 3.2% with tracheostomy and 0% with naso-tracheal intubation. These results
      entitle us to think that naso-tracheal intubation is the treatment which should
      be used. This study also reviews different incidence in regards to age, sex, and
      seasonal prevalence between croup and epiglottitis and also compares the duration
      of hospital care between the two modalities.

PMID- 691090
TI  - The ipsilateral acoustic impedance artifact and Rayleigh's radiation pressure.
AB  - This paper refutes the proposition that the ipsilateral acoustic impedance
      artifact is due to the effects of the radiation pressure of the stimulus sound
      field.

PMID- 691091
TI  - Surgery of the turbinates.
AB  - It appears that a variety of surgical techniques are available to safely decrease
      the size of hyperplastic inferior turbinates; when used properly in appropriate
      patients they can provide significant improvement in the symptoms of chronic
      nasal obstruction.

PMID- 691092
TI  - Pathology and correction of the stenosed nasal vestibule.
AB  - Stenosis of the nasal vestibule is a frequent cause of nasal obstruction. An
      anatomical study of the region will enable one to understand the physiopathology
      of the stenosis of the floor of the vestibule which frequently accompanies septal
      deformities in the premaxilla region, or which occurs after septal surgery. The
      correction of this circumferential stenosis has been handled satisfactorily by
      the use of a "Z" plasty of the floor of the vestibule. Pertinent anatomical
      material, schematic drawings, and clinical cases are presented.

PMID- 691093
TI  - Tympanoplasty grafting and ossicular reconstruction.
AB  - Tympanoplasty is a surgical procedure that has been used in various modifications
      for the last 25 years for chronic ear disease. The goals of tympanoplasty are to
      control the infection and at the same time to restore the ear to a more normal
      state with the hope of improving hearing.

PMID- 691094
TI  - Malignant squamous papillomatosis of the mastoid.
AB  - Benign squamous papilloma of the external ear is rarely reported in the
      literature. This paper describes the occurrence of an extensive benign squamous
      papillomatosis of the mastoid that showed an apparent malignant transformation
      with fatal results to the patient.

PMID- 691095
TI  - Sinogenic and otogenic brain abscesses--a review of 63 cases occurring at Toronto
      General Hospital, 1956-75.
AB  - Sixty-three cases of brain abscess resulting from ear and paranasal sinus
      infections were reviewed. These patients were seen at the Toronto General
      Hospital from 1956-1965 and from 1969-1975. Comparisons are made relating to
      site, age and sex incidence, mortality rates, bacteriology, and rate of
      associated meningitis. Modern diagnostic methods are reviewed with particular
      emphasis on the use of the C.T. scanner.

PMID- 691096
TI  - The pathogenesis, differential diagnosis, and treatment of malignant otitis
      externa.
AB  - Three cases of malignant external otitis with varied clinical causes are
      presented. It is most important to suspect the condition in any diabetic who has
      external otitis refractory to the usual treatment. Once the diagnosis is made,
      aggressive medical management is imperative to prevent progression of the
      disease.

PMID- 691097
TI  - Sudden bilateral hearing loss and meningitis in adults.
AB  - Sudden profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss is a serious complication of
      bacterial meningitis. With high dosage Dexamethasone it is possible to halt, and,
      in some instances, to reverse the progression of the hearing loss. The efficacy
      of treatment depends upon early diagnosis. Hearing may worsen upon steroid
      cessation and low dosage oral steroid may be required for several months. The
      eventual hearing loss may be considerably worse than anticipated. Two cases
      illustrating differing aspects of the disease are described.

PMID- 691098
TI  - Paroxysmal positional vertigo--a study of 255 cases.
AB  - The clinical and electronystagmographic findings of 255 patients with paroxysmal
      positional vertigo are presented. We believe the disorder should be diagnosed on
      the basis of the history and clinical findings since we did not find any
      characteristic electronystagmographic findings other than the recording of an
      actual attack. Our observations lead us to believe that there is only one type of
      attack. We conclude that the nystagmus which occurs during the attack is
      generated by stimulation of the posterior semicircular canal of the lowermost
      ear.

PMID- 691099
TI  - Surgery of the facial nerve.
AB  - Microsurgical technique and new temporal bone operative procedures have
      revolutionized surgery of the facial nerve. The purpose of this paper is to
      describe the diagnostic evaluation of the patient with a facial paralysis
      including topographic site of lesion studies. Surgical techniques for exposing
      the facial nerve from the internal auditory canal to the stylomastoid foramen are
      discussed in detail.

PMID- 691100
TI  - [Electrophysiological evaluation of facial paralysis].
AB  - The purpose of this article is to present a new electrophysiological evaluation
      method to study facial nerve function. This technique studies the afferent
      sensory pathways and the efferent motor fibres. The study of the various
      parameters of those two functions allows us to draw certain conclusions relating
      to the prognosis and localization of facial nerve lesions.

PMID- 691101
TI  - Drawing: a universal language.
AB  - The authors insist on the importance of drawing through the centuries to recall
      ways of life. They try to pinpoint the utility of drawing in this day and age,
      making perioperative drawing reports concise and clear with a few lines. Basic
      sketches are explained and illustrated.

PMID- 691102
TI  - Abnormal facial appearance and delayed diagnosis of congenital hearing loss.
AB  - Congenital hearing loss occurs in association with cranio-facial anomalies. Lay
      people and health professionals as well frequently regard individuals with cranio
      facial anomalies as "stupid" or of lower than normal intelligence because of
      their odd appearance. Two case reports illustrate that this erroneous assumption
      will result in the delayed detection of significant hearing loss.

PMID- 691103
TI  - Juvenile laryngeal papilloma displaying malignant degeneration--a
      spectrophotometric investigation.
AB  - Spontaneous malignant degeneration of juvenile laryngeal papilloma in the absence
      of radiotherapy is exceedingly rare, and few such cases have been reported. The
      patient reported here, now a woman of 48, has been suffering from recurrent
      juvenile laryngeal papilloma since she was 13. During the last six years the
      papillomas have displayed increasing atypia and have spread to the trachea and
      the bronchus of the right inferior lobe. Recent specimens from the trachea are
      strongly suggestive of micro-invasive squamous cell carcinoma. The slides from
      various periods have been reviewed and submitted to spectrophotometric
      examination to determine the nuclear DNA content and area. For the purpose of
      comparison, measurements have also been performed on normal squamous vocal cord
      epithelium, on two juvenile papillomas without atypia, and on one "adult
      papilloma" with severe atypia. The nuclear DNA absorbance recorded in the patient
      in question was initially comparable with those for the typical juvenile
      papillomas and the normal epithelium. The values for the later specimens with
      increasing atypia, especially those from trachea and bronchus, resemble more
      closely those for the "adult papilloma" with severe atypia. The results of the
      spectrophotometric examination are closely consistent with the histological
      findings.

PMID- 691104
TI  - Osteomas of the paranasal sinuses.
AB  - Twenty-eight cases of osteomas of the paranasal sinuses are reviewed. The most
      common localization was the frontal sinus, secondly the ethmoid sinus. Primary
      osteomas of the maxillary and sphenoid sinus are very rare. The most common
      complaint was pain. Clinical examination revealed deformity of the forehead
      and/or face in 13 patients, seven had dislocation of the eyeball as well. In
      eight cases x-ray, including tomography, and operation showed exposed dura. This
      gives a potential risk of intracranial complications, demonstrated by one of our
      patients who had a defect in the dura, and consequently meningitis. Osteomas
      encroaching on neighboring structures should be extirpated, while smaller
      osteomas can be left in place provided that they are controlled regularly.
      Recurrences are rare. When operating we feel that satisfactory cosmetic and
      functional conditions count more than radicality.

PMID- 691105
TI  - Sphenoid mucocele presenting as a pre-pontine mass.
AB  - A patient with sphenoid sinus mucocele presented with destruction of the clivus
      and a pre-pontine mass mimicking a chordoma of the clivus.

PMID- 691106
TI  - New late gene, dar, involved in the replication of bacteriophage T4 DNA. III. DNA
      replicative intermediates of T4 dar and a gene 59 mutant suppressed by dar.
AB  - A mutation in the dar gene of phage T4 restored the arrested DNA synthesis caused
      by the gene 59 mutation. We have studied the DNA replicative intermediates in
      cells infected with a dar mutant and a dar-amC5 (gene 59) mutant by velocity
      sedimentation in neutral and alkaline sucrose gradients. In T4 dar-infected
      cells, compared to the wild type, three kinds of abnormalities were observed in
      DNA replication (i) There were unusually rapidly sedimenting  intermediates
      (800S). (ii) When centrifuged in alkaline gradients, there was less single
      stranded DNA exceeding 1 phage unit. (iii) The rate of repair of DNA
      intermediates was slower. It has been proposed by others that the 200S DNA
      replicative intermediates are required for DNA packaging, but our results showed
      that the 800S DNA of dar does not have to be converted into the 200S form to
      undergo conversion to mature viral DNA. Therefore, 200S DNA may not be an
      obligatory intermediate for mature viral DNA formation. In amC5 (gene 59)
      infected cells, the DNA was completely converted 2 to 3 min after intiation of
      replication to the biologically inactive 63S DNA, and DNA synthesis was
      concomitantly arrested. However, in dar-am-C5 (gene 59)-infected cells, the
      formation of abnormal 63S DNA did not occur and 200S DNA appeared instead. An
      endonucleolytic activity, normally associated with the cell membrane and capable
      of making double-stranded cuts, was found in the cytoplasm of T4 dar-infected
      cells. Because the total activity of this endonuclease is the same for both wild
      type T4D and the dar mutant, it seems unlikely that the dar protein has
      endonucleolytic activity itself. However, the finding does explain the abnormal
      sedimentation of dar DNA intermediates (800S) as well as the proposed suppression
      mechanism of the gene 59 mutation.

PMID- 691107
TI  - RNA associated with murine intracisternal type A particles codes for the main
      particle protein.
AB  - Intracisternal type A particles were isolated from MOPC-104E myeloma grown
      subcutaneously and from N 4 neuroblastoma cells in culture. Polyadenylated RNA
      was prepared from the particles and tested in a cell-free translation system
      derived from rabbit reticulocytes. RNA from the two sources directed the
      synthesis of multiple polypeptides with similar distributions of electrophoretic
      mobilities in sodium dodecyl sulfate-containing polyacrylamide gels, including
      one conponent of the same size as the major A-particle structural protein (73,000
      daltons). Analysis of the RNAs by electrophoresis in methyl mercury-containing
      agarose gels revealed a 35S component common to A-particles from both cell types.
      This was a major component of the N4 preparations, whereas a 28S species
      predominated in the case of MOPC-104E. These two RNAs (35S from N4 cells and 28S
      from MOPC-104E), when isolated on isokinetic sucrose gradients, each directed the
      synthesis of a 73,000-molecular-weight polypeptide that comigrated on gels with
      authentic A-particle structural protein. Idnetity of the cell-free product was
      confirmed by two-dimensional analysis of the [35S]methionine-labeled tryptic
      peptides. The N4 RNA preparations also contained a major32S component which did
      not code effectively for the A-particle structural protein.

PMID- 691108
TI  - Transcription of adenovirus RNA in permissive and nonpermissive infections.
AB  - The mechanism of blocked replication of human adenoviruses in monkey cells was
      examined. Previous experiments have placed the replicative block at the level of
      transcription of translation of adenovirus mRNA. Coinfection of the monkey cells
      with simian virus 40 enhances adenovirus replication in these cells. We compared
      the adenovirus mRNA transcribed during infection of permissive human cells and
      enhanced and unenhanced monkey cells. Adenovirus mRNA from enhanced monkey cells
      appeared to be identical to adenovirus mRNA from human cells. This indicated that
      simian virus 40 coinfection did not overcome the blocked replication by
      substituting for a missing adenovirus transcript. Comparison of adenovirus mRNA
      from enhanced and unenhanced monkey cell infection revealed two types of
      transcriptional discrepancies. There was a decrease in both the complexity and
      the relative abundance of several regions of the enhanced adenovirus mRNA.
      However, neigher of these transcriptional defects was sufficient to totally
      explain the difference in yield of infectious virus and viral protein seen in
      these two types of infection.

PMID- 691109
TI  - In vitro packaging of bacteriophate T7 DNA synthesized in vitro.
AB  - An in vitro DNA packaging system was used to encapsulate T7 DNA that had been
      synthesized by extracts prepared from gently lysed Escherchia coli infected with
      bacteriophage T7 carrying amber mutations in gene 3 or in both genes 3 and 6.
      Isopycnic centrifugation of density-labeled wild-type DNA was employed in an
      effort to separate product from template; suppressor-free indicator bacteria were
      used to eliminate contributions from endogenous DNA or contaminating phage.
      Additional controls indicated that fragmented DNA is packaged in vitro only with
      very low efficiency and that the frequency of recombination during packaging is
      too low to affect interpretation of these experiments. T7 DNA replicated by
      extracts prepared using T7 mutants deficient in both genes 3 and 6 could be
      packaged in vitro with an efficiency comparable to that found when highly
      purified virion T7 DNA was used. When T7 deficient in the gene 3 endonuclease but
      with normal levels of the gene 6 exonuclease was used, fast-sedimentingconcatemer
      like DNA structures were formed during in vitro DNA synthesis. Electron
      microscopy revealed many branched and highly complex DNA structures formed during
      this reaction. This concatemer-like DNA was encapsulated in vitro with an
      efficiency significantly greater than that found for DNA the length of a single
      T7 genome.

PMID- 691110
TI  - Removal of carbohydrate from influenza A virus and its hemagglutinin and the
      effect on biological activities.
AB  - Treatment of influenza virus and its purified hemagglutining with glycosidases
      from Diplococcus pneumoniae, which included beta-galactosidase, beta-N
      acetylglucosminidase, and endoglycosidase D, released amino and neutral sugars
      from the virus and these as well as large oligosaccharides from the purified
      hemagglutinin. The released glucosamine-containing oligosaccharides were of one
      discrete size. Large oligosaccharides not removed by the glycosidases were found
      on the virus as well as the hemagglutinin. Some oligosaccharides on the virus
      were inaccessible to the enzymes, since they could be removed only from the
      purified hemagglutinin. Approximately 50% of the hemagglutinin carbohydrates
      could be removed without effect on hemagglutinating activity. Similarly, removal
      of 20 to 25% of the carbohydrates from intact virus particles did not alter
      infectivity.

PMID- 691111
TI  - Adsorption and penetration of enveloped and naked vaccinia virus particles.
AB  - The adsorption and penetration of intracellular naked vaccinia virus (INV) and
      extracellular enveloped vaccinia virus (EEV) were examined. The adsorption
      kinetics of INV and EEV were similar, but INV adsorption was found to be more
      sensitive to the adsorption environment than EEV. The PFU-to-particle ratio for
      the two virus particles indicated that EEV was approximately two times as
      infectious as INV. Kinetic studies at 37 degree C showed that EEV penetrated
      cells more rapidly than INV. Penetration of EEV was unaffected by incubation in
      phsophate-buffered saline, but was somewhat reduced by incubation at 22 degree C.
      In contrast, INV penetration was effectively eliminated by incubation in
      phosphate-buffered saline or by incubation at 22 degree C. In addition, INV but
      not EEV pentration was sensitive to treatment with sodium fluoride and
      cytochalasin. B. These results are discussed with regard to the mechanism of INV
      and EEV penetration.

PMID- 691112
TI  - Polypeptide composition of extracellular enveloped vaccinia virus.
AB  - Extracellular enveloped vaccinia (EEV) virus grown in SIRC and in HeLa cells was
      purified by consecutive equilibrium centrifugations in sucrose and cesium
      chloride gradients. A higher degree of purity was obtained with virus material
      prepared in SIRC cells. The polypeptides of purified EEV and INV (intracellular
      naked vaccinia) virus were compared in polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis.
      Three proteins (200,000 molecular weight [200K], 95K, and 13K) detected in HeLa
      derived INV were absent in EEV. In addition, two INV proteins (65K and 30K)
      occurred in reduced concentrations in EEV, white another INV protein (27K) was
      increased in EEV. INV from SIRC cells showed similar alterations of these
      proteins (with the exception of the 30K and 13K proteins). Detergent treatment,
      ether extraction, and Pronase treatment showed that these six proteins are
      located at the surface of INV and are not cecessary for infectivity. Eight
      proteins (210K, 110K, 89K, 42K, 37K, 21.5K, 21K, and 20K) were detected in EEV
      that were absent from inv. Brij-58 treatment was employed to remove the envelope
      from EEV, resulting in the formation of naked particles and an envelope fraction
      which were separated on cesium chloride gradients. The envelope fractions
      contained all eight  proteins. Seven of the eight proteins were glycoproteins,
      with the 37K protein being the only unglycosylated protein. It is concluded that
      a processing of surface INV particle proteins occurs during evelopment. The
      resultant EEV particle is comprised of an INV particle with a modified surface
      composition enclosed in an envelope containing virus-specific proteins unique to
      EEV.

PMID- 691113
TI  - Adenovirus core protein synthesis in the absence of viral DNA synthesis late in
      infection.
AB  - The acid extraction of the adenovirus type 5 core proteins V, VII, and pVII (the
      precursor to VII) from infected cells and the subsequent electrophoresis on a 15%
      acrylamide-2.5 M urea-0.9 N acetic acid (pH 2.7) gel, revealed that peptide VII
      has a similar electrophoretic mobility to that of histone H1. The core proteins,
      which are coded by late adenovirus mRNA, continued to be synthesized late in
      infection when viral DNA synthesis was inhibited either by cytosine arabinoside
      in wild-type infections or by shifting adenovirus H5 ts 125-infected cells to the
      nonpermissive temperature (40 degree C). Only the initiation, not the
      continuation, of viral DNA replication was essential for core protein synthesis.
      The synthesis of viral core proteins continued for over 8 h after the cassation
      of DNA synthesis. This was in contrast to the rapid shutdown of cellular histone
      synthesis in the absence of cellular DNA synthesis.

PMID- 691114
TI  - Defective interfering particles of parvovirus H-1.
AB  - Defective interfering particles of the parvovirus H-1 were produced by serial
      propagation at high multiplicities of infection. Such particles interfere with
      the synthesis of capsid proteins and infectious virus of standard H-1. The
      interference is sensitive to UV irradiation, dependent on the multiplicity of the
      challenge virus, and is active in heterotypic infections against parvovirus H-3
      or LuIII. Defective interfering particle genomes have alterations characterized
      by integral numbers (1 to 10 or more) of a 60-base-pair addition in the
      neighborhood of the origin of replicative-form DNA replication and deletions that
      are located primarily within two regions, 32 to 44 or 80 to 90 on the genome map.
      Some of the implications of these findings are discussed.

PMID- 691115
TI  - Multiple roles for ATP in the synthesis and processing of mRNA by vaccinia virus:
      specific inhibitory effects of adenosine (beta,gamma-imido) triphosphate.
AB  - Adenosine (beta,gamma-imido)triphosphate (AMP-PNP) and guanosine (beta,gamma
      imido)triphosphate (GMP-PNP) are analogs of ATP and GTP with non-hydrolyzable
      gamma-phosphates. Although both AMP-PNP and GMP-PNP were used in place of ATP and
      GTP by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase to transcribe vaccinia virus DNA, only GMP
      PNP was used by the transcriptase present within vaccinia virus cores. AMP-PNP
      specifically prevented initiation of transcription, since RNA initiated in the
      presence of ATP, GTP, and CTP was subsequently elongated by incubating the washed
      cores in the presence of AMP-PNP, GTP, CTP, and UTP. The RNA formed in this
      manner, however, was (i) several times longer than normal transcripts, indicating
      a defect in chain termination and/or cleavage of nascent RNA, (ii) was not
      polyadenylylated (although free polyadenylic acid formed), and (iii) was not
      extruded from the virus cores. Nearest neighbor analysis demonstrated that AMP
      PNP was incorporated adjacent to all four nucleotides, and hybridization to
      restriction endonuclease fragments of vaccinia virus DNA indicated that the high
      molecular-weight RNA was transcribed from representative fractions of the entire
      genome. The possibility of a block in processing rather than or in addition to a
      block in chain termination was suggested by the cleavage of the high-molecular
      weight RNA within the core after replacement of AMP-PNP with ATP. Cleavage of
      purified high-molecular-weight RNA by a soluble endoribonuclease extracted from
      vaccinia virus cores, however, was not dependent upon ATP, nor was it inhibited
      by AMP-PNP. The latter results suggest that AMP-PNP blocks a step preceding
      cleavage.

PMID- 691116
TI  - Isolation and characterization of bacteriophage T4 mutant preheads.
AB  - To determine the function of individual gene products in the assembly and
      maturation of the T4 prehead, we have isolated and characterized aberrant
      preheads produced by mutations in three of the T4 head genes. Mutants in gene 21,
      which codes for the T4 maturation proteases, produce rather stable preheads whose
      morphology and protein composition are consistent with a wild-type prehead
      blocked in the maturation cleavages. Mutants in gene 24 produce similar
      structures which are unstable because they have gaps at all of their icosahedral
      vertices except the membrane attachment site. In addition, greatly elongated
      "giant preheads" are produced, suggesting that in the absence of P24 at the
      vertices, the distal cap of the prehead is unstable, allowing abnormal elongation
      of broth the prehead core and its shell. Vertex completion by P24 is required to
      allow the maturation cleavages to occur, and 24- preheads can be matured to
      capsids in vitro by the addition of P24. Preheads produced by a temperature
      sensitive mutant in gene 23 are deficient in core proteins. We show that the
      shell of these preheads has the expanded lattice characteristic of the mature
      capsid as well as the binding sites for the proteins hoc and soc, even though
      none of the maturation cleavage takes place. We also show that 21- preheads
      composed of wild-type P23 can be expanded in vitro without cleavage.

PMID- 691117
TI  - Structure of native and chloroform-methanol-treated mycobacteriophage R1.
AB  - The morphologies of native and chloroform-methanol-treated mycobacteriophage R1
      were compared by electron microscopy, utilizing three negative stains. R1 was
      determined to be a complex phage. The head appears as an elongated cylinder with
      a pointed end (93 +/- 3 by 42 +/- 3 nm) constructed from an orderly arrangement
      of capsomeres. The phage tail measures 209 +/- 11 by 11 +/- 1 nm and possesses a
      striated surface with two base plates at its distal end. Treatment of R1 with
      chloroform-methanol resulted in disruption of both the head and tail structures
      and was accompanied by loss of infectivity. However, because no likely lipid
      containing structure was observed in native phages, there is the possibility that
      the mechanism of chloroform-methanol inactivation is something other than lipid
      extraction.

PMID- 691118
TI  - Virus-specific RNA synthesis in interferon-treated mouse cells productively
      infected with Moloney murine leukemia virus.
AB  - Mouse cells productively infected with Moloney murine leukemia virus were treated
      with interferon, and intracellular virus-specific RNA was studied by
      hybridization with complementary DNA. The steady-state concentration of virus
      specific RNA in interferon-treated cells was somewhat greater than that in
      untreated cells, and the rates of virus-specific RNA synthesis were approximately
      equal in treated and untreated cells.

PMID- 691120
TI  - Pathology associated with Cryptobia infection in a summer flounder (Paralichthys
      dentatus).
AB  - A laboratory-held summer flounder (Paralichthys dentatus) became moribund and
      presented gross ulcerative and hemorrhagic lesions, concomitant with a space
      occupying lesion in the abdominal cavity and a prolapsed rectum. Edema,
      hemorrhage, and necrosis of the intestine and edema of the stomach wall were
      noted upon post-mortem examination. Microscopic examination revealed large
      numbers of Cryptobia in the submucosa of the gut and in the liver.

PMID- 691119
TI  - Synthesis of a mammalian parvovirus in Brij-58-lysed cells.
AB  - An in vitro system was developed, prepared by lysis of parvovirus LuIII-infected
      cells with Brij-58. In this subcellular system, DNA of viral genome size and
      synthesized and subsequently packaged into particles with physicochemical
      properties of mature LuIII virions.

PMID- 691121
TI  - The prevalence of antibody of antibody to contagious caprine pleuropneumonia
      (Mycoplasma strain F38) in some wild herbivores and camels in Kenya.
AB  - Sera of 11 species of wild herbivores were tested for antibody to Mycoplasma
      strain F38 which causes contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) in Kenya.
      Antibodies were found in buffalo (Syncerus caffer) (32%), impala (Aepyceros
      melampus) (10%) and camels (Camelus dromedarius) (49%) but not in bushbuck
      (Tragelaphus scriptus), eland (Taurotragus oryx), Grant's gazelle (Gazella
      granti), kongoni (Alcelaphus buselaphus cokei), oryx (Oryx beisa), Thomson's
      gazelle (Gazella thomsonii), waterbuck (Kobus defassa) and wildebeest
      (Connochaetus taurinus).

PMID- 691122
TI  - Lungworms in coyotes on the Great Plains.
AB  - A total of 395 coyotes (Canis latrans) was examined in the field for lungworms
      (Filaroides osleri and Capillaria aerophila) with 60 trachea and bronchial trees
      returned to the laboratory for detailed examination. Coyote carcasses were
      obtained from eight central states (Oklahoma, Colorado, Wyoming, Iowa, South
      Dakota, Nebraska, Texas, and three regions of Kansas). Cysts of F. osleri were
      present in the trachea or first division of bronchi of 68 (17%) of the coyotes
      examined. C. aerophila infections were identified during field examinations,
      primarily by the excess mucus in the bronchi, in 151 (38%) coyotes. Nearly 6% of
      the coyotes examined were infected with both lungworm species. A total of 195
      (49%) coyotes had at least one species of lungworm. Filaroides was less frequent
      in Iowa and Kansas; Capillaria infections were present in at least 30% of the
      coyotes examined at all stations.

PMID- 691123
TI  - The January 1977 avian cholera epornitic in northwest California.
AB  - A total of 844 birds were observed dead at three sites in Humboldt County and an
      estimated 6750 birds died at three sites in Del Norte County, California. Coots
      were the primary species affected. The isolation of Pasteurella multocida from a
      snowy egret (Egretta thula) is the first reported case of avian cholera in this
      bird. There was evidence for a distinct sequence in the bird species dying at one
      site; American coots (Fulica americana) appeared to be the first species to die.

PMID- 691124
TI  - Paragonimus westermanni in tigers (Panthera tigris) in India.
AB  - Paragonimus westermanni was found in the lungs of two young tigers (Panthera
      tigris). Cysts were focally distributed in the lungs, initiating an emphysematous
      response together with extensive fibrosis in the vicinity of the cysts.

PMID- 691125
TI  - Tyzzer's disease in muskrats: occurrence in free-living animals.
AB  - Tyzzer's disease was diagnosed in four muskrats (Ondatra zibethica) found dead
      over a 2 month period in a single feed-house in a Saskatchewan marsh. No dead
      animals were found elsewhere in the marsh, although several hundred apparently
      healthy animals were trapped during this period. Similarities in the pathology
      and epizootiology of Tyzzer's and Errington's diseases of muskrats support an
      hypothesis that these diseases are a single entity.

PMID- 691126
TI  - Parasites and diseases of bison in Canada IV. Serologic survey for brucellosis in
      bison in northern Canada.
AB  - Serum samples collected from 2,365 free-roaming hybrid bison (Bison bison bison x
      Bison bison athabascae) in Wood Buffalo National Park and adjacent areas in the
      Northwest Territories were tested for brucellosis during the period 1959 to 1974.
      A positive reaction was obtained in 739 (31.2%) of the animals tested. The
      overall effect of brucellosis on this free-roaming bison population is unknown.
      The authors also dealt with some of the actual and possible consequences of the
      disease in this population.

PMID- 691127
TI  - Mycobacteriosis in mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni) from the Yakima
      River, Washington.
AB  - Mycobacteriosis was found in mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni) taken
      from the Yakima River near Richland, Washington in 1975 and 1976. The disease
      appeared to affect about 8% of the population sampled. Gross lesions were present
      in most visceral organs, but were most common in the kidney, liver and pyloric
      caeca. Microscopically, the lesions consisted of large numbers of macrophages
      containing numerous intracellular bacilli. An organism was isolated and has been
      tentatively classified as Mycobacterium sp., Runyon group III.

PMID- 691128
TI  - Isolation of Edwardsiella tarda from three Oregon sea mammals.
AB  - Edwardsiella tarda was isolated from the peritoneal exudate of a Steller's sea
      lion (Eumetopias jubata) with peritonitis resulting from a perforating colonic
      ulcer; from the liver of a harbor porpoise (Phocena phocena) with metritis and
      peritonitis sequela to dystocia; and from the liver of a California sea lion
      (Zalophus californianus) with peritonitis following fracture and necrosis of a
      lumbar vertebrae. These findings indicate E. tarda is a common opportunistic
      invader in sick or injured marine mammals.

PMID- 691129
TI  - The serologic and cultural prevalence of Leptospira interrogans serovar balcanica
      in possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) in New Zealand.
AB  - In a serologic and cultural survey of 127 brush-tailed possums (Trichosurus
      vulpecula) occupying pasture land in New Zealand, leptospires of the Hebdomadis
      serogroup were obtained from 48 (38%) of the animals sampled. Eight isolates were
      identified by cross-absorption agglutin ation studies as being Leptospira
      interrogans serovar balcanica. There was a marked age difference in prevalence
      with 41 positive cultures from 64 mature adults (64%) and no recoveries being
      made from juveniles. Isolation of leptospires was aided by the use of a new
      technique involving the homogenation of whole kidneys in gamma sterilized plastic
      bags in a "Coleworth Stomacher". The use of this apparatus allowed the processing
      of whole kidneys and the technique was efficient in both the recovery of
      leptospires and the prevention of contamination. In view of the fact that serovar
      balcanica has been recorded previously only in East Europe in man, cattle and
      pigs, the high prevalence of infection in a wild animal population in New Zealand
      is an interesting development in the world distribution of this serovar.

PMID- 691130
TI  - Crop impactions in bobwhite quail in Louisiana.
AB  - Crop impactions (solid, hard masses of seeds) caused by seeds of clammy weed
      (Cuphea carthagenensis) were found in bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) killed
      during the 1965-71 hunting seasons in Louisiana. Emaciation and weakened
      condition were associated with the presence of crop impactions in two quail,
      suggesting that physical obstruction of the crop by impactions may be of
      significant pathologic consequence.

PMID- 691131
TI  - Capillaria hepatica in small mammals collected from Shoa Province, Ethiopia.
AB  - A total of 1,110 small mammals has been examined for Capillaria hepatica in Shoa
      Province, Ethiopa. Nineteen of 308 (6.2%) Rattus rattus and 1 of 212 (0.5%)
      Praomys albipes were infected. The data indicate that C. hepatica was essentially
      limited to commensal rats (R. rattus).

PMID- 691132
TI  - Parasites of red foxes in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia.
AB  - Sixty-one red foxes from New Brunswick and Nova Scotia were examined for
      helminths. Alaria americana, A. arisaemoides, A. mustelae, Cryptocotyle lingua,
      Echinostoma revolution and Metorchis conjunctus, Capillaria aerophila, Crenosoma
      vulpis, Toxocara canis, Uncinaria stenocephala and Taenia crassiceps were found.
      Approximately 67% of the foxes examined were clinically affected with Sarcoptes
      scabiei mange.

PMID- 691133
TI  - Cholangitis associated with species of Progamotaenia (Cestoda: Anoplocephalidae)
      in the bile ducts of marsupials.
AB  - Gross and histopathologic changes due to infection with Progamotaenia festiva and
      P. effigia in the bile ducts of the marsupials, Macropus rufus, M. giganteus, M.
      fuliginosus, Lagorchestes conspicillatus, Vombatus ursinus and Lasiorhinus
      latifrons are described. The integrity of the bile duct mucosa was not impaired
      but varying degrees of hyperplasia and hypertrophy of mucosa and mucosal glands,
      inflammatory infiltration and fibrosis were found. Portal fibrosis was the
      prominent reaction in Lasiorhinus latifrons. Reduced prevalence of cestode
      infection was recorded in two populations of M. giganteus in which Fasciola
      hepatica also was recovered.

PMID- 691134
TI  - Osteoarthrosis in a coyote x dog hybrid from Nebraska.
AB  - Osteoarthrosis is described in a wild, 14-year-old coyote (Canis latrans) x dog
      (C. familiaris) hybrid shot in southeastern Nebraska. There was ankylosis of five
      vertebrae, the head of the left femur was absent, and periarticular osteophytes
      occurred throughout the skeleton. The age is significant because wild coyotes
      seldom live beyond 6 years and coyote x dog hybrids are considered to be less fit
      for survival in the wild than coyotes.

PMID- 691136
TI  - A legislative look at heroin and medicine.

PMID- 691135
TI  - Will heroin eventually see the light of day for treating chronic pain?

PMID- 691137
TI  - Addictive potential of drugs is concern in pain relief.

PMID- 691139
TI  - Hexachlorophene teratogenicity in human disputed.

PMID- 691138
TI  - Pulmonary edema associated with intravenous vinblastine.

PMID- 691140
TI  - Burdock root tea poisoning.

PMID- 691141
TI  - The Drug Regulation Reform Act of 1978.

PMID- 691142
TI  - A commentary on a commentary on improving the public health.

PMID- 691143
TI  - Cardiac exercise program.

PMID- 691144
TI  - Gustatory sweating.

PMID- 691145
TI  - Doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. Serial endomyocardial biopsies and systolic time
      intervals.
AB  - Doxorubicin, whose dose-limiting toxicity is cardiomyopathy, was given to four
      cancer patients. Endomyocardial biopsy specimens and test results of cardiac
      function were obtained  before, during, and after treatment. The biopsy specimens
      were examined by light and electron microscopy and were graded blindly. Evidence
      of specific doxorubicin injury was found in 3/4 patients with as little as 180
      mg/sq m of the drug and became progressively more severe with higher doses. All
      test results of cardiac function, including systolic time intervals, remained
      normal. These data suggest that a specific, progressive subclinical injury to the
      heart occurs with doxorubicin therapy, which cannot be reliably detected by
      routine tests. This potential risk must be taken into account with the use of
      doxorubicin, especially when combined with synergistic agents.

PMID- 691146
TI  - Weight and blood pressure. Findings in hypertension screening of 1 million
      Americans.
AB  - In the nationwide Community Hypertension Evaluation Clinic screening of more than
      1 million people, the group classifying itself as overweight had prevalence rates
      of hypertension 50% to 300% higher than other screenees. Frequency of
      hypertension in overweight persons aged 20 to 39 years was double that of normal
      weight and triple that of underweight persons. Among those aged 40 to 64 years,
      the overweight group had a 50% higher hypertension prevalence rate than the
      normal-weight group and 100% higher than the underweight group. With each higher
      degree of blood pressure elevation, relative frequency of hypertension with
      overweight was larger. Thus this study confirms, in the largest group surveyed to
      date, similar findings in previous cross-sectional surveys. It is also consistent
      with data from longitudinal and intervention studies on the importance of
      overweight in relation to hypertension.

PMID- 691148
TI  - In the matter of witch hunts.

PMID- 691147
TI  - Bioactivity of instant glucose. Failure of absorption through oral mucosa.
AB  - The efficacy of instant glucose as a potential treatment for hypoglycemia was
      studied in normal volunteers, with therapeutic doses administered in the buccal
      cavity. 2-Tritiated glucose (50 mu Ci) was homogenized into each dose before use.
      Mean blood glucose and serum insulin concentrations were unaltered by instant
      glucose. Glucose absorption was less than 0.05 mg at any time, and total glucose
      absorbed was less than 0.1 mg. For comparison purposes, volunteers swallowed a
      dose of instant glucose. Approximately 88% of the dose was absorbed during a 30
      minute interval. Blood glucose and insulin levels increased. Instant glucose
      appears to be of therapeutic value only if swallowed by fully conscious,
      hypoglycemic patients. It should not benefit unconscious patients because of its
      poor absorption through the buccal mucosa.

PMID- 691149
TI  - SI units for clinical laboratory data.
AB  - The international System of Units (SI) has not yet been accepted by American
      physicians because of reluctance to convert to a new system and the corresponding
      need for relearning. The impetus to introduce the SI came from European
      laboratory scientists; the system was later accepted (not always
      enthusiastically) by physicians after the same objections now voiced by their US
      counterparts were overcome. Now that many American laboratory scientists are
      actively studying and assessing the benefits of SI, we may have begun the chain
      of events that will lead to general acceptance by physicians in the United
      States.

PMID- 691150
TI  - Dermatopathic lymphadenitis presenting as lateral breast mass.
AB  - Two cases of dermatopathic lymphadenitis involved external mammary lymph nodes
      and presented clinically as breast masses. The variable position and number of
      external mammary lymph nodes account for the difficulty in  differentiating
      intrinsic breast pathological conditions of the lateral margin of  the breast
      from lymphadenitis. Recent publicity may account for a lower threshold for
      detection of such lesions by patients as well as physicians. Dermatopathic
      lymphadenitis should be included in the differential diagnosis of persistent
      solid masses involving the lateral margin of the breast and should be confirmed
      by excisional biopsy.

PMID- 691151
TI  - Urticaria following intravenous doxorubicin administration.
AB  - Urticaria developed above the site of injection with doxorubicin hydrochloride in
      11 patients with malignant neoplasms. Generalized urticaria without anaphylaxis
      developed in one patient, while only local reactions developed in the other ten.
      A reaction developed in two patients on their first exposure to doxorubicin. Two
      of the seven patients who received subsequent doxorubicin therapy had further
      reactions. Urticaria does not seem to be a contraindication to further treatment
      with doxorubicin if the patient is closely observed. The value of prophylactic
      antihistamines of corticosteroids is not clear.

PMID- 691152
TI  - Giant meningiomas of the posterior fossa.
AB  - Posterior fossa meningiomas ordinarily produce clinical signs appropriate to
      their location. Four cases of huge infratentorial meningiomas were associated
      with minimal clinical manifestations.

PMID- 691153
TI  - Cat-scratch disease causing reversible encephalopathy.

PMID- 691154
TI  - Dangerous waters.

PMID- 691155
TI  - Restraint in use of high-dose fluorides to treat skeletal disorders.

PMID- 691156
TI  - The use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents.

PMID- 691157
TI  - Upper abdominal calcification in a young man.

PMID- 691158
TI  - Meniere's defies clinical research efforts at cure.

PMID- 691159
TI  - Autoimmunity postulated in ear disorder.

PMID- 691160
TI  - From the NIH: Committee formulates definition and criterions of Guillain-Barre
      syndrome to aid in diagnosis.

PMID- 691161
TI  - Venous air embolism and lumbar disk surgery.

PMID- 691163
TI  - Management of tic douloureux.

PMID- 691162
TI  - Role of CEA--a challenge of a verdict.

PMID- 691164
TI  - Oophorectomy without hysterectomy.

PMID- 691165
TI  - Emergency bilateral renal artery reconstruction.

PMID- 691166
TI  - Musical hallucinations in deafness revisited.

PMID- 691167
TI  - Hospital care of the trauma patient.

PMID- 691168
TI  - Lack of transmission of hepatitis B after surgical exposure.
AB  - An orthopedic surgeon in whom hepatitis B subsequently developed participated in
      operations on 49 patients in the two months preceding his illness. Thirty of
      these patients were available for subsequent clinical and serologic follow-up:
      five had positive reactions for antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti
      HBs) and one had a positive reaction for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) at
      the initial examination an average of 77 days after surgery. No new patients had
      either clinical or serologic evidence of hepatitis B during four months of
      subsequent follow-up (mean of 6.7 months after surgery). A control group of 56
      orthopedic patients had a 25% prevalence of positive reactions for anti-HBs and
      negative reactions for HBsAg- this was not significantly different from the
      exposed group. The risk to patients of acquiring hepatitis B after surgical
      exposure in this setting from a surgeon is low.

PMID- 691169
TI  - Thrombophlebitis in systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - Thrombophlebitis occurred in 14 (12.2%) of 114 patients with active systemic
      lupus erythematosus (SLE). Abnormal clotting occurred despite the presence of
      thrombocytopenia or circulating anticoagulants in some of the patients, and the
      development of pulmonary emboli was verified in seven. Although infrequently
      reported, the association of thrombophlebitis with active SLE is apparently not
      uncommon. While there were no features that distinguished this group of patients
      from other groups of patients with SLE, there are some possible mechanisms.
      Recognition of this complication of SLE is important because of the frequent
      occurrence of SLE-induced pleuritis and its similarity to the pain of pulmonary
      emboli.

PMID- 691170
TI  - Direct transfer to operating room improves care of trauma patients. A simple,
      economically feasible plan for large hospitals.
AB  - As evidenced in a nine-year experience with more than 4,000 patients, the
      operating room is an ideal receiving area for severely injured patients. This
      system, which reduces mortality, morbidity, and suffering incurred by severely
      injured patients, is both feasible and economical for many large metropolitan
      hospitals.

PMID- 691171
TI  - Estrogen and the postmenopausal breast. Mammographic considerations.
AB  - Postmenopausal estrogen replacement therapy may produce changes in the breast
      demonstrable as cystic or dysplastic by mammography. Following cessation of
      hormone therapy, radiological regression of these changes may be seen. We suggest
      that in certain patients estrogen replacement therapy be discontinued in an
      attempt to reverse these dysplastic changes. Reliable radiologic as well as
      clinical evaluation of the breasts may be enhanced thereby, and if the presence
      of an associated malignant neoplasm is marked, it will be clarified
      radiologically and clinically.

PMID- 691172
TI  - Family physician pathway and medical student career choice. Ten years after
      curriculum change at the University of Washington.
AB  - In 1968 the University of Washington School of Medicine initiated a new
      curriculum that included a family physician pathway. Six of these classes have
      now graduated. Two thirds of the planned strategies for the pathway were actually
      implemented. Approximately half of the students in each second-year class now
      choose this pathway. Ninety percent of those graduating have done so in the
      traditional four years. Seventy-three percent of those in the pathway actually
      pursued family practice training on graduation. Approximately one third of all
      University of Washington graduates now enter training for family practice, one
      third enter internal medicine, 10% enter surgical fields, and 8% enter
      pediatrics. These rates represent significant increases in the proportion of
      students entering directly into family practice, internal medicine, and
      pediatrics training.

PMID- 691173
TI  - Dysesthesia, witchcraft, and conversion reaction. A case successfully treated
      with psychotherapy.
AB  - An intelligent, well-educated black woman from the rural South, through an
      interaction of psychopathology and cultural background, experienced dysesthesia
      as a conversion reaction and came to believe that she was the victim of
      witchcraft. After neurological evaluation showed no abnormalities, she was
      successfully treated with conventional psychotherapy. Belief in hexing or root
      work is still alive today and should be inquired about in patients with unusual
      symptoms and an appropriate cultural background.

PMID- 691174
TI  - Prolonged latent schistosomiasis.

PMID- 691175
TI  - Renal vein thrombosis. Complication of primary renal disease and the nephrotic
      syndrome.

PMID- 691177
TI  - Pericarditis due to histoplasmosis.

PMID- 691176
TI  - Placenta previa percreta with bladder invasion.

PMID- 691178
TI  - Skin tests, penicillin G procaine, and pseudoanaphylaxis.

PMID- 691179
TI  - Splenic rupture due to infectious mononucleosis. Normal selective arteriogram and
      peritoneal lavage.

PMID- 691180
TI  - Cardiorespiratory arrest in diabetic autonomic neuropathy.

PMID- 691181
TI  - Death following physical stress.

PMID- 691182
TI  - Medical education--preload and afterload.

PMID- 691183
TI  - Marijuana. Does it have a possible therapeutic use?

PMID- 691184
TI  - High marks for hyperthyroid therapies.

PMID- 691185
TI  - Fire no respecter of American home.

PMID- 691186
TI  - Nitrogen fertilizers pose future ultraviolet radiation concern.

PMID- 691187
TI  - Extreme remedy.

PMID- 691188
TI  - Variability in cystic fibrosis.

PMID- 691189
TI  - Delayed perforation of a strangulated hernia.

PMID- 691190
TI  - Medullary carcinoma and pheochromocytoma.

PMID- 691191
TI  - Demographic changes in the United States.

PMID- 691192
TI  - Marijuana and paraquat.

PMID- 691193
TI  - Agranulocytosis associated with disopyramide therapy.

PMID- 691194
TI  - Granulocyte transfusions in infants.

PMID- 691195
TI  - Laboratory tests in infectious mononucleosis.

PMID- 691196
TI  - Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene grafts in reconstructive arterial surgery.
      Preliminary report of the first 110 consecutive cases for limb salvage.
AB  - One hundred ten arterial reconstructions, including several new and extended
      bypasses, were performed with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) grafts and were
      observed for three to 16 months. Patency rates were 100% with 15 bypasses to the
      femoral artery, 95% with 66 bypasses to the popliteal artery, and 76% with 29
      bypasses to the arteries of the leg and foot. These encouraging preliminary
      results justify continued use and evaluation of PTFE as an arterial prosthesis.

PMID- 691197
TI  - Toxicity of penicillamine. A serious limitation to therapy in rheumatoid
      arthritis.
AB  - A retrospective study of penicillamine toxicity in 156 patients yielded a high
      incidence of toxic reaction (62%), necessitating discontinuation of the drug
      therapy in 36% of the patients. Of the total group, proteinuria occurred in 14%,
      hematologic toxic reaction in 11%, mucocutaneous toxic reaction in 28%, and
      gastrointestinal intolerance in 12%.

PMID- 691198
TI  - Outcome and cost for stroke patients in academic and community hospitals.
      Comparison of two groups referred to a regional rehabilitation center.
AB  - Patients transferred to a regional stroke rehabilitation center from academic
      hospital centers (124 patients) and from community hospital centers (315
      patients) were compared for outcome and cost of treatment. The two groups were
      matched for Amended International Classification of Diseases diagnostic category,
      age, sex, distribution of weakness, types of neurological deficits, time from the
      onset of the stroke symptoms to admission to the rehabilitation unit, and the
      concurrence of major medical problems thought to contribute to cerebrovascular
      disease. There was no statistically significant difference in functional outcome
      or length of stay, but acute health care costs for patients treated in community
      hospitals were about 50% less.

PMID- 691199
TI  - Changes in theophylline clearance during acute illness.
AB  - Three patients demonstrated twofold to threefold changes in total-body
      theophylline clearance during the course of a single hospitalization for an acute
      illness. These changes paralleled the changes in the patients' clinical status.
      Theophylline clearance decreased in one patient with worsening airway
      obstruction, whereas clearance increased in one patient with resolving pneumonia
      and in one patient with improving congestive heart failure. Total-body
      theophylline clearance may be unstable in acute, severe illness. Close monitoring
      of plasma theophylline concentration in such situations will allow appropriate
      dose adjustments to be made and is, therefore, indicated.

PMID- 691200
TI  - Salmonellosis associated with homemade ice cream. An outbreak report and summary
      of outbreaks in the United States in 1966 to 1976.
AB  - During the period 1966 to 1976, 22 outbreaks with 292 individual cases of
      salmonellosis associated with the  consumption of homemade ice cream were
      reported to the Center for Disease Control. Salmonella typhimurium accounted for
      45% of the outbreaks. The source of eggs used was known in 13 outbreaks, and all
      were ungraded farm- or home-produced eggs, a potential source of salmonellae. In
      11 outbreaks, the method of preparation was known, and in all, the ice-cream
      custard had not been cooked before freezing.

PMID- 691201
TI  - Transient oculomotor nerve palsy. Association with thiazide-induced glucose
      intolerance.

PMID- 691202
TI  - Fellowship in family practice.

PMID- 691203
TI  - Pursuit of "eucardia".

PMID- 691204
TI  - Evaluation of a new antidiuretic agent, desmopressin acetate (DDAVP).
AB  - Desmopressin acetate is a synthetic vasopressin analogue administered by the
      intranasal route. It is long-acting and well tolerated and may be the agent of
      choice for treating central diabetes insipidus.

PMID- 691205
TI  - Mammography in medical practice. A rational approach.

PMID- 691206
TI  - Escaping anesthetic gases may affect neurophysiological functions.

PMID- 691207
TI  - High-dose methaqualone inhibits platelet aggregation.

PMID- 691208
TI  - Second beginning for in vitro fertilization research?

PMID- 691209
TI  - More help for the morbidly obese: gastric stapling.

PMID- 691211
TI  - Bill to regulate some OTC drugs fails.

PMID- 691210
TI  - Allopurinol treatment for protozoan infections?

PMID- 691212
TI  - Treatment for delayed stress response.

PMID- 691213
TI  - Acute hepatitis with myositis.

PMID- 691214
TI  - Counterimmunoelectrophoresis and bacterial meningitis.

PMID- 691215
TI  - Carbon monoxide levels and methylene chloride exposure.

PMID- 691216
TI  - Ultrasound aortic measurement and elective aneurysmectomy.
AB  - In a study of 53 cases, aneurysm size was measured with the use of preoperative
      physical examination, lateral abdominal roentgenography, and B-mode aortic
      ultrasonography for comparison with direct intraoperative measurement during
      aneurysmectomy. Mean aneurysm diameter on the basis of physical examination
      overestimated aortic size by 1 cm; physical examination measurement was within
      0.5 cm of true aortic size in 38% of patients and within 1 cm in 58% of patients.
      The lateral roentgenogram also overestimated mean aortic diameter by 1 cm and was
      within 0.5 cm of true aortic size in 44% of patients and within 1 cm in 72% of
      patients. Measurement using B-mode aortic ultrasonography closely approximated
      intraoperative aneurysm measurement. Measurement was identical in 34% of patients
      and was within 0.5 cm and 1 cm in 75% and 92% of patients, respectively.

PMID- 691217
TI  - Staffing pattern of a health maintenance organization. A systems approach.
AB  - A systems analysis approach was applied to a study of health provider jobs in a
      health maintenance organization to develop a proposal for an improved staffing
      pattern and an appropriate training curriculum for the provider. Physicians
      reported performing 512 ambulatory care tasks; health associates, 372; and health
      assistants, 284. Overlap was found among each group, especially in data-gathering
      tasks. This led to reallocation of tasks, with the most complex but smallest
      number assigned to the physician, and the least complex but highest number
      assigned to the assistant. In turn, a staffing pattern was suggested whereby a
      team of two physicians, four associates, and eight assistants would be able to
      manage the visits of 10,000 patients.

PMID- 691218
TI  - Screening for hypertension in the emergency department.
AB  - Review of emergency department charts at three university-affiliated hospitals
      showed that less than half of all patients who had elevated blood pressure (BP)
      recorded were recognized by physicians to be hypertensive. At the primary
      teaching hospital, less than one third of patients with the greatest BP elevation
      (greater than 20 mm Hg above normal) were sent for some type of hypertension
      follow-up care.

PMID- 691220
TI  - Smallpox eradication. A global appraisal.

PMID- 691219
TI  - Ligamentous laxity in secondary school athletes.
AB  - An increase in ligamentous laxity has been said to predispose athletes to injury
      of the joint. To evaluate the usefulness of testing ligamentous laxity to predict
      a predisposition to injury in secondary school athletes, 166 male football
      players, 84 female basketball players, and 32 male basketball players were
      tested. The results were compared with those for 167 males and 223 females in
      high school but not involved in interscholastic sports. No correlation could be
      found between ligamentous laxity and the occurrence or type of injury.

PMID- 691221
TI  - Conjunctivitis and skin erythema. Outbreak caused by a damaged high-intensity
      lamp.
AB  - Eighty-one members of girls' basketball teams were exposed to ultraviolet light
      while sitting in the bleachers of a school gymnasium. A mercury high-intensity
      discharge lamp lighting the bleacher area had a hole in its outer envelope that
      allowed the emission of ultraviolet light. Sixty-nine (85%) of the 81 girls were
      affected; 49 (71%) had symptoms of conjunctivitis and 63 (91%) had symptoms of
      erythema.

PMID- 691222
TI  - Jaundice, choledocholithiasis, and a nondilated common duct.
AB  - In two cases of jaundice due to choledocholithiasis, the biliary tree was not
      dilated on skinny-needle transhepatic cholangiography. Visualization of the
      biliary tree before arriving at a diagnosis in certain cases of jaundice is
      needed.

PMID- 691223
TI  - Minoxidil treatment of malignant hypertension. Recovery of renal function.
AB  - We treated eight severely hypertensive, long-term hemodialysis patients who
      failed to respond to ultrafiltration or conventional medication with minoxidil
      rather than with bilateral nephrectomy. Control of blood pressure and relief of
      symptoms was achieved in all eight. In addition, three of the patients, who were
      all severely oliguric, recovered sufficient renal function to allow the
      discontinuation of dialysis. Two are presently doing well, while one died of
      causes unrelated to uremia or minoxidil therapy. We presently reserve bilateral
      nephrectomy for those hypertensive dialysis patients who are awaiting
      transplantation.

PMID- 691224
TI  - Cystic fibrosis. Problems encountered with sweat testing.
AB  - The sweat test is the only practical and reliable laboratory test for
      confirmation of the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. Among 234 patients referred to
      The Johns Hopkins Hospital for sweat testing, 62 had had a previous test; 29
      tests had been reported as negative, and 33 tests had been reported as positive.
      Results of quantitative pilocarpine-iontophoresis sweat tests at this center led
      to a change in diagnosis in 27 (43.5%) of these 62 patients. Most of the errors
      were false-positive.

PMID- 691225
TI  - Empyema due to splenic abscess with Salmonella newport.

PMID- 691226
TI  - I'm sorry Mrs Jones, but you don't have hypertension.

PMID- 691227
TI  - The conquest of smallpox.

PMID- 691228
TI  - Coping with gravity.

PMID- 691229
TI  - [Effect of dopamine on renal and endocrine functions during canine endotoxin
      shock (author's transl)].

PMID- 691230
TI  - [The effects of epidural anesthesia and acupuncture upon human somatosensory
      evoked potential (author's transl)].

PMID- 691231
TI  - [Studies of pathogenesis in endotoxin shock (3), --changes of plasma
      catecholamine concentration (author's transl)].

PMID- 691232
TI  - [Effects of combined use of isoproterenol and propranolol on cardiovascular
      dynamics (author's transl)].

PMID- 691233
TI  - [Effect of normovolemic hemodilution with fluosol-DA (artificial blood) on
      fractional distribution of cardiac output in dog (author's transl)].

PMID- 691234
TI  - [Lidocaine concentrations to arterial blood after transtracheal injection and
      laryngo-tracheal spraying (author's transl)].

PMID- 691235
TI  - [Effects of ether-nitrous oxide anesthesia and surgery on plasma concentrations
      of testosterone and luteinizing hormone in man (author's transl)].

PMID- 691236
TI  - [Local electroanalgesia. --2. Evoked electrospinogram and nervogram under
      analgesic current application in dogs (author's transl)].

PMID- 691237
TI  - [Anesthesia for patients with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (author's transl)].

PMID- 691238
TI  - [Femoral nerve paralysis after abdominal hysterectomy under continuous epidural
      analgesia: report of two cases (author's transl)].

PMID- 691239
TI  - [A case of Cushing syndrome with WPW syndrome and anesthetic management (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 691240
TI  - [Water intoxication following perforation of the bladder during transurethral
      resection (author's transl)].

PMID- 691241
TI  - [A new method for spinal tap with 25 or 26 gauge needle (author's transl)].

PMID- 691242
TI  - [Methods of evaluating cardiac function in anesthesiology (author's transl)].

PMID- 691243
TI  - [Effects of depletion of 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate by transfusion of ACD-stored
      blood on the buffer capacity of whole blood and erythrocytes (author's transl)].

PMID- 691244
TI  - [Effects of enflurane on coronary and systemic hemodynamics in the dog (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 691245
TI  - [Effects of sodium nitroprusside on the ultrastructure of various organs in dogs
      1. Liver and kidney (author's transl)].

PMID- 691246
TI  - [Plasma cortisol response to trimethaphan (Arfonad) induced hypotension
      anesthesia (author's transl)].

PMID- 691247
TI  - [Effect of large doses of morphine on mechanics of breathing (author's transl)].

PMID- 691248
TI  - [Some aspects of controlled ventilation.--Part 1. Oxygen transport (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 691249
TI  - [Evaluation of ketamine anesthesia for undergoing children computed tomography
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 691250
TI  - [Anesthesia for Eaton-Lambert syndrome (author's transl)].

PMID- 691251
TI  - [Radial-artery thrombosis caused by cannulation (author's transl)].

PMID- 691252
TI  - [Anesthesia for a patient without adrenals (author's transl)].

PMID- 691253
TI  - [Principle of direct mean arterial pressure monitoring system using an aneroid
      manometer (author's transl)].

PMID- 691254
TI  - [Practicing anesthesia with billing problem to health insurance funds (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 691255
TI  - [Clinical experience with amikacin for chronic complicated urinary tract
      infections in myelopathogenic bladder. Clinical effect against gentamicin
      resistant bacteria (author's transl)].

PMID- 691256
TI  - [Clinical experience with amikacin for respiratory infections due to gentamicin
      resistant bacteria (author's transl)].

PMID- 691257
TI  - [Clinical experience with cefoxitin in the field of internal medicine (author's
      transl)].
AB  - 1) Cefoxitin (CFX) was administered to seven patients: two with acute pneumonia,
      two with acute pyelonephritis, one with pyonephrosis complicated to
      pyelolithotomy, one with acute cystitis and one with CONN syndrome complicated to
      liver cirrhosis. 2) Response to the CFX treatment was excellent in three
      patients, good in three, and poor in one. 3) No side effect was observed in all
      cases. In two patients in whom CFX and furosemide were concomitantly
      administered, no aggravation of the renal function was observed.

PMID- 691259
TI  - [A clinical study of PC-904 in pediatric field (author's transl)].
AB  - A clinical study of PC-904 was performed and the following results were obtained.
      1) PC-904 was intravenously administered at the daily dosage of 20 approximately
      120 mg/kg to 13 children; urinary tract infection (10 cases), acute pneumonia (1
      case), sepsis (1 case) and purulent meningitis (1 case). The overall efficacy
      rate was 46.2%. 2) As to adverse reaction, eosinophilia was noted only in 2
      patients. One neonate was treated with this drug, but no side effects were
      observed. 3) It was considered that PC-904 was a useful antibiotic drug for the
      second choice rather than the first.

PMID- 691258
TI  - [Laboratory and clinical studies of PC-904 in pediatric field (author's transl)].

PMID- 691260
TI  - [Fundamental and clinical studies of PC-904 in pediatrics (author's transl)].
AB  - The following studies were carried out in pediatric patients. 1. Serum levels of
      PC-904 were examined in 3 patients by 1 hour intravenous infusion of 20 mg/kg,
      reaching the peak of 22.5 approximately 25.5 microgram/ml at the end of infusion.
      Half life was 37 approximately 48 minutes. 2. Investigated in only 1 patient, the
      urinary excretion rate was 12.9% (0 approximately 6 hours). 3. The effect of PC
      904 on blood pressure was examined in 1 patient, and no effect was observed. 4.
      Clinical effects of PC-904 were examined in 9 patients; urinary tract infection
      (6 cases) and Salmonella enteritis (3 cases). The daily dose was 32.6
      approximately 93.0 mg/kg. The overall clinical effectiveness was 66.7%. As to
      causative organisms E. coli, Klebsiella and Salmonella were isolated. The
      clinical effects by the organisms were 100%, 0%, and 66.7%, respectively. 5.
      Slight elevation of GOT and GPT and eosinophilia were observed in each one case
      but these abnormalities rapidly returned to pre-treatment levels when the
      administration was discontinued. No other side effects were noticed.

PMID- 691261
TI  - [Fundamental and clinical studies in pediatrics on PC-904, a penicillin with
      broad spectrum newly developed in Japan (author's transl)].
AB  - Fundamental and clinical studies of PC-904, a newly developed penicillin with a
      broad spectrum, were performed and the following results were obtained. (1) The
      serum levels of PC-904 after 1.5 hours drip infusion reached the peak at 1 hour
      or at the end of the infusion and the detectable levels of PC-904 were maintained
      up to 2 or 3 hours after the end of the infusion. (2) The urinary excretion rates
      up to 6 hours after the onset of the infusion were 19.2 approximately 25.5%. (3)
      Forty-one patients were treated with PC-904 and the majority of the diseases were
      acute respiratory infections. The treatment by the drip infusion of 50
      approximately 100 mg/kg/day resulted in good responses to whooping cough, and
      lacunar tonsillitis, lymphadenitis and staphylococcal scald skin syndrome
      resistant to the treatment by ampicillin and cephalexin. The satisfactory results
      were also obtained by the treatment of almost the same dosage in the patients
      with acute bronchitis, bronchopneumonia and measles pneumonia. (4) Staphylococcus
      aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated from the sputum culture of the
      patients with bronchopneumonia and they responded well to the treatment with PC
      904. (5) The drip infusion of 60 approximately 70 mg/kg/day for 5 approximately 6
      days was shown to be useful in the treatment of urinary tract infection of which
      the causative organism was E. coli. (6) No side effects were observed except
      rubella-like eruption in one case. (7) Clinical evaluation was examined in all
      cases except one patient of which the medication was withdrawn due to eruption,
      and the overall clinical efficacy was excellent or good in all of 40 cases.

PMID- 691262
TI  - [Clinical study of PC-904 in pediatrics (author's transl)].
AB  - Clinical study of PC-904 was performed in 8 children with infectious diseases and
      the following results were obtained. 1) The patients treated with PC-904 were
      each one case of acute pharyngitis, lacunar tonsillitis, scarlet fever,
      phlegmone, acute bronchitis and lung abscess, and 2 cases of bronchopneumonia. 2)
      The administration methods were drip infusion, one-shot intravenous injection and
      the combined use of these administrations. The daily dosage varied from 30 to 49
      mg/kg in 3 cases and from 50 to 70 mg/kg in 3 cases, and was 227 mg/kg in 1 case.
      3) Clinical evaluation was examined in 7 cases and 57.1% of effectiveness was
      obtained. Out of 2 cases of pneumonia, one case with the causative organism of
      My. pneumoniae was excluded from the clinical evaluation. 4) No side effects were
      observed in all 8 cases treated with PC-904.

PMID- 691263
TI  - [A clinical study of PC-904 in pediatrics (author's transl)].
AB  - A clinical study of PC-904 was performed in children. The results were as
      follows; 1) Serum levels of PC-904 after single administration of 20 mg/kg were
      studied in patients by one-shot intravenous injection or drip infusion for 1 hour
      or 2 hours. The results obtained in this fundamental study led to the suggestion
      that the proper dosage in bacterial infections would be 50 approximately 100
      mg/kg intravenously in 3 approximately 4 divided doses daily. 2) A clinical study
      of PC-904 was performed in 16 patients including acute pharyngitis and bronchitis
      (3 cases), acute bronchopneumonia (3 cases), pertussis pneumonia (1 case),
      lymphadenitis purulenta (2 cases), acute bronchopneumonia (3 cases), pertussis
      pneumonia (1 case), lymphadenitis purulenta (2 cases), abscess with chronic
      granuloma (2 cases) and urinary tract infection (5 cases). About 50 approximately
      100 mg/kg of PC-904 were administered in 3 approximately 4 divided doses daily by
      one-shot intravenous injection. The clinical effects of 2 cases out of 16 were
      impossible to be evaluated, and thses cases were excluded from the clinical
      evaluation. Ten cases out of 14 showed excellent or good responses (efficacy
      rate: 71.4%). 3) The bacteriological examinations were performed and the
      causative or isolated organisms were determined in 11 cases. The responses were
      "disappeared" in 6 cases, "decreased" in 2 cases and "not disappeared" in 3
      cases. 4) No side effects were observed. Abnormalities of laboratory findings
      were not also noticed.

PMID- 691264
TI  - [Clinical studies of PC 904 in pediatrics (author's transl)].
AB  - PC-904 was administered to 3 pediatric patients with serious infections resistant
      clinically to other antibiotics (2 cases of sepsis and 1 case of pseudomonal
      pneumonia). Daily dosage was 100 approximately 150 mg/kg and intravenous
      infusions were carried out in 2 or 3 divided doses. This drug showed clinically
      and bacteriologically good response in these patients without any side effect,
      and was considered to be a useful drug or worthwhile to use in the treatment of
      the serious infectious diseases such as sepsis or pseudomonal infections.

PMID- 691265
TI  - [Basic and clinical studies on new semisynthetic penicillin, PC-904, in pediatric
      field (author's transl)].
AB  - PC-904 was administered to 16 pediatric patients and the following basic and
      clinical results were obtained. (1) PC-904 was administered 20 approximately 30
      mg/kg. The serum peak level of PC-904 after drip intravenous infusion over 1 hour
      was 66.7 microgram/ml at 1 hour and T 1/2 of PC-904 was 67.8 minutes. PC-904 was
      administered 25 approximately 30 mg/kg intravenous one shot injection was 49.4
      microgram/ml at 1 hour and T 1/2 of PC-904 was 52.2 minutes. (2) Urinary
      excretion rate was about 20% up to 6 hours after drip intravenous infusion of 20
      mg/kg. In a case of intravenous one shot injection of 25 approximately 30 mg/kg,
      the excretion rate was 11.9 approximately 19.9%. (3) PC-904 was administered 60
      approximately 120 mg/kg/day for 3 approximately 48 days to 5 cases of sepsis and
      bacterial endocarditis, 6 of pneumonia, 2 of sss syndrome (staphylococcal scald
      skin syndrome) and 3 of pyelonephritis. Clinical effects were excellent in 11
      cases and good in 5 cases, effective ratio being 100%. (4) Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus viridans, Acinetobacter
      anitratus and Hemophilus influenzae isolated from clinical specimens disappeared
      by the treatment of PC-904, and Hemophilus influenzae isolated from clinical
      specimens disappeared by the treatment of PC-904. Escherichia coli and Klebsiella
      pneumoniae reduced. (5) As to the side effect by PC-904, s-GOT and s-GPT were
      elevated in 2 cases. Anemia, rash and fever were observed in each 1 case out of
      16 patients though the causal relation with the agent was unknown.

PMID- 691266
TI  - [Clinical studies of PC-904 in pediatrics (author's transl)].
AB  - PC-904 was administered to 24 patients: urinary tract infections (7 cases),
      bronchitis (2 cases), pneumonia (3 cases), brain abscess (1 case), septicemia and
      the suspected cases (10 cases), and buttock abscess (1 case). The daily dosage
      varied from 60 to 223.4 mg/kg and averaged 86.9 mg/kg. The drug was administered
      three times a day by 1-hour drip infusion, and the duration of the treatment
      averaged 11 days. Clinical results were obtained as excellent responses in 5
      cases, good in 13, poor in 4, and unknown in 2, giving 75% of the clinical
      effectiveness. Bacteriological responses were excellent in 7, good in 2, poor in
      2, and unknown in 13, and the overall effectiveness was evaluated as excellent in
      2, good in 17, and unknown in 5. Antibacterial activities against clinically
      isolated bacteria were examined. MIC values of PC-904 were over 100 mg/ml 1
      strain of E. coli and 2 strains of Klebsiella, however excellent sensitivities
      were observed in 3 strains of Ps. aeruginosa and MIC values varied 1.56 to 3.12
      microgram/ml at 10(8) of inoculum size and 0.78 to 1.56 microgram/ml at 10(8). As
      to side effects, diarrhea was observed in 1 case, rash in 2, lowering ob blood
      pressure in 2, elevation of GOT in 1, and elevation of LDH in 2. Abnormal
      elevations of GOT (10 cases), GPT (5 cases), A1-P (1 case), LDH (7 cases), and
      BUN (1 case) were noticed in other patients, but it was considered to be due to
      underlying diseases.

PMID- 691267
TI  - [Morphological structure of Spirochaeta cells. Part 3. Ultrastructural studies,
      with special reference to their dynamic structures].

PMID- 691268
TI  - [Salt tolerance mechanism of Staphylococcus aureus: energy metabolism at high
      salinity (author's transl)].

PMID- 691269
TI  - The relationship between spatial velocity and magnitude electrocardiograms.

PMID- 691270
TI  - Association of atrioventricular valve atresia with single ventricle, truncus
      arteriosus communis and transposition. A basic reorientation in the approach to
      the definition of congenital heart defects.
AB  - A heart specimen is presented which showed a rare combination of atrioventricular
      valve atresia with single ventricle, truncus arteriosus communis with an
      anteriorly placed trunk, ie transposition. Because of the problems involved in
      the classification of this heart, the types of single ventricle are revised with
      particular attention to the rare cases of atrioventricular valve atresia and
      single ventricle reported in the literature. Also the rare type of truncus
      arteriosus communis with truncoatrioventricular valve discontinuity is excluded
      from the so-called transposition complexes, and properly classified as a form of
      truncus. The literal meaning of transposition is stressed and it is urged to
      approach congenital heart defects in a purely anatomic sense with definition of
      each segment as accurately as possible. Thus the present confusion in terminology
      and further plethora of new terms are avoided.

PMID- 691271
TI  - The effect of penicillamine on serum digoxin levels.

PMID- 691272
TI  - Pathological study of myocardial infarction and coronary atherosclerosis in lung
      cancer.
AB  - Pathological findings of coronary heart disease were compared between patients
      with lung cancer and with cancer in the other organs in male subjects over 55
      years of age. Myocardial infarction was found in 13 of 58 subjects with lung
      cancer and in 5 of 79 subjects with cancer in the other organs (P less than
      0.02). The subjects with severe stenoses of major coronary arteries were more
      frequent in lung cancer group (13 of 58) than in cancer group in the other organs
      (4 of 79 subjects: p less than 0.01). In 12 of 13 subjects with lung cancer and
      myocardial infarction the infarction seemed to occur due to coronary stenosis.
      The subjects with lung cancer had significant increase of heart weight in
      comparison with subjects with cancer in the other organs.

PMID- 691273
TI  - Metabolic effects of glucose-insulin-potassium in the ischemic myocardium.
AB  - This investigation was designed to explore the metabolic, hemodynamic, and
      electrocardiographic effects of glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) solution in a
      model of segmental myocardial ischemia with significant but incomplete
      restriction of coronary blood flow. An open-chest anesthetized canine model was
      utilized including 11 GIK and 6 saline control experiments. The anterior
      descending coronary artery (LAD) was partially occluded causing an average 71%
      reduction in its blood flow. Thirty min following occlusion GIK or saline was
      infused for 30 min at 3 ml/min into a femoral vein. Statistically significant
      effects of GIK included: increased glucose uptake by the ischemic myocardium,
      reduced arterial free fatty acid (FFA) concentration, reduced myocardial FFA
      uptake, decreased coronary arterio-venous oxygen content difference, increased
      myocardial lactate extraction, decreased myocardial potassium egress, and reduced
      epicardial ST segment elevation. Heart rate, aortic and left ventricular end
      diastolic pressures, and developed force in the ischemic area were unchanged. The
      results indicate a potentially favorable effect of GIK on the metabolism of the
      ischemic myocardium which may be due to the shift of substrate utilization from
      free fatty acids to glucose.

PMID- 691274
TI  - Experimental studies and clinical report on the electrical alternans of ST
      segment during myocardial ischemia.
AB  - During myocardial ischemia produced in 43 dogs by occlusion of left coronary
      artery, electrical alternans developed in 34 experiments. The most common was
      alternans of ST-T complex. Surface and intracellular electrograms were recorded
      simultaneously from contiguous sites in the ischemic area. The alternans of ST-T
      complex in the surface electrogram corresponded to that of the rate of
      repolarization of the membrane action potential. The development of this
      alternans is localized in 2 relatively small area and transient. This may be the
      reason why electrical alternans of ST-T is clinically rare. A clinical case
      showing electrocardiographic changes of electrical alternans of ST-T complex
      without any change in the QRS complex is reported. Myocardial infarction and
      hypokalemia is considered as a cause of the alternans. The present results
      support the hypothesis that the mechanism of electrical alternans will be an
      alternation of the rate and extent of the ions transported across the myocardial
      cell membrane.

PMID- 691275
TI  - Effects of optical isomers of verapamil on SA nodal pacemaker activity and
      contractility of the isolated dog heart.
AB  - Using 10 isolated, blood-perfused canine atrial, and ventricular preparations,
      the effects of d- and l-verapamil on SA nodal pacemaker activity and
      contractility were investigated. l-verapamil and d-verapamil produced dose
      related negative chronotropic and inotropic effects in all experiments. l
      verapamil was approximately 10 time more potent than d-verapamil both in
      inotropism and chronotropism. Negative inotropism of either d- or l-verapamil can
      be reversed by injection of calcium chloride. Not only d-verapamil but also l
      verapamil produced a stronger suppression at higher frequencies in both atrial
      and ventricular muscles.

PMID- 691276
TI  - Changes in ventricular recovery properties during and after temporary coronary
      artery occlusion.
AB  - The sequence of localized changes in ventricular repolarization time during and
      after temporary coronary artery occlusion was studied in 10 open chest dogs.
      Immediately after the onset of coronary occlusion functional refractory periods
      (FRPs) prolonged slightly in the ischemic area, then shortened with continued
      occlusion. Within the first minute following release of occlusion, FRPs underwent
      a further brief decrease in duration. By varying the period of occlusion from 1
      1/2 to 6 1/2 min, evidence was obtained that the post-release shortening of RFPs
      was temporally related to release of the clamp and not to the onset of occlusion.
      Ventricular fibrillation occurred in 2 dogs, in each instance soon after release
      of the coronary artery occlusion. The possible relationship of these experimental
      FRP changes to waveform abnormalities and arrhythmias in ischemic heart disease
      is discussed.

PMID- 691277
TI  - A case showing atrial dissociation and other various kinds of arrhythmias.
AB  - A case is reported in which atrial dissociation occurred after oral isoproterenol
      administration to increase the heart rate in the presence of complete
      atrioventricular block. Two types of P wave, one with small upward deflection and
      the other with deep downward spike-like deflection, were present. The latter wave
      appeared at a high rate of 300/min, suggesting the existence of atrial flutter in
      the left atrium alone.

PMID- 691278
TI  - Isolated unilateral absence of the pulmonary artery. Review of the world
      literature and guidelines for surgical repair.
AB  - A 10-month-old boy is presented who had isolated unilateral absence of the right
      pulmonary artery. He suffered from hemoptysis and severe congestive heart
      failure. The patient underwent prosthetic anastomosis of the right to the main
      pulmonary artery. Although the hemodynamic response was favorable, his
      oxygenation did not improve due to diffuse pulmonary arteriovenous fistulae of
      the affected lung. The patient succumbed 3 months after operation due to massive
      uncontrollable hemoptysis from the right lung. Isolated unilateral absence of the
      pulmonary artery is a rare lesion. In our review of the world literature as of
      November 1976, 47 cases (including this report) of the unilateral absence of the
      pulmonary artery have been reported. Of these 25.5% had pulmonary hypertension
      and only 4 cases underwent successful repair of the lesion. Though repair of this
      defect can be carried out, the result may not be always gratifying. Our
      experience with this case has led us to consider a lung biopsy before proceeding
      to the surgical repair of the lesion. If the affected lung shows arteriovenous
      abnormalities the operation should not be recommended.

PMID- 691279
TI  - [Carcinogenesis and genetics].

PMID- 691280
TI  - [Carcinogenesis and promoter].

PMID- 691281
TI  - [Nitroso compounds and carcinogenesis--recent findings].

PMID- 691282
TI  - [Precancerous lesion in chemically induced carcinogenesis].

PMID- 691283
TI  - [Threshold limit values of carcinogens].

PMID- 691284
TI  - [Prevention of environmental carcinogenesis].

PMID- 691285
TI  - [Study on experimental radiation-induced cancer].

PMID- 691286
TI  - [Cancer and aging].

PMID- 691287
TI  - [Immunotherapy of cancer].

PMID- 691289
TI  - [Current concepts of autoimmune diseases].

PMID- 691288
TI  - [New chemotherapy of cancer].

PMID- 691290
TI  - [Types of autoimmune diseases].

PMID- 691291
TI  - [Systemic lupus erythematosus in mice and man].

PMID- 691292
TI  - [Steroid therapy of autoimmune diseases (including pulse therapy)].

PMID- 691293
TI  - [Immunotherapeutic agents].

PMID- 691294
TI  - [Multiple sclerosis].

PMID- 691295
TI  - [Pernicious anemia and atrophic gastritis].

PMID- 691296
TI  - [Autoimmune hemolytic anemia].

PMID- 691297
TI  - [Primary biliary cirrhosis].

PMID- 691298
TI  - [Active chronic hepatitis].

PMID- 691299
TI  - [Sjogren's disease].

PMID- 691300
TI  - [Ulcerative colitis].

PMID- 691301
TI  - [Juvenile diabetes mellitus and HLA--on the developmental mechanism of juvenile
      diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 691302
TI  - [Insulin autoimmune syndrome].

PMID- 691303
TI  - [Goodpasture's syndrome].

PMID- 691304
TI  - [Systemic lupus erythematosus].

PMID- 691305
TI  - [Myasthenia gravis].

PMID- 691306
TI  - [Systemic sclerosis].

PMID- 691308
TI  - [Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD)].

PMID- 691307
TI  - [Polymyositis].

PMID- 691309
TI  - [Malignant rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 691310
TI  - [Classification of primary immunologic deficiency syndromes].

PMID- 691311
TI  - [Primary immunologic deficiency syndromes and refractory diseases].

PMID- 691312
TI  - [Secondary immunologic deficiency diseases].

PMID- 691313
TI  - [Immunologic deficiency disease (isolated IgA deficiency)].

PMID- 691314
TI  - [Congenital deficiency of complement].

PMID- 691316
TI  - [Ataxia telangiectasia].

PMID- 691315
TI  - [Primary dysfunction of phagocytosis].

PMID- 691317
TI  - [Clinical significance of transfer factor].

PMID- 691318
TI  - [Changes in causative agents in septicemia].

PMID- 691319
TI  - [Opportunistic infection (author's transl)].

PMID- 691320
TI  - [Pseudomonas septicemia].

PMID- 691321
TI  - [Nonfermenting gram-negative bacillus infections].

PMID- 691322
TI  - [Antibody-coated bacteria].

PMID- 691323
TI  - [Anaerobic bacterial infections in internal medicine].

PMID- 691325
TI  - [Congenital rubella].

PMID- 691324
TI  - [NBT test (nitroblue tetrazolium test)].

PMID- 691326
TI  - [Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) viruses and epidemiology].

PMID- 691327
TI  - [Flavobacterium meningitis].

PMID- 691328
TI  - [Mycoplasma pneumonia].

PMID- 691329
TI  - [Atypical mycobacteriosis].

PMID- 691331
TI  - [Imported cholera].

PMID- 691330
TI  - [Nocardiosis].

PMID- 691332
TI  - [Idiopathic peritonitis in liver cirrhosis (Conn's syndrome].

PMID- 691333
TI  - [Pseudomembranous colitis induced by clindamycin].

PMID- 691334
TI  - [Imported malaria].

PMID- 691335
TI  - [Practice of the use of the bio-clean room and prevention of hospital
      infections].

PMID- 691336
TI  - [Septic shock and endotoxic shock].

PMID- 691337
TI  - [Progress in antibiotics].

PMID- 691338
TI  - [Prenatal diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism--current status].

PMID- 691340
TI  - [Mass screening of inborn errors of metabolism].

PMID- 691339
TI  - [Prenatal diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism].

PMID- 691341
TI  - [Definitive diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism].

PMID- 691342
TI  - [Detection of genetic carriers of inborn errors of metabolism].

PMID- 691344
TI  - [Phenylketonuria].

PMID- 691343
TI  - [Treatment of inborn errors of metabolism].

PMID- 691345
TI  - [Pteridine reductase deficiency].

PMID- 691346
TI  - [Maple syrup urine disease].

PMID- 691348
TI  - [Homocystinuria].

PMID- 691347
TI  - [Histidinemia--with special reference to screening and treatment].

PMID- 691349
TI  - [Cystinosis--symptoms, etiology and prenatal diagnosis].

PMID- 691350
TI  - [Nonketotic hyperglycemia--symptoms and etiology].

PMID- 691351
TI  - [Hyperammonemia].

PMID- 691353
TI  - [Hyperargininemia].

PMID- 691352
TI  - [Citrullinemia and argininosuccinic aciduria].

PMID- 691354
TI  - [Hyperlysinemia and lysine intolerance].

PMID- 691355
TI  - [Isovaleric acidemia and beta-hydroxyisovaleric aciduria].

PMID- 691356
TI  - [Methylmalonic aciduria].

PMID- 691358
TI  - [Pyruvic acidemia and lactic acidemia].

PMID- 691357
TI  - [Propionic acidemia].

PMID- 691359
TI  - [Fructose intolerance].

PMID- 691360
TI  - [Galactosemia].

PMID- 691361
TI  - [Lactose intolerance].

PMID- 691362
TI  - [Glucose-galactose malabsorption].

PMID- 691363
TI  - [Familial hyperlipemia type II--its relation to juvenile atheromatous
      arteriosclersis].

PMID- 691364
TI  - [Wolman's disease].

PMID- 691365
TI  - [Niemann-Pick disease--including various disease types].

PMID- 691366
TI  - [Gaucher's disease].

PMID- 691367
TI  - [GM2 gangliosidosis--Tay-Sacks disease and Sandhoff's disease].

PMID- 691368
TI  - [Krabbe's disease].

PMID- 691370
TI  - [I-cell disease--etiology and symptoms].

PMID- 691369
TI  - [Metachromatic leukodystrophy and multiple sulfatase deficiency].

PMID- 691372
TI  - [Lipofuscinoses].

PMID- 691371
TI  - [Fucosidosis and mannosidosis].

PMID- 691375
TI  - [Lesch-Nyhan syndrome and gout].

PMID- 691373
TI  - [Kinky hair disease (Menkes' syndrome)].

PMID- 691374
TI  - [Wilson's disease].

PMID- 691376
TI  - [De Sanctis-Cacchione syndrome].

PMID- 691377
TI  - [Adenosine deaminase deficiency].

PMID- 691378
TI  - [Hartnup disease].

PMID- 691379
TI  - [Cystinuria and hyperlysinuria].

PMID- 691380
TI  - [Primary renal tubular acidosis].

PMID- 691381
TI  - [Fanconi's syndrome and Lowe's syndrome].

PMID- 691382
TI  - [Congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus].

PMID- 691383
TI  - [Vitamin D dependency].

PMID- 691384
TI  - [Vitamin B6 dependent syndrome].

PMID- 691385
TI  - [Formiminotransferase deficiency and congenital malabsorption of folic acid].

PMID- 691386
TI  - [Hypophosphatasia].

PMID- 691388
TI  - [Trisomy 18 and trisomy 13 syndromes].

PMID- 691387
TI  - [Chromosome abnormalities--recent findings].

PMID- 691389
TI  - [Crying cat syndrome and other abnormalities of B chromosomes].

PMID- 691390
TI  - [13q- and 18q- syndromes].

PMID- 691391
TI  - [Turner's syndrome, Turner-like syndrome and XO/XY masaicism].

PMID- 691392
TI  - [Klinefelter's syndrome and XXXXY syndrome].

PMID- 691394
TI  - [Current status of abnormality and hereditary syndromes].

PMID- 691393
TI  - [XXX, XXXXX and XYY syndromes].

PMID- 691395
TI  - [Cornelia de Lange's syndrome and Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome].

PMID- 691396
TI  - [Seckel's syndrome and Hallermann-Streiff syndrome].

PMID- 691397
TI  - [Progeria syndrome and Werner's syndrome].

PMID- 691399
TI  - [Treacher Collins syndrome and Goldernhar's syndrome].

PMID- 691398
TI  - [Cockayne's syndrome and Nail-patella syndrome].

PMID- 691400
TI  - [Apert's syndrome and Carpenter's syndrome].

PMID- 691401
TI  - [Cerebro-hepato-renal syndrome].

PMID- 691402
TI  - [Oral-facial digital syndrome].

PMID- 691404
TI  - [Prader-Willi syndrome and Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome].

PMID- 691403
TI  - [Holt-Oram syndrome].

PMID- 691405
TI  - [Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome].

PMID- 691406
TI  - [Abnormalities and malignant tumors].

PMID- 691407
TI  - [Peutz-Jeghers syndrome and adenomatosis coli].

PMID- 691408
TI  - [Steroid hormone receptor: its function and regulation].

PMID- 691410
TI  - [Pseudohypoparathyroidism and pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism].

PMID- 691409
TI  - [Testicular feminization].

PMID- 691411
TI  - [Ectopic hormone-producing tumor--current concepts].

PMID- 691412
TI  - [Multiple endocrine neoplasia (type II)].

PMID- 691413
TI  - [Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of ADH].

PMID- 691414
TI  - [Bartter's syndrome--abnormal prostaglandin production].

PMID- 691415
TI  - [Pituitary dwarfism].

PMID- 691416
TI  - [Pituitary dwarfism--its treatment].

PMID- 691417
TI  - [Treatment of Cushing's disease].

PMID- 691418
TI  - [Hyperprolactinemia].

PMID- 691419
TI  - [Empty Sella syndrome].

PMID- 691420
TI  - [Hypopituitarism].

PMID- 691421
TI  - [Diagnosis of hypothalamo--pituitary tumors].

PMID- 691422
TI  - [Hypothalamo-pituitary tumors--their surgical treatment].

PMID- 691423
TI  - [Treatment of acromegaly].

PMID- 691424
TI  - [Mass screening of cretinism].

PMID- 691425
TI  - [Metabolism of thyroid hormones and its regulation].

PMID- 691426
TI  - [T3 toxicosis].

PMID- 691427
TI  - [Transient postpartum hypothyroidism].

PMID- 691428
TI  - [Diagnosis and early detection of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid].

PMID- 691429
TI  - [Treatment of hyperthyroidism].

PMID- 691430
TI  - [Disorders of vitamin D metabolism].

PMID- 691431
TI  - [Oral hypoglycemic agents--a new concept].

PMID- 691432
TI  - [Primary hyperparathyroidism].

PMID- 691433
TI  - [Treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism].

PMID- 691434
TI  - [Secondary hyperparathyroidism].

PMID- 691435
TI  - [Treatment of hypoparathyroidism].

PMID- 691436
TI  - [Primary aldosteronism and analogous diseases].

PMID- 691437
TI  - [17 alpha-hydroxylase deficiency].

PMID- 691438
TI  - [Diabetes mellitus--development of theories on its pathogenesis].

PMID- 691440
TI  - [Glucagon and glucagon-like substances].

PMID- 691439
TI  - [Diabetes mellitus--new development in theories of its pathophysiology].

PMID- 691441
TI  - [Insulin receptor antibodies and diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 691442
TI  - [Viral infections and juvenile diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 691443
TI  - [Polycystic ovary syndrome].

PMID- 691444
TI  - [Sterility--current concepts].

PMID- 691445
TI  - [Postmenopausal osteoporosis].

PMID- 691446
TI  - [Lipoprotein disorders].

PMID- 691447
TI  - [Hypercalcemia caused by malignant tumor--emergency treatment].

PMID- 691448
TI  - [Membrane abnormalities of red blood cells in hereditary spherocytosis].

PMID- 691449
TI  - [Hemolytic anemia caused by erythrocyte enzyme anomalies].

PMID- 691450
TI  - [Pure red cell aplasia].

PMID- 691451
TI  - [Pathogenesis of aplastic anemia].

PMID- 691452
TI  - [Anomalies caused by unstable hemoglobin].

PMID- 691453
TI  - [Physiopathology of methemoglobinemia].

PMID- 691454
TI  - [Erythropoietic porphyria].

PMID- 691456
TI  - [Chromosome aberrations in preleukemic stage].

PMID- 691455
TI  - [Physiopathology of hematopoietic stem cells].

PMID- 691457
TI  - [Psychogenic visual disturbances].

PMID- 691459
TI  - [Cell surface markers of non-lymphocytic leukemia cells].

PMID- 691458
TI  - [Congenital disorder of platelet functions].

PMID- 691460
TI  - [Surface markers of malignant lymphoma cells].

PMID- 691461
TI  - [Cryofibrinogenemia].

PMID- 691462
TI  - [Factor XIII deficiency].

PMID- 691463
TI  - [Benign monoclonal immunoglobulin disorders].

PMID- 691465
TI  - [Hairy cell leukemia].

PMID- 691464
TI  - [Cyclic neutropenia].

PMID- 691466
TI  - [Smoldering acute leukemia].

PMID- 691468
TI  - [Hemolytic uremic syndrome].

PMID- 691467
TI  - [Diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)].

PMID- 691469
TI  - [Spur cell anemia].

PMID- 691470
TI  - [Epidemiology of aplastic anemia].

PMID- 691471
TI  - [Prolymphocytic leukemia].

PMID- 691472
TI  - [Current status of detection of lymphocyte surface markers].

PMID- 691473
TI  - [Treatment of iron deficiency anemia].

PMID- 691474
TI  - [Androgen therapy of aplastic anemia].

PMID- 691475
TI  - [Treatment of multiple myeloma].

PMID- 691476
TI  - [Chemoimmunotherapy of acute leukemia].

PMID- 691478
TI  - [Transfusion of blood components].

PMID- 691477
TI  - [Current status of chemotherapy of acute leukemia].

PMID- 691479
TI  - [Chemotherapy of malignant lymphoma].

PMID- 691480
TI  - [Treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)].

PMID- 691481
TI  - [Treatment of childhood leukemia].

PMID- 691482
TI  - [Familial amyloid neuropathy].

PMID- 691483
TI  - [Polyneuropathy associated with immunoglobulin disorders--the relationship to
      related diseases].

PMID- 691484
TI  - [Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis].

PMID- 691485
TI  - [Leigh's syndrome].

PMID- 691487
TI  - [Adrenoleukodystrophy].

PMID- 691486
TI  - [Central pontine myelinosis and Marchiafava-Bignami disease--their relationship
      with alcoholism].

PMID- 691488
TI  - [Current status of beriberi].

PMID- 691489
TI  - [Kinesie paradoxale].

PMID- 691490
TI  - [Oral dyskinesia].

PMID- 691491
TI  - [Spinocerebellar degeneration].

PMID- 691492
TI  - [Motor neuron disease].

PMID- 691493
TI  - [Progressive supranuclear palsy].

PMID- 691494
TI  - [Striano-nigral degeneration].

PMID- 691495
TI  - [Shy-Drager syndrome].

PMID- 691496
TI  - [Polio-like radiculomyelitis complicating acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis].

PMID- 691498
TI  - [Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE)].

PMID- 691497
TI  - [Fisher's syndrome].

PMID- 691499
TI  - [Herpes simplex encephalitis].

PMID- 691500
TI  - [Obstruction of Wills' circle].

PMID- 691501
TI  - [Dolichoectasia of the basilar artery].

PMID- 691502
TI  - [Brain, the nervous system and DIC].

PMID- 691503
TI  - [Alkylmercury poisoning].

PMID- 691505
TI  - [Central core disease and multicore disease].

PMID- 691504
TI  - [Satoyoshi's disease (a syndrome of progressive muscle spasms)].

PMID- 691506
TI  - [Malignant hyperpyrexia and muscular lesions].

PMID- 691507
TI  - [Nemaline myopathy].

PMID- 691508
TI  - [Myotubular myopathy].

PMID- 691509
TI  - [Congenital muscular dystrophy (Fukuyama's type)].

PMID- 691510
TI  - [Disconnection syndrome].

PMID- 691511
TI  - [Normal pressure hydrocephalus].

PMID- 691512
TI  - [Continuous measurement of intracranial pressure].

PMID- 691513
TI  - [Cerebrospinal fluid circulation and physiopathology of hydrocephalus].

PMID- 691514
TI  - [Radiation myelopathy].

PMID- 691516
TI  - [Computed tomography--current status and future prospect].

PMID- 691515
TI  - [alpha-coma].

PMID- 691517
TI  - [Evoked potentials of the cerebrum, brain stem and spinal cord].

PMID- 691518
TI  - [Drug therapy of epilepsy--progress of antiepileptic agents in the last 10
      years].

PMID- 691519
TI  - [Drug therapy of involuntary movements].

PMID- 691520
TI  - [Drug therapy of parkinsonism].

PMID- 691521
TI  - [Muscle relaxants].

PMID- 691522
TI  - [Non-operative treatment of malignant brain tumor].

PMID- 691523
TI  - [Transsphenoidal surgery of the pituitary gland].

PMID- 691524
TI  - [Liaison psychiatry--with special reference to an approach to the dying patient].

PMID- 691525
TI  - [Physiopathology of psychoses caused by endogeneous factors--recent changes in
      the concept].

PMID- 691526
TI  - [Student apathy].

PMID- 691527
TI  - [Minimal brain dysfunction and infantile autism].

PMID- 691528
TI  - [Obsession with body orders].

PMID- 691529
TI  - [Behavior therapy of psychosomatic disorders].

PMID- 691530
TI  - [Kindling phenomenon--clinical significance of dopamine kindling].

PMID- 691531
TI  - [Dopamine and schizophrenia].

PMID- 691533
TI  - [Strabismus and amblyopia--experimental and clinical studies of their
      development].

PMID- 691532
TI  - [Advantages and disadvantages of psychotropic drugs].

PMID- 691534
TI  - [Problems in the treatment of strabismus].

PMID- 691535
TI  - [Current pupillographic methods].

PMID- 691536
TI  - [Optic neuropathy--current test methods and their clinical significance].

PMID- 691538
TI  - [Papilledema].

PMID- 691537
TI  - [Ischemic optic neuropathy and related diseases].

PMID- 691539
TI  - [Neurolo-toxicological disorders and retinal pigmentary degeneration].

PMID- 691540
TI  - [Objective perimetry].

PMID- 691541
TI  - [Vertical eye movement disorders].

PMID- 691542
TI  - [Nuclear and infranuclear oculomotor anomalies].

PMID- 691543
TI  - [Orbicular muscle reflex--a basic research and its application].

PMID- 691545
TI  - [Visually evoked cortical potentials (VECP)--current status and its application].

PMID- 691544
TI  - [Problems of steroid therapy in neuro-ophthalmology].

PMID- 691546
TI  - [Exudative otitis media].

PMID- 691547
TI  - [Meniere's disease].

PMID- 691548
TI  - [Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo].

PMID- 691549
TI  - [Sudden deafness].

PMID- 691550
TI  - [Idiopathic bilateral sensorineural hearing loss].

PMID- 691552
TI  - [Wegener's granulomatosis].

PMID- 691551
TI  - [Nose-allergy--current clinical progress and problems].

PMID- 691553
TI  - [Voice disorders in women caused by adverse actions of drugs].

PMID- 691554
TI  - [Nasopharyngeal carcinoma].

PMID- 691555
TI  - [Microscopic surgery of the larynx].

PMID- 691556
TI  - [Ventilation bronchoscopy].

PMID- 691557
TI  - [Tracheal stenosis caused by prolonged intubation].

PMID- 691558
TI  - [Immunological respiratory diseases].

PMID- 691559
TI  - [Diffuse panbronchiolitis].

PMID- 691560
TI  - [Small airway disease].

PMID- 691561
TI  - [Fibrosing alveolitis].

PMID- 691562
TI  - [Hypersensitivity pneumonitis--with special reference to the cases seen in summer
      in Japan].

PMID- 691563
TI  - [Lymphoid interstitial pneumonia].

PMID- 691564
TI  - [Lung disease and PGF2alpha-MUM (main urinary metabolites)].

PMID- 691565
TI  - [Pulmonary infiltration with eosinophilia].

PMID- 691566
TI  - [Bronchial asthma--its classification].

PMID- 691568
TI  - [Bronchial asthma--new concepts of its therapy].

PMID- 691569
TI  - [Pulmonary tuberculosis--new therapeutic concepts].

PMID- 691567
TI  - [Bronchial asthma--pathophysiology related to prostaglandins].

PMID- 691570
TI  - [Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis--its diagnosis and tests].

PMID- 691571
TI  - [Treatment of pneumonia due to gram-negative bacilli].

PMID- 691573
TI  - [Asbestosis--a complication with malignant tumor].

PMID- 691572
TI  - [Diffuse pulmonary hamartoangiomyomatosis].

PMID- 691574
TI  - [Lung cancer--new therapeutic concepts].

PMID- 691575
TI  - [Primary pulmonary hypertension].

PMID- 691576
TI  - [Pulmonary heart disease].

PMID- 691578
TI  - [IRDS (idiopathic respiratory distress syndrome) and ARDS (adult respiratory
      distress syndrome)].

PMID- 691577
TI  - [Pneumothorax].

PMID- 691579
TI  - [HLA (human leukocyte antigen) and pulmonar diseases].

PMID- 691580
TI  - [Post-traumatic respiratory insufficiency].

PMID- 691581
TI  - [Current methods of oxygen therapy].

PMID- 691582
TI  - [Basal view of the lung].

PMID- 691583
TI  - [Selective alveolobronchography].

PMID- 691585
TI  - [Idiopathic cardiomyopathy].

PMID- 691586
TI  - [Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with giant negative T wave].

PMID- 691584
TI  - [Pulmonary auscaltation and new pulmonary phonospectrography].

PMID- 691587
TI  - [Idiopathic cardiomyopathy and heredity].

PMID- 691588
TI  - [Mitral valve prolapse syndrome].

PMID- 691590
TI  - [Angina pectoris without coronary arteriosclerosis].

PMID- 691589
TI  - [Variant angina pectoris].

PMID- 691591
TI  - [Kawasaki disease].

PMID- 691592
TI  - [Congenital coronary arteriovenous fistula].

PMID- 691593
TI  - [The measurement of cardiac output in acute myocardial infarction and heart
      failure].

PMID- 691594
TI  - [Postmyocardial infarction syndrome].

PMID- 691595
TI  - [Constrictive pericarditis].

PMID- 691596
TI  - [Collagen disease and pericarditis in childhood].

PMID- 691597
TI  - [Mitral valve and aortic valve diseases--valvoplasty and valve replacement].

PMID- 691599
TI  - [Postpericardiotomy syndrome].

PMID- 691598
TI  - [Repeated surgery of mitral valve stenosis].

PMID- 691600
TI  - [Heart tumor].

PMID- 691601
TI  - [Endocardial fibroelastosis].

PMID- 691602
TI  - [Tricuspid atresia].

PMID- 691603
TI  - [Mitral valve atresia].

PMID- 691604
TI  - [Congenital polyvalvular disease].

PMID- 691605
TI  - [Ventricular septal defects and Eisenmenger syndrome].

PMID- 691607
TI  - [Singel ventricle--surgical treatment].

PMID- 691606
TI  - [Endocardial cushion defect].

PMID- 691608
TI  - [Asplenia and polysplenia syndrome].

PMID- 691609
TI  - [Aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva].

PMID- 691611
TI  - [Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease)].

PMID- 691610
TI  - [Annulo-aortic ectasia].

PMID- 691612
TI  - [Subclavian steal syndrome].

PMID- 691613
TI  - [Complete transposition of the great arteries--surgical treatment].

PMID- 691614
TI  - [Reconstruction of the great vessels].

PMID- 691615
TI  - [Low renin hypertension].

PMID- 691617
TI  - [Malignant hypertension].

PMID- 691616
TI  - [Endocrine hypertension].

PMID- 691618
TI  - [Arteriosclerosis and lipids].

PMID- 691619
TI  - [Clinical diagnosis and determination of enzyme activities].

PMID- 691620
TI  - [Anticoagulant therapy].

PMID- 691621
TI  - [Pulmonary embolism and thrombosis].

PMID- 691622
TI  - [Idiopathic hyperkinetic heart syndrome].

PMID- 691623
TI  - [Neurocirculatory asthenia].

PMID- 691624
TI  - [Treatment of congestive heart failure].

PMID- 691625
TI  - [Noonan syndrome].

PMID- 691627
TI  - [Straight back syndrome].

PMID- 691626
TI  - [Supravalvular aortic stenosis syndrome].

PMID- 691628
TI  - [Cardiac sudden death].

PMID- 691629
TI  - [Sick sinus syndrome].

PMID- 691630
TI  - [Hereditary QT prolongation syndrome].

PMID- 691631
TI  - [Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome].

PMID- 691632
TI  - [Pre-excitation syndrome].

PMID- 691634
TI  - [Progress of antiarrhythmia agents].

PMID- 691633
TI  - [His bundle electrocardiography].

PMID- 691635
TI  - [Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (surgical treatment)].

PMID- 691636
TI  - [Artificial cardiac pacing].

PMID- 691637
TI  - [Electric cardioversion].

PMID- 691639
TI  - [Assisted circulation].

PMID- 691638
TI  - [New operative procedures in cardiac surgery].

PMID- 691640
TI  - [Open heart surgery (extracorporeal circulation].

PMID- 691641
TI  - [Echocardiography--progress in ultrasonic diagnosis].

PMID- 691642
TI  - [Radionuclide angiocardiography].

PMID- 691643
TI  - [Cineangiography].

PMID- 691644
TI  - [Gastric mucosal barrier].

PMID- 691645
TI  - [Function and diseases of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES)].

PMID- 691646
TI  - [New gastrointestinal hormones--their structures and physiology].

PMID- 691647
TI  - [New gastrointestinal hormones--clinical studies of disorders of hormone
      production].

PMID- 691648
TI  - [Intestinal metaplasia].

PMID- 691649
TI  - [Topics on malabsorption syndromes].

PMID- 691650
TI  - [Gastrointestinal diseases caused by drugs, especially by anti-inflammatory
      agents].

PMID- 691651
TI  - [Intestinal lesions in collagen diseases].

PMID- 691652
TI  - [Mallory-Weiss syndrome].

PMID- 691653
TI  - [Zollinger-Ellison syndrome].

PMID- 691654
TI  - [Non-specific ulcer of the intestine].

PMID- 691655
TI  - [Ischemic disease of the intestine].

PMID- 691656
TI  - [Crohn's and related diseases].

PMID- 691657
TI  - [Surgical treatment of duodenal ulcer].

PMID- 691658
TI  - [Concepts of ulcerative colitis].

PMID- 691659
TI  - [Treatment of ulcerative colitis].

PMID- 691660
TI  - [Colonic diverticulosis].

PMID- 691661
TI  - [Relationship between intestinal polyps and cancer].

PMID- 691662
TI  - [Polyposis of the gastrointestinal tract].

PMID- 691663
TI  - [Early stage of stomach cancer--endoscopic diagnosis].

PMID- 691664
TI  - [Early stage of cancer of the large intestine (including mass screening)].

PMID- 691665
TI  - [Radiation induced injury of the intestinal tract].

PMID- 691666
TI  - [Magnification endoscopy of the gastric mucosa and its application].

PMID- 691667
TI  - [Current status of endoscopy of the intestine].

PMID- 691668
TI  - [Endoscopic function tests].

PMID- 691669
TI  - [Endoscopic examination of the digestive tract using dyes].

PMID- 691670
TI  - [CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen)].

PMID- 691671
TI  - [Abdominal ultrasonographic diagnosis].

PMID- 691672
TI  - [Double contrast imaging of the small intestine].

PMID- 691673
TI  - [HBsAg carrier].

PMID- 691674
TI  - [HBeAg, anti-HBe and hepatitis].

PMID- 691675
TI  - [Hepatitis A].

PMID- 691676
TI  - [Treatment of fulminant hepatitis].

PMID- 691677
TI  - [Chronic hepatitis--effects of adrenal cortex steroids].

PMID- 691678
TI  - [Hepatitis B and interferon].

PMID- 691679
TI  - [Gianotti's disease--clinical variability in hepatitis B virus infection].

PMID- 691680
TI  - [Prevention of viral hepatitis].

PMID- 691681
TI  - [Alcoholic liver diseases--current problems].

PMID- 691682
TI  - [Drug-induced hepatic diseases].

PMID- 691683
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of serum GOT isoenzyme activities].

PMID- 691684
TI  - [Therapeutic induction of hepatic enzymes].

PMID- 691685
TI  - [Enterohepatic circulation of bile acids].

PMID- 691686
TI  - [Intrahepatic cholestasis].

PMID- 691687
TI  - [Congenital biliary tract dilatation (including Caroli's syndrome)].

PMID- 691688
TI  - [Anticholesteremic agents and cholelithiasis].

PMID- 691689
TI  - [Dissolution of gallstones as a therapeutic measure].

PMID- 691691
TI  - [Idiopathic portal hypertension and a question on its terminology].

PMID- 691690
TI  - [Endoscopic papillectomy--excision of biliary calculi].

PMID- 691692
TI  - [Treatment of portal hypertension (esophageal transection)].

PMID- 691693
TI  - [Cancer and ALP].

PMID- 691694
TI  - [Surgical treatment of liver cancer--current progress (based on successful
      surgical results in 23 consecutive cases subjected to excision of 3 areas of the
      liver)].

PMID- 691695
TI  - [Liver and cellular immunity].

PMID- 691696
TI  - [Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography].

PMID- 691697
TI  - [Meyer's antigen (liver specific antigen)].

PMID- 691698
TI  - [Liver cell culture and physiopathology of the liver].

PMID- 691699
TI  - [Ligandins (carrier protein transporting intracellular pigments of the
      hepatocytes].

PMID- 691700
TI  - [Mirizzi's syndrome].

PMID- 691701
TI  - [Blood coagulation disorders associated with liver diseases--with special
      reference to disseminated intravascular coagulation].

PMID- 691703
TI  - [Idiopathic chronic pancreatitis].

PMID- 691702
TI  - [Determination of severity of acute pancreatitis].

PMID- 691704
TI  - [Alcoholic pancreatitis and chronic calcifying pancreatitis].

PMID- 691706
TI  - [Cystic fibrosis of the pancreas].

PMID- 691705
TI  - [WDHA (watery diarrhea, hypokalemia and achlorhydria) syndrome].

PMID- 691707
TI  - [Hyperparathyroidism and pancreatitis].

PMID- 691708
TI  - [Pancreatic diabetes].

PMID- 691709
TI  - [Small cancer of the pancreas].

PMID- 691710
TI  - [Hereditary pancreatitis].

PMID- 691712
TI  - [New pancreatic exocrine function test].

PMID- 691711
TI  - [Test for abnormal glucose metabolism in pancreatitis].

PMID- 691713
TI  - [Amylase isozyme].

PMID- 691714
TI  - [Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)].

PMID- 691715
TI  - [New enzymatic diagnosis].

PMID- 691716
TI  - [Relationship between the pancreas and other organs].

PMID- 691717
TI  - [Immunological approach to pancreatic diseases].

PMID- 691718
TI  - [Experimental pancreatic tumor--present and future of the research].

PMID- 691719
TI  - [Treatment of pancreatitis in the field of internal medicine].

PMID- 691720
TI  - [Surgical treatment of pancreatitis--indication and long term prognosis].

PMID- 691721
TI  - [Postoperative pancreatitis].

PMID- 691722
TI  - [Surgical treatment of cancer of the pancreas and papillary region].

PMID- 691723
TI  - [Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis].

PMID- 691725
TI  - [Dense deposit disease].

PMID- 691724
TI  - [IgA glomerulonephritis].

PMID- 691726
TI  - [Focal glomerulosclerosis].

PMID- 691727
TI  - [Acute non-anuric renal failure].

PMID- 691728
TI  - [Nephritis and immune complex].

PMID- 691729
TI  - [Coagulation, the fibrinolytic system and nephritis].

PMID- 691730
TI  - [Nephritis and cell mediated immunity].

PMID- 691731
TI  - [Membranous proliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) and complement components].

PMID- 691732
TI  - [Anticoagulant therapy of kidney diseases].

PMID- 691733
TI  - [Pulse therapy of nephrotic syndrome].

PMID- 691734
TI  - [Mathematical analysis of effectiveness of therapy in nephrosis].

PMID- 691735
TI  - [Development of hydragogue diuretics].

PMID- 691736
TI  - [Essential amino acid therapy of renal failure].

PMID- 691737
TI  - [Keto acid therapy of chronic renal failure--its effect and limitation].

PMID- 691739
TI  - [Hemoperfusion and hemofiltration].

PMID- 691738
TI  - [Vitamin D therapy of renal failure].

PMID- 691740
TI  - [Computerized tomography of the kidney].

PMID- 691741
TI  - [Diagnostic value of angiotensin II analogue].

PMID- 691742
TI  - [Gouty kidney--its etiology and clinical pictures].

PMID- 691743
TI  - [Anaphylactoid purpura-nephritis].

PMID- 691744
TI  - [Uremic toxins].

PMID- 691745
TI  - [Drug-induced renal disorders].

PMID- 691746
TI  - [Secondary renal tubular acidosis].

PMID- 691747
TI  - [Juxtaglomerular cell tumor (Robertson-Kihara syndrome)].

PMID- 691748
TI  - [Etiology of renal osteodystrophy].

PMID- 691749
TI  - [Malignant tumor and nephrotic syndrome].

PMID- 691750
TI  - [Chance proteinuria].

PMID- 691751
TI  - [Tubular proteinuria].

PMID- 691752
TI  - [Pyelonephritis and vesico-ureteral reflux].

PMID- 691753
TI  - [HLA and orthopedic diseases].

PMID- 691754
TI  - [Fat embolism syndrome].

PMID- 691755
TI  - [Rickets and osteomalacia].

PMID- 691757
TI  - [Artificial joint].

PMID- 691756
TI  - [Joint biomechanics].

PMID- 691758
TI  - [Vojta's method for the treatment of cerebral motor disturbances].

PMID- 691759
TI  - [Lateral curvature of the spine].

PMID- 691760
TI  - [Cervico-brachial syndrome].

PMID- 691761
TI  - [Lumbar spinal canal stenosis].

PMID- 691762
TI  - [Prevention of congenital hip dislocation].

PMID- 691763
TI  - [Idiopathic femur head necrosis].

PMID- 691765
TI  - [Pain of the lower extremity caused by entrapment neuropathy].

PMID- 691764
TI  - [Contracture of the quadriceps muscle of the thigh].

PMID- 691766
TI  - [Pathogenesis of Behcet's disease].

PMID- 691767
TI  - [Atopic dermatitis--its pathogenesis].

PMID- 691768
TI  - [Atypical Mycobacterium infections of the skin].

PMID- 691769
TI  - [Pemphigus and bullous pemphigoid--diagnosis and treatment].

PMID- 691771
TI  - [Albinism--with special reference to its etiology].

PMID- 691770
TI  - [Erythropoietic protoporphyria].

PMID- 691772
TI  - [Malignant melanoma and precancerous conditions].

PMID- 691773
TI  - [Cryoglobulinemia--etiological mechanism and its dermatological significance].

PMID- 691774
TI  - [Livedo reticularis (diagnosis)].

PMID- 691775
TI  - [Lyell's syndrome--toxic epidermal necrolysis(TEN)].

PMID- 691776
TI  - [Systemic effects of externally applied steroid preparations].

PMID- 691777
TI  - [Psoralen photochemotherapy].

PMID- 691778
TI  - [Clinical observation of growth hormone dynamics in hypothalamo-pituitary
      disorders (author's transl)].

PMID- 691779
TI  - [Adrenal medulla--catecholamine in urine and chromogranin in plasma (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 691780
TI  - [Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (author's transl)].

PMID- 691781
TI  - [Culture of human cancer cells; present and future (author's transl)].

PMID- 691782
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of gliomas by method of tissue culture (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 691783
TI  - [Study on the myogenic gastric tumor (author's transl)].

PMID- 691784
TI  - [Multiple screening test for the detection of inborn errors of metabolism :
      experiment of mass-screening test with ultra-micro amino acid analysis method in
      dried blood spot (author's transl)].

PMID- 691785
TI  - [Roentgen anatomy of the diaphragm (author's transl)].

PMID- 691786
TI  - [Usefulness of multidirectional scan with 67Ga-citrate for mediastinal metastasis
      of lung cancer (author's transl)].

PMID- 691787
TI  - [Utility of the combined radionuclide imaging in skeletal inflammatory disease
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 691788
TI  - [The three cases of intramuari injection during CAG (author's transl)].

PMID- 691790
TI  - [The value of pelvic pneumography for the staging of the carcinoma of the cervix
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 691789
TI  - [Laryngography and its clinical significance (author's transl)].

PMID- 691791
TI  - [Sarcoidosis with unusual lymph node enlargement (author's transl)].

PMID- 691792
TI  - [67Ga-citrate uptake in old granuloma of the chest wall (author's transl)].

PMID- 691793
TI  - [On idiopathic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (author's transl)].

PMID- 691794
TI  - [A case of nonspecific ulcer of the rectum to be difficult to differentiate from
      the rectal cancer on X-ray examination (author's transl)].

PMID- 691795
TI  - [A case of short-rib-polydactyly syndrome (Saldino-Noonan type) (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 691796
TI  - [Region of interest-program in domestic CT scanner (author's transl)].

PMID- 691797
TI  - [Urinoma (author's transl)].

PMID- 691798
TI  - [Bone scintigraphy of fibrous dysplasia (author's transl)].

PMID- 691799
TI  - [Pathological study of radiation therapy on uterine cervical carcinoma (I)
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 691800
TI  - [Radiological findings of Kawasaki disease (author's transl)].

PMID- 691801
TI  - [Radiodiagnosis of the esophagus. On diffuse granular shadows of the esophagus
      (Part 2) (author's transl)].

PMID- 691802
TI  - [On the vanishing tumor of the stomach (the second report) (author's transl)].

PMID- 691803
TI  - [Evaluation of transcatheter embolization in advanced renal cell carcinoma
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 691804
TI  - [The value of contraction study in oral cholecystography (author's transl)].

PMID- 691805
TI  - [Clinical use of 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate (MDP) as bone imaging agent
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 691806
TI  - [A technique of lymphography in infants and children (author's transl)].

PMID- 691807
TI  - [High voltage cystography--its significance in radiotherapy of urinary bladder
      tumors (author's transl)].

PMID- 691808
TI  - [Right-sided cervical aortic arch--a case report (author's transl)].

PMID- 691809
TI  - [A case of pulmonary varix (authors transl)].

PMID- 691810
TI  - [Unilateral pulmonary edema (author's transl)].

PMID- 691811
TI  - [Three cases of extragastric tumor near the upper portion of the stomach
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 691812
TI  - [A case report of giant retroperitoneal tumor (author's transl)].

PMID- 691813
TI  - [Arteriographic findings of thoracic outlet syndrome (author's transl)].

PMID- 691814
TI  - [Gas-gangrene extending from the scrotum to the extraperitoneal space (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 691815
TI  - [Tc-99m RI hepatobiliary scintigram (author's transl)].

PMID- 691816
TI  - [Pathological study of radiation therapy on uterine cervical carcinoma (II)
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 691817
TI  - [A novel colorimetric assay for human serum lipase. (II) Serum lipase levels in
      patients with pancreatic diseases and other various disorders (author's transl)].

PMID- 691818
TI  - [Monoclonal immunoglobulins in gastric cancer--immunological aspects of
      correlation with M-components and cancer (author's transl)].

PMID- 691819
TI  - [A study on the relation between arteriosclerosis and gastric lesions (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 691820
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of questionnaire as a screening filter of colon cancer in
      early stage (author's transl)].

PMID- 691821
TI  - [Cell-mediated immune response in patients with chronic liver diseases (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 691822
TI  - [Studies on the endocrine function of the pancreas with special regards to alpha
      cell in patients with liver diseases. Part III. Changes of plasma glucagon and
      insulin levels in response to arginine infusion (author's transl)].

PMID- 691823
TI  - [Metaplasia of the gallbladder mucosa in chronic cholecystitis--with special
      reference to duodenalization of the cholecystic mucosa (author's transl)].

PMID- 691824
TI  - [Studies on elastase. Part I. Radioimmunoassay of porcine pancreatic elastase
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 691825
TI  - [Studies on elastase. Part II. Immunoreactive elastase level during acute
      hemorrhagic pancreatitis in pigs (author's transl)].

PMID- 691826
TI  - [Clinical studies of acute pancreatitis--early identification of severe acute
      pancreatitis (author's transl)].

PMID- 691827
TI  - [A case of constrictive pericarditis complicated with protein-losing enteropathy
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 691828
TI  - [Carcinoma arising in a solitary nonparasitic cyst of the liver (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 691829
TI  - [A case of Caroli's syndrome with septic symptoms as a main clinical
      manifestation (author's transl)].

PMID- 691830
TI  - [A case of amputation neuroma following cholecystectomy (author's transl)].

PMID- 691831
TI  - Gc subtypes demonstrated by isoelectric focusing: further data and description of
      new variants among an African sample (Fula) from Senegal.

PMID- 691832
TI  - The distribution of the group-specific component (Gc) subtypes in Japanese.

PMID- 691833
TI  - Group-specific component (Gc) polymorphism in Japanese: an investigation on the
      phenotypic distribution with regard to the Gc allele.

PMID- 691834
TI  - Saliva acid phosphatases and amylase in Senoi and aboriginal Malays and
      superoxide dismutase in various racial groups of Peninsular Malaysia.

PMID- 691835
TI  - Red cell glyoxalase I polymorphism in Japanese: confirmation of a low GLO
      frequency.

PMID- 691836
TI  - A case of leprechaunism with chromosome abnormality (46, XX, der(21), t(3;21)(q26
      or 27;q22)pat).

PMID- 691837
TI  - A partial short arm deletion of chromosome 20:46, XY, del(20)(p11).

PMID- 691838
TI  - Cytogenetic studies in patients with cleft lip and/or cleft palate (IV)
      (screening studies or chromosomes, from August 1973 to August 1977).

PMID- 691839
TI  - A case of distal 4q trisomy due to familial (4;5)(q31;p15) translocation.

PMID- 691840
TI  - A genetic and epidemiologic study of polydactyly in human embryos in Japan.

PMID- 691841
TI  - The distribution of the ABO blood groups in Japan.

PMID- 691842
TI  - [Inflamatory changes of chest roentgenogram by smoking habits and types of
      occupation (author's transl)].

PMID- 691843
TI  - [Relationships of time-weighted average (TWA) mercury exposure to urine and blood
      inorganic mercury levels in thermometer workers (author's transl)].

PMID- 691844
TI  - [Changes of the cardiovascular system of rabbits subjected to static magnetic
      field of 600 Oe (author's transl)].

PMID- 691845
TI  - [Determination of beryllium in blood by fluorometric analysis (author's transl)].

PMID- 691846
TI  - [Studies on industrial styrene poisoning (Part VIII). Distribution and
      elimination of styrene in rats exposed to styrene (author's transl)].

PMID- 691847
TI  - [Micro-determination of acetaldehyde in the blood of rats by a syringe
      equilibration method (author's transl)].

PMID- 691848
TI  - [Studies on industrial styrene poisoning (Part IX). Distribution of styrene in
      tissues of rats by repeated exposures and intraperitoneal administrations of
      styrene (author's transl)].

PMID- 691849
TI  - [A simple method for the determination of phenylglyoxylic acid in urine by high
      speed liquid chromatography (author's transl)].

PMID- 691850
TI  - [Studies of fatigue of hospital nurses due to shift work--with special reference
      to night shifts and short off-duty (author's transl)].

PMID- 691851
TI  - [Studies on muscular strength-myogram (MSMG). Part 2. Analysis of neck, shoulder,
      back and waist pains by the muscular strength myogram (MSMG) (author's transl)].

PMID- 691852
TI  - [Computer simulation of the cerebellar Golgi-granular system (author's transl)].

PMID- 691853
TI  - [Fundamental study on automated measurements of changes in chest X-ray images
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 691854
TI  - [A new system for quantitative analysis of the exercise electrocardiogram
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 691855
TI  - [The pupillary near reflex (author's transl)].

PMID- 691857
TI  - [Simple electronic circuit for temporal analysis of gait (author's transl)].

PMID- 691856
TI  - [Development of iso-baric contraction system for the analysis of the ventricular
      performance (author's transl)].

PMID- 691858
TI  - [Outline of the Medical Information System Development Center (MEDIS-DC)
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 691859
TI  - [About the noise margin of the medical equipment (author's transl)].

PMID- 691860
TI  - [Blood glucose regulation in the depancreatized dogs by the artificial beta cell
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 691861
TI  - [Leg-load alarm system for partial-weight-bearing walking exercise (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 691862
TI  - Simultaneous determination of circadian rhythms of locomotor activity and body
      temperature in the rat.
AB  - Stimultaneous determination of the circadian rhythms of locomotor activity and
      body temperature was carried out in the rat. Deep body temperature was monitored
      continuously using a telemetric device. The circadian rhythm of locomotor
      activity was characterized by clustering of several bursts of activity during the
      dark period. The circadian rhythm of body temperature was also characterized by
      bursts of small fluctuations which were well correlated with those of locomotor
      activity. Correlation between the two functions was such that the regression line
      expressing body temperature as a function of locomotor activity had approximately
      the same slope for dark and light periods, but a body temperature for a given
      amount of locomotor activity was significantly higher during the dark period than
      during the light one. After a prolonged exposure to constant light, the circadian
      rhythm disappeared in both functions. Both showed bursts of fluctuations which
      were correlated with each other. These results indicate that the bursts of body
      temperature increment were dependent on those of the locomotor activity. However,
      manifestation of the circadian rhythm per se of body temperature could not be
      explained as resulting exclusively from the circadian fluctuation of locomotor
      activity.

PMID- 691863
TI  - Scotopic retinal sensitivity in man as determined with visually evoked cortical
      potentials.
AB  - Scotopic properties of the peripheral retina in man was studied by recording
      visually evoked cortical potentials (VECPs). The intensity required for a
      criterion latency of the scotopic VECP was compared with the sensory threshold in
      a number of situations where the stimulating retinal site and the area of the
      stimulus were altered. With circular spot stimulation, the VECT amplitude
      attenuated greatly as the stimulus site moved to peripheral 10 degrees and was
      almost null when stimulation was made outside it. However, within the retinal
      area from the fovea to peripheral 10 degrees, the VECP sensitivity was found to
      vary according to the rod distribution, as suggested from the sensory threshold. 
      Stimulation with annular patterns revealed that the parallelism between the VECP
      sensitivity and the rod distribution holds good within up to 30 degrees from the
      fovea. A strong summation was proved to be operative for eliciting VECPs by
      stimulation of the peripheral retina.

PMID- 691864
TI  - Electrophysiological comparison between the longitudinal and circular muscles of
      the rat uterus during the estrous cycle and pregnancy.
AB  - The membrane activities of the longitudinal and circular muscles bundle of rat
      uteri were recorded with a single sucrose gap method, using animals at various
      stages of the estrous cycle, pregnancy and after ovariectomy. In the longitudinal
      muscle during estrus, an initial plateau potential was followed by a slow
      potential. During diestrus and metestrus, an asynchronized action potential
      composed of plateau and a slow potential were exhibited. The action potential
      recorded in uteri taken out of an ovariectomized animal or during early pregnancy
      was similar to that of uteri during diestrus and metestrus. The circular muscle
      during estrus gave a plateau potential similar to that of the longitudinal
      muscle. During diestrus, metestrus, early pregnancy and in the ovariectomized
      uterus, the membrane activity of the circular muscle was decomposed to produced
      small plateaus. The spike activity took place in the longitudinal muscle after
      mid-pregnancy. The slow potential was dominant in the circular muscle during mid
      pregnancy, while spikes were progressively generated toward term. Those
      differences of membrane activity between the longitudinal and circular muscle
      bundles were discussed in relation to the endogenous change in the sex steroid
      hormones.

PMID- 691865
TI  - Atropine-resistant excitation of motility of the dog stomach and colon induced by
      stimulation of the extrinsic nerves and their centers.
AB  - The atropine-resistant contraction of the alimentary canal, first reported by
      CAMPBELL (1966) and subsequently confirmed by others, was examined in dog in
      vivo. The gastric and colonic motor excitations were examined by stimulating the
      extrinsic nerves, the medulla oblongata or the spinal cord and its roots.
      Prolonged stimulation of the vagus, medulla oblongata or splanchnic nerve,
      thoracic cord and its dorsal root produced excitation of the gastric motility
      even after intravenous injection of sufficient atropine, although the intensity
      and frequency of peristalsis were slightly reduced. Prolonged latent periods were
      characteristic of the atropine-resistant excitation in the stomach, the latency
      being 29.8--49.4 sec as compared to 2.3--14.5 sec in control (without atropine).
      On the other hand, the colonic excitation induced by the stimulation of the
      pelvic nerve, or sacral cord and its ventral root was not inhibited by atropine;
      no prolongation in latency and reduction of peristalsis was observed.

PMID- 691866
TI  - Antitumor agents. II. Effect of 5-fluorouracil and cyclophosphamide on
      immunological parameters and liver microsomes of tumor-bearing rats.
AB  - An attempt has been made to clarify immunosuppressive properties of anti-tumor
      agents by studying the effect of the agents on the thymus, the reticulo
      endothelial system (RES) and hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme activities of tumor
      (an ascites hepatoma, AH 130 cells)-bearing rats. A drastic decrease in the
      thymus weight and the total number of the lymphocytes and an enhanced activity of
      thymus alkaline phosphatase were detected by injecting either 5-fluorouracil
      (5FU) or cyclophosphamide (CP) (30 mg each/kg weight, i.p.) daily for 5 days to
      tumor-bearing rats. The agents, however, did not induce any conspicuous damage in
      microsomal mixed function oxidase system or the RES. The presence of 10-day-old
      tumor resulted in an extreme decrease in the weight and lymphocytes of thymus and
      a partial decrease in the microsomal drug metabolizing enzyme activities and the
      RES. Thus, these antitumor agents may lead to the decline of host-mediated immune
      mechanism. The multiplication of the tumor cells also appears to depress the
      immune functions and the host resistance.

PMID- 691867
TI  - Pharmacological studies on experimental nephritic rats (2). Antinephritic effect
      of various drugs on Masugi's nephritis.
AB  - Masugi's nephritis was induced in rats by a single i.v. injection of antikidney
      serum from rabbits immunized with the homogenate of rat whole kidneys. The
      antinephritic effect of drugs was evaluated through determination of biochemical
      parameters such as contents of protein and enzymes excreted into the urine and
      serum cholesterol content by the preadministration and intermittent
      administration tests. In the preadministration test, of test drugs, betamethasone
      (0.2 mg/kg +/- 3 p.o.) and azathioprine (25 mg/kg +/- 3 p.o.) showed an
      antinephritic effect. Betamethasone in particular resulted in normalization of
      urine and serum parameters. In the intermittent test, all drugs tested were
      effective. Significant recovery effects were observed with betamethasone (0.1
      mg/kg +/- 6 p.o.),, prednisolone (5 mg/kg +/- 6 p.o.), azathioprine (30 mg/kg +/-
      6 p.o.), tranexamic acid (200 mg/kg +/- 6 i.p.) and cetraxate (100 mg/kg 6 i.p.)
      on urinary protein excretion and with all test drugs including indomethacin (5
      mg/kg +/- 6 p.o.) and cyclophosphamide (2.5 mg/kg +/- 6 p.o.) on urinary exzyme
      excretions. Serum cholesterol levels reverted to normal levels after
      administration of betamethasone. Using this nephritic model, the antinephritic
      effect of drugs could be tentatively evaluated.

PMID- 691868
TI  - Drug-induced adrenaline release and blood glucose in rats: DL-1-methyl-2-(beta
      naphthyl)-aziridine.
AB  - Effects of 1-methyl-2-(beta-naphthyl)-aziridine (250059-S), which possesses
      characteristic tranquilizing actions on levels of blood glucose and liver
      glygogen, and on adrenaline release from the adrenal gland were studied in rats.
      While there was no elevation of blood glucose, a decrease of liver glycogen was
      detected after an s.c. injection of 250059-S (5 or 25 mg/kg). Marked decrease of
      adrenaline content in adrenal glands was observed 2 hours after subcutaneous
      administration of 50 mg/kg of this compound. This result is consistent with the
      marked adrenaline secretion from the adrenal gland into adrenal-venous blood
      after injection of 25 mg/kg or more of 250059-S. In splanchnicotomized rats,
      however, 250059-S-induced adrenaline release was not clearly observed.
      Pretreatment with 250059-S, prevented adrenaline-induced hyperglycemia. 250059-S,
      at doses of 10 and 25 mg/kg, elevated the plasma insulin level to about twice
      that of the control. The 250059-S-induced depletion of liver glycogen was not
      completely blocked by adrenal demedullation, although it completely disappeared
      with pretreatment with 10 mg/kg of propranolol. In conclusion, 250059-S causes
      hypersecretion of adrenaline from the adrenal glands through excitation of the
      splanchnic nerves, though it causes no elevation of blood glucose, mainly because
      of its direct or indirect blocking action on adrenaline hyperglycemia.

PMID- 691869
TI  - Enhancement in vivo of drug oxidations following administration of benzphetamine,
      acetone, metyrapone and dimethylsulfoxide.
AB  - Effects of benzphetamine, acetone, metyrapone and dimethylsulfoxide
      administration to rats on the metabolism of drugs by liver 9,000 x g supernatant
      fraction were studied herein. Activities for aniline hydroxylation and phenacetin
      O-deethylation were increased while ethylmorphine and benzphetamine N
      demethylations were unchanged by the single administration of acetone, metyrapone
      or dimethylsulfoxide. Increase in aniline hydroxylase activity by about 53.4% and
      in phenacetin O-deethylase activity by about 44.4% were observed at 30 min after
      the single administration of benzphetamine whereas ethylmorphine N-demethylase
      activity was slightly decreased. NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase activity and
      cytochrome P-450 content were unaltered until 12 hr after the single
      administration of benzphetamine. Aniline hydroxylation was increased by the
      addition of benzphetamine to the incubation mixture and the increase in aniline
      hydroxylation caused by benzphetamine could be reversed by washing the
      microsomes.

PMID- 691870
TI  - A device for recording left ventricular contraction and electrocardiogram in
      nonworking isolated perfused rat heart.
AB  - Using the isolated Langendorff rat heart preparation perfused at a constant flow
      rate (about 6 ml.min-1 pro heart) with a modified Krebs-Henseleit solution,
      methods for recording left ventricular cavity pressure and electrocardiogram
      (ECG) changes were devised. Stable levels of mechanical activities were reached
      60--90 min after start of perfusion and were maintained for at least 4 hr. When
      either norepinephrine (0.05--0.15 microgram) was injected into the aortic bulb of
      the heart, sensitive changes in the measurable cardiac parameters were observed
      and changes in ECG patterns were particularly characteristic. Our results
      indicate that this experimental model may be useful for evaluating numerous
      functions of the isolated heart.

PMID- 691871
TI  - A modulating role of taurine on release of acetylcholine and norepinephrine from
      neuronal tissues.
AB  - Effects of taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) on the uptake and release of 14C
      acetylcholine (14C-ACh) and 3H-norepinephrine (3H-NE) in the superior cervical
      ganglion and cerebral cortex of the rat were studied. Taurine suppressed high
      potassium evoked release of 14C-ACh and 3H-NE from the rat superior cervical
      ganglia and cerebral cortical slices, while the drug did not modify per se the
      uptake and unstimulated (spontaneous) release of 14C-ACh and 3H-NE in these
      tissues. Furthermore, taurine inhibited the release of 3H-NE from the crude
      synaptosomal (P2) fraction of the rat brain without affecting the uptake. These
      results suggest that taurine may act as a modulator of neuronal activity,
      possibly by stabilizing excitable membrane and by suppressing the release of
      neurotansmitter at synapses.

PMID- 691872
TI  - Pharmacological studies on experimental nephritic rats (3). Changes in the
      connective tissue components of renal cortex in the modified type of Masugi's
      nephritis.
AB  - Using a modified type of Masugi's nephritis, quantitative changes in several
      connective tissue components of renal cortex during the process of nephritis were
      compared with those of the contents of urinary protein and serum cholesterol.
      Levels of urinary protein and serum cholesterol were highest 10 days after anti
      kidney serum injection and nearly normal levels were reverted to on the 30th day.
      The levels of sialic acid, uronic acid and hydroxyproline in the renal cortex of
      the nephritic group significantly increased from the 1st, 5th and 10th days,
      respectively compared with the normal group. The sialic acid content reached a
      peak with an increase of approx. 40% on the 15th day, reverting to almost the
      normal level on the 30th day, while the uronic acid and hydroxyproline levels
      continued to increase slowly after the 15th day, reaching rates of approx. 70%
      and 40%, respectively on the 30th day. The hexosamine content reached a maximum
      of 20% on the 20th day. Quantitative changes in connective tissue components of
      the renal cortex due to nephritis appear to reflect the degree of the repair of
      injured renal tissue.

PMID- 691873
TI  - Relationship between cerebral energy failure and free fatty acid accumulation
      following prolonged brain ischemia.
AB  - Prolonged ischemia by bilateral carotid artery ligation in rats resulted in
      cerebral edema with a reduced energy state. Mitochondria isolated from the
      ischemic brain showed an impairment of oxidative phosphorylation. The ischemic
      brain was also characterized by remarkable accumulation of free fatty acids known
      to have properties as an uncoupling factor. The major components of increased
      free fatty acids were palmitic, stearic, oleic and arachidonic acids. The
      analysis of saponified myelin and mitochondrial lipids from the ischemic brain
      showed a decrease in fatty acid contents. The main components of decreased fatty
      acids in these subcellular fractions corresponded to those of free fatty acids
      accumulating in the ischemic brain. These results indicate that cerebral energy
      failure in the ischemic brain is related to the accumulation of free fatty acids,
      which are derived from endogenous brain lipids.

PMID- 691874
TI  - Influence of surgical sympathectomy on gastric secretion and ulceration in rats.
AB  - The influences of sympathectomy on gastrointestinal mucosa, gastric secretion,
      acute or chronic gastric ulcers were studied in rats. Uncer ether anesthesia,
      sympathectomy was performed by surgical removal of the celiac ganglion. Surgical
      sympathectomy per se produced no pathological changes in the gastrointestinal
      tract as determined by macroscopical observation 3, 10 or 20 days after
      operation. The volume of gastric juice and pepsin output were not influenced by
      the sympathectomy but gastric acid output was significantly increased in pylorus
      ligated rats. The sympathectomy worsened the stress- and the indomethacin-induced
      ulcer and delayed the healing of chronic gastric ulcers a little but not
      significantly, and had no deteriorative influence on the reserpine-induced
      ulcers. In contrast, Shay ulcers, aspirin- or secrotonin-induced ulcers were
      significantly aggravated by sympathectomy. The loss of H+ ions and gain of Na+
      ions in the gastric juice of pylorus-ligated and aspirin-treated rats were not
      affected by sympathectomy.

PMID- 691875
TI  - Effects of hydrocortisone and prednisolone on the diuretic and antidiuretic
      effects of prostaglandin E2 in rats.

PMID- 691876
TI  - Effects of atropine and vagotomy on vocalization of the rabbit.

PMID- 691877
TI  - [Postoperative pulmonary dysfunction and open heart surgery with cardiopulmonary
      bypass--a clinical study in patients with pulmonary hypertension (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 691878
TI  - [Rapid cooling and rewarming device for induced profound surface hypothermia in
      open heart surgery (author's transl)].

PMID- 691879
TI  - [Traumatic diaphragmatic rupture caused by blunt trauma (author's transl)].

PMID- 691880
TI  - [Tracheobronchial reconstruction--especially specificity related to
      reconstructive site (author's transl)].

PMID- 691881
TI  - [Some problems in the surgical treatment of corrected transposition of the great
      arteries (author's transl)].

PMID- 691882
TI  - [Designing of a stereophonic stethoscope].

PMID- 691883
TI  - [A new method of intraatrial electrode fixation by percutaneous atrial puncture
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 691884
TI  - [Rupture of left ventricle wall after mitral valve replacement (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 691885
TI  - [Surgical treatment of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome complicating with Ebstein's
      anomaly (author's transl)].

PMID- 691886
TI  - [Two cases of pericardiac cyst arisen in upper mediastinum--experiences of the
      surgical treatment and review of the recent references (author's transl)].

PMID- 691887
TI  - [Clinical conference at the 2nd Department of Surgery, Hokkaido University. 2.
      Preoperative evaluation of pulmonary valve atresia].

PMID- 691888
TI  - [Surgical treatment and its problems of the aortic disease (author's transl)].

PMID- 691889
TI  - [Surgical treatment of the aortic diseases (author's transl)].

PMID- 691890
TI  - [Surgical correction of Ebstein's anomaly by tricuspid valvulectomy without
      prosthetic replacement--a new surgical approach (author's transl)].

PMID- 691892
TI  - [A study of factors contributing to myocardial protection during open heart
      surgery (author's transl)].

PMID- 691891
TI  - [A method of myocardial protection (author's transl)].

PMID- 691893
TI  - [Maximum reversible time interval of myocardial ischemia in various methods for
      topical cardiac hypothermia (author's transl)].

PMID- 691894
TI  - [Effects of phenoxybenzamine on pulmonary shunt in the early postoperative period
      following open heart surgery--blood gas analysis and hemodynamic studies
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 691895
TI  - [Weight of thymus in the patient with myasthenia gravis (author's transl)].

PMID- 691896
TI  - [Open heart surgery without blood transfusion (author's transl)].

PMID- 691897
TI  - [Surgical treatment of tetralogy of Fallot associated with anomalous origin of
      left pulmonary artery (author's transl)].

PMID- 691898
TI  - [Multiple pulmonary hamartoma (author's transl)].

PMID- 691899
TI  - [A case report of left atrial myxoma treated surgically with success (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 691900
TI  - [Chronic vasodilator therapy in the management of severe aortic regurgitation
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 691901
TI  - [Clinical conference at the 1st Surgical Department of the Kanazawa University-
      commissure valve diseases following subacute endocarditis].

PMID- 691902
TI  - [Progressive pulmonary hypertension developed after intracardiac repair of
      tetralogy of Fallot (author's transl)].

PMID- 691903
TI  - [Two cases of total correction of tetralogy of Fallot with mirror-image
      dextrocardia (author's transl)].

PMID- 691904
TI  - [Two-stage total correction for tetralogy of Fallot with anomalous anterior
      descending coronary artery--a method preventing adhesion (author's transl)].

PMID- 691905
TI  - [Systemic to pulmonary artery anastomosis in the treatment of congenital cyanotic
      heart disease (author's transl)].

PMID- 691906
TI  - [A case report of successful surgical repair of double outlet of right ventricle
      (S,L,L) (author's transl)].

PMID- 691907
TI  - [The wave form analysis in patients with implanted pacemakers (author's transl)].

PMID- 691908
TI  - [Combined aortic and mitral valve replacement under anoxic arrest with topical
      cooling (author's transl)].

PMID- 691909
TI  - [Empyema after resection for bronchogenic carcinoma and survival (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 691910
TI  - [A case report of sinus bradycardia (author's transl)].

PMID- 691911
TI  - [Spontaneous remission of myasthenia gravis in the patients with thymoma
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 691912
TI  - [A case report of levocardia with septal defects and left inferior vena cava
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 691913
TI  - [Surgical correction of complete atrioventricular canal utilizing two valve
      replacement (author's transl)].

PMID- 691914
TI  - [Successful surgical correction of a type A interrupted aortic arch with
      ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus through the median
      sternotomy (author's transl)].

PMID- 691915
TI  - [A case of successful Bentall's operation for annulo-aortic ectasia under anoxic
      arrest with topical cooling (author's transl)].

PMID- 691917
TI  - Histological studies on the kinetics of the spermatogenesis in the mink (Mustela
      vison). VII. Cellular association in the seminiferous epithelium in the pre
      breeding season (16 months old).

PMID- 691916
TI  - [Clinical conference at the 1st Surgical Department, Kanazawa University. 2.
      Preoperative evaluation of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome in a child].

PMID- 691918
TI  - Morphological studies on the rete mirabile epidurale in the calf.

PMID- 691919
TI  - Clinical conferences at The Johns Hopkins Hospital.  Pancreatic pseudocyst.

PMID- 691920
TI  - Treatment of antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis with cholestyramine
      resin.
AB  - Pseudomembranous colitis (PMC) is an infrequent but serious complication of oral
      and intravenous antibiotic therapy. Twelve patients with antibiotic-associated
      PMC, documented by sigmoidoscopy and rectal biopsy, were treated with
      cholestyramine resin. The mean time from the institution of therapy to cessation
      of diarrhea was 2.1 days. The response interval bore no relationship to the time
      symptoms were present prior to therapy. Complete resolution of sigmoidoscopic and
      histologic evidence of PMC usually accompanied or followed cessation of diarrhea.
      Obstipation was reported in 5 of 12 patients as a side effect of cholestyramine
      treatment. Therapy should be continued for up to five days after cessation of
      diarrhea to prevent recurrence of active PMC. Cholestyramine resin is shown to be
      an effective treatment for antibiotic-associated PMC.

PMID- 691921
TI  - [Frequency of isolation and kind of species of acid-fast organisms isolated from
      patients hospitalized in National Chubu Hospital in 1972 to 1976 (five years)
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 691922
TI  - [Studies on the acid-fast bacilli isolated from natural source. 1. Isolation and
      identification method of acid-fast bacilli from soil (author's transl)].

PMID- 691923
TI  - [Exudative pleurisy occurring during chemotherapy for pulmonary tuberculosis
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 691924
TI  - [An autopsy case of pulmonary tuberculosis with perforation of caseous left hilar
      node and complication of atypical interstitial pneumonia--associated
      anthoracopneumoconiosis (author's transl)].

PMID- 691925
TI  - [Effect of early motor rehabilitation on the course of myocardial infarct].

PMID- 691926
TI  - [Massive pulmonary artery embolization. An analysis of diagnostic and therapeutic
      methods in an intensive care unit].

PMID- 691927
TI  - [Echocardiographic changes in ventricular septic defects in children (preliminary
      report)].

PMID- 691928
TI  - [Treatment of essential hypertension with pindolol].

PMID- 691929
TI  - [Value of measurement of the HV interval in His bundle electrocardiography in the
      evaluation of fascicular blocks].

PMID- 691930
TI  - [Effect of glucagon on the dynamics of the left heart ventricle in the light of
      apex cardiography analysis].

PMID- 691931
TI  - [Determination of sinus atrial conduction time by means of transesophageal
      stimulation of the atrium with single impulses].

PMID- 691932
TI  - [Concentration of blood free fatty acids during the pain caused by developing
      myocardial infarct].

PMID- 691933
TI  - [Protamine and ethanol paracoagulation tests in patients with heart valve disease
      in relation to various pulmonary circulatory indices].

PMID- 691934
TI  - [Valsalva's sinus aneurysm].

PMID- 691935
TI  - [Theoretical basis of the treatment of acute myocardial infarct by the left
      ventricular after-load reduction method].

PMID- 691936
TI  - [Thrombosis of small pulmonary vessels].

PMID- 691937
TI  - [Serial determinations of serum creatine kinase activity in the evaluation of the
      extent of myocardial infarct].

PMID- 691938
TI  - [First clinical experiences with high doses of adrenal steroids in the treatment
      of acute myocardial infarct].

PMID- 691939
TI  - [Physical rehabilitation of elderly patients following acute myocardial infarct].

PMID- 691940
TI  - [Possibilities of clinical diagnosis of functionally corrected transposition of
      great arterial trunks in infants].

PMID- 691941
TI  - [Routine and extreme right ECG records in pneumonia in infants with reference to
      the effect of lung inflation on the morphology of the curve].

PMID- 691942
TI  - [Effect of myocardial revascularization on the functional state of the left
      ventricle. I. Invasive studies].

PMID- 691943
TI  - [Assessment of the effect of myocardial revascularization on the functional state
      of the left ventricle. II. Polycardiographic studies].

PMID- 691944
TI  - [Simultaneous intraventricular and intra-aortic counterpulsation in the treatment
      of cardiogenick shock].

PMID- 691946
TI  - [Counterpulsation in the treatment of acute myocardial infarct].

PMID- 691945
TI  - [Protective effect of methylprednisolone on the size of experimental myocardial
      infarct].

PMID- 691947
TI  - [Personality characteristics and the late prognosis of myocardial infarct
      (results of a 5-year follow-up)].
AB  - Prospective five-year follow-up of patients with ischemic heart disease who had
      suffered from macrofocal myocardial infarction between the age of 29 and 54 and
      who had been previously examined by a psychologist was conducted. Within the five
      year period, myocardial infarction recurred in 29 patients (it was fatal in 10),
      sudden death occurred in 13 patients. Total mortality was 25.5%. The incidence of
      recurrent myocardial infarction, the frequency of sudden death, and the total
      mortality of ischemic heart disease were 3, 2.3 and 3 times higher, respectively,
      in patients classed according to the personality features as type I which is
      close to type A (63 persons) than in patients (27 persons) possessing premorbidly
      personality features close to type B (type II). The importance of premorbid
      personality features in the remote prognosis in myocardial infarction is
      suggested.

PMID- 691948
TI  - [Changes in sinoatrial node function in ischemic heart disease].
AB  - Seventy-nine patients with ischemic heart disease were examined. Weakness of the
      sinus node was suspected in 32 patients according to the clinical findings and
      the ECG; diagnostic atrial stimulation was conducted. Sinoatrial node potential
      was registered in the form of a spike in patients with ischemic heart disease.
      Direct stimulation from the region of the sinoatrial node was performed. The
      stimulator impulse was followed by a distinct potential of the sinoatrial node in
      the form of a spike which was continuous with the wave of atrial depolarization.
      The time of sinoatrial conduction (from the onset of the sinoatrial) node
      potential to the first atrial spike) was determined in 47 patients with ischemic
      heart disease. It was determined that under the effect of nitroglycerin the time
      of sinoatrial conduction becomes significantly shorter (reduced from 29 +/- 10.6
      to 20 +/- 8.3 msec).

PMID- 691950
TI  - [Rheological properties of the blood in ischemic heart disease].
AB  - The rheologic properties of blood were studied in 40 patients with ischemic heart
      disease both with affected and with intact cardiac coronary arteries (according
      to the findings of angiography) and in 13 persons with cardialgia due to
      vegetovascular dystonia. Significant hemorheologic pathology according to all
      values was revealed in patients with ischemic heart disease. It was noted that
      the growth of the fluidity threshold depends on the developing pathologic
      erythrocyte aggregation which is not associated with changes in the concentration
      of plasma fibrinogen. The importance of disorders in blood rheology in the origin
      of angina pectoris and myocardial infarction is discussed.

PMID- 691949
TI  - [Surgical treatment of occlusive lesions of the aorta and major arteries].
AB  - Operations were performed on 262 patients with occlusive lesions of the abdominal
      aorta and major arteries. In 41 patients a lateral venous autograft was applied
      after endarterectomy, in 42 an autovenous shunt was created after open
      endarterectomy, 26 patients underwent eversion endarterectomy. Prosthetic
      alloplasty of the aorta and major arteries was conducted on 63 patients and an
      allograft shunt was formed in 41. Lumbar sympathectomy was carried out on all
      patients as a rule after reconstructive-restorative operations. Nineteen patients
      died after the operation. Complications developed in the postoperative period in
      41 patients. Marked improvement or the disappearance of the symptoms of the
      disease was noted in the immediate postoperative period in 231 patients (95%).

PMID- 691951
TI  - [Rheological properties of the blood and paroxysmal disorders of cardiac rhythm].
AB  - Blood viscosity, platelet and erythrocyte aggregation, venous hematocrit, and
      blood free fatty acid, fibrinogen, and glucose content were studied in dynamics
      in 63 patients with paroxysmal disorders of cardiac rhythm. During an attack of
      arrhythmia, the viscosity of blood, aggregation of erythrocytes, and the
      concentration of free fatty acids and glucose in blood were significantly
      increased, while the degree and rate of the reversibility of platelet aggregation
      were reduced. The reversibility of platelet aggregation increased after the
      attacks had been arrested with drugs and slightly decreased after
      electroimpulsive therapy. This may underlie the development of thromboembolic
      complications and postconversion arrhythmias after electropuls therapy. Increase
      in the rate of erythrocyte aggregation immediately after the arrest of an attack
      by an electric discharge was also revealed. The authors believe that
      deterioration of the blood rheologic properties is one of the pathogenetic
      mechanisms of the development of cardiac arrhythmias.

PMID- 691952
TI  - [Effect of intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation on regional blood circulation].
AB  - The effect of intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation (IABC) on the volume blood
      flow in the descending branch of the left coronary artery and in the vertebral,
      renal, and femoral arteries was studied in dog experiments by means of an
      electromagnetic flowmeter. Resistography was applied to appraise the regulatory
      changes in the resistance to the blood flow in the vascular regions mentioned
      during IABC. It is shown that the increase in the coronary and cerebral blood
      flow during IABC is not associated with the reflex dilation of the resistant
      vessels of the heart and brain and is mainly due to a rise of diastolic pressure
      in the aorta. The volume blood flow in the kidney and hind extremity is
      maintained during IABC at a level close to the initial level due to regulatory
      decrease of the resistance of the vessels of these organs.

PMID- 691953
TI  - [Assessment of the effectiveness of reconstructive operations on the abdominal
      aorta in concomitant lesion of the femoral arteries].

PMID- 691954
TI  - [Diagnosis and surgical treatment of complicated aneurysms of the infrarenal
      portion of the aorta].

PMID- 691955
TI  - [Rheological properties of the blood in acute venous thrombosis].

PMID- 691956
TI  - [Changes in circulating blood volume in ischemic heart disease under physical
      load].

PMID- 691957
TI  - [Drug test for differentiating ventricular and supraventricular paroxysmal
      tachycardia].

PMID- 691958
TI  - [Evaluation of the end diastolic pressure in the left ventricle according to
      right-sided catheterization data in ischemic heart disease].

PMID- 691959
TI  - [Prophylactic action of complex heparin-urea and adrenaline--heparin-fibrinogen
      compounds in thrombogenesis imitation in animals].

PMID- 691960
TI  - [Clinical aspects of circulatory disorders in the vertebral arteries and the
      possibilities for their surgical treatment].
AB  - Experience in the follow-up of 84 patients who underwent operation for transient
      cerebral vascular insufficiency in the vertebro-basilar bed is summarized. It was
      found that most patients with abnormally tortuous or anomalously branching
      vertebral arteries had transient disorders of the carciac rhythm or increased
      arterial pressure. Operative treatment of such patients contributes to correction
      of the neurologic symptoms and leads to normalization of the cardiac rhythm and
      arterial pressure.

PMID- 691961
TI  - [Importance of radioisotope angiography in the diagnosis of vascular diseases].
AB  - Radioisotope angiography demonstrates successfully occlusion of the abdominal
      aorta, aneurysms of the thoracic and abdominal aorta, and occlusion of the iliac
      and femoral arteries. In occlusion of the renal artery this method supplements
      contrast vasography of the kidneys providing a quantitative concept of the
      functional peculiarities and dynamics of the renal blood flow. The results of
      radioisotope angiography were in full agreement with the clinical picture of the
      disease and the findings of contrast X-ray angiography in 81.7% of cases; in
      11.3% they coincided partly and only in 7% of cases the results were dissimilar.

PMID- 691962
TI  - [Diagnosis of pulmonary thromboembolisms].
AB  - The article is concerned with the methods used in the diagnosis of
      thromboembolism of the pulmonary artery. It is based on the experience in the
      examination of 160 patients admitted to the clinic with suspected pulmonary
      embolism, in 134 of whom the diagnosis was confirmed. The diagnostic
      possibilities of noncontrast X-ray examination of the lungs, electrocardio- and
      rheopneumography, catheterization of the heart and angiopneumography, and
      perfusion scan of the lungs are appraised.

PMID- 691963
TI  - [Pulmonary embolisms as a complication of acute arterial obstruction of the lower
      extremities].
AB  - This is an analysis of 130 cases with embolism of the pulmonary artery with a
      lethal outcome, which had developed in patients suffering from occlusion of the
      lower extremities. It is noted that the origin of embolism of the system of the
      pulmonary artery depends on the severity of ischemia of the tissues of the
      affected extremity and pointed out that this menacing complication develops both
      in the stage of ischemia and in the postischemic period. For the prevention of
      pulmonary embolism in patients with severe ischemia or gangrene of the lower
      extremities, it is recommended that operative treatment (corrective operations on
      the arteries or amputation) should be combined with inspection of the major
      veins.

PMID- 691964
TI  - [Chronic abdominal ischemia syndrome].
AB  - The article analyses 303 cases with affection of the visceral branches of the
      abdominal aorta. In 210 cases it was caused by atherosclerosis, in 67 by
      nonspecific aorto-arteritis and in 26 by extravasal factors. In 190 cases there
      were no clinical manifestations of occlusive lesions. The abdominal syndrome was
      found in 113 patients. The main symptoms were abdominal pain (in 94 patients),
      intestinal dysfunction (in 84) associated with the intake of food, and in severe
      stages of ischemia, progressive loss of body weight (in 46 patients). On grounds
      of the case history, the presence of a murmur in the epigastrium, and symptoms of
      involvement of other arteries it may be assumed that the abdominal abnormalities
      are of vascular origin. The principal diagnostic method is angiography which
      makes it possible to identify and record the affection of visceral branches of
      the abdominal aorta.

PMID- 691965
TI  - [Surgery of acute arterial obstruction].

PMID- 691966
TI  - [Current status of the diagnosis and surgical treatment of the
      postthrombophlebitic syndrome of the lower extremities and pelvis].
AB  - The clinical, phlebographic, and hemodynamic signs of the postthrombophlebitic
      syndrome were studied. In 99.3% of patients the disease was found to be attended
      with edema of the extremities, in 100%--with the pain syndrome, in 64.2%--with
      pigmentation, in 59.7%--with tissue induration, and in 53.6% of patients--with
      trophic ulcers. A study of microcirculation revealed a significant increase of
      the time of tissue resorption. The venous pressure proved to be increased; the
      degree of its normalization is an objective test for the success of the
      operation. The volume blood flow in the affected extremity was 1.8 times that in
      the normal extremity. Contrast X-ray examination of the veins showed
      phlebographic signs of the disease. Reconstructive operations on the deep veins
      were performed in 109 patients; 85.4% had good remote results. Linton's operation
      was performed on 29 patients, Cockett's operation--on 17, and Felder's operation-
      on 8 patients; good remote results were noted in 75.7% of cases. For determining
      the tactics of the treatment and its prognostication, a classification of the
      postthrombophlebitic syndrome is suggested.

PMID- 691967
TI  - ["Chronic thrombophlebitis" and its modern problems].
AB  - The most urgent problems of the terminology, diagnosis and treatment of the post
      thrombophlebitic syndrome are discussed. The author believes, in particular, that
      clinical tests and methods which do not require any special expensive equipment
      constitute a diagnostic complex that is quite sufficient in the practice of
      health care. Phlebography should be undertaken when there are definite
      indications. From experience in the performance of more than 500 operations by
      Linton's method, the author claims that this operation is most indicated in the
      post-thrombophlebitic syndrome of the lower extremities; in localization of the
      pathologic process in the ilio-femoral segment, plastic surgery is indicated,
      autovenous shunt of the type of Palm's operation in particular. In some cases
      Palm's and Linton's operations may be combined. Patients with the post
      thrombophlebitic syndrome require rehabilitation after surgery.

PMID- 691968
TI  - [Restorative vascular operations in treating severe ischemia of the lower
      extremities in arteriosclerosis].
AB  - On the basis of their personal experience in the treatment of 266 patients with
      severe ischemia of the lower extremity the authors believe it to be expedient
      under threat of amputation to perform reconstructive vascular operations on the
      aorto-iliac and femoral-popliteal segments. Repeated revascularization of the
      extremity for reocclusion in the late periods after the first reconstructive
      operation was conducted on 116 patients. The frequency of amputations and
      mortality in vascular reconstructive operations are considerably lower than those
      in non-operative treatment and in primary amputation of the extremity.

PMID- 691969
TI  - [Errors, hazards and complications in treating acute obstruction of the aorta and
      major arteries of the extremities].
AB  - Errors made at various stages of the treatment of patients with acute thrombosis
      and embolism of the aorta and major arteries of the extremities were determined
      from the analysis of 476 clinical observations. Insufficient orientation of
      physicians in the problems of acute pathologic conditions of the vessels was the
      main cause of the errors at the prehospital stage. At the stage of specialized
      treatment, assessment of the degree of ischemia of the extremity, the severity of
      the patient's condition, and the viability of the extremity proved most
      difficult.

PMID- 691970
TI  - [Surgical treatment of major vascular injuries].
AB  - The results of surgical management of persons suffering from injuries with damage
      to the major vessels are discussed on the basis of 155 cases with due account for
      the encountered difficulties and errors. With the accumulation of experience in
      the treatment of these patients, the authors were able to reduce mortality (from
      8.7% in 1968--1969 to 2.4% in 1976--1977) and the number of limb amputations
      (from 21.7 to 2.4%, respectively). The outcome of the operation is greatly
      determined by the choice of the operative method which depends on the character,
      localization, and extent of damage of the vessel, contamination of the wound, the
      presence of concomitant injuries, the character of first aid applied at the place
      of the accident and during transportation, and the surgeon's skill.

PMID- 691971
TI  - [Mechanisms of the hemodynamic disorder in embolisms of the major arteries of the
      extremities and the ways for their correction].
AB  - The main mechanisms of hemodynamic disorders are discussed and the means of
      correcting disturbances in homeostasis developing in embolism of the major
      arteries of the extremities are planned. It is shown that activation of the
      sympathico-adrenal system is the principal trigger mechanism of homeostasis
      disorders during acute occlusion of the vessels. This leads to the development of
      cardiac and pulmonary insufficiency. The restoration of circulation in the
      affected extremities is attended with the progression of cardiac, vascular, and
      pulmonary insufficiency. The different outcomes in the correction of 6- and 12
      hour occlusion of the terminal aorta are mostly due to the different functional
      state of the cardiovascular system prior to correction.

PMID- 691972
TI  - Pathogenic mechanisms in early norepinephrine-induced acute renal failure:
      functional and histological correlates of protection.
AB  - The present study investigated the protective effect of acute volume expansion
      (25%) with isotonic saline, isotonic mannitol, and hypertonic mannitol in a model
      of unilateral norepinephrine-induced acute renal failure (ARF). Three hours
      following a 40-min intrarenal infusion of norepinephrine (NE) (0.75
      microgram/kg/min), inulin clearance had fallen from a control value of 54.1 +/-
      6.5 to 1.3 +/- 1.3 ml/min in untreated dogs and fell similarly (P = NS) to 3.3 +/
      1.5 ml/min in animals preexpanded with 0.9% saline (0.75 ml/kg/min). In
      contrast, as compared to the untreated animals, inulin clearance 3 hr post NE
      infusion was significantly greater in dogs preexpanded with 5% mannitol (9.2 +/-
      2.5 ml/min, P less than 0.01), or 20% mannitol (16.6 +/- 3.9 ml/min, P less than
      0.01). The protective effects of 5% and 20% mannitol were not statistically
      different from each other. Recovery of renal excretory function in all groups,
      expressed as 3-hr post NE inulin clearance, correlated with the magnitude of pre
      NE solute excretion rate (r = 0.612, P less than 0.001) and osmolar clearance
      rate (r=0.593, P less than 0.001), but not with pre insult inulin clearance (r =
      0.233, P = NS) or renal blood flow (r = 0.249, P = NS). In the presence of a
      profound fall in inulin clearance, proximal tubular (PT) pressures in untreated
      dogs 3 hr post NE infusion achieved a value equal to control (26 +/- 11 vs. 25 +/
      2 mm Hg). In contrast, pretreatment with isotonic mannitol produced a rise in PT
      pressure both before (45 +/- 4 mm Hg, P less than 0.05) and 3 hr post NE infusion
      (38 +/- 5 mm Hg, P less than 0.05). In all groups of animals, at both 3 and 24 hr
      post NE, tubular injury was observed but glomerular architecture remained normal
      by light and electron microscopy. Conclusion. the protective effect of mannitol
      in this reversible model of ARF did not correlate with inulin clearance, renal
      blood flow, extracellular fluid (ECF) volume, ECF hypertonicity, or renal
      histologic changes but did correlate with the solute excretion rate. The
      increased PT pressures with mannitol both before and after the NE insult could
      contribute to the protective effect of attenuating any relative intratubular
      obstruction.

PMID- 691973
TI  - Hyperlipoproteinemia in experimental chronic renal insufficiency in the rat.
AB  - Lipid metabolism was studied in experimental uremia. Uremic (U) rats were
      compared with sham-operated, pair-fed (PF) controls and with ad-lib-fed (AL)
      controls. In U animals, fasting glucose concentrations were normal,
      immunoreactive serum insulin (IRI) levels were decreased, and immunoreactive
      glucagon levels were increased. A significant increase in the serum concentration
      of all lipid classes was observed: triglycerides were elevated 10-fold above the
      values in PF and AL controls; phospholipids, twofold; total cholesterol,
      threefold; and free cholesterol, sixfold. Cholesterol concentration was increased
      in beta- and pre-beta-lipoproteins and even more so in alpha- and pre-alpha
      lipoproteins. There was an increase in the ratio of free cholesterol/total
      cholesterol. The fatty acid composition of serum lipoproteins was unchanged.
      Concomitantly, in liver tissue, there was no change in lipid content
      (triglyceride, cholesterol) and fatty acid composition. These findings argue
      against glucose- or insulin-mediated changes in hepatic de novo fatty acid
      synthesis, chain elongation, or poly-desaturation. In U animals, the HMG-CoA
      reductase activity of liver microsomes was slightly, but not significantly,
      reduced as was tritiated water incorporation into cholesterol in isolated
      perfused liver preparations. In adipose tissue, there was a decrease in
      triglyceride content. The results provide evidence against insulin-mediated
      hepatic overproduction as a major cause of hyperlipoproteinemia in this model of
      experimental renal insufficiency and point to peripheral under-utilization of
      lipoproteins.

PMID- 691975
TI  - Phlorizin stimulation of p-aminohippurate uptake in rat kidney cortex slices.
AB  - Phlorizin, 0.5 mM, increases the uptake of tritiated p-aminohippuric acid (PAH)
      in rat kidney cortex slices in vitro. Phlorizin also diminishes the rate of 3H
      PAH washout from preloaded slices into PAH-free medium. At higher concentrations,
      phlorizin (5.0 mM) reduces slice uptake of 3H-PAH following short incubations but
      increases 3H-PAH accumulation after more prolonged incubations. Section freeze
      dry autoradiography demonstrates that phlorizin inhibits secretion of 3H-PAH from
      cell to lumen in proximal tubules. Consequently, the increased 3H-PAH uptake and
      delayed washout induced by phlorizin may be attributed to effects at the
      antiluminal cell membrane. Phlorizin stimulation of PAH uptake occurs despite
      inhibition of secretion across the luminal membrane. Intracellular accumulation
      of 3H-phlorizin, demonstrable by autoradiography, provides direct evidence that
      cellular accumulation affords the glycoside access to both the luminal and
      antiluminal membrane in proximal tubules. These interactions between phlorizin
      and PAH suggest shared features of the membrane transport systems for secretion
      and reabsorption of sugars and organic acids in kidney.

PMID- 691974
TI  - Prolonged lifespan and high incidence of neoplasms in NZB/NZW mice treated with
      hydrocortisone sodium succinate.
AB  - This study investigated the effects of prolonged corticosteroid therapy on the
      course of spontaneous autoimmune disease and oncogenesis in NZB/NZW mice, an
      animal model of systemic lupus erythematosus. Twenty young female NZB/NZW mice
      were treated until death with low-dose hydrocortisone sodium succinate (3.3
      mg/kg/day), and 21 mice received high-dose hydrocortisone (10 mg/kg/day). Fifteen
      control mice were injected with saline. Long-term therapy with either dose of
      hydrocortisone effectively prevented renal disease and prolonged lifespans in
      NZB/NZW mice. Fifty-six percent of low-dose treated animals developed neoplasms,
      and 38% of mice in this treatment group died with renal disease. Neoplasms caused
      death in 76% of mice receiving high-dose treatment. Long-term hydrocortisone
      therapy was associated with a predominance of sarcomas, which appeared in aged
      mice after a long period of treatment. In earlier studies conducted in this
      laboratory, cyclophosphamide treatment prolonged life in NZB/NZW mice. Ninety
      seven percent of cyclophosphamide-treated mice developed neoplasms; most tumors
      were lymphomas or carcinomas. It was concluded that neoplasms occur commonly in
      old NZB/NZW mice with lives prolonged by immunosuppressive or antiinflammatory
      drugs. Nevertheless, the specific therapeutic agent used in each study influenced
      the types of neoplasms appearing in treated mice.

PMID- 691976
TI  - Norepinephrine-induced acute renal failure: a reversible ischemic model of acute
      renal failure.
AB  - The present study has defined conditions whereby a reversible form of ischemia
      induced ARF can be produced in the dog. Unlike previous studies [9-11] which
      examined the acute phase of NE-induced ARF, this study demonstrates the
      feasibility of using the model for the longitudinal study of ARF. Such a model
      may be useful in studying the pathologic and physiologic changes which occur
      during different phases of ARF. Perhaps most important, this model should also
      provide a setting in which treatment measures, either prophylactic or therapeutic
      for ARF, can be examined.

PMID- 691977
TI  - A simple fluorometric method for glucose determination in nanoliter samples.

PMID- 691979
TI  - [Surgical treatment of profusely hemorrhaging peptic ulcers of the jejunum].

PMID- 691978
TI  - Renal insufficiency and hypercalcemia.

PMID- 691980
TI  - [Electrophysiological aspects of vagotomy].

PMID- 691981
TI  - [Clinical physiological aspects of vagotomy in the surgery of peptic ulcer].

PMID- 691982
TI  - [Complications of ulcers of the pyloric canal].

PMID- 691983
TI  - [Repeated interventions in organic and combined pathology of the operated
      stomach].

PMID- 691984
TI  - [Functional state of the liver in the dumping syndrome before and after truncal
      vagotomy].

PMID- 691985
TI  - [X-ray and radiological data on the functional state of the liver, gallbladder
      and digestive canal in dumping syndrome patients and in persons who have
      undergone reconstructive jejunogastroplasty].

PMID- 691988
TI  - [Choice of the extent and method of gastric resection in peptic ulcer].

PMID- 691987
TI  - [Morphofunctional shifts in the intramural neural apparatus of the stump of the
      stomach and small intestine after a Hoffmeister-Finsterer gastric resection].

PMID- 691986
TI  - [Gastric and duodenal peptic ulcer in the middle-aged and elderly].

PMID- 691991
TI  - [Method for a reconstructive operation in erroneously applied
      gastroileoanastomoses].

PMID- 691990
TI  - [Surgical treatment of peptic ulcers of the gastroenteroanastomosis and their
      complications].

PMID- 691989
TI  - [Experience with the use of vagotomy in the surgical treatment of duodenal peptic
      ulcer].

PMID- 691992
TI  - [Late results of gastric resection utilizing a mechanical suture in peptic
      ulcer].

PMID- 691993
TI  - [Results of surgical and endoscopic polypectomy from the upper portion of the
      digestive canal].

PMID- 691995
TI  - [Suture failure in the stump of the resected stomach].

PMID- 691994
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of the immediate and late results of different methods
      for the surgical treatment of pyloric-duodenal ulcers].

PMID- 691996
TI  - [X-ray data in the late period after a bilateral subphrenic truncal vagotomy with
      pyloroplasty in complicated peptic ulcer].

PMID- 691998
TI  - [Motor and evacuative function of the stomach and small intestine in the early
      period after truncal vagotomy].

PMID- 691997
TI  - [Motor function of the digestive canal in the immediate days following gastric
      resection].

PMID- 691999
TI  - [Use of anabolic steroids in the surgical treatment of patients with a stenosing
      stomach and duodenal ulcer].

PMID- 692000
TI  - [Regional venous circulatory characteristics in varicocele in children].

PMID- 692001
TI  - [Measuring clamp for gastric resection].

PMID- 692002
TI  - [Distribution of methionine-75selenium in the organs of rats with deep burns
      under the influence of the protein hydrolysate, Hydroprot].

PMID- 692003
TI  - [Iatrogenic vascular injuries (an analysis of 102 cases)].

PMID- 692004
TI  - [Significance of the mean circulatory time in the functional diagnosis of heart
      diseases].

PMID- 692005
TI  - [Use of temporary electric stimulation of the heart in surgery].

PMID- 692006
TI  - [Electromanometric studies of intestinal tract motility in diagnosis and
      reconstructive operations in pediatric surgery].

PMID- 692007
TI  - [General anesthesia for primary cheiloplasty and uranoplasty].

PMID- 692008
TI  - [Organizational and therapeutic aspects of the modern treatment of tetanus].

PMID- 692010
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of displaced mediastinum with 1 case observation].

PMID- 692009
TI  - [Modern concepts of shock caused by Gram-negative microorganisms].

PMID- 692012
TI  - [Case of malignant degeneration of diffuse polyposis of the stomach].

PMID- 692011
TI  - [Desmoid tumor in patients with familial polyposis of the large intestine.
      Gardner's syndrome].

PMID- 692013
TI  - [1 case of renal echinococcosis with an unusual localization].

PMID- 692014
TI  - [Casuistics of foreign bodies in the rectum].

PMID- 692015
TI  - [General aspect of the conjunctivitis (author's transl)].

PMID- 692016
TI  - [Normosensorial essential late convergent strabismus, a clinical entity (author's
      transl)].
AB  - A group of 50 patients is presented to discuss this clinical entity. Late onset
      of squint. Sometimes accompanied by diplopia, normal retinal correspondence,
      absence of serious sensorial and refractional defects are the characteristics.
      Differential diagnosis is discussed. Early operation together with prisms is the
      treatment of choice. A real cure can be achieved in these cases.

PMID- 692017
TI  - [Examinations of aminoacids in aqueous humour after intravitreous injection of
      ascorbic acid (author's transl)].
AB  - The ascorbic acid concentration of the vitreous of rabbits was experimentally
      increased to about 20 times the normal value. 24 h after the intravitreal
      injection of ascorbic acid 13 out of 16 free amino acids were decreased, only
      Glutamicacid, Glycine and Alanine were increased. 48 h after the injection 13
      amino acids were lowered. On the fourth day 8 amino acids were decreased in
      relation to normal values. After 4 weeks the concentrations of 5 amino acids were
      raised further compared to the normal values, but 10 amino acids were
      concentrated lower than the normal values. Also Glu-acid, Gly and Ala had fallen
      down to the range of the normal values. The total amino acids include the free
      amino acids and the amino acids, which we find after 6 h hydrolysis. On the first
      day 11 amino acids showed elevations, 7 amino acids were decreased. After 4 weeks
      Taurin, Lysine and Histidin were higher than the normal values, 15 amino acids
      were lower. In single cases the differences were statistically significant. We
      suppose, that the changes of amino acids are caused by the ascorbic acid or their
      derivates. There is an anterior drainage after intravitreal injection. We come to
      the conclusion, that there is a reversible disturbance of the diffusion and
      active transport of amino acids by ascorbic acid.

PMID- 692018
TI  - [Leber's optic atrophy - an interdisciplinary study (author's transl)].
AB  - Clinical-neurological, electrocephalographic, ophthalmological and genetic
      observations of a family with related persons with Leber's optic atrophy is
      described. 6 male subjects of the altogether ca. 100 members of the family tree
      stretching over 4 generations were manifestly affected relatives - that is
      possible carriers, an unusually large number of EEG's were abnormal, and, less
      often, colour vision disturbances were seen. The results suggest that Leber's
      optic atrophy is a hereditary neuro-ophthalmological systemic condition, whose
      most striking symptom is the optic atrophy. The genetic factors of the condition
      are also discussed.

PMID- 692019
TI  - [On the proof of late sequelae of bulbal and orbital contusion (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Contusion cataracts may develop long time after injury, without visible lens
      changes in the interval. The lens opacities appear like those known in senile
      cataracts if the eye was injured after the 45th year of age. Demonstration of
      other traumatic changes becomes then very important for the evaluation of the
      role of the accident as a cataract cause. As late sequelae of eye (and orbit)
      contusion, enophthalmos and supersensitivity of the pupil to adrenergic drugs can
      be found. Ultrasound exophthalmometry proved to be more accurate for checking the
      former than Hertel's optical exophthalmometry alone. The pupil was studied by the
      reaction following local instillation of one drop of 1% adrenaline solution
      (comparison with other eye). The results found in 2 patients are described.

PMID- 692020
TI  - [Oxyphil-cell adenoma (oncocytoma) of the caruncle (author's transl)].
AB  - By histological examination of 42 caruncle tumors we found 5 oncocytomas. All the
      patients were women older than 63 years. The clinical and histological findings
      are described and the pathogenesis of these tumors discussed.

PMID- 692021
TI  - [Studies on the lymph drainage of the eye 5. Quantitative registration of the
      lymph drainage from the subconjunctival space with a radioactive tracer (author's
      transl)].
AB  - In 7 rabbits the drainage from the subconjunctival space to the cervical lymph
      nodes was observed after subconjunctival injection of 99mTc-micro-colloid.
      Measurements of the activity distribution were made in vivo with an Anger type
      camera (pho-Gamma-IV Hp, Searle Nuclear Chicago) and in vitro after dissection
      with a sodium iodine crystal well counter (Clinimat-200, Picker). 6 hours after
      the injection into the subconjunctival space of the right eye an average of 53.7%
      of the applied activity had drained off. A significant accumulation of activity
      could constantly be registrated in the cervical lymph nodes. Its amount was
      generally up to 2.08% of the applied total activity per animal, with a large
      individual spreading. In detail, activity was found in all 7 cases in the right
      superficial cervical lymph node, in 5 cases moreover in the right mandibular
      lymph node, additionally in 2 animals in the right or left deep cervical lymph
      node respectively and in one animal as well in the right as in the left deep
      cervical lymph node. Besides, in all cases high activity was registered in the
      right retrobulbar and subconjunctival spaces just as in the right eye. A small
      activity in the right optic nerve could be pointed out in three of our seven
      cases.

PMID- 692022
TI  - [Cotton thread method for measuring lacrimation (author's transl)].
AB  - Instead of filter paper, a fine cotton thread was used. One test consists of 3 or
      more consecutive measurements. Six patients with Hunt's syndrome were tested with
      this new method. All of the six showed lacrimal deficiency on the involved side.

PMID- 692024
TI  - [On the aetiology of coloboma of the lens (author's transl)].
AB  - The contrast is described between two different types of coloboma of the lens:
      congenital and traumatic origin. The former is combined with epicanthus,
      unilateral coloboma of iris, retina and choroid. There seems to be a close
      relation between coloboma of the lens and a defect of the zonule at least during
      growth of lens.

PMID- 692023
TI  - [The histological structure of peripheral cystoid degeneration in senile
      retinoschisis (author's transl)].
AB  - In peripheral cystoid degenerations as the precursor of senile retinoschisis
      basement membrane material and collagen fibrils are formed; after retinal
      splitting this newly formed material together with ruptured tissue columns build
      up a layer on the inner surface of the outer wall of the retinoschisis which
      tends to shrinkage. This mechanism leads to hole formation in the outer wall; the
      holes consequently enlarge by a curling inward of the edge of the defect.

PMID- 692025
TI  - [Observations and results of photodocumentation of retinal thromboses treated
      with Colfarit (author's transl)].
AB  - A report is given on 41 patients (6 prethromboses, 14 central veinthromboses and
      21 branch vein thromboses), who were treated with acetosalicylic acid (Colfarit).
      The retinal charges were continuously documented by Polaroid photographs.
      Comparison of over one thousand pictures resulted in the following findings: All
      6 prethromboses and 7 of the central vein thromboses were reopened within 8
      weeks, even in the most advanced cases. The age of the patient was not a factor.
      The highpoint of the Colfarit effect was clearly identified in the photographs as
      occurring in the 5th week. No results with Colfarit were noted in the branch vein
      thromboses, in fact bleeding recurred in almost every case in the fifth week,
      when Colfarit was given for longer than 4 weeks in the dosage of 3 times 0.5 g
      daily.

PMID- 692026
TI  - [Ophthalmologic mobile unit].

PMID- 692027
TI  - [Fixing the time and date of photograph (author's transl)].
AB  - A system is described to obtain on photographs and slides an automatic printout
      of patient number, eye and time. The time is recorded in minutes, seconds and
      tenth of seconds or in minutes and seconds. The time-recording can be switched
      off if only patient and eye identification is needed.

PMID- 692028
TI  - [Glaucoma surgery with insertion of silicone catheters. A study based on animal
      experiments (author's transl)].
AB  - 10 rabbits have been submitted to thermosklerostomy and insertion of a silicone
      catheter. The tube exhibiting an inner diameter of 0.5 mm and an outer diameter
      of 0.94 mm, respectively the total length measuring 5 mm, and projecting about
      1.5 mm in the anterior chamber. Fixation of the tube has been accomplished at its
      distal end to the underlying sclera by 2 X 10-0-nylon sutures, and of the
      proximal end with two more sutures to the corneal lip of the wound taking a bite
      through total corneal thickness. Within the observation period of 2-8 months no
      migration of the catheter has been detected; in addition no erosion of the
      conjunctiva, and no inflammatory reaction or occlusion of the catheter lumen
      occurred. In 5 cases the intraocular pressure has been measured between the 2nd
      and 4th postoperative month; in all cases a reduction of the intraocular tension
      compared to the non operated fellow eye has been found, hypotonic values were not
      encountered.

PMID- 692030
TI  - [The best spectacles for vehicle drivers (author's transl)].
AB  - Spectacles worn by vehicle drivers should fulfil the demands set down by DIN 58
      216 standards and should furthermore be constructed in such a manner that the
      binocular field of vision is impaired as little as possible. In this connection,
      the nasal parts of the frame are particularly important. The external and
      internal rear-view mirrors of automobiles should be positioned within the
      binocular field of vision.

PMID- 692031
TI  - [Forty years' contemporary retinal detachment surgery (author's transl)].
AB  - A survey is given on the evolution of retinal detachment surgery during the past
      four decades. Contributions of the ophthalmological school of Vienna are
      particularly considered. The review includes simple diathermy-coagulation with
      subretinal drainage, the undermining operation of Lindner and his eye ball
      shortening procedure, the combined operation (sealing of retinal breaks by
      diathermy plus scleral resection), and vitreous tamponade using sodium
      hyaluronate. All these methodes have been widely replaced during the past years
      by cryopexy with plombage, and by encircling procedures. Though the rate of
      success could not be definitely increased, the introduction of the modern methods
      implies technical facilities for the eye surgeon, and advances for the treated
      patients. The evolution of retinal detachment surgery is not yet terminated, and
      further progress can be taken as granted. Retinal detachment surgery with very
      short hospitalization may become practicable in near future.

PMID- 692029
TI  - [Choice of technique in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (author's transl)].
AB  - If not complicated by vitreous- or retinal traction the rhegmatogenous retinal
      detachment has an extraordinarily good chance to be healed surgically. The
      principle to safely seal the retinal hole by a circumscribed and controlled
      plombage from the outside of the eye - successfully developed as a surgical
      method by Custodis - appears now to be accepted everywhere. Nowadays the mayor
      modifications of this principle are widely used in retinal detachment surgery.
      The author outlines different clinical pictures patients may present with before
      surgery. He points to the surgical ways adequate to the given situation. The pros
      and cons of each approach are discussed. Generally spoken, the author prefers
      episcleral implants placed whether radially or circumferentially as the case may
      require. However, other techniques such as intrascleral implants are considered
      to have also their indications.

PMID- 692032
TI  - [Therapy of retinal detachment with minimal intervention (author's transl)].
AB  - Two personal observations of a cure of retinal detachment with minimal
      intervention are presented: photocoagulation of a retinal tear and prolonged
      forced immobilization. As shown by E. Custodis, the closure of the retinal tear
      remains essential whereas the drainage of subretinal fluid is accessory.

PMID- 692033
TI  - [The polyviol implant (author's transl)].
AB  - It can be confirmed still today the polyviol implant occupies an outstanding
      position as a kind of material for implants used within retinaoperations refering
      to Custodis. The polyviol implant sets an example that in ophthalmology it is the
      best way to test synthetic material on monkey's eye before really introducing
      them. As far as the sclera is concerned, the histologic cut of the conjunctival
      covering allows a conclusion on physiologic compatibility of the implant
      material.

PMID- 692034
TI  - [The surgical removal of epiretinal macular membranes (macular puckers) (author's
      transl)].
AB  - In 6 patients with macular puckers (3 spontaneous puckers and 3 puckers after
      retinal detachment procedures), the epiretinal tissue was surgically removed by
      pars plana vitrectomy and membrane peeling. 5 patients had visual improvement
      initially, 3 permanently. Cataract and retinal detachment were observed as
      complications. No recurrence of the macular pucker occured.

PMID- 692035
TI  - [On the binocular function after surgery for detached retina (author's transl)].
AB  - Oout of 380 patients operated on because of retinal detachments we have analyzed
      106 unselected cases as to their binocular results. The check-up reveals that
      only 3% of the patients complained of diplopia. After a general analysis of the
      Custodis-procedure in retinal detachment operations the possible reasons for the
      stated binocular results are discussed.

PMID- 692036
TI  - [The transcutaneous electrostimulating anaesthesia--the results of patients with
      retinal and vitreous surgery (author's transl)].
AB  - The clinical results of 50 patients with retinal and vitreous surgery performed
      in combined electrostimulating anaesthesia are reported. Premedication consisted
      of a barbiturate such as medomin and of atosil, ordered the evening before
      surgery. 1/2 hour preoperatively 1.5--2 ml thalamonal and 0.5 mg atropine were
      administered intramusculary. All patients were intubated and controlled
      respirated; stimulation starting about 5 minutes following intubation procedure.
      During continuous intermittent relaxation anaesthesia was maintained by a mixture
      of nitrous oxide/oxygen 1:1 and electrical stimulation at the dermatoms of N.
      trigeminus I, II and Plexus cervicalis 3 and 4. For the first time stimulation of
      the dermatoms during anaesthesia was done by self adhesive electrodes. So we were
      able to eliminate the circumstantial and not even harmless invasivity of the
      needle technique. The main advantages of the new method we see in a good
      circulatory stability and in good postoperative cooperation of the patients.
      Especially in old and poor risk patients the results of transcutaneous
      electrostimulating anaesthesia are excellent.

PMID- 692037
TI  - [Experience with the vitrector in the treatment of secondary cataract (author's
      transl)].
AB  - As a new method of surgical treatment of secondary cataract the excision with a
      vitrector by Kloti is recommended. This method avoids the disadvantages
      inevitable in discision with a knife or scissors. It proved to be successful in
      36 eyes during the observation period. Three examples, chosen because of
      different indications, are discussed.

PMID- 692038
TI  - [Management of the occluded pupil following intraocular lens implantation
      (author's transl)].
AB  - With the use of the artificial lens dense membranes are often formed in the pupil
      with subsequent occlusion. A technique for removal of these membranes by pars
      plana vitrectomy is described.

PMID- 692039
TI  - [The therapy of Mooren's rodent ulcer (author's transl)].
AB  - Mooren's ulcer has not yet been treated successfully with drugs. Cautery,
      cryocoagulation, surgical diathermy, lamellar or perforating keratoplasty, and
      conjunctivoplasty usually have no or only little success. We have been able to
      cure our last five cases of Mooren's ulcer by an extensive and deep
      thermocoagulation both of the ulcer, the swollen corneal margins and the
      bordering conjunctiva. Then followed dilatation of the conjunctival vessels with
      Dionine and Priscol ointments.

PMID- 692040
TI  - [Visual field defects and fluorescein angiography in acute anterior ischemic
      optic neuropathy (author's transl)].
AB  - Typical visual field defects were found in 86 acute anterior ischemic optic
      neuropathies occurring in 71 patients. These field defects suggest a separate
      vascular supply of the upper and lower half of the disc and of the maculo
      papillar bundle. A sub-division into four sectors can be inferred in the upper
      half of the disc. Fluorescein angiography showed sectorial differences of the
      capillary filling and leakage in some cases. This pattern was however poorly
      correlated with the localisation of the field defects.

PMID- 692041
TI  - [Experimental investigations on the mode of action of alcoholic liquor on the
      intra-ocular pressure (author's transl)].
AB  - The reasons for the decrease of intraocular pressure after drinking of alcohol
      were examined. The dose of alcohol was 2 ml 38% Weinbrand per kg body weight,
      which corresponds to 53 ml pure alcohol for a person of 70 kg body weight. The
      tonographic data gave no correlation between the blood-alcohol level and the
      changes of intraocular pressure. The antidiuretic hormon also had no correlation
      to the intraocular pressure changes. Tonometry with the same frequency as in this
      study but without alcohol showed no alteration of intraocular pressure. It is
      suggested that alcohol acts probably by a decrease of secretion of aqueous humour
      by central actions.

PMID- 692043
TI  - [Epibulbar superficial spreading melanoma (author's transl)].
AB  - A report rarely a case of superficial spreading melanoma of the conjunctiva bulbi
      in a 40-year-old woman. As this kind of tumor is very found at this site, the
      unusual localisation rendered the differential diagnosis more difficult and
      delayed the radical operative therapy. After orbitectomy the patient has been
      free of local metastatic deposits for two years. She is fully rehabilitated by a
      good epithetis. The course of diagnosis in our case illustrates the necessity of
      uniform application of the nomenclature of cutaneous forms of melanomas and naevi
      in ophthalmology.

PMID- 692042
TI  - [Cyclofusion measurements for assessing the function of the oblique eye muscles
      (author's transl)].
AB  - In free space a random-dot-stereogramme for the determination of the extent of
      cyclofusion is used with the help of a haploscope. In the normal person
      orthophoria with regard to rolling to within +/- 1 degrees is found not only in
      the primary position but also in the secondary and tertiary positions and with
      head tilt. From the fact that with circular rotation of both eye images against
      each other pseudostereoscopic effects occur, it is deduced that the cyclofusion
      seen here occurred sensorially. The testing of the area of cyclofusion gives a
      very good basis for determining the indication for operation on the superior
      oblique muscle. It is shown with examples that simply tucking this muscle when
      old trochlear nerve paresis is present without provable excyclotropia is not
      favorable. Instead one must tuck the muscle asymmetrically in such cases--the
      fold should be markedly smaller at the anterior border of the muscle which acts
      more as a rotator, than at the posterior border.

PMID- 692044
TI  - [Retinographic alterations in different forms of congenital cataracta (author's
      transl)].
AB  - In a follow-up study of patients suffering from congenital cataract, particular
      attention was paid to the electroretinogram. Besides hereditary lens
      opacifications and rubella embryopathy, galactosaemia and spontaneous idiopathic
      hypoglycemia occurring in children and infants were examined. The question, how
      much biochemical factors can influence the ERG, is becoming more important.

PMID- 692045
TI  - [Computerized evaluation of cataract extractions (author's transl)].
AB  - The evaluation of large series of cataract extractions is most feasible using a
      computer. We have computerized the details of 7503 cataract extractions
      (performed in the years 1961-1975). The analysis is based on a new
      computerreadable form. Its application is shown in two examples for comparing
      surgical results: 1. cataract extractions by forceps, suction cup or cryoprobe,
      the surgeon wearing magnifying-goggles; 2. cataract extractions by cryoprobe
      using the surgical microscope. The evaluation of results had been done separately
      for residents and experienced surgeons. RESULTS: In experienced surgeons the
      percentage of uncomplicated extractions increased considerably with the cryoprobe
      (86.5%) as compared to 77% using the suction cup. The surgical microscope in that
      series have no significant increase of the success rate (cryoprobe 88.4%).
      Residents had more advantages from both technical aids: no microscope, suction
      cup: 73.5%, cryo: 82.5%, with microscope, cryo: 90.3%. Their results compare well
      with those of the experienced surgeons, since they are given straight-forward
      cases only and they operate under the strictest supervision of an experienced
      surgeon.

PMID- 692046
TI  - [Problems of glaucoma diagnosis (author's transl)].

PMID- 692047
TI  - [Morphological and functional evaluation of the iridocorneal angle in patients
      with high-grade myopia (author's transl)].

PMID- 692048
TI  - [Gonioscopy, intraocular pressure and tonography after blunt trauma to the
      eyeball (author's transl)].

PMID- 692052
TI  - [Digital image transducer applied for evaluation of optic disc and optic cup in
      patients with glaucoma (author's transl)].

PMID- 692050
TI  - [Colour and black-and-white fluorescein angiography of optic disc in glaucoma
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 692049
TI  - [Electroretinography in different types of primary glaucoma (author's transl)].

PMID- 692053
TI  - [Secondary glaucoma and intraocular neoplasms (author's transl)].

PMID- 692051
TI  - [Blind spot in simple glaucoma in campimetry and static perimetry (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 692054
TI  - [Glaucoma in the exfoliation syndrome and its treatment (author's transl)].

PMID- 692055
TI  - [Pathogenesis and treatment of malignant glaucoma (author's transl)].

PMID- 692057
TI  - [Phakolytic glaucoma (author's transl)].

PMID- 692056
TI  - [Secondary glaucoma after senile cataract extraction (author's transl)].

PMID- 692058
TI  - [Rubeosis iridis diabetica and coexistence of glaucoma (author's transl)].

PMID- 692061
TI  - [Purine nucleotide synthesis in human liver an its influence by benzbromarone
      (author's transl)].
AB  - 5-Phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate amidotransferase and the hypoxanthine-guanine
      phosphoribosyltransferases (H-PRT, A-PRT) were assayed in human liver cells and
      some of the properties of these enzymes were determined. The Michaelis-Menten
      constants of both H-PRT and A-PRT for phosphoribosylpyrophosphate are at least an
      order of magnitude lower than for human PP-ribose-P amidotransferase. At the
      enzyme level the higher specific activities of phosphoribosyltransferases would,
      in effect, give precedence to purine salvage in human liver. In addition, no
      effect of benzbromaronum on enzyme activities could be demonstrated.

PMID- 692059
TI  - Streptokinase and concomitant oral anticoagulants in the treatment of deep venous
      thrombosis.
AB  - Fourty-four patients with deep venous thrombosis of the leg diagnosed by
      phlebography and not more than five days old were treated with streptokinase.
      Oral anticoagulant therapy was started at the same time. Complete lysis of
      thrombi was obtained in 6 cases and partial one in 25 cases. Lysis of proximal
      thrombi was better than that of distal ones. The age of the thrombi had no effect
      on the lysis. Urticaria and anaphylactic reactions occurred in 8 patients and
      treatment was discontinued. Haemorrhagic complications were present in 8 cases
      but remission was obtained by dicontinuing streptokinase infusion. Commencing
      oral anticoagulant therapy simultaneously with streptokinase reduces duration of
      treatment without increasing the risks and the results of lysis are equally good
      as with earlier studies. The use of streptokinase is recommended in the treatment
      of proximal deep venous thrombosis. This treatment offers a possibility of
      preventing a postthrombotic syndrome. The frequency of various complications
      should however be borne in mind.

PMID- 692060
TI  - [Age dependence of immunological methods for detecting an immunodeficiency state
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Cell-mediated and humoral immune responses were studied in 43 healthy volunteers
      aged between 15--77 years. Besides various skin tests with the antigens candida,
      trichophyton, mumps, streptokinase-streptodornase, tuberculin, DNCB and KLH  also
      in vitro experiments measuring the immunoglobulin- and complement concentrations,
      the antibody production to KLH, the lymphocyte transformation rate to PHA,
      Pokeweed, Con A, PPD were done nearly in all patients. The responsiveness of
      lymphocytes to PHA and Con A and the sensitization of the skin with DNCB declines
      in the aged humans, beginning already at the 4th-5th decade. The skin tests with
      candida, trichophyton were not significantly different in the various age groups.
      The number of persons with positive skin reactions to the antigens mumps and
      streptokinase-streptodornase decreased also with advancing age. Lymphocyte
      transformation and skin test with PPD or tuberkulin were markedly increased
      beyond the age of 30. Serum levels of immunoglobulins, complement components, the
      antibody production to KLH, and the lymphocyte transformation rate to Pokeweed
      were not significantly different in the age groups. Correlation between the tests
      within each person could not be detected. We made the experience that only a few
      tests are not enough for the evaluation of an immunodeficient state, but that
      several tests, a so called TEST BATtery", are necessary.

PMID- 692062
TI  - [Protein fractions and their enzymatic activity in the rat myocardium after a
      flight on the Cosmos-690 biosatellite].
AB  - Gamma-irradiation of rats in the ground-based experiment decreased the activity
      of aspartate aminotransferase of sarcoplasmatic proteins of the myocardium and
      increased the activity of adenosine triphosphate of myosin of the myocardium 1
      and 26 days post-test. Gamma-irradiation of flight rats also reduced the activity
      of aspartate aminotransferase of sarcoplasmatic proteins of the myocardium;
      however, the activity of ATPase of myosin of the myocardium was lowered both 1
      and 26 days postflight. It is suggested that irradiation-induced inhibition of
      synthetic processes delayed the synthesis of myosin with a normal activity and
      diminished the protein content in the T fraction of myocardium on the 1st
      postflight day.

PMID- 692063
TI  - [Recovery of hemopoiesis in rats irradiated in space].
AB  - Repair regeneration of hemopoiesis of rats exposed to gamma irradiation with
      doses of 220 and 800 rad in space flight was studied. There was an insignificant
      difference in the dynamics of the most blood and bone marrow formed elements. It
      can be concluded that myelopoiesis in space flight was more active than on the
      Earth. Irradiation of animals with 800 rad aboard the biosatellite Cosmos-690
      induced more pronounced hemopoietic changes than the ground-based exposure (on
      the 1st-2nd post-flight day the count of myelokaryocytes and lymphocytes in bone
      marrow decreased). The Most hematological parameters returned to the norm on the
      36-37th post-irradiation day (on the 26th postflight day).

PMID- 692065
TI  - [Histological and histochemical study of the liver of rats exposed on the Cosmos
      690 biosatellite].
AB  - Liver samples of 12 rats flown aboard the biosatellite Cosmos-690 and irradiated
      with a dose of 800 rad and of 12 rats from the synchronous experiment were
      examined histologically and histochemically. On the 2nd and 27th postexperimental
      days the following morphological changes were detected; nuclear polymorphism of
      hepatocytes, a significant increase in the number of binuclear cells, and lipid
      accumulation in central lobes. The changes were more expressed on the 2nd day.
      These changes were induced by prolonged irradiation in space flight and
      synchronous experiment: they were not detected in the untreated animals.

PMID- 692064
TI  - [DNA radiation injuries in the liver of rats irradiated in flight on the Cosmos
      690 biosatellite].
AB  - It was found that space flight factors enhanced radiation-induced DNA lesions in
      the liver of rats flown aboard the biosatellite Cosmos-690. Two weeks after
      irradiation of animals at a dose of 200 rad characteristic viscosity of native
      and denatured DNA decreased by 17 and 38%, respectively, as compared with the
      control. The radiation effect was also increased after an exposure to 800 rad.

PMID- 692066
TI  - [State of spermatogenesis in rats exposed on the Cosmos-690 biosatellite].
AB  - A morphological examination of sex glands of 30 male rats flown aboard the
      biosatellite Cosmos-690 was carried out on the 1st-2nd and 26-27th postflight
      days. A combined exposure to the 20-day space flight and prolonged gamma
      irradliation with doses of 220, 800 and 955 rad brought about a significant
      decrease of the weight of testes, postradiation death of spermatogonia and
      essential structural changes in the spermatogenic epithelium whose level depended
      on the radiation dose and the postirradiation time. A comparison of weights and
      histologies of testes from the flight and synchronous rats did not reveal a
      modifying effect of weightlessness since no statistically significant differences
      in the testicular weight, quantitative assay of the occurrence of individual
      elements of the spermatogenic epithelium and time of manifestation of reparative
      processes were observed.

PMID- 692067
TI  - [Changes in the sugar content in the blood of dogs during 6 years of chronic
      gamma irradiation].
AB  - The paper presents the results of a many-year investigation of the sugar content
      in dogs irradiated with total doses of 125, 370, 720, 750, 1130 rad. During the
      first year the sugar content tended to increase and later to decrease. Irradiated
      and untreated animals showed different reactions to additional loads (running,
      thermal exposure, acute irradiation). The differences included the direction and
      level of changes in the sugar content. There was no correlation between the
      changes and the dose rate. The changes returned to normal after termination of
      the exposure.

PMID- 692068
TI  - [Analysis of the sequence distributions of the interpulse intervals in cosmonauts
      (the "generalized coordinate" method)].

PMID- 692069
TI  - [Compensatory reactions of the kidneys to orthostatic effects].
AB  - Studies of orthostatic effects on the renal hemodynamics and excretory function
      of the dog showed an increase in the heart rate, a fall in the arterial and
      venous pressure and a decline of the Na and K concentrations in the urine. The
      studies demonstrated that changes in the renal excretory function were a
      compensatory hemodynamic reaction to the gravity effect associated wtih an
      alteration of the body position in space.

PMID- 692071
TI  - [Effect of vibration and noise on the work capacity indices of the crews of the
      MI-4 helicopters].
AB  - The study of certain parameters of performance of crewmembers of MI-4 helicopters
      revealed their significant changes after a working day. The percentage of errors
      in the reproduction of a preassigned muscular tension increased, the percentage
      of precise reactions to the moving object decreased, the critical frequency of
      light flickering decreased, the number of contacts during static tremometry
      increased. In  the control group consisting of crewmembers of the aircraft Yak-40
      these parameters varied insignificantly. This allowed the conclusion that the
      changes in the performance of MI-4 crewmembers were induced by vibration and
      noise. The intragroup analysis demonstrated more pronounced changes in the
      functions of commanders and flight engineers of MI-4 helicopters. This may be
      associated with a greater level of work and responsibility of these crewmembers.

PMID- 692073
TI  - [Effect of endogenous factors on the process of gas bubble formation in the body
      in decompression].
AB  - Animal experiments were carried out to study the effects of a feeding regimen and
      diet composition on the intensity of post-decompression bubble formation as well
      as to establish a correlation between this process and previous decompression,
      increased and decreased muscle work, and physico-chemical and morphological blood
      parameters. There was a correlation between the rate of bubble formation during
      decompression and the above factors.

PMID- 692070
TI  - [Clinical immunological observations of persons in a period of prolonged
      hypokinesia and the readaptation thereafter].
AB  - In order to study the role of autoimmune processes in the origin of changes
      occurring during prolonged bed rest, 9 young male test subjects were examined
      during 30-day and 21--49 day bed rest experiments and recovery periods. No
      antibodies to antigens of the heart, liver, and kidneys were found. Ten out of 21
      test subjects at the end of bed rest and 12 test subjects during recovery showed
      a high titer of the circulating cardiac antigen. Electro-, mechano, and
      polycardiographic stadies demonstrated that the subjects with the circulating
      cardiac antigen displayed more marked changes in the ECG T-wave and the
      contractile function of the myocardium. These changes were accompanied by
      activation of the enzymes ALT, ACT and LDH.

PMID- 692072
TI  - [Brain tissue respiration after exposing rats in hyperoxic helium-oxygen mixtures
      at atmospheric and increased pressure].
AB  - Experiments on Wistar rats showed that their 5-hour exposure to He-O2 atmospheres
      (at comfortable temperature) did not affect metabolic rates in the mitochondria
      of the brain cortex. In this case the partial pressures of oxygen were 0.21 and
      0.40 kg/cm2 at a normal and elevated (40 kg/cm2) total pressure. Further increase
      of pO2 to 0.60 kg/cm2 induced of mitochondrial respiration and oxidative
      phosphorylation. The rat exposure to 100% O2 atmosphere at a normal pressure
      resulted in a decrease of metabolic rates and uncoupling of respiration and
      oxidative phosphorylation processes. The rat exposure to He-O2 atmospheres at an
      elevated total pressure (40 kg/cm2) with the partial pressures of oxygen of 0.21
      and 0.30 kg/cm2 did not alter mitochondrial respiration and oxidative
      phosphorylation. However, the exposure to higher partial pressures of oxygen-
      0.40 and especially 0.60 kg/cm2--inhibited the above processes.

PMID- 692075
TI  - [Comparative analysis of the causes of the death of animals dying in the course
      of chronic gamma irradiation and in the aftereffect period].

PMID- 692074
TI  - [Decreased activity of the palladium catalyst during the processing of vital
      activity wastes].
AB  - The effect of water vapors on the palladium catalyst activity during complete
      oxidation of organic compounds was studied. The catalyst activity was essentially
      unaltered when the vapor content in the vapor-gas mixture was below 50 mg/1. The
      effect of hydrogen sulphide on the palladium catalyst activity during oxidation
      of organic compounds was investigated. In order to reduce catalyst activity by
      80%, 2 mg hydrogen sulphide in the oxidized gas mixture were needed. Catalyst
      activity was not restored after hydrogen sulphide removal from the gas mixture.
      It was also demonstrated that the use of a barium-alumovanadium catalyst as a
      forecontact eliminated the effect of palladium catalyst poisoning and provided a
      high degree of convesrion during oxidation on this contact.

PMID- 692076
TI  - [Effect of prolonged and chronic irradiation on hemopoiesis].

PMID- 692079
TI  - The fate of the soluble lignin-carbohydrate complex produced in the bovine rumen.

PMID- 692077
TI  - [Effect of accelerations in combination with irradiation on the occurrence of
      gene mutations in Drosophila].

PMID- 692078
TI  - [Effect of oxygen poisoning on the blood plasma lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme
      spectrum of rabbits].

PMID- 692080
TI  - Release of nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, potassium and
      sodium from four tropical hays during their digestion in nylon bags in the rumen.

PMID- 692081
TI  - Patient monitoring during anaesthesia.

PMID- 692082
TI  - The EMO system in small animal anaesthesia.

PMID- 692088
TI  - Ectopic ureters in the cat - a report of two cases.

PMID- 692083
TI  - Anaesthesia in wild and aviary birds.

PMID- 692084
TI  - Activated coagulation times of whole blood in normal dogs and dogs with
      coagulopathies.

PMID- 692086
TI  - Clinical signs and diagnosis of atopic disease in the dog.

PMID- 692085
TI  - Practical haematology for the small animal clinician.

PMID- 692089
TI  - The head - Part III: ear disease.

PMID- 692087
TI  - Reflux oesophagitis and stricture formation after anaesthesia: a review of seven
      cases in dogs and cats.

PMID- 692090
TI  - Body-image barrier perception as a function of assimilation within the Malaysian
      aborigines.

PMID- 692094
TI  - Does the presence of others reduce anxiety?

PMID- 692093
TI  - Person perception and the study of aggression.

PMID- 692091
TI  - Future time perspective and feeling tone: a study in the perception of the days
      by Yugoslav and American students.

PMID- 692092
TI  - Demand awareness and participant willingness as determinants of aggressive
      response to film violence.

PMID- 692095
TI  - EMG biofeedback in the treatment of hyperfunctional voice disorders.
AB  - In this study, six patients who were judged to produce speech with excessive
      laryngeal tension participated in 14 30-min biofeedback training sessions. The
      EMG signal, measured by bipolar surface electrodes placed over the cricothyroid
      region, was amplified, integrated, and used to control the output of a voltage
      controlled oscillator (VCO) and a noise generator. A voltage comparator was used
      as a threshold device. Thus, the noise generator was activated when the EMG
      activity exceeded the value selected on the comparator, and the VCO was activated
      when the EMG signal was below threshold. The results demonstrated that three of
      the subjects reduced the laryngeal EMG activity used during speech production
      with a concomitant improvement in voice quality. The voice quality of the three
      remaining subjects was unchanged. Suggestions are made for modifying the
      equipment and procedures used in this study for routine clinical use of EMG
      biofeedback.

PMID- 692096
TI  - A comparison of three methods for obtaining articulatory responses.
AB  - This study compared speech-sound productions of 18 children with articulation
      errors obtained with three different speech-sampling methods. The same 20
      stimulus words were elicited by each of three sampling methods: (1) Continuous
      Speech Task, (2) Modeled Continuous Speech Task, and (3) Spontaneous Picture
      Naming Task. Subjects performed differently on each of the speaking tasks.
      Statistical treatment of the mean score data revealed that significantly more
      errors were elicited with the Continuous Speech Task than with the Modeled
      Continuous Speech Task or the Spontaneous Picture-Naming Task. In addition,
      significantly more errors were elicited with the Modeled Continuous Speech Task
      than the Spontaneous Picture-Naming Task. The Continuous Speech Task required the
      greatest amount of time to administer, followed by the Modeled Continuous Speech
      Task, and finally the Spontaneous Picture-Naming Task.

PMID- 692097
TI  - Verbal information gathering strategies: the child's use of language to acquire
      language.
AB  - Recent investigations suggest that normally developing infants are active
      participants in a language-transmission partnership with the mature speakers in
      their environments. In a recent paper, (Snyder, McLean, 1977) we noted that
      available data suggest several specific language acquisition strategies exhibited
      by children in these interactions. While the earlier paper focused on a set of
      posited nonverbal strategies, this sequel focuses on two broad types of early
      verbal behavior that function as effective strategies for the language-learning
      child. These posited verbal acquisition strategies are referred to as selective
      imitation and metalinguistic utterance production. The conflicting theory and
      data on the role of early verbal imitation are reviewed, and it is concluded that
      selective imitation is most functional at specific stages of the language
      acquisition process. A hierarchy of metalinguistic utterance types is suggested,
      ranging from those reflecting the highest apparent intentionality (that is,
      interrogative utterances) to those reflecting the least (referred to as evocative
      utterances). Suggestions for future research are offered and implications for
      language intervention are discussed.

PMID- 692098
TI  - A noninvasive method for clinically estimating subglottal air pressure.

PMID- 692099
TI  - Consonant errors and remediation in sensorineural hearing loss.
AB  - An analysis of consonant errors for hearing-impaired subjects in a multiple
      choice format revealed that about 14 consonants caused most of the difficulty in
      consonant recognition. For a given consonant, error probability was typically
      lower in the initial position of the stimulus word than in the final position.
      When errors were made, the substitutions were limited typically to two or three
      other consonants, with a greater variety occurring for consonants in the final
      position. Substitutions tended to be the same over a wide range of pure-tone
      configurations. Place errors were predominant, but manner errors also occurred.
      In only a few instances did specific relationships occur between particular
      stimulus consonants and pure-tone configurations. With knowledge of the error
      consonants and typical substitutions, auditory recognition of consonants can be
      improved by programmed instruction methods. Shaping can be accomplished by a
      manipulation of the response foils (choices). Since it has been shown that visual
      recognition of consonants can also be improved, advantage can be taken of both
      the visual and auditory modalities in remedial procedures. Frequency of usage in
      the language should be considered in the ordering of consonants for retraining
      purposes. Work in consonant recognition should be beneficial to the hearing
      impaired patient as part of a total rehabilitation program.

PMID- 692102
TI  - Speaking fundamental frequency characteristics associated with voice pathologies.
AB  - This study investigated the relationship between pathologic and normal speaking
      fundamental frequency characteristics (SFF) in a group of 80 male subjects. The
      subjects were divided into four groups of 20 (1) vocal fold paralysis, (2) benign
      mass lesion, (3) cancer of the larynx, and (4) normal. The results of this study
      indicate that SFF standard deviation and semitone range of SFF are significantly
      reduced for patients with vocal fold paralysis as compared with normals. The
      parameters of mean SFF, number of frequency shifts, and age failed to separate
      the normals from the three groups of pathologic subjects.

PMID- 692101
TI  - Articulatory abnormalities in athetoid cerebral palsy.
AB  - This report presents cinefluorographic data on the articulation of isolated
      vowels, VCV nonsense utterances, and short sentences by five subjects with
      athetoid cerebral palsy. Articulatory abnormalities were identified from tracings
      of vocal tract shapes and from displacement-by-time plots of articulatory events.
      The most frequent abnormalities were large ranges of jaw movement, inappropriate
      positioning of the tongue for various phonetic segments (especially because of a
      reduced range of tongue movement in the anteroposterior dimension), intermittency
      of velopharyngeal closure caused by an instability of velar elevation, prolonged
      transition times for articulatory movements, and retrusion of the lower lip. The
      speech disorder associated with athetosis is considered with respect to a model
      of motor learning.

PMID- 692103
TI  - Syntactic maturity of spontaneous speech and elicited imitations of hearing
      impaired children.
AB  - Two language measures, designed for normal-hearing children, were applied to a
      sample of 52 severely and profoundly hearing-impaired children between four and
      15 years of age. The Developmental Sentence Analysis (Lee, 1974) was used to
      assess their spontaneous language and the Carrow Elicited Languate Inventory
      (Carrow, 1974a) to assess imitated language. The correlation between scores on
      the two measures was similar to that found by Carrow (1974b) for normal children
      (r = .75). However, there was little relation between either measure and reading
      achievement in hearing-imparied children. A subsample of children retested one
      year later showed those who remained in a school for the deaf showed greater
      improvement in their ability to imitate while those who had been integrated into
      school with normal-hearing children improved most in spontaneous language. Over
      half of the hearing-impaired subjects scored below normal hearing three-year-olds
      on both measures. Caution is advised, however, in applying these norms to hearing
      impaired children. The spontaneous language of these children differed from that
      of younger hearing children who received similar overall scores in the normative
      sample. The hearing-impaired subjects tended to use more mature constructions but
      used fewer correct structures per utterance.

PMID- 692100
TI  - Relationship of acoustic gain to aided threshold improvement in children.
AB  - Aided threshold improvement obtained by 12 hearing-impaired children was compared
      to the acoustic gain of their hearing aids using both the traditional 2-cc
      coupler and a variable volume coupler designed to approximate real ear volume in
      children. Results indicated that acoustic gain determined in the 2-cc coupler
      underestimated aided threshold improvement by approximately 8.7 dB. Use of the
      variable volume coupler to determine acoustic gain, however, adequately predicted
      aided improvement at comfort setting. Use of the variable volume coupler in
      hearing-aid fittings for children is discussed with special emphasis on
      preventing over-amplification.

PMID- 692104
TI  - Stuttering therapy: the relation between attitude change and long-term outcome.
AB  - Previous research has indicated that attitude change generally follows behavior
      change in operant stuttering therapy programs. This study sought to examine the
      longterm therapy outcome of stutterers whose communication attitudes were not
      substantially normalized after fluency establishment and generalization.
      Posttransfer attitude scores of 20 stutterers were used to classify them into one
      of two groups: those whose communication attitudes had been modified to show less
      abnormality than the mean level for normal speakers, and those whose attitudes
      had not. Follow-up interviews with the 20 stutterers one year later indicated
      that those whose posttransfer attitudes were not substantially normalized
      stuttered significantly more. Theoretical and clinical implications are
      discussed.

PMID- 692106
TI  - Further comments concerning the Northwestern Syntax Screening Test.

PMID- 692105
TI  - Reed-fistula speech following pharyngolaryngectomy.

PMID- 692107
TI  - Our federation: stronger than ever.

PMID- 692108
TI  - AMA St. Louis: the 127th and last convention.

PMID- 692109
TI  - Pancreatitis--does the patient have it?

PMID- 692112
TI  - Tennessee perinatal care system.

PMID- 692110
TI  - EKG of the month.

PMID- 692111
TI  - CAT scan of the month.

PMID- 692113
TI  - Sexuality and the mentally retarded.

PMID- 692114
TI  - Androgen metabolism by and binding to rabbit epididymal tissue: studies on
      nuclei.

PMID- 692115
TI  - Characterization of mouse mammary tissue estrogen receptors under conditions of
      differing hormonal backgrounds.

PMID- 692117
TI  - Estrophilic molecules in the male guinea pig.

PMID- 692116
TI  - Determination of the binding properties of estradiol-17beta within the
      cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions of rat ventral prostate.

PMID- 692119
TI  - Pituitary uterotrophic effect in the estrogen-dependent growth of the rat uterus.

PMID- 692118
TI  - The effect of antibiotics on the enterohepatic circulation of ethinylestradiol
      and norethisterone in the rat.

PMID- 692120
TI  - Synthesis of new steroid haptens for radioimmunoassay--part V. 19-O-carboxymethyl
      ether derivative of testosterone. A highly specific antiserum for immunoassay of
      testosterone from both male and female plasma without chromatography.

PMID- 692121
TI  - Assessment of the specificity of norethisterone radioimmunoassays.

PMID- 692122
TI  - Characterization of progesterone receptors and metabolism of progesterone in the
      normal and cancerous human mammary gland.

PMID- 692125
TI  - Programming of hepatic histidase following prenatal administration of
      diethylstilbestrol.

PMID- 692123
TI  - [Steroid metabolizing enzymes from microorganisms. VII. The nature of the
      biospecific binding to an affinity matrix-affinity chromatography of 4-en-3-oxo
      steroid: (acceptor)-1-en-oxidoreductase from Nocardia opaca].

PMID- 692124
TI  - Androgenic regulation of a tissue specific isoenzyme of acid phosphatase in rat
      ventral prostate.

PMID- 692126
TI  - Effects of homo-aza-steroidal ester of p-bis(2-chloroethyl)amino phenyl acetic
      acid on lymphocytes stimulated with phytohemagglutinin in vitro.

PMID- 692128
TI  - [Simultaneous determination of plasma androgens in rats by mass fragmentography
      and isotope dilution].

PMID- 692129
TI  - Estradiol binding by rat thymus cytosol.

PMID- 692127
TI  - Reduction in [3H]-corticosterone binding to cytoplasmic receptors in the brain of
      diabetic rats.

PMID- 692130
TI  - Peripheral and ovarian vein plasma levels of 20alpha-dihydroprogesterone in women
      with normal menstrual cycles.

PMID- 692131
TI  - Corticosteroid production in vitro by adrenal tissue from rats with inherited
      hypothalamic diabetes insipidus (Brattleboro strain).

PMID- 692132
TI  - Radioimmunoassay of corticosterone, cortisol and cortisone: their application to
      human cord and maternal plasma.

PMID- 692133
TI  - Steroid 17-hydroxylation and androgen production by incubated rat adrenal tissue.

PMID- 692134
TI  - [Steroid converting enzymes from microorganisms. VIII. Effect of the organic
      solvent specific hydrophobicity of the binding on the affinity-matrix- affinity
      chromatography of a 4-en-3-oxo-steroid: (Acceptor)-1-en-oxidoreductase from
      Nocardia opaca].

PMID- 692135
TI  - Progesterone metabolism in vitro by ovaries from androgen-sterilized rats of
      different ages.

PMID- 692136
TI  - Preliminary observations on the use of Corynebacterium parvum in patients with
      primary intracranial tumors: effect on intracranial pressure.
AB  - It has been observed that patients with metastatic brain lesions developed
      neurologic symptoms when given Corynebacterium parvum. To obtain more information
      in patients with intracranial mass lesions, intracranial pressures (ICP) were
      measured or observed in six patients undergoing C. parvum therapy. All patients
      except two (one previously shunted, one recently operated) demonstrated a
      profound increase in ICP. It is presumed that either edema is formed within brain
      and tumor tissue (inasmuch as neurologic deterioration has not been observed in
      patients without an intracranial lesion) or transient increases in cerebral blood
      flow adversely alter an already compromised intracranial volume. Surgical
      decompression of tumor volume or use of Lasix may abort this response to C.
      parvum infusion.

PMID- 692138
TI  - Special problems in the evaluation of results in adjuvant trials of cancer
      treatment.
AB  - Adjuvant trials in cancer treatment present special problems in statistical
      analysis. When the primary treatment modality results in a relatively high cure
      rate and additional methods of treatment are being inserted in an effort to raise
      the figures to even higher levels, therapeutic benefit can be obscured unless all
      features of the study are carefully considered. Biologic benefit may easily be
      masked by the sizable number of patients randomized to receive adjuvant treatment
      who have no residual tumor and therefore could not possibly benefit therefrom.
      For example, 50% of patients undergoing "curative" resection for colon cancer
      survive without evidence of disease beyond the five-year postoperative period;
      thus at least half the patients randomized to receive adjuvant treatment
      (chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy) will be disease-free at the time of
      randomization and cannot benefit from adjuvant therapy. New methods of assessment
      of treatment must be developed; otherwise, substantial therapeutic effectiveness
      may go undetected.

PMID- 692137
TI  - Liver function tests after ligation of hepatic artery.
AB  - Nine patients with unresectable primary and secondary malignancy of the liver
      underwent ligation of the hepatic artery (HAL) distal to the gastroduodenal
      artery as a therapeutic measure. Another patient had a similar operation for
      hepatic artery aneurysm. Their postoperative liver function tests are studied in
      detail, and the patterns of change are compared with three other patients who had
      extensive resection of tissues but without HAL. It appears that liver function
      tests rarely became abnormal after major operations, whereas HAL produced an
      immediate rise of lactic dehydrogenase and transaminase (up to 5--60 times normal
      value), and creatine phosphokinase (4--15 times normal). All elevated enzymes
      returned to preoperative levels within a week. Alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin
      rose mildly after HAL and returned to preoperative range in about one week.
      However, if the patient had repeated surgical stress, anoxic insult, or maximal
      loss of the hepatic parenchyma, serum enzymes rose only slightly after HAL.

PMID- 692140
TI  - "Localized" carcinoma of the mobile tongue and floor of the mouth--a lesion
      frequently misjudged and undertreated.
AB  - A retrospective study of 74 cases of cancer of the mobile tongue and floor of the
      mouth, diagnosed between 1949 and 1975, with a two-year minimum follow-up was
      undertaken. The lesions were TNM staged, stages I and II  accounting for 56 cases
      (76%) and stages III and IV  accounting for 18 cases (24%). The analysis was
      restricted to the "localized" stage I  and stage II lesions. In this group
      failure occurred in 31 patients, or 55% of the group. Failure at the primary site
      accounted for 10 of the failures, failure at both primary and cervical lymph
      nodes accounted for 14, and failure at cervical lymph nodes only accounted for 7
      of the failures. The treatment for these "localized" lesions was then analyzed
      for modality, adequacy, presence or absence of planning failure, and survival.
      The results indicate the lethal nature of this lesion when inadequately treated
      and strongly suggest more extensive use of prophylactic therapy to the cervical
      lymph nodes.

PMID- 692139
TI  - Treatment of symptomatic metastatic cancer to the liver from primary colon and
      rectal cancer by the intraarterial administration of chemotherapy and radioactive
      isotopes.
AB  - Sixty-five patients were referred for treatment with symptoms resulting from
      metastatic cancer to the liver from the GI tract. Two groups of patients were
      analyzed. The first group of 40 patients were subjected to a laparotomy and
      insertion of a catheter into the hepatic artery and a second group had the
      catheter inserted percutaneously and a bolus of cancer chemotherapeutic agents
      injected into the catheter. In both groups, chemotherapy in the form of 5
      fluorouracil was supplemented by internal irradiation delivered from the
      intraarterial administration of Yttrium 90 microspheres. Forty percent of the
      patients who had an indwelling catheter performed at celiotomy manifested an
      objective response and in 60% a significant subjective improvement occurred. In
      the 25 patients whose catheter was inserted percutaneously, the response rate was
      roughly similar, in that 35% demonstrated an objective response and 65%
      demonstrated a subjective response.

PMID- 692141
TI  - Urinary etiocholanolone and prognosis in early carcinoma of the breast.
AB  - Etiocholanolone levels have been measured in both premastectomy and postoperative
      urines from 86 women with early breast cancer. Levels did not differ between
      patients subsequently surviving five years following mastectomy and those dying
      from recurrent disease within this period.

PMID- 692142
TI  - Three mice, two blind.
AB  - In a closed colony of approximately one million mice which had been rigidly
      pedigreed (brother to sister) from a few original mice, three unusual mice have
      appeared. These three have obviously deviated from what would be expected
      according to the accepted laws of inbreeding geneity. Thus three unexpected
      incidences of increased variability have occurred three times in addition to the
      occasional appearance of new mutations (approximately one in 26,000 mice). The
      first mouse developed a sudden increase in susceptibility to spontaneous tumors
      of mammary origin. She became the mother of the well-known C family used
      extensively in cancer research. The second mouse clearly exhibited, among clear
      cut altered biological characteristics, several somatic mutations, thus
      indicating an unstable genetic condition. The third mouse developed a highly
      significant capacity to regress and eliminate spontaneous tumor tissue. The
      conclusion is reached that unstable biological states arise occasionally during
      the process of inbreeding.

PMID- 692144
TI  - Critical analysis of methods for analysing human calcium kinetics.

PMID- 692143
TI  - Decisions, patterns, and oscillations in nonlinear competitive systems with
      applications to Volterra-Lotka systems.

PMID- 692145
TI  - Enzyme-substrate recognition.

PMID- 692146
TI  - Donor-acceptor model of electron transfer through proteins.

PMID- 692147
TI  - Cachexia, gluconeogenesis and progressive weight loss in cancer patients.

PMID- 692148
TI  - Potassium conductance models related to an interactive subunit membrane II. Monte
      Carlo analysis and subunit migration.

PMID- 692149
TI  - Ion transfer during electrolyte osmosis through a charged porous membrane.

PMID- 692151
TI  - Force-velocity relationship in single muscle fibres.

PMID- 692155
TI  - Perspectives in the design of small molecule enzyme inhibitors as useful drugs.

PMID- 692152
TI  - Co-transport of anions and neutral solutes with cations across charged biological
      membranes. Effects of surface potential on uptake kinetics.

PMID- 692154
TI  - A quantitative model of liver regeneration in the rat.

PMID- 692153
TI  - Abstract immunogenetic systems.

PMID- 692156
TI  - A hydrodynamic theory of ion conductance through ohmic pores.

PMID- 692150
TI  - Avoiding inbreeding: at what cost?

PMID- 692157
TI  - Reciprocal amino acid substitutions in the evolution of homologous peptides.

PMID- 692158
TI  - Coronary glow. Method of returning coronary bolus.

PMID- 692159
TI  - Photodermatoses.

PMID- 692161
TI  - Pyogenic infections.

PMID- 692160
TI  - Psoriasis in adolescence.

PMID- 692162
TI  - Syphilis.

PMID- 692163
TI  - Understanding the adolescent patient.
AB  - The chapter has presented a frame of reference with which to approach adolescent
      patients with skin disease. To be most effective, the physician must understand
      the complexities of adolescent development and the various biological, social,
      and psychological circumstances and reactions with which young people must cope.
      Suggestions are made regarding approaches to the management of the adolescent
      skin patient, in the wish to maximize the usefulness of the physician--patient
      relationship as a resource for helping young people to health and happiness.

PMID- 692164
TI  - Fungal infections.

PMID- 692166
TI  - Hair disorders.

PMID- 692165
TI  - Cutaneous nevi.

PMID- 692167
TI  - Miscellaneous dermatoses.

PMID- 692168
TI  - Structure and function of the skin.

PMID- 692169
TI  - Comments on informed consent.

PMID- 692171
TI  - Skull fracture with dural fistula and meningitis and exsanguinating epistaxis:
      patient report.

PMID- 692172
TI  - Speaking of hospitals.

PMID- 692173
TI  - Senescence: a stochastic molecular control theory.
AB  - A theoretical model of transcriptional control, in a preliminary form, is
      presented. The model has a critical boundary between a region of values in which
      the system is stable and essentially self-perpetuating and a region in which the
      essential macromolecules tend to disappear and not to be regenerated. The
      possibility of the transition results from cell division. Variation in the values
      of kinetic parameters or fluctuation in the partition of the macromolecules
      between the daughter cells of a division subject some cells in the population to
      the instability. Cells on the wrong side of the critical boundary may accumulate
      in G2, and will eventually die, at rates and frequencies depending on the
      specific peculiarities of various cell types (e.g., tissues). Such phenomena, in
      association with the characteristic division patterns predicted by the theory,
      have been observed in vitro and in vivo. "Programmed death" in morphogenesis may
      be an instance. Problems in the future development of the theory are outlined.
      The significance of clonal selection for atherogenesis and perhaps oncogenesis is
      noted. The theory is briefly contrasted with "damage" and "error" theories; and
      the eventual possibility of constructive intervention in ageing at the molecular
      level is suggested.

PMID- 692175
TI  - The waste-product theory of aging: waste dilution by cell division.
AB  - When cells divide, the quantity of waste material per cell decreases because the
      wastes are "diluted" by apportionment between the daughters which result from the
      division. The quantity of waste present in a symmetrically or asymmetrically
      dividing population of cells is governed by a first-order non-linear differential
      equation. In the derivation of the equation, it is assumed (a) that waste is
      created at a rate which is either constant or proportional to the amount of waste
      already formed, (b) that waste is neither destroyed nor transported across cell
      walls, and (c) that the rate of cell division at large values of time is
      inversely proportional to the amount of waste per cell raised to a power.
      Relations among the parameters of the differential equation specify conditions
      under which its solutions rise to a critical value. If the amount of waste per
      cell given by a solution of the differential equation exceeds this value, it is
      assumed that deleterious effects become evident and that cell death follows.
      Decreases in the cell division rate leading to a cessation of population growth
      may occur at lower levels of waste accumulation.

PMID- 692174
TI  - Tissue mosaics and clonal mechanisms of atherogenesis.
AB  - It is known that atherosclerotic lesions arising in aortae of females
      heterozygous for the A and B variants of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase are
      frequently though not invariably of one enzyme type. The occurrence of
      heterotypic lesions rules out single-cell origin. However, it is possible to
      analyze the results of such studies in terms of multicellular atherogenic foci.
      The variance in enzyme proportions in the normal tissue mosaic permits an
      assessment of clump or patch size. Then an application of geometrical probability
      permits the derivation of a relation between the proportion of monotypic lesions
      and the size and cell number of the original atherogenic focus. Comparison with
      suitable experimental data gives reasonable estimates of these cell numbers. The
      influence of selection in the cell population on such estimates is considered.

PMID- 692176
TI  - Quantitation of residual bodies in cultured human glial cells during stationary
      and logarithmic growth phases.

PMID- 692177
TI  - Evidence that transcription changes in ageing cultures are terminal events
      occurring after the expression of a reduced replicative potential.
AB  - There is a progressive decline in replicative capacity with increasing age as
      expressed in terms of percentage labelled nuclei with 3H-thymidine and altered
      saturation density at confluency. This expression of ageing in vitro is seen in
      three different lines of human embryo diploid fibroblasts, although the pattern
      and rate of decline is different in each case. Generalization about in vitro
      ageing from studies with one cell line should therefore be made with care or
      avoided. There was an increase in total cellular RNA content as cultures aged
      which was more pronounced as cells entered the senescent or terminal phase of
      their lifespan. This increase appeared to be accompanied by a slightly elevated
      uptake and incorporation of 3H-uridine per cell. Template activity of isolated
      nuclei was markedly reduced in very late passage or phase III cells, but did not
      show a progressive decline with increasing age. These studies show that there is
      a reduced replicative potential which is not accompanied by a detectable decline
      in transcription, and suggest that the altered template activity should be
      regarded as an effect of ageing in vitro.

PMID- 692170
TI  - The operative microscope in clinical neurosurgery.

PMID- 692178
TI  - Alteration of the activity and molecular from of thymidine kinase during
      development and aging in the mouse cerebellum.
AB  - Protein, DNA and thymidine kinase levels were assayed during development and
      aging in the mouse cerebellum. A roughly parallel increase in protein and DNA
      content occurred from birth, reaching a plateau at 18 days; these adult levels
      increased by 30% in the 23 month-old cerebellum. Thymidine kinase activity
      reached a maximum at 6 postnatal days, then decreased steadily to reach, at 18
      days, the low level that was maintained in the adult. The thymidine kinase
      synthesized in the aged cerebellum differed from that in the neonate by having
      (i) an increased specific activity, (ii) a faster migrating species upon
      electrophoresis, (iii) an inhibition by dCTP, and (iv) a lower affinity for the
      substrate thymidine (higher Km). Mathematical calculations indicated the
      appearance of a larger number of smaller sized cells in the aged cerebellum, when
      compared with the young adult. Histological analysis established that the newly
      synthesized cells were localized in the molecular layer of the old cerebellum. It
      appears that senescence in the mouse cerebellum may be associated with an
      increased synthesis of glial cells.

PMID- 692179
TI  - Development of the aging cell surface: concanavalin A-mediated intercellular
      binding and the distribution of binding sites with progressive subcultivation of
      human embryo fibroblasts.
AB  - External surfaces of early and late passage human embryo fibroblasts were reacted
      with concanavalin A to determine whether quantitative and qualitative variations
      in receptor sites develop with increased serial subcultivation. Comparative
      analyses of direct con A binding to cell surfaces; lectin-mediated cell-to-cell
      binding and agglutination; and ultrastructural distribution of con A receptor
      sites were made on the surfaces of both cell groups. Subtle variations were
      observed in the patterns of intercellular binding between early and late passage
      cells as assayed by both agglutination and the binding of cells in suspension to
      substrate-attached monolayers. However, no major differences in the total number
      of binding sites per cell were expressed on the external surfaces of either
      group. Hemocyanin-labeled binding sites tended to be more clustered on membranes
      of late passage cells in contrast to more homogeneous patterns of distribution in
      early passage specimens. These observations suggest that variations in binding
      patterns are not the result of changes in numbers of binding sites but may be the
      result of alterations in the concerted actions of numerous factors which include
      cell surface topography (e.g. villous projections) and the relative distribution
      of lectin binding sites on the cell periphery.

PMID- 692180
TI  - [Serological patterns of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in man. II. Passive
      hemagglutination test].

PMID- 692181
TI  - [Sensitivity of Candida to 5-fluorocytosine and amphotericin B].

PMID- 692182
TI  - [Cell-mediated response of animals to human IgG aggregates].

PMID- 692183
TI  - [Effect of various doses of selenium on acid phosphatase activity of rat
      peripheral blood leukocytes].

PMID- 692184
TI  - [Serological patterns of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in man. I. Complement fixation
      tests].

PMID- 692185
TI  - [Maternal and infant mortality, especially in developing countries].

PMID- 692186
TI  - [The physiology and functional anatomy of pain].

PMID- 692187
TI  - [Possible mechanism of pain, dysesthesia and hyperalgesia].

PMID- 692188
TI  - [Treatment of chronic pain conditions by operation on the peripheral nerve and
      spinal root].

PMID- 692189
TI  - [Handling of chronic pain conditions--anesthesiological views].

PMID- 692190
TI  - [Recurrent purulent meningitis in a patient with Behcet's syndrome].

PMID- 692191
TI  - [Radiotherapy of differentiated thyroid neoplasms].

PMID- 692192
TI  - [Abdominal computer tomography].

PMID- 692193
TI  - [Current research on the endorphins in psychoses].

PMID- 692194
TI  - [Poisoning by drugs and alcohol].

PMID- 692195
TI  - [Impedance cardiography].

PMID- 692196
TI  - [Public health work in Liberia].

PMID- 692197
TI  - [Home medical care of children--a therapeutic alternative].

PMID- 692198
TI  - [How tobacco information at school influences the smoking habits of secondary and
      high school students].

PMID- 692199
TI  - [Distribution of internal medicine patients in outpatient care].

PMID- 692200
TI  - [Screening for congenital hypothyroidism: when, where and how?].

PMID- 692201
TI  - [Urothelial tumours--etiology, diagnosis and treatment].

PMID- 692202
TI  - [Why are naturopathic preparations purchased in health food stores?].

PMID- 692204
TI  - [Alcohol detoxication without medicines--a Canadian model worth trying?].

PMID- 692203
TI  - [Screening for congenital hypothyroidism in neonates in the county of
      Vasterbotten].

PMID- 692205
TI  - [Glucagonoma--symptoms, diagnosis, localization, therapy and follow-up].

PMID- 692206
TI  - [Penetrating thoracic injuries from a Swedish perspective.  The size of the
      problem and educational aspects].

PMID- 692207
TI  - [Hand injuries caused by high pressure injections].

PMID- 692208
TI  - [7 years of practical experience with group care].

PMID- 692209
TI  - [The individual within and outside the uterus].

PMID- 692210
TI  - [Cardiac tamponade].

PMID- 692211
TI  - [Solitary ulcer of the rectum--a diagnostic and therapeutic problem].

PMID- 692212
TI  - [Of what importance are the resources of the large hospital in colo-rectal
      cancer?].

PMID- 692213
TI  - [Delay in the diagnosis of breast cancer].

PMID- 692214
TI  - [Construction--industrial health in Gothenburg: We must help "the old men" to
      avoid injuries].

PMID- 692215
TI  - [Construction jobs with special strain on the shoulder muscles].

PMID- 692216
TI  - [Tagamet, from the district physician's outlands].

PMID- 692217
TI  - [Development of cancer in ulcerative colitis].

PMID- 692218
TI  - [Attempts at resuscitation in an acute clinic].

PMID- 692219
TI  - [Complications of tracheostomy].

PMID- 692220
TI  - [Views on tracheostomy in children].

PMID- 692221
TI  - [Tracheotomy--air conditioning, aerodynamics and of stenosis factors].

PMID- 692222
TI  - [Diagnosis and work of breathing in tracheal stenosis].

PMID- 692223
TI  - [Examination of cuff-induced tracheal injuries in experimental animals].

PMID- 692224
TI  - [Clinical experiences with a high volume cuff].

PMID- 692225
TI  - [High volume cuffs and precautionary measures].

PMID- 692226
TI  - [Pseudomonas spondylitis in heroin addicts].

PMID- 692227
TI  - [The Chinese restaurant syndrome].

PMID- 692228
TI  - [Progress in myeloma therapy?].

PMID- 692229
TI  - [Solitary ulcer of the rectum].

PMID- 692230
TI  - [Lung neoplasm mortality in Sweden 1964-76].

PMID- 692231
TI  - [Myasthenia gravis (1). Experimental myasthenia gravis--a tool for the study of
      the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of myasthenia gravis].

PMID- 692232
TI  - [Myasthenia gravis (2). Antibodies against acetylcholinergic receptros in
      myasthenia gravis].

PMID- 692233
TI  - [Myasthenia gravis (3). Corticosteroid therapy of myasthenia gravis].

PMID- 692234
TI  - [Risk of adverse effects of contraception].

PMID- 692235
TI  - [Suicide during solvent intoxication].

PMID- 692236
TI  - [Giving up smoking by 50-year-old males].

PMID- 692237
TI  - [A way to learn psychiatry].

PMID- 692238
TI  - [Endocrine surgery--a new surgical subspeciality].

PMID- 692239
TI  - [Chest pain, bronchitis and asthma in hiatal hernia: a differential diagnostic
      dilemma].

PMID- 692240
TI  - Crosslanguage differences in tone perception: a multidimensional scaling
      investigation.

PMID- 692241
TI  - A new method of investigating the perception of prosodic features.

PMID- 692242
TI  - A cross-national comparison of English-language category norms.

PMID- 692243
TI  - The relationship between subjective measures of nasality and measures of the oral
      and nasal sound pressure ratio.

PMID- 692244
TI  - Dialect interference in West Indian children.

PMID- 692245
TI  - Recognition of psychiatric disorders from voice quality.

PMID- 692246
TI  - On the relation between processing the Roman and the Cyrillic alphabets: a
      preliminary analysis with bi-alphabetical readers.

PMID- 692247
TI  - Bi-alphabetical lexical decision.

PMID- 692249
TI  - Error, anomaly, and variation in the English of deaf individuals.

PMID- 692248
TI  - Lexical decision for inflected nouns.

PMID- 692250
TI  - Comprehension of relative clauses by children aged five to nine years.

PMID- 692251
TI  - Further data on the effect of ethionamide and prothionamide in experimental
      leprosy.

PMID- 692252
TI  - Ocular leprosy in Iran: findings of a random survey at the Baba Baghi
      Leprosarium, Tabriz.

PMID- 692253
TI  - Albumin synthesis and secretion by isolated morphologically characterized avian
      hepatic parenchymal cells.

PMID- 692254
TI  - 5' Guanylyl-imidodiphosphate actions on adenylate cyclase in homogenates of rat
      cerebral cortex plus neuronal and capillary fractions.

PMID- 692255
TI  - The content of GABA and other amino acids in bovine cerebral cortex synaptic
      vesicles.

PMID- 692256
TI  - Relationship between mitogen response and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase in
      cultured human lymphocytes.

PMID- 692257
TI  - Effect of long-term restriction of protein intake, from gestation onward, on free
      choice consumption of ethanol by rats.

PMID- 692258
TI  - Use of stable isotopes in studies on the metabolism of amphetamine.

PMID- 692259
TI  - Estimation of deanol and choline by gas chromatography mass spectrometry.

PMID- 692260
TI  - Stereoselectivity in the metabolism of drobuline (d1--1- (isopropylamino) -4,4
      diphenyl-2-butanol) a new anti-arrhythmic agent.

PMID- 692261
TI  - Analysis of mumps virus defectiveness in vitro.

PMID- 692262
TI  - The uptake of 3H-choline and release of 3H-acetylcholine in the rat substantia
      nigra.

PMID- 692263
TI  - Tolerance to morphine analgesia and immobility measured in rats by changes in log
      dose-response curves.

PMID- 692264
TI  - Interaction of methotrexate with polycationic carriers.

PMID- 692265
TI  - Effect of taurine on ATP-dependent calcium transport in guinea-pig cardiac
      muscle.

PMID- 692266
TI  - Effect of apomorphine on human sleep.

PMID- 692267
TI  - Chemical lesion and drug induced supersensitivity and subsensitivity of caudate
      dopamine receptors.

PMID- 692268
TI  - Inhibition of dopamine receptors in the stomach: an explanation of the
      gastrokinetic properties of domperidone.

PMID- 692269
TI  - Effects of bromocriptine on 3H-spiroperidol binding sites in rat striatum.
      Evidence for actions of dopamine receptors not linked to adenylate cyclase.

PMID- 692270
TI  - 3H-Haloperidol binding: some theoretical aspects.

PMID- 692271
TI  - Microelectrophoretic studies with 2-bromo-alpha-ergocriptine on dopaminergic
      neurons in the feline caudate nucleus.

PMID- 692272
TI  - Ligand binding to dopamine-receptors: analysis & interpretation.

PMID- 692273
TI  - Dopamine receptor binding: specificity, localization and regulation by ions and
      guanyl nucleotides.

PMID- 692274
TI  - The effect of varying 3H-spiperone concentration on its binding parameters.

PMID- 692275
TI  - Classification of dopamine-antagonists from pharmacological data.

PMID- 692276
TI  - LSD and related drugs as DA antagonists: receptor-mediated effects on the
      synthesis and turnover of DA.

PMID- 692277
TI  - 3H-Spiperone binding in normal and schizophrenic post-mortem human brain.

PMID- 692278
TI  - Subcellular localization of dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase and dopamine
      receptor binding activities.

PMID- 692279
TI  - A behavioural and biochemical comparison of dopamine receptor blockade produced
      by haloperidol with that produced by substituted benzamide drugs.

PMID- 692280
TI  - 3H-Clozapine binding to rat brain membranes.

PMID- 692281
TI  - Loss of striatal dopaminergic receptors after intrastriatal kainic acid
      injection.

PMID- 692282
TI  - Solubilization of 3H-spiperone binding sites from rat brain.

PMID- 692283
TI  - Heterogeneity of LSD-displacing factors and multiple types of high affinity LSD
      binding sites.

PMID- 692284
TI  - On the relation between haloperidol-induced alterations in DA release and DA
      metabolism in rat striatum.

PMID- 692285
TI  - Investigations concerning the cellular origin of dopamine receptors.

PMID- 692286
TI  - Influence of lithium on dopamine-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in rat
      brain.

PMID- 692287
TI  - Inhibition of copulatory behavior in male rats by D-Ala2-Met-enkephalinamide.

PMID- 692288
TI  - Polyamines and ornithine decarboxylase activity in the developing rat retina.

PMID- 692289
TI  - An endogenous inhibitor of indoleamine-N-methyltransferase in cerebrospinal
      fluid.

PMID- 692290
TI  - Naloxone effects on a nociceptive response of hypophysectomized and
      adrenalectomized mice.

PMID- 692291
TI  - Colon tumor: enzymology of the neoplastic program.

PMID- 692292
TI  - A possible role of erythrocytes in storing and distributing arachidonic acid in
      rat.

PMID- 692293
TI  - Effects of cold stress on rats fed different levels of docosenoic acids.
AB  - Male Sprague-Dawley rats, 4 weeks old, were subjected to an ambient temperature
      of 4 C for periods up to 24 days and fed a synthetic diet containing one of the
      following oils: peanut oil (PO), rapeseed oil (RO), low erucic acid rapeseed oil
      (LO), and partially hydrogenated marine oil (HO), each at 20% w/w. A parallel
      experiment using the same oils was performed at room temperature (23 C). During
      cold stress, animals on the RO diet showed higher mortality than all other
      groups; all 20 animals in this group died within 5 days. At room temperature,
      however, all animals survived. The lipid accumulation in the heart reached its
      peak in all groups after 3 days and then gradually declined. The accumulation was
      most pronounced in the RO animals and coincided with the high mortality at 4 C.
      The fatty acid composition of the cardiac triglycerides reflected that of the
      diet, while the composition of the cardiac lecithin was only marginally modified.

PMID- 692294
TI  - Liver and thymus lipid composition in AKR mice with and without lymphomas.
AB  - Lipid composition of liver and thymus in controls, early stage lymphoma, and
      advanced stage lymphoma-bearing AKR mice was studied. There was a significant
      decrease in the liver total lipid content in mice with advanced lymphoma, whereas
      in the early stages, no quantitative change was seen. In livers of mice with
      advanced stage lymphoma, there was a significant decrease in the nonpolar
      fraction. The decrease was in triglyceride, whereas the cholesterol fractions
      were relatively increased though hig,ly variable. There was an increase in the
      polar lipid/nonpolar lipid ratio in the advanced lymphoma livers and a very large
      increase in the polar lipid/triglyceride ratio, indicating that the decrease in
      total lipid in these livers was largely in the triglyceride fraction. Similar
      changes were seen in the thymus, in which the lipid composition reflected the
      transformation from normal to malignant cells.

PMID- 692295
TI  - Lipogenesis in iron-deficient adult rats.
AB  - Iron-deficient (5 ppm Fe) or control (307 ppm Fe) diets were fed ad libitum to
      female rats for 7 weeks, and then meal-fed for 4 weeks. Body weights, hemoglobin
      levels, and hematocrits were lower (p less than 0.01) in deficient group (184 +/-
      7, 7.1 +/- 0.4, 32.7 +/- 0.6) than in the control group (220 +/- 10, 16.9 +/-
      0.3, 51.8 +/- 0.8) at the end of the 11-week experiment. Animals were killed 4 hr
      after meal feeding, and liver slices, mesenteric adipose tissue, and segments of
      mid-jejunum were incubated in vitro with [U-14C] glucose or 3H2O. Adipose tissue
      from deficient rats had incorporation of [U-14C] glucose into triglycerides two
      to three times greater than control rats (p less than 0.01). Release of 14CO2
      from glucose was greater in adipose tissue of deficient rats than controls (p
      less than 0.05). Incorporation of 3H2O into triglycerides was also two to three
      times greater in deficient adipose tissue than in controls (p less than 0.02). In
      liver slices, incorporation of glucose in polar lipids was slightly higher in
      deficient rats than in control rats (p less than 0.05). No significant
      differences were found in incorporation of 3H20 or [U-14C] glucose into lipids or
      CO2 in jejunum. Thus, iron- deficient adult rats have greater lipid synthesis
      from 3H2O and glucose in adipose tissue than rats fed adequate levels of iron.

PMID- 692296
TI  - The effects of clofibrate feeding on the metabolism of palmitate and erucate in
      isolated hepatocytes.
AB  - The metabolism of palmitate and erucate has been investigated in hepatocytes
      isolated from control rats and from rats fed 0.3% clofibrate. Clofibrate
      increased the oxidation of [1-14C]palmitate 1.5 to 2-fold while the
      esterification was decreased. At a high concentration of palmitate (1.5 mM), the
      total rate of fatty acid metabolism was stimulated. Clofibrate stimulated both
      the oxidation (3.5 to 5-fold) and the esterfication (1.7-fold) of [14
      14C]erucate. Erucate undergoes chain-shortening in isolated liver cells. This
      chain-shortening was stimulated at least 2-fold by clofibrate feedings. The
      isolated mitochondrial fraction from clofibrate-fed rats showed an increased
      capacity for oxidation of short-chain acylcarnitines (including acetylcarnitine),
      while the oxidation of palmitoyl- and erucoylcarnitine showed little change. It
      is suggested that erucate is shortened by the recently detected beta-oxidation
      system of peroxisomes.

PMID- 692297
TI  - Uropygial gland alkane diol diesters in the Kn mutation of the domestic chicken.
AB  - Uropygial glands from chickens which are known to have the Kn gene secrete
      qualitatively the same types of alkane diol diesters as the normal domestic
      chicken. However, there are many significant differences in the mole percent of
      individual fatty acids and diols within the diester between the two genetic types
      of chickens. In general, the mutant chickens have lesser amounts of the shorter
      chain fatty acids and diols and greater amounts of the longer chain fatty acids
      and diols. There is also a gene dosage effect with two mutant genes having a
      greater effect in many cases than a single mutant gene.

PMID- 692298
TI  - Factors related to competitive stress among male youth sport participants.
AB  - A study was conducted to determine intrapersonal and situational factors related
      to the stress experienced by 11 and 12 year old boys participating in competitive
      youth sports. Potential stress related factors were assessed at preseason,
      pregame, and postgame periods. The indicant of stress was state anxiety measured
      by the Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory for Children administered 30 minutes
      prior to and immediately following a competitive soccer game. Findings indicated
      that competitive trait anxiety, self esteem, basal state anxiety, and
      expectancies of self and team performance outcomes were significantly related to
      stress experienced when anticipating competition. As hypothesized, game win-loss
      was a highly significant predictor of post-game stress. Other predictors of
      postgame stress were the game win-loss x game closeness interaction, the amount
      of fun experienced during the game, basal state anxiety, and the perceived
      importance of a game win to the coach. The findings are discussed in terms of the
      child's actual and perceived response capabilities in meeting the performance
      demands of the highly evaluative sport competition process.

PMID- 692299
TI  - Recovery of muscular endurance following submaximal, isometric exercise.
AB  - Each of 22 subjects squeezed a hand-gripping device for as long as possible at a
      tension of 50% of his maximum voluntary contraction. When the prescribed tension
      could no longer be maintained, the subject was given a predetermined rest period
      and at its conclusion again squeezed the hand dynamometer in a second all-out
      bout. The length of the interbout rest period was either 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160,
      320, 640, 1280, or 2560 sec. Each subject experienced every rest period with the
      order of administration assigned at random. At least three days intervened
      between successive testing sessions. The mean time the subjects persisted during
      the first bout was 120.25 sec. The percentage of recovery, calculated by dividing
      the holding time of the first bout into the time of the second, ranged from 20.3%
      after 5 sec of rest to 86.8% following the 2,560-sec rest interval. An analysis
      of the percentages of recovery at the various time periods revealed that the
      pattern of submaximal isometric endurance recovery folowed a three-component
      exponential curve.

PMID- 692300
TI  - The effect of blood infusion upon endurance capacity and ratings of perceived
      exertion.
AB  - The purpose of this investigation was to study the effect of blood infusion upon
      maximal endurance capacity and ratings of perceived exertaion (RPE). Sixteen long
      distance runners, 13 of whom were marathoners, undertook four trials (T1-T4) of a
      treadmill run to exhaustion over a five week period. Criterion measures were time
      to exhaustion (TE) and RPE during each T. Data on Hb, Hct and RBCs were collected
      prior to each trial. Based on TE at T1, Ss were matched and assigned to either
      the experimental (E) or control (C) group. One week after T1, all Ss had 460 ml
      blood withdrawn. T2 was undertaken 2 weeks postwithdrawal. One week after T2, or
      21 days postwithdrawal, the E group was infused with their own RBCs while the C
      group received 460 ml normal saline. T3 was taken 2 hours postinfusion and T4 one
      week later. The results of the factorial repeated measures ANOVA revealed no
      significant differences (p less than .05) between groups for either TE or RPE,
      even though the Hb level for the E group was significantly higher (P less than
      .01) than the C group at T3 and T4.

PMID- 692301
TI  - The effects of a collegiate wrestling season on body composition, cardiovascular
      fitness and muscular strength and endurance.
AB  - The purposes of this investigation were: (1) to study the body composition,
      cardiovascular fitness and muscular strength and endurance of collegiate
      wrestlers during the course of a season; (2) to determine if selected regression
      equations used to predict minimal wrestling weight were accurate; (3) to
      determine if the wrestlers who participated in the study had an accurate
      perception of their ideal minimal wrestling weights. Body composition (body
      densitometry), aerobic power (Vo2 max), and muscular strength and endurance
      (isokinetic) were measured during pre, peak, and post-seasons. The fact that very
      few significant changes occurred in these measurements during the course of the
      study appears to be the result of year-round training on the part of the athletes
      studied. Their peak-season percent body fat (8.36%) was very similar to that
      reported in other studies involving mature wrestlers. Rapid weight loss through
      dehydration appeared to be the preferred method of weight reduction among these
      athletes.

PMID- 692302
TI  - Frequency and intensity of exercise training for elderly subjects.

PMID- 692303
TI  - Caloric cost of walking and running.
AB  - Twenty-four young adult male subjects were used to study the relationship between
      total caloric costs (exercise and recovery costs) incurred and speed of movement
      over a distance of 1 mile. Caloric costs were determined at walking speeds of 3,
      4, and 5 mph and at running speeds of 5, 7, and 9 mph. Energy costs were assessed
      every 20 sec during the activity and during the recovery until the caloric cost
      returned to pre-established resting levels. The fitness level of the subjects was
      considered as a moderating variable. 3regression equations to predict caloric
      cost from body weight, speed of movement, and VO2 max were also developed.
      Conclusions for the given speeds were: (1) running is more costly than walking,
      (2) the cost of walking a mile increases with speed of movement, and (3) for
      running speeds, total caloric cost and VO2 max are inversely related. The
      independent variables for the regression equation for walking included body
      weight and speed squared times body weight (R2 = .86). The independent variables
      for the running equation were identical to the ones used in the walking equation
      with the addition of speed times VO2 max (R2 = .62).

PMID- 692304
TI  - Effects of arm training on retention of training effects derived from leg
      training.
AB  - This study examined the effects of arm training on retention of training effects
      produced by leg training. Thirteen adult male subjects leg trained on bicycle
      ergometers for 8 weeks. During the subsequent 4 week control period group AT (N =
      4) arm trained by cranking an ergometer, group DT (N = 4) discontinued training
      and group LT (N = 5) continued leg training. Metabolic response to maximal and
      submaximal (80% initial Vo2max) leg work was observed before (Test I) and after
      (Test II) the 8 week leg training program and at the conclusion of the control
      period (Test III). With the initial 8 weeks of leg training Vo2max and maximal Ve
      increased while Vo2, HR, Ve and blood lactate decreased during submaximal work (p
      less than .05). R was decreased during both maximal and submaximal work (p less
      than .05). Analysis of covariance of the Test III means (Test II as covariate)
      yielded significant (p less than .05)F-ratios for Vo2max and R at Vo2max. Post
      hoc testing indicated that Vo2max was greater in LT than in AT or DT but that
      there was no difference between AT and DT. R at Vo2max was greater in DT than in
      LT or AT. These data suggest that arm training does not significantly affect the
      deterioration in metabolic response to leg work which occurs with cessation of
      leg training.

PMID- 692305
TI  - Energy cost of circuit weight training.
AB  - The metabolic cost of circuit weight training was determined in a group of 20 men
      and 20 women, 17 to 36 years of age, who volunteered to participate in this
      study. Performing 3 circuits (10 stations/circuit), using a work (30-sec) to rest
      (15-sec) ratio of 2:1, and a total exercise time of 22.5 min, the energy
      expenditure was found to be highly related to body weight (r = 0.84 and r = 0.67
      for men and women respectively). The average gross energy expenditure was 539.7
      and 367.5 kcal/hr. (9.0 and 6.1 kcal/min) for the men and women respectively, but
      was 7.0 and 6.0 kcal/kg-hr when expressed relative to body weight, and 8.1 and
      8.2 kcal/kg(LBW)-min when expressed relative to lean body weight. Thus, when body
      composition was considered, there were essentially no differences in the energy
      expenditure for males and females.

PMID- 692306
TI  - Physiological alterations consequent to circuit weight training.
AB  - The efficacy of a 10-week program of circuit weight training to elicit specific
      physiological alterations was evaluated in a group of men (n = 16) and a group of
      women (n = 12), with an additional group of men (n = 10) and a group of women (n
      = 11) serving as controls. The circuit consisted of 10 stations performed on a
      Universal Gym, 3 circuits per day (approximately 22.5 min/day), 3 days/week. The
      subjects exercised at 40-55% of 1-RM, executing as many repetitions as possible
      in 30 sec on each of the lifts, followed by a 15 sec rest as the subject moved to
      the next station. Following the training program, the experimental groups
      demonstrated significant increases in lean body weight, flexed biceps girth,
      treadmill endurance time, VEmax (women only), Vo2max in ml/kg-min (women only),
      flexibility and strength. Significant decreases were found in selected skinfold
      measurements, and in resting heart rate (control group showed similar decreases).
      No change was found in body weight or in relative or absolute body fat.
      Generally, the women exhibited equal or greater changes when compared to the men
      for all variables assessed, which could be a function of their lower initial
      starting levels, or a more intense training program. It was concluded that
      circuit weight training is a good general conditioning activity, i.e., attends to
      more than one component of fitness.

PMID- 692307
TI  - Muscle glycogen depletion and lactate concentration during downhill skiing.
AB  - Skilled and unskilled skiers were studied during downhill skiing. Muscle glycogen
      and muscle lactate concentrations in the vastus lateralis muscle were determined
      following different skiing conditions. Heavy glycogen utilization was found in
      the groups studied during a day of skiing. The skilled and unskilled skiers
      differed with respect to selective glycogen depletion pattern and the skilled
      subjects demonstrated greater depletion of slow twitch fibers than the unskilled
      subjects. Lactate concentrations ranged from approximately 5-26 mmoles x kg-1 wet
      muscle after approximately one minute of maximal skiing. This wide range was not
      found to be related to the level of skiing proficiency. However, skiing with
      varyingly angled boots, resulting in different knee angles, did affect lactate
      concentration. Lactate concentration was positively correlated to individual
      muscle fiber composition expressed as a percent of fast twitch fibers. The
      results suggest more pronounced involvement of aerobic energy metabolism in
      skilled skiers than in unskilled skiers.

PMID- 692308
TI  - Performance and efficiency of intercollegiate cross-country skiers.
AB  - Ten male intercollegiate cross-country skiers were studied to identify factors
      influencing competitive performance and to estimate the efficiency of energy
      expenditure in skiing. The variables examined were maximum oxygen intake, as
      determined by both uphill treadmill running and by maximal level skiing, physical
      characteristics, strength and experience in cross-country skiing and racing.
      Multiple regression analysis showed that racing experience, cardiorespiratory
      fitness, and body fat percentage were significant factors in racing success. The
      net mechanical efficiency at this level of competition was estimated at 21.3%.

PMID- 692309
TI  - Football fatalities in actuarial perspective.
AB  - The relative risk of death among school and college varsity football players was
      calculated as a replication of a statistical exercise published a decade earlier.
      The purpose of the original exercise had been to demonstrate the epidemiological
      necessities and pitfalls in using fatality data to approach the hazardousness of
      sport. The purpose of this replication was to examine the stability of the
      findings of that exercise. In 1964, football was found not to constitute an
      additional risk of death to its participants compared to the overall mortality
      rate of young males adjusted for comparability by exposure to a football season.
      Further, compared to the automobile-related mortality rate of this population,
      football was much safer. In 1974 (and 1975), the frequency of football fatalities
      has declined, and the respective actuarial ratios consequently remained favorable
      to football. Fatality data, however, have limited utility in the search for
      preventive practices in sport. What is needed is continuous surveillance of all
      significant injuries and illnesses, using epidemiological principles.

PMID- 692310
TI  - Physical estimation and attraction scales: rationale and research.
AB  - Rationale, development, and validation studies for the Physical Estimation and
      Attraction Scales (PEAS) are dicussed. A psychological model for physical
      activity participation is advanced which utilizes Estimation (self-perceptions of
      physical ability) and Attraction (measured interest in physical activity) as
      mediating variables in physical ability, physical activity participation, self
      esteem relationships. Tests of the model have inferred physical ability from
      performance at motor fitness tests, participation from paper and pencil self
      reports, and self-esteem from several of the more widely used measures of general
      self-esteem. Conclusions developed from studying these variables in male
      adolescent samples are presented.

PMID- 692311
TI  - [Chemical resistance of materials for medical laboratory procedures].

PMID- 692312
TI  - [Resistance of medical equipment to exposure to molds].
AB  - When operating biomedical equipment and instruments in areas with tropical
      climate there arises danger of their microbiological damage. All pieces of
      equipment and instruments that have to meet requirements as to their resistance
      to the action of moulds are subjected to testing for mould-resistance. The paper
      sets forth the results of such tests and their analysis. The resistance of the
      equipment and instruments depends on the physical and chemical properties and on
      the technology of manufacture of their materials. The results of the analysis of
      the results obtained served as a background for recommendations as to the use of
      resistant materials and effecting measures raising their quality. Such measures
      include the choice of resistent components, biocides, additives and admixtures to
      materials and coatings.

PMID- 692313
TI  - [Electronic device for precision temperature regulation in laboratory
      thermostats].

PMID- 692314
TI  - [Increasing the sensitivity of thermoluminescent dosimetric device TDP-2].

PMID- 692315
TI  - [Medical technology of the "Medikor" factory association at the Moscow
      exhibition].

PMID- 692316
TI  - [Foreign medical technology at the "Optika-77" exhibition].
AB  - An analytical review of technical means for medico-technical investigations
      exposed by foreign firms at the exhibition "Optika-77" in Moscow suggests the
      following trends in the development of technical means, viz. providing the
      researcher with a processes, readily comprehensible information; improving the
      macro- and microanalysis of morphological structure of the tissues; designing and
      construction of new analyzers of substances; automation of functional
      investigations and scrutiny of substances.

PMID- 692317
TI  - [Standardization of methods for testing the resistance of medical equipment to
      mechanical stress].
AB  - The existing methods and facilities for testing biomedical equipment for
      vibration resistence is adopted from technical standards prepared for
      manufactures of radio-industry and fail to take into consideration actual
      operation conditions and transportation of equipment and instruments of
      biomedical engineering. On the ground of experience gained by testing medical
      equipment proposals for elaborating rules and conditions for vibration resistance
      testing for medical equipment are offered.

PMID- 692318
TI  - [Reserves for upgrading the effectiveness of technical servicing of medical
      equipment].

PMID- 692319
TI  - [Ways of improving the efficiency of utilizing medical equipment].

PMID- 692321
TI  - [Four-contact flat electrocardiographic electrode].

PMID- 692320
TI  - [Probing olive for taking gastric juice].

PMID- 692322
TI  - [X-ray localizer for transthoracic puncture biopsy].
AB  - A spot-centring appliance whose purpose is to guide an instrument for
      transthoracic puncture biopsy with maximum precision into the spector of the
      thoracic cavity chosen during roentgenoscopy. The X-ray locator is made up of a
      centring device, depth gauge and a spotting device with roentgen-contrast
      orientation points which ensure all the spotting and centring manipulations. The
      transthoracic puncture biopsy is performed outside the range of the X-ray action.

PMID- 692323
TI  - [Conductometric cytometer TsMK-2].

PMID- 692325
TI  - [Rheoplethysmograph RPG-202].

PMID- 692324
TI  - [Medical fluorimeter FM-Ts-2].

PMID- 692326
TI  - [Photoelectric hemoglobinometer GF-3].

PMID- 692327
TI  - [Automatic syringe for multiple use].

PMID- 692328
TI  - [Large set of ocular test lenses].

PMID- 692329
TI  - [International symposium "Apparatus for replacing the heart and kidneys"].

PMID- 692330
TI  - [Device for measuring blood pressure in newborn infants].

PMID- 692331
TI  - [Determination of the permissible error of a photoelectric concentration meter
      for an automatic biochemical analyzer].
AB  - On the ground results derived from an analysis of metrological characteristics of
      the biochemical automatic unit systems and of their influence on the end-result
      with due regard for actual operating conditions a formula for the automatic unit
      error was deduced. The specificity of technical requirements to be met by
      automatic meters is shown and a new complex set of metrological characteristics
      of the concentration meter are given. At the same time permissible values for
      metrological characteristics of the meter satisfying medical requirements are
      defined. The new complex set of metrological characteristics for the biochemical
      automatic unit concentration meter allows it to make a change from the absolute
      photometric scale of the device to the one in relative units.

PMID- 692333
TI  - [Comments on more recent trends in the pathology of psychiatric diseases].

PMID- 692332
TI  - [Endemic nephropathy (Balkan nephritis)].

PMID- 692334
TI  - [Is there a bilirary reflux gastritis?].

PMID- 692335
TI  - [Kympgraphic manifestations in more unusual peri- and myocardial diseases].

PMID- 692336
TI  - [Dialysability of sulfonylurea compounds].

PMID- 692337
TI  - [Neurologic and psychiatric syndromes of Gaucher's disease].

PMID- 692338
TI  - [Iris diagnostics].

PMID- 692339
TI  - [Basic text: the acute organic psychosyndrome. Part 2].

PMID- 692340
TI  - [Therapy using psychopharmaceuticals (II)].

PMID- 692341
TI  - [Significance of air embolism as primary or secondary cause of death (II)].

PMID- 692342
TI  - [Transmission of hepatitis through dentists and its forensic implications].

PMID- 692343
TI  - [Results of 242 splenectomies].

PMID- 692344
TI  - [The development of osteoporosis. A new concept].

PMID- 692345
TI  - [Effect of isosorbide dinitrate on pulmonary artery pressure].

PMID- 692346
TI  - [Lipid reduction in simultaneous low-substance load. Experience from a community
      practice].

PMID- 692347
TI  - [The self concept of pathology].

PMID- 692348
TI  - [Chondrosarcoma of the distal femoral metaphysis].

PMID- 692349
TI  - [Modern therapy of chronic bronchitis].

PMID- 692350
TI  - [Problems in psychometrics].

PMID- 692351
TI  - [Participation on the health-insurance emergency service].

PMID- 692352
TI  - [Basic text: the acute organic psychosyndrome. Part 3].

PMID- 692353
TI  - [Practical significance of immunology. Introduction].

PMID- 692355
TI  - [Principles of the therapy for immunopathies].

PMID- 692354
TI  - [Physiology and pathophysiology of the immune system].

PMID- 692356
TI  - [Immune deficiency in childhood].

PMID- 692357
TI  - [Modern aspects of tumor immunology].

PMID- 692358
TI  - [Correlation between mitotic activity and lymphohistiocytic infiltration and its
      association with growth rate of a rat sarcoma].

PMID- 692359
TI  - [Neutralization bioassay for Friend leukemia virus].

PMID- 692360
TI  - [Oral antithrombosis treatment in pregnant subjects with valvular prosthesis].

PMID- 692361
TI  - [Effect of prenylamine on Ca uptake in the myocardium of rats treated with
      isoproterenol].

PMID- 692362
TI  - [Enhanced susceptibility of 10-day-old mice to Arenavirus infection].

PMID- 692363
TI  - [Multiple myeloma, acute pneumopathies and renal insufficiency].

PMID- 692364
TI  - [Number and distribution of physicians in Argentina. Educational aspects and
      health policy].

PMID- 692365
TI  - [The heart in progressive systemic sclerosis].

PMID- 692366
TI  - [Does the administration of BCG vaccinate or does it produce a controlled primary
      infection?].

PMID- 692367
TI  - [Perinatal cataract in the rat. Influence of temperature].

PMID- 692368
TI  - Holistic vs. attribute repetition effects in classifying stimuli.

PMID- 692369
TI  - Attention demands of visual search.

PMID- 692370
TI  - Numerical comparison processes.

PMID- 692371
TI  - An error-free, quick, and enjoyed strategy for teaching multiple discriminations
      to severely delayed students.

PMID- 692372
TI  - Mild mental retardation: does it exist in the People's Republic of China?

PMID- 692373
TI  - Assuring accountability in residential self-help skills programs.

PMID- 692374
TI  - Organizational structures of state schools: a management tool.

PMID- 692375
TI  - Systems unlimited--normalization exemplified.

PMID- 692376
TI  - Workshop supervision: evaluation of a procedure for production management with
      the severely retarded.

PMID- 692377
TI  - A comparison of intellectual achievement, and adaptive behavior levels for
      students who are mildly retarded.

PMID- 692378
TI  - Parents' and teachers' attitudes toward mildly and severely retarded children.

PMID- 692379
TI  - Inhibition of prolactin release by serotonin antagonists in hyperprolactinemic
      subjects.
AB  - Metergoline (4 mg) and methysergide (3 mg), two serotonin antagonists known to
      inhibit prolactin secretion in normal subjects, and the dopaminergic agonist,
      bromocriptine (2.5 mg) were orally administered in hyperprolactinemic patients.
      Mean serum prolactin concentration was significantly decreased between 120 and
      240 min following the ingestion of all three drugs in comparison with a placebo;
      a consistent reduction to below 50% of basal values occurred in 10 of 14 patients
      after metergoline, in 5 of 10 after methysergide, and in 11 of 14 after
      bromocriptine administration. These data indicate that serotonin antagonists may
      acutely lower serum prolactin levels in hyperprolactinemic patients similarly to
      bromocriptine, though their mechanism of action is most likely different.

PMID- 692380
TI  - Reticuloendothelial cell dysfunction in diabetes and hyperlipidemia.
AB  - Using clearances of microaggregated iodinated human serum albumin in a serial
      'stress test,' defective phagocytosis by the Kupffer cells has been demonstrated
      in diabetic patients with K.W. nephropathy and proliferative retinopathy. This
      indicates a disturbance of phagocytic cell function that has implications for the
      cellular pathology of microangiopathy. The effect is not due to uremia, but could
      be due to T3 deficiency or lipid deposition. In hypothyroidism, there is
      defective RES phagocytosis, and alcoholics with hyperlipidemia can have impaired
      clearances. Hence, patients with advanced diabetes, hypothyroidism, and some
      alcoholics are at risk from infection.

PMID- 692381
TI  - Pharmacologic profile of methyl 2-tetradecylglycidate (McN-3716)--an orally
      effective hypoglycemic agent.
AB  - A specific inhibitor of fatty acid oxidation, methyl 2-tetradecylglycidate (McN
      3716) has been found to produce a dose dependent hypoglycemic effect when
      administered orally to rats, mice, and dogs. In addition to being more potent
      than other inhibitors of fatty acid oxidation, McN-3716 was also found to be 15-
      20 times more potent than tolbutamide in lowering the blood glucose of fasting
      rats. Furthermore, evidence is presented that McN-3716 produces hypoglycemia by a
      mechanism which differs from that of other oral hypoglycemic agents, the
      biguanides and the sulfonylureas. As predicted by the Randle glucose-fatty acid
      cycle, McN-3716 lowered glucose concentrations only under conditions where fatty
      acids were being used as the major energy substrates (fasting, diabetes, and
      feeding of high fat diets) but not under conditions where energy was derived
      mainly from carbohydrate (fed state or following hypophysectomy). Administration
      of McN-3716 produced a remarkable lowering of the plasma glucose and the
      glycosuria of depancreatized dogs but did not result in complete normalization of
      glucose, especially the excursions of blood glucose following feeding. It did,
      however, produce virtually complete reversal of the ketoacidosis of alloxan
      diabetic rats and depancreatized dogs without worsening the plasma lipid profile.
      Thus, McN-3716 may have potential utility as an oral therapeutic agent for the
      treatment of ketosis-prone juvenile or maturity-onset diabetes.

PMID- 692382
TI  - Orotate phosphoribosyltransferase: orotidylate decarboxylase (erythrocyte).

PMID- 692383
TI  - Orotate phosphoribosyltransferase: orotidylate decarboxylase (Ehrlich ascites
      cell).

PMID- 692384
TI  - Amidophosphoribosyltransferase (chicken liver).

PMID- 692385
TI  - Phosphoribosylglycinamide synthetase from Aerobacter aerogenes.

PMID- 692386
TI  - Adenylosuccinate synthetase (rabbit muscle, heart, and liver).

PMID- 692388
TI  - Ribonucleoside triphosphate reductase from Lactobacillus leichmannii.

PMID- 692387
TI  - Ribonucleotide reductase of rabbit bone marrow.

PMID- 692389
TI  - An acid nucleotidase from rat liver lysosomes.

PMID- 692390
TI  - Nucleoside triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase (NTPH).

PMID- 692391
TI  - Deoxythymidine kinase in regenerating rat liver.

PMID- 692392
TI  - Nucleoside phosphotransferase from carrot.

PMID- 692393
TI  - Cytidine deaminase from leukemic mouse spleen.

PMID- 692394
TI  - Uridine phosphorylase from rat liver.

PMID- 692395
TI  - Nucleoside deoxyribosyltransferase from Lactobacillus helveticus.

PMID- 692396
TI  - AMP deaminase from rat skeletal muscle.

PMID- 692397
TI  - AMP deaminase from human erythrocytes.

PMID- 692398
TI  - Adenosine deaminase from human erythrocytes.

PMID- 692399
TI  - Guanine deaminase from rabbit liver.

PMID- 692400
TI  - Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase from Chinese hamster brain and human
      erythrocytes.

PMID- 692401
TI  - Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase and guanine phosphoribosyltransferase from
      enteric bacteria.

PMID- 692402
TI  - Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase.

PMID- 692403
TI  - Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase from rat liver.

PMID- 692404
TI  - A general method for the isolation of various enzymes from human erythrocytes.

PMID- 692405
TI  - CTP synthetase of bovine calf liver.

PMID- 692406
TI  - Formal error rate in a computerized obstetric medical record.

PMID- 692407
TI  - The writing of a case history in a neurological department with computer
      application.

PMID- 692408
TI  - Mini-computer-based appointment scheduling for ambulatory patients.

PMID- 692409
TI  - [Classification of evoked responses with lightpen-judged brightness patterns of
      EEG-FFT-spectra (author's transl)].

PMID- 692410
TI  - Multidimensional analysis of lung function data.

PMID- 692411
TI  - Short-lived technical literatures: a bibliometric analysis.

PMID- 692412
TI  - Purification and assay of nuclear protein kinases.

PMID- 692413
TI  - Phosphorylation of nonhistone chromosomal proteins by nuclear phosphokinases
      covalently linked to agarose.

PMID- 692414
TI  - Methods for the assessment of nonhistone phosphorylation (acid-stable, alkali
      labile linkages).

PMID- 692415
TI  - Chromatin-bound proteases and their inhibitors.

PMID- 692416
TI  - Translation of HeLa cell histone messenger RNAs in cell-free protein synthesizing
      systems from rabbit reticulocytes, HeLa cells, and wheat germ.

PMID- 692417
TI  - Enrichment and purification of sea urchin histone genes.

PMID- 692418
TI  - Techniques of in vitro RNA synthesis with isolated nucleoli.

PMID- 692419
TI  - Transcription of RNA in isolated nuclei.

PMID- 692420
TI  - The assay of globin gene transcription in reconstituted chromatin.

PMID- 692421
TI  - Methods for assessment of DNase activity.

PMID- 692422
TI  - Assessment of acetylation in nonhistone chromosomal proteins.

PMID- 692423
TI  - Assessment of methylation in nonhistone chromosomal proteins.

PMID- 692425
TI  - Bulk isolation of yeast mitochondria.

PMID- 692424
TI  - Preparation of protoplasts of Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

PMID- 692426
TI  - Isolation, regeneration, and fusion of protoplasts of Phycomyces.

PMID- 692427
TI  - Fusion of bacterial protoplasts.

PMID- 692428
TI  - Preparation of protoplasts of plant cells.

PMID- 692429
TI  - The cultivation of animal cells and production of viruses in serum-free system.

PMID- 692430
TI  - A rapid-mixing technique to measure transport in suspended animal cells:
      applications to nucleoside transport in Novikoff rat hepatoma cells.

PMID- 692431
TI  - Cloning of normal and transformed cells on plastic films.

PMID- 692432
TI  - A simple replica-plating and cloning procedure for mammalian cells using nylon
      cloth.

PMID- 692433
TI  - Human minisegregant cells.

PMID- 692434
TI  - The use of Tween-80-permeabilized mammalian cells in studies of nucleic acid
      metabolism.

PMID- 692435
TI  - Nucleic acid synthesis in permeabilized eukaryotic cells.

PMID- 692436
TI  - Selection of somatic cell hybrids between HGPRT--and APRT--cells.

PMID- 692437
TI  - Sequential dissociation of the exocrine pancreas into lobules, acini, and
      individual cells.

PMID- 692438
TI  - The use of complement-mediated cytolysis to analyze specific cells populations of
      eukaryote cells in cultures.

PMID- 692439
TI  - Microelectrophoresis of enzymes in animal cell colonies.

PMID- 692440
TI  - Protein-free spreading technique for the electron microscopy of DNA and
      chromatin.
AB  - A new protein-free technique of preparation of DNA molecules for electron
      microscopy is described. The technique is based on the phenomenon of formation of
      a thin liquid film of a high concentration buffer on the surface of the hypophase
      of the lower concentration buffer on depositing a droplet of the high
      concentration buffer on the hypophase. We found that under certain specific
      conditions most of all frequently used buffers form films of such a type. We have
      chosen an ammonium acetate buffer for the preparation of DNA molecules for
      electron microscopy. The diameter of the molecules prepared in compliance with
      the described technique ranges from 2.5 to 3 nm (according to shadow measurements
      made after one direction shadowing), this being in agreement with the actual
      diameter of DNA molecules. It is shown that for chromatin preparation Tris-HCl
      buffer can be used to advantage. Suitable buffers can be selected for different
      objects under investigation.

PMID- 692441
TI  - Improvements of the electrophoretic mobility test to measure lymphocyte
      sensitization.
AB  - The Electrophoretic Mobility (EM)-test was performed in 316 children to examine
      their lymphocyte sensitization to a common antigen by measuring the mobility of
      special indicator cells. The results indicate that this test can serve as an
      additional help in differential diagnosis of malignant and non-malignant
      diseases. Measurements in the cytopherometer were facilitated by introducing
      several technical modifications: 1) The original method of timing with a
      stopwatch was replaced by two electric watches electrically combined with the
      cytopherometer. Thus individual faults were reduced. The next improvement of
      timing at the cytopherometer consisted in the construction of an electronic
      controller and stopwatch in combination with a minicomputer, data print out, and
      tape recorder in order to get more reliable results. 2) Further automatic
      recording of the data is time-sparing and useful for correct evaluation of the EM
      test. That can be done now directly on-line in a calculator with a program
      developed in our laboratory. 3) By using a television monitor for the observation
      of the indicator particles an additional simplification is possible.

PMID- 692442
TI  - Increased vascular permeability in the delayed microembolism syndrome.
      Experimental and human findings.

PMID- 692443
TI  - Transvascular fluid exchange in the tracheal mucosa.

PMID- 692444
TI  - Platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction in undamaged microvessels on cerebral
      surface adjacent to brain traumatized by a penetrating needle.

PMID- 692445
TI  - Hepatic presinusoidal sphincters affected by altered arterial pressure and flow,
      venous pressure, and nerve stimulation.

PMID- 692446
TI  - On the control of capillary fluid transfer by precapillary and postcapillary
      vascular adjustments. A brief review with special emphasis on myogenic
      mechanisms.

PMID- 692447
TI  - Pulmonary microvascular filtration and reflection coefficients in two- and four
      week-old rabbits.

PMID- 692448
TI  - Human endothelial cells in primary culture. Incorporation of acetate and
      mevalonate into lipids.

PMID- 692449
TI  - A gracilis muscle preparation for quantitative microcirculatory studies in the
      rat.

PMID- 692450
TI  - The anoxic curve for oxygen transport to tissue during hypoxia.

PMID- 692451
TI  - Capillary spacing around coronary venules suggests that diffusion distance is
      controlled by local tissue pO2.

PMID- 692452
TI  - Blood to lymph transport.

PMID- 692453
TI  - Differential release of prostaglandin E-like and F-like substances by endothelial
      cells cultured from human umbilical arteries and veins.

PMID- 692454
TI  - Dissociation of acetylcholine-induced responses of arteriolar resistance vessels
      and precapillary sphincter-like arterioles.

PMID- 692455
TI  - A model to study the dynamics of glomerular ultrafiltration and glomerular
      capillary permselectivity characteristics.

PMID- 692456
TI  - An analysis of the effects of the interstitial matrix on plasma--lymph transport.

PMID- 692457
TI  - Effect of angiotensin II on blood pressure and on microvascular beds in
      mesentery, skin, and skeletal muscle of the rat.

PMID- 692458
TI  - Effect of various agents and physical damage on giant cell formation in bovine
      aortic endothelial cell cultures.

PMID- 692459
TI  - Analytic study of the influence of capillary pressure drop and permeability on
      glomerular ultrafiltration.

PMID- 692460
TI  - Capillary growth in chronically stimulated adult skeletal muscle as studied by
      intravital microscopy and histological methods in rabbits and rats.

PMID- 692461
TI  - Acquired immunity to Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Pneumonia in hamsters.
AB  - An inactivated Mycoplasma pneumoniae vaccine was prepared from a culture in a
      liquid medium supplemented with water extract of egg yolk. Vaccinated Syrian
      hamsters were exposed to virulent M. pneumoniae aerosol and were examined for the
      retention of mycoplasmas and for histopathological changes in the respiratory
      tracts. When a vaccine prepared with strain FH was administered intramuscularly
      or by inhalation in aerosol, no significant resistance was shown with respect to
      mycoplasma proliferation. An increased resistance, however, was observed when an
      aluminium phosphate-adsorbed vaccine, and when a plain vaccine (although to a
      lesser degree) prepared with hamster 24-passaged strain FH, was administered
      intramuscularly. Histopathologically, lung lesions were markedly suppressed in
      groups showing high resistance. A correlation between the serum antibody titer
      and the resistance to infection was observed. Hamsters which received a
      hyperimmune rabbit antiserum intracordally showed a high resistance to M.
      pneumoniae infection. The suppression of histopathological changes also coincided
      with high complement-fixing antibody titers of either actively or passively
      immunized hamster serum. The results suggest that humoral immunity plays an
      important role in resistance to M. pneumoniae pneumonia in hamsters.

PMID- 692462
TI  - Temperature-dependent photochromogenic strains of Mycobacterium szulgai.

PMID- 692463
TI  - Detection of phospholipase C and hemolysin in the cultures of several
      Streptoverticillium.

PMID- 692464
TI  - Studies on the lipid components of endotoxin. II. Chemical analyses and
      biological properties of neutral, polar-I and polar-II subfractions.
AB  - Lipid components obtained from Salmonella typhosa O-901 endotoxin by acid
      hydrolysis were separated into neutral, polar-I and polar-II lipid fractions by
      silica gel column chromatography. These lipids were further separated by silica
      gel column and/or thin-layer chromatography. The subfractions were analyzed by
      thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography and infrared spectrophotometry.
      Seven subfractions obtained from the neutral lipid fraction contained lauric,
      myristic, palmitic, 3-OH-myristic acid, artificial products of 3-OH-myristic
      acid, or a small amount of two unidentified fatty acids. These fatty acids and
      glucosamine were commonly detected in six subfractions obtained from the polar-I
      lipid fraction. Fatty acids, glucosamine, and O-phosphorylethanolamine were
      detected in all of the 13 subfractions obtained from the polar-II lipid fraction.
      Chick embryo lethal activity, rabbit pyrogenicity and in vitro interferon
      inducing activity were found in three polar-I lipid subfractions and five polar
      II lipid subfractions, but not in neutral lipids. The activities were highest in
      a polar-II lipid subfraction which contained smaller amounts of O
      phosphorylethanolamine and glucosamine than the other subfractions. However, no
      particular chemical constituent(s) related to the biological activities could be
      found. Prolonged acid hydrolysis of the polar-II lipids gave rise to neutral and
      polar-I lipids. Chemical and biological aspects of the lipid constituents of
      endotoxin are discussed.

PMID- 692465
TI  - Dental caries induction in experimental animals by clinical strains of
      Streptococcus mutans isolated from Japanese children.
AB  - Oral implantation and the cariogenic activity of clinical strains of
      Streptococcus mutans which had been isolated from Japanese children and labeled
      with streptomycin-resistance were examined in specific pathogen-free Sprague
      Dawley rats. All the seven strains tested were easily implanted and persisted
      during the experimental period. Extensive carious lesions were produced in rats
      inoculated with clinical strains of S. mutans belonging to serotypes c, d, e, and
      f, and maintained on caries-inducing diet no. 2000. Noninfected rats did not
      develop dental caries when fed diet no. 2000. Type d S. mutans preferentially
      induced smooth surface caries in the rats. Strains of other serotypes primarily
      developed caries of pit and fissure origin. Caries also developed in rats
      inoculated with reference S. mutans strains BHTR and FAIR (type b) that had been
      maintained in the laboratories for many years. However, the cariogenicity of the
      laboratory strains was found to have decreased markedly. All three S. sanguis
      strains could be implanted, but only one strain induced definite fissure caries.
      Two S. salivarius strains could not be implanted well in the rats and therefore
      they were not cariogenic. Four different species of lactobacilli also failed to
      induce dental caries in rats subjected to similar caries test regimen on diet no.
      200. S. mutans strain MT6R (type c) also induce caries in golden hamsters and ICR
      mice, but of variable degrees.

PMID- 692466
TI  - Effects of protamine sulfate on dengue type 1 viral activities.
AB  - Protamine treatment of type 1 dengue-infected mouse brain suspension resulted in
      precipitation of several viral specific activities. Complement-fixation activity
      was almost completely precipitated by protamine. The complement-fixation
      components recovered in the precipitate were comparable to a non-precipitated
      reference dengue 1 antigen in their homologous and heterologous reactions. Dengue
      hemagglutinin was also precipitated by the same treatment. The precipitated
      hemagglutinin was resolved into three components by buoyant density
      centrifugation, whose densities were 1.236, 1.215, and 1.178 g/ml, respectively.
      Three similar HA components were detected in non-protamine treated virus
      preparations. In both instances the highest-titered HA fraction possessed a
      buoyant density of 1.21--1.22 g/ml. These HA components were tested in the
      hemagglutination-inhibition reaction and were proved to be virus-specific. Cesium
      chloride density gradient centrifugation was shown to be useful for removing
      possible inhibitor(s) of viral specific hemagglutinin.

PMID- 692467
TI  - Mouse virulence of a strain of Klebsiella ozaenea and its variants in relation to
      colonial morphologies in soft-agar.

PMID- 692468
TI  - Computerized food service as a patient support system.
AB  - This paper compares an operations support system with an information system in
      the area of clinical food service. The advantages of a computerized dietary
      system over a manual system are discussed. A flexible, data-independent
      information system facilitates inventory and production control and extends the
      benefits of nutritional analysis to more patients. Health professionals are freed
      from routine clerical duties, and labor costs are minimized through use of the
      system.

PMID- 692470
TI  - Medical information system, health records, and knowledge banks.
AB  - A medical decision system with the capability to answer questions in an
      interactive mode to assist clinical decisions is described. The system consists
      of four modules: (a) clinical case history bank, (b) pooled clinical experience
      bank, (c) clinical knowledge band, and (d) biomedical research bank. At the
      human/machine interface, an encoder transforms input natural language into codes
      and retransforms output into natural language. If properly authorized, the
      physician can request his patient's files, ask for clinical experience in similar
      cases, ask for related textbook knowledge, or browse among related research
      findings or speculations. All four modules have been tested as prototypes.
      Multidisciplinary cooperation is needed for the implementation of a national
      medical information network and for the reorientation of clinical and academic
      medicine.

PMID- 692469
TI  - Advances in computer-based pharmacy systems.
AB  - This paper summarizes recent advances in computer-based pharmacy information
      systems for both hospitalized and ambulatory patients. It discusses the clinical
      pharmacy applications of: pharmacokinetic modeling (which allows for the
      optimization of patient-specific dosage regimens); drug interaction and adverse
      drug therapy monitoring (to decrease therapeutic problems); intravenous additive
      and hyperalimentation programs (to aid in formulating complex solutions); drug
      usage review (to develop and utilize guidelines for appropriate prescribing);
      drug information services; and drug distribution systems. Administrative and
      management control systems are briefly described. Automated label preparation and
      identification of patient noncompliance with physician-directed therapy are also
      described. The advantages of a computerized integrated hospital information
      system are also discussed.

PMID- 692471
TI  - Method for respiratory sound analysis.
AB  - A system is described for the analysis of respiratory sounds by means of a dual
      channel sound envelope detector and a real-time spectrum analyzer. A three
      dimensional spectral analyzer display for frequency, amplitude, and time has been
      utilized. Respiratory sounds have been observed with intensities up to 0.5 N/m2
      and with normal frequencies in the range of 0 to 1.5 kHz. This system can extract
      useful information from the sounds of respiration, information which is not
      available by conventional auscultation.

PMID- 692472
TI  - [Arrhythmia; diagnosis and therapy. Hemiblock and fascicular block (XII)].

PMID- 692473
TI  - [Surgical treatment of disorders of the arterial blood supply in the lower
      extremity. Evaluation of therapeutic results].

PMID- 692474
TI  - [Sport and cardiac risk factors in middle age (author's transl)].
AB  - 1477 employees (868 males and 609 females) were examined for cardiac risk
      factors. The risk factor frequency was tested in relation to the amount of
      physical activity. Men and women active in sports are less subject to over
      weight, diabetes, high blood pressure, and pathological ECG changes than are
      physically inactive; males who participate in sports also smoke less. On the
      other hand, a connection between risk factors and different levels of physical
      activity on the job could not be established. The mutual relations between risk
      factors, physical activity, weight, and social level imply that the lower number
      of risk factors in those who participate in sports is due largely to their
      consciously healthy way of living.

PMID- 692475
TI  - [Biochemical measures in cardiac patients: an analysis of change during
      rehabilitation (author's transl)].
AB  - 210 male patients hospitalized for cardiac rehabilitation have been studied. As a
      result of age matching the sample was reduced to 190 patients: 72 patients with
      myocardial infarction, 90 patients with functional cardiovascular diseases, and
      28 patients with angina pectoris. At the beginning and at the end of the 4 to 6
      week rehabilitation program total lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides,
      phosphatides, GOT, GPT, LDH, HBDH, cholinesterase, aldolase, blood sugar,
      creatinine, electrolytes, hemoglobin, erythrocytes, leukozytes, and
      catecholamines were measured. In addition to the statistical comparison of the
      three groups and their specific change patterns, effects of body weight reduction
      and improvement of physical fitness were analyzed. The decrease of lipids is
      especially associated with weight reduction, whereas the decrease of enzyme
      activity and electrolyte concentration is accompanied as well with weight
      reduction as with the improvement of physical fitness.

PMID- 692476
TI  - [Syncope on swallowing (author's transl)].
AB  - We studied a 71-year-old patient with sinusbradycardia due to ingestion of food.
      He had a history of two syncopes at lunch. Mechanical irritation of the esophagus
      close to the atrium as well as insufflation of air into the stomach caused
      bradycardia with a heart rate of 28 per minute. Bradycardia could be suppressed
      with atropin given intravenously. There were no abnormal roentgenographic and
      pathological findings regarding the esophagus and the stomach.

PMID- 692477
TI  - [Clinical experiences with holoxan within the framework of sequential combination
      therapy (author's transl)].
AB  - 153 patients with inoperable malignant tumors were treated by the so-called
      synchronization therapy with vincristine and ifosfamide. 13 complete remissions
      (8.5%) and 47 partial remissions (30.7%) were obtained. 5 times cessation of
      tumor growth occurred (3.3%). In 88 cases the therapy failed (57.5%), but in 11
      cases a subjective improvement was noted. The most favourable results of
      treatment were obtained in cases of malignant lymphoma, small cell carcinoma of
      the lung and testicular carcinomas. Although the duration of remission was short
      in most cases, it could be demonstrated, that a targeted polychemotherapy is
      possible using the proliferation kinetic data in addition to the knowledge of the
      cell-phase-specific effect of cytostatic drugs. This therapy can succeed in
      causing a tumor regression even in metastatic carcinomas.

PMID- 692478
TI  - [Ureteral obstruction from metastases of a primary intestinal malignoma (author's
      transl)].
AB  - As of two own cases the authors refer about ureteral obstructions by paraureteral
      metastases of primary cancer within the intestinum. Diagnostic procedures within
      the digestive tract are strongly recommended, if within the urogenital region the
      etiology remains unclear. As often a causal therapy is not possible any more,
      recommendations for palliative urological procedures are given.

PMID- 692479
TI  - [Arrhythmia; diagnosis and therapy. Sinoatrial block (SA-block) I].

PMID- 692480
TI  - [Asbestosis: evaluation of non-radiological indicators].

PMID- 692481
TI  - [Nosological aspects of occupational bronchopneumopathies].

PMID- 692482
TI  - [Etiology and ethics: problems of a new environmental toxicology].

PMID- 692483
TI  - [Classification of parenchymal changes in asbestosis].

PMID- 692484
TI  - [Correlation between the concentrations of inorganic mercury vapors in the air
      hydrargyriuria and symptoms of chronic mercurialism in a Cloro-Soda plant, using
      electrolytic cells with mercury cathodes].

PMID- 692485
TI  - [Accidental contamination with protactinium 231 treated with DTPA].

PMID- 692486
TI  - [Chromium content of drinking water in 110 localities in Italy. Concentration of
      chromium in the urine of subjects not occupationally exposed chromium and its
      compounds].

PMID- 692487
TI  - [Determination of hippuric acid in urine].

PMID- 692488
TI  - [Usefulness and limitations of biological monitoring in occupational medicine].

PMID- 692489
TI  - [Experience with dosimetry of the hands in a radiological and nuclear medicine
      department].

PMID- 692490
TI  - [Respiratory function in asbestos workers].

PMID- 692491
TI  - Duty of surveillance of mental patients.

PMID- 692492
TI  - Cimetidine (Tagamet): update on adverse effects.

PMID- 692493
TI  - Carmustine (BiCNU).

PMID- 692494
TI  - [Aerobics in medicine].

PMID- 692495
TI  - [Contemporary trends in the epidemiology of coronary disease].

PMID- 692496
TI  - [Use of 8-methoxypsoralen and ultraviolet A rays in the treatment of psoriasis].

PMID- 692497
TI  - [Noonan's syndrome. (Male Turner's syndrome, Turner-like syndrome)].

PMID- 692498
TI  - [Anthropometric measurements of school children from Mionica and Hrtkovci].

PMID- 692499
TI  - [Pheochromocytoma in a thoracic location (paraganglioma). Case report].

PMID- 692501
TI  - [Problems in the use of computers in medical institutions].

PMID- 692500
TI  - [Pancreatic injuries--our cases].

PMID- 692502
TI  - [Acute viral hepatitis and chronic liver disease].

PMID- 692503
TI  - [Behavior of blood gastrin levels under basal conditions at various ages in
      childhood].

PMID- 692504
TI  - [Fucosidosis. Description of a clinical case].

PMID- 692505
TI  - [Letterer-Siwe disease as the terminal stage of a multifocal eosinophilic
      granuloma. Clinical, histopathological and nosographic study].

PMID- 692506
TI  - [Presentation of a case of chronic type 1 tyrosinemia. Diet therapy and clinical
      outcome].

PMID- 692508
TI  - [Classification, according to birth weight and gestational age, of newborn
      infants of the province of Taranto].

PMID- 692507
TI  - [9 years of diazoxide therapy in a case of infantile idiopathic hypolglycemia].

PMID- 692509
TI  - Actions and events of the Missouri State Medical Association.

PMID- 692510
TI  - Minutes of the Missouri State Medical Association.

PMID- 692511
TI  - Childhood screening for immunodeficiency: case report.

PMID- 692512
TI  - Percutaneous removal of retained common bile duct stones.

PMID- 692513
TI  - Adult Burkitt's lymphoma: case report.

PMID- 692514
TI  - Progress toward prevention of cardiovascular disease: a thirty-year
      retrospective.

PMID- 692515
TI  - Safe deposit or strong box?

PMID- 692516
TI  - Preparing for retirement do your plans measure up?

PMID- 692517
TI  - Equidoctorus rex?

PMID- 692518
TI  - Bovine coccidiosis. A review, including field safety studies with decoquinate for
      prevention.
AB  - Decoquinate (Deccox: Hess  & Clark) has been demonstrated in in-house and
      university studies to be an active coccidiostat when fed daily at 0.5 mg/kg body
      weight during periods of oocyst exposure, or when experience indicates
      coccidiosis is likely to be a hazard. For prevention, feeding should be continued
      for at least 28 days. In 6 feedlot trials with 1993 cattle in 5 geographic areas,
      decoquinate fed at this level for 90-120 days had no adverse effects. In 5 of
      these trials, treated cattle had equal or slightly improved average daily gains
      and feed conversion by comparison with controls.

PMID- 692519
TI  - Foot problems in dairy cattle.

PMID- 692520
TI  - Features of sea mammals' physiology.

PMID- 692521
TI  - Amastia of rear quarters in a cow.

PMID- 692522
TI  - Bucked shin.

PMID- 692523
TI  - Motion sickness in dogs and cats.

PMID- 692524
TI  - [Hospital acquired infections in children (author's transl)].
AB  - The incidence of hospital-accquired infections in children as given in the
      literature varies between 0.3%--25%. The most frequent infections are those of
      the urinary tract, respiratory tract, skin, wounds, gastrointestinal tract, or
      septicemia, and meningitis, caused by staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, klebsiella,
      enterobacter, pseudomonas, proteus, fungi or virus. Besides the identification of
      the type of infectious agent it is most important for the prevention and therapy
      of hospital-acquired infections to wash and desinfect hands, to isolate affected
      children, especially those with low resistance, employment of trained staff,
      improvement of special nursing techniques, repeated training and motivation of
      staff personal, and the critical use of antibiotics.

PMID- 692525
TI  - [On the calculation of the volume deficit in hypertonic dehydration (author's
      transl)].
AB  - It has been suggested in the literature than volume deficit in hypertonic
      dehydration can be calculated from actual osmolarity. But for an accurate
      estimation of volume deficit a number of factors must be given. The initial
      concentration and the loss of substance during the development of dehydration
      must be known, the distribution of the substance within the compartment must be
      homogeneous, and no shift between dissolved and undissolved compartments is
      allowed. For the osmotically active substances the second and the forth condition
      are not satisfied. Therefore, the calculation of volume deficit, based on actual
      osmolarity, can induce an error from 40 ml to as much as 100 ml per kg body
      weight.

PMID- 692526
TI  - [Intestinal lymphangiectasia in exudative enteropathy (author's transl)].
AB  - Clinical symptoms and diagnostic procedures in a 12 1/2 years old girl with
      protein-losing enteropathy due to intestinal lymphangiectasia are reported. The
      child had suffered from intestinal protein loss, hypoproteinemia, hypocalcemia
      and lymphocytopenia. Dietary fat reduction and medium chain triglyceride formula
      diet made all the symptoms disappear.

PMID- 692528
TI  - [Education and examination in pediatrics following second change of the new
      "Approbationsordnung fur Arzte"].

PMID- 692527
TI  - [The EEC-syndrome. Case report and some suggestions about its pathogenesis
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The clinical data of a boy with ectrodactyly, ectodermal dysplasia, and cleft lip
      and palate (EEC-syndrome) are presented. Until now about 80 case histories with
      this syndrome have been published, 30 of them having all 3 symptoms. The
      combination of defects in rather different organs of ectodermal as well as
      mesodermal origin is difficult to understand. Changes in ectodermal tissues may
      well be the key factor in explaining the pathogenesis of this syndrome. This is
      supported by evidence gained by ontogenetical research with animals.

PMID- 692529
TI  - Transmethylations and the central nervous system: introduction.

PMID- 692530
TI  - A study of the distribution of radioactive S-adenosylmethionine in the
      experimental animal.

PMID- 692531
TI  - Concentrations of S-adenosyl-L-methionine in the CNS of rats after intramuscular
      and intravenous administration.

PMID- 692532
TI  - The subcellular distribution of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe) in the rat brain.

PMID- 692533
TI  - Effects of S-adenosyl-L-methionine on the behavior of mice.

PMID- 692534
TI  - Effects of exogenous L-dopa on the metabolism of methionine and S
      adenosylmethionine in the brain.

PMID- 692535
TI  - Human blood kinetics of S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe).

PMID- 692536
TI  - S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe) blood levels in schizophrenia and depression.

PMID- 692537
TI  - S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe) and biogenic amine methylation processes.

PMID- 692538
TI  - SAMe and histamine.

PMID- 692539
TI  - S-adenosyl-L-methionine and GABA metabolism in the brain.

PMID- 692540
TI  - Effect of acute hyperammonemia on metabolism and cerebral energy state.

PMID- 692541
TI  - Gamma-ray-induced dominant mutations that cause skeletal abnormalities in mice.
      II. Description of proved mutations.
AB  - In a mutation-rate experiment described earlier, 31 dominant skeletal mutations
      were confirmed by breeding tests. Skeletal abnormalities were detected in the
      skeletons of some of the sons of irradiated males, and for 31 of these sons the
      study of skeletons in subsequent generations showed that they transmitted
      abnormalities. The detailed descriptions of these mutations, together with
      descriptions of 6 presumed mutations found in a later paper, provide the basis
      for determining which mutations cause effects that would, if they occurred in
      humans, cause a serious handicap. Such a determination is necessary before these
      data can be used to estimate genetic hazard to humans. Furthermore, these
      descriptions of syndromes caused by individual dominant mutations should be
      useful to clinicians interested in skeletal defects. The statistical analysis of
      the frequency of each abnormality in the mutant line versus an approximation of
      the frequency of the malformation in the absence of new mutations is essential to
      be sure that a mutation is indeed the cause of each abnormality. These analyses,
      together with analyses of the correlation of abnormalities caused by individual
      mutations, clearly demonstrate that dominant mutations exhibit low penetrance for
      many of their effects. A few of the mutations also cause the death of some
      heterozygotes. No externally visible effects have been detected in heterozygotes
      for most of these mutations. Externally visible effects found in some of the
      heterozygotes for a few of the mutations include hydrocephalus, circling
      behavior, increased nervous activity, gray coat color, webbing of digits, and
      small size. Two coat-color mutations were found that caused no detected skeletal
      abnormalities. The data suggest that a few of the mutations may be reciprocal
      translocations. In most of the mutant lines tested cytologically, however, there
      was no indication of chromosomal aberrations.

PMID- 692542
TI  - Mutation to ouabain-resistance in Chinese hamster cells: induction by ethyl
      methanesulphonate and lack of induction by ionising radiation.
AB  - The spontaneous frequency of mutants resistant to growth inhibition by ouabain
      (OUAR mutants) was found to be about 5:10(-5) per viable cell in uncloned
      cultures of Chinese hamster V79-4 cells. In freshly-isolated clones or cultures
      started from a few cells this frequency was initially reduced to about 1.10(-6)
      in 1 mM ouabain. No increase in the frequency of OUAR mutants was found in
      cultures treated with gamma-rays despite exploration of such variables as
      radiation dose, ouabain concentration, post-treatment interval before selection,
      cell density in selective medium, and clonal state of the cells at the time of
      adding ouabain (in situ vs. respreading method). A similar negative result was
      found for accelerated helium ions, for which the mutagenic effectiveness per unit
      dose has been shown to be about 10 times higher than gamma-rays for the induction
      of thioguanine-resistant mutants in these cells. Some evidence was found for an
      interaction between cellular radiation damage and ouabain-resistance, which may
      lead to a reduction in the survival of OUAR mutants in irradiated populations,
      but this damage seemed insufficient to account for inability to detect radiation
      induced OUAR mutants. Reproducibly large increases in the frequency of OUAR
      mutants were found in cultures treated with various concentrations of ethyl
      methanesulphonate (EMS) by respreading cells in 1 mM ouabain for up to 8 days
      after EMS treatment. The concentration-OUAR mutant induction curve was
      approximately linear with low EMS concentrations. Recent evidence is reviewed in
      support of the suggestion, made in earlier studies, that ionising radiation is
      unable to induce OUAR mutants because of the severity of the genetic damage it
      causes.

PMID- 692543
TI  - Effects of vinyl chloride in man: a cytogenetic follow-up study.

PMID- 692544
TI  - Effect of light on aflatoxins, anthraquinones, and sclerotia in Aspergillus
      flavus and A parasiticus.

PMID- 692545
TI  - [Effect of pinocembrin on the course of experimental candida infections in mice].
AB  - Pinocembrin (5,7-dihydroxy-flavanon)--a component of the bee product propolis-
      was tested for its in vivo activity against Candida albicans in mice. It was
      shown that the intravenous infection of AB-Jena mice with 2.5 X 10(5) Candida
      albicans cells was a very suitable model. Despite of treatment with pinocembrin
      at daily doses of 100 mg/kg body weight the animals as well as the controls died
      between the 6th and 24th day after beginning. On the other hand the animals
      treated with 5 mg/kg amphotericin B survived the test-period of 30 days. The
      question of effectiveness of pinocembrin in vivo should be cleared up in further
      pharmacokinetic investigations.

PMID- 692546
TI  - [The formation of immunoglobulins A, G, M and E in dermatomycoses].
AB  - According to current concepts in the first place T-lymphocytes have an important
      part in the defense mechanism against dermatomycosis. This theory is strengthened
      by investigations in which we were not able to demonstrate an increase of the
      immunoglobulins A, G and M in 36 patients suffering from this disease. To gather
      further information we determined the values of the immunoglobulin E in 16 cases
      of dermatomycosis. Taking into account a larger variation of the normal value in
      healthy persons, we found in at least 3 cases an increased amount of IgE. As we
      observe now and then an immediate reaction of Type I (according to COOMBS and
      GELL) after intracutaneous injection of trichophytin, it appears that IgE plays a
      role in certain fungal infections of the skin.

PMID- 692547
TI  - The repetitive ventricular response in man. A predictor of sudden death.
AB  - We examined the value of cardiac pacing for assessing ventricular electrical
      instability and for predicting ventricular tachycardia and sudden death in 50
      patients with refractory symptomatic ventricular tachycardia, 12 normal patients,
      and 48 survivors of a recent myocardial infarction. The repetitive ventricular
      response (two or more ventricular premature beats produced by a single
      ventricular pacing stimulus during control of heart rate with atrial pacing) was
      absent in all 12 normal patients but was present in 44 of the 50 patients (88 per
      cent) with recurrent ventricular tachycardia (P less than 0.001). Of the 48
      survivors of myocardial infarction, 19 had repetitive ventricular responses.
      During the next 12 months 15 of these patients (79 per cent) had symptomatic
      ventricular tachycardia or sudden death, or both, as compared with four of 29
      patients (14 per cent) who did not have repetitive ventricular responses (P less
      than 0.001). The repetitive ventricular response identifies patients with life
      threatening ventricular instability, but it is still an investigational technic
      that should be used only with due precautions.

PMID- 692548
TI  - Increased absenteeism from work after detection and labeling of hypertensive
      patients.
AB  - A study of hypertension in an industrial setting allowed us to confirm and
      explore an earlier retrospective finding that the labeling of patients as
      hypertensive resulted in increased absenteeism from work. After screening and
      referral, we found that absenteeism rose (mean +/- 1 S.E.) 5.2 +/- 2.3 days per
      year (P less than 0.025); this 80 per cent increase greatly exceeded the 9 per
      cent rise in absenteeism in the general employee population during this period.
      The main factors associated with increased absenteeism were becoming aware of the
      condition (P less than 0.01) and low compliance with treatment (P less than
      0.001). Subsequent absenteeism among patients unaware of their hypertension
      before screening was not related to the degree of hypertension, whether the
      worker was started on therapy, the degree of blood-pressure control achieved or
      exposure to attempts to promote compliance. These results have major implications
      for hypertension screening programs, especially since absenteeism rose among
      those previously unaware of their condition, regardless of whether
      antihypertensive therapy was begun.

PMID- 692549
TI  - Foreign medical graduates and the issue of substantial disruption of medical
      services.
AB  - Provisions of the 1976 Health Professions Educational Assistance Act may result
      in a substantial disruption of medical services provided by foreign medical
      graduates in United States residency training programs. Estimates of the effect
      of the Act indicate that between one third and two thirds of foreign graduates
      receiving visas annually will not qualify for admission, under the new
      provisions. Results of a recent study show, furthermore, that foreign medical
      graduates constitute a majority of the residents in 23 per cent of the hospitals
      with residency programs. Transition to a decreased dependence on foreign
      graduates may be facilitated through the waiver of two provisions relating to
      exchange visitors. Projected numbers of United States medical graduates and
      citizens receiving medical education abroad will not be enough to fill the gap
      created by the ultimate reduction in alien physicians. United States residency
      programs will have to develop alternative sources of residents to continue
      operating at current levels.

PMID- 692550
TI  - Diabetes insipidus associated with Wegener's granulomatosis successfully treated
      with cyclophosphamide.

PMID- 692551
TI  - Sounding boards. The graying of grand rounds.

PMID- 692552
TI  - Professional courtesy is obsolete.

PMID- 692553
TI  - Risk of naproxen in patients with aspirin sensitivity.

PMID- 692554
TI  - Cessation of smoking followed by Prinzmetal's variant angina and diffuse
      esophageal spasm.

PMID- 692555
TI  - Dissecting aneurysms perforating the esophagus.

PMID- 692556
TI  - Endocrine effects of cranial irradiation.

PMID- 692557
TI  - "Passovoy defect".

PMID- 692558
TI  - Reversible pure red-cell aplasia in pregnancy.

PMID- 692559
TI  - Radioactive carcinoembryonic antigen for localization of cancer.

PMID- 692560
TI  - Contraceptive action of copper?

PMID- 692561
TI  - Nodulectomy for onchocerciasis?

PMID- 692562
TI  - Another cause of a positive crossed-straight-leg-raising test.

PMID- 692563
TI  - Press releases about Journal articles.

PMID- 692564
TI  - Sickle-cell anemia: molecular and cellular bases of therapeutic approaches
      (second of three parts).

PMID- 692565
TI  - Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Weekly clinicopathological
      exercises. Case 40-1978.

PMID- 692566
TI  - Vive la difference (P less than 0.05)

PMID- 692567
TI  - Sounding board. Should planning agencies allocate managers instead of beds?

PMID- 692568
TI  - "Born-again spleens" and resistance to infection.

PMID- 692569
TI  - Reactions in leukocyte donors.

PMID- 692570
TI  - Choline accumulates in erythrocytes during lithium therapy.

PMID- 692571
TI  - Abuse of anticholinergic drugs.

PMID- 692572
TI  - Bone-marrow depression with cimetidine plus carmustine.

PMID- 692573
TI  - Clinical implications of creatine kinase-BB isoenzyme.

PMID- 692574
TI  - A good treatment for Horner's syndrome.

PMID- 692575
TI  - Pulmonary-function tests in smokers.

PMID- 692576
TI  - Women hospital workers smoke.

PMID- 692577
TI  - The relation of product formulation to absorption of oral theophylline.
AB  - To assess the potential for therapeutic problems related to the bioavailability
      of oral theophylline preparations, we examined the rate and extent of absorption
      for various formulations in adult volunteers. Absorption of theophylline from a
      solution or from uncoated tablets was rapid and complete. Three of six sustained
      release formulations were more slowly, but still completely and consistently,
      absorbed. Absorption of the other three sustained-release formulations appeared
      to be more erratic and less complete. Serum concentration-time curves during
      multiple eight-hour dosing were simulated for the bioavailable preparations. With
      three sustained-release formulations it was predicted that fluctuations in serum
      theophylline concentrations between doses would decrease, as compared with
      uncoated tablets, to a clinically important extent, particularly in children, in
      whom elimination of theophylline is generally rapid.

PMID- 692578
TI  - Performance of United States citizens with foreign medical education on
      standardized medical examinations.
AB  - To enter the mainstream of American medicine, United States students who enroll
      in foreign medical schools must either transfer to a United States medical school
      (usually after passing Part I of the NMBE examination) or complete their studies
      abroad and then pass FLEX and usually ECFMG examinations. Half those applying for
      transfer fail Part I. Although virtually all who succeed in transferring
      subsequently pass Parts II and III, their scores are below the mean of the
      reference group, and their relative performance progressively deteriorates. Sixty
      per cent of USFMG's fail the medical portion of the ECFMG examination as compared
      to an expected failure rate for United States medical students of only 2 to 3 per
      cent. Thirty-eight per cent of USFMG's who take both ECFMG and FLEX examinations
      fail the latter. The mean weighted score for USFMG's on FLEX is 75.8, while that
      for United States graduates is 80.1 and for FMG's 74.7. These preliminary data
      suggest that United States students who go abroad, regardless of where they
      complete their studies, do not perform as well on standard tests after they
      return home as do those who have had their entire education in United States
      schools. This question needs more systematic study.

PMID- 692579
TI  - Sickle-cell anemia: molecular and cellular bases of therapeutic approaches (third
      of three parts).

PMID- 692580
TI  - Control of hypertension and reversal of renal failure in scleroderma.

PMID- 692581
TI  - Successful medical treatment of scleroderma renal crisis.

PMID- 692582
TI  - Law-medicine notes. "No code" orders: clarification in the aftermath of
      Saikewicz.

PMID- 692583
TI  - Muscles, membranes and maternal markers.

PMID- 692584
TI  - Americans studying medicine abroad: the distressing facts.

PMID- 692585
TI  - Adolescent pregnancy revisited.

PMID- 692586
TI  - Effects of passive smoking.

PMID- 692587
TI  - Serologic findings with hepatitis B in hemophilia.

PMID- 692588
TI  - Amniotic fluid in mothers with hyperbilirubinemia.

PMID- 692589
TI  - Chlorthalidone in hypoparathyroidism.

PMID- 692591
TI  - Thyroid cancer for forty-one years.

PMID- 692590
TI  - Glucocorticoids and intestinal cell proliferation.

PMID- 692592
TI  - CR--a new irritant agent.

PMID- 692593
TI  - Possible psychiatric reactions to monosodium glutamate.

PMID- 692594
TI  - Mandatory continuing medical education.

PMID- 692595
TI  - Genetic mapping of the 21-hydroxylase-deficiency gene within the HLA linkage
      group.
AB  - To document further the proposed genetic linkage between congenital adrenal
      hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency and HLA, 34 unrelated families from
      New York and Zurich, with a total of 48 patients, 48 siblings and their parents,
      were studied. All patients were HLA genotypically different from the healthy
      sibs; when two or more children were affected in the same sibship they were
      always HLA-B identical. The gene for 21-hydroxylase deficiency was separated by
      genetic recombination from the HLA-A locus and from the locus for glyoxalase I
      polymorphism. No HLA-A, HLA-B or HLA-C antigen was selectively increased among
      the 34 unrelated patients. Lod-score analysis for HLA-B:21-hydroxylase deficiency
      gave a peak for theta approximately 0.00 at 5.20 for females and 4.30 for males,
      giving a total peak lod score of 9.5 at theta approximately 0.00 when male and
      female lod scores were combined. Close genetic linkage between HLA-B and 21
      hydroxylase deficiency was thus established.

PMID- 692596
TI  - Increased glomerular filtration rate in patients with major burns and its effect
      on the pharmacokinetics of tobramycin.
AB  - The clearance of endogenous creatinine in 20 burned patients, measured between
      the fourth and the 35th post-burn day, was a mean (+/- S.D.) of 172.1 p 48.4 ml
      per minute per 1.73 m2; in eight normal subjects the mean value was 125.4 g- 10.4
      (P less than 0.02). Thirteen patients had values more than 2 S.D. above the
      normal mean. We confirmed this rise in glomerular filtration rate by measuring
      inulin or iothalamate clearance in nine patients. The pharmacokinetics of
      tobramycin were studied in 11 of the 20 patients and in eight normal subjects
      receiving continuous intravenous infusions of the drug. An inverse correlation
      was found between plasma half-life of the drug and creatinine clearance (r =
      0.68, P less than 0.01). Increased creatinine clearances and shortened half-life
      of tobramycin occurred mainly in younger patients. Glomerular filtration rates in
      burned patients may rise to very high values and can be validly measured by
      creatinine clearance. The plasma half-lives of drugs with predominantly urinary
      excretion may decrease in patients with burns.

PMID- 692598
TI  - Problems of spectrum and bias in evaluating the efficacy of diagnostic tests.
AB  - To determine why many diagnostic tests have proved to be valueless after
      optimistic introduction into medical practice, we reviewed a series of
      investigations and identified two major problems that can cause erroneous
      statistical results for the "sensitivity" and "specificity" indexes of diagnostic
      efficacy. Unless an appropriately broad spectrum is chosen for the diseased and
      nondiseased patients who comprise the study population, the diagnostic test may
      receive falsely high values for its "rule-in" and "rule-out" performances. Unless
      the interpretation of the test and the establishment of the true diagnosis are
      done independently, bias may falsely elevate the test's efficacy. Avoidance of
      these problems might have prevented the early optimism and subsequent
      disillusionment with the diagnostic value of two selected examples: the
      carcinoembryonic antigen and nitro-blue tetrazolium tests.

PMID- 692597
TI  - Transient hyperammonemia of the preterm infant.
AB  - We report on five preterm infants (34 to 36 weeks' gestation) in whom an
      overwhelming illness developed within the first 48 hours of life. Each had mild
      respiratory distress that progressed within 48 hours to deep coma requiring
      ventilatory assistance. Ammonia concentrations in the plasma ranged from 844 to
      7640 microgram per deciliter. Four received exchange transfusion and peritoneal
      dialysis; ammonia values returned to the normal range (less than 150 mug per
      deciliter) within 72 hours and remained there even after protein challenge. These
      four subsequently fed and developed normally. The fifth infant died without an
      attempt to lower plasma ammonia. In this infant (and two of the others) urea
      cycle enzymes measured in liver tissue were in the normal range. Transient
      hyperammonemia of unknown cause may be a relatively common variety of neonatal
      hyperammonemia; it responds well to prompt diagnosis and aggressive therapy.

PMID- 692599
TI  - Current concepts in cancer. Receptors in breast cancer.

PMID- 692600
TI  - By the London Post. Thirty years on--should doctors strike?--sundry clippings.

PMID- 692601
TI  - Should diagnostic testing be regulated?

PMID- 692602
TI  - "I can't afford a 'B'".

PMID- 692603
TI  - Current concepts in cancer.

PMID- 692604
TI  - Humanism and fact-finding in medicine.

PMID- 692605
TI  - Possible interaction of sulfinpyrazone with coumarins.

PMID- 692606
TI  - Relation of education to sudden death after myocardial infarction.

PMID- 692607
TI  - Defibrillation as a Heimlich maneuver.

PMID- 692608
TI  - Energy dose for defibrillation.

PMID- 692609
TI  - Viral antibodies and the infectivity of serum in hepatitis B.

PMID- 692610
TI  - Afflictions of the temporomandibular joint.

PMID- 692611
TI  - What is "rickets"?

PMID- 692612
TI  - Abortions in America.

PMID- 692613
TI  - Cancer centers and the community.

PMID- 692614
TI  - Research does not hinder clinical training in surgery.

PMID- 692615
TI  - Performance of graduates of foreign schools on Israeli specialty-board
      examinations.

PMID- 692616
TI  - Law-medicine notes. Research and children.

PMID- 692617
TI  - Sleeping and breathing.

PMID- 692618
TI  - Antibody-cleaving neisseria.

PMID- 692619
TI  - Americans studying medicine abroad: we need a new policy.

PMID- 692620
TI  - Hypophysectomy for relief of bone pain in breast cancer.

PMID- 692621
TI  - Avoidance of right-bundle-branch block in correction of tetralogy of Fallot.

PMID- 692622
TI  - Retinal vascular diseases.

PMID- 692623
TI  - Retinal vascular diseases.

PMID- 692624
TI  - Does pass/fail make the grade?

PMID- 692625
TI  - Natural history of familial medullary thyroid carcinoma: effect of a program for
      early diagnosis.
AB  - To detect familial medullary thyroid carcinoma in a premetastatic stage, we
      administered tests provocative of calcitonin secretion (infusion of calcium or
      pentagastrin or both) each year for seven years to members of a pedigree now
      numbering 107. Since 1970, 21 patients converted from normal to abnormal
      secretory responses (two separate tests in which calcitonin levels exceeded 0.58
      ng per milliliter). Twenty of 21 glands removed showed C-cell hyperplasia, and
      eight of the 20 also showed foci of carcinoma. As compared to the 12 patients
      with tumors detected during the first year of screening, all of whom had
      bilateral carcinoma (seven of 12 with local metastases), later carcinomas were
      smaller (mean diameter of 0.2 vs. 0.8 cm), were unilateral (in all but two cases)
      and occurred in younger patients (mean age of 14.9 vs. 36.4 years), and none had
      detectable metastases.

PMID- 692626
TI  - Isovaleric acidemia: use of glycine therapy in neonates.

PMID- 692627
TI  - Interpretation by physicians of clinical laboratory results.

PMID- 692628
TI  - [Study of the Sporothrix schenkii (yeast forms) extract. Electrophoretic and
      immunoelectrophoretic analyses: characterization of enzymatic activities].
AB  - An extract from living yeast forms of S. schenckii was prepared. The yeasts
      originated from a shake culture in B.H.I. broth (Difco) incubated for 3 days at
      35 degrees C in darkness; they were harvested, washed and disrupted with glass
      beads in a model MSK Braun mechanical cell homogenizer; a freezing-thawing was
      added to improve the extract. After electrophoretic separation in agarose gel,
      the extract's components were characterized by their enzymic activity; with this
      technique, 30 bands were revealed. These enzymic activities were also
      investigated on the antigenic fractions of the extract revealed by a rabbit
      hyperimmunserum: 16 among 22 immunoprecipitates are identified by their catalytic
      properties. Study of the earliest precipitating antibodies (appearing-order and
      enzymic caracterization) in rabbits just immunized completes this work. How to
      ameliorate the quality of the extract by culture and extraction conditions is
      also specified.

PMID- 692629
TI  - Atypical strains of Microsporum canis.
AB  - Four atypical isolates of Microsporum canis, three from humans and one from a
      cat, were obtained from North-West London. These and a further human isolate were
      compared with each other and with a typical isolate of the fungus. Immediately
      after isolation the atypical isolates were very labile, but were stabilised after
      a few subcultures from selected sectors. The stable forms differed from each
      other, but all had a tendency to brown rather than yellow pigmentation, to
      feathery submerged mycelium and to abnormal macroconidia. The macroscopic
      appearance and texture of the colonies depended on the density, orientation and
      branching pattern of the submerged mycelium. In recent years similar brown,
      feathery forms of M. canis have been reported from monkeys but not from cats. It
      is suggested that all such isolates may be culturally stable forms of a very
      unstable strains, probably feline in origin, which has yet to be described.

PMID- 692630
TI  - Red grain mycetoma of the scalp (Actinomadura pelletieri). A case report from
      India.
AB  - A case of red grain mycetoma on the scalp is described. The disease, caused by
      Actinomadura pelletieri, is extremely rare in this part of the world, and from
      India this is perhaps the first case with scalp involvement. The lesion showed
      satisfactory response to partial excision followed by chemotherapy with
      streptomycin.

PMID- 692631
TI  - [Experimental study of cellular immunity in dermatomycosis].

PMID- 692632
TI  - Epidemiologic study of dermatophyte infections in Nigeria (clinical survey and
      laboratory investigations).
AB  - The commonest dermatophyte infection among the referred dermatology cases in
      Nigeria is tinea pedis, whereas among the surveyed population of school children,
      the commonest fungal infection was tinea capitis. It was found that the most
      ubiquitous causative organism for tinea pedis was E. fluccosum, that for tinea
      capitis was M. audouinii, while that for tinea corporis was T. soudanese. The
      source of infection of tinea capitis among the school children was found to be
      most likely the local barber who serviced the schools in all the villages, and
      this might explain the high incidence rate of T. soudanese in tinea capitis.
      Tinea pedis infection is believed to be highly favoured by the wearing of shoes
      among the senior students. Animals were not a major source of transmission of
      dermatophytes in Nigeria. No new species of dermatophytes has been identified
      among the cultured organisms.

PMID- 692633
TI  - Estimation of Absidia ramosa infection in the brain and kidneys of cortisone
      treated mice by chitin assay.
AB  - Chitin assay was used to measure Absidia ramosa infection in the brain and
      kidneys of cortisone-treated mice. Mice dying 3 days after challenge had brain
      and kidney infection but normal renal function as determined by measurement of
      blood urea levels. Mice dying 5 or 6 days after challenge had infection in the
      kidneys but not the brain and were uraemic.

PMID- 692634
TI  - [Effects of insulin, glucagon and secretin on intestinal resorption of glucose].
AB  - The authors describe a versatile experimental procedure for the study of
      intestinal digestion and resorption in animals. This procedure is based on the
      principle of the continuous perfusion of a completely isolated intestinal
      segment. The results from experiments on glucose absorption from the jejunum of
      the rabbit serve to demonstrate the great reproducibility of this in vitro
      technique. No hormonal influence on monosaccharide resorption could be detected
      by means of this procedure, even in case of unphysiologic dosage of insulin,
      glucagon and secretin.

PMID- 692635
TI  - [Biological value of wheat proteins as dependent on maturity of the wheat grain].
AB  - The authors studied the dependence of the change in biological protein value of
      the wheat grains upon the degree of maturity. The biological protein value (as
      calculated according to MITCHELL) decreases during the period of ripening and, at
      the time of full ripeness, it is significantly lower than in the initial stage.
      This decrease varies from 10.7 to 19.0%, according to wheat variety. In contrast
      to this, the essential amino-acid index changes but insignificantly with
      ripening. Virtually identical biological protein values were obtained with both
      methods from full-ripe wheat grains.

PMID- 692636
TI  - [Confirmatory reactions for the identification of patulin in apple juice by thin
      layer chromatography].
AB  - To avoid misinterpretations in identifying mycotoxins by means of thin-layer
      chromatography (silica gel), it is necessary to make use of a second method of
      identification. The reaction with phenylhydrazine and with 2,4
      dinitrophenylhydrazine on the plate is suited for patulin. The thus obtained
      hydrazones are transferred to a second thin-layer chromatographic plate and
      separated using toluene/acetic acid ethyl ester/85% formic acid (50 + 40 + 10,
      v/v) or chloroform/acetone (68 + 32, v/v). This method of identification may be
      used, for example, for apple juices with a patulin content equal or greater than
      500 microgram/l.

PMID- 692638
TI  - [Digestion and transport of carbohydrates and proteins].
AB  - Studies on the adaptive changes in the membrane hydrolysis and the carbohydrate
      and protein transport that occur when chickens are fed diets differing
      quantatively from each other with regard to their contents of major nutrients,
      yielded the following results: I. By increasing the protein content of the diet
      (up to 30%), the absorption of carbohydrates and proteins is inhibited. 2. A
      positive effect of a diet with increased fat content on the digestion of
      carbohydrates and proteins was observed solely with dietary lipids rich in
      unsaturated fatty acids (sunflower oil).

PMID- 692637
TI  - [Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in various organs of rats on high fat
      diets].
AB  - This paper deals with investigations on the activity of glucose-6-phosphat
      dehydrogenase (G6-P-GH), a key enzyme of HMP Shunt in erythrocytes, kidney,
      adrenal cortex, testes and adipose tissue of rats fed a high-fat diet (50% fat),
      in comparison with 3% fat diet as control animals. In erythrocytes, kidney and
      testes no significant differences of enzyme activity were observed. The number of
      erythrocytes and haematocrit value were also no different. The haemoglobin level
      was significantly elevated. In adrenal cortex and in mesenterial adipose tissue
      significantly lowered activity of G6P-DH is observed. These data are comparised
      with former studies in liver of high-fat diet rats and with literature data from
      adipose patients.

PMID- 692639
TI  - [Food substitution and consumption development].
AB  - Though being sometimes less in evidence, the food consumption of the population
      is undergoing a continuous change in course of time. It can be considered as a
      matual substitution of foods. In most cases, the increase in consumption of
      certain foods is correlated with the decrease in consumption of other foods. The
      author points to the contents, principles and examples of food substitutions that
      had been revealed by studies using a linear optimization model.

PMID- 692640
TI  - [Influence of a high fat diet on serum uric acid levels in rats].
AB  - In present paper the behaviour of uric acid is investigated in serum from rats
      fed with a 50% fat containing diet in comparison with 3% fat diet as control
      group. After feeding high-fat diet 5 resp. 52 weeks the level of uric acid is
      significantly elevated. In the same diet group heavier animals showed higher uric
      acid levels than lighter animals. In these experiments the age of animals is
      without influence of the uric acid level in serum.

PMID- 692641
TI  - [Mode of action and inhibition of polygalacturonase covalently bound to
      polysaccharide and glass carriers].
AB  - Endo-polygalacturonase (EC 3.2.1.15.) from Aspergillus spec. is much changed as
      far as its mode of action and the interaction with vegetable inhibitors of
      pectinase (from green beans and cucumbers) are concerned when it is covalently
      bound to insoluble carriers (Sepharose, cellulose powder, macroporous glass and
      nonporous ballotinis). Whereas a 2% degradation of substrate by the soluble
      enzyme caused a 50% decrease of viscosity of citrus pectic acid, the comparable
      degradation of substrate was increased to a level of about 10% with the
      investigated polygalacturonase carrier complexes apparently independent of the
      properties of the carriers and the kind of binding of the enzyme. In contrast to
      this the higher degradation of substrate of 15 and 20% respectively which was
      further stated at a 50% decrease of viscosity is unambiguously connected with the
      carriers and is in direct correlation with the specific activity of the
      polygalacturonase carrier complexes. Contrary to the soluble enzyme the
      covalently bound enzyme produces more lower oligomerous galacturonic acids by an
      exo-mechanism or by multiple attack already at the beginning of the hydrolysis of
      pectic acid. During the final stage there is an enrichment of trigalacturonic
      acid besides mono- and digalacturonic acids independent of the state of solution
      of the enzyme. It could further be stated that the strong inhibition of the
      soluble endo-polygalacturonase by selected pectinase inhibitors which was
      described earlier is reduced by degrees with the enzyme covalently bound to the
      insoluble carriers.

PMID- 692642
TI  - [Properties of adipocytes (diameter, volume, triglyceride content, cell number)
      of certain types of fatty tissue as a function of age in male Wistar rats].
AB  - The diameter, volume, triglyceride content and number of adipocytes were
      determined in male Wistar rats at the age of 6 weeks and 2, 3, 12 and 18 months,
      respectively. A standard diet and water were given ad libitum. The adipocytes
      were isolated by means of the method of RODBELL. The weight and fat content of
      the fatty tissues were determined gravimetrically. Age exerts no effect on the
      adipocyte parameter, nor on the weight and the fat content of the fatty tissue.
      In contrast to this, there are relationships between adipocyte diameter and the
      increases in body weight. In all age groups, the increase in size and number of
      the adipocytes was significantly greater in heavy animals than in light ones.
      Genetic, hormonal and dietarily-induced factors are discussed as a possible
      cause. The authors observed no difference in adipocyte size between epididymal
      and perirenal fatty tissues. As compared to this, the mesenteric adipocytes were
      smaller.

PMID- 692643
TI  - [Effect of a high fat diet on the behavior of the diameter, volume, triglyceride
      content and number of the adipocytes in different types of fatty tissues in male
      Wistar rats].
AB  - The effect of a high-fat diet on the diameter, volume, triglyceride content and
      number of the adipocytes was studied in male Wistar rats at the age of 9 weeks
      and 6 months, respectively. The adipocytes were isolated by means of the method
      of RODBELL. The adipocyte diameters were measured using the microscopic method.
      The weight and the fat content of the fatty tissue were determined
      gravimetrically. A diet containing 50% fat increases the diameter, volume and
      triglyceride content of the adipocytes and also the weight and the fat content of
      the different types of fatty tissue. The fat content of the diet and the duration
      of feeding are of importance. The high-fat diet exerts no effect on the adipocyte
      number. However, in both age groups, the adipocyte numbers were sometimes greater
      in heavy animals than in light ones fed the same diet. Genetic, hormonal, and
      dietarily-induced factors are considered as a possible cause.

PMID- 692644
TI  - [Sensitivity of marine bacteria to several disinfectants used in the fish
      processing industry. I. Homologous and heterologous resistance of Pseudomonas and
      Moraxella ssp].
AB  - It was shown that ability of developing resistance to QAC by Moraxella ssp. is
      limited, while marine strains of Pseudomonas sp. are able to develop both
      homological and heterological resistance to Sterinol and Laurosept. Five months
      storage in medium without QAC caused partial loss of resistance of strains which
      previously gained resistance to this compound. None of the tested marine bacteria
      strains was able to get resistance against Chloramina T. Strains with developed
      resistance to Laurosept and Sterinol became more sensitive to Chloramina T. On
      the other hand, as a result of contact of the same bacteria with sublethal doses
      of Chloramina T increase of sensitivity to QAC was observed.

PMID- 692645
TI  - The role of biogenic amines in foods.
AB  - Biologically active amines are normal constituents of many foods for example
      cheese, plant foods and wines. These low molecular weight organic based do not
      represent any hazard to individuals, unless large quantities are ingested or
      natural mechanism of their catabolism are inhibited. Investigations were
      performed concerning the histamine and tyramine content of the Hungarian made
      cheese, domestic vegetables, fruits and some other foods. In this paper we should
      like to draw the attention to the problems of amines from the point of view of
      food hygiene and food-drug interactions.

PMID- 692646
TI  - [Effects of reduced diet and physical stress on liver lysosomes. Morphological
      and biochemical studies].
AB  - Groups of 15 rats each (I--non-reduced diet; II--non-reduced diet and physical
      stress; III--diet reduced by 40%; IV--reduced diet and physical stress) were
      examined after 20 and 140 days, respectively. The electron microscopic
      examination revealed that the most important changes had occurred in group III;
      there exists an excess of autophagolysosomes. The biochemical examinations show
      that the reduced diet (group III) also produces a considerable increase in
      activity of most of the lysosome enzymes in the liver. The occurrence of
      autophagy evidences that this is either physiologically induced or the
      manifestation of a beginning pathological process.

PMID- 692647
TI  - [Glyceride structure of fats. 11. Structure studies on selected nut fats using
      lipases].
AB  - Using pancreatic lipase of Geotrichum candidum, the authors determined the fatty
      acid pattern and the glyceride structure of peanut, filbert, walnut, Brazil nut
      and cashew-nut fats. Both the fatty acid pattern and the glyceride structure were
      comparable to those of other vegetable fats of corresponding total fatty acid
      composition.

PMID- 692648
TI  - [Residue determinations in milk following application of the fasciolicides
      rafoxanide and hexachloro-p-xylene].
AB  - The control of Fasciola hepatica in dairy cattle may lead to considerable residue
      problems in dairying. In the GDR, a hexachloro-p-xylene-based fasciolicide has
      been approved till recently, and another, rafoxanide-based fasciolicide has been
      on trial. The investigations have shown that the two active principles are
      excreted in the milk for a prolonged period, rafoxamide being found more
      suitable. Their marked lipophil behaviour leads to accumulation in the fat phase
      and, thus, in high-fat milk products.

PMID- 692649
TI  - [Dietary proteins and deiodination in the liver].
AB  - The authors studied in male Wistar rats the effects of diets containing 66 and 2%
      (w/w) of protein on the one hand, and 18% (w/w) of protein on the other hand, on
      the deiodination of L-thyroxine in liver homogenate supernatants. The deiodase
      activity in the liver protein increased in case of low-protein diet, and
      decreased in case of high-protein diet; these differences were statistically
      significant. When the body weights of the animals were taken into account, the
      deiodinating power of the whole liver was significantly reduced in case of low
      protein diet, but not significantly reduced in case of high-protein diet.
      Consequently, the reference value adopted for the calculation of the degree of
      deiodination is of paramount importance to validity.

PMID- 692650
TI  - Recombinant DNA risk-assessment studies to begin at Fort Detrick.

PMID- 692651
TI  - Human reproduction reconsidered.

PMID- 692652
TI  - Triple overlapping genes.

PMID- 692653
TI  - The structural gene for myosin: a close look.

PMID- 692654
TI  - Sickle-cell haemoglobin fibres.

PMID- 692655
TI  - Three-dimensional reconstruction of the fibres of sickle cell haemoglobin.
AB  - Three-dimensional reconstruction of electron micrographs of the 20-nm diameter
      fibres of HbS reveals an inner helical core of four strands surrounded by an
      outer helix of 10 strands to give a total of 14 strands. The strands are arranged
      with roughly hexagonal packing to produce an unusual helical structure which
      features a variety of intermolecular contacts and a non-circular cross section.

PMID- 692656
TI  - Gene K, a new overlapping gene in bacteriophage G4.

PMID- 692657
TI  - Evolution of overlapping genes.

PMID- 692658
TI  - Genetic structure of the East African domestic populations of Aedes aegypti.

PMID- 692659
TI  - Rescue of a lethal T/t locus genotype by chimaerism with normal embryos.

PMID- 692660
TI  - Central neuronal control of cilia in Tritonia diamedia.

PMID- 692661
TI  - Selection and altered properties of brain-colonising metastatic melanoma.

PMID- 692662
TI  - Assignment of a type I collagen structural gene to human chromosome 7.

PMID- 692663
TI  - Protein folding and heterogeneity inside globular proteins.

PMID- 692664
TI  - Methanogenic bacteria.

PMID- 692665
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy and the surface morphology of human lymphocytes.
AB  - The surface of the human lymphocyte as seen by the scanning electron microscope
      shows variations which may reflect the functional state or environment of the
      cell. Preparative techniques and future developments in this area are reviewed.

PMID- 692666
TI  - Plasmid incompatibility: cloning analysis of an incFII determinant of R6-5.
AB  - SalI and PstI restriction endonuclease-generated DNA fragments that specify an
      FII-type incompatibility function (incFII) of the low copy number antibiotic
      resistance plasmid R6-5 have been cloned in the high copy number pBR322 plasmid
      vector. A 1-kilobase DNA sequence that contains this incFII determinant has been
      identified and is shown to have coordinates of 95.5 and 96.5 kilobases on the R6
      5 plasmid physical map. Expression of incompatibility by the cloned PstI fragment
      depends on its orientation within the vector molecule. The behaviour of pBR322
      incFII hybrid plasmids suggests that plasmid replication control is not the only
      mechanism that can cause incompatibility between two plasmids.

PMID- 692667
TI  - NIH confirms violation of recombinant DNA research guidelines.

PMID- 692669
TI  - Transplantation antigens per se are poor immunogens within a species.

PMID- 692668
TI  - Mitotic coincidence of chick embryo hepatocytes in vivo and the transition
      probability model of the cell cycle.

PMID- 692670
TI  - Ionic channel formation in a living cell membrane.

PMID- 692671
TI  - Receptor basis for dopaminergic supersensitivity in Parkinson's disease.

PMID- 692672
TI  - Changes in crossbridge attachment in a myosin-regulated muscle.

PMID- 692674
TI  - Microwaves may be damaging to health says US report.

PMID- 692675
TI  - Assessment of risk of sudden death in infants.

PMID- 692673
TI  - Behaviour of myosin projections during the staircase phenomenon of heart muscle.

PMID- 692676
TI  - Stereoscopic visual processing.

PMID- 692677
TI  - Genetic differentiation during speciation.

PMID- 692678
TI  - Limit of single vision in stereopsis depends on contour sharpness.

PMID- 692679
TI  - Telephoto lens system of falconiform eyes.

PMID- 692680
TI  - Cyclophosphamide delays 3-methylcholanthrene sarcoma induction in mice.

PMID- 692681
TI  - Hepatic glucocorticoid receptors and the H-2 locus.

PMID- 692682
TI  - Possible plasticity in the rat superior colliculus.

PMID- 692683
TI  - Horizontal cells influence membrane potential of bipolar cells in the retina of
      the turtle.

PMID- 692684
TI  - Bilayers containing gangliosides develop channels when exposed to cholera toxin.

PMID- 692685
TI  - Human urinary kallikrein converts inactive to active renin and is a possible
      physiological activator of renin.

PMID- 692686
TI  - Different cap 1 : cap 2 ratios in rabbit alpha and beta globin mRNA.

PMID- 692687
TI  - Comparison of the evolution rates of cytosolic and mitochondrial aspartate
      aminotransferase.

PMID- 692688
TI  - Structure of DNA predicted from stereochemistry of nucleoside derivatives.

PMID- 692689
TI  - DNA structure and transcription.

PMID- 692690
TI  - US geneticists look to Europe for research facilities.

PMID- 692691
TI  - Unfolding troponin-C.

PMID- 692692
TI  - Adaptive value, entropy and survivorship curves.

PMID- 692693
TI  - Egocentric orientation is influenced by trained voluntary cyclorotary eye
      movements.

PMID- 692694
TI  - Possible role of excretory/secretory products in evasion of host defences by
      Fasciola hepatica.

PMID- 692695
TI  - Enzymatic methylation of phosphatidylethanolamine increases erythrocyte membrane
      fluidity.

PMID- 692696
TI  - Adenylate cyclase in a fibroblast mutant defective in glycolipid and glycoprotein
      synthesis.

PMID- 692697
TI  - The role of GABA in the substantia nigra.

PMID- 692698
TI  - Coupled motoneurones are part of the crayfish swimmeret central oscillator.

PMID- 692699
TI  - Evidence for the functional involvement of carotenoids in the photoperiodic
      reaction of spider mites.

PMID- 692700
TI  - Requirement for therapeutic inhibition of sickle haemoglobin gelation.

PMID- 692701
TI  - Does ultraviolet light enhance postreplication repair in mammalian cells?

PMID- 692702
TI  - Dynamic model of globular protein conformations based on NMR studies in solution.

PMID- 692703
TI  - Two contiguous conformations in a nucleic acid duplex.

PMID- 692704
TI  - Comparison of theory to experiment for DNA thermal denaturation.

PMID- 692705
TI  - Radio back-up in rural health service.

PMID- 692706
TI  - US scientists in new row over cancer at work.

PMID- 692707
TI  - Graft-versus-host disease impairs cerebellar growth.

PMID- 692708
TI  - Dissociation between learning and remembering in organic amnesia.

PMID- 692709
TI  - Mechanism for the formation of synaptic projections in the arthropod visual
      system.

PMID- 692710
TI  - Phase-locking in goldfish saccular nerve fibres accounts for frequency
      discrimination capacities.

PMID- 692711
TI  - Sinus node extracellular potassium transients following vagal stimulation.

PMID- 692712
TI  - Immunochemical demonstration of reversible reduction in choline acetyltransferase
      concentration in rat hypoglossal nucleus after hypoglossal nerve transection.

PMID- 692713
TI  - Membrane specialisations between demyelinated axons and astroglia in chronic EAE
      lesions and multiple sclerosis plaques.

PMID- 692714
TI  - New structural concepts for narcotic antagonists defined in a 4-phenylpiperidine
      series.

PMID- 692715
TI  - Relationship of protein thermostability to accessible surface area.

PMID- 692716
TI  - No paradox in the control of energy intake.

PMID- 692717
TI  - Circadian variation in immune response to oxazolone.

PMID- 692718
TI  - Insect molecular biology on Crete.

PMID- 692719
TI  - RNA processing.

PMID- 692720
TI  - Therapeutic agents for sickle cell disease.

PMID- 692721
TI  - Nucleosomes are assembled by an acidic protein which binds histones and transfers
      them to DNA.
AB  - The nucleosome subunits of chromatin are assembled from histones and DNA by an
      acidic protein which binds histones. The nucleosome assembly protein has been
      identified and purified from eggs of Xenopus laevis.

PMID- 692722
TI  - Texture discrimination and Fourier analysis in human vision.

PMID- 692723
TI  - Elaborate CNS cooling structures in large dinosaurs.

PMID- 692724
TI  - Unusual response of DDT-resistant houseflies to carbinol analogues of DDT.

PMID- 692725
TI  - Effect of guanine nucleotides on striatal dopamine receptors.

PMID- 692726
TI  - Aphidicolin prevents mitotic cell division by interfering with the activity of
      DNA polymerase-alpha.

PMID- 692727
TI  - DNA: let the public choose.

PMID- 692728
TI  - US producers fear ban on 2,4,5-trichlorophenol.

PMID- 692729
TI  - Drosophila genetics at Szeged.

PMID- 692730
TI  - A two-step fibrinogen--fibrin transition in blood coagulation.
AB  - The kinetics of the thrombin-catalysed release of fibrino-peptides A and B from
      human fibrinogen have been investigated and a mechanism correlating the release
      of fibrinopeptides to fibrin formation is presented. The sequential release of
      fibrinopeptides results in sequential activation of two sets of polymerisation
      sites.

PMID- 692731
TI  - Nucleotide sequence homology at 12 intron--exon junctions in the chick ovalbumin
      gene.
AB  - A short partial sequence homology is present at all intron-exon junctions, or
      splice points, in the chick ovalbumin gene; it is probably a signal for a
      splicing enzyme. The significance of the junction sequences for splicing is
      discussed. We find no evidence of strong Watson-Crick base pairing between
      adjacent junctions.

PMID- 692732
TI  - Why do we not perceive photons?

PMID- 692733
TI  - Spike frequency adaptation in amphibian sensory fibres is probably due to slow K
      channels.

PMID- 692734
TI  - Labelling of benzodiazepine receptors in vivo.

PMID- 692735
TI  - 3'-terminal labelling of RNA with T4 RNA ligase.

PMID- 692736
TI  - Nanosecond transient Raman spectra of photolysed carboxyhaemoglobin.

PMID- 692737
TI  - [Cancer, what do we know, what can de do?].
AB  - Some epidemiologic data on the frequency of cancer and etiologic factors that
      especially concern the formation of malignant tumors are reported. The role of
      prevention and prophylaxis is discussed as well as prophylactic precautions.
      Regarding therapy, not only the progress of local high-frequency hyperthermia
      combined with bacterial oncolysis is explained, but also that of cytostatic
      chemotherapy. Last but not least, attention is directed to the importance of
      basic oncologic research.

PMID- 692739
TI  - [Structural basis of sweet taste].

PMID- 692738
TI  - [Function of arginine in enzymes].
AB  - The average arginine content of proteins is 3.9%. Its frequency among the 20
      amino acids of the proteins (13th position) is far lower than would be
      anticipated from the fact that 6 of the 61 codons for amino acids in the genetic
      code are arginine codons. Possible explanations for the relatively low frequency
      of arginine in proteins are discussed. The chemical and physicochemical
      properties of arginine, which are determined by the guanido group, and the method
      for chemical modification of arginine residues in proteins are described. The
      most important function of arginine residues in enzymes seems to be the
      recognition, binding, and orientation of anionic substrates and cofactors. This
      function is illustrated by numerous examples.

PMID- 692740
TI  - Rabbit beta-globin mRNA sequences bounding a noncoding insert are self
      complementary.

PMID- 692741
TI  - Environmentally sensitive ultradian motor rhythms in mice.

PMID- 692742
TI  - New knowledge in adjuvant immunotherapy of cancer treatment in gynecology.

PMID- 692743
TI  - The roe deer intermediate host of different Coccidia.

PMID- 692744
TI  - A single radial hemolysis technique for the measurement of influenza virus
      antibody in  swine serum.
AB  - A single radial hemolysis technique was applied to the measurement of swine
      influenza virus antibody in swine serum. It was recognized to be useful for the
      detection of this antibody, although heating at 56 degrees C for 30 minutes was
      necessary to remove non--specific hemolysis from the test sample. The single
      radial hemolysis titer was correlative with the hemagglutination--inhibition
      titer in serum from pigs infected experimentally or naturally. This technique is
      simple, rapid and unaffected with non--specific inhibitors in swine serum. It
      does not require concentrated purified virus either. Therefore, it is applicable
      to the sero--epizootiologic surveillance of swine influenza on a large scale.

PMID- 692745
TI  - Development of tolerance to the analgesic effect of clonidine in rats. Cross
      tolerance to morphine.
AB  - The influence of chronic treatment with clonidine on analgesia produced by
      clonidine and morphine was studied in rats. Electrical stimuli were applied to
      the tail, and analgesia was measured as increase in the threshold voltage that
      elicited vocalisation. Twenty-two hours after the last of 14 injections of
      increasing doses of clonidine over 7 days, the acute analgesic effects of both
      clonidine and morphine were reduced, i.e. tolerance had developed. Pretest
      vocalisation thresholds (voltage) were unchanged by long-term treatment with
      clonidine, or, respectively, saline. Contrarywise, acute administration of
      clonidine enhanced the effect of morphine. The tolerance developed after long
      term treatment with clonidine might be associated with changes in brain
      noradrenaline mechanisms.

PMID- 692746
TI  - The effect of thyroid hormone on serotonergic neurones: depletion of serotonin in
      discrete brain areas of developing hypothyroid rats.
AB  - A single intraperitoneal injection of 131I in a dose of 200muCi in 1-day-old rats
      induced hypothyroidism and decreased the activity of tryptophan hydroxylase in
      mid-brain region. The levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine also were reduced in
      cerebellum, mid-brain and striatum by 22%, 29% and 31%, respectively. By
      contrast, the levels of its metabolite, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, were
      significantly increased in cerebellum, mid-brain and striatal region. To
      ascertain whether changes induced by neonatal radiothyroidectomy were specific,
      the effect of replacement thyroid hormone therapy was studied on 5
      hydroxytryptamine metabolism. Daily administration of L-triiodothyronine (10
      microgram/100g s.c.) for 25 days beginning from five days after radio-iodine
      treatment enhanced tryptophan hydroxylase activity, tryptophan and 5
      hydroxytryptamine levels to values seen in normal rats of the corresponding age
      group. The concentration of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid decreased following L
      triiodothyronine treatment. Furthermore, when replacement therapy with L
      triiodothyronine was postponed until adulthood, no significant effects could be
      seen on various parameters related to 5-hydroxytryptamine metabolism. Our data
      demonstrate that deficiency of thyroid hormone in early life disrupts the normal
      upsurge of 5-hydroxytryptamine metabolism in brain. A critical period exists in
      early life of rats during which thyroid hormone must be present for the optimal
      development of 5-hydroxytryptamine metabolizing systems in maturing brain.

PMID- 692747
TI  - [Causes of burns in young children].

PMID- 692749
TI  - [Biliodigestive fistulas and intestinal obstruction in cholelithiasis].

PMID- 692748
TI  - [Acquired immunodeficiency in a patient with constrictive pericarditis and
      exsudative enteropathy].

PMID- 692750
TI  - [A patient with severe deglutition complaints following cytostatic treatment].

PMID- 692751
TI  - [Voluntary, active euthanasia].

PMID- 692752
TI  - [The increasing use of alcohol and the rising incidence of various diseases in
      which alcohol is a (co) causal factor].

PMID- 692753
TI  - [Fever, acute abdomen and painful joints in migrants from the Mediterranean sea
      area].

PMID- 692754
TI  - [Colchicine therapy in familial Mediterranean fever].

PMID- 692755
TI  - [Foreign bodies in the knee joint].

PMID- 692756
TI  - [Arboviruses].

PMID- 692757
TI  - [The plantar reflex].

PMID- 692758
TI  - [Vocal cord spasm].

PMID- 692759
TI  - [Treatment of pertrochanteric femoral fracture using Ender's multiple-pin
      method].

PMID- 692760
TI  - [Rabies in the Netherlands and outside of it].

PMID- 692761
TI  - [Traumatic fistula between the carotid artery and the cavernous sinus].

PMID- 692762
TI  - [Hemophilia: the blood bank's concern?].

PMID- 692763
TI  - [Optimum use of human blood].

PMID- 692764
TI  - [Optimum use of human blood].

PMID- 692765
TI  - [Renovascular hypertension, still a problem].

PMID- 692766
TI  - [Acute tropical sprue in young travellers through India].

PMID- 692767
TI  - [Eruption of a tooth in the nose].

PMID- 692768
TI  - [Reflux nephropathy? New insight in an old problem].

PMID- 692769
TI  - [Plasma cell granuloma, a (postinflammatory) pseudotumor of the lung].

PMID- 692770
TI  - [Results of acupuncture treatment].

PMID- 692771
TI  - [Genetic counseling and prevention of hereditary disorders].

PMID- 692772
TI  - [The "Russian" influenza virus; origin and prevention for the season 1978-1979].

PMID- 692773
TI  - [A patietn with postpartum pneumopericardium].

PMID- 692774
TI  - [The top 20 of the adolescent].

PMID- 692775
TI  - [Limitation of the ultimate height in girls using estrogenic hormones].

PMID- 692776
TI  - [Menstruation disorders].

PMID- 692777
TI  - [Adolescents and heart defects].

PMID- 692778
TI  - [Development in a leisure timer environment].

PMID- 692779
TI  - [Micro and macro-environment. Adolescent and family].

PMID- 692780
TI  - [Adolescents in industry, a disappearing group].

PMID- 692781
TI  - [Leisure activities and unemployment in adolescents].

PMID- 692782
TI  - [Physical sequelae of drug use].

PMID- 692783
TI  - [Assistance to addicted youth].

PMID- 692784
TI  - [Adolescents with malignant disorders].

PMID- 692785
TI  - [Deaf adolescents].

PMID- 692786
TI  - [Neuromuscular diseases in adolescence].

PMID- 692787
TI  - [Metabolism. Prospects for diabetic adolescents].

PMID- 692788
TI  - [The adolescent and diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 692789
TI  - [Obesity].

PMID- 692790
TI  - [Anorexia nervosa: disturbed endocrine regulation].

PMID- 692791
TI  - [Psychosocial problems. Relations and sexuality of youth].

PMID- 692793
TI  - [Incurable disorders. Malignant disorders in adolescence].

PMID- 692792
TI  - [Adolescent criminality, police and physician].

PMID- 692794
TI  - [Experience with early induced abortion, the socalled "menstrual extraction"
      method].

PMID- 692795
TI  - [Mental disorders in Moroccan immigrants].

PMID- 692796
TI  - [Early case finding of phenylketonuria in the Netherlands during the period of 1
      September 1974-31 December 1976. Report of the Rural Advisory Committee on
      Phenylketonuria].

PMID- 692797
TI  - [Bronchobiliary fistula].

PMID- 692798
TI  - [Case finding of newborn infants with phenylketonuria in the Netherlands].

PMID- 692799
TI  - [Forms of milk provision in developing countries].

PMID- 692800
TI  - [Medical, specifically microbiological aspects of the milk product provision of
      health infants in developing countries].

PMID- 692801
TI  - Biochemistry of drugs. XXIV. Substances with antineoplastic effect. LXII.
      Pharmacokinetics of gamma,gamma-bis-4-ethylphenyl-alpha,beta-dibromoisocrotonic
      acid-3H (Edikron-3H) in experimental animals.
AB  - After oral administration of Edikron-3H to mice with mammary gland adenocarcinoma
      HK, within 24 h after ingestion almost 50% of administered radioactivity was
      excreted (16% in urine, 33% in faeces), and within 4 day it was almost 80% (27%
      in urine, 50% in faeces). Like in mice, also in dogs the faecal excretion
      preponderated. In mice, the levels in most tissues and blood culminated at hour 6
      after administration of the substance. Relatively high levels were found in the
      liver, the levels in other tissues and blood being substantially lower in
      comparison. The levels in the tumor were initially low, later on they rose, and
      culminated at hour 24. Besides, it was found that the transfer of radioactivity
      by milk into the sucklings' bodies was relatively low, and radioactivity
      penetration into fetuses was negligible. In urine, unchanged parent substance was
      present in very slight amounts only.

PMID- 692802
TI  - Biochemistry of drugs. XXV. Substances with antineoplastic effect. LXIII.
      Pharmacokinetics of delta-/2-amino-6-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-4-oxo-5-
      pyrimidinyl/valeric acid-14C (Damvar-14C) in experimental animals.
AB  - In experiments on H mice and Wistar rats it was found that radioactivity was
      excreted after subcutaneous injection of Damvar-14C preponderantly in urine, and
      after oral administration, in faeces. After subcutaneous injection the urinary
      excretion set on very fast. After subcutaneous injection of Damvar-14C to H mice
      with Crocker's ascitic sarcoma S 180, peak radioactivity values were found in the
      majority of organs, blood, and ascitic fluid at hour 1 after injection; in the
      kidneys the peak value appeared as late as at hour 6. The renal levels were
      conspicuously higher than the other ones. Relatively high radioactivity levels
      were found in the ascitic fluid, skin, and blood. After oral administration the
      radioactivity levels in all organs, blood, and ascitic fluid culminated at hour 3
      after ingestion. The highest levels after oral administration were likewise found
      in the kidneys and ascitic fluid. With the exception of the kidneys, blood, and
      skin, the peak values of specific radioactivity in organs were equally high or
      even higher after oral than after subcutaneous administration of the labeled
      substance. Furthermore, it was found that after administration of Damvar-14C to
      rat mothers the transfer of radioactivity into the milk and then into the
      sucklings was very slight, and so was the penetration of radioactivity into
      fetuses.

PMID- 692803
TI  - Some cytostatic and pharmacological properties of 2,3-dihydro-1,3-6H-oxazine-2,6
      dione ("3-oxauracil").
AB  - Cytostatic effects and some pharmacological properties of a new metabolic
      inhibitor "3-oxauracil" were studied. The cancerostatic effect was examined on 7
      experimental tumors in mice and on two types of tumors in rats. After the i. p.
      application of 20 mg/kg, there was both a statistically significant decrease of
      tumor weight and increase of animals' survival time in NK lymphoma of mice.
      Significant changes in one of both parameters followed occured in all
      experimental tumors after the i. p. application but only in the Krebs ascitic
      carcinoma after the oral application of "3-oxauracil". The acute toxicity of the
      substance in water was 322 mg/kg i. p. and 850 mg/kg p. o. The ethanol solutions
      were more toxic. The distribution of the 3H- and 14C-labeled substance was
      followed up in blood, urine, liver, brain and kidney. After the p. o.
      application, the radioactivity peak was reached after 2 hr in blood and high
      radioactivity levels were found in kidney followed by brain and liver. 96 hr
      after the drug was applicated perorally, only 60% of radioactivity was found in
      urine.

PMID- 692804
TI  - The significance of some modifying factors during transplacental blastomogenesis
      by ethylnitrosourea in rabbits.
AB  - The development of the transplacental blastomogenesis induced by ethylnitrosourea
      (ENU) was studied in rabbits under the influence of modifying factors
      (organospecific immunity, chronic irradiation of the peripheral nerve, injection
      of methylnitrosourea -- MNU). Statistical analysis of the results showed that the
      postnatal immunization by the antigen prepared from homologous tissue of the
      peripheral nerve or its chronic irritation always stimulates the frequency of the
      tumors development. The injection of MNU inhibits the tumorigenesis in the tested
      animals. According to the data different modifying factors distinctly act upon
      the transplacental blastomogenesis in rabbits.

PMID- 692805
TI  - Further studies on liver glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II. Activity in mice bearing
      sarcoma 180 and L1210 leukemia.
AB  - Determinations were made of glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II acitivity in the liver
      of mice (BDF1 and DBA2 strains) bearing sarcoma 180 and L1210 leukemia in ascites
      form. A progressive decrease in the both glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II
      activities to about 40--60% of that of the control groups was observed within the
      developing period 8--9 days. Test results are interpreted in the light of the
      postulated role of this enzyme system in cell division and in the tumor
      development process.

PMID- 692806
TI  - Activity of N-acetyltransferase in patients with malignant lymphomas.
AB  - Activity levels of N-acetyltransferase and acetylation types in patients with
      malignant lymphomas, following sulfadimidine loading, were established. The ratio
      of "fast" and "slow" acetylators among patients with malignant lymphomas is shown
      to be similar to that in control group. The rate of acetylation in "slow"
      acetylating patients, however, was higher than in healthy controls. A
      relationship of N-acetyltransferase activity, tumor progression and, to a
      considerable extent, effectiveness of therapy was shown.

PMID- 692807
TI  - Anti-LH and FSH activity of melatonin-free pineal extract.
AB  - The influence of melatonin (MEL)-free pineal extract on luteinizing hormone (LH)
      and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) was studied comparatively with that of
      MEL. Administration of pineal extract to rats, 3 days running, was found to
      induce a statistically significant decrease of serum LH and FSH. This effect was
      also demonstrated by the biological tests used, namely, a decrease in weight of
      both rat ventral prostate (anti-LH activity) and mouse uterus (anti-FSH
      activity). MEL administered for 3 days, in doses of 1 microgram/day in the
      ventral prostate weight test or of 10 microgram in the uterine weight test,
      failed to induce comparable effects. The identity of the pineal substances
      responsible for the anti-gonadotropic activity of the pineal gland is discussed.

PMID- 692808
TI  - Impairments in lactation in the rat following destruction of the median raphe
      nucleus.
AB  - Lesions of the median raphe (MR) nucleus were placed in cycling female rats and
      their ability to lactate was evaluated following subsequent pregnancies. Pups
      from MR-lesioned (MRL) animals grew more slowly and had greatly impaired survival
      rates compared to pups from sham-lesioned animals. Chronic treatment of MRL
      mothers with oxytocin (Oxy; 1 IU, s.c., once or twice/day) did not increase the
      growth rates of their litters. Acute responses to exogenous Oxy (1 IU, i.p.) in
      MRL mothers, measured by the weight gain of litters during 1/2-h suckling
      intervals before and after injection, were marginally significant. Milk yield
      during the total hour suckling period (stomach contents of pups) was clearly less
      in the MRL animals (p less than 0.01). Treatment with either prolactin (Prl; 250
      microgram, twice/day), Prl + GTC (4 mg/kg gorwth hormore, 30 microgram/kg
      thyroxine, 0.5 mg/rat cortisol, once/day), or 5-HTP (75 mg 5
      hydroxytryptophan/kg, twice/day) did not improve the growth rates of litters from
      MRL animals. However, when milk yield (stomach contents after 1 h) following a 14
      h non-suckling interval was measured, lactogenic hormones (Prl or Prl + GTC)
      restored milk yield in MRL animals to control levels. This response was clearly
      not dependent upon exogenous Oxy. These results suggest that deficits in the
      release of lactogenic hormones are involved in the impairments in lactation
      following lesions of the MR nucleus.

PMID- 692809
TI  - Acute elevations of serum luteinizing hormone induced by kainic acid, N-methyl
      aspartic acid or homocysteic acid.

PMID- 692810
TI  - Nerve terminal facilitatory action of 4-aminopyridine: an analysis of the rising
      phase of the endplate potential.

PMID- 692811
TI  - Effects of cyclobenzaprine on interneurones of the spinal cord.

PMID- 692812
TI  - Brain aldehyde dehydrogenase: adaptive increase following prolonged ethanol
      administration in rats.

PMID- 692813
TI  - Physostigmine, a highly potent antidote for acute experimental diazepam
      intoxication.

PMID- 692814
TI  - A comparison of the inhibitory effects of aromatic substituted benzhydryl ethers
      on the uptake of catecholamines and serotonin into synaptosomal preparations of
      the rat brain.

PMID- 692815
TI  - Gastrointestinal motility and body weight gain in rats after brain serotonin
      depletion by 5, 7-dihydroxytryptamine.

PMID- 692816
TI  - Effect on the nociceptive threshold and EEG activity in the rat of morphine
      injected into the medial thalamus and the periaqueductal gray.

PMID- 692817
TI  - The effects of intravenous fentanyl, morphine and naloxone on nociceptive
      responses of neurones in the rat caudal medulla.

PMID- 692818
TI  - Failure of (+)-naloxone to antagonise responses to opioid peptides.

PMID- 692819
TI  - Study of naloxone in normal awake man: effects on spinal reflexes.

PMID- 692820
TI  - Interaction of morphine and naloxone in acute spinal cats.

PMID- 692821
TI  - Effects of central GABA receptor agonism and antagonism on evoked diencephalic
      cardiovascular responses.

PMID- 692822
TI  - The acetylcholine receptor in the rat hippocampus; nicotinic, muscarinic or both?

PMID- 692823
TI  - Seizure susceptibility and anticonvulsant activity of carbamazepine,
      diphenylhydantoin and phenobarbital in rats with selective depletions of brain
      monoamines.

PMID- 692824
TI  - Effects of intraventricularly administered monoamines on seizure susceptibility
      and body temperature in rats.

PMID- 692825
TI  - Behavioral effects of chronic narcotic antagonist administration of infant rats.

PMID- 692826
TI  - Anticonvulsant effects of benzhydryl piperazines on pentylenetetrazol-induced
      seizures in mice.

PMID- 692827
TI  - Effects of (+)-amphetamine on the treadmill endurance performance of rats.

PMID- 692828
TI  - Studies on the regulation of sensitivity to the narcotic cue.

PMID- 692829
TI  - The effect of 3-mercaptopropionate, an inhibitor of glutamate decarboxylase, on
      the levels of GABA and other amino acids, and on presynaptic inhibition in the
      rat cuneate nucleus.

PMID- 692830
TI  - Cyclobenzaprine: effect on segmental monosynaptic and tonic vibration reflexes in
      the cat.

PMID- 692831
TI  - Noradrenaline sensitive adenylate cyclase in rat cerebral cortex: effects of
      antidepressant drugs.

PMID- 692832
TI  - Analgesia induced by microinjection of morphine into, and electrical stimulation
      of, the nucleus reticularis paragigantocellularis of rat medulla oblongata.

PMID- 692833
TI  - Neurophysiological study of 47, XYY and 47, XXY psychopaths: contingent negative
      variation, evoked potentials and motor nerve conduction.
AB  - Neurophysiological investigations-including sensory-evoked responses, contingent
      negative variation (CNV), and nerve conduction velocities-were done in 11 male
      polygonosomic patients and in comparison with a control group. Some significant
      data are reported pointing out differences which may be related to a hypovigil
      type (47, XYY) and a hypervigil type (47, XXY). The importance of the CNV and
      conduction velocity as an index of a constitutional minimal brain dysfunction is
      discussed.

PMID- 692834
TI  - The role of plasma volume, plasma renin and the sympathetic nervous system in the
      posture-induced decline in renal lithium clearance in man.
AB  - Excretion of lithium in urine was studied in 2 healthy males while recumbent and
      while upright, either walking or standing quietly. An oral dose of 24.3 mmol of
      Lit was taken as three lithium carbonate tablets 13 h before clearance tests.
      Renal lithium clearance decreased and lithium fractional reabsorption increased
      while upright. Standing immersed to the neck in water, which prevents the fall in
      plasma volume upon changing posture from recumbent to upright, prevented the fall
      in renal lithium clearance as well as the rise in lithium fractional reabsorption
      while upright. Oral doses of guanethidine (total dose of 200 mg) or oxprenolol
      (total dose of 140 mg) taken to prevent high levels of sympathetic nervous system
      activity and plasma renin, respectively, failed to prevent the fall in renal
      lithium clearance or the rise in lithium fractional reabsorption upon changing
      posture from recumbent to upright. The findings indicate that the fall in renal
      lithium clearance and the rise in lithium fractional reabsorption upon changing
      posture from recumbent to upright is related to the fall in plasma volume but not
      to high levels of sympathetic nervous system activity or plasma renin activity.

PMID- 692835
TI  - Baseline characteristics of pure depressive disease.
AB  - A chart review study of 86 females with pure depressive disorder (i.e., a
      diagnosis of depression plus a parental history of depression) is reported.
      Findings regarding family history of depressive illness are described.
      Clinically, the group is noted to be most homogeneous, various attempts at
      subdivision failing.

PMID- 692836
TI  - HLA typing and affective disorders: a study in the Italian population.
AB  - HLA phenotype distribution was investigated in 91 affective patients. Significant
      increases over those of the control population were found in HLA-A 29 and in Bw
      22 frequencies, while A 10 and A 30 were decreased. No significant difference was
      shown between the two clinical subgroups (41 unipolar patients and 50 bipolar
      ones). On comparing our data with those from other authors, Bw 16 was
      significantly increased. However, a high degree of heterogeneity was also shown
      for this antigen. Of some interest is the finding that relapsed and non-relapsed
      patients during long-term lithium therapy display diverging HLA phenotype
      distributions, with B 5 increased among the non-relapsed subjects.

PMID- 692837
TI  - The Capgras phenomenon: cerebral dysfunction with psychosis.
AB  - A psychotic woman with Capgras symptoms is presented in whom evidence of cerebral
      dysfunction is documented both by neurophysiological and neurophysiological
      findings. The possible etiological aspects of these symptoms are discussed. The
      main conclusion arrived at is that Capgras symptoms cannot be explained either on
      the basis of cerebral dysfunction alone or on the basis of a psychosis alone. The
      simultaneous presence of cerebral dysfunction and psychosis is necessary for the
      development of symptoms.

PMID- 692838
TI  - Fluphenazine decanoate and fluphenazine enanthate in the out-patient management
      of chronic schizophrenia.
AB  - 39 chronic schizophrenic out-patients were given either fluphenazine decanoate or
      enanthate for a 1-year double-blind trial. Doses of 25 mg were given for the
      first 6 months and 37.5 mg for the last 6 months. For both agents the intervals
      between treatments lengthened significantly over the course of the trial.
      Fluphenazine decanoate showed a non-significant trend for a longer duration of
      action coupled with a significantly lower incidence of extrapyramidal side
      effects.

PMID- 692840
TI  - Auditory micropattern discrimination in brain damaged subjects.

PMID- 692839
TI  - Biogenic amines in 47, XYY syndrome.
AB  - 47, XYYs represent a high percentage of patients admitted in security settings
      for aggressiveness. By using a polygraphic technique and amine metabolite
      estimation in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), an attempt was made to evaluate the
      functional activity of the central aminergic system of these patients. No drastic
      change was observed in sleep patterns of XYYs. The estimation of CSF amine
      metabolites revealed a normal value for homovanillic acid, but a significant
      decrease of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid turnover.

PMID- 692841
TI  - Further analysis of the prior learning effect in amnesic patients.

PMID- 692842
TI  - Memory deficits after electroconvulsive therapy: cerebral asymmetry and dual
      encoding.

PMID- 692843
TI  - The effect of stimulus deviation on P3 waves to easily recognized stimuli.

PMID- 692844
TI  - Neural models for short-term memory: a quantitative study of average evoked
      potential waveform.

PMID- 692845
TI  - Hemispheric differences in the discrimination of the velocity and duration of a
      simple visual stimulus.

PMID- 692846
TI  - Words on the right sound louder than words on the left in free field listening.

PMID- 692847
TI  - Can expectancy explain reaction time ear asymmetries?

PMID- 692848
TI  - Mental association in the minor hemisphere of a commissurotomy patient.

PMID- 692849
TI  - [Lateralized suppression of verbal material presented to the left ear caused by
      partial destruction of the corpus callosum].

PMID- 692850
TI  - Tachistoscopic recognition of line orientation.

PMID- 692851
TI  - Handedness and birth risk.

PMID- 692852
TI  - Hemispheric differences in tactuo-spatial processing.

PMID- 692853
TI  - Conjugate lateral eye movement (CLEM) direction and its relationship to
      performance on verbal and visuospatial tasks.

PMID- 692854
TI  - Reading of ideograms and phonograms in Japanese patients after partial
      commissurotomy.

PMID- 692855
TI  - Effects of thalamic lesions on complex perception and memory.

PMID- 692856
TI  - Cognitive changes after amygdalotomy.

PMID- 692857
TI  - Stereopsis and the perception of anomalous contours.

PMID- 692859
TI  - Lateral asymmetry in intensity of emotional expression.

PMID- 692858
TI  - Effects of task difficulty on EEG measures of cerebral engagement.

PMID- 692860
TI  - The influence of differential auditory feedback upon the reading of dyslexic
      children.

PMID- 692861
TI  - Colour imperception in patients with focal excisions of the cerebral hemispheres.

PMID- 692862
TI  - Immediate visual-spatial memory in hemisphere-damaged patients: impairment of
      verbal coding and of perceptual processing.

PMID- 692863
TI  - The relationship of handedness to a "lateralized" task.

PMID- 692864
TI  - Visual imagery capacity of alcoholic Korsakoff patients.

PMID- 692865
TI  - Possible role of abnormal auditory feedback in conduction aphasia.

PMID- 692866
TI  - Angiography of the spinal cord after vertebral trauma.
AB  - Angiography of the spinal cord after trauma to the spine is reported in 14 new
      cases with neurological signs. Three types of angiographic signs are
      demonstrated: (1) arterial interruption of the anterior spinal artery, the
      ascending branch of the radiculomedullary arteries or the extravertebral
      arteries; (2) displacement of the anterior spinal artery without interruption;
      (3) hyperemia. The mechanism and significance of these signs are discussed.

PMID- 692867
TI  - Normal and non-pathological variations in the angiographic aspects of the
      arteries of the middle ear.
AB  - After the demonstration of the basic arterial supply of the middle ear, the
      different types of aberrant arterial flux using tympanic anastomotic channels are
      presented.

PMID- 692868
TI  - Plexiform neurofibroma (Rankenneurofibrom) of the cauda equina.
AB  - The clinical and neuroradiological findings in a rare case of plexiform
      neurofibroma with bone scintigraphy, myelography and selective spinal angiography
      are described. The difficulties with the preoperative differential diagnosis from
      other intraspinal space occupying lesions are discussed and the importance of
      intraoperative biopsy and electrical stimulation is stressed.

PMID- 692869
TI  - Angiographic changes in a case of herpes simplex encephalitis.
AB  - A case of herpes encephalitis predominating in the right temporal lobe with
      unusual angiographic changes is reported. Carotid angiography revealed a right
      temporal mass with vascular blush and early venous filling through irregular
      veins. Early venous filling and vascular blush have been known for a long time
      with cerebral inflammatory disease, but venous drainage through irregular veins
      is unusual.

PMID- 692870
TI  - Direct and synaptic responses of the cat's medullary respiratory neurons evoked
      by microstimulation.

PMID- 692871
TI  - Maturational changes in early auditory evoked potentials and myelination of the
      inferior colliculus in rats.

PMID- 692872
TI  - The character of the stored molecules in chromaffin granules of the adrenal
      medulla: a nuclear magnetic resonance study.

PMID- 692873
TI  - A radiometric microassay for ornithine decarboxylase.

PMID- 692874
TI  - [Use of the vectorcardiogram in prediction of hemodynamic data in congenital
      heart diseases. Ostium secundum interatrial defects].

PMID- 692875
TI  - [Advantages and limitations of radioisotope angiocardiography in acquired heart
      diseases].

PMID- 692876
TI  - [Dynamic electrocardiography in drivers of electric trains and tractor trailors].

PMID- 692877
TI  - [Determination of serum and urinary myoglobin in myocardial infarct in the acute
      phase].

PMID- 692878
TI  - [Aortic arch prosthesis for dissecting aneurysm. Considerations on a successfully
      operated case].

PMID- 692879
TI  - [Extraperitoneal approach in thromboendarterectomy for treatment of iliac artery
      obliterations].

PMID- 692880
TI  - [Nifedipine: a new alternative therapeutic agent in the treatment of coronary
      insufficiency states].

PMID- 692881
TI  - [A case of idiopathic chronic mediastinitis with predominantly vascular
      involvement].

PMID- 692882
TI  - [Cardiomyopathy in muscular dystrophy].

PMID- 692883
TI  - [Myocardial infarct in viral bronchopneumonia in a 20-year-old man.
      Etiopathogenetic considerations].

PMID- 692884
TI  - [Description of a case of hyperpotassemia. Review of the literature on human and
      experimental hyperpotassemia].

PMID- 692885
TI  - [Major complications of median sternotomy].
AB  - After examining the modalities of sternal perfusion and the techniques of median
      sternotomy, with special regard to closure techniques, personal experience of
      1000 sternotomies is reviewed. Complications may be major or minor, incidence was
      1,8% and total mortality two cases. After reviewing the various causes of sternal
      dehiscence, reported and personal experience of the various techniques for
      preventing and treating the complication is discussed.

PMID- 692886
TI  - [Role of surgical deobstruction in massive pulmonary emboli. Review of 12
      operated cases].
AB  - A brief survey is made of a personal series of 12 embolectomies performed under
      varying clinical conditions for the management of massive pulmonary embolism.
      Four satisfactory results were achieved. This operation is carried out under CEC
      and is a sound procedure. Stress is laid on its fundamental importance in the
      treatment of cases of this kind. Its early choice should be made in the light of
      the clinical picture.

PMID- 692887
TI  - [Buerger's disease. Diagnostic considerations on the basis of angiographic
      images].

PMID- 692888
TI  - [The lower esophageal sphincter in gastrectomized patients. Manometric study].
AB  - New manometric techniques in for examining the lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS)
      were applied an investigation of the oesophago-gastric junction after partial
      gastric resection. Pressure and blood gastrin data are reported for eight cases
      examined before and after surgery, under basal conditions and after stimulation
      with a protein meal. It was found that gastric resection leads to a decrease in
      LOS performance (43.6% fall in maximum pressure) and length (-33.3%). There is
      also a 93.5% decrease in the pressure response to a protein meal, and hence a
      predisposition to gastroesophageal reflux.

PMID- 692889
TI  - [Association of gastric cancer and hepatitis. A theory to be verified].
AB  - The protective implications of transfusion hepatitis with respect to cancer are
      examined. It was observed that three patients suffering from advanced stomach
      cancer (IIIrd and IVth stage TNM), submitted to palliative surgery, contracted a
      probably transfusional hepatitis in the postoperative period and thereafter
      showed remission of the basic disease. Mechanisms of aspecific immunitary
      activation and/or a direct cytotoxic action on the part of the virus are
      postulated.

PMID- 692890
TI  - [Interpretative gaps in the echographical images of thyroid diseases].

PMID- 692891
TI  - [Celioclysis in the treatment of purulent peritonitis].
AB  - The advantages and contraindications associated with peritoneal drainage are
      discussed. Reference is made to the advantages of drainage combined with
      continuous coelioclysis in accordance with a personal method, using doxicycline
      diluted in saline passed into the peritoneal cavity via a small catheter. A
      personal series of 79 cases treated in this way to back up surgical management is
      presented. There was only one death due to septic shock.

PMID- 692892
TI  - [Peripheral arterial embolism. Considerations on 101 cases (121 emboli)].
AB  - The treatment of 101 patients with peripheral arterial embolism between 1970 and
      1976 is discussed. Embolectomy was performed 98 times in 78 cases, antigoagulant
      and fibrinolytic management was employed in 19 cases, and primary amputation was
      necessary in the remaining four subjects. The limb was saved in 70% of those
      operated, while secondary amputation proved necessary in 14%. Overall mortality
      (after embolectomy and amputation) was 22%. Lastly, the therapeutic protocol used
      is discussed, together with the various factors that still prejudice the results
      of embolectomy.

PMID- 692893
TI  - [Surgical treatment of acute cholecystitis].

PMID- 692894
TI  - [Achalasia caused by infiltrating carcinoma of the esophagus. Clinical case and
      physiopathological considerations].
AB  - A case of symptomatic esophageal achalasia due to a slowly growing neoplastic
      infiltration of the esophageal wall by a mammary indifferentiated carcinoma
      operated ten years before is presented. At admission, the clinical history and
      the endoscopic appearance of the esophageal lumen and mucosa led to the diagnosis
      of idiopathic achalasia, while the esophageal manometry showed a rather long high
      pressure zone (6--8 cm), which did not relax with deglutition. Barium study
      confirmed the length of the achalasic tract. Only thoracotomy permitted a correct
      diagnosis. On the basis of this case achalasia is thus considered as a syndrome
      which can be either idiopathic or secondary to Trypanosoma cruzi, high troncular
      vagotomy, benign or malignant tumor infiltrating the esophageal wall. The
      difficult diagnosis of some cases from the clinical point of view is underlined.
      Stress is laid on the necessity that all findings (history, radiology, endoscopy,
      manometry) be carefully evaluated to reach a preoperative diagnosis.

PMID- 692895
TI  - [Struma ovarii].
AB  - A case of struma ovarii in which the correct diagnosis was only suspected at the
      time of surgery is reported. A 131I scintiscan offers the only preoperative means
      of ensuring diagnosis. Indeed the condition itself is rare and its clinical signs
      resemble those of a small ovarian cyst, so that preoperative diagnosis may well
      be mistaken. Hyperthyroidism accompanied by a normally functioning cervical
      thyroid offers the sole reason for suspecting an adnexal mass or a struma ovarii.

PMID- 692896
TI  - [The pseudoneoplastic syndrome of colonic diverticulosis].

PMID- 692897
TI  - [A case of duodenal leiomyoma].

PMID- 692898
TI  - [Surgical treatment of carcinoma of the pancreas].
AB  - Personal experience acquired in the use of radical and palliative techniques in
      the treatment of 18 cases of carcinoma of the pancreas and 1 of carcinoma of the
      ampulla hepatopancreatica is reported. The results show that duodenocephalo
      pancreasectomy is a sound procedure, particularly in the absence of lymph node
      invasion. Operative mortality is low if the surgeon is experienced. In the even
      of serious and prolonged cholostasis, the operation can be preceded by a biliary
      shunt. According to the Authors there are not yet valid reasons as to the
      survival to prefer total pancreasectomy instead the partial pancreasectomy
      because of the high mortality of the former. Early diagnosis and the recognition
      of precancerous conditions still represent determining factors as far as
      operability and hence survival are concerned. The efficacy of chemotherapy is
      uncertain at present.

PMID- 692899
TI  - [Evolution of the residual intrahepatic cavity after removal of echinococcal
      cysts].

PMID- 692900
TI  - [Cancer of the gastric stump after duodeno-gastric resection].
AB  - Carcinoma of the gastric stump in patients who have undergone resection for
      duodenal and gastric ulcer represents a rare event which poses considerable
      diagnostic and therapeutic problems. 7 personal cases are examined, particular
      attention being paid to the utility of endoscopy, together with sampling for
      cytological and histological examinations, by comparison with radiology.
      Endoscopy in the present cases have confirmed the high positivity obtainable with
      transendoscopic cytological sampling using the brushing technique. The technique
      should therefore become routine in the study of patients undergoing gastric
      resection.

PMID- 692901
TI  - [Jejunal gastroplasty].

PMID- 692902
TI  - [Clinical aspects and therapy of hiatal hernias in childhood].

PMID- 692903
TI  - [Cytological studies in diagnosis of cancer of the esophagus].
AB  - The importance of exfoliative cytology in the diagnosis of cancer of the
      oesophagus is stressed. The examination uses a straightforward, economical
      technique and, in association with traditional investigations, offers diagnostic
      positivity of close to 100%. The interest in exfoliative oesophageal cytology
      does not derive solely from its confirmation of clinically certain oesophageal
      cancer, but from the fact that it offers early diagnosis outside of dysphagic
      symptomatology. Its field of use is thus extended and it proves to be a
      complementary but indubitably useful technique for diseases of the oesophago
      gastric tract, particularly in those presenting high cancerization risk. Its use
      is therefore recommended for the screening of oesophageal cancer.

PMID- 692904
TI  - [Spontaneous rupture of the esophagus. Worldwide case review and presentation of
      a clinical case].

PMID- 692905
TI  - [Non-secreting malignant tumors of the adrenal cortex. Description of a case].
AB  - Non-secreting carcinoma of the suprarenal cortex is a rare from of neoplasia. A
      personal case, characterized by its large dimension (24 cm longitudinal diameter)
      is reported. Stress is laid on the need for early diagnosis although this is
      possible only in a limited number of patients owing to the disease's course. Only
      patients owing to the disease's course. Only early diagnosis, however, can enable
      the tumour to be removed before metastasis sets in. The malignity of these types
      is also pointed out, few patients surviving for longer than 5 years.

PMID- 692906
TI  - [Venous angiodysplasia of the external jugular system in children. So-called
      venoma of the neck].

PMID- 692907
TI  - [Instrumental symptomatology of the extremities].

PMID- 692908
TI  - [Experimental model of vascular microanastomosis applicable in neurosurgery].
AB  - A model for vascular microanastomosis is presented. Attention is drawn to
      problems involved in the technique for such operations and it is shown that
      results can be greatly improved by using a microscope. Six-month angiographic
      follow-up results in a personal series are illustrated and some clinical
      indications for this form of surgery are explained.

PMID- 692909
TI  - [Oxygenating intra-alveolar lavage (OAL) with the use of some new fluorinated
      compounds].
AB  - Certain fluorinated carbonate compounds can carry O2 and CO2 in a physiological
      manner. This faculty was exploited in the elaboration of an experimental intra
      alveolar oxygenating washing protocol employing such compounds as intrapulmonary
      oxygenating liquids conveyed by transtracheal flooding of the alveoli in 20
      rabbits. AP, PaP, CVP and EP were monitored in accordance with a 35' protocol,
      during which the positive oxygenation and negative emptying phases of the washing
      process were repeated at an average 2 cycles/min. A respiratory exchange capable
      of keeping all the animals alive until the recommencement of spontaneous
      ventilation was noted, along with only slight changes in lung structure. Once an
      in-depth study is made of certain fundamental phenomena related to structure and
      lung function, it is felt that this washing method can be used clinically for the
      treatment of hypoxaemic situations in which normal alveocapillary exchange is
      impeded by extraneous material, as in desquamative interstitial pneumonia,
      pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, etc.

PMID- 692910
TI  - [Degranulation of the mast cells of syngeneic rats induced with sera of rats
      treated with grafts of methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma].
AB  - The serum of rats immunized by MCA sarcoma graft may cause marked degranulation
      of the mast cells of syngeneic rats sensitized by a homogenate of cancer cells.
      The serum of immune rats has also caused more limited degranulation in syngeneic
      rats that have not been previously sensitized. This phenomenon would appear to be
      explained by a possible cross reaction of antibodies present in the immune sera
      with the normal histocompatibility antigens expressed on mast cell membranes.

PMID- 692911
TI  - [Total gastrectomies. Special reference to esophago-jejuno-duodenoplasty, using
      the Longmire technic].

PMID- 692912
TI  - [A new technic of gastric resection in the treatment of gastroduodenal ulcer. I].
AB  - After reviewing the modifications that have been made to the gastroduodenal
      resection technique according to Billroth II, a comparatively original solution
      is put forward. This involves subtotal resection of the stomach with simultaneous
      removal of the large omentum, followed by gastro-jejunal anstomosis "oralis
      inferior minima" and suspension of the afferent ansa at the oesophago-cardial
      angle. Original diagrams illustrate the practical impossibility of reflow into
      the afferent ansa, demonstrated in practice by short- and long-term postoperative
      radiography. The other advantages of the technique lie in the absolute lack of
      postcibal and nutritional syndromes, in the increase in body weight and in a
      number of sero-haematic parameters and, finally, in the complete recovery of the
      patients.

PMID- 692913
TI  - [Absence of postprandial syndromes with the use of a special surgical technic in
      gastroduodenal ulcer. II].

PMID- 692914
TI  - [Late complications of latero-lateral choledocho-duodenostomy. Physiopathology,
      diagnosis and therapy. Apropos of 6 cases].
AB  - Laterolateral choledochoduodenostomy is commonly used in the treatment of
      lithiasis and both benign and malignant stenosis of the main bile duct, and is
      regarded on all sides as safe and free from late complications. The latter,
      however, were noted in 6 personal cases and consisted of pain (5/6 cases), fever
      (4/6 cases), and dyspepsia (3/6 cases, icterus (1/6 cases). Surgery revealed
      recurrent or residual lithiasis (4 cases) and stenosis (4 cases). It is felt that
      the reflux of duodenal material into the main bile duct after creation of the
      anastomosis led to ascending cholangitis, stagnation and hence stenosis of the
      opening. Closure of the opening and extensive papilloplasty is not followed by
      immediate postoperative sequelae.

PMID- 692915
TI  - [False acute abdomen].

PMID- 692916
TI  - [Instrumental symptomatology of pancreatic diseases. Our experience].

PMID- 692917
TI  - [Diagnosis of traumatic hernia of the right hemidiaphragm. Considerations on a
      case].
AB  - Rupture of the right hemidiaphragm is an unusual event and often misunderstood.
      Failure to diagnose this lesion in the acute stage, in addition to contributing
      to its high mortality, means that it frequently becomes apparent only months or
      even years after the event. Even at this late stage, diagnosis is not always
      easy, especially when the history is not correctly weighed and proper
      investigation is thus lacking. Pneumoperitoneum and liver scintiscanning are
      recommended in this respect. A recently observed case is presented as a more or
      less typical example of this rare disease.

PMID- 692918
TI  - [Diagnostic and therapeutic role of so-called laparosplenectomy in Hodgkin's
      disease].
AB  - Results obtained with laparosplenectomy in the diagnosis and treatment of
      Hodgkin's disease are reported. The soundness of this method is asserted with
      regard to establishment of the anatomopathological stage, the improved tolerance
      of subsequent antiblastic management and the virtual absence of post-operative
      complications. The long-term progression of the disease, however, cannot be
      examined, since reliable data are not available. It will the tasks of the
      haematologists to follow these patients and record the clinical events observed.

PMID- 692919
TI  - [Temporary defunctionalizing colostomy, a non-indispensable corollary in the
      Dixon anterior resection of the rectum for treatment of recto-sigmoid carcinoma].
AB  - The frequency and sites of carcinoma of the sigmoid colon and rectum are
      discussed. The complications associated with Dixon's anterior resection of the
      rectum are described, with particular reference to factors affecting
      cicatrisation of the colic anastomoses, followed by dehiscences and their degree
      of seriousness. A personal serier for the years 1969 to 1975 is presented and the
      advantages and disadvantages of derivative colostomy are explained. Comparison
      with similar series in which colostomy was or was not employed is used to elicit
      the reasons why it may be regarded as superfluous.

PMID- 692920
TI  - [The role of bilateral substitutive mastoplasty in the surgical treatment of
      breast dysplasias].

PMID- 692921
TI  - [An alerting sign for venous diseases of the lower extremities].

PMID- 692923
TI  - [Pseudocyst of the pancreas fistulized into the right pleural cavity].
AB  - The development of a pancreatic pseudocyst which fistulized into the right
      pleural cavity through a lesion in the diaphragm is described. The case is the
      2nd in Italian literature and the 5th in the world. The relationships between
      pancreatic and thoracic pathology are examined, particularly the various ways in
      which pancreatic enzymes are spread and transferred to the abdomen and thorax.
      Such a fistulization phenomenon is the ultimate expression of an erosive process
      of the pancreatic juice and is considered quite exceptional with respect to the
      more frequent cases of pleural exudation with high amylase content which are
      often encountered in concomitance with verified pancreatic pathology.

PMID- 692922
TI  - [Intraoperative peritoneal lavage in generalized acute peritonitis. Experience
      with 61 cases].
AB  - After wide preface about peritoneal anatomy, pathological, physiology and
      physiopatology and about the physiopatology of general acute peritonitis, a case
      records of 61 patients is produced. All the patients were shocked and urgently
      operated for general acute septic peritonitis and were abundantly washed with a
      polisaline solution during the operation. That washing technique is described and
      the authors remark its abundancy (at least 10-12 litres) and its systematicity.
      They also remark that the washing is the true and main moment of the reanimation
      and it is the most important salvage action in the general acute peritonitis. The
      antibiotical therapy, especially the topical one, and the drainage are only
      complementary elements in the treatment. Among 61 patients, with an average of 54
      years, there were eight deaths (13%) in old patients, with an average of 71 years
      and they were all caused by cardiac and circulatory disease. No patient died for
      peritonitis or for toxic-infections causes. The postoperative morbility (eight
      patients-13%) was mainly caused by the infection of the laparotomy and it only
      prolonged some days the stay in hospital.

PMID- 692924
TI  - [Lipoma of the stomach. Apropos of a case].

PMID- 692925
TI  - [Cryosurgery. Current status. Problems and future prospects].
AB  - As matters new stand, cryosurgery has certain definite indications in various
      fields, either alone or in association with other forms of treatment. It is
      probably the therapy of choice for 1st-stage haemorrhoids and a series of skin
      lesions. It is of palliative value in the treatment of tumours and/or an addition
      to conventional management. The same is true of neoplasm in various sites and
      stages. As far as the immunological response is concerned, the data available are
      inconclusive. Further investigation is therefore justified, both experimentally
      and in man, bearing in mind all the parameters that can be used to assess a
      possible immune response.

PMID- 692926
TI  - [Photochemotherapy, a new therapeutic method in psoriasis].

PMID- 692927
TI  - [Superficial mycoses. Etiology, clinical aspects and treatment].

PMID- 692929
TI  - [Coxarthrosis].

PMID- 692928
TI  - [Therapy of malignant melanoma].

PMID- 692930
TI  - [Pathological anatomy of coxarthrosis for the practitioner].

PMID- 692931
TI  - [Coxarthrosis and its treatment].

PMID- 692932
TI  - [Functional rehabilitation of coxarthrosis].

PMID- 692933
TI  - [Medical treatment of coxarthrosis].

PMID- 692934
TI  - [Osteotomy. Indications and results].

PMID- 692935
TI  - [Surgical treatment of coxarthrosis in 1977].

PMID- 692936
TI  - [Economic and social repercussions of coxarthrosis].

PMID- 692937
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of coxarthrosis].

PMID- 692938
TI  - [Metropathia hemorrhagica].

PMID- 692939
TI  - [Familial Mediterranean fever. Evidence of its autoimmune pathogenesis].
AB  - Immunological disturbances in FMF have not been previously reported. In present
      case, positivity for RA and Waaler-Rose test as well as increase of plasma IgG
      and IgM immunoglobulins during an episode of acute peritonitis is described.
      These findings, in association with very high levels of urinary FDP, suggest an
      autoimmune pathogenesis of the disease.

PMID- 692940
TI  - [Regulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Role of the
      prostaglandins].
AB  - PRA (in the supine and erect subject) and urinary sodium before and after acute
      treatment (100 mg i.m.) and chronic treatment (100 mg per os for 8 days) were
      examined in two groups of subjects with no signs of cardiovascular or renal
      disease. It was found that indomethacin, which is a well-known inhibitor of
      prostaglandin synthesis, reduced PRA levels in basal conditions and as a result
      of postural stimulation, without causing any appreciable change in urinary
      sodium. Regulation of the PRA on the part of the renal prostaglandins is
      postulated and its probable mechanisms discussed.

PMID- 692941
TI  - [Effects of exogenous glucagon on circulating gastrin in gastric cancer
      patients].

PMID- 692943
TI  - Urinary and serum flavin levels after a single dose of riboflavin or riboflavin
      tetrabutyrate in man.

PMID- 692942
TI  - [Reflex synkinesia or contralateral reflex in a patient with diabetic angiopathy.
      Clinical case].

PMID- 692944
TI  - Calcium and vitamin D intake of lead-burdened children.

PMID- 692945
TI  - Zinc deficiency, taste acuity and growth failure.

PMID- 692946
TI  - Experimental nutrition. Synthesis of ribosomal and messenger RNA in fed and
      fasted rats.

PMID- 692947
TI  - Food surveillance in the UK.

PMID- 692948
TI  - More effects of caffeine.

PMID- 692949
TI  - Acrodermatitis enteropathica, zinc and human milk.

PMID- 692950
TI  - Vegetarian diet and vitamin B12 deficiency.

PMID- 692951
TI  - Evaluation of the caries-producing ability of human foods.

PMID- 692952
TI  - Does coenzyme binding determine enzyme stability?

PMID- 692954
TI  - Evidence for a specific association between phosphatidylinositol and plasma
      membrane enzymes.

PMID- 692953
TI  - Methionine and the "methyl folate trap".

PMID- 692955
TI  - Effects of insulin on glucagon action in rat liver.

PMID- 692956
TI  - Certification.

PMID- 692957
TI  - Assessing rural community practice potential.

PMID- 692958
TI  - A conceptual basis for primary nursing.

PMID- 692959
TI  - Emergency patient transport in rural areas.

PMID- 692960
TI  - An interactive systems approach to problem solving.

PMID- 692961
TI  - Protocol: diagnosis and management of dizziness/vertigo.

PMID- 692962
TI  - Urinary tract infections.

PMID- 692963
TI  - Update on agents for chronic hypertension.

PMID- 692964
TI  - Adolescent suicide.

PMID- 692965
TI  - OSHA wants workers to have access to medical records.

PMID- 692966
TI  - AOMA criticizes OSHA carcinogen proposal.

PMID- 692967
TI  - OSHA issues final rules on cotton dust.

PMID- 692969
TI  - Occupational stress.

PMID- 692968
TI  - Rotating shift work causes many problems.

PMID- 692970
TI  - Does job stress alone cause health problems?

PMID- 692971
TI  - OHNs are in the best position to help workers fight alcoholism.

PMID- 692972
TI  - Study shows that gender is not a major factor in accident etiology.

PMID- 692973
TI  - OSHA has ignored these hazardous conditions!

PMID- 692974
TI  - Newspaper production is plagued by excessive noise and aerosols.

PMID- 692975
TI  - [Isolation and ways of acting of morphogenetic factors during early
      embryogenesis].
AB  - The attempts at isolation and characterization of the factors mediating the
      embryonic induction are summarized. A method is described in detail which allowed
      to isolate the purified form from the mixtures of chick embryonic tissues a
      vegetalizing protein factor which induces the mesoderm and endoderm in the
      ectoderm of amphibian gastrulae. Besides, its inhibitor was isolated which is
      also a protein; the inhibitors supposedly block the action of the most inducing
      factors but one or some of them. The isolation of the inducing factor in the pure
      form allowed to reinvestigate with the greatest precision the problem whether the
      induction is mediated by the contact of cell surfaces or the penetration of
      substances in the reacting cells and to show that the inducing factor penetrates
      in the cells upon the induction in the gastrula ectoderm. The effect of cyclic
      monophosphates and changes in potassium and sodium intracellular concentration as
      factors participating in the induction was also tested and it was shown that
      neither of these factors, contrary to the expectations, led to he induction
      phenomena. The importance of the vegetalizing factor concentration for the
      segregation of the primary ectodermal zone into ectodermal and mesodermal and,
      secondarily, nerve cellis discussed.

PMID- 692976
TI  - [Inductive role of the edges of the bony defect in the process of regeneration of
      the bones of the cranial vault in adult rabbits].
AB  - In the process of regeneration of the skull vault bones in adult rabbits which
      proceeds spontaneously after trepanation, the destroyed and changing bone of the
      defect margins is an inductor of osteogenesis. Coming into the contact with the
      reacting material in the region of defect and in dura mater, it directs its
      differention along the path of osteogenesis. In the experiments where the
      inductor and reacting material were separated by the millipore (0.45 mcm) filter
      the pores of which did not prevent the penetration of macromolecules and cell
      processes, the bone regeneration in the region of defect slowed down, as compared
      with the control. The bone formation de novo was observed in these experiments at
      first in the places of contact of the millipore filter covering the destroyed
      bone margins with the reacting material, i. e. in the regions of dura mater
      adjacent to the filter and in the newly formed connective tissue covering the
      external surface of the filter. The separation of the defect margins from the
      reacting material by wax inhibited the bone regeneration. The region of defect
      was filled by connective tissue scar.

PMID- 692977
TI  - [Radioautographic study of the developmental period of the cells of the
      supraoptic nucleus during mouse embryogenesis].
AB  - To study the time of cell origin in the supraoptic nucleus, double labelling with
      3H- and 14C-thymidine was applied to the matrix cells of embryonic ependyma with
      intervals of 12, 24 and 48 hrs from the 9th day of gestation. The localization of
      the labelled cells was studied in the brain of the offspring using
      autoradiography. The labelling allowed to determine the time of the last division
      of the matrix cells, prior to their differentiation into neurosecretory cells.
      The neurosecretory cells forming the supraoptic nucleus were shown to arise
      mainly on the 11--13th day of embryogenesis. The cells originated on the 11th day
      were located only in the dorso-caudal parts of the nucleus. The most
      neurosecretory cells arise in the second half of the 12th day and are distributed
      all over the nucleus with the dorso-ventral (caudo-rostral) gradient. From the
      13th day on the migration of the neurosecretory cells in the supraoptic nucleus
      sharply reduces but still persits until the 17th day. The glioblasts begin to
      migrate in the supraoptic nucleus from the 14th day on.

PMID- 692978
TI  - [Effect of 0.2--0.3M sodium chloride solutions on the properties of the chromatin
      of lymphocytes in different stages os maturation].
AB  - The response of lymph node lymphocytes stimulated to proliferation at different
      stages of maturation by cell seeding at the high cell density was studied. The
      binding of acridine orange (A3) and 3H-actinomycin D (3H-AMD) to the cell nuclei
      was used as a criterion of the functional state of lymphocyte chromatin. The
      "crowding" stimulation of the lymph node lumphocytes resulted in the increase of
      AO and 3H-AMD binding by the cells of different sizes, i.e. at different stages
      of maturation. The degree of binding differs in cells of different size and the
      increase is expressed to a greater extent in small lymphocytes. The cell
      treatment with 0.2--0.3M sodium chloride solutions eliminates the differences in
      AO and 3H-AMD binding between the activated an non-activated lymphocytes of all
      sizes what appears to be due to the removal of some weakly bound non-histone
      proteins from the activated cells. The differences in AO and 3H-AMD binding
      between the cells of different sizes are retained after this treatment. Hence,
      the proteins removed from the chromatin under the effect of such a treatment are
      not responsible for the chromatin changes accompanying the cell maturation.

PMID- 692979
TI  - [Duration of the cell cycles and mitotic phases during the cleavage period of the
      salmon Salmo salar L].
AB  - The temporal, parameters of the cell cycle in the Atlantic salmon embryos were
      studied at the temperature 4.8 +/- 0.1 degrees from 10.5 hrs after fertilization
      (end of interphase of the 1st cleavage division) till 93 hrs (beginning of
      blastulation). The period of cleavage comprises 11 cell cycles. The II--V cell
      cycles equal each other by their duration, then the divisions accelerate and the
      VII--X cell cycles are shorter than the former by 10%, on the average. The
      duration of some phases (pro-, ana- and telophase) in different cycles proved to
      be variable and all mitotic phases varied by their relative duration from cycle
      to cycle; however, in all cell cycles of the cleavage period the mitosis occupied
      2/3 of each cycle. The synchroneous character of the passage of cell cycle phases
      by all the cells is preserved only up to 8-blastomere stage. Beginning from the
      16-blastomere stage when two cell layers appear along the animal--vegetative
      axis, the gradient is initiated: the animal layer cells in the cycle phases leave
      behind the vegetative layer cells which border the yolk.

PMID- 692980
TI  - [Organ specific spectra of the glutamate dehydrogenase of corn, Zea mays L].
AB  - The characteristic spectra of glutamate dehydrogenase in the endosperm, embryo
      and pericarp of the developing seed, in the organs of the seedling (scutellum,
      root, mesocotyle, coleoptyle, leaf and root parenchyma of stem and ear) appear to
      be due to the differential activity of the genes controlling the enzyme
      synthesis. The type of spectrum of the initial tissue is preserved in the in
      vitro culture. The nature of organ specificity is discussed with respect to
      supposed mechanism of the formation of GDH isozyme spectrum.

PMID- 692981
TI  - [Age and features of the suppressor activity of antigen primed spleen cells of
      CBA strain mice and regulation of the immune response in old age].
AB  - A study of primary immunological response to the ram erythrocytes and response of
      primed CBA mice of different age has shown a sharp fall of the primary
      immunological response in senility. The young animals responded to the priming by
      the decrease of formation of direct antibody-forming cells in the spleen what is
      connected with the activation of suppressor cells. The response of primed animals
      increased with the age and attained in old mice the values markedly exceeding
      that of primary immunological response. In the system of syngeneic adoptive
      transfer of the spleen cells from the primed mice of different age, the response
      of recipients of young animal's cells was lower that of recipients of old
      animal's cells. The data obtained suggest the devrease of the suppressor activity
      of the primed spleen cells with the age.

PMID- 692982
TI  - [Finno-Soviet symposium "Morphogenetic cell interactions"].

PMID- 692983
TI  - Fluorographical findings in familial primary amyloidosis.
AB  - A 50-year-old man, diagnosed as having familial primary amyloidosis due to his
      systemic symptoms, family history, and to histological examination of biopsy
      specimens, was examined by fluorescein angiography. The following results were
      obtained: (1) The sheathing retinal artery showed a defect of dye filling in one
      region, but not in the other region. Dye leakage from the sheathing artery was
      observed. (2) The configuration of macular vessels was rough, a microaneurysma
      like change and the leakage of dye were also recognized in the capillaries of
      this region. (3) It was speculated that vitreous opacity originated from vascular
      lesions.

PMID- 692984
TI  - Scanning electron microscopic study of the human retina.
AB  - The photoreceptors and their synapses, the amacrine cells and a vein the nerve
      fibre layer of the human retina are shown on the basis of scanning electron
      microscopic investigations.

PMID- 692985
TI  - Pathological-optic approach of cataract and lens.
AB  - By weighing cataractous lenses and by scanning lenses of patients with acute
      diabetes with an ultrasonic A scan, it is made probable that hypermetropization
      in those cases is to be atributed to alterations of the refractive index of the
      lens.

PMID- 692986
TI  - [Photocoagulation in diabetic retinopathy].
AB  - At the present time, photocoagulation is the treatment of choice of diabetic
      retinopathy. It is founded on well-defined principles. The results are better
      than in the non-treated cases, on the condition that the indications are well
      established and the techniques appropriate. Fluorescein angiography remains
      indispensable. The objective of the photocoagulation is the destruction of
      ischaemic and avascular zones by large coagulations (avascular retinal
      photocoagulation). Depending on the severity and the rapidity of the evolution of
      the retinopathy, more extensive coagulations have to be performed in non
      ischaemic zones (vascular retinal photocoagulation). The association of these two
      techniques is the so-called panretinal photocoagulation. This step need not be
      taken at once, but is indicated in some well-defined cases. The newly formed
      vessels are not coagulated, except when they are intraretinal.

PMID- 692987
TI  - Current views and some suggestions about mutual influences of eye dipoles as
      revealed by EOG.
AB  - Electro-oculographic response is recorded from a number of normal subjects: one
      eye becomes adapted to light, while the contralateral one persists in its dark
      adapted state. The viewing eye shows the expected light-induced amplification
      effect. The contralateral eye shows the expected "paradoxical' curve in 12 cases;
      in addition, a flat curve is found in 4 cases, and a curve running parallel to
      that recorded from the light-exposed eye is found in 8 cases. In agreement with a
      previous report, found in the literature, cortical bio-electrical activity (on
      going EEG) also shows a light-induced amplification after the onset of an
      adapting field. This latter finding is once more confirmed by us. This fact,  in
      conjunction with some recent psychophysical findings (Lansford and Baker effect)
      leads to infer that interocular EOG influences are mediated by other mechanisms,
      in addition to spread across facial tissues.

PMID- 692989
TI  - Practical monitoring of the intensive care patient.

PMID- 692988
TI  - Fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base management in the acutely traumatized patient.

PMID- 692990
TI  - Anesthesia for the trauma patient.

PMID- 692991
TI  - Acute traumatic amputation of an extremity.

PMID- 692992
TI  - Post-traumatic adult respiratory distress syndrome.

PMID- 692993
TI  - Disorders of cardiac rhythm.

PMID- 692994
TI  - Cardiac arrest.

PMID- 692995
TI  - Congestive heart failure.

PMID- 692996
TI  - Urologic complications in the critically ill orthopedic patient.

PMID- 692997
TI  - [Shortening the times of temporary work incapacity and disability in patients
      with open diaphyseal fractures].

PMID- 692998
TI  - [Work capacity recovery and disability in diaphyseal fractures of the forearm
      bones].

PMID- 692999
TI  - [Errors in the treatment of finger and hand injuries and rehabilitation: their
      interrelationship].

PMID- 693000
TI  - [Kineplasty of the forearm].

PMID- 693001
TI  - [Orthopedic regime for pediatric cerebral palsy patients].

PMID- 693002
TI  - [Results of muscle grafts on the upper extremitiy in children with cerebral
      palsy].

PMID- 693003
TI  - [L'Episcopo's operation in the Duchenne-Erb type of brachial plexus birth
      paralysis in children].

PMID- 693004
TI  - [Treatment of knee joint deformation in children who have had epiphyseal
      osteomyelitis].

PMID- 693005
TI  - [Development of the acetabulum after closed and surgical correction of congenital
      hip dislocation in children].

PMID- 693006
TI  - [Changes in the x-ray indices of the hip joint in Perthes' disease].

PMID- 693007
TI  - [Diagnostic and treatment characteristics of femur head necrosis after reduction
      of the congenital dislocation].

PMID- 693008
TI  - [Therapeutic gymnastics in the surgical treatment of vertebral fractures].

PMID- 693009
TI  - [Adaptive bioregulation method in the medical rehabilitation of children with
      trauma sequelae].

PMID- 693010
TI  - [Surgical approach to the bones of the pelvis and hip joint].

PMID- 693011
TI  - [Treatment results and the work capacity status of patients with fracture
      dislocations of the talocrural joint].

PMID- 693012
TI  - [Surgical anatomical characteristics of the operative approaches to the posterior
      portion of the sacrum].

PMID- 693013
TI  - [Early diagnosis and the modern principles of the treatment of osteoarticular
      tuberculosis].

PMID- 693014
TI  - [Laser therapy in injuries and orthopedic diseases].

PMID- 693015
TI  - [Insulin loading in the evaluation of diabetes].

PMID- 693016
TI  - [Results of percutaneous subclavian vein puncture in 400 patients].

PMID- 693017
TI  - [Preventive therapy for ischemic heart disease, based on hyperlipemia screening
      studies].

PMID- 693018
TI  - [Diagnostic ultrasound in the recognition of hydatide mole].

PMID- 693019
TI  - [Subclavian steal associated with aortic isthmus stenosis in infancy].

PMID- 693020
TI  - [The concept of healing and patient care].

PMID- 693021
TI  - [Experience with endoscopic papillotomy].

PMID- 693022
TI  - [Value of endoscopic papillotomy in the light of control examinations and results
      after 1-4 years].

PMID- 693023
TI  - [Significance and future of endoscopic papillotomy].

PMID- 693024
TI  - [Unusual QRS changes induced by procainamide: ventricular post-excitation].

PMID- 693025
TI  - [Endoscopic sphincterotomy].

PMID- 693026
TI  - [The role of Frigyes Koranyi in the progress of European medicine].

PMID- 693027
TI  - [The value of anamnesis and previous medical records (ECG) in the diagnosis of
      myocardial infarct].

PMID- 693028
TI  - [Iatrogenic carcinogenesis].

PMID- 693029
TI  - [Serotonin concentration and monoamine oxidase activity in the blood of
      endogenous psychotic patients].

PMID- 693030
TI  - [Stenosis of the bronchial system: its role in pediatric diagnosis and therapy].

PMID- 693031
TI  - [Incidence, pathology and mortality of postoperative diffuse peritonitis].

PMID- 693032
TI  - [Epidemiologic characteristics of man-to-man transmitted Salmonella infections
      under hospital conditions].

PMID- 693033
TI  - [Unusual case of swallowed metal foreign bodies].

PMID- 693034
TI  - [Current possibilities and trends in the treatment of malignant lymphomas].

PMID- 693035
TI  - [Possibility of closure of the patent dutus arteriosus by drug therapy in the
      management of congenital defects in the newborn infant (preliminary report)].

PMID- 693036
TI  - [Children of siblings].

PMID- 693037
TI  - [Detection of primary parathyroid hyperfunction in a case].

PMID- 693038
TI  - Some comments on the art of diagnosis.

PMID- 693039
TI  - Laryngeal electromyography: techniques and application.

PMID- 693040
TI  - The diagnostic role of laryngeal stroboscopy.

PMID- 693041
TI  - Advances in the optical examination of the upper airway.

PMID- 693042
TI  - The use of the flexible fiberoptic nasopharyngolaryngoscope in the pediatric
      upper airway.

PMID- 693043
TI  - Advances in bronchoscopy.

PMID- 693044
TI  - Mediastinoscopy today.

PMID- 693045
TI  - Current status of esophagoscopy.

PMID- 693046
TI  - Xeroradiography in otolaryngology.

PMID- 693047
TI  - Angiography in otolaryngology: anatomy, methodology, complications, and
      contraindications.

PMID- 693048
TI  - Diagnostic ultrasound in otolaryngology.

PMID- 693049
TI  - A-mode ultrasound evaluation of the maxillary sinus.

PMID- 693050
TI  - Nuclear medicine in otolaryngological diagnosis.

PMID- 693051
TI  - The camera in diagnostic otolaryngology.

PMID- 693052
TI  - [Radical osteoplastic-obliterative surgery of frontal sinuses (preliminary
      report)].

PMID- 693053
TI  - [Nasal polyps and disposition to the development of asthma].

PMID- 693054
TI  - [The smell and taste in diabetics].

PMID- 693055
TI  - [Acupuncture and phonostimulation in the treatment of allergy].

PMID- 693056
TI  - [Microsurgery of laryngeal papilloma combined with cryotherapy].

PMID- 693057
TI  - [Experimental laryngeal microangiography].

PMID- 693058
TI  - [Pathological changes in the bronchi and lung tissue caused by experimental
      foreign bodies].

PMID- 693059
TI  - [Linear zonography in the assessment of the extent of malignant infiltration of
      the larynx].

PMID- 693060
TI  - [Limited value of rotation tests for otoneurological expertise].

PMID- 693061
TI  - [Value of oscillatory stimuli in a rotating chair in the assessment of worker's
      ability to work at great heights].

PMID- 693062
TI  - [Results of biochemical, spirometric and gasometric studies in stuttering].

PMID- 693063
TI  - [Ossifying fibroma of the nose and paranasal sinuses].

PMID- 693064
TI  - [Craniofacial resection of advanced carcinoma of the skull].

PMID- 693065
TI  - [Intralaryngeal ectopic thyroid gland].

PMID- 693066
TI  - [Case of palatine tonsil actinomycosis].

PMID- 693067
TI  - [Adjustment of the S-3198-(RFT) printing machine to reaction time measuring
      device].

PMID- 693068
TI  - [The development of the larynx in newborn infants and infants].

PMID- 693069
TI  - Inadequacy of nitrous oxide/oxygen mixtures for maintaining anaesthesia in cats:
      satisfactory alternatives.
AB  - Under carefully controlled conditions, nitrous oxide/oxygen mixtures alone, in
      concentrations up to 80% nitrous oxide, are shown to be unsuitable for
      maintaining anaesthesia during physiological recording in cats. An alternative
      technique is described, in which N2O/O2 (72.5% : 27.5%) is supplemented with
      minimal amounts of intravenous pentobarbitone (averaging 1 mg/kg/hr), following
      induction and surgical preparation under halothane. The technique is suitable for
      single unit recording from the CNS of cats in long-term acute experiments,
      especially those involving immobilisation with muscle relaxants. With appropriate
      antibiotic prophylaxis the technique is also suitable for shorter-term recording
      sessions in chronically implanted cats permitted to recover between sessions.

PMID- 693070
TI  - Endorphins in chronic pain. I. Differences in CSF endorphin levels between
      organic and psychogenic pain syndromes.
AB  - A series of 37 patients with chronic pain was investigated with regard to
      neurologic and psychiatric variables. Twenty of the patients were classified as
      having mainly organic (= somatogenic) pain syndromes while 17 patients were
      rather suffering from psychogenic pain syndromes. Samples of lumbar cerebrospinal
      fluid (CSF) were obtained from the patients and analyzed for the presence of
      opiate receptor-active material, here called endorphins. Patients classified as
      having mainly organic pain syndromes were found to have significantly lower
      endorphin levels than patients with predominantly psychogenic pain syndromes. In
      the total group of patients as well as in the two subgroups, there was a
      significant correlation between CSF endorphin levels and the depth of depressive
      symptomatology as reported by the patients. On the other hand, there was no
      correlation between CSF endorphin levels and extent of anxiety or motor
      retardation. It is concluded that CSF endorphins reflect central processes
      involved in chronic pain syndromes.

PMID- 693071
TI  - Emotional adjustment and chronic pain.
AB  - Previous work has suggested that patients with organic lesions causing pain may
      show as much emotional disturbance as patients with pain but without lesions.
      This study examined 141 chronic pain patients for their life experience, both
      currently and premorbidly, in terms of upbringing, neurotic traits and
      personality disturbance. Patients with an organic cause for pain reported
      significantly less family disturbance in childhood, less premorbid personality
      problems and less neurotic traits than patients who did not have any organic
      cause for their pain. The data provide support for the view that a significant
      proportion of the emotional disturbance associated with chronic pain is a
      secondary effect. Adjectives used to describe pain and factors causing
      exacerbation and relief of pain, although overlapping, also differed in the two
      groups.

PMID- 693073
TI  - Noxious and tactile input to medial structures of midbrain and pons in the rat.

PMID- 693072
TI  - Abdominal pain and the emotions.
AB  - Sites in the gut that are related to pain are reviewed with respect to the
      special psychophysiological factors that operate locally. Topics considered are
      the irritable bowel, appendicitis and appendicectomy, duodenal ulceration and
      biliary disorders. Psychological states that promote the complaint or experience
      of abdominal pain are discussed. Possible psychological mechanisms are considered
      for abdominal pain with the reservation that we still do not know even the main
      physical mechanisms of pain related to gut disturbance.

PMID- 693074
TI  - A pediatrician's view.

PMID- 693075
TI  - Neuroblastoma.

PMID- 693076
TI  - Immunotherapy in childhood cancer.

PMID- 693077
TI  - Symposium on Medical Genetics. Forward.

PMID- 693078
TI  - Medical genetics: an overview.

PMID- 693079
TI  - Newborn screening for inborn errors of metabolism.

PMID- 693080
TI  - Neonatal thyroid screening.
AB  - Recent advances in science and technology have led to the capability of early
      screening of newborn infants for congenital hypothyroidism. Preliminary screening
      programs in North America have been established in Quebec and in the Northwestern
      and Northeastern United States. To date these programs have screened
      approximately 750,000 newborn infants and detected 163 with congenital
      hypothyroidism. Preliminary information suggests that the early diagnosis and
      screening does in fact prevent mental retardation. Such programs appear to be
      economically sound in that they minimize the impact of congenital hypothyroidism
      on public budgets for care and rehabilitation of the mentally handicapped.

PMID- 693081
TI  - Neonatal dwarfism.
AB  - We have not attempted to discuss the many forms of dwarfism with onset in
      childhood or adolescence, nor has it been possible to examine the many other
      causes of the small for gestational age infant, recently the subject of a review
      in this series. The evaluation of a child with a skeletal dysplasia requires a
      multidisciplinary approach utilizing clinical, genetic, radiographic, and
      morphologic findings. Because of the marked heterogeneity of this group of
      disorders, genetic and prognostic counseling should not be given until the
      physician is confident that he has made a definitive diagnosis.

PMID- 693082
TI  - Diagnosis, carrier detection, and genetic counseling in the muscular dystrophies.

PMID- 693083
TI  - Prenatal diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies.
AB  - Techniques are currently available at a few specialized centers for the antenatal
      detection of hemoglobinopathies such as beta thalassemia and sickle cell anemia.
      The risks are not yet clearly defined, but it seems reasonable to suggest that
      about 90 per cent of families may obtain useful information about the genotype of
      their fetus. Obtaining fetal blood as well as analyzing the sample requires
      considerable experience and skill. These factors continue to limit the
      availability of this procedure.

PMID- 693084
TI  - Crisis counseling: the newborn infant with a chromosomal anomaly.

PMID- 693085
TI  - [Role of hereditary factors in the development of diseases of the biliary system
      in children].

PMID- 693086
TI  - [Condition of the hepatobiliary system in children with chronic gastritis and
      peptic ulcer].

PMID- 693087
TI  - [Clinico-laboratory criteria for diagnosis and differential diagnosis of peptic
      ulcer, chronic gastritis and functional diseases of the stomach in children].

PMID- 693088
TI  - [State of the digestive functions of the intestine in children with chronic
      gastritis and peptic ulcer].

PMID- 693089
TI  - [Lipid metabolism indices in children with chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer].

PMID- 693091
TI  - [Obesity in schoolchildren].

PMID- 693090
TI  - [Ultrasound diagnosis of pancreatitis in children].

PMID- 693092
TI  - [Surgical forms of ascaridiasis in children].

PMID- 693093
TI  - [Radioisotopic diagnosis of the functional state of the kidneys in children with
      chronic pneumonia].

PMID- 693094
TI  - [Dynamics of changes in the organ of vision in children with meningococcal
      meningitis and meningoencephalitis].

PMID- 693095
TI  - [Clinico-immunologic features and state of the aerobic microflora in young
      children with gastrointestinal diseases].

PMID- 693096
TI  - [Cardiomyopathy with attacks of paroxysmal tachycardia associated with the Wolff
      Parkinson-White syndrome].

PMID- 693097
TI  - [Brenner tumor in an 18-year-old-girl].

PMID- 693098
TI  - [Effect of serotonin on the contractile activity of the uterus and the condition
      of the fetus according to the results of biochemical studies and radiotelemetry
      in uterine inertia].

PMID- 693099
TI  - [Effect of seduxen on the contractile activity of the uterus during labor].

PMID- 693100
TI  - [Contractile function of different portions of the uterus during the normal
      course of pregnancy at the 28--40 week stage].

PMID- 693101
TI  - [Contractile activity of the uterus in pregnant women with a normal and a typical
      period preparatory to labor].

PMID- 693102
TI  - [Tissue respiration indices in uterine inertia during the labor and puerperal
      period].

PMID- 693103
TI  - [Dynamics of melatonin excretion in women during normal labor and labor
      complicated by uterine inertia].

PMID- 693104
TI  - [Experience with the use of native anti-rhesus immunoglobulin for prevention of
      hemolytic disease of the newborn].

PMID- 693105
TI  - [Antibiotic treatment and prevention in obstetrics with evaluation by current
      (electronic and biochemical) methods of control].

PMID- 693106
TI  - [Serotonin metabolism disorders and their relationship to inability to complete
      pregnancy in women with rheumatism].

PMID- 693107
TI  - [Changes in the bioelectrical activity of uterine muscles caused by the
      preparation pyrotens].

PMID- 693108
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of abdominal pregnancy].

PMID- 693109
TI  - [X-ray diagnosis of uterine fibromyomas].

PMID- 693110
TI  - [Effect of placental glycoproteins on lymphocyte reactivity].

PMID- 693111
TI  - [Serotonin metabolism in the dynamics of the menstrual cycle in adolescent
      girls].

PMID- 693112
TI  - [Full-term pregnancy associated with bilateral ovarian cancer].

PMID- 693113
TI  - [Case of Lyell's syndrome in obstetric practice].

PMID- 693114
TI  - [Lipid spectrum of the blood in children with chronic cholecystocholangitis].

PMID- 693115
TI  - [Characteristics of the absorptive function of the intestine in children with
      chronic cholecystocholangitis].

PMID- 693116
TI  - Effects of propranolol during pregnancy and development of rats. I. Adverse
      effects during pregnancy.
AB  - Pregnant rats, treated with high doses of propranolol, gave birth to small for
      dates neonates. Litter size was affected in daily doses of 100 and 150 mg/kg/day.
      Propranolol markedly influenced the gain in weight normally observed in pregnant
      rats. The placentas of the rats which received the higher doses of propranolol
      weighed about 30% less than normal placentas. Pregnant rats, treated with
      propranolol, gave birth to small for dates neonates. This effect is possibly the
      result of a drug-induced reduction in transport across cellular membranes,
      resulting in malnutrition. Since similar effects were reported in humans,
      treatment with propranolol during pregnancy should be further reevaluated in
      laboratory animals.

PMID- 693117
TI  - Influence of exogenous cortisol and triglyceride feeding on glucose homeostasis
      in the fasted newborn rat.

PMID- 693118
TI  - Effects of diet and weight loss on plasma glucose, insulin, and free fatty acids
      in obese children.

PMID- 693119
TI  - Polygraphic studies of normal infants and infants at risk for the sudden infant
      death syndrome: heart rate and variability as a function of state.
AB  - Spontaneous heart rate and variability were examined as a function of age and
      state from birth to 6 months of age in 10 normal infants and 10 infants at risk
      for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). The risk group showed a higher heart
      rate at 3 months of age, particularly in the waking state. The risk infants'
      heart rate also increased more markedly during the first month after birth in
      both quiet and active sleep. Heart rate in both groups declined after 2 months in
      every state; however, the risk infants lagged in the 2- to 3-month decline seen
      with the normal infants. In the awake state, heart rate variability in the risk
      group did not follow the increase seen with the normals during the 1-week to 2
      month age period.

PMID- 693120
TI  - Selenium and glutathione peroxidase activity in maternal and cord plasma and red
      cells.

PMID- 693121
TI  - p-aminohippurate transport in the proximal straight tubule: development and
      substrate stimulation.

PMID- 693122
TI  - Detection of cystic fibrosis protein by electrofocusing.

PMID- 693123
TI  - Is cystic fibrosis protein a diagnostic marker for individuals who harbor the
      defective gene?

PMID- 693124
TI  - [Epidemiological analysis of the incidence of A and B viral hepatitis in children
      in our clinical records].

PMID- 693125
TI  - [Hepatitis B virus infection as a risk factor for newborn infants].

PMID- 693126
TI  - [Cellular immunity in children with viral hepatitis as based on DNCB skin tests].

PMID- 693127
TI  - [Assessment of cardiovascular system in children with viral hepatitis].

PMID- 693128
TI  - [Presence of enterotoxinogenic Enterobacteriaceae in children hospitalized for
      diarrhea at the Infectious Diseases Hospital  in Warsaw].

PMID- 693129
TI  - [Course and treatment of bacterial cerebrospinal meningitis in children in our
      records].

PMID- 693130
TI  - [Nitroblue tetrazolium reduction test in purulent meningitis in children].

PMID- 693131
TI  - [Echo 9 type virus meningitis epidemics in preschool children].

PMID- 693132
TI  - [Salmonella agona carrier state in the mother as a possible cause of septicemia
      in her 2 successive newborn infants].

PMID- 693133
TI  - [Diagnostic difficulties in multiorgan form of Mycoplasma infection].

PMID- 693134
TI  - [Acute infectious lymphocytosis--is it a separate nosological entity?].

PMID- 693135
TI  - [Evaluation of the sympathetic regulation of the cardiovascular system in
      children with diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 693137
TI  - [Study of pulmonary ventilation and circulation by the rheographic method and
      pulmonary blood supply by the method of perfusion scintigraphy].

PMID- 693139
TI  - [Conradi-Hunermann syndrome in a newborn infant].

PMID- 693136
TI  - [Evaluation of the antibiotic treatment of premature infants].

PMID- 693138
TI  - [Dysmorphosis syndrome caused by hydantoin].

PMID- 693140
TI  - [Diagnostic criteria and prevention of bacterial endocarditis connected with
      cardiosurgical operation].

PMID- 693141
TI  - [New apparatus for bronchial drainage in children].

PMID- 693142
TI  - [Case of adrenal gland pseudocyst treated surgically in a newborn infant].

PMID- 693143
TI  - [Principles of genetics as a prerequisite for genetics counseling].

PMID- 693144
TI  - [Postprandial gastrinemia and insulinemia in children with malabsorption
      syndromes].

PMID- 693145
TI  - [Scintigraphic study of the brain with the use of 99mTc-technetium in children].

PMID- 693146
TI  - [Lung volume and capacity measurements in boys aged 15-18 years].

PMID- 693147
TI  - [Use of leukeran in the treatment of nephrotic syndrome in children].

PMID- 693148
TI  - [Potassium ion metabolism in the kidneys of infants and older children under
      normal conditions and in pyelonephritis].

PMID- 693149
TI  - [Constitutional determination of the Achilles tendon reflexograph in children].

PMID- 693150
TI  - Research involving children: Recommendations of the National Commission for the
      Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research.

PMID- 693151
TI  - Evaluation of a patterning treatment for retarded children.
AB  - Three groups, each with 15 seriously retarded institutionalized children, were
      employed to evaluate a modification of the sensorimotor patterning treatment
      developed at the Institutes for the Achievement of Human Potential (IAHP). The
      treatment group received a program modeled after the IAHP methods for
      approximately two hours per day, five days per week, for one year. For the same
      length of time, a matched motivational control group participated in activities
      with foster grandparents designed to create positive, success-oriented
      interactions to improve self-esteem and feelings of efficacy. A no treatment
      group continued to receive the standard care of the institution, which was
      enlightened and resident-oriented. A wide variety of behavioral measures were
      employed, including the IAHP Developmental Profile, IQ, motor and language
      development scales, and measures of affective, social, and maladaptive behaviors.
      On the majority of the measures there were no differences in posttest performance
      among any of the three groups. In no case did the pattern of change of the
      treatment group differ from that of its crucial comparison, the motivation group.
      However, all three groups showed some improvement in performance between the
      beginning and end of the study. It was concluded that the patterning treatment
      investigated in this study cannot be recommended for seriously retarded children.

PMID- 693152
TI  - Computed tomography in child abuse and cerebral contusion.
AB  - Cerebral contusion is considered to be the lesion leading to neurological
      sequelae of mental retardation and cerebral palsy in abused children. This has
      been difficult to document other than at autopsy or craniotomy by previously
      available techniques. Acute contusion or hemorrhage presumably secondary to
      contusion is readily documented by computed tomography (CT). We are reporting the
      cases of four children with alleged or suspected abuse and CT evidence of
      cerebral contusion. The contusion has been found both with and without external
      evidence of head injury.

PMID- 693153
TI  - Cerebral white matter lesions in sudden infant death syndrome.
AB  - In 21.6% of infants who died of sudden infant death syndrome, the cerebral white
      matter showed areas of leukomalacia. Of those infants with congenital heart
      disease, 24.8% had lesions, whereas 4.4% of infants who died from known acute
      causes had lesions. The sites of the cerebral white matter lesions, subcortical
      or periventricular, seem to be related to the age of the infant.

PMID- 693154
TI  - Observations on immediate reactions of families to sudden infant death.
AB  - Many health professionals do not adequately support newly bereaved parents and
      may in fact ignore and abandon them at the time of bereavement. A possible reason
      for this lack of involvement may be the discomfort experienced by these
      individuals during such encounters and a misunderstanding of the normal grief
      reactions. From a two-year experience observing 351 families in whom an infant
      has died suddenly and unexpectedly, I have noted the most common immediate grief
      reactions. These reactions are discussed to increase the professional's awareness
      of the particular needs of these individuals. These immediate reactions include
      shock, disbelief, and denial; negativism, hostility, and anger; self-reproach and
      guilt; demonstration of former unresolved grief; verbalization of previous fears
      of loss; and sometimes, even, relief. Families are entitled to assistance during
      this distressing time from a warm, caring professional who is able to allow free
      expression of grief however it is manifested and answer accurately the disturbing
      questions about the death of their infant.

PMID- 693155
TI  - Follow-up families who experience a perinatal death.
AB  - We conducted a retrospective study by telephone interview (10 to 22 months later)
      of 26 families who had experienced a perinatal death. Six of 26 mothers had a
      prolonged grief reaction (12 to 20 months). Those mothers with a surviving twin
      or subsequent pregnancy less than five months following the death were at higher
      risk for a prolonged grieving period than were those without subsequent pregnancy
      or one more than six months later. Half of the families obtained information
      about the cause of death and risk of recurrence only during hospitalization;
      subsequent contact, weeks to months later, provided additional information for
      the other half. Twenty-two of 26 mothers met predetermined criteria for having an
      adequate understanding of cause of death and risk of recurrence; four of 26 knew
      neither. Sixty percent of the mothers who had adequate understanding and who had
      no prolonged grief response felt totally dissatisfied or only partially satisfied
      with the information they received and the way they received it. Follow-up
      contact by phone or in person increased understanding significantly; mothers who
      had had in-person follow-up were more likely to be satisfied with the information
      they received.

PMID- 693157
TI  - Behcet's disease presenting as chronic aphthous stomatitis in a child.
AB  - Behcet's disease is a chronic, recurrent, inflammatory disease of unknown cause
      that involves mucous surfaces, skin, eyes, joints, and the CNS. Although not
      reported in the pediatric literature, some cases start in childhood. This report
      describes a child whose chronic oral and genital ulcers preceded recognition of
      her gastrointestinal tract, eye, and CNS disease for nine years. The current
      knowledge of Behcet's disease in children is discussed.

PMID- 693156
TI  - Childhood cancer: Parental discord and divorce.
AB  - Parents of 191 children who were treated for cancer over a seven-year period
      completed and returned a questionnaire concerning marital status. Contrary to the
      prediction of a high divorce rate among these families, the study found a person
      year divorce rate of 1.19%. This is slightly lower than the 2.03% person-year
      divorce rate among married couples with children in the states of Kansas and
      Missouri. The Arnold sign indicator analysis of the Minnesota multiphasic
      personality inventory was used to measure marital stress in 38 intact couples
      whose children were treated for cancer. The study sample experienced more stress
      than a comparison group of 23 couples who had hemophilic children. Both of these
      populations had more stress than a normal standardization group but less than a
      standardization group of marriage counselees.

PMID- 693158
TI  - Use of the placenta as a teaching model.

PMID- 693159
TI  - Choledochal cyst: Delayed diagnosis in a jaundiced infant.

PMID- 693160
TI  - Commentary on anthelmintics.

PMID- 693161
TI  - Committee on Drugs. PUVA: A caution.

PMID- 693162
TI  - Report of the Task Force on scope and professional manpower needs in pediatric
      respiratory disease.

PMID- 693163
TI  - Report of the Task Force to establish guidelines for pediatric pulmonary
      training.

PMID- 693164
TI  - Guidelines for pediatric cardiology diagnostic and treatment centers.

PMID- 693165
TI  - Unapproved uses of approved drugs: The physician, the package insert, and the
      FDA.

PMID- 693166
TI  - Abuse of the child abuse law.

PMID- 693167
TI  - Enteroviral meningitis: A reappraisal.

PMID- 693168
TI  - Patterning treatment for retarded children.

PMID- 693169
TI  - Potentially toxic theophylline dose recommendations.

PMID- 693170
TI  - Feline rhinotracheitis-calici-panleukopenia vaccine.

PMID- 693171
TI  - [Individual assessment of physical development in students in practical school
      public health].

PMID- 693172
TI  - [Effect of physical gymnastic exercises on the functional asymmetry of boarding
      school pupils].

PMID- 693173
TI  - [Aerobic productivity under physical loading in schoolboys].

PMID- 693175
TI  - [Physiological hygienic standards for children's clothing].

PMID- 693174
TI  - [Hardiness promotion in preschool children suffering from frequent respiratory
      diseases].

PMID- 693176
TI  - [Action of a low-intensity chemical factor on the body of children in the case of
      polymer materials used in construction].

PMID- 693177
TI  - [Earthquakes and their possible effect on the child's body].

PMID- 693178
TI  - [Goals in the organization of medical care for schoolchildren].

PMID- 693179
TI  - [Clinical physiological importance of a differentiated evaluation of the
      phenomenon of large pulmonary vessel dilatation in today's children and
      adolescents].

PMID- 693180
TI  - [Relationship of age-related changes in arterial pressure in adolescents to the
      rate of growth in height].

PMID- 693181
TI  - [Glucagon, C-peptide and insulin content in the blood of healthy children].

PMID- 693182
TI  - [Characteristics of the glycemic curves of healthy school-age children depending
      on the nature of the carbohydrate loads].

PMID- 693183
TI  - [Serum lipid spectrum in children depending on the season].

PMID- 693184
TI  - [Serum antitryptic activity in children].

PMID- 693185
TI  - [Total potassium content in the body of children].

PMID- 693186
TI  - [Correction of water-salt metabolic shifts in metabolic alkalosis in children].

PMID- 693187
TI  - [Humoral immunity indices and viremia in children with a prolonged subfebrile
      state].

PMID- 693188
TI  - [Clinical importance of the radioimmunosorbent determination of immunoglobulin E
      in rhinosinusitis and rhinitis in children].

PMID- 693189
TI  - [Complicated course of A Victoria influenza in young infants].

PMID- 693190
TI  - [Method of treating croup in acute respiratory viral diseases by using steam
      oxygen-drug aerosol inhalations in a chamber].

PMID- 693191
TI  - [Methodological materials are 1 of the forms for introducing scientific
      achievements into practice].

PMID- 693192
TI  - [Education of children to a positive attitude to oral hygiene and treatment of
      the teeth].

PMID- 693193
TI  - [Evaluation of the physical development of children and a study of the dynamics
      of their body weight during a period of stay in a Pioneer Camp].

PMID- 693194
TI  - [Diuretic therapy of edamatous states in children].

PMID- 693195
TI  - [State of health and refraction in schoolchildren].

PMID- 693196
TI  - [Clinico-biochemical characteristics of lipodystrophic type of diabetes mellitus
      in children and adolescents].

PMID- 693197
TI  - [Blood osmolarity in children with diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 693198
TI  - [Experience with diagnosis of latent form of diabetes mellitus in children].

PMID- 693200
TI  - [Some diagnostic problems in pediatrics].

PMID- 693199
TI  - [Pathogenesis of diabetic fetopathy].

PMID- 693201
TI  - [Metabolic characteristics of the newborn whose mothers had diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 693202
TI  - [Characteristics of fatty acid composition of blood serum lipids and erythrocyte
      stroma in obese children].

PMID- 693203
TI  - [Status of the liver function in obese children].

PMID- 693204
TI  - [Peculiarities of lipid metabolism in young children with excessive adipose
      tissue of the body].

PMID- 693205
TI  - [Urine sodium and potassium in children with constitutional exogenous obesity].

PMID- 693206
TI  - [Cholinergic activity of blood of children with various forms of endemic goiter].

PMID- 693207
TI  - [Role of tuberculosis in etiology and pathogenesis of juvenile goiter].

PMID- 693208
TI  - [Clinico-anatomic parallels in hyperthyreosis in children].

PMID- 693210
TI  - [Changes in the kidneys in salt-losing form of congenital hyperplasia of the
      adrenals].

PMID- 693209
TI  - [Interelationship between gastroenterologic and hematologic disorders in
      congenital hyperthyroidism].

PMID- 693211
TI  - [Status of carbohydrate metabolism in patients with hypothalamic syndrome in
      puberty].

PMID- 693212
TI  - [Some results of pediatric research in 1977].

PMID- 693213
TI  - [Antibodies to the rubella virus in juvenile diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 693214
TI  - [Practical postgraduate training in pediatrics].

PMID- 693215
TI  - [Hypermuscular lipodystrophy in a 13-year-old girl].

PMID- 693216
TI  - [Constant gangrene of the scrotal skin with the development of hemangioma in a
      newborn].

PMID- 693217
TI  - [Familial coagulopathies].

PMID- 693218
TI  - [Differential diagnosis in Lyell's and Stevens-Johnson syndromes].

PMID- 693219
TI  - [Use of screening methods in studies of incidence of urologic system diseases
      among children].

PMID- 693220
TI  - [Endoscopy and aspiration biopsy in gastroenterology in children].

PMID- 693221
TI  - [Chronic respiratory insufficiency in children as a sequela of a viral infection
      of the bronchioli and the small bronchi].

PMID- 693222
TI  - [Treatment of an attack of purulent meningitis in an infant].

PMID- 693223
TI  - [Neonatal jaundice: etiological study apropos of 400 cases].

PMID- 693224
TI  - [Pyoventriculitis caused by Flavobacterium meningosepticum; treatment with
      rifamycine].

PMID- 693225
TI  - [Persistence of the fetal circulation syndrome].

PMID- 693226
TI  - On the capacity of directionally selective mechanisms to encode different
      dimensions of moving stimuli.
AB  - Direction-specific losses of contrast sensitivity for sinusoidal test gratings as
      a function of the contrast of a sinusoidal adapting grating were found to be
      similar to those measured previously with square-wave gratings. Furthermore, both
      relationships were similar to that between motion aftereffect duration and the
      contrast of sinusoidal adapting gratings, and all three sets of data can be fit
      by a single function. The function shows that the magnitude of direction-specific
      adaptation effects increases linearly with the logarithm of adapting contrast in
      the low contrast region, but is essentially independent of contrast once the
      contrast exceeds threshold by more than a factor of five-six. In addition, it was
      found that direction-specific losses of contrast sensitivity are restricted to
      limited ranges of spatial frequency.

PMID- 693227
TI  - Geometric transformations of pictured space.
AB  - In general, a picture can represent a specific environment of scene only when the
      picture is seen from a unique viewing point. The determination of this unique
      point and of the distortions that occur when the picture is viewed from other
      points is crucial to all aspects of pictorial perception. To clarify the effects
      of the point of observation on pictorial space, the present paper discusses how
      the correct point may be calculated, provides a geometric analysis of the effects
      of altering the viewing point, and briefly reviews the effects of such
      alterations on space perception.

PMID- 693228
TI  - The Penrose triangle and a family of related figures.
AB  - Starting from a study of the Penrose triangle, the theory is advanced that our
      perception of the relative spatial positions of parts of a figure is mediated by
      a set of significant directions (or axes). Illustration and exploration of the
      theory in this paper revolves around examples drawn mostly from a family of
      figures related to the Penrose triangle. This family is defined partly in terms
      of the common nature of its members' anomalies, and partly by the feature that
      they are seen as configurations of 'beams'. This feature and the conditions for
      it are also examined by the use of examples.

PMID- 693229
TI  - Assimilation theory, attentive fields, and the Muller-Lyer illusion.
AB  - The assimilation theory of geometric illusions was employed to predict changes in
      the outgoing and ingoing forms of the Muller-Lyer illusions as a function of
      attentive field size. It was found that the theory predicted correctly the form
      of the function relating amount of illusion and size of attentive field only for
      the outgoing Muller-Lyer. For the ingoing illusion the prediction was opposite to
      the empirically obtained results. The findings are seen as additional evidence
      for the untenability of a unitary theory, such as assimilation theory, for both
      versions of the Muller-Lyer illusion as they fail to account for substantial
      difference between them.

PMID- 693230
TI  - Aftereffects of sustained vertical divergence: induced vertical phoria and
      illusory target height.
AB  - Maintaining vertical divergence of about 2 diopters for 6, 8, or 10 min was shown
      to yield an induced vertical phoria (IVP). IVP increased with the duration of the
      inducing period and decayed with time in the dark, though not completely. Decay
      of IVP decreased with duration of induction period and increased as a result of
      maintaining the normal fusional response for 30 s. Vertical eye movements in the
      dark, however, were ineffective in reducing IVP. Some evidence also was provided
      for eye-specific errors in the perception of elevation of a visible target that
      were appropriate to the direction of the induced phoria. It was proposed that IVP
      may be modulated by resetting the output of the system used to induce the
      original effect.

PMID- 693231
TI  - Binocular utilization of monocular cues that are undetectable monocularly.
AB  - The latency time of tracking dynamic random-dot stereograms can be shortened by
      as much as 100 ms when monocular cues are added by introducing a difference in
      dot density between target and surround. It has been tacitly assumed that
      perception time will be reduced only if the added monocular cues are above the
      detection threshold for each eye. However, the experiments reported here clearly
      show that stereoscopic performance as measured by an eye tracking task can be
      greatly enhanced by added monocular cues that cannot be detected. Observers were
      instructed to track a suddenly displaced vertical bar (portrayed as a dynamic
      random-dot stereogram) while their eye movements were recorded by EOG. The bar
      had either a given binocular disparity or zero binocular disparity with respect
      to its surround. For the target with a disparity (in a wide range), the latency
      time of tracking decreased by more than 30 ms (10%) as density difference
      increased from 0 to 4%, whereas in the control conditions with no stereoscopic
      cues (zero disparity) subjects were unable to track the bar at all within that
      range of density difference. Thus stereopsis is greatly aided by minimal
      monocular cues that by themselves elude monocular detection.

PMID- 693232
TI  - Perception of contour in music reading.
AB  - Musicians and nonmusicians were required to make written reports of briefly
      presented displays of pitch symbols. Whilst musicians were not superior to
      nonmusicians at identifying individual notes they were superior at retaining
      information about the contour of note sequences. In addition, manipulation of
      task difficulty by requiring whole or partial report of the displays had a
      significant effect on performance only when global, rather than specific,
      response measures were taken. The results are in accordance with the theory that
      global analysis precedes detailed analysis in perceptual processing.

PMID- 693233
TI  - Development of sensitivity to information provided by cast shadows in pictures.
AB  - The shadow cast by an object in a two-dimensional picture can specify for the
      observer the spatial relations between that object and its surroundings, and also
      the shape and size of the object itself. Some sensitivity to this information is
      present even in three-year-old children. Experiment 1 provided evidence that
      three- and four-year-old children can rely on the shape of the shadow cast by an
      object to judge the shape of the object. In experiment 2, with adults and three-
      and four-year-old children, the location of the shadow cast by an object
      influenced the perceived depth and height off the ground plane of the object.
      Although even the three-year-old children were sensitive to the location of the
      cast shadows, there was evidence of improvement with age in judging the distance
      and size of the object. The three-year-olds were not able to judge the object's
      size when the location of the cast shadow provided the only differential
      information for size. In contrast, they were significantly better in judging size
      when the location of the object, rather than the location of the shadow, was
      varied.

PMID- 693234
TI  - Comparison of eye movements over faces in photographic positives and negatives.
AB  - Eye movements were recorded while subjects viewed ordinary portraits and
      photographic negatives of those portraits. Under both conditions they first
      studied sixteen portraits and then tried to decide which of forty-eight portraits
      they had just seen. They made more errors of recognition while viewing negatives,
      and their fixation patterns were significantly altered: there was a decrease in
      the percentage of fixations directed to the eyes, nose, and mouth, and an
      increase for such details as the ears, cheeks, chin, cap, and necktie. There was
      also a decrease in the ratio of fixations to the most fixated detail compared to
      the least fixated detail.

PMID- 693235
TI  - Request for brightness matching data and mathematical color vision models.

PMID- 693236
TI  - Scaling of saturation and hue in the nonspectral region.

PMID- 693237
TI  - Similarity judgments and recognition memory for some common spices.

PMID- 693239
TI  - Absolute and difference limen in visual perception as a function of the duration
      of stimulus pulse.

PMID- 693238
TI  - Discrimination of visually perceived intervals of time.

PMID- 693241
TI  - Sources of "overadditivity" in prism adaptation.

PMID- 693240
TI  - Hemispheric differences in stimulus identification.

PMID- 693242
TI  - Interactive effects in memory for harmonic intervals.

PMID- 693243
TI  - The selective adaptation effects of burst-cued stops.

PMID- 693244
TI  - Processing spatial information and the selective-masking effect.

PMID- 693245
TI  - Two factors in the perception of velocity at a distance.

PMID- 693246
TI  - Subjective motion and acceleration induced by the movement of the observer's
      entire visual field.

PMID- 693247
TI  - Involuntary automatic processing in color-naming tasks.

PMID- 693248
TI  - The effect of syllabic stress and syllabic organiztion on the identification of
      speech sounds.

PMID- 693249
TI  - Finger pressure during tracking of curved contours: implications for a visual
      dominance phenomenon.

PMID- 693250
TI  - "Improving one's touch"...and more.

PMID- 693251
TI  - The central tendency effect in stimulus generalization: effects of establishing a
      "preexperimental" frome of reference.

PMID- 693252
TI  - An investigation of the interaural time difference threshold for speech.

PMID- 693253
TI  - Perception of clicks in music.

PMID- 693255
TI  - Notes and comment.

PMID- 693254
TI  - Interactions in processing segmental and suprasegmental features of speech.

PMID- 693257
TI  - A proposal of a new computed tomograph for direct reconstruction of arbitrary
      cross-section of the body.

PMID- 693256
TI  - Comment on recognition and confusion of the lowercase alphabet.

PMID- 693258
TI  - The diagnostic significance of the various radiological examinations in adrenal
      disease.

PMID- 693259
TI  - [Treatment of eosinophilic lymphoid granuloma (author's transl)].

PMID- 693260
TI  - [Compatative study of radiotherapeutic methods in carcinoma of the mobile tongue
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 693261
TI  - [Bone metastases from breast cancer as detected by bone scintigraphy with 99mTc
      phosphorous compounds (author's transl)].

PMID- 693262
TI  - [Clinical studies of 67Ga citrate scintigraphy in various malignant and benign
      diseases (author's transl)].

PMID- 693263
TI  - [Fundamental studies of computed tomography (3rd report)--contrast and spatial
      resolution of Hitachi CT-H (author's transl)].

PMID- 693264
TI  - [The relationship of cardiac mucosal patterns of the stomach to respiration
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 693265
TI  - [Anomalous origin of left vertebral artery (author's transl)].

PMID- 693266
TI  - [Computed tomography with use of metrizamide (author's transl)].

PMID- 693267
TI  - [Growth rate of lung cancer and correlation with 67Ga-tumor accumulation
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 693268
TI  - Demonstration of pulmonary calcinosis by 99mTc diphosphonate bone scanning.

PMID- 693269
TI  - [Patency test of surgical cerebro-spinal fluid shunt using radioisotope (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 693270
TI  - [Effect of single irradiation by californium-252 compared with that of cesium-137
      on skins of C3H mice (author's transl)].

PMID- 693271
TI  - [Response of recurrent mouse mammary carcinoma to retreatment with a single or
      fractionated gamma-irradiation (author's transl)].

PMID- 693272
TI  - [Zoonotic aspects of Yersinia enterocolitica infections (author's transl)].
AB  - Yersinia enterocolitica (Y.e.) is presented from taxonomic point of view. The
      increased accounts of isolates performed during the last years from both humans
      and animals are described. Y.e., which is of great interest both in human and
      veterinary medicine, has been isolated in an increased frequency, from domestic
      as well as wild animals, from different foods, and also from drinking waters. The
      modes of transmissions are in many parts unknown, but clinical and
      epidemiological data suggest that the majority of infections both in humans and
      animals occur through the digestive tract. From different countries reports have
      been presented on the assumption that swine are playing an important role as
      reservoirs for infections in man. Foods contaminated with Y.e. bacteria either,
      primarily or secondarily, seem to be an important source of infections in the
      occurrence of Y.e. outbreaks.

PMID- 693273
TI  - [The background of the serological cross-reaction between Yersinia and Brucella
      and the possibility of differential diagnostics by the ELISA technique and the
      electroimmuno assay (rocket electrophoresis) (author's transl)].
AB  - A strong serological cross-reaction appears between different species of genus
      Brucella and Yersinia enterocolitica (Y.e.) serotype 0--9, which seriously
      complicates the diagnostic works of brucellosis and yersiniosis both in humans
      and animals. This cross-reaction makes it impossible to perform a differential
      serological diagnosis using common routine procedures such as the agglutination
      test and the complement fixation test. By the use of immunological,
      immunochemical and structural chemical methods it has been shown that the common
      antigenic structures of Brucella and Yersinia are situated in the
      lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of the cellwalls. In order to do structure analysis
      gaschromatography in combination with mass spectrometry of LPS from Brucella and
      Yersinia bacteria has been achieved. The results show that two monosaccharides
      (glucose and galactose) constitute common components of the LPS-molecules. A
      discovered cross-reaction between Y.e. 0--9 and Salmonella urbana (0--30)
      confirms the hypothesis that glucose and galactose are responsible for the
      serological cross-reaction between Brucella and Y.e. 0--9. An enzyme-linked
      immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been developed in order to be used as a
      differential routine test. The results show that by using ELISA, a
      differentiation between antibodies against Y.e. 0--9 and B. abortus can be done
      with high sensitivity and accuracy. Another differential diagnostic system has
      been developed by the use of electroimmuno assay (rocket electrophoresis). This
      method raises the possibility of a rapid and a simple qualitative differentiation
      of antibodies against Brucella and Yersinia.

PMID- 693274
TI  - Bacteriological examination of urine specimens from non-catheterized and
      catheterized dogs with symptoms of urinary tract infection.
AB  - A bacteriological investigation of 199 urinary specimens from dogs with symptoms
      of urinary tract infections is presented. No bacterial growth was detected in
      55.7% of all specimens examined. Isolation rates from urine specimens from
      noncatheterized and catheterized dogs were 35.2 and 66.7%, respectively, thus
      emphazising the importance of the sampling method and also that urinary tract
      infections in dogs can not be diagnozed solely on the basis of clinical symptoms.
      Bacteria belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae were most common isolated.
      Ampicillin was the drug to which resistance was least common (16.2%) while 79.1%
      of the strains examined were resistant to sulphonamide.

PMID- 693275
TI  - Pasteurella multocida from canine and feline teeth, with a case report of
      glossitis calcinosa in a dog caused by P. multocida.
AB  - A case of glossitis calcinosa in a dog caused by Pasteurella multocida is
      reported. Swelling of the tongue and reduced appetite were the predominant
      clinical symptoms. Due to latent infections with P. multocida in many species
      there is a risk of bitewounds being infected with this microorganism. In order to
      find the carrier-rate of P. multocida samples in canines, teeth and gingiva of
      121 dogs and 30 cats were examined bacteriologically, revealing a carrier rates
      of 55% and 80% respectively. The rate is significantly higher in dogs with poor
      oral hygiene (calcula), and there is a tendency towards small dogs being more at
      risk than large dogs and male cats more than females. The isolated strains of P.
      multocida were most sensitive to chloramphenicol and tetracycline whereas, many
      were resistent to penicillin and sulfa. The theory, that this pattern should be
      explained by the common use of the latter drugs in veterinary practice, is not
      valid under Danish conditions, where chloramphenicol and tetracycline are
      commonly used in the small animal clinic. Accordingly suspected P. multocida
      infections should be treated with chloramphenicol or tetracycline, until the
      result of a sensitivity test is available, and not with penicillin which today is
      the general routine.

PMID- 693276
TI  - Acid-base status of canine blood during storage.
AB  - The changes in pH, pCO2, pO2, based excess, standard bicarbonate and lactic acid
      during storage of canine blood 24 hours at different temperatures were measured
      (table I a, b) and illustrated (figs. 1 and 2). A correction table (table V) for
      determination of the initial acid-base data is constructed based upon regression
      equations (table IV) of the in vitro changes during storage of the blood. The
      changes in the acid-base values of canine blood differ from that of bovine and
      human blood (tables II and III).

PMID- 693277
TI  - Acid-base status of equine blood during storage.
AB  - The changes in pH, pCO2, pO2, BE, SBC, and lactic during storage of equine venous
      and arterial blood in 24 hours at different temperatures were measured (tables I,
      II), and illustrated (fig, 1, 2, 3). Correction tables (tables VI, VII) for
      determination of the initial acid-base data are constructed based on regression
      equations (tables IV, V) of the in vitro changes of the blood. The changes in the
      acid-base values of equine blood differ from that of bovine and canine blood
      (table III).

PMID- 693278
TI  - Evaluation of the tuberculin test in Malawi.
AB  - In a trial involving 371 head of cattle, the results of using avian plus bovine
      tuberculin and avian plus mammaliam tuberculin were compared. One group of 185
      cattle from areas of low tuberculosis incidence and another group of 186 cattle
      from areas of high incidence were tuberculin tested and examined for pathological
      lesions. Using the interpretation "non-specific infection not established" with
      avian plus mammaliam tuberculin on the readings from cattle from high incidence
      areas, the test detected 83% of the cattle with visible lesions, whereas the
      avian plus bovine tuberculin test only detected 63%. The avian plus mammaliam
      tuberculin test is therefore more accurate; however, it appears to be too
      sensitive as it produces a higher rate of inconclusive results from non-infected
      cattle, and is thus more difficult to interpret. Many cattle giving positive
      reactions were found to be free of tubercular lesions when examined post mortem;
      the possibility is discussed of their allergy to the test being caused by
      mycobacteria other than tuberculosis, as mycobacteria belonging to Runyons Group
      IV have been isolated from some of these cases.

PMID- 693279
TI  - Coxal dysplasia in a pig. A case report.
AB  - A deformed hip joint which was accidentally found in a test pig is described. On
      the grounds of radiological, macroscopic and microscopic examinations, this is
      considered to be caused by a congenital dysplasia of the hip joint.

PMID- 693280
TI  - [Lead poisoning in Norwegian waterfowl (author's transl)].
AB  - In connection with routine autopsy of wild birds, liver samples from 56
      waterfowl, representing 12 species, were analyzed for the content of lead. The
      median value for the birds examined was 0.2 microgram Pb/g wet weight.
      Concentrations probably causing lead poisoning were found in 1 mallard (Anas
      platyrhychos) with 11 microgram Pb/g liver and in 8 whooper swans (Cygnus cygnus)
      with 5.8--55 microgram Pb/g liver. Clinical observations and pathological
      findings of "typical" lead poisoning were found in 2 of the whooper swans with 25
      and 55 microgram Pb/g liver, respectively. Lead was not detected (less than 0.1
      microgram Pb/g liver) in 29% of the 34 whooper swans examined, while another 29%
      contained more than 1.0 microgram Pb/g liver. In some swans with a low liver lead
      concentration the autopsy findings strongly indicated an intoxication. The
      necessity of chemical analyses for the verification of lead poisoning is
      emphasized. The limited number of birds examined and the uneven selection among
      species prevent the drawing of general conclusions. This investigation indicates,
      however, that lead poisoning, especially in the whooper swan, may be a problem
      also in Norway, but hardly a so important one as in some other European countries
      and in the USA.

PMID- 693281
TI  - [Continuing and graduate veterinary education in the Scandinavian countries].
AB  - In all the Nordic countries the veterinary continuing education is organized in
      somewhat the same way. Short courses (1 to 5 days) are arranged in the different
      subjects of the professions at the teaching institutions or out in the regions.
      The veterinary medical associations are heavily involved in this education. In
      all the Nordic countries except Sweden, the doctor's degree is exclusively based
      on a research project. In Sweden a charge has taken place with formal course work
      in addition to the research project, more like for the Ph.D. degree. In Finland
      no formal graduate education is organized. Denmark and Norway have a licentiate
      degree in addition to the doctor's degree. The licentiate studies in both
      countries are a three years graduate course with a major subject and 2--3 minors
      and a research project.

PMID- 693282
TI  - [Mitral incompetence by rupture of the chordae. 27 cases (author's transl)].

PMID- 693283
TI  - [Extracorporeal assistance by continuous hemofiltration in severe hepatitis].

PMID- 693284
TI  - [Treatment of invasive cancer of the vulva. 49 cases].

PMID- 693285
TI  - [Inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone in an outbreak of acute
      intermittent porphyria].

PMID- 693286
TI  - [Acute bronchopulmonary aspergillosis of apparently primary origin].

PMID- 693287
TI  - [Pharmacologic action of "low doses" or "small doses" of heparin administered
      subcutaneously].

PMID- 693288
TI  - [Cystic pneumatosis after jejuno-ileal bypass].

PMID- 693289
TI  - [Hypokalemia occurring with indapamide treatment].

PMID- 693290
TI  - [Riedel's lobe: a rare hepatic malformation sometimes responsible for serious
      complications].

PMID- 693291
TI  - [Multiple alveolar echinococcosis: probable infestation in Creuse].

PMID- 693292
TI  - [Hemodynamic and then lesional acute pulmonary edema in a case of freshwater
      drowning].

PMID- 693293
TI  - [Puvatherapy and theophylline in the treatment of psoriasis].

PMID- 693294
TI  - [Pyramidal syndrome in paralysing cruralgia caused by L2-L3 disk hernia].

PMID- 693295
TI  - [Attempted clearance by massive plasmapheresis of an anti-HLA antibody in a
      patient who had received multiple transfusions (author's transl)].

PMID- 693296
TI  - [Enzyme induction during treatment with isoniazid].

PMID- 693297
TI  - [Arteriographic study of the hand in 52 cases of Raynaud's phenomenon of varying
      aetiology (author's transl)].
AB  - Digital occlusive arterial disease was demonstrated in all cases in which there
      was a precise aetiology and in many cases in which an aetiology could be
      suspected. However, the arteriogram was most often normal in cases of Raynaud's
      disease. Whilst the arterial lesions seen were not specific to a precise
      aetiology, their presence in a patient with Raynaud's phenomenon should lead to a
      search for a systemic disease, first and foremost scleroderma in view of the fact
      that it is the most common condition.

PMID- 693298
TI  - [Quantitative cytochemical study of local immunostimulation of the respiratory
      mucosae by mineral spa water (author's transl)].
AB  - After non-specific stimulation (by mineral spa water) of the secretion of IgA by
      the respiratory tract of rabbits, the animals were killed and a study made of the
      number of plasmocytes per 500 diameter field by phase contrast microscopy. The
      number of plasmocytes was markedly increased on the 15th day and remained 5 times
      higher than in control animals on the 100th day. Immunocytochemical labelling by
      the secretory anti-IgA Fab fraction confirmed these data electron
      microscopically.

PMID- 693299
TI  - [The economical use of methods employed in the diagnosis of jaundice: decisional
      attitude as opposed to diagnostic attitude (author's transl)].
AB  - For the diagnosis of jaundice, a comparison is established between a classical
      diagnostic attitude and a decisional attitude which consists in guiding and
      restricting the investigations according to the therapeutic possibilities. It
      appears from the comparative study of the two groups of patients that the
      decisional attitude is better, resulting in a treatment which occurs earlier, is
      less expensive and probably of a better quality.

PMID- 693300
TI  - [Relationship between gastric acid secretion and plasma calcium, parathormone and
      calcitonin levels in patients with chronic renal failure on haemodialysis
      (author's transl)].
AB  - In twelve patients on chronic haemodialysis, a relationship was established
      between gastric acid secretion on the one hand, and certain parameters of calcium
      metabolism on the other hand: in a multifactorial statistical analysis, plasma
      calcium before dialysis (p less than 0,05), plasma parathormone levels before
      dialysis (p less than 0,05) and plasma calcitonin before dialysis (p less than
      0,05) were variable explicatives of basal gastric acid secretion according to a
      direct relationship, whilst plasma calcium (p less than 0,05) was the only
      explicative variable of maximal gastric acid secretion after pentagastrin, with
      an inverse relationship. These preliminary results suggest that gastric acid
      secretion in the haemodialysis patient must be interpreted in the light of the
      state of calcium metabolism. Thus hypocalcaemia may be accompanied by decreased
      basal acid secretion and by contrast by an increased maximal acid secretion.
      These results require confirmation in a larger number of patients.

PMID- 693301
TI  - [Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy and Prurigo strophulus (author's transl)].
AB  - Angio-immunoblastic lymphadenopathy (A.I.L.) was classified as a special type of
      malignant lymphoma. However, the same morphologic features can be observed in non
      malignant diseases. We report a case of A.I.L. associated with Prurigo
      Strophulus: pseudo-tumoral adenopathy and cutaneous involvement disappeared with
      parasiticide treatment.

PMID- 693302
TI  - [Left atrial myxoma diagnosed and operated after echocardiography only? (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 693303
TI  - [Acute kidney failure during the administration of an hypouricemic diuretic,
      tienilic acid].

PMID- 693304
TI  - [Nephrotic syndrome through extramembranous glomerulonephritis induced by
      levamisole in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 693305
TI  - [Do plasma theophylline levels condemn enteral forms].

PMID- 693306
TI  - [Pneumoconiosis by exposure to tungsten carbide].

PMID- 693308
TI  - [Prevention of intracranial aneurysms rebleeding during the pre-operative delay
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 693307
TI  - [Myocardial infarction after vincristine treatment (author's transl)].

PMID- 693309
TI  - [Chemotherapy of disseminated malignant melanoma].

PMID- 693310
TI  - [Temporary isolation of the urine as a practical solution to possible metabolic
      problems of uretero ileal anastomoses].

PMID- 693311
TI  - [Transient marrow aplasia during cimetidine treatment].

PMID- 693312
TI  - [Is it possible to anticipate the limits of surgery in Leriche and Fontaine stage
      IV gangrenous arteriopathies?].

PMID- 693313
TI  - [Lung cancer kills more and more].

PMID- 693314
TI  - [Generalized histoplasmosis with laryngeal localization and endocarditis].

PMID- 693315
TI  - [Study of the bronchial flora by protected fibroscopy in cases of superinfected
      chronic bronchitis].

PMID- 693316
TI  - A contribution to the functional morphology of articular surfaces.
AB  - The variations of the joint shape are first analyzed in the acetabulum and the
      ulnar trochlear notch of man. Then an attempt is made to explain the basic shape
      of the lunate surface and the types of articular surface diverging from it with
      regard to causal histogenesis and the general theory of joint stress (Pauwels),
      as well as the theoretical distribution of stress in the perfect ball and socket
      joint (Kummer). Certain statements are made about the position, size, changes in
      direction and course of the resultant forces at the joint, statements which seem
      very likely to be accurate when compared to facts already known about the hip
      joint in man. Under these preconditions, the various forms of the observed
      articulating surfaces may be theoretically reconstructed in every case. In this
      connection, it is first shown that the preservation of the joint cartilage is
      also dependent on the period of time during which the resultant force is
      effective in the various areas of the articular surface. The term "relative
      constancy" is used to express this time factor. Two functional explanations are
      given for the presence of incisions and divisions in the lunate surface and in
      the trochlear notch: 1. It is assumed that the "relative constancy" of the
      resultant forces is of varying magnitude in the different areas of the articular
      surface. The incisions and divisions in the joint cartilage are thus seen as
      areas in which the resultant joint stress does not rise above the minimum value
      for preservation of the articular cartilage. 2. The radius of the convex
      articular surface can be slightly larger than the radius of the concave articular
      surface. Because of this incongruity no pressure will be transmitted in an area
      of the lunate surface or of the trochlear notch because of the defective contact.
      It follows that the cartilage-preserving stimulating pressure is also absent from
      this area. According to Pauwels, the magnitude and distribution of the stresses
      arising in the articulating surfaces may be determined from the varying density
      distribution of the subchondral bony tissue, as seen in x-rays. The density
      distribution of the subchondral bone at the ulnar socket shows clear basic
      parallels to the extent of the surface covered by joint cartilage. The relatively
      low density in the area of the notch is seen as being the result of lower stress,
      in accordance with the functional explanation of division of the cartilage
      surfaces. In photoelastic model experiments, the dependence of the degree of
      relative stress on the form of the articular surface is illustrated by means of
      the number of isochromes. Here, the distribution of density of the subchondral
      bony tissue corresponds to the local magnitude of stress in the corresponding
      model joint. Functional analysis of the tangential fiber layer of the joint
      cartilage at the femoral head and the elbow joint, shows basic agreement between
      the split line patterns and the trajectoral pattern, as described in articulating
      surfaces examined by Pauwels, Konermann and Molzberger...

PMID- 693317
TI  - Mass spectral studies of probe pyrolysis products of intact oligoribonucleotides.
AB  - Pyrolysis of underivatized homogeneous oligoribonucleotides in the source of a
      mass spectrometer leads to production of simple mass spectra which resemble the
      spectra of the bases themselves. It is proposed that pyrolysis occurs by hydrogen
      transfer to the base moiety followed by elimination of the neutral base.
      Ionization by electron impact gives rise to the observed spectra. Mixed
      oligoribonucleotides pyrolyze readily to give spectra of adenine and uracil, but
      evidence for the presence of guanine and cytosine in mixed polymers and native
      RNA's is difficult to obtain presumably because of their low vapor pressure. The
      method may be useful for detection of modified bases in tRNA and for studies of
      temperature effects on RNA pyrolysis.

PMID- 693318
TI  - 'A' forms of RNAs in single strands, duplexes and RNA-DNA hybrids.
AB  - Helical parameters have been calculated for the 'A' form minimum energy
      conformations of ApA, CpC, GpG, UpU, GpC and UpA. The helix geometries are base
      sequence dependent. The single strands are narrower and more tightly wound than
      that duplex RNA-11 form. 9-12 kcal./mole are needed to convert these single
      strands to the RNA-11 conformation. However, in some sequences other 'A' type
      conformers capable of complementary base pairing may be formed at lower energetic
      cost. There is substantially more base stacking in the calculated single strands
      than in the RNA-11 conformation. Calculated intrastrand base stacking energies
      reflect these differences, and also are sequence dependent. The 'A' form RNA
      subunits differ from the analogous DNAs in possessing a larger rise per residue,
      needed to accomodate the 2'-OH. RNA-DNA hybrids are consequently more likely to
      be in the 'A-RNA than in the 'A'-DNA conformation, although the base sequence
      determines the extent of the preference.

PMID- 693319
TI  - Photochemical cross-linking of histones to DNA nucleosomes.
AB  - Ultraviolet (UV)-induced cross-linking was utilized in order to identify histone
      DNA interacting regions in the chromatin repeating unit. Fractionated
      mononucleosomes which contained 185 base pairs of DNA and a full complement of
      the histones, including histone H1, were irradiated with light of lambda greater
      than 290nm in the presence of a photosensitizer. Equimolar amounts of histones
      H2A and H2B were found, by two independent labeling experiments, to be cross
      linked to the DNA. Based on previous finding that the UV irradiation specifically
      cross-links residues which are in close proximity, irrespective of the nature of
      the amino acid side chain or the nucleotide involved, our results indicate that
      the four core histones are not positioned equivalently with respect to the DNA.
      This arrangement allows histones H2A and H2B to preferentially cross-link to the
      DNA. A water soluble covalent complex of DNA and histones was isolated. This
      complex was partially resistant to mild nuclease digestion, it exhibited a CD
      spectrum similar to that of chromatin, and was found to contain histone H1. These
      results are compatible with a model which suggests that histone H1, though
      anchored to the linker, is bound to the DNA at additional sites. By doing so it
      spans the whole length of the nucleosome and clamps together the DNA fold around
      the histone core.

PMID- 693320
TI  - Genetic organization of the ribosomal transcription units of the yeast
      Saccharomyces carlsbergensis.
AB  - The genetic organization of the multiple ribosomal transcription units (RTUs) on
      the genome of the yeast Saccharomyces carlsbergensis was studied by electron
      microscopy of purified ribosomal DNA hybridized to 26S rRNA using the R-loop
      technique (Thomas, M., White, R.L. and Davis, R.W. (1973) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
      U.S. 73, 2294-2298). Plasmid pBR 322, the molecular weight of which is known, was
      used as a standard for converting contour length of double-stranded DNA into
      molecular weight. The 140 yeast RTUs were found to be arrayed in tandem repeats,
      each repeat containing at most 0.4 X 10(6) D (about 6% of the length of the RTU)
      of non-transcribed spacer DNA. The repeats, in turn, are arranged in a number of
      clusters separated by much longer stretches of non-ribosomal DNA.

PMID- 693321
TI  - Chemical synthesis of a self-complementary octanucleotide, dG-G-T-T-A-A-C-C by a
      modified triester method.
AB  - The synthesis of a self-complementary octanucleotide, d(G-G-T-T-A-A-C-C-), using
      a modified triester approach is described. The protected dinucleotides,
      d(Me2O)TribG(C1C6H4) ibG, d(Me2O)TrT(ClC6H4)T, d(Me2O)TrbzA(ClC6H4)bzA, and
      d(Me2O)TranC(ClC6H4)anC were synthesized by a one step triester procedure. After
      removal of the trityl group, the dinucleotides, dT(ClC6H4)T and danC (ClC6H4)anC
      were coupled to d(Me2O)TribG(ClC6H4)ibG and d(Me2O)TrbzA(ClC6H4)bzA, respectively
      to yield the respective tetranucleotides. The tetranucleotide,
      d(Me2O)TrbzA(ClC6H4)bzA(ClC6H4) and (ClC6H4)anC was detritylated and then coupled
      with d(Me2O)TribG(ClC6H4)ibG(ClC6H4)T(Cl6H4)T to give octanucleotide. The fully
      protected octanucleotide was deblocked by treatment with aqueous NH3 followed by
      acid and was characterized by nucleotide sequence analysis.

PMID- 693322
TI  - Expression of bacteriophage M13 DNA in vivo. Localization of the transcription
      initiation and termination signal of the mRNA coding for the major capsid
      protein.
AB  - During the infection cycle of the filamentous bacteriophage M13 a phage specific
      RNA species is made which selectively directs in vitro the synthesis of the
      precursor of the major capsid protein encoded by gene VIII. This RNA is unstable
      (its mean half-life is 11 min) and is made in amounts representing at least 2% of
      the newly synthesized RN. Nucleotide sequence analysis have indicated that the
      synthesis of this RNA species is initiated and terminated at the same promoter
      (G0.18) and termination signal (T0.25) of the M13 genome as the 8S RNA species
      made in vitro under the direction of M13 replicative form DNA.

PMID- 693323
TI  - Studies on the single-stranded discontinuities of the cauliflower mosaic virus
      genome.
AB  - The Cauliflower Mosaic Virus (CaMV) genome is a double-stranded DNA molecule of
      about 5 million daltons. Native DNA molecules appear heterogeneous when analysed
      by gel electrophoresis. We have examined the nature of this apparent
      heterogeneity. Besides, this genome is shown here to contain three single
      stranded breaks, as revealed by different denaturation experiments: heating at 75
      degrees C, treatment with NaOH or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Labelling with
      terminal transferase proves that the 3' ends at these interruptions all have free
      hydroxyl groups. Electron microscopy and alkaline gel electrophoresis indicate
      that these three discontinuities are shared by both strands, and that they are
      not randomly located. S1 nuclease is active on CaMV DNA and generates three
      fragments. The comparison between the sizes of these fragments and of the
      products of denaturation leads us to consider that S1 acts at the level of the
      interruptions. We have determined that two of them, distant by one third genome
      unit, are in the same strand; the other is in the opposite strand, distant by one
      sixth genome unit from the nearest other one. The combined use of restriction
      enzymes and S1 nuclease has enabled us to locate these three discontinuities on
      the restriction map of the CaMV genome that we have otherwise established.

PMID- 693324
TI  - Biosynthesis and utilization of extensively undermethylated poly(A)+ RNA in CHO
      cells during a cycloleucine treatment.
AB  - The role of RNA methylations in the control of mRNA maturation and incorporation
      into polysomes has been investigated through a study of the effects in vivo of
      cycloleucine, a specific inhibitor of S-adenosyl-methionine mediated methylation.
      During the cycloleucine treatment, the rate of biosynthesis of hnRNA and its
      subsequent polyadenylation were only slightly reduced as compared with untreated
      cells. However a significant lag-time in the cytoplasmic appearance of poly(A)+
      undermethylated molecules was observed, in parallel with a transient shift in the
      average size of hnRNA towards higher molecular weight. Nevertheless, the total
      amount of pulse-labelled poly(A)+ mRNA transferred to cytoplasm after a long
      chase time (3 h.) was approximately the same for both cycloleucine-treated and
      control cells. Extensively undermethylated poly(A)+ cytoplasmic RNAs, possessing
      a 5' terminal cap were incorporated into polysomes in proportions very similar to
      control messenger molecules. These results suggest that a normal level of
      methylation is not stringently required for the production of the functional mRNA
      molecules although it appears to be of importance for the kinetics of the
      maturational process.

PMID- 693325
TI  - Transcription of nucleosomes from human chromatin.
AB  - Nucleosomes (chromatin subunits) prepared by micrococcal nuclease digestion of
      human nuclei are similar in histone content but substantially reduced in non
      histone proteins as compared to undigested chromatin. Chromatin transcription
      experiments indicate that the DNA in the nucleosomes is accessible to DNA
      dependent RNA polymerase in vitro. The template capacities of chromatin and
      nucleosomes are 1.5 and 10%, respectively, relative to high molecular weight DNA,
      with intermediate values for oligonucleosomes. Three distinct sizes of
      transcripts, 150, 120 and 95 nucleotides in length, are obtained when nucleosomes
      are used as templates. However, when nucleosomal DNA is used as a template, the
      predominant size of transcripts is 150 nucleotides. When oligonucleosomes are
      used as templates longer transcripts are obtained. This indicates that RNA
      polymerase can transcribe the DNA contained in the nucleosomes.

PMID- 693326
TI  - Excretion of newly synthesized DNA by tonsil lymphocytes.
AB  - The main part of newly synthesized DNA is preferentially released in vitro both
      by non-stimulated or phytohemagglutinin-stimulated tonsil lymphocytes. Freshly
      isolated cells excrete DNA faster than phytohemagglutinin-stimulated ones. The
      acid-precipitable 3H-thymidine lost can be accounted for in the culture medium as
      labeled, double stranded DNA isolated on hydroxyapatite column.

PMID- 693327
TI  - [Use of a standard algae test for the study of toxicity phenomena].

PMID- 693328
TI  - [Accumulation of lead in Phaseolus vulgaris in hydroponic culture].

PMID- 693329
TI  - [Results of treatment of tuberculosis in the light of criteria used by anti
      tuberculosis dispensaries].

PMID- 693330
TI  - [Effect of nitrogen oxides and products of their neutralization with gaseous
      ammonia on the mechanical properties of the lungs].

PMID- 693331
TI  - [The NBT test in children with recurrent respiratory tract infections treated
      balneologically].

PMID- 693332
TI  - [Value of the determination of dynamic changes in the test of spontaneous
      reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium for the early evaluation of the effectiveness
      of pneumonia treatment].

PMID- 693333
TI  - [Efficacy of inhalatory procedures as a prophylactic measure in workers exposed
      to industrial dusts].

PMID- 693334
TI  - [Case of mycobacteriosis caused by Mycobacterium intracellulare in a patient with
      pneumoconiosis].

PMID- 693335
TI  - [Coexistence of chondro-osteoplastic tracheobronchopathy, pulmonary tuberculosis
      and ozena].

PMID- 693336
TI  - [Diagnostic difficulties in a case of diffuse pulmonary lesions].

PMID- 693337
TI  - [Symptoms of chronic non-specific respiratory tract diseases in tuberculous
      patients and convalescents].

PMID- 693338
TI  - [Management of hyperammonemia in cor pulmonale by means of magnesium-potassium
      aspartate administration (Tromcardin)].

PMID- 693339
TI  - [Personal image of diseases in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 693340
TI  - [Premature discontinuation of treatment in tuberculosis hospitals of the closed
      health services system].

PMID- 693341
TI  - [Analysis of the causes of premature discontinuation of tuberculosis treatment in
      hospitals and sanatoria of the closed health services system].

PMID- 693342
TI  - [4 cases of bilateral optic neuritis in the course of ethambutol treatment].

PMID- 693343
TI  - [Bronchial adenoma].

PMID- 693344
TI  - [Morphometric studies of the bone tissue in the rat following administration of
      hydrazide, ethionamide and streptomycin].

PMID- 693345
TI  - [Myocardial infarct and acquired valvular heart diseases in autopsy material].

PMID- 693346
TI  - [Exploratory laparotomy and splenectomy in the diagnosis and therapy of Hodgkin's
      disease].

PMID- 693347
TI  - [Prostaglandins and lung function. III. Effect of prostaglandin E-2 on the
      bronchial tree in asthma].

PMID- 693348
TI  - [25-hydroxyvitamin D in chronic kidney diseases].

PMID- 693349
TI  - [Allergy to house dust in patients with asthma. IV. Positive skin test reactions
      to antigens of cockroaches in patients with housedust-induced asthma].

PMID- 693350
TI  - [Usefulness of thermography in the early diagnosis of venous thrombosis].

PMID- 693351
TI  - [Role of psychological factors in the development of organic diseases of internal
      organs].

PMID- 693352
TI  - [Drug resistance of environmental Vibrionaceae to selected antibiotics].

PMID- 693353
TI  - [Suspected pheochromocytoma and final diagnosis in patients with hypertension].

PMID- 693354
TI  - [Indomethacin treatment of different forms of glomerulonephritis in children].

PMID- 693355
TI  - [Daraprim in the prevention of recurrences of meningeal involvement in 2 children
      with acute leukemia followed up for about 8 years].

PMID- 693357
TI  - [Battered child syndrome in neurological practice].

PMID- 693356
TI  - [Acute hydrazine hydrate poisoning].

PMID- 693358
TI  - [Comparison of effectiveness of peritoneal dialysis using various volumes of
      dialyzing fluid. Comparative study].

PMID- 693359
TI  - [Prodromal symptoms and risk factors in coronary disease in the light of an
      analysis of sudden death].

PMID- 693360
TI  - [Hearing disorders in polycystic kidney].

PMID- 693361
TI  - [Usefulness of test cards in the evaluation of results in the treatment of spinal
      injuries].

PMID- 693362
TI  - [Internal pancreatic fistula resulting from penetrating giant gastric ulcer].

PMID- 693363
TI  - [Syndrome of mitral valve leaflets prolapse].

PMID- 693364
TI  - [Effect of disease on the patient's family].

PMID- 693365
TI  - [Effect of solutions used for replacement of fluid loss on the metabolism and
      structure of burn wounds].

PMID- 693366
TI  - [Serum immunoglobulin concentration in relation to smoking and symptoms of
      chronic bronchitis].

PMID- 693367
TI  - [Marfan's syndrome].

PMID- 693368
TI  - [Morphology of sperm in chronic alcoholics].

PMID- 693369
TI  - [Collodion baby as a sign of congenital ichthyotic erythroderma in newborn
      infants].

PMID- 693370
TI  - [Hypothyroidism and diabetes insipidus in the course of sarcoidosis].

PMID- 693371
TI  - [New method for recording of visual fields in patients with glaucoma. Use of
      electronic data processing].

PMID- 693372
TI  - [Plastic surgery of common bile duct stenosis using free flaps of omentum and
      tissue adhesives].

PMID- 693373
TI  - [Chorea in the course of systemic lupus erythematosus].

PMID- 693374
TI  - [Lactate concentration in venous blood in coronary arterial disease].

PMID- 693375
TI  - [Drug sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus in the years 1968-1976].

PMID- 693376
TI  - [Verapamil (Isoptin) in the treatment of arrhythmia].

PMID- 693378
TI  - [Activity of dopamine beta-hydroxylase in the serum of patients with essential
      hypertension].

PMID- 693377
TI  - [Lipoproteins in pneumonia in children].

PMID- 693379
TI  - [14-day long hospitalization of patients with acute myocardial infarct
      (management and rehabilitation)].

PMID- 693380
TI  - [Blood coagulation, fibrinolysis and kallikreinogenesis in diabetics with
      vascular complications treated with insulin or sulfonylurea derivatives].

PMID- 693381
TI  - [Choice of therapeutic methods during the 3d stage of Hodgkin's disease].

PMID- 693382
TI  - [Blood cadmium level in the population of Lodz].

PMID- 693384
TI  - [Emergency abdominal diseases in children with acute leukemia (appendectomy in a
      boy during remission from acute lymphoblastic leukemia)].

PMID- 693383
TI  - [Hyperbaric oxygenation therapy of spinal complications following parathyroid
      angiography].

PMID- 693385
TI  - [Serum lipoproteins in hypothyroidism].

PMID- 693386
TI  - [Effect of hydrochlorothiazide on calcium-magnesium parameters in patients with
      recurrent nephrolithiasis].

PMID- 693387
TI  - [Case of Romano-Ward syndrome].

PMID- 693388
TI  - [Cyproterone acetate in the treatment of hirsutism].

PMID- 693389
TI  - [Ovarian endometriosis: Its clinical and experimental aspects].

PMID- 693390
TI  - [Principles of clinical immunology. IV. Immunosuppression and immunostimulation].

PMID- 693391
TI  - [Assessment of the functional state of the liver in primary cardiomyopathy].

PMID- 693392
TI  - [Treatment of aplastic anemia with oxymetholone].

PMID- 693393
TI  - [Fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) in purulent cerebrospinal meningitis in
      children].

PMID- 693394
TI  - [Supplementary bleeding into the vitreous body].

PMID- 693395
TI  - [Effect of digestive tract hormones on gastric mucosa with particular reference
      to the regulation of its electric potential].

PMID- 693396
TI  - [Liquid crystals and their use in medicine].

PMID- 693397
TI  - [Training of basic health care physicians as a function of society's
      requirements].

PMID- 693399
TI  - [Antibodies anti-HBs in preparations of normal immunoglobulins].

PMID- 693398
TI  - [Leukocyte migration inhibition test in patients with viral hepatitis and chronic
      active hepatitis].

PMID- 693400
TI  - [Magnesium-ion concentration following Payne-De Wind jejunoileostomy for the
      treatment of extreme obesity].

PMID- 693401
TI  - [Physical efficiency of patients resuming work following acute myocardial
      infarct].

PMID- 693402
TI  - [3 cases of acute intermittent porphyria].

PMID- 693403
TI  - [Case of severe Stevens-Johnson syndrome following administration of Biseptol
      480].

PMID- 693404
TI  - [Case of lymphoma with skin reactions].

PMID- 693405
TI  - [Sphincteroplasty in the treatment of cholelithiasis complicated by acute
      pancreatitis].

PMID- 693407
TI  - [Surgical treatment of gastric ulcer].

PMID- 693406
TI  - [Hyperplastic changes and oral contraceptives in Anglo-Saxon countries].

PMID- 693408
TI  - [Complications following adrenalectomy].

PMID- 693409
TI  - [Angiopneumography and arteriography of laboratory preparations in experimental
      traumatic pulmonary hematomas].

PMID- 693410
TI  - [Delayed results of surgery in hiatal hernia].

PMID- 693411
TI  - [Role of glucagon in the treatment of acute pancreatitis].

PMID- 693412
TI  - [Diagnostic usefulness of peritoneal tap].

PMID- 693413
TI  - [Infection in acute intestinal obstruction].

PMID- 693414
TI  - [Complications following overlooked injuries of the retroperitoneal part of the
      duodenum].

PMID- 693415
TI  - [Effect of exclusive use of steel on sutures on the incidence of eventration
      following abdominal surgery].

PMID- 693416
TI  - [Extended radical surgery in the treatment of rectal carcinoma].

PMID- 693417
TI  - [Problems attending the treatment of arterial embolism].

PMID- 693418
TI  - [Acute pancreatitis and pancreatic carcinoma].

PMID- 693419
TI  - [Partial reduplication of the large intestine].

PMID- 693420
TI  - [Case of Peutz-Jeghers syndrome treated surgically].

PMID- 693421
TI  - [Rare case of right popliteal vein varix].

PMID- 693422
TI  - [Inguino-scrotal displacement of the intestine associated with peritoneal
      developmental anomaly].

PMID- 693423
TI  - [Postoperative complications following thyroidectomy for simple and hyperthyroid
      goiter at the teaching hospitals of the Medical Academy in Cracow and regional
      hospitals].

PMID- 693424
TI  - [Classification of reconstructive surgery of the whole esophagus using the large
      intestine and based on angiographic studies].

PMID- 693425
TI  - [Bile duct stenosis following surgery for gallstones].

PMID- 693426
TI  - [Analysis of early complications following surgery on arteries].

PMID- 693427
TI  - [Changes in carotid artery blood flow following its anastomosing to subclavian
      artery in experimentally created subclavian steal syndrome in dogs].

PMID- 693428
TI  - [Extracorporeal reconstructive surgery of a kidney with a coral calculus].

PMID- 693429
TI  - [Ureteral injury during herniotomy].

PMID- 693430
TI  - [Ileal intestine bypass surgery in the treatment of hypercholesteremia].

PMID- 693431
TI  - [Gallbladder calculosis and carcinoma complicated by gas gangrene].

PMID- 693432
TI  - [Injury of bile ducts and pancreatic ducts during gastrectomy performed for
      peptic ulcer].

PMID- 693433
TI  - [Results of devalgization and tectoplasty in the treatment of hip subluxation].

PMID- 693434
TI  - [Ureteral function in children with unilateral ureteral reflux and in children
      with unilateral nephrolithiasis].

PMID- 693435
TI  - [Mechanisms of metabolic regulation: development of concepts (author's transl)].

PMID- 693436
TI  - [Chromatin proteins of avian erythroid cells (author's transl)].

PMID- 693437
TI  - [Regulation of transcription in mammary gland during lactogenesis (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 693438
TI  - [Structure and biological properties of lectins (author's transl)].

PMID- 693439
TI  - [Corticotropic testing during long-term beclomethasone dipropionate treatment in
      asthmatic children].
AB  - The authors looked for undesirable side-effects in prolonged treatment with
      beclomethasone dipropionate aerosol (BDP) at the daily dose of 400 microgram in
      asthmatic children. Growth in height was not impaired, the height gain (5.35 +/-
      4.06 cm) not being statistically different from the theoretical gain (5.46 +/-
      2.94 cm) (t : 1.33 0.20 less than p less than 0.01). Testing the corticotropic
      chain at pituitary level by the L8VP test did not reveal any decrease in patients
      treated by BDP alone (delta of elevation of cortisolemia; 9.08 +/- 2.79
      microgram/100 ml, not very different from the controls 9.79 +/- 4.32
      microgram/100 ml). On the other hand, the results in patients with continuous or
      alternating conventional corticotherapy showed a corticotropic decrease (delta of
      elevation : 5.39 +/- 4.53 microgram/100 ml, a significant difference from the
      controls t : 7.54 p less than 0.001). In 5 of these observations, the repetition
      of L8VP testing revealed the progressive restauration of the corticotropic
      function together with the decrease and the stopping of conventional
      corticotherapy. The average cortisolemia of patients definitively off
      corticotherapy, before and after L8VP, was not significantly different from that
      of controls. The elevation delta of cortisolemia of deprived patients (9.30 +/-
      4.92 microgram/100 ml) become comparable to that of normal controls (9.79 +/-
      4.32 microgram/100 ml. The analysis of the main literature data, in agreement
      with the results presented here, showed that prolonged treatment with BDP had no
      harmful effect on height growth. There was no corticotropic decrease in a child
      unsubjected to previously conventional corticotherapy or after completely
      stopping the treatment.

PMID- 693440
TI  - [Short-term use of beclomethasone dipropionate in the treatment of spasmodic
      obstructive bronchopneumopathies].
AB  - Forty-two patients were treated with beclomethasone dipropionate in doses of 400
      microgram daily for no longer than three months. There were three main
      indications : attempt to withdraw corticosteroids or sympathomimetics ; treatment
      prior to desensitization ; treatment of asthma with severe permanent dyspnea. In
      8 patients, systemic steroids of sympathomimetic drugs could be withdrawn. Dosage
      could be reduced by 50% or more in 21 cases, and by less than 50% in 9 cases.
      There were 3 failures, and results were unassessable in one case. No major side
      effects were observed.

PMID- 693441
TI  - [Isolated cystic lymphangioma in the mediastinum].
AB  - Cystic lymphangioma localized only in the mediastinum is a rare type of primitive
      tumour (less than 1% of the mediastinum primitive tumours). These three new
      observations concern lymphangiomas with an anterior position ; therir anatomical
      connections with the lymphatic system are difficult to show. Treated by surgery
      these benign tumours have a good prognosis and only a few cases of local
      recurrences have been reported.

PMID- 693442
TI  - [Elementary precautions necessary for the validity of ventilatory function
      measurements with electronic spirometers].
AB  - The increase of morbidity rate of chronic bronchitis demonstrates the interest of
      an early check-up, in the free symptom phase of illness, because obstruction of
      small bronchii may be reversible, as it has been pointed out by previous
      longitudinal studies. These finding involve the use of simple devices, easy to
      manage and rebrabld. The three apparatus have been tested : Ohio 842 spirograph,
      Oude Delft expirometer and Chemetron Corporation P.F.I., in 165 patients. All of
      them have been compared to Jaeger spirometer. No good agreement has been found
      between expirometer, P.F.I. and Jaeger spirometer. But Ohio 842 spirograph values
      were quiet close to those observed with Jaeger spirometer. Electronic spirometers
      present a digital display without graphic recording or calibration. It has been
      difficult to detect errors at a first glance. Mostly they came from non linearity
      of response of thermistance, irregular expiratory flow, insufficient cooperation
      of patients.

PMID- 693443
TI  - [Bronchofibroscopy. 6 questions, 6 fundamental answers].
AB  - The authors report the aims, methods, techniques of sampling and the tolerance of
      broncho-fibroscopy, correlating literature and their personal experience of  a
      thousand examinations. They consider it a very simple examination which without
      any inconvenience can be used in very serious cases as well as for out-patients.
      They insist on the technique of biopsy and directed aspiration and demonstrate
      that with experience the yield of the method can be improved. They conclude by
      saying that a histo-cytological diagnosis can be made in 95% of cases of
      bronchial cancers. In their experience, tolerance to this examination is always
      very good.

PMID- 693444
TI  - [Our experience with bronchofibroscopy].
AB  - Five hundred and eighty three broncho-fibroscopies were performed by the authors.
      Tumoural pathology represents 60% of diagnostic indications. Histological samples
      have a satisfying yield : 72.4% for the whole tumoural pathology, 80% for
      primitive bronchial tumours. The comparison with the results of sampling done by
      bronchoscopy is in favour of broncho-fibroscopy, especially for distal
      localizations (62% of positive results against 47%). In respiratory intensive
      care, a place of its own should be given to bronchoaspiration, where this
      technique of tracheo-bronchial clearing seems well adapted.

PMID- 693446
TI  - [Value of selective pulmonary lavage under fibroscopic control in alveolar
      proteinosis].
AB  - The authors report the case of a 43 years old male with severe alveolar
      proteinosis : after failure of various treatments, they attempted a pulmonary
      lavage, using a fiberscope. The instrument was directed towards each lobar
      bronchus, one after the other, with a total of 20 lavages during a period of 4
      months. A saline isotonic solution was imposed through the fiberscope then
      collected using air vacuum. The results were satisfactory, this patient living
      his normal life since july 1976. The clinical, radiological, biological data
      remain normal on April 1978.

PMID- 693445
TI  - [Value of bronchopulmonary fibro-lavage in the treatment of severe suppurative
      pneumopathies].
AB  - The therapeutical use of bronchial fibroscopy is very promising. Already today it
      is much used in postsurgery atelectasies by obstruction or in suppurative
      atelectasies related to important infectious foci. It considerably improves the
      bronchial clearing previously done by blind aspiration or bronchoscopy. The
      coupling of this aspiration to a perfusion-lavage in severe suppurative bacterial
      pneumopathies yielded interesting results.

PMID- 693447
TI  - [Weaning a patient from the respirator (author's transl)].
AB  - Weaning a patient from the respirator should be started as early as possible. The
      right time when to stope artificial ventilation is determined by certain
      criteria. Pathological processes which might interfere with the weaning process
      should be corrected beforehand. Incipient septicaemia, peritonitis, circulatory
      instability and a marked postoperative or posttraumatic rise in intracranial
      pressure are extrapulmonary contraindications for weaning. Apart from
      conventional weaning, continuous positive airway pressure ventilation and
      intermittent mandatory ventilation are discussed.

PMID- 693448
TI  - [Postoperative changes of blood gases after uncomplicated abdominal surgery in
      geriatric patients (author's transl)].
AB  - In 34 elderly male and female patients undergoing upper abdominal surgery under
      general anaesthesia we investigated duration and degree of postoperative
      hypoxaemia. In this study only patients with no signs and symptoms of pulmonary
      or cardiac diseases, verified by normal lung function--vital capacity and FEV1, X
      ray and electrocardiographic findings were considered. Postoperative development
      was free of complications and temperature rises in all cases. The investigations
      showed occurrence of arterial hypoxaemia during the postoperative period with
      values near the lower limit where the organism must fall back on cardio
      circulatory reserve mechanisms in order to avoid general hypoxydosis. Regarding
      the restricted pulmonary and cardiac capacity for adaptation and compensation in
      geriatric patients, we recommend to prolong the practice of O2-application for
      two or three hours over a period of 24 to 48 hours, especially in patients with
      postoperative complications such as prolonged gastric atony, temperature,
      haemorrhage or cardiac and coronary insufficiency. This prolonged application of
      oxygen by mask or nasal tube should go parallel to other physiotherapeutic
      measures.

PMID- 693449
TI  - [Changes in pulmonary blood flow during surgery in the lateral position; a
      computer-scanning study (author's transl)].
AB  - The changes in blood flow in the pulmonary circulation arising from the lateral
      position during surgery were tested by means of 99mTc microspheres and a scanning
      camera computer system in 30 patients who had urological operations. Blood flow
      in the undermost lung increased by an average of 17% of the total pulmonary blood
      flow (SD = 8.0) in a group of 18 persons whose average age was 39.9 years. This
      redistribution occurred immediately after the patient was placed on his side and
      was more marked in younger persons than it was in older ones. Accompanying
      changes in O2 pressure showed no quantitative correlation with the changes in
      perfusion. The lateral position also affected ventilation by reducing ventilation
      of the undermost lung. This ventilatory disturbance which was demonstrable in
      more than 50% of the cases persisted for a short time after the operation whereas
      the pulmonary circulation returned to normal immediately after the patient
      resumed a normal position.

PMID- 693450
TI  - [Physical fundamentals of pressure measurement (author's transl)].
AB  - The important role of pressure-measurement for many diagnostic, surgical,
      critical care and biomedical research problems should not be underestimated. For
      high accurancy the good knowledge of the underlying physical and mathematical
      principles seems to be necessary. On the other hand many users need some quick
      and easy methods for units of pressure measurements testing and calibration of
      their pressure-measurements system. In this survey a small introduction to the
      units is followed by basic considerations about fluid-mechanics. Fourier-analysis
      and theory of transmission. (The influence of terms like "natural frequency",
      "damping" and "phase lag" are shown). After the description of the commonly used
      pressure-transducers some hints are given to check the systems even in small
      laboratories.

PMID- 693451
TI  - [Caval catheterization via the internal jugular vein (author's transl)].
AB  - Catheterization of the superior vena cava via the internal jugular vein with the
      indirect technique is practically always successful. The occurence of a
      pneumothorax is extremely rare. The special advantages of the indirect technique
      are: small puncture trauma, quick placement of the catheter in the superior vena
      cava and non-occurrence of false position. Heart irritations or even heart
      perforations are avoided because of standard catheter length respectively
      graduated catheters.

PMID- 693452
TI  - [Epidemiological and socio-medical problems assoicated with respiratory disorders
      in Switzerland (author's transl)].
AB  - Disorders of the respiratory tract account for about 13 percent of overall
      mortality in Switzerland, for about 50 percent of all hospital admissions and for
      about 7 percent of the nursing days. Cases of obstructive respiratory disease,
      pneumonia and carcinoma of the lung predominate. Morbidity regarding newly
      discovered cases of tuberculos is still 0.5 percent and 40 percent of the
      population are still positive reactors. BCG vaccination of newborns and of all
      tuberculin-negative schoolchildren is the approved prophylactic procedure.
      Periodic mass radiography of adults on a voluntary basis, aimed at the early
      diagnosis of pulmonary disorders, shows an incidence of 0.4/1 000 and of 0.3/1
      000 for new cases of tuberculosis and lung cancer respectively. Cases of chronic
      obstructive respiratory disease who require hospitalization for above-average
      length and are frequently on sick leave present special sociomedical problems.

PMID- 693453
TI  - [Pharmacokinetics of rifampicin in gastrectomized persons (author's transl)].
AB  - A laboratory method was developed whereby the presence of Rifampicin in the blood
      is determined microbiologically by means of a diffusion test. The organism used
      was Sarcina lutea. The tests established that the Rifampicin levels in the blood
      of pylorogastrectomized persons were significantly higher then they were in a
      normal control group. The daily changes in the Rifampicin levels were simulated
      and checked by analogue computer. The findings indicated that the increased
      absorption in gastrectomized persons cannot be due to accelerated passage and
      that it is presumably attributable to chemical and physical factors. The results
      are analysed statistically and summarized in graphs.

PMID- 693454
TI  - [Aetiology and treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax (author's transl)].
AB  - During the past 24 years 571 cases of spontaneous pneumothorax were observed in
      408 persons. The aetiology of spontaneous pneumothorax is reviewed. Diagnostic
      thoracoscopy followed by suction drainage is recommended. Bilateral tension
      pneumothorax and recurrent pneumothorax were treated by surgery. The preferential
      method was local or partial parietal pleurectomy. In some cases the pneumothorax
      was sealed by a dura graft. There was no substantial functional impairment and no
      post-thoracotomy death. The average lenght of treatment was 20 days.

PMID- 693455
TI  - [Improvement of role games by juvenile delinquents in social interaction through
      model-assisted role training].

PMID- 693456
TI  - [School stress in children?].

PMID- 693457
TI  - [Strokes (author's transl)].

PMID- 693458
TI  - [Reliability and importance of TPHA (author's transl)].

PMID- 693459
TI  - [Clinical findings, diagnosis and pathology of heart-tumors with special
      reference to myxoma (author's transl)].

PMID- 693460
TI  - [Treatments of different dermatoses with diflucortolonvalerat 0,1% (nerisona).
      Report on multicentric tests in Switzerland (author's transl)].

PMID- 693461
TI  - [Emergencies with old people (author's transl)].

PMID- 693462
TI  - [Relationship between various forms of prevention of thromboembolic complications
      and location of deep vein thrombi (author's transl)].

PMID- 693463
TI  - [Treatment of lymphoedemas after breast surgery with the vasculator unit
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 693464
TI  - [Haemophilusinfections (author's transl)].

PMID- 693465
TI  - [Hystology and cytology in dental research (author's transl)].

PMID- 693466
TI  - [Respiratory complications of severe acute Pancreatitis (author's transl)].

PMID- 693467
TI  - [A lamaistic formula for the treatment of peripheral arterial occlusive diseases
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 693468
TI  - [The therapy of the inflammatory diseases of the outer part of the eye (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 693469
TI  - Effect of secretin on colonic DNA synthesis.

PMID- 693470
TI  - Comparative immunochemical study of human erythrocyte glycoproteins.

PMID- 693471
TI  - Enzymes of oxidative metabolism in the human eosinophil.

PMID- 693472
TI  - Albumin excretion by the kidney: the effects of furosemide diuresis.

PMID- 693473
TI  - Effects of exogenous ATP on glucoregulation in vivo.

PMID- 693474
TI  - Isolated cardiac muscle performance during fluorocarbon immersion and effects of
      metabolic blockade.

PMID- 693475
TI  - Platelet hypoaggregability in hypothyroid rats.

PMID- 693476
TI  - Decrease in angiotensin I conversion by acute hypoxia in dogs.

PMID- 693477
TI  - Heterogeneity of renal mitochondria of the rat.

PMID- 693478
TI  - Effect of dietary cadmium on calcium metabolism in the rat during late gestation.

PMID- 693479
TI  - Genetic and environmental factors in cortisone induced cleft palate.

PMID- 693480
TI  - Changes in androstenedione, testosterone and protein metabolism as a result of
      exercise.

PMID- 693481
TI  - Metabolic sequelae of respiratory Q fever in the guinea pig.

PMID- 693482
TI  - Prostaglandin F2alpha prostaglandin E2, progesterone, 20alpha-dihydroprogesterone
      and ovarian 20alpha hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in preparturient pelvic
      neurectomized rats.

PMID- 693483
TI  - Parabiotic demonstration of a humoral factor affecting megakaryocyte size in
      Sl/Sld mice.

PMID- 693484
TI  - Human histidine-rich glycoprotein. II. Serum levels in adults, pregnant women and
      neonates.

PMID- 693485
TI  - Plasma half-lives of vasopressin and oxytocin analogs after iv injection in rats.

PMID- 693486
TI  - [3H]GABA transport into discrete subcellular fractions of the developing rat
      cortex: effect of methimazole.

PMID- 693487
TI  - Structure specific uptake and counter transport of taurine in isolated rat
      myocytes.

PMID- 693488
TI  - Chromaffin cell participation in the intrinsic neural regulation of the heart.

PMID- 693489
TI  - The effect of oligomycin on the functional properties of rabbit heart
      mitochondria.

PMID- 693491
TI  - The morphological effects of a single exposure of paraquat on the mouse lung.

PMID- 693490
TI  - The influence of biperiden, benztropine, physostigmine and diazepam on the
      convulsive effects of Cicuta douglasii.

PMID- 693492
TI  - Relative toxicity of materials in fire situations.

PMID- 693493
TI  - Effect of individual gaseous toxicants on mice.

PMID- 693494
TI  - Interaction of inhaled sulfur dioxide with mucus glycoproteins.

PMID- 693495
TI  - ALC50 values for materials under pyrolysis conditions.

PMID- 693496
TI  - Effect of heating rate on pyrolysis gas toxicity of synthetic polymers and
      elastomers.

PMID- 693498
TI  - Hepatotoxicity of pargyline hydrochloride.

PMID- 693497
TI  - The effects of hypoxia and indomethacin on the responsiveness of fetal and
      neonatal mesenteric arteries to epinephrine.

PMID- 693499
TI  - Active site stoichiometry of native forms of eel acetylcholinesterase.

PMID- 693500
TI  - Relationship between anti-inflammatory, antiproteolytic and antihemolytic
      properties of some newer substituted S-triazole-2-thiols.

PMID- 693501
TI  - Inhibition of liver gluconeogenesis and CO2 production in both heart and liver by
      cyclopropane carboxylic acid in vitro.

PMID- 693502
TI  - Thyroid hormone potentiation of primaquine induced fluorescent chromolipid
      formation in erythrocytes.

PMID- 693503
TI  - The effects of coumadin on the prothrombin (factor II) coagulation pathway in
      man: relationship between antigen and activity levels.

PMID- 693505
TI  - Use of cholesterol esters (liquid crystals) for detection of internal hemorrhage.

PMID- 693504
TI  - Prostaglandin production in the rat tail artery and vein.

PMID- 693506
TI  - A new class of angiotensin II analogs: substitution of sarcosine in position 7.

PMID- 693507
TI  - A structure activity relationship study on the effects of L-dopa and some
      metabolites on voluntary intake of ethanol solution by the rat.

PMID- 693508
TI  - D-amphetamine, imipramine and ethanol metabolizing enzymes.

PMID- 693509
TI  - Sex differences in the response of several lipogenic enzymes to chronic ethanol
      ingestion.

PMID- 693510
TI  - Effects of aminophylline on ethanol preference of rodents.

PMID- 693511
TI  - The influence of chronic long term alcohol abuse on testosterone secretion in men
      and rats.

PMID- 693512
TI  - Verification of pentobarbital induced sedation by a new real time method of EEG
      computer analysis.

PMID- 693513
TI  - Thioridazine-R-sulfoxide and EKG abnormalities.

PMID- 693514
TI  - Sex related differences in the physiological disposition of amphetamine and its
      metabolites in the rat.

PMID- 693515
TI  - Studies on the pharmacokinetics of hexylcaine hydrochloride in man and the mouse.

PMID- 693516
TI  - Microsomal peroxidase: interrelationship with the hepatic drug metabolizing
      system.

PMID- 693517
TI  - Histamine in the central nervous system.

PMID- 693518
TI  - Effects of met5-enkephalin and naloxone on spontaneous seizures in the Mongolian
      gerbil.

PMID- 693519
TI  - Neuroendocrine responses to benzomorphans (cyclazocine, ketocyclazocine and WIN
      35, 197-2) in the rat.

PMID- 693520
TI  - Single dose tolerance and cross tolerance studies with the endorphins in isolated
      guinea pig ileum.

PMID- 693521
TI  - A model for the rapid induction of barbiturate tolerance.

PMID- 693522
TI  - Self-administration of amphetamine, secobarbital and methaqualone in the dog.

PMID- 693523
TI  - Detection of pterin-6-aldehyde in urines of a healthy population.

PMID- 693524
TI  - Cyclophosphamide chemotherapy of intrapulmonarily implanted Lewis lung carcinoma.

PMID- 693526
TI  - Biological effects of ultrasound: the ultrasonic immersion stress test.

PMID- 693525
TI  - The effect of cyclophosphamide (CPA) on the anamnestic response to sheep red
      blood cells (SRBC) in the NZB-W mouse.

PMID- 693527
TI  - A comparative study on the behavioral response of offspring of female rats
      chronically treated with methadone and morphine.

PMID- 693528
TI  - Effects of carbon monoxide on two behavioral measures in the rat.

PMID- 693529
TI  - Effects of ethanol and carbon monoxide on two measures of behavioral
      incapacitation of rats.

PMID- 693530
TI  - Effects of ketones on lever-pressing behavior of rats.

PMID- 693531
TI  - Naloxone suppression of food and water intake in deprived rats.

PMID- 693532
TI  - Defibrinogenation studies with crotalase: possible clinical applications.

PMID- 693533
TI  - Actions of microiontophoretically applied ketamine.

PMID- 693534
TI  - Quantitative analysis of ketamine enantiomers.

PMID- 693535
TI  - Localization of catecholamine degrading enzymes in the rat heart.

PMID- 693536
TI  - An evaluation of liver toxicity in rainbow trout following treatment with
      monochlorobenzene.

PMID- 693537
TI  - Effects of vitamin E deficiency on tissue lead deposition and on hepatic xanthine
      dehydrogenase activity in the mallard duck.

PMID- 693538
TI  - An effect of zinc and nickel on growth of the juvenile guppy Poecilia reticulata.

PMID- 693539
TI  - Histochemical effects of kainic acid on neostriatal dopamine and
      acetylcholinesterase.

PMID- 693540
TI  - Rate rhythm and voltage dependent effects of aprindine: a test of a model of the
      mechanisms of action of antiarrhythmic drugs.

PMID- 693541
TI  - Rate, rhythm and voltage dependent effects of phenytoin: a test of a model of the
      mechanisms of action of antiarrhythmic drugs.

PMID- 693542
TI  - Observations on the nature of the voltage shift of antiarrhythmic drugs.

PMID- 693543
TI  - Effects of cesium and barium on depolarization: induced automaticity in
      ventricular myocardium.

PMID- 693544
TI  - Effects of imipramine on spontaneous rate and chronotropic responses to
      transmural stimulation in isolated right atrial preparations.

PMID- 693545
TI  - Effect of adaptation to simulated altitude upon the in vitro response of rat
      cardiac muscle to barbiturate and ethanol.

PMID- 693546
TI  - Characteristics of contractile responses of the rabbit aortic strip to
      norepinephrine entering through the adventitia or through the intima.

PMID- 693547
TI  - Effects of alcohol on kindled seizure thresholds in rats.
AB  - Seizures were kindled in the amygdala and ventral hippocampus of rats until a
      stage 5 (clonic convulsion) was elicited. Stage 5 thresholds were than
      determined. Animals were then injected with either saline, or a 600 mg/kg, or
      1600 mg/kg dose of 25% ethanol. The effect of each of these injections on seizure
      thresholds was assessed. The 1600 mg/kg dose caused a significant elevation in
      both AD and motor seizure thresholds, relative to the 600 mg/kg dose and saline,
      which did not differ. The elevation of seizure thresholds was significantly
      greater for animals with seizures kindled in the ventral hippocampus.

PMID- 693548
TI  - Parameters of the dorsal bundle extinction effect: previous extinction
      experience.
AB  - Lesion to the dorsal noradrenergic bundle using the selective neurotoxin 6
      hydroxydopamine which depleted telencephalic noradrenaline to less than 5% of
      control values was found to cause prolonged responding in extinction of a
      continuously reinforced (CRF) operant lever pressing response (a further
      replication of the dorsal bundle extinction effect). The parameters involved in
      causing this effect). The parameters involved in causing this effect were
      investigated, particularly the role of previous extinction experience. Although
      resistance to extinction was seen the first time animals were placed in
      extinction, it disappeared when they were retrained on CRF and extinguished a
      second time. Experience of extinction as part of the acquisition process, brought
      about by training on a successive visual discrimination, also prevented the
      development of over-responding in subsequent extinction. These results are
      discussed in the context of related demonstrations of the absence of the dorsal
      bundle extinction effect after partially reinforced acquistion training.

PMID- 693549
TI  - Stress-produced analgesia and morphine-produced analgesia: lack of cross
      tolerance.
AB  - Animals exposed to cold-water swims, rotation, inescapable shocks, abrupt food
      deprivation and other stressors display temporary analgesia. Since repeated
      exposures result in adaptation of this analgesia in much the same way that
      repeated administration of opiates results in tolerance, the possibility of cross
      tolerance between cold-water stress-induced and morphine-induced analgesia was
      investigated. Flinch-jump thresholds were determined in ten experimental groups
      of six rats each. Three groups showed dose-dependent analgesia following single
      injections of morphine at 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg, respectively. A fourth group,
      subjected to a single cold-water swim at 2 degrees C for 3.5 min, displayed
      analgesia comparable to that produced by 10 mg/kg of morphine. Groups subjected
      either to 14 daily cold-water swims or to 14 daily morphine injections at 10
      mg/kg showed normal thresholds on the 14th day indicating that adaptation and
      tolerance had developed, respectively. The cross-over groups were exposed to
      either 13 days of could-water swims followed by morphine or the reverse
      arrangement. Both groups showed profound analgesia instead of cross-tolerance,
      suggesting that a non-opiate neural mechanism may mediate stress-induced
      analgesia.

PMID- 693550
TI  - Dose-dependent reductions by naloxone of analgesia induced by cold-water stress.
AB  - Animals exposed to cold-water swims, rotation, or inexcapable shocks, display
      analgesia comparable to that of 10 mg/kg of morphine. The present study
      investigated whether a narcotic antagonist would eliminate analgesia induced by
      cold-water swims. In one group of 12 rats, naloxone at 0, 1, 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg
      was administered at weekly intervals immediately preceding forced cold-water
      swims (2 degrees C for 3.5 min) and alterations in flinch-jump thresholds were
      determined 30 min thereafter. In a second group of six rats, the effects of the
      same dose range of naloxone were determined upon normal flinch-jump thresholds.
      Naloxone dose-dependently attenuated the cold-water swim-induced analgesia up to
      a maximal reduction of 50% at 20 mg/kg. In contrast, all doses of naloxone had no
      effects upon normal flinch-jump thresholds. Since low doses of naloxone
      completely abolish morphine-induced analgesia, the present data suggest that the
      analgesia induced by stress is not identical to that of opiates.

PMID- 693551
TI  - Direct and pituitary-mediated effects of delta9-THC and cannabinol on the testis.

PMID- 693552
TI  - Differential effects of ketamine on schedule-controlled responding and motility.
AB  - Male Sprague-Dawley reats were trained to bar press for food reinforcement on an
      FI-300 sec schedule. Ketamine (7.5 mg/kg, IP) significantly increased response
      rates of both drug-naive and drug-experienced rats for the first 10 min after
      injection. With a 15.0 mg/kg dose of ketamine, response rates decreased
      significantly during the first 10 min after injection, irrespective of prior drug
      experience, but increased significantly above control thereafter in drug
      experienced animals. Both doses of ketamine enhanced spontaneous locomotor
      activity significantly, irrespective of prior drug experience. Differences in the
      time course and dose dependency of these effects suggest that ketamine stimulates
      schedule-controlled responding and spontaneous locomotor activity via different
      neuropharmacologic mechanisms.

PMID- 693553
TI  - Effects of atropine on conditioned taste aversion.
AB  - Atropine sulfate, which has a deleterious effect on various learning tasks, was
      found to have a similar effect on the acquisition of conditioned taste aversion.
      Thus, intraperitoneal injection of atropine sulfate shortly before tasting was
      found to interfere with conditioning of the aversion, but injection of atropine
      after tasting did not. The interference effect was also obtained with
      intraventricular administration of atropine sulfate, but not with intraperitoneal
      injection of the peripherally-acting atropine methylnitrate. These results show
      that central rather than peripheral mechanisms are involved in this effect, and
      suggest that conditioned taste aversion, like other kinds of learning, involves
      cholinergic mediation.

PMID- 693554
TI  - Bimodal distributions of highest ethanol acceptance concentrations in two strains
      of rats.
AB  - Two groups of non-deprived male Wistar rats and one group of male Sprague-Dawley
      rats were offered a choice of water and daily-increasing concentrations of
      ethanol. Each group's distribution of highest ethanol acceptance concentrations
      approximated a bimodal distribution with respect to concentration. Further, rats
      in each group which drank ethanol at high concentrations maintained relatively
      constant intakes of pure ethanol. These results are discussed in terms of taste
      and olfaction, central nervous system sensitivity and emotionality.

PMID- 693555
TI  - Effects of cimetidine on stress ulcer and gastric acid secretion in the rat.
AB  - Cimetidine at 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg significantly inhibited gastric acid
      secretion in rats with chronic gastric cannulas. Rats receiving either 50 or 100
      mg/kg of cimetidine secreted significantly less gastric acid 3 hr after
      injection. Cimetidine failed to reduce the number or size of gastric lesions in
      rats exposed to the activity-stress procedure, but cimetidine at 100 mg/kg
      significantly reduced the number and size of gastric lesions in rats subjected to
      a supine restraint procedure.

PMID- 693556
TI  - Differential effects of convulsants on visually evoked responses in the albino
      rat.
AB  - Visually evoked responses (VERs) were recorded from primary visual cortex in
      unanesthetized albino rats during pharmacological modulation by one of the
      following convulsant agents: Physostigmine, picrotoxin, strychnine and Metrazol.
      The data were analyzed in terms of effects on VER components. The rat VER
      consists of six distinct waves constituted by three positive peaks (P1--P3) and
      three negative peaks (N1--N3). Results indicate a differential convulsant action
      on VER components. The administration of picrotoxin, resulted in a suppression of
      the peak amplitude of P1--N1 and delayed peak latencies of all components.
      Strychnine reliably shortened P1, N1 and P2 peak latencies, significantly
      increased N3 peak latency and only suppressed P3--N3 amplitude. Physostigmine
      essentially suppressed all component amplitudes but only increased peak latencies
      for P2 and P3 components. Metrazol, in general, was found to be relatively
      ineffective in the alteration of any VER component in a systematic manner. The
      data are discussed in terms of differential modes of convulsant action on the
      visual system. The results are likewise discussed with respect to their
      implications for convulsant modulation of photically evoked after-discharges.

PMID- 693557
TI  - levo-Alpha-acetylmethadol and metabolites: some effects on schedule-controlled
      behavior in the rat.
AB  - The behavioral effects of acute IP administration of 1-alpha-acetylmethadol, its
      metabolites, 1-alpha-noracetylmethadol and 1-alpha-dinoracetylmethadol, and
      morphine were studied in the rat using behavior controlled by a fixed-interval
      schedule of food reinforcement. Administraiton of all compounds produced a dose
      related decrease in response rate. The metabolites were approximately three to
      four times the potency of the parent compound which was approximately five times
      the potency of morphine. Data obtained from cumulative response records suggested
      that the onset of effects for the metabolites was more rapid than for the parent
      compound.

PMID- 693558
TI  - Schedule induction and sweetness as factors in ethanol consumption and preference
      by rats.
AB  - The separate and joint effects of spaced feeding of small portions of the daily
      food ration (schedule induction) and sweetening of one or the other fluid by 0.2%
      sodium saccharin on the consumption and selection of water and a 5% ethanol
      solution were examined in three groups of four male, hooded rats. Fluids were
      available simultaneously throughout 50-min sessions during which 50 Noyes 45-mg
      pellets were available either altogether at the beginning of each session or
      singly at 60-sec intervals. Water was available in home cages. Each group
      experienced a different sequence of procedures that provided alternation and
      replication of critical conditions. Sweetening increased consumption of the
      sweetened fluid and suppressed consumption of the unsweetened fluid. Spaced
      feeding raised consumption of the preferred fluid. Exceptionally high levels of
      consumption were recorded when one or the other fluid was sweetened and food
      presentation was intermittent.

PMID- 693559
TI  - Lead-produced changes in the relative rate of open field activity of laboratory
      rats.
AB  - Four groups of rats, continuously exposed to one of two lead acetate solutions,
      ad lib water or a limited amount of water, were tested for three daily 5 min
      periods on the open field. The effects of treatment on activity, relative to
      animals drinking ad lib water, depended upon the concentration of the lead
      acetate solution. Animals exposed to a 10(-4) M lead acetate solution showed
      increased overall activity while animals exposed to a 10(-2) M lead acetate
      solution showed changes in the relative rate of activity. Activity was not
      affected by limiting the amount of water consumed. These findings illustrate the
      importance of recording activity in a manner which allows assessment of changes
      in activity as well as absolute level.

PMID- 693560
TI  - Angiotensin-induced drinking: sexual differences.
AB  - The dipsogenic effect of Angiotensin-II (A-II) in relation to sexual variables
      was studied. It was found that Angiotensin-II administered SC constitutes a
      stimulus which induces more drinking in females than in males. Moreover, the
      adult females show maximum sensitivity to A-II during proestrus. The males and
      females castrated at birth, and females androgenized at birth, drink similar
      volumes of water after A-II SC injection. The pattern of stimulated intake is
      different in the two sexes, and appears to depend upon the development of the
      rats.

PMID- 693561
TI  - Cocaine-induced conditioned taste aversions in rats.
AB  - In two separate studies cocaine hydrochloride at doses between 10--36 mg/kg was
      found to induce a dose-related conditioned taste aversion (C.T.A.) to saccharin,
      and to be an effective conditioning agent even when injections of the drug were
      delayed 90 min after saccharin intake. These data contrast with conditioning
      agent when unjectuons of the drug were delayed 90 min after saccharin intake.
      These data contrast with an earlier report [3] which suggested that cocaine was
      totally devoid of aversive properties. However, they do indicate that cocaine is
      only a weak aversion-inducing agent. In contrast to other drugs, the doses of
      cocaine which are required to induce a C.T.A. are very large relative to those
      commonly employed in behavioural studies. The weak potency of cocaine in inducing
      C.T.A. may be related to the drug's marked potency in the self-administration
      paradigm. Some possible determinants of cocaine's weak effects are discussed.

PMID- 693562
TI  - Tetrahydrocannabinol and acetylcholinesterase.
AB  - Recent evidence suggests that the psychoactive effect of delta-9
      tetrahydrocannabinol (delta9-THC), the major psychoactive constituent of
      marihuana, may be mediated through an alteration of cholinergic
      neurotransmission. One possible mechanism by which delta9-THC could have its
      effect is by affecting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and there is evidence that has
      suggested that this may be an important mechanism. The results reported in the
      present study have shown that there is no physiologically important interaction
      between AChE and delta9-THC or its metabolites that could explain its
      psychoactive effects or the profound clinical depression observed when human
      marihuana users are administered the cholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine.

PMID- 693564
TI  - Urinary excretion of some n-hexane metabolites.

PMID- 693563
TI  - Blockade of both pilocarpine and amphetamine-induced head-shaking with dopamine
      receptor antagonists.
AB  - The range of central dopaminergic mechanisms involved in both d-amphetamine- and
      pilocarpine-induced head-shaking was studied in 7--9 days old rats by means of
      two DA antagonists: pimozide and spiroperidol. Both blocking agents exert their
      effects on H--S following dose-response curves which are similar, whatever the
      drug used to evoke head-shaking. A complete blocking effect on H--S is reached
      with pimozide at a dose of 2 mg kg-1; with spiroperidol at 0.1 mg kg-1 (for
      pilocarpine-induced H--S) and at 0.2 mg kg-1 (for H--S evoked by d-amphetamine).
      These results, together with those previously reported, suggest that dopaminergic
      and cholinergic facilitatory influences on H--S seem to be organized in series.

PMID- 693565
TI  - Effect of anorexiant drugs on growth hormone secretion in obese children.

PMID- 693566
TI  - Differential response of brain PGF2alpha synthesis to methionine sulfoximine in
      respect of other convulsant drugs.

PMID- 693567
TI  - Anti-endotoxin actions of methylprednisolone in the isolated perfused cat liver.
AB  - The efficacy of the synthetic glucocorticoid, methylprednisolone, was examined in
      vitro using an isolated cat liver perfused with a blood-free medium. Addition of
      endotoxin (75 microgram/g tissue) to the perfusate did not change perfusion
      pressure or total oxygen consumption. However, cellular integrity was severely
      compromised as reflected by increases in perfusate lactate dehydrogenase and
      cathepsin D activities, increases in tissue lysosomal fragility, and enlargement
      and vacuolization of lysosomes. Addition of methylprednisolone (1 x 10(-3) M) to
      the perfusion medium prevented the endotoxin-induced changes in hepatocyte
      integrity. It is suggested that a major action of endotoxin in the liver is to
      increase lysosomal fragility, and the protective action of methylprednisolone
      appears to be related to its lysosomal stabilizing action. The potent anti
      endotoxin action of glucocorticoids in vivo may be due in part to the
      stabilization of lysosomal membranes in tissues such as the liver.

PMID- 693568
TI  - Benzo(a)pyrene metabolism and plasma elimination rates of phenacetin, acetanilide
      and theophylline in man.
AB  - The plasma elimination rates of phenacetin, acetanilide and theophylline have
      been determined in 32 healthy subjects in an effort to find drugs resembling in
      their metabolism the carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene. The plasma half-lives and
      metabolic clearance rates of the three drugs were correlated with the
      inducibilities of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) in mitogen-stimulated
      lymphocytes and the plasma half-lives and metabolic clearance rates of antipyrine
      determined in previous studies. Statistically significant correlations were found
      between the half-lives and metabolic clearance rates of phenacetin, acetanilide
      and theophylline and the AHH ratios except for the metabolic clearance rates of
      phenacetin which did not correlate. The correlations of the three drugs with the
      half-lives and metabolic clearance rates of antipyrine were equally good. Of all
      the drugs tested thus far for similarity in metabolism to benzo(a)pyrene,
      antipyrine showed the best association followed closely by theophylline.

PMID- 693570
TI  - The great zebra hunt: a view of internal medicine from the walk-in clinic.

PMID- 693569
TI  - Effects of chronic methadone treatment on maternal body weight and food and water
      consumption in rats.
AB  - Body weight gain and food and water consumption of female rats receiving daily
      methadone injections (5 mg/kg) intraperitoneally prior to mating and during
      gestation and lactation were studied. In contrast to saline-injected mothers,
      methadone-treated females had lower body weights throughout pregnancy, but gained
      weight during lactation; by postnatal day 21, both groups were of comparable body
      weight. No significant differences in food consumption throughout gestation or
      lactation were recorded. Total water consumption of methadone-treated rats was
      higher during the first 2 weeks of gestation and lactation, and lower during the
      3rd week of lactation when compared to controls. These results demonstrate that
      methadone-treated rats have lower body weights throughout gestation and
      lactation, and that these weight deficits are not caused by insufficient food and
      water consumption.

PMID- 693571
TI  - Three ohs.

PMID- 693572
TI  - Noncompliance: its origins, manifestations, and management.

PMID- 693574
TI  - Eradicating smallpox.

PMID- 693573
TI  - Books on bioethics--a commentary.

PMID- 693575
TI  - Searching for smallpox.

PMID- 693576
TI  - Cardiac rehabilitation. An overview.
AB  - The paper is intended to acquaint physical therapists with the theory and
      practice of cardiac rehabilitation, which is often prescribed for patients who
      have coronary heart disease, and the therapists' responsibilities in this effort.
      The related exercise physiology literature is reviewed, and physiological,
      psychological, physical, and prognostic advantages of cardiac rehabilitation are
      described. Cardiac rehabilitation is presented in three phases: acute care,
      outpatient, and further conditioning programs. The protocols for exercise testing
      and programs of progressive activity are discussed, with emphasis upon the role
      of physical therapists. Data collected at Tufts New England Medical Center
      demonstrating the measurable effects of cardiovascular training for patients with
      coronary heart disease ar presented.

PMID- 693577
TI  - Stretch reflex of the biceps and brachioradialis muscles in patients with upper
      motor neuron syndrome.
AB  - The position of elbow flexion commonly observed in patients with upper motor
      neuron lesions is attributed by many clinicians to hyperactive stretch reflexes.
      The purpose of this study was to examine the passive stretch reflexes of the
      biceps and brachioradialis muscles in order to assess their possible relative
      contributions to the flexion posture. Twenty-one patients with upper motor neuron
      lesions were tested, using an automated system to produce controlled passive
      movement strech reflexes. Ratios derived from the electromyographic activity
      elicited during passive movement were used for quantitative comparisons. The
      stretch reflex response of the brachioradialis muscle was larger and earlier than
      the biceps response. A surprising finding was reciprocal activity in these two
      synergists following phasic stretch.

PMID- 693579
TI  - Chest physical therapy procedures in open heart surgery.
AB  - Chest physical therapy is now widely used after open heart surgery to prevent
      secondary pathology in the lungs and to improve the phhysical condition of the
      patient. A brief overview of cardiac surgery is presented. Factors occurring
      before, during, and after surgery that contribute to postoperative respiratory
      insufficiency are outlined, and a comprehensive three-phase treatment program is
      described. Also, treatment guidelines, precautions, and contraindications are
      discussed.

PMID- 693578
TI  - Sensory dysfunction in children who toe walk.
AB  - In order to formulate a hypothesis regarding the etiology of toe walking, the
      sensory processing abilities of 17 mentally retarded children who toe walk were
      examined. A galvanic skin response was used to compare reactions of the mentally
      retarded children and a group of normal children to a variety of sensory stimuli.
      Galvanic skin response testing did not reveal significant differences between the
      two groups in processing sensory input. Scores of the mentally retarded children
      from a postrotary nystagmus test were compared to values for normal children of
      the same age, and the results indicated that vestibular dysfunction was present
      in all of the subjects. We hypothesize that children may toe walk to increase
      somatosensory input to the lateral vestibular nucleus (Deiter's) and the  lateral
      vestibulospinal tract to facilitate support tone in the lower extremities during
      walking.

PMID- 693580
TI  - Prevention of electrical shock hazards in physical therapy.
AB  - Basic electrical safety information for the physical therapist is presented, and
      the most hazardous areas in a physical therapy clinic are identified. Physical
      therapy modalities are no safer than the power receptacle (wall outlet) into
      which they are plugged. High frequency physical therapy equipment should never be
      operated without a three-prong polarized plug and a matching polarized wall
      receptacle. Three-to-two prong adapters must never be used. Hydrotherapy is an
      especially dangerous area and should be equipped with ground fault detector
      receptacles with ground fault interrupters that cut the current when the
      electrical ground is lost. Ultrasound leakage current measurements on many older
      ultrasound units may now exceed today's acceptable standards. An external
      isolation transformer may be required to modify older ultrasonic units before
      they meet present standards. Physical therapists must never assume that rountine
      electrical safety inspections are being conducted by hospital maintenance
      personnel. The physical therapist is responsible for ensuring that all hazardous
      areas are rountinely checked for electrical safety.

PMID- 693581
TI  - Device to assist ambulation.

PMID- 693583
TI  - Bylaws. American Physical Therapy Association.

PMID- 693582
TI  - Dental water irrigating device used for cleaning decubitus ulcers.

PMID- 693584
TI  - [Blood flow in the venous system].
AB  - Return circulation is studied by describing observed flow solutions: --The
      direction of the flow is orthograde from the periphery to the right heart, but
      there ar some inversions. --This permanent flow allows numerous transitory
      interruptions. --This is a modulated flow, becoming oscillatory in the central
      veins, and therefore "non-stationary". --Its condition is not exactly laminar.
      Finally, the venous circulation could be called a "slow-speed system".

PMID- 693585
TI  - [Thermal test of reactive hyperemia: a propos of an objective study of pyridinol
      carbamate].
AB  - The thermal test of reactive hyperhemia (TTHR) gives a global and reliable
      appreciation of the cutaneous microcirculation, the importance of which is well
      known. In this study, sixty-one subjects were treated for from one month to one
      year with pyridinol-carbamate. The TTHR was modified in seventy-nine per cent of
      the cases, showing a considerable and lasting improvement. The clinical symptoms
      followed a comparable evolution.

PMID- 693586
TI  - [Cardiac causes of acute ischemia of lower limbs].
AB  - Acute ischemias of the legs of cardiac origin are almost always due to leg
      embolus caused by fragmentation of an endoauricular or left venticular
      thrombosis. The two main causes are easily recognized: mitral narrowing and
      ventricular aneurysm are seldom accompanied by seeding, because a prophylactic
      treatment with anti-vitamin K is started as soon as the diagnosis is made. Use of
      prosthetic valves, despite constant improvement in their manufacture and
      systematic administration of anticoagulant drugs, are always complicated by
      embolisms (4 to 7% of cases at present). On the other hand, two causes of leg
      embolisms should be carefully sought since they give rise to revealing seedings.
      Non-obstructive cardiomyopathy gives a picture of primitive cardiac insufficiency
      developing progressively. Paroxysmal supraventricular rhythm disorders may be
      completely overlooked, and only an electrocardiogram continued during 24 hours
      allows their detection. Embolisms which do not involve the legs, are secondary.
      Seeding of a chalky fragment from a stenotic aortic valve is very rare. On the
      other hand, embolisms of anauricular fragment of myxoma and especially membranous
      embolisms during infectious endocarditis, are not so rare.

PMID- 693587
TI  - [Vascular emergencies in acute disease of the leg].
AB  - The author essentially studies the urgent surgical nature of embolism and
      thrombosis. As far as embolism is concerned, he insists on the importance of
      arteriography. When done during surgery, it makes it possible to determine the
      existence of unrecognized embolic clots, which would prevent a good distal reflux
      from being noted. As for thrombosis, the arterial system (common, superficial and
      deep) is considered as a whole. This system can be made visible only through
      arteriography, but it must also be explored by techniques which disclose the
      hemodynamic conditions of the distal sector.

PMID- 693588
TI  - [Acute irreversible ischemia].

PMID- 693589
TI  - [Irreversible acute muscular ischemia].
AB  - Between ischemias healing without sequelae and those requiring amputation, a
      place whould be reserved for the irreversible muscular ischemias of leg muscles,
      where the limb can still be preserved by excision of more or less large segments
      of muscles. These muscular necroses are mainly observed in the ischemias seen
      during the late stages, but sometimes also at an early stage following massive
      obstruction of poorly supplied or distal arteries. Treatment of these arterial
      obstructions with irreversible muscle ischemias is more complex than that of
      cases seen at an early stage and follows precise rules. It includes in particular
      muscular excisions most often in the anterior and external parts of the leg,
      which cause moderate functional sequelae. These excisions limit the risk of the
      septic or biological complications of revascularization in ischemias seen at a
      late stage.

PMID- 693590
TI  - [Apropos of 82 cases of acute arterial obliteration in geriatrics].

PMID- 693591
TI  - [Considerations on the role of the so-called non-invasive investigations: Doppler
      effect, rheography and labeled fibrinogen testi in acute arterial and venous
      leg].
AB  - The author outlines the first results obtained with Doppler investigation in
      arterial and venous emergencies. He analyzed thereafter the Kakkar test, through
      which he can detect acute venous more easily than with Doppler. He insists on the
      difficulty of detecting through either one of these methods, some cases of
      thrombosis located in the abdominal veins.

PMID- 693593
TI  - [Acute primary lymphedema?].
AB  - The author studied the acute outset of edema in 6 out of 327 cases of chronic
      lymphedema and insists on the diagnostic relevance of such manifestations in
      cases of acute swelling of the legs.

PMID- 693592
TI  - [Acute ischemic ulcer].
AB  - Acute ischemic ulcers are real superficial skin infarcts due to capillary
      thrombosis. The remainder of the limb has a satisfactory blood supply and healing
      may be obtained, whatever the eetent of the ulcers, by methods aimed at
      correcting the general disorders in question and by local treatments in
      preparation for skin grafts. The prognosis of these ulcers is not as bad as that
      of chronic arteritis ulcers, which are caused by an important hypovascularization
      of the limb.

PMID- 693594
TI  - [Restless legs syndrome].
AB  - The restless legs syndrome is restlessness of the extremities, particularly the
      legs. It occurs mainly during the hours before going to sleep or during the sleep
      and it frequently causes a refractory insomnia. The patients feel a typical,
      almost indefinable, particuliar crawling sensation reminiscent of the movement of
      worms. The intensity of this feeling may vary from time to time. From literature
      and our experience we concluded that this syndrome is not a disease of itself but
      an early symptom of an intoxication or auto-intoxication process.

PMID- 693595
TI  - [Contribution of cryotherapy to phlebology].
AB  - Taking into account the results obtained by cryotherapy in proctology, the author
      has tried to apply this method in conjunction with microsclerosis in the
      treatment of telangiectasia. The results seem very encouraging on the whole, and
      could be considered an interesting contribution to the treatment of this
      obstinate and unattractive condition.

PMID- 693596
TI  - [My experience with iodine].
AB  - Sclerosing therapy requires a perfect knowledge of the advantages and
      disadvantages of the various sclerosing substances, the best, for many people,
      being the one with which they have the most experience. The author, however,
      prefers to use an iodo-iodized solution because of its efficiency. It is painless
      when injected only within the lumen of the vein. Weak dilutions can be prepared
      with saline solutions, from 0.05 to 4 per cent, and can be used for large vessels
      as well as for varicosities. It is reliable and acts gradually without painful
      inflammation of the vein when the dose is correct. It has few disadvantages :
      over 25 years of use, no immediate shock was observed and secondary-type
      intolerance was rare and benign. The was one single counter-indication, namely
      hyperthyroidism.

PMID- 693597
TI  - [Trombovar].

PMID- 693598
TI  - [Experience with sclerosis of the perforating veins].
AB  - The problem of sclerosis of the perforating veins, a subject of heated debate,
      seems now unanimously accepted. Indeed, their suppression is considered as
      important as sclerosis of the arches in preventing early and complete relapses.
      Their investigation can be clinical (examination of staged tourniquet),
      phlebographic or instrumental (thermography or Doppler). Their treatment can be
      either surgical (excellent in long reflux, perforating veins that are large in
      size and few in number) or medical (sclerotherapy). The latter present many
      variations with either direct injections in the perforating veins, telesclerosis
      above or below the perforating veins, telesclerosis on open veins after
      thrombectomy or extirpation with a Bassi hook. But whatever the technique used we
      cannot neglect the suppresion of short reflux which is a condition of the quality
      and duration of the results obtained.

PMID- 693599
TI  - [Aetoxisclerol: lst impressions].
AB  - Polydocanol is a sclerosing product recently introduced in France. It is less
      efficient in treating large or medium-sized varicose veins than iodine or
      trombovar. Because it is pleasant to use, it is mostly advised in the treatment
      of varicosities and telangiectasias. Like the other sclerosing products that have
      been used to date, polydocanol can induce allergic reactions in some individuals.

PMID- 693600
TI  - [Sclerotherapy of saphenous varicose veins: some technical points].
AB  - This article concerns sclerotherapy techniques. It deals with varicosity of the
      large or samll saphenous veins and their treatment using sclerosing injections in
      cases where, for various reasons, the decision not to undertake surgery is made.
      The following points are successively considered: --management of the treatment:
      from top to bottom, that is, from the proximal to the distal segment of the
      varicose vein; --the dose of the sclerosing drug utilized and the relation
      between the amount and the concentration of the injected doses; --the position of
      the patient and various movements aimed at injecting the solution in a patient
      when he is lying down, even if the needle is introduced when he is standing up; -
      the spasm-inducing capacity of certain sclerosing drugs and the possible
      utilization of provoked veinoconstriction during treatment for better contact
      between sclerosing drugs and endothelium; --finally, retention with straps: they
      are put in place immediately after treatment, maintained from 8 to 15 days
      without interruption, have little or no elasticity and are non-detachable.

PMID- 693601
TI  - [Dilution or mixture of sclerosing solutions. Response to the question of Mr.
      Delor (Le Havre): "Dilution or mixture of sclerosing solutions adjunctive to
      procaine or xylocaine"].

PMID- 693602
TI  - [Is sclerosing using salicylate or iodine forbidden in France?].

PMID- 693603
TI  - [Current data on salicylates].
AB  - The best-known among the sclerosing products, sodium salicylate, should still be
      the most commonly used. It gives a large and reliable sclerosis with a flexible
      posology and a large margin of safety. The injection cramp may be relieved by
      adding to the concentrated product 60% of an equal amount of 2% Xylocaine.
      Practically speaking, the weakness of the sclerosing capacity necessitates, for
      large arches, the use of more powerful drugs. Salicylate, however, can completely
      sclerose 2 internal saphenous veins out of 10, and 3 external saphenous veins out
      of 10. After reduction of the long reflux, salicylate seems today to be the best
      product to use in all varicose vein cases.

PMID- 693604
TI  - [Technic of sclerosing: faithfulness to principles: some variations in the
      management].
AB  - Sclerosis of the stem of the vessel is the essential goal of the sclerosing
      method. To achieve it, the sclerosing fluid should be in contact with all the
      endovenous surface. Sclerosis due to the extension of a provoked veinitis does
      not last very long. Contact with the sclerosing fluid is obtained: 1) Through a
      single injection in the stem, the motion of the fluid being directed with the
      impulsions created by the raising or lowering of the limb, depending on the site
      of the injection. 2) Fragmentation of the total dose in several injections over
      the total length of the stem of the vessel.

PMID- 693605
TI  - [Sleep in Marsupio, the kangaroo rat (Potorous apicalis)].

PMID- 693606
TI  - Visceroceptive control of operant behavior in rats.

PMID- 693607
TI  - Influence of gonadal hormones and genital afferents on EEG activity of the
      hypothalamus in adult male rhesus monkeys.

PMID- 693609
TI  - Delayed alternation behavior following ablations of the medial or dorsal
      prefrontal cortex in dogs.

PMID- 693608
TI  - Oxytocin reinstates maternal olfactory cues for nipple orientation and attachment
      in rat pups.

PMID- 693610
TI  - Neocortical and hippocampal EEG in normal and lateral hypothalamic-damaged rats.

PMID- 693611
TI  - Photic after-discharge bursting during habituation of a leg flexion response.

PMID- 693612
TI  - The small intestine and the control of meal patterns fo the rat.

PMID- 693613
TI  - Effects of thalamic taste nuclei lesions on the ingestion of sapid solutions and
      schedule induced and schedule dependent behavior.

PMID- 693614
TI  - Olfactory, septal and amygdala lesions alone or in combination: effects on
      lordosis behavior and emotionality.

PMID- 693615
TI  - Male mouse urine extract effects on pheromonally mediated reproductive functions
      of female mice.

PMID- 693616
TI  - Arousal-induced changes in the amplitude of death feigning and periodicity.

PMID- 693617
TI  - Adrenal activity in isolated mice and mice of different social status.

PMID- 693618
TI  - Sexual behavior of the pancreatectomized (95%) male hamster (Mesocricetus
      auratus).

PMID- 693619
TI  - Effects of ovariectomy and hormone replacement on DRL behavior in the rat.

PMID- 693620
TI  - Observer influence on automated open field activity.

PMID- 693621
TI  - Multi-channel commutator for recording biopotentials from small animals.

PMID- 693622
TI  - Combined solution of ketamine and chloral hydrate as an anesthetic.

PMID- 693623
TI  - Hypothalamic self-stimulation and duodenum motor activity.

PMID- 693624
TI  - Meal size as a determinant of food intake in normal and hypothalamic obese rats.

PMID- 693625
TI  - Monocular pattern discrimination in rabbits with unilateral lesions of the motor
      cortex.

PMID- 693626
TI  - Integrated circuit system for digitizing arterial blood pressure and heart rate.

PMID- 693627
TI  - Acquisition of learned taste aversion following bilateral subdiaphragmatic
      vagotomy in rats.

PMID- 693628
TI  - A compact IC tone generator.

PMID- 693629
TI  - Medial hypothalamic electrical stimulation is ineffective in suppressing septal
      lesion induced hyperreactivity.

PMID- 693630
TI  - Disruption of sinus arrhythmia and its relation to the classification of non
      habituating OR measures.

PMID- 693631
TI  - Pseudo-castration effects of social isolation on extinction of a taste aversion.

PMID- 693632
TI  - Cardiac changes to signalled shock avoidance in dogs.

PMID- 693633
TI  - Salivary sodium correlates with salt recognition threshold.

PMID- 693634
TI  - Amygdala kindling and muricide in rats.

PMID- 693635
TI  - Learning effects in human muscular responses to proprioceptive stimuli.

PMID- 693636
TI  - Inconsistency and possible habituation of CCK-induced satiety.

PMID- 693637
TI  - Effect of peripheral clonidine on ingestive behavior.

PMID- 693638
TI  - Half-cylinder cuts antero-lateral to the ventromedial nucleus reduce sexual
      receptivity in female golden hamsters.

PMID- 693639
TI  - Further studies on estrogen-induced maternal behavior in hysterectomized
      ovariectomized virgin rats.

PMID- 693640
TI  - Role of androgen in sexual reflexes of the male rat.

PMID- 693641
TI  - Adjunctive behavior in the Mongolian gerbil.

PMID- 693642
TI  - Nature of postoperative hyperactivity following lesions of the superior
      colliculus in the rat.

PMID- 693643
TI  - Unit responsivity in various hippocampal layers and the depressive effects of
      ethanol.

PMID- 693644
TI  - Effects of combined entorhinal cortex-hippocampal lesions on locomotor behavior,
      spontaneous alternation and spatial maze learning in the rat.

PMID- 693645
TI  - Disruption of maternal behavior in rats with lesions of the septal area.

PMID- 693646
TI  - Inhibition of food deprivation induced hypovolemia by saline consumption in rats.

PMID- 693647
TI  - Effects of feathers on instrumental thermoregulatory behavior in chickens.

PMID- 693648
TI  - Reduced olfactory discrimination in patients on chronic hemodialysis.

PMID- 693649
TI  - Paradoxical stimulation of food intake by larger loads of glucose, fructose and
      mannose: evidence for a positive feedback effect.

PMID- 693650
TI  - Learning in escape/avoidance tasks in female rats does not vary with reproductive
      condition.

PMID- 693651
TI  - Relation between behavior and eye-refraction in the rabbit.

PMID- 693652
TI  - Increased efficiency of food utilization following weight loss.

PMID- 693653
TI  - Food intake and utilization in lateral hypothalamically lesioned rats.

PMID- 693654
TI  - Suppression of locomotor activity in sparrows by treatment with melatonin.

PMID- 693655
TI  - Effects of dexamethasone on discriminative fear conditioning in pigs.

PMID- 693656
TI  - A reliable, facial nociception device for unrestrained, awake animals: effects of
      morphine and trigeminal complex lesions.

PMID- 693657
TI  - Facilitation of weight transference in the stroke patient.

PMID- 693659
TI  - Sock care for amputees.

PMID- 693658
TI  - Knee flexion mobiliser.

PMID- 693660
TI  - The patient care audit.

PMID- 693661
TI  - Monitoring during physiotherapy after open heart surgery.

PMID- 693662
TI  - Early skeletal release in the infant with craniofacial dysostosis: the role of
      the sphenozygomatic suture.
AB  - We describe our experience with early skeletal release in 10 infants with
      craniofacial dysostosis. The cranial base is the key to the deformity, and we
      extend the release toward it as well as resecting strips from the calvarium.
      Three procedures are described. The early results are encouraging.

PMID- 693663
TI  - The tailor-tack mastopexy.
AB  - A simple method of dermal mastopexy is described which eliminates the need for
      patterns or complex preoperative measurements. The breast is shaped with the
      patient in the semi-sitting position after she is under anesthesia (local or
      general). The surgeon then has the chance to view the finished product before the
      cutting surgery beings. This method helps to eliminate errors in the nipple
      areolar placement, and will be particularly helpful to the surgeon whose
      experience in mastopexy is limited.

PMID- 693664
TI  - Radical operation to stop axillary odor and hyperhidrosis.
AB  - We have developed a subcutaneous tissue shaver for the radical treatment of
      hircismus and hyperhidrosis. With this shaver the sweat glands can be removed
      from the undersurface of the axillary skin through a small incision. We report
      3,000 cases of hircismus and hyperhidrosis treated by our method. The
      postoperative scar has been minimal, healing has been quick, and good results
      were achieved by this method.

PMID- 693665
TI  - The pressures generated by closed capsulotomies of augmented breasts.

PMID- 693666
TI  - Surgical depilation for treatment of pseudofolliculitis or local hirsutism of the
      face.
AB  - By cutting away their roots, unwanted terminal hairs can be removed when they are
      in their active phase (anagen) by a method called surgical (subcutaneous)
      depilation. There can be recurrences when hirsutism is being treated in females,
      because of vellus hairs which have their roots in the dermis. The residual vellus
      hairs can be eradicated by electrical depilation, however. Recurrences in males
      (pseudofolliculitis) are usually due to terminal hairs in a resting place
      (telogen); these "club hairs" can also be removed by electrical depilation.

PMID- 693667
TI  - Use of interposed flap of tendon sheath to prevent adhesions after the repair of
      a cut flexor profundus tendon: experimental study in chickens.

PMID- 693668
TI  - Does host response determine the prognosis in scar carcinoma?

PMID- 693669
TI  - Pyoderma gangrenosum: recognition and management.
AB  - Pyoderma gangrenosum, a progressive necrotizing and ulcerative disease of the
      skin, presents serious problems in diagnosis and management to physicians not
      familar with the entity. The clinical basis of the diagnosis is outlined, and the
      possible etiological mechanisms are reviewed. Treatment is primarily nonsurgical,
      relying on oral administration of corticosteroids and conservative local care of
      the ulcers.

PMID- 693670
TI  - Danger of burns from fresh plaster splints surrounded by too much cotton.

PMID- 693671
TI  - Results of surgical lengthening of the short nose in the bilateral cleft lip
      patient.

PMID- 693672
TI  - Correction of lower eyelid ptosis in the anophthalmic orbit.

PMID- 693673
TI  - Denervation supersensitivity and the delay phenomenon.

PMID- 693674
TI  - Successful replantation of totally avulsed scalp, with profuse regrowth of hair:
      case report.

PMID- 693675
TI  - Hemangioma of clitoris, confused with adrenogenital syndrome: case report.

PMID- 693676
TI  - A guided osteotome for the resection of the osteocartilaginous nasal hump.

PMID- 693677
TI  - A new method of documenting hand cases.
AB  - A photocopier can be used as a helpful adjunct in the precise documentation of
      the condition of the hand. It is cheap and easy to use, and it provides a
      permanent and accurate record.

PMID- 693678
TI  - A backward look into the future.

PMID- 693679
TI  - Cartilage regeneration from perichondrium. Experimental studies and clinical
      applications.
AB  - Animal experiments with flaps and free grafts of perichondrium have produced new
      cartilage. The presence of blood seems to promote the formation of new cartilage
      in such instances. These perichondrial grafts have been used to produce better
      contours of the auricular cartilage in congenital deformities, and to reconstruct
      missing parts of the human ear. They are also being used clinically in joint
      surgery in cases of traumatic arthrosis and rheumatic arthritis to obtain
      painless motion.

PMID- 693680
TI  - Treatment of uncontrolled drooling by bilateral excision of submaxillary glands
      and parotid duct ligations.
AB  - Fourteen patients with uncontrolled drooling were treated with bilateral excision
      of the submaxillary glands and either transfer or ligation of the parotid ducts.
      In this small series, all had good results but the duct ligation group was
      slightly better.

PMID- 693681
TI  - Early non-surgical closure of postoperative palatal fistulae.
AB  - Ten of 11 patients who developed oronasal fistulae subsequent to palatoplasty
      and/or pharyngeal flap operation obtained complete physiological closure of the
      fistula by using a vinyl palatal appliance for a two to three month period. All
      these fistulae were diagnosed within 10 days to two weeks after the surgery, and
      the appliance therapy was started immediately. We believe this treatment to be an
      effective, uncomplicated method for non-surgical closure of recent postoperative
      oronasal fistulae.

PMID- 693682
TI  - Use of a T-tube in management of a pharyngeal fistula after laryngectomy.
AB  - Pharyngocutaneous fistula is a frequent complication after total laryngectomy,
      and may cause the patient to remain hospitalized for long periods of time while
      efforts are made to close the defect. We describe a case in which a gallbladder T
      tube was used to hasten closure of a recalcitrant fistula, and we have since used
      this often as an adjunct to the customary methods of management of this
      complication.

PMID- 693683
TI  - Pacinian neuroma, an unusual cause of finger pain.
AB  - Two cases of painful lesions of the fingers are presented. Both proved to be
      Pacinian neuromata, and they are the sixth and seventh such cases reported in the
      literature. This lesion is rare, but it should be considered in the differential
      diagnosis of painful lesions of the hand.

PMID- 693684
TI  - A safe anesthetic for rabbits, using methoxyflurane.
AB  - Methoxyflurane was given by inhalation as the sole anesthetic agent to 42 New
      Zealand white rabbits, with no mortality. The depth of respiration as well as the
      changes in the color of the ears were monitored constantly. A technique for
      administering methoxyflurane without intubation is described.

PMID- 693685
TI  - Are free muscle grafts a reliable reconstructive method?

PMID- 693686
TI  - The confusion of scar contraction.

PMID- 693687
TI  - Wound contraction and scar contracture.

PMID- 693688
TI  - Design for unilateral cleft lip repair to prevent a long lip.

PMID- 693689
TI  - Design for unilateral cleft lip repair to prevent a long lip.

PMID- 693690
TI  - Design for unilateral cleft lip repair to prevent a long lip.

PMID- 693692
TI  - A guided osteotome for the resection of the osteocartilaginous nasal hump.

PMID- 693691
TI  - Early skeletal release in the infant with craniofacial dysostosis.

PMID- 693693
TI  - Correction of a long face. Case report.
AB  - We describe a case in which maxillary alveolar hyperplasia (the long face
      syndrome) was corrected by excising a 12 mm band of bone through the maxilla,
      "down-fracturing" it, and telescoping it up into a new position.

PMID- 693694
TI  - Bayonet osteotome for use in areas difficult of access.

PMID- 693695
TI  - A ring frame for microvascular anastomoses.

PMID- 693696
TI  - Self-retaining retractor for plastic surgery on the penis.

PMID- 693697
TI  - [Classification of affective disturbances and terminology].

PMID- 693698
TI  - [Tryptophan and catecholamine metabolism in affective disturbances].

PMID- 693699
TI  - [Ratio of MAO activity to blood platelet aldehyde reductase in cyclophrenic
      depressive syndromes].

PMID- 693700
TI  - [Plasma cortisol level in patients with affective disturbances and its
      correlation with tryptophan and 5-hydroxyindoleactic acid. (preliminary
      communication)].

PMID- 693701
TI  - [Performance of plasma kinin system in endogenous affective disturbances].

PMID- 693702
TI  - [Endogenous depression as an interdisciplinary clinical problem].

PMID- 693703
TI  - [Course of affective disturbances of the endogenous type in children and
      adolescents].

PMID- 693704
TI  - [Body structure of patients suffering from endogenous affective disturbances and
      some characteristic traits of the clinical pattern and the course of their
      illness].

PMID- 693705
TI  - [Effects of imipramine on the reactivity of patients with endogenous depression].

PMID- 693706
TI  - [Sleep deprivation in the treatment of endogenous depressive syndrome].

PMID- 693707
TI  - [Psychomotor activation as a form of treatment of endogenous depression].

PMID- 693708
TI  - [Prophylactic effects of lithium carbonate in affective disturbances].

PMID- 693709
TI  - [Some causes for the failure of lithium therapy in the prophylaxis of affective
      disturbances].

PMID- 693710
TI  - [Complications occuring in the course of lithium salts treatment as a cause for
      the interruption of treatment].

PMID- 693711
TI  - [Psychomotor activity as a clinical depression index in the course of imipramine
      treatment].

PMID- 693712
TI  - [Psychological methods in the evaluation of the cognitive activity of various
      mental functions in patients with depressive syndromes].

PMID- 693714
TI  - [Training in mutual communication of married couples addicted to alcohol
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The article reports on the planning and realization of a two-weeks' therapeutic
      recreation programme involving addicts and their partners. Twelve couples
      participated, of whom 10 men and 4 women were addicts (alcohol and drugs) who had
      just completed a successful four-months' withdrawal treatment course on an
      inpatient basis. The aim was to change partnership interaction patterns via
      systematic training of communication rules according to a sort of "model" design.
      Tape playback and group feedback techniques were used. The result of this
      communication training was greater mutual frankness of the partners. The positive
      results of this type of married-couple therapy encouraged the authors to
      institutionalize concomitant communication therapy in collaboration with the
      couples themselves during inpatient withdrawal treatment.

PMID- 693713
TI  - [The problem of "loss of control" (author's transl)].

PMID- 693715
TI  - [Effects of a holiday on mental patients (author's transl)].

PMID- 693716
TI  - [Rehabilitation training with chronic mental patients (author's transl)].
AB  - In a half-way house a behaviorally oriented rehabilitation training with chronic
      schicophrenics, hospitalized more than 12 years averagely, was conducted and
      evaluated. With interviews it was systematically investigated with what kind of
      difficult situations a patient is confronted at discharge and which behavioral
      competencies are therefore especially needed. Behavior therapy with the main
      components of instruction, behavior rehearsal and social reinforcement changed
      the behavior of the patients significantly. A general plan for diagnosis and
      training of competencies is developed that can be applied to structure the
      training of the staff in educational-therapeutic behavior as well as the training
      of the patients themselves.

PMID- 693717
TI  - [Theory and practice of finding a therapeutic vacancy for addicts--demonstrated
      in the case of a female patient habituated to heroin (author's transl)].
AB  - This article tries to describe the problems, difficulties and setbacks
      experienced by patients, doctors, psychologists or social workers when looking
      for a public health insurance body competent to bear the cost, as well as for a
      vacancy in a suitable hospital or institution where appropriate therapy can be
      effected. The case history of a female heroin addict was chosen as a model
      example to show that the simultaneous activities by a variety of offices or
      bodies is rarely crowned with succes. The author surveys several other cases
      where similar protacted mechanisms of decision to be arrive at by bodies who
      might be requested to bear the cost interfered with the therapy in patients
      addicted to alcohol and/or drugs. A suggestion is presented aiming at arriving at
      a decision in minimum time and according to a compact pattern.

PMID- 693718
TI  - The advent of guilt feelings as a common depressive symptom: a historical
      comparison on two continents.
AB  - Historical shifts in the symptomatology of mental disease are surprisingly
      overlooked but common phenomena that should cast considerable light on the
      relation between social and intrapsychic processes. The enormous increase in
      chronicity and mortality in mental hospitals during the second half of the 19th
      century, and the shift from the shell-shock of the first World War to the battle
      fatigue of the second are examples which have been well documented but not well
      explained. The advent of guilt feelings in depression or melancholia is a lesser
      known instance but one with perhaps greater theoretical significance. Melancholia
      has been known almost throughout recorded history, but until the 16th century the
      number of recorded cases exhibiting exaggerated guilt feelings and self
      accusations was very small, and the old physicians did not include them in their
      descriptions of the condition. In Asia and in Africa, moreover, it is claimed
      that these symptoms are rare even today, except among the Westernized. If we
      fully understood the other features of the disease or if the symptoms had no
      relevance to course and treatment, these facts might be treated simply as
      curiosities; but neither is the case. Depression is still not adequately
      understood, and some theories on it derive largely from the exaggerated guilt
      feelings and the psychic structure which is supposed to produce the latter. Hence
      it could be instructive to examine under what conditions these symptoms first
      became common in different societies.

PMID- 693719
TI  - Toward an interdisciplinary psychology of appearances.

PMID- 693720
TI  - Psychodynamics, homosexuality, and the question of pathology.
AB  - A persistent polarity has existed among theories concerning the origins and the
      nature of preferred homosexuality. One major group of theories, including most
      psychoanalytic approaches, stresses early developmental contributions and tends
      to view homosexuality as psychopathological--a deviation from healthy and fully
      mature living. The other major group of theories assumes homosexuality not to be
      psychopathological and views homosexuality as either a spontaneous expression of
      a natural, polymorphous sexuality, or as one possible outcome, among many equally
      healthy and rewarding outcomes, of social conditioning. Common to both groups of
      theories is the shared assumption that psychodynamic contributions and etiology
      imply pathology--a psychodynamic dimension is either accepted and pathology is
      assumed, or pathology is denied and any possible psychodynamic contribution is
      debunked. The notion that psychodynamic causes and contributions imply pathology
      is, as I will show, a historical artifiact deriving from Freud's original
      libidinal fixation theory of neurosis. Such an assumption is not only no longer
      necessary, but also is inconsistent with a more contemporary psychondynamic
      understanding of human experience and several important psychoanalytic
      principles. I will explore the manner in which this assumption has been
      responsible for polarization and miscommunication among various contributions in
      psychoanalytic, sociological and political literature on the nature of
      homosexuality--including the presumption of pathology that is built into the very
      language and choice of metaphors employed in psychoanalytic discussions of
      homosexuality. I will also suggest an alternative conceptual approach.

PMID- 693721
TI  - The manipulative patient: an interactional approach.
AB  - The words manipulative or manipulation are used in the contemporary psychiatric
      literature to describe certain persons and their habitual modes of behavior. The
      terms represent an attempt to describe some essential quality of the patient's
      style of relating to others. In the following discussion, we will attempt to
      shift this perspective to a more interpersonal one, seeing the attribution of
      this label as part of a sequence of communication, mutual perception, and
      struggle between caretaker and patient. The accusation that a patient is
      manipulative signals the disruption of the helping process.

PMID- 693722
TI  - Alcoholism and systems theory: building a better mousetrap.
AB  - A considerable body of research evidence has accumulated in the alcoholism field
      with respect to when persons who overly rely on alcohol modify their behavior and
      seek alternate ways of dealing with life. It is the purpose of this paper to
      identify a number of these factors and relate them to a theoretical perspective
      that, while not new, is of relatively recent vintage for alcoholism specialists.
      That perspective is General Behavior Systems Theory (GBST), and it will be
      contended that its basic postulates comprise a framework that is especially
      congruent with the findings related to when alcohol-dependent persons change. As
      such, it provides a set of ideas which offer more fruitful guidelines for
      assessment and intervention than those resulting from exclusive reliance on other
      extant models (see Siegler et al., 1968; Miller and Barlow, 1973), in particular,
      the traditional and predominant illness conception.

PMID- 693723
TI  - Thoughts on computerized psychotherapy.
AB  - This essay looks at the eventuality of computerized psychotherapy and attempts a
      philosophical analysis of the value, limitations, and efficacy of such
      hypothetical computerized psychotherapy devices (CPDs). The essential thesis is
      that while computers may be 'intellectually' capable of performing certain skills
      that have up until now been associated wholly with the human mind, still other,
      affective responses, such as empathy, sympathy and compathy, are not within the
      CPD's ken. Thus, in cases where such affective potential is believed to be a
      therapeutic necessity, the possibility of the CPD as an effective therapeutic
      agent may be undesirable.

PMID- 693724
TI  - Staff "splitting" on medical-surgical wards.

PMID- 693725
TI  - Anorexia nervosa: reflections on theory and practice.
AB  - Psychodynamic theory provides a critical element in the conceptual framework
      necessary for a therapist's understanding of the abnormal behavior exhibited by
      patients with anorexia nervosa. A model of the syndrome is presented here which
      the author has found useful in the ongoing treatment of patients. The paper has
      arisen out of a desire to clarify thinking and practice in the course of treating
      patients manifesting the classic syndrome identified in those whose symptoms are
      not secondary to physical disease or psychosis.

PMID- 693726
TI  - A study of former mental patients who returned to visit the ward on which they
      were hospitalized.
AB  - We have observed that former psychiatric inpatients often return to visit the
      ward after they have been discharged. Nothing has been written about this
      phenomenon, but it seemed to us that since not all discharged patients return to
      visit, a difference must exist between those who do visit and those who do not.
      The following report presents the results of our investigation into the
      distinguishing characteristics of the visiting ex-patients. Reider (1953) and
      Safirstein (1967, 1970) have described the phenomenon of institutional
      transference, which deals with patients' attachment to the institution rather
      than to an individual therapist. However, our data show that the phenomenon of
      former patients visiting goes beyond that, in some instances reflecting
      meaningful relationships with staff members and other patients, but in other
      instances indicating continuing treatment needs of various kinds.

PMID- 693727
TI  - The interactional process in preadolescent friendships.
AB  - The study of friendship in children has long been a neglected area of human
      development. As Hartup (1975) pointed out, there is a paucity of data both with
      respect to the nature of the interactional process between friends and the
      language children use in conceptualizing friendship. The purpose of the present
      investigation was to examine the interactional process in preadolescent
      friendships within the framework of Harry Stack Sullivan's social development
      theory.

PMID- 693728
TI  - Perceptual grouping between successively presented stimuli and its relation to
      visual simultaneity and masking.

PMID- 693729
TI  - Expansion of the functional visual field and context skipping in a continuous
      search task.

PMID- 693730
TI  - A correct initial impression aids figure identification.

PMID- 693731
TI  - Mental rotation validation of two spatial ability tests.

PMID- 693732
TI  - Discrimination of equal-energy, equally detectable auditory stimuli.

PMID- 693733
TI  - The detectability of local and global displacements in regular rhythmic patterns.

PMID- 693734
TI  - Differences between right versus left lateral body tilt in its effect on the
      visual and tactual perception of verticality.

PMID- 693735
TI  - Modeling instrumental agression in adults in a laboratory setting.

PMID- 693736
TI  - Outline forms as visual stimuli in psychological experiments.

PMID- 693737
TI  - Presidential address, 1977: Psychophysiology and psychometrics.

PMID- 693738
TI  - Background noise levels and heart rate orienting: response detection using time
      series analysis.

PMID- 693739
TI  - Laterality of body focus and digital skin temperature in patients with Raynaud's
      disease.

PMID- 693740
TI  - Overextinction and test stimulus modality determinants of dishabituation.

PMID- 693741
TI  - The effects of operant heart rate conditioning on cognitive elaboration and
      attitude change.

PMID- 693742
TI  - Prestimulus effects on human startle reflex in normals and schizophrenics.

PMID- 693743
TI  - Effectiveness of techniques and physiological measures in the detection of
      deception.

PMID- 693744
TI  - An early event-related cortical potential.

PMID- 693745
TI  - The measurement of human penile tumescence.

PMID- 693746
TI  - Eyeblink EMG: a miniature eyelid electrode for recording from orbicularis oculi.

PMID- 693747
TI  - Detection of transient responses in adult heart rate.

PMID- 693748
TI  - Sterilization of genital devices.

PMID- 693749
TI  - DUMP A/D: a LAP6W program for storing single trial electrophysiological data on a
      PDP-12.

PMID- 693750
TI  - Reactivity to heteromodal stimulation as a function of stimulus intensity and
      inner arousal.

PMID- 693751
TI  - Stress and EEG-alpha.

PMID- 693752
TI  - Changes in heart rate, muscle activity, and anxiety level following shock threat.

PMID- 693753
TI  - Coronary-prone behavior pattern and cardiovascular response.

PMID- 693754
TI  - Relationships between behavioral arousal and some components of autonomic
      arousal.

PMID- 693756
TI  - Physiological responding during self generated imagery of contextually complete
      stimuli.

PMID- 693755
TI  - Conditioned diastolic blood pressure as a function of induced masseter muscle
      tension.

PMID- 693757
TI  - Effects of momentary changes in arousal on discriminative autonomic classical
      conditioning.

PMID- 693758
TI  - Auditory evoked potentials and divided attention.

PMID- 693759
TI  - The distribution of attention across auditory input channels: an assessment using
      the human evoked potential.

PMID- 693760
TI  - Electrolyte medium effects on measurements of palmar skin potential.

PMID- 693761
TI  - A convenient, non-hydrating electrolyte medium for the measurement of
      electrodermal activity.

PMID- 693762
TI  - Normality of distributions and homogeneity of variance of heart rate and heart
      period samples.

PMID- 693763
TI  - Constraints on measuring heart rate and period sequentially through real and
      cardiac time.

PMID- 693764
TI  - A window comparator to accommodate natural variability in psychophysiological
      measurements.

PMID- 693765
TI  - Reliable and precise identification of R-waves in the EKG with a simple peak
      detector.

PMID- 693766
TI  - An automatic voltage suppressor for the measurement of electrodermal activity.

PMID- 693767
TI  - Defense mechanisms and coping behavior in terminal illness. An overview.
AB  - Psychosomatic medicine is increasingly concerned with illness behavior, a concept
      which includes defense mechanisms and coping styles. An attempt was made to
      compare defensive processes and social adaptation in a group of 31 patients
      suffering from a probable terminal illness of iatrogenic origin. The surprising
      degree of conformity between the defense profiles towards the illness and those
      towards general life stress was found. Reaction-formation and stoicism were the
      defense mechanisms most often associated with successful defense. Interdependence
      of several ego measures such as defense against general life stress, defense
      against illness and social adaptation could be shown in various evaluations.
      Surprisingly, however, aggravators of illness turned out to be psychologically
      more stable than minimizers, a result which is in contrast to behavior in
      nonterminal illness. Theoretical implications of the results are discussed.

PMID- 693768
TI  - Testing cooperation in parents with children destined for home dialysis.
AB  - Ten married couples with children in the dialysis department of the University's
      Children Hospital of Heidelberg are examined by means of different tests (Joint
      Rorschach, Simfam, Giessen Test, Bales scale, Expert rating) and compared with a
      group of ten psychologically 'extraordinary' as well as ten psychologically
      'ordinary' couples. The problem was to find out whether the emotional family
      atmosphere is stable enough to provide the child with home dialysis or whether
      the parents need psychotherapeutic preparation.

PMID- 693769
TI  - Pathological primary identifications and their effects on the psychosomatic
      economy of the individual.
AB  - The paper deals with the problem of the unstable psychosomatic economy and the
      patient's consequent susceptibility to psychosomatic disturbances. This goes back
      to a primary psychobiological defect in the sphere of his earliest
      identifications, which comes to the surface in emotional crisis situations. The
      term "Psychosomatic Phenomenon' is used to describe this basic disturbance in the
      patient's relationships, which can be observed in his interactions with the
      psychotherapist or interviewer, where it takes the form of a noticeable lack of
      fantasy, poor relationships and a reduced capacity for psychic experience and
      elaboration. The author's object-psychological approach has grown out of years of
      experience in the analytical treatment of hospitalized psychosomatic patients. A
      'toxic environment' can be seen to have been a disturbing influence on the early
      development of the infant. A child whose mother herself knows no autonomy cannot
      develop its own fantasies through autoerotic activity and thus cannot build up a
      libidinal object in its inner world. The result is that such an individual is
      incapable of meeting the inevitable somatic disorganizations with differentiated
      reorganization processes and so has no defense against physical illness.

PMID- 693770
TI  - Sending the patient home.
AB  - Some patients become grossly disorganized during a hospital stay for medical
      illness. In the midst of a confusing medical picture, the unpredictable behavior
      of such patients causes great consternation among the medical or surgical staff.
      Families also become particularly anxious; their concern about the medical
      problem shifts to concern about the altered mental state. Physicians and family
      members frequently agree that such patients should continue their hospital stay
      past the point where medical attention per se is needed in order to regain
      control over the disturbed mental functioning. This paper presents an alternative
      therapeutic approach, suggesting that sending the patient home to a more familiar
      environment may result in improved psychological functioning. A model for viewing
      the interaction between 'constancies' in the brain/mind environment (particulary
      the hospital milieu) is presented. This model takes into account the facts of the
      internal regulatory mechanisms of the brain, the facts of illness and lack of the
      more familiar orienting cues in the environment.

PMID- 693771
TI  - Discussion groups for medical patients. A vehicle for improved coping.
AB  - Describing 14 professionally run discussion groups for multiple sclerosis
      patients, this paper delineates appropriate functions and goals of the medical
      discussion group. Such groups address coping activities related to affiliation
      with a social reference group, information seeking and, in a more limited way,
      consolidation of intrapsychic resources. The discussion describes the dynamic
      issues which arise in the groups and explores ways in which group dynamics
      interact with the medical format.

PMID- 693772
TI  - Event-related slow brain potentials, cognitive processes, and alexithymia.
AB  - A psychophysiological approach to alexithymia involves the search for reliable
      neural correlates of cognitive and symbolic processes rendering meaningful
      indicators that can be entered as elements into the diagnostic process, framed
      within a theory, and tested against the clinical experience. Relevant work on
      event-related slow brain potentials is reviewed, and some recent data bearing on
      a psychophysiological differentiation between psychosomatic and psychoneurotic
      patients are presented and discussed within the framework of a modified concept
      of activation. In outlining certain research strategies and goals it is contended
      that they may provide an experimental data base complementing and expanding
      psychodynamically derived formulations.

PMID- 693773
TI  - Self-control, biofeedback, and change in 'psychosomatic' approach.
AB  - The new psychosomatic treatment modalities of biofeedback and relaxation
      techniques have in common an emphasis on self-control or self-regulation. The
      surging popularity of the self-control techniques at present may reflect a change
      in the self-image of medicine, which emphasizes its role as a collaborator of the
      patient in his self-control of disease processes. The modern concept of
      psychosomatic medicine emphasizes a systems or field approach to evaluation and
      treatment rather than 'psychogenic' causes of physical illness. The self-control
      treatment modalities form an important part of the armamentaria of a modern
      'psychosomaticist'. We present preliminary data suggesting that 'potentiation' of
      biofeedback treatment may be useful. In borderline hypertensives, using
      pharmacologic means to reduce blood pressure during a biofeedback session may
      help subjects identify and re-create the 'low blood pressure states' without
      further aid of drugs. Hypertensives seeking biofeedback treatment are extremely
      internal in locus of control and tend to generalize their self-control to other
      areas of life to foster health and to prevent illness.

PMID- 693774
TI  - The significance of certain dreams reported by psychosomatic patients.
AB  - Several types of dreams reported by psychosomatic patients with alexithymic
      characteristics are presented. Two special features of the dreams are noted: (1)
      the dreams contain events which are very traumatic and (2) the protagonists of
      the dreams failed to fully perceive their own feelings. It is postulated that the
      failure of the protagonists to fully perceive their own feelings played an
      important role in fostering the development of the traumatic events. Feelings
      such as anxiety and sadness are key signals which incite the ego of the dreamer
      to set protective operations into motion. The diminution of awareness of these
      feelings may, therefore, delay the implementation of protective operations to a
      point which allows the traumatic events to progress dangerously far. It is
      interesting to note that the few psychosomatic patients without alexithymic
      characteristics who were included in my series reported a type of dream which was
      identical to one of the types of dreams reported by patients with alexithymic
      characteristics. This concurrence suggests the possibility that the dreams form a
      link between the psychologies of these two sub-groups of psychosomatic patients.

PMID- 693775
TI  - The myofascial pain dysfunction: dental symptoms and psychological and muscular
      function. An overview. A preliminary study by team approach.
AB  - Patients with myofascial pain dysfunction (MPD) are traditionally seen by
      dentists. No organic lesions are found, and there is accumulating evidence that
      psychological factors influence both the onset and the development of the
      disorder, thus calling for a multiprofessional investigation approach. This
      report presents a preliminary study by a team consisting of a psychiatrist, a
      dentist and a physiotherapist. 25 patients with MPD diagnosis were examined.
      Almost all of the patients had tense muscles in neck and back, indicating that
      muscular tension is not a local phenomenon in the masticatory muscles. It was
      possible to distinguish two main categories of MPD patients, the 'typical MPD
      patients' and the 'multiproblem patients'. Problems that need further
      investigation are pointed out.

PMID- 693776
TI  - Induced abortion and psychotherapy.
AB  - The modern women's emancipation movement, concerned with the right of women for
      self-determination in the question of abortion, embraces the assumption, borne
      out by most recent epidemiological studies, that abortion does not produce
      psychological damage in most women. However, an induced abortion is a stressing
      experience and may for some few susceptible women, even be a traumatic one. The
      psychotherapist who is overly influenced by statistics and the socio-political
      climate and/or his own insufficiently resolved inner conflicts, may unconsciously
      ignore or minimize the importance of an abortion experience for a specific
      patient in his care. As the case illustrations show, the focusing and through
      elaboration of this experience may determine the final successful outcome of
      treatment, especially in brief psychotherapies.

PMID- 693777
TI  - Liaison psychiatry in daily medical practice.

PMID- 693778
TI  - Relationships between physical and mental illness.

PMID- 693779
TI  - Utilization of a psychiatric consultation service.

PMID- 693780
TI  - Sexual problems and infertility.

PMID- 693781
TI  - Juvenile diabetes: impact on the child and family.

PMID- 693782
TI  - Anorexia nervosa: gauging treatment effectiveness.

PMID- 693783
TI  - [Psychosomatic aspects in the diagnosis of allergic diseases of the respiratory
      organs (author's transl)].

PMID- 693784
TI  - [Psychosomatic aspects in the therapy of allergic disease of respiratory organs
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 693785
TI  - [Notes on taijin phobia (author's transl)].

PMID- 693786
TI  - Hand dominance, attention, and the choice between responses.

PMID- 693787
TI  - The changing pattern of perceptual analytic strategies and response selection
      with practice in a two-choice reaction time task.

PMID- 693788
TI  - Response selection in spatial choice reaction: further evidence against
      associative models.

PMID- 693789
TI  - Effects of visual familiarity on "same" and "different" decision processes.

PMID- 693790
TI  - The effect of visual and acoustic similarity on short-term memory for Chinese
      words.

PMID- 693791
TI  - In defence of a ratio model for movement detection at threshold.

PMID- 693793
TI  - Schoolgirl pregnancies.

PMID- 693792
TI  - Hazards from asbestos.

PMID- 693794
TI  - Playground accidents.

PMID- 693795
TI  - A refuge for women.

PMID- 693796
TI  - Thirty years of the National Health Service.

PMID- 693797
TI  - Afterthoughts on Court: philosophy into practice.

PMID- 693799
TI  - The pleasures and perils of joint care planning: the social services' viewpoint.

PMID- 693798
TI  - The pleasures and perils of joint care planning: the administrator's viewpoint.

PMID- 693800
TI  - Consumer satisfaction in the Health Service: the role of the Community Health
      Council. The current role: its scope and limitations.

PMID- 693801
TI  - Community participation and the professional role--a new partnership?

PMID- 693802
TI  - The mentally handicapped--is community care the best solution? The psychiatrist's
      viewpoint.

PMID- 693803
TI  - The mentally handicapped--is community care the best solution? Community care-
      the myths and realities.

PMID- 693804
TI  - Violence in the general hospital: the management of violent or potentially
      violent patients.

PMID- 693805
TI  - Violence in the general hospital: the violent patient in the accident and
      emergency department.

PMID- 693806
TI  - "Their candles are all out" (Macbeth)... or are they? Some reflections on arson
      and arsonists.

PMID- 693807
TI  - [Suppression of the repair of single-stranded breaks in the DNA of mammalian
      cells by using the halogenated analog of purine bases, bromcaffeine].

PMID- 693808
TI  - [Effect of irradiation on the polypeptide synthetase activity of rat liver and
      thymus chromatin].

PMID- 693809
TI  - [Physicochemical properties of chromatin and its fragments formed in the rat
      thymus in the process of postradiation autolysis and under the action of acid
      DNAse and protease on DNP preparations].

PMID- 693810
TI  - [Protein makeup of the blood serum in dogs during 6 years' external gamma
      irradiation and after its cessation].

PMID- 693811
TI  - [Nuclear protein metabolism in the early periods after irradiation].

PMID- 693812
TI  - [Effect of gamma radiation on the formation of fluorescent and TBA-active
      products in rat liver mitochondria].

PMID- 693813
TI  - [Modification of the radiation injury to Chinese hamster fibroblast chromosomes
      in cell culture. 1. A study using caffeine of the effect of reparation on the
      yield of rearrangements at different cell cycle stages].

PMID- 693814
TI  - [Recessive lethal mutations and their role in the radiation inactivation of cells
      (experiments on yeast organisms)].

PMID- 693815
TI  - [Effect of hydrocortisone on the radiosensitivity of hematopoietic stem cells].

PMID- 693816
TI  - [Oxygen effect and cellular adaptation reactions. 1. The adaptation of the body
      to hypoxia accompanied by a weakening of its radioprotective effect].

PMID- 693817
TI  - [Oxygen effect and cellular adaptation reactions. 2. Respiratory kinetics of
      tumor cells differing in the level of initial oxygenation].

PMID- 693818
TI  - [Role of the direct and mediated action of ionizing radiation in the mechanism of
      giant neutrophil formation].

PMID- 693819
TI  - [Changes in the integument of white rats after uneven beta- and x-ray
      irradiation].

PMID- 693820
TI  - [Patterns in the development of the intestinal syndrome in mice under conditions
      of prolonged fractionated and continuous irradiation].

PMID- 693821
TI  - [Neuronal activity of the sensorimotor cortex in animals irradiated midway in
      embryogenesis].

PMID- 693822
TI  - [Manifestation of the radiation aftereffects in daughter generations of barley
      grown under an increased natural radiation background].

PMID- 693823
TI  - [Effect of actinomycin D on RNA synthesis in the organs of irradiated rats].

PMID- 693824
TI  - [Oxidative decarboxylation of alpha-ketoacids in an irradiated organism].

PMID- 693825
TI  - [Effect of ionizing radiation on transmembrane potassium transport in
      polycellular membranes].

PMID- 693826
TI  - [Effect of chronic hypoxia and the administration of erythropoetin on
      hematopoietic stem cell migration from the bone marrow to the spleen].

PMID- 693827
TI  - [Radiosensitivity study of human bone marrow cells that form colonies in agar
      cultures].

PMID- 693828
TI  - [Problem of enhancing the biological action of ionizing radiations. 10. The
      radiosensitizing action of 5-nitrotryptamine].

PMID- 693829
TI  - [Relationship of irradiation dosage and dose rate and the number of aberrant
      anaphases in fish embryos].

PMID- 693830
TI  - [Hypothalamic sensitivity to corticosteroids in the late period after
      irradiation].

PMID- 693831
TI  - [Effect of laser irradiation on rat radiosensitivity].

PMID- 693832
TI  - [Reversibility of strontium-90 and metaphos action on Cyprinus carpio].

PMID- 693833
TI  - [On the extent of patient elucidation of drastic diagnostical measures (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 693834
TI  - [Thorotrast late damages--a survey with a casuistic contribution on the problem
      of angiographic diagnosis of thorotrast late damages of the liver (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 693835
TI  - [Complications due to the passge of contrast media into the pancreatic tisssue
      (parenchym staining) during endoscopic retrograde pancreaticography (ERP)].

PMID- 693836
TI  - [Intraarterial therapeutic embolisation in the external carotid area (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 693837
TI  - [On the radiological diagnosis of parotid tumours (author's transl)].

PMID- 693838
TI  - [How secure is heart judgement photofluorography? Examinations by means of
      dependence values (author's transl)].

PMID- 693839
TI  - The diagnostic accuracy of lymphography in Hodgkin's disease.

PMID- 693840
TI  - Secondary bone alterations of patients with medullary sponge kidney.

PMID- 693841
TI  - [On the value of "peritoneal fold symptom" in the perforation diagnosis of
      seriously ill patients (author's transl)].

PMID- 693842
TI  - [Modified puncture and insufflation techniques in pneumopelvigraphy (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 693843
TI  - Xeroradiography of the periarticular soft tissues in joint diseases.

PMID- 693844
TI  - [Recommendations by the Society for Medical Radiology of the DDR for the
      standardization of general and special radiography of the skull].

PMID- 693845
TI  - [Standardization recommendations for X-ray films of the skull. General exposures
      in two planes (author's transl)].

PMID- 693846
TI  - [Standardization recommendations for additional X-ray films of the skull in the
      semi-axial-frontonuchal and axial beam (author's transl)].

PMID- 693847
TI  - [Recommendations for the standardization of radiography of the paranasal
      sinuses].

PMID- 693848
TI  - [Standardization recommendations for zygomatic arch representation (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 693849
TI  - [Standardization recommendations for X-ray diagnosis of the orbita and of the
      optic canal (author's transl)].

PMID- 693850
TI  - [Standardization recommendations for the radiological diagnosis of the temporal
      bone (author's transl)].

PMID- 693851
TI  - [Standardization recommendations of the lateral mandibular exposure (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 693852
TI  - [Standardization recommendations of modified Schuller's exposure, of close-up
      exposure (stomatological radiodiagnostic equipment) and of posterior-anterior
      exposure according to Clementschitsch for temporomaxillary joint representation
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 693853
TI  - [Comparative analysis of scintigraphic and angiographic pictures in arteriovenous
      vascular malformations (author's transl)].

PMID- 693854
TI  - Diagnostic radiology: beyond mere technology.

PMID- 693855
TI  - Correlation of fluoroscopically detected coronary artery calcification with
      exercise stress testing in asymptomatic men.
AB  - Cardiac fluoroscopy followed by a submaximal exercise electrocardiogram was used
      to evaluate 129 healthy men (average age 49 p 6) for assessment of possible
      latent ischemic heart disease in an asymptomatic population. Of 108 subjects who
      completed the exercise protocol, 37 (34%) had at least one fluoroscopically
      detected calcified coronary artery. Of the 16 subjects with a positive exercise
      stress test, 13 (81%) had calcification of at least one coronary artery, Thirteen
      of 37 (35%) with calcification had a positive exercise test. Those with
      calcification of at least one coronary artery had a ninefold increased risk of a
      positive exercise stress test (p less than 0.0001). The location of a calcific
      deposit conferred greater risk of exercise-induced ischemic changes than did
      multivessel involvement. Forty-seven per cent of men with calcification in the
      left anterior descending coronary artery had an abnormal exercise
      electrocardiogram vs. 33% and 16% of persons with left circumflex and right
      coronary artery calcifications, respectively.

PMID- 693856
TI  - Giant air cells of the petrous apex: tomographic features.
AB  - Sixteen hundred consecutive tomographic examinations of the temporal bones were
      reviewed and 15 patients with petrous apical air cells larger than 1.5 cm
      diameter were encountered. Familiarity with the normal tracts of pneumatization,
      and precise localization of atypical air cells by tomography are helpful in
      differentiating deformity of the internal auditory canals due to asymmetric
      pneumatization from the change caused by acoustic neurilemmomas. Characteristic
      radiographic and CT features differentiate petrous apical air cells from other
      destructive lesions in the region.

PMID- 693857
TI  - The hilar height ratio.

PMID- 693858
TI  - Ventilation patterns mimicking COPD in patients with diaphragmatic pacing for
      Ondine's curse.
AB  - Ventilation was studied with 133Xe in 18 patients with central hypoventilation
      (Ondine's Curse) in whom diaphragmatic pacers were implanted. Three distinct
      patterns emerged: Type I, improvement in ventilation on the paced side (11 of 18
      patients); Type II, improvement on both the paced and unpaced side (4 of 18); and
      Type III, no improvement (3 of 18). With the pacer off, many of these patients
      have patterns that mimic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and that revert to
      normal with pacing. This retention, clearly reversible, cannot reflect permanent
      airways or airspace disease.

PMID- 693859
TI  - Gallium-67 uptake in silent myocardial infarction: a case report.
AB  - Scintigrams obtained 24 and 48 hours after the injection of 67Ga in a patient
      undergoing evaluation for fever of unknown origin revealed positive myocardial
      uptake. The subsequent clinical course, electrocardiograms, radionuclear studies,
      and postmortem examination confirmed a silent myocardial infarction in the region
      of 67Ga localization. No other clinical reports were found of an acute myocardial
      infarction diagnosed by scintigraphy with 67Ga.

PMID- 693860
TI  - The diagnosis of pneumothorax by ventilation-perfusion imaging.
AB  - Two patients with pneumothorax had ventilation-perfusion studies to rule out the
      possibility of pulmonary embolism; the presence of air in the pleural space was
      not known to the authors when the study was analyzed. A typical ventilatory
      pattern characterized by small volume difference at total lung capacity followed
      by disproportionately greater decrease of the volume of the affected lung at
      tidal breathing was observed. In one case, the routine chest radiograph failed to
      demonstrate air in the pleural space. A similar volume difference between the two
      lungs was noted on the perfusion images.

PMID- 693861
TI  - Detection of superior mesenteric artery aneurysm by radionuclide angiography:
      brief case report.

PMID- 693862
TI  - Renovascular hypertension in children and adolescents.
AB  - Renovascular disease often leads to hypertension in children. The most frequent
      cause is fibromuscular dysplasia of focal type affecting main and peripheral
      arteries. Diastolic readings in excess of 110 mm Hg with normal serum creatinine
      and urinalysis are suggestive of renovascular disease. Excretory urography was
      positive in 65% of patients with unilateral disease. Radionuclide scans
      complement a positive excretory urogram but may be positive when the urogram is
      negative. Plasma renin activity was raised in the majority of patients; if the
      patient does not have peripheral branch stenosis, the renal vein renin ratio will
      lateralize in unilateral renal disease. The overall results of surgery are
      encouraging: 86% of surgical procedures alleviated hypertension in unilateral
      disease.

PMID- 693863
TI  - Fatal neonatal pulmonary candidiasis.

PMID- 693864
TI  - The sphenoidal sinuses: radiographic patterns of normal development and abnormal
      findings in infants and children.
AB  - Developmental patterns of sphenoidal sinuses were determined from lateral
      radiographs of 1702 patients from newborn to 15 years of age. Pneumatization of
      the conchal sinuses was seen as early as 6 months of age; 90% showed sphenoidal
      sinus pneumatization by 4 years of age; 100% by 10 years of age. Extension of
      pneumatization into the basisphenoid may be evident after 4 years of age, and 95%
      showed basisphenoidal pneumatization after age 12. An apparent lack of
      pneumatization of the sphenoidal sinuses in patients over 10 should stimulate
      investigation for sphenoidal sinus disease. Although isolated sphenoidal sinus
      abnormalities were rare, sphenoidal sinus involvement was common (67--75%).

PMID- 693865
TI  - Measurements on hand radiographs from 32 cri-du-chat probands.
AB  - Various measurements were performed on the hand radiographs of 32 Danish cri-du
      chat probands. Mean pattern profiles were made for males, females, children, and
      adults. Metacarpal index and relative slenderness for metacarpals and proximal
      phalanges were calculated. The hands were smaller than in normal persons of the
      same sex and age. In most of the probands, the 3rd, 4th, and 5th metacarpals were
      disproportionately short, and the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th proximal phalanges were
      disproportionately long. Only 1 case had a positive metacarpal sign.

PMID- 693866
TI  - Supradiaphragmatic cyst following surgical repair of congenital diaphragmatic
      hernia.

PMID- 693867
TI  - The echographic characteristics of fatty tissues and tumors.
AB  - Fatty tissues and tumors have been described as characteristically cyst-like on
      ultrasound examination, with relatively few internal echoes. The authors offer
      several examples of lipomatous masses and tissues which are markedly echogenic.
      In vitro studies suggest that this is an inherent property of body fat and is not
      due to coexistent fibrous tissue or tumor vascularity. The echogenicity of fat
      has important implications for diagnostic ultrasound: (a) the presence of fat in
      tissues and masses may be demonstrated by ultrasound, and (b) because the high
      level internal echoes blend with the echo pattern of bowel gas and
      retroperitoneal fat, lipomatous abdominal masses may easily be overlooked.

PMID- 693868
TI  - Lipomatous tumors of the kidney and adrenal: apparent echographic specificity.
AB  - Several fatty tumors of the kidney and adrenal gland were evaluated by gray scale
      ultrasound. An extremely dense echogenic pattern was common to all lesions. There
      were three solitary angiomyolipomata (renal hamartoma), a presumed diffuse
      hamartomatous involvement of the kidney in a patient with tuberous sclerosis, and
      one myelolipoma of the adrenal gland. This marked echogenicity is thought to be a
      feature of fatty tumors and enables relatively specific preoperative diagnosis of
      these lesions, all of which are benign. With regard to renal angiomyolipoma, this
      assessment may allow conservative treatment and preservation of functioning renal
      tissue.

PMID- 693869
TI  - Gray-scale echography of the pancreas. Re-evaluation of normal size.
AB  - One hundred ultrasonograms of patients without pancreatic disease were reviewed.
      The head, neck, and body of the pancreas were measured in the longitudinal and
      transverse/oblique planes. The mean thickness of the pancreatic head was 2.01 +/-
      0.39 cm (standard deviation) in the longitudinal plane and 2.08 +/- 0.40 cm in
      the transverse/oblique plane. The same respective measurements were 1.18 +/- 0.36
      cm and 1.16 +/- 0.29 cm for the body and 1.00 +/- 0.30 cm and 0.95 +/- 0.26 cm
      for the neck. The anatomy and consistency of the normal and diseased pancreas are
      discussed.

PMID- 693870
TI  - Use of ultrasonography in planning intracavitary radiotherapy of endometrial
      carcinoma.
AB  - A diagnostic ultrasound examination is a simple and reliable method of obtaining
      anatomical information for intracavitary irradiation of endometrial carcinoma of
      the uterus. Scanning before treatment to determine uterine size and shape assists
      in choosing the most appropriate applicator. Scanning after insertion of an
      afterloading applicator facilitates calculation of radiation doses at critical
      points within and on the surface of the uterus. Poor applicator position can also
      be detected. Diagnostic ultrasound examinations should be adopted as a routine
      procedure in establishing intracavitary irradiation programs for adenocarcinoma
      of the uterine fundus.

PMID- 693871
TI  - Expectation of aplastic anemia following radiotherapy for malignancy.
AB  - In Japan after 1969, 11 cases of aplastic anemia following radiotherapy for
      malignant disease were detected. The population at risk in irradiated patients
      was estimated at 674, 664 man-years. The expected cases of aplastic anemia in
      this population were calculated as 10.1. There is no statistically significant
      difference between the expected and the observed values.

PMID- 693872
TI  - Application of radiographic magnification technique with an ultra-high-speed rare
      earth screen/film system to oral cholecystography.
AB  - 2X magnification employing a 200-mu focal spot and an Alpha 8-XM screen/film
      system was applied to oral cholecystography and the results compared with those
      for the conventional contact technique with the Par-RP system. The basic imaging
      properties of the system, as well as phantom studies, indicated that the image
      quality obtained with magnification is comparable to or better than that for the
      conventional technique. In clinical studies on the detection of gallstones, the
      conventional technique revealed 5 true-positive and 17 true-negative cases and 1
      false-positive and 2 false-negative cases, while the magnification technique
      provided 7 true-positive and 18 true-negative cases but no false cases. With the
      magnification technique the skin dose was reduced to approximately half that for
      the conventional contact technique.

PMID- 693873
TI  - Evaluation of mammographic screen-film systems.
AB  - Four screen-film systems were evaluated for their imaging properties in
      mammography, Modulation-transfer functions were measured at 40 kVp. Absolute
      screen-film sensitivities in mR and entrance exposures were measured with
      tungsten and molybdenum target tubes. Five radiologists viewed radiographs of a
      phantom containing microgranules of SiC ranging in diameter from 590 to 120
      micrometer. The Rarex-B screen--composed of yttrium oxysulfide--performed best,
      allowing phantom radiographs at 185 mR with image quality sufficient to
      demonstrate microgranules greater than 330 micrometer in dimension.

PMID- 693874
TI  - Hyperthermia and low dose-rate irradiation.
AB  - Hyperthermia combined with 60Co gamma irradiation was studied using V79 hamster
      cells cultured in vitro. Modest hyperthermia (41 degrees C for 6 hrs.) enhanced
      the cell killing produced by acute exposure to radiation. The same treatment
      enhanced the effect of low dose-rate irradiation (200 rads/hr.) even more. The
      sequence in which modest hyperthermia was combined with low dose-rate irradiation
      was important. Maximal enhancement was observed when hyperthermia was followed by
      irradiations. The probable explanation is that, by damaging the repair system,
      prior heat renders the cells unable to repair sublethal damage during subsequent
      low dose-rate irradiation.

PMID- 693875
TI  - Cytogenetic effects of contrast media and triiodobenzoic acid derivatives in
      human lymphocytes.
AB  - Micronuclei counts in blood samples from 9 patients before and after
      angiocardiography have confirmed previous results suggesting the diatrizoate
      contrast medium was largely responsible for the observed cytogenetic damage. To
      discover the agents in the medium causing the cytogenetic damage, we exposed
      human lymphocyte cultures to diatrizoate and to the monoamino- and diamino
      derivatives of triiodobenzoic acid. The results show the amino-derivatives are
      capable of inhibiting mitosis and inducing micronuclei and chromosome aberrations
      at lower concentrations than diatrizoate.

PMID- 693876
TI  - Dietary enhancement of intestinal radioresistance during fractionated
      irradiation.
AB  - Rats fed laboratory chow or elemental diet 3 were given fractions of 240 rads of
      60Co gamma-radiation abdominally (1200 rads/week) until all animals had died.
      Changes in appetite, body weight, and mortality were monitored as a function of
      the cumulative dose received. More radiation was needed in the diet-fed group to
      achieve both 0 and 100% mortality, a difference of 37% at the mean lethal dose
      level. Both groups developed similar progressive anorexia but the diet-fed
      animals lost weight more slowly. Data indicate that basic intestinal radio
      resistance is enhanced by feeding the elemental diet.

PMID- 693877
TI  - Preoperative diagnosis of potentially precancerous breast lesions by computed
      tomography breast scanner: preliminary study.
AB  - Eighteen cases of severe atypical epithelial hyperplasia of the breast were
      detected preoperatively by computed tomography breast scanner (CT/M) with
      contrast enhancement. The CT number before enhancement ranged from -17 to +31 and
      increased to 26 to 42 after enhancement (5.2-8.4% increase in attentuation).
      These data suggest that CT/M can differentiate these potentially precancerous
      lesions from benign fibrocystic disease.

PMID- 693878
TI  - Extrathoracic musculature mimicking pleural lesions.

PMID- 693879
TI  - Clinical use of transcatheter electrocoagulation.
AB  - Transcatheter electrocoagulation is an effective method of experimental vessel
      occlusion even in the presence of thrombocytopenia and heparinization. This
      technique was used to occlude 13 arteries in 3 patients. In vitro testing
      suggests that intra-arterial bipolar platinum electrodes may achieve the
      therapeutic objectives more rapidly and with less risk, but more investigative
      work is required.

PMID- 693880
TI  - Contrast agents lower ventricular fibrillation threshold.
AB  - Ventricular fibrillation thresholds were measured in anesthetized, closed-chest
      dogs during the injection of Renografin 76 or Conray 400 into the left coronary
      artery. Both agents significantly lowered fibrillation threshold--Renografin to
      58 +/- 7%; Conray to 20 +/- 5% of control, respectively. The experimental method
      estimates fibrillatory potential of contrast media more precisely than previous
      methods. The initial results parallel relative toxicities observed in clinical
      usage.

PMID- 693881
TI  - Imaging of canine tumors with 11C-methylputrescine.
AB  - The polyamines--putrescine, spermidine and spermine--are present in elevated
      concentrations in rapidly growing cell lines and in several neoplasms. Five dogs
      with benign or malignant tumors and one normal dog were imaged with a rectilinear
      scanner following I.V. administration of 2--8 mCi 11C-methylputrescine. High
      concentrations of 11C-methylputrescine were found in the liver, and in the
      kidneys and urine in the dogs with good renal function. Concentrations were
      higher in tumors than in skeletal muscle, blood or lung. The tumor/blood ratio
      varied from 2--21; tumors were demonstrated by imaging in four dogs in which the
      ratio exceeded 4.0. 11C-methylputrescine is a possible tumor imaging agent.

PMID- 693882
TI  - Multiple adjuvant therapy on a murine fibrosarcoma: actinomycin-D, X-irradiation
      and local tumor hyperthermia.
AB  - The tumoricidal activities of single dose x-irradiation (RAD) and concomitant
      Actinomycin D (AMD) with or without local tumor hyperthermia (LTH) on an in vivo
      Methylcholanthreme-induced fibrosarcoma (Meth-A) are described. The addition of
      LTH enhanced the actions of AMD, RAD and AMD + RAD; the trimodality treatment was
      most effective. Based on delay of tumor growth, the radiation dose reduction
      factors for AMD + RAD + LTH compared to RAD; AMD + RAD + LTH, were approximately
      2.8, 2.1, and 1.8, respectively. The shape of the curves suggests a further
      decrease in the ability of the tumor cell to repair sublethal damage with AMD +
      RAD + LTH. The clinical relevance is not determined.

PMID- 693883
TI  - 137Cs afterloading intrauterine packing for stage I and stage II adenocarcinoma
      of the endometrium.
AB  - Eleven patients with Stage I or Stage II adenocarcinoma of the endometrium were
      treated with 137Cs afterloading intrauterine packing. Treatment results and
      complications were similar to those obtained with radium afterloading tandems and
      colpostats (20 patients) and Heyman packing (2 patients). 137Cs is preferable in
      patients with roomy or irregular intrauterine cavities and also offers reduced
      radiation exposure to personnel.

PMID- 693884
TI  - The intravertebral vacuum cleft: a sign of ischemic vertebral collapse.
AB  - A gas-density cleft within a transverse separation of the vertebral body,
      appearing in extension and disappearing in flexion, was observed in 10 cases of
      vertebral collapse at the thoraco-lumbar junction. The patients were 55 to 83
      years old (mean, 68) and 7 of them were on chronic corticosteroid therapy. Such
      an intravertebral cleft has not been found by the authors in vertebral collapse
      of tumoral, inflammatory, or traumatic origin and is thought to represent
      ischemic vertebral fracture. This sign could be helpful in the differential
      diagnosis of vertebral collapse in elderly patients.

PMID- 693885
TI  - A modified T-tube for use after nonoperative biliary stone removal.

PMID- 693886
TI  - A level marker for whole-body computed tomography.

PMID- 693887
TI  - Simplified bilateral selective catheterization of the uterine artery.

PMID- 693888
TI  - 60Co equipment malfunction.

PMID- 693889
TI  - Gas contrast radiography of ileal conduits.

PMID- 693890
TI  - A thinner, more flexible enema tip for the primary double-contrast colon
      examination.

PMID- 693891
TI  - Medical malpractice insurance. Part II. Some proposed solutions.
AB  - Organized groups of physicians should be considered potential initiators of any
      concerted effort to solve the medical malpractice problem. This may occur by a
      number of means, among them (a) establishment of malpractice review panels, (b) a
      patient's compensation board, (c) no-fault malpractice insurance, (d)
      substitution of claims-made insurance policies for the present-occurrence system
      now in use, and (e) malpractice insurance funds supported by insurance premiums
      and administered by panels composed in part of insured physicians. Cooperation
      between the insurance industry and the legal and medical professions might make
      it unnecessary for external agencies to impose regulations and policies at some
      future date.

PMID- 693892
TI  - The tumbling bolt: a new sign of deep soft-tissue abscess following Richards
      fixation.

PMID- 693893
TI  - Hand changes in primary biliary cirrhosis.
AB  - The radiographic findings in the hands of 13 patients with primary biliary
      cirrhosis are described. Erosive arthritis was present in 12 of the 13 cases.
      Seven patients hand osteopenia due to hepatic osteodystrophy. Intraosseous lytic
      defects were present in 3 cases. Chondrocalcinosis, a previously unreported
      finding, was seen in 2 patients, and one exhibited hypertrophic osteoarthropathy.
      The significance of these radiographic findings is discussed.

PMID- 693894
TI  - Chemical pneumonitis after the intravenous injection of hydrocarbon.
AB  - A case reported in which a man intravenously injected himself with a hydrocarbon
      insecticide. The radiographic findings and clinical course were typical for
      hydrocarbon pneumonia. Symptoms developed almost immediately and radiographic
      findings cleared within 72 hours. Because the hydrocarbon was introduced
      intravenously, the role of aspiration in the development of hydrocarbon
      pneumonitis is obviated.

PMID- 693895
TI  - Radiographic characteristics of male breast cancer.
AB  - The authors studied 171 male breast tumors (20 cancers and 151 benign lesions)
      from 1969 to 1977. A proposed symptomatic triad can lead to an early radiological
      diagnosis of male breast cancer, even without evidence of advanced disease: small
      mass, well defined contours, and eccentric location in relation to the nipple.

PMID- 693896
TI  - Thickness of the descending aortic wall: an unreliable angiographic sign for
      dissecting aneurysms.
AB  - A large fusiform atherosclerotic aneurysm of the aorta with a long, thick,
      laminated, calcified thrombus mimicked the angiographic appearance of a
      dissection of the descending aorta with a 20-mm wide thrombosed false channel.
      Therefore, an increase in the width of the aortic wall exceeding 10 mm may not be
      a uniformly reliable sign for dissecting aneurysms of the descending aorta.

PMID- 693898
TI  - Transhepatic dilatation of choledochoenterostomy strictures.
AB  - During the last seven years percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (THD) was
      used in 13 patients to relieve obstructive jaundice caused by postsurgical
      stricture. Nine patients had internal drainage with dilatation, and external
      drainage alone was feasible or available in 4 patients. Of these 4, 2 had further
      reconstructive surgery without lasting results, jaundice was not completely
      relieved in 1 because of biliary cirrhosis, and 1 died in hepatic coma from
      sclerosing cholangitis. Eight patients treated with internal drainage and
      dilatation became asymptomatic with normal serum bilirubin values; the ninth
      patient, with biliary cirrhosis and portal hypertension, improved only
      moderately.

PMID- 693897
TI  - Experimental internal iliac artery embolization: evaluation of low viscosity
      silicone rubber, isobutyl 2-cyanoacrylate, and carbon microspheres.
AB  - The angiographic, morphologic, and histologic effects of carbon microspheres,
      isobutyl 2-cyanoacrylate (IBC), and low viscosity silicone rubber (LVSR) were
      compared. Carbon spheres did not effectively occlude the internal iliac artery,
      but resulted in small vessel occlusions leading to the most frequent
      complications. IBC was effective in causing occlusion but resulted in significant
      inflammatory changes within the thrombus and vessel wall. LVSR gave satisfactory
      occlusion without inciting vessel wass inflammatory reaction. Two of 4 animals
      developed a hind extremity paralysis. None of these materials is approved for
      general intravascular usage.

PMID- 693899
TI  - Mach bands in cine coronary arteriography.

PMID- 693900
TI  - Computed tomographic brain scanning in patients with lymphoma.
AB  - A retrospective study of 118 lymphoma patients revealed the computed tomographic
      brain scan to be sensitive to involvement of the orbit and the brain parenchyma
      by lymphoma. Brain parenchymal lymphoma was seen only in diffuse histiocytic
      lymphoma; dural infiltration was less readily detected. Leptomeningeal lymphoma
      could not be directly demonstrated by the CT scan, even with the use of
      intravenous contrast medium. Serial CT scans contributed to patient care by
      differentiating the sometimes confusing nonlymphomatous brain lesions.

PMID- 693901
TI  - Chest film detection of coronary artery calcification. The value of the CAC
      triangle.
AB  - Eighty-six adult patients were studied by PA chest film and fluoroscopy for
      coronary artery calcification (CAC). A triangular area (CAC triangle) along the
      left mid-heart border of the PA chest film was used in identifying CAC. Of 57
      patients, 24 (42%) with CAC observed fluoroscopically had a strongly suspected or
      positive CAC triangle. The CAC triangle in the PA chest film has proved useful in
      identifying coronary artery calcification on the plain film.

PMID- 693902
TI  - Computed tomography of intraorbital optic nerve gliomas in children.
AB  - Optic nerve gliomas were diagnosed with computed tomography (CT) in 10 children.
      CT: (A) provides the best radiographic means of demonstrating the orbital portion
      of the optic nerves; (b) can evaluate the clinically unsuspected optic nerve for
      bilateral gliomas; (c) demonstrates gross intracranial involvement; and (d) can
      be used to follow the course of a glioma. Gliomas can present on CT as (a) a
      uniform thickening of the entire nerve; (b) a solitary fusiform enlargement of
      the nerve; or (c) an irregular solid thickening along the nerve. The authors
      routinely use axial CT of optic nerves as the primary diagnostic scan.

PMID- 693903
TI  - Oblique computed tomography for orbital mass lesions.

PMID- 693904
TI  - Direct sagittal computed tomographic scans of the face and paranasal sinuses.
AB  - Sagittal CT scans regenerated from the axial scan data have utilized multiple
      thin overlapping cuts to reduce noise level. Even with this technique, computer
      rearranged scans provide less than optimal delineation of the intracranial and
      facial structures. The authors obtained direct sagittal scans of the head using a
      special accessory table adapted for use in wide aperture whole body scanners.
      These positional or true sagittal scans have spatial and density resolution
      nearly equal to that achieved in the standard axial plane. The table
      configuration is described. Normal sagittal CT anatomy of the face is compared to
      gross anatomical sections, specimen radiographs, and plain film tomograms.

PMID- 693905
TI  - Comparison of computed tomography, ultrasonography, and gallium-67 scanning in
      the evaluation of suspected abdominal abscess.
AB  - A retrospective study was made of 29 consecutive patients who were evaluated for
      suspected abdominal abscess by at least two of three imaging modalities: gallium
      67 scanning, ultrasonography, and computed tomography. No statistically
      significant difference in accuracy of the findings could be demonstrated.
      Consideration of the advantages and disadvantages of each imaging modality will
      often indicate which to use in an individual case. Findings from the three
      imaging techniques sometimes provided complementary rather than identical
      information.

PMID- 693906
TI  - Traumatic narrowing of the dorsolumbar spinal canal demonstrated by computed
      tomography.

PMID- 693907
TI  - Mass-spectrometric sequence studies of lipid-linked oligosaccharides: blood-group
      fucolipids, gangliosides and related cell-surface receptors.

PMID- 693908
TI  - [Topics in recent cancer research (author's transl)].

PMID- 693909
TI  - [Comments on cancer research in Japan (author's transl)].

PMID- 693910
TI  - [Basic research and clinical application (author's transl)].

PMID- 693911
TI  - [Maintenance of strains and stocks of laboratory animals for cancer research
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 693912
TI  - [Carcinogen bioassay in experimental animals (author's transl)].

PMID- 693913
TI  - [Lyonization of X chromosome].

PMID- 693914
TI  - [Easily constructed mini two-dimensional isoelectric focusing-SDS gel
      electrophoresis (author's transl)].

PMID- 693915
TI  - Myrmicacin, a new inhibitor for mitotic progression after metaphase.

PMID- 693917
TI  - Effect of meclofenamate on renal vascular resistance in early Goldblatt
      hypertension in conscious and anesthetized dog.
AB  - Blood pressure and renal blood flow were monitored in conscious normotensive (N)
      and 2-kidney Goldblatt hypertensive (H) dogs. Plasma renin activity was
      signficantly increased 4--8 days after partial renal artery occlusion. At this
      time intravenous administration of meclofenamate, 5 mg/kg, had no effect on blood
      pressure in the N or H or on renal vascular resistance in the N or in the H
      (contralateral kidney). The renal vasoconstrictor response to angiotensin II was
      increased in duration by meclofenamate in both the N and H. In contrast to the
      absence of an effect of meclofenamate on renal vascular resistance in the
      conscious dog, the synthesis inhibitor caused a consistent increase in RVR in the
      N and H when they were anesthetized in the terminal experiment. These results
      suggest the lack of an influence of prostaglandins on renal vascular resistance
      in the unaffected kidney in Goldblatt hypertension.

PMID- 693918
TI  - Effects of intracerebroventricular administration of PGE1, E2 and F2alpha on
      electrically induced convulsions in mice.
AB  - Intracerebroventricular administration of prostaglandins E1 or E2 was shown to
      block, while PGF2alpha increased the incidence of tonic convulsion due to
      electroshock in mice. The Prostaglandins were administered
      intracerebroventicularly (i.c.v.) to conscious mice by a modification of Haley
      and McCormick's method (1) prior to a transcorneal maximal electroshock (MES) or
      a transcorneal supra-maximal electroshock (SMES). PGE1 and PGE2 i.c.v. blocked
      the tonic hindlimb extension (THE) and protected the animals from death induced
      by MES with ED50's for PGE1 and PGE2 for inhibition of the THE of 6.6 (4.3--12.0)
      microgram/mouse i.c.v. and 13.3 (8.9--22.4) microgram/mouse i.c.v. respectively.
      When PGE2 was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) in doses as high as 4.0 mg/kg
      it did not block the THE. However, the duration of the THE as well as the
      mortality were reduced by doses of 0.5--4.0 mg/kg PGE2 i.p.. Both PGE1 and PGE2
      were shown to cause a dose related significant (p less than .001) decrease in the
      duration of the THE with SMES in doses of 1--10 microgram/mouse i.c.v. for PGE1
      and 2--40 microgram/mouse i.c.v. for PGE2. PGF2alpha, administered i.c.v. prior
      to a transcorneal electroshock equivalent to a current at the ED1 level,
      increased the incidence of the THE as well as the mortality in doses of 20--50
      microgram/mouse.

PMID- 693916
TI  - Progesterone, 20alpha-dihydroprogesterone and PGF; interrelated hormonal changes
      during pseudo-pregnancy in the rat.
AB  - Ovarian and uterine tissue concentrations of progesterone, 20alpha
      dihydroprogesterone (20alphaOHP) and prostaglandin F (PGF) were measured during
      hormonally-induced pseudopregnancy, as were plasma levels of progesterone and
      20alphaOHP, in hysterectomised and sham-operated rats. Elevated levels of PGF in
      uterine and ovarian tissues were coincident with declining concentrations of
      progesterone and increasing concentrations of 20alphaOHP in the sham-operated
      rats. Maximum PGF concentrations were apparent in uterine tissue 14 days after
      hCG injection, coincident with the plasma, ovarian and uterine nadir
      concentrations of progesterone. A small but statistically significant increase in
      ovarian PGF was apparent at this time in sham-operated rats. This elevation of
      ovarian PGF was abolished by hysterectomy.

PMID- 693919
TI  - Prostaglandin D2, another renal prostaglandin?
AB  - Prostaglandin (PG) D2 was biosynthesized by rabbit renal papillae incubates in
      vitro. Quantification of the renal prostaglandins by gas chromatography-mass
      spectroscopy demonstrated that the concentration of PGD2 generated by renal
      papillae was 1/6 to 1/10 the amount of PGE2 or about 1microgram/g tissue/30 min.
      Infusion of the sodium salt of PGD2 into the renal artery of the dog produced a
      dose related increase in renal blood flow and urine flow, free water clearance,
      sodium excretion and potassium excretion without changes in systemic
      hemodynamics. At low doses PGD2 increased renal blood flow to all cortical zones.
      Higher concentrations of PGD2 produced a shift in the intrarenal distribution of
      blood flow toward the juxtamedullary nephrons.

PMID- 693920
TI  - The effect of indomethacin on the biosynthesis and metabolism of prostaglandin
      F2alpha in man.
AB  - Healthy volunteers received 60 microgram of [8,10,10(-2)H3] PGF2alpha by
      intravenous infusion both before and during a course of treatment with
      indomethacin (200 mg/day). Excretion of deuterated 5alpha, 7alpha-dihydroxy-11
      ketotetranor-prostane-1, 16-dioic acid in urine was quantified by GC-MS using a
      reverse stable isotope dilution procedure. Indomethacin was found to have no
      detectable effect on the metabolism of the labelled PGF2alpha whereas output of
      the endogenous metabolite was markedly reduced by the effect of the drug on
      prostaglandin biosynthesis.

PMID- 693921
TI  - Ductus arteriosus: developmental response to oxygen and indomethacin.

PMID- 693922
TI  - [Collagen and diseases connected with its metabolic disturbances].

PMID- 693923
TI  - [Epidemiology of syphilis and gonorrhea in Poland in 1977].

PMID- 693924
TI  - [Hemagglutination reaction with an antigen prepared from Nichols Spirochaete].

PMID- 693925
TI  - [Rapid reagin reaction test (USR) and its comparison with the VDRL reaction].

PMID- 693926
TI  - [Causes of delayed syphilis diagnosis in patients hospitalized at the Dermatology
      Hospital at Przasnik in 1974-1976].

PMID- 693928
TI  - [Osteo-arthro-onychodysplasia (nail-patella syndrome)].

PMID- 693927
TI  - [Non-specific urethritis].

PMID- 693929
TI  - [Poikiloderma atrophicans following Synalar ointment treatment].

PMID- 693930
TI  - [Kaposi's sarcoma].

PMID- 693931
TI  - [Therapeutic value of staphylococcin A in pyoderma].

PMID- 693932
TI  - [Surgical treatment of basocellular epithelioma in the records of Dermatology,
      Medical Academy in Katowice].

PMID- 693933
TI  - [Myco-Polycid in the treatment of skin mycoses].

PMID- 693935
TI  - [Urticaria. I. Classification, etiology and pathogenesis].

PMID- 693934
TI  - [Preliminary evaluation of Niphimycin ointment in the treatment of skin diseases
      caused by yeasts and fungi].

PMID- 693936
TI  - [Botulism].

PMID- 693937
TI  - [Viral hepatitis].

PMID- 693938
TI  - [Poliomyelitis].

PMID- 693939
TI  - [Tetanus].

PMID- 693940
TI  - [Zoonoses].

PMID- 693942
TI  - [Trichinosis].

PMID- 693941
TI  - [Rabies].

PMID- 693944
TI  - [Taeniasis].

PMID- 693943
TI  - [Intestinal parasites].

PMID- 693945
TI  - [Incidence of neurological diseases and health services accessibility].

PMID- 693946
TI  - [Method of detection of a relationship and interaction between several variables
      in the analysis of epidemiological data].

PMID- 693947
TI  - [Suggestion for a first-grade specialization in hygiene and epidemiology].

PMID- 693948
TI  - [Parasitic invasions in Vietnamese citizens arriving in Poland].

PMID- 693949
TI  - [General epidemiological situation in Poland. Selection of areas for an analysis
      of various infectious diseases].

PMID- 693950
TI  - [Measles in Poland].

PMID- 693951
TI  - [Whooping cough].

PMID- 693952
TI  - [Scarlet fever].

PMID- 693953
TI  - [Epidemic parotitis].

PMID- 693954
TI  - [Influenza].

PMID- 693955
TI  - [Rubella].

PMID- 693956
TI  - [Meningoencephalitis and encephalitis].

PMID- 693957
TI  - [Salmonellosis].

PMID- 693958
TI  - [Etiopathogenesis and immunosuppressive and immunostimulating therapy of chronic
      hepatitis].

PMID- 693959
TI  - [Bacillary dysentery].

PMID- 693960
TI  - [Food poisoning].

PMID- 693961
TI  - [Leptospirosis in the Katowice region in the years 1968-1976].

PMID- 693962
TI  - [Cerebrospinal fluid cytology in meningitis caused by Leptospira].

PMID- 693963
TI  - [Cellular reaction in the cerebrospinal fluid in purulent meningitis].

PMID- 693964
TI  - [Serum haptoglobulin level and its significance in the differential diagnosis of
      jaundice].

PMID- 693965
TI  - [Expenditures connected with viral hepatitis].

PMID- 693966
TI  - [Imported malaria].

PMID- 693967
TI  - [Measles encephalitis in children. Report of 15 cases treated at the Infectious
      Diseases Department in Radom].

PMID- 693968
TI  - [Sepsis caused by candidiasis].

PMID- 693969
TI  - [Case of multifocal cutaneous leishmaniosis].

PMID- 693970
TI  - [Hypotheses on the effectiveness of the psychoanalytic basic rules].

PMID- 693971
TI  - [Increasing intolerance in the German Federal Republic].

PMID- 693972
TI  - [Psychoanalysis of femininity].

PMID- 693973
TI  - [Current discussion of female sexuality in the psychoanalytic movement. A
      critical report].

PMID- 693974
TI  - [The controversy regarding psychoanalysis in the feminist movement].

PMID- 693976
TI  - [The atherosclerosis risk factors and pathways of prevention (author's transl)].

PMID- 693975
TI  - [Civilisational diseases as a basic health problem of modern industrially
      developed societies (author's transl)].

PMID- 693977
TI  - [The curves of the cholesterol and the esterified fatty acids concentration after
      administration of fat in two groups of workers of Lenins Huta (author's transl)].

PMID- 693978
TI  - [The concentration of esterified fatty acids and of cholesterol in the blood
      serum of the metallurgic establishment Lenin's Huta workers with coronary disease
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 693979
TI  - [Population studies of the serum cholesterol concentration as the atherosclerosis
      risk factor (author's transl)].

PMID- 693980
TI  - [Population studies of the triglycerides concentration in the evaluation of
      atherosclerosis risk (author's transl)].

PMID- 693981
TI  - [Triglycerides and phospholipids in the intravenous lipid tolerance test in men
      with myocardial infarction aged more than 45 years (author's transl)].

PMID- 693982
TI  - [The blood serum lipids in patients with atherosclerosis after single load with
      lecithins (author's transl)].

PMID- 693983
TI  - [The lipid disorders in the blood serum in men with myocardial infarction and
      coronary diseases aged less than 45 years (author's transl)].

PMID- 693984
TI  - [Effect of drugs changing the rate of lipolysis and of muscular exercise on the
      level of free fatty acids and triglycerides in the blood (author's transl)].

PMID- 693986
TI  - [Thromboplastic and fibrynolytic activity of the blood in primary and secondary
      hyperlipoproteinemias (author's transl)].

PMID- 693985
TI  - [Phospholipids and its fractions in the blood serum in primary and secondary
      hyperlipoproteinemia (author's transl)].

PMID- 693987
TI  - [Thromboplastic and fibrynolytic activity of the blood after administration of
      intralipid in men with history of myocardial infarction up to 45 year of life
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 693988
TI  - [The blood glucose concentration in workers of Nowa Huta establishment with
      coronary disease (author's transl)].

PMID- 693989
TI  - [The evaluation of glycemia and glucose tolerance test in subject threatened by
      atherosclerosis (author's transl)].

PMID- 693990
TI  - [The oral glucose tolerance test in men with obesity, hypertension and
      hypercholesterolemia (author's transl)].

PMID- 693991
TI  - [Effect of elevated level of free fatty acids on dynamics of the left heart
      ventricle systole in polycardiographic study (author's transl)].

PMID- 693992
TI  - [Investigations on the lipid metabolism in patients with chronic alcoholism
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 693993
TI  - [Fat metabolism in liver diseases (author's transl)].

PMID- 693994
TI  - [The lipid fractions studied by means of electrophoresis as a screening test of
      atherosclerosis (author's transl)].

PMID- 693995
TI  - [Turbidimetric method as a screening procedure for hyperlipoproteinemia detection
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 693996
TI  - [The use of simple biochemical methods in determination of atherosclerosis risk
      factors and standarization of the methods (author's transl)].

PMID- 693997
TI  - [The occurence of hyperlipoproteinemia (according to Fredrickson's
      classification) in the early and the late period of myocardial infarction
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 693998
TI  - [The occurence of hyperlipoproteinemia in population of men aged 40--59 years
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 693999
TI  - [Anthropometric methods used in the obesity diagnosis and significance of its
      selection for evaluation of relationship between obesity and lipoproteinemia
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 694000
TI  - [The frequency of overweight in the male population aged 40--59 professionally
      active (author's transl)].

PMID- 694001
TI  - [Obesity and coronary disease among workers of metallurgic establishment Lenin's
      Huta (author's transl)].

PMID- 694002
TI  - [The coronary disease risk factors in subjects with overweight--population
      studies (author's transl)].

PMID- 694003
TI  - [Arterial hypertension and coronary disease among workers of metallurgic
      establishment Lenin's Huta (author's transl)].

PMID- 694004
TI  - [The velocity of the pulse wave in workers with coronary disease in metallurgic
      establishment Lenin' Huta (author's transl)].

PMID- 694005
TI  - [Reactions of arterial pressure to cold test in atherosclerosis (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 694006
TI  - [The coronary disease risk factors in subjects with low physical activity in
      population studies (author's transl)].

PMID- 694007
TI  - [The menace of coronary disease in population of men in South Poland (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 694008
TI  - [Some clinical and chemical indices of atherosclerosis in patients with diabetes
      during 10 years lasting observation (author's transl)].

PMID- 694009
TI  - [The results of dietetic treatment of obesity in outpatients care (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 694010
TI  - [The attitude of workers of selected industrial establishment in Warsaw to some
      risk factors of the coronary disease with special reference to rational nutrition
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 694011
TI  - [The role of the nutritional habits change in the programm of the coronary
      disease prevention (author's transl)].

PMID- 694012
TI  - [The results of the second year realization of the health education programm
      devoted the prevention of the coronary disease (author's transl)].

PMID- 694013
TI  - [The role of severe dietetic restrictions in evident lowering of some risk
      factors (author's transl)].

PMID- 694014
TI  - [Health resort prevention of atherosclerosis (author's transl)].

PMID- 694015
TI  - [Treatment of malabsorbtion syndrome after gastric and small bowel resection with
      nutrient with high MCT content (author's transl)].

PMID- 694016
TI  - [The use remnants-free gasterin preparation in the nutrition of subjects with
      disorders of digestive tract (author's transl)].

PMID- 694017
TI  - [The use of elementary diet in children with hunger disease (author's transl)].

PMID- 694018
TI  - [Current opinions on the occurence of atherosclerotic alterations in children in
      relationship to the mode of nutrition (author's transl)].

PMID- 694019
TI  - [Nutritive value of average Polish diets typical for some social and economic
      groups. Part I. Basic and mineral constituents (author's transl)].

PMID- 694020
TI  - [Nutritive value of average Polish diets typical for some social and economic
      groups. Part II. Vitamins and polyunsaturated fatty acids (author's transl)].

PMID- 694021
TI  - [Energy level in daily food rations consumed by the rural population (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 694022
TI  - [The protein content in daily food rations consumed by the country population
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 694023
TI  - [The consumption of fat, cellulose, and cholesterol in daily food rations of
      women in rural areas (author's transl)].

PMID- 694024
TI  - [Analysis of the mode of nutrition of rural population in selected farms in the
      light of prevention of metabolic civilizational diseases (author's transl)].

PMID- 694025
TI  - [Anthropometric indices of the nutrition state of selected populations in Poznan
      district and Zielona Gora region and the occurrence of some civilizational
      diseases (author's transl)].

PMID- 694026
TI  - [Food habits of chosen population of Poznan and Zielona Gora region and the
      incidence of some civilization diseases (author's transl)].

PMID- 694027
TI  - [Some biochemical indices of the nutrition state of selected population of the
      Poznan and the Zielona Gora districts and the occurrence of civilizational
      diseases (author's transl)].

PMID- 694028
TI  - [Evaluation of the mode of nutrition in metallurgists (author's transl)].

PMID- 694030
TI  - [The trial of evaluation of the mode of nutrition preventing the coronary disease
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 694029
TI  - [Preliminary evaluation of dietary patterns of men aged 40 to 59 years,
      professionally active (author's transl)].

PMID- 694031
TI  - [Alterations in the mode of nutrition and level of cholesterol and body weight-
      one year duration observation (author's transl)].

PMID- 694032
TI  - [The effect of the diet composition on selected parameters of lipid metabolism
      and physical development of infants (author's transl)].

PMID- 694033
TI  - [Etiological studies on deficiencies of some mineral components in the human body
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 694034
TI  - Nutritional aspects of obesity in Bulgaria.

PMID- 694035
TI  - [Effect of source and level of protein in the diet on iron metabolism (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 694036
TI  - [The consumption of fats and the chemical composition of animal organism
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 694037
TI  - [The protein--energetic system as a factor regulating the fat deposition process
      in the body (author's transl)].

PMID- 694038
TI  - [Disturbance of some enzymes processes in hens after chronic effect of the noise
      stress (author's transl)].

PMID- 694039
TI  - [Training in human nutrition at agricultural universities (author's transl)].

PMID- 694040
TI  - [The role and tasks of consumer education in the light of consumption of
      nutritional products (author's transl)].

PMID- 694041
TI  - [The role new forms of organization of agricultural production in the dynamics of
      food production (author's transl)].

PMID- 694042
TI  - [Changes in contemporary human food consumption pattern (author's transl)].

PMID- 694043
TI  - [The rate of food consumption increase as a measure of changes in human standard
      of living (author's transl)].

PMID- 694044
TI  - [The content and composition of fibre in foodstuffs (author's transl)].

PMID- 694045
TI  - [Experimental production of dietary products for use in clinical dietetics
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 694046
TI  - [Technology of sugar-free protein preparates production for pharmaceutical
      purposes (author's transl)].

PMID- 694047
TI  - [Natural antiatherosclerotic substances in nutritional products (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 694048
TI  - [The protein products from fishes as a component of proteins in dietetics
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 694049
TI  - [Antineoplastones (author's transl)].

PMID- 694050
TI  - [The significance of hemodilution in radiological examinations of vessels using
      contrast medium (author's transl)].

PMID- 694051
TI  - [The parameters of dynamics of the left heart ventricle systole in patients with
      disturbances of rhythm and conduction accompanying the bradycardia (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 694052
TI  - [The reticulocytes in the diagnostics and the treatment of anemias (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 694053
TI  - [The level of immunoreactive gastrin (IRG) in blood serum of children (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 694054
TI  - [Imperfections and advantages of some methods of controlled hypothermia and
      hemodilution used in extracorporeal circulation (author's transl)].

PMID- 694055
TI  - [Principles of diagnostics of intoxications with poisonous fungi with special
      reference to diagnosis and treatment of intoxication caused by Amanita phalloides
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 694056
TI  - [The tuberculin reaction in patients with malignant tumors of lungs (preliminary
      report) (author's transl)].

PMID- 694057
TI  - [X-ray diagnosis of benign breast calcifications (author's transl)].

PMID- 694058
TI  - [X-ray examination of the lacrimal passages. Study of the lacrimal canaliculi].

PMID- 694059
TI  - [Sialography with flexible catheters in infants and children (author's transl)].

PMID- 694060
TI  - [Contribution of angiographic examination to the study of traumatic lesions of
      the liver].

PMID- 694061
TI  - [Selective thymic phlebography. Technique and indications (author's transl)].

PMID- 694062
TI  - [Pigmented villonodular synovitis. Roentgenographic aspects and its differential
      diagnosis (author's transl)].

PMID- 694063
TI  - [Pseudotumors in haemophiliacs. Pathogenesis and radiological aspects (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 694064
TI  - [Section of Oncological Radiotherapy of SIRMN. Report on the current status of
      oncological radiotherapy in public hospitals in Italy].

PMID- 694065
TI  - [Clinical and therapeutic aspects of subphrenic abscess].

PMID- 694066
TI  - [Clinical forms and therapeutic indications of reflux peptic esophagitis].

PMID- 694067
TI  - ["Giant" gastric ulcer].

PMID- 694068
TI  - [Phlegmonous gastritis].

PMID- 694069
TI  - [Evaluation of total operative risk in surgery].

PMID- 694070
TI  - [Risks of embolectomy with the Fogarty catheter].

PMID- 694071
TI  - [Use of transcranial traction in cervical spinal cord injuries (experience of the
      Sibiu Neurosurgical Service)].

PMID- 694072
TI  - [Late results (10 years) after complete arterialization of the cirrhotic liver].
AB  - The authors present the results obtained after 10 years in two patients with
      hepatic cirrhosis in whom arterialization was carried out, of the liver, in
      association with a portocaval, or as an isolated intervention. These 2 cases
      represent the longest post-operative follow-ups of a group of 29 patients in whom
      hepatic arterilization was performed. The authors have used an original procedure
      of arterialization through the re-permeabilized ombilical vein. In the paper are
      given indications on the method on the basis of the experience acquired between
      1965 and 1976.

PMID- 694073
TI  - [Ulcer on the presternal tube after esophagoplasty of the greater curvature of
      the stomach].
AB  - Two cases are discussed, of ulcerations that have developed on the pre-sternal
      tube following oesophagoplasty according to the D. Gavriliu procedure. In the
      first case the ulceration determined stenozing of the pre-sternal tube
      necessitating a by-pass at the lower end of the tube with iso-peristaltic
      transverse colon. In the second case an external fistula developed at the level
      of the ulceration. After excision and restoration of the tube continuity by
      suture two more ulcerative episodes were noted, that benefited from drug
      treatment and excision of the ulceration.

PMID- 694075
TI  - [Isolated gastric lymphogranulomatosis].

PMID- 694074
TI  - [Postoperative acute necrotizing enteritis].
AB  - The authors present a case of acute necrotizing enteritis, occuring after
      anexectomy and drainage that had been performed for ruptured pyosalpinx. There
      was difficulty in the macroscopic assessement of the lesions, and this made
      necessary resection of over 2 m of ileon. The diagnosis was established by
      histologic examination. Operatory recovery was obtained, in contrast with
      unfavourable results mentioned in the literature.

PMID- 694076
TI  - [Spring thumb in adults].

PMID- 694077
TI  - [Surgical anatomy of the vagus nerve].
AB  - In the paper are reviewed the data from the literature and the personal
      observations of the authors which indicate that the vagus nerve trunks have a
      mixed fiber structure, different from that indicated by the classical
      descriptions of the vagus nerves. A series of details are presented, concerning
      the radius of distribution of vagal emanations in the sub-diaphragmatic
      territory. Special stress is laid on the innervation of the surgical aspects are
      mentioned, and of pathological physiology, with theoretical implications, as well
      of practical importance for troncular vagotomy.

PMID- 694078
TI  - [Postoperative stenosis of the principal biliary passages].

PMID- 694079
TI  - [Problems in diagnosis and treatment of gallbladder cancer].

PMID- 694080
TI  - [Traumatic lesions of the stomach].
AB  - In 53 patients with traumatic lesions of the stomach hospitalized between 1967
      and 1975 in the Emergency Hospital of Bucharest a death-rate of 17% was noted,
      determined by the complexity of visceral associated lesions. The etiology was the
      following: 34 wounds by knife, 3 due to ricocheted bolt and 16 by abdominal
      contusions. The authors stress the necessity for careful and accurate exploration
      of the abdominal cavity during surgery and the posterior aspect of the stomach
      should be visualized through the bursa omentalis. The technique should be
      individualized for each particular case.

PMID- 694081
TI  - [Postoperative stenosis of the principal biliary passages. Diagnostic aspects and
      surgical management].

PMID- 694082
TI  - [Role of the articular immobilization position in prevention of post-traumatic
      rigidity in humans].
AB  - The position in which the articulation is immobilized is in fact the pattern in
      which capsular fibrosis and of the connective tissue is settled. It will also
      determine the degree of remanent articular mobility. The author does not
      recommend immobilization in the so-called "functional" position since this does
      not prevent the developement of articular rigidity and is even responsible for
      their developement. In view of maintaining the articular function when the
      articulation itself is involved or when it is immobilized due to lesions in its
      vicinity, immobilization should be made in a position allowing for maximal
      elongation of the connective fibers in the area which depends from the vascular
      and nervous viewpoint from the traumatic lesion, or that which is involved by
      surgery, that is in positions which are quite different from those used at
      present.

PMID- 694083
TI  - [Perineoscrotal gas gangrene].

PMID- 694084
TI  - [Postoperative alkaline reflux gastritis].
AB  - A statistic is discussed, concerning 88 cases of troncular vagotomies in which a
      total of 12 cases of reflux alcaline gastritis are mentioned. One of these
      necessitated a reintervention which is presented in detail. Reflux postoperative
      gastritis is a well defined entity in the group of disturbances occuring in
      patients with stomach surgical interventions. The cause is the bile reflux and
      that of alcaline duodenal fluids in the gastric stump. Short-circuiting of this
      reflux by a Roux-type anastomosis is the preferred procedure due to its
      simplicity and efficiency.

PMID- 694085
TI  - [Pott's puffy pseudotumor].
AB  - This exceptionally rare pseudotumor of the vessels of the cranium still generates
      diagnostic discussions and attempts at establishing therapeutic indications. The
      case presented here (the second one in the romanian medical literature) had
      forensic implications and necessitated careful appraisal of the relationship
      between aggression and previous lesions of the bone, that occured at the same
      time or that followed the trauma.

PMID- 694086
TI  - [Hydatid cysts of plurivisceral localizations in a child].

PMID- 694087
TI  - [Retention serous cyst of the prostate].

PMID- 694088
TI  - [A case of W. Achenbach's syndrome].

PMID- 694089
TI  - [Caudal spinal block].

PMID- 694090
TI  - [Mobile intensive care units. Review of the literature and presentation of a
      model].

PMID- 694091
TI  - [Periodic hemodialysis, anemia and iron deficiency. Etiopathogenic diagnosis and
      therapeutic aspects].

PMID- 694092
TI  - [Levels of somatotropic hormone in plasma and growth changes in patients with
      cystic fibrosis].

PMID- 694093
TI  - [Hepatocutaneous porphyria in Spain: report of 26 cases. II. Morphological
      aspects].

PMID- 694094
TI  - [Anti Brucella canis antibodies in different population groups. A
      seroepidemiological study].

PMID- 694095
TI  - [F2a prostaglandin as a method of inducing labor].

PMID- 694096
TI  - [Primary biliary cirrhosis in Spain (apropos of 20 observations].

PMID- 694097
TI  - [Primary closing of the main biliary tract in sphincteroplasties].

PMID- 694098
TI  - [Auriculoventricular block caused by catheterization. Electrophysiological
      study].

PMID- 694099
TI  - [Non-B viral posthepatic liver cirrhosis and acute hepatitis B].

PMID- 694100
TI  - [Hepatopathy and functional acute renal insufficiency due to rifampicin].

PMID- 694101
TI  - [Mediterranean abdominal lymphoma with elevated alpha heavy chain and
      extraabdominal involvement].

PMID- 694102
TI  - [Hyperlipemia and multiple myeloma. Report of a case].

PMID- 694103
TI  - [Dermatofibrosarcoma with brain metastasis. Apropos of a rare case].

PMID- 694104
TI  - [Iatrogenic ergotism: apropos of a case].

PMID- 694105
TI  - [Current status of the physiopathology and treatment of myasthenia gravis].

PMID- 694106
TI  - [Various antigenic components in Peptococcus and Peptostreptococcus strains].

PMID- 694107
TI  - [IgD myeloma: description of 7 cases].

PMID- 694108
TI  - [Paraneoplastic proteinopathy].

PMID- 694109
TI  - [Immunologic diagnosis of hydatidosis].

PMID- 694110
TI  - [Solitary pulmonary lesion. Diagnosis and treatment].

PMID- 694111
TI  - [Enzymatic diagnosis of diseases with hepatic involvement].

PMID- 694112
TI  - [Bacteriology of pleuropulmonary infections].

PMID- 694113
TI  - [Mesocardia of difficult clinical diagnosis in a young man].

PMID- 694114
TI  - [Acute renal failure in drug-induced interstitial nephropathy].

PMID- 694115
TI  - [Hyaline-vascular lymphonodular hyperplasia of mediastinal localization].

PMID- 694116
TI  - [Fanconi syndrome and nephrocalcinosis: an unusual association].

PMID- 694117
TI  - [Churg-Strauss syndrome and acute renal failure].

PMID- 694118
TI  - [Calcifing parathyroid adenoma of mediastinal localization, visible in thoracic
      radiography].

PMID- 694120
TI  - [Liver and arterial hypertension].

PMID- 694119
TI  - [Deposit of immunoglobulins in the choroid plexus in lupus erythematosus
      disseminatus encephalopathy].

PMID- 694121
TI  - [Plasma renin activity in normal pregnancy and in pregnancy toxemias].

PMID- 694122
TI  - [Radiology of lymphomas of the digestive tract. Apropos of 13 cases].

PMID- 694123
TI  - [Cancer of the esophagus. Clinical and diagnostic aspects of 50 cases].

PMID- 694124
TI  - [Membrane-prolypherative glomerulonephritis: clinico-pathological and evolutive
      considerations].

PMID- 694125
TI  - [Pulmonary granulomatous arteritis caused by microembolism of foreign body].

PMID- 694126
TI  - [Male pseudohermaphroditism and arterial hypertension: defect in the 17-alpha
      hydroxylation].

PMID- 694127
TI  - [Gynecomastia in hemodialysis].

PMID- 694128
TI  - [Advanced renal failure and pregnancy].

PMID- 694129
TI  - [Assisted respiration at home. Assisted respiration by home tracheotomy in
      chronic respiratory insufficiency].

PMID- 694130
TI  - [Home dialysis. The program of home dialysis at the Guy Hospital].

PMID- 694131
TI  - [Home dialysis].

PMID- 694132
TI  - [The heart patient with prosthesis at home. Surveillance of patients with a heart
      valve prosthesis].

PMID- 694133
TI  - [Home surveillance of patients with pacemakers].

PMID- 694134
TI  - [Parotid hypertrophy in hepatic cirrhosis].

PMID- 694135
TI  - [Cerebrovascular disease and metheorologic factors].

PMID- 694136
TI  - [Histopathological lesions of the pulmonary hyaline membrane in the newborn
      infant. Review of 90 cases].

PMID- 694137
TI  - [Urinary infection in medullary lesions. Relation to lithiasis].

PMID- 694138
TI  - [Idiopathic dilatation of the pulmonary artery: clinical case].

PMID- 694139
TI  - [Cavitary pulmonary sarcoidosis].

PMID- 694140
TI  - [Indomethacin in Bartter's syndrome].

PMID- 694141
TI  - [Acute renal failure and pregnancy (report of a case].

PMID- 694142
TI  - [Successful hemoperfusion in a case of acute drug poisoning].

PMID- 694143
TI  - [Pheochromocytoma with arterial hypotension].

PMID- 694144
TI  - [Influence of different anesthesics on the activity of serum
      pseudocholinesterase].

PMID- 694145
TI  - [Penthiobarbital. Dosage needed for inducing sleep in adult patients].

PMID- 694146
TI  - [Preoperatorative evaluation of the respiratory risk in extracorporeal heart
      surgery. Study of 100 cases].

PMID- 694147
TI  - [Sequential anesthesia-analgesia: sulfentanyl-buprenorphine combination].

PMID- 694148
TI  - [Method of facilitating the introduction of the gastric sound in an
      anesthesthetized and intubated patient].

PMID- 694149
TI  - [Comparative cardiovascular effects of intravenous anesthetics of short action
      (2. Mechanism of action of althesin on arterial pressure)].

PMID- 694150
TI  - [Convenience of changing the legal concept of death].

PMID- 694151
TI  - [Antimorphines in anesthesiology].

PMID- 694152
TI  - [Sosegon (pentazocine) in anesthesia].

PMID- 694153
TI  - [Blocking of the brachial plexus by the axillary route with prilocaine: review of
      50 cases].

PMID- 694154
TI  - [Physiopathology of hypotension caused by epi-intradural blocks and the
      prevention of its etiopathogenesis].

PMID- 694155
TI  - [Current evalution of the test for detecting atypical cholinesterase].

PMID- 694157
TI  - [Mechanical respiration in children].

PMID- 694156
TI  - [Fear of death in pediatric patients confronted with general anesthesia].

PMID- 694158
TI  - [Tension pneumothorax as a complication of controlled respiration during
      anesthesia in children].

PMID- 694159
TI  - [Pheochromocytoma and its surgical-anesthetic incidence].

PMID- 694160
TI  - [Anesthesia in pheochromocytoma].

PMID- 694161
TI  - [Influence of the neuroleptoanalgesia on the levels of phenylalanine and serum
      thyroxine].

PMID- 694162
TI  - [Respiratory function as a routine preanesthetic test].

PMID- 694163
TI  - [Anesthesia in neuro- and angio-radiology].

PMID- 694164
TI  - [Study of the functional activity of the reticuloendothelial system in normal
      conditions and under ethrane anesthesia].

PMID- 694165
TI  - [Arterial hypotension in reconstructive surgery of the hip using acrylic cement].

PMID- 694166
TI  - [Interaction of suxamethonium and D-tubocurarine with respect to hyperkalemia.
      Analysis of phase II of dual block].

PMID- 694167
TI  - [Report of the Spanish Cardiology Association presented to the Health Department
      on the current problems of the specialty].

PMID- 694168
TI  - [Evaluation of the maximum left electricaxis deviation in the presence of
      peripheral blocks of the right branch].

PMID- 694169
TI  - [Rupture of the free wall of the left ventricle in acute myocardial infarct. Its
      prediction and pathology].

PMID- 694170
TI  - [Comparative results of corrective surgery of mitral stenosis with closed and
      open technic].

PMID- 694171
TI  - [Surgical experience in 56 cases of tricuspid atresia].

PMID- 694172
TI  - [Atrial rhythms in heart abnormalities].

PMID- 694173
TI  - [Emergency coronary surgery. Clinico-hemodynamic pre- and postoperative
      evaluation].

PMID- 694174
TI  - [Contrast echocardiography in the diagnosis of the persistency of fetal
      circulation syndrome].

PMID- 694175
TI  - [2 cases of cerrected transposition of great vessels with Ebstein's tricuspid and
      one of them with mitral valve prolapse].

PMID- 694176
TI  - [Holt-Oram syndrome (surgical correction by closing the intra-auricular defect
      and implanting a pacemaker)].

PMID- 694177
TI  - [Pulmonary embolectomy with extracorporeal circulation. Apropos of a successfully
      operated case].

PMID- 694178
TI  - [Mitral systolic fibrillation, a new echocardiographic finding in the diagnostic
      confirmation of ruptured chordae tendineae].

PMID- 694179
TI  - [Anteroseptal necrosis of fast electrocardiographic evolution caused by closed
      thoracic trauma].

PMID- 694180
TI  - [Less frequent aspects of the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome].

PMID- 694181
TI  - [Primary retroperitoneal tumors. Study and treatment of 31 cases. Review of the
      literature].

PMID- 694182
TI  - [Acute alithiasic cholecystitis. Apropos of 5 cases].

PMID- 694183
TI  - [Lagrot's method in the treatment of hepatic hydatid cyst].

PMID- 694184
TI  - [Pancreopathy in hepatic cirrhosis. Personal experience].

PMID- 694185
TI  - [Achalasia and cancer of the esophagus complicated by esophagopericardial fistula
      and pneumopericardium].

PMID- 694186
TI  - [Perforation of the cecum in pseudo-obstructive dilatation of the colon].

PMID- 694187
TI  - [Etiopathogenic advances in peptic ulcer (II B). The oxyntic cell].

PMID- 694188
TI  - [Morphological changes induced by 5-fluorouracil in the intestinal mucosa. I.
      Observations with the optical microscope].

PMID- 694190
TI  - [Cytology of the stomach by brushing. 1st year's experience].

PMID- 694189
TI  - [Current indications of the Mark IV procedure in the correction of hiatal
      hernia].

PMID- 694191
TI  - [Gastric cytology in 139 adenocarcinomas and their histopathological and
      endoscopic correlation].

PMID- 694192
TI  - [Tumors of the small intestine, with special reference to benign tumors and their
      association with other intra- and extra-intestinal tumors].

PMID- 694193
TI  - [Congenital membranous mucosa of the gastric antrum].

PMID- 694194
TI  - [Alithiasic adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder].

PMID- 694195
TI  - [Infantile and adolescent gastroduodenal ulcer].

PMID- 694196
TI  - [Neoplasms of the bile ducts].

PMID- 694197
TI  - [Etiopathogenic advances in peptic ulcer. III. The broken mucosal barrier; the
      ambient terrain].

PMID- 694198
TI  - [Purification and properties of beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase from Mytilus edulis
      L. gonads (author's transl)].
AB  - beta-N-Acetylglucosaminidase (beta-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucoside
      acetamidodeoxyglucohydrolase EC 3.2.1.30) from Mytilus edulis gonads and a
      homogenous protein was obtained from it by ion-exchange chromatography, gel
      filtration and disc electrophoresis. The apparent molecular weight, determined by
      gel filtration was 140,000 +/- 5,000. Two subunits were identified. The molecular
      weights of both subunits calculated by disc-electrophoresis were 70,000 and
      75,000 + 2,000. Maximal activity for pH was 4.2. At 50 degrees C the enzyme was
      still active; at 60 degrees C inactive. The values of the apparent Km's proved to
      be 0.57 mM and 0.076 mM for p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-N-acetylglucosaminide and p
      nitrophenyl-beta-D-N-acetylgalactosaminide as substrates. In the incubation of
      the enzyme with hyaluronic acid, chitin, deacetilated glycol-chitin and p
      nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucuronide, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine and glucuronic acid
      were not liberated. N-acetylgluconolactone and N-acetylgalactonolactone are
      competitive inhibitors for the enzyme.

PMID- 694199
TI  - Loss of immunological and biological activity of insulin with a human muscle
      extract.
AB  - The isolation of a human muscle extract that degrades insulin to products
      incapable of any immunological or biological activity is reported. The extract Km
      value for human insulin is 0.79, and 1.43 for porcine proinsulin. It does not
      degrade Human Growth Hormone at the concentrations tested, it is inactivated by N
      ethyl-maleimide, Trasylol, and heat, and it does not require glutathione for its
      action. Human muscle, therefore can contain an enzyme similar to "insulin
      specific-protease" present in rat muscle.

PMID- 694200
TI  - H-2 typing of RBL-5, TLX/9 tumour cells and L929 fibroblast.
AB  - The H-2 specificities in two different H-2b tumour cells (TLX/9 and RBL-5) and a
      fibroblast line L929 (H-2k) have been studied. Tumour cells were passaged
      intraperitoneally in syngeneic mice and fibroblast was kept in vitro at 36
      degrees C. The typing was performed by means of a postlabelling microradioassay
      for actively growing cells and 28 H-2 alloantisera of restricted specificity
      defining private H-2K, H-2D and public antigens. Unexpected reactions in
      disagreement with H-2 genetics were detected in both tumours but not in
      fibroblast line. The latter shed C-type particles whereas RBL-5 did not. The
      cytotoxicity of the alloantisera was quantitatively absorbed by normal lymphoid
      cells, although some extrareactivities were due to other antibodies present in
      the sera. RBL-5 grew in mice of different H-2 haplotypes with the same intensity
      as in syngeneic animals.

PMID- 694201
TI  - [Specific protection by sulfhydryl groups against inhibition of urease by
      hypoglycaemic drugs (author's transl)].
AB  - The effect of oral hypoglycaemic drugs, derivatives of sulphonylurea, upon urease
      has been studied. These compounds, structurally connected to urea, produce a
      competitive inhibition of enzyme activity with respect to substrate. Glutathione
      (reduced form) and cysteine prevent inactivation of enzyme by sulphonylurea,
      whereas-oxidated glutathione and cysteine do not. The same phenomenon occurs in
      enzyme preparations inhibited by p-hydroxymercuribenzoate. The role of sulfhydryl
      groups in the formation of enzyme-substrate complex is discussed.

PMID- 694202
TI  - [Effect of insulin on germination and ionic exchange in Raphanus sativus
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Hypoglycemic sulfamide BZ-55 activates or inhibits germination of Raphanus
      sativus, depending upon the dosis. Since this drug acts upon the glycemia by
      increasing the secretion and action of insulin, the influence of this hormone on
      germination and ionic changes (Na+-K+) between seeds and culture medium, were
      studied. Seeds were incubated during 72 h with different concentrations of
      insulin in 10 ml deionized water or in 10 ml 18 mM K+ (KCl) solutions at 37
      degrees C in vapor saturated atmosphere. A solution of 0.125 IU insulin/ml in
      water increases the germination to 110% whereas 0.175 IU insulin/ml inhibits it
      to 40% against controls. Further increases in insulin concentration always
      inhibit germination. Similar results have been obtained with K+ containing media.
      Germination rate changes in a small concentration range suggest that insulin
      might affect an enzymatic activity in the seed.

PMID- 694203
TI  - [Temperature effects on the EEG and evoked potentials in Reptilia (Lacerta
      galloti) (author's transl)].
AB  - The effect of temperatures from 5 degrees to 40 degrees C on EEG amplitude,
      evoked potentials amplitudes to optical stimuli and latencies of components of
      evoked potential in lizard Lacerta galloti, have been studied, by means of
      chronically implanted electrodes in dorsal and medial telencephalic cortex.
      Evoked responses show with greater amplitude in the medial cortex, although
      latencies were closely similar for both regions.

PMID- 694204
TI  - Stress simulation and iron metabolism: adrenaline administration.
AB  - The effect of stress simulation on Wistar male rats through adrenaline
      administration (subcutaneous injection, 0.5 mg/kg) was investigated. Parameters
      measured were: plasma iron, copper and zinc levels; caeruloplasmin concentration
      and total ferroxidasic activity in plasma; iron, copper, zinc and manganese
      levels in liver and iron; copper and zinc levels in spleen. No significant short
      term effect of adrenaline administration on any of these parameters was observed.

PMID- 694205
TI  - Effects of testosterone on splenic and bone marrow erythropoiesis of fasted mice.
AB  - Fasting in normal or erythropoietin treated mice results in parallel decrease of
      erythropoietic activity in spleen and bone marrow. In testosterone-treated
      animals, starvation only decreases the splenic fraction while the bone marrow
      erythropoiesis shows a marked increase above normal values.

PMID- 694206
TI  - Effects of quinolinic acid and glucagon on gluconeogenesis in the perfused rat
      liver.
AB  - Previous findings that 2.5 mM quinolinic acid inhibits gluconeogenesis more
      strongly from alanine than from lactate have been confirmed. 15 mM quinolinic
      acid completely inhibited gluconeogenesis from lactate as well as from alanine
      whereas the formation of glucose from fructose and the production of urea from
      ammonia and lactose were not affected. The pattern of the gluconeogenic
      intermediates was the same in the presence of 15 mM quinolinic acid as with 2.5
      mM of the inhibitor. It is concluded that high as well as low concentrations of
      quinolinic acid inhibit gluconeogenesis at the step between oxaloacetate and
      phosphoenolpyruvate. Furthermore, 5-methoxyindole-2-carboxylic acid, an inhibitor
      of mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism, also completely blocked gluconeogenesis
      from lactate whereas glycerol conversion to glucose was only weakly inhibited.
      All these results do not support the concept of an alternate pathway of
      gluconeogenesis from lactate proposed by others. 2.5 mM quinolinic acid also
      partially blocked the formation of urea from alanine. It is suggested that
      quinolinic acid may have a second site of action causing an inhibition of the
      glutamate-pyruvate transamination owing to lack of 2-oxoglutarate in the cytosol.
      In the presence of quinolinic acid, glucagon caused about the same increase in
      aspartate and malate tissue levels in the absence of added substrates as in the
      presence of added lactate or alanine. Therefore, no additional effect of glucagon
      on gluconeogenesis from lactate or alanine prior to the block by quinolinic acid
      could be demonstrated.

PMID- 694207
TI  - Serotoninergic stimulation of gastrin secretion.
AB  - The effect of serotonin (10 mg/kg weight) on the gastrin serum levels in rats has
      been studied. Serum concentrations of gastrin increase significantly from the
      56.52 +/- 6.68 pg/ml basal value to 116.87 +/- 3.27 pg/ml at 105 minutes, whereas
      gastrin in control animals decreases progressively throughout that time. Serum
      concentration of serotonin was also measured at different times after its
      administration. An increase to 3.31 +/- 0.6 microgram/ml, maximum value, at 90
      minutes was observed anteceding the gastrin peak by 15 minutes.

PMID- 694208
TI  - Effect of various concentrations of calcium on arginine-induced insulin and
      glucagon release in vitro.
AB  - The effect of extracellular calcium concentration on the insulin and glucagon
      release in response to arginine from the isolated perfused rat pancreas, has been
      studied. All the experiments were carried out in the absence of glucose in the
      perfusate. Arginine 10 mM elicited a biphasic glucagon release, and a monophasic
      insulin response. In the presence of calcium 2.5 mM an increase of total insulin
      and glucagon in response to arginine were obtained. The increase in glucagon
      release was only detectable during the second phase, while first phase was not
      modified by the concentration of calcium present in the perfusate. The results of
      this study show that extracellular calcium concentration influences positively
      insulin and glucagon responses to arginine in vitro.

PMID- 694209
TI  - The tubular system of human endometrium.
AB  - The so-called "intranuclear" tubular system (TS) of human epithelial endometrial
      cells has been investigated in 50 specimens and has been found in some instances
      of secretory endometrium and in one case of hyperplastic endometrium with
      secretory change. The TS was found both in nucleus and cytoplasm. The
      intranuclear TS can be associated with the nucleolus, connected to the nuclear
      envelope or lying free in the karyoplasm. When it is connected with the nuclear
      envelope an intimately related cytoplasmic invagination containing many ribosomes
      is frequently found. The cytoplasmic TS is smaller than that found in the nucleus
      and is usually connected with rough endoplasmic reticulum profiles. These
      findings allow us to make the suggestion that the TS could have a cytoplasmic
      origin and subsequently migrate into the nucleus. The function of the TS is
      unknown.

PMID- 694210
TI  - [Liver and brain guinea-pig guanine aminohydrolase (author's transl)].
AB  - Guinea-pig brain guanine aminohydrolase (E.C. 3.5.4.3) (M = 120,000 +/- 5,000
      daltons) only exhibited one active electrophoretic band; its mobility is similar
      with that observed for the guinea-pig liver molecular form III. Both forms appear
      to have coincident activity with pH, as well as an analogous thermal stability
      and Km values with different substrates showing a different behaviour with the
      molecular form I of guinea-pig liver enzyme. Brain guanine aminohydrolase and
      liver molecular form III have similar pK'a values suggesting the participation of
      histidine and cysteine (-SH) in the enzymatic catalysis. The competitive
      inhibition by p-chloromercuribenzoate may corroborate the intervention of the
      last-one.

PMID- 694211
TI  - [Kinetics of chicken liver mitochondrial and cytoplasmic glutamate oxalacetate
      transaminase (author's transl)].
AB  - Electrophoresis at pH 7.4, on cellulose polyacetate strips, and specific
      staining, show the occurrence of two molecular forms of the mitochondrial and
      soluble isoenzymes from chicken liver aspartate aminotransferase. The optimum pH
      of the cytoplasmic enzyme with L-aspartate and alpha-ketoglutarate as substrats
      is approximately 7, while the mitochondrial one is practically unaffected in the
      interval 6-8. The kinetic reactional mechanism is of ping-pong bi-bi type for
      both enzymes, as confirmed by the method of Garces-Cleland, and their inhibitions
      by excess of the substrates L-aspartate and alpha-Ketoglutarate are competitive,
      in accordance with the proposed mechanism.

PMID- 694212
TI  - [New findings on the biology of articular cartilage, its importance in the
      genesis of arthrosis].

PMID- 694213
TI  - [Role of mononuclear cells in osteoarticular diseases].

PMID- 694214
TI  - [Evaluation of the biological activity of a specific anticartilage and
      antiparathyroid immunoglobulin (histopathological patterns)].

PMID- 694215
TI  - [Legal capacity to act and the sexual life of the mentally handicapped in Sweden
      (author's transl)].
AB  - In Sweden efforts are being made to integrate the mentally handicapped as much as
      possible into society. If these efforts are to be successful society must concede
      to them the same rights it does to its non-disabled citizens. On the basis of the
      terms "legal status" and "legal capacity act" the article examines the
      consequences which might arise for the mentally handicapped from their being
      granted these legal rights. As the Swedish society principally allows the
      mentally handicapped the right to sexual intercourse difficulties arise, in
      particular, if there is the possibility of procreation and, even more, if
      children are desired. The pros and cons of pregnancy and its consequences for
      mentally handicapped people are discussed. Old and modern countermeasures
      (marriage obstacles, sterilisation, abortion) and the alternatives (systematic
      sexual instruction, counselling as regards preventive measures and control of
      their use) are compared and examined in view of their applicability in accordance
      with the Swedish normalisation efforts. The study showed that mentally
      handicapped persons can live--also in the sexual area--according to the same
      principles that guide us all, if we help and advise them adequately and at the
      right time. Under these circumstances restrictions are no longer the rule, but
      the exception.

PMID- 694216
TI  - [Vocational rehabilitation outcome in psychiatrically and mentally handicapped
      clients (1969/70--1977) (author's transl)].
AB  - Based on detailed statistical data--104 patients were studied--the article points
      out a success rate of 68% in connection with the vocational resettlement of
      psychiatric clients. The criteria used to determine success were at the time of
      discharge permanent employment in workshops for the disabled, competitive
      employment or part-time jobs. A follow-up study carried out about seven years
      later revealed a 39% success rate as regards the clients' stability in
      employment. These statistics demonstrate that of 37% rehabilitees who had
      formerly committed a criminal offence most probably only one percent was
      recidivious. Furthermore, the article reports on the methods considered to be
      causative factors for the therapeutic success: Adequate medicinal treatment, as
      well as an essential pre-requisite for rehabilitation, the creation of a
      therapeutic milieu. Also, particularly important for a lasting success is the
      continuing follow-up for which appropriate facilities, especially living
      accommodation, community living and homes must be provided.

PMID- 694217
TI  - [Personality traits of patients under spa treatment (author's transl)].
AB  - The article reports on psychodiagnostic examinations performed on clients under
      in-patient spa treatment. The groups studied--patients with psychosomatic and
      general internal diseases--were subjected to the Freiburg personality inventory,
      the colour pyramid test and the progressive matrices test. The results were
      compared with normal population standards and clinically diagnosed neurotic
      patients. Furthermore, the spa treatment results of the psychosomatic patients
      were recorded during the third and fifth week. The most important outcome was
      that both groups of patients presented a series of typically abnormal signs as
      regards clinically relevant factors, whereby the psychosomatic patients presented
      a very similar test picture to the in-patient clients receiving psychotherapy. In
      contrast to the patients with general internal diseases the psychosomatic
      patients showed more neurotic personality traits than the standard. The degree of
      severity of the clinically diagnosed neurotic disturbances is reflected in the
      neuroticism test values. In the psychosomatic patients the psychic complaints, in
      the narrow sense, were predominant. The complaints as a whole showed a regressive
      trend; of the individual complaints only physical fatigue diminished markedly.
      Periodically recurring symptoms were not observed.

PMID- 694218
TI  - Evaluation planning considerations for postemployment training of professionals
      in rehabilitation.

PMID- 694219
TI  - Considerations in the development of the job placement specialist.

PMID- 694220
TI  - The mystique of the horse is strong medicine: riding as therapeutic recreation.

PMID- 694221
TI  - Potentiation of isoproterenol cardiotoxicity by corticoids.
AB  - In order to determine whether glucocorticoids share the ability of
      mineralocorticoids in sensitizing the myocardium to the arrhythmogenic property
      of isoproterenol, albino rats were implanted subcutaneously with prednisone or
      desoxycorticosterone acetate (DCA). Water was compared with 1% saline as drinking
      fluid in order to assess the role of a high sodium intake in the development of
      myocardial sensitization. At predetermined intervals during corticoid exposure,
      unanesthetized animals were challenged with a single subcutaneous dose of
      isoproterenol. In DCA-saline pretreated rats the LD50 of isoproterenol was
      determined to be 14.5 ug/kg. At a dose of 150 ug/kg isoproterenol, ventricular
      fibrillation was elicited in all DCA-saline pretreated animals, but in only 50%
      of rats implanted with predisone, receiving saline as drinking fluid.
      Substitution of water for saline did not prevent the development of myocardial
      sensitization. It is concluded that predisone pretreatment also sensitizes the
      rat myocardium to isoproterenol though to a lesser extent than DCA and that high
      sodium intake is not an absolute requirement for the development of this
      phenomenon by either corticoid.

PMID- 694222
TI  - Regional uptake of endogenous corticosterone by rat brain following stress.
AB  - The stress-induced changes in the corticosteroid levels in four brain regions
      were studied in female Sprague-Dawley rats using the fluorometric assay following
      column chromatographic separation. Fifteen min after novelty stress, the
      corticosteroid levels increased 1.5-, 1.5- and 1.7-fold in hippocampus,
      hypothalamus and cerebral cortex, respectively, compared to 6-fold increase in
      plasma (60 mug/d1). In the second study in which the animals were sacrificed 60
      min after ethanol stress (I.P. injection of 2 g/kg in 20% solution with
      physiological saline), there were 2.5-, 3.5- and 4.7-fold increases in
      hypothalamus, hippocampus and cerebral cortex, respectively, compared to 4-fold
      increase in plasma (77 mug/d1). There were marked increases of corticosterone in
      the pituitaries after stress. The results confirm the differential regional
      distribution of corticosteroid in the brain and the stress-induced corticosteroid
      elevations. These results support the idea that the brain levels of
      corticosteroid are determined by the existing plasma levels and by the duration
      of the hormone elevation. The possible significance of the brain levels of
      corticosterone is discussed.

PMID- 694223
TI  - Effect of hyperbilirubinemia on the pharmacokinetics of pentobarbital in the rat.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered pentobarbitol have been
      studied in heterozygous (non-jaundiced) and homozygous (jaundiced) Gunn rats
      following single doses of 30 mg/Kg. Plasma pentobarbital concentration time
      course data from heterozygous animals were fitted to a biexponential equation
      while a triexponential equation was required to fit the data from homozygous
      animals. A  slower plasma clearance rate and longer elimination half-life were
      observed in homozygous animals as well as increased overall volumes of
      pentobarbital distribution. These results suggest a possible effect of bilirubin
      on the distribution and elimination of pentobarbital. The volume of pentobarbital
      plasma distribution, however, was approximately equal in heterozygous and
      homozygous data, suggesting no competition between bilirubin and pentobarbital
      for serum protein.

PMID- 694224
TI  - A comparison of the augmentation of H1 and H2 receptor agonist stimulation of
      rabbit atrial chronotropic response by two phosphodiesterase inhibitors,
      papaverine and theophylline.
AB  - Papaverine and theophylline both increase the chronotropic response of isolated
      rabbit atria, however, the maximum stimulation following papaverine is much
      smaller than that obtained with theophylline. When these phosphodiesterase
      inhibitors are used in conjunction with histamine (H1 and H2 receptor agonist), 2
      (2-aminoethyl) pyrazole (H2 agonist) and 3-(2-aminoethyl) triazole (H1 agonist)
      the responses are all considerably more than additive. This suggests that both H1
      and H2 histamine receptors can activate adenyl cyclase and therefore increase the
      formation of cyclic AMP in spite of reports that only H2 receptors stimulate
      adenyl cyclase.

PMID- 694226
TI  - Inhibition of mitochondrial DNA synthesis by aflatoxin B1 and
      dimethylnitrosamine.
AB  - The acute and subchronic effects of aflatoxin B1 and dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) on
      in vitro incorporation of thymidine-3H into DNA (mt-DNA) from mouse liver
      mitochondria were studied after single injection or after one month or three
      months of weekly injection. Both carcinogens induced 50% decreases in mt-DNA
      synthesis acutely, with a 50% decrease in synthesis of high molecular weight mt
      DNA. Subchronic administration of aflatoxin B1 inhibited mt-DNA synthesis by 54%
      with elution profiles similar to the controls. DMN showed only a 29% inhibition
      of mt-DNA synthesis at one month increasing to 55% at three months.

PMID- 694225
TI  - Evaluation of Dopram(R) and its effects on hexobarbital narcosis.
AB  - The effect of Dopram(R) on hexobarbital induced narcosis and hypothermia was
      determined. Sodium hexobarbital (70mg/kg, i.p.) sleeping times were assessed in
      saline, Dopram(R), 20 and 40 mg/kg, i.p., administered mice. A dose-response
      increase in sodium hexobarbital induced narcosis was produced by Dopram(R). The
      duration of Dopram(R) effect on hexobarbital narcosis was also assessed.
      Dopram(R) potentiated significantly hexobarbital sleeping times when administered
      two hours prior to sodium hexobarbital challenge. Dopram(R) also was observed to
      significantly increase the hypothermic response to hexobarbital. The effect of
      the individual components of Dopram(R) (doxapram hydrochloride and chlorobutanol)
      on hexobarbital narcosis and hypothermia was evaluated. It was found that
      doxapram hydrochloride (20 and 40 mg/kg, i.p.) and chlorobutanol (5 and 10 mg/kg,
      i.p.) potentiated sodium hexobarbital narcosis and hypothermia. It seems that
      doxapram hydrochloride and chlorobutanol are both responsible for the
      potentiation of hexobarbital narcosis and hypothermia by Dopram(R).

PMID- 694227
TI  - Effect of acute and chronic paraquat on rat lung collagen content.
AB  - The effect of acute and chronic paraquat administration on rat lung collagen was
      studied. A single dose of paraquat (35 mg/kg, ip) produces a transient increase
      in lung collagen synthesis within the first several days. In animals sacrificed
      18 days later, there is insignificant accumulation of collagen (9%). Three
      injections of paraquat (25 mg/kg) spaced at weekly intervals produces a 31%
      increase in lung collagen by the middle of the fourth week. In view of the
      technical difficulties involved with the use of paraquat as a pulmonary fibrotic
      agent in the rat, search for an alternative model is suggested.

PMID- 694228
TI  - Studies on the distribution of phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase and
      epinephrine in the rat.
AB  - Using two independent criteria, we have found the enzyme phenylethanolamine N
      methyltransferase (PNMT) to be present in the adrenals, lungs, brain stem,
      spleen, heart and skeletal muscle of the rat. The lungs contained more activity
      than the brain stem or any other extra-adrenal organ. PNMT was not detectable,
      however, in the kidneys, stomach, liver and plasma. Trace amounts of epinephrine
      were found in brain stem, lung and heart; norepinephrine, however, was the
      predominant catecholamine in these tissues. Substantial quantities of epinephrine
      were found in the adrenal and plasma of decapitated animals, but the latter were
      essentially eliminated by adrenal demedullation. Our data indicate that although
      the adrenal is the principal tissue source of epinephrine and PNMT in the rat,
      small amounts of both substances are present in several body organs.

PMID- 694229
TI  - Effect of platelet count and hematocrit on the coagulability of heparinized
      blood.
AB  - The coagulability of heparinized blood is shown to be a function of platelet and
      red cell concentrations. Thrombelastrographic tests were conducted on celite
      activated fabricated whole blood samples with heparin concentrations ranging from
      zero to 1.46 units per ml of plasma, hematocrits from zero to 50% and platelet
      counts from zero to 300,000/mm3. The thrombelastograph provides three useful
      parameters of coagulability in native and heparinized blood: clot time, rate of
      clot stiffening and final clot stiffness. Of these, only the clot time is
      determined with the common clotting tests, while the rate and final clot
      stiffness are measures of clot quality that are found to be particularly
      sensitive to thrombocytopenia. The test results indicate (i) increases of
      platelet concentration produce the expected decrease in clot time, increase in
      rate of stiffening, and increase in final stiffness; (ii) increases of the red
      cell concentration from zero to 20% hematocrit, produce nonlinear increases in
      clotability, while further increases beyond 20% hematocrit produce no additional
      effects if the heparin concentration is less than 1.2 units/ml. Quantative
      relations are derived between the thrombelastographic variables, heparin
      concentration, and platelet concentration for those samples with hematocrits
      greater than 20%. These data indicate further experiments for the study of
      possible interaction between cellular blood elements and heparin.

PMID- 694230
TI  - Capacity-limited elimination of procainamide in man.
AB  - Procainamide (PA) pharmacokinetics were studied at steady state in 19 patients.
      The PA was given as 1.0 or 1.5 g eight hourly (L and H dose groups) and
      acetylator phenotype determined from sulphadimidine acetylation was classified as
      Slow or Fast (S or F). Thus, four groups were categorized, HF, LF, HS and LS with
      7, 5, 3, and 4 patients in each respective group. Overall the mean steady state
      plasma concentration of PA (Cpss) expressed as a fraction of dose did not depend
      on dose or on acetylator status, but the HS group had significantly higher Cpss
      per gram dose (6.3 mug/ml) than LS (2.7 mug/ml) or the HF (2.3 mug/ml) groups.
      Clearance of PA be acetylation (C1A) was 23.8% of the total in fast acetylators
      and 16.5% in slow acetylators. C1A was not dose-dependent in the HF or LF groups
      (mean 177.9 ml/min and 168.4 ml/min) but was dose-dependent in the HS group (mean
      74.6 ml/min) which differed significantly from the LS group (mean 113.4 ml/min).

PMID- 694231
TI  - The effect of ethanol on cerebral glycogen levels in the chick embryo.
AB  - Ethanol (10 to 50 micro-liters/egg) was injected into the albumen of the 13 day
      chick embryo. The control solution and ethanol carrier was bacteriostatic saline
      (0.1 ml). The KOH-alcohol-Anthrone colorimetric method was used for glycogen
      determination. Ethanol at 20 or 30 mul/egg lowered the mean cerebral glycogen (p
      less than 0.05). Higher dosages elevated cerebral glycogen over the same time
      period (p less than 0.05). The glycogen-depleting effect of 20 mul/egg and the
      glycogen increasing effect of 40 mul/egg were maintained through 168 hours of
      ethanol exposure (20 days incubation).

PMID- 694232
TI  - The effects of chronic ethanol administration on acyl group composition of
      mitochondrial phospholipids from guinea pig adrenal.
AB  - The acyl groups of diacyl-glycerophosphocholine1 (GPC) and diacyl
      glycerophosphoethanolamine (GPE) in guinea pig adrenals are comprised mainly of
      16:0, 18:0, 18:1, 18:2 and 20:4(n-6) with only trace amounts of the longer chain
      polyunsaturated fatty acids. There was an increase in the proportions of 18:2 and
      a decrease in the 20:4(n-6) of diacyl-GPC and diacyl-GPE with respect to chronic
      ethanol administration. Acyl group changes were more obvious in diacyl-GPC than
      in diacyl-GPE. It is conceivable that these changes may lead to an alteration of
      other membrane transport activities as well as functions of the adrenal gland.

PMID- 694233
TI  - Metabolism of an amino acid with antidepressant properties.
AB  - The amino acid D-phenylalanine exerts antidepressant properties which are
      believed to be due to its metabolism to brain phenylethylamine. We now show that
      in mice, the increase in brain phenylethylamine levels induced by L
      phenylalanine, but not D-phenylalanine, is antagonized by drugs which block the
      stereospecific decarboxylase enzyme. Our results show that D-phenylalanine
      metabolism to phenylethylamine is independent of pathways involving L
      phenylalanine.

PMID- 694234
TI  - DOPA stability in plasma and plasma extracts.
AB  - Unextracted heparinized plasma samples containing L-DOPA can be refrigerated or
      frozen with negligible losses in drug for at least two weeks. This stability of L
      DOPA in the sample obviates difficulties in collection and processing of plasma
      samples within clinical settings which may be remote from the analytical
      laboratory facilities.

PMID- 694235
TI  - Affinity chromatographic demonstration of a thrombin binding protein from the
      platelet plasma membrane.
AB  - Human platelet plasma membrane glycoprotein I with an apparent molecular weight
      of approximately 150,000 has been shown to be one of the proteins retained by
      thrombin immobilized on Sepharose 4B. The retained glycoprotein has been
      recovered by sodium dodecyl sulfate elution and characterized by SDS
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol.

PMID- 694236
TI  - [Comparative study of coronary angiogram and histopathological examination of
      coronary arteries: with special reference to the changes of coronary thrombi
      after an attack of myocardial infarction (author's transl)].

PMID- 694237
TI  - [Determination of the pulmonary water content (9)--movement of the pulmonary
      lymph (1)].

PMID- 694238
TI  - [Experimental study on membrane oxygenator--especially on a new parallel plate
      type membrane oxygenator (author's transl)].

PMID- 694239
TI  - [Postoperative pulmonary complications in the elderly (author's transl)].

PMID- 694240
TI  - [Release of spasmogens in right lymph duct lymph during pulmonary alveolar
      hypoxia (author's transl)].

PMID- 694241
TI  - [Effect of calcium antagonist (etafenone hydrochloride) on the isolated guinea
      pig tracheal tissues (author's transl)].

PMID- 694242
TI  - [Thallium-201 stress myocardial scintigraphy for the evaluation of coronary
      artery stenosis (author's transl)].

PMID- 694243
TI  - [Vectorcardiographic changes after corrective surgery in patients with aortic and
      mirtal regurgitation--a correlative study with echocardiographic findings
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 694244
TI  - [The familial occurence of primary pulmonary hypertension (author's transl)].

PMID- 694245
TI  - CSF HCO3- regulation in isosmotic conditions: the role of brain PCO2 and plasma
      HCO3-.
AB  - We have studied in anesthetized cats the response of CSF HCO3- to (1) an increase
      in CSF PCO2, plasma HCO3- controlled at the normal value; (2) an increase in
      plasma HCO3-, CSF PCO2 controlled at the normal value; and (3) an increase in
      both CSF PCO2 and plasma HCO3-. Plasma HCO3- was controlled via HCO3-/Cl-
      exchange without altering plasma Na concentration or osmolarity using the
      technique of peritoneal dialysis. The results suggest that CSF HCO3- regulation
      in these conditions is dependent on (1) a PCO2-dependent process in which HCO3-
      ions are formed in brain cells or choroid plexus and (2) an ionic movement of
      HCO3- from plasma to CSF dependent on an increase in plasma HCO3-. The first
      process is largely completed by 3 hours; the second takes 6 hours or more. An
      analysis of plasma and CSF HCO3-, Cl- and unmeasured anions (UA), (Na+ + K+ -CL- 
      HCO3-), suggests that CSF HCO3- regulation may be complex involving ionic
      exchanges of three or more anions between brain extracellular fluid, plasma and
      brain cells.

PMID- 694246
TI  - Gas exchanges during exercise in normoxia and hyperoxia.
AB  - Exercises of constant workload (90 watt) have been carried out during normoxia or
      hyperoxia FIO2 = 0.45). It has been shown that, in spite of a significant
      dispersion in the values of O2 deficit and O2 debt calculated, these values are
      related to the increased blood lactate level which contributes to the marked
      acidosis observed in both conditions of oxygenation. Hyperoxia reduces lactate
      level as well as the O2 debt. In addition to the significant increase in arterial
      [H+] and PCO2, exercise provokes a slight decrease in PO2. It is suggested that
      the significant variations of these humoral factors might contribute to the
      control of ventilation during exercise in both conditions of oxygenation.

PMID- 694247
TI  - Diameter, length and branching angles of the upper airways in the dog lung.
AB  - Polyester resin casts were made of the upper airways of 15 dog lungs. Diameter,
      length, and branching angles were measured, and the dimensions were normalized by
      dividing by cube root of body weight. The data are presented to facilitate
      experimental work on dog lungs, involving procedures such as intubation of
      individual lobar bronchi.

PMID- 694248
TI  - A study of the effect of SO2 on pacing and intrapulmonary chemoreceptor discharge
      in the domestic fowl.
AB  - Kunz and Miller )1974) described a phenomenon called pacing in which FCO2
      oscillations forced in the lungs of unanesthetized unidirectionally ventilated
      chickens cause one ventilatory movement per ECO2 oscillation. In the present
      study SO2 (0.08--0.32 vol%) added to the ventilating gas stream caused a loss of
      pacing in 11 of 12 birds. In 7 of the 11 birds in which SO2 was effective, pacing
      returned 3.2--7.0 min after removal of SO2. Intravenous infusion of a similar
      quantity of SO2 (dissolved in saline) did not block pacing. In a second series of
      experiments chickens were again unidirectionally ventilated and single nerve
      fiber recording was used to investigate the effect of SO2 on individual
      intrapulmonary chemoreceptors (IPC). Of necessity, this work was done on birds
      which were anesthetized and paralyzed. Discharge was abolished in 10 of 12 IPC by
      doses of SO2 similar to those which blocked pacing. In 6 of the 10 fibers in
      which SO2 was effective, discharge resumed after a mean period of quiescence
      lasting 7 min. It is concluded that pacing is mediated by intrapulmonary rather
      than systemic chemoreceptors.

PMID- 694249
TI  - The effect of hyperoxia, hypoxia and hypercapnia on FRC and occlusion pressure in
      human subjects.
AB  - The measurement of pressure in the mouth 0.1 sec after the initiation of an
      occluded inspiratory effort (P0.1) has been proposed as an index of activity of
      medullary inspiratory neurons. If changes in FRC can be interpreted as important
      changes in the length-tension curve of the diaphragm or the total respiratory
      musculature, then changes in FRC from one occlusion pressure measurement to
      another can complicate such an interpretation of the P0.1 measurement. Forty-five
      subjects divided into three different groups were seated in a variable volume
      body plethysmograph. They had their FRC, P0.1, VT and VE measured while breathing
      air, 100% oxygen, 11% oxygen balance nitrogen, and 4% carbon dioxide in 20%
      oxygen balance nigrogen. All 45 showed a decrease in FRC during hyperoxia (-12%);
      40 of 43 showed increases in FRC during hypoxia (14%); 42 of 43 showed an
      increased FRC during hypercapnia (15%). Changes in VE were small as were changes
      in P0.1 values. These latter changes generally followed the same pattern of
      changes as FRC though the magnitude of the changes showed more variability. We
      were unable to demonstrate a significant correlation between changes in FRC and
      changes in P0.1 under the conditions of our experiments.

PMID- 694250
TI  - Avian intrapulmonary chemoreceptors: respiratory response to a step decrease in
      PCO2.
AB  - The contribution of intrapulmonary chemoreceptors (IPC) to the respiratory
      response, following a step decrease in PICO2 was assessed in anesthetized and
      unidirectionally ventilated chickens. Step changes in the PCO2 of the ventilatory
      gas (PICO2) to a single lung were introduced with PICO2 to the contralateral lung
      held constant. Respiratory amplitude and frequency were monitored. Experimental
      series were conducted under conditions such that (I) both systemic chemoreceptors
      and IPC, (II) systemic chemoreceptors alone and (III) IPC alone contribute to the
      ventilatory response. The results indicate (1) that a rapid component of the
      transient response (complete in 25 sec) is eliminated by sectioning the pulmonary
      nerves (Series II), and (2) within the rapid component, a localized minimum in
      respiratory amplitude was observed which was not seen in either Series II or
      Series III experiments. We conclude that the rapid component of the transient
      response is due to the CO2-sensitive IPC and that intrapulmonary and systemic
      chemoreceptors are not simply additive in the generation of respiratory amplitude
      and frequency, but a more complex interaction must be involved.

PMID- 694251
TI  - [Gout and atherosclerosis].

PMID- 694252
TI  - [D-penicillamine in the treatment of early stages of rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 694253
TI  - [Appearance of degenerative changes in the cervical vertebrae in workers with
      sedentary occupations].

PMID- 694254
TI  - [Medical rehabilitation of congenital multiple arthrogryposis].

PMID- 694255
TI  - [Cytochemical changes in the cell nuclei and cytoplasm of cultured human
      fibroblasts under the effect of indomethacin].

PMID- 694256
TI  - [Scanning electron-microscopical studies of the articular surface of rats with
      adjuvant-induced arthritis].

PMID- 694257
TI  - [Correlation of clinical, laboratory and histopathological studies with the
      activity of rheumatological process in patients operated on for mitral valve
      stenosis].

PMID- 694258
TI  - [Effect of penicillamine on the blood serum copper level and acute phase tests in
      patients with rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 694259
TI  - [Evaluation of the effectiveness of anti-inflammatory treatment of rheumatoid
      arthritis by means of thermography].

PMID- 694260
TI  - [Rheumatoid arthritis among rural population over 60 years of age].

PMID- 694261
TI  - [Calcinosis].

PMID- 694262
TI  - [Evaluation of therapeutic value of hydroxycarbamid "Polfa" (hydroxyurea) in
      rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 694263
TI  - [Various considerations on the education plans in health institutions].

PMID- 694264
TI  - [Radioimmunometric determinations of thyroid hormones in the clinical management
      of hyperthyroidism (author's transl)].

PMID- 694265
TI  - [Nutritional anemia. VII. RBC parameters in nulliparous females living at 2,240
      meters above sea level (author's transl)].

PMID- 694267
TI  - [Frequency of congenital malformations in a sample of newborns of Leon,
      Guanajuato (author's transl)].

PMID- 694266
TI  - [Effect of fasting on compensatory renal hypertrophy in the rat (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 694268
TI  - [Measurement of prostaglandin F in the plasma of healthy men (author's transl)].

PMID- 694269
TI  - [Experience in the Instituto Nacional de la Nutricion of different venous shunts
      for hemodialysis (author's transl)].

PMID- 694270
TI  - [Gallstone ileus (author's transl)].

PMID- 694272
TI  - [Language test].

PMID- 694271
TI  - [Hereditary radioulnar sinostosis (author's transl)].

PMID- 694273
TI  - [Effect of the dietary intake and nutritional status of pregnant women on the
      newborn (author's transl)].

PMID- 694274
TI  - [Prevalence of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy in Los Angeles, Chile
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 694275
TI  - [Hemofiltration in patients with chronic renal failure (author's transl)].

PMID- 694276
TI  - [Tc99m pyrophosphate scintigraphy compared to conventional X-ray studies in the
      diagnosis of bone metastasis (author's transl)].

PMID- 694277
TI  - [Prevalence of gallbladder disease in the Province of Valdivia, Chile (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 694278
TI  - [Neurosis related to work. A retrospective study of 25 cases (author's transl)].

PMID- 694279
TI  - [Hemophilia in a female. Factor VIII deficiency in a carrier (author's transl)].

PMID- 694280
TI  - [De Sanctis-Cacchione syndrome (xeroderma pigmentosum with neurologic
      manifestations) (author's transl)].

PMID- 694281
TI  - [Pharmacological basis of anti-anginal therapy. I. Physiopathological and
      pharmacological aspects (author's transl)].

PMID- 694282
TI  - [Higher cortical functions (author's transl)].

PMID- 694283
TI  - [Primary prevention of arterial hypertension (author's transl)].

PMID- 694284
TI  - [Use of computational techniques in medical education (author's transl)].

PMID- 694285
TI  - [Extraordinary Session in honor of Dr. Abraham Horwitz. Speech of presentation].

PMID- 694286
TI  - [Interdisciplinary Colloquium: meeting of 23 January 1976. Cholelithiasis.
      Introduction].

PMID- 694287
TI  - [Pathogenesis of gallbladder calculi].

PMID- 694288
TI  - [Cholelithiasis. Complications. 1. Acute cholecystitis].

PMID- 694289
TI  - [Cholelithiasis. Complications. 2. Gallbladder cancer].

PMID- 694291
TI  - [Repercussions of cholelithiasis on the pancreas].

PMID- 694290
TI  - [Cholelithiasis. Complications. 3. Common bile duct calculi].

PMID- 694292
TI  - [Cholelithiasis. Treatment. 1. Medical treatment].

PMID- 694293
TI  - [Cholelithiasis. 2. Surgical treatment of complications].

PMID- 694295
TI  - [Diagnosis of intermittent claudication and surgical indications in cases of
      ischemic lower limbs].

PMID- 694294
TI  - [Partial ileal bypass as treatment of certain hyperlipemias: history of 4 cases].

PMID- 694296
TI  - [Acute porphyria: a hereditary and avoidable disease].

PMID- 694297
TI  - [Various aspects of sexuality in the canton of Vaud].

PMID- 694298
TI  - [Clinical importance of neurochemical research].

PMID- 694299
TI  - [Myotonic dystrophy with a variable symptomatology and favorable clinical
      prognosis in a large family].

PMID- 694300
TI  - [Blood cholinesterase and hepatopathy].

PMID- 694301
TI  - [Treatment of bacterial otitis, sinusitis and adenoiditis in the child;
      comparison between two wide-spectrum antibiotics: Dalacin D and Ampicillin].

PMID- 694302
TI  - [Action of vaso-active drugs on gasz of cerebral tissue. Experimental study by
      mass spectrometry (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors describe a method for measuring cerebral tissue respiration by mass
      spectrometry. The first applications concern the action of vaso-active drugs on
      intracerebral PCO2 and PO2. The information gained with this method may prove of
      value in elucidating the mechanisms of drug action and the regulatory mechanisms
      of cerebral blood flow. Further prospects of experimentation offered by the
      method are mentioned.

PMID- 694303
TI  - [Triangulation in symbiotic families].

PMID- 694304
TI  - [Slow electrocortical waves evoked by movement and its anticipation before and
      after systematic training].

PMID- 694305
TI  - [Dyslexia-dysorthographia; presentation of a case-finding test and control with
      emphasis on a dyslexia index].

PMID- 694306
TI  - [4 electro-oculographic criteria involved in the development of reading].

PMID- 694307
TI  - [Congenital oculomotor apraxia (presentation of 2 brothers)].

PMID- 694308
TI  - [Oto-neurologic approach in vertebro-basilar circulatory insufficiency].

PMID- 694309
TI  - [Apropos of neuro-ophthalmologic forms of Hodgkin's disease].

PMID- 694310
TI  - [Multiple neurinomas in the same family].

PMID- 694311
TI  - [Oculographic studies in normal subjects and patients with dyslexia: initial
      results].

PMID- 694312
TI  - [Cranial and cranio-facial osteotomies: containing with miniature screw plates].

PMID- 694313
TI  - [Francois syndrome: apropos of 2 cases].

PMID- 694314
TI  - [Operated frontal tuberculoma: apropos of a case].

PMID- 694315
TI  - [Segmental tibial fractures: considerations on the treatment of 59 cases].

PMID- 694316
TI  - [Comparative study of the regeneration of the vascular bed in ileocolic
      anastomosis: experimental study in dogs].

PMID- 694317
TI  - [Relationship between introital vaginal and perianal flora in recurrent cystitis
      in women].

PMID- 694318
TI  - [Wounds of the superior vena cava: report on 9 surgically treated cases].

PMID- 694319
TI  - [Percutaneous puncture in the diagnosis of adrenal cysts].

PMID- 694320
TI  - [Incomplete septum of the duodenal bulb].

PMID- 694321
TI  - [Extra-adrenal pheochromocytoma].

PMID- 694322
TI  - [Genetic hematologic parameters of the indigenous population of the State of Sao
      Paulo, Brazil].

PMID- 694323
TI  - [Super-radical mastectomy: clinical results observed 3 and 5 years later].

PMID- 694324
TI  - [Evaluation of hearing by electrocochleography].

PMID- 694325
TI  - [Endoscopic surgery in congenital polyps of the posterior urethra].

PMID- 694326
TI  - [Jejunal atresia with agenesis of the dorsal mesentery].

PMID- 694327
TI  - [Topographical anatomy of adductor canal: form, limits and constitution of its
      walls].

PMID- 694328
TI  - [Primary amebic meningoencephalitis and the pathogenic potential of limax
      amoebas].
AB  - During the last two decades it has been proved that free amoeba of the Naegleria
      and Acanthamoeba (Hartmanella) genera, formerly considered as inocuous protozoa,
      are the etiological agent of a newly described morbid entity: primary amoebic
      meningoencephalitis. The clinical aspects of this disease, its clinical and
      laboratory diagnosis, the pathogenic potential of these amoebae, epidemiological
      data, prophylaxis and treatment, have promoted medical interest in this disease
      and in the possibility of a differential diagnosis with other
      meningoencephalitides.

PMID- 694329
TI  - [Dynamics of intestinal parasitic diseases in a students' hospital].
AB  - The present study, carried out in 1972-1975, extends, previous investigations on
      the dynamics of parasitic intestinal diseases. A number of 2723 Romanian and
      foreign students admitted to a students' hospital were investigated, finding 402
      positive cases. Blood eosinophilia was likewis determined in 227 of these cases.
      There was a 3% decrease in the incidence of parasitic diseases, more marked among
      the foreign students. The most frequently encountered parasite was Tricocephalus;
      lambliasis showed a slight increase. The importance of coproparasitologic and
      haematologic examinations for the prevention, detection and treatment of
      parasitic diseases in the community investigated is emphasized.

PMID- 694330
TI  - [Prospective evaluation of the risk of congenital toxoplasmosis. II. Further data
      on the immune response during pregnancy].
AB  - The indirect immunofluorescence test was carried out in 500 pregnant women in
      urban and rural areas, with a view to following conversion to seronegative
      values. The evolution of the immune background in infection with T. gondii was
      followed up by comparative analysis of the seroepidemiological data obtained in
      1976 and 1977. It was found that:--Variations in the intensity of endogenous and
      exogenous factors bring about changes in the frequency and intensity of the
      immune response in toxoplasmosis.--Postnatal evolution of the child can be
      correlated with the age of pregnancy when seroconversion accurred and with the
      intensity of the latter.--The predominance of seroconversion in the 6th and 7th
      month of pregnancy and negativation of some of the responses during pregnancy
      suggest the need of an additional serological control during these months.--The
      effect of optimal conditions during springtime resulted in seasonal appearance of
      seroconversions, offering an additional orientation.--In the neonates of
      seropositive mothers no cases of manifest disease were observed; the presence of
      infection has to be subsequently confirmed or invalidated.

PMID- 694331
TI  - [Comparative study of 2 serological methods of diagnosis of acute respiratory
      Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections].
AB  - Complement fixation (CF) and haemagglutination (HAP) with M. pneumoniae antigen
      have proved valuable methods for the etiological diagnosis of acute respiratory
      infections. Both methods are sensitive and specific, provided purified antigens
      are used, of the Kenny and Grayston lipid antigen type for CF and the antigen
      treated by ultrasound and purified by centrifugation for HAP. Concomitant and
      repeated use of both tests is recommended, following the taking of paired serum
      samples at 7 to 10 day intervals the first samples being taken within the first
      ten days of the disease. A single test can only be used for a presumptive
      serologic diagnosis of acute infection with M. pneumoniae and only if the minimal
      diagnostic titre is taken into consideration, i.e. 1/64 for CF and 1/160 for HAP.

PMID- 694332
TI  - [Isolation by uroculture of bacterial flora from ambulatory patients].
AB  - In the out patients investigated between 1974 and 1977 a number of 14046
      quantitative urocultures were performed; 2206 (15.5%) gave relevant results for a
      diagnosis of urinary infection. In 98.5% of the cases, infection was caused by
      Gram negative bacilli, particularly Enterobacteriaceae (98.14%). A set of 11
      biochemical tests, performed in a single stage, was used, correctly establishing
      the genus and in most cases also the species, thus realizing marked economy of
      material and work. It is considered that the taxonomic listing by this set is
      sufficient for a diagnosis of urinary infection. In such cases the clinical
      interest and testing the sensitivity of the strains to antibiotics is of greater
      importance than determination of the serotype, lysotype or biotype, of prevalent
      interest in other types of infection produced by enterobacteria, particularly
      those known to be pathogens.

PMID- 694333
TI  - [Antibiograms of Leptospira on solid media in Petri dishes].
AB  - The sensitivity of fowl leptospirae to antibiotics was tested by diffusiometry on
      solid media in Petri dishes. The method includes two stages: 1) visible
      leptospirae cultures are obtained by central seeding and incubation during 3--5
      days at 28 or 37 degrees C; 2) antibiotic tablets are disposed at 2 cm from the
      visible edge of the multiplication zone of the leptospirae. The edge is marked
      with a pencil at the moment in which the antibiotics are applied. Incubation is
      continued at the same temperatures. The results are read after five days taking
      as reference the position of the marginal multiplication line. The sensitivity of
      leptospirae to antibiotics is expressed by arrested multiplication and resistance
      by advance of the marginal multiplication line up to or even beyond the
      antibiotic tablets. Fowl leptospirae are sensitive to penicillin, tetracyclin,
      chloramphenicol, streptomycin, novobiocin, polymixin, pristinamycin, neomycin,
      erythromycin, and resistant to mycostatin, septrin, rifampicin, optoquine,
      sulphatiazol.

PMID- 694334
TI  - [Studies of the sensitivity to the usual domestic insecticides on insects of the
      Anopheles maculipennis group, and Musca domestica, Cimex lectularius and
      Blattella germanica species].
AB  - The present paper was designed to the study of the degree of sensitivity of
      mosquitoes, flies, bedbugs and cockroaches to organochloride and organophosphoric
      insecticides produced in Romania. Testing of the sensitivity to insecticides of
      these species, important as transmitters of human pathogens, showed the
      effectiveness of the products, which induced a high mortality rate in relatively
      small concentrations. Against Anopheles labranchiae atroparvus, the insecticides
      Detox, Carbetox and Lindatox proved efficient in concentrations of 1.0%, 0.5% and
      1.0% respectively. Against Musca domestica Lindatox and Detox proved efficient in
      1.0% concentration. Cimex lectularius responded with a mortality rate of 100% to
      0.5% Lindatox, 1.5% Plotox and 1.0% Dipterex. Against Blattela germanica, 100%
      mortality was obtained after one hour exposure to Lindatox, Detox and Carbetox in
      1.0% concentration, to 3.3% Plotox and 1% Piretrin.

PMID- 694335
TI  - [Cholangiocholecystitis, an acute attack with acarids in B bile].
AB  - The present paper reports on an acute febrile attack in a patient suffering from
      chronic non-lithiasis cholecystitis. Acarids and acarid eggs in various stages of
      development were found in bile B following duodenal intubation in the course of
      the attack. The administration of magnesium sulphate was followed by abundant
      biliary vomiting. Fever fell within 6 days and marked clinical improvement was
      obtained.

PMID- 694336
TI  - Motivation in retirement years.

PMID- 694337
TI  - Disseminated breast cancer. Current responses to cytotoxic drugs.

PMID- 694338
TI  - Diagnosis and treatment of masses in the augmented breast.

PMID- 694339
TI  - Cryosurgery therapy of cervical dysplasia.

PMID- 694340
TI  - Thrombocytosis: practical approach to diagnosis and treatment.

PMID- 694341
TI  - What's your reading?

PMID- 694342
TI  - Complete heart block in alcoholic cardiomyopathy--a potentially reversible
      process.

PMID- 694343
TI  - A non-invasive vascular laboratory in a small community hospital.

PMID- 694344
TI  - [Summer and autumn nutrition in a selected group of families in a farming
      county].

PMID- 694345
TI  - [Food habits among miners during work. I. Study of individual food rations].

PMID- 694346
TI  - [Determination of free amino acids in the serum and muscles].

PMID- 694347
TI  - [Detection and determination of artificial sweeteners in foodstuffs. I. Detection
      of saccharin, cyclamate and dulcin].

PMID- 694348
TI  - [Detection of trichlorocarbalinide (TCC) in various cosmetics].

PMID- 694349
TI  - [Determination of cadmium in products made of plastic materials].

PMID- 694350
TI  - [Evaluation of human exposure to zinc, cadmium and lead].

PMID- 694351
TI  - [Health conditions in experimental buildings in the light of questionnaire-based
      studies].

PMID- 694352
TI  - [Effect of a mixture of carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides contained in the air
      on experimental animals].

PMID- 694353
TI  - [Effect of hospital disinfectants on the biocenosis of the sprayed substratum].

PMID- 694354
TI  - [Long-term chronic toxicity of propoxur carbamate].

PMID- 694355
TI  - [Changes in weight of internal organs of mice exposed to X-rays at different
      ages].

PMID- 694356
TI  - [Changes in health conditions occurring in elementary school children during
      their 8-year stay as well as their scholastic achievements].

PMID- 694357
TI  - [Microbiological analysis of regenerative meals issued in coal mines in the Upper
      Silesian region].

PMID- 694358
TI  - [Methods of cellulose determination in food products].

PMID- 694359
TI  - [Microbiological quality of frozen cereals and potato products].

PMID- 694360
TI  - [Contents of manganese and vitamin C in the fruits of bilberriers and red berries
      (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) and red berries (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) growing in
      highly industrialized areas].

PMID- 694361
TI  - [A spectrophotofluorometric method for the determination of ochratoxin A in
      cereals].

PMID- 694362
TI  - [Detection and identification of antioxidants in articles made of polyprolene].

PMID- 694363
TI  - [Detection and determination of artificial sweeteners in foodstuffs. II.
      Determination of saccharin].

PMID- 694364
TI  - [Subjective assessment of noise as a nuisance factor in an industrial city
      district].

PMID- 694365
TI  - [Activity of juvenile hormone analogs, derivatives of linear and alicylic
      modified sesquiterpene systems].

PMID- 694366
TI  - [Responses of the cardiovascular system to educational stress in secondary school
      students].

PMID- 694367
TI  - [Artificial lighting in educational institutions in Poland].

PMID- 694368
TI  - [Angiotomography of the vertebrobasilar system technique-indication-results
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Angiotomography is a method which is particularly suitable for application in the
      diagnostics of the vertebrobasilar system on account of its ability to increase
      the selectivity of angiography, the definition of details, and spatial
      orientation. Available techniques include angioautomography with and without
      accessory device, and simultaneous angiotomography and its variations. Among the
      indications, those are predominant where disturbing vascular overshadowing should
      be eliminated and certain details emphasized. Angiotomography of the
      vertebrobasilar system visualizes important vascular structures without
      overshadowing, and hence also facilitates indirectly the assessment of certain
      neural structures. The visualization of the contours of vascularized tumors is
      also improved, and visualization of cystic processes becomes possible. The
      contrast of discrete tumor staining is enhanced, and, last but not least,
      visualization of the vessels themselves, as well as of important details, is
      increased.

PMID- 694369
TI  - [Roentgenological differentiation characteristics in odontomata of the jaw
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Odontomata of the jaw are relatively rare. They can be easily diagnosed by means
      of special x-ray techniques provided they are composite odontomata. Difficulties
      are created by ameloblastofibromes and complex odontomata. Complete excochleation
      predominates in surgical therapy, first importance being given to sparing vital
      neighbouring teeth and vasomotor nerve bundles.

PMID- 694370
TI  - [Optimal blurring in tomography (author's transl)].
AB  - The article discusses the effects on tomographic results exercised by uniform
      exposure distribution in linear direction, as well as by larger exposure
      fractions in the internal half of the pathway and outer pathway sections.
      Predominance of the interior exposure fraction may yield a tomogram which is
      equally significant as obtained with constant blurring, although the angle of the
      pendular movement must be considerably greater. Transferring the medium exposure
      to the outer pathway sections yields faulty images. Uniform exposure distribution
      produces the most favorable results. In multidirectional layers, spiral blurring
      with control-led intensity was found to be most appropriate. This requires the
      smallest pendular angle compared with other tomograms of equal contrast, and also
      avoids faulty images.

PMID- 694371
TI  - [Studies on the sensitivity of ionization chambers (author's transl)].
AB  - In spite of small geometrical dimensions of the ionization chambers, the
      sensitivity distribution throughout the entire chamber must be considered if
      conditions are extreme (small size of field, short distances). Various types of
      chambers were studied with regard to their response threshold along their axis.
      Taking the different wall thicknesses into consideration, different ionization
      chambers show good agreement with regard to the accumulation effect of Co-60
      gamma radiation.

PMID- 694372
TI  - [The value of 100-mm-spotfilm-technique for investigation of the colon (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The diagnostic value of 100 mm-spotfilm-technique for investigations of the colon
      has been evaluated and compared to the conventional screen film technique. No
      difference has been found between the diagnostic value of the two methods, but
      the total number of exposures in the spotfilm technique has to be increased
      compared to the conventional method. There is a reduction of the x-ray dose,
      though not as big as expected.

PMID- 694373
TI  - [Epidemiology of mastocarcinoma (author's transl)].
AB  - Epidemiological examination of female patients with mastocarcinoma yields
      distinct differences in the rate of incidence among different groups of patients.
      In the industrial countries of the West, mastocarcinoma is 8 to 10 times more
      frequent than in the Far East and in some developing countries. In all groups
      under investigation, late primiparae are at an increased risk. Other risk factors
      are: previous familial history of mastocarcinoma, nulliparousness, women after a
      treated mastocarcinoma, as well as women with proliferating mastopathy. The
      setting up of risk groups enabled better on-target focussing of preliminary-care
      examinations.

PMID- 694374
TI  - [Pretherapeutical diagnosis of metastases in carcinoma of the breast (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Conscientious pretherapeutic search for metastases is a prerequisite for every
      curative local therapy of breast carcinoma. This must be preceded by thorough
      physical checkup, supplemented by the usual blood tests, thoracic x-ray, and
      contralateral mammography. The axillary lymphatic nodes should be biopsied, since
      clinical assessment alone, unsupported by other examinations, yields false
      results in about one-third of the cases. Skeleton scintigraphy is recommended for
      routine skeleton diagnostics, possibly followed by specific roentgenography or
      tomography of individual skeleton sections. Bone marrow biopsy as well as
      individual biochemical examinations (discussed in this article in detail) are
      hardly useful in the search for hidden skeleton metastases, but they can be of
      importance in assessing the course of therapy. If there is the slightest clinical
      suspicion of metastases of the liver, brain or other organs, additional special
      examinations must be performed. Scintigraphy in combination with laparoscopy or
      ultrasound tomography is recommended in liver diagnostics. Brain metastases can
      be reliably detected by means of computer tomography.

PMID- 694375
TI  - [Therapy of carcinoma of the breast. Surgery. Present state of knowledge and
      problems (author's transl)].
AB  - For breast cancer of a limited size a tendency away from the radical Halsted
      mastectomy can be noticed. A number of studies conducted during the last few
      years demonstrate that procedures less than radical mastectomy do not necessarily
      jeopardize the primary goal, namely maximal survival without recurrence.
      Lumpectomy, axillary staging and curative irradiation can be applied to small
      breast cancers without clinical evidence of diseased axillary nodes. The quality
      of the rather difficult radiation therapy and of the follow-up are of paramount
      importance.

PMID- 694376
TI  - [Endocrinal and chemotherapy of the metastasising mastocarcinoma (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Treatment of the metastasising mastocarcinoma is based on endocrinal and
      cytostatic treatment methods arranged systematically in parallel and in series.
      With endocrinal therapy alone, remission rates of around 30% are achieved,
      whereas with polychemotherapy the remission rates are 50 to 60%. For a large
      proportion of the patients, the systematic application of both methods leads to
      definite increase in life expectancy at a tolerable quality of life level. The
      determination of steroid hormone receptors in the tumorous tissue allows better
      selection of the patients and hence better on-target therapy.

PMID- 694377
TI  - [Traumatic hemmorrhage of a kidney with three arteries: embolisation and
      development of intrarenally localised renorenal collaterals (author's transl)].
AB  - Successful embolisation with Gelfoam of renal hemorrhage caused by surgery.
      Embolisation was made easier by the fact that bleeding originated from the
      smaller of the three arteries for the right kidney. No persistence of hypertonia.
      Formation of intrarenally localised renorenal collaterals.

PMID- 694378
TI  - [Urographic alterations after kidney stone operation (author's transl)].
AB  - Postoperative excretory urography revealed severe complications after kidney
      stone removal in 17 of 102 patients. In 11 cases stone fragments or remaining
      stones were detected. The high frequency of prognostically important
      postoperative alterations justifies the postulation to carry out control
      urography after every kidney stone operation. Control examinations demonstrate
      prognostically less important changes which must be known by the radiologist to
      differentiate them from tumorous or inflammatory processes.

PMID- 694379
TI  - [Technique and use of percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) with the
      CHIBA needle (author's transl)].
AB  - Experiences with the modified percutaneous transhepatic Cholangiography (PTC)
      with the CHIBA-needle ("skinny-needle") are evaluated and reported. The procedure
      is successul in almost all cases with dilated bile ducts. Therefore a failure to
      opacify the bile ducts with this method suggests an intrahepatic cause of
      cholestasis. No serious side effects have been observed in 45 cases.

PMID- 694380
TI  - [Duodenogastric reflux in roentgenexaminations (author's transl)].
AB  - Duodenogastric reflux (DGR) favours gastritis, ulcer and carcinoma of the
      stomach, as well as bleeding from oesophagealvaricosis. DGR is seen regulary in
      roentgenexaminations of the operated stomach--with exception of selectiv proximal
      vagotomie--, and in approximately 30-50% in roentgenexaminations of the non
      operated stomach. Quantification of the DGR is possible by intraduodenal
      application of Barium or Jodcontaining substances via transpyloric tube,
      endoscope or intracholedochal T-tube, and cinematographical and electronic
      registration of the roentgenexamination.

PMID- 694381
TI  - [Theories on radiobiological effects (author's transl)].
AB  - Radiobiology has revealed two entirely different effects on irradiated cells. An
      early, interphase, death (alpha-effect) and also sublethal and potential lethal
      damage causing mitotic abnormalities leading to a delayed death (beta-effect).
      The alpha-effect, caused by relative great ion densities, is now interpreted as a
      double break of the DNA molecule in the cell nucleus. The beta-effect, caused by
      smaller ion densities might be due to adjacent single breaks of the DNA. The
      nonlinear dose dependent of the beta-effect can be explained by rapid repair
      processe having a limited repair capacity. Slow repair of damaged normal cells in
      G1-phase can be enhanced by medical means and this might be important for
      clinical radiotherapy.

PMID- 694382
TI  - [Primary hyperparathyroidism as differential diagnosis of severe skeletal
      destructions (author's transl)].
AB  - The case of a 45-year old female patient with primary hyperparathyroidism is
      described to show that this disease can occur under the principal sign of a
      destruction of the cervical vertebral column. The roentgenological changes
      associated with primary hyperparathyroidism are discussed and their differential
      diagnostic significance is emphasised. The radially located subperiostal
      absorptions are the first roentgenological changes seen in PHPT and represent
      signs which make it highly probably that this disease is present.

PMID- 694383
TI  - [Roentgen diagnosis of injuries of the ankle joint (author's transl)].
AB  - Lesions of the ankle joint affect the bone and/or ligaments. It will often be
      necessary to conduct additional radiological examinations besides the standard x
      ray films. These additional examinations should include: 1. roentgenograms taken
      at an oblique angle; 2. x-ray films taken in forced extreme joint position in two
      planes; 3. roentgenograms comparing right and left; 4. arthrography. The article
      discusses the value and significance of the additional roentgenograms, with
      particular reference to the importance of the films of the forced extreme joint
      position.

PMID- 694384
TI  - [Radial aplasia and associated defects (author's transl)].
AB  - The article reports on a newborn with multiple malformations, especially of the
      extremities, known as VATERS-association symptom complex. The clinical and
      roentgenological findings are described and the differential diagnosis of the
      most frequent symptom of radial aplasia is explained.

PMID- 694385
TI  - [Plain roentgenography findings of congenital heart disease (author's transl)].
AB  - Plain roentgenography of congenital heart disease in newborn is subject to narrow
      diagnostic limitations. The cardiac abnormalities should preferably be classified
      according to haemodynamic criteria. In most cases the diagnostic information is
      restricted to the statement whether the malformation detected plain
      roentgenography is associated with normal, increased or decreased pulmonary
      perfusion. Most cardiac abnormalities occur in conjunction with a more or less
      pronounced cardiomegaly, and only the tetralogy of Fallot, tricuspid atresia, and
      total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage are associated with a heart of normal
      or only slightly enlarged size. Configurations which are considered as being
      typical of congenital heart disease are only seen in the tetralogy of Fallot and
      in tricuspid atresia (wooden shoe deformity) on the one hand, and in the
      transposition of the great arteries and the truncus arteriosus on the other
      eggshaped heart). Differentiation between these malformations of the heart is
      sometimes possible via the position of the aortic arch. The factors mainly
      responsible for the development of cardiac insufficiency during the first few
      days of life should be the coarctation of the aorta and the hypoplastic left
      heart syndrome.

PMID- 694386
TI  - [Exomphalos. A review of 23 cases (author's transl)].
AB  - The omphalocele is very often combined with congenital malformations and is
      primarely to be looked at as a medical and surgical disease. The radiological
      examination possibly can help to decrease the rate of mortality by disclosing the
      malformations. These very often consist of malformations, complicating ileus and
      Bochdalek's hernia. We present 23 cases with omphalocele with special regard to
      the congenital malformations, complications postoperatively and the causes of
      death.

PMID- 694387
TI  - [The use of nuclear medicine in the examination to liver and spleen (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The employment of scintigraphy in the examination of liver and spleen represents
      a simple and rapid diagnostic method which hardly burdens the patient since it is
      non-invasive. The accuracy ratings in respect of focal lesions show that it
      should not be over-estimated. When used in a meaningful and relevant manner
      within the spectrum of all available diagnostic measures, however, liver-spleen
      scintigraphy will often supply significant information.

PMID- 694388
TI  - [Internistic diagnosis of the parenchymatous epigastric organs (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Since endoscopy became part of routine diagnostic measures in epigastric
      diseases, less weight has been attached to x-ray examinations, although the range
      of application of radiological diagnosis has widened rather than narrowed. In the
      first place this must be ascribed to the combined diagnostic methods of
      endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreaticography (ERCP), percutaneous
      transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) and to a limited extent also to percutaneous
      transjugular cholangiography (PTJC). All three methods are typical examples of
      the increasing importance of teamwork between the internist engaged in
      gastroenterology and the radiologist. Other methods, too, the application of
      which is being practised both by internists and radiologists, are growing in
      importance, such as sonography and computerised tomography. However, the decisive
      factor is that today the indication for radiological examinations can be
      determined in a much more selective fashion than only a few years age:
      enzymological and serological laboratory and functional investigations are now
      being used as routine and screening methods and will enable the internist to
      direct pointed questions at the radiologist. X-ray diagnostics can hold its own
      within the framework of internistic general diagnostics only if it pays more
      attention to the more refined examination methods.

PMID- 694389
TI  - [Recent trends in lymphangiography of the lower extremities].

PMID- 694390
TI  - The incidence of atherosclerosis-related changes in the coronary arteries of
      neonates, infants and children (preliminary data).

PMID- 694391
TI  - Sinus node reentrant supraventricular tachycardia.

PMID- 694392
TI  - Value of the electrocardiographic stress test by atrial pacing in the healing
      stages of experimental myocardial infarction.
AB  - To check up the value of atrial pacing (AP) in estimating the degree of healing
      in myocardial necrosis, an ECG study was carried out in 20 dogs with experimental
      myocardial infarction induced by ligation of the left descending coronary artery.
      The main ECG changes recorded after ligation i.e., Q waves in 14 animals (73%), S
      T segment elevation in 14 (74%) and decrease of QRS voltage in 12 (63%),
      disappeared within a 7-day interval. Anesthesia with Nembutal 56--57 days after
      ligation and before AP application induced the occurrence of Q waves in 6
      animals, S-T segment depression in 18 and T wave inversion in 12. AP during 20
      minutes, at a heart rate of 200 beats/min, produced the appearance or the
      increase of S-T segment depression in 14 animals and T wave inversion in 12.
      These findings support the assumption that the AP stress test can be used for the
      evaluation of the necrosis degree in the healing stages of experimental
      myocardial infarction, but a correct interpretation of the ECG changes induced by
      AP should also take into account the previous abnormalities due to anesthesia.

PMID- 694393
TI  - [Bronchial ossifying spinocellular epithelioma].

PMID- 694394
TI  - The methodology of cardiovascular disease epidemiology.
AB  - Chronic disease epidemiology emerged from a methodological necessity, namely to
      break the deadlock of the medical science faced with a sudden upsurge of these
      diseases, especially cardiovascular, after the Second World War. The author
      analyses the shortcomings of clinical investigation in contrast with the
      epidemiological approach, the qualitative and quantitative prerequisites of the
      latter, as well as its methodological instruments, pointing out misunderstandings
      and improper uses of some terms i.e., epidemiology is not one and the same thing
      as ecology; epidemiology precludes passive detection; the environmental agent is
      not identical to the risk factor; the risk factor is not diagnostic. It is worth
      making these distinctions in order to enhance the value of epidemiology as a
      first step toward prevention.

PMID- 694395
TI  - Separation and purification of LDH and alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes for the
      improvement of organo-specific diagnosis.
AB  - The LDH isoenzymes from mixed granulocytic populations and from homogenates of
      different organs, as well as alkaline phosphatase from human liver and intestine,
      were separated and purified by means of chromatography using ion exchangers (DEAE
      cellulose and DEAE-Sephadex A50). Comparison of purified LDH isoenzyme
      chromatograms with the zymograms in agar gel has allowed the determination of the
      isoenzymatic pattern of the respective tissues and its correlation with the
      predominant energetic processes. The purified extracts of alkaline phosphate have
      lead to the characterization of the main molecular forms of the enzyme thus
      enabling a more precise organo-specific diagnosis.

PMID- 694396
TI  - Experimental studies concerning the mechanism of the thyroid-pineal
      interrelationship. I. The action of the pineal peptides on the thyroid gland.
AB  - Subcutaneous administration of a pineal polypeptide extract, "Crinofizin", to
      adult male Wistar rats having the thyroid function inhibited by prolonged
      administration of MTU, has important effects on both the whole organism (slightly
      correcting the weight increase rate, loweri g cholesterolemia) and the thyroid
      gland (reducing thyroid hyperplasia and playing a part in various stages of
      thyroid hormones metabolism). Thus under pineal treatment one can observe a clear
      tendency to return to the normal values of the thyroid parameters strongly
      modified by MTU, as RIC, intrathyroid proteic iodine, tissue thyroid hormones
      distribution, blood PBI and total T4. It appears that these effects of pineal
      peptides are induced directly on the thyroid and/or via the hypophyso-thyroid
      axis which they intercept and equilibrate (moderate).

PMID- 694397
TI  - Circadian variation of pituitary LH and FSH in the pinealectomized rat.

PMID- 694398
TI  - The enteroendocrine cells during the normal development of the rat and in some
      human digestive diseases.
AB  - The enteroendocrine cells were studied in rats from one day to two years of age.
      A gradual increase in the number of argentaffin granules and cell volumes
      paralleling the ageing was observed. The volumes of argentaffin cells in rats
      reached a maximum at 9 months and decreased towards two years. The argentaffin
      cells of the intestine are significantly larger than the gastric ones. No
      significant correlation was found between argentaffin granules number and cell
      volumes and the gastric or duodenal ulcers. A slight hyperplasia of
      enteroendocrine cells around the gastric ulcers was noticed.

PMID- 694399
TI  - 45Ca uptake in tooth germs: effects of parathormone, calcitonin and propranolol.
AB  - Tooth germs harvested from 6-day-old rats were incubated in a 45Ca-containing
      medium for 6 hours. The addition of PTH consistently stimulated the increase in
      45Ca uptake, while calcitonin significantly reduced both the PTH-stimulated
      incorporation and the spontaneous one. Dibutyrul CAMP (3.5 mM) had no effects.
      Propranolol significantly inhibited the spontaneous and stimulated 45Ca uptake.
      Results obtained support the concept that the two hormones have a clear influence
      on calcium entering the tooth germs in full calcification process probably by
      early membrane effect.

PMID- 694400
TI  - The thyroglobulin variations during the thyroid surgery for polynodular goiter,
      hyperthyroidism and cancer.
AB  - A radioimmunoassay (RIA) double antibody system for human thyroglobulin (Tgl) was
      developed with a sensitivity of 2.5 ng/ml T3 and T4 did not interfere in the
      antibody Tgl binding. The blood was collected pre-, intra- and 24 hrs post
      thyroidectomy from 50 females and 4 males diagnosed as polynodular goiter,
      hyperthyroidism, chronic thyroiditis and thyroid cancer. The ratios of the intra-
      and post-operatory values versus pre-operatory values were calculated. The basal
      values in the patients having thyroid troubles varied within very large limits
      (two orders of magnitude) and these values could not be clearly correlated to the
      thyroid pathology, However, in untreated hyperthyroid patients the basal values
      exceeded 100 ng/ml, while in medullary carcinoma they were near the sensitivity
      limit of the technique. The intra-operatory values varied within the percentual
      area (thyroid carcinoma), multiplicative area (polynodular goiter and some cases
      of hyperthyroidism) and the order of magnitude area (hyperthyroid patients and
      some of the polynodular goiters). The value of the RIA measurement of the Tgl in
      the serum as an adjuvant in the post-treatment follow up of thyroid patients is
      discussed.

PMID- 694402
TI  - The pineal gland in the biology of mammals.

PMID- 694401
TI  - Cardiovascular pathology in acromegaly and some effects of the 90 yttrium implant
      in the hypophysis.
AB  - Examination of the cardiovascular apparatus (cv) of 25 acromegalic patients
      revealed an increased incidence of cardiovascular pathology as against normal
      individuals. Acromegalic patients with arterial hypertension (AH) show a twice
      higher incidence of ischemic cardiopathy, cardiomegaly with obvious or latent
      cardiac failure, arrhythmias, which frequently lead to death. The uncertain
      pathogeny of cardiomyopathy implied: hypoxia due to heart hypertrophy (over 500 g
      and increased cross-section of the fibre to over 26/mu), adrenergic deficiency
      resulting from increased protein synthesis and decrease in thyrosine, a precursor
      of myocardic cathecolamines. The increased incidence of coronary pathology is
      favoured in acromegalic patients by diabetes, hyperlipoproteinemia, low
      endogenous heparin, increased ureic acid and platelet adhesivity. Hypophysectomy
      by hypophysolysis (20 cases) brings relief and cures cardiovascular pathology,
      reduces AH, corrects the coronary risk factors, cures hypophyseal diabetes. The
      existence of AH and cardiovascular pathology is an indication for surgical
      treatment in evolutive acromegaly.

PMID- 694403
TI  - [Replacement of the canine teeth in the European wild cat Felis silvestris Schreb
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 694404
TI  - [New studies on the parasitic helminths of the short-tailed shrew Blarina
      brevicauda (Say) (author's transl)].

PMID- 694405
TI  - [Comparison of the haemodynamic action of triiodothyronine and thyroxine in rats
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 694406
TI  - [Causes of surgically confirmed obstructive jaundice (author's transl)].

PMID- 694407
TI  - [Arterial injuries (author's transl)].

PMID- 694408
TI  - [Causes, prevention and treatment of thromboses of reconstructions of the aorto
      iliac portion (author's transl)].

PMID- 694409
TI  - Iron absorption and serum ferritin in chronic inflammatory bowel disease.

PMID- 694410
TI  - Percutaneous fine-needle aspiration biopsy during endoscopic retrograde cholangio
      pancreatography.
AB  - In 12 non-icteric patients, changes in the pancreatic duct indicative of
      carcinoma were found during endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography
      (ERCP). Percutaneous fine-needle biopsy was positive for cancer in six cases.
      Nine of the 12 patients were later proved to have carcinoma of the pancreas.
      There was one falsely negative biopsy but no false positives. In two cases no
      pancreatic cells were found in the smear. It seems that percutaneous fine-needle
      aspiration biopsy during ERCP is a feasible procedure and can be recommended in
      ductal changes indicative of carcinoma.

PMID- 694411
TI  - Influence of repeated administration of cholecystokinin and secretin on the
      pancreas of the rat.
AB  - Repeated injections of cholecystokinin (CCK) during a period of up to 3 weeks
      significantly increased the weight of the pancreas in rats. This was associated
      with an increase in the amount of protein per unit weight of DNA, suggesting
      hypertrophy of the acinar cells, and with increase in the total amount of
      pancreatic DNA, indicating additional hyperplasia of the gland. CCK
      administration also increased the pancreatic content of amylase and trypsin, but
      the content of lipase remained unchanged. The rate of secretion of the two
      enzymes increased in the CCK-treated rats, although it appeared that the
      functional capacity of the individual pancreatic acinar cells was not increased.
      CCK injections had no effect on the insulin content of the pancreas or on the
      composition of the partoid glands. Repeated injections of secretin in the doses
      used in this study had no effect on the pancreas.

PMID- 694412
TI  - Clinical studies of the utilization of an oligopeptide-containing synthetic diet.
      Preliminary communication.
AB  - In 12 patients comparative studies were carried out, to assess the therapeutic
      effect of synthetic diets containing either oligopeptides (Oligopep) or pure
      amino acids (Viva-sorb). Owing to side effects and failing therapeutic success it
      was possible to carry through nitrogen balance studies in only 7 patients. No
      difference could be shown between the two preparations with respect to nitrogen
      balance, stool mass and clinical effect. Four of the 7 patients had ulcerative
      colitis.

PMID- 694413
TI  - Antral content and secretion of gastrins in pigs.

PMID- 694414
TI  - Gastric emptying of a liquid meal in health and duodenal ulcer disease.
AB  - In the present investigation an extension of the method of George was used, which
      allows the rate of emptying of the gastric content (GC) to be assessed. The aim
      of the study was to find out whether ther is any difference in gastric emptying
      rate of a liquid meal of 750 ml 10% glucose (glucose monohydrate, mol. wt. 198)
      between healthy subjects and duodenal ulcer patients (DU). The straight numerical
      volume of GC, the logarithm and the square root of GC were related to time, and
      these functions were compared. The correlation coefficient for the regression
      line for these functions showed that data both for healthy subjects and DU gave a
      better fit to the GC/time and GC/relationship than to a semi-logarithmic
      function, when the starting point at time zero was excluded. Regardless of the
      type of transformation of the basic data, there was no difference between healthy
      controls and DU as regards the regression coefficient, indicating that from 20
      min after the installation of the test volume the GC is decreasing at the same
      rate in the two groups. When the straight numerical volume of GC was used, there
      was a significant difference in the extrapolated Y-intercept for the regression
      lines between healthy subjects and the DU, indicating an increased initial
      emptying in the DU patients. This was further confirmed when the volume emptied
      during consecutive 20-min periods was estimated. Furthermore, there was a shorter
      emptying time in patients with duodenal ulcer than in healthy controls.

PMID- 694415
TI  - Comparative effects of synthetic and natural vasoactive intestinal peptide on
      pancreatic and biliary secretion and on glucose and insulin blood levels in the
      dog.
AB  - The effects of synetic porcine vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on pancreatic
      and biliary secretion and on glucose, insulin and calcium blood levels were
      examined in the dog and compared with the effects of natural porcine VIP.
      Synthetic VIP was a secretin-like partial agonist of pancreatic and biliary
      secretion with efficacies relative to secretin of 0.27 and 0.41, respectively.
      Consistent with its weak secretin-like action, synthetic VIP augmented the
      pancreatic response to CCK-OP and the submaximal but not the maximal response to
      secretin. Synthetic VIP also produced a dose-dependent increase in blood glucose
      levels and a synchronous and proportionate increase in blood insulin levels. A
      slight increase in total calcium levels was equivocal. The effects of antural VIP
      on pancreatic and biliary secretion and on glucose and insulin blood levels were
      identical to those of synthetic VIP. The identity of effects supports the
      validity of the postulated structure of porcine VIP. Although elicited at high
      doses, the effects of VIP on exocrine and endocrine secretion may be relevant
      physiologically in the context of a neurocrine or paracrine role for VIP.

PMID- 694416
TI  - In vitro medullary granulocytic progenitor (CFUc) cultures from 6 cases of
      granulocytopenias.
AB  - Medullary granulocyte progenitor (CFUc) cultures were grown in vitro from samples
      taken from 6 patients with toxic granulocytopenia caused by either thiamphenicol
      cephalothin or amidopyrine and who are now apparently cured. A decreased in the
      medullary concentration of CFUc has been observed and a calculated estimate shows
      that there was a decrease in their absolute number. A decrease in the number of
      CFUc per 10(5) metamyelocytes suggests a possible compensation by mitotic
      amplification between the stem cell and the differentiated cells. Two successive
      cultures have shown that the course of such medullary cultures is variable. The
      existence of medullary anomalies before drug toxicity as well as the practical
      consequences of the contrast between the apparent cure and the decrease in CFUc
      are discussed.

PMID- 694417
TI  - Iron kinetics and erythropoiesis in Fanconi's anaemia.
AB  - Ferrokinetic studies were carried out in 4 patients with Fanconi's anaemia (FA).
      Experimental data were analysed by means of a mathematical model of iron kinetics
      in order to obtain a quantitative assessment of effective and ineffective
      erythropoietic activity, mean red cell lifespan, and non-erythroid iron turnover.
      The major pathogenetic mechanism of the anaemia appeared to be relative marrow
      failure, i.e. a reduction in the proliferative capacity of the erythroid marrow.
      The role of ineffective erythropoiesis was of minor importance. On the basis of
      the results obtained both the pathogenesis and the natural course of the disease
      are discussed.

PMID- 694418
TI  - Lactoferrin in haematology.

PMID- 694419
TI  - Hairy cell leukaemia. Clinical features and effect of splenectomy.
AB  - Hairy-cell leukaemia (leukaemic reticuloendotheliosis) is a well-defined clinical
      entity. Most of the recent reports are almost entirely concerned with the
      pathological and functional aspects of the disease. In the present retrospective
      study the clinical features and laboratory data of 12 patients were analyzed
      together with a series of 123 adequately clinically documented cases from the
      literature. The Hb level and the sex of the patient proved to be the only
      parameters having some prognostic value for the survival time after diagnosis.
      The effect of splenectomy was assessed in two comparable groups of 24
      splenectomized and 51 non-splenectomized patients. The operation seemed to be
      beneficial, but after 2 years the difference was not significant(.05 less than P
      less than .10). Analysis of subgroups showed that splenectomy was definitely
      beneficial in women, in patients with a Hb level over 8.0 g/dl or a platelet
      level above 50 X 10(9)/1, in patients with leucocytes below 3 X 10(9/1, , and
      also in patients with hepatomegaly (P less than .05 in all cases). These findings
      suggest that splenectomy is beneficial in cases where anaemia and
      thrombocytopenia are not very severe; in severe cytopenia the operation does not
      increase the life expectancy.

PMID- 694420
TI  - Type I congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia with myelopoietic abnormalities and
      hand malformations.
AB  - Type I dyserythropoietic anaemia was diagnosed in an infant, who presented with
      respiratory distress and hepatosplenomegaly soon after birth. Anaemia became
      manifest during the neonatal period. The case clearly proves the congenital
      nature of the disease. Abnormalities of the myelopoietic series indicate that it
      might be a stem cell disease and the presence of skeletal anomalies of the hands
      suggests a genetic relationship to some cases of Fanconi and Diamond anaemia. No
      serum lipid or vitamin E deficiency was present as in type II congenital
      dyserythropoietic anaemia. Serial serum ferritin determinations indicated that
      iron stores are increased early in type I congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia
      despite no transfusion load.

PMID- 694421
TI  - Congenital factor V deficiency. A family study.
AB  - A 14-month-old girl suffering from a heavy bleeding tendency, caused by a severe
      isolated congenital factor V deficiency is described. In this study 56 family
      members were examined. 10 of them had a factor V level ranging 26-60% of the
      normal--these were classified as heterozygotes. The case histories of the
      heterozygotes did not reveal a bleeding tendency. The inheritance of this factor
      V deficiency is autosomal recessive, with varying expressivity in the
      heterozygotes.

PMID- 694422
TI  - Lymphomatoid granulomatosis of the lung, liver and spleen.
AB  - A female patient with lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LYG) involving lung, liver and
      spleen is described. Our case presented with signs and laboratory data indicating
      severe hepatic failure. It is not clear if this disorder represents a distinct
      pathological or clinical entity. In this report the differences between LYG and
      the two disease groups which it most resembles, Wegener's granulomatosis and
      malignant lymphoma are discussed.

PMID- 694424
TI  - Effect of tissue specific mitotic inhibitors on survival time of spontaneous and
      virus-induced murine leukaemia and influence on myocardial degeneration.
AB  - Treatment of adult AKR mice with tissue-specific mitotic inhibitor mol. wt. 1,000
      -20,000 extracted from the AKR thymus significantly delayed the onset of
      spontaneous thymus leukaemia, whereas extracts of other organs were without
      effect. A slight prolongation of survival time was found with spleen extract when
      administered to BALB/c mice infected with Rauscher virus, which causes leukaemia
      starting in the spleen. Thymus extracts of MW 100,000--300,000 caused myocardial
      degeneration in some leukaemic and nonleukaemic mice.

PMID- 694423
TI  - CFU-C populations in blood and bone marrow of dogs after lethal irradiation and
      allogeneic transfusion with cryopreserved blood mononuclear cells.

PMID- 694425
TI  - Studies on human preleukaemia II. In vitro colony forming capacity in
      aregenerative anaemia with hypercellular bone marrow.

PMID- 694426
TI  - Reversible severe anaemia and granulocytopenia caused by procainamide. A case
      report.
AB  - A 64-year-old male developed severe anaemia during procainamide therapy. At the
      same time granulocytopenia was found. Discontinuation of procainamide led to
      complete recovery. Severe anaemia due to the use of procainamide is not well
      known. The available data indicate a maturation block of the erythropoiesis as
      the possible cause of the anaemia, perhaps in combination with an autoimmune
      haemolysis.

PMID- 694427
TI  - Interpretation of measured red cell mass in the diagnosis of polycythaemia.
AB  - Expression of predicted and measured red cell mass (RCM) in terms of ml/kg body
      wt. lacks precision. The use of formulae for prediction of normal mean red cell
      mass derived from the blood volume prediction (BV) of Nadler et al (1962) has
      been examined. It is proposed that a more accurate determination of mean normal
      predicted red cell mass (MNRCM) is obtained by using: 0.47 X 0.91 X BV = MNRCM
      for males; 0.43 X 0.91 X BV = MNRCM for females. The MNRCMs given by these
      formulae agree with those given by predictions based on lean body mass and
      surface area. Examination of the '95% confidence limits' of the 'Nadler'
      prediction indicates that males with measured RCMs greater than 25% and females
      with measured RCMs greater than 30% above their MNRCM may be regarded as having
      polycythaemia.

PMID- 694429
TI  - Healing of experimentally induced burn wounds. A comparative study of the healing
      of exposed burn wounds and burn wounds covered with adhesive zinc-tape and a
      scanning electron microscopic study of the microvasculature of wound healing in
      the rabbit ear.
AB  - A comparative study of the healing of experimentally induced burn wounds on the
      inner side of the rabbit ear treated with either adhesive zinc-tape or exposure
      to the air is presented. During tape treatment, tissue necroses were dissolved,
      thus exposing the granulation tissue surface. In wounds treated with zinc-tape,
      fewer and smaller perforations to the opposite side of the ear were found,
      compared with those in exposed wounds. It is suggested that the frequency of
      perforations can be used as a simple measure of extension of tissue necroses
      after burning in relation to different methods of wound treatment. A
      microangiographic method is also presented for three-dimensional visualization of
      vascular events during healing using scanning electron microscopy on vascular
      casts.

PMID- 694428
TI  - Fletcher factor deficiency: report of a new family.
AB  - 3 cases of Fletcher factor deficiency in a family not related to the 6 families
      already published (Hathaway et al 1965, Hattersley & Hayse 1970, Abildgaard &
      Harrison 1974) are studied. In the family described here, 3 of 4 siblings have a
      Fletcher factor level of less than 1% and the fourth has a level of 46%; the
      Fletcher factor level in the father is 48% and in the mother 38%. This suggests
      an autosomal recessive transmission. Clinically they do not present spontaneous
      bleedings and only one of the siblings required a unit of blood after an
      amygdalectomy. It is also of interest to emphasize that 3 of the siblings
      suffered from congenital multiple arthrogryposis and that 2 of them presented the
      arthrogryposis together with the Fletcher factor deficiency, a circumstance which
      could have been favored by the consanguinity of the parents. The fact that the
      family described here is white and of Mediterranean origin contradicts the idea
      that there exists a special predisposition among members of the black race for
      this disease.

PMID- 694430
TI  - Absorption, retention and excretion of 65Zn in rats with wounds treated with 65Zn
      labelled zinc tape.
AB  - Absorption, retention and excretion of 65Zn in rats from excisional wounds
      treated with 65Zn-labelled zinc tape were studied. The absorption of 65Zn was
      marked and indicates that the absorption of zinc from the tape is more than
      sufficient to account for the increases in zinc concentrations seen in several
      tissues. The distribution, retention and excretion of 65Zn from the zinc tape
      followed a pattern similar to that of 65Zn injected into non-operated and
      operated rats. This indicates that the zinc from the tape is present in the body
      not as zinc oxide, as it is in the adhesive substance of the tape, but as zinc in
      those forms which are originally found in the body and that zinc oxide is ionized
      before absorption. In tissues with a rapid uptake of zinc more than 50% of the
      total concentration of zinc derived from the zinc tape after eight days of
      treatment. In operated animals which were not treated with zinc tape a decline
      was seen in the serum zinc concentration and excretion of zinc with a concomitant
      increase in the liver concentration of zinc.

PMID- 694431
TI  - Perfusion and reimplantation of a free skin flap in a dog. A preliminary report.
AB  - This report describes perfusion and subsequent reimplantation of an isolated
      lower abdominal skin flap with an axial vascular pattern. Perfusion was
      maintained for 80 min at +8 degree C using a hemoglobin-free perfusate.
      Reimplantation was performed by microvascular anastomoses. Healing was complete.

PMID- 694432
TI  - Combined bilateral external ear deformity and hypoplastic mandible. Case report.

PMID- 694433
TI  - Midline cervical clefts. Case report.
AB  - Midline cervical cleft is a rare congenital deformity in the anterior portion of
      the neck. A skin lesion is present with an underlying fibrous cord-like formation
      that in severe cases caused contracture. Disagreement exists as to the
      pathogenesis. Treatment comprises excision and Z-plasty. A case is reported where
      the MCC coexisted with a thyreoglossal duct fistula.

PMID- 694434
TI  - A new tongue flap for closure of a pharyngo-cutaneous fistula. Case report.
AB  - An apparently original version of the several available tongue flaps is presented
      for the reconstruction of a lateral pharyngo-cutaneous fistula in a patient where
      several reconstructive attempts after excision for a malignant tumour had failed.

PMID- 694435
TI  - Treatment of prostatic carcinoma with cyproterone acetate.
AB  - Sixteen patients with prostatic carcinoma were treated with 200 mg of Cyproterone
      acetate daily. No other kind of hormonal treatment was administered. Increasing
      skeletal metastases were observed in 6 patients, whereas significant reduction of
      metastases took place in 2 patients. Objective relief of stranguria was observed
      only in 3 patients. The amount of residual urine increased in 3 patients and was
      reduced in 5. In about one third of the patients, the prostate gland became
      smaller and softer. The acidic phosphatases decreased from pathological to normal
      values in 7 patients. There were no observed hepatic, renal or haemotological
      side-effects. However, serious cardio-vascular complications occurred in 6
      patients, while arterial hypertension developed in 4. It is suggested that
      Cyproterone acetate cannot be recommended as the only kind of hormonal treatment
      of prostatic cancer.

PMID- 694436
TI  - On gestagen treatment of advanced prostatic carcinoma.
AB  - Depostat treatment was found to reduce plasma testosterone and to have a
      gonadotrophin suppressive effect in males. In our study the clinical effect on
      prostatic cancer was, however, disappointing when compared to the well
      established effect of orchiectomy. The therapeutic failure of Depostat might be
      related to the incomplete suppression of plasma testosterone compared to that
      observed after orchiectomy.

PMID- 694437
TI  - Bladder function in healthy elderly males.
AB  - Bladder function was studied in 20 healthy elderly male volunteers using
      cystometry, uroflowmetry and voiding cystourethrography. Two persons were
      excluded from the study as neurological examination had shown evidence of organic
      neurological disease, and one person did not complete the study. 53% of the
      remaining 17 persons had detrusor hyperreflexia. Urinary flow rates were reduced
      and maximal intravesical pressures elevated in the persons studied, although they
      claimed to have a normal voiding pattern. No correlation was found between the
      reduction of urinary flow rate respectively increase in maximal intravesical
      pressure and the presence of detrusor hyperreflexia. The high incidence of
      detrusor reflex disturbances thus suggests that incipient infravesical
      obstruction in old age and possible subclinical impairment of the central nervous
      control of the micturition reflex are major etiological factors in detrusor
      hyperreflexia.

PMID- 694438
TI  - Tissue adhesive in surgical and crush renal trauma. An experimental angiographic
      investigation in the rabbit.
AB  - Angiography and nephroangiography has been performed 3 and 6--10 weeks after
      induced trauma to 18 rabbit kidneys. The lesions, mimicking crush trauma or
      surgical ectomy, were repaired using a cyano-acrylate. Perinephric tissue was
      adhered to the wound and made repair easier in crush trauma. In the resected
      kidneys it constituted a new pelvic wall. The angiographies demonstrated that in
      essence only the directly traumatized arteries were abnormal, that the cortical
      lesions were very small and the venous drainage unimpaired. The function,
      assessed on urograms, was good. No ureteric obstruction was present.

PMID- 694439
TI  - HLA and kidney stone disease.
AB  - Normocalcemic patients with recurring kidney stones were HLA typed. 54 patients
      with an idiopathic high urinary excretion of calcium but without signs of renal
      tubular defect showed a B27 phenotype frequency which was more than twice that of
      the controls and a CW1 frequency that was doubled. After correction for the
      number of tested HLA specificities the increase was not significant. 35 patients
      with renal tubular acidosis and 16 patients with no metabolic diagnosis had no
      deviant HLA antigen distribution.

PMID- 694440
TI  - Comparison of radiological measurement and actual size of ureteral calculi.
AB  - 100 ureteral calculi were measured on X-ray films and directly on the stone after
      passage or removal. The largest diameters were compared. The size of the stone
      was radiologically overestimated for 59 stones, correct for 26 and underestimated
      for 15. 73 of the stones were radiologically measured within +/-25% of the actual
      size.

PMID- 694441
TI  - Transurethral extraction of ureteral stone guided by television fluoroscopy.
AB  - In 45 patients with ureteral calculi 2 to 8 mm in diameter, attempts were made to
      remove the stones transurethrally, using a Dormia extractor and television
      fluoroscopic monitoring. The procedure was successful in 34 patients. The success
      rate was 74% when the stones were 5 mm or less and 68% with the larger stones. In
      10 patients when instrumental extraction failed, this was followed immediately by
      open surgery, for removal of stone. The reasons for failure of the transurethral
      procedure are presented. Great care in performance and preparedness for open
      surgery are always required, especially when the stone is large. Television
      facilities should be good and include image intensifier. There were no serious
      complications of instrumental or surgical removal of calculi.

PMID- 694442
TI  - A longitudinal study of arterial blood pressure in chronic haemodialysis patients
      with different levels of plasma renin concentration.
AB  - The purpose of the study was to examine the value of regular measurements of
      plasma renin concentration (PRC) in selecting those chronic haemodialysis
      patients suitable for bilateral nephrectomy to prevent development of
      uncontrollable hypertension. Regular measurements of arterial blood pressure (BP)
      and PRC were performed during one year in 31 patients undergoing regular
      haemodialysis because of end-stage renal disease. Among 18 patients with PRC
      greater than or equal to 100 micro Goldblatt units per ml plasma (microGU/ml)
      systolic and/or diastolic hypertension persisted or developed in 12. In contrast,
      among 13 patients with PRC greater than 100microGU/ml, BP became normal in all
      but one, who had a slightly increased systolic BP. However, hypertension was mild
      and easily controlled by conventional therapy in all except one, who probably had
      an overlying volume-dependent hypertension. Therefore, bilateral nephrectomy was
      not necessary in any case. The results indicate that hypertension in the majority
      of chronic haemodialysis patients with high PRC can be adequately controlled
      without surgical intervention and that regular measurements of PRC have no
      practical value in forecasting the development of uncontrollable hypertension in
      chronic haemodialysis patients.

PMID- 694443
TI  - Mathematical and clinical investigation of the RP6-rhodial 75 system. Evaluation
      of high and low middle molecular clearance dialysis.
AB  - The clearance for "middle molecules" measured in vitro was considerably higher
      for a polyacrylonitrile than for a cuprophan membrane, even when the former had
      been used for patients three times. Using a two pool mathematical model, an
      adequate correlation was found between the calculated values and those measured
      during RP6-Rhodial 75 dialysis (RP6). The treatment time needed for dialysis of
      "middle molecules" with the Gambro 13.5mu in single pass (Gambro S. P.) was four
      times longer than with RP6. In a long-term clinical study, when RP6 and Gambro S.
      P. dialysis were compared, no difference in the clinical condition of the
      patients was found. Clinical condition was not affected by the urea or "middle
      molecule" levels. The ultrafiltration tolerance was improved during hemodialysis
      with systems resulting in a low urea clearance.

PMID- 694444
TI  - Refluxing ureteral stump.
AB  - Two cases are presented of reflux into a residual ureter causing recurrent
      urinary tract infection. A voiding cysto-urethrogram should be included in the
      investigative routines when nephrectomy for unilateral chronic pyelonephritis is
      planned. If severe reflux is seen, the entire ureter should be removed along with
      the kidney.

PMID- 694446
TI  - [The psychiatrist and the patient's social milieu. Introduction].

PMID- 694445
TI  - Secondary hyperparathyroidism combined with uremia and giant cell containing
      tumor of the cervical spine. A case report.
AB  - A 47-year-old woman with chronic pyelonephritis since 1950 was prepared for
      hemodialysis or kidney transplantation. Investigation disclosed secondary
      hyperparathyroidism and an osteolytic lesion in C VII and Th I causing a
      subluxation. There were minor neurological symptoms and apparent risk of luxation
      of the cervical spine with resulting injury to the spinal cord. Operation was
      performed with total parathyroidectomy and excision of the bone tumor, followed
      by fixation of the cervical spine with bone graft. There were no major
      complications during the postoperative period and the patient was mobilized four
      months after the operation.

PMID- 694447
TI  - [Dimensions of psyche's infinity and a Christ-centered principle of
      psychotherapy. Introduction].

PMID- 694448
TI  - [Psychiatry and patient's social environment].

PMID- 694449
TI  - [The psychiatrist and alcoholism].

PMID- 694450
TI  - [The psychiatrist and alcoholism].

PMID- 694451
TI  - [The psychiatrist and drug addicts. Is drug addiction of any interest to the
      psychiatrist?].

PMID- 694452
TI  - [Psychosocial implications in the development of the child and adolescent].

PMID- 694453
TI  - [Psychiatric commitment, confinement to an asylum and human rights].

PMID- 694454
TI  - [Spinal surgery in peridural analgesia].
AB  - Epidural analgesia has an ideal application in laminectomies and explorations of
      the spinal column. It has a great number of advantages for the patient and the
      surgeon and a small amount of disadvantages, if the method of epidural analgesia
      is applied by a skilled hand, serious dangers of complications occur very seldom.

PMID- 694455
TI  - [Case of compulsive-obsessive neurosis. Clinical observations].
AB  - The authors describe a clinical case of obsessive-compulsive neurosis, from eight
      years of evolution. The out-lined therapy was in agreement with the principles of
      "behaviour therapy" and had two main goals. The first one, was obtaining the
      emotional desinhibition of the patient and, the second one, preventing him from
      doing any ritual, 24 hours per day, using the method of "response prevention". By
      now he has more than a year after treatment and is maintaining without medicines
      and leading a professional, active life.

PMID- 694456
TI  - [Social psychiatry].
AB  - The author attempts an analysis of some of the socio-cultural elements which have
      marked the birth of (modern?) psychiatry and which have consequently influenced
      the education, identity and ethical values of the practitioner who choses to
      become a psychiatrist. The author draws attention to the problem of the
      psychiatrist's autonomy by stressing the important relationship between autonomy
      (or lack of autonomy) and the dominant political ideologies. Such relationship
      appears more clearly when the psychiatrist uncritically accepts to become "the
      psychiatric expert" in criminal and civil law, suicide, sex, death, etc., in
      other words, whenever accepting the role of "managerial technician". It is
      evident that the psychiatrist cannot renounce the social responsibilities which
      fall upon him because of his understanding and analysis of human behaviour, but
      it is also evident that a redefinition of the psychiatrist's role in society is
      called for. Such a re-definition will be possible only by the permanent exercise
      of self-criticism, honesty towards oneself, moral integrity and the capacity to
      differentiate between true autonomy and the illusion of autonomy when operating
      in the name of an official psychiatry which is often also a vehicle for the
      enforcement of a political ideology.

PMID- 694457
TI  - [Social targets of psychiatry].
AB  - The challenge and political implications of public health problems invite
      psychiatrists to a better self declaration and explanation of what they do and
      what they want. The author discusses questions concerning the mandate,
      therapeutic goals, patients' selection and utilisation of therapeutic potentials
      in psychiatry.

PMID- 694458
TI  - [Psychiatry and mental disorders].
AB  - The analysis of the relations between social order and mental disorder is first
      based on the social system considered as the order of the differences and of the
      significant disparities in a stratified and hierarchial society. As psychiatry
      belongs to the system, it received the monopoly of access to the symbolic and
      mental dimension which is included in the disorders. We intend to show by some
      examples how psychiatry applies in this way a specific social order. Then we
      analyse the results of the setting of this order, results which are different
      according to the social position of the patients and their status in the
      psychiatric system. The efficiency of symbolic domination is not only for
      patients with disorders but also and more basically for the whole social system
      and the maintaining of its order.

PMID- 694459
TI  - [Identity and identification].

PMID- 694460
TI  - [The unwisdom of reason and social injustice].
AB  - This paper attempts to show that in cases of conflict between a patient and any
      given agency (e.g. insurance company), the conclusions to which the expert will
      arrive at are often biassed by the spirit of the law. So when dealing with
      "responsibility" the law is often stressing a concept which is closer to that of
      "guilt" (the patient is guilty or the insurance company, or society are guilty).
      This then brings about an endless conflict where neither party is ready to accept
      fault. Thus, all measures which could lead to an adequate solution seem to be
      automatically excluded. Therefore, both parties find themselves in an inevitable
      deadlock due to the "causal" appreciation of the problem to be solved. The above
      situation could be avoided if the focus were shifted on results and the means to
      attain them, instead of trying to establish the origin of a given behaviour. In
      other words, a "system theory" approach appears to be the best frame of reference
      for the expert. Such an approach would not only have an impact on the spirit of
      the law, but also throw a new light on the role of the expert, who would no
      longer have to seek for more or less fair solutions, but would be able to propose
      constructive measures liable to solve the conflict.

PMID- 694462
TI  - [Psychiatry and ethics].
AB  - A certain contemporary anti-psychiatric movement denounces the violence of any
      form of psychiatry that could only repress, in what would be a sociopolitical
      gesture, the alleged mentally-ill's deviation. If such a risk cannot be excluded,
      it is nevertheless necessary to reveal the fallacious antinomy that underlies
      this controversy and consists in opposing an organic disorder, used as an alibi,
      to the claim of an utter liberty. The judiciary, on its part, can but escape with
      difficulty this dichotomy--that a certain psychiatric practice occasionally
      reinforces--of a mental "disease" and of a self-reliant responsibility. The only
      difference then is that what appeared to be an alibi on the one hand, is an
      excuse on the other. The question, in fact, is not so simple. One cannot
      associate, without further ado, a psycho-pathological disorder to one of organic
      origin. It is the essential being of man as a whole that is here implicated, a
      being of language, desire and meaning who must be heard and understood as such.
      But one cannot claim further that this meaning is in full and immediate
      possession of itself and expresses without restriction i.e. a political choice
      opposed to malicious and repressive machinations. The acknowledgement of this
      meaning certainly does not make the psychiatrist's job easier, especially when he
      must intervene on social grounds, there where the risk of suicide and aggression
      are prevalent. An irresponsible non-interference, far from being a liberator,
      could only lead to a much more unrelenting tightening of the circle of violence.

PMID- 694461
TI  - [Penal responsibility and the unconscious conflict].
AB  - Although the same model of the delinquent's penal responsibility still exists in
      law as well as in psychiatry, it is rapidly giving way to the concept of
      personality. Moreover, the psychoanalytical model is currently being used. The
      sole point of reference used by the psychiatrist is his relationship with the
      delinquent. He thus constructs a "new history" for the delinquent. This psycho
      dynamic approach to the delinquent makes us formulate two fundamental objections:
      1) It often is forgotten that the Freudian topical approach and its instances of
      personality are metaphorical. Out of context, that is of a relationship in time
      and space, it becomes void of meaning. Thus, the use of psychoanalytical concepts
      is epistemologically inacceptable. 2) Psychoanalytical theory, on a par with all
      systems of thought, has constituted its own system of values. Thus, neurotic
      structures, being nearer to that of the expert himself, take a privileged
      position. To summarize, it is the author's purpose to show that intra-psychic
      conflicts cannot be reduced to inter-personnel conflicts, most of all not in the
      field of crime.

PMID- 694463
TI  - [Psychiatry and sexuality (preliminary reports)].

PMID- 694464
TI  - [Use and misuse of psychiatry].

PMID- 694465
TI  - [The psychiatrist and justice].

PMID- 694466
TI  - [Spontaneous intraorbital hematoma].
AB  - A case of spontaneous intraorbital Haematoma is reported.  A girl aged 13 years
      developed an acute unilateral Exophthalmos on the right side with disturbances of
      eye-motion, choked disc and nearly complete amaurosis within 3 days after onset. 
      The etiology of the bleeding remains unknown.  The diagnosis of orbital haematoma
      was made by the clinical picture and the computerized axial tomography (CAT)
      findings.  Through a lateral orbitotomy was the extraperiorbital haematoma
      evacuated, with a complete recovery within two weeks.  Twenty-two cases of the
      literature are reviewed.  The possible aetiologic causes are discussed:
      haemorrhagic diatheses, arterial, vasomotoric and toxic diseases, the congestive
      and traumatic causes mentioned.  The clinical picture and diagnositc procedures,
      especially the CAT, are reviewed.  The surgical treatment with stress on the
      lateral orbitotomy is discussed.

PMID- 694467
TI  - [The 3 phases of schizophrenic psychosis and their phase-specific psychotherapy].
AB  - It is not the diagnostic evaluation but merely the phase in which we find our
      patient, that determines about the process of psychotherapy with schizophrenic
      patients.  There are three phases--or, more approximately, four phases (phase one
      to three plus "phase zero")--to be differentiated: Phase Zero: This phase
      precedes an obvious clinical appearance of psychosis.  Patients feel ridiculous
      in their anxiety and are not yet capable to create the symptomatology of
      psychosis.--Intensive participation in those strange perceptions and the attempt
      to witness the same experiences as the patient does, often help to prevent the
      formation of a severe psychosis. Phase One: Deep psychosis with common
      symptomatology. Verbal communication in the usual form is no more possible. Only
      answering the patient in his own language--speaking as he speaks and behaving as
      he does--helps to overcome his permanent isolation. Phase Two: Stage where the
      patient leaves his psychotic world and does not yet live in the world of his
      "healthy" surroundings.--In this phase psychotherapy intends to lead towards a
      confrontation with the previous psychotic experiences in order to integrate them
      into his personality. Phase Three: Phase of return towards a more adequate
      behaviour.--In this phase the therapist helps his patient to build up his
      "narcissistic coat" in order to create a shelter, where he can retreat; out of
      this "cocoon" he is able to observe what happens around him, without being thrown
      back into a severe psychotic crisis. On the other hand there may arise situations
      of "relapses" (so-called intermediary stages). These phases, which resemble
      common depression, can be understood as substitutes of the former psychotic
      situation. It is insight in its uttermost distinction that leads to secondary
      stages. Therefore psychotherapy will be most helpful, when the understanding of
      the circumstances that lead to such situations, is not evaded but promoted; the
      more intensely these promotions, the better the prognosis.

PMID- 694468
TI  - [Pallido-dentate calcifications (apropos of 7 anatomo-clinical case reports)].
AB  - "Fahr's Disease" is characterized by bilateral and symmetrical calcifications of
      the Globus Pallidus (systematically extending to the Commisura Anterior and the
      Capsula Interna, and less commonly to the Putamen, the Centrum Semi-Ovale and the
      Cerebral Cortex), and of the Cerebellar Nucleus Dentalus (with spreading to the
      White Matter and the Cortical Lamellae). Lesions or absence of Parathyroids are
      frequently related, with subsequent metabolic disorders of Phosphorus and
      Calcium, but idiopathic cases without hypoparathyroid disturbances are also
      found. A Morgagni-Morel Hyperostosis Frontalis Interna is often associated with
      "Fahr's Disease", and there could be a relationship between these two affections.
      We found in three cases the association between "Fahr's Disease" and Morel's
      Nodular Dysgenesis of the Frontal Cortex. Most of the cases are sporadic, but
      observations with a clear familial incidence are also found. Clinically, various
      Neurological Disorders (cerebellar, extrapyramidal, pyramidal, dysarthria,
      epileptic seizures) are often but not always observed; the Psychiatric Disorders
      found in some cases could be fortuitious associations (psychoses), connected to
      hypothyroidism (oligophrenia), and in aged patients, to unrelated cerebral
      vascular or degenerative lesions; very seldom, a dementing state could be
      connected to the spreading of calcifications to the Cerebral Cortex.

PMID- 694469
TI  - [Social class and mental disorders (an empirical study in Zurich canton)].
AB  - The correlation of social class and diagnosis, therapy, mode of admission,
      frequency of hospitalization was tested in a population of 2103 inpatients of the
      two governmental and of two private mental hospitals of the Canton Zurich. The
      results fit to the correlations expected from the literature. The therapeutic
      procedures as far as reported in the case histories are mainly determined by the
      hospital type, not so clearly by the subject's social class. High educational
      status and psychotherapy are correlated. The correlation between social class and
      therapy is resulting of the class specific admission to one of the two hospital
      types. There was no sign that within one hospital patients of lower social class
      were placed at a disadvantage in regard to therapeutic procedures.

PMID- 694470
TI  - [Acute mental disturbances following gynaecological operations (author's
      transl)].
AB  - In the first part acute mental disturbances of more or less psychotic character
      following upon major gynaecological operations are described. In general there
      were only minor somatic findings to be made. The mental disturbances were
      predominantly psychoreactive. They usually disappear under psychopharmacological
      therapy supporting psychotherapy quickly and do not recur. In the second part the
      literature relevant to this theme is compared and discussed. The attempt is made
      to interpret such disturbances as model cases for psychic disorders arising from
      an interaction between physical and mental components.

PMID- 694471
TI  - [Activity and rehabilitation of senile dementia. Methodological suggestions for
      an ergotherapy in psychogeriatrics].
AB  - The aim of this study is to make clear the conditions of an ergotherapy
      particularly fit for the aged suffering from senile dementia. It should keep the
      intellectual instruments in working condition and, eventually, postpone their
      impairment. The general frame in which theory and experiment are inscribed is the
      Piaget's theory. Especially the part that concerns the different stages of
      childhood development of which, one thinks, can be observed the deterioration "in
      reverse" during the senile dementia impairment processes. Some special hypothesis
      concern:--the different parts of reality in which relations between patient and
      society are disturbed --the activities that are connected in a network of
      relations between the conceptual instruments required to realize these activities
      --the fact that the steadiness of a particular activity should help to recover
      another one, thought to be close in the way by which its realization puts into
      action the same cognitive processes. Thus, we have been able to fix the way of
      directing a first examination for the taking in charge in ergotherapy;
      examination that should point out the fields in which the patient can be
      mobilized (as well from the level where he is as from the investment one can
      expect in regard to the pleasure or the interest that he shows for a work rather
      than another). Besides, we tried to represent the channels of activities and
      their relations, starting from the most elementary one to reach the most
      complicated one, that is to say the ones that allow us to work on reality. It is
      in the network of these channels that the proposed activities should find their
      place in the ergotherapy workshop and their application should permit the
      readaptation to everyday actions in a progressive way.

PMID- 694472
TI  - Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection.

PMID- 694473
TI  - Radiographic appearance of mycoplasmal pneumonai.
AB  - As there are contradictory opinions on the radiographic appearance of mycoplasma
      pneumonai, the chest examination of 59 patients with at least a fourfold increase
      of the complement fixation titer were studied retrospectively. The investigation
      shows that there is a great variety of radiologic patterns from interstitial,
      disseminated infiltrates to total lobar consolidation. The alveolar pattern seems
      to be more common in women, but there is no relation to age, duration, season or
      bacterial superinfection. A development from interstitial infiltrates to alveolar
      changes or vice versa during the course of the illness was not confirmed in this
      study. The radiographic variability may be explained by the alveolar infiltrates
      being an inflammatory reaction to Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and the interstitial
      densities being an immunologic response. No definite difference between bacterial
      and mycoplasmal pneumonias was observed, but a multitude of alveolar infiltrates
      speaks for a mycoplasmal origin.

PMID- 694474
TI  - Radiographic patterns of pulmonary involvement in acute mycoplasmal infections.
AB  - The radiological appearances and the progress of the pulmonary manifestations of
      serologically-proven acute Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection were studied in 29
      patients. The radiological changes seen at and after admission were not helpful
      in establishing an aetiological diagnosis except in three patients, in whom a
      "classical" pattern of mycoplasma pneumonia, based on the radiological
      appearnaces at different histopathological stages of the disease, could be
      recognised retrospectively. The patterns seen were varied and generally non
      specific, and were not related to the age of the patient or to the duration of
      disease prior to admission. Specific anti-mycoplasma therapy may have prevented
      the progress of the disease after admission, although five of six patients in
      whom radiological deterioration occurred after admission were receiving such
      treatment.

PMID- 694475
TI  - Acute phase of sarcoidosis with splenomegaly and hypercalcemia. Description of a
      case, including a report about splenectomy and the preparation and testing of a
      Kveim antigen from the spleen.
AB  - A young man had a mild, slightly progressive pulmonary sarcoidosis. After 4 years
      he developed an acute disease with splenomegaly, anemia, marked elevation of ESR,
      hypercalcemia and mild renal insufficiency. The anemia and ESR elevation
      disappeared after splenectomy, whereas the hypercalcemia still needs
      corticosteroid treatment. Attempts to withdraw this treatment resulted in
      recurrence of the hypercalcemia, but no other abnormalities. In contrast to other
      organs examined, the sarcoid tissue in the spleen revealed necrosis formation,
      consistent with a recent process. A Kveim antigen preparation from the spleen was
      less potent than antigen from mediastinal lymph nodes. It is suggested that the
      acute phase of the disease involved mainly the spleen. Speculations about the
      possible role of infectious agent(s) are put forward.

PMID- 694476
TI  - Fibrinogen, fibrin(ogen) degradation products and fibrinopeptide A in pleural
      effusions. High turnover of fibrinogen in pleurisy.
AB  - Fibrinogen, fibrin(ogen) degradation products (FDP) and fibrinopeptide A (FPA)
      were analysed in pleural fluids from 20 consecutive patients with major effusions
      of various aetiology. FPA is a short-lived polypeptide which is split off from
      fibrinogen, whereafter fibrin is formed. FDP are formed through lysis of fibrin
      or fibrinogen. In 18 patients no fibrinogen could be detected in pleural fluid,
      whereas two (both having malignant tumours) had detectable but low
      concentrations. High FPA concentrations, interpreted as reflecting very recent
      fibrin formation, were found in all pleural fluids except for one case of empyema
      and one transudate. Plasma concentrations were low in most cases. The same
      pattern was found with regard to FDP, i.e. exudates showed high concentrations,
      whereas plasma concentrations were low. The only patient with a transudate showed
      absence of fibrinogen and low concentrations of FDP and FPA. We interpret our
      findings as indicative of a high rate of fibrin formation and degradation in
      pleural exudates and have not found any differences between various types of
      pleural exudates. Consequently, the findings may illustrate the close association
      between the coagulation system and inflammatory reactions which may be common to
      most pleural diseases.

PMID- 694477
TI  - Rape pollen allergy.
AB  - Rape plants are cultivated in southern and central Sweden. These partly wind
      pollinated plants have an exceedingly rich blooming period with pollinating times
      (for rape and turnip rape) from 10 May to 24 June (+/- 1--2 weeks). In a patient
      material from southern Sweden with bronchial asthma and other allergic
      manifestations, rape pollen allergy was found to occur quite frequently. In 366
      consecutive patients positive intracutaneous skin tests to rape pollen extracts
      were found in 85 patients (23%). 54 patients with positive i.c. skin tests for
      rape pollen were provocated: 81% of them had positive provocation tests. Patients
      with symptoms of hay fever and/or bronchial asthma during the pollinating season
      in regions where rape and related species are cultivated should be examined for
      rape pollen allergy with i.c. skin tests or RAST.

PMID- 694478
TI  - [Cimetidine--a revolution in ulcer therapy?].

PMID- 694479
TI  - [Antibodies against nicotine-like acetylcholine receptors of central nervous
      system and muscles in epileptics with IgA deficiency].
AB  - Anti-muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAR) antibodies were sought in
      epileptic patients without clinical signs of myasthenia gravis. Low titers of
      such antibodies were found in 3 cases characterized by primary generalized
      seizures, IgA deficiency and HLA A1 and B8 antigens. These three patients also
      had anti-brain nAR antibodies. In the serum of one patient with myasthenia
      gravis, anti-brain nAR antibodies were also detected. The titer was low despite a
      high titer of anti-muscle nAR antibodies. This may reflect the fact that the
      immune reaction in the three epileptic patients is primarily directed against the
      brain nAR.

PMID- 694480
TI  - [Amebiasis--retrospective analysis of 453 cases in the Zurich region].
AB  - In a retrospective study 453 cases of amebiasis were analyzed with regard to
      duration, purpose, and location of the patients' stay abroad. Diarrhea and
      abdominal complaints were the predominating features of the history, but
      occasionally constipation was the only symptom. The patients usually had chronic
      intestinal amebiasis which was intermittently slightly dysenteric, rather than
      non-dysenteric as defined by the WHO. There were two cases each of ameboma and
      colonic stricture and three liver abscesses, one of which proved fatal after
      complicating peritonitis. Therapy with a tissue and a lumenal amebicide proved to
      be the most efficient combination, with a success rate exceeding 94% in the
      controlled cases.

PMID- 694481
TI  - [Antiestrogens: a new endocrine treatment possibility in metastasizing breast
      neoplasms. Experiences of the Swiss Cooperative Cancer Study Group with
      tamoxifen].
AB  - The detection of specific hormone receptors in normal and tumor tissue has
      brought new insight into the mechanisms of action of hormones and anti-hormones.
      The Swiss Cooperative Cancer Study Group (SAKK) has evaluated the antitumor
      effect of the new antiestrogenic substance tamoxifen in metastatic breast cancer.
      158 postmenopausal patients treated with 20 mg/d tamoxifen by mouth are evaluable
      at present time. Complete and good partial remissions were achieved in 39
      patients (25%) largely with soft tissue but also lung and bone metastases.
      Tamoxifen was well tolerated and caused few serious complications such as
      thrombosis/pulmonary embolism and hypercalcemia. These results confirm already
      published experience with tamoxifen, which may replace the estrogens as the
      primary endocrine treatment in postmenopausal mammary carcinoma metastasizing to
      soft tissues, lung and bone.

PMID- 694482
TI  - [Human radiation leukemogenesis].
AB  - Quantitative data obtained from different groups of subjects are in agreement and
      make it possible to evaluate the risk of leukemia following total body
      irradiation with doses exceeding 100 rads of X-rays or lower doses of neutrons.
      Irradiations which are more localized or administered over a longer period of
      time retain their leukemogenic effect when the total dose exceeds a few hundred
      rads. The dose-effect relationship appears to be curvilinear and, from the
      scientific standpoint, linear extrapolation to predict a low dose effect is not
      justified. Such linear extrapolation is nevertheless legitimate on grounds of
      radioprotection but should not be used to evaluate the risk of small doses such
      as those given for radiodiagnostic purposes (doses in the range of one rad), or
      those received by a population in the vicinity of a nuclear power station (doses
      in the range of one rad), or those received by a population in the vicinity of a
      nuclear power station (doses in the range of a millirad). Combined radio
      chemotherapy modalities, as used in cancer treatment and particularly for
      malignant lymphoma, carry a high risk of inducing secondary leukemias. These
      combined treatment regimens should be limited to cases for which radiotherapy
      alone would be insufficient.

PMID- 694483
TI  - A new basis for treatment of multiple myeloma.
AB  - In order to get a better understanding of tumor biology, prognostic factors and
      approaches to treatment, total body tumor cell number, cell kinetics and drug
      sensitivity have been studied in a series of patients with multiple myeloma. We
      found that the presenting tumor mass stage was inversely proportional to
      survival, but did not predict drug sensitivity. Patients with both a high tumor
      cell mass and a large proliferative compartment of tumor cells had a particularly
      poor prognosis. Studies of myeloma stem cells in agar culture showed individual
      patterns of drug sensitivity with a correlation between in vitro sensitivity to
      melphalan, adriamycin, and BCNU, with in vivo sensitivity to these same classes
      of agents. Use of such measurements may permit selection of useful new drugs as
      well as an individualized basis for treatment of multiple myeloma.

PMID- 694484
TI  - Congenital and acquired defects of neutrophil granulocytes.
AB  - It is now clear that deficiences of the production rate or function of
      neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes can predispose to recurrent pyogenic
      infections. Well defined examples of such deficiences include congenital and
      acquired neutropenias, a dysfunction of neutrophil locomotion and a disorder of
      neutrophil oxygen metabolism, chronic granulomatous disease, in which affected
      neutrophils fail to kill catalase-positive microorganisms. The study of
      congenital and acquired defects of neutrophils has contributed greatly to
      understanding of normal neutrophil function. This understanding is beginning to
      permit investigators to exert a "molecular attack" on the difficult problems of
      neutrophil transfusion and preservation.

PMID- 694485
TI  - [Platelet aggregation during various phases of the menstrual cycle and after
      therapy with ovulation inhibitors].
AB  - Collagen-induced platelet aggregation was studied under well defined experimental
      conditions in female volunteers on the 6th and 20th days of the menstrual cycle.
      In addition, another group on long-term contraceptives was investigated. The two
      parameters studied were the maximum amount and velocity of aggregation. In these
      three groups no significant changes were found in the parameters studied, and
      influences of the menstrual cycle and contraceptives on platelet aggregation are
      therefore unlikely.

PMID- 694486
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of primary and secondary erythrocytosis by means of in
      vitro culture of hematopoietic stem cells].
AB  - Peripheral blood precursor cells from all of 12 patients with polycythaemia vera
      (PV) formed hemoglobinized colonies in vitro without addition os was strictly epo
      dependent in 30 normals and 8 patients with erythrocytosis of other origin. By
      addition of 1 U epo/ml to the cultures, colony formation was increased up to 5
      fold in PV. Untreated patients with a short history had the highest numbers of
      such epo-responsive precursor cells. In 3 patients with concomitant
      myelofibrosis, erythroid in vitro growth was abundant, but scattered, single
      colonies could hardly be identified and their hemoglobinization was poor. This
      picture did not change with addition of epo, and hemoglobinization did not
      improve. In vitro grown colonies in PV had morphological abnormalities as
      compared to colonies grown from normal precursor cells: all stages of erythroid
      differentiation and up to 50% necrotic cells were found within single colonies.
      Scattered colonies contained an excess of large, immature, vacuolated
      erythroblasts. It is concluded that these functionaland morphological
      abnormalities of in-vitro erythropoiesis are a reliable indicator of PV. Further,
      transition to myelofibrosis is recognized by a characteristic growth pattern with
      decreased epo-responsiveness.

PMID- 694487
TI  - [Granulocyte substitution in febrile leukemia patients with bone marrow aplasia.
      1. Results of a prospective study].
AB  - A prospective, randomized study was performed in aplastic, granulocytopenic,
      infected patients with acute leukemia during induction therapy. 12 patients
      received antibiotics alone, and 13 received antibiotics plus 1.7-14.7 X 10(10)
      (MEAN 6.6 X 10(10) granulocytes by 1-5 (mean 2.7) daily transfusions. In 10 of 12
      controls the infection resolved and remission was achieved with granulocyte
      counts greater than 500/mm3 15 +/- 9 days after randomization. In the transfused
      patients, infection was brought under control in 10 out of 13 and remission was
      achieved with granulocyte counts greater than 500/mm3 25+/- 11 days after
      randomization. Only one death due to infection was observed (6 days after
      randomization, control).

PMID- 694488
TI  - [Disorders in leukocyte function in diabetes mellitus].
AB  - A group of diabetic patients have been analyzed with regard to their defense
      against infection, i.e. chemotaxis, phagocytosis and bacterial killing. All three
      steps of leukocyte function are deteriorated in diabetes mellitus. However, no
      definitive statement on defense against infection can at present be made.

PMID- 694489
TI  - [Decreased motility of bone marrow neutrophils, a further disorder in pernicious
      anemia].

PMID- 694490
TI  - [Disparity in the circulating and marginal granulocyte pool: evidence from
      studies on the alkaline granulocyte phosphatase].

PMID- 694491
TI  - [Relationship between chemotaxis, adhesiveness and margination in neutrophil
      granulocytes].

PMID- 694492
TI  - [A safe alternative for the diagnosis of pernicious anemia--a contribution to
      medical economics (proceedings)].
AB  - Mucosal biopsies of corpus and antrum were performed in 17 patients with
      pernicious anemia. In all patients the corpus mucosa showed atrophic gastritis,
      while in 16 the antrum was normal or showed only superficial gastritis. This
      combination is conclusive for pernicious anemia. Over 80% of megaloblastic
      anemias are caused by pernicious anemia. It is therefore proposed that endoscopy
      and biopsy be performed as the first examination in these patients. In this way
      the diagnosis is simple, rapid and economical.

PMID- 694493
TI  - [Erythrocyte migration on filterpaper--a simple micromethod for the measurement
      of erythrocyte filtrability (proceedings)].
AB  - A micromethod for measurement of erythrocyte filtrability is described. The time
      is recorded for the spreading of drops (25 microliter) of an erythrocyte
      suspension in filter papers which are calibrated with the suspension solution.
      The spreading time for the erythrocytes in relation to a reference calibration
      time correlates well with the filtration time of a modified filtration technique
      according to TEITEL.

PMID- 694494
TI  - [Human erythrocyte galactosyl transferase: importance in blood group biosynthesis
      and its absence in permanent mixed-field polyagglutinability (proceedings)].
AB  - Human erythrocyte membranes contain two different triton-activated
      galactosyltransferase activities, one of which is specific for ovalbumin and the
      other for sialic acid free ovine submaxillary mucin. This latter enzyme was
      absent in membranes obtained from a patient with permanent mixed-field
      polyagglutinability.

PMID- 694495
TI  - [Thrombocyte migration test as a sensitive tolerance test before platelet
      substitution (proceedings)].
AB  - Thrombocytopenic patients refractory to random-donor platelet support can usually
      be substituted by platelets obtained from donors identical with respect to HLA-A
      and -B antigens [1]. Since such "full-house" identity is rarely available,
      reliable cross-match tests (CM) are needed in order to pick out donors compatible
      in spite of HLA non-identity. By use of the thrombocyte migration test (TMT),
      DUQUESNOY et al. have shown that antiplatelet antibodies may exert an inhibitory
      effect on platelet migration. Therefore, we have explored this test system for
      its efficiency as CM compared with the "long-time" lymphocyte cytotoxicity test
      (LLT). Of 8 sera from polysensitized patients, serial dilutions were performed
      and simultaneously tested by TMT and LLT with cells obtained from the same
      control individuals. The sensitivity of TMT exceeded LLT by 2-4 dilution steps in
      all sera tested. Moreover, 9 patients with incompatible transfusion responses to
      single-donor platelets in spite of negative LLT had the following results in TMT
      with pre-transfusion sera: 5 positive (i.e. migration inhibition), 1 negative:
      enhanced migration was observed 3 times. This phenomenon of enhancement remains
      to be clarified, since low titers of anti-HLA-antibodies do not cause enhanced
      platelet migration. Repeated transfusion of platelets obtained from the same
      donor may cause antibody production against leukocytic antigen not shared by
      platelets, leading to "false-positive" LLT. 2 patients were successfully
      substituted with platelets from HLA/MLC-identical siblings in spite of positive
      LLT, but with negative TMT; in 2 cases with unrelated HLA-A and -B identical
      donors, TMT results were inconsistent.

PMID- 694496
TI  - [Missing thrombinemia in the so-called hypercoagulability following physical
      exertion (proceedings)].
AB  - A common topic of discussion for many years has been whether stress induces
      hypercoagulability and/or hyperfibrinolysis. Ten healthy volunteers were
      subjected to strenuous physical effort on a bicycle ergometer. Blood samples were
      collected 10 min before and immediately after exercise. The well-known activation
      of blood coagulation was demonstrated by significant shortening of the activated
      partial thromboplastin time, thrombin and reptilase times. However, no
      fibrinopeptide A (FPA) was generated, nor did the ethanol gelatin test turn
      positive. A significant shortening of the euglobulin lysis time was indicative of
      fibrinolysis but no fibrin(ogen) degradation products (FDP) could be detected.
      These results show that the so-called hypercoagulability is not accompanied by
      thrombin-mediated release of fibrinopeptide A, and suggest that the activation of
      coagulation does not involve fibrinogen to fibrin conversion.

PMID- 694497
TI  - [Thrombin formation in factor IX concentrates and FEIBA (factor eight inhibitor
      bypassing activity) (proceedings)].
AB  - Having observed a marked increase of the fibrinopeptide A (FPA) level in vivo in
      5 patients after the administration of factor IX concentrates, 8 factor IX
      concentrates (IX-K) and one FEIBA (factor eight inhibitor bypassing activity)
      fraction have been studied in vitro to ascertain whether thrombin was present or
      could be generated. Using fibrinogen as a substrate, the release of FPA under
      various conditions was measured by radioimmunoassay and it was found that (1) the
      addition of CaCl2 to the IX-K was necessary to produce FPA release; (2) the
      reaction was mainly dependent on the incubation time of the concentrate and the
      CaCl2 and (3) the release of FPA could be inhibited by heparin. The FEIBA
      fraction instantly produced FPA with or without the presence of CaCl2. It is
      therefore questioned whether the main effect of such products is due to a "factor
      II bypassing activity", i.e. thrombin.

PMID- 694498
TI  - [Immunopathology in a case of kala-azar (proceedings)].
AB  - A 33 year old woman was admitted to hospital for fever of unknown origin.
      Leishmania donovani was found in histological preparations from lymphnodes and by
      sternal puncture. Circulating immune complexes present in high concentration were
      isolated and characterized. The circulating immune complexes remained elevated
      two months after the disappearance of Leishmania from the bone marrow.

PMID- 694499
TI  - [Increase of unsaturated transcobalamine II in autoimmune diseases; effect of
      immunosuppressive therapy (proceedings)].
AB  - Transcobalamin II (TC II) is a serum protein responsible for transporting vitamin
      B12 to the cells. A previous observation of a child with congenital TC II
      deficiency and agammaglobulinemia suggested that this protein plays an important
      role in the immune response. Accordingly, TC II levels ere determined in 32
      patients with autoimmune disease (AID) (i.e. 26 with lupus erythematosus, 4 with
      dermatomyositis, and 2 with autoimmune hemolytic anemia) and in 40 patients with
      acquired immunodeficiency due to chemotherapy. It was found that elevated TC II
      levels corresponded to active phases of AID. Changes in TC II levels correlated
      better with the clinical course of AID than complement, antinuclear antibody or
      native DNA binding capacity. This suggests that TC II could be a valuable
      parameter in following up activity of AID.

PMID- 694500
TI  - [Lymphoproliferative diseases with small molecular (monomere) IgM paraproteinemia
      (proceedings)].
AB  - Phytohemagglutinin P, when used like an antiserum in immunoelectrophoresis,
      precipitates with pentameric IgM but not with monomeric IgM subunits. In a
      retrospective study this simple screening method was applied to 180 sera
      containing monoclonal IgM. Five cases were found to be of the monomeric type of
      IgM paraproteinemia. Four of these patients had lymphoproliferative diseases with
      lymphocytic infiltration of the bone marrow. The last case was complicated by
      acute myelomonocytic leukemia.

PMID- 694501
TI  - [Isolation of human tumor cells: conditions for in vitro diagnostic and
      therapeutic studies (proceedings)].
AB  - With a view to the possible use of human tumor cells for diagnostic and
      therapeutic tests (e.g. determination of hormone receptors, sensitivity to
      cytotoxic drugs, cytotoxicity tests), an attempt has been made to isolate and
      cultivate pure human tumor cell populations. 49 malignant effusions from 42
      patients formed the starting material. The tumor cell isolation was carried out
      in three steps: 1. elimination of erythrocytes by density-gradient centrifugation
      or osmotic lysis with triple distilled water; 2. concentration of tumor cells by
      lg-sedimentation; 3. elimination of adherent cells by short term cultivation in
      plastic tissue culture flasks. This procedure yielded 95-98% tumor cells. From
      these suspensions of purified tumor cells, primary cultures were successfully
      established by supplementing the tissue culture media with autologous effusion
      fluid.

PMID- 694502
TI  - [A new form of stomatitis in young cattle].

PMID- 694503
TI  - [Atrial fibrillation in dogs: occurrence and clinical observations].

PMID- 694504
TI  - [Myopathy and nephrocalcinosis in aquarium fishes].

PMID- 694505
TI  - [Treatment of humeral fractures of the distal shaft in cats].

PMID- 694506
TI  - [Cerebral edema and cerebral cortex necrosis in cattle. Light and electron
      microscopy studies].

PMID- 694507
TI  - [Megacolon in fattening pigs].

PMID- 694508
TI  - Electrostatic effects in proteins.
AB  - Electrostatic effects dominate many aspects of protein behavior. When polypeptide
      chains fold up, most polar side chains seek the exterior, where they can be
      solvated. Water bound in the interior has been found between the domains of
      enzymes of the chymotrypsin family, and between the subunits of hemoglobin and
      tobacco mosaic virus protein. Assembly of this protein from disk to virus is
      triggered by electrostatic interactions between neighboring subunits. Lysozyme
      stabilizes the constellation of charges involved in the transition state of its
      substrate by both permanent and induced dipoles. All factors that lower the
      oxygen affinity of hemoglobin act by strengthening the salt bridges that
      constrain its quaternary deoxy (T) structure. Enzymes of thermophile bacteria owe
      their extra stability mostly to additional salt bridges. The rate of denaturation
      of hemoglobins by alkali is determined by the ionization of internal side chains
      with pK's of about 12.

PMID- 694509
TI  - Toxic substances legislation: how well are laws being implemented?

PMID- 694510
TI  - Chemical carcinogens: the scientific basis for regulation.

PMID- 694511
TI  - Decrease of human serum fucosyltransferase as an indicator of successful tumor
      therapy.
AB  - Surgical removal of colon carcinomas leads to a decrease in the rate of
      incorporation of [14C]fucose into its endogenous acceptor in human serum; normal
      incorporation rates are attained within 14 days. A similar time course has been
      determined for alpha2- and alpha3-fucosyltransferase when either desialo- or
      desialodegalactofetuin are employed as exogenous acceptors. A correlation has
      also been seen between transferase activity and the therapeutic response of
      patients with breast cancer. These results indicate that the determination of
      fucosyltransferase activity can facilitate the diagnosis of neoplasia, and the
      success of surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation.

PMID- 694512
TI  - Retention of an associative behavioral change in Hermissenda.
AB  - The nudibranch mollusk Hermissenda crassicornis is normally attracted to a test
      light. Three days of training consisting of 50 trials per day of light paired
      with a rotational stimulus led to a significant increase, lasting for days, in
      the animal's response latency to enter a test light. The group that received
      light associated with rotation was significantly different from groups subjected
      to nonassociative control procedures. Modifications of well-known sensory
      networks may be related to a behavioral change that shares several operational
      features with associative learning.

PMID- 694513
TI  - Modification of attention in honey bees.
AB  - Honey bees were trained in two consecutive two-dimensional (color-position)
      problems with one dimension (color or position) relevant and the other irrelevant
      in each problem. As in analogous experiments on dimensional transfer in rats and
      monkeys, performance in the second problem was more accurate when the relevant
      and irrelevant dimensions were the same as in the first problem than when they
      were interchanged. The results of further experiments suggest that the transfer
      is mediated by different modes of responding that develop in color and position
      problems rather than by some special process of dimensional selection, such as
      has been assumed to operate in vertebrates.

PMID- 694514
TI  - Extreme myopia produced by modest change in early visual experience.
AB  - Chicks whose vision was restricted to the frontal visual field became extremely
      myopic (mean, -10 diopters; maximum, -24 diopters) and had eyes of increased
      axial length. Animals restricted to lateral field vision did not differ from
      normal animals. Monocular deprivation of form vision also produced myopia and eye
      enlargement and, in addition, produced increased anterior chamber depth.

PMID- 694515
TI  - Ethology of sleep studied with time-lapse photography: postural immobility and
      sleep-cycle phase in humans.
AB  - Human sleep is characterized by episodes of immobility punctuated by major
      postural shifts. The organization of this motor activity was shown with a
      combination of photographic and electroencephalographic recording to be periodic
      and related to the electroencephalographic sleep cycle. The amount of immobility
      as measured photographically was positively related to subjective estimates of
      the goodness of sleep.

PMID- 694516
TI  - New laetrile study leaves Cancer Institute in the pits.

PMID- 694517
TI  - Chemical carcinogens: how dangerous are low doses?

PMID- 694518
TI  - Manufactured hexaparental mice show that adults are derived from three embyronic
      cells.
AB  - Two female chimeric mice have been produced by aggregates of three genetically
      marked eight-cell embryos. All three embryonic genotypes are clearly expressed in
      the pigment pattern of the adults. These hexaparental mice together with their
      littermates demonstrate that, in the 64-celled blastocyst, at least three cells,
      and probably only three, are the source of all adult tissues.

PMID- 694519
TI  - Prevention of death from metastases by immune RNA therapy.
AB  - The effect of immune RNA treatment on the incidence of death from pulmonary
      metastases was studied in C57BL/6J mice after excision of a B16 murine melanoma.
      Immune RNA was extracted from the lymphoid tissues of guinea pigs immunized with
      B16 tumor and then incubated in vitro with normal C57BL/6J mouse splenocytes.
      Mice receiving intraperitoneal injections of these RNA-treated syngeneic
      splenocytes after the primary B16 isograft was resectioned showed significantly
      improved long-term survival (42 to 67 percent in three successive experiments) as
      compared to control mice (0 to 20 percent survival) receiving untreated
      splenocytes. The effect of RNA treatment was tumor-specific and ribonuclease
      sensitive. The results suggest that immunotherapy with immune RNA may be of
      benefit to certain patients after surgery for cancer.

PMID- 694520
TI  - Giemsa-11 staining of chromosome 1: a newly described heteromorphism.
AB  - Sequential Giemsa-11 and C-band staining of the heterochromatic region of
      chromosome 1 from 30 unrelated individuals revealed a high degree of variability
      within this region, more than was identifiable with either stain alone. The
      Giemsa-11 stained material usually appeared as a single band of only slightly
      varying size within the heterochromatic region. The position of this band ranged
      from a location immediately adjacent to the centromere, to one farther along the
      long arm or at the junction of the C-band heterochromatin and euchromatin. Two
      individuals had a chromosome 1 with no detectable Giemsa-11 band but an average
      size C-band. Two others with a large heterochromatic segment by C-banding had two
      Giemsa-11 positive bands. Additional studies of five members of one family were
      consistent with transmission of these hetermorphisms in codominant Mendelian
      fashion.

PMID- 694521
TI  - Induction of ovalbumin synthesis in immature chicks by actinomycin D and
      thioacetamide.
AB  - Actinomycin D and thioacetamide induced ovalbumin synthesis and increased serum
      progesterone concentrations in immature chicks. The increase in progesterone
      induced by the carcinogens actinomycin D and thioacetamide may account for the
      induction of ovalbumin synthesis.

PMID- 694522
TI  - Regulating exposure to carcinogens.

PMID- 694523
TI  - Picosecond chemical and biological events.
AB  - Picosecond spectroscopy is a relatively new field of science that utilizes
      ultrashort laser pulses to monitor events taking place in the 10(-12) second
      regime. The continuing development of picosecond spectroscopy has made possible
      the detection and measurement of the primary events in many physical and
      tiological processes. This article describes a currently used picosecond
      spectroscopy system that is capable of reliably recording picosecond events. Two
      areas of picosecond research are discussed; one concerns the interaction of
      electrons in fluids, and the second the primary events in vision.

PMID- 694524
TI  - Uranium mill tailings: Congress addresses a long-neglected problem.

PMID- 694525
TI  - Upton OK's Laetrile test on humans.

PMID- 694526
TI  - Infertility: promising new treatments.

PMID- 694527
TI  - Apparent saturation of blue-sensitive cones occurs at a color-opponent stage.
AB  - Response saturation of blue-sensitive cone pathways was studied by measuring
      increment thresholds for violet test flashes on flashed violet fields in the
      presence of a steady yellow "auxiliary" field of constant radiance. Adding
      intense yellow field flashes to the violet field flash could eliminate or reduce
      response saturation (greatly reduce threshold), whereas "negative" yellow field
      flashes drove the mechanism to further saturation. The response saturation is
      thus not, in general, controlled exclusively by independent blue-sensitive cones
      but by spectrally opponent mechanisms that receive opposite-signed signals from
      blue-sensitive cones and from green-or red-sensitive cones. These results add to
      a growing number of studies that demonstrate that detection of signals from blue
      sensitive cones is largely through a color-opponent pathway.

PMID- 694528
TI  - Physiologically important stabilization of DNA by a prokaryotic histone-like
      protein.
AB  - The thermophilic mycoplasma Thermoplasma acidophilum has tightly bound to its DNA
      a protein that closely resembles the histones of eukaryotes. DNA associated with
      this protein is more stable than free DNA against thermal denaturation by about
      40 degrees C, as shown in both native nucleoprotein and in hybrid nucleoprotein
      reconstituted in vitro with calf DNA. Since only about 20 percent of the DNA in
      this organism is associated with the histone-like protein, we suggest that its
      physiological function is to prevent complete separation of the DNA strands
      during brief exposures of the organism to denaturing conditions, and thus to
      facilitate rapid renaturation when normal environmental conditions return.

PMID- 694529
TI  - Lecithin consumption increases acetylcholine concentrations in rat brain and
      adrenal gland.
AB  - Consumption of a single meal containing lecithin, the major source of choline
      occurring naturally in the diet, increased the concentrations of choline and
      acetylcholine in rat brain and adrenal gland. Hence, the concentration of
      acetylcholine in the tissues may normally be under direct, short-term nutritional
      control.

PMID- 694530
TI  - Cocaine plasma concentration: relation to physiological and subjective effects in
      humans.
AB  - Volunteer subjects with previous histories of cocaine use were administered
      cocaine hydrochloride intravenously or intranasally. There was a positive
      relationship between peak plasma concentration, physiological and subjective
      responses, and dose administered. The rate of cocaine disappearance after
      intravenous administration paralleled the drop in physiological and subjective
      drug effects. After intranasal administration, blood levels remained elevated for
      a considerably longer period.

PMID- 694531
TI  - Disease prevention: asking the right questions.

PMID- 694532
TI  - Nucleosome arcs and helices.
AB  - Crystals and other regular arrangements of nucleosome cores have been obtained
      and analyzed in the electron microscope. Two types of regular structures have
      been studied in detail, the nucleosome arcs and cylinders. The latter are
      composed of concentric cylindrical layers of intertwined right-handed helices of
      nucleosome cores. These studies lead to the following conclusions and concepts.
      The overall structure of the nucleosome core is a short, wedge-shaped cylinder
      measuring about 110 by 110 by 60 angstroms. Nucleosome cores interact primarily
      between top and bottom planes. Nucleosome cores exhibit large conformational
      variability. A pivot allowing two degrees of rotational freedom is postulated in
      the region of the 70th base pair to account for this property of the nucleosome.

PMID- 694533
TI  - Antibodies (I): new information about gene structure.

PMID- 694534
TI  - Intraspecific evidence for the function of single and double cones in the teleost
      retina.
AB  - Retinal growth in young Sebastes diploproa involves the succession of three
      distinct cone patterns. Development of the final pattern with the loss of single
      cones occurs in close temporal association with a permanent migration from the
      surface to deep water. The results suggest that loss of single cones depends upon
      the change in environment and that the loss occurs through fusion to double
      elements.

PMID- 694535
TI  - Prolactin synthesis by human chorion-decidual tissue: a possible source of
      prolactin in the amniotic fluid.
AB  - Explants of human chorion-decidual tissue obtained at delivery from normal, full
      term pregnancies synthesize and secrete prolactin. This hormone is
      indistinguishable from pituitary prolactin by chromatographic, electrophoretic,
      immunologic, and receptor assay techniques. These results suggest that chorion
      decidua may be the source of the large quantities of prolactin in amniotic fluid.

PMID- 694536
TI  - The attention operating characteristic: examples from visual search.
AB  - Even in the absence of eye movements, we show that subjects are able, upon
      instruction, to selectively attend to certain kinds of targets and parts of
      visual arrays. The major mechanism of altering attention is the switching of
      attention from trial to trial, although intermediate states of shared attention
      do occur. Attention operating characteristics are shown to be a useful way of
      describing such data and of assessing the compatibility of tasks to be performed
      simultaneously.

PMID- 694537
TI  - Regulation of macrophage tumoricidal function: a role for prostaglandins of the E
      series.
AB  - Exogenously added prostaglandins E1 and E2, but not F2alpha, inhibited the
      tumoricidal activity of interferon-activated macrophages of mice. A role for
      adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) in modulating macrophage functional
      activity was suggested because prostaglandins of the E series increase
      intracellular concentrations of cyclic AMP in macrophages and because treatment
      of interferon-activated macrophages with dibutyryl cyclic AMP consistently
      inhibits expression of cytotoxicity. Since the activated macrophage releases high
      concentrations of prostaglandin E2, it is postulated that this prostaglandin
      could act locally in negative feedback inhibition to limit cell activities.

PMID- 694538
TI  - Effects of the home environment on withholding behaviors and conditioning in
      infant and neonatal rats.
AB  - Rats 16 days old received passive-avoidance training in the presence or absence
      of home litter cues. Rats trained in the context of home litter cues learned the
      passive avoidance reliably faster than rats trained in isolation. In the presence
      of home litter cues, 16-day-old rats also exhibited more adultlike spontaneous
      alternation. Pavlovian conditioning of rats trained at 2 days of age was studied
      in the presence and absence of conspecifics. These experiments suggest that
      deficiencies in inhibitory behaviors and conditioning associated with immaturity
      can be alleviated when the testing environment is made more similar to the home
      environment.

PMID- 694539
TI  - Astigmatism in infants.
AB  - Compared with children of school age, infants show ten times the incidence and
      considerably greater amounts of clinically significant astigmatism. The amount
      begins to decrease in the second semester of life, and the incidence declines
      during the third year. The unanticipated results bear on both the etiology and
      the neural sequelae of astigmatism.

PMID- 694540
TI  - Infant astigmatism measured by photorefraction.
AB  - Photorefraction of a sample of 93 infants of ages 1 day to 12 months showed that
      63 percent of the subjects had astigmatism of 0.75 diopter or greater, and 12
      percent greater than 2 diopters. Seventy percent of these astigmatisms were in
      the horizontal-vertical meridians. By comparison, only 8 percent of a sample of
      26 adults tested by the same method showed astigmatism (all 0.75 to 1 diopter).
      The high incidence of infant astigmatism has implications for critical periods in
      human visual development and for infant acuity.

PMID- 694541
TI  - Medical systems as changing social systems.

PMID- 694542
TI  - Priorities for research to advance the comparative study of medical systems:
      summary of the discussion at the final session of the conference.

PMID- 694543
TI  - Theoretical foundations for the comparative study of medical systems.
      Introduction.

PMID- 694544
TI  - [Ways to increase the utilization effectiveness of work resources in public
      health].

PMID- 694545
TI  - [Method for the comprehensive evaluation of the activities of public health
      organs and institutions].

PMID- 694546
TI  - [Experience in improving public health planning for a large city].

PMID- 694547
TI  - [Role of the province consultation polyclinic in improving outpatient care for
      the rural population].

PMID- 694548
TI  - [Analysis of repeated calls for evaluating the work of a first aid physician].

PMID- 694549
TI  - [Age characteristics of mortality in the economically developed countries of the
      world].

PMID- 694550
TI  - [Public health in the Republic of Cuba].

PMID- 694552
TI  - [Problems of berotek pharmacodynamics].

PMID- 694551
TI  - [Diagnostic value of immunological methods in several chronic skin diseases].

PMID- 694553
TI  - [Immunological aspects of viral infections].

PMID- 694554
TI  - [Medicine and sleep].

PMID- 694555
TI  - [Effectiveness of therapy of neurological patients in a dispensary].

PMID- 694556
TI  - [Psychiatric aspects of emergency medical care].

PMID- 694557
TI  - [Organization of patients' treatment with drug-induced pathology].

PMID- 694558
TI  - [Hypoglycemic states stimulating focal lesions of the brain].

PMID- 694559
TI  - [Physiotherapy in complex treatment of candidiasis of the genital mucosa in
      women].

PMID- 694560
TI  - [Cortico-visceral relations in epilepsy].

PMID- 694561
TI  - [Acid-base equilibrium of blood and cerebrospinal fluid in infectious
      inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system].

PMID- 694562
TI  - [Disorders of cerebral circulation in patients with chronic alcoholism].

PMID- 694563
TI  - [Suprafocal manifestations of the cervical spine trauma].

PMID- 694564
TI  - [Current problems in the study of initial vascular diseases of the nervous
      system].

PMID- 694565
TI  - [Role of endogenous and exogenous factors in the development of cerebral
      dyshemia].

PMID- 694566
TI  - [Complementary nature of the anticerebral antibodies to different components of
      the brain tissue in patients with disturbed cerebral circulation].

PMID- 694568
TI  - [Soviet public health - results of the Great October Revolution].

PMID- 694567
TI  - [Autonomic disorders in neuroses].

PMID- 694569
TI  - [Clinical aspects and rehabilitation of neurological disturbances due to
      protracted antiorthostatic hypokinesis].

PMID- 694570
TI  - [Segmental ultraviolet irradiation in complex treatment of cerebral
      atherosclerosis with transient disorders of the cerebral circulation].

PMID- 694571
TI  - [Some specific features in the development of marginal and nuclear hysterical
      psychopathy (comparative age-related aspects)].

PMID- 694572
TI  - [Principles in treatment of neuroses and similar psychopathological states].

PMID- 694573
TI  - [Characteristics of natural immunity in persons treated with phenothiazines of
      different duration].

PMID- 694574
TI  - [Classification of side effects produced by antiepileptic drugs].

PMID- 694575
TI  - [Antiepileptic treatment and reasons for its cancellation].

PMID- 694576
TI  - [Physical work performance of patients suffering from alcoholism[].

PMID- 694577
TI  - [Treatment of alcoholism with esperal].

PMID- 694578
TI  - [Relationship of opticomyelitis and diffuse sclerosis].

PMID- 694579
TI  - [Pathogenesis of facial nerve neuritis (clinico-rheofaciographic study)].

PMID- 694580
TI  - [Histology and cytology of the bone marrow in disseminated sclerosis].

PMID- 694581
TI  - [Complex treatment of demyelinating diseases of the nervous system in children
      and adolescents].

PMID- 694582
TI  - [Current problems in clinical immunology].

PMID- 694584
TI  - [Influence of sex factors on polymorphism of neurological syndromes in spinal
      osteochondritis].

PMID- 694583
TI  - [Herpetic radiculoganglioneuritis of the sacrolumbar region].

PMID- 694585
TI  - [Multichannel rheography].

PMID- 694586
TI  - [Concomitant lesions of the cerebral, pulmonary and cardiac vessels in persons
      with obliterative arterial diseases of the lower extremities].

PMID- 694587
TI  - [Congenital anomaly in the contour of the kidney calices].

PMID- 694588
TI  - [Transurethral resection in the management of prostatic cancer].

PMID- 694589
TI  - [Hemangiomas of the liver].

PMID- 694591
TI  - [The use of performic acid in surgery].

PMID- 694590
TI  - [Ischemic intestinal gangrenes of a nonocclusive nature].

PMID- 694592
TI  - [An unusual congenital anomaly--a brachial outgrow].

PMID- 694593
TI  - [Therapeutic technic in subungual hematomas].

PMID- 694594
TI  - Purine metabolism and phosphoribosyl-pyrophosphate (PRPP) in human leukemic
      leukocytes.

PMID- 694595
TI  - Serum glycylproline p-nitroanilidase activity in rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 694596
TI  - [Aseptic necrosis in systemic lupus erythematosus (author's transl)].

PMID- 694597
TI  - [Atlant-axial subluxation in rheumatoid arthritis (author's transl)].

PMID- 694598
TI  - [When does a fetus become a human being].

PMID- 694599
TI  - Stimulation of normal and abnormal neutrophil motility by propranolol.

PMID- 694600
TI  - When to investigate and when to treat hypertension.
AB  - When a raised blood pressure is found, a thorough clinical assessment and a few
      simple investigations are sufficient in the average patient. There are certain
      clear indications for treatment, but there is a grey zone where suggestions only
      can be offered. The importance of follow-up examinations, drug side-effects and
      associated risk factors is stressed.

PMID- 694601
TI  - The doctor as a humanist.
AB  - The education of the doctor, traditionally based on the classics, is now founded
      on the sciences. However, the practice of medicine on individual patients will
      remain an art. The problems of delivery of health care in the next millenium will
      be moral and ethical rather than scientific. A broad, liberal, humanistic
      education will be required.

PMID- 694602
TI  - A survey of admissions and deaths in a black paediatric department.
AB  - Patterns of paediatric illness in hospital were surveyed with a view to planning
      for improved community health services. High morbidity and early mortality from
      neonatal, nutritional, gastro-intestinal and respiratory disease reflected late
      referral to hospital of seriously ill children. Combined preventive, promotive
      and primary care clinics, health education and improved transport facilities for
      the sick are a high priority for the area.

PMID- 694603
TI  - The midwife obstetric unit.
AB  - The urgent need for an alternative to domiciliary delivery in Cape Town has been
      met by the development of midwife obstetric units (MOUs). These units are
      situated in suburbs with a high population density. They are staffed entirely by
      midwives and are linked by telephone to the base hospital. A flying squad service
      is available at the regional centre (the maternity block at Groote Schuur
      Hospital). Regular visits are made to the units by the medical staff. Strict
      criteria for delivery at the MOUs have resulted in a very low perinatal mortality
      rate, and the units have at the same time relieved the serious overcrowding in
      the teaching hospitals. The concept of the MOU is particularly suited to Africa
      and indeed to any developing country.

PMID- 694604
TI  - Increased erythrocytic diphosphoglycerate in megaloblastic anaemia. A
      compensatory mechanism?
AB  - The levels of erythrocytic 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid (2,3-DPG) in a group of
      patients with megaloblastic anaemia were compared with levels in an iron
      deficient subject. The megaloblastic cells appeared to have 2 mumol more 2,3-DPG
      per g Hb than the iron-deficient cells, at the average haemoglobin level found in
      the megaloblastic group. The anticipated adaptive decrease in the oxygen affinity
      of the blood was not apparent when the relationship of P50 (7,4) to haemoglobin
      level was examined. This was shown to be due to a decreased mean corpuscular
      haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), which counteracted the effect of the increased
      2,3-DPG.

PMID- 694605
TI  - The clinical and histological features of South West African cutaneous
      leishmaniasis.
AB  - The clinical and histological features of 18 cases of dermal leishmaniasis
      encountered in South West Africa are described and discussed. The anatomical
      distribution of the leishmanial lesions differs from that encountered elsewhere
      in Africa, but the histopathological changes follow a pattern similar to that of
      Oriental sore in other parts of the world.

PMID- 694606
TI  - Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Southern Africa. A case report.
AB  - The microscopical findings in a case of cutaneous leishmaniasis from South West
      Africa are presented in order to highlight the pathology of this disease and
      facilitate its recognition, should unsuspected cases occur in the Republic of
      South Africa. In addition, the ultrastructural findings confirm the presence of
      typical Leishmania which occur in the cytoplasm of macrophages where they are
      undergoing destruction. This adds a further dimension to the characterization of
      this disease in southern Africa.

PMID- 694607
TI  - Cystinosis with Fanconi's syndrome. A case report.
AB  - A 19-year-old girl suffering from the nephropathic form of cystinosis presented
      with the full clinical and biochemical picture of Fanconi's syndrome. Polyuria,
      polydipsia and photophobia associated with severe growth retardation and rickets
      were the main clinical features. The essential biochemical abnormalities
      consisted of hypophosphataemia, hypokalaemia and hypo-uricaemia together with a
      systemic acidosis and a reduced creatinine clearance rate. There was generalized
      amino-aciduria, glycosuria and bicarbonaturia. In addition, the fractional
      excretion of potassium, phosphate and uric acid was significantly increased. Slit
      lamp examination of the cornea and histological examination of the conjuctiva,
      liver, bone marrow and kidney demonstrated cystine crystals.

PMID- 694608
TI  - Lifestyle and health.

PMID- 694609
TI  - [The doctor may not speak].

PMID- 694610
TI  - An easy technique for sialography.

PMID- 694611
TI  - Breast reduction and medical aid societies.

PMID- 694612
TI  - Duodenal ulcer in black south Africans.

PMID- 694613
TI  - Infective endocarditis complicating congenital heart disease.
AB  - The pathological alterations in 34 patients with infective endocarditis
      complicating congenital heart defects were studied. The overall incidence of
      infective endocarditis in patients with major congenital cardiac defects was
      4,7%. Most patients were under 31 years of age and males predominated. The
      infection was associated with Fallot's tetralogy in 10 patients (17%),
      ventricular septal defect in 7 (4%), bicuspid aortic valve in 7 (16%),
      coarctation of the aorta in 6 (8%), atrial septal defects in 2 (1%), and patent
      ductus arteriosus and pulmonary artery branch stenosis in 1 patient each. The
      causative micro-organisms were successfully cultured from only 29% of patients.
      Fourteen of the 34 patients had infection of an associated 'jet' lesion. Patients
      with isolated ventricular septal defect showed tricuspid valve endocarditis more
      commonly than did patients with Fallot's tetralogy. The infection had been missed
      clinically in 34,8% of patients, 50% of whom were aged 3 years or younger.

PMID- 694614
TI  - Serum calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase and 25-hydroxyvitamin
      D concentrations in children.
AB  - Serum calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase and 25-hydroxyvitamin
      D concentrations for Coloured children between the ages of 1 and 17 years are
      reported. No evidence of vitamin D deficiency was found. The problem of the
      interpretation of 'normal' alkaline phosphatase concentrations is highlighted.

PMID- 694615
TI  - The impact of renal failure on the South African black and his attitude towards
      haemodialysis.
AB  - Four years' experience with haemodialysis in South African Blacks has afforded an
      insight into their beliefs and superstitions about kidney function and kidney
      disease, the role of the extended family and the influence of traditional healers
      on the pattern of management of patients with chronic renal failure. Despite a
      vastly different cultural background and basic ignorance of biology, their
      reactions and adaptations to maintenance haemodialysis are closely similar to
      those reported from modern Western societies.

PMID- 694616
TI  - Endogenous and exogenous heptadecapeptide gastrin transport across the pig liver.
AB  - In vivo studies in the pig showed no net loss or gain of endogenous porcine
      gastrin during transport across the liver in fasting animals. Infusion of
      synthetic human heptadecapeptide gastrin (G-17) in doses of 0,25, 0,5 and 1,0
      microgram/kg/min raised circulating gastrin levels to those found in the
      postprandial state. At no time was there a loss or gain of immunologically
      determined gastrin across the liver. Changes in the molecular size of gastrin,
      however, suggested that qualitative but not quantitative effects followed the
      administration of G-17 in vivo. The disappearance of gastrin from the circulation
      was biphasic, with an initial half-life of 3 minutes and a slower phase
      suggesting recirculation or multicompartment equilibration. The distribution at
      equilibrium was +/- 20% of body weight calculated from arterial levels, but 30
      40% if portal or hepatic venous values were used. The mean blood production rate
      was +/- 125 microgram/day but the portal contribution was only 30 microgram/day,
      suggesting an important alternative source of gastrin.

PMID- 694617
TI  - Infantile apnoea due to profound hypocalcaemia associated with vitamin D
      deficiency. A case report.
AB  - In this report a 7-week-old infant with stage 1 rickets, profound hypocalcaemia
      and recurrent apnoea is described. The patient responded initially to calcium
      supplementation, and subsequently to therapy with vitamin D.

PMID- 694618
TI  - Health and marathon running.

PMID- 694619
TI  - Measles immunization.

PMID- 694620
TI  - Neurological complications of rabies vaccines.

PMID- 694621
TI  - Electrocardiographic and biochemical studies on marathon runners.
AB  - The electrocardiographic findings and certain biochemical observations in 48 male
      runners before and after participation in the Comrades Marathon race are
      presented. In 21 of the 48 runners electrocardiographic changes consistent with
      early ischaemic heart disease could be demonstrated before the race. In 2 runners
      who had normal tracings before the race, abnormalities could be shown after the
      race. The total serum creatine kinase activity was markedly elevated after the
      race in the majority of the 23 runners in whom this was measured. In 11 of these
      subjects, the Marsh-Bender (MB) fraction could be demonstrated after the race. It
      is concluded that an elevated MB fraction is probably not a reliable index of
      myocardial damage after strenuous exercise.

PMID- 694622
TI  - The diagnosis and management of diverticular disease.
AB  - Diverticular disease is very common among elderly members of "Western, civilized"
      communities. The aetiopathogenesis is unknown, but may be related to diet and
      raised intracolonic pressure. Patients with diverticulosis are usually
      asymptomatic, but those with diverticulitis (which implies inflammation) often
      present with pain, pyrexia and changes in bowel habit. Careful differential
      diagnosis is necessary to permit appropriate treatment (medical or surgical), and
      to detect and treat potentially dangerous complications (abscess, peritonitis,
      haemorrhage, stenosis, fistula).

PMID- 694623
TI  - Ligamentous injury of the cervical spine--two radiological signs.
AB  - The integrity of the posterior ligamentous complex is important for the stability
      of the cervical spine. Severe ligamentous injury may occur without radiological
      evidence of vertebral fracture or dislocation. If overlooked, ligamentous damage
      may result in vertebral instability with subsequent dislocation and spinal cord
      injury. Two radiological signs, acute kyphotic angulation and divergence of the
      spinous processes, which are indirect evidence of ligamentous damage, are
      described.

PMID- 694624
TI  - The changing role of doctors in the Soweto clinics' health care teams.
AB  - Delegation of common health problems and their management to specially trained
      primary health care nurses allows the clinic doctor in a health care team to
      employ his own skills and time more effectively. He may become an expert in
      comprehensive community health care or develop related research interests, and
      thus help to promote optimal health services relevant to the local situation.

PMID- 694625
TI  - [Malignant hyperthermia in a black child. A case report].
AB  - A case of malignant hyperthermia in a Black boy is presented. He developed this
      condition during repair of a cleft palate, with halothane as the triggering
      agent. The importance of the high incidence of malignant hyperthermia in patients
      with certain musculoskeletal abnormalities is stressed. Despite a cool and well
      air-conditioned theatre, the patient's temperature was 41 degree C when the
      condition was suspected. At that stage general muscle rigidity was present. The
      patient was successfully treated with procainamide, sodium bicarbonate and
      hydrocortisone; surface cooling (with ice packs) was instituted and the stomach
      was washed out with ice-cold Ringer's solution. Over a period of 14 days serum
      creatine phosphokinase values decreased from 630 IU (on the day of the incident)
      to 12 IU. A muscle biopsy showed variation in muscle fibre size. Electron
      microscopical studies showed myofibrillar disruption and folding of the basement
      membrane. A modified version of Denborough's technique was used for the in vitro
      exposure of muscle strips to halothane and suxamethonium. Isometric contraction
      was measured and recorded. A severe contraction followed the exposure of muscle
      strips to halothane, which confirmed the diagnosis.

PMID- 694626
TI  - The tricky trichomonas.

PMID- 694627
TI  - A dental health revolution.

PMID- 694628
TI  - [Hateful patients].

PMID- 694629
TI  - Changing concepts in medical care.

PMID- 694630
TI  - Consumer opinion on clinic services in an urban area.

PMID- 694631
TI  - Consumer opinion on clinic services in a rural area.

PMID- 694632
TI  - Unsuccessful pregnancies--report on 200 perinatal postmortems.

PMID- 694633
TI  - Medical problems in pregnancy--analysis of 1000 antenatal and postnatal
      diagnoses.

PMID- 694635
TI  - What the community needs--obstetric care.

PMID- 694634
TI  - Complications in pregnancy and labour--a comparison between referrals from
      peripheral clinic to base hospital in 1971 and 1976.

PMID- 694636
TI  - Training for family living [proceedings].

PMID- 694637
TI  - Maternal intensive care.
AB  - The evolution of a maternal intensive care unit (ICU) is described and the
      management of the patients treated over a 10-month period is outlined. The
      principles, practice and methods of intensive care for the parturient are
      discussed.

PMID- 694638
TI  - Efficacy and acceptability of injectable medroxyprogesterone. A comparison of 3
      monthly and 6-monthly regimens.
AB  - Five hundred Black Rhodesian women given injections of 150 mg Depo-Provera every
      3 months (group A) and 500 women given an injection of 450 mg Depo-Provera every
      6 months (group B) were reviewed after 6 months. Group B had a significantly
      lower rate of defaulters. There was no significant difference between the groups
      with regard to weight gain, systolic and diastolic blood pressure increase,
      overall abnormal bleeding patterns and complaints of side-effects. Among those
      women who reported abnormal bleeding patterns, significantly more in group B had
      amenorrhoea. There was no significant increase of prolonged bleeding in group B.
      Among those women who complained of side-effects, significantly more in group B
      complained of headaches and a bloated abdomen. No pregnancies occurred in either
      group. The increased annual cost of the 450 mg injections, which was the main
      reason for women not accepting this regimen, is outweighed by convenience and
      reduced travel costs. Depo-Provera 450 mg given by 6-monthly injection is well
      tolerated and effective, and appears to be even more satisfactory as regards
      continued acceptance than 150 mg given every 3 months.

PMID- 694639
TI  - Evaluation of a combined oestrogen-progestogen injectable contraceptive.
AB  - A combined injection of 50 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate and 10 mg oestradiol
      cypionate (Cyclo-Provera; Upjohn) was administered monthly for periods ranging
      from 1 to 18 months, to 120 Black women of reproductive age. No major side
      effects were noted, no pregnancies occurred in the 575 cycles studies, and the
      pattern of regular menstrual bleeding was acceptable. Amenorrhoea occurred in
      15,8% of patients but only 2,5% requested a change of treatment. The incidence of
      amenorrhoea diminished with continued use. This contraceptive regimen appears to
      be a useful addition to the methods presently available. Certain aspects merit
      further study.

PMID- 694640
TI  - Intra-uterine extra-amniotic prostaglandin F2-alpha in the management of patients
      with intra-uterine fetal death.
AB  - The problems of a conservative approach to the management of patients with intra
      uterine fetal death are presented, and the technique of intra-uterine, extra
      amniotic infusion of prostaglandin F2-alpha (PGF2alpha) is described. This
      involves the repeated infusion of a solution of PGF2alpha into the extra-amniotic
      space to induce labour in patients in whom pregnancy is complicated by intra
      uterine fetal death. Pregnancy was successfully terminated by this method in 9
      patients with intra-uterine fetal death. The mean induction-delivery interval was
      10,2 hours. There were no side-effects, and the results were similar to those
      reported by other authors who used a similar technique of inducing labour. Past
      and present methods of inducing labour in patients with intra-uterine fetal death
      are reviewed and discussed.

PMID- 694641
TI  - An analysis of the first 200 legal abortions at the Johannesburg General
      Hospital.
AB  - A retrospective study was made of the first 200 terminations of pregnancy at the
      Johannesburg General Hospital since the promulgation of the Abortion and
      Sterilization Act of 1975. The indications for termination of pregnancy, the
      ages, marital status and parity of the patients, the procedures and their
      complications are analysed. Psychiatric factors were cited in 76% of cases.
      Further indications were rubella infection in the first trimester of pregnancy,
      medical, genetic and legal factors. The use of intra- and extra-amniotic
      prostaglandin administration is compared.

PMID- 694642
TI  - The Abortion and Sterilization Act in 1975--experience of the Johannesburg
      Hospital Pregnancy Advisory Clinic.
AB  - The experience of a Pregnancy Advisory Service operating in terms of the Abortion
      and Sterilization Act of 1975 is reviewed. A total of 454 applications for
      abortion were considered, of which 198 (44%) were accepted and the abortions
      performed. The urgent need for sex education at schools, colleges and
      universities is stressed, in view of the large number of scholars and students
      under the age of 17 who seek an abortion. There are also patients who discontinue
      contraception for a variety of reasons, on medical advice or otherwise, without
      an alternative being suggested or sought. Motivation of patient, nurse and doctor
      needs urgent improvement.

PMID- 694643
TI  - The quantitative effect of lumbar analgesia on uterine work output.
AB  - The effect of lumbar epidural analgesia on uterine work output was studied in 36
      women during labour. During the first 10 minutes after administration of the
      local anaesthetic agents there was a 46% loss of uterine activity. In 72% of
      patients uterine activity returned to normal within 30 minutes. Seventeen per
      cent of patients required additional oxytocic stimulation.

PMID- 694645
TI  - Alcoholic cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 694644
TI  - Haemodialysis in pregnancy. A case report.
AB  - A successful outcome of haemodialysis in a pregnant patient with chronic
      glomerulonephritis is reported. After a stable period of 9 years, pregnancy
      resulted in a definite deterioration of renal function. The importance of
      establishing biological maturity in preference to gestational maturity is
      stressed.

PMID- 694646
TI  - Does obesity matter?

PMID- 694647
TI  - The treatment of malaria.

PMID- 694648
TI  - Diverticular disease in urban blacks.

PMID- 694649
TI  - The prevalence of hypertension in the urban Zulu.
AB  - In a random house-to-house study of 18000 urban Zulus the overall prevalence of
      essential hypertension was %25 (female 27%; males 23%).  Women between the ages
      of 35 and 40 years had a higher prevalence than men.  The mean arterial pressure
      according to age and sex was not as high as in the American Negro, West Indian or
      Nigerian, but certainly higher than in most Caucasian populations.  The mean
      arterial pressure rose with age, showing a greater rise in systolic than in
      diastolic blood pressure.  More effective screening and therapeutic programmes
      should be initiated in Blacks, since this study showed that 90% of the subjects
      who had hypertension were undiagnosed, undetected or inadequately treated.

PMID- 694650
TI  - Chronic illness in non-institutionalized persons.  Part II. Who cares?
AB  - A survey was conducted to evaluate the care being received by non
      institutionalized chronically ill persons in the Black, Coloured  and White
      communities residing in the Municipality of Cape Town. Of the chronically ill
      persons identified, 170 (71%) of the Blacks, 188 (62%) of the Coloureds and 43
      (86%) of the Whites were receiving care at the time of the survey, and the type,
      location and duration of this care are outlined.  Only 26% of the chronically ill
      persons were considered to be receiving optimal care, and new recommendations for
      care were made for 201 (84%) of the Blacks, 203 (67%) of the Coloureds and 36
      (72%) of the Whites.  Of the patients for whom new recommendations were made, 37%
      were not currently receiving any care.  The financial and occupational
      repercussions of chronic illness are considered, and methods of improving the
      comprehensive care of chronically ill persons are discussed.

PMID- 694651
TI  - The effects of glucose, arginine and somatostatin on hyperglucagonaemia in the
      pancreatectomized pig.

PMID- 694652
TI  - Hypotension after lumbar epidural analgesia.
AB  - Despite preloading with fluid, a fall in the mean arterial pressure was recorded
      in 66% of patients after standard epidural analgesia.  In 83% of patients in whom
      blood pressure fell, hypotension was classified as moderate or severe.  In cases
      of severe hypotension the dermatome level of the block always surpassed T9. The
      maximal fall in blood pressure always occurred within the first 25 minutes after
      administration of the local anaesthetic agent.

PMID- 694653
TI  - Congenital tuberculosis. A report of a probable case.
AB  - Extensive miliary pulmonary tuberculosis in a 17-day-old infant born to a mother
      with pulmonary tuberculosis is described.  It was assumed that the patient
      probably had congental tuberculosis.  We report our findings to draw attention to
      a rare disease where a high index of suspicion, timely diagnosis and adequate
      management are essential if treatment is to be successful.

PMID- 694654
TI  - Coronary heart disease diagnosed as cardiomyopathy in blacks. A report of four
      cases.
AB  - Four Black South Africans presented with cardiac failure which was diagnosed as
      being due to cardiomyopathy.  Necropsy examination revealed that all 4 patients
      had had severe coronary atheroma and myocardial infarction during life.

PMID- 694655
TI  - Workshop on hypertension, Johannesburg, 8-9 July 1977.

PMID- 694656
TI  - Epidemiology of hypertension in developed and developing populations.

PMID- 694657
TI  - Genetic factors in hypertension.

PMID- 694658
TI  - Haemodynamics of hypertension.

PMID- 694659
TI  - The adrenal cortex.

PMID- 694660
TI  - The renin-angiotensin system.

PMID- 694661
TI  - Renovascular hypertension.

PMID- 694662
TI  - Hypertension and renal parenchymatous disease.

PMID- 694663
TI  - Hypertension in pregnancy.

PMID- 694664
TI  - Fluid compartments in hypertension.

PMID- 694665
TI  - Pathological changes in hypertension.

PMID- 694666
TI  - Treatment of hypertension.

PMID- 694667
TI  - [High protein diets].

PMID- 694668
TI  - [Non-epileptic vagal attacks].

PMID- 694670
TI  - Breast versus bottle feeding.

PMID- 694669
TI  - Artificial insemination by donor.

PMID- 694671
TI  - The high rugby tackle--an avoidable cause of cervical spinal injury?
AB  - The type and circumstances of injury to 14 rugby players with cervical spinal
      cord damage sustained during a tackle have been analysed. Two specific mechanisms
      of injury were evident. Four players were injured when their heads collided with
      fixed objects while they were attempting to tackle an opponent. Ten players were
      injured while being tackled and 5 of them were tackled around the neck. The risk
      of trauma to the cervical spine caused by the force applied to the neck in a high
      tackle is discussed. The susceptibility of the ligaments of the cervical spine to
      the rotational force exerted during a high tackle is stressed. An amendment to
      the rules of rugby, which would reduce cervical trauma, is suggested.

PMID- 694672
TI  - Pneumococcal meningitis with complications.

PMID- 694673
TI  - Plasma lipids and hepatic lipid synthesis following portacaval shunt in the rat.
AB  - End-to-side portacaval shunt (PCS) in the rat exerted an antilipaemic effect
      which was most marked for esterified cholesterol and triglycerides. In vitro
      hepatic lipid synthesis did not correlate with serum lipid values and it is
      unlikely that decreased biosynthesis in the mechanism of the antilipaemic action
      of PCS in the rat.

PMID- 694674
TI  - The hyperviscosity syndrome in an IgA-2 myeloma patient.
AB  - We have compared serum viscosities in 2 patients with the IgA type of multiple
      myeloma. One patient had the rare condition of IgA-2 myeloma. We confirm that
      hyperviscosity is associated with higher polymers. It would appear that there is
      no barrier to polymer formation with the IgA-2 subclass.

PMID- 694675
TI  - Biliary ascariasis--endoscopic aspects. Report of 4 cases.
AB  - Retrograde cholangiography was carried out in 4 small children with suspected
      roundworm infestation of the biliary tree. An adult-sized side-viewing fibre
      optic duodenoscope was employed, and a general anaesthetic was given in each
      case. Roundworms were frequently seen protruding from the papillary orifice when
      biliary infestation was present. Cannulation of the duodenal papilla was shown to
      be eminently feasible in these small children, whose average weight was 12,4 kg.
      The degree of infestation and the response to vermifuge therapy could be
      determined with precision by retrograde cholangiography. It is suggested that
      this procedure has a place in the management of the complicated case of biliary
      ascariasis, and that it should certainly be considered when surgery is
      contemplated.

PMID- 694676
TI  - [Continuing medical education].

PMID- 694677
TI  - Measles pneumonia.

PMID- 694678
TI  - An under-5 clinic in Transkei.

PMID- 694679
TI  - Climate and disease.
AB  - A summary of the literature shows that there are well-marked seasonal variations
      in mortality for total deaths, for respiratory and cardiovascular diseases and
      for diabetes, the mortality rate being higher in winter than in summer. These
      seasonal variations in mortality are seen in infants under 1 year of age and in
      older people but not in youths and young adults. The amplitude of the seasonal
      variation in mortality increases with increasing age because of the higher
      incidence of cardiovascular and respiratory mortality in older people. Seasonal
      variations in air temperature are a more important determinant of seasonal
      variations in respiratory and cardiovascular deaths than are fluctuations in air
      pollution; there is usually a time-lag of up to a week in the change in air
      temperature before the mortality rate for these diseases increases; a run of 4 -
      5 days of stressful temperatures (either hot or cold) has more effect on
      mortality than an isolated hot or cold day. Examination of the seasonal
      variations in all causes of death of the four population groups in South Africa
      shows that Whites and Asians display the typical pattern of a winter high and a
      summer low mortality of populations in developed countries. The seasonal
      variation in mortality of Coloureds and Blacks is quite different. It shows two
      peaks, one in winter and one in summer. This bimodal pattern in the seasonal
      variation is due to the fact that one-third of all Coloured and Black deaths
      occur in infants under 1 year of age and most of these deaths occur in summer as
      a result of gastro-enteritis. Comparison was made of the seasonal variations in
      mortality rates for all causes of death and for respiratory and ischaemic heart
      disease (IHD) deaths of Whites over 40 years of age in Durban and Johannesburg.
      This showed that the seasonal variation for all causes of death is greater in
      Johannesburg than in Durban, i.e. proportionately more older Whites die during
      winter in Johannesburg than in Durban. The reason for this difference is that the
      seasonal variation in respiratory disease mortality is much greater in
      Johannesburg than it is in Durban, but the seasonal variation in IHD mortality is
      the same in the two cities.

PMID- 694680
TI  - Percutaneous embolization for post-traumatic renal haemorrhage.
AB  - Treatment of post-traumatic renal haemorrhage by percutaneous embolization in 9
      patients is reported. Successful control of haematuria was achieved in 8 patients
      and 1 patient was referred for surgery. The arteriographic findings and technique
      are described. One patient developed hypertension but there were no other
      complications. Super-selective renal arterial embolism can provide definitive
      therapy in renal trauma, and major surgery may be avoided in most cases.

PMID- 694681
TI  - The lumbar disc brace.
AB  - An inexpensive, light-weight and cosmetically acceptable brace for the lumbar
      spine has been submitted to clinical trial over a period of 16 months and has
      proved effective, both in averting surgery and in facilitating a quick return to
      duty.

PMID- 694682
TI  - Is the witchdoctor medically competent?
AB  - Any possible collaboration with indigenous healers presupposes a precise
      knowledge of what they do. Diviners are specialists in social relations and their
      expertise can be of benefit to medical practice. The medicines employed by
      herbalists are not usually therapeutic in the physical sense. They operate on a
      mystical and symbolic plane, which is foreign to the practice of "Western"
      medicine.

PMID- 694683
TI  - Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the uterine cervix. A report of two cases.
AB  - Two new cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the uterine cervix are presented.
      The first patient, a 45-year-old woman, died from probable pulmonary metastases 1
      year after presentation. The second, a 73-year-old woman, was alive, without
      evidence of disease, 6 months after presentation. Review of the literature and
      assessment of these 2 cases suggest that this tumour is radiosensitive, and the
      therapy advocated is radiotherapy followed by wide local excision.

PMID- 694684
TI  - Acral lentiginous melanoma or Hutchinson's melanotic freckle of the extremities.
      A case report.
AB  - An additional category of malignant melanoma of the skin, i.e. acral lentiginous
      melanoma, has been proposed by some authors. The lesion occurs on the
      extremities, particularly the soles of the feet, the palms of the hands and the
      digits, but otherwise has the clinical, histological and prognostic features of
      Hutchinson's melanotic freckle with melanoma. A case conforming to the
      description of Hutchinson's melanotic freckle of the sole of the foot occurring
      in a White patient is described. Reference is also made to previous studies of
      malignant melanoma of the extremities in Black patients. In 15% of these the
      histogenetic pattern of Hutchinson's melanotic freckle could be observed in the
      epidermis, adjacent to the invasive melanoma. This pattern was associated with a
      very much better prognosis than was the superficial spreading or nodular type.
      The advisability of introducing a new category of acral lentiginous melanoma is
      therefore questioned.

PMID- 694685
TI  - Pneumatosis coli secondary to colonic obstruction. A case report.
AB  - A case of pneumatosis coli of the caecum and ascending colon with a closed loop
      obstruction secondary to carcinoma of the descending colon is presented. The
      caecum was grossly distended and impending rupture was diagnosed. It is
      postulated that complete transmural rupture of the caecum was prevented by
      partial decompression of caecal air into the bowel wall.

PMID- 694686
TI  - Isolated gastric varices -- a separate entity. Report of two cases.
AB  - Gastric varices may develop in the absence of oesophageal varices and in the
      absence of portal hypertension. Isolated gastric varices have only recently
      emerged as a separate entity. The condition is usually due to underlying
      pancreatic lesions. The diagnosis is made on endoscopy. Bleeding from the varices
      is best controlled by splenectomy, while the pancreatic lesion is dealt with on
      its own merits. Two cases are described to draw attention to this condition, and
      the salient features of this condition are summarized diagrammatically.

PMID- 694687
TI  - Carcinoma in situ in two wives of the same husband. A case report.
AB  - Two cases of carcinoma in situ in 2 wives (aged 25 and 27 years) of the same
      husband are reported, and attention is drawn to the high-risk male in the
      aetiology of carcinoma of the cervix.

PMID- 694688
TI  - The prevalence of hypertension in the Indian population of Durban.
AB  - In a random house-to-house study of 1 000 Indians the prevalence of essential
      hypertension according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria was 19%
      (females 22%; males 15%). The study revealed that the prevalence of hypertension
      was higher than in published data from India. Ethnicity in our study caused a
      significant variation in prevalence. Prevalence was lower than in our urban Zulu
      study. Blood pressure rose with age, but there was a greater rise in systolic
      than in diastolic blood pressure. Prevalence in males and females under 40 years
      were equal. There was an association between hypertension and diabetes mellitus.
      More effective screening and therapeutic programmes should be initiated in the
      Indian population because of the high prevalence of hypertension which may lead
      to complications if untreated, and because 58% of the hypertensive subjects were
      untreated or had discontinued therapy.

PMID- 694689
TI  - Correlation of the site of obstruction with the lesion by fine-needle
      percutaneous cholangiography.
AB  - The use of fine-needle percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography is becoming a
      standard procedure for investigating jaundiced patients undergoing surgery. The
      results of this procedure in 40 patients investigated at the Johannesburg
      Hospital show the importance of correlating the site of obstruction with the
      nature of the lesion.

PMID- 694690
TI  - [Pelvic pain in women - new ideas].

PMID- 694691
TI  - Chondrodysplasia punctata. Report of parent-to-child transmission.
AB  - A family with chondrodysplasia punctata of the Conradi-Hunermann type is
      presented. The diagnosis was not made on the affected child who died after
      orthopaedic surgery for the complications of the condition. The mother had
      undoubted stigmata of the disease, and a previous child, who died shortly after
      birth, might also have had the condition. Sound genetic counselling could only be
      offered after accurate diagnosis was made.

PMID- 694692
TI  - Successful non-operative treatment of bile peritonitis in infancy. A case report.

PMID- 694693
TI  - Sports medicine and 'overtraining'.

PMID- 694694
TI  - Student electives.

PMID- 694695
TI  - Caution in the administration of smallpox vaccine.

PMID- 694696
TI  - The south african trauma society.

PMID- 694697
TI  - Another phenocopy for chondrodysplasia punctata in addition to warfarin
      embryopathy?

PMID- 694699
TI  - A report of three years' experience of a Balint group in Cape Town.
AB  - Three years' experience as members of a group composed predominantly of general
      practitioners, and constituted to discuss psychological problems encountered in
      general practice, is reported. Without exception, present and past members found
      the experience valuable, and particular mention was made of members' increased
      insight into their own reactions in the doctor-patient relationship. It is hoped
      that the experience of this group will encourage general practitioners in other
      centres which do not already have such a group to consider forming similar
      groups.

PMID- 694698
TI  - The first 100 patients in the Valkenberg Psychogeriatric Assessment Unit.
AB  - The Psychogeriatric Assessment Unit is a new development for the care of the
      psychiatrically ill geriatric patient. An analysis of the first 100 patients
      admitted to such a unit at Valkenberg Hospital, Cape Town, shows that the
      investigation and treatment of behavioural and psychiatric disturbances can be
      effectively done there. The unit is economical as regards staff and their time
      and achieves really surprising improvement for the majority of geriatric patients
      who would otherwise have had to be hospitalized for long periods or inadequately
      cared for by the community. Over 50% of the patients were suffering from
      depressive illnesses, many of which were associated with physical illness and
      isolation, and their response to therapy was excellent. The frequent concurrence
      of physical illness (in 20% of cases admission was for psychiatric symptoms) with
      rapid improvement after adequate medical treatment was noteworthy. It is
      essential to have a close association between physician and general medical
      services. The other finding worth commenting on is that 9 patients were admitted
      for confusion; in 7 of them this was due to drugs prescribed by medical
      practitioners.

PMID- 694700
TI  - Sudden quadriparesis in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. A case report.
AB  - A case of sudden quadriparesis in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis is
      described. The aetiology of motor weakness in the rheumatoid patient is outlined.
      The natural history of the subluxated rheumatoid cervical spine is once again
      emphasized.

PMID- 694701
TI  - [The mechanisms of Parkinson's disease].

PMID- 694702
TI  - Marathon runners, electrocardiographic changes and insurance risk.

PMID- 694704
TI  - [25 Civitas].

PMID- 694703
TI  - Treatment of anaerobic infection with metronidazole and chloramphenicol.

PMID- 694705
TI  - Electrocardiographic studies on marathon runners.

PMID- 694707
TI  - [Treatment of the patients who have undergone heart surgery and the innocent
      heart murmur in children].

PMID- 694706
TI  - The rarity of coronary heart disease in South African blacks.
AB  - Coronary heart disease (CHD) remains an uncommon disorder in the South African
      Black population. It has been suggested that herein lies an enigma, since it is
      believed that these people are considerably exposed to the conventional risk
      factors for CHD. To test this belief I have assessed the exposure of Black
      people, in time and degree, to the following CHD risk factors: affluence, age,
      hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, dietary excess, smoking, physical inactivity,
      diabetes, obesity, hyperuricaemia and hyperinsulinism. Among males only
      hypertension, and among females only hypertension and obesity, emerged as
      prominent factors. However, neither of these is significantly atherogenic in the
      social, nutritional and metabolic milieu in which Blacks generally live, and
      obesity is a doubtful atherogenic factor, even in westernized populations. It is
      therefore concluded that the rarity of CHD in Blacks is not enigmatic, but is
      appropriate to their environmental circumstances.

PMID- 694708
TI  - [Referral notes].

PMID- 694709
TI  - Periodic health examinations.

PMID- 694711
TI  - Hateful patients.

PMID- 694710
TI  - Fatal hepatic necrosis in association with the use of hycanthone.

PMID- 694712
TI  - Circulating antibodies in diabetics treated with conventional and purified
      insulins.
AB  - Conventional insulins contain impurities which are immunogenic; these include
      pancreatic polypeptide (PP), glucagon and somatostatin and intermediates of
      insulin synthesis co-extracted during purification. Monocomponent (MC) insulins
      are free of these contaminants. In 49 insulin-treated diabetic patients,
      antibodies were found to insulin (94%), pro-insulin (68%) and PP (68%).
      Antibodies to glucagon and somatostatin were not detected. There was a
      significantly lower mean maximum binding and titre of insulin and PP antibodies
      and total circulating insulin (i.e. antibody bound and free) in patients
      receiving MC insulin. In patients treated with MC insulins for longer than 2
      years there was a significant fall in the mean maximum binding of insulin and
      total serum insulin, but no consistent change in diabetes control and daily
      insulin dose. It seems that except in the special instances of fat atrophy,
      insulin allergy and certain cases of insulin resistance, there is no need to
      resort to MC insulin.

PMID- 694713
TI  - The role of the doctor in the changing health service.
AB  - During the last quarter of a century there has been a gradual change in the
      doctor's role from that of being the personal provider of medical care to that of
      the leader of a health care team which is placing increasing emphasis on
      promotive and preventive health. For the doctor this has necessitated learning
      additional skills, particularly in the delegation of specific tasks to nurses and
      other paramedical personnel, the co-ordination of the activities of the health
      care team, and in teaching and management. The new Health Act of 1977 will enable
      doctors to develop along these new lines by making closer liaison between
      hospital and community-based services possible. These new trends in medical care
      will in turn require urgent re-orientation in planning for new buildings and
      facilities in the health service; especially with a view to keeping expenditure
      within available resources so that health skills and knowledge can be made
      available to everyone.

PMID- 694714
TI  - Severe aortic incompetence caused by systemic lupus erythematosus. A case report.
AB  - A patient with a 3-year history of serologically confirmed articular systemic
      lupus erythematosus (SLE), who developed uncontrolled heart failure due to aortic
      incompetence and who was successfully treated by aortic valve replacement, is
      described.

PMID- 694715
TI  - Observations on the localization of Absidia corymbifera in vivo.
AB  - The role of spore distribution and the presence of tissue-specific fungal growth
      stimulants and inhibitors in determining the in vivo localization of Absidia
      corymbifera were examined in experimentally infected mice. Intravenous
      inoculation resulted in generalized distribution of spores, with the highest
      concentrations accumulating in the liver and spleen. Active lesions containing
      developing mycelium were confined to the brain, kidneys and occasionally the
      myocardium. Fungal growth stimulating activity was present in all tissue
      examined, the liver and spleen being the most active. However at concentrations
      approaching those of whole tissues, the stimulatory activity of liver and spleen
      extracts drastically declined whereas that of brain and kidney preparations
      continued to increase. These effects, in conjunction with local variations in
      immune processes, were probably responsible for determining the distribution of
      A. corymbifera mycelial development in vivo.

PMID- 694716
TI  - Immune responses in paracoccidioidomycosis. A controlled study of 16 patients
      before and after treatment.
AB  - Serum electrophoresis patterns and various measures of specific and non-specific
      immune competence were determined in 16 patients with paracoccidioidomycosis, at
      time of diagnosis and 6 months after therapy. The results were compared with
      those furnished by the study of 16 control subjects, matched by age and sex. Once
      treated, the patients approached normality in some parameters. Untreated patients
      had significantly diminished albumin levels with increased alpha 1, alpha 2 and
      gamma fractions. Immune gamma globulin G (IgG) was elevated and remained so
      during therapy. Both before and after treatment patients had diminished total
      numbers and decreased percentages of E rosettes; they also had depressed
      lymphocyte transformation with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and paracoccidioidin (P).
      Also, untreated patients exhibited the lowest skin test responses to PHA,
      purified protein derivative (PPD), P and candidin (C); significant differences,
      however, were limited to the former 2 antigens. All untreated patients had
      detectable antibody titers against P. brasiliensis; these titers had a tendency
      to drop during treatment. No direct correlation was found between elevated serum
      fractions, presence of antibodies and depressed cellular immunity.

PMID- 694717
TI  - A simple low-cost restrainer for the intravenous injection of mice.
AB  - A plastic syringe has been modified to hold a mouse. The protruding tail is
      placed in hot water which causes the veins to dilate. The syringe is then clamped
      to a stand and injection of the vein is easy.

PMID- 694718
TI  - Immune-allergic survey with spherulin in a general hospital from Sao Paulo,
      Brasil.?

PMID- 694719
TI  - Contribution to the epidemiology of paracoccidioidomycosis and histoplasmosis in
      the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Paracoccidioidin and histoplasmin intradermic
      tests in domestic animals.

PMID- 694720
TI  - Purine reutilization and synthesis de novo in long-term human lymphocyte cell
      lines deficient in adenine phosphoribosyltransferase activity.
AB  - Clonal lines, with either partial or total deficiency of adenine
      phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) were derived from the WI-L2 long-term human
      lymphocyte line by selection for resistance to the adenine analogs 8-azaadenine
      or 2,6-diaminopurine. Resistance to 8-azaadenine also conferred resistance to 2,6
      diaminopurine and vice versa. Cells with 30--40% of wild-type APRT activity were
      selected by resistance to 0.01 mM 2,6-diaminopurine or 1.40 mM 8-azaadenine. The
      APRT in the 8-azaadinine-resistant cells exhibited a four- to sevenfold increase
      in the apparent Km for adenine. Activities of three other purine reutilization
      and interconversion enzymes in the resistant cells, including hypoxanthine
      phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT), adenosine kinase, and adenosine deaminase, were
      within the range of wild-type activities. The doubling times of the APRT
      deficient cells in purine-free medium was not different from wild-type cells. The
      APRT in the 8-azaadenine-resistant cells did not have an altered mobility in
      glycerol gradients as compared to wild-type cells. The rate of purine synthesis
      de novo and intracellular levels of 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate were
      unchanged in the APRT-deficient cells as compared to WI-L2. The ability of the
      cells to reutilize exogenous adenine, however, was severely impaired.

PMID- 694721
TI  - Evidence for a striking increase in acetylcholinesterase activity in cultured
      human fibroblasts which are trisomic for chromosome two.
AB  - Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) is reported to have a narrowly restricted
      distribution among human tissues. Three strains of human fibroblasts which are
      trisomic for chromosome 2 had an average level of AchE activity over 28 times
      higher than the average level in 19 control strains of human fibroblasts. In
      contrast, the mean pseudocholinesterase activity of the trisomy-2 strains did not
      differ appreciably, or significantly, from the mean for the control strains. The
      19 control strains included 10 strains trisomic for autosomes other than 2, and 9
      euploid strains. Our estimate of the mean AchE activity in the control strains
      did not differ significantly from zero and might, in any case, have originated
      from a minute amount of activity contributed to the cells by an esterase in our
      culture medium. Despite the striking elevation of AchE activity in fibroblasts
      trisomic for chromosome 2, extracts of these cells had only about 1.5% of the
      specific AchE activity (per microgram DNA) present in extracts of human cerebral
      cortex. None of the 22 strains studied had detectable activity for two other
      enzymes which, like AchE, have a restricted distribution among human tissues:
      xanthine oxidase and choline acetyltransferase.

PMID- 694722
TI  - Mutations in the structural genes of CHO cell histidyl-, valyl-, and leucyl-tRNA
      synthetases.
AB  - Forty-three temperature-sensitive mutants were isolated in the CHO cell line by
      selecting for noncycling cells using [3H]TdR and cytosine arabinoside. Cell
      division was extremely temperature sensitive in eight of the mutants, and these
      were studied in more detail. In seven of these eight mutants, the in vitro
      specific activity of a single aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase was greatly reduced; four
      had reduced levels of histidyl-tRNA synthetase, two of valyl-tRNA synthetase, and
      one of leucyl-tRNA synthetase. Cell hybridization studies showed that the mutants
      formed three complementation groups. In six of the seven mutants the aminoacyl
      tRNA synthetase which had reduced activity was also more thermolabile than the
      wild-type enzyme. The spontaneous reversion frequency was low for these mutants,
      and in most cases could be increased by treatment with a chemical mutagen. The
      isolation of the valyl-tRNA synthetase mutant reported here brings to eight the
      number of different aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase mutants isolated in the CHO cell
      line.

PMID- 694723
TI  - Analysis of a method for selecting temperature-sensitive mutants of BHK cells.
AB  - A procedure for the isolation of temperature sensitive mutants of BHK cells is
      described. Mutagenized cells were synchronized in G1 by serum starvation at 33
      degrees, and, following release, shifted to 37.5 degrees in the presence of FUdR,
      to kill cells entering the DNA synthetic phase. Eight independently mutagenized
      series of cells were carried through four cycles of this selection, and surviving
      cells were tested for ability to grow at 33 degrees and 39.5 degrees after each
      cycle. The results suggest that such procedure is effective in enriching for non
      leaky ts mutants and favors the isolation of mutants which at 39.5 degrees are
      inhibited in the processes necessary for DNA synthesis and lose viability
      rapidly. The effectiveness of repeated selection cycles and the general
      characteristics of the ts mutants isolated by this method were also evaluated.

PMID- 694724
TI  - Genetic and biochemical characterization of mutants of CHO cells resistant to the
      protein synthesis inhibitor trichodermin.
AB  - Mutants resistant to the protein synthesis inhibitor trichodermin have been
      selected in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The mutants vary in their
      stability from those which rapidly lose their resistance to others which are
      relatively stable after prolonged growth in nonselective medium. Protein
      synthesis in extracts from the latter class of mutants (Trir) is resistant to the
      inhibitory action of trichodermin as compared to similar extracts from wild-type
      cells. After dissociation into subunits, the ability of the 60S ribosomal
      subunits from Trir cells to function in a protein-synthesizing system is greatly
      diminished. This subunit also shows reduced binding of [acetyl-14C]TRICHODERMIN.
      The lesion in Trir mutants therefore seems to have affected this ribosomal
      subunit. Trir X Tris hybrids are sensitive to trichodermin indicating that the
      Trir mutation behaves recessively to Tris in hybrids. The Emtr and Trir markers
      segregate independently from hybrid cells showing that the Trir mutation is
      probably not linked to the Emtr locus, which as we have shown earlier affects the
      40S ribosomal subunit.

PMID- 694725
TI  - Genetic analysis of tumorigenesis: I. Expression of tumor-forming ability in
      hamster hybrid cell lines.
AB  - Two new fibroblasts cell lines from a male Chinese hamster embryo are described:
      one tumorigenic in nude mice (CHEF 16-2) and the other not (CHEF 18-1). Both
      lines have a stable diploid mode and mean of 22 with 10 pairs of homologous
      autosomes. The cell lines differ unambiguously in cloning ability in
      methylcellulose, colony morphology, and tumorigenicity; the expression of these
      traits was examined in a set of 18-1 X 16-2 hybrid clones. The results show
      initial suppression of tumorigenicity and anchorage independence, followed by
      growth in the nude mouse of subsets of cells with chromosomes reduced to the
      diploid range. Further studies are in progress to establish whether ability to
      grow in methylcellulose and in the nude mouse segregate coordinately at the
      cellular level, and whether this segregation has an identifiable chromosomal
      basis.

PMID- 694726
TI  - Isolation and characterization of L-cell variants with altered sensitivity to
      glucocorticoids.
AB  - Stable glucocorticoid-resistant receptor-containing (R+) variants of L cells have
      been obtained and characterized. Five clones of such cells were obtained after
      chemical mutagenesis of the A9HT cell line. These clones and an additional,
      spontaneously resistant subclone of the LB82 cell line all contain glucocorticoid
      receptors which appear normal with regard to quantity, affinity for steroids, and
      in vivo localization in subcellular compartments. Somatic cell hybrids were
      formed between two of these R+-resistant clones, a previously isolated R
      resistant clone, and three different sensitive L cell parents. In no case was
      steroid resistance dominant. Thus, these resistant L cells appear to be
      candidates for complementation analysis. The R+-resistant clones may be hindered
      in as yet undefined steps of glucocorticoid action.

PMID- 694727
TI  - Gene expression in euploid human hybrid cells: ouabain resistance is codominant.
AB  - Single-step mutations to ouabain resistance have been induced in Lesch-Nyhan
      diploid fibroblasts carrying a variant G6PD isozyme (OuaR/HGPRT-/G6PDA). Two of
      these mutant strains, differing in the degree of ouabain resistance, were fused
      with wild-type human diploid fibroblasts (OuaS/HGPRT+/G6PDB) and hybrids isolated
      in doubly selective medium, ouabain + HAT (HOT). Four hybrids, identified by G6PD
      heteropolymers and stable tetraploid karyotypes, expressed ouabain resistance
      intermediate to that of the parents. The degree of ouabain resistance was
      influenced by the specific mutant allele of the OuaR parent, indicating both
      mutant and wild-type alleles are simultaneously expressed in hybrid cells.
      Intraspecific hybrids of this kind are especially suited to studies of gene
      regulation because all relevant genes present and the number of alleles at each
      locus is known.

PMID- 694728
TI  - Effect of intercellular communication on the selection of intraspecific human
      hybrids in HAT and ouabain.
AB  - Optimal conditions have been determined for selection of hybrids in HAT and
      ouabain (HOT) from the PEG-mediated fusion of OUAR/HGPRT-/G6PDA and
      OUAS/HGPRT+/G6PDB human diploid fibroblasts. In addition to the OUARHGPRT+G6PDAB
      tetraploid hybrids, several other types of HOT-resistant colonies were obtained
      from these fusions and identified by G6PD isozyme analysis and karyotyping as (1)
      hybrids contaminated with diploid parental cells, (2) symbiotic mixtures of the
      two types of parental cells, or (3) spontaneous OUAR mutants. The mechanism for
      parental cell growth in HOT is most likely the transfer of HAT resistance and/or
      ouabain resistance through gap junctions formed between resistant and sensitive
      cells.

PMID- 694729
TI  - Diphtheria-toxin-resistant mutants of CHO cells affected in protein synthesis: a
      novel phenotype.
AB  - Stable mutants highly resistant to the protein-synthesis-inhibitor diphtheria
      toxin have been selected in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Protein synthesis
      in extracts of mutant cells is resistant to the inhibitory action of diphtheria
      toxin, indicating that the lesion has affected the protein-synthesis machinery.
      However, about 50% of the elongation factor-2 (EF-2) activity in the mutant cells
      can still be ADP-ribosylated by diphtheria toxin, and this remaining EF-2
      activity is similar to that present in the wild-type cells. We suggest that this
      result is best explained by assuming that our CHO cells contain two functional
      copies of the EF-2 gene, and that only one of the copies is altered in the
      mutants. According to this view, the mutated allele produces EF-2 resistant to
      ADP-ribosylation which is capable of supporting cell growth in the presence of
      diphtheria toxin. Although the Dipr marker seems to act dominantly in the
      parental CHO cells, its behavior in Dipr X Dips hybrids (CHO X CHO) is recessive
      as measured by cell survival in presence of the toxin. This paradoxical behavior
      may be due to a gene dosage effect. Segregation studies from hybrids show that
      the Dipr marker segregates independently of the Emtr and Thgr markers indicating
      that the Dipr locus is not linked to either the Emtr locus or to the X
      chromosome.

PMID- 694730
TI  - Biological and biochemical effects of bromodeoxyuridine and deoxycytidine on
      Syrian hamster melanoma cells.
AB  - The addition of deoxycytidine (dCyd) to the growth medium of cultured Syrian
      hamster melanoma cells causes a reversal of the toxic effects of 5
      bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and a decrease in the extent of incorporation of BrdU
      into nuclear DNA. These effects of dCyd can be accounted for, in part, by the
      intracellular conversion of the exogenously supplied dCyd to thymidine (dThd)
      nucleotides which can compete with BrdU nucleotides for incorporation into DNA.
      To some extent, the conversion of dCyd to dThd nucleotides can be inhibited by
      increasing the concentration of BrdU in the growth medium. The conversion of dCyd
      to dThd nucleotides is inhibited completely by aminopterin (Apt), and Apt also
      prevents dCyd from reversing BrdU toxicity and from decreasing the level of BrdU
      incorporation into nuclear DNA. In a clone of Syrian hamster melanoma cells,
      increasing the concentration of dCyd in the growth medium from 1 micron to 1000
      micron resulted in a progressive increase in the percentage of dThd residues in
      nuclear DNA being derived from the exogenous dCyd, until more than 90% of the
      dThd residues came from the exogenous dCyd. However, despite the increasing
      amount of dThd derived from exogenous dCyd, there was a plateau in the decrease
      in BrdU incorporation into nuclear DNA at concentrations of dCyd above 8 micron.

PMID- 694731
TI  - Detection of lateral asymmetry in the C band of human chromosomes by BrdU-DAPI
      fluorescence.
AB  - A lateral asymmetry in the C-band region of human chromosomes is revealed by 4',6
      diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) fluorescence in amniotic cells grown for one
      replication cycle in the presence of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU). Short-arm
      segments and satellites of acrocentric chromosomes fluoresce as brightly with
      quinacrine as the distal part of the long arm of the Y chromosome, and also show
      a lateral asymmetry. This asymmetry appears to be correlated with highly
      repetitious DNA, including satellite fractions responsible for C-band staining,
      and may reflect an unequal distribution of thymine residues between the two
      polynucleotide chains of the DNA in the C-band region. The C-band region of
      chromosome 9 fluoresces brightly in both sister chromatids and appears to be
      symmetrical. This may be the result of multiple inversions in the C-band
      heterochromatic region.

PMID- 694732
TI  - Isolation of amiloride-resistant clones from dog kidney epithelial cells.
AB  - The diuretic drug amiloride has been used to select variants from the dog kidney
      cell line MDCK which are partially resistant to killing by the drug. Evidence is
      presented suggesting that resistance to killing by amiloride is conferred by
      decreased uptake of amiloride, which reduces the intracellular drug concentration
      below the toxic level.

PMID- 694733
TI  - Changing attitudes in the management of cancer of the breast.
AB  - Opportunity to assess changes in the management of cancer of the breast over the
      past 7 years was afforded by analysis of responses to questionnaires that were
      part of an annual questionnaire course. Comparison of responses to questionnaires
      conducted in 1971 and 1977 identified important features of approaches to this
      disease and indicated the way in which changes have occurred. Diagnostic needle
      aspiration increased from 24% (1971) to 54% (1977). In both surveys surgeons
      reported employing mammography infrequently. Use of modified radical mastectomy
      increased from 15% (1971) to 60% (1977). Employment of classical radical
      mastectomy decreased from 83% (1971) to 37% (1977). Surgeons considering biopsy
      of the contralateral breast to be unnecessary decreased from 47% (1971) to 14%
      (1977). Skin grafting, after a mastectomy, decreased from 40% (1971) to 24%
      (1977). Though oophorectomy is still the preferred initial treatment for
      premenopausal patients with advanced disease, preference for chemotherapy in
      postmenopausal patients increased from 5% (1971) to 23% (1977). Surgeons
      approving of reconstruction with implants after mastectomy for carcinoma
      increased from 30% (1971) to 49% (1977). Following mastectomy in patients with
      positive axillary nodes, 58% of our respondents employ chemotherapy with several
      drugs and 34% prefer irradiation.

PMID- 694734
TI  - Vagal innervation of the bypassed stomach following gastric bypass.
AB  - Gastric bypass, a 90% gastric exclusion, has been used successfully for surgical
      treatment of morbid obesity since 1967. Early concern as to its ulcerogenic
      potential has not materialized, but the physiological activity of the excluded
      stomach has not been studied fully. To determine whether the excluded segment
      retained any vagal innervation, 25 patients underwent preoperative Hollander
      tests of their intact stomachs. The test was repeated after operation, after the
      patients had resumed normal oral intake. Postoperative specimens were collected
      from a gastrostomy placed in the excluded stomach at the time of the gastric
      bypass. Percentage changes in volume and total acid for both the intact and
      excluded stomachs followed the same pattern with insulin injection after 45
      minutes at both testings, pH values were identical. These observations, which
      indicate vagal innervation of the excluded stomach, together with previously
      published histalog acid-response data and the observed marginal ulcer incidence
      of one per 193 years of patient follow-up, demonstrate that normal gastric
      physiology is maintained after bypass and confirm that it is not an ulcerogenic
      procedure.

PMID- 694736
TI  - Management of familial polyposis with preservation of the rectum.

PMID- 694735
TI  - The place of duodenal drainage studies in the diagnosis of pancreatic disease.

PMID- 694737
TI  - Increased oxygen consumption accompanying increased oxygen delivery with
      hypertonic mannitol in adult respiratory distress syndrome.

PMID- 694738
TI  - Cardiovascular risk factors in patients with peripheral vascular disease.
AB  - Cardiovascular risk factors in 566 patients with peripheral arterial disease
      undergoing major vascular operations were analyzed by chi-square analysis. There
      were 37 postoperative deaths, for a mortality rate of 8.5%. Cardiovascular
      complications were responsible for 23 deaths (62%). Five risk factors--congestive
      heart failure, prior myocardial infarction, prior stroke, arrhythmia, and
      abnormal electrocardiogram--showed significant individual associations with
      postoperative cardiovascular complications. A multivariate analysis of these five
      risk factors and angina led to the development of an equation which predicts the
      probability of a postoperative cardiovascular complication. The number of
      complications observed corresponded closely to that predicted by the equation.
      There was a significantly higher incidence of complications in patients predicted
      to be at high risk than in those at low risk.

PMID- 694739
TI  - The effects of malnutrition on variables of host defense in the guinea pig.
AB  - Studies were conducted in young guinea pigs to determine the effects of
      malnutrition on selected variables of host resistance. Malnutrition was produced
      differently in two experiments. In the first the quantity of a standard, normal
      diet was reduced progressively so that test groups were fed 25% less each week
      over a 4 week period. Control groups were fed ad libitum. In the subsequent
      experiment, animals were fed defined guinea pig diets containing 5%, 30%, and 60%
      casein, respectively, which were similar in caloric content, vitamins, and
      minerals. Measurements of phagocytic bactericidal activity, serum opsonization,
      serum IgG and C3 levels, and mitogenic response of lymphocytes were made at
      weekly intervals. Results obtained from both experiments were comparable. There
      was a significant decline in phagocyte function by the third week in malnourished
      animals while the numbers of phagocytes per milliliter of peritoneal washings
      were similar to controls at all time periods. A depression of serum opsonization
      was observed when animals became moribund even though serum IgG levels remained
      unchanged. Serum C3 levels in malnourished animals were significantly lower than
      controls. Mitogenic response of lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin was 85% lower
      in the 5% casein group after the third week. These results indicated that a
      marasmus-like condition and protein malnutrition depress critical functions of
      resistance.

PMID- 694740
TI  - Colonoscopy in patients with inflammatory colonic strictures.

PMID- 694741
TI  - Is arteriography necessary in the management of vascular trauma of the
      extremities?

PMID- 694742
TI  - Aneurysms of the renal artery: problems of prognosis and surgical management.
AB  - The clinical course of 29 patients bearing 36 renal artery aneurysms was
      reviewed. The majority of the lesions (30 of 36 or 83%) were detected
      incidentally in the course of angiographic examination, mostly in the study of
      peripheral atherosclerotic arterial disease. Twenty-five lesions 2.0 cm or less
      in diameter, treated conservatively and observed during a period of time of from
      1 to 17 years, remained clinically silent. In 10 patients (with 11 lesions)
      surgical treatment was employed. For eight patients the surgical treatment
      consisted of reconstructive excision and repair, with excellent results in all
      cases but one for a period of observation of from 1 to 17 years. In one patient
      aneurysmal dilatation of a vein bypass graft resulted in nephrectomy 2 years
      following operation. In the remaining two patients nephrectomy was required.
      Unless hypertension or pregnancy complicates the clinical picture, renal arterial
      aneurysms 1.5 cm or less in diameter can be observed safely by periodic
      angiography. Surgical repair of an aneurysm is recommended regardless of size if
      pregnancy cannot be avoided and hypertension is uncontrolled, and in aneurysms
      1.5 cm or less in diameter which show an increase in size. A number of
      reconstructive vascular procedures have proved successful. Ex vivo repair may be
      an organ-saving technical aid.

PMID- 694743
TI  - [Primary thrombophilia caused by antithrombin III deficiency].

PMID- 694744
TI  - [Functional state of the neutrophils in children with kidney diseases].

PMID- 694746
TI  - [Sepsis (problems of pathogenesis and treatment)].

PMID- 694745
TI  - [Clinical course and diagnosis of psychogenic dyspnea].

PMID- 694747
TI  - [Use of dosed physical exertion on a treadmill in mass preventive screening of
      the population].

PMID- 694748
TI  - [Characteristics of the clinical course of constrictive pericarditis and its
      hemodynamic analysis].

PMID- 694749
TI  - [Possibilities of rheoplethysmography in the control of the dynamics of fluid
      volumes in the thorax and shin and in the diagnosis of hypervolemia of the lesser
      circulation].

PMID- 694750
TI  - [Echocardiography in the diagnosis of idiopathic congestive cardiomyopathy].

PMID- 694751
TI  - [Characteristics of changes in the function of external respiration and central
      hemodynamics in patients with bronchial asthma during an attack of suffocation].

PMID- 694752
TI  - [Intravital diagnosis of rupture of the interventricular septum in a patient with
      myocardial infarct of the left and right ventricles and interventricular septum].

PMID- 694753
TI  - [Pre-infarct condition].

PMID- 694754
TI  - [Recurrent myocardial infarct in women].

PMID- 694755
TI  - [Use of strophanthin in the acute period of myocardial infarct (study of
      hemodynamics)].

PMID- 694756
TI  - [Determination of the degree of sonoluminescence of blood plasma in myocardial
      infarct].

PMID- 694757
TI  - [Partial syndrome of premature excitation of the heart ventricles and its role in
      the pathogenesis of cardiac arrhythmia].

PMID- 694758
TI  - [Results of the use of various psychotropic drugs in the treatment of chronic
      forms of ischemic heart disease under polyclinical conditions].

PMID- 694759
TI  - [Problems of diagnosis of pre-infarct condition].

PMID- 694760
TI  - [Clinico-pathomorphological parallels in myocardial infarct against the
      background of hypertension in middle-aged and old patients].

PMID- 694761
TI  - [Pericarditis in malignant tumors].

PMID- 694762
TI  - [Evaluation of the state of microcirculation in chronic circulatory
      insufficiency].

PMID- 694763
TI  - [Long-term use of cardiac glycosides under ambulatory conditions].

PMID- 694764
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of jaundice in thyrotoxicosis and viral hepatitis].

PMID- 694765
TI  - [Morphofunctional changes in the liver and biliary tract in brucellosis].

PMID- 694766
TI  - [Cardiac function in chronic cholecystitis].

PMID- 694767
TI  - [Various problems of treatment of amebic liver diseases].

PMID- 694768
TI  - [Materials on approbation of diagnostic criteria in disseminated connective
      tissue diseases].

PMID- 694769
TI  - [Changes in cellular immune reaction to streptococcal antigen in acute
      rheumatism].

PMID- 694770
TI  - [Evaluation of diagnosis of acute pneumonia at the pre-hospital stage].

PMID- 694771
TI  - [Broncholithiasis syndrome in patients with calcinosis of the pulmonary hili].

PMID- 694772
TI  - [Value of the subcutaneous of pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 694773
TI  - Investigation of the effect of hydroxyurea on the cell cycle and the development
      of necrosis in the embryonic CNS of mice.
AB  - On day 10 of gestation pregnant mice (strain NMRI) were given an intravenous
      injection of 500 mg/kg Hydroxyurea (HU). Simultaneously either 5 muCi/g or 10
      muCi/g 3H-thymidine (3H-Tdr; specific activity 5Ci/mmol) was administered to the
      animals. At various times after treatment embryos and electron microscopy. Two
      hours after administration of HU condensations of the chromatin structure could
      be detected electron microscopically in some cells. Thirty minutes later the
      nucleolus became smaller and denser, the cytoplasm shrank, and the cell
      organelles moved closer together. Three hours after application of the drug break
      down of the involved cells set in. As in the autoradiograms about 98% of the
      counted necroses were labelled, and since labelled thymidine is almost
      exclusively incorporated during the S-phase, it can be stated the HU influences
      only metabolic processes which take place during the S-phase. From the
      morphological findings it can be concluded that in the case of the S-phase
      specific metabolic pathway, which is influenced by HU, we are primarily dealing
      with DNA synthesis.

PMID- 694774
TI  - Multifactorial threshold concept.

PMID- 694775
TI  - Effects of salicylamide and protein restriction on the skeletal development of
      the rat fetus.
AB  - Salicylamide has previously been shown to be teratogenic to the rat. Aims of the
      present study were to examine separate effects and interactions of salicylamide
      administration and protein restriction on development of the rat fetus. In
      experiments using Holtzman rats,the percentage of fetal resorptions was
      significantly increased by drug treatment and by protein restriction.
      Malformations were seen in fetuses from dams given the drug from the fifth to
      eleventh days of gestation; the inicdence of these malformations being
      independent of the diet. Factors affecting appearance of ossification centers
      included drug dosage, placental and fetal weight and litter size. Protein
      restriction had no significant effect on the development of centers of
      ossification. It is concluded that salicylamide, as well as protein restriction,
      produces adverse effects on pregnancy outcome in the rat.

PMID- 694776
TI  - Aortic aneurysm associated with cardiac defects in theophyline stimulated chick
      embryos.
AB  - Theophylline(1 ml 0.02 M in 0.15 M saline) was administered to embryonic chicks
      (Hamburger-Hamilton developmental stages 24.27). The drug was topically applied
      to the surface of the chorioallantoic membrane in the vicinity of the embryonic
      heart. At necropsy, 63% (44/70) of the theophylline-exposed embryos demonstrated
      an aneurysm in the ascending aorta. Among the cases exhibiting aortic aneurysm,
      48% (21/44) of the embryos demonstrated ventricular septal defects. Four cases of
      truncus arteriosus were also observed. The morphogenesis and mechanism of
      theophylline-induced cardiac defects with accompanying aortic aneurysm may be
      related to the development of the conotruncal region of the heart.

PMID- 694777
TI  - Teratogenic and cytogenetic effects of some plant-derived antitumor agents
      (vincristine, colchicine, maytansine, VP-16-213 and VM-26) in mice.
AB  - The teratogenic effects of three new plant-derived antitumor agents, maytansine,
      VP-16-213 and VM-26, were compared to the effects of vincristine and colchicine
      in pregnant Swiss albino mice that received a single ip injection of drug on day
      6, 7 or 8 of gestation. Cytogenetic studies were also performed using maternal
      bone marrow and embryos obtained 48 hours after injection of maytansine,
      vincristine, VP-16-213, VM-26 and colchicine on day 6, 7 or 8 of gestation. A
      close correlation between teratogenic and cytogenetic effects was not noted among
      the compounds tested. Vincristine had greater embryotoxic and teratogenic
      activity than maytansine at equimolar doses (0.36 mu moles/kg), with the peak
      effects appearing after injection on day 7 of gestation. Colchicine, VP-16-213
      and VM-26 were comparatively less potent than maytansine and vincristine, since
      doses of 2.5 mu moles/kg (colchicine and VP-16-213) and 1.5 mu moles/kg (VM-26)
      were required to elicit embryotoxic effects. At their teratogenic doses, all
      compounds induced various cranial abnormalities including exencephaly,
      hydrocephalus, anophthalmia and microtia, as well as major skeletal
      malformations. The teratogenic dose of vincristine is comparable to its effective
      antitumor dose in transplantable rodent tumor systems; in contrast, the
      teratogenic dose of maytansine in approximately 10-fold higher than its antitumor
      dose. Of the compounds studied, VP-16-213 and VM-26 exerted the most consistent
      cytogenetic effects in embryonic tissue. Alarge proportion of the structural
      chromosome aberrations induced in embryonic cells by VM-26 were stable and are
      most likely capable of surviving at least one cell division.

PMID- 694778
TI  - Teratogenic potential of blighted potato concentrate in rabbits, hamsters, and
      miniature swine.
AB  - Freeze-dried preparations of potatoes infected with phytophthora infestans or
      Alternaria solani were fed to pregnant hamsters, rabbits, and miniature swine. No
      evidence was observed that these diets or the extracts of respective blights were
      capable of producing teratologic effects in hamsters. Lesions of neurulation and
      anencephaly were noticed in rabbits and swine, respectively. The need for further
      pharmacological and toxicological evaluation in sensitive species is emphasized.

PMID- 694779
TI  - Limb anomalies produced by 2,2'-dipyridyl in rats.
AB  - The teratogenicity of 2,2'-dipyridyl (DIP), a chelator for ferrous iron, was
      investigated by administration of single dose of 60 or 75 mg/kg intraperitoneally
      to pregnant SD rats on days 11.5-14.5. Fetuses examined on day 21 were decreased
      in weight, and had defects chiefly in the limb. The type and incidence of limb
      defects differed according to day of treatment. Digital malformations in the
      forelimb and long-bone defects in the hindlimb were produced with high incidence
      by treatment on day 12.5, and the frequency of digital malformations in the
      hindlimb was increased by treatment on day 13.5. Light and electron microscopic
      examinations revealed the delay of mesenchymal condensation and destruction of
      mesenchymal cells in the forelimb bud in the early stage after day 12.5
      treatment. The normal increase of DNA, protein, collagen and glycosaminoglycan
      contents in the forelimb bud was markedly inhibited by the treatment. The
      incorporation activities for [14C]proline and [14C]glucosamine of the forelimb
      bud were reduced to 50-60% of the control. These results indicate that DIP has
      potent teratogenic and cytotoxic effects on the development of the rat limb bud.

PMID- 694780
TI  - Limb development in mouse embryos. II. Reduction defects, cytotoxicity and
      inhibition of DNA synthesis produced by cytosine arabinoside.
AB  - Various morphological and biochemical parameters were used to study the mode of
      interference by cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) in critical phases of embryonic limb
      development. Inhibition of embryonic DNA synthesis occurred immediately after
      injection of Ara-C into the mother. The inhibition was dose-dependent and was
      substantial even after the nonteratogenic dose (2 mg/kg) of Arc-C. The pattern of
      limb bone deficiencies in Ara-C treated fetuses was specific for each
      developmental stage at which the treatment was given; the site of affect moved
      distalwards along the limb as the development advanced. The teratogenic dose was
      cytotoxic to mesenchymal cells with a high proliferation rate but did not affect
      others such as the future cartilage cells in which the rate of proliferation was
      lower. The existence of this differential susceptibility at each stage of
      development, together with information about the pattern of bone defects at the
      same stage, permitted us not only to define with some precision the cellular
      basis of origin of limb defects but also to infer the relative level of cell
      differentiation pertaining to each successive stage. Deoxycytidine, if injected
      simultaneously with and at doses eight times larger than Ara-C, afforded
      virtually complete protection against teratogenic effects. Deoxycytidine also
      prevented cell death in the  limbs of Ara-C treated embryos. However, a dramatic
      increase in the frequency of polydactyly was found in the protected fetuses. The
      fact that the frequency of ectrodactyly in the protected fetuses decreased in
      inverse proportion to the frequency of polydactyly strengthened the notion that
      there may be a common cellular basis underlying these two types of digital
      defects. Striking changes were found in the structure of AER at 24 hours after
      Ara-C treatment; it was abnormally thickened into a gland-like structure and its
      inner edge facing the mesenchyme thickened into a gland-like structure and its
      inner edge facing the mesenchyme was thrown into several folds. This may
      constitute a response to impairment in the underlying mesenchyme with which AFR
      has long been considered to have an interdependent relationship.

PMID- 694781
TI  - On sorting out Poole's paper "Stochastic difference equation predictors of
      population fluctuations" about the Box-Jenkins analysis and forecasting of
      ecological time series.

PMID- 694782
TI  - A stochastic model of a temperature-dependent population.

PMID- 694783
TI  - Ages, extinction times, and first passage probabilities for a multiallele
      diffusion model with irreversible mutation.

PMID- 694784
TI  - Theoretical aspects of sexual selection: a generalized model of mating behaviour.

PMID- 694785
TI  - A reexamination of stability in randomly varying versus deterministic
      environments with comments on the stochastic theory of limiting similarity.

PMID- 694786
TI  - Homozygosity in three-allele populations.

PMID- 694787
TI  - Random evolutionarily stable strategies.

PMID- 694788
TI  - [Psyche and soma--spirit and matter].

PMID- 694789
TI  - [Equivalency of the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of the allopurinol
      specialty Cellidrin].

PMID- 694790
TI  - [Plantago ovata as a laxative].

PMID- 694791
TI  - [Notes from the 90th Northwest German congress for Internal Medicine
      (proceedings)].

PMID- 694792
TI  - [Echnaton and monotheism].

PMID- 694793
TI  - [Suicide and jurisprudence].

PMID- 694794
TI  - A question of morality.

PMID- 694795
TI  - Anatomy of the coronary arteries in transposition of the great arteries and
      methods for their transfer in anatomical correction.
AB  - For the success of anatomical correction of transposition of the great arteries
      (TGA) it is essential to transfer the coronary ostia to the posterior vessel
      without undue tension, torsion, or kinking of the proximal coronary arteries or
      their early branches. This requires thorough understanding of the different modes
      of origin and early branching of the coronary arteries in TGA. Based on
      observations made during anatomical correction, a classification of the coronary
      arteries in TGA is suggested. In type A the right and left coronary ostia arise
      from the middle of the right and left posterior aortic sinuses and curve forwards
      to reach the right atrioventricular groove or anterior interventricular groove
      respectively. In type B both coronary arteries arise by a single ostium, while in
      type C the two coronary ostia are situated posteriorly, very close to each other,
      in a position similar to that in type B. The origin of the coronary arteries in
      type D is similar to that of type A. However, the right coronary artery gives
      origin to the circumflex coronary artery that curves round the posterior
      (pulmonary) vessel to reach the atrioventricular groove. In type E the right
      coronary artery arises in common with the left anterior descending artery from
      the left posterior sinus, while the circumflex artery arises separately from the
      right posterior sinus. Three techniques for the transfer of the different types
      of coronary arteries during anatomical correction are described.

PMID- 694796
TI  - Is bird fancier's lung associated with coeliac disease?
AB  - Precipitin responses to different avian serum antigens occur in bird fancier's
      lung (BFL) and coeliac disease. Failure to distinguish between them could
      encourage an erroneous diagnosis of BFL in patients with coeliac disease, and the
      recent suggestion that these two disorders are strongly associated may be
      questioned, partly for this reason. In the present study small bowel biopsy
      specimens were obtained from 12 of a series of 14 patients proved to have BFL by
      inhalation provocation tests. None was suggestive of coeliac disease. Of a
      further 61 patients with biopsy-proved coeliac disease, seven were found to be
      exposed currently and 33 formerly to birds. As a result of clinical evaluation,
      BFL was considered a possible cause of undue breathlessness reported by three of
      the current bird fanciers only, and all underwent inhalation provocation tests.
      One alone gave positive results. We conclude that if a real association does
      exist between these two disorders, its clinical importance has been greatly
      exaggerated.

PMID- 694797
TI  - The cardiorespiratory response to exercise in thoracic scoliosis.
AB  - Twenty-six subjects with thoracic scoliosis due to various causes have been
      investigated. They all performed a progressive exercise test under standardised
      conditions, and their maximum oxygen uptake (VO2 max), blood gases, and
      ventilatory and heart rate responses were observed. The VO2 max was significantly
      below normal and was proportional to the forced expiratory volume in one second
      (FEV1) and maximum exercise ventilation (VE max). Exercise was limited by
      ventilatory factors in 80% of the subjects who exercised maximally. VE max was
      diminished, but the dyspnoeic index was normal. The minute ventilation (VE) at
      any given VO2 was about 20% greater than normal. This hyperventilation taken with
      the low VE max explains why exercise is usually ventilation-limited in these
      subjects. Tidal volume (VT) increased linearly with ventilation until VT max was
      reached. The tidal volumes at any given ventilation were less than normal, but
      when expressed as a percentage of vital capacity (VC) they were above normal. The
      heart rate increased more rapidly than normal, but this appears to be a
      physiological result of the small muscle mass of these subjects and not a
      pathological response.

PMID- 694798
TI  - Hypercalcaemia and hypokalaemia in tuberculosis.
AB  - In two patients with extensive pulmonary tuberculosis who developed
      hypercalcaemia and hypokalaemia the hypercalcaemia appeared related to the use of
      small doses of vitamin D, which suggested patients with tuberculosis were
      hypersensitive to vitamin D. They were thus similar to patients with sarcoidosis,
      and it is interesting that the Kveim test result was positive in both cases. The
      hypercalcaemia was quickly suppressed with steroids. Hyperparathyroidism,
      thyrotoxicosis, Addison's disease, and multiple myeloma were excluded on clinical
      grounds and by the appropriate tests. The hypokalaemia was associated with
      increased renal excretion of potassium, and was probably due to distal tubular
      damage from hypercalcaemia.

PMID- 694799
TI  - Management of penetrating stab wounds of the chest: an assessment of the
      indications for early operation.
AB  - Haemothorax, haemopneumothorax, and pneumothorax were the most common
      complications in 85 patients with penetrating stab injuries of the chest. These
      complications were amenable to conservative treatment by aspiration or drainage
      of the pleural space. Immediate operation was indicated in 30 cases. Indications
      for surgery were haemorrhage from a major systemic or pulmonary vessel or the
      heart, cardiac tamponade, diaphragmatic penetration, oesophageal and bronchial
      tears, and sucking chest wounds. The need for immediate operation was clinically
      obvious at presentation in most cases. It should have been suspected from the
      situation of the entry wound, the nature of the weapon used, the size of the
      haemothorax, and the clinical findings in the others. All 11 deaths occurred in
      that group in which early operation was indicated, and some could have been
      averted had the need for operation been suspected early. Seven patients developed
      an empyema; five were in the group that required immediate surgery and in the
      other two infection occurred in a clotted haemothorax. Early repair of the
      associated visceral injuries and complete evacuation of a haemothorax, either
      fluid or clotted, could reduce the incidence of empyema.

PMID- 694800
TI  - Bronchodilatation after inhalation of the antihistamine clemastine.
AB  - H1 receptor blocking antihistamines administered by mouth have not found a clear
      place in the management of bronchial asthma. We investigated the possibility that
      higher concentrations of these drugs, administered directly to the bronchial
      tree, might produce bronchodilatation. Twelve asthmatic patients inhaled aerosols
      generated from solutions of clemastine (0.05%), salbutamol (0.5%), and placebo.
      Bronchodilatation was assessed by changes in the forced expiratory volume in one
      second (FEV1) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) over four hours. Both
      clemastine and salbutamol caused significant bronchodilatation. The mean maximum
      percentage increases in FEV1 for clemastine and salbutamol were 21.1% and 29.2%
      respectively. The mean maximum percentage increases in PEFR were 31.2% and 35.2%
      respectively. There was no significant difference in the maximum
      bronchodilatation produced by the two drugs. Clemastine, when administered by
      aerosol inhalation, appears to be an effective bronchodilator.

PMID- 694801
TI  - Diaphragm and body weight in emphysema.
AB  - The weight of the diaphragm has been investigated in 103 male patients and 81
      female patients, and the relationship between body weight and emphysema has been
      assessed in 662 male and 431 female patients. Diaphragm weight is related to body
      weight in both male (r = + 0.76) and female patients (r = +0.77) and is
      relatively larger in the former. Dissecting the diaphragm free of fat or freeze
      drying it does not appreciably improve the relationship between body weight and
      diaphragm weight. Diaphragm weight is better related to body weight than body
      length and is diminished in emphysema. Patients with emphysema weigh less. This
      is apparent with only moderate grades of emphysema, and there is no further loss
      of body weight as emphysema in the lung becomes more severe. The loss of
      diaphragm weight not only reflects the loss of body weight that occurs in
      emphysema, but the diaphragm is also less in weight than predicted from body
      weight. The diaphragm also appears abnormal on gross inspection in some patients
      with emphysema. Heart weight and diaphragm weight are related, probably because
      both are related to body weight.

PMID- 694802
TI  - Closing volume during normal pregnancy.
AB  - Serial lung function studies were performed in ten healthy, primiparous women
      aged 21--28. Measurements were made at two-monthly intervals during pregnancy and
      included functional residual capacity (FRC), total lung capacity (TLC), vital
      capacity (VC), specific conductance (SGaw) and closing volume (CV) on each
      occasion. Closing volume expressed as formular: (see text), showed a progressive
      rise during pregnancy in all subjects with a linear relationship to time (P less
      than 0.001, P greater than 0.01, respectively). No consistent changes in lung
      volume could be shown during pregnancy over the study period. It is suggested
      that the increase in closing volume during pregnancy might result in
      abnormalities of distribution of ventilation sufficient to explain the maternal
      blood gas disturbances of pregnancy.

PMID- 694803
TI  - Pulmonary and systemic aneurysms in a case of widespread arteritis.
AB  - A patient in whom asthma preceded the development of multiple pulmonary and
      systemic artery aneurisms died after dissection of the aorta. At necropsy he was
      found to have widespread arteritis of unknown aetiology affecting many large and
      medium-sized pulmonary and systemic vessels as well as a few microscopic ones.
      Endarteritis obliterans was present in some of the vasa vasorum. The clinical and
      histopathological findings are discussed in relationship to other known causes of
      arteritis, and it is concluded that this condition has not previously been
      described.

PMID- 694804
TI  - Prolonged circulatory support with the intra-aortic balloon pump after myocardial
      infarction.
AB  - Circulation was supported by intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation for 30 and 38
      days respectively in two patients with cardiogenic shock after acute myocardial
      infarction. One was flown 1400 km to Cape Town for heart transplantation but died
      after being weaned from the pump while awaiting a suitable donor. The other
      underwent successful surgical closure of a ruptured ventricular septum on the
      30th day, allowing time for the edges of the ventricular septal defect to
      fibrose. Neither significant damage to circulating blood elements nor infection
      occurred, confirming the feasibility of prolonged circulatory support.

PMID- 694805
TI  - A method of managing cervicomediastinal tracheal strictures.

PMID- 694806
TI  - Staged bilateral lobectomy for synchronous bilateral squamous cell carcinoma of
      lung.
AB  - The history, diagnosis, and treatment by staged bilateral lobectomy of
      synchronous bilateral squamous cell carcinoma of the lung occurring in a 61-year
      old man is presented. Histological diagnosis of pulmonary lesions suspected of
      being carcinomas should always be obtained, and extrathoracic metastasis should
      be excluded by all available means before planning treatment. The side showing
      evidence of greater malignancy on histology, or the one with the larger
      carcinoma, should be operated on first. Conservative, staged, bilateral resection
      is recommended.

PMID- 694807
TI  - Adjunct treatment with yoga in chronic severe airways obstruction.
AB  - Eleven patients with severe chronic airways obstruction were given training in
      yogic breathing exercises and postures. A matched group of 11 patients were given
      physiotherapy breathing exercises. Both groups of patients were followed up at
      monthly intervals for nine months with pulmonary function tests, tests of
      exercise tolerance, and inquiry into their symptoms. After training in yoga the
      mean maximum work increased significantly by 60.55 kpm; whereas no such rise
      occurred after training in physiotherapy. This objective improvement was
      associated with symptomatic improvement in a significantly higher number of
      patients given training in yoga.

PMID- 694808
TI  - Excision of tricuspid valve with later replacement in endocarditis of drug
      addiction.
AB  - Staphylococcal endocarditis in a drug addict was controlled only after excision
      of the tricuspid valve. Total absence of the tricuspid valve was tolerated well
      for 18 months, at which time deteriorating liver function prompted the insertion
      of a bioprosthetic valve into the tricuspid ring. The haemodynamic and clinical
      results after two years of follow-up have been excellent.

PMID- 694809
TI  - Giant fibromyxoma of the parietal pleura.
AB  - A 23-year-old Nigerian man with a giant (8.5 kg) benign intrathoracic fibromyxoma
      presented in respiratory distress with what looked clinically and radiologically
      like a massive left-sided pleural effusion. The correct preoperative diagnosis
      was suggested by an almost 'dry tap' together with a solid resistance to the
      aspiring needle at chest aspiration. Complete removal was successfully
      accomplished through an extended left thoracotomy. The pathology, clinical
      features, and treatment of localised pleural fibromas are briefly discussed.

PMID- 694810
TI  - Infected intralobar sequestrated lung as a cause of bacterial endocarditis.

PMID- 694811
TI  - Aneurysm of internal mammary artery.
AB  - A fusiform non-sclerotic aneurysm of the left internal mammary artery was found
      in an otherwise healthy young woman. Aneurysms such as this seem to be extremely
      rare since no published case could be found.

PMID- 694812
TI  - An original technique for surgical stabilisation of traumatic flail chest.
AB  - The treatment of chest wall injuries with severe paradoxical movement remains
      controversial. Intermittent positive-pressure respiration may be appropriate, but
      in some, especially those requiring exploratory thoracotomy for a visceral
      lesion, surgical fixation is desirable. We present a simple method using two or
      three stainless Kirschner wires placed in the chest wall. Results in five cases
      have been good.

PMID- 694813
TI  - Asthma--contrasts in care.

PMID- 694814
TI  - Ultrastructural hemostasis in response to vascular injury induced by intrauterine
      devices in human endometrium.

PMID- 694815
TI  - Effect of cigarette smoking upon in vivo platelet function in man.

PMID- 694816
TI  - Affinity chromatography of soluble fibrin in human plasma on insolubilized
      fibrinogen and fragment D.

PMID- 694817
TI  - A quick method for the determination of decarboxyfactor X.

PMID- 694818
TI  - A method for measuring collagen-induced platelet aggregation.

PMID- 694819
TI  - The effect of ALG on coagulation and fibrinolysis.

PMID- 694820
TI  - Substrate activation in the thrombin-catalyzed hydrolysis of synthetic esters of
      arginine.

PMID- 694821
TI  - The amino acid sequence of the carboxy-terminal 142 amino acids of the alpha
      chain of human fibrinogen.

PMID- 694822
TI  - Anti-thrombotic action of ticlopidine, a new platelet aggregation inhibitor.

PMID- 694823
TI  - Factor IX activator content of normal and factor XI deficient serum.

PMID- 694824
TI  - Method for the determination of plasminogen which discriminates between native
      and degraded plasminogen.

PMID- 694825
TI  - A rapid slide test for the determination of plasma fibrinogen using ristocetin.

PMID- 694826
TI  - The mechanism of the fibrinogen-thrombin reaction.

PMID- 694827
TI  - Role of plasma proteins in the interaction of human platelets with particles.

PMID- 694828
TI  - Procoagulant and defibrinating potency of the venom gland extract of Thelotornis
      kirtlandi.

PMID- 694829
TI  - A comparative study of low doses of heparin and a heparin analogue in the
      prevention of postoperative deep vein thrombosis.

PMID- 694830
TI  - Effect of hydrocortisone on the elimination of fibrin from the pulmonary vessels
      in the rat.

PMID- 694831
TI  - Activation of plasma coagulation in vivo by epinephrine and platelet release
      reaction. An experimental study in the dog.

PMID- 694833
TI  - Amplification of color yield of chromogenic substrates using p
      dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde.

PMID- 694832
TI  - Assay for plasma heparin using a synthetic peptide substrate for thrombin:
      introduction of the fluorophore aminoisophthalic acid, dimethyl ester.

PMID- 694834
TI  - Location of factor VIII coagulant activity in relation to factor VIII related
      antigen after rapid two-dimensional immunoelectrophoresis.

PMID- 694835
TI  - Effect of heparin and thrombin on platelet adherence to the surface of rabbit
      aorta.

PMID- 694836
TI  - The influence of lithium and calcium ions on the aggregation of human blood
      platelets.

PMID- 694837
TI  - The presence of high and low molecular weight forms of factor VIII in heparinized
      plasma.

PMID- 694838
TI  - C1-inactivator-resistant fibrinolytic activity in plasma euglobulin fractions:
      its relation to vascular activator in blood and its role in euglobulin
      fibrinolysis.

PMID- 694839
TI  - Stimulation of platelet surface sialyltransferase activity by platelet
      aggregating agents.

PMID- 694840
TI  - Factor IX in warfarin treated patients.

PMID- 694841
TI  - The determination of prothrombin using synthetic chromogenic substrates; choice
      of a suitable activator.

PMID- 694842
TI  - Anticoagulant effects of autoprothrombin II-A and prothrombin fragment 1.

PMID- 694843
TI  - Ticlopidine - an antiplatelet drug: effects in human volunteers.

PMID- 694844
TI  - Evidence that ADP hydrolysis by human cells is related to thrombogenic
      potential1.

PMID- 694845
TI  - Glycosaminoglycan inhibition of collagen induced platelet aggregation.

PMID- 694846
TI  - Assay of platelet factor 4(PF4) using synthetic thrombin substrates.

PMID- 694847
TI  - A glycoprotein I defect in the platelets of three patients with severe cirrhosis
      of the liver.

PMID- 694848
TI  - Antithrombin III immunoelectrophoretic pattern in DIC.

PMID- 694849
TI  - On the origin of leukocyte procoagulant activity.

PMID- 694850
TI  - [The future of the house call].

PMID- 694851
TI  - [The housecall--past or future?].

PMID- 694852
TI  - [Neoplasms in children. Types of neoplasms and results of treatment in a personal
      series and in 3 Norwegian counties].

PMID- 694853
TI  - [Tumor of the papilla of Vater].

PMID- 694854
TI  - [Classification of corticosteroid drugs for dermatologic use].

PMID- 694856
TI  - [Ectopic thymus].

PMID- 694857
TI  - [Diagnosis of myocardial infarct by means of creatine kinase isoenzymes].

PMID- 694855
TI  - [Tardive dyskinesia after long-term treatment with flupenthixol].

PMID- 694858
TI  - [Treatment of liver metastases by hepatic artery ligation and regional infusion
      of cytostatic drugs].

PMID- 694859
TI  - [Insect allergy].

PMID- 694860
TI  - [Inhalation therapy with aerosols in infants with bronchial asthma].

PMID- 694861
TI  - [The ambulance helicopter].

PMID- 694862
TI  - [Isolation departments for patients with infectious diseases].

PMID- 694863
TI  - [The need for isolation of patients in the hospital].

PMID- 694864
TI  - [Computerized tomography of the kidney].

PMID- 694865
TI  - [Viral diseases and pregnancy].

PMID- 694866
TI  - [Double pylorus. 2 cases of ulcerogenous antro-bulbar fistula].

PMID- 694867
TI  - [Percutaneous transhepatic portography].

PMID- 694868
TI  - [Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography].

PMID- 694869
TI  - [Vincristine therapy in refractory thrombocytopenia].

PMID- 694870
TI  - [Autogenic training in general practice].

PMID- 694871
TI  - [Diaper rash].

PMID- 694872
TI  - [Tissue necrosis caused by careless injection of cytostatic agents].

PMID- 694874
TI  - [Medical aspects on ambulance helicopters with medical crew].

PMID- 694873
TI  - [Drug therapy of rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 694875
TI  - [Tissue antigens and bacterial infection (author's transl)].
AB  - Rejection of tissue- and organ-grafts is due to the existence of tissue- or
      transplantation-antigens which are present in principle on every nucleated body
      cell. These tissue antigens represent the phenotypical expression of a complex
      system of genes which are localized on an autosomal chromosome: the
      histocompatibility system. These systems may usually be compared with bloodgroup
      systems. Besides the successful use of tissue typing in transplantation, it
      became apparent that histocompatibility systems may have another function. Among
      others, tissue typing may be correlated with resistance to and susceptibility to
      particular diseases. However, it is not clear so far whether tissue antigens play
      a role themselves or only serve as genetic markers in this regulation of the
      immune response. The two possibilities are introduced, together with some
      instances. Finally, on the basis of possible veterinary and economic importance,
      studies on histocompatibility systems in pets and farm animals are reviewed, a
      number of possible uses being suggested.

PMID- 694876
TI  - [Nalidixic acid intoxication in two pregnant bitches (author's transl)].
AB  - To ensure prolonged survival, dogs with cyclic neutropenia should be protected
      against bacterial infection of exogenous or endogenous origin, particularly
      during the neutropenic episodes. One of the methods available to minimize the
      risk of infection in these dogs, is selective decontamination of the
      gastrointestinal tract by using antibiotics and/or chemotherapeutic agents, in
      conjunction with housing in a laminar-flow cabinet. Two pregnant bitches, some of
      the offspring of which were expected to be homozygous for the cyclic neutropenia
      allele, were decontaminated with nalidixic acid. Fourteen days after initiation
      of the antibacterial treatment, the two dogs died. Jaundice and seizures had been
      apparent in both animals prior to death. Histopathological examination revealed
      changes primarily in the liver, which were consistent with toxic hepatic necrosis
      and were characterized by severe centrilobular haemorrhage and disappearance of
      hepatocytes. Multiple haemorrhages were observed in other organs. Further
      clinical investigation in two other dogs strongly suggested that nalidixic acid
      was the cause of death in the two pregnant bitches.

PMID- 694877
TI  - [Degeneration of the head of the femur in poultry (author's transl)].

PMID- 694878
TI  - [Type B botulism in cattle, caused by feeding grass silage. Report of a case
      (author's transl)].
AB  - An outbreak of type B botulism in cattle, caused by feeding grass silage, is
      reported. The clinical features were completely identical with those in cases of
      type B botulism, which occurred when abnormal brewers' grains were fed. 36.5
      mouse LD50 type B toxin was found to be present in each gramme of grass silage,
      the bacterial count being 10(4) Cl. botulinum type B per gramme.

PMID- 694879
TI  - [Practical meat inspection: provisional approval yes or no?].

PMID- 694880
TI  - [Studies on the possibility of producing broilers free from Salmonella (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The results of the present study show that the only method by which broilers
      could be reared free from Salmonella would be to adopt a number of radical
      measures at the same time. These measures include the production of Salmonella
      free one-day chicks, decontaminating the feed, thorough cleansing and
      decontamination of the houses and preventing the introduction of Salmonella from
      the environment. Adopting separate measures was found to have a very slight
      effect.

PMID- 694881
TI  - [Malformation of laminae omasi in cattle (author's transl)].
AB  - Ten bovine omasa showing more or less deformed laminae omasi are described and
      classified into two groups: one group (I) without and one (II) with
      macroscopically perceptible inflammation. The possibility that groups II and I
      are two successive stages of the same process in which necrotizing inflammation
      plays an important role, is pointed out. The malformation of the bovine omasum
      described in the literature as aplasia or hypoplasia, bears a resemblance to the
      malformation in group I, and, in this case, necrotizing inflammation also was the
      probable cause.

PMID- 694882
TI  - [Shoulder fractures in dogs (author's transl)].

PMID- 694883
TI  - [Tetralogy of Fallot in a Belgian foal (author's transl)].

PMID- 694884
TI  - [The effects of dairy conditions on the cell count variation of milk].

PMID- 694886
TI  - [(Sub-)luxation of the shoulder joint in the dog (author's transl)].

PMID- 694885
TI  - [Use of radiography in the diagnosis of atrophic rhinitis (author's transl)].
AB  - In 126 gilts of the Netherlands Landrace breed and eighty-one gilts of the Large
      Yorkshire breed, slaughtered when they had attained a weight of 100 kg.,
      radiography of the nasal cavities was carried out, followed by post-mortem
      studies of these cavities. Macrocopic examination of the transverse section at
      the level of the first premolar tooth showed that the incidence of atrophy as
      well as of hypertrophy of the turbinate bones was higher in pigs of the Large
      Yorkshire breed than it was in those of the Landrace breed. The ventral coils of
      the ventral conchae were most commonly affected in the two breeds. When the X
      rays were assessed using the system suggested by Done (3), a discrepancy between
      the X-rays and the post-mortem findings was observed in a large number of cases.
      Possible causes of this discrepancy are discussed. The results do not warrant the
      development of a radiographic technique which can be used in field conditions in
      the Netherlands to examine the nasal cavities in establishing a diagnosis of
      atrophic rhinitis.

PMID- 694887
TI  - [Findings on infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (author's transl)].
AB  - Findings on infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) since this disease was
      diagnosed for the first time in the province of Gelderland in 1973, are reported.
      The clinical picture varies markedly, unmistakable symptoms are followed by a
      period of impaired health in a number of cases. There is no evidence to suggest
      that this impaired state of health is due to the causative virus of IBR. The
      number of infected herds is constantly increasing and is currently estimated at
      approximately 20 per cent. The disease also shows an increasing incidence in veal
      calf herds. Intranasal vaccination will afford adequate protection of other
      members of the herd in the event of IBR but the immunity produced is short-lived.

PMID- 694888
TI  - [The purchaser's veterinarian and latent defects (author's transl)].
AB  - When the purchaser of an animal is dissatisfied with the animal bought, the
      question may arise whether the animal has any latent defect. The purchaser's
      veterinarian should see to it that he retains the initiative in this matter so
      that he can calmly and carefully decide whether a certificate of latent defect
      can or cannot be issued. The various possibilities are reviewed.

PMID- 694889
TI  - [Breeding for health: a plea for a health certificate for cattle].

PMID- 694890
TI  - [Survey of the incidence of Dictyocaulus arnfieldi infections in donkeys in the
      Netherlands (author's transl)].
AB  - The results of an investigation into the incidence of Dictyocaulus arnfieldi in
      donkeys in the Netherlands show that 51 per cent excrete larvae in the faeces.
      This infection was not detected in animals under five months. The proportion of
      infected animals did not increase with age. However, the level of excretion was
      found to increase with age. There was no correlation between the excretion of
      lungworm larvae and pulmonary symptoms.

PMID- 694891
TI  - [Coarctation of the aorta: surgical management in infancy--results in 72 patients
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Early and late results of a total of 72 infants operated for coarctation of the
      aorta are reported. Operative repair included various methods (End-to-End,
      Vossschulte, Clagett, Shumaker, Waldhausen, Blalock). Isolated coarctation was
      present in 6 infants, 17 also had patent ductus arteriosus, 39 patients had
      additional associated cardiac anomalies, part of which were combined with PDA.
      Out of the 72 infants 17 died (early mortality: 11, late mortality: 6). The
      highest mortality rate was found among the 0 to 3 months age group (11 patients).
      Fourteen out of the 17 deceased patients had additional cardiac anomalies. Out of
      the 55 survivals, 37 patients showed good results, restenosis was found in 13
      patients, 5 patients had to be reoperated due to severe restenosis.

PMID- 694892
TI  - [Corrected transposition of the great arteries: surgical treatment of associated
      cardiac defects (author's transl)].
AB  - Corrected transposition of the great arteries is often associated with other
      cardiac anomalies. We report our experience with the correction of the associated
      cardiac defects in 13 cases: ventricular septal defect with pulmonary
      hypertension (5 cases), ventricular septal defect with obstruction of pulmonary
      outflow tract (5 cases), obstruction of pulmonary outflow tract (2 cases), ostium
      primum defect (1 case). The possible surgical approaches for repair of the
      cardiac anomalies are described and the results of the operative correction are
      communicated. Precise diagnosis, the knowledge of the unusual disposition of the
      conducting tissues and new surgical approaches are prerequisite for successful
      correction.

PMID- 694893
TI  - [Hemodynamic long-term evaluation after total correction of tetralogy of fallot
      operated upon as adults (author's transl)].
AB  - 22 Fallot patients who had surgery after 21 years of age were thoroughly checked
      on an average of 11 years postoperatively. The mean functional classification
      according to the New York Heart Association was 1.5. Hemodynamic studies revealed
      excellent results. The mean systolic gradient across the pulmonary valve (delta
      p) was 14 mm Hg at rest and 31 mm Hg during exercise. The data assessed during
      exercise show that one cannot truly speak of a "total correction". Right
      ventricular systolic and enddiastolic pressures were elevated as well as the
      enddiastolic and endsystolic volumes. Right ventricular ejection fraction was
      significantly diminished (45%). Our results show that there was no significant
      difference between the patients with or without an outflow tract patch. Pulmonary
      insufficiency apparently bears no negative influence on long-term prognosis up to
      11 years postoperatively in patients operated for tetralogy of Fallot.

PMID- 694894
TI  - [Surgical treatment of active infective endocarditis (author's transl)].
AB  - Between 1965 and 1976 40 patients underwent valve replacement for active,
      infective endocarditis. The overall mortality rate was 32,5 per cent. Six
      patients died early (within 30 days) and 7 within the following 8 years. 11
      patients developed paravalvular leckage. Eight of these 11 patients required
      reoperation. We suggest that all patients with active infective endocarditis who
      develop progressive heart failure, intractable sepsis or recurrent embolization
      should be subject to immediate valve replacement despite higher operative risk.

PMID- 694895
TI  - [Three years experience with biological heart valve prostheses (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Increasing clinical experience has led to a world wide expansion of
      glutaraldehyde fixed aortic heterografts for valve replacement in patients. The
      distinct advantage of this valve is a very low rate of thrombembolic
      complications during the postoperative course. In our hospital 324 such
      prostheses of the types Hancock and Carpentier have been implanted in 290
      patients. In 154 cases follow-up 6 months to 3 years after the operation have
      been obtained. Thrombembolic complications occured in 1,4%. Other postoperative
      complications were hepatitis (13,4%), and valvular endocarditis (1,5%).
      Postoperative control of patients after isolated mitral or aortic valve
      replacement revealed improved clinical conditions in 90,9%. Dysfunctions of the
      valve have not been observed. For aortic valve replacement prostheses of a
      diameter of 27 and 29 mm have been used. In mitral and tricuspid position
      generally size 31 mm and 33 mm valves were implanted. The decision to use
      glutaraldehyde fixed biological valves requires the observation of long time
      results demonstrating reliable mechanical stability of such valves for some
      decades.

PMID- 694896
TI  - Long term clinical and haemodynamic evaluation of the Ionescu-Shiley pericardial
      xenograft heart valve.
AB  - The experience with the Ionescu-Shiley pericardial xenograft used for heart valve
      replacement over a period of 7 years has demonstrated, in both the aortic and
      atrioventricular position, excellent long term clinical and haemodynamic results.
      There were very few valve related complications and none occurred with valves
      manufactured since May 1976 by Shiley Laboratories. The long term durability of
      the glutaraldehyde stabilised pericardial xenografts was demonstrated by a
      rigorous and complete clinical follow-up as well as by histological and
      haemodynamic investigations. Valve thrombosis or calcification have not been
      encountered in this series. The embolic rate has been very low in both the aortic
      and mitral positions in the absence of long term anticoagulant treatment. The
      superior haemodynamic performance of this valve, even in very small sizes,
      represents an additional advantage and makes it particularly suitable for use in
      patients with narrow aortic root and in children. The very good results obtained
      with the pericardial xenograft fully justify its continued clinical use in the
      aortic, mitral and tricuspid positions.

PMID- 694897
TI  - [Surgical treatment of massive pulmonary embolism. (Reported of 45 successful
      embolectomies inclusive 10 with Trendelenburg's technic) (author's transl)].
AB  - 45 pulmonary embolectomies have been carried out successfully, 10 by
      Trendelenburg's procedure, 35 with extracorporeal circulation. The latter method
      gives satisfactory results (34 survivals out of 36 attempts since 1970) and
      appears to be the procedure of choice. Any pulmonary trauma should be avoided at
      operation; embolectomy is done by intra-vascular suction. The hemodynamic status
      was always abnormal: 5 initial cardiac arrests, 20 cases of severe shock (9
      demonstrating cardiac arrest on the operating table) and 11 cases with less
      severe shock. In 9 cases cyanosis, respiratory distress and signs of acute cor
      pulmonale were the clinical features of the massive embolus. In 9 patients the
      operation was performed after an unsuccessful trial of thrombolysis. Preoperative
      pulmonary angiography could be performed in 30 cases and always showed extensive
      pulmonary vascular obstruction of 60 to 95 per cent. These data are important for
      diagnosis and for assessment of the prognosis. Despite of present medical
      treatment with fibrinolytics, surgery is still advisable in the treatment of
      massive pulmonary embolism. The indications are moribund patients, those in whom
      thrombolysis is contraindicated or unsuccessful and those with massive pulmonary
      obstruction (greater than 60 per cent). In this latter subset thrombolytic
      therapy carries a high level of mortality.

PMID- 694898
TI  - [Surgical therapy of postinfarct tachyarrhythmia (author's transl)].
AB  - Thirteen patients with ventricular tachyarrhythmias after myocardial infarction
      underwent surgery at the heart wall or at the coronary vessels. Ten of these
      patients had an aneurysm of the anterior wall or akinesia of the anterior wall
      which in some cases was associated with stenosis of the right coronary artery or
      of the circumflex artery. One patient showed an isolated stenosis of the right
      coronary artery. One patient died from recurrent ventricular fibrillation during
      hospitalization, another patient died from reinfarction 4 months later. All the
      other patients could be discharged and were improved significantly.

PMID- 694899
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of stenoses of the large airways by means of lung
      function tests (author's transl)].
AB  - The different pathophysiological mechanisms involved in producing airflow
      obstruction at different sites in the tracheobronchial tree enable their
      differentiation by means of pulmonary function tests. These tests include volume
      time measurements at forced in- and expiration, flow-volume measurements forced
      in- and expiration and flow-pressure measurements in the bodyplethysmograph
      during quiet breathing. In 23 patients with localized stenosis of the central
      tracheobronchial tree (12 with extra-thoracic tracheal stenosis, 4 with
      intrathoracic tracheal stenosis and 7 with main bronchus stenosis) the following
      parameters proved to be of diagnostic value: In the differential diagnosis of
      intra-extra-thoracic tracheal stenosis the forced in-expiratory flow-volume
      curve, in main bronchus stenosis the plethysmographically obtained flow-pressure
      curve with a large phase lag at zero flow ("trapped air"). In extreme cases the
      qualitative analysis of the spirogram in connection with the static lung volumes
      can be diagnostic.

PMID- 694900
TI  - [Laryngeal release for tracheal resection (author's transl)].
AB  - Mobilization of the larynx resulting in a 2 to 2.5 cm gain of length can be used
      in tracheal resection as an alternative to more extensive procedures within the
      thorax with their specific complications. In the method of Dedo and Fishman the
      cranial insertions of the thyrohyoid muscle are resected, the thyrohyoid membrane
      is divided and the two horns of the thyrohyoid cartilage are cut. Difficulties in
      swallowing may persist for long periods of time but usually can be overcome. In
      the suprahyoideal method of Montgomery the cranial muscle-insertions at the hyoid
      are divided and the hyoid bone is transsected leaving the small and large horns.
      Disturbances of swallowing are not to be expected with this method. Likewise
      postoperative tube-feeding is not required. The suprahyoid method probably is to
      be preferred.

PMID- 694901
TI  - [The transmediastinal pleurotomy (author's transl)].
AB  - A new surgical method is presented, the transmediastinal pleurotomy. With this
      technique it is possible to explore the opposite lung from a standard thoracotomy
      and to perform diagnostic or therapeutic resections in suitable cases. So far we
      have performed 20 transmediastinal pleurotomies without any complications.

PMID- 694902
TI  - [Assessment of preserving resections in broncho-pulmonary carcinoma (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Postulating that sufficient radicality in operative treatment of all forms of
      broncho-pulmonary carcinoma is only guaranteed by lobectomy or pneumonectomy 80%
      of the patients will be inoperable due to anatomical or functional reasons. From
      the surgical and technical point of view this number can hardly be changed.
      However, functional limits could be overcome by the use of segmental or
      subsegmental methods of resection in adequate cases of tumor localization. 88
      patients, who had segmental or subsegmental resection more than five years ago
      were reinvestigated. Out of these patients, one had died postoperatively, 43% had
      died of their primary tumor disease and 17% of other diseases. 40% had survived
      the follow-up period. 60% of our patients with tumor stage T1N0 were still alive
      after 3.5 years. Considering the lack of alternative treatment limited lung
      resection can be of real advantage when applied critically.

PMID- 694903
TI  - [Behavior of ldh and its isoenzymes after cardiac surgery (author's transl)].
AB  - The degree of intraoperative myocardial injury was determined in two groups
      undergoing different methods of myocardial protection by observing the LDH and
      its isoenzymes up to the 11th postoperative day. Both groups consisted of
      patients who underwent mitral- and aortic-valve replacement. In the first group
      myocardial protection consisted of Kirsch cardioplegia (2) combined with
      conventional coronary perfusion in cases of aortic-valve replacement. In the
      second group the same initial cardioplegic procedure was followed by the
      noncorpuscular, hypothermic and aerobic coronary perfusion by Bleese and Doring
      (1). No difference was noted among the mitral valve patients. During the 11 days
      postoperative period, the aortic valve patients in the first group demonstrated a
      significantly higher LDH activity than the mitral-valve cases whereas LDH
      activity of aortic-valve patients in the second group resembled that of the
      mitral valve cases. Since the length of extracorporal circulation and ischemia
      did not vary significantly, the LDH behavior in the aortic-valve cases of the
      first group may be explained by the inferiority of the myocardial protection
      method used. In comparison with the other methods conventional coronary perfusion
      resulted in more myocardial injury.

PMID- 694904
TI  - Tuberculosis associated with HLA--B8, BfS in a Newfoundland community study.
AB  - In three adjacent Newfoundland communities comprising some 1500 people, 589
      people have been HLA typed. Forty-six of the typed people gave a history of
      previous clinical tuberculosis which required treatment. Fifty-six percent of the
      TB patients carried HLA B8 compared with 20% of the remainder of the population.
      This is a highly significant difference (P less than 0.01). In each community the
      frequency of B8 as an epidemiological marker correlated with the incidence of
      tuberculosis. B8 is associated with TB in ths study with a relative risk of 5.2
      which compares with combined relative risks in the literature for coeliac disease
      and Addison's disease of 9.5 and 6.4, respectively, and which is greater than the
      risks for all the other B8-related diseases. The factor B allele, Bf S, was found
      on all the B8 haplotypes, but the overall Bf gene frequencies in tuberculosis
      patients did not deviate from expected values.

PMID- 694905
TI  - HLA--Bw54 (Bw22-J, J-1) antigen in juvenile onset diabetes mellitus in Japan.
AB  - HLA--B8 and/or Bw15, associated with juvenile onset insulin-dependent diabetes
      mellitus (JDM) in Caucasians, have a very low frequency in the Japanese
      population. Thus, we were interested in investigating the association between JDM
      and HLA antigen in a Japanese population. Eighty-nine patients with JDM and 128
      unrelated random controls were HLA-typed by the microlymphocytotoxicity test. The
      data revealed a significant, positive association between this type of diabetes
      mellitus and HLA--Bw54 (Bw22-J, J-1) antigen (Japanese-specific split antigen of
      HLA--Bw22).

PMID- 694906
TI  - HLA--D typing in 72 psoriasis vulgaris patients: distribution of seven HLA--D
      alleles.
AB  - The phenotype distribution of seven HLA--D alleles among 72 unrelated Psoriasis
      vulgaris patients was investigated. Statistically significant deviation from the
      antigen frequency in healthy donors was found for a new HLA--D allele, locally
      designated EI, with a relative risk value of 5.97. This observation indicates
      that Psoriasis vulgaris belongs to the group of diseases with associations to HLA
      -B as well as HLA--D alleles.

PMID- 694907
TI  - HLA--B27 homozygosity in ankylosing spondylitis: relationship to risk and
      severity.
AB  - The observed frequency of apparent homozygotes for HLA--B27 (15.5%) was
      significantly greater than the estimated expected frequency (4.2%) among 58 B27
      positive Caucasian patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) (P less than
      0.0005). Search of the literature uncovered four other studies in each of which
      the frequency of apparent homozygotes was shown by our analysis to be greater
      than expected. These analyses indicated that B27 homozygotes are more susceptible
      to developing AS than are B27 heterozygotes. Comparison of the clinical features
      of AS showed no differences between heterozygotes and apparent homozygotes except
      for a higher frequency of involvement of peripheral joints in the latter group.

PMID- 694908
TI  - Anti-H-2Dd antibodies cross-react with HLA--A11 and Aw31.
AB  - Significant correlation was found between the cytotoxicity scoring grade (CSG) of
      an alloimmune mouse anti--H--2Dd serum with the presence of HLA--A11 and HLA-
      Aw31 on human lymphocytes. The finding shows a new type of H--2/HLA cross
      reactivity and a hitherto unknown relationship (XENO-CREG) between two HLA
      antigens.

PMID- 694909
TI  - Idiopathic hemochromatosis: linkage with HLA.
AB  - Forty-eight unrelated patients with idiopathic hemochromatosis were found to have
      a significantly higher frequency of three HLA antigens (A3, B7 and B14) than 591
      healthy controls. A significant association between HLA haplotypes and disease
      segregations was demonstrated in 14 family studies. A recessive inheritance of a
      strongly A3-linked disease gene responsible for abnormal iron stores in the
      heterozygote state is postulated. The lod score value (4.415 for theta = 0.025)
      is compatible with this hypothesis. However, the excess of HLA-identical pairs of
      affected sibs does not exclude the possibility of a pseudo-recessiveness due to
      two codominant genes both HLA-linked. For the first time, a means of screening
      for high risk subjects is available and therefore offers the possibility of a
      preventive approach.

PMID- 694910
TI  - HLA association studies in black sarcoidosis patients.
AB  - The frequencies of HLA antigens were determined in 32 black sarcoidosis patients
      and in 89 normal black controls. Aw23 was found in 23.6% of controls as compared
      with a lower frequency (6.2%) in patients (P = 0.06). No other associations were
      found.

PMID- 694911
TI  - HLA typing in familial renal carcinoma.

PMID- 694912
TI  - HLA and disease susceptibility.

PMID- 694913
TI  - The major histocompatibility complex of chimpanzees: identification of several
      new antigens controlled by the A and B loci of ChLa.
AB  - The serology and genetics of 17 serologically defined tissue antigens of
      chimpanzees is described. Analysis of their distribution in 200 unrelated
      chimpanzees and their segregation in a large number of chimp families suggests
      that 14 of the antigens are controlled by two closely linked loci: seven by the A
      and seven by the B locus of ChLA. Typing of chimpanzees with human alloantisera
      revealed that several of those A and B locus antigens of ChLA are the chimp's
      serological counterparts of A and B locus antigens of the human HLA system,
      respectively. One of the newly discovered chimp antigens may be defined by a
      "third series" of ChLA, most likely the chimp's analogue of the human HLA-C
      series. The probable existence of a ChLA-linked D locus of chimpanzees and
      similarities between D-locus and Ia-locus (DRw) antigens of chimpanzee and man,
      are also briefly discussed.

PMID- 694914
TI  - HLA in systemic lupus erythematosus: influence on severity.
AB  - Forty-four patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were classified as
      mild or more severe on the basis of renal biopsy changes and the degree of
      proteinuria. The HLA phenotype A2 plus B7 was associated with the mild cases,
      while A1 plus B8 was associated with more severe disease. These findings suggest
      that immunogenetic factors are important in determining the severity of SLE and
      that combinations of HLA-A and -B locus antigens may be significant in HLA
      disease associations.

PMID- 694915
TI  - Individual mice of one inbred strain produce anti-H-2 and anti-HLA antibodies of
      different specificities.
AB  - During the course of a routine H-2 alloimmunization, individual mice within a
      group of inbred animals produced anti-MHS antibodies of differing specificities.
      These different antibody populations were directed against various but probably
      cross-reacting components of complex HLA and H-2 gene products.

PMID- 694916
TI  - High prevalence of HLA-B27, Cw1 and Cw2 in patients with seronegative
      spondyloarthritis.

PMID- 694917
TI  - Urinary excretion of antidiuretic hormone under various hydration states in man.

PMID- 694918
TI  - Fragmentation of human albumin with proteolytic enzymes and its antigenicity with
      special reference to human-specificity.
AB  - Human albumin prepared by the trichloroacetic acid method was treated with
      bromelin, ficin, papain, pronase or trypsin. Pronase- or trypsin-treated albumin
      showed four fragments on polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis. When rabbit
      antiserum to pronase-treated albumin was adsorbed with monkey albumin, antibody
      with human specificity was completely abolished, whereas anti-albumin serum
      adsorbed with pronase-treated albumin retained the antibody to human albumin. It
      was considered that antigenic site with human specificity in albumin structure
      was inactivated by pronase.

PMID- 694919
TI  - Pathology of malignant nephrosclerosis with special reference to the difference
      between histologic manifestations of pure and exacerbated forms.
AB  - Fourteen autopsied cases of malignant nephrosclerosis were classified into 6 of
      pure form in which syndrome of malignant hypertension developed from the
      beginning of the disease, and 8 of exacerbated form with appearance of the
      syndrome in the course of essential hypertension. Pathohistological study of
      these cases elucidated the differences in histologic manifestations between pure
      and exacerbated forms of malignant nephrosclerosis as to which little had been
      known as yet. In the pure form arterioles and small arteries characteristically
      demonstrated acute or recent lesions such as fibrinoid necrosis and hemorrhage
      into intima, and intimal cellular hyperplasia of somewhat longer duration,
      whereas in the exacerbated form coexistence of vascular lesions of various
      intensities and durations, acute (fibrinoid necrosis and hemorrhage),
      intermediate (intimal cellular hyperplasia) to chronic (sclerosis and lamellar
      elastosis), and superposition of more recent vascular lesions on more advanced or
      older ones were noted. Superposition of vascular alterations was interpreted to
      be not necessarily specific for exacerbated form but histologic manifestation of
      recurrence which is liable to be the case more frequently in exacerbated form
      than in pure form in the longer course of essential hypertension or of malignant
      hypertension. Some other related problems were also considered and discussed.

PMID- 694920
TI  - Risk of systemic infections associated with umbilical vessel catheterization.
AB  - The purpose of the present study is to determine the risk of infections
      associated with umbilical vessel catheterization. During a period of recent four
      years, 97 catheters were inserted into the umbilical vessels of 94 newborn
      infants in a newborn nursery. Thirty percent of the catheter tips were colonized
      upon removal with pathogens (11%) and contaminants. The rate of catheter
      colonization was not dependent on sex, gestational age, birth weight and duration
      of catheterization. Bacteria were isolated from blood specimen drawn via the
      catheter upon removal in one patient, but blood sample from peripheral artery and
      catheter tip yielded no organisms in this patient. One patient (1%) was found to
      be septicemic while the catheter was in place. Culture of the catheter tip and
      blood drawn via the catheter proved unreliable in the diagnosis of subsequent
      systemic infection. Judicious surveillance for systemic infection by peripheral
      blood culture is necessary.

PMID- 694921
TI  - Elevated plasma renin activity in patients with acute pyelonephritis.
AB  - Thirty-three patients with acute pyelonephritis were studied with regard to the
      changes in plasma renin activity (PRA) along the clinical course of the disease.
      1) Abnormally high PRA was found in 64% of patients in the active stage of acute
      pyelonephritis; they showed a decrease in urinary output of sodium, a reduction
      in creatinine clearance, and high indices of inflammatory activity. 2) The
      changes of PRA in the course of acute pyelonephritis were negatively correlated
      to the urinary sodium excretion and creatinine clearance, but positively to the
      activity of inflammation, serum sodium concentration and the number of E. coli in
      the urine. PRA returned to normal with the improvement of pyelonephritis. 3)
      Concerning the mechanism of hyperreninemia in the active stage of the disease,
      the following three factors may be considered; renal ischemia, negative sodium
      balance in the body, and inflammation. Of these, the negative sodium balance
      seems to be the most important. The patients could not take enough foods to
      maintain their energy and sodium balance because of fever and pain. 4) The
      significance of resting PRA in acute pyelonephritis might be to reflect the
      sodium status in the body, but not to be related to hypertension.

PMID- 694922
TI  - Alterations in surface glycoproteins and level of sialyltransferase activity of
      human embryo kidney cells infected with oncogenic adenovirus type 12.
AB  - Human embryo kidney (HEK) cells infected with adenovirus type 12 and its
      cytocidal mutants (Cyt) synthesized different glycoproteins respectively on the
      cell surface at the early stage of infection. Furthermore, a less and a highly
      tumorigenic Cyt mutants synthesized different glycoproteins. The level of
      sialyltransferase activity in the microsomes of HEK cells was increased when
      cells were infected with adenovirus type 12. It was confirmed that there was a
      positive correlation between the sialyltransferase activity in the microsomes and
      tumorigenicity.

PMID- 694923
TI  - Skin porphyrin and UV-A irradiation.

PMID- 694924
TI  - Immediate changes of the electroencephalograms after intravenous injection of
      clonazepam and their relation to its effect on clinical fits in children with
      minor seizures.
AB  - Immediate EEG changes after intravenous administration of clonazepam and a
      correlation between the EEG changes and the effect of oral administration of the
      drug were studied in 21 children with minor seizures whose interictal EEG showed
      a paroxysmal abnormality. In 13 cases of infantile spasms whose EEG showed
      hypasrhythmia, paroxysmal discharges were completely or remarkably suppressed in
      4 cases, partially suppressed in 3 cases, but not improved in 6 cases.
      Suppression bursts pattern was less improved. In 5 cases of Lennox syndrome,
      paroxysmal discharges were markedly improved in 3 cases. In a case of petit mal
      absence, parxoxysmal discharges were completely suppressed. In all 5 cases whose
      EEGs were completely improved, paroxysmal discharges reappeared 7 to 30 min after
      the intravenous injection. In 2 out of the 5 cases, paroxysmal discharges became
      severer at reappearance than before the injection. Among 12 cases whose EEG
      showed an improvement after the intravenous injection, their clinical seizures
      were improved in 9 cases, but the clinical effect was mostly transient. In the
      majority of the cases whose EEGs were not improved, no clinical effect was
      observed. There was a highly significant correlation between immediate EEG
      changes and clinical effect of clonazepam (p less than 0.02 by the chi-square
      test).

PMID- 694925
TI  - Autopsy findings in a case of acute paraquat poisoning with extensive cerebral
      purpura.
AB  - An autopsy case of paraquat poisoning in an adult male died on the 6th day of
      intoxication was presented. Histological and electron microscopic observations
      demonstrated interstitial pneumonia with distinct interstitial fibrosis and the
      initial stage of alveolar fibrosis with coexisting edema and hyaline membrane
      formation. Striking hemorrhagic leukoencephalopathy, i.e. 'purpura cerebri,' was
      noted throughout the central nervous system involving almost exclusively the
      white matter. It consisted of focal hemorrhages of various stages accompanied by
      demyelinating processes of various extent. Globular and/or amorphous
      proteinaceous materials of uncertain nature were demonstrated in the vascular
      lumina throughout the brain.

PMID- 694926
TI  - Effect of anticonvulsant therapy on serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level.
AB  - Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in young patients receiving anticonvulsants were
      assayed. They had neither retardation of physical and psychomotor development nor
      malnutrition. The patients treated with phenobarbital alone revealed rather high
      levels of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D during 2 months after institution of the
      therapy, then they gradually returned to the normal level by the end of 3 to 5
      months and thereafter decreased further, while a marked decrease of serum 25
      hydroxyvitamin D levels was observed in patients receiving combined
      anticonvulsant (phenobarbital, diphenylhydantoin and others) therapy even during
      1 to 2 months after initiation of the treatment. Our results suggest that the
      patients who have combined anticonvulsant therapy will have more tendency to
      suffer from osteomalacia than those who have phenobarbital alone.

PMID- 694927
TI  - Inhibition of the electrical and mechanical activities of the intestinal smooth
      muscle by pentagastrin.
AB  - Spontaneous electrical activity of the intestine smooth muscle of the cat
      consisted of slow waves and spikes. The spike activity and the slow wave
      generation were inhibited by pentagastrin and tetragastrin. Phasic contraction
      corresponding with the electrical activity was also abolished by pentagastrin and
      tetragastrin. Adrenaline showed the inhibitory action on the spike activity and
      phasic contraction, but slow waves persisted against adrenaline. Propranolol
      depressed this inhibitory action produced by adrenaline, while it did not block
      the inhibitory action by pentagastrin. The inhibitory effect of pentagastrin was
      not influenced by caffeine or theophylline. Imidazole depressed slightly the
      inhibitory action of pentagastrin. Verapamil inhibited the spike activity.
      Additional application of pentagastrin after verapamil produced further
      inhibition of both slow wave generation and phasic contraction. These results
      suggest that the inhibitory action produced by pentagastrin on the electrical and
      mechanical activities is directly on the smooth muscle cell membrane mediated
      through a mechanism other than via beta-receptors. It is also suggested that the
      primary action of pentagastrin is to inhibit the generation of slow waves of the
      intestinal smooth muscle.

PMID- 694928
TI  - Serum vitamin B12 levels of patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - To elucidate the role of vitamin B12 in the formation of anemia in patients with
      rheumatoid arthritis serum B12 levels were investigated in patients with
      rheumatoid arthritis, patients with osteoarthritis and normal subject. Serum B12
      level in patients with rheumatoid arthritis was significantly higher than that in
      patients with osteoarthritis and normal subjects. Serum B12 level increased in
      proportion to Steinbrocker's stages, and was related more closely to hemoglobin
      concentration than to erythrocyte count and had a high correlation with alpha1-
      and alpha2-globulin.

PMID- 694929
TI  - Absorption of 5-fluorouracil through gastric epithelium.
AB  - We examined the amount of 5-Fu absorbed through the gastric epithelium after oral
      administration in both dogs and patients with bladder tumors. The concentrations
      of 5-Fu in the serum, bladder wall, tumor mass and regional lymphnodes were
      sufficiently high to suppress the growth of tumor cells.

PMID- 694930
TI  - The effect of lead on oxidative hemolysis and erythrocyte defense mechanisms in
      the rat.

PMID- 694931
TI  - Uptake, distribution, and effects of carbon tetrachloride in rainbow trout (Salmo
      gairdneri).

PMID- 694932
TI  - Lithium-induced acute renal failure in the rat.

PMID- 694933
TI  - Functional nephrotoxicity of gentamicin in the rat.

PMID- 694934
TI  - Aminopyrine disposition: a sensitive index of acetaminophen-induced
      hepatocellular damage.

PMID- 694935
TI  - Failure of hypoactive hypertrophic smooth endoplasmic reticulum to produce
      cholestasis in rats.

PMID- 694936
TI  - Acute toxicity of polychlorinated dibenzofurans in CF-1 mice.

PMID- 694937
TI  - Selective changes in tyrosine transport by isolated choroid plexus exposed to
      inorganic lead.

PMID- 694938
TI  - Lipid peroxidation in isolated rat hepatocytes: relationship to toxicity of CCl4,
      ADP/Fe3+, and diethyl maleate.

PMID- 694939
TI  - Concentrations of nitrate in normal human urine and the effect of nitrate
      ingestion.

PMID- 694940
TI  - The effect of phenobarbital and carbon tetrachloride on fatty acid content and
      composition of phospholipids from rat liver.

PMID- 694941
TI  - The influence of cholinergic blockade on the uptake of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid
      by isolated human placental villi.

PMID- 694942
TI  - Effects of Ba2+ and Cd2+ on convulsive electroshock sensitivity and 45Ca
      distribution in brain subcellular fractions in mice.

PMID- 694943
TI  - The comparative short-term mammalian toxicology of phenarsazine oxide and
      phenoxarsine oxide.
AB  - Phenoxarsine oxide (PXO) and phenarsazine oxide (PZO) are organic arsenicals used
      as industrial biocides. The acute LD50 (in mg kg-1) for PZO was 83 (rat) and 77
      (guinea pig) and for PXO 40 (rat) and 24 (guinea pig). PXO was more irritant to
      the gastrointestinal tract. Liver pathology did not occur in PZO-guinea pigs, but
      PZO was more hepatotoxic than PXO in rats. The acute inhalation L (ct)50 values
      were 12830 mg min m-3 for PXO and 13650 mg min m-3 for PZO in guinea pigs; death
      was due to asphyxia. The guinea pig acute L(ct)50 given as a divided dose over 30
      days to guinea pigs and rats did not produce toxic signs, but mononuclear cell
      infiltration of the portal tracts occurred. PXO and PZO were found to be primary
      skin and eye irritants; PXO produced more severe effects. The no-effect
      concentration for keratitis with solutions was 0.25% PZO and 0.1% PXO; both
      compounds caused concentration dependant transient increases in intraocular
      pressure, the proportionate increases being significantly greater with PXO. Thus,
      although PXO and PZO are equitoxic by acute inhalation, PXO is more toxic orally
      and more irritant to the skin, eye and gastrointestinal tract but PZO is more
      hepatotoxic.

PMID- 694944
TI  - A short term peroral study of the food colour, Ponceau 6R in pigs.
AB  - Ponceau 6R (the tetrasodium salt of 1-(4-sulpho-1-naphthyl-azo)-2-naphthol-3,6,8
      trisulphonic acid) was fed to pigs at dietary levels of 0 (control), 100, 500 and
      1500 mg/kg body wt./day for 102--105 days. In the 1500-mg group a decrease in
      weight gain and food utilization was seen, and 1 pig died with a hemolytic
      anaemia. Dose dependent discolouration was seen of the connective tissue in the
      groups given 1500 and 500 mg/kg body wt. For this effect the no-effect-level was
      100 mg Ponceau 6R/kg body wt. per day.

PMID- 694945
TI  - Treatment and prothrombin responses during warfarin toxicosis in rats and mice.
AB  - Efficacy of whole blood, vitamin K-3 and vitamin K-1 treatment during warfarin
      feeding was investigated in rats and mice. Prolonged prothrombin times were
      observed in mice after 9--12 h of warfarin feeding. Prothrombin times greater
      than 300 sec were consistently observed in mice on continuous warfarin feeding
      and receiving whole blood or vitamin K-3 treatment. Withdrawal of warfarin
      resulted in normal prothrombin times after 96 h in mice receiving no treatment,
      48--72 h on whole blood and 48 h in mice treated with 72 mg vitamin K-3/kg of
      body wt./day. Marked protection against warfarin induced hypoprothrombinemia and
      mortality occurred in mice treated with 5 mg vitamin K-1/kg/day. Treatment with
      72 mg vitamin K-1/kg/day resulted in rapid alleviation of hypoprothrombinemia and
      prolonged protection against warfarin toxicosis. Intraperitoneal administration
      of 72 mg/kg/day of vitamin K-1 or vitamin K-3 were not toxic to mice. Mortality
      was consistently higher in mice given warfarin continually and in those receiving
      the greater number of treatments. Frequent handling appears to aggrevate warfarin
      toxicosis.

PMID- 694946
TI  - Some chemical properties of the venom of the rattlesnake, Crotalus viridis
      helleri.

PMID- 694947
TI  - Effect of beta-bungarotoxin on acetylcholinesterase activity and ultrastructure
      of the skeletal muscle isolated from the chick embryo.

PMID- 694948
TI  - Deoxyribonucleases of the Oriental hornet (Vespa orientalis) venom--II. Partial
      characterization and effects in vivo on insects and mammals.

PMID- 694949
TI  - Isolation and characterization of three hemorrhagic factors from the venom of
      Vipera palaestinae.

PMID- 694950
TI  - Responses of the rabbit atria to the venom of the Sydney funnel-web spider (Atrax
      robustus).

PMID- 694951
TI  - Detection of gonyaulax toxins and other guanidine compounds on thin-layer silica
      gel chromatograms.

PMID- 694952
TI  - Defensive gland complex in the "tree bug" Halys parvus: a cytochemical study.

PMID- 694953
TI  - Modification of the JB-4 plastic block holder for use on the MT-2 ultramicrotome.

PMID- 694954
TI  - Methods for precisely trimming block faces for ultramicrotomy.
AB  - Two devices are described to aid in trimming block faces of embedded tissue for
      ultramicrotomy. The first, a reticle to fit the ocular of a stereomicroscope, can
      be manufactured by the ultramicrotomist and is designed to outline the edges of
      the block face so that it can be trimmed to a standard size and shape with the
      area of interest centered in it. The second, a rectangular "trimalign" block
      mounted in the knife holder of the ultramicrotome, is, with the block face,
      aligned to the plane of sectioning, and aids in retrimming the top and bottom
      edges of the block face. This is the simplest trimming device yet described and
      the first which will, from any sort of embedded material, produce a block face
      with parallel top and bottom edges even if the block face is not perpendicular to
      the axis of the specimen holder. If the edge of the diamond knife used for
      sectioning is parallel to the axis of rotation of the knife holder, the block
      face has also been automatically aligned to the kinfe as a consequence of this
      aligning and trimming procedure. As a result, sectioning can begin immediately
      without further adjustments.

PMID- 694955
TI  - Carotenoid and pterin pigment localization in fish chromatophores.
AB  - The classical sulfuric acid method for the histochemical detection of carotenoids
      has been adapted to give a reliable cytological localization of these compounds
      in fish chromatophores. This procedure consists mainly in fixing skin fragments
      in glutaraldehyde and dehydrating in a 50% solution of glycerin followed by
      exposure to air. It is essential that the preparation permit direct contact of
      the sulfuric acid with the pigment cells. Under these conditions, carotenoid
      containing cells stain green or blue. When associated with the extraction of the
      carotenoids by acetone, the procedure permits the distinction between pterin and
      carotenoid in fish chromatophores.

PMID- 694956
TI  - [Causes and differences of recurrences in lymphogranulomatosis following primary
      radiation therapy (author's transl)].
AB  - A retrospectively explored group consisting of 62 patients with
      lymphogranulomatosis Stage I to III, who had undergone primary radiation therapy,
      revealed recurrences in 23 cases (37%). (he recurrences are more frequent in
      unfavorable histological subclassifications and in advanced stages. 76% appear
      during the first two years, almost 90% of them in the region of lymphatic chains,
      preferably in the cervical or mediastinal region, in the hili and the contiguous
      lung. 75% of the recurrences are attributed to insufficient dosage. Typical
      recurrences, therefore, develop at the border of irradiation fields and are due
      to an incorrect calculation of the dose when applicating extended fields and
      individually shaped lead blocks. Other 25% are found in nonirradiated lymphatic
      areas.

PMID- 694957
TI  - [Experimental demonstration of occult blood in the stool after sole abdominal
      irradiation or chemotherapy or a combination of both (author's transl)].
AB  - Using Heglostix-Ames test strips, it was possible with normally fed animals, to
      furnish evidence of occult blood in spontaneous droppings of mice. The mice were
      exposed either to partial irradiation encompassing the abdomen and using
      different exit doses between 100 R and 1100 R, or were injected intramuscularly
      with doses between 120 and 900 mg/kg Endoxan or, instead, 110 and 840 mg/kg
      Proreside. The moment of the beginning and also the duration of positive
      reactions could be proved to depend on the dose. In simultaneous as well as
      alternating radiation- and chemotherapy evidence was given of cumulation effects.
      Reactions were always negative in nontreated controls.

PMID- 694958
TI  - [Measurement of the radiation load to bladder and rectum in gynecological
      brachytherapy with a mobile radiation source (author's transl)].
AB  - Measurement of the maximal radiation dose in bladder and rectum in intravaginal
      radiation therapy using a mobile source (afterloading technique) is only possible
      integrating with a multichannel dosimeter. For this purpose we apply a 5 mm
      plastic probe being equipped with five semiconductor dosimeter crystals; the
      latter are fixed within the probe at equidistances of 2 cm from each other. The
      dose maximum can be obtained by graphic interpolation using the five different
      values measured. The dosimeter employed is read immediately and permits
      observation of the doses delivered to the bladder and rectum during radiation
      therapy.

PMID- 694959
TI  - [Influence of serum content of the culture medium upon growth and microtubule
      microfilament system of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells in monolayer culture
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Withdrawal of serum from the medium of monolayer cultures of the Ehrlich ascites
      tumor within their phase of exponential growth resulted in a nearly complete
      inhibition of growth during a 25-hour incubation, but cells were not dying off.
      In the course of this serum-free incubation no significant alteration of the
      cellular glycolytic rate was seen. Addition of serum to cultures which previously
      had been incubated without serum led to a resumption of cell proliferation. The
      microtubule-microfilament system of cells cultivated without serum as compared to
      cells cultured in presence of serum was significantly reduced concerning the
      number and length of microtubules as well as the diffuse, bunchy or reticular
      arrangement of the microfilaments. The lesser development of the microtubule
      microfilament system corresponds well to the reduced pinocytosis activity
      (ascertained by former studies) which is caused by a lack of serum. The present
      experiments altogether give support to the concept that serum factors as
      exogenous stimuli are necessary not only for cell growth but also for the
      probably closely interrelated development of the microtubule-microfilament system
      needed e.g. for the organization of cell surface structures and activities.

PMID- 694960
TI  - [Study of membrane potentials in cells of human squamous cell carcinoma during
      exposition to ionizing radiation (author's transl)].
AB  - The individual membrane potentials have been studied in just excised cells of
      human squamous cell carcinoma (n = 16). The physiological level of the membrane
      potential amounted to 10.3 mV. The cellular tissue was excised at the region of
      the rectum. In another experimental group (n = 16), the tumorous tissue was
      exposed to ionizing radiation by Co-60, and the decreasing membrane potential of
      individual cells was recorded. The findings are discussed in view of experimental
      investigation technique for irradiated cells.

PMID- 694961
TI  - [Limits of exactness in dosing and sources of error with routine techniques in Co
      60 teletherapy (author's transl)].
AB  - The routine techniques of dosing in Co-60 teletherapy are critically examined in
      view of radiobiological requirements. A comparison was made between data from the
      manufacturer and our own measurement results, and also between different
      conceptions of the reference depth for base measuring.

PMID- 694962
TI  - [Homogenization of the dose to the target volume in case of irregular body
      surface by means of compensation (author's transl)].
AB  - Irregular body-surface contours in the treatment part of high-energetic photon
      fields are producing an inhomogeneous dose distribution within the target volume.
      Homogenization of the dose is necessary in order to avoid over- or underdosage. A
      technique of making compensators is described. These are individual compensation
      filters substituting tissue layers which are lacking, they are correctly scaled
      down and optimally corrected in view of absorption and scattering according to
      the actual irradiation conditions. A simple mechanical device makes possible the
      production of a mould for heavy-metal compensators immediately in the course of
      scanning of the body-surface. A universal semi-automatic version of this method
      is appropriate to clinical practice; it records optically, and therefore without
      contact and quickly, all body-contours desired. By means of the image of moire
      contour-lines thus obtained can be made the mould for the compensator in a second
      operation using an electronically controlled copy-milling machine.

PMID- 694963
TI  - Proposal for a practical dose calculation scheme for neutron irradiations.
AB  - Dose calculations for neutron therapy irradiations should be based on the
      dosimetrically best accessible parameters "total absorbed Dose Dt" and "gamma ray
      absorbed dose Dgamma". By adequate standardization it should be possible, that
      only one single reference parameter contains all deviations of calibration, while
      a table of relative factors, only once to be determined, gives all long-term
      constant dependencies for all field sizes and phantom depths. A standardization
      is proposed for the irradiation technique with fixed fields at a constant focus
      skin distance, giving rise to especially simple equations for the absorbed doses
      Dt and Dgamma. It is as well easy to get by these doses and mean relative
      biological effectivenesses rn for neutrons and rgamma for gamma rays the "total
      effective absorbed dose De", being an opportune quantity for the biologically
      weighted absorbed dose. The practical application of equations and tables is
      demonstrated for an opposing field irradiation as example. Adequately
      standardized "reference tissue air ratios" and corresponding equations are given
      for isocentric fixed or rotating beam irradiations and used for the example of a
      dose calculation within a phantom at the isocentre.

PMID- 694964
TI  - [Possibilities of dose reduction in extramammographic xeroradiography (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The soft radiation within the inhomogeneous spectrum of bremsstrahlung, being
      unable to penetrate the object and not contributing to the build-up of the
      xeroradiographic picture, only being the cause of additional radiation exposure,
      is considerably reduced by means of added filters, copper filters in particular.
      This effect can be demonstrated qualitatively by means of the recorded X-ray
      spectra. In comparison with the standard record it is possible by hardening of
      the radiation to reduce the surface dose by a factor 8 at a tube voltage of 120
      kV, and by a factor 10 at a tube voltage of 130 to 150 kV if a 0.5 mm thick
      copper filter is added. The surface dose measured with high-filtration in
      xeroradiography is within the same order of magnitude as the dose obtained with a
      conventional film-foil-combination (Cronex 4/Cawo high-definition foil, 75 kV,
      automatic exposure control, time of development 90 s) and amounts to circa 0.1 R.
      A loss of information in so-called high-filtration xerograms as compared to
      conventional xerograms could be excluded, at least with regard to the test
      object. The practicability of this method e.g. for angiography, particularly
      angiographic exploration of the limbs, needs further clinical examination.

PMID- 694965
TI  - Influence of steroid aerosol treatments on the clearance of inhaled gold
      particles.
AB  - Female Long Evans rats were used to test the hypothesis that in haled
      triamcinolone acetonide accelerates the rate of clearance of particles from the
      lung. Three groups of animals inhaled a radioactive gold aerosol, which
      functioned as a tracer of respiratory tract clearance, and then were subjected to
      various inhalation treatments. The group treated with triamcinolone acetonide
      aerosol showed a significant acceleration in the rate of early clearance, but the
      total amount of tracer particles cleared in the first day was not significantly
      increased. Inhaled triamcinolone acetonide appears to accelerate the
      translocation of foriegn particles from small airways to larger ones, but
      stimulation of clearance does not appear to be a large effect.

PMID- 694966
TI  - The effect of the administration of spironolactone on the concentration of plasma
      testosterone, estradiol and cortisol in male dogs (1).
AB  - The effect of the administration of spironolactone, deacetylspironolactone,
      aldadiene or soldactone on the concentration of plasma testosterone, estradiol,
      and cortisol was examined in male dogs. Decreases of 60 to 75% in plasma
      testosterone and estrodiol occur only at high doses (100 mg/kg) of spironolactone
      or deacetylspironolactone but not at low doses of spironolactone (5 to 10 mg/kg);
      they occur concomitantly with similar decreases of androgen formation by the
      testis. No decreases were detected with aldadiene or soldactone. Treatment of
      dogs with spironolactone (100 mg/kg) also lowered by 50 to 65% the concentration
      of cortisol in adrenal venous plasma.

PMID- 694967
TI  - Solubilization and partial purification of steroid sulfatase of human placenta.
AB  - Steroid sulfatase of human placenta has been solubilized by treatment of the
      microsomal fraction with an amphoteric surface active agent, Miranol H2M and
      ultrasound. Criteria of solubility include non-sedimentation of the activity
      following centrifugation at 160,000 x g, its retention on Sepharose 6B and a
      single peak of activity after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Enzyme activity
      was located in the same gel fractions for the two substrates tested; cholesterol
      sulfate and dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate. The addition of dithiothreitol was
      found necessary to maintain the stability of the enzyme indicating the presence
      of sulfhydryl groups in the molecule. A molecular weight of approximately 330,000
      has been estimated from the elution volume of the enzyme system on a column of
      Sepharose 6B. It is believed that this protein represents a sulfatase enzyme
      complex composed of subunits with different specificities. From kinetic studies,
      a Km of 6.2 x 10(-5)M for the cleavage of dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate and a Km
      of 2 x 10(-6)M for the cleavage of cholesterol sulfate have been calculated.

PMID- 694968
TI  - Bile acid and cholesterol excretion in the pregnant guinea pig: studies on the
      hypercholesterolemia of pregnancy.
AB  - The relationship of bile acid and cholesterol excretion to changes in plasma
      cholesterol during pregnancy were studied in guinea pigs. Plasma cholesterol
      level increased in the first trimester of pregnancy, reached to a peak during the
      second trimester and decreased in the third trimester reaching the lowest level
      at one week prior to parturition. Cholesterol level returned to the control level
      after parturition. Plasma triglyceride level followed a similar trend attaining
      peak values at second trimester and gradually returned to the control level at
      the third trimester of pregnancy. Bile acid and total sterol excretion were
      significantly higher in guinea pigs during the last phase of pregnanccy while
      they remained unchanged during early stage of pregnancy.

PMID- 694969
TI  - Effect of taurocholate on the conversion of 3alpha, 7alpha, 12alpha-trihydroxy
      5beta-cholestan-26-oic acid into cholic acid.
AB  - To determine if the conversion of the intermediate, 3alpha, 7alpha, 12alpha
      trihydroxy-5beta-cholestan-26-oic acid (THCA), into cholic acid is influenced by
      taurocholate, two rats were infused intravenously with [3H] THCA until they
      reached a steady state. Taurocholate was then added and infused at a rate of 1
      mumole/min/rat for 48 hours. The percentage of [3H] THCA recovered in the bile
      did not increase indicating that taurocholate does not suppress the conversion of
      THCA into cholic acid.

PMID- 694970
TI  - Minor and trace sterols in marine invertebrates V. Isolation, structure
      elucidation and synthesis of 3beta-hydroxy-26,27-bisnorcholest-5-en-24-one from
      the sponge Psammaplysilla purpurea.
AB  - The free sterol mixture of the sponge Psammaplysilla purpurea was shown to
      contain aplysterol as the major constituent. In addition to other sterols such as
      5,7-cholestadien-3beta-ol, cholesterol, 5alpha-cholestan-3beta-ol, 24epsilon
      methylcholesta-5,22-dien-3beta-ol, 24epsilon--methylcholesterol, 24epsilon
      ethylcholesta-5,22-dien-3beta-ol and 24,28-dehydroaplysterol, a new minor sterol
      was isolated and shown by spectral analysis as well as partial synthesis to be
      3beta-hydroxy-26,27-bisnorcholest-5-en-24-one. The sterol mixture contains no
      other short side chain or 24-keto sterols except for small amounts of 3beta
      hydroxypregn-5-en-20-one and 3beta-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one.

PMID- 694971
TI  - The effect of progesterone analogues, naturally occurring steroids, and
      contraceptive progestins on hypothalamic and anterior pituitary delta4-steroid
      (progesterone) 5alpha-reductase.
AB  - The effects of a number of steroids on the conversion of progesterone to 5alpha
      dihydroprogesterone by hypothalamic and pituitary progesterone 5alpha-reductase
      have been investigated. Using enzyme preparations from female rats and 3H
      progesterone as substrate, 5alpha-reduced products (5alpha-dihydroprogesterone
      and 3alpha-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one) were analyzed by reverse isotopic
      dilution analysis. The amount of total 5alpha-reduced products formed was
      compared in the presence and absence of the test steroid. Derivatives lacking the
      delta4 and/or the 3-keto moiety were without effect. Corticosterone had no
      effect. 16beta-Methylprogesterone inhibited progesterone 5alpha-reduction in both
      tissues by at least 65%, while the 2alpha-, 6alpha-, and 7alpha-methylated
      derivatives had lesser effects. 3-Oxo-4-pregnene-20beta-carboxaldehyde and 21
      fluoroprogesterone were potent inhibitors. 17-Hydroxyprogesterone was a
      competitive inhibitor (substrate) with Ki's of 0.27 micrometer (pituitary) and
      0.29 micrometer (hypothalamus). Medroxyprogesterone exerted little inhibitory
      effect. Of the 19-nor-steroids examined, only norethindrone appreciably inhibited
      the 5alpha-reduction. These results suggest that some natural delta4-3
      ketosteroids can modify enzymatic activity. Also, inhibitory analogues may be
      useful for studies on the role of this 5alpha-reduction of progesterone.

PMID- 694972
TI  - Stimulation by estradiol benzoate of hepatic beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl
      coenzyme a reductase in normal and ovariectomized rats.
AB  - The effect of estradiol benzoate on beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl coenzyme A
      reductase activity and plasma cholesterol level has been studied in normal and
      ovariectomized rats. Daily administration of estradiol benzoate (25 microgram and
      100 microgram) for 21 days resulted in a 1.7 and 2.5 fold increase in reductase
      activity in normal and ovariectomized rats, respectively. Plasma cholesterol
      levels were increased by 18% in normal rats and 38% in ovariectomized rats. The
      observed changes for the two treatment groups were similar even though the body
      weight for these groups were significantly different.

PMID- 694973
TI  - The suppressive effect of the catatoxic steroid, pregnenolone-16alpha
      carbonitrile, on liver microsomal cholesterol-7alpha-hydroxlyase.
AB  - The effect of the catatoxic steroid, 3beta-hydroxy-20-oxo-5-pregnene-16alpha
      carbonitrile [pregnenolone-16alpha-carbonitrile (PCN)] on hepatic microsomal
      cholesterol-7alpha-hydroxylase, the probable rate-limiting enzyme of bile acide
      biosynthesis, has been studied. Short term administration (3 days) of PCN in the
      diet of rats resulted in a significant decrease in the liver microsomal
      cholesterol-7alpha-hydroxylase activity, in contrast to a marked stimulation of
      microsomal cytochrome P-450 and ethylmorphine demethylase activity. PCN
      significantly depressed the cholesterol-7alpha-hydroxylase activity in the livers
      of rats with elevated levels of the enzyme produced by cholestyramine feeding.
      The results indicate the presence of separate control mechanisms in the
      regualtion of bile acid synthesis and drug metabolism.

PMID- 694974
TI  - Conditions of fertility decline in developing countries, 1965--75.

PMID- 694975
TI  - Estimating the effects of contraceptive use on fertility: techniques and findings
      from the 1974 Philippine National Acceptor Survey.
AB  - Survey data on contraceptive use-effectiveness and on the fertility of family
      planning acceptors can provide a useful basis for estimating the fertility
      effects of a family planning program. The 1974 Philippine National Acceptor
      Survey (NAS), a sample survey of nearly 3,000 family planning acceptors reported
      by clinics in 1970--72 and interviewed in 1974, provided data for such an
      evaluation of the Philippine family planning program. The program's effects on
      the fertility of acceptors were estimated utilizing a series of analytical
      techniques, which are described in this article. Data from the NAS on
      continuation, pregnancy, and fertility following acceptance, as well as estimates
      of fertility decline associated with acceptance and continuing use of
      contraception, are analyzed. Findings are presented for acceptors of the four
      major program methods--pills, and the IUD, rhythm, and condoms. An appendix
      presents special procedures employed in estimating fertility effects.

PMID- 694976
TI  - Improving management through evaluation: techniques and strategies for family
      planning programs.
AB  - Evaluation aimed at providing managers with the information needed for day-to-day
      decision making has generally received less emphasis in family planning programs
      than evaluation of long-term programmatic and demographic achievements. A series
      of evaluation techniques are reviewed that are applicable to the key management
      areas of operational target setting, administrative monitoring, measuring interim
      achievements, and cost concerns. Barriers to such evaluation inherent in the
      training of and relationship between managers and evaluators are reviewed, and
      means to ease the barriers are proposed.

PMID- 694978
TI  - The certification of suicide in eleven western states: an inquiry into the
      validity of reported suicide rates.
AB  - From Durkheim's time to the present social researchers interested in the problem
      of suicide have relied upon officially reported rates of suicide to develop and
      test their theories. Despite the fact that the validity of any theory rests upon
      the accuracy of its underlying data, the relative accuracy of reported suicide
      rates have rarely been questioned or systematically evaluated. This paper
      investigates the process of death certification as practiced by a sample of 191
      coroners in 11 western states. Findings indicate extensive variation in the
      backgrounds, professional resources, operating procedures, and governing statutes
      of coroners and coroners' offices and in policies concerning the use of the
      suicide mode. Since the coroner is generally charged with the official
      responsibility for certifying the mode of death when unnatural mode is suspect,
      the extent of variation found here calls into question the validity and
      comparability of reported suicide rates.

PMID- 694977
TI  - Correlates of contraceptive behavior among unmarried U.S. college students.
AB  - The contraceptive behavior of 213 sexually active never-married U.S. college
      students was examined using multiple regression analyses. The type of
      relationship--casual or steady--was a major determinant of contraceptive use: 77
      percent of the respondents involved in steady relationships reported using
      condoms or the pill, compared with 58 percent of the respondents involved in
      casual relationships. Frequency of intercourse was the best predictor of
      contraceptive method used within steady relationships. Several variables emerged
      as predictors of contraceptive method used within casual relationships, including
      method used at first coital experience, age, and frequency of intercourse.
      Situational and background factors were found to have an important impact on
      adolescent contraceptive behavior and to warrant further research.

PMID- 694979
TI  - The confrontation with death and the renewal of life.
AB  - Several writers have argued that a majority of suicidal acts are "gambles with
      death". A distinction is made between cases where the gamble with death is merely
      consequential (i.e., arising from ignorance, apathy, indifference) and cases
      where it is the very essence of the act. Typically in these latter cases others
      are excluded from possible intervention. The individual is thus playing a game of
      "pure" chance. Death is summoned and challenged in order that life may continue.
      It is argued, from an interactionist perspective, that such acts are desperate
      efforts to confirm existance in situations of extreme uncertainty and represent a
      distinct form of what Shneidman has called "egotic" suicide.

PMID- 694980
TI  - Suicide: the psychosocial dimension.
AB  - This paper explores the relationships among culture, character, and suicide. It
      draws on the author's research in Scandinavia and his studies of suicide among
      United States urban blacks and college students. The differences in motivation
      and significance of suicide in Sweden and Denmark are illustrated. The United
      States is an amalgam of subcultures which must be studied separately to identify
      the psychosocial determinants of behavior. The varying rates and motivations of
      suicide in different cultures and subcultures, the differences between men and
      women, between young and old, differences in ways of coping with love and loss,
      life and death make clear that suicide is part of a culture's possibilities. The
      varying psychodynamic ways in which the suicidal individual in differing cultures
      and subcultures conceives of, uses and absorbs death also has much to tell us
      about how we live.

PMID- 694981
TI  - [DNA synthesis and mitotic division of myocytes of the ventricles, atria and
      conduction system of the heart during the myocardial development in mammals].
AB  - The degree of differentiation of various types of muscle and non-muscle cells
      that synthesize DNA in myocardia of mouse embryos and suckling rats was estimated
      by means of electron microscopic autoradiography with 3H-thymidine. No
      morphologically undifferentiated myoblasts were observed. DNA synthesizing
      capacity and mitotic activity are typical of numerous moderately differentiated
      myocytes in all myocardial compartments studied. As judged from proliferation
      kinetics studies, ventricular myocytes proliferate at embryonal stages and during
      the 1st postnatal week more actively than do atrial ones, specialized muscle
      cells from the conductive system replicating much less intensely as compared with
      both these kinds of myocytes. However, at the 2nd postnatal week, the withdrawal
      of myocytes from the mitotic cycle proceeds more rapidly in ventricles than in
      other heart compartments which results in a relatively more active proliferation
      of myocytes in atria and conductive system beginning from the end of the 2nd
      postnatal week. By the 17--18th days of the postnatal life, practically all the
      myocytes, irrespective of their topology, cease to proliferate. Nevertheless,
      even after this term, up to 0.1--0.5% of atrial and/or conductive system myocytes
      still go on entering periodically the mitotic cycle. The duration of S and G2 +
      1/2 M periods is similar in both the ventricular and atrial myocytes of suckling
      rats. Probable causes and significance of the observed asynchrony of the myocyte
      proliferation rates in different heart compartments is discussed.

PMID- 694982
TI  - [Effect of an erythrocyte inhibitor on the in vitro incorporation of thymidine
      into the DNA of bone marrow cells].
AB  - The effect of an erythrocytic inhibitor obtained from patients with second
      polycythaemia, on the synthesis of DNA in bone marrow cells has been studied in
      vitro. The erythrocytic inhibitor was shown to have a specific effect. The
      decrease of DNA synthesis under erythraemia occurred with the dose of the
      inhibitor 2-3 times higher than with the dose applied in norm or under anemia.
      According to the results of gel-filtration and disc-electrophoresis, the
      inhibitor in question is a component of fraction II of polycythaemia
      erythrolysate with a low molecular weight. The electrophoresis mobility of this
      fraction in respect to albumin lies between 0.5 and 0.7. It is supposed that the
      inhibitor is a physiological regulator (chalone) of the erythron's cell
      proliferation.

PMID- 694983
TI  - [Repair of damage to cells in an SPEV culture after exposure to mitomycin C].
AB  - The action of mitomycin C on a porcine embryo kidney culture (in dose of 0.5-1.5
      mkg/ml in the course of 24-72 hours) is accompanied by significant changes in the
      ultrastructure and morphology of cells. Moreover, mitomycin C sharply inhibits
      DNA synthesis, mitotic activity and much more weakly suppresses protein and RNA
      syntheses. After a prolonged (48 hours) washing of the antibiotics only the
      mitochondrial ultrastructure is restored in the fresh cultural medium. DNA
      synthesis and mitotic activity remain suppressed, while protein and RNA syntheses
      increase sharply, which leads to protein accumulation in cells, and to the
      enlargement of nuclei, nucleoli and cells. Such changed cells are unable to keep
      on living and perish.

PMID- 694984
TI  - [Changes in the mitotic activity of corneal epithelial cells under the influence
      of pyruvic acid].
AB  - 92 specimens of rat's corneal epithelium were studied to estimate the effect of
      pyruvic acid on cell division characteristics. 0.1 M solution of pyruvic acid
      decreases the mitotic activity of rat corneal epithelium, the portion of prophase
      increasing the number of metaphase decreasing. These results support a hypothesis
      on the possible role of low molecular acceptors in the cell division regulation
      "in vivo", and suggests the effect of pyruvic acid both during the period prior
      to cell division, and the prophase-metaphase stage.

PMID- 694985
TI  - [Use of parabiotic mice to study the histogenesis of sarcomas induced by platic
      film].

PMID- 694986
TI  - [Procoagulant and fibrinolytic activity of fractions of a rat brain homogenate].
AB  - In all subcellular fractions the rat's brain homogenate active thromboplastin,
      activators and inhibitors of fibrinolysis were detected. Nuclear fraction
      contains factors II, VII, X, XIII. The mitochondrial fraction-factors II and VII,
      and postlysosomal supernatant demonstrated the presence of factor V of blood
      coagulation. The results obtained are of importance for the explanation of
      control mechanisms of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis.

PMID- 694987
TI  - [Mouse Lewis carcinoma cell population heterogeneity and sensitivity to
      cyclophosphamide].
AB  - Cell kinetics in the large Lewis carcinoma growing in mice subcutaneously was
      characterized by the following parameters: at the tumor periphery -tc=11.3 hr,
      tG2=1.4 hr, tS=8.8hr, tG1=1.1 hr, LI=47%, Pc=61.8%; at the tumour center - 20.7
      hr, 2.9 hr, 16.0 hr, 1.8 hr,31.2%, resp. Injection of cyclophosphamide induced
      degeneration of all the cells in slowly growing central part of the tumour, and
      only of part of cells on the fast proliferating tumour periphery. It is suggested
      that in the central part of the tumour there are no stem cells, and that this
      region regenerates when the transition of cells from the tumour periphery is
      arrested by cyclophosphamide.

PMID- 694988
TI  - [Karyologic study of transplantable cell lines. II. Comparative analysis of lines
      HEp-2, FL and RH].
AB  - A comparative karyologic analysis of three continuous cell lines of different
      origin (HEp-2, FL and RH) has shown them differing from each other both in the
      number of chromosomes, and in marker chromosomes. In cultures HEp-2, the modal
      class consists of cells possessing 58-59 chromosomes, cells in cultures Fl and RH
      have 60 and 66 chromosomes, resp. Marker chromosomes both similar and not
      similar, i.e. characteristic of a given cell line only were found in all the
      investigated cell lines. The data obtained do not exclude a possibility of
      contamination of studied continuous cell cultires with HeLa cell line.

PMID- 694989
TI  - [Use of a 2-field single-wavelength method for cytophotometry of smears and
      impressions of tissues when working with the MUF-5 apparatus].

PMID- 694990
TI  - [Adrenal catecholamine secretion during activation of the sympatho-adrenal
      system].

PMID- 694991
TI  - [Localization of cholinesterases in structures of the alveolar portion of the
      mammary gland].
AB  - Cholinesterase (ChE) localization in the alveolar compartment of the mammary
      gland has been studied by light microscopy and ultrahistochemical methods. The
      product of reaction to ChE is associated with micropinocytotic vesicles of the
      capillar endothelium and myoepithelial cells, separate nerve terminals in
      interalveolar connective tissue and perivascular nerve terminals. In secretory
      cells, the ChE activity is revealed in the sites of fat droplet and on the
      membranes of endoplasmatic reticulum.

PMID- 694992
TI  - [Sister chromatid exchanges following incorporation of bromine into cytosine DNA
      nucleotides. I. Combined use of 5-bromdeoxycytidine and thymidine for the purpose
      of incorporating bromine into DNA cytosine].
AB  - In the cultured in vitro human blood lymphocytes treated with 5
      bromodeoxycytidine (BrdC) plus thymidine (dT) in concentrations of 0.05 mM and
      0.4 mM, respectively, metaphases of the second division, containing chromosomes
      with differentially stained sister chromatids appear after a 30 hours treatment,
      attaining 85 per cent at 36 hours. Under the treatment with BrdC or BrdU alone,
      the similar percentage of metaphases is observed at 28 hours. Similar results are
      obtained if, at 16--18 hours, the culture medium, containing BrdC plus dT is
      either replaced with a medium free of both the precursors, or supplied once more
      vith (0.05 mM) or dC(0.05 mM). The The observed slowing movement of cells through
      out the cell cycle, due to the treatment with BrdC plus dT, is explained by the
      inhibitory effect of dT on DNA synthesis which is manifested as BrdC catabolism.
      It is concluded that BrdC administered together with the cell cycle-slowing doses
      of thymidine is predominantly incorporated into cytosine of DNA.

PMID- 694993
TI  - [Use of correlational transformations to analyze the circadian dynamics of the
      functional activity of small intestine epithelial cells of mice with different
      feeding schedules].

PMID- 694994
TI  - [Polymorphism of a population of tumor cells and selective processes. I. Ehrlich
      IChPh ascitic strain tumor cell subpopulation].
AB  - 4 types of marker chromosomes and of their combination in mouse ascite Ehrlich-I.
      Ch. Ph. tumor cells are described. Two most frequently encountered subpopulations
      of cells are found in the tumor: one--with A+B+2C and A+D+2D markers, and the
      other--with A1+A2+2B+D1+C markers. The former population dominated during 8 days,
      to be gradually substituted with the former subpopulation. Changes in the number
      of cells with certain chromosome number in the near-diploid and near-tetraploid
      cell zones were followed within one passage.

PMID- 694995
TI  - [Electron cytochemical demonstration of acetylcholinesterase in animal brain
      structures using different methods of processing and tissue fixation].

PMID- 694996
TI  - [Ultrastructural characteristics of the specialized ependyma of the 3d cerebral
      ventricle in rats].
AB  - The ultrastructure of the specialized ependyma of the third cerebrals ventricle
      was studied in males of albino Wistar rats, 160--180 g of weight. The ependyma
      lining the inferolateral walls (alpha-tanycytes) was found to differ
      ultrastructurally from that of the floor of the third ventricle or of the median
      eminence (beta-tanycytes). These differences are assumed to reflect a specific
      functional differentiation of the different types of tanycytes. Various types of
      microvesicles and a system of peculiar membranous cavities are described in the
      alpha-and beta-tanycytes. These structures are supposed to be associated with the
      transport and secretory function of tanycytes.

PMID- 694997
TI  - [Spatial distribution of chromosomes in the nuclei of somatic cells. V.
      Nonhomologous chromosomes of domestic swine].

PMID- 694998
TI  - [Curve of labeled mitoses with different states of cell proliferation kinetics.
      V. Effect of the circadian rhythm of cell proliferation on the shape of the
      labeled mitosis curve].
AB  - The influence of the diurnal rhythm in cell proliferation processes on the
      behavior of labeled mitoses curve (LMC) is under investigation. The mathematical
      model predicts that LMC observed following 3H-thymidine administration to
      experimental animals at different day-times can differ greatly even when temporal
      parameters of the mitotic cycle remain unchanged. The analysis of the
      experimental data on the hamster's cheek pouch epithelium suggests that diurnal
      differences in LMCs cannot be explained in certain cases by the influences of
      transient processes in cell kinetics only, and therefore the existence of a
      slight trend in prolongation of periods of the mitotic cycle cannot be completely
      excluded.

PMID- 694999
TI  - [Morphofunctional changes in the thyroid gland of golden hamsters during
      acclimatization to a temperature of 4 degrees C].
AB  - Morphological and physiological peculiarities of the thyroid gland have been
      studied in the golden hamster (Cricetus auratus W.) exposed to prolonged
      acclimation at +4 degrees C. These heterothermal rodents, kept constantly under
      laboratory conditions at +18-+20 degrees, show no distinct seasonal changes in
      the thyroid activity. As demonstrated by morphological findings, a relatively
      high activity of the gland persists throughout the whole year. At a prolonged
      acclimation to cold (up to 3 months, +4 degrees), the thyroid activity increases
      both in golden hamster, and in homothermal rats. Morphological indices of the
      hyperactivity are as follows: hypertrophy of the gland occurring by the 20th-
      30th days of exposure and increasing since then; hyperplasy of the granular
      tissue; colloid vacuolation; strong vessel hyperemy. However, the size of cells
      is not increased as are likely to retain a partial activity which is evidenced by
      the presence of tracks. Intensification of the thyroid function is also expressed
      by the increase in 131(uptake and output rates as well as by the increase in the
      protein bound iodine content in the blood of hamsters. Changes of the thyroid
      gland in acclimated animals occur independently of the season and photoperiod. It
      is shown that the degree of adaptation to prolonged action of cold, is more
      pronounced in golden hamsters than in rats. It has been also demonstrated that
      golden hamsters tend to hibernate after a prolonged cold acclimation.

PMID- 695000
TI  - [Number of Purkinje cells with an increased DNA content in rat cerebellum].
AB  - Using cytospectrophotometry, DNA quantities were measured in the Purkinje cells
      from a large number of animals. The Purkinje cells appeared to be either diploid
      or having hypercontent of DNA (HC). HC-nuclei were detected in the cerebellum of
      rats of different lines; the number of nuclei not depending of the animal's sex
      or age. No difference in the number of HC-nuclei was recorded in the animals of
      different litters. Out of 45 Wistar and non-inbred rats, HC-nuclei was found in
      19 animals (0.5 to 7.0 per animal).

PMID- 695001
TI  - [Radioactivity of an acid-soluble liver fractions after administration of 3H
      thymidine for the purpose of explaining the reasons for delayed DNA labeling].
AB  - When 3H-thymidine is injected 24 hours before a partial hepatectomy, the radio
      activity of acid-soluble fraction in the mouse liver begins to rise after the
      operation. When 3H-thymidine is injected to animals immediately after the
      operation or to unoperated animals, no such a rise is recorded. The maximal
      radioactivity of acid-soluble fraction of the liver is observed 28 hours after
      hepatectomy, at the moment preceding the commencement of DNA synthesis in a great
      number of hepatocytes. This increase is in conformity with the subsequent rise of
      DNA radioactivity. It is suggested that cells of the regenerating liver reutilize
      the degradation products of labeled DNA which become a source of DNA late
      labeling.

PMID- 695002
TI  - [Histochemical study of the chemoreceptor function of the carotid body in
      comparison with the superior cervical ganglion].
AB  - The distribution and relative activities of some dehydrogenases and diaphorases
      in the rat's carotid body and ganglion cervicale superior were studied
      histochemically and cytophotometrically. The treatment of rats by the medium with
      decreased oxygen and increased carbon dioxide contents, a reliable rise of NAD-
      diaphorase activities was found in the interlobe tissue and (less expressed and
      late appearing) in the principal cells. In contrast, such changes were not
      observed in the ganglion cervicale superioir, that have not a special
      chemoreceptory function. It is supposed that these changes in enzyme activities
      in the carotid body is due to the chemoreceptory function of the intralobe tissue
      containing the IInd type cells and "special" cells of sensitive nerve terminals.

PMID- 695003
TI  - [Proliferation of bone marrow cells upon exposure to constant magnetic fields of
      ultra-high strength].
AB  - A study was made of the 0.5--24 hour effects of the stable magnetic field (SMF),
      with 9.9--42.4 kOe strength and 0.2--3.5 kOe/cm strength gradient, on the mitotic
      activity and bone marrow cell number in mice. Short-term treatments were shown to
      stimulate, and prolonged ones to inhibit mitotic activity, the degree of
      inhibition correlating with the strength and strenght gradient of SMF. The rate
      of mitotic index recovery was the smaller the longer the treatment and the higher
      the strength of SMF. With the most pronounced inhibition of the mitotic activity,
      the number of bone marrow cells was seen reduced. No increased frequency of
      aberrant mitoses in bone marrow cells has been noticed following the effect of
      SMF.

PMID- 695004
TI  - [Use of albuminous standards in the quantitative cytochemistry of
      dehydrogenases].
AB  - A method for preparing albuminous standards with various concentrations of NBT
      formazans is proposed. Using these standards, the molar extinction coefficients
      for half and fully reduced formazans of NBT in the region from 450 to 650 nm were
      calculated. Since the absorption curves of half and fully reduced NBT formazans
      are identical either in vitro in the standards or enzymatically in tissues, the
      extinction coefficients calculated on the basis of these standards may be used
      for densitometrical estimation of cellular dehydrogenase activity.

PMID- 695005
TI  - [Quantitative analysis of the dynamics of mitotic spiralization of human
      chromosomes and karyotype individuality].

PMID- 695006
TI  - [Features of the development of the dendrites of differentiating pyriform
      cerebellar cortex neurons in mammals and man].
AB  - Pecularities of development of the differentiating piriform neuron cerebellum
      cortex dendrite system in the mammals and in man were studied with light and
      electron microscopy. Three consequent stages are involved in the process: the
      formation of a dilated portion of apical (supranuclear) cytoplasm with an
      increased amount of organelles; the formation of a temporary apical cytoplasmic
      mitre (cone); the development of the dendrite system occurring on the background
      of reduction of this temporary cytoplasmic formation. In the course of
      differentiation, a distinct change of the dendrite cytoplasm contents from
      reticular to tubular ones takes place.

PMID- 695007
TI  - [DNA degradation of cultured mammalian cells infected with herpes simplex virus].
AB  - In connection with a supposition concerning the role of nucleases in the
      production of chromosome breaks in the herpes simplex virus-infected cells, the
      stability of DNA of the infected cultured cells was studied. It was established
      that the infection of cells with herpes simplex virus resulted in a partial
      degradation of cellular DNA of permissive and non-permissive cells. In human
      embryo fibroblast culture products of hydrolysis of cellular DNA may be
      reutilized by the synthetising virus. In cells of clone M15, in which no mature
      virus is produced, products of hydrolysis of DNA are revealed in acid-soluble
      pool. The observed degradation of DNA apparently is not associated with the cell
      death. It cannot be excluded that a partial degradation of DNA in the cell due to
      viral infection may bring about a production of visible chromosome breaks.

PMID- 695008
TI  - [Conditions for preserving glycogen in smears of isolated cells. II.
      Cytofluorimetric study of the effect of fixation on the glycogen content of
      cells].
AB  - The influence of fixation on the intensity and specificity of the fluorescence of
      PAS-reaction (F-PAS) in the rat's liver cells was examined. 1.4 types of
      fixatives, routinely used in polysacchride cyto- and histochemistry, were tried:
      100% metanol, 100% and 80% ethanol, acetone, 10% neutral formalin, buffered
      neutral formalin, mixtures of various fluids: ethanol : acetone (1 : 1), ethanol
      : formalin (9 : 1), ethanol : acetic acid (3 : 1), formaline : ethanol : acetic
      acid (1.0 : 8.5 : 0.5), fixatives of Carnoy, Bouin, Rossman and Shabadash. The
      cell fluorescence intensity after F-PAS reaction with Schiff's reagent auramine-
      SO2 and the cell autofluorescence were measured cytofluorometrically. It was
      shown that all the fixatives, besides Bouin's and Shabadash's fluids provide
      rather good preservation of the cell glycogen. Results obtained from the
      cytofluorometry of F-PAS reaction, autofluorescence and from the morphological
      studies of F-Pas stained cells, suggested that the best fixatives were 100%
      metanol and 100% ethanol.

PMID- 695009
TI  - [Accelerated measurement of the volume of condensed chromatin from electron
      microscopic photographs].
AB  - The fraction of condensed chromatin (C. C., %) in cell nuclei images was
      determined by the aid of the "random step grid". 100 random points were thrown on
      every electron microscopic images. The number of points in C. C. images was
      counted. Lymphocyte nuclei in spleen and lymph nodes of normal cows have a higher
      content of C. C. (61 +/- 1.6%) Than those of cows suffering from lympholeucosis
      in haematological (49 +/- 21%) and in tumor (44 +/- 1.1%) stages. The counting
      procedure takes about 2 hours for 90 images. The random step grid can be easily
      available in every day practice.

PMID- 695010
TI  - [Effect of cycloheximide on DNA replication. III. Results of autoradiography of
      the DNA of lysed cells].
AB  - With the help of DNA-fiber autoradiography on L cells, the question of mechanism
      of a rapid block of DNA replication by cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein
      synthesis, was examined. The presented data show that the elongation of labeled
      regions in replicating units is blocked. In non-treated cells the replication
      rate was 0.4 mcm/min; the mean size of replicon was 21 mcm. The difficulties
      encountered in the explanation of the data obtained are discussed.

PMID- 695011
TI  - [Change in the concentration and non-homogeneity of RNA and SH-group distribution
      in pyramidal neurons of cat cerebral cortex following epileptiform activity].
AB  - Concentrations of RNA and SH-groups were determined in pyramidal neurons of
      somatosensory cortex of the intact cats and after epileptiform activity induced
      by electrical stimulation. The mean concentrations of RNA and of SH-groups and
      the Fisher information exponent were calculated in different zones of the
      pyramidal neuron cytoplasm zone of the apical dendrite and that of the axon
      departure. With epileptiform activity, RNA and SH-group contents and the
      information exponent were seen decreased. The most significant changes were
      localized in the axon departure zone.

PMID- 695012
TI  - [Method of estimating scannograms in cytophotometry].

PMID- 695013
TI  - [Device for simultaneous bilateral stretching of biological objects without
      displacing the site under study].
AB  - A mechanical device is offered for stretching biological objects by 2--6 mm. This
      is set on the microscope stage and allows simultaneous and independent stretching
      to the opposite sides, keeping the fixed position of any definite object point.
      The device and principles of operation are described taking for ellustration
      experiments with the crayfish receptor that involved an intercellular
      registration of electrical parametres of the mechanoreceptor neuron under
      adequate stimulation.

PMID- 695014
TI  - The role of sonography in identifying neural tube defects.

PMID- 695015
TI  - The risk of neural tube defects to first cousins of affected individuals.

PMID- 695016
TI  - [Radiotherapy of colo-rectal cancer].

PMID- 695017
TI  - [Hemoperfusion in deliberate drug poisoning. Review and 2 case reports].

PMID- 695018
TI  - [Growth of the radius in relation to body height].

PMID- 695020
TI  - [Diverting activity and restitution].

PMID- 695019
TI  - [IgA in serum and mixed saliva determined by a sensitive electroimmuno-technic].

PMID- 695021
TI  - [Methyldopa hepatitis in 2 sisters].

PMID- 695023
TI  - [Accelerated poison excretion].

PMID- 695022
TI  - [Drug information. Nuelin].

PMID- 695024
TI  - [Clinical blood type serology].

PMID- 695025
TI  - [Bicycle accidents in Arhus in 1975].

PMID- 695026
TI  - [Hemolytic uremic syndrome].

PMID- 695027
TI  - [Asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy. A radiographic retrospective study].

PMID- 695028
TI  - [Combined irradiation and chemotherapy as postoperative treatment of breast
      cancer].

PMID- 695029
TI  - [Complications of irradiation in combined irradiation and chemotherapy of breast
      cancer].

PMID- 695030
TI  - [Hyperventilation syndrome in connection with exertion].

PMID- 695031
TI  - [A follow-up examination of elderly amputees fitted with prostheses].

PMID- 695032
TI  - [Emergency X-ray of the skull after head injuries].

PMID- 695033
TI  - [Blood glucose levels in patients after preoperative fasting].

PMID- 695034
TI  - [Bulla formation in the nose].

PMID- 695035
TI  - [Pruritus and sideropenic anemia].

PMID- 695036
TI  - [Hospitalization of children in Denmark. Statistics and attitudes].

PMID- 695037
TI  - [Do half mask respirators give protection? Comparative measurements of total
      inward leakage].

PMID- 695038
TI  - [Ulcerative colitis in childhood with particular attention to the condition of
      surgically treated patients].

PMID- 695039
TI  - [Hypertension, a challenge to preventive medicine].

PMID- 695040
TI  - [Pressurveil, an intra-arterial blood pressure meter].

PMID- 695041
TI  - [Cardiac function determined by impedance cardiography during induction of
      anesthesia with thiomebumal sodium].

PMID- 695042
TI  - [Plasma osmolarity in breast-fed and bottle-fed newborns].

PMID- 695043
TI  - [Hypoglycemia and the hepatorenal syndrome as adverse effects of beta blocking
      therapy].

PMID- 695044
TI  - [Primary clear cell carcinoma of the lung].

PMID- 695045
TI  - [What do we know about collaboration concerning the child referred to a child
      psychiatric department].

PMID- 695046
TI  - [Chronic inflammatory intestinal diseases in childhood].

PMID- 695048
TI  - [A screening picnic for 4-year-old children].

PMID- 695047
TI  - [The significance of social factors in choice of legal abortion.  A social
      medical study of 531 women applying for abortion and 285 pregnant control
      patients].

PMID- 695049
TI  - [Hairy cell leukemia or leukemic reticuloendotheliosis. A clinical review based
      upon 7 cases].

PMID- 695050
TI  - [Hairy cell leukemia--leukemic reticuloendotheliosis. A review of literature and
      a case report].

PMID- 695051
TI  - [Curative radiotherapy of prostate cancer].

PMID- 695052
TI  - [Intraepithelial cancer in the vulvar area].

PMID- 695054
TI  - [Anesthesia in jejuno-ileostomy for extreme obesity. From the Danish Obesity
      Project].

PMID- 695053
TI  - [Improvement of the quality of life after jejuno-ileostomy for extreme obesity].

PMID- 695055
TI  - [Intussusception of small intestine following jejuno-ileal shunt].

PMID- 695056
TI  - [Acute hepatitis].

PMID- 695057
TI  - [Can you make fat persons thin patients?].

PMID- 695058
TI  - [Quality of life in obese patients after the bypass operation. A pilot study].

PMID- 695060
TI  - [Value of fine needle puncture of the prostate in cases where findings on
      palpation suggested cancer].

PMID- 695059
TI  - [Axillary hyperhydrosis treated with aluminum chloride-ethanol].

PMID- 695061
TI  - [Ultrasonically guided percutaeous drainage of intra-abdominal mass lesions].

PMID- 695062
TI  - [Solitary cold thyroid tumors: benign or maligant?].

PMID- 695063
TI  - [Isolated paralysis of the serratus anterior muscle].

PMID- 695065
TI  - [Central hemodynamic measurements].

PMID- 695064
TI  - [Iodide organification defect as the cause of congenital hypothyroidism in a 24
      year-old man].

PMID- 695066
TI  - [A case of psycho-organic syndrome with intracerebral arteriovenous angioma].

PMID- 695067
TI  - [Complaints connected with medical treatment. V. Irresponsible issuing of
      prescriptions and inaccuracies in certificates].

PMID- 695068
TI  - [Complaints connected with medical treatment, VI. Infections].

PMID- 695069
TI  - [Complaints connected with medical treatment. VII. Failure to visit].

PMID- 695070
TI  - [Economic problems of insulin-dependent diabetics].

PMID- 695071
TI  - [Irradiation and/or cytostatic therapy in colo-rectal cancer].

PMID- 695072
TI  - [Normal values for fetal acid-base status during the dilatation stage of labor].

PMID- 695073
TI  - [Neuroleptic analgesia modified by barbiturates in neurosurgical patients. Blood
      pressure and pulse rate changes during induction].

PMID- 695074
TI  - [Cancer of the sigmoid colon treated with combined irradiation and chemotherapy].

PMID- 695075
TI  - [Carbenicillin-induced hemorrhage in connection with femoral amputation].

PMID- 695076
TI  - [Tuberculosis of the colon].

PMID- 695077
TI  - [Carcinomatous synovitis].

PMID- 695079
TI  - [Classification of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 695078
TI  - [A myasthenic reaction provoked by lithium carbonate treatment].

PMID- 695080
TI  - [Judgment of disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 695081
TI  - [Drug information. Non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs].

PMID- 695082
TI  - [Asthmatic reaction provoked by non-steroid antirheumatics. With special
      attention to cross reactions with acetylsalicylic acid].

PMID- 695083
TI  - [Pathologic anatomy].

PMID- 695084
TI  - [Urethritis simplex. A retrospective study of 168 men with nongonorrheal
      urethritis].

PMID- 695085
TI  - [Barbiturate poisoning treated with hemodialysis].

PMID- 695086
TI  - [Intrauterine contraception with a copper-T variant].

PMID- 695087
TI  - [Intrauterine contraception (IUD) and uterine perforation].

PMID- 695089
TI  - [Clinical test of a new air cleaning filter].

PMID- 695088
TI  - [Extrauterine pregnancy and intrauterine contraception].

PMID- 695090
TI  - [Acute interstitial nephritis during treatment with penicillin and cephalothin].

PMID- 695091
TI  - [Propantheline-induced mydriasis].

PMID- 695092
TI  - [Abscesses of the scalp caused by retention of a fragment of an electrode].

PMID- 695093
TI  - [What do we know about the occurrence of psychiatric diseases in children].

PMID- 695094
TI  - [Camomile tea and salicylic acid].

PMID- 695095
TI  - [Ethical and documentary demands for preventive medicine and screening].

PMID- 695096
TI  - [Prolonged sick leave VI. The course of maintenance allowance cases in the
      municipality of Copenhagen].

PMID- 695097
TI  - [Specialist education. Proposals for improving the clinical training illustrated
      by a model for the specialities, neuromedicine, neurosurgery and clinical
      neurophysiology].

PMID- 695098
TI  - [Planning of rural health projects in developing countries with an example from
      Ngamiland, Botswana].

PMID- 695099
TI  - [Chromosome study during early pregnancy].

PMID- 695100
TI  - [Diagnosis of chromosome abnormalities in Denmark].

PMID- 695101
TI  - [A new method of measuring intestinal transit time].

PMID- 695102
TI  - [Oligophrenia].

PMID- 695103
TI  - [Prenatal genetic diagnosis].

PMID- 695104
TI  - [Changes in Danish smoking habits 1958-1976].

PMID- 695105
TI  - [Importance of demands for the number of hospitalizations at psychiatric
      institutions].

PMID- 695107
TI  - [Lymphocyte agglutination blocking test. A pilot study of a new simple in vitro
      blood test for demonstration of cancer and tissue destruction].

PMID- 695106
TI  - [The Danish Testis Cancer Project].

PMID- 695108
TI  - [Methaqualone poisoning].

PMID- 695109
TI  - [Fatal paradoxical embolism following subclavian catheterization].

PMID- 695110
TI  - [Mediastinal and subcutaneous emphysema complicating measles].

PMID- 695111
TI  - [What do we know about the course of psychiatric diseases in children].

PMID- 695112
TI  - [Fluoride tablets. A dosage change guide].

PMID- 695113
TI  - [Legionnaires' disease].

PMID- 695114
TI  - [The stress syndrome in pregnancy. Molimina in pregnancy].

PMID- 695115
TI  - [Duration of maternal leave and its relation to the time of labor].

PMID- 695116
TI  - [Maternal leave].

PMID- 695117
TI  - [Endoscopic papillotomy and stone extraction as treatment of common bile duct
      calculi].

PMID- 695118
TI  - [Treatment of retained common bile duct calculi by infusion of cholic acid and
      heparin through a T-tube].

PMID- 695119
TI  - [Instrumental extraction of retained common bile duct calculi in patients with a
      T-tube].

PMID- 695120
TI  - [Endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP). Description of the
      introductory phase of a diagnostic method].

PMID- 695121
TI  - [Treatment of patients with stable diabetes mellitus with self-care as a
      therapeutic goal].

PMID- 695122
TI  - [Life threatening bradycardia induced by beta receptor blockaders].

PMID- 695123
TI  - [What do we know about the child with recurring abdominal pain].

PMID- 695125
TI  - [Stable diabetes].

PMID- 695124
TI  - [Drug information. Cimetidine (Tagamet), a histamine H2- receptor antagonist].

PMID- 695126
TI  - [A day-hospital for the elderly].

PMID- 695127
TI  - The use of electron energy loss spectroscopy for studying membrane architecture:
      a preliminary report.
AB  - Some initial measurements of interest with respect to the use of energy loss
      spectroscopy (ELS) in the electron microscope are reported. We have obtained
      energy loss spectra in the region less than 15 eV energy loss for three
      components of biological components; lecithin, cholesterol and spectrin. Some
      indications of the effect of electron beam damage on the cholesterol spectrum are
      shown. In addition, energy loss pictures of erythrocyte membrane fragments are
      demonstrated for various energy losses less than 40 eV (taken with 0.75 eV width
      window) and it is shown that an individual ferritin molecule can be identified on
      the basis of its iron MII-III excitation line. From the results of the
      preliminary data we have discussed the possibilities of ELS for studies of
      biological membranes.

PMID- 695128
TI  - Quantitative electron microscopy.

PMID- 695129
TI  - An integrated set of computer programs for processing electron micrographs of
      biological structures.
AB  - A set of computer programs is described which has been developed for processing
      electron micrographs of biological structures. The programs provide facilities
      for efficient image storage, enhancement and display. Extensive programs are
      available for analysis of images of structures with translational, rotational and
      helical symmetry, and for performing 3-dimensional reconstruction. The
      considerations which went into the design of the system are listed. A description
      is provided of the means of control of the main program, which performs the
      majority of the image processing operations, and an example is given to
      illustrate its use. These programs are compared with other program systems also
      developed for micrograph image processing.

PMID- 695130
TI  - Contribution to the contamination problem in transmission electron microscopy.
AB  - The contamination of different supporting films is measured by irradiating a
      circular area of a few micron diameter and by using an electron probe of a few
      ten nm diameter. Contamination rings are generated by this method. They can be
      explained by diffusion of the hydrocarbon molecules on the specimen surface and
      by adsorption from the vacuum. The influence of specimen heating and charging are
      discussed. Some specimen cleaning methods have been examined. The best results
      were obtained by immersion of the specimen and the cartridge in methanol.

PMID- 695131
TI  - Quantitative electron probe microanalysis of biological thin sections: the use of
      stem for measurement of local mass thickness.
AB  - A method for performing quantitative electron probe microanalysis on ultrathin
      (less than 30 microgram/cm2) biological samples is described and evaluated. The
      technique is based on a measurement of the characteristic peak count rate and the
      degree of beam attenuation as the primary electron beam passes through the
      sample. Using this method it is possible to measure the concentration of a given
      element such as sodium in sections ranging in mass-thickness from several
      microgram/cm2 up to 30 microgram/cm2 with an accuracy of better than 10%. For
      sections having a mass thickness of approximately 11 microgram/cm2 the minimum
      detectable concentration for sodium was found to be 20 mmolar or 4 X 10(-2) wt.%.
      The interaction of the electron beam with the sample is also discussed with
      emphasis on characterizing the variation in sample mass with radiation dose.

PMID- 695132
TI  - Radiation damage due to knock-on processes on carbon foils cooled to liquid
      helium temperature.
AB  - Radiation damage on a holey carbon foil was investigated in an electron
      microscope with a superconducting lens system, where the temperature of the
      specimen and its environment initially was 4 K. Due to an electron dose of 2 X
      10(4) As/cm2 the diameter of a hole increased 5 nm. Rough calculations show that
      this increase can be ascribed to knock-on processes. Estimates of the rise in
      specimen temperature during the irradiation are given.

PMID- 695133
TI  - Radiation exposure and recognition of electron microscopic images of protamine at
      high resolution.
AB  - The effect of radiation exposure on visual recognition of individual
      macromolecules of the protein protamine was examined using high resolution
      electron microscopy in scanning transmission, fixed beam transmission, dark field
      and bright field, and recording of images on plates or via video imaging systems
      including image intensifiers and digital image storage. Loss of recognition of
      protamine, including its 5 A substructure, followed approximately three-hit
      kinetics with a Do on the exponential portion of the curve of about 470 e/A2. In
      spite of the inevitable chemical damage at high doses, virtually all molecules in
      orientations that exhibited the characteristic protamine structure could still be
      recognized in dark field scanning transmission or fixed beam bright field at 100
      200 e/A2. Recognition fell from 30 to 6% when doses were increased from 1000 to
      2000 e/A2 in fixed beam dark field. Exposure rates, varied over seven orders of
      magnitude from 0.15 e/A2-s to 3 X 10(6) e/A2-s, had no effect at all on the
      recognition of structures.

PMID- 695134
TI  - Discussion on the limitations of "in situ" deformation experiments in a high
      voltage electron microscope.
AB  - Radiation damage as well as surface effects are two possible limitations of the
      "in situ" straining experiment in a high voltage electron microscope. The optimum
      experimental conditions and a few approximate criteria to be fulfilled are
      described, using the data presently available. In these criteria are involved the
      operating conditions of the microscope, the temperature, the geometry and
      properties of the material investigated.

PMID- 695135
TI  - A TV system for image recording and processing in conventional transmission
      electron microscopy.
AB  - An image processing system for a CTEM is described which is particularly suited
      for the imaging of radiation-sensitive objects. It consists of an image
      intensifier device for single electron counting, a digital storage unit and a
      video recorder for intermediate storage of low-dose image series. During on-line
      operation the information can be transferred to a computer for further
      processing. The output can be transferred onto a second digital storage unit and
      observed on a monitor. The influence on the DQE of the pulse height distribution
      of the single electron video signals and of a multiple counting are eliminated by
      means of special electronic components. Various modes of operation and
      application possibilities of the image processing system are discussed.

PMID- 695136
TI  - About the use of electron energy-loss spectroscopy for chemical mapping of thin
      foils with high spatial resolution.
AB  - Core-loss energy-filtered images have been suggested as a substantial
      contribution to the development of an analytical electron microscope with high
      spatial resolution. However, for many problems in complex materials, the
      characteristic signals can only be detected as slope variations of the
      continuously decreasing background. Therefore further data processing techniques
      are needed to extract satisfactorily the true chemical information. A discussion
      of the present limits and of the existing solutions clearly shows that the method
      can only be developed at the expense of more elaborate systems such as
      simultaneous detection channels (quite well suited to the STEM instruments).
      Typical numbers for realistic situations illustrate the field of application of
      the technique.

PMID- 695137
TI  - Formulae for light-element microanalysis by electron energy-loss spectrometry.
AB  - Simple expressions are derived for elemental concentration in terms of quantities
      measurable from the energy-loss spectrum and suitable cross sections for inner
      shell excitation. The derivation takes into account the predominant scattering
      processes occurring in a thin sample: elastic and quasi-elastic scattering and
      valence-electron excitation. Consideration is given to the choice of specimen
      orientation and thickness, the detection angle and energy window, from the point
      of view of accuracy of the simple formulae and other factors. The requirements
      for displaying chemical information in an energy-filtered image are discussed
      briefly.

PMID- 695138
TI  - A simple device to detect vibrations in the electron microscope laboratory.

PMID- 695140
TI  - Image synthesis from electron micrographs taken at different defocus.

PMID- 695139
TI  - Contrast from DNA occluded in epitaxially grown single-crystal gold films.

PMID- 695141
TI  - Getting started with a scanning transmission electron microscope coupled to a
      small computer.
AB  - A scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) equipped with a laser-heated
      gun was coupled to a small computer. Several alterations to the commercially
      obtained parts of this system are described. On-line operation procedures were
      developed aiming to reduce the amount of radiation of the specimen area of
      interest. The resulting system is capable of recording information at the 1.0 to
      1.5 nm resolution level by taking advantage of the efficiency of a STEM in
      recording the information and in controlling the irradiation conditions. These
      features are important in the study of biological material.

PMID- 695142
TI  - Effects of obstruction on ureteral function.

PMID- 695143
TI  - Clinical assessment of pelvic and ureteral function.

PMID- 695144
TI  - Some observations on congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction.

PMID- 695145
TI  - Primary megaureter in children and adults. Clinical and pathophysiologic features
      of 150 ureters.

PMID- 695146
TI  - Transurethral incision of prostate. Seven-year follow-up.
AB  - The first transurethral incision of the prostate (TUIP) by the author was done in
      1969. An analysis of 150 TUIPs performed thus far is given and compared with 150
      concomitant patients with transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Only 1
      TUIP patient has required subsequent resection, whereas 8 patients in th TURP
      group have had reresection. There has been no contracture of the bladder neck, no
      incontinence of urine, fewer strictures, and less sexual changes associated with
      this new method.

PMID- 695147
TI  - Hypertension and unilateral vascular occlusion. Diagnosis and surgical
      intervention.
AB  - Four hypertensive patients with unilateral atheromatous renal arterial occlusion
      have been studied. Each showed elevation of renal venous activity on the side of
      the vascular occlusion relative to the opposite side. Three of the patients
      underwent nephrectomy with amelioration of their hypertension. It is concluded
      that surgical treatment is valid therapy in patients with atheromatous unilateral
      renal vascular occlusion and ipsilateral elevation of renal venous renin
      activity.

PMID- 695148
TI  - Ureteral contusion and delayed necrosis from gunshot injury.
AB  - The blast effect surrounding the path of a gunshot wound near the ureter can
      cause ureteral contusion with hematuria, no extravasation on the intravenous
      pyelogram, and an intact ureter found at laparotomy. Subsequent progression of
      the ureteral contusion to delayed necrosis and urine leakage can occur.

PMID- 695149
TI  - Operative technique for treatment of ureterocele of single ureter in children.
AB  - For treatment of simple ureterocele in children an operative technique is
      presented which is designed to eliminate the ureterocele and prevent future
      vesicoureteral reflux. This technique combines an intravesical with an
      extravesical approach to the distal ureter. The ureterocele is excised and the
      ureter reimplanted in the bladder at a different site. The exposure of the distal
      ureter allows tailoring to reduce its caliber, if needed, before reimplantation.
      During the last eight years 7 children with ureterocele of a single ureter have
      been treated with this technique. In each of the 7 children the objectives of the
      operation have been achieved, as proved by postoperative follow-up.

PMID- 695150
TI  - Priapism and multiple myeloma. Successful treatment with plasmapheresis.
AB  - Priapism was associated with multiple myeloma and hyperviscosity in a sixty-year
      old black male. Plasmapheresis treatment of the hyperviscosity corrected his
      priapism, and chemotherapy for the underlying multiple myeloma prevented the
      recurrence of priapism after a chronic intermittent history of seventeen years.

PMID- 695151
TI  - Survival after right radical nephrectomy and resection of suprarenal vena cava.
AB  - The problems relating to injury and the resection of the suprarenal vena cava
      during a right nephrectomy may well confront every urologic surgeon. Although
      such a procedure is compatible with survival, postoperative temporary renal
      dysfunction may occur and a plan to deal with this problem should be formulated.

PMID- 695152
TI  - Endobronchial metastasis from prostatic cancer in patient with renal cell
      carcinoma.
AB  - A patient was seen with a right upper lobe endobronchial mass initially thought
      to be brochogenic carcinoma. There was a history of prostatic carcinoma, and
      subsequent investigation demonstrated a hypernephroma. Thoracotomy and special
      studies proved the endobronchial metastasis to be prostatic in origin, a rare
      cause of endobronchial metastasis.

PMID- 695153
TI  - Modification of nephrostomy tube.

PMID- 695154
TI  - Passing foley catheter through hemostatic pack in prostatic fossa.

PMID- 695155
TI  - Reduction in urinary oxalate values by allopurinol.
AB  - A variety of substances have been used to prevent recurrence of stone disease.
      Recently there has been considerable interest in the ability of allopurinol to
      prevent stone recurrence. This article discusses the effect of allopurinol on the
      urinary oxalate in a group of stone formers. A significant reduction was obtained
      especially in subjects in whom the blood urate levels exceeded 300 mumol./L.
      Possible mechanisms explaining the mode of action of the drug are discussed.

PMID- 695156
TI  - Case profile: bladder and ureteral herniation.

PMID- 695157
TI  - Angiographic investigation of retroperitoneal space.

PMID- 695158
TI  - Ultrasound and nuclear medicine in evaluation of renal disease.
AB  - Multiple diagnostic imaging techniques are currently available to the clinician
      but the complementary nature of these techniques is frequently overlooked. A case
      is presented to illustrate the contributions of ultrasound, radiology, and
      nuclear medicine in evaluating renal disease.

PMID- 695159
TI  - Hydrocele formation after sandwich irradiation therapy for testicular tumor.
AB  - Contralateral hydrocele formation secondary to irradiation, radical
      retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy, or both, in the treatment of tumor of the testis
      has, to our knowledge, never before been reported. Our experience with 8 patients
      in whom hydrocele occurred after the combined modalities of therapy prompted this
      report. Because these benign hydroceles cannot be differentiated from a second
      testicular neoplasm on the basis of symptom complex, duration, or time interval
      after therapy, high inguinal exploration is mandatory in every case.

PMID- 695160
TI  - Uropharmacology: IX. Direct-acting smooth muscle stimulants and depressants.
AB  - Agents which exert their effect on the lower urinary tract by stimulating or
      depressing the activity of smooth muscle directly are discussed. Many of these
      drugs also exert other actions on the urinary tract mediated via the autonomic
      nervous system.

PMID- 695161
TI  - Cystourethritis.

PMID- 695162
TI  - Spirochaetes in planorbid molluscs.

PMID- 695163
TI  - [2 cases of thromboses of the mesenteric vessels of the small intestine in
      children].

PMID- 695164
TI  - [Acute pancreatic necrosis in a 2-year-old child].

PMID- 695165
TI  - [Posttraumatic splenic abscess in a child].

PMID- 695166
TI  - [Peripheral paralysis or "bulbar threat"? (Further comment on the pathogenesis of
      respiratory arrest and vascular collapse during cerebrospinal anesthesia)].
AB  - The study of 9776 cases of spinal anesthesia carried out in the clinic and the
      results of the experiments on dogs have lead to the conclusion that respiratory
      arrest and drop of arterial pressure during spinal anesthesia result from the
      block of the peripheral conductors rather than from paralysis of bulbar centres.
      The artificial pulmonary ventilation constitutes the only effective means in
      combating respiratory depression in spinal anesthesia.

PMID- 695167
TI  - [Humoral factor changes in homeostasis regulation in acute appendicitis and
      peritonitis].

PMID- 695169
TI  - [Extraperitoneal duodenal ulcer perforation simulating acute
      cholecystopancreatitis].

PMID- 695168
TI  - [Esophageal injuries in tracheal intubation].

PMID- 695170
TI  - [Surgical cholangioscopy].

PMID- 695171
TI  - [Classification of postoperative peritonitis and the procedure in its treatment].

PMID- 695172
TI  - [Diagnostic and prognostic importance of the intensity of the blood plasma
      superweak intrinsic luminescence in acute surgical diseases of the abdominal
      cavity organs].
AB  - The authors present the results of the studies of the intensity of plasma super
      weak chemical luminescence for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis (35 cases) and
      various forms of cholecystitis (131 cases). The increase of the intensity level
      of the blood plasma chemical luminescence has been found in all the forms of
      cholecystitis and in appendicitis. With the improvement of the patients condition
      the indices of the luminescence intensity start to normalize. On the grounds of
      their observations the authors consider that the use of this method in surgical
      practice will provide information on an early development of complications before
      their evident clinical manifestations occur.

PMID- 695173
TI  - [Treatment of appendicular infiltrate].

PMID- 695174
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of the surgical approaches in cancer of the right and
      left halves of the large intestine].
AB  - The most common approaches to the right and left halves of the colon were
      compared in the experiment on 193 human cadavers and in the clinic (114 cases).
      The evaluation of the approaches was based on the studies of spatial
      interrelations in the surgical wound following the A. Yu. Sozon-Yaroschevich
      method. On the grounds of comparative experimental and clinical findings the G.
      D. Vilyavin's methods of right- and left-side incisions (inferior-medial
      laparotomy with the prolongation of the incision to the cartilage of the tenth
      rib) are accepted as the best in hemicolectomy.

PMID- 695175
TI  - [Surgical treatment of sarcoma of the soft tissues of the extremities].
AB  - The experience with radical operations carried out upon 281 patients with
      malignant tumors of the soft tissues of the extremities has proved that sparing
      operations are more common surgical interventions (62.2%) than amputations
      (38.8%). The rate of the five years' survival of the patients following
      amputations is lower (23.6%) than following sparing operations (62.6%), which
      most probably depends o, the character of a lesion influencing the choice of the
      volume of an operation.

PMID- 695176
TI  - [Symptom dynamics in the surgical treatment of posttraumatic arthrosis deformans
      of the knee joint].
AB  - 288 cases of posttraumatic deforming arthrosis of the knee-joint were examined.
      The further postoperative periodic examinations and checking of the late results
      of the treatment of 171 patients have proved that the symptoms of the disease are
      mainly due to the disorders in the knee-joint stability. The obtained data
      suggest the possibility of a secondary inflammatory origin of pain in deforming
      arthrosis and witness an important role played by the surgical prevention and
      correction of the joint instability in clinical remission of th disease.

PMID- 695177
TI  - [Transcutaneous catheterization of the internal jugular vein].
AB  - The anatomy of the internal jugular vein at different portions of the neck is
      described in the article. The description of three main methods of the puncture
      of the internal jugular vein is given. The authors present the own material
      consisting of 3000 catheterizations of the internal jugular vein. Indications,
      contraindications and characteristics of complications are set forth.

PMID- 695178
TI  - [Method of injection necrotherapy of benign tumors of the subcutaneous cellular
      tissue].
AB  - With the aim of exterminating small (up to 3--4 cm. in diameter), single or
      multiple subcutaneous fat tumors (lipoma etc.) the author suggests to use
      transcutaneous injections of solutions possessing necrotizing properties (10%
      calcium chloride, 96% alcohol, formalin) into the tumor instead of its surgical
      removal. The injection should be done under local anesthesia, slowly, the amount
      of solution not exceeding 0.5--1 of the volume of the tumor. The necrotherapy has
      been used for 4 years upon 14 patients (32 tumors); besides, the author made 12
      self-injections. In 3 cases a repeated injection was required. There were no
      complications or recurrences.

PMID- 695179
TI  - [Thromboembolectomy from the superior mesenteric artery in combination with
      anticoagulant therapy].

PMID- 695180
TI  - [Rare case of absence of the vermiform appendix].

PMID- 695181
TI  - [X-ray study of closed craniocerebral injury and fractures of the occipital
      bone].
AB  - The work is grounded on the study of 1560 case histories of a diagnosed closed
      craniocerebral injury. The X-ray examination showed fractures of the cranial
      vault only in 3.7% of cases. A comprehensive clinical analysis of 18 cases of
      occipital bone fractures is set forth. In case of an extremely severe condition
      of such patients surgical interventions have proved to be of a little
      effectiveness; their expediency is doubtful.

PMID- 695182
TI  - [Treatment of low fractures of the leg bones].
AB  - The reposition-fixation method was used successfully in 35 cases of low
      diaphyseal fractures of the bones of the crus. Reposition of the tibial fragments
      was carried out by means of four wires tightened in pairs in two stirrups. This
      was followed with the application of a circular plaster bandage. After X-ray
      checking of the fracture site the stirrups were removed, the ends of the wires
      were bent and plastered into the bandage. All the patients recovered and started
      working again. COMPLICATIONS: 2 patients, who had sustained open fractures,
      developed osteomyelitis, refracture occurred in 2 other patients, osteomyelitis
      in the site of the insertion of the wires--in 1 patient.

PMID- 695183
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of inveterate injuries to the extensor appartus of the
      knee joint].

PMID- 695184
TI  - [New variant in the surgical treatment of diaphyseal fractures of the forearm
      bones combined with dislocation in the radioulnar articulation].
AB  - Better anatomical and functional results in the treatment of malunion, ununited
      fractures and pseudoarthrosis are gained through the combination of compression
      osteosynthesis with bone plasty and open reduction of the dislocated capitellum
      with the formation of the ligamental system. Resection of the dislocated
      capitellum leads mostly to the dysfunction and disability.

PMID- 695185
TI  - [Characteristics of the surgical treatment of wounds inflicted by a ricochetting
      dowel nail].

PMID- 695186
TI  - [Isolated injuries to the gallbladder].

PMID- 695187
TI  - [Surgical technic of testicular transplantation].

PMID- 695188
TI  - [Clinical x-ray diagnostic characteristics of intestinal perforation in newborn
      and nursing infants].
AB  - The authors described 49 neonates and infants with perforation of the intestine.
      The clinical picture of perforation, peculiarities of its diagnosis and the
      treatment are presented. A special emphasis is laid upon contrastless radiography
      providing quite a valuable information for the diagnosis.

PMID- 695189
TI  - [Characteristics of the course and treatment of acute hematogenic osteomyelitis
      in children].
AB  - The results of clinico-laboratory studies on 510 children with acute hematogenic
      osteomyelitis are presented. Being a septic manifestation, acute osteomyelitis in
      children is characterized by a severe general reaction with a symptom complex of
      a "septic schock" which not infrequently leads to diagnostic errors (36%). So,
      therapeutic measures should be aimed first at the correction of disorders of
      homeostasis through the specific effect of thyrocalcitonine (TCT), purposeful use
      of antibiotics and sparing surgical intervention (intraosseous dialysis).

PMID- 695190
TI  - [Osteosynthesis of oblique and spiral fractures of the long tubular bones using
      fixation devices made of polyamide-12].

PMID- 695191
TI  - [Importance and prospects of surgical study methods in lung cancer].
AB  - More than 20 years' experience with surgical exploration in cancer of the lung is
      generalized in this article. The use of prescalene biopsy allowed to find out
      metastases in 130 out of 308 patients (42.2%), mediastinoscopy helped to refine
      the degree of the propagation of the process in 36.2%, and parasternal
      mediastinotomy--in 49.5%. Due to laparoscopy and laparotomy metastases in the
      abdominal organs (liver, adrenal glands, retroperitoneal nodes) were found in 22
      out of 162 patients. The diagnostic thoracotomy carried out upon 109 patients
      revealed tumors of the lungs in 50 patients, in 47 out of them it was an early
      stage of primary cancer.

PMID- 695192
TI  - [Anesthesia characteristics in the surgical treatment of esophageal injuries].
AB  - On the grounds of the experience with 198 operations for esophageal injuries the
      author substantiates the importance and necessity of a perfect anesthesia in time
      of the operation. 95 patients were operated upon under general anesthesia and 103
      -under local narcosis. Peculiarities of the local and general anesthetization are
      emphasyzed and the indications for each type of narcosis are defined.

PMID- 695193
TI  - [Blood cholinergic activity during ketamine anesthesia].
AB  - Blood cholinergic activity in ketamine anesthesia was studied through the
      acetylcholine level and activity of true and pseudocholinesterase on 30 patients
      during surgical interventions which were not very traumatic. Ketamine was found
      to increase acetylcholine blood level and activity of cholinergic enzymes in the
      blood due to the rise of parasympathetic nervous system tone and to the absence
      of depressing effect of the anesthetic upon the renal function.

PMID- 695194
TI  - [Complications in peridural anesthesia].
AB  - An analysis of complications associated with peridural anesthesia (PA) in 1000
      women operated upon in the clinic of gynecology and obstetrics was carried out.
      In time of operation the number of complications constituted 5%; 0,5% of them
      were dangerous to life (collapse--0.4%, cardiac arrest--0.1%). Neither fatality
      nor disability resulting from PA were noted. The frequency rate of complications
      associated with PA does not exceed that one following other methods of
      anesthesia. The authors believe it possible to use PA in hypovolemic conditions
      after their preliminary correction or parallel to it.

PMID- 695195
TI  - [Effect of laser radiation on the morphological makeup of the peripheral blood
      and bone marrow experimentally and clinically (a review of the Soviet and foreign
      literature)].

PMID- 695196
TI  - [Architectonics of the vessels of small and large intestinal grafts in
      esophagoplasty].
AB  - In experiments on 30 cadavers the structure of the small and large bowel vessels
      with the concern in esophagoplasty was studied. The angiography proved that in
      case of multiarcade structure of the small bowel vessels, more than in 50% of
      cases the great bowel showed a trunk type of the division of the vessels. In 70%
      of cases with a favourable structure of the small bowel vessels good conditions
      for taking a graft from the large bowel were found. In case of a relatively
      unfavorable or an unfavorable structure of the small bowel vessels (26.7%) there
      was the possibility to get a graft from the left side of the large bowel and in
      50%--from the right one.

PMID- 695197
TI  - [Peptic ulcers evoked by retention of the antral portion of mucous membrane at
      the duodenum after a Bilroth II stomach resection].
AB  - From the authors' data the retained mucous membrane of the antral region at the
      duodenum following gastric resection for peptic ulcer results in the development
      of gastric ulcers. It has been found that only the removal of the retained antral
      mucous membrane stops the production of HCl and promotes the healing of ulcer.
      The reflux of the duodenal contents into the isolated pylorus does not constitute
      a cause of the gastrin production, the continuation of which is mainly due to the
      vagal denervation of the glands producing the antral hormone.

PMID- 695198
TI  - [Functional and morphological characteristics of the gastric mucosa in peptic
      ulcer and the selection of the method of surgical treatment].
AB  - A linkage study of gastric secretion in complicated peptic ulcer in 445 patients,
      192 radiotelemetric studies included, was carried out. Histological and
      histomorphometrical investigations of the stomach mucous membrane were carried
      out in 179 patients. Gastric resection was performed upon 306 patients: in 228
      out of them the resection involved half of the stomach and was supplemented with
      selective vagotomy in case of hyperacidic secretion and unchanged mucous
      membrane. Good functional results were obtained in 94.4% out of 156 patients
      examined in late periods of the follow-up. There were no cases of the recurrence
      of ulcer.

PMID- 695199
TI  - [Fiber gastroscopy in the diagnosis of polyps of the gastric stump].
AB  - The work is based upon the study of findings obtained in the examination and
      treatment of 27 cases of stomach stump polyposis. The fibrogastroscopy revealed
      polyps in all 27 patients. The target gastrobiopsy was carried out upon all the
      case of adenomatous polyps of the stomach stump, which permitted to find out the
      true character of the disease in 26 of them. Hence, the fibrogastroscopy done
      together with the target gastrobiopsy proves to be the most effective method of
      the diagnosis of polyps of the stomach stump.

PMID- 695200
TI  - [Ujoviridin method of studying the absorptive and excretory function of the liver
      and its blood flow in mechanical jaundice].
AB  - The blood flow and absorption-excretory function of the liver were studied in 5
      normal individuals and in 50 cases of mechanical jaundice. In 26 out of them
      mechanical jaundice was due to tumors localized in the hepatoduodenal zone, and
      in 24--mechanical jaundice was the complication of cholelithiasis. It was found
      that obstructive jaundice cases develop severe hepatocellular and hemodynamic
      disorders, the degree of which could be determined by the hall-absorption of
      ujoviridin, its clearance and relative percentage of the clearance.

PMID- 695201
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of common bile duct drainage via the cystic duct stump after
      cholecystectomy for chronic calculous cholecystitis].
AB  - From target studies of the clinical value of choledochal drainage through the
      stump of the cystic duct by Halsted-Pikovsky method, following cholecystectomy
      for Courvosier's gallbladder without choledochotomy, the authors have come to the
      conclusion that such drainage does not improve the postoperative clinical course,
      while evolving an added risk of some complications.

PMID- 695203
TI  - [Cholecystostomy in elderly patients in light of the immediate and late results].
AB  - Cholecystotomies carried out upon 58 patients aged above 50 have been analyzed
      22.4% of the patients died in the immediate postoperative period. In the late
      postoperative period good and fair results were found in 86.2% out of 21 followed
      up patients 4 patients (13.8%) underwent the repeated cholecystostomy or
      cholecystectomy. The outcome was favorable. Some useful practical recommendations
      are suggested.

PMID- 695202
TI  - [Change in the amylase activity and microflora in the bile in cholecystitis].
AB  - To ground the surgical technic and pathognomic postoperative management some
      etiopathogenetic problems of acute cholecystitis have been studied. The
      gallbladder contents and abdominal cavity exudate and their effect upon the
      amylase activity and microflora have been analyzed. The analysis has shown that
      in the pathogenesis of acute cholecystitis in elderly and senile patients the
      fermentative component plays an important part, which results in a rapid
      destruction of the gallbladder against the background of vascular disorders. Such
      cases need an earlier decompression of the biliary tract and the postoperative
      management should be aimed at the suppression of pancreatic secretion. As to the
      majority of the cases of acute cholecystitis, which not infrequently possesses
      some features of a longlasting chronic process, the operation should be postponed
      till inflammatory manifestations subside.

PMID- 695204
TI  - [Treatment of acute pancreatitis].
AB  - The experience with the treatment of 482 patients with acute pancreatitis under
      the conditions of a central district hospital is presented. An outline for the
      conservative treatment depending upon the severity of the patient's status, when
      admitted to a surgical department, is suggested. 80 cases were operated upon;
      most of them with destructive forms of pancreatitis and with complications of the
      disease. The success of the treatment of acute pancreatitis depends upon complex,
      intensive conservative treatment rendered in due time. Total lethality was 6.2%,
      the postoperative one-32.5%.

PMID- 695205
TI  - [Late results of the interintestinal anastomosis condition after congenital
      obstruction of the small intestine].
AB  - The data concerning the late results of resection of the small intestine carried
      out for congenital small intestine ileus in 43 newborns are set forth. The
      results of an experimental study on 75 puppies subjected to resection of the
      small intestine with application of various anastomoses are covered in the
      article. The evaluation of late results suggests that end-to-end anastomosis is
      the best one; end-to-side anastomosis gives fair results, while side-to-side
      anastomosis is the least physiological one as it results in the formation of big
      "blind ducts", and the longlasting stasis of intestinal contents in these "blind
      ducts" leads to the development of various complication. The children, who
      underwent the small intestine resection, should be under dispensary and periodic
      clinical observation.

PMID- 695206
TI  - [Functional state of the extremities in patients operated on for an embolism of
      the bifurcation of the aorta and major arteries in follow-up].
AB  - The clinical and electrophysiological examination of the late functional
      condition of the extremity in 103 patients operated upon for embolism of the
      bifurcation of the aorta and main arteries of the extremities has proved that the
      function of an operated extremity depends directly upon the condition of the
      circulation and the severity degree of the ischemia. A dispensary observation
      over such patients together with special procedures aimed at the improvement of
      arterial circulation in the extremity are recommended for the improvement of the
      function of the operated extremity.

PMID- 695207
TI  - [Changes in gas metabolism and tissue oxygen balance during the hyperbaric
      oxygenation of patients with chronic thrombotic obliterating diseases of the
      extremities].
AB  - The study of some indices of external respiration through spirography, studies of
      acid-base status and oxygenation parameters of arterialized capillary blood,
      evaluation of tissue oxygen tension by means of polarography in 44 cases of
      chronic thromboobliterating disease of the extremities before and after therapy
      with 1.7--2.0 ata at 40 to 60 minutes exposure in single oxygen barochambers were
      carried out with the aim of investigation of alterations of gas exchange and
      tissue oxygen balance. It was found that in hyperbaric oxygenation the
      normalization of metabolic processes in an ischemic tissue takes place together
      with the elimination of oxygen deficit and deviations in acid-base status.

PMID- 695208
TI  - [Indications for mammary-coronary anastomosis in the treatment of ischemic heart
      disease].
AB  - Anatomo-morphologic and clinico-angiographic peculiarities of the internal
      thoracic arteries have been considered in the article. The assessment of these
      arteries is of great importance for defining the indications for the use of these
      vessels in revascularization of the myocardium. It has been found that mammary
      coronary anastomosis is indicated for the patients at the age up to 55, and the
      branches of the left coronary artery are the most suitable for direct mammary
      coronary anastomosis.

PMID- 695209
TI  - [New method of closed suprafascial transection of the communicating veins in
      varicose disease].

PMID- 695210
TI  - [Surgical anatomy of the saphenous vein over the length of the leg and a technic
      for phlebectomy].
AB  - A thorough preparation of the superficial veins of the leg posterior surface in
      250 operations upon the patients with primary varicosity of the veins and with
      postthrombophlebitic syndrome of the lower extremities permitted the author to
      describe the main individual varieties of surgical anatomy of the small
      subcutaneous vein, its anastomoses and to develop a new method of the layer-by
      layer phlebectomy.

PMID- 695211
TI  - [Cause of failures in the cryodestruction of malignant tumors of the oral mucosa
      and tongue and the ways to increase the effectiveness of cryogenic action].
AB  - On the grounds of clinical observations over the use of cryodestruction on 109
      patients with malignant neoplasms of maxillofacial localization it has been found
      that the recurrence took place mainly in cases when neoplasm was localized close
      to the large vessels (e.g. the lingual artery). The authors suggest to increase
      the cryoeffect through the artificial weakening of the speed of the blood flow in
      the vessels of the regions exposed to freezing. With this object in view, special
      experiments have been carried out and their results are described in the article.

PMID- 695212
TI  - [Result a decade after radiation therapy and the intrathoracic resection of the
      esophagus with its one-stage replacement by the stomach in a female esophageal
      cancer patient].

PMID- 695213
TI  - [Volvulus of the omentum majus].

PMID- 695214
TI  - [Combination of parathyroid adenoma with adenomatosis of the thyroid and pancreas
      and polyposis of the stomach].

PMID- 695215
TI  - [Combination of total polyposis and lipoma of the colon].

PMID- 695216
TI  - [Staphylococcal wound infection and the problems of antibacterial therapy].
AB  - An analysis of a qualitative composition of wound microflora grounded on the
      findings of the clinico-bacteriological examination of 315 cases with various pyo
      inflammatory processes is presented here, and specific features of the species
      composition of wound microflora depending upon the character of a pyo
      inflammatory process are shown. The sensitivity of staphylococcuses isolated from
      the wounds, to 19 antibacterial preparations is analyzed and recommendations on
      the most rational and differentiated use of antibacterial drugs in various forms
      of a purulent process of staphylococcal eti-logy are suggested.

PMID- 695217
TI  - [Modern potentials of the x-ray contrast study of abdominal wounds].

PMID- 695218
TI  - Feline myeloproliferative disease. Changing manifestations in the peripheral
      blood.
AB  - A 4 1/2-year-old cat had myeloproliferative disease characterized by severe
      anemia. Peripheral blood had a profusion of relatively normal-appearing nucleated
      erythroid cells in all stages of development and a few primitive cells with
      nucleoli. The term "erythremic myelosis" best described the appearance of the
      peripheral blood. Two weeks later, the peripheral blood picture was that of
      regenerative anemia. During the next 2 months the cat made an apparent clinical
      recovery without treatment, but relapsed 3 months after the initial examination.
      One-fourth of the cells in circulation at the time of relapse contained nucleoli
      and appeared identical to those described in reticuloendotheliosis in cats. This
      transition suggested the progressive development of a greater degree of
      immaturity of erythroid precusors with time. The use of the term
      "reticuloendotheliosis" in conjunction with feline myeloproliferative disease was
      considered and determined inappropriate.

PMID- 695219
TI  - Isolation of the causative organism of canine encephalitozoonosis.
AB  - Spontaneous infection with Encephalitozoon cuniculi resulted in a lethal disease
      in all but one of a litter of puppies in Texas. The disease was characterized by
      severe nonsuppurative nephritis, encephalitis and segmental vasculitis. Many
      protozoa were in renal tubule cells, endothelial cells and brain. The number of
      organisms decreased and the granulomatous character of the lesions became more
      prominent as the disease progressed. Sera from affected puppies and their parents
      reacted in an indirect immunofluorescence test with canine E. cuniculi propagated
      in vitro. The sera of owners of affected pups were negative.

PMID- 695220
TI  - [Developmental studies on melanoma of the skin and mouth mucosa of dogs].
AB  - Progressive studies in dogs with skin and oral melanomas were undertaken to
      determine whether or not the WHO-classification of melanomas, which is based
      mainly on histological criteria, reflects sufficiently the biological behaviour
      of these tumours. Furthermore, some prognostic parameters, important in the
      prognosis of human malignant melanomas were tested with respect to their
      significance for canine melanomas. The paper deals with progressive studies in
      182 dogs with surgically treated benign and malignant skin and oral melanomas.
      Parameters of the biological behaviour were the 2 years death rate and the median
      survival time. The melanomas were classified according to the recommendations of
      the WHO. Within 2 years after the first treatment five (5.7%) of 87 dogs with
      benign skin melanomas, 29 (65.9%) of 44 dogs with malignant skin melanomas and 44
      (86.2%) of 55 dogs with malignant oral melanomas were killed because of
      recurrence or metastases or both. The median survival time of dogs with benign
      skin melanomas was more than 24 months, with malignant skin melanomas 8 months
      and with malignant oral melanomas 3 months. In dogs with large malignant skin
      melanomas the 2 years death rate was 100% with a median survival time of 4
      months, whereas animals with small melanomas had a 2 years death rate of 54.3%
      and a median survival time of 12 months. The site of skin melanomas, sex and
      histological type of both skin and oral melanomas, however, had no significant
      influence on the course of the disease. Also, histological parameters, important
      in the prognosis of human malignant melanoma (rate of mitosis, size of nucleoli,
      pigmentation and vascular invasion), had no significant influence on the course
      of the disease.

PMID- 695221
TI  - Hypoplasia of the left ventricle in four ruminants.
AB  - Two different congenital malformations of the heart were seen in two calves and
      two ewe lambs. In all these malformations the left ventricle was more or less
      hypoplastic; it was small with a narrow lumen and a thick wall. In one
      malformation the aorta began as a cul-de-sac above the left ventricle; in the
      other, the aorta arose from the right ventricle, to the right of the
      supraventricular crest.

PMID- 695222
TI  - Extraneuraxial canine meningioma. A light and electron microscopic study.
AB  - A tumor mass removed from the subcutaneous tissue of the shoulder of a dog had
      the light and electron microscopic features of extraneuraxial meningioma. The
      neoplasm probably arose from arachnoid cap cells displaced during embryogenesis.

PMID- 695223
TI  - Malignant medulloepithelioma of the optic nerve in a horse.
AB  - An 18-month-old Standardbred filly had a large intraocular tumor involving the
      optic nerve. The tumor was a malignant medulloepithelioma, a rare intraocular
      neoplasm derived from the primitive medullary epithelium. By light microscopy the
      tumor had cords and lobules of primitive neuroepithelial cells that formed clefts
      and true rosettes. Electron microscopy of the rosettes showed a girdle of zonulae
      adherentes joining the apices of the cells as well as several basal bodies. This
      is the sixth report of equine intraocular medulloepithelioma, and, to the best of
      our knowledge, the first intraocular medulloepithelioma arising from the optic
      nerve head in a horse. Massive involvement of the optic nerve should be suspected
      when an eye containing an intraocular mass in the posterior segment lacks light
      perception. In such cases a long segment of opitc nerve should be resected.

PMID- 695224
TI  - Bovine onchocerciasis caused by Onchocerca armillata and O. gutturosa.
AB  - Onchocerca armillata was found in 284 (28%) of 1,016 aortas, and O. gutturosa in
      82 (28.87%) of 284 nuchal ligaments and in 11 (7.85%) of 140 rumenosplenic areas
      in specimens from cattle slaughtered during a 12-month period. Adult parasites
      were not found in 600 hides. Gross lesions included parasitic tunnels, nodules,
      roughening and calcification in the aortic walls. The connective tissue of nuchal
      ligaments and rumenosplenic areas was increased in amount, was gelatinous and
      brown and had afew nodules, Microscopically there were acute changes with oedema,
      haemorrhages and cellular infiltrations predominatly by eosinophils. There were
      chronic granulomatous reactions characterized by accumulation of macrophages,
      lymphocytes, plasma cells, giant cells, calcification and fibrosis around
      degenerate and dead parasites. Neutral fat was in parasites and surrounding
      cells. Both changes often occurred in the same specimen and many samples had
      parasites but no tissue reaction. Hypersensitivity, foreign-body reactions and
      parasitic toxins apparently were involved in the genesis of these lesions.

PMID- 695225
TI  - Morphology of the "sulphur granules" (Drusen) in some actinomycotic infections. A
      light and electron microscopic study.

PMID- 695226
TI  - Renal oxalosis in neonatal calves.
AB  - Kidney tissures were collected from 142 calves during a study of pre- and
      perinatal mortality. Fifty-six calves had oxalate crystals in their renal tissue.
      Thirty-four of the 56 had either single or multiple congenital defects, mostly of
      the skeleton. Twenty-two of the 56 died of causes other than congenital defects.
      The renal oxalosis was more pronounced in those calves affected with congenital
      anomalies.

PMID- 695227
TI  - Intracranial teratoma in a domestic rabbit.
AB  - A solid and cystic suprasellar teratoma was found in a rabbit killed because of
      incoordination. The tumor consisted of neural cells, cysts lined by various types
      of epithelium, respiratory mucosa, gastric mucosa, mucous and mucoserous glands,
      collagenous connective tissue, cartilage and fat.

PMID- 695228
TI  - Fish oil-induced yellow fat disease in rats. III. Lipolysis in affected adipose
      tissue.
AB  - Basal and hormone-stimulated lipolysis of adipose tissue was measured at
      successive stages during the development of fish oil-induced yellow fat disease
      in rats. Changes of lipolytic activity at an early stage of yellow fat disease
      were not seen. There was a significant increase of basal lipolysis and a decrease
      of stimulated lipolysis when many fat cells were affected (stage E). Since the
      increased basal lipolysis probably originates from degenerated fat cells, the
      mechanism of enzyme activation is not clear. The decreased stimulated lipolysis
      was proportional to the number of affected fat cells and resulted from membrane
      damage of these cells. Increased 5-nucleotidase activity, seen in affected fat
      cells, may be important, to this reduced stimulated lipolysis.

PMID- 695229
TI  - Clinicopathological studies in experimental hypothyroidism in goats.
AB  - Goats given thiourea had hypothyroidism in various degrees. There was reduction
      in weight gain and oedema of face and limbs. There was an increase in serum
      cholesterol which was highest in goats given the lowest dose of thiourea. Protein
      bound iodine decreased sharply and there was an increase in plasma protein.

PMID- 695230
TI  - Multiple splenic myelolipomas in a cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus).

PMID- 695231
TI  - Phaeomycotic granuloma in a cat.

PMID- 695232
TI  - Pathology of glanders in horses in Iraq.

PMID- 695233
TI  - Evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid in the dog.

PMID- 695234
TI  - Heat and conception rate after synchronisation of oestrus with cloprostenol.
AB  - The intensity of induced oestrus in heifers on high and low nutritional planes
      was graded according to the degree of uterine contraction and cervical relaxation
      and the volume of oestrous mucus, and correlated with the pregnancy rates after
      insemination. In the heifers on a high nutritional plane, the heat was more
      intensely expressed and the conception rates were greater than in the poorly fed
      animals. In both groups the conception rate was lower in treated heifers than in
      untreated controls but this difference was minimal on a high plane of nutrition.

PMID- 695235
TI  - Selenium deficiency.

PMID- 695236
TI  - Control of bovine ostertagiasis.

PMID- 695237
TI  - Selenium deficiency.

PMID- 695238
TI  - Urolithiasis in a gerbil.

PMID- 695239
TI  - Radiographic technique.

PMID- 695240
TI  - Uses of diagnostic radiology in veterinary practice.

PMID- 695241
TI  - Radiation protection in veterinary practice.

PMID- 695243
TI  - AI bulls: quality controls to be relaxed.

PMID- 695242
TI  - Anthelmintic treatment of dairy cows for Ostertagia infection.

PMID- 695244
TI  - The value of embryo transfer to cattle breeding in Britain.
AB  - An analysis is made of the maximum expenditure which could be justified in embryo
      transfer in cattle is used to: increase the rate of genetic improvement of dairy
      or beef cattle; increase the frequency of twin-pregnancies; and expedite a change
      of breed. Estimates of maximum justifiable expenditure have been compared with an
      estimate of the cost of non-surgical transfer. Embryo transfer should be used in
      elite beef herds to increase selection intensity, particularly if bulls from such
      herds can be used for artificial insemination. Other commercial applications will
      not be economically justifiable until the cost of transfer has fallen by 50 to 80
      per cent.

PMID- 695245
TI  - Dealing with data: the practical use of numerical information. (5) Proportions
      and contingencies.

PMID- 695246
TI  - The Sertoli cell index as a measure of testicular degeneration in the bull.
AB  - Testicular degeneration of 1200 Sokoto Gudali bulls was studied and related to
      the Sertoli cell index (SCI). The total incidence of testicular degeneration
      (18.3 per cent) was in agreement with previous findings among similar bulls. The
      degree of degeneration was slight in 10 per cent of bulls, moderate in 5.8 per
      cent and severe in 2.6 per cent. The averages of the SCI for the normal testes
      and for the slight, moderate and severe degenerations were 11.5, 11.0, 8.8 and
      5.4 respectively. The significance of the SCI as an index of testicular
      degeneration could not be assessed because of the many factors involved, such as
      tubular diameter, age of bulls and causes of degeneration.

PMID- 695247
TI  - Bruising in cattle transported over long distances.
AB  - The relative susceptibility of cattle of different sexes to bruising was examined
      in five trials. In each trial there were three groups of cattle--bullocks, cows
      and mixed (bullocks and cows). The weight of bruised tissue trimmed from the
      carcases of the cows was significantly greater than that trimmed from the
      carcases of bullocks. The amount of bruising in cows, but not in bullocks,
      increased with increase in duration of journey. There was no evidence to suggest
      that differences in carcase weight or temperament, or "riding" of cows in oestrus
      were major contributing factors to the different levels of bruising.

PMID- 695248
TI  - Penicillin resistant staphylococci.

PMID- 695250
TI  - African swine fever: why there is concern.

PMID- 695249
TI  - Unexpected death after abomasum replacement.

PMID- 695251
TI  - VPC looks at adverse drug reactions.

PMID- 695252
TI  - African swine fever--an emerging problem. A statement from Pirbright and
      Tolworth.

PMID- 695253
TI  - A severe outbreak of bovine mastitis assoicated with Mycoplasma bovigenitalium
      and Acholeplasma laidlawii.
AB  - An outbreak of clinical mastitis is described in which 75 cows of a herd of 200
      Friesian cows were affected in one or more quarters over a period of three
      months. Sixty animals failed to return to normal despite various intramammary and
      systemic antibiotic treatments. Heifers, dry cows and lactating animals were
      affected. The milk of 15 out of 53 animals tested yielded mixed cultures of
      Mycoplasma bovigenitalium and Acholeplasma laidlawii. Thirteen of 34 sera showed
      evidence of antibodies to A laidlawii.

PMID- 695254
TI  - Thiophanate as a low daily dosage anthelmintic in sheep.
AB  - Thiophanate administered daily at low dosages reduced nematode faecal egg output,
      egg hatchability and parasitic worm burdens in treated lambs and ewes. Six daily
      doses of 1 or 3 mg per kg thiophanate (approximately 1/25th  to 1/75th of the
      median therapeutic dose), given to lambs experimently infected with
      Trichostrongylus colubriformis, were partially effective in suppressing faecal
      egg output and egg hatchability. Six doses of 5 mg per kg per day were effective
      in lambs infected with Haemonchus contortus and Nematodirus spathiger. Daily
      doses of thiophanate (50 or 200 mg per head) given over 14 weeks to lambs grazing
      contaminated pasture resulted in improved productivity (the higher dosage) and
      suppression of output of viable eggs and reduced worm burdens (both dosages).
      Reduced output of viable eggs was also obtained in housed, lactating ewes
      receiving 5 or 7 mg per kg thiophanate dispersed daily in the feed for 11 or nine
      weeks respectively after lambing.

PMID- 695255
TI  - 25-hydroxycholecalciferol for prevention of "milk fever" in dairy cows.
AB  - Intramuscular injections of 4 or 8 mg 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH D3) in 5
      ml corn oil given three days before the predicted calving date and repeated at
      weekly intervals until calving effectively reduced the incidence of parturient
      paresis. Drug efficacy was improved in cows receiving low to normal recommended
      levels of dietary phosphorus prepartum. With proper management techniques, 25-OH
      D3 could prevent parturient paresis in dairy cattle.

PMID- 695256
TI  - The isolation of Mycoplasma bovis from pneumonic calves in Scotland.

PMID- 695257
TI  - Isolation of Haemorphilus parahaemolyticus from pigs in Scotland.

PMID- 695258
TI  - Disbudding kids.

PMID- 695259
TI  - Shepherd's scours and ovine Camphylobacter abortion--A "new" zoonosis?

PMID- 695260
TI  - Sarcoptes mites on a puppy in Northern Nigeria.

PMID- 695261
TI  - Selenium deficiency.

PMID- 695262
TI  - The persistence of Brucella abortus infection in calves: a retrospective study of
      heavily infected herds.
AB  - A retrospective inquiry into 170 herds which were slaughtered in the first three
      years of the brucella eradication scheme found that in the 115 herds where all
      animals were slaughtered there were no subsequent breakdowns, other than in herds
      which were restocked with imported animals. In the 46 herds in which only the
      adult stock were slaughtered, 11 herds suffered breakdowns. In 10 of these 11
      herds the sources of reinfection were possibly reprieved heifers. Seven out of
      the 11 initial reactors in these 10 herds were known to be offspring of reactor
      dams, one was born of a serologically negative dam and in the other three cases
      the dams were not identified. Out of the 11 initial reactors, six could have
      acquired infection at any time up to and including puberty, but in five cases
      infection could only have been acquired in utero or in early calfhood. It is
      estimated that under the circumstances of the British eradication scheme there is
      a risk of 2.52 per cent of heifer calves born of serologically positive dams
      reacting in early adulthood and thus constituting a risk to the re-established
      herds.

PMID- 695263
TI  - Solanum malacoxylon toxicity to pigs.
AB  - Newly weaned pigs were given Solanum malacoxylon at dose rates of 0.2 and 1.0 g
      per kg body-weight per week for eight weeks. The Solanum malacoxylon was given
      either as an aqueous extract (SM) or as an aqueous extract incubated with fresh
      rumen liquor (SMLR). Tubulonephrosis, dose related in severity, was evident in
      all treated pigs and focal calcification in kidney and lung occurred in pigs
      receiving the higher dose rate. There was a marked hypercalcaemia and
      hypophosphataemia over the trial period; the latter feature was in contrast with
      the hyperphosphataemia produced in sheep. Incubation of SM with rumen liquor
      enhanced hypophosphataemia at both dose levels in the pig but its effect on serum
      calcium was equivocal.

PMID- 695264
TI  - Bovine auto-immune haemolytic anaemia.
AB  - A six-months-old heifer died within two days of showing signs of anaemia and
      dyspnoea. The death was attributed to autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AHA) because
      of auto-agglutination which increased on Coomb's testing and the presence of
      antibovine IgG on the erythrocyte surfaces.

PMID- 695265
TI  - Amputation of the forelimb in a pony mare.

PMID- 695266
TI  - The measurement of milk progesterone in suckled cows.

PMID- 695267
TI  - The metabolisable energy system for use in dairy and beef cattle rations.

PMID- 695268
TI  - Pulmonary cystic emphysema in piglets.

PMID- 695269
TI  - The Missouri stabbing stick.

PMID- 695270
TI  - [1st results].

PMID- 695271
TI  - [Let us increase the effectiveness of brucellosis control].

PMID- 695272
TI  - [Daily attention to animal breeding].

PMID- 695273
TI  - [All the same it is a pity for the thoughtless attitude toward veterinary
      specialists].

PMID- 695274
TI  - [All the same it is a pity for the thoughtless attitude toward veterinary
      specialists].

PMID- 695275
TI  - [All the same it is a pity for the thoughtless attitude toward veterinary
      specialists].

PMID- 695276
TI  - [Prevention and treatment of Haematopinus infestation in swine].

PMID- 695277
TI  - [Action of ionizing radiation on laying hens].

PMID- 695278
TI  - [Cattle sensitivity to tuberculin].

PMID- 695279
TI  - [Intensification of animal breeding].

PMID- 695280
TI  - [Prevention of pullorum disease in chicks].

PMID- 695281
TI  - [Poultry resistance to leukosis].

PMID- 695282
TI  - [Feed granules against strongyloidiasis in sheep].

PMID- 695283
TI  - [Characteristics of the pathogenesis of lerniasis, arguliasis and
      posthodiplostomiasis].

PMID- 695284
TI  - [Complex therapeutic additive for ketosis and secondary osteodystrophy in cows].

PMID- 695285
TI  - [100 calves from 100 cows].

PMID- 695286
TI  - [Resistance and stress in the etiology of dyspepsia in calves].

PMID- 695287
TI  - [Diagnosis of hypovitaminosis E in poultry].

PMID- 695288
TI  - [Effect of a trace element complex on calf development].

PMID- 695290
TI  - [Natural body resistance in female axis deer].

PMID- 695289
TI  - [Lipid-protein complex and glycogen indices in piglets].

PMID- 695291
TI  - [Blood biochemical indices in sows].

PMID- 695292
TI  - [Amino acid and protein content in the amniotic fluid of cows].

PMID- 695293
TI  - [Let us develop competition].

PMID- 695294
TI  - [Cage battery for the maintenance of rabbits].

PMID- 695295
TI  - [Evaluation of programmed control methods].

PMID- 695296
TI  - [Graduation of a faculty of improved qualifications].

PMID- 695297
TI  - [Problems in reproduction].

PMID- 695298
TI  - [Unity of science and practice].

PMID- 695299
TI  - [Colostral immunity study of calves born of cows that have recovered from foot
      and-mouth disease].

PMID- 695300
TI  - [Effect of temperature on the biological properties of the rabies virus].

PMID- 695301
TI  - [Morphological changes in the lymph nodes in the early stage of leukemia].

PMID- 695302
TI  - [Let us improve the veterinary service to animal husbandry].

PMID- 695303
TI  - [Salmonella carrier state in swine].

PMID- 695304
TI  - [Effect of water temperature on the development of aeromoniasis in fish].

PMID- 695305
TI  - [Use of chlorophos in parascariasis, strongylosis and gasterophiliasis in
      horses].

PMID- 695306
TI  - [Prediction of the times of development of the sheep nose bot].

PMID- 695307
TI  - [Treating sheep against sheep nose bots].

PMID- 695308
TI  - [Oribatid mites in honeybee nests].

PMID- 695309
TI  - [Effect of the Varroa jacobsoni tick on the biochemical indices of the bee].

PMID- 695310
TI  - Determination of fetal movement activity in cows.

PMID- 695311
TI  - [Clinical biochemical blood indices in sows].

PMID- 695312
TI  - [From the practice of gynecology and artificial insemination].

PMID- 695313
TI  - [Vitamin E prophylaxis of white muscle disease].

PMID- 695314
TI  - [Castration of bulls in fattening pens].

PMID- 695315
TI  - [Injector for administering biopreparations].

PMID- 695316
TI  - [Determination of cesium-137 in vegetables].

PMID- 695317
TI  - [Prevention and treatment of poisonings (a survey of materials submitted to the
      editors)].

PMID- 695318
TI  - [Nitrate poisoning of livestock].

PMID- 695319
TI  - [Effect of copper oxychloride in fish].

PMID- 695320
TI  - [Natural resistance in livestock to 2,4-D poisoning].

PMID- 695321
TI  - [Use of the complement fixation inhibition reaction for the retrospective
      diagnosis of foot-and-mouth disease].

PMID- 695322
TI  - Data on the incidence of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) in Romania.
AB  - A programme for the active detection of SSPE cases hospitalized in the Clinic for
      Infantile Neuropsychiatry within the "Dr. Gh. Marinescu" Hospital, Bucharest, was
      initiated in 1975. The diagnosis relied on clinical, electroencephalographic and
      seroimmunological criteria. Thirty-three cases were sufficiently documented to be
      considered as SSPE (mean age on onset: 6.1 years; male/female ratio: 3.7).
      Clinical, immunological and epidemiological particularities resulting from this
      investigation are presented and epidemiological parameters of SSPE are discussed
      in relation to measles mortality data. The incidence of SSPE--a lethal persistent
      measles infection--points to the necessity of antimeasles vaccination.

PMID- 695323
TI  - Adenovirus-induced lipid changes in human erythrocytes.
AB  - Lipid changes in human erythrocytes treated with adenovirus types 5, 7, 8, 9, 10,
      12, 13 and 27 were studied by thin-layer chromatography. Twenty-two of the human
      lipids revealed qualitative changes induced by one or several virus types; 12 of
      these alterations were found to be type-specific and they occurred only in
      response to subgroup II viruses. Six lipids reacted with 2 adenovirus types, one
      lipid reacted with 3 and one lipid with 4 types. Two lipids (belonging to the
      lecithin and lysocephalin groups) were responsive to all 8 types; they might
      represent those points in the lipoprotein layer of the cell membrane which are
      common receptors of adenoviruses and adeno- and influenza viruses, respectively.

PMID- 695324
TI  - Mutants of bacteriophage lambda which do not requre the cIII gene for efficient
      lysogenization.

PMID- 695325
TI  - In vitro methylation of adenosine residues in reovirus RNA.

PMID- 695326
TI  - Temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza virus. XV. The genetic and biological
      characterization of a recombinant influenza virus containing two ts lesions
      produced by mating two complementing, single lesion ts mutants.

PMID- 695327
TI  - Temperature-sensitive mutants of influenza virus. XVI. Transfer of the two ts
      lesions present in the Udorn/72-ts-1A2 donor virus to the Victoria/3/75 wild-type
      virus.

PMID- 695328
TI  - Transcription termination sites in the major leftward operon of coliphage lambda.

PMID- 695329
TI  - Aminoacylation properties of eggplant mosaic virus RNA. Separation and
      association of tRNAs.

PMID- 695330
TI  - Molecular weights of RNA segments of influenza A and B viruses.

PMID- 695331
TI  - [Age-related differences in cellular immune response to rubella: possible
      implications in vaccine reactogenicity (author's transl)].

PMID- 695332
TI  - [Derivation of high-yielding influenza A virus recombinants for vaccine
      production (author's transl)].

PMID- 695333
TI  - Plan and operation of the HANES I augmentation survey of adults 25-74 years
      United States, 1974-1975.

PMID- 695334
TI  - Total serum cholesterol levels of children 4-17 years. United States, 1971-74.

PMID- 695335
TI  - The National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey: 1975 summary. United States, January
      -December 1975.

PMID- 695336
TI  - Utilization of short-stay hospitals: annual summary for the United States, 1976.

PMID- 695337
TI  - [Hemodynamic picture of acute pulmonary embolism in patients without associated
      cardiopulmonary disease].

PMID- 695338
TI  - [Effect of digitalis in the acute phase of myocardial infarct].

PMID- 695339
TI  - [Postinfarct heart aneurysm. Electrocardiographic and mechanocardiographic
      studies].

PMID- 695340
TI  - [Experience with an esophageal electrode in the diagnosis of supraventricular
      arrhythmias].

PMID- 695341
TI  - [Disordered insulin secretion as a risk factor in myocardial infarct].

PMID- 695342
TI  - [Bacterial strains found in significant bacteriuria in diabetics].

PMID- 695343
TI  - [Biguanides and lactate acidosis].

PMID- 695344
TI  - [The contribution of endoscopy of the upper digestive tract to clinical
      diagnosis].

PMID- 695345
TI  - [Complex functional scintigraphic examination of the pancreas].

PMID- 695346
TI  - [Current diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities in primary bronchial cancer].

PMID- 695347
TI  - [Xeroradiography in the early diagnosis of breast cancer].

PMID- 695348
TI  - [Poisoning with mushrooms of the Cortinarius species].

PMID- 695349
TI  - [Monitoring of patients with atrial septal defects following surgery using
      noninvasive methods].

PMID- 695350
TI  - [Relationship between gastric polyps and the gastric mucosa].

PMID- 695351
TI  - [The ammonia and protein tolerance test in patients with liver diseases].

PMID- 695352
TI  - [Methodological features of renal vein catheterization during sample collection
      for the determination of renin activity and for directed phlebography in patients
      with arterial hypertension].

PMID- 695353
TI  - [Hyperlipoproteinemia and diabetes mellitus].

PMID- 695354
TI  - [Effect of short-time syntophylline administration on glucose tolerance].

PMID- 695355
TI  - [Levels of serum insulin and free fatty acids as well as glycemia following food
      intake in obese diabetics].

PMID- 695356
TI  - [Chloramphenicol and its place in the series of our therapeutic possibilities].

PMID- 695357
TI  - [Utilization of cytochemical examination of nonheme iron].

PMID- 695358
TI  - [Cooperation of the hematologist and orthopedist in the treatment of
      plasmacytoma].

PMID- 695359
TI  - [Psychological problems of patients with hemoblastoses during antineoplastic
      therapy].

PMID- 695360
TI  - [Psychotic condition following sudden termination of steroid therapy].

PMID- 695361
TI  - [Toward further improvement in personnel medical support of the Air Force].

PMID- 695362
TI  - [Socialist competition is an important factor in improving troop medical
      support].

PMID- 695364
TI  - [Organizational characteristics of the medical support for troop night
      operations].

PMID- 695363
TI  - [Management bases of a medical service].

PMID- 695365
TI  - [Training and specialization of aviation physicians].

PMID- 695366
TI  - [Specialization and military medicine].

PMID- 695367
TI  - [Health education in the military school].

PMID- 695368
TI  - [Lesions of the upper respiratory tracts in burn patients].

PMID- 695369
TI  - [Clinical use of heterogenous peritoneum for treating surface burns].

PMID- 695370
TI  - [Role of sanitary inspection in preventing acute intestinal infections].

PMID- 695371
TI  - [Evaluation of the effect of working conditions on the morbidity among
      servicemen].

PMID- 695372
TI  - [Increase in the radiostability of alkaloids].

PMID- 695373
TI  - [Preflight medical control over flight personnel].

PMID- 695374
TI  - [Substantiation of the physiological criteria for the occupational selection of
      divers and caisson workers].

PMID- 695375
TI  - [Effect of traumatic action on the extent of subarachnoid hemorrhages].

PMID- 695376
TI  - [Clinical variants of the initial stage of cerebral arteriosclerosis].

PMID- 695377
TI  - [Complicated peptic ulcer in servicemen on active duty].

PMID- 695378
TI  - [Clinical and morphological parallels in simple appendicitis].

PMID- 695379
TI  - [Role of a garrison medical service chief in preventing infectious diseases].

PMID- 695380
TI  - [Symptomless and oligosymptomatic pneumonias].

PMID- 695381
TI  - [Urgent problems of the physical rehabilitation of cardiovascular patients].

PMID- 695382
TI  - [Methodological principles of therapeutic exercise for patients in the
      postinfarct period at a polyclinic].

PMID- 695383
TI  - [Indices of the adaptation of myocardial infarct patients to orthostatic
      effects].

PMID- 695384
TI  - [Adaptational potentials of cardiac hemodynamic function in hypertension patients
      during the rehabilitation process].

PMID- 695385
TI  - [Changes in arterial pressure in hypertension patients engaged in therapeutic
      gymnastics at a polyclinic].

PMID- 695386
TI  - [Effect of measured physical loads on patients with fibrillary arrhythmia].

PMID- 695387
TI  - [Medical and social aspects of the rehabilitation of patients who have undergone
      operations on the stomach for peptic ulcer].

PMID- 695388
TI  - [Use of physical factors in the treatment and rehabilitation of patients with
      joint and spinal diseases].

PMID- 695389
TI  - [Increasing the effectiveness of physical exercises in treating acute pneumonia].

PMID- 695390
TI  - [Seasonal dynamics of the immunological indices in virtually healthy persons in
      the temperate climatic zone].

PMID- 695391
TI  - [Action of centimeter-band electromagnetic waves on the coagulating and
      fibrinolytic blood systems (an experimental study)].

PMID- 695392
TI  - [Effect of ultrasonic or hydrocortisone ointment phonophoresis treatment on the
      noncapsulated skin receptors in chronic vulvar dystrophies (according to electron
      microscopic data)].

PMID- 695393
TI  - [Physical exercises in water in the overall treatment of cardiovascular disease
      patients].

PMID- 695394
TI  - [Negative effect of hypolinesia in relation to trauma and measures to prevent
      it].

PMID- 695395
TI  - [Use of low-frequency and low-intensity pulse currents (electrosleep) for
      treating and rehabilitating ischemic heart disease patients (a note on
      methodological recommendations)].

PMID- 695396
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of gastric and duodenal peptic ulcer in children].

PMID- 695397
TI  - [Gastric motor function in duodenal peptic ulcer in children].

PMID- 695398
TI  - [Fat hydrolysis and absorption in gastroduodenitis in children].

PMID- 695399
TI  - [Jejunitis in children].

PMID- 695400
TI  - [Esophagogastroduodenoscopy of children at a polyclinic].

PMID- 695401
TI  - [Histological studies of incisional gastroduodenal biopsies in diabetes mellitus
      in children].

PMID- 695402
TI  - [Absorptive function of the small intestine in children suffering from polyposis
      of the large intestine (according to D-xylose test data)].

PMID- 695403
TI  - [Conservative treatment of external intestinal fistulae in children].

PMID- 695404
TI  - [Meckel's diverticulum and its complications in children].

PMID- 695405
TI  - [Experience in treating chronic pancreatitis in children].

PMID- 695406
TI  - [Intensive therapy and the outcome of hepatic coma in liver cirrhosis in
      children].

PMID- 695407
TI  - [Functional state of the biliary tracts in viral hepatis in children].

PMID- 695408
TI  - [Late observations in serum hepatitis in children].

PMID- 695409
TI  - [Role of clinical x-ray analysis in evaluating the results of the surgical
      treatment of children with bronchopulmonary pathology].

PMID- 695410
TI  - [Histological changes in the gastric and duodenal mucosa of children with
      gastroduodenal diseases].

PMID- 695411
TI  - [Rheographic studies of the liver in pregnant women with chronic
      hepatocholecystitis placed on qualitatively varying nutrition].

PMID- 695412
TI  - [Carbohydrate metabolic indices in the amniotic fluid and in the maternal and
      fetal blood during normally proceeding labor].

PMID- 695413
TI  - [Placental hormonal function in certain types of pregnancy pathology].

PMID- 695414
TI  - [State of the metabolic processes in pregnant women potentially inclined to a
      prolonged course of labor activity].

PMID- 695415
TI  - [Pancreatic acinar adenoma in a child].

PMID- 695416
TI  - [State of iron metabolism in pregnant women with placental insufficiency].

PMID- 695417
TI  - [Therapeutic tactics in primary synchronous bilateral breast cancer].

PMID- 695418
TI  - [Histologic classification and nomenclature of breast tumors].

PMID- 695419
TI  - [Enhancing the effect of radiation therapy of malignant tumors by means of UHF
      hyperthermic exposure].
AB  - In the experiments (605 animals) and clinically (145 patients with malignant
      neoplasms) the authors have studied the possibility to use superhigh-frequency
      electromagnetic hyperthermia (42 degrees), associated with ionizing radiation in
      the complex treatment of tumors. The superhigh-frequency electromagnetic
      hyperthermia is really one of the ways to enhance the radiosensitivity of a
      neoplastic tissue. Ionizing radiation and SHF-hyperthermia used simultaneously
      provide for the directed and prompt disactivation of tumor cells.

PMID- 695420
TI  - [Estradiol reception and enzyme induction in mouse mammary gland neoplasms].
AB  - Under study was the dependence of mammary gland tumors growth on ovarian hormones
      level in C3H and DD mice. Tumors arising spontaneously were transplanted to 30-
      40 mice of the same strain, and tumors of the first passage were studied. The
      experiments were undertaken on ovariectomized and hormone-treated animals; the
      latter were given estradiol-benzoate and progesterone injections weekly during a
      month in the dosage of 5 mcg and 400 mcg per animal, respectively. Out of 6
      tumors in C3H mice no one responded to ovariectomy or hormone administration by
      changes in the growth rate. Of 25 tumors in DD mice the transplants of one were
      found to respond to the ovarian hormones administration by a substantial increase
      of the growth rate. Only in these tumors a high level of estradiol receptors was
      noted. It was established that these tumors responded to the estradiol treatment
      by induction of the hexokinase and glucose-6-phosphatedehydrogenase activities.
      It is supposed that the changes in the enzymes activity under estradiol treatment
      in mammary gland tumors are indicative of their hormone-dependence.

PMID- 695421
TI  - [Clinical symptoms of cancer and precancerous diseases of the breast].
AB  - Data of the examination of 143 patients with limited forms of cancer and benign
      tumors of the mammary gland have been analysed. Mention is made of certain
      difficulties in establishing the differential diagnosis of such tumors based only
      on the clinical symptoms. The tumorigenesis may be established by using some
      accessory diagnostic methods: a cytological test of the tumor punctate and the
      breast nipple discharge, as well as a sectorial resection of the involved mammary
      gland portion with an express histological analysis of the preparation.
      Mammography aids to precisely determine the tumor size. Clinically, the true
      proliferation of the tumor is difficult to recognize, but it may be recognized
      after radical mastectomy and histological investigation of the whole preparation.

PMID- 695422
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer].

PMID- 695423
TI  - [Protein bound iodine indices in patients with mastopathy].
AB  - Under study was the content of blood protein bound iodine (SBI) in 102 patients
      with mastopathy, aged from 18 to 44 years. The law of distribution of these
      indices was formulated, and the mean values were determined for 6
      ethiopathogenetic groups of patients. The mean value for the whole selected group
      prior to the treatment (3.95 +/- 0.14 mKg%) was significantly less than in the
      control group of healthy females (5.81 +/- 0.21 mKg%). The asthenic-depressive
      syndrome and other factors were shown to influence the changes in the thyroid
      activity in some patients with mastopathy.

PMID- 695424
TI  - [Cytologic findings in infiltrative carcinoma of the breast].
AB  - In the work different cytologic patterns of infiltrative breast carcinoma are
      systematized. Based on cytomorphological, cytometric and cytochemical studies 3
      types of cancer cytographs are distinguished: low-differentiated, with a moderate
      differentiation of the parenchyma and high-differentiated. This systematization
      may enable the precise cytological conclusion to be made, but in a number of
      cases the histological typing of a tumor too. The cytological data on the degree
      of cancer dedifferentiation may be used clinically to prognosticate the immediate
      effect of irradiation on the tumor. The degree of breast cancer
      dedifferentiation, evidenced by cytological preparations, not always corresponds
      to the grade of tumor malignancy revealed histologically.

PMID- 695425
TI  - [Cytologic study of pharmaceutical pathomorphosis in breast cancer patients].
AB  - Use of a quantitation method of calculating the percentage of cells changed
      dystrophically (PCCD) in cytology for studying pharmaceutical pathomorphism has
      evidenced that the higher PCCD, i. e. the more significant the regression rate,
      the more considerable were cytographic changes. In the cases, which proved to be
      largely resistant to the administered cytostatics, PCCD was either low or there
      were no increased dystrophic changes on cytographs, or even the enhancement of
      anaplastic signs in tumor cells was noted. Thus, the use of the method under
      consideration to study pharmaceutical pathomorphism provides the opportunity to
      more, precisely determine the rate of regression, i. e. to estimate the degree of
      damaging of malignant cells, and also to timely recognize the development of the
      malignant cells resistance to cytostatics.

PMID- 695426
TI  - [Role of radiation therapy in the complex treatment of breast cancer].
AB  - The survival rate in breast cancer patients depending on the radiotherapy method
      employed was analysed. Based on the longterm follow-up of 1385 patients, it is
      shown that of all the methods of radiotherapy the preoperative irradiation,
      including the primary tumor site and all zones of regional metastatic spread,
      seems to be most preferable. Postoperative radiotherapy is a less advantageous
      technic, and it may be in use in case of lymphnodes metastases and an evident
      violation of anablastic principles during the operation. An accessory use of
      chemotherapy would improve the prognosis for breast cancer patients.

PMID- 695427
TI  - [Scanning for control of the effectiveness of chemotherapy in patients with bone
      metastases].

PMID- 695428
TI  - [Relationship between the size of the primary tumor, the presence of lymph node
      metastases and the survival of breast cancer patients].
AB  - An analysis is given of 449 case reports of patients with nodular breast cancer
      for the period from 1953 to 1967, who showed one tumor node. Most of patients
      (68%) were radically operated upon, tumor size being 1--4 cm. This is
      characteristic of patients both with and without metastases in lymph nodes. An
      average tumor size in the presence of metastases was 3.6 cm, without metastases-
      3.1 cm. With increasing tumor size the number of patients with lymph node
      metastases increases too. Metastases were found in 22.2% +/- 13.8% of patients
      with the tumor up to 1 cm, in 43.4% +/- 5,4% of patients with the tumor up to 1-
      2 cm. A five-year survival depends on tumor size and, to a greater extent, on the
      presence of metastases in lymph nodes.

PMID- 695429
TI  - [Kinetic patterns in the survival of breast cancer patients with recurrence and
      metastases].

PMID- 695430
TI  - [Immunologic reactivity of breast cancer patients].
AB  - An attempt was made to further characterize some conditions determining the
      decrease of immunological responsiveness in patients with mammary gland cancer.
      To reveal the delayed-type cell hypersensitivity, the antigens of Mycobacterium
      tuberculosis, staphylococcus, fungi Candida were employed as well as a contact
      allergen--dinitrochlorobenzene. Tests were made prior to the treatment and in
      different terms after it. To determine T-lymphocytes the rosette-formation test
      with sheep erythrocytes was used. Also, the degree of lymphoplasmocytic
      infiltration of the tumor and the amount of peripheral blood lymphocytes were
      estimated. Under examination were 126-patients with mammary gland cancer, 56-
      with benign tumors and 73--practically healthy subjects. The frequency of
      positive skin tests for any of the antigens under study was lower in breast
      cancer patients than in the group with benign tumors and healthy subjects. There
      was no manifest inhibition of the immune response in the initial stages of
      mammary gland cancer.

PMID- 695431
TI  - [Functional-morphologic changes in the liver in breast cancer].
AB  - The functional state of the liver was studied in 239 patients with mammary gland
      cancer, 34 of them with intravital morphostructure of the organ. A significant
      impairment of the absorptive and secretory function of hepatocytes was evident.
      Also, there was noted an impairment of hepatic microcirculation, the decrease of
      leukoproductive function and enzymatic activity, changes in the content of the
      urine and blood cholesterol, in microelements of copper and iron. Marked
      morphological changes from gradual dystrophy and neocrobiotic processes in
      hepatocytes to cirrhotic processes in the stroma of the organ were observed.
      Functional and morphological disorders were observed with certain consistency in
      all observations, but with a various degree of expression.

PMID- 695432
TI  - [Steroid balance in patients with breast hyperplasia].
AB  - A correlation was found between the character of hormonal disorders and the
      morphological organization of dyshormonal hyperplasias of the mammary gland.
      Patients with fibroadenoma and fibrous-cystic mastopathy are characterized by a
      high diurnal urine content of glucocorticoids and low estrogens level, especially
      estradiol. Patients with cystic fibroadenomatosis of the mammary gland show the
      high level of the excretion of classical and total phenolsteroids and low
      androsterone level.

PMID- 695433
TI  - [Treatment of breast cancer recurrence with fast electrons].
AB  - During the period from July 1970 to July 1974 in the radiotherapy department of
      the N. N. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology of the USSR Ministry of Public
      Health 63 patients with breast cancer were treated with fast electrons. The
      irradiation technic employed in these patients allowed the occurrence of the
      early and late local radiation reactions and damages to be avoided. To improve
      the results of the treatment for local and regional recurrences and breast cancer
      metastases, it is necessary to elaborate some rational combinations of
      radiotherapy with general specific therapeutic measures.

PMID- 695434
TI  - [Morbidity and mortality of the population of the USSR from malignant breast
      neoplasms].

PMID- 695435
TI  - [Sex chromatin and glucocorticoid hormone metabolism in breast cancer patients].
AB  - Somatic sex chromatin of blood neutrophyls and the metabolism of glucocorticoid
      hormones were studied in 20 female patients with the intact ovarian function
      suffering breast cancer of stage III and in 20 healthy females of the same age. A
      reliable decrease was found in the number of type A and B processes compared with
      the control group. The same patients showed the increased nonconjugated 17-OCS in
      the urine, a decrease in the reduced forms of THF and THE hormones and rising of
      the cortisol and cortisone level. Breast cancer patients show a higher level of
      biologically active hormones (cortisol and cortisone), which are likely to
      influence the amount of somatic sex chromatin under this affection.

PMID- 695436
TI  - [Combined syndromes of diffuse connective tissue diseases].

PMID- 695437
TI  - [X-ray characteristics of the basic clinical forms of rheumatoid arthritis in
      children].

PMID- 695438
TI  - Collection of granulocytes for transfusion. The effect of collection methods on
      cell enzyme release.
AB  - When granulocytes are collected by either discontinuous-flow centrifugation or
      filtration leukapheresis, lysozyme is released. More lysozyme is released during
      the filtration procedure than during the centrifugation procedure. A small amount
      of red cell lysis occurs during the centrifugation but not the filtration
      procedure. A rise in lactate dehydrogenase levels consonant with the amount of
      hemolysis is observed. These findings suggest that granulocytes collected by
      either filtration or discontinuous-flow centrifugation undergo degranulation but
      not lysis sufficient to cause cytoplasmic enzyme release during the donation.

PMID- 695439
TI  - Interdonor incompatibility as a cause of reaction during granulocyte transfusion.
AB  - The first case of interdonor incompatibility associated with granulocyte
      transfusion is presented. The patient received Kell positive granulocyte
      transfusions containing about 30 ml of red cells 36 and 132 h prior to receiving
      a granulocyte transfusion containing anti-Kell 1/128. The chills, fever, vomiting
      and hypotension resulting from the red cell incompatibility, cleared with
      appropriate fluid therapy. Antibody detection methods must be applied to each
      unit of granulocytes. The patients blood should be tested with reagent grade
      antibody to detect small numbers of antigen-containing cells if an antibody
      containing granulocyte transfusion is to be given. Routine major and minor cross
      matching is insufficient. Removal of the antibody containing plasma and
      resuspension of the granulocytes in plasma free of irregular antibodies may be
      the most effective way to prevent such incompatibility.

PMID- 695440
TI  - Lectin studies. III. A survey of phytohemagglutinins: interaction of lectins with
      erythrocytes of ten vertebrate species.
AB  - Extracts of seeds from 79 plant species were tested for agglutinating and lytic
      activity with the red cells of ten vertebrate species (man, monkey, rabbit, rat,
      goat, sheep, guinea pig, horse, fowl, dog). Of these extracts, 24 were
      hemagglutinating and 15 were hemolytic. The results suggest that some lectins can
      serve as useful diagnostic reagents in distinguishing the blood of one animal
      species from that of another.

PMID- 695441
TI  - Automated screening of red cells for the detection of autoantibodies.
AB  - The AutoAnalyser Technicon II system was adapted for screening red cells for the
      presence of warm-type autoantibodies. A significant decrease in optical density
      was recorded when the red cells of 38 patients with autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
      were tested using the bromelin-methylcellulose method. This was never seen with
      the red cells of 226 patients with other diseases or of healthy blood donors. The
      method is very simple and more sensitive than the manual direct antiglobulin
      test.

PMID- 695442
TI  - A 'new' blood group antigen Fra: incidence, inheritance and genetic linkage
      analysis.
AB  - Investigation of the inheritance of a 'new' low-incidence red cell antigen (Fra)
      indicates that it is an autosomal dominant marker and not part of the ABO, MNSs,
      P, Rh, Kell, Lutheran, Duffy, Kidd, Dombrock or Scianna blood group systems. No
      genetic linkage was established between 3Fr, the locus governing production of
      Fra, and any of 21 other markers.

PMID- 695443
TI  - An economical method for the recovery of albumin from outdated packed cells using
      polyethylene glycol and heat-fractionation.
AB  - Outdated packed cells were pooled and the red cells, together with a large
      fraction of unwanted globulins, were precipitated with polyethylene glycol. The
      albumin was then precipitated from the supernatant fluid as a crude paste
      containing about 85% albumin which was further fractionated using standard
      techniques.

PMID- 695444
TI  - An example of naturally occurring anti-Kell (K1) in a Japanese male.
AB  - 'Naturally occurring' anti-Kell (K1) was found in a Japanese male who has never
      received a transfusion. The antibody agglutinated K:1 cells suspended in saline
      at 4 and 22 degrees C as well as cells suspended in albumin and treated with
      proteolytic enzymes.

PMID- 695445
TI  - Serological studies of seromucoids from normal subjects and patients with
      malignant and non-malignant diseases.
AB  - During investigations of serum from patients with carcinoma, elevated levels of
      two proteins were observed. The larger (MW approximately 44,000) was identified
      as (alpha-acid glycoprotein. The smaller MW approximately 20,000) has not yet
      been identified. Further investigation of alpha-acid-glycoprotein-containing
      seromucoid showed that many red blood cell and tissue antigens were present, for
      example, I, i, P1, Tja (P+P+Pk), H, A, B, Lea, Leb1, M and N. Differences in
      antigen content between normal serum and serum from carcinoma patients could be
      demonstrated quantitatively and qualitatively. Seromucoid preparations from
      patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma inhibited phytohaemagglutinin-induced lymphocyte
      transformation more often than seromucoid preparations from normal subjects.

PMID- 695446
TI  - Perfusate oncotic pressure during cardiopulmonary bypass. Optimum level as
      determined by metabolic acidosis, tissue edema, and renal function.
AB  - Current practice with respect to the use of a dilutional prime for
      cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) varies widely, and the safe lower limit of perfusate
      protein content has not been defined. We studied this question in 75 rabbits
      subjected to a 1-hour CPB with a perfusate colloid osmotic pressure (COP) ranging
      from 26 to 4 mm Hg. Metabolic acidosis was inversely related to COP; acid-base
      equilibrium is thus best maintained with a high perfusate protein content. Tissue
      edema rapidly increased at COP levels below 16 mm Hg, i.e. with a protein level
      less than 4.2 g%. Urinary excretion during CPB was antagonized by the COP, the
      reason being that glomerular filtration rate was proportional to the difference
      between perfusion pressure and COP. The safety margin for renal function during
      CPB thus widens with a decreasing perfusate protein content. We conclude that the
      optimum levels of perfuste oncotic pressure and protein content during
      experimental cardiopulmonary bypass are 16 mm Hg and 4.2 g%.

PMID- 695447
TI  - Redistribution of platelets during discontinous flow platelet pheresis.
AB  - Greater numbers of platelets are recovered during discontinuous flow
      centrifugation than can be simply accounted for by the decrease in total
      circulating platelets in the donor. There is a linear relationship between the
      logarithm of the circulating platelet count and the number of plateletpheresis
      bowls filled. The disappearance of platelets from the peripheral circulation
      occurs at a greater rate in splenectomized donors than in normal donors, and the
      rate of platelet disappearance in normal donors is less than what would be
      expected if there were no in vivo platelet storage pools. The data suggest the
      redistribution of platelets from the spleen in normal donors during the time
      course of the procedure.

PMID- 695448
TI  - [Excreted fractions of calcium and magnesium in kidney and ureteral calculi].

PMID- 695449
TI  - [Evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment of hypothyroidism according to the
      blood serum level of triiodothyronine and thyroxine].

PMID- 695450
TI  - [Errors in diagnosis of Addison's disease].

PMID- 695451
TI  - [Case of Pickwickian syndrome].

PMID- 695452
TI  - [Relationship between copper and vitamin C metabolism in presenile depression and
      paranoia].

PMID- 695453
TI  - [Clinical aspects of chronic bronchitis in miners].

PMID- 695454
TI  - [Differentiation of the bone marrow leukocytes of albino rats under the effect of
      electromagnetic field of ultra-high frequency].

PMID- 695455
TI  - [State of carbohydrate and protein metabolism in workers engaged in sulfur
      smelting].

PMID- 695456
TI  - [Difficulties in diagnosis of rabies cases].

PMID- 695457
TI  - [Clinico-electroencephalographic correlations in lesions of the nervous system in
      influenza].

PMID- 695458
TI  - [Hypothalamo-thyroid disorders of predominantly infectious etiology].

PMID- 695459
TI  - [Ways of improving the work of medical institutions].

PMID- 695460
TI  - [Work of the Industrial-Medical Expert Commission in the fields of metallurgy and
      mining].

PMID- 695461
TI  - [Preventive treatment of ischemic heart disease with obsidan and nerobolil under
      ambulatory conditions].

PMID- 695463
TI  - [Contractile function of the myocardium during treatment of arteriosclerotic
      cardiosclerosis with methimazole].

PMID- 695462
TI  - [Effect of drugs of metabolic action on the contractile capacity of the heart].

PMID- 695464
TI  - [Effect of acetylsalicylic acid and indomethacin on lipid metabolism].

PMID- 695465
TI  - [Characteristics of cardiac function in the workers of the strontium salt
      industry].

PMID- 695466
TI  - [Age-related characteristics of neurological disorders in patients with
      hypertension].

PMID- 695467
TI  - [Pathogenesis of cerebral vascular crises].

PMID- 695468
TI  - [Effect of sodium oxybutyrate on the functional state of the kidneys in combined
      thoraco-abdominal compression].

PMID- 695469
TI  - [Dissecting aneurysm of the abdominal aorta simulating acute appendicitis and
      right-sided renal colic].

PMID- 695470
TI  - [Effect of treatment of periodontosis on the course of rheumatoid polyarthritis].

PMID- 695471
TI  - [Bioelectric activity of the heart in acute pneumonia].

PMID- 695472
TI  - [Clinico-immunological characteristics of chronic pneumonia in agricultural
      machine operators].

PMID- 695473
TI  - [Diagnosis of developmental anomalies of the lungs].

PMID- 695474
TI  - [Functional state of the adrenal cortex and the reticuloendothelial system in
      pulmonary tuberculosis].

PMID- 695475
TI  - [Value of the electrogastrography in the diagnosis of complications of peptic
      ulcer].

PMID- 695476
TI  - [Use of the physiotherapeutic methods in peptic ulcer].

PMID- 695477
TI  - [Treatment of peptic ulcer with alanton].

PMID- 695478
TI  - [Prevalence of peptic ulcer among persons drinking water containing high amount
      of sodium chloride over a long period of time].

PMID- 695479
TI  - [Stomach and duodenal ulcer].

PMID- 695480
TI  - [Evaluation of the liver function with the aid of bromsulphalein and vofaverdin].

PMID- 695481
TI  - [Therapeutic use of diluted seawater in hepatitis].

PMID- 695482
TI  - [Diagnosis of nonspecific reactive hepatitis in patients with chronic recurrent
      cholecystitis].

PMID- 695483
TI  - [Morphological changes in the small intestine in experimental chronic
      pancreatitis].

PMID- 695484
TI  - [Indirect method of detection of intestinal dysbacteriosis].

PMID- 695485
TI  - [Gastrogenic senestopathy].

PMID- 695486
TI  - [Characteristics of distribution and elimination of DOPA-H3 and naphthidone-H3 in
      various forms of tumors].

PMID- 695487
TI  - [Pulmonary adenomatosis in systemic scleroderma].

PMID- 695488
TI  - [Effect of chronic alcoholic intoxication on facial expression].

PMID- 695489
TI  - [Dispensary observation experience of lumbosacral radiculitis patients who work
      in agriculture].

PMID- 695490
TI  - [Treatment of chronic lumbosacral radiculitis at Lesnye Poliany sanatorium].

PMID- 695491
TI  - [Case of drug polyallergy].

PMID- 695492
TI  - [Research results and prospects into the hygiene of the industrial microclimate
      in the Ukrainian SSR].

PMID- 695493
TI  - [Effectiveness of the prophylactic ulttraviolet irradiation of workers in contact
      with industrial poisons].

PMID- 695494
TI  - [Rare case of severe chronic poisoning by aromatic hydrocarbons].

PMID- 695495
TI  - [Ways to work out the problem of the nutrition of the healthy and ill human being
      in the Ukraine during the 10th Five-Year Plan].

PMID- 695496
TI  - [Factors facilitating the spread of malaria in Vinnitsa Provience].

PMID- 695497
TI  - [Etiological structure of food salmonellosis and the sensitivity of the causative
      agents to antibiotic preparations].

PMID- 695498
TI  - [Forms for improving the qualifications of paramedical workers].

PMID- 695499
TI  - [Diagnostic possibilities of studying the gastric secretion].

PMID- 695500
TI  - [Determination of the state of antitumor immunity and of serum blocking action in
      stomach cancer by using the leukocyte adherence inhibition reaction].

PMID- 695501
TI  - [Leninist behests come true].

PMID- 695502
TI  - [Combination of gastric and duodenal ulcers].

PMID- 695503
TI  - [Treatment of chronic pancreatitis patients at Morshin health resort].

PMID- 695504
TI  - [Pancreatic scanning].

PMID- 695505
TI  - [Immunobiological reactivity and its dynamics in acute pancreatitis].

PMID- 695506
TI  - [Emergency catheterization cystoscope set].

PMID- 695507
TI  - [Pressor and depressor factors in the pathogenesis of stenocardia in
      hypertension].

PMID- 695508
TI  - [Clinical and anatomical importance of the gerontological characteristics of the
      angioarchitectonics of the heart in hypertension].

PMID- 695509
TI  - [Clinical angiographic characteristics of transient cerebral circulatory
      disorders in hypertension].

PMID- 695510
TI  - [Etiology of primary pulmonary hypertension].

PMID- 695511
TI  - [Diagnosis and pharmacotherapy of the microcirculatory disorders in myocardial
      infarct].

PMID- 695512
TI  - [Myocardial infarct in the middle-aged and elderly].

PMID- 695513
TI  - [Hyperurinemia in patients with joint diseases].

PMID- 695514
TI  - [Relationship of autonomic vascular paroxysms to endogenous biorhythms in
      patients with neuroses and neurosislike states of varying genesis].

PMID- 695515
TI  - [Characteristics of the origin of pulmonary hypertension in chronic nonspecific
      lung diseases].

PMID- 695516
TI  - [Diagnosis of polycystic hypoplasia of the lungs].

PMID- 695517
TI  - [Conditioning capacity of the lungs in workers in the porcelain industry].

PMID- 695518
TI  - [State of measles immunity in mulitple sclerosis].

PMID- 695519
TI  - [Obtaining individual fragments of influenza virus RNA by using preparatory
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis].

PMID- 695520
TI  - [Use of rimantadine in familial foci during an epidemic of influenza caused by A1
      virus].
AB  - The therapeutic and prophylactic efficacy of rimantadine in familial foci during
      influenza A1 outbreaks was studied. The observations included 28 experimental
      foci and 26 control (altogether 146 subjects varying in ages from 4 to 71 years).
      The foci were selected at random (the alphabet principle). In the experimental
      foci the patients were treated with rimantadine given in single doses of 300 mg
      on the first day, 200 mg on the second, and 100 mg each on the 3rd and 4th days.
      The contacts were also given rimantadine, 100 mg each for 7 to 10 days. In the
      control foci the patients received symptomatic drugs and contacts were only
      observed by physicians. Rimantadine was shown to be effective therapeutically if
      the treatment was started on the first day of the disease. As compared with the
      control group, in the treated patients the temperature became normal and the main
      symptoms of the disease regressed within shorter periods of time. The
      prophylactic effect was also positive: in experimental foci repeated diseases
      occurred only in 3 subjects (6%) and in controls 13 subjects (30%). The
      prophylactic effectiveness of the drug is also indicated by a decline in the
      number of inapparent forms: in experimental foci 26%, in control 56%. The drug
      may be recommended for treatment and prevention of influenza in familial foci
      when the disease is caused by A1 virus.

PMID- 695521
TI  - [Etiologic and immunologic characteristics of the influenza A1 epidemic in the
      Khabarovsk region in November--December 1977].
AB  - The etiology of an influenza outbreak which had occurred in Khabarovsk since 14
      November, 1977 was elucidated. The largest number of cases was recorded among
      children and adolescents (under 22 years of age). Virological studies during the
      epidemic yielded 90 strains of influenza virus which were found to be
      antigenically quite close to A1 virus (HINI) which had circulated in this country
      in 1947-1956. Influenza viruses could be isolated from subjects under 22.
      Serological tests (H1, CFT) with paired sera from influenza patients and
      determinations of IgM showed A1 virus (HINI) to circulate more intensively among
      subjects under 22 years. A correlation between the presence of humoral immunity
      in subject over 22 and low incidence of influenza in these population are groups
      was observed.

PMID- 695523
TI  - [Effect of serum of different origin on elaboration of interferon and the
      activity of the lysosomal apparatus of cells from the abdominal exudate of
      newborn mice].
AB  - In the presence of serum from newborn mice the cells of newborn mice produce
      almost no interferon induced by Newcastle disease virus. When cultivated in a
      medium containing adult mouse serum, interferon production by the cells increases
      markedly reaching the level of interferon production by the cells of adult
      animals. It is suggested that there are factors present in mouse serum which are
      capable, depending on the age of the animals, either of inhibiting or stimulating
      the activation of lysosomal apparatus and interferon production.

PMID- 695522
TI  - [Several indices of humoral anti-measles immunity in children, previously
      immunized with live measles vaccine, who have developed measles].
AB  - The dynamics of the total content of measles antibody with reference to their
      physico-chemical nature and the dynamics of the content of the main classes of
      serum immunoglobulins (A, M, G) in children previously vaccinated and not
      vaccinated with live measles vaccine who developed measles were studied. Measles
      in the vaccines was found  to run a course of the type of primary and secondary
      infection. In the former case, the normal dynamics of specific antibody was found
      with timely change of synthesis of antibody of various physico-chemical nature.
      In the latter case, immunity to measles developed according to the secondary type
      and was characterized by the absence of IgM measles antibody. The secondary
      immunological response was also characterized by higher antibody titers in the
      first days of the disease and decreased content of IgG and IgM in sera in the
      convalescent stage. Besides, in such children, hyperthermia occurred 3 times less
      frequently.

PMID- 695524
TI  - [Arbovirus multiplication is mosquito cells treated with an interferon inducer].

PMID- 695525
TI  - [Larvae of Aedes caspius caspius mosquitoes infected with iridescence virus].

PMID- 695526
TI  - [Device for mass isolation of clones of viruses from plaques].

PMID- 695527
TI  - [Influenza A (H1N1) of 1977].

PMID- 695528
TI  - [Disordered alveolar-capillary gas metabolism in the acute stage of myocardial
      infarct].
AB  - The alveolar-capillary gas metabolism was studied in 60 patients with acute
      myocardial infarction. Arterial hypoxemia and hypocapnia were observed in the
      majority of the patients. Those disturbances are more pronounced in the presence
      of cardiac insufficiency. The combination of shunt effect with the diminution of
      cardiac volume is admitted to be the possible pathogenetic mechanism for arterial
      hypoxemia. The first mechanism is associated with the disturbances of the
      systemic hemodynamics. Both types of hemodynamic disturbances are conditioned by
      the weakness of the left ventricle.

PMID- 695529
TI  - [Possibilities of intracardiac phonocardiography in congenital defects with left
      right shunt].
AB  - The author shares his experience from intracardial phonocardiography of 48
      patients with congenital heart defects with leftright shunt. The importance of
      the method is stressed upon, particularly in cases with interauricular and
      interventricular defect, not only for the diagnosis of the disease but for the
      differential diagnosis in difficult cases as well. The characteristic murmurs are
      presented, recorded intracardially in the three of the basic congenital heart
      defect with left-right shunt--interauricular defect, interventricular defect, and
      open Botal's duct.

PMID- 695530
TI  - [Significance of sinus rhythm for ventricular function].
AB  - The changes in hemodynamics in conditions of dosed loading prior to and post
      cardioversion were followed up in 21 patients with valvular defects or
      atherosclerotic myocardiosclerosis and absolute arrhythmia with auricular
      fibrillation. In conditions of auricular fibrillation all the patients showed
      data about a deteriorated ventricular function (increased arterial-venous
      difference--tachycardia), both at rest and at dosed loading. One week after the
      sinus rhythm restoration, a considerable improvement of ventricular function was
      observed, at rest and loading (normal arterial-venous difference, higner minute
      and beat volume), suggesting the favourable effect of the restored sinus
      activity. The improved ventricular function is due to the restored auricular
      contraction, together with the restoration of rhythmic cardiac activity.

PMID- 695531
TI  - [Clinical instrumental and clinical angiographic studies of patients with the
      anginose forms of ischemic heart disease].
AB  - The observations cover 96 male patients, aged from 30 to 61 suffering ischemic
      heart disease with clearly manifested stenocardia. The diagnosis in all patients
      was made on the base of a thorough clinical examination, the results from the
      electrocardiography and the selective coronarography. The data obtained from the
      clinical instrumental and clinical-angiographic examinations reveal that a
      correlation exists between the stage of the coronary arteries lesions, the
      patients's age, number of previous myocardial infarctions, severity of
      stenocardia and the state of the coronary reserve. The extent growth of the
      coronary arteries lesion goes in parallel with the patients' age advancement, the
      number of previous myocardial infarctions, severity of stenocardia and the
      diminution of coronary reserve. In this respect the character of stenocardia and
      the state of coronary reserve have the highest informative value. Our
      examinations failed to establish any correlation between the stage of the
      coronary arteries lesion and the stage and eytension of myocardial lesion on the
      electrocardiogram as well as between the stage of coronary arteries lesion and
      the duration of the illness.

PMID- 695532
TI  - [Ergospirometry study of the functional state of the cardiovascular system in
      chronic ischemic heart disease].
AB  - Sixty three patients were examined. The diagnosis of all was made on the base of
      clinical picture, electrocardiographic examinations and the results from the
      selective coronarography. The following indices of the oxygen consumption and gas
      metabolism were analysed in the paper: oxygen consumption per kilogram body
      weight, oxygen consumption per kilogramometer work performed, labour effectivity
      and restoration coefficient. The results obtained reveal that the adaptation
      ability of the respiratory and cardiovascular system in conditions of physical
      loading was disturbed in patients with chronic ischemic heart disease. At the
      same time, the physical capacity for work and the restoration coefficient were
      also disturbed. The decrease of oxygen consumption per kilogram body weight,
      deteriorated labour effectivity, restoration coefficient and the increased oxygen
      consumption per kilogramometer work performed occur in parallel with the
      extension of the lesions of the coronary arteries and the diminution of coronary
      reserve. The results from those examinations, together with the results from a
      series of non-invasive methods for the examination of cardio-vascular system
      could aid the thorough diagnostic-prognostic character of ischemic heart disease
      and give a tentative idea for the stage of the coronary arteries lesions prior to
      coronarography.

PMID- 695533
TI  - [Functional assessment of respiration and blood circulation in pectus excavatum].
AB  - Functional investigation was carried out on respiration and cardiovascular system
      of 57 adolescents with pectus excavatum. Right cardiac catheterization was
      performed to 10 of them. Two thirds of the cases with right bundle branch block
      and 7 out of the tenth with catheterizatium were established to have elevated
      telediastolic pressure in right ventricle and diminished cardiac index, supplying
      grounds to the authors to presume a difficulty in the filling of the right
      ventricle resulting from the mechanic pressure due to the deformity. Respiratory
      deviations proved to be negligible. The indications for operation are determined
      by the results from the complex functional examinations.

PMID- 695534
TI  - [Changes in the hemodynamic indices in the subacute stage of myocardial infarct
      before and after bicyle ergometry].
AB  - The basic hemodynamic indices: cardiac volume, volume of circulating plasma and
      blood, total peripheral vascular resistance and velolity of blood flow were
      studied in 60 patients with myocardial infarction, subacute stage in progress,
      prior to and post veloergometric loading. A decreased tolerance to physical
      loading was established: cardiac index--insignificantly increased, beat volume
      decreased, volume of circulating plasma and blood--tendency to increase. The
      results show a dependence on the clinical development of the disease--the signs
      of a latent insufficiency being manifested in the cases with extensive
      localization of the infarction, transmural affection and with a formed aneurisma
      after a dosed loading.

PMID- 695535
TI  - [Analytical study of the diffusion capacity of the lungs in patients with chronic
      renal insufficiency].
AB  - The analytical diffusion capacity of the lungs was determined in 63 patients with
      various stages of chronic renal insufficiency. On the base of the values of serum
      creatinine and glomerular filtration the patients were subdivided into four
      groups. Considerable changes in all the three values of alveolar-capillary
      diffusion (DLCO, Dm, Vc) were established, with a definite parallelism between
      those changes and the chronic renal insufficiency stage. The most serious changes
      concern the membrane component. The correlation analysis confirms the presence of
      high reverse correlation interdependence, both with the values of serum
      creatinine and blood urea and with the diastolic arterial pressure.

PMID- 695537
TI  - [Liver status in ostensibly healthy carriers of the hepatitis-Bs antigen].
AB  - One hundred eighty five ostensibly healthy candidates for blood donors, HBs
      positive, were examined at the clinic and laboratory as regards liver
      disturbances. About one fourth of the examined gave either subjective complaints
      or showed objective changes, deviations in the paraclinic resp. As patients with
      chronic hepatitis were proved to be 8,11 per cent of the subjects, 28,65 per cent
      -hepatitis suspected patients and 63,24 per cent were admitted to be healthy
      antigen-carriers. Urine urobillinogen reaction, thymol test and transaminase are
      sufficient for the purpose of preliminary screening. About one third of the
      antigen positive subjects cannot be accurately defined by the routine clinical
      laboratory examination and additional immunoserological and immunohistological
      methods proved to be necessary.

PMID- 695536
TI  - [Ultrastructural studies of the plasma cells in multiple myeloma].
AB  - Electron microscopic investigations of 38 patients with multiple plasmocytoma
      were carried out, the patients being divided into three groups according to the
      type of monoclonic immunoglobin in serum or urine. Light to moderate cellular
      cytoplasmatic asynchronism was found as well as hypertrophic nucleoli and
      versatile changes in cytoplasmatic organelles of the poliferous plasmocytes.
      Cellular-cytoplasmatic asynchronism is discussed as a characteristic sign of
      neoplastic plasmatic cells. No correlation was found between the morphological
      changes in the nuclei and cytoplasma and the immunoglobin class, secreted from
      the cells.

PMID- 695538
TI  - [Incidence study of endemic nephropathy among newcomers (immigrants) to endemic
      foci in Bulgaria].
AB  - The clinical-laboratory studies of 488 immigrants in 17 endemic settlements in
      Bulgaria are presented. The average age of the immigrants is 56 years and 31
      years is the average duration of the sojourn in the endemic foci. From the total
      group of immigrants 30 per cent are "contact immigrants", i.e. immigrants that
      had lived together or are living at present with patients with endemic
      nephropathy or members of their families. The average duration of the sojourn of
      the contact immigrants in the endemic environment is the same as that of the
      whole group. Ten of the immigrants have come in their child-adolescent age into
      the endemic settlements. The average age of that group is 61 and the average
      duration of the sojourn in the endemic foci is 52 years. The following data are
      stressed upon: The total and renal morbidity of the immigrants in the endemic
      foci does not differ in structure from that of the country. No sufficient data
      are available about the existence of family domestic noxae or infections. No data
      indicating tumours in the urinary system were found in the immigrants examined.
      It is conculded that, at the stage of the examination, no definite data were
      established about the endemic nephropathy affection of the immigrants in the
      endemic foci which though indirectly support the genetic hypothesis of endemic
      nephropathy etiology. The dispensarization of the immigrants in the endemic foci
      favours the longitudinal examination which is the final aim of the authors.

PMID- 695539
TI  - [Electrocardiographic changes in long-lived persons from Smolyan District].

PMID- 695540
TI  - [Weber-Christian panniculitis].

PMID- 695542
TI  - Malaria control--a reoriented strategy.

PMID- 695541
TI  - International classification of diseases: ninth revision.

PMID- 695543
TI  - Low birth weight--what should be done to deal with this global problem.

PMID- 695544
TI  - The role of the individual and the community in the research, development, and
      use of biologicals.

PMID- 695545
TI  - Acute respiratory infections: short-term interventions and long-term strategy.

PMID- 695546
TI  - Towards the prevention of blindness: high priority demanded for action 
      programmes.

PMID- 695548
TI  - Action to reduce human health hazards arising from animals.

PMID- 695547
TI  - Educating the educators.

PMID- 695549
TI  - Testing the toxicity of new chemicals used in industry.

PMID- 695550
TI  - Chronic cervical lymphadenopathy.

PMID- 695551
TI  - Dengue fever in Jamaica with shock and hypocomplementaemia, haemorrhagic,
      visceral and neurological complications.

PMID- 695553
TI  - Medical education: the need for change.

PMID- 695552
TI  - Four new leptospira serotypes from Trinidad.

PMID- 695554
TI  - The effects of clomipramine on depression in Barbadian patients.

PMID- 695555
TI  - Some medical emergencies associated with swimming and diving.

PMID- 695556
TI  - Pathology of the liver in early syphilis.

PMID- 695557
TI  - A review of the aetiology and pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis. Part II:
      obstruction with hyper-secretion theory, alcoholism, vascular factors and trauma.

PMID- 695558
TI  - Infectious disease emergencies: the clostridial syndromes. Botulism.

PMID- 695559
TI  - Infectious disease emergencies: the clostridial syndromes. Tetanus.

PMID- 695560
TI  - Infectious disease emergencies: the clostridial syndromes. Respiratory care of
      tetanus and botulism.

PMID- 695561
TI  - Infectious disease emergencies: the clostridial syndromes. Skin and soft tissue
      infections.

PMID- 695563
TI  - Conservative management of rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 695562
TI  - Infectious disease emergencies: the clostridial syndromes. Therapy of clostridial
      myonecrosis.

PMID- 695564
TI  - Case reports. Cavernous hemangioma of the liver presenting with fever. Successful
      treatment with prednisone.

PMID- 695565
TI  - Nontraumatic embolic clostridial gas gangrene. Involvement of an extremity
      associated with endoscopy.

PMID- 695566
TI  - Tennis elbow as a complication of pollicization of the index finger.

PMID- 695567
TI  - Lithium therapy in the elderly.

PMID- 695568
TI  - Shotgun ballistics and shotgun injuries.

PMID- 695569
TI  - Psychiatry and psychotherapy. Is a divorce imminent?
AB  - Despite the long tradition of psychiatrists practicing psychotherapy, many
      psychiatric and medical leaders are predicting and urging a reorientation of
      psychiatry toward the medical model. They would leave psychotherapy to
      psychologists, social workers and the like. Many social, governmental and
      institutional factors favor such a change. The marriage of psychiatry and
      psychotherapy has always been an uneasy one, and the push for divorce may be
      irresistible. The author cautions that a divorce could be detrimental to medicine
      by substituting, in the name of "science," a dehumanized, technological
      psychiatry for the current "moral" treatment. One alternative to divorce is a
      broader approach to psychiatry, combining biological, neuromedical,
      socioenvironmental and psychodynamic factors. The divorce, though imminent,
      should be resisted.

PMID- 695570
TI  - Mitral valve prolapse complicated by ruptured chordae tendineae.

PMID- 695571
TI  - Analgesic hepatotoxicity.

PMID- 695572
TI  - Serum thyroid hormones in patients on replacement or suppressive doses of L
      thyroxine.

PMID- 695573
TI  - Percutaneous radio-frequency rhizotomy in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia.
AB  - A percutaneous technique of selective partial trigeminal root coagulation was
      evaluated in the treatment of 38 patients suffering from trigeminal neuralgia, 1
      patient with pain secondary to oral carcinoma and 1 patient with atypical facial
      pain. The pain of trigeminal neuralgia was relieved in 94.7 percent of patients.
      Pain was relieved in the patient with oral carcinoma, but not in the patient with
      atypical facial pain. There was no mortality and no permanent morbidity outside
      of the trigeminal nerve lesion. The procedure requires only a brief hospital stay
      without the time, expense and hazards of open cranial surgical procedures.

PMID- 695574
TI  - [Blood pressure in patients with coronary disease].

PMID- 695575
TI  - [Sequelae of occupational viral hepatitis in health services personnel].

PMID- 695576
TI  - [Determination of urinary bilirubin. Assessment of sensitivity of the test].

PMID- 695577
TI  - [Antithrombin III in the light of modern concepts].

PMID- 695578
TI  - [Physical methods in the conservative treatment of degenerative diseases of the
      cervical spine].

PMID- 695579
TI  - [The origins and treatment of brain edema].

PMID- 695580
TI  - [Non-vascularized cancer of the renal cortex].

PMID- 695581
TI  - [Staphylococcal septicemia as a possible cause of Addison's disease in a 12-year
      old boy].

PMID- 695582
TI  - [Bacteriotoxic shock in the course of nasal sinusitis complicated by a
      retrobulbar abscess].

PMID- 695583
TI  - [Progressive muscular atrophy in the course of gouty arthritis].

PMID- 695584
TI  - [Difficulties in establishing the etiology of ciliary ganglion lesions].

PMID- 695585
TI  - [Case of human rabies].

PMID- 695586
TI  - [Stimulating effect of colistin on the division of human leukocytes in vitro].

PMID- 695587
TI  - [Diagnostic value of alkaline phosphatase measurements in squamous cell carcinoma
      and cervix erosion].

PMID- 695588
TI  - [Problems presented by massive transfusion of stored blood].

PMID- 695589
TI  - [Present-day possibilities of laser use in medicine].

PMID- 695590
TI  - [Intraperitoneal liposarcoma].

PMID- 695591
TI  - [Intravascular disseminated clotting syndrome].

PMID- 695592
TI  - [Pancytopenia following gold salt treatment of rheumatoid arthritis].

PMID- 695593
TI  - [Case of Weil's disease].

PMID- 695594
TI  - [Finger gangrene in the course of infectious-allergic vasculitis].

PMID- 695596
TI  - [Results of rehabilitation of patients with hemiparesis].

PMID- 695595
TI  - [Subclavian venipuncture].

PMID- 695597
TI  - [Thermovisual examination of maxillary sinuses in children and adolescents].

PMID- 695598
TI  - [Fate of newborn infants with a birth weight below 2,500 g and delivered by
      cesarean section].

PMID- 695599
TI  - [Comparative evaluation of the results of adnexitis treatment with steroid and
      non-steroid anti-inflammatory agents].

PMID- 695600
TI  - [Various factors delaying an early diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma].

PMID- 695601
TI  - [The sympathetic-adrenal system in burns].

PMID- 695602
TI  - [Etiopathogenesis of the Lesniowski-Crohn disease].

PMID- 695603
TI  - [Congenital osteogenesis imperfecta].

PMID- 695604
TI  - [Case of multiple malignant neoplasms of the lung and breast].

PMID- 695605
TI  - [Atypical clinical picture of gastric cancer metastasis to the liver and
      pancreas].

PMID- 695606
TI  - [Blood pressure determination by means of an electronic device Visomat 3003].

PMID- 695607
TI  - [Hyperaminoaciduria in polycystic kidney disease].

PMID- 695609
TI  - [Rapid puncture of large veins. Methods].

PMID- 695608
TI  - [Clinical analysis of patients with multiple sclerosis].

PMID- 695610
TI  - [Rapid replacement of fluid loss during work at high temperatures].

PMID- 695612
TI  - [Suicidal stab wound of the liver and stomach].

PMID- 695611
TI  - [Thymoma with myasthenia gravis].

PMID- 695613
TI  - [Reye's syndrome in the light of an observed case].

PMID- 695614
TI  - [Rare case of glomerulonephritis during epidemic parotitis].

PMID- 695615
TI  - [Meningoencephalitis in epidemic parotitis].

PMID- 695616
TI  - [Brain tumor coexisting with chronic otitis media].

PMID- 695617
TI  - [Case of endometriosis of the small intestine].

PMID- 695618
TI  - [Gracilis muscle syndrome].

PMID- 695619
TI  - [Suspected renal tumor not confirmed surgically].

PMID- 695620
TI  - [Usefulness of a miniature ultrasound flow detector in the diagnosis of vascular
      diseases].

PMID- 695621
TI  - [Causes of middle-lobe syndrome: an analysis].

PMID- 695622
TI  - [Role of fiber optics in the clinical management of peptic ulcer].

PMID- 695623
TI  - [Use of hemodilution in surgery].

PMID- 695624
TI  - [Intradermal reactions in chronic fungal infections].

PMID- 695625
TI  - [Need for combined medical and psychiatric treatment of patients with intractable
      neoplasms nursed at home].

PMID- 695626
TI  - [Limited infarction as a single pulmonary focus].

PMID- 695627
TI  - [Extrahepatic fistula caused by calculi and located between the portal vein and
      the gallbladder].

PMID- 695628
TI  - [Rare cases of self-inflicted oral injuries].

PMID- 695629
TI  - [Acute renal failure in ethylene glycol poisoning treated with hemodialysis].

PMID- 695630
TI  - [Case of familial hyperlipoproteinemia in a 5-year-old girl].

PMID- 695631
TI  - [Case of acute protracted pancreatitis with massive ascites].

PMID- 695632
TI  - [Case of large cyst of nasal vestibule].

PMID- 695633
TI  - [Carcinoma in a dilated esophagus].

PMID- 695634
TI  - [Post-exercise changes of PQ and QT intervals and end-part of P wave in coronary
      insufficiency].

PMID- 695635
TI  - [Alpha-amino nitrogen in the blood and urinary pepsinogen in chronic circulatory
      insufficiency].

PMID- 695636
TI  - [Prospective study of ventilatory efficiency of the lungs depending on the
      symptoms of chronic bronchitis].

PMID- 695637
TI  - [Peptic ulcer among elderly rural population].

PMID- 695638
TI  - [Evaluation of the risk of surgical treatment of patients over 65 years of age at
      an oncological gynecology clinic].

PMID- 695639
TI  - [Disorders of hemostasis in burns].

PMID- 695640
TI  - [Otorhinolaryngologic and ophthalmological disorders in spondylosis cervicalis].

PMID- 695641
TI  - [Recurrence of Brill's disease].

PMID- 695642
TI  - [Case of esophagoduodenal anastomosis after total gastrectomy for cancer].

PMID- 695643
TI  - [Tuberculosis of the ileocecal segment of the intestines complicated by fecal
      fistula].

PMID- 695644
TI  - [Diabetes insipidus as a symptom of metastasis of bronchial cancer into the
      hypothalamus].

PMID- 695645
TI  - [Acute renal failure with anuria of 30 days' duration after drinking ethyl
      alcohol during treatment with isoniazid].

PMID- 695646
TI  - [Case of hypertrophy of the breasts in pregnancy].

PMID- 695647
TI  - [Case of vaginismus cured by gynecological treatment and psychotherapy].

PMID- 695648
TI  - [Differential diagnosis between skeletal muscle lesions and myocardial damage in
      multiple injury by determination of myocardial-specific creatine phosphokinase
      (CK-MB) (author's transl)].
AB  - The serum level of the myocardial-specific isoenzyme of creatine phosphokinase,
      CK-MB was determined in 50 patients with severe multiple injuries or following
      extensive surgery. It is concluded that whenever the proportion of CK-MB exceeds
      10% of the total creatine phosphokinase activity myocardial damage has occurred,
      especially since equivalent ECG changes were registered in this group of
      patients.

PMID- 695649
TI  - [Clinical efficacy of perhexiline maleate in stable angina pectoris (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The antianginal effect of perhexiline was evaluated in a placebo-controlled
      double-blind study of 20 patients with stable angina pectoris. Only patients with
      documented myocardial infarction of more than 6 months' standing and with ST
      segment depression on exercise were admitted to the study. Objective parameters
      of bicycle stress tests at a submaximum level of 50 watts and a maximum exercise
      level were evaluated. Subjective data such as nitroglycerin consumption and
      incidence of anginal attacks per week were obtained from the patients' self
      maintained records. No negative chronotropic effect of perhexiline was found at
      rest. At a submaximum exercise level with unchanged double-product, a
      significantly lower heart rate (p less than 0.05) and a significant reduction in
      ST-segment depression were observed in comparison with the placebo. At maximum
      exercise level an increase in exercise tolerance of 8.1% and in aerobic capacity
      of 8.3% resulted in a significant increase in the double-product (p less than
      0.01), with a shift in the blood pressure/heart rate ratio. Discontinuation of
      exercise occurred at the same heart rate, but at a markedly higher level of
      exercise attainment. Heart rate on exercise proved to be the most valuable
      parameter in this study for the evaluation of the aerobic capacity of the
      individual patient. Nitroglycerin consumption and frequency of anginal attacks
      per week were reduced, but were not of statistical significance. Side-effects
      occurred in 6 patients, but these did not require termination or reduction of
      medication. The selective effect on heart rate during exercise opens a new field
      of application for perhexiline in comparison with beta-blocking agents.

PMID- 695650
TI  - [The mitral valve prolapse syndrome and its complications (author's transl)].
AB  - Out of 1800 patients examined for valvular heart disease, 19 were found to have
      the mitral valve prolapse syndrome (MVPS). The relevant literature is reviewed
      and the epidemiology and aetiology of the disease are discussed. 50% of the
      patients had a history of endomyocarditis. The special diagnostic value of
      echocardiography is emphasized. Sudden death (observed in 2 young patients) and
      the grave complication of bacterial endocarditis (observed in 3 patients and
      usually caused by Streptococcus viridans) can occur in this condition.
      Prophylactic therapy with beta-blocking drugs and antibiotics seems warranted.
      The case history of one patient with MVPS under observation for eight years, who
      developed bacterial endocarditis from a dental focus is reported in greater
      detail as a typical case.

PMID- 695652
TI  - [Audiological evaluation of ototoxicity in gentamycin-treated children (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Audiological evaluation was performed on 36 children who had been treated with
      gentamycin for severe infections of the urinary tract and/or of the
      bronchopulmonary system. An average of three years had elapsed between medication
      and audiological testings. Only one child showed a slight degree of symmetrical
      sensoneural hearing loss in the high frequency range.

PMID- 695651
TI  - [Haemodynamic response to antihypertensive treatment with atenolol in patients
      with hypertension (author's transl].
AB  - The antihypertensive effect of atenolol, a cardioselective beta-blocker, was
      examined in 8 patients with essential hypertension. The most important
      haemodynamic changes observed were a significant reduction in heart rate
      (reduction in maximum heart rate at the end of symptom-limited exercise by 23% p
      less than 0.01) and a moderate fall in systolic blood pressure (reduction at
      submaximum level of exercise by 22%, p less than 0.01). The antihypertensive
      effect was attributable in half the patients to a drop in peripheral vascular
      resistance and in the other half evenly to a predominant reduction in cardiac
      output or to a reduction in both parameters. In view of the compensatory rise in
      stroke volume a significant reduction in cardiac output was not found. Symptom
      limited exercise tolerance was increased in all patients. These results lead to
      the conclusion that the antihypertensive action of the cardioselective beta
      blocker, atenolol is based on a lowering of the increased peripheral vascular
      resistance and a reduction in cardiac output; the latter mechanism is
      predominantly found in patients with hyperkinetic features.

PMID- 695653
TI  - [Arterial embolic occlusion in tumours of kidney and bladder (author's transl)].
AB  - Arterial embolic occlusion is a comparatively new therapeutic method in urology.
      This procedure is performed now before operation of tumours of the kidney and as
      a palliative measure in the treatment of renal and bladder cancer. The procedure
      and mode of administration of the different materials for occlusion are
      described. The difficulties arising during embolic occlusion and the subjective
      response of the patient to this treatment are discussed. Furthermore, the
      advantages and disadvantages of this method and, in particular, undesirable side
      effects are pointed out.

PMID- 695654
TI  - [Exit block: a postoperative complication of pacemaker implantation (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Exit block occurs in 7% of cases following implantation of a pacemaker for the
      first time and appears to be a serious and unpredictable occurrence which cannot
      be prevented by the selection of a particular technique or type of electrode of
      pacemaker. Therapeutic measures in patients who are not dependent on a pacemaker
      consist primarily of exchanging the intracardial lead. In all patients, as well
      as in those cases with recurrence of exit block, a pulse width-adjustable pulse
      generator should be implanted without resorting to other methods of questionable
      efficacy. The implantation of such a pulse generator was successful in all our
      cases.

PMID- 695655
TI  - [Retention of anal sphincteric control following surgical treatment of 498
      patients with rectal carcinoma (author's transl)].
AB  - 498 cases of carcinoma of the rectum were operated on at the Surgical Polyclinic
      of Vienna during the period 1966 to 1975. The optimum procedure ensuring retained
      combination between presphincteric control, the mortality rate and late results
      are discussed.

PMID- 695656
TI  - [Legal aspects of patient enlightenment (therapeutic consent) from a surgeon's
      point of view (author's transl)].
AB  - The doctor-patient relationship has undergone considerable changes over recent
      years. An increase in public discussion of real or supposed malpractice has led
      to an increasingly critical attitude in patients, who are no longer prepared to
      accept the doctor's instructions unquestioningly. Every doctor, surgeons in
      particular, should, therefore, strive to restore a satisfactory relationship with
      his patient, since this is an essential precondition for ensuring therapeutic
      success. The doctor is obliged to explain to his patients (or legal spokesman)
      the risks involved in therapy and give him adequate insight into his condition.
      Only then can the patient make an adequate decision as to acceptance or refusal
      of therapy, which is legally binding (written consent in the case of operations).
      Absolute priority must be given to uninhibited maximum efficiency of the doctor.
      Legal safety should be of only secondary importance.

PMID- 695657
TI  - [Induction of labour (author's transl)].
AB  - Labour can be induced by different methods: there are conductive, indirect and
      direct approaches. Conductive techniques are reversible and, as a rule,
      successful only in women approaching term. Indirect techniques, i.e. low and high
      amniotomy, are irreversible; they should be carried out only for a precise
      indication and are associated with certain hazards. Direct techniques, i.e.
      administration of oxytocin and, recently, of prostaglandins, need an intravenous
      infusion. The dosage of the drug per minute differs according to the obstetrical
      situation and the aim of the approach. Calculated statistical data of the tonus,
      the intensity, the frequency and the uterine activity were summarized in order to
      evaluate the effect of induction of labour. The induction of labour is associated
      with hazards and risk to the fetus and/or the mother. Labour induction must be
      avoided in obstetrical situations which preclude a vaginal delivery. The
      necessity of labour induction occurs primarily under circumstances in which the
      further continuation of pregnancy is associated with increased hazards to the
      mother and/or the child.

PMID- 695658
TI  - [Rapid radioimmunoassay for the determination of serum progesterone levels
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 695659
TI  - [Urological complications following radical treatment of carcinoma of the cervix
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Urinary tract infection, obstruction and fistulation are the three commonest
      urological complications following radical treatment of cervical carcinoma.
      Special trends in treatment are discussed. Long-term results confirm the value of
      using a bladder flap in cases of reimplantation of the ureter into the bladder.
      Formation of a unilateral or bilateral "psoastip-bladder" (bipartition of the
      bladder) is described and active surgical management is recommended in cases of
      operable recurrent cervical carcinoma involving the urinary tract.

PMID- 695660
TI  - [Urinary Hcg determination by means of a new and more sensitive haemagglutination
      test (author's transl)].

PMID- 695661
TI  - [Prophylactic medication to prevent miscarriage in pregnant women with a history
      of sterility (author's transl)].
AB  - A report is given of the outcome of 451 pregnancies occurring among women who had
      previously attended the Infertility Clinic. General gestagen therapy was given
      prophylactically in 129 cases before the appearance of any signs of threatened
      abortion. Massive gestagen therapy was initiated in 41 cases in response to signs
      of threatened abortion. Gestagen was not given either prophylactically or
      therapeutically in the remaining 281 pregnancies. The incidence of abortion was
      10.1% in women given prophylactic gestagen, whilst the overall rate of abortion
      in the entire series of 451 women was 13.3%. It transpired on closer scrutiny of
      the 129 cases given prophylactic gestagen therapy that the abortion rate was
      12.0% in the 108 pregnancies in which prophylactic gestagen therapy had been
      initiated at the time of the first missed period or later, whereas not one single
      abortion was registered amongst the 21 women who had been given gestagen therapy
      in the immediate post-ovulatory phase. It can be concluded that commencement of
      prophylactic gestagen therapy at the earliest possible moment provides optimum
      conditions for successful implantation of the fertilized ovum, especially in
      cases with masked insufficiency of the corpus luteum.

PMID- 695662
TI  - [Prophylaxis and early diagnosis of cancer of the cervis (author's transl)].
AB  - As a means to early detection of cancer of the cervix Hinselmann invented the
      colposcope in 1925, Papanicolaon the smear technique in 1943 and Antoine and
      Grunberger the colpomicroscopy in 1949. A more detailed description of
      colpomicroscopy is given. The healing of a benign erosion by electrocoagulation
      or freezing is a prophylactic measure to prevent development of cancer of the
      cervix. With suspicious findings on routine examination (colposcopy,
      Papanicolaou, colpomicroscopy), the lesion must be checked by conisation. Removal
      of the entire lesion (basal hyperplasia, dysplasia, concer in situ) obviates the
      need for further therapy. Conisation is, therefore, also a prophylactic measure
      to prevent development of cancer of the cervix. A report is given of 2 series of
      cases treated at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kaiser Franz
      Joseph Hospital, Vienna.

PMID- 695663
TI  - [Glucocorticoid-induced effect of erythropoietin in haemolytic anaemia with
      uraemia and red cell enzyme deficiency (author's transl)].
AB  - The effect of 6-methylprednisolone (GCC) was studied on erythropoietin (ESF)
      levels and on the metabolic functions of erythrocytes (RBC). GCC (U mg/kg/day for
      15 days) was administered to 6 patients with the haemolytic-uraemic syndrome
      (group B) and to 6 patients with non-spherocytic haemolytic anaemia due to
      hereditary pyruvate kinase enzyme deficiency (group C). 6 healthy persons served
      as control (group A). The metabolic functions of RBC were investigated by
      assaying HMPS activity, GSH/GSSG and lactate/pyruvate ratios, relevant glycolytic
      intermediates, 2,3-DPG, ATP, and key enzymes. A significant increase in ESF was
      observed in group B patients after GCC therapy, correlating with an improvement
      in the haemolytic state, and consequent rectification of the secondary
      disturbances of RBC metabolism. Group C patients already had raised ESF levels
      before GCC therapy; no further increase occured in response to treatment and no
      other clinical or haematological change was recorded. Hence, no harmonal
      influence of GCC on the disturbed RBC metabolic process was detectable in the
      cases.

PMID- 695664
TI  - [Measles antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus (author's transl)].
AB  - 30 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 19 patients with rheumatoid
      arthritis (RA) and 34 controls were investigated with regard to measles
      antibodies (AB). The titres were compared with clinical and immunological
      parameters. As previously reported by several authors we found increased measles
      AB titres more frequently (kappa 2-test, p less than 0.05) in patients with SLE
      than in those with RA and controls. No significant correlation was found between
      immunoglobulins, antinuclear antibodies, CH50 or rheumatoid factor, and an
      elevation of the measles AB titre. A trend was noted, however, towards a positive
      correlation between measles antibodies and IgM. An elevated measles AB titre in
      SLE can be explained on the basis of several mechanisms. However,
      hyperimmunoglobulinaemia with non-specific, secondary AB elevation can be ruled
      out as a cause of elevated measles AB titre according to our results.

PMID- 695665
TI  - [Summer holiday camps for asthmatic children--an attempted assessment (author's
      transl)].
AB  - 118 schoolchildred (males:females = 2.5 : 1) with bronchial asthma--defined as
      recurrent allergic or non-allergic expiratory dyspnoea--were investigated as
      regards their clinical course, frequency of asthma attacks, exercise tolerance,
      anti-asthmatic drug requirements and spirometric changes during and after
      participation in specialized holiday programmes during the summer months in 1974,
      1975, and 1976. Clear-cut improvement was observed with regard to asthma attack
      frequency (up to nearly 100%) and drug requirements (up to 76%). Steroid
      dependence was observed in most cases. No significant spirometric improvement was
      demonstrable. All data require critical evaluation and interpretation in view of
      seasonal variations in asthmatic manifestation and the influence of environmental
      factors. On reviewing the results it is concluded that treatment of the asthmatic
      child by supervised high altitude holidays (1400 m above seal level), combined
      with physical training and a respirator re-education programme, is still a
      justified therapeutic approach, but it cannot replace specific therapy laid down
      on the basis of careful diagnostic testing. Particpation of the asthmatic child
      in school gym classes is recommended. Abstention from physical exercis due to a
      misplaced protective attitude is not beneficial in most cases.

PMID- 695666
TI  - [Five cases of lactic acidosis (author's transl)].
AB  - Five cases of non-biguanide-induced lactic acidoses are reported. The key role of
      the liver and kidneys in lactate metabolism is stressed. The patients at risk are
      enumerated and the particular stress in connexion with surgical procedures and
      the dangers of fructose infusions are pointed out. The coagulation disturbances
      due to lactic acidosis are discussed. The different operative procedures and
      their effectiveness are discussed.

PMID- 695667
TI  - [Live influenza vaccination of military personnel (author's transl)].
AB  - A field study was performed on 118 members of army personnel with the
      intranasally-applied live influenza vaccine, RIT 4050. 91 subjects were
      revaccinated 7 days thereafter. The immune response was best in subjects with a
      low prevaccination titre and was better in subjects vaccinated twice than only
      once. An immune response was also detected in the nasal secretion measuring the
      secretory IgA antibodies. Live influenza vaccine can be regarded as a suitable
      alternative to other influenza vaccines, with the qualification that it lacks an
      influenza B component.

PMID- 695668
TI  - University Center for Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev,
      Beersheva, Israel: an interim perspective.

PMID- 695669
TI  - Personnel for health care: case studies of educational programmes.

PMID- 695670
TI  - The Rijksuniversiteit Limburg, Maastricht, Netherlands: development of medical
      education.

PMID- 695671
TI  - Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand: teaching community
      health care.

PMID- 695672
TI  - School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey: fitting medical
      education to the needs of the community.

PMID- 695673
TI  - The University Centre for Health Sciences, Yaounde, United Republic of Cameroon:
      training the health team.

PMID- 695674
TI  - The institut technologique de la Sante publique, Constantine, Algeria: preparing
      health personnel for Algeria.

PMID- 695675
TI  - College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, and the Upper Peninsula
      Health Education Corporation, Marquette, MI, United States of America: the upper
      peninusula medical education programme.

PMID- 695676
TI  - The WAMI programme, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Wa,
      United States of America: decentralizing medical education.

PMID- 695677
TI  - The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia: dentists in training.

PMID- 695678
TI  - The medical school of the University of Brasilia, Brazil, 1966-1976.

PMID- 695679
TI  - The McMaster programme of medical education, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada:
      developing problem-solving abilities.

PMID- 695680
TI  - Fiji School of Medicine, Suva, Fiji: from medical assistants to physicians.

PMID- 695681
TI  - The Medical University of Pecs, Hungary: a community-oriented medical education
      programme.

PMID- 695682
TI  - Spondylo-arthritis and the histocompatibility antigens.

PMID- 695683
TI  - Correction of deformities of the fingers in rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 695684
TI  - Intrasynovial therapy with adreno-corticosteroid esters.

PMID- 695685
TI  - The effect of the Lessard decision on adult commitment statistics at Milwaukee
      County institutions.

PMID- 695686
TI  - Automated laboratory screening. An analysis of value in a nursing home
      population.

PMID- 695687
TI  - Health & planning delivery. Part I: interview with Dr Ben Lawton by Jon Soffer.

PMID- 695688
TI  - Cancer epidemiology. Part III. Cervical cancer.

PMID- 695689
TI  - Lessions in dying.

PMID- 695690
TI  - The fate of saccharin impurities: the excretion and metabolism of toluene-2
      sulphonamide in man and rat.
AB  - Oral doses (20 mg/kg) of [Me-14C]toluene-2-sulphonamide were rapidly eliminated
      by rats (92% of dose in 24 h). Most of the 14C (88%) was recovered in the urine
      within 7 days with litte (5%) in the faeces. Larger oral doses (125 and 200
      mg/kg) were eliminated more slowly (70 and 43% respectively in 24 h) but the
      overall distribution of 14C between urine and faeces was unchanged. 2. Low oral
      doses (0.2--0.4 mg/kg) of [Me-14C]toluene-2-sulphonamide were excreted more
      slowly in man than in the rat, with about 50% recovered in the urine in 24 h and
      80% in 48 h. Negligible 14C (less than 1%) appeared in the faeces. 3. The main
      metabolites of toluene-2-sulphonamide were 2-sulphamoylbenzyl alcohol and its
      sulphate and glucuronic acid conjugates (80% of the 14C in the urine of rats and
      35% in man) and saccharin (35% in man and 3% in the rat). Other metabolities
      found in the urine were 2-sulphamoylbenzoic acid (2% in the rat and 4% in man)
      and N-acetyltoluene-2-sulphonamide (6% in rat and 2% in man) together with
      unchanged compound (5% in rat and 3% in man).

PMID- 695691
TI  - The fate of saccharin impurities: the excretion and metabolism of [3-14C]Benz[d]
      isothiazoline-1,1-dioxide (BIT) in man and rat.
AB  - 1. The 14C label of [3-14C]benz[d]isothiazoline-1,1-dioxide (BIT) (40 mg/kg) was
      rapidly eliminated (97% dose in 24 h), largely in the urine (92% dose in 24 h),
      after oral administration to rats. Larger doses (400 mg/kg) were eliminated more
      slowly after oral or parenteral administration (45--60% within 24 h) mostly in
      the urine (42--53%). Little 14C (2--3% dose) was present in the faeces after
      intraperitoneal (400 mg/kg) or low oral (40 mg/kg) doses, but the presence of
      larger amounts (12% dose) after larger oral doses (400 mg/kg) indicated
      incomplete absorption. 2. Metabolites identified in the urine of rats were
      saccharin (about 30% of urinary 14C), 2-sulphamoylbenzoic acid (about 35% urinary
      14C) and 2-sulphamoylbenzyl alcohol (15% urinary 14C) in addition to unchanged
      compound (5--10% urinary 14C). The urine also contained a polar, labile
      metabolite that gave BIT on acid hydrolysis. The pattern of metabolism was not
      significantly affected by dose or route of administration. 3. In man, urine was
      the major route of elimination of 14C (93% dose) after administration of 14C-BIT
      (0.5 mg/kg). Negligible 14C was recovered in the faeces (less than 1% dose).
      Excretion was rapid (59% dose in 6 h; 80% dose in 12 h) and little 14C was
      eliminated on the second (3%) or subsequent days after dosing. 4. Identified
      metabolites in man included saccharin (about 50% of urinary 14C), 2
      sulphamoylbenzoic acid (7% urinary 14C) and 2-sulphamoylbenzyl alcohol (8%
      urinary 14C unconjugated and 40% conjugated) with negligible unchanged compound.
      Only traces of the polar labile metabolite were detected. 5. the possible
      significance of metabolic interrelationships of toluene-2-sulphonamide and BIT to
      studies on the metabolism of saccharin are discussed.

PMID- 695692
TI  - The fate of saccharin impurities: the metabolism and excretion of 3-amino [3
      14C]benz[d]-isothiazole-1,1-dioxide and 5-chlorosaccharin in the rat.
AB  - 1. 3-Amino[3-14C]benz[d]isothiazole-1, 1-dioxide was prepared from [3-14C]
      saccharin. IT was well adsorbed on oral administration to rats (25 mg/kg) with
      only 2% of the 14C in the faeces. The absorbed material was rapidly eliminated
      with about 87% dose in the urine in 24 h and 91% in 4 days. Little 14C (0.5% of
      dose) was present in the carcass 4 days after dosing. Most of the 14C in the 0-
      24 h urine (99%) was present as unchanged 3-aminobenz[d]isothiazole-1,1-dioxide,
      the rest being an unidentified metabolite. 2. 5-Chlorosaccharin was excreted
      unchanged after oral administration to rats (80 mg/kg) with 76% dose in the urine
      in 24 h and 81% in 4 days. Only 4% was detected in the faeces. There was no
      significance hydrolysis (less than 0.5%) to 5-chloro-2-sulphamoylbenzoic acid. 3.
      The extent of metabolism of these and other compounds related to saccharin showed
      good agreement with the extent of their partitioning into organic solvents.

PMID- 695693
TI  - Metabolism of the antimicrobial agent nibroxane, 5-bromo-2-methyl-5-nitro-m
      dioxane, in the rat.
AB  - 1. The metabolism of nibroxane, a topically effective antimicrobial agent has
      been studied in the rat after oral and dermal administrations. 2. Plasma level
      studies in vitro and in vivo showed nibroxane to be rapidly debrominated to 2
      methyl-5-nitro-m-dioxane. 3. Nibroxane is rapidly absorbed and extensively
      metabolized in the rat regardless of the route of administration. 4. Enzymic
      hydrolysis of the m-dioxane ring was of major importance in the biotransformation
      of nibroxane. The major eliminated metabolite in the rat was 2-nitropropan-1,3
      diol.

PMID- 695694
TI  - The identification of eight hydroxylated metabolites of etidocaine by chemical
      ionization mass spectrometry.
AB  - 1. Eight hydroxylated metabolites of etidocaine have been identified in urine of
      man by g.l.c.-chemical ionization mass spectrometry, using methane and a mixture
      of methane and deuterium oxide as reactant gases. 2. The metabolites identified
      were N-(2,6-dimethyl-3- and 4-hydroxyphenyl-)-2-(N,N
      ethylpropylamino)butyramides, N-(2,6-dimethyl-3- and 4-hydroxyphenyl)-2
      aminobutyramides, N-(2,6-dimethyl-3- and 4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(N
      ethylamino)butyramides, and N-(2,6-dimethyl-3- and 4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(N
      propylamino)butyramides. 3. The eight metabolites represent about 10% of the oral
      dose of etidocaine.

PMID- 695695
TI  - Sex differences in the kinetic constants of ethylmorphine demethylation and type
      I binding to hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 in mice. The influence of
      castration and testosterone.
AB  - 1. In the CPB-SE mouse strain sex differences were observed in the Km and Vmax of
      ethylmorphine demethylation and in the deltaAmax of its type I binding to
      cytochrome P-450. In the CPB-V strain a small sex difference in the Vmax of the
      demethylation was found, whereas Ks and deltaAmax of type I binding differed
      considerably. 2. Testosterone pre-treatment of female CPB-SE mice abolished all
      sex differences, as did castration of males, except in Vmax, which was partially
      decreased. In the CPB-V strain testosterone pre-treatment of females abolished
      sex differences in type I binding, but had no effect on ethylmorphine
      demethylation. 3. Km values exceeded the corresponding Ks in all cases and sex
      differences in deltaAmax far exceeded those in Vmax. It is concluded that the Km
      is determined not only by the Ks of type I binding and the reduction rate of the
      type I complex between ethylmorphine and cytochrome P-450. The larger sex
      differences in deltaAmax as compared with Vmax may be attributable to type I
      binding of ethylmorphine to cytochrome P-450 subspecies not involved in its
      demethylation.

PMID- 695696
TI  - Studies on the metabolism of arylacetic acids. 5. The metabolic fate of 2
      naphthylacetic acid in the rat, rabbit and ferret.

PMID- 695697
TI  - Biotransformation of 3-(2',4',5'-triethoxybenzoyl) propionic acid, a new biliary
      smooth muscle relaxant with choleretic activity, in rats.
AB  - 1. By the combined use of deuterium labelling and gas chromatographic-mass
      spectrometric analysis, the metabolite pattern of 3-[2',4',5'-triethoxybenzoyl)
      propionic acid (triethoxybenzoylpropionic acid), a new biliary smooth muscle
      relaxant with choleretic activity, has been determined in the rat. 2. The
      metabolites excreted in urine and/or bile were isolated and characterized as
      follows: the parent drug, 3-(2',5'-diethoxy-4'-hydroxybenzoyl)propionic acid
      (metabolite II),3-(2'-ethoxy-4'-hydroxy-5'-methoxybenzoyl)propionic acid or 3-(2'
      ethoxy-5'-hydroxy-4'-methoxybenzoyl)propionic acid (III), 3-(2',4'-diethoxy-5'
      hydroxybenzoyl)propionic acid (V) and 3-[2',4'-diethoxy-5'-(2
      hydroxyethoxy)benzoyl]propionic acid (VI). 3. The primary route of
      biotransformation of triethoxybenzoylpropionic acid in the rat was either O-de
      ethylation at the C-4' and C-5' positions or beta-hydroxylation of the ethoxy
      group at the C-5' position in the parent molecule. 4. All these excreted products
      except metabolite VI were eliminated both unconjugated and in conjugates
      (probably glucuronides and/or sulphates). 5. The rat excreted mainly metabolites
      V and VI in the urine and parent drug, metabolites V and VI in the bile.

PMID- 695698
TI  - Metabolic fate of 1-hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil in rats.
AB  - 1. The metabolic fate of a new antitumour agent, 1-hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluoro [6
      14C]uracil (14C-HCFU) in rats after oral administration was compared with that of
      5-fluoro[6-14C]uracil (14C-FU). 2. Tissue radioactivity reached a max. 1 to 3 h
      after administration of 14C-HCFU and 0.5 h after 14C-FU. 3. Both drugs were
      excreted rapidly, mostly in urine. Expired 14CO2 from 14C-HCFU was significantly
      less than that from 14C-FU. 4. Unchanged FU was not detected in plasma 3 h after
      administration of 14C-FU, whereas FU was detected in plasma 5 h after 14C-HCFU.
      The pyrimidine ring of 14C-HCFU might be degradated more slowly than that of 14C
      FU. 5. 1-(5-Carboxypentylcarbamoyl)-5-fluorouracil and 1-(3
      carboxypropylcarbamoyl)-5-fluorouracil were identified as the major urinary
      metabolites of 14C-HCFU.

PMID- 695699
TI  - Taurine conjugation in metabolism of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid and the pyrethroid
      insecticide cypermethrin in mouse.
AB  - 1. A substantial proportion of the radioactivity of an oral dose (1-20 mg/kg) of
      3-phenoxy [14C] benzoic acid and the pyrethroid insecticide trans- and cis-[aryl
      14C] cypermethrin (an alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl ester) is eliminated rapidly in
      urine of mice. 2. The major urinary metabolite of these compounds in two strains
      of mice is N-(3-phenoxybenzoyl)taurine. 3. Neither 3-phenoxybenzoic acid nor
      cypermethrin gives a taurine conjugate in rats. 4. Benzoic acid gives no taurine
      conjugate in mice.

PMID- 695700
TI  - The oxidative metabolism of alpha-chlorohydrin in the male rat and the formation
      of spermatocoeles.
AB  - 1. The oxidative metabolism of [3-36C]chloropropan-1,2-diol (alpha-chlorohydrin,
      I) was studied in male rats. Two metabolites were isolated and identified as beta
      chlorolactic acid (IV) and oxalic acid (V). 2. Neither alpha-chlorohydrin nor
      beta-chlorolactate was concentrated in any tissue. Traces of an intermediate
      metabolite, beta-chlorolactaldehyde (III) were detected in the urine within 4 h
      of administration. Studies in vitro indicated that the metabolic pathway is:
      alpha-chlorohydrin leads to beta-chlorolactaldehyde leads to beta-chlorolactic
      acid. 3. A comparative study of the metabolism of 36Cl- and 14C-beta
      chlorolactate showed that oxalate was produced slowly and, as calcium oxalate,
      caused a type of renal glomerular nephritis. This pathological condition is
      responsible for the diuretic action of both alpha-chlorohydrin and beta
      chlorolactate and, in higher doses, for their toxicities. 4. The role of oxalate,
      as a metabolite of alpha-chlorohydrin and of a number of related compounds, in
      inducing the formation of spermatocoeles in the male rat reproductive tract is
      discussed.

PMID- 695701
TI  - Stereoselective disposition of fenfluramine enantiomers in the rat.
AB  - 1. Rats were treated with d-, l-or dl-fenfluramine. The two optical isomers and
      their metabolites were determined in plasma, red blood cells and brain areas such
      as striatum and brainstem. 2. In all cases, the levels of d-fenfluramine were
      higher than those of the l-enantiomer, while levels of the metabolite
      norfenfluramine were lower for the d- than the l-form. 3. When metabolism of
      fenfluramine was inhibited by pre-treatment with SKF 525-A, the concentrations of
      the enantiomers no longer differed.

PMID- 695702
TI  - [Steroid transforming enzymes from microorganisms. V. Purification of a 4-en-3
      oxosteroid: (acceptor)-1-en-oxidoreductase from Nocardia opaca and
      characterization of the prosthetic group].

PMID- 695703
TI  - Some characteristics of p-fluorophenylalanine-resistant mutants of Penicillium
      cyclopium.

PMID- 695704
TI  - [Effect of proline analogs on Calviceps purpurea].

PMID- 695705
TI  - [Selection and characterization of Penicillium cyclopium mutants with altered
      developmental program].
AB  - After treatment with NNMG, NaNO2 or UV-light of conidiospores of Penicillium
      cyclopium strain SM 72 variant strains (mutants) with altered developmental
      programme were selected. Additionally from a methionine-auxotrophic mutant of P.
      cyclopium prototrophic revertants were prepared. Investigation of the alkaloid
      metabolism and other idiophase processes has shown that these mutant strains can
      be divided into two groups (cf. table 1): a) Mutants with a depression of all
      idiophase features. The defects of these strains presumably affect central
      regulatory processes which, as in strain rev-met 83a, can be reversed
      spontaneously by an one-step mechanism and b) mutants defective in certain parts
      of the idiophase programme only, demonstrating that there is a certain autonomy
      in regulation of the individual parts of the programme.

PMID- 695706
TI  - Metabolism of fructose in Thiocapsa roseopersicina.
AB  - Thiocapsa roseopersicina strain 6311 grew phototrophically in a mineral medium
      containing fructose as sole electron donor and carbon source with a doubling time
      of 11--13 h, provided the mineral medium contained vitamine B12 (50 ng/ml), not
      more than 20 mM phosphate, and the culture was preincubated in the dark for 24 h.
      In fructose-grown cells but not in autotrophically grown cells, the cell-protein
      content was strongly reduced when vitamine B12 was growth limiting, while the
      carbohydrate content was increased. Growth on fructose as sole carbon source was
      inhibited by the addition of sulfide or thiosulfate; growth inhibition was
      relieved in the presence of bicarbonate. No growth on fructose was observed
      anaerobically in the dark; aerobic growth in the dark was poor. Analysis of
      enzyme activities in fructose- and acetate-grown cells indicated that fructose
      was catabolized via fructose-1-phosphate and the EMBDEN-MEYERHOF pathway. The
      operation of the EMBDEN-MEYERHOF pathway was confirmed by incorporation of 1-14C
      , 3-14C-, and 6-14C-fructose into the spirilloxanthin fraction and analysis of
      its specific radioactivity.

PMID- 695707
TI  - [Growth kinetics of thiamine requiring Candida lipolytica during thiamine
      limitation: the existence of a linear growth phase].
AB  - The growth kinetics of batch cultures of the thiamine requiring Candida
      lipolytica 695 was investigated. It was established that a phase of logarithmic
      growth is followed by a linear growth phase. The time length of the linear phase
      and the relative increasing of the biomass during the linear phase are nearly
      constant and independend of the concentration of thiamine. The existence of the
      linear phase is discussed in connection with a constant activity of one of the
      two 2-ketoacid dehydrogenases as a bottle neck enzyme which needs thiamine
      pyrophosphate as coenzyme. Critical intracellular thiamine concentrations were
      calculated necessary for transition from the logarithmic to the linear phase and
      from the logarithmic to the stationary growth phase. Without the existence of the
      second critical thiamine concentration the linear growth would continue
      infinitely.

PMID- 695708
TI  - [Microbial dechlorination of pesticides and other environmental chemicals].

PMID- 695709
TI  - [Experiences in the organization of a therapeutic community for psychotherapy
      within an urban hospital].

PMID- 695710
TI  - [The angina pectoris syndrome. I].

PMID- 695711
TI  - [Contribution to the knowledge of rare amniogenic malformations].

PMID- 695712
TI  - [Technic and value of the percutaneous punch biopsy by means of the Silverman
      cannula in the diagnosis of breast neoplasms].

PMID- 695713
TI  - [Tumorigenic form of a retroperitoneal xanthofibrogranuloma].

PMID- 695714
TI  - [EDV analysis of disability evaluations in incapacity to work].

PMID- 695715
TI  - [Treatment of angina pectoris with dipyridamol (Curantyl, Germed)].

PMID- 695716
TI  - [A further case of a patient with Munchhausen syndrome].

PMID- 695717
TI  - [Experiences with legislation for hospital referral].

PMID- 695718
TI  - [Clinical and diagnostic aspects in hormone inactive pituitary neoplasms].

PMID- 695719
TI  - [Diagnostic value of arthralgia as a symptom].

PMID- 695720
TI  - [The child in nephro-urologic care. 3. Psychogogic measures in the care of
      children with nephro-urologic diseases].

PMID- 695721
TI  - [Current problems in lowering the mortality in breast neoplasms].

PMID- 695722
TI  - [Burning of the middle ear by riveting metals].

PMID- 695723
TI  - [Tasks of the district hygiene inspection in the execution of the state culture
      law].

PMID- 695724
TI  - [Notes on the reduction of physical efficiency in patients with multiple
      sclerosis].

PMID- 695725
TI  - [Industrialization and industrial hygiene in developing countries].

PMID- 695726
TI  - [Thromboembolism and fibrinolytic therapy].

PMID- 695727
TI  - [Social diagnosis and social measures in the treatment of mentally retarded
      children].

PMID- 695728
TI  - [Infectious diseases in present-day pediatrics].

PMID- 695729
TI  - [Psychotherapy in the treatment of gynecologic diseases].

PMID- 695730
TI  - [Analysis of urinary calculi and its significance in the therapy and metaphylaxis
      of urolithiasis].

PMID- 695731
TI  - [Appendicitis in an elderly person with coexisting infarction of the omentum
      maius].

PMID- 695732
TI  - [Incidence and distribution of urologic diseases in Berlin in the years 1969
      1974].

PMID- 695733
TI  - [Problems connected with the notion: Optimal work disability and its duration].

PMID- 695735
TI  - [Developmental trends of world health conditions].

PMID- 695734
TI  - [Potassium permanganate burns].

PMID- 695736
TI  - [Remarks on the work of U. Mendes, "Adrenalin shock caused by an unusual form of
      pheochromocytoma", (1977)No. 13, p. 629].

PMID- 695737
TI  - [Use and application of aerosols on the upper respiratory tract including the
      paranasal sinuses (author's transl)].
AB  - A general view of actually situation of aerosol application in inflammatory
      affections of mucous membrane of upper respiratory tract is represented. Aerosol
      therapy problems of inflammation of the paranasal sinuses - sinus maxillaris and
      sinus frontalis - are accentuated and new experimental in vivo results are
      submitted.

PMID- 695738
TI  - An electroaerosol device for group vaccination against influenza.
AB  - With the aid of an electroaerosol device a group of persons were vaccinated by
      inhalation of influenza vaccine. In a first trial 76 persons with a low antibody
      level (1 : 20 and less) were vaccinated against A2/Victoria/1/72 and B/USSR/69:
      Antibodies were reexamined 30 days later, Interferon at the 3rd and 10th day.
      This kind of vaccination caused an antibody increase statistically significant.
      In the course of an influenza epidemic 2,300 persons vaccinated by inhalation
      were compared with 2,195 not vaccinated. Among the persons vaccinated there were
      13.7 +/- 0.7% diseases, among the non vaccinated persons 26.3 +/- 0.9%.

PMID- 695739
TI  - Vaccination by the aerosol method.
AB  - After a review on vaccination by inhalation of aerosols the authors describe the
      group vaccination with the aid of an electroaerosol generator. 8 persons may be
      vaccinated simultaneously in a very short time. The vaccination by inhalation is
      without any hazards. The viability of the microorganisms in the aerosol is
      preserved. Interferon inhalation seems to reduce symptoms of intoxication in the
      first days after outset of influenza or acute airway infection. The efficiency of
      vaccination through aerosol inhalations against bacterial infections demands
      further researchs.

PMID- 695740
TI  - [The combined effect of ionizing radiation and smoking on the causation of
      bronchial carcinoma (author's transl)].
AB  - For the prevention of bronchial carcinoma the identification of its causes is of
      highest priority. Especial attention should be dedicated to the combined action
      of several factors. In this paper a review is given on the combination effect of
      simultaneous action of ionizing radiation and smoking observed by epidemiological
      studies in miners exposed to radon and its consecutive products. The amplifying
      action of both factors observed under working conditions brought about to refer
      to such combinations in smokers also outside their working life. This results
      from the natural loading by radiation of the respiratory tract, from radioactive
      material in the emmission of power stations on the base of fossil fuels, and from
      the contents of tobacco with 210Pb and 210Po. The combined action of radiation
      and smoking is regarded as another motivation to give up smoking strictly.

PMID- 695741
TI  - [Case finding of bronchial carcinoma in Czechoslovakia (author's transl)].
AB  - In Czechoslovakia obligatory registration of all cases of cancer is introduced in
      1953. In this paper are informed of the most important results of the analysis of
      indexes which were find out in the whole country, of the results of epidemic
      studies in Prag, and of the epidemic studies in the district of Kolin. From 1959
      to 1975 the rate of bronchial carcinoma has increased in men from 47 to 86 of the
      male population, in women from 6 to 9 of the female population.

PMID- 695742
TI  - [Definition of limits of bronchial reactivity with aid of bodyplethysmography
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Investigations for dose-effect relationship of acetylcholine-ultrasonic-aerosols
      (apparatus "TUR" USI3, duration of inhalation three minutes, control of the
      ventilation parameters five minutes after termination of inhalation) led to the
      result that the delimination of the bronchial hyperreactivity is already possible
      by application of a 0.01% test-concentration. In this way the ultrasonic-aerosol
      method also leads to results which are comparable with the nozzle-aerosol-method
      used in GDR (0.5% test-concentration, duration of inhalation one minute). As a
      limiting criteria for the evaluation of a bronchial hyperreactivity analogous to
      the decrease in the FEV1 of greater than or equal to 15% in comparison with the
      starting position for the bodyplethysmography yield an increase of the resistance
      totalis of greater than or equal to 3.0 cm H2O/1/s.

PMID- 695743
TI  - Autoradiography of colonies of mycobacteria on membrane filters. Effect of
      tuberculostatics on incorporation of radioactive phosphorus.
AB  - A technique for the autoradiography of colonies of mycobacteria on membrane
      filters has been evolved. The method enables studies on the effect of various
      factors on the incorporation of radioisotopes by mycobacteria. In this study the
      effect of INH, SM and RMP on the incorporation of 32P by mycobacteria cultivated
      in the form of microcolonies on membrane filters was examined. 30 minute
      incubation of Myc. phlei or 10 hour incubation of Myc. H37Ra with these drugs
      caused visible inhibition of 32P incorporation by drug-sensitive mycobacteria.

PMID- 695744
TI  - [A questionnaire with a special computer programme for the anamnesis of patients
      with suspicion of asthma bronchiale (author's transl)].
AB  - A questionnaire with a special computer programme is introduced for the anamnesis
      of patients with suspicion of asthma bronchiale. The questionnaire is filled in
      by the patient himself. It has proved of use in 750 patients during three years.

PMID- 695745
TI  - [Article in addition to the angioleiomyomatosis of the lungs (author's transl)].
AB  - The appearance of a spontaneous chylothorax is a rare case-taking. Chylous
      effusions are a cardinal symptom of the angioleiomyomatosis of the lungs.
      Symptomatics and diagnostics of this very rare disease occuring only in women are
      described by means of one casuistics. Referring to about 60 cases described in
      literature the probable pathogenetic mechanism and the possibilities of therapy
      are mentioned in the discussion.

PMID- 695747
TI  - An epidemiological and biochemical study on osteomalacia among pregnant women in
      Egypt.
AB  - 230 pregnant women of low socio-economic standard were studied regarding the
      nutritional status and state of calcium and bone mineralization, social,
      environmental, dietary and biological factors of the women were also investigated
      to determine their possible role in such state. Results revealed a low
      nutritional status associated with biochemical abnormality denoting an impaired
      calcium state and defective bone mineralization. The low intake of available
      calcium and lack or inefficient supplements are suggested to be the main factors
      in causing the low state of calcium.

PMID- 695746
TI  - [Drugs and vitamins].
AB  - Since most of the drugs are taken orally via the gastrointestinal tract,
      interactions with food ingredients may lead to alterations in the intake of
      essential dietary factors. With regard to vitamins the following effects have
      been demonstrated: early decomposition resp. inactivation, decreased absorption
      or a qualitatively and quantitatively modified metabolism. Examples of such
      changes are given with regard to water- and lipid-soluble vitamins.

PMID- 695748
TI  - Microsomal enzymes inducers and serum minerals in carbon-tetrachloride
      hepatotoxicity.
AB  - The effect of ten repeated doses of carbon tetrachloride, phenobarbitone and
      propionyl promazine when administered alone or simultaneously with CCl4 on serum
      minerals was investigated. Carbon tetrachloride resulted in a significant
      increase in serum iron, copper, zinc, calcium, potassium and sodium. A portion of
      this rise was due to increased permeability in damaged mitochondrial membrane as
      a result of the action of CCl4. Propionyl promazine when administered alone or
      together with CCl4 has no effect on serum minerals. Phenobarbitone when
      administered alone increased serum minerals except sodium, but to a lesser degree
      than CCl4, while phenobarbitone when given repeatedly together with small doses
      of CCl4 led to a normalization of serum iron, calcium and potassium. Also serum
      zinc and copper were lower than in case of CCl4. This may be due to some
      protective effect of phenobarbitone on liver mitochondria. Serum magnesium was
      not affected in all the experimental groups.

PMID- 695749
TI  - Effect of phenobarbitone and propionyl-promazine on serum enzymes in carbon
      tetrachloride hepatotoxicity.
AB  - The influence of phenobarbitone givenin ten repeated doses simultaneously with
      small doses of CCl4 on serum enzymes was investigated in albino rats. The same
      experiment was repeated to investigate the influence of propionyl-promazine
      (phenothiazine derivative). The results proved that SGPT is a more specific and
      sensitive index than SGOT of hepato-cellular injury. The activity ratio between
      serum GOT and GPT in the normal control group was 2.44. The activity of SGPT
      increased nearly 6.1 fold after CCl4 administration and thus the activity ratio
      between GOT and GPT is sharply reduced to 0.56. The activity of serum GPT when
      CCl4 and phenobarbitone were administered together showed value of about 1/2 of
      the value when CCl4 was administered alone, while it remained high when CCl4
      administration was combined with propionyl-promazine. Serum GOT and alkaline
      phosphatase increased significantly in all the groups. Regarding the pathological
      examination of the liver it was found that marked fatty necrosis could be
      demonstrated when high values of SGPT was found, which is not the case with serum
      GOT. It is concluded that in the present experimental conditions phenobarbitone
      protected the liver from the hepatotoxic effect of CCl4, while propionyl
      promazine did not.

PMID- 695751
TI  - [Comparative studies of work hygiene in old-fashioned and modern foundries].

PMID- 695750
TI  - Effect of drugs affecting microsomal enzymes on serum protein pattern and fat
      content of the liver.

PMID- 695752
TI  - [Concentration of acid vapors and mist at place of work by means of miniature
      absorbers].

PMID- 695754
TI  - [Heart rate variations in machine operators during work and during sensomotor
      laboratory loading].

PMID- 695753
TI  - [Principles of anthropometric design of work places].

PMID- 695755
TI  - [Chemotherapy of brucellosis].

PMID- 695756
TI  - [Tests of oxygen consumption and of the activity of fructose-1, 6-diphosphate
      aldolase as well as of fatty acid composition of BHK 21 cells infected with
      rubella virus].

PMID- 695757
TI  - [Electron microscopy study of rubella virus].

PMID- 695758
TI  - [Diagnostic significance of the detection of antibody-coated bacteria in urine].

PMID- 695759
TI  - [Glory and misery of the antisocialist criticism of sociology].

PMID- 695760
TI  - [Use of statistical methods in the classification of municipalities].

PMID- 695761
TI  - [Multivariate homogeneity analysis of random samples of normal distribution].

PMID- 695762
TI  - [Simulation experiments with trainable linears classifiers for supporting
      diagnostic work involved in operable heart diseases].

PMID- 695763
TI  - [International comparability of time and motion studies in medical facilities
      with special reference to general medical care].

PMID- 695764
TI  - [Prognostic aspects of providing medical care to older citizens].

PMID- 695765
TI  - [The goal: a universally trained rehabilitation therapeutist].

PMID- 695767
TI  - [Combined effect of cyclohexanone and whole-body vibration--animal experiment
      studies].

PMID- 695766
TI  - [Synergistic effect of carbon monoxide and benzene in rats].

PMID- 695768
TI  - [Animal experiments on exposure to noise and acrylonitrile under chronobiologic
      aspects].

PMID- 695769
TI  - [Output study on combined noise and carbon tetrachloride exposure in rats].

PMID- 695770
TI  - [Changes in blood and cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of rats poisoned with
      carbon monoxide following glucose administration].

PMID- 695771
TI  - [Effects of single or multiple sodium nitrite intoxications on motoric nerve
      conduction velocity in rats].

PMID- 695772
TI  - [Reaction of sodium fluoride in warm-blooded subjects under the influence of
      boron and iron].

PMID- 695773
TI  - [Toxicity of aliphatic amines].

PMID- 695774
TI  - [Gel chromatographic and electrophoretic serum protein pattern in rats following
      acute acrylonitrile intoxication].

PMID- 695775
TI  - [Comparative studies on the life span of K-inbred rats and colony-bred rats].

PMID- 695776
TI  - [Recording of walking performance of nurses working in hospital departments].

PMID- 695777
TI  - [Health status of workers exposed to carbon disulfide in the synthetic fibre
      industry].

PMID- 695779
TI  - [Recommendations on industrial hygiene aspects and evaluation of welding areas].

PMID- 695778
TI  - [Studies on subjects exposed to PPP].

PMID- 695780
TI  - [Career women in managerial positions--a study of industrial hygiene aspects of
      their occupational and other duties].

PMID- 695781
TI  - [Contribution of Soviet medicine to the formation of a socialist industrial
      medicine].

PMID- 695782
TI  - [Socio-hygienic and epidemiologic studies on selected tumor diseases].

PMID- 695783
TI  - [Effect of experiencing a disease on opinion about diseases].

PMID- 695784
TI  - [Evaluation of health-education films].

PMID- 695785
TI  - [Ambulatory care in the USSR].

PMID- 695786
TI  - [What emergencies arise from anticoagulant therapy?].
AB  - The antithrombotics (fibrinolytics, anticoagulants and aggregation inhibitors)
      belong to the most effective therapeutic methods and are used in all clinical
      specialties. The therapeutic mechanism of the fibrinolytics and anticoagulants is
      recognizable and can be regulated by hepatic parameters. Nevertheless, under this
      treatment patients undergo a potential risk of haemorrhage which not in every
      case can be estimated with the usual laboratory parameters. In addition to the
      factors increasing the potential risk false behaviour of the physician in charge
      and false behaviour on the side of the patient must be mentioned. In these two
      cases a treatment with antithrombotics should be omitted. If personal and
      technical insufficiencies are present the patient should be transferred to a
      centre for further treatment. In acute indications for discontinuing the
      treatment with antithrombotics depending on the clinical urgency a gradually
      different discontinuation by stages should be striven for, in order to avoid
      thromboembolic relapses.

PMID- 695787
TI  - [Gastrectomy patients--a retrospective study].
AB  - Of 39 patients with resected stomach the endoscopic and radiological findings as
      well as the anamnestic and paraclinical data were analysed retrospectively and
      compared. In contrast to the patients with recidivation ulcer and stump gastritis
      the patients with a gastric stump carcinoma had an essentially higher average age
      and, in general, a considerably longer postoperative interval. The endoscopy,
      including biopsy, achieved a considerably greater diagnostic security in the
      various groups of disease than the X-ray examination. Symptoms, such as decrease
      of weight, gastric pains and vomiting, were most frequently found in patients
      with carcinoma.

PMID- 695788
TI  - [Evaluation of weather-dependent dyspnea by means of body plethysmographic study
      of bronchial reactivity].
AB  - By body plethysmographic investigations including the test of the bronchial
      reactivity (ultrasound aerosol of a 0.01% acetylcholine solution) was
      demonstrated that in dependence on the degree of the manifest disturbance of
      ventilation the frequency of the bronchial hyperreactivity (increase of the total
      resistance by at least 3.0 cm H2O/l/s compared with the initial position)
      increases. The constellation of findings mentioned leads to a large increase of
      dyspnoea depending on weather.

PMID- 695789
TI  - [Psychologic guidance of the cancer patient].
AB  - Cancer belongs to these diseases threatening severely the lives of patients
      affected by cancer. Therefore, cancer is connected with psychic responses on the
      part of the patient. The response as a result of the disease is intensified by
      negative environmental experiences. The physician has to make due allowance for
      this fact in the patient's guidance. At the beginning the pros and cons of a
      truthful information of the patient are discussed. In the following an inhouse
      model of the care of patients is presented according to which the patient is
      faced with his diagnosis and prognosis. An attempt is made of helping the patient
      "to integrate" his disease and to cope with "his" cancer problem. This also
      includes the guidance of the relations.

PMID- 695790
TI  - [The behavior of albumin in acute and chronic liver damage. III. Intrahepatic and
      serum albumin concentrations in human liver diseases].
AB  - In 305 patients examined by liver biopsy albumin and the entire soluble protein
      in the liver puncture as well as albumin in the serum were estimated
      quantitatively. A significant decrease of the serum albumin level in active
      cirrhoses and biliary liver damages confirmed the importance of the
      hypalbuminaemia as facultative symptom of a liver damage. The lacking specifity
      was emphasized by the low albumin serum concentrations in malignomas and after
      the intake of contraceptive hormones. The hypalbuminaemia and the increased
      content of soluble liver protein in the bioptic material might enrich the
      diagnostics of the activity in cirrhoses. The diagnostic value of the decrease of
      the relative proportion of albumin is low, since of all liver diseases examined
      the active cirrhosis alone was accompanied by a significant decrease. The
      estimation of the albumin content in the bioptically got liver tissue had in
      contrast to the animal experiment no diagnostic value for liver diseases.

PMID- 695791
TI  - [Removal of a foreign body from the superior vena cava by means of a urinary
      calculus remover].
AB  - It is reported on a successful removal of torn off or knotted parts of a heart
      catheter, which were extracted without difficulties from the superior vena cava
      and from the right atrium via the vena saphena magna by means of the catcher of
      ureteroliths after Dormia. One case in question was a 27-year-old male patient
      with pentalogy of Fallot, in whom was the danger of embolisation into the greater
      circulatory system on account of the torn off catheter conducting wire. In the
      other 57-year-old patient with acute myocardial infarction after knotting of a
      subclavian catheter a mechanical irritation of the endocardium with repeated
      appearance of ventricular fibrillation developed. Before deciding on a
      thoracotomy for the removal of parts of a catheter from the central vessels and
      the heart it should be tried before a transvasal extraction with the help of
      special catheters.

PMID- 695792
TI  - [Cardiovascular radiography, changes in the thoracic aorta, ECG and clinical
      parameters in hypertension. 2. Changes in the thoracic aorta in hypertension].
AB  - In 142 hypertensives and a control group of 230 normotensives the measure of the
      aorta after Kreuzfuchs was estimated. In the two groups a significant increase of
      the width of the aorta was found with growing age. Whilst the width of the aorta
      concerning the degree of severity I of hypertension on an average were slightly
      below those of normotensives, they were increased in the degrees of severity II
      and III, but a further increase could not be ascertained at the transition from
      degree of severity II to III. On the other hand, the duration of hypertension is
      of particular importance when a dilation of the aorta is present. Also between
      deformation of the heart and measure of the aorta close relations which may
      conclude to a homogenous development are to be seen particularly in the younger
      patients. The influence of the sclerosis of the aorta in the sense of an
      additional dilation of the aorta could not be clearly confirmed on the basis of
      our material. On the other hand, the frequency of calcium depositions
      significantly increased with growing age in the region of the aortic arce and in
      the group of younger patients with the duration of hypertension, whereas the
      different degrees of severity II and III had a smaller influence. It is
      interesting that several patients showed normal widths of the aorta despite a
      duration of the hypertension of more than 5 years and a degree of severity III.

PMID- 695793
TI  - [Results of in vivo analysis of injected fibrinogen degradation products and
      factor VIII in patients with hemophilia A].
AB  - Seven patients with haemophilia A CP were injected in a dosage of 1 to 3 double
      units, which were stored for 127 days partly deep-frozen, partly lyophilized and
      after this time contained fibrinogen fission products (16--256 microgram/ml).
      Though in two patients after the transfusion positive WA of the injected
      fibrinogen fission products were established, a relevant influence on the
      fibrinogen fission product levels of the patients is to be expected only after
      administration of larger quantities of such preparations. The therapeutic
      efficacy of the stored CP was insufficient, since despite good in-vitro
      activities of factor VIII the increase of factor VIII in four patients was slight
      and retarding and did not take place in three patients.

PMID- 695794
TI  - [Hemangioendothelioma--a case contribution].
AB  - By means of two casuistics the haemangioendothelioma is demonstrated. The
      malignant tumour may occur in all tissues and organs metastasizing in
      haematogenic and lymphogenic manners. The thorotrast or vinylchloride-caused
      promotion of the tumour formation is especially discussed because of its
      considerably prophylactic importance.

PMID- 695796
TI  - [Status and goal of surgical research].

PMID- 695795
TI  - [Does abdoman cause ileus?].
AB  - On account of its favourable pharmacological properties Abdoman has proved in the
      treatment of patients with uncomplicated duodenal ulcer. On the basis of its
      pronounced motility inhibiting effect on the gastrointestinal canal it may be
      additionally used for the treatment of diarrhoea. It is reported on 5 patients in
      which under Abdoman therapy a paralytic ileus developed as severe complication,
      so that it must be warned of an uncontrolled prescription of abdoman concerning
      this indication. Abdoman should be used above all in juvenile patients, in which
      case particular attention must be paid to obstipation as most frequent side
      effect.

PMID- 695797
TI  - Segmental infrarenal aortocaval transposition. An experimental model for vascular
      research.
AB  - The technique for transposition of infrarenal segments from the abdominal aorta
      and the caval vein, respectively, was described and morfological changes
      characterized. The vessel walls in the transposed caval segments became
      "arterialized" 1 month after the operation due to increased connective tissue in
      the media. Fibrin depositions were found on the intimal layer. The transposed
      aortic segments had no morfological changes. The described model was found to be
      a simple and valuable method for vascular research in small animals.

PMID- 695798
TI  - [Thrombogenic effect of direct current in the arterial circulation].
AB  - In 54 dogs thrombosis was induced in the femoral artery by means of continuous
      current. Macroscopic and microscopic and studies on the tensile strength of the
      vascular wall were carried out in order to clarify the thrombogenic effect of
      continuous current. Further the behavior of the blood flow during the formation
      of the thrombus was examined.

PMID- 695799
TI  - [Collecting methods for pancreatic juice in long-term research in the non
      anesthesized dog].
AB  - Comparison of various methods of collecting pancreatic juice in long-term
      experiments shows that there is no ideal procedure. The authors themselves
      obtained the best results by help of the duodenal cannula according to Tuckermann
      and Thomas, which is implanted in the duodenum opposite to the duodenal papilla.
      Using this cannula it is often possible with sufficient skill and patience to
      cannulate the duodenal papilla from the outside and to gain pancreatic juice from
      the awake dog in an exact manner. Among the pouch techniques the best is the
      method according to Herrera.

PMID- 695800
TI  - [The benign juvenile melanoma at the Dermatology Department of Essen University
      1967-1977].

PMID- 695801
TI  - [Discoid lupus erythematosus or lichen planus?].
AB  - A patient with atypical skin symptoms is described. The clinical symptoms as well
      as the histological ones showed the signs of both LE, and LP. The administration
      of antimalarial drugs had a good effect. The results of laboratorical
      examinations were such as in LP.

PMID- 695802
TI  - [RIST or PRIST?].
AB  - In 240 patients the radioimmunosorbent (RIST) and paper-radioimmunosorbent
      (PRIST) tests were used parallel for determination of serum IgE levels. Whilst
      the values achieved with PRIST generally were somewhat lower than those with
      RIST, a very good correlation was found between these two methods. Taking its
      procedural simplicity into account, PRIST thus appears better suited for routine
      diagnostic purposes than RIST.

PMID- 695803
TI  - [Action of the calciumantagonistic compound gallopamile on sinus node,
      atrioventricular and intraventricular conduction (author's transl)].
AB  - The influence of the calciumantagonistic agent Gallopamile (D 600) on cardiac
      conduction and sinus node function was studied by using His bundle recordings and
      atrial stimulation in 13 patients with normal sinus rhythm. Intravenous
      administration of a single dose of 4 mg produced a significant increase in the
      atrioventricular conduction time by 30 %. On atrial stimulation second degree a-v
      block occurred at lower stimulation rates in all patients after Gallopamile. The
      impulse propagation in atrial tissue and within the His-Purkinje system was not
      affected, even in patients with diseased conduction system. There was an
      impairment in sinus node automaticity, the sinus node recovery time was increased
      by 58 % of the control value.

PMID- 695804
TI  - [Electrophysiological effects of disopyramide on the specialized cardiac
      conduction system in man (author's transl)].

PMID- 695805
TI  - [Echocardiographic normal data for premature and normal newborn infants (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Sufficient echocardiographic analysis of premature infants has not yet been
      presented. Therefore echocardiograms of 105 babies without cardiovascular disease
      weighing 0.6--4.0 kg were analyzed. Normal data for right ventricular dimension,
      diastolic left ventricular inner dimension, left atrium, aorta, septums left
      ventricular posterior wall, cardiac depth, amplitude and closing velocity of the
      anterior mitral leaflet have been established. All measurements are a linear
      function of bodyweight with a very good correlation.

PMID- 695806
TI  - [Echocardiographic diagnosis of thrombotic deposits in acute endocarditis
      (author's transl)].
AB  - This report describes the echocardiographic features seen in 6 patients with
      valvular vegetations as documented by autopsy or surgery. 4 mitral, 3 aortic and
      1 tricuspid valves were investigated using M-mode echoscan(n = 8). Characteristic
      findings observed were non-uniform thickening of the typical valve pattern in
      sytole and diastole without restriction of valve motion. In 7 cases the exact
      echocardiographic localization of valvular vegetation was confirmed in situ,
      whereas localization of vegetation in tricuspid valve disease was uncomplete.

PMID- 695807
TI  - [New method of estimating x-ray magnification on angiographic volume
      determinations (author's transl)].
AB  - 1. The necessity of a precise determination of the magnification factor for
      angiographic volume determinations is described. Each error of the linear
      magnification factor influences in its third power the volume calculation. 2. For
      the magnification of linear cineangiographic magnification a method is used in
      which the tip of the catheter is filmed in two positions. The distance
      approximately resembles a normal ventricular diameter. The relationship of
      virtuel shifting of the catheter tip versus real shifting of the patient is the
      magnification factor. 3. For the practicable handling of this method a new
      developed mechanical device is described which allows the performance of the
      calibration procedure with an adequate high precision. 4. The method is simple
      and can be done within a short period of time.

PMID- 695808
TI  - [Pressure curves in the coronary arteries (author's transl)].
AB  - During catheterization of the coronary vessels two different pressure curves can
      be registrated. One curve looks like the aortic pressure while the other is
      similar the ventricular curve. The diastolic pressure of these curves lies below
      the aortic diastolic pressure but is higher than the diastolic ventricular
      pressure. The appearence of the different pressure curves is independent from the
      morphology of the coronary arteries. The different form of the pressure curves
      depends on the dynamic of the blood flow in the coronary system which is
      discussed.

PMID- 695810
TI  - [Trends and tendencies of pathological and clinical biochemistry. 2. Status of
      this specialty within the system of medical care--service or integration into the
      diagnostic process?].

PMID- 695809
TI  - [Effect of prostaglandin E1 on the hemodynamics in newborn infants with pulmonary
      atresia (author's transl)].
AB  - The effect of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) on the haemodynamics during cardiac
      catheterisation was studied in 6 newborn infants with pulmonary atresia and
      ductus-dependent pulmonary perfusion. In 4 patients with initial arterial O2
      saturations between 24% and 45% pulmonary blood flow increased from a mean value
      of 1.0 to 4.5 1/min/m2, 15--20 minutes after the infusion of PGE1 was started. At
      the same time the systemic blood flow decreased markedly, the systemic blood
      pressure varied only slightly, and a marked increase in systemic vascular
      resistance was calculated. In one further patient with a relatively high initial
      arterial O2 saturation the pulmonary blood flow increased only minimally, whereas
      in the remainder patient with low initial arterial oxygen saturation there was no
      change after PGE1 during the investigation.

PMID- 695812
TI  - [Organization of a screening test program for congenital metabolic disorders in
      newborn infants in Berlin--problems, results and experiences. 2. Screening tests
      for amino-acid metabolism].

PMID- 695811
TI  - [Apoenzymes of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in the
      serum of healthy subjects].

PMID- 695814
TI  - [Experiences in the use of x-ray ultrastructure devices for the analysis of a
      urinary calculi].

PMID- 695813
TI  - [A simple micromethod for the determination of lipids in feces].

PMID- 695815
TI  - [A measuring probe for glucose. 4. Measuring of diluted and undiluted full blood
      samples using a simple method].

PMID- 695816
TI  - [Significance of erythrocyte protoporphyrin as a laboratory diagnostic parameter
      in lead exposed subjects].

PMID- 695818
TI  - [Modification of a microdosage pump into a dilutor].

PMID- 695817
TI  - [A calculator for photometry].

PMID- 695819
TI  - Electron microscopy observations on Trypanosoma brucei: freeze-cleaving and thin
      sectioning study of the apical part of the flagellar pocket.
AB  - Observations on the apical part of the flagellar pocket of Trypanosoma brucei
      using the freeze-cleaving and thin-sectioning techniques of electron microscopy
      are reported. The flagellar pocket is shown as a flask-shaped depression in the
      body, continuous with the pellicle and flagellar sheath. The membranes of the
      apical part of the pocket on the flanged side of the body compress the flagellar
      sheath, forming part of a "neck region". This region is completed on the broad
      body side of the flagellar pocket when it embraces the flagellar sheath. The
      possible role of the neck region in the dynamic function of pinocytosis is
      discussed.

PMID- 695820
TI  - [Invasion of erythrocytes by toxoplasma gondii (author's transl)].
AB  - The in vitro-invasion of mouse erythrocytes by Toxoplasma gondii could be
      detected and analysed by electron microscopy. The sequence of events observed
      during erythrocyte invasion led to the assumption of an actively penetrating
      parasite into the non-phagocytic host cell.

PMID- 695821
TI  - Serial passages of larval Echinococcus granulosus from equine origin in mice. I.
      Infection with protoscolices.
AB  - Starting with protoscolices from Echinococcus granulosus cysts of equine origin
      it was possible to isolate and maintain several "strains" of the parasite in mice
      through successive transfers of protoscolices. The most advanced strain is now in
      its 7th generation. Several criteria to evaluate the results are presented and
      discussed. It is concluded that serial echinococcosis of E. granulosus through
      passages with protoscolices is a practical method to maintain different strains
      for fundamental and applied comparative studies.

PMID- 695822
TI  - An automatic method for recording the emergence of cercariae of Schistosoma
      mansoni from the snail Biomphalaria glabrata.
AB  - In order to study the pattern of emergence of trematode larvae from the snail
      hosts (S. mansoni from B. glabrata) an automatic apparatus was developed. This
      apparatus allows the snails, each suspended by a thread, to be transported at
      intervals of at least half an hour into different beakers into which the
      cercariae are shed. This "eclosion clock" is essentially a carriage driven on
      perlon wheels along steel bars.

PMID- 695823
TI  - Studies on the excystation of different species of Eimeria in vitro.

PMID- 695825
TI  - [Simuliids larvae microsporidans: ultrastructural data (author's transl)].
AB  - This work is the summary of our present knowledge about the ultrastructure of
      Simuliids larvae Microsporidans, including several new data concerning: 1.
      Pleistophora simulii (Lutz et Splendore, 1904): reticulated or net-like
      plasmodial envelope, formation of pansporoblastic structures looking like short
      pipes. 2. Stempellia simulii Maurand et Manier, 1968: plasmodial envelope as
      Pleistophora simulii, granular-textured polaroplast. 3. Thelohania fibrata
      (Strickland, 1913): ultrastructural study of the sporogonic sequence nerve done
      so far. 4. Thelohania bracteata (Stickland, 1913): its relations with Thelohania
      minuta, T. canningi, Amblyospora bracteata, Pegmatheca simulii. 5. Tuzetia
      debaisieuxi (Jirovec, 1943): formation of pseudopansporoblasts by the host-cell
      membrane.

PMID- 695824
TI  - Ultrastructural localization of basic proteins on the conoid, rhoptries and
      micronemes of Toxoplasma gondii.
AB  - The ethanolic phosphotungstic acid (E-PTA) technique was used to locate basis
      proteins in trophozoites of Toxoplasma gondii, obtained from the peritoneal
      exudate of infected mice. The reaction was observed mainly on the conoid,
      rhoptries, and micronemes of both extracellular and intracellular parasites. The
      strongest reaction was observed on rhoptries. Nuclei and ribosomes from parasites
      and host cells also reacted. The role of basic proteins on rhoptries and
      micronemes is discussed with a view on host-cell penetration by the parasite.

PMID- 695826
TI  - On factors possibly restricting the distribution of Schistosoma intercalatum
      Fisher, 1934.
AB  - Two hypotheses have been postulated explaining the limited distribution of
      Schistosoma intercalatum. The first hypothesis is correlated with physical
      factors and behaviour of cercariae. Histochemical and ultrastructural studies
      have shown that in response to increased temperature change the cercariae of S.
      intercalatum form aggregates, unlike other schistosome cercariae of man, which
      are non-infective to the definitive host. The aggregates are formed by the
      release of the adhesive post-acetabular gland secretion which causes the
      cercariae to stick together. It is suggested that if S. intercalatum spread from
      streams within tropical rain forest to pools and laybys of streams in the
      savannah, cercariae would be subjected to greater daily temperature changes thus
      triggering the release of post-acetabular gland secretion, thereby impairing
      invasion of the definitive host. The second hypothesis is based on the natural
      occurrence of hybridisation between S. intercalatum and Schistosoma haematobium.
      With some strains of these two species there are no genetical isolating
      mechanisms. It is suggested that if S. intercalatum extended into a savannah
      environment from tropical rain forest, hybridisation between S. intercalatum and
      S. haematobium would eventually occur. Experimental studies indicate that
      probably, as a result of introgressive hybridisation, a new strain of S.
      haematobium would eventually supersede the original S. intercalatum.

PMID- 695827
TI  - The enhancement of tetrathyridial proliferation of Mesocestoides corti in mice by
      B.C.G.
AB  - The effects of different doses of B.C.G. given at various periods before
      infection, on the development  of tetrathyridia of Mesocestoides corti was
      studied. B.C.G. administration was found to exert a complex influence upon M.
      corti infection in mice. Either enhancement or inhibition of parasite
      proliferation may occur, depending upon dosage level and the time interval
      between B.C.G. administration and parasite challenge.

PMID- 695828
TI  - Ultrastructural changes in the body wall of Schistosoma mansoni during the
      transformation of the miracidium into the mother sporocyst in the snail host
      Biomphalaria pfeifferi.
AB  - The ultrastructure of the body wall of the free miracidium of Schistosoma mansoni
      and the changes occurring within 48 h after penetration into the intermediate
      host Biomphalaria pfeifferi are described. Within 2 h after penetration the
      ciliated plates are shed into the haemolymph of the snail and phagocytized by
      amoebocytes. At the same time the narrow ridges between the plates of the free
      miracidium expand to form the continuous outer layer of the sporocyst. Within 48
      h the entire tegumental structure, consisting of a thin outer layer, connected
      with sunken nucleated areas, develops to its full extent. The observations are
      compared with those on Fasciola hepatica.

PMID- 695829
TI  - [The vulnerability of peripheral nerves and the somatic toxin linkage in tick
      paralysis of chickens, caused by Argas (Persicargas) walkerae (author's transl)].
AB  - Investigations on the impulse propagation and the pattern of amplitudes of
      toxically by Argas (Persicargas) walkerae larvae impaired peripheral nerves were
      carried out under oxygen saturated and anoxic conditions. It was demonstrated,
      that the maximum nerve conduction velocities of the isolated N. ischiadicus were
      slightly lowered in the first carbogenic and anoxic phase, in comparison with
      normal nerves. After the second incubation the conduction velocities were,
      however, almost the same or even higher. The survival times of the nerves after
      anoxic exposure, which were determined by the temporal persistence of the
      potentials, revealed that this neurophysiological parameter always resulted in a
      higher value for the damaged nerves after every two anoxic phases. The diseased
      nerves therefore tolerate anoxia longer and better than do healthy nerves in
      respect to their excitability and in their function of impulse propagation. From
      these in vitro investigations it is concluded that the noxious substance
      responsible for the paralysis is not cell-bound, but circulates humorally. The
      toxin possesses membranophilic properties, but its somatic linkage is very
      labile.

PMID- 695831
TI  - [Problems in general practice].

PMID- 695830
TI  - Differences in susceptibility to infection with Fasciola hepatica between mouse
      strains.

PMID- 695832
TI  - [The house call. Anamnesis and collection of findings].

PMID- 695834
TI  - [Rural practice and house calls. Problems and hazards].

PMID- 695833
TI  - [The unnecessary house call].

PMID- 695835
TI  - [Emergency urine behaviour in the paraplegic following release from hospital].

PMID- 695836
TI  - [II. Mushroom poisoning].

PMID- 695837
TI  - [Pain relief through valoron in burns in the infant age].

PMID- 695839
TI  - [The future of individual medicine. Deliberations on the theory of general
      medicine].

PMID- 695838
TI  - [Effect of bencyclane on human arteries changed through sclerosis].

PMID- 695840
TI  - [The house call].

PMID- 695841
TI  - [Parent counseling in practice. Human relations and the learning process].

PMID- 695842
TI  - [Laboratory diagnosis in the practice of general medicine].

PMID- 695843
TI  - [The hazards of cellular therapy].

PMID- 695844
TI  - [Corporate practice].

PMID- 695845
TI  - [EDP in general practice. 1st experiences with a new EDP system for the storage
      medical record data].

PMID- 695846
TI  - [Pregnancy gymnastics in a rural area].

PMID- 695847
TI  - [Headache. Diagnostic and therapeutic orientation points in the psychiatric
      neurological practice].

PMID- 695849
TI  - [Are we European fools?].

PMID- 695848
TI  - [Functional enuresis nocturna. Symptomatic therapy of functional enuresis
      nocturna using Clomipramine (Anafranil)].

PMID- 695850
TI  - [The future of individual medicine Deliberations over the theory of general
      medicine].

PMID- 695851
TI  - [Research in medical practice--simple and exciting].

PMID- 695852
TI  - [Deliberations over documentation in general practice].

PMID- 695853
TI  - [Drug damage to the kidney and efferent urinary pathways].

PMID- 695854
TI  - [Caution at the telephone!].

PMID- 695855
TI  - [Management of dizziness in the aged].

PMID- 695856
TI  - [External antibiotic therapy using Tyrosur].

PMID- 695857
TI  - [Diagnosis of endogenous depression].

PMID- 695858
TI  - [The masked depression, a diagnostic problem in daily practice].

PMID- 695859
TI  - [The necessary, the useful, the superfluous. Symposium April 14 and 15, 1978].

PMID- 695860
TI  - [Dissertations from general practice (8). Prehospital diagnosis].

PMID- 695861
TI  - [Preventive and rehabilitative balneotherapy].

PMID- 695863
TI  - [Chronic bronchial asthma. Course, complications, therapy].

PMID- 695862
TI  - [Rehabilitation in pensioner insurance].

PMID- 695864
TI  - [Laxariston in gynecological ambulatory care. Experience report using the
      preparation Laxariston].

PMID- 695865
TI  - [Hypotonic orthostatic regulation disorders. Comparison of dihydroergotamine
      preparations with varying release of effective substances in the management of
      hypotonic orthostatic regulation disorders].

PMID- 695866
TI  - [Mucoid aortic degeneration. Pathologic-anatomical studies on 62 cadavers].

PMID- 695867
TI  - [Vascular motility disorders during auto-transfusion in vivo and in vitro due to
      citrate].

PMID- 695868
TI  - [Possibilities and limits in the differentiation of leg artery occlusions by
      means of Doppler ultrasound technics].

PMID- 695869
TI  - [Value of impedance plethysmography in angiologic diagnosis].

PMID- 695870
TI  - Radioisotopic study on healing of ischemic ulcers.

PMID- 695871
TI  - [Course and prognosis of arteriosclerotic extracranial cerebrovascular disease].

PMID- 695872
TI  - [Pathology of thromboangiitis obliterans. Early lesions and course].

PMID- 695873
TI  - Buerger's disease of the great vessels.

PMID- 695875
TI  - [Clinical results of allogeneic vein transplantation].

PMID- 695874
TI  - A multi-clinical double blind study with PGE, (alpha-cyclodextrin clathrate) in
      patients with ischemic ulcer of the extremities.

PMID- 695876
TI  - [Aneurysm formation, tearing of the intima and thrombosis in an autologous venous
      graft of 4 years duration].

PMID- 695877
TI  - [Functional testing of the peripheral venous system by means of peripheral
      circulatory measurements].

PMID- 695878
TI  - [Evaluation of various therapeutic methods in primary varicose veins].

PMID- 695879
TI  - [Therapy of venous occlusions in thoracic outlet syndrome].

PMID- 695880
TI  - Hypereosinophilic multiple thrombosis.

PMID- 695881
TI  - [Congenital arteriovenous fistula with bone destruction of the right radius].

PMID- 695882
TI  - [Transaxillary extrapleural thoracal sympathectomy].

PMID- 695883
TI  - Sudden ischemic toe: "the blue toe syndrome".

PMID- 695884
TI  - [Effect of cesium compounds on the body].

PMID- 695885
TI  - [Main results of studies in the field of hygiene and work physiology at the power
      plants].

PMID- 695886
TI  - [State and perspectives of scientific research regarding prevention of
      pneumoconiosis in the mining industry of Siberia, Far East and Extreme North].

PMID- 695887
TI  - [Relationship between differentiation and integration in the studies on
      environmental hygiene].

PMID- 695888
TI  - [Hygienic problem of atmospheric ozone and ways of its solution].

PMID- 695889
TI  - [Hygienic significance of the ion-ozone complex under conditions of the living
      quarters and public buildings].

PMID- 695890
TI  - [Study of the effect of the weather-synoptic conditions and helio-geomagnetic
      activity on the course of hypertension].

PMID- 695891
TI  - [Effect of environmental factors on the degree of arterial pressure in children
      and adolescents].

PMID- 695892
TI  - [Acclimatization in the polar regions as a complex hygienic problem].

PMID- 695894
TI  - [Role of toxemia in the pathogenesis of disorders of liver function in burns].

PMID- 695893
TI  - [Protection of biopolymers by artificial and natural membranes in the treatment
      of hereditary diseases].

PMID- 695895
TI  - [Electron-microscopic examination of the skin in systemic lupus erythematosus].

PMID- 695896
TI  - [HL-A antigens in focal scleroderma and Pasini-Pierini syndrome].

PMID- 695897
TI  - [Characteristics of dermatoglyphics in patients with atopic dermatitis].

PMID- 695898
TI  - [Histological and histochemical examination of the upper eyelids of persons of
      different age].

PMID- 695899
TI  - [Mechanism of transmission of Microsporum canis, and the characteristics of
      clinical course and diagnosis of zooanthroponotic microsporosis].

PMID- 695900
TI  - [Biological nature of so-called pyogenic granulomas].

PMID- 695901
TI  - [New method of local treatment of non-gonococcal urethritis].

PMID- 695902
TI  - [Study of the optimal composition of cardiolipin antigen for serodiagnosis of
      syphilis].

PMID- 695903
TI  - [Characteristics of collagen metabolism in systemic lupus erythematosus].

PMID- 695904
TI  - [Kraurosis vulvae (problems of pathogenesis and therapy)].

PMID- 695905
TI  - [Arndt-Gottron scleromyxedema].

PMID- 695906
TI  - [Treatment of steroid-induced osteoporosis with thyrocalcitonin in chronic
      dermatoses].

PMID- 695907
TI  - [State of the vascular permeability of the skin in allergic vasculitis according
      to isotope study method data].

PMID- 695909
TI  - [Use of the replica method for determining dermatophyte sensitivity and
      resistance to griseofulvin].

PMID- 695908
TI  - [State of the skin of the hands in ultrasonic defectoscopy operators].

PMID- 695910
TI  - [Criteria for the cure of syphilis].

PMID- 695911
TI  - [Expediency of using the hyperbaric oxygenation method on patients with
      persistent dermatoses].

PMID- 695912
TI  - [Lichen ruber planus in children].

PMID- 695913
TI  - [Basalioma in a 9-year-old girl].

PMID- 695914
TI  - [Change in the electrical parameters of the skin of the fingers under the
      influence of a synthetic glue of the type of NTB].

PMID- 695915
TI  - [Case of contact dermatitis caused by Sosnovskii's cow parsnip].

PMID- 695916
TI  - [Case of Buschke's scleredema successfully treated with unithiol].

PMID- 695917
TI  - [Diuretic agents in the treatment of dermatoses].

PMID- 695918
TI  - [Glycogen distribution in intact and regenerating dog and piglet epidermis under
      different experimental conditions].

PMID- 695919
TI  - [Differential x-ray diagnosis of Bazin's erythema induratum and erythema
      nodosum].

PMID- 695920
TI  - [Epidemiology of dermatomycoses in the Latvian SSR].

PMID- 695921
TI  - [Therapeutic effectiveness of inductothermy in treating prostatitis].

PMID- 695922
TI  - [Method of treating patients suffering simultaneously from the early stage of
      syphilis and gonorrhea].

PMID- 695924
TI  - [Case of an early syphilitic lesion of the stomach].

PMID- 695923
TI  - [Serum immunoglobulins in gonorrhea].

PMID- 695925
TI  - [Clinical evaluation of immunoglobulins in dermatoses].

PMID- 695926
TI  - [Mast cells study in skin diseases].

PMID- 695927
TI  - [Skin itching occurring as a type of tactile hallucinosis].

PMID- 695928
TI  - [Game approach to processing physiologic data with the study of human emotional
      responses as an example].
AB  - The paper presents a mathematical method of experimental data processing, using
      the study of human emotional reaction as an example. The method allows to process
      data of different signs containing a great uncertainty. Different signs of data
      observed in the studies of the dependence of degree of human emotional stress on
      need and uncertainty in goal reaching, emerge in the course of the experiment and
      classification of the emotional reactions by their intensity. Numerical models
      for two subjects are created on the base of the minimax Kolmogorov criterion, and
      the obtained results are discussed.

PMID- 695929
TI  - [Generalized transformation of subjective time assessment].
AB  - The subjects were given false information on the results of their estimation of
      time intervals in one of the experimental situations (they assessed time
      intervals filled up with different kinds of mental activity or free of them, as
      well as reproduced from memory 1-sec. interval). The observed changes in the
      accuracy of time estimation were typical of all situations, i.e. they were of
      generalized and coordinated character and pertained throughout 5 days. It is
      suggested that different specific forms of time perception typical of certain
      conditions form a unified system.

PMID- 695930
TI  - [Conditioned reflex autoregulation of human respiration during tachystoscopic
      presentation of cues].
AB  - The changes in external respiration were studied in humans during visual
      perception of test signals, as well as the changes in relations between the
      moment of signal presentation and the phase of respiratory cycle in the process
      of complication of experimental tasks and training. The method of temporal
      stereotype of test signals sequence permitted to reveal the process of self
      regulation of cerebral functional state through the changes in respiration. This
      process is envisaged as a component of the entire structure of conditioned reflex
      to time. Its principal meaning is to prepare the functional level of the central
      nervous system providing for the stability of the given level of perception and
      processing of information in time.

PMID- 695931
TI  - [Conditioned reflexes to time and effective stimuli after extirpation of the
      parietal region of the cortex in dogs].
AB  - Experiments on unrestrained dogs performed by the alimentary method showed that
      extirpation of the parietal cortex (field P) does not affect the previously
      elaborated and well stabilized conditioned reflexes to time, their reversal and
      temporal differentiation. The operated dogs retain their ability for relative
      perception of temporal intervals. Switching over of conditioned reflexes to time
      is disturbed. The conditioned reflexes to successive complex stimuli with
      simultaneous differentiation of their components are disturbed for a long time
      (up to seven months). Less disturbed are the conditioned reflexes to a
      simultaneous polysensory complex with parallel extinction of their components
      (within one month after the operation). An assumption has been made that the
      parietal zone of the cerebral cortex plays an important part in the mechanism
      providing for successive connections.

PMID- 695932
TI  - [Effect of hippocampal damage on the appearance of trace reactions in dogs during
      ontogenesis].
AB  - The formation of trace motor and secretory alimentary conditioned reflexes were
      studied in dogs after injury of dorsal part of hippocampus at different stages of
      ontogenesis, 38--42 days, 3, 5, and 13 months. All animals with lesioned dorsal
      hippocampus formed non-delayed motor and secretory reflexes. Trace motor reflexes
      were elaborated in four out of nine animals, and trace secretory ones--only in
      one animal. The experiment emphasized the importance of the degree of hippocampal
      injury for the maintenance of the studied functions. Morphological analysis
      revealed that degeneration of thalamic nuclei is identical in animals operated at
      different age. No signs of brain tissue regeneration were observed.

PMID- 695933
TI  - [Interrelationship between the auditory, parietal and sensomotor regions of the
      dog cerebral cortex during a defensive conditioned reflex].
AB  - Interrelations between projection (auditory), associative (parietal) and
      integrative-triggering (sensorimotor) cortical areas were studied in dogs by EP
      parameters and localization during formation of defensive conditioned reflex to
      clicks. These interrelations were studied in intact animals and after ablation of
      either T3 areas or PI2 area of the auditory cortex. It was found that in intact
      animals auditory cortical areas are constantly involved in brain integrations
      whereas parietal ones show periodical participation (EPs in the parietal cortical
      area accompany some pairings of signal stimulus with reinforcement). Integrative
      triggering cortical structures are involved in the systemic processes in the
      period of stabilisation of defensive reaction. After ablation of T3 area
      integrative-triggering cortical structures are turned on within a large exitation
      system from the beginning of the defensive reaction formation. After ablation of
      PI2 area parietal areas constantly participate in brain integrations. The nature
      of their participation in the forming of a given functional system is determined
      by the state of the auditory system or location of its injury.

PMID- 695934
TI  - [Behavior of cats after unilateral section of the brachii of the inferior
      colliculi].
AB  - In experiments on 13 cats a unilateral section of the brachii of inferior
      colliculi produced a stable interhemispheric asymmetry not only in the auditory
      system, but in other (vestibular, visual, somatic, olfactory) analysers as well,
      which led to a disturbance of adequate space perception. This was manifested in
      orienting reactions directed only to the side of brain lesion. Animals were no
      more able to distinguish between the right and left troughs either by spatial or
      by modal cues. A complete "disregard" by the animals of the trough contralateral
      to the side of lesion suggests a hemispheric lateralization of conditioned
      connections providing for an adequate direction of the animals' running.

PMID- 695935
TI  - [Role of intervals between "conditioned" and "unconditioned" stimuli during
      elaboration of a cellular analog of a temporary connection].
AB  - A cellular model of temporary connection was used to study the effect of
      intervals between stimulation of ventrobasal thalamic complex (conditioned
      stimulus) and local activating polarization (unconditioned stimulus) on plastic
      changes in the neuronal responses of sensorimotor cortex inalert rabbit. It was
      found that a prolongation of the interval between paired stimuli from 0 to 150
      msec. produced a decrease from 60 to 28 per cent in the number of neurones in
      which after pairings the responses to the conditioned stimulus underwent
      significant plastic rearrangments. Inspite of the general trend each cell has its
      own optimal interval between combined stimuli where changes are most pronounced.
      The fact that rearrangments in cellular responses occur in a time interval
      corresponding to reinforcement in pairings supports the idea about a selective
      increase in the efficiency of those excitatory synapses that were activated
      simultaneously with the cell discharge.

PMID- 695936
TI  - [Plastic transformation of the activity of cortical neurons upon pairing a signal
      stimulus with microiontophoresis or electrocutaneous stimulation].
AB  - Substantial differences have been found in the plastic reorganizations of
      neuronal activity of the rat sensorimotor cortex at local and systemic
      reinforcements. In nineteen (95%) out of 20 neurones stable and one-type changes
      of response to CS (electrical stimulation of the cortex) developed in the course
      of pairings with local ionophoretic application of L-glutamate in the vicinity of
      the studied neurone. Twenty two units were studied during the pairings of
      electrical stimulation of the cortex with pain electrocutaneous stimulation:
      plastic reorganizations in response to CS were revealed only in eight (36.4%)
      units; they were, however, of long duration and were more diverse in pattern,
      than in the series with local reinforcement. It is assumed that different plastic
      reorganizations in these two model situations of learning depend on the number
      and reactive properties of the participating units.

PMID- 695937
TI  - [Effect of ethymisole on long-term memory].
AB  - Influence of ethymisol (bismethylamid of 1-ethylimidasol-4,5-dicarbonic acid) on
      learning and retention of habit was studied in experiments on rats by the method
      of active conditioned avoidance of electrical stimulation. At the same time
      optimal conformation form of the drug was determined by the method of proton
      magnetic resonance and by means of infrared spectra and theoretical conformation
      analysis. A single administration of ethymisol in the dose of 3 mg/kg reduced the
      deficit of the avoidance habit, when tested in 30 and 60 days following learning.
      A stable conformation of the ethymisol molecule with a planar arrangement of
      atoms of its heterocycle and amide groups was found in which the interaction of
      this substance with biological macromolecules was most active. The ethymisol
      effect on the long-term memory apparently results from a stable facilitation of
      synaptic transmission based on stabilization of spatial structure of biological
      macromolecules in the given conformation.

PMID- 695938
TI  - [Changes in the activation level in the EEG's of adolescents as a result of
      school work and its attendant hypokinesia].
AB  - The integral activity of main frequency ranges of the rest EEG was studied in two
      groups of schoolchildren at the end of the schoolyear. One half of each group
      consisted of boys, the other one of girls. The groups differed in the number of
      physical culture lessons per week (2 and 8). The boys of the two-lessons group
      manifested a higher integral oscillation activity over the whole EEG spectrum as
      compared with the boys of the eight-lessons group; this was considered as a drop
      of activation level. At the same time the girls of the two-lessons group revealed
      a higher integral activity within the theta range and a lower one within other
      ranges; this was estimated as an EEG manifestation of traces of tense alertness.
      Judging by the result of dispersion analysis, the influence of chronic
      hypokinesia on the recorded EEG components is much greater than that of the
      school activities.

PMID- 695939
TI  - [Evoked cortical potentials to simple and complex visual signals in children].
AB  - The analysis of steadily recorded components of evoked potentials (EP) in
      different areas of cerebral cortex during tachistoscopic presentation of a
      homogeneous square, checker-board pattern and schematic drawings of human faces
      (face-pattern) of 6 degrees size was performed in children aged from 6,5 to 7
      years. During contour detection, characterized by significant EP differences
      between responses to a checker-board pattern and a homogeneous square, the most
      pronounced changes were observed in the visual projection area of the cortex.
      Reaction to a complex visual stimulus, characterized by differences of EP to fase
      and checker-board patterns, had maximal manifestation in the temporo-parieto
      occipital area. The changes observed during both operations were noted for EP
      components appearing up to 250 msec following stimulation. It is suggested that
      they are connected with the activity of cortical receptive fields. The data
      obtained are discussed on the basis of hypothesis of a difference between
      cortical mechanisms of single operations involved in visual perception.

PMID- 695940
TI  - [Effect of a generator of pathologically intensified excitation in the orbital
      cortex on the sleep--wakefulness cycle].
AB  - In experiments on cats it was shown that the creation of generator of
      pathologically intensified excitation (GPiE) in the orbital cortex resulted in
      certain pathological changes of sleep. These changes were expressed in a
      shortening of the wakefulness period and prolongation of the sleep state, the
      relationship between slow-wave and paradoxical sleep phases remaining unchanged.
      The results of the investigations confirm the suggestion concerning the
      participation of the orbito-frontal cortex in sleep induction. The obtained data
      are analyzed with respect to the general concept about the role of determinant
      structures in the nervous system activity and the theory of generator mechanisms
      of neuropathological syndromes characterized by hyperactivity of the systems.

PMID- 695941
TI  - [Role of the frontal cortex in organizing emotional-behavioral reactions induced
      by hypothalamic stimulation and natural stimuli].
AB  - Study of the effects of a functional switching off the sensorimotor neocortex
      area in cats by means of cooling reveals its inhibitory influence on emotional
      behavioral reactions to hypothalamic stimulation. Multiple (up to 12) switchings
      off of the frontal neocortex are attended with a gradual compensation of its
      inhibitory function by the activity of other brain structures. On the other hand
      inactivation of the sensorimotor cortex reduces the ability of natural provoking
      stimuli to lower the thresholds of goal-directed rage which develops when these
      stimuli are combined with an electrical stimulation of the hypothalamus. A
      conclusion has been made on the participation of the frontal neocortex in the
      systemic organization of estimation of biologically significant stimuli.

PMID- 695942
TI  - [Amplitude-frequency analysis of the total electrical activity of the cat
      cerebral cortex in the presence of mean dynamic pressure in the circulatory bed].
AB  - In the experiments on cats dumpfing of arterial and venous systems was carried
      out in order to study the functional state of CNS with blood supply under
      constant hydrostatic (mean dynamic) pressure. It was found that pulse
      oscillations of pressure in arterial and venous blood introduce marked
      distortions in ECoG. Blood supply under non-pulsatile pressure doesn't cause any
      considerable changes in the functional state of the cerebral cortex.

PMID- 695943
TI  - [Microsystemic organization of neuronal interactions in the central units of the
      visual analyzer].
AB  - Neuronal interaction in superior colliculi (SC) and visual cortex (VC) was
      studied in acute experiments on immobilized unanaesthetized cats with
      simultaneous recording of unit activity in both structures. Polarization of
      cortical neurones produced activational changes in the level of impulse activity
      of SC neurones. In a considerable number of neurone pairs (38.4 per cent),
      fluctuations of the mean frequency and moments of spike discharge generation were
      in marked correlation suggesting their synphasic modulations. The data obtained
      are discussed from the point of view of microsystemic organization of central
      mechanisms of the higher nervous activity.

PMID- 695944
TI  - [Cytochemical characteristics of protein content in neurons from functionally
      different regions of the cerebral cortex in rabbits].
AB  - Interpherometric determination of proteins in neurones of the III, IV and V
      layers of the visual and parietal areas and of III and V layers of the motor area
      of the rabbit cerebral cortex has shown that functionally different neurones have
      their own morpho-chemical characteristics as well. Differences are revealed
      between neurones of individual layers within each of the studied areas, between
      neurones of individual layers of the projection (motor, visual) and the so-called
      associative (parietal) areas as well as between neurones within each layer. The
      latter is apparently determined, above all, by their belonging to mono- or
      polymodal neurones.

PMID- 695945
TI  - [Participation of the putamen in the performance of delayed reactions].

PMID- 695946
TI  - [Aimed leaps of cats with damaged caudate nuclei].

PMID- 695947
TI  - [Chemosensitivity of cortical neurons in unrestrained animals].

PMID- 695948
TI  - [Vectorographic assessment of the escape reaction in rats at different periods
      after destruction of various portions of the striatum].

PMID- 695949
TI  - [Methylation of the DNA of different brain structures during dissociated
      learning].

PMID- 695950
TI  - [Relationship between eye movement reaction time and interhemispheric alpha
      rhythm asymmetry in the human electroencephalogram].

PMID- 695951
TI  - [Change in visual evoked potentials following partial incision of the parietal
      region of the cortex].

PMID- 695952
TI  - [Nonspecific effects on the visual cortex: relationship between the possibility
      of effect reversal and functional state].

PMID- 695954
TI  - [Effect of the parameters of electrical stimuli on the endoneuronal plasticity of
      isolated grape snail neurons].

PMID- 695953
TI  - [Pain as a factor giving rise to the functional polysensory nature of neurons in
      the sensomotor zone of the rabbit cerebral cortex].

PMID- 695955
TI  - [Communication device for studying the zoosocial behavior of laboratory rodents].

PMID- 695956
TI  - [Device for separation of neuronal activity from noise].

PMID- 695957
TI  - [Experience with processing evoked potentials using computer "Nairi 2"].

PMID- 695958
TI  - [Regulatory role of bone marrow in immunogenesis].

PMID- 695959
TI  - [Nickel, cobalt, iron, manganese, zinc and chromium content of black tea and the
      distribution of these metals between prepared infusion and the extracted tea
      leaves (author's transl)].
AB  - Twentytwo samples of black tea were examined for nickel, cobalt, iron, manganese
      and chromium by atomic absorption spectro-photometry. The amounts of these metals
      in the tea beverage as well as the amount remaining in the tea leaf residue was
      determined in duplicate experiments. From these results the proportion of each
      metal extracted may be calculated, as well as its concentration in the tea
      beverage prepared under defined conditions.

PMID- 695960
TI  - [Mercury content of poultry meat (author's transl)].
AB  - The muscle and fatty tissue of 101 deep-frozen fattened stewing chickens was
      tested for Hg content. After wet digestion, the mercury content was determined by
      cold-flameless AAS (atomic absorption spectrometry). The average Hg content in
      muscle and/or fatty tissue was 0.004 and 0.001 ppm of fresh weight, respectively
      and thus was very low. The limit value of 0.08 ppm was exceeded in 2% of the
      samples analysed.

PMID- 695961
TI  - [On the metabolism of sulphur dioxide in apples (author's transl)].
AB  - Apples of the two varieties, Boskoop and Brettacher, were exposed to 35S labeled
      sulphur dioxide. After storage at several conditions the distribution of 35S
      activity among the three fractions, sulphite, sulphate and sulphonate was
      examined. The major portion of the radioactivity was found in the sulphate
      fraction. The activity decreased remarkably from the peel towards the core.
      Appreciable differences in distribution patterns were found between the two
      apples varieties.

PMID- 695962
TI  - [Determination of aroma substances in Spalter hops by gaschromatography-mass
      spectrometry (author's transl)].
AB  - The volatiles of Spalter hops were concentrated by destillation-extraction,
      separated by liquid solid chromatography and characterized by capillary gas
      chromatography-mass spectrometry. 125 constituents (terpenes, sesquiterpenes,
      esters, alcohols, acids) were identified and semiquantified.

PMID- 695963
TI  - [Analysis of flavonoid glycosides by high pressure liquid chromatography
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The development of a qualitative and quantitative method of determination for
      glycosides of flavones, flavonols and flavanones and their aglycones by means of
      high pressure liquid chromatography is described. Silicagel LiChrosorb Si 60 is
      used as stationary phase, as well as various eluents at different temperatures.
      The compounds are acetylated. An extract of plum leaves serves as example of
      application.

PMID- 695964
TI  - Aflatoxin at several initial concentrations is degraded by different amounts of
      mycelium of Aspergillus parasiticus.
AB  - Increasing amounts of a blendure of 9-day-old mycelia of Aspergillus parasiticus
      NRRL 2999 added to aflatoxin-salts reaction mixtures resulted in increased rates
      at which aflatoxin B1 and G1 were degraded. Similarly, increasing the amount(s)
      of aflatoxin B1 and/or G1 in the aflatoxin-salts reaction mixture resulted in
      increased rates of degradation of aflatoxins B1 and G1 by mycelia. This mycelial
      blendure degraded aflatoxin G1 approximately 1.6 times more rapidly than
      aflatoxin B1 when comparable amounts of the aflatoxins were initially present.
      When the same mycelial blendure was used to compared combined effects of size of
      inoculum and initial aflatoxin concentration on aflatoxin degradation, it
      appeared that increasing the amount of either inoculum or aflatoxin resulted in a
      comparable increase in degradation of aflatoxin B1 and G1. Hence, doubling the
      amount of inoculum or of aflatoxin resulted in approximately doubled rates at
      which aflatoxins B1 and G1 were degraded.

PMID- 695965
TI  - [A contribution to the analysis of Fusarium toxins (trichothecene toxins)
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The isolation of fusarium toxins (Trichothecene toxins) is described as well as
      methods using thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography for their
      determination. An improved biotest with larvae of Artemia salina is outlined.
      Some toxins could be identified together as as group by preparing a common
      derivative.

PMID- 695966
TI  - Phosphatidylcholine as the main phospholipid within essential oil residues from
      the orange fruit.
AB  - The essential oil obtained from oranges of different origin leaves a dark red oil
      after purification. The residue holds phospholipids. Phosphatidyl cholin has been
      identified as the main compound.

PMID- 695967
TI  - [Organization of occupational medicine in the Federal Republic of Germany].
AB  - The present organization and development of occupational medicine in the Federal
      Republic of Germany are presented. The main laws and regulations are summarized
      as well as their ways of enforcement. Then, the status of occupational medicine,
      the legal conditions to which it complies, the level of prevailing expertise and
      the education are discussed. Finally, the official introduction of this science
      to the University level, including the research and education needs, is studied.

PMID- 695968
TI  - Occupational safety and health: United States of America.
AB  - The major legislation in the United States to implement safety and health in the
      workplace is the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (Public Law 91-595).
      The United States has enacted a number of laws to reduce the number and severity
      of work-related injuries and illnesses which, despite efforts of employers and
      government, were resulting in ever-increasing human misery and economic loss. The
      Act calls not only for enforcement of standards but for programmes of research,
      education and training. The Secretary of the Department of Labour Uniformly
      applies occupational safety and health standards which have been developed with
      the assistance of the Secretary of the Department of Health, Education and
      Welfare. A strong programme has been developed in research and application of
      research to problems in the special areas of mining, construction, and
      agriculture, as well as for general industry and other employment.

PMID- 695969
TI  - Organization of occupational health and occupational hygiene in Finland.

PMID- 695970
TI  - [Swiss federal work inspection in the light of a century of workmen's
      protection].
AB  - A hundred years ago, on March 24, 1877, the first federal law on factory workers
      protection was passed in Switzerland. It was updated in 1914, and in 1964 it was
      replaced by the present legislation which protects not only factory workers but
      also most other employees, such as in trade and commerce. The Cantons are
      responsible for the execution of the law, whereas on the federal level, four
      federal inspectorates and a medical division exercise supervisory functions.
      Their task is to see to it that there is countrywide uniformity in following the
      law.

PMID- 695972
TI  - [Service of Occupational Medicine of the Federal Office for Industry and Labor].

PMID- 695971
TI  - [Remarks on hygiene and safety conditions in small and medium-sized firms].
AB  - The author reviews briefly the main ideas of the international program for
      improvement of working conditions presently recommended by the ILO. This program
      emphasizes a global approach to working conditions and environment. The swiss
      situation according to this program is briefly described and some suggestions are
      made to improve the lot of workers in small and medium-sized firms.

PMID- 695973
TI  - [What is the use of an occupational physician?].
AB  - In four occidental countries, an analysis of available statistics shows a
      decrease of industrial accidents, occupational diseases and tuberculosis during
      the last decades. However this decrease is correlated neither with the number of
      occupational physicians, nor with the spread of statutory annual medical
      examinations. Efficient prevention depends mainly on measures taken by the
      employers and employees themselves. If the medical examination in itself doesn't
      protect the worker, tasks of the occupational physician should be reassessed: a)
      to identify health hazards in industry by clinical and epidemiological surveys,
      b) to advise on safety at work, c) to control the effectiveness of the measures
      taken by medical examination and/or biological tests of workers exposed to well
      defined hazards. Occupational health could be developped in Switzerland, with
      limited cost, but sharing the tasks between the occupational physicians already
      working in the large industries and new occupational State-physicians in cantons
      or regions.

PMID- 695974
TI  - [Industrial medicine and industrial hygiene].

PMID- 695975
TI  - [Organization and tasks of occupational medicine in Switzerland].
AB  - Industrial health aims to harmonize man's relation to his work. In our country
      indusprial health is promulgated by the medical services of SUVA (Swiss Accident
      Insurance Institute) and BIGA (Federal Office for Industry and Labour) on one
      hand and by the lecturers of universities and at the ETH (Swiss Federal Institute
      of Technology) as well as by plant physicians on the other hand. Industrial
      health is a compulsory discipline with examination at medical faculties.

PMID- 695976
TI  - [Teaching of occupational medicine in Switzerland].
AB  - In this paper, the different training programs in the field of occupational
      health are described. It appears clearly that training programs differ widely
      from one university to another. A new step will be fulfilled with the development
      of a degree in occupational health for FMH specialists. It is mentioned that the
      lack of a valuable status for industrial physicians may adversely affect the
      evolution of training programs in Switzerland.

PMID- 695977
TI  - [Swiss Accident Insurance Establishment and its role in furthering occupational
      safety].

PMID- 695978
TI  - A review of the organization of occupational health and safety and occupational
      hygiene in Britain.
AB  - Britain's Health and Safety at Work Act introduced in 1974 marked a change in
      approach to occupational health and safety which is having important long-term
      effects on the organization of occupational health and safety in Britain. The
      purpose of this paper is to outline the broad principles of approach to health
      and safety at work contained within the 1974 Act; highlight the implications of
      the new Act for employers, managers, employees, and representative organizations,
      and discuss the developments in the organization of occupational health and
      safety as a result of the 1974 Act.

PMID- 695979
TI  - [Preventive medicine in Switzerland].

PMID- 695980
TI  - [Prevention: through direct, pertinent and practical action].

PMID- 695981
TI  - [Is preventive medicine a government task?].
AB  - Health care of the citizens (sanitary police) belongs to the classical tasks of
      the public authorities ( = state). Primary prevention is a joint task of the
      state and the individual, but it only can be fully effective if the state
      participates in the organization and coordination. The most significant examples
      are immunization and prophylaxis of road accidents while preventive medical
      examinations can be left to the individual's own responsibility. It is no primary
      task of the state to carry them out and pay for them. The state creates the
      necessary basis for effective prevention by means of training and further
      education of the health personnel, continued evaluation of preventive measures,
      setting up statistical instruments, coordination of nationwide activities, active
      cooperation in publicity campaigns for preventive measures (mass media) and
      promoting research. Simultaneously, the citizen's own responsibility should be
      activated by persuasive measures. As little use as possible should be made of
      compulsory measures.

PMID- 695982
TI  - [Task of a cantonal preventive health officer].
AB  - Considerations from a point of view of health-policy as well as from an
      epidemiological standpoint reach the conclusion that the main tasks of a medical
      officer in preventive medicine at cantonal (state) level are on the field of
      primary prevention, in particular health-education. In the new health-law of the
      canton of St.Gall, early detection of diseases will be delegated to physicians in
      private practice. At the cantonal level, a health officer will thus have the
      following tasks: 1. Planning of programmes in primary prevention, mainly in the
      field of health-education, for state or private authorities. 2. Counseling of
      state and local authorities in questions of preventive medicine. 3. Support,
      evaluation an coordination of already existing activities on the field of public
      health.

PMID- 695983
TI  - [Preventive medicine in private medical practice].
AB  - The basis of preventive medicine for the individual is composed of health
      education, certain examinations and preventive treatments. A coherent approach is
      essential for efficiency of a program and avoidance of costly and nonessential
      expenditures. In the Swiss health system, the doctor's office could become more
      and more the center of preventive medicine for the individual. It would concern a
      large part of the population (in the United States, 80% of the men and 90% of the
      women consult a doctor at least once a year); offering a direct contact with the
      doctor of choice, advice specific for each case and the possibility of regular
      examinations by the same doctors. In many situations both public and private
      sources are involved in preventive medicine (public health services, doctors
      involved in the educational system, doctors involved in controll of security of
      working conditions, out-patient clinics, various health organizations). A
      collaboration among these sources should be organized and a reasonable division
      of the work established. A list of examinations and preventive treatments is
      presented.

PMID- 695984
TI  - [Preschool screening examinations in medical practice].
AB  - In most European countries systematic screening programs for infants and
      preschool children are being introduced or are already established as a routine
      procedure. The contents and the possible effects of such programs are discussed
      critically in this paper, which also describes the present state in Switzerland
      as well as a pilot project initiated by the Bernese Pediatric Association.

PMID- 695985
TI  - [Radiography services: old and new tasks].
AB  - At the beginning of mass-radiophotography campaign the main interest was the
      fight against tuberculosis. Today the point of view has completely changed. The
      detection of all the diseases of the chest, the evaluation of risk groups and the
      combination with other screenings such as blood pressure measurement have largely
      improved the efficiency of the campaigns.

PMID- 695986
TI  - [Preventive dentistry programs in the schools].
AB  - Dental caries and gum disease may easily be prevented. Based on experiences
      extending over twenty years several preventive programs for school children can
      be offered and the one best suited for the local circumstances may be selected.
      Two types of dental auxiliaries have proved very useful to realize preventive
      programs on the level of communities and/or cantons, requiring costs of only 3 to
      7 Swiss fracs per year and child. Considering the excellent results already
      available it should not be very difficult to obtain cooperation even of those
      communities who have not yet introduced any preventive programs.

PMID- 695987
TI  - [Sex education in the schools. Inquires among the cantons].
AB  - During the last ten years most cantonal educational departments in Switzerland
      have tackled the problem of sexual education. With the exception of the canton of
      Schaffhausen all the cantons have decided not to introduce compulsory sexual
      education. In almost all the cantons the consent of the parents is necessary.
      They usually have the right to have their children excused from sexual education.
      Theoretically speaking, sexual education is not confined to a certain age, but
      actually it is only given in the middle and upper classes. All the cantons accept
      that the parents should give their own children sexual education; school has only
      a complementary function. Usually the form master is responsible for sexual
      education. A close intercantonal cooperation is not the case, because sexual
      education is too much dependent on local conditions.

PMID- 695988
TI  - [Extent of preventive medicine services of the canton of Basel-town].
AB  - The results of an analysis of all preventive services in the canton of Basel-Town
      for 1974 show, that there were 110,000 preventive examinations delivered (i.e.
      374 per 1000 adults). Practizing physicians provided 73%, cantonal services 23%
      and occupational health services 4% of those exams. For primary prevention, the
      relationship is inverse: the weight of cantonal services is in this domain. Costs
      for cantonal services amount to 1.4% of the cantonal outlays for health.

PMID- 695989
TI  - [Preventive programmes for school children. Organization, duties and activities
      of the School Health Service of the city of Basel].
AB  - From a historical point of view it was the federal tuberculosis law of 1928 which
      gave an impulse to the Swiss School health services. Almost simultaneously a
      psychological service for school children was established in Basle. Besides
      physicians and psychologists, the present staff comprises speech pathologists and
      scientific coworkers. The mandate issued by the canton's government is mostly
      geared toward prevention of somatic, psychological and social disorders in the
      individual child and in risk groups, in the sense of social pediatrics. Carrying
      out this mandate requires a unity of investigation methods and the decisions
      resulting from findings. The statistical evaluation of epidemiological data
      depends on efficient computer use. High priority is given to data protection.
      With reference to the basic possibilities and limitations of activities in
      preventive medicine, questions of goals, acceptability and acceptance, curability
      and cost-benefit are discussed. The competitive situation between therapy and
      prevention is critically considered. An interdisciplinary approach including all
      the helping professions is strongly suggested.

PMID- 695990
TI  - [Analysis of early detection among 7513 preschool children].
AB  - The development of cognitive and social abilities of preschool children in Basle
      is discussed. The importance of education and of detecting developments which do
      not confirm to standard is stressed in this context. A survey of preventive
      examinations, carried out during the last five years, in which 7513 kingergarten
      children were examined, is given. Only findings confirmed by specialists are
      stated. Furthermore the measures taken to help preschool children with
      neurological illness and hearing loss of sensory neural type are discussed. The
      preventive and the individually curative medical activities have proved sensible
      and complementary to each other.

PMID- 695991
TI  - [Preventive activities of the Geneva Youth Health Service].
AB  - Based on a centralized structure and a mission oriented toward prevention, the
      Geneva Youth Health Service carries out extended surveillance activities in the
      areas of somatic health and environmental hygiene. Its services are directed at
      the two- to twenty-year-olds, and in particular the children and adolescents in
      preschool institutions, in public schools and in the technical instructional
      institutions. Its activities complement those of other services of the Geneva
      Youth Office, in particular in the medical-educational and social-educational
      areas.

PMID- 695992
TI  - [Preventive tasks of the dietary assistant and nutritional advisor].
AB  - Where is the place of work of the dietary assistant? It is no longer restricted
      to the hospital, and it no longer concerns patient food only. This article
      demonstrates the wealth of tasks waiting to be tackled by the modern dietary
      assistant. Increasingly her principal aim becomes stimulation of a health
      nutrition in the general population which means a change of deeply seated eating
      habits.

PMID- 695993
TI  - [Preventive medicine and nursing tasks of a public health nurse].
AB  - Points of departure are the goal of preventive medicine and a definition of
      ambulatory health care. The fields of practice and tasks of a public health nurse
      are described. An instrument for the systematic assessment of patient problems is
      used to illustrate the attitudes and behavior needed on the part of the public
      health nurse. Neither the patient (or potential patient) nor the care giver can
      be considered as an isolated individual or can act alone. A total approach to
      patient problems requires that cooperation between patient and care givers be
      enhanced through conscious effort. The earlier the intra/inter/extra factors are
      known and the more sources of information are available, the more easily and
      efficiently can the tasks of primary health care be perceived (with regard to
      individuals or groups). Good health care is a mandate for all health
      professionals but care of one's health is a task of every person.

PMID- 695994
TI  - [Swiss Institute for the Prevention of Alcohol Problems].
AB  - The interest in preventive measures of self-destructing behaviours is increasing
      considerably. However, it seems hardly possible to apply the traditional public
      health model to the prevention of alcohol problems because this is influenced too
      much by clinical thinking. When trying to prevent alcohol-related disabilities,
      one has in fact to establish behaviourial standards. Preventive measures will
      yield success only if compulsive and persuasive strategies are combined. The
      Swiss institute for the prevention of alcohol problems tries to adapt its
      activities (research, media department, education department, alcohol policy) to
      the necessaries of a comprehensive concept of prevention.

PMID- 695996
TI  - [Effect of levamisole on in vitro collagen synthesis].
AB  - The effect of levamisole on collagen synthesis was studied. Tissue sections of
      skin of newborn rats were incubated with levamisole 10(-3) M up to 10(-5) M and
      15C proline during 2 hours at 37 degrees C. Formation of soluble and insoluble
      collagen was inhibited only by the 10(-3) M levamisole. No effect was found with
      lower levamisole concentrations. Likewise an incorporation of 14C proline into
      collagen and collagen free proteins is inhibited. These results suggest that
      levamisole has not only its well-known immunostimulating action but also anti
      proliferative effects.

PMID- 695995
TI  - [Anemia in chronic polyarthritis].
AB  - In 216 patients, the correlation of anemia and activity of rheumatoid arthritis
      was studied. In 27% a concomitant anemia was found. These findings are congruent
      with those of other authors. There is a significant correlation between activity
      of rheumatoid disease and evolution of anemia as well as changes of serum iron
      level. With reference to the literature possible pathogenetic mechanisms of this
      type of anemia are reviewed. Therapeutic possibilities are briefly discussed.

PMID- 695997
TI  - [The distribution of destructive polyarthritic changes in the hand skeleton].
AB  - The distribution of common and erosive changes in advanced polyarthrosis is
      radiologically demonstrated in the hands of 32 patients. 23 of them showed
      erosive destructions in at least one joint. In general the alterations were
      symmetrical. Most of the destructions were seen in the distal and proximal
      interphalangeal joints, especially in DIP II, III, V and PIP III. Usually the
      thumb was spared. Most emphasis has been put on the differential diagnosis to
      rheumatoid arthritis and arthritis in psoriasis and gout. A recent concept
      concerning mechanical factors in the pathogenesis of so called primary
      osteoarthritis in the small finger joints is discussed.

PMID- 695998
TI  - [Quantitative thermography of the knee joint].
AB  - Computer-assisted evaluation of thermography of the knee joints allows diagnosis
      and quantitation of inflammatory processes. This needs an adequate thermography
      camera, registration standards and a thermographic index. With the aid of this
      index normal knee joints and those with inflammatory changes can clearly be
      differentiated: an index of less than 3.5 is normal, values above 5.0 indicate an
      inflammation. The author proposes to correct the thermographic index with
      reference to actual rectal temperature in order to improve inter- and intra
      individual comparability of thermograms. Apart from the thermographic index, the
      formal analysis of the line-scan over the joint space and the maximal temperature
      of the joint can be used as further diagnostic criteria.

PMID- 695999
TI  - [Liver findings in Felty's syndrome. A review].
AB  - A reaction of the RES with its organs (lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow and
      Kupffer's cells) is not uncommon in rheumatoid arthritis. Although these
      manifestations are pronounced in Felty's syndrome, reviewing articles about
      Felty's do not mention liver manifestations. This paper summarises the
      publications about liver findings in Felty's syndrome. Hepatomegaly, abnormal
      bromsulfalein tests, raised alkaline phosphatase and transaminases have been
      stated in many case reports. Among 34 patients, the frequency of hepatomegaly was
      68%, of abnormal bromsulfalein tests 27%, of alkaline phosphatase 23% and of
      transaminases 18%, respectively (52). Alkaline phosphatase and transaminases were
      raised in almost all of 12 patients (3). The histological correspondence is an
      infiltration with lymphocytes of sinusoids and portal fields, a portal fibrosis
      and occasionally a cirrhosis. These histological abnormalities, as well as
      enlarged lymph nodes and splenomegaly, have to be considered as organic
      manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis. If the nodular regenerative hyperplasia
      of the liver, which has been reported also after use of contraceptives, is a
      manifestation of Felty's syndrome, remains unresolved.

PMID- 696000
TI  - [Influence of various energy supply levels on growth rate, food utilization and
      body composition of pigs. 1. Methods, energy expenditure for live weight gain,
      carcass characteristics].

PMID- 696001
TI  - Propionic acid production rate in the bovine rumen after feeding untreated and
      sodium hydroxide-treated straw.

PMID- 696002
TI  - [Reactions of heavy metal-loaded fish in an electric field].

PMID- 696003
TI  - The influence of dietary iodine and enviromental temperature on the activity of
      mitochondria in liver and kidney.
AB  - It was found that both effect of temperatures and diets influence metabolic
      changes in rabbits. In animals fed basal and PTU diets (propyl-thiouracil diets)
      at 34 degrees C for 4 weeks the metabolic response showed a marked reduction in
      feed intake and body weight, compared with animals fed at normal temperatures. In
      the animals fed the iodine diet, there was an increase in daily food consumption
      and weekly body weight gain at 34 degrees C. This indicates a rise in metabolic
      activity in this case. Studying the activity of kidney mitochondria of the three
      groups of animals using succinate as a substrate revealed that the P/O ratio
      tends to decrease in animals kept at 6 degrees C while the RCR value was not
      altered by changing conditions or produced by the different diets. At the
      temperature of 6 degrees C both the P/O ratios and the RCR values of liver
      mitochondria using succinate as a substrate decreased in the group of rabbits fed
      the basal and iodine diets, but were not significantly different in the group fed
      the PTU diet. In the experiment on kidney mitochondrial activity using alpha
      ketoglutarate as a substrate it was found that both the P/O ratios and the RCR
      values from animals fed basal and PTU diets at 6 degrees C decreased slightly as
      compared with animals fed at 20 degrees C and 34 degrees C. In liver
      mitochondria, using alpha-ketoglutarate as a substrate a significant decrease in
      the P/O ratio and the RCR value was found for both rabbits fed the basal and the
      iodine diets at 6 degrees C. In the group of rabbits fed the PTU diet, the P/O
      ratio also decreased but the fall was not significant. These results suggested
      that the activity of succinate dehydrogenase in liver mitochondria increases in
      animals fed basal and iodine diets at 6 degrees C. The enzyme dehydrogenase
      involved in oxidation of alpha-ketoglutarate which is localized in the outer
      membrane of mitochondria seems to be affected by different temperatures and diets
      as compared with succinate dehydrogenase localized in the matrix. The kidney
      mitochondria activity is less sensitive than that of liver mitochondria.
      Mitochondrial respiration and phosphorylation due to the tightness of their
      coupling may respond differently depending on the degree of thyroid activity.

PMID- 696004
TI  - [The rat nucleic acid metabolism during use of 14C labeled purine, pyrimidine
      bases and nucleic acids. 1. Catabolic pathways of nucleic acid derivatives].

PMID- 696005
TI  - [The rat nucleic acid metabolism during use of 14C-labeled purine, pyrimidine
      bases and nucleic acids. 2. Anabolic pathways of nucleic acid derivatives].

PMID- 696006
TI  - [Psychic disturbances in students].
AB  - 43 of 80 students, who came to the student psychiatry service in Basle, had
      mainly specific problems concerning their studies. Those are divided into three
      typical syndromes: 1st: a syndrome of examination-anxiety (in 52% of the
      patients), 2nd: a syndrome of ambivalency with current changes of faculties, with
      many cessations of study and with long-term study (in 30%), and 3rd: a syndrome
      of chronic learning disability (in 18%). A conflict of authority is found
      psychodynamically with examination-anxiety, because these students often had an
      authoritarian father, who never acknowledged them. An unsolved dependence on
      their parents (especially on their mother) is the main reason for a syndrome of
      ambivalency and of learning disability. Therefore, the step from the university
      to professional independency is impossible or the gradual, "modest" learning is
      prevented by the continuing infantile illusions of omnipotency. A provisional one
      year catamnesis shows a good prognosis for examination-anxieties. Long-term
      students and students with chronic learning disabilities need a longer therapy
      because of their deeper anal and narcissistic problems.

PMID- 696007
TI  - [Transsexualism and transvestism].
AB  - The author examines the genetic and the psychodynamic points of view of
      transexualism and transvestitism, on the basis of literature and of his clinical
      experience. While the genesis of the syndromes still remain obscure, in spite of
      new psychodynamic hypothesis, it is now possible to understand the inner world of
      the parents better than ever before. The author is able to show by means of his
      own cases that on the basis of the syndrome is a personality development which is
      centered in the struggle of self-identity and which does not correspond to our
      definitions of neurosis or of psychopathy but, rather can assume, at least in
      some patients, very realistic traits of solving an objective problem of sexual
      identity.

PMID- 696008
TI  - [The teaching of understanding as science].
AB  - The author mentions and cites two documents: the first being part of a scientific
      treatise on deafness, the second part of a medical report. These are the starting
      points from which the difference between explaining and understanding (Dilthey)
      is interpreted and illustrated, including points that go beyond the general use
      of these two terms.--Following the interpretation of the two processes,
      explaining and understanding, the danger is demonstrated which comes along by
      mixing up the two ways of coming along with problems, that is to say, using
      explanations for the domain of understanding and vice-versa. Understanding is not
      less a realm of science than explaining. On the other hand, the use of
      explanations in a situation where understanding is required, is as unscientific
      as is an understanding that oversteps its methodology.

PMID- 696009
TI  - [Arthrodesis of the carpometacarpal joint in posttraumatic arthrosis].

PMID- 696010
TI  - [Swimming classes offered as unscheduled physical therapy].

PMID- 696012
TI  - [Posttraumatic arthrosis after injuries of the knee and hip joint].

PMID- 696011
TI  - [The importance of the ramus infrapatellaris of the saphenous nerve in mesial
      arthrotomy of the knee joint].

PMID- 696013
TI  - [Endoscopic changes in the knee joint after meniscectomy].

PMID- 696015
TI  - [Modern possibilities of muscle training by means of Dynatronic].

PMID- 696014
TI  - [Pseudosciatica].

PMID- 696016
TI  - [Alcoholism in professional drivers].

PMID- 696017
TI  - [Use of orthopedic ortheses by the patient].

PMID- 696018
TI  - [Short-term dialyses using the Rhodial system].
AB  - In order to achieve an optimal rehabilitation of patients undergoing dialysis an
      abbreviation of the periods of dialysis with unchanged frequency of dialysis is
      necessary, when the patients are widely free of symptoms. Using conventional
      dialysators we only conditionedly succeed in shortening the time and this is not
      without any problems. The development of the acrylonitril-membrane (RP 6) and the
      use in the closed system (Rhodial-system) allows an extreme shortening of the
      time. It is reported on the use of the Rhodial-system since June 1975. The
      efficiency of the dialysator (RP 6) in the region of the middle molecules makes
      possible periods of dialysis of 3 times 3 hours a week in oligo-anuric patients.
      It is reported on the results of more than 3,000 dialyses in the behaviour of the
      micromolecular substances, of haemoglobin and haematocrit, blood pressure,
      polyneuropathy as well as of the subjective behaviour of the patient. These
      results led to abandoning dialyses with conventional membranes, as far as they
      transgress the time of dialysis of 9 hours a week.

PMID- 696019
TI  - [Prognosis of chronic glomerulonephritis. (Report on 298 cases)].

PMID- 696020
TI  - [Subvesical urinary track obstruction in children as the cause of chronic renal
      failure].
AB  - The infantile stenosis of the vesical cervix is a rare disease, etiology and
      pathogenesis of which are controversial. If it is not treated it leads to
      uraemia. On the basis of a clinical material consisting of 8 patients clinic and
      course of the disease are discussed. In the children with stenosis of the vesical
      cervix observed by us disturbances of the miction (bilateral mictions, thin
      urinary stream), relapsing abdominal pain, enuresis, minor growth and haematuria
      were in the first place. We got clearness on the diagnosis by judging the mode of
      miction, by means of miction cystourethrography and by urethrocystoscopy. Even in
      stenosis of the vesical cervix with advanced renal insufficiency also in
      childhood an operation should be performed.

PMID- 696021
TI  - [Effect of a calcium-deficient, phosphate- or ammonia-rich diet on the
      development and mineral metabolism of growing miniature pigs].
AB  - The metaphylaxis of renal calculi in form of partial withdrawal of Ca and the
      nutrition rich in phosphate or NH4C1 in children was disputed and not ascertained
      by animal experiments. For this purpose growing female dwarf pigs got a
      semisynthetic ration with 1 g Ca and 23 g P, respectively, or 15 g NH4C1 per kg
      dry feeding mass during 168 days. The dwarf pigs fed poor in Ca had a reduced
      increase of body-weight of 30%, the pigs fed rich in P and NH4C1 a reduced
      increase of body-weight of 11 and 16%, respectively, compared with the control
      dwarf pigs. The feeding regime chosen has no significant influence on the Ca-, P
      , Cu-, and Mn-state of the dwarf pigs (alpha greater than 0.05). Only the animals
      with deficiency of a Ca statistically ascertained stored more Zn in the liver
      than the control animals. The applied NH4C1 as well as the medicament Ammonchlor
      SSW contained traces of Cd. Concerning the lacking significant changes of
      metabolism on account of the retardation of growth conditioned by therapy it
      cannot be concluded that there is possible a metaphylaxis of the lithiasis in
      children by partial withdrawal of Ca or additions of P and NH4C1, respectively.

PMID- 696022
TI  - [Catheter embolization of malignant kidney tumors].
AB  - It is reported on the occlusion of the renal artery with Spongostan in 25 cases
      of malignant renal tumours. The embolisation takes place immediately after the
      angiographic diagnosis of the renal tumour, in which case on account of the
      simplicity of the method every radiologist working in the field of angiography is
      able to perform the occlusion of the renal artery. It is not difficult to get
      embolisation material and it is available in nearly every surgical department. In
      15 cases the later on performed extracapsular nephrectomy was, compared with the
      non-embolised kidneys, was facilitated by an edematous marginal zone and
      diminution and lacking filling of the tumour veins and on account of the smaller
      loss of blood led to a reduced operation stress of the patient. Apart from this
      on account of the missing blood supply of the kidney the ligature of the renal
      vein could be performed at an earlier moment of the operation and thus an
      intraoperatively haematogenic metastasation could be prevented. In 10 inoperable
      cases the embolisation was performed for the exclusion of haematuria and in order
      to stop and to decrease the further growth of the tumour. On account of the
      simplicity if the method, connected with the advantages resulting from this, the
      authors would like no more to miss this approach in future.

PMID- 696023
TI  - Replicator selection and the extended phenotype.

PMID- 696024
TI  - [Comments on the exchangeability of herring-gull chicks (Larus argentatus) after
      the 1st week of life].
AB  - In the Biville chalk cliff area the Herring gulls nest both in slope and ground
      colonies and on cliff ledges. Like the Kittiwake (CULLEN 1957), the cliff-nesting
      pairs still accept other chicks after the 1st week of life. Gulls in slope and
      ground colonies, however, attack those chicks older than 4 days in close
      proximity to their nests (TINBERGEN 1936).

PMID- 696025
TI  - On social organization and behaviour of the gerenuk Litocranius walleri (Brooke
      1878).
AB  - The social organization of the gerenuk in Tsavo East National Park, Kenya, is
      characterized by single adult male on territories encompassing their entire home
      ranges, small female-groups of variable composition, often associated with
      territorial male, and small groups of subadult male. There appear to be no non
      territorial adult male ("bachelors"). Subadult male wander about considerably,
      often alone, before they succeed in taking over a territory. Territorial male
      perform linked urination/defecation and mark dry twigs with the antorbital gland
      secretion. Agonistic and courtship behaviour resemble those of other gazelles.
      Mother-young relations conform to the "hider type" among bovids.

PMID- 696026
TI  - [Correlations between cholesterol, triglycerides, urea (BUN) and creatinine in
      the serum of aging rats].

PMID- 696027
TI  - [Development of the sebaceous glands of the ear in Russian rabbits].

PMID- 696028
TI  - [Role of medical demography in the social hygienic study of the health of the
      population].

PMID- 696029
TI  - [Problems in organizing medical care for cardiovascular disease patients at the
      prehospital stage].

PMID- 696030
TI  - [Work experience in improving the professional training of public health
      managers].

PMID- 696031
TI  - [Changes in the demand of the urban population for hospital therapeutic care in
      relation to the characteristics of the demographic situation].

PMID- 696032
TI  - [Clinical and statistical evaluation of severe pneumonia in young infants].

PMID- 696033
TI  - [Correlation of general and medical demography].

PMID- 696034
TI  - [Volume and quality of the therapeutic and consultative service to the rural
      population].

PMID- 696035
TI  - [Temporary work incapacity in injuries].

PMID- 696036
TI  - [Increased quality of professional training and an improvement in the ideological
      political and moral-ethical education of students].

PMID- 696037
TI  - [Light at the working site].

PMID- 696038
TI  - [Evaluation of work on data-display devices from the ophthalmological aspect].

PMID- 696039
TI  - [Working sites at screen devices].

PMID- 696040
TI  - [Measurement of CO2-production in incubationvessels using an infrared-CO2
      analyser in a gas circuit system (author's transl)].
AB  - A method of recording C-mineralization using an infrared-CO2-analyser is
      explained. The procedure is based on a closed circuit system containing the
      incubationvessels. In that circuit gas is streeming until CO2-concentration is
      constant. Using the observed concentration-value produced CO2 quantity can be
      determined.

PMID- 696041
TI  - Survival and efficiency of cowpea rhizobia on pelleted and non-pelleted peanut
      seeds, treated with fungicides.
AB  - Peanut seeds were either normally inoculated with the legume inoculant Okadin,
      containing cowpea rhizobia, or pelleted and treated with each of the fungicides
      Brassical, Thiram, Orthocide 75, Falisan, Vitavax 75, and Agrosan. The seeds were
      then incubated at room (+/- 25 degrees C) or refrigeration temperatures (+/- 5
      degrees C). Survival tests were made after 2 and 10 days. Treated seeds were also
      planted in pots containing Nile silt for testing the efficiency of rhizobia as
      affected by the fungicide and the pelleting treatments. Pelleting of peanut seeds
      enhanced the survival of rhizobia whether seeds were incubated at room or
      refrigeration temperature. Protection was more pronounced when seeds were kept at
      low temperature. This was true of the fungicides Brassical, Orthocide 75, Vitavax
      75, Thiram, and Agrosan. Falisan, however, did not help the rhizobia to survive.
      All the fungicides tested reduced the number of rhizobia to nil within 10 days
      when the seeds were normally inoculated and then treated and incubated at room
      temperature. The numbers of rhizobia were appreciably reduced when incubated at
      refrigeration temperature. Pelleting tended to prevent the harmful effect of the
      fungicides. This was clearly demonstrated with a tendency of an increase in the
      total nitrogen of the plants. On the contrary, normally inoculated and treated
      seeds grew into plants with reduced amounts of total nitrogen fixed.

PMID- 696042
TI  - Race identification of Pseudomonas solanacearum E. F. Smith in Egypt.
AB  - Twenty one isolates of Pseudomonas solanacearum E. F. Smith, which does not occur
      on hosts other than potato in Egypt, obtained from diseased potato tubers, were
      collected from different localities in Egypt and used in this study. These 21
      isolates were found pathogenic to potato plants, but they were not pathogenic to
      tobacco and banana plants. All the 21 isolates caused only a yellowish
      discoloration of the infiltrated area of tobacco leaves by 48 hrs after
      inoculation and produced low melanin pigments on a tyrosine agar medium. These
      results indicate that the obtained isolates belong to Race 3. Biochemical
      studies, performed on five representative isolates, indicated that they all
      belong to the biochemical biotype II. The results obtained in the present
      investigation appear to be the first record of P. solanacearum races in Egypt.

PMID- 696043
TI  - [A solid culture medium, inducing intensive production of conidia in moulds of
      the species Aspergillus niger (author's transl)].
AB  - Two citric acid-producing strains of the mould Aspergillus niger, cultivated on
      different sporulation media recommended and well-tried for Aspergilli, showed
      only poor formation of conidia the harvesting of which was difficult. Starting
      with a sporulation medium of MOYER et al. and substituting some of the
      constituents and determining their optimum concentrations, two semi-synthetic
      media were developed, containing glycerol and/or citric acid. On these
      sporulation media the two strains exhibited excellent growth and formation of a
      dense and regular carpet of conidia which could be easily harvested. Attention
      was payed to the significance of the cultivation temperature. The original
      biochemical properties of the two strains were not altered.

PMID- 696044
TI  - Isolation of Bacillus thuringiensis for microbiological control of insects.
AB  - Eleven of 180 local isolates, belonging to Bacillus thuringiensis, were tested
      for their pathogenicity to pinkbollworm larvae (Pectinophora gossypiella). Three
      strains, namely RS-25, RS-35, and RS-45, showed a positive insecticidal activity.
      Their activities based on the crystalline inclusion bodies. The LD50 (hours) for
      larvae was 8, 12, and 6 hours, respectively.

PMID- 696045
TI  - Tests in vitro and in pots with certain chemicals for inhibition of Pseudomonas
      solanacearum.
AB  - Twenty one isolates of Pseudomonas solanacearum E. F. Smith (Race 3) from various
      parts of Egypt were inhibited in vitro by Ampicillin, Chloramphenicol, Kanamycin,
      Oxytetracycline. Tetracycline, Penicillin G, Streptomycin, Nabam (Dithane A-40),
      Maneb (Dithane M-22), Zinc-ion maneb complex (Dithane M-45), and the insecticide
      Chlorthion. On the basis of in vitro-sensitivity to the selected 11 chemicals the
      21 isolates could not be separated into different groups. Carbendazin (Bavistin),
      Benomyl, Drazoxolon (Mil-Col), and Temik proved ineffective in inhibiting the in
      vitro growth of all isolates at all tested concentrations. Preliminary
      investigations indicate that drenching the soil with solutions of Dithane M-22
      (0.25% w/v, Dithane M-45 (0.25%) w/v, or insecticide Chlorthion (50 microgram/ml
      active ingredient) decreased the incidence of potato wilt disease that developed
      in soil, artificially infested with P. solanacearum.

PMID- 696046
TI  - Sensitivity to lytic agents and DNA base composition of several aerobic spore
      bearing bacilli.
AB  - The authors studied the possible relationship between a genetic characteristic,
      like DNA base composition, and certain phenotypic characteristics, i.e.,
      sensitivity to lytic agents, morphology of colonies, and biochemical reactions in
      34 strains of spore-bearing bacilli. From the results obtained two groups of
      bacilli have been identified. The first group includes the species B. subtilis,
      B. pumilus, B. licheniformis, and B. firmus and one strain of B. megaterium. The
      mean value of the GC% of the DNA is 44.22 +/- 1.76. All the strains examined are
      highly sensitive to lysozyme and resistant to sodium lauryl sulphate (S.L.S.);
      the surface colonies have a "rhizoid" appearance and the microcolonies on slide
      microculture are star-shaped. The second group includes the species B. cereus, B.
      cereus var. mycoides, B. anthracis, and B. thuringiensis. The mean value of the
      GC% of the DNA is 33.65 +/- 0.59. All the strains belonging to this group are
      resistant to both lysozyme and S.L.S., and the surface macro-colonies and the
      microcolonies have a "medusae head" appearance. The two groups also have certain
      different biochemical reactions; e.g., anaerobic growth and the egg yolk
      reaction, with few exception, are negative for the first group and positive for
      the second; furthermore, the strains in the first group (with rare exceptions)
      cause fermentation in the three carbohydrates, glucose, arabinose, and xylose,
      while glucose only is fermented by all strains with one exception in the second
      group. The position of B. megaterium is not yet clear, although one strain may
      certainly be included in the first group. Lysis by lipase is extremely variable
      and does not correlate with any of the other characteristics studied. The other
      species studied in relation to the characteristics, considered in our research
      (B. coagulans, B. macerans, B. polymyxa, B. laterosporus, B. alvei, B. circulans,
      B. stearothermophilus, and B. brevis), are not susceptible to grouping, either in
      the first, or in the second or even in a separate group.

PMID- 696047
TI  - Production of gentamicins by Micromonospora purpurea.
AB  - The natural medium contained the following ingredients (g/l): glucose 8.0, or
      black strap molasses (treated with 0.2--0.3 g/l EDTA) 12.0, fodder yeast (50.0%
      total nitrogen) 2.0, or folder yeast (40.0% total nitrogen) 6.0, or yeast extract
      8.0, or tryptone 8.0, and CaCO3 1.0. Treated black strap molasses with EDTA and
      fodder yeast proved to be effective in the fermentative production of
      gentamicins. The most suitable chelating agent was EDTA in the form of disodium
      for the treatment of Komombo molasses in a concentration of 0.2--0.3 g/l, while
      potassium ferrocyanide and methylene blue had depressing effects on the
      production of gentamicins. The most effective carbon source, present in Egyptian
      black strap molasses, was glucose. Addition of glucose to the medium was
      preferable at the beginning of the fermentation process. Trace elements present
      in molasses were very essential for the microbial growth and biosynthesis of
      gentamicins as proved when molasses ash was added to the natural medium. Organic
      nitrogen sources were more suitable than inorganic nitrogen sources for the
      production of gentamicins by Micromonospora purpurea. The microorganism utilized
      the synthetic medium, but the antibiotic yields were less than those produced in
      the natural medium. The synthetic medium exhibited stimulatory effects of certain
      amino acids, organic acids, vitamins, and purine and pyrimidine bases on the
      fermentative production of gentamicins. Therefore, the ingredients increasing
      yields of gentamicins were mainly phenylalanine, iso-leucine, lysine, methionine,
      leucine, arginine, glycine, beta-alanine, cystine, tryptophan, malic acid, maleic
      acid, cobalamin, folic acid, riboflavin, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, biotin,
      nicotinamide, uracil, adenine, guanine, and adenosine. Trace elements (Co, Mo,
      Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn) exhibited their important role on the biosynthesis and
      production of gentamicins by Micromonospora purpurea.

PMID- 696048
TI  - [Diagnostic prerequisites of hyperselective vagotomy (author's transl)].
AB  - On admission to hospital the radiologic diagnosis of ulcer in 640 patients (407
      duodenal ulcer, 233 gastric ulcer) was supplemented by means of
      gastroduodenoscopy in 207 cases; ERP was performed in few cases. In 51 patients
      with the initial radiologic diagnosis of duodenal and 28 gastric ulcer (12,3%)
      decisive alterations of the operative tactics based on the initial diagnosis were
      made. The differences in the findings neither discredit nor favor one or the
      other diagnostic procedure. The necessary collaboration between radiologists,
      endoscopists and surgeons is based, as usual, on technical perfection. When no
      such prerequisite is available the radiologic diagnosis should be optimized or
      supplemented through an endoscopic examination.

PMID- 696049
TI  - [Protheses of the penis; 130 cases (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors report their experience (13 years) with circa 130 operations and over
      300 exercises on corpse-penes. From 1966 till 1972 the authors used an unilateral
      device, with inconstant good results. 1972 to 1975: a bifurcated penile implant
      made from Teflon with better results, but without firm proximal footings; (76
      patients). 1975 to 1977: 73 cases = 26 with the new developped penile implant
      with one-way articulation and 11 with modified Small-Carrion penile implants.
      These modern protheses can create a true "phallus" = 130 to 150 mm long. The
      implants with one-way articulation guarantee solid posterior footings (very
      important for immissus in vaginam). The technique with the 3 approaches
      (perineal, praesymphyseal and distal) is described. The presence of a rigidified
      big penis was no problem for the patients, as long as it can be bent at its base,
      painless and efficient = potentia satisfaciendi. In doubtful situations the
      indication for operation should be settled by a team of specialists.

PMID- 696050
TI  - [Malignant tumours of the small intestine (author's transl)].
AB  - 31 cases of malignant small intestine tumours were treated surgically in a 14
      years period. There were no characteristic early signs of disease. The correct
      preoperative diagnosis was based on radiological examination only. Although
      radical surgical treatment could be performed in 14 patients only, 29% of the
      cases reached a survival time of 5 years.

PMID- 696051
TI  - [Unrecognized perforations of gastric und duodenal ulcers after surgery (author's
      transl)].
AB  - After operative procedures of greater extent stress ulceration in the stomach or
      duodenum can arise, sometimes perforating the wall. Unfortunately, such
      perforations are not diagnosed in time. In a postoperative breakdown of the
      circulation, which otherwise cannot be explained, stress ulceration and
      perforation should be taken into consideration.

PMID- 696052
TI  - [Vagotomy and exocrine pancreatic secretion (author's transl)].
AB  - In dogs supplied with chronic pancreatic fistulas, there is no change of the
      basal exocrine secretion of volume three weeks after a bilateral truncular
      vagotomy. The normal initial reflex secretion during meal ingestion or glucose
      loading are abolished. On the whole, the secretory activity is reduced by about
      50% after feeding. Secretions of volume and of enzyme protein are inhibited to
      the same extent, but that of bicarbonate is more strongly influenced. After
      vagotomy the inhibitory influence on all secretions of a rabidly produced
      hyperglycemia is reinforced. In pancreatic juice there is immunocreactive insulin
      activity (less than 1% fo the daily secreted amount). Insulin secreted in
      pancreatic juice after feeding is strongly reduced after vagotomy. This is the
      best reproducible proof of an influence on the exocrine pancreatic function of
      vagotomy.

PMID- 696053
TI  - [Secondary acute cholecystitis (author's transl)].
AB  - A case of acute postoperative cholecystitis following subtotal gastrectomy for
      carcinoma has been observed. The combination of temporary intraoperative shock
      and probably vagal denervation of the gallbladder initiated secondary acute
      cholecystitis. After an emergency type cholecystectomy the patient recovered.

PMID- 696054
TI  - [Cholecysto-gastric perforation of biliary calculus].

PMID- 696055
TI  - Immunogenicity of UV-inactivated measles virus.
AB  - By means of the antigen extinction limit test it was shown that a triple dose
      vaccination of guinea pigs with UV-inactivated measles virus gave better results,
      than a single dose vaccination which was proved by the very low immunogenicity
      index. For both vaccination schemes (single and triple) the immune response was
      only slightly influenced by a change of dose from 10(5) to 10(6) HadU50/ml or by
      the addition of aluminum adjuvant. In the antigen extinction limit test the
      antibody levels were determined by two methods (HIT and NT) the results of which
      were statistically equivalent. The UV-inactivated measles virus was also found to
      induce hemolysis-inhibiting antibodies.

PMID- 696056
TI  - [Examinations for smallpox allergy with the aid of a modified skin test (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 696057
TI  - [Comparison of growth of Staphylococcus aureus in a fibrin-clotting system and in
      clotted blood - a quantitative investigation (author's transl)].

PMID- 696058
TI  - [Epidemiological investigation of staphylococcal infections in stocks of SPF
      animall (author's transl)].
AB  - The occurrence and spread of staphylococcal infections in stocks of SPF-animals
      were studied over a period of more than three years. The results were compared
      with observations made by other authors. Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated
      from both sick and healthy animals (mice, rats, rabbits, guinea pigs) as well as
      from veterinary staff were lysotyped with the international phage set for
      epidemiological investigations. The majority of the lysotypes demonstrated in
      sick mice and rats belonged to lysogroup III (77% and 96% respectively). S.
      aureus strains with the phage patterns III 6/42E/47/53/54/75/83A/ +, III 54/83A
      and III 54/83A/85 were most common amongst these animals. The lysotype
      80/3c/47/53/54/75/84/85 + occurred in rabbits and guinea pigs only. S. aureus
      strains of lysogroup I and II, which are frequently involved in skin infections
      of man, were either found only very scarcely or not at all discovered in the
      animals tested. Among the veterinary personnel staphylococcal strains of the
      lysogroups I and III as well as non-classificable strains occurred at a similar
      rate of approximately 25% each. Several lysotypes (I 29, III
      42E/47/53/54/75/77/84/ + M 187) persisted in members of the staff over a stretch
      of two to three years without causing infection to the animals under their
      charge. On the other hand, lysotypes isolated from infection sites (abscesses) in
      the animals were mostly found also in swabs from the nasopharynx of healthy
      animals and the personnel. The implications of the importation and the spreading
      of Staphylococci in animal stocks by veterinary staff are pointed out. Factors
      promoting staphylococcal diseases in animals and measures to prevent S. aureus
      infection from SPF-animal stocks are discussed.

PMID- 696059
TI  - [The influence of non-metabolizable alpha- and beta-glycosides on the regulation
      of sorbose fermentation of salmonellae (author's transl)].
AB  - Fermentation of sorbose by late positive Salmonella wildtype cultures and by
      mutant strains splitting this sugar promptly is restrained by the beta-glucoside
      salicine and likewise by 1-o-methyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (MGP), but is not
      influenced by lactose or sucrose. In growing cultures salicine works more
      powerful on sorbose utilization than MGP while in dense suspensions of non
      multiplying bacteria the relations are reversed. Among the majority of wildtype
      strains this suppressive effect is diminished or abolished by dimethylsulfoxide
      (DMSO), but there are strains in which the glucoside effect is enhanced by DMSO.
      The sorbose fermentation lag in the presence of salicine or MGP is detectable,
      too, in dense suspensions of promptly splitting Salmonella mutant strains in
      media poorly supplied with nitrogen and must therefore be attributed to a non
      mutative event. From prior work (Stenzel, 1977c) we got some evidence that this
      event might depend on an inhibition of enzyme induction. Targets and mode of
      action of the alpha- and beta-glucoside largely seem to be identical, though
      possibly there might exist minor differences.

PMID- 696060
TI  - Antibiotic resistance factors and other plasmids in bacterial isolates from
      hospitalized patients.
AB  - Among 186 arbitrarily selected gram-negative as well as gram-positive bacterial
      strains isolated from hospitalized patients, 63% were found to harbour plasmids,
      42% of the strains with extrachromosomal DNA showed more than one plasmid DNA
      band in the agarose gel electrophoresis. The highest plasmid frequency was found
      in the enteric gram-negative microorganisms: 95% to 76% of the analyzed
      Enterobacter species, Klebsiella pneumoniae and E. coli isolates harboured
      plasmids. The plasmid frequency in the Staphylococci and group D Streptococci
      ranged between 36% and 75%. The examined Pneumococci strains were sensitive to
      all antibiotics and were found to be free of plasmids. In 45% of the enteric
      strains studied, the resistance markers were found to be transferable to a
      sensitive E. coli recipient by conjugation. Some of the resistance genes had not
      formed a stable complex with a plasmid and were lost during in vitro passage of
      their bacterial host. The loss of R-factors in vitro causes false diagnostic
      findings in regard to the in vivo antibiotic sensitivity of such strains. With
      purified plasmid DNA, individually isolated from E. coli strains, transformants
      were obtained carrying ampicillin resistance specifying plasmids of different
      molecular size. This result indicates that plasmids of different molecular size
      in a single bacterial cell can simultaneously carry ampicillin resistance genes.
      All findings indicated that the plasmids play an important role for the transfer
      and the maintenance of antibiotic resistance specifying genes in the bacterial
      isolates from clinical patients. However, most of the functions coded for by the
      numerous plasmids in the bacterial isolates remained unknown.

PMID- 696061
TI  - [The evaluation of the inhibition of the macrophage migration inhibition test
      with the polysaccharid antigen "C" of Taenia saginata in human taeniasis
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The statistical analysis of results of the leukocyte migration inhibition test
      with polysaccharide antigen C of T. saginata in 49 patients with taeniasis and 20
      healthy persons was performed. Examinations took place in two series: before
      medication (series I) and 7 days after treatment (series II). In the first
      series, a significant decrease in the migration index (0.42) was found in the
      patients' group as compared with that of the control group (0.92). In the second
      series, the migration index was subject to an increase (0.62) which, however, did
      not reach the value obtained in the control group. In both series, statistically
      significant differences in the indices of the test performed were observed
      between patients and the control group of healthy individuals. The results
      obtained in the present studies demonstrate that T. saginata invasion in human
      brings about the development of a cellular hypersensitivity reaction of delayed
      type which is revealed in the leukocyte migration inhibition test; the
      elimination of the parasite leads to an impairment of the effect of this reaction
      within a relatively short period.

PMID- 696062
TI  - [Fenbendazole therapy of experimental larval echinococcosis. I. The effect of
      fenbendazole on worm burden and protoscolex development of Echinococcus
      multilocularis (author's transl)].
AB  - Application of fenbendazole (methyl-5-(phenyl-thio)-benzimidazole-2-carbamate) in
      Echinococcus multilocularis infected mice showed a significant efficiency on the
      development of the cysts; the worm burden and the number of protoscolices were
      significantly reduced in the treated animals in comparison with the non-treated
      control mice. The degree of efficiency was subject to the way of application, the
      duration of medication, and the parasite strain: 1. On application of f. as
      medicated feed (500 ppm) worm burden and protoscolex number were reduced the most
      an average parasite weight of 105 mg and 2 protoscolices against 1942 mg and 99
      protoscolices. Treatment by oral application with emulsion of 2.5% (1
      ml/mouse/day, 5 x per week over a period of 2--5.5 months) the efficiency was
      less expressed (845 mg, 53 protoscolices). 2. By extending the treatment from 60
      to 102 and 165 days resp. the reduction of worm burden can be increased from 81
      to 95%. 3. From 2 parasite strains one which was recently isolated from a fox,
      reacted more on the treatment than the other one: 85 mg parasite weight against
      1218 mg in the nontreated controls. On the other strain continued since about 25
      years by intraperitoneal inoculation, the efficiency was more reduced: The worm
      burden was 866 against 2666 mg in the control mice.

PMID- 696063
TI  - A comparative study of Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates from clinical material
      and healthy carriers.
AB  - A total of 190 Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates from healthy carriers and
      clinical material were biotyped according to the Baird-Parker scheme, phage typed
      by a provisional set of 18 typing phages and tested for antimicrobial
      susceptibility. The majority of the strains from both groups were found to belong
      to biotype 1. A considerable number of strains were lysed at 100 x RTD by at
      least  one phage. The strains from healthy carriers were distributed in 24 phage
      types and about half of them were clustered among three major phage types. Nine
      of the 30 clinical isolates were of the phage type 130/456 and another nine
      strains were of eight different phage types. The strain 130/456 represented only
      three per cent of the phage types from healthy carriers. The clinical strains
      exhibitbd a multiple resistance pattern to 13 antibiotics. Statistically
      significant was the difference in the resistance to Penicillin, Streptomycin,
      Carbenicillin, Erythromycin, Lincomycin, Ampicillin and Kanamycin between the
      groups of strains from clinical material and healthy carriers. No correlation was
      observed between biotypes, phage types and antimicrobial susceptibility in both
      groups of the isolates.

PMID- 696064
TI  - Epidemiologic Surveillance for Staphylococcus epidermidis infections related to
      cardiopulmonary bypass.
AB  - Epidemiologic investigation of 20 Staphylococcus infections among valvular and
      aortocoronary bypass graft patients indicated a broad spectrum of clinical
      illness in these two groups. The highest infection rate (9.3%) and case specific
      mortality rate (54.5%) were noted among those patients undergoing cardiovalvular
      replacement surgery with protheses. The median onset of infection was 6 days
      suggesting infection during the intraoperative period. Using the epidemiologic
      data from this investigation, a transmission pattern was formulated and a series
      of control measures designed to interdict the routes of transmission were
      instituted wigh marked success. These measures significantly reduced the
      incidence of S. epidermidis infections among these high risk patients.

PMID- 696066
TI  - Serological investigations on the polylysogeny of micrococci.
AB  - Specific antisera against 11 micrococcal phages could be produced by immunization
      of rabbits. Using the neutralisation test all antisera were tested against their
      homologous and heterologous phages. The corresponding K-values were calculated.
      It could be demonstrated that phages coming from the same micrococcal donor
      strain can be of different genetical relationship. Therefore it was concluded
      that micrococci can be not only lysogenic but also polylysogenic.

PMID- 696065
TI  - Ivestigation of coagulase-negative staphylococci from infections in surgical
      patients.
AB  - All available isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococci from patients admitted
      to a unit for cardiac surgery during a 14-month period were examined. During this
      time 382 operations, in 220 of which a prosthetic valve was implanted, were
      performed. 65 patients suffered 76 episodes of postoperative infection. All
      coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated were classified by biochemical typing,
      bacteriophage typing and testing of anitbiotic susceptibility. The results of
      this investigation were reported and discussed especially from an epidemiological
      point of view.

PMID- 696067
TI  - Detection and preliminary characterization of extrachromosomal DNA in clinical
      isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis.
AB  - Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis frequently
      harboured extrachromosomal DNA. From the 20 Staphylococcus aureus strains
      examined 85% contained extrachromosomal DNA and 65% carried more than one plasmid
      DNA species. The results obtained with the 19 Staphylococcus epidermidis strains
      analyzed were similar, 84% of the strains had extrachromosomal DNA and 68%
      contained several DNA species. The agarose gel electrophoresis of the DNA
      obtained from cleared lysates of the staphylococci proved to be efficient for the
      detection of plasmids and the determination of their molecular weights. The gel
      method appeared therefore to be suitable for the establishment of the role of
      plasmids in the phage typability of staphylococci. Using a Staphylococcus
      epidermidis strain as an example it was shown by electron microscopy that the
      extrachromosomal DNA demonstrated by the agarose gel electrophoresis represented
      covalently closed circular plasmid DNA. This plasmid DNA could be sufficiently
      labeled with 3H-thymidine to undertake studies on the relationship and molecular
      characterization of staphylococcal plasmids.

PMID- 696068
TI  - Experiences with the typing of coagulase-negative staphylococci and micrococci.
AB  - Strains of coagulase-negative staphylococci and micrococci from many sources were
      biotyped and tested with a set of 20 phages, 19 of which were described by Dean
      et al. Strains resistant to many antibiotics were generally untypable with these
      phages. Nearly 50% of untypable strains could be typed by "reverse" typing--the
      characterisation of strains by the pattern of lysis given by their supernates on
      the propagating strains for the typing phages. This method was also used to
      clarify the relationship between isolates from an outbreak of septicaemia in a
      cardiac unit.

PMID- 696069
TI  - Atrio-ventricular shuntinfections and endocarditis due to Staphylococcus
      epidermidis.
AB  - Two groups of patients (with endocarditis and with atrioventricular shunt
      infections due to Staphylococcus epidermidis) are presented together with
      analysis of the causative agents by bio- and phage-typing. Additionally
      phagocytic function of polymorphonuclear leukocytes of selected patients was
      investigated but no decreased phagocytic function was found. A possible way of
      treatment is discussed.

PMID- 696070
TI  - Official evaluation of disinfectants in the Netherlands.

PMID- 696071
TI  - Bovine hematology. III. Comparative breed studies on the leukocyte parameters of
      several European cattle breeds as determined in the common reference laboratory.

PMID- 696072
TI  - The influence of age and husbandry of pigs on evaluation of the enzyme linked
      immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA) for T. spiralis infection.

PMID- 696073
TI  - The effect of dietary avoparcin on the antibiotic resistance patterns of enteric
      and pharyngeal bacteria isolated from broiler chickens.

PMID- 696074
TI  - [Attempts to develop an immunoprevention against transmissible gastroenteritis
      (TGE) in pigs. III. Passive immunotransfer following oral vaccination of pregnant
      sows with the attenuated TGE virus strain B1].

PMID- 696075
TI  - [Experimental transmission of spring viraemia of carp through carp lice (Angulus
      foliaceus)].

PMID- 696076
TI  - [Electron microscope differentiation of S and R variants of Brucella by treatment
      with polycationic ferritin].

PMID- 696077
TI  - The effect of zinc bacitracin on the susceptibility of selected gram negative and
      gram positive bacteria to therapeutic antibiotics.

PMID- 696078
TI  - [Cummulative occurrence of dermatophytosis in cattle due to Trichophyton equinum
      (Matruchet et Dassonville)].

PMID- 696079
TI  - "Pig-compost" as a source of Mycobacterium avium infection in swine.

PMID- 696080
TI  - Local resistance of chicken respiratory tract to viral infections.

PMID- 696081
TI  - [Adaptation ability of 2 rabies-virus strains, isolated in Central Europe, to i
      domesticated and 2 wild animal species. Contribution to the epidemiology of
      rabies. 1. Transmission studies on weasels].

PMID- 696082
TI  - [Epidemiology of rabies in wildlife. 2. Observations on the badger].

PMID- 696083
TI  - Neurotropic strains of bovine ephemeral fever virus.

PMID- 696085
TI  - [International code of bacterial nomenclature].

PMID- 696084
TI  - [Role of the quarantine groups in reduction of the incidence of acute intestinal
      infections in the preschool children's institutions].

PMID- 696086
TI  - [Serological typing of Vibrios, nonagglutinating with O-cholera serum, isolated
      in USSR].
AB  - The authors carried out serological typing of 2008 strains of NAG vibrios
      isolated in 1968--1975 in 18 territories of the Soviet Union from humans and from
      the objects of environment. Serological type was established in 40.5% of the
      srains isolated from humans and in 16% of the strains obtained from the
      environmental objects. Among persons with acute gastrointestinal diseases
      serotype 5 was the one which dominated, and among strains from the environment-
      serotype 8 Sakazaki. Serological type 15 was revealed for the first time in the
      USSR at the territory of Siberia and the Far East among the NAG-vibrio strains
      isolated from the environment.

PMID- 696088
TI  - [Organ specificity and cytotoxic properties af autoantibodies in brucellosis].
AB  - The presence of freely circulating autoantibodies was studied in patients with
      various clinical forms of brucellosis. Autoantibodies to the tissues of the
      liver, lymph nodes, spleen and the heart were revealed in the patients with
      acute, subacute, and chronic brucellosis. Investigations directed to ascertain
      the biological role of autoantibodies in brucellosis pointed to the organ
      specificity. Results of determination of the influence of the circulating
      antibodies on the intensity of tissue respiration and the processes of
      dehydration in the hepatic tissue showed antihepatic autoantibodies to produce a
      cytotoxic (aggressive) action. This confirmed a definite significance of
      autoimmune processes in the pathogenesis of brucellosis.

PMID- 696087
TI  - [Molecular parameters of sensitization of tannin-treated erythrocytes with
      Salmonella d-flagellin].
AB  - A study was made of the molecular parameters of sensitization of tannin-treated
      sheep red blood cells with salmonella d-flagellin, depending on the protein dose,
      exposure, and temperature of the medium; the role played in this process by
      physical and chemical mechanisms was ascertained, the latter proving to determine
      the hemosensitization level. Senstivity of the erythrocytic diagnostic agent to
      the agglutinating action of the specific serum was maximal with a stable binding
      by a single red blood cell of about 200 000 flagellin molecules, although the
      limit of stable binding constituted 340 000 molecules per one red blood cell. On
      condition of saturation limit of the erythrocyte flagellin should block not over
      half of the cell surface. The temperature elevation during the diagnostic agent
      preparation is advantageous in technological respect, since it leads to reduction
      of flagellin expenditure and increases the sensitivity of the passive
      hemagglutination tests.

PMID- 696089
TI  - [Changes in the peripheral blood lymphocytes after immunization and its effect on
      the course of experimental inflammatory process in the lungs].
AB  - It was shown that in the immunization of rabbits with sorbed staphylococcus
      toxoid and human albumin, at the height of the immune response there occurred an
      intensification of biosynthesis and destabilization of lysosomal membranes of
      blood leukocytes, with a simultaneous development of microcirculation
      disturbances in the lungs. Development of pneumonia against the background of
      immunization led to a greater destabilization of the lysosomic membranes of
      leukocytes and to the intensification in the lungs of infiltrative and
      destructive processes, in comparison with the course of inflammation in the
      nonimmunized animals. Peculiarities of the antigens used caused some specificity
      in the course of pneumonia. A relationship between the changes of blood
      leukocytes and disturbances in the lungs in immunization is supposed.

PMID- 696090
TI  - [Mechanism of staphylococcin formation].
AB  - The author studied the optic density and the viable cell count in 2 strains of
      bacteriocinogenic staphylococci and their variants in which the
      bacteriocinogenicity factor was eliminated. Latent phase was prolonged in strains
      devoid of bacteriocinogenic factor; it was practically absent in
      bacteriocinogenic cultures. Bacteriocin production began on the 60th minute and
      this was accompanied by the death of cells and their lysosomes. With further
      culture growth bacteriocin formed in jerks and this was accompanied by the death
      of cells and their lysosomes.

PMID- 696091
TI  - [Associative interaction between Mycoplasma pneumoniae, influenza virus and
      adenovirus in an organ culture of adult human lung].

PMID- 696092
TI  - [Effect of tissue antigens on the course of experimental brucellosis].

PMID- 696093
TI  - [Global program for eliminating smallpox. IV. Chief stages, organizational
      principles and assessment of the global program for smallpox elimination].

PMID- 696094
TI  - [Use of computers and mathematical methods in epidemiologic work. VI. Use of
      sequential analysis programs for the purpose of rapid assessment of the intensity
      of the course of an epidemic process].

PMID- 696095
TI  - [Role of lysosomes in immunodepression].
AB  - Degrading of heterologous protein--bovine serum albumin--under the action of
      lysosomes inhibited the immunodepressive preparations with chlorophos and 2,4
      dichlorphenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Immunodepressors (chlorophos, 2,4-D,
      cyclophosphane, phosphestrol, methotrexate, ftuoruracil) suppressed the activity
      of cathepsin, whereas dibasol--an immunostimulant--failed to alter its activity.
      The principal possibility of the selective immunodepression at the level of
      lysosome enzymes is substantiated.

PMID- 696096
TI  - [Immunogenic properties of cholerogen-toxoid and killed corpuscular vaccine in
      acute experiments on guinea pigs].
AB  - A comparative assessment of the immunogenicity of cholerogen toxoid and of killed
      corpuscular cholera vaccine was given. Guinea pigs immunized with cholerogen
      toxoid acquired a greater resistance to the intrapulmonary infection with
      virulent cholera vibrio culture (immunity index--2.1.10(4)) than those immunized
      with killed corpuscular vaccine (immunity index--3.5.10(2)). Immunogenicity of
      cholerogen toxoid could be increased in its combined administration with killed
      corpuscular vaccine.

PMID- 696097
TI  - [Interrelationship between delayed hypersensitivity and macrophage resistance to
      infection by influenza virus].
AB  - Interaction between the influenza virus and the sensitized cells, depending on
      the number of animal immunizations, was studied on a model of mouse peritoneal
      macrophages. The maximal suppression of the macrophage migration was observed in
      2 weeks in 21% of mice immunized once, and in 35% of mice immunized twice. Three
      hours after the infection of the macrophage culture with the influenza virus in a
      dose of 10 EID50 there were revealed in the cells obtained from mice immunized
      once 70%, and from mice immunized twice 8% of the infectious virus in comparison
      with the intact macrophages. There was a direct relationship between the delayed
      hypersensitivity determined in the macrophage inhibition migration test and the
      macrophage resistance to the infection with the influenza virus.

PMID- 696098
TI  - [Immunogenic and antigenic properties of continuously cultured typhoid bacteria].
AB  - It was shown that in continuous cultivation of typhoid bacilli, by changing the
      rate of dilution and the regimens of carbohydrate and oxygen supply it was
      possible to determine conditions under which the most highly immunogenic vaccines
      were obtained and the maximal synthesis of antigens was observed. The regimen
      optimal for obtaining the highly immunogenic typhoid vaccines (D = 0.4 h-1; So =
      5 g/l; pO2 = 50%) coincided with the regimen at which the maximal O-antigen
      synthesis was seen, and failed to coincide with the regimens necessary for the
      greatest synthesis of Vi- and H-antigens.

PMID- 696099
TI  - [Pathogenesis and treatment of torsion dystonia].
AB  - A study of the catecholamine excretion, their precursor DOPA and final
      metabolites--Homovaniline and vanilylphenylglycolic acid in torsion dystonia,
      detected certain changes which were different in patients with various clinical
      forms of the disease. On the basis of clinical and biochemical data 3 forms of
      torsion dystonia were distinguished: 1) with a prevalence in the clinical picture
      of muscle rigidity, leading to the development of pathological postures;  2)
      hyperkinetic forms and 3) mixed forms. In patients of the first group there was a
      decreased excretion of all catecholamines. On the basis of obtained data the
      conclusion is made that there is a drop in the intensity of the process of
      dophamine synthesis and an increase of its catabolism. In the hyperkinetic form,
      on the contrary, there is a tendency to an increase of dophamine synthesis. It is
      assumed that there is a drop in the intensity of the process of adrenaline
      synthesis and an increase of its catabolism. On the basis of biochemical
      heterogeneity of torsion dystonia the authors recommended different approaches in
      treating different forms of this disease. In a prevalent muscular rigidity the
      functions of the dophaminergic systems should be intensified: on the one hand, by
      administering precursors of dophamine L-DOPA, on the other--by inhibiting
      antagonistic activity with the aid of different cholinolytic preparations. In a
      hyperkinetic form a favorable effect is attained by preparations, inhibiting the
      dophaminergic activity (mainly preparations of the phenothiazine and butyrophenon
      series).

PMID- 696100
TI  - [Use of seduxen to arrest acute cochleovestibular syndromes in transient cerebral
      disorders].
AB  - The authors give a concise characteristics of different types of the
      cochleovestibular syndromes. On the basis of a study concerning the effect of
      injectable Seduxen in 54 patients with vascular brain disorders (transient
      disorders of cerebral circulation, ischemic strokes, chronic vertebro-basillar
      insufficiency) and 3 patients with cochleo-vestibular syndromes of a non-vascular
      genesis the conclusion is made of the effectiveness of this preparation for
      arresting acute vestibular disorders of vascular etiology. The preparation exerts
      a normalizing multidirected action on the different links of the CNS and the
      vegetative nervous system.

PMID- 696101
TI  - [The dehydrating effect of glycerin, mannitol and lasix in the most acute period
      of a stroke].

PMID- 696102
TI  - [Clinico-rheoencephalographic characteristics of the cerebral form of
      neurocirculatory dystonia].
AB  - The study is related to a clinical and REG study of 387 patients with cerebral
      forms of neurocirculatory dystonia, proceeding against the background of normal,
      increased and decreased arterial pressure. These studies were performed in order
      to clarify the question of the state of cerebral hemodynamics in this form of
      vascular pathology. The study detected some general regularities of the changes
      of cerebral hemodynamics (an increase of the cerebral vascular tone, difficulties
      of the venous outflow, signs of vascular dystonia in the form of unstable curves
      and intrahemispheric asymmetry) and some traits in different types of
      neurocirculatory dystonia as well as some traits of semiotics.

PMID- 696103
TI  - [Effect of droperidol on cerebral circulatory indices in cerebral
      hemodyscirculations].
AB  - The study deals with the influence of Droperidol introduced intravenously in
      doses 2.5 mg on the REG indices of cerebral hemodynamics in patients with
      disorders of cerebral circulation. The achieved data indicate its mild
      hypotensive effect, an increase of the module of elasticity of the walls in large
      brain vessels along with a distinct decrease in the cerebral vascular resistance,
      as well as an improvement of the venous outflow of blood due to the influence of
      droperidol. The effect of this preparation appeared to be more expressed in
      patients with hemmorrhages into the brain and its membranes. A drop in the
      amplitude of brain fluctuations along with a drop of the arterial pressure made
      it possible to adequately correct the prescription of droperidol to patients with
      disturbed brain circulation.

PMID- 696104
TI  - [Prognostic possibilities for polyrheography in patients with different variants
      of the clinical course of myocardial infarct during the acute period].
AB  - The paper pertains to a comparative study of the nervous system, cerebral and
      peripheral circulation in 83 patients with different clinical variants of
      myocardial infarctions during the first decade of the disease. There were no
      direct correlations between a decrease in the absolute figures of cerebral pulse
      repletion and the development of a cerebral stroke. However, the study
      demonstrated a distinct correlation between the development of cerebral stroke in
      patients with myocardial infarctions during the first decade and insufficiency of
      the compensatory intensity of blood repletion both in the cerebral and peripheral
      vascular basins.

PMID- 696105
TI  - [Carbon dioxide gas provoking and stopping an epileptic seizure].
AB  - The author discusses some mechanisms, conditioning the double role of carbon
      dioxide in the genesis of epileptical activity, first as a provocative factor,
      when carbon dioxide is a background against which the epileptical seizure appears
      and then as arresting the sequalae during the administration of CO2 during a
      seizure. It was demonstrated that the different action of CO2 was due to
      different phases in the changed functional state of the brain. The study was
      accomplished on 80 rabbits of the chenchille breed. The evalution of phases in
      changes of the functional state of the brain was performed with the aid of the
      encephalographic method.

PMID- 696106
TI  - [Discrepancies between clinical and anatomic diagnoses in the diagnosis of brain
      tumors].
AB  - The presented paper contains some results pertaining to 32 cases of divergent
      diagnosis in brain tumors according to the data of the prosectorium of the
      Leningrad N1 psychoneurological nursing home of a hospital type from 1955--1977.
      The most frequent clinical diagnosis were "atherosclerosis" and "hypertensive
      disease". Most of the nondetected brain tumors were arachnoendotheliomas. The
      authors analyze the causes of such discrepant diagnosis and retrospectively
      consider some problems of treatment.

PMID- 696107
TI  - [Two symptoms of elective paresis of individual hand muscles].
AB  - The author describes 2 symptoms of elective lesions of the hand muscles: one of
      the central genesis, the other--peripheral, vegetative. The first symptom is
      characterized by a weakening of volar and dorsal interossal muscles of the hand
      in an increased electrical activity, which is beyond the weakened muscles. It is
      due to a lesion of filogenetically new cortico-spinal path, adjacent to the
      pyramidal and participating in the innervation of the muscles of the distal parts
      of extremities. The second symptom is "the symptom of the fifth finger", which is
      characterized by a selective weakening and decreased electrogenesis of the
      muscles in the fifth finger--abductor, adductor and the flexor brevis. Due to
      this it is likely caused by the activation of beta2-adrenoreceptors in the
      neuromuscular synapse, evoked by the irritation of cervical sympathical nodes and
      seen in degenerative changes of the cervical intravertebral discs, isolated
      cervical sympathalgia and toxico-infectious vegetative-vascular processes,
      especially hypothalamic.

PMID- 696108
TI  - [Use of focused ultrasound in studying the tactile sensitivity of neurologic
      patients].
AB  - Tactile thresholds were measured with the focused ultrasound in 21 healthy
      subjects and 30 patients with various neurological diseases. All patients in
      spite of the level and origin of the disorder in the tactile--conducting pathways
      exhibited increased thresholds which were the most evident with 0.1--1 msec
      stimulus duration. This method allows not only to confirm the disorder of the
      tactile sensation, but to characterize it quantitatively including "subclinical"
      degree as well.

PMID- 696109
TI  - [Comparison between clinical and pathologoanatomic diagnoses according to the
      records of the Irkutsk Nervous Diseases Clinic for the past 20 years (1956-
      1975)].
AB  - The authors have studied post-mortem data of the Irkutsk Clinic of nervous
      diseases for the past 20 years (1956--1975). During this period a total of 19277
      primary patients were treated, 371 of whom died (the per cent of lethality-
      1,9%), a coincidence of diagnosis was in 83%, a discrepancy--in 12,6%. A
      discrepancy of diagnosis was being analyzed according to the 3 largest groups:
      tumours, disorders of circulation, malignant brain tumors and undiscerned
      complications of the main disease and accompanying disorders. The large sectional
      material of the clinic over the past 30 years (1946--1975) including 666
      postmortems (the material from 1946--1955 consisting of 342 sections was studied
      and published previously) gives ground to attempt to find out the causes of
      errors and to suggest some recommendations, related to the Instructions for
      Comparison of Clinical Pathoanatomical Diagnoses. The authors stress the
      exceptional importance of collaborative work both of clinicians and prosectors in
      order to improve the health organization and treatment of patients.

PMID- 696110
TI  - [Latent endogenous depressions. II. Clinical systematics].
AB  - On the basis of clinico-catamnestical study of 384 patients with cyclothymia (96
      cases), schizoaffective psychoses (104 cases) and shift-like schizophrenia (184
      cases) with the syndrome of larvate depression the author describes the
      autodevelopment of syndromes beginning from astheno-vegetative, cenestopathic up
      to delusional-hypochondriacal. Due to the obtained data and literature data the
      author bases the clinico-scientific continuity of the problem of larvate
      depressions with the most ancient problem of hypochondria. The independency of
      larvate depressions as a separate disease is being denied.

PMID- 696111
TI  - [Pathophysiologic mechanisms of depressive states of endogenous or exogenous
      origin].
AB  - A total of 117 patients with depression of a various genesis were studied. The
      patients with endogenous (circular) depression displayed a correlation between
      the EEG, vascular and vegetative tonus, catecholamine excretion (especially
      noradrenaline) and peculiarities of the clinical picture. In patients with
      somatogenic depression a correlation between the studied indices of a functional
      state of an organism is not present. Psychogenic depression is characterized by a
      domination of desynchronized activity of low volts in the EEG and the existence
      of expressed sympathicotony of the peripheral vegetative system, while
      statistically significant shifts of the vascular tonus and catecholamine
      excreation are absent.

PMID- 696112
TI  - [Serum enzyme activity in epileptic patients].
AB  - The authors studied the activity of blood transaminase in 50 epileptic patients
      during different clinical periods--interattack period, prior  to attacks and
      following different by severity paroxysms. It was found that there was increase
      in the transaminase activity due to the occurence of seizures. It is considered
      that at the basis of such changes are hemodynamical changes due to seizures and
      changes caused by long-term treatment with anti convulsive drugs.

PMID- 696113
TI  - [Role of the degree and character of identical parental loading as a factor in
      the clinical polymorphism of epilepsy].
AB  - A comparative clinico-constitutional analysis of 73 cases of epilepsy with an
      identical parental loading and 179 without it, demonstrated that the degree and
      character of a parental loading is one of the genotypical factors determining the
      fenotypical polymorphism of epilepsy. This circumstances causes the frequency of
      associations with dysgenesia, epileptoid traits, modifying the age of
      manifestation and progression of the disease. This should also be taken into
      consideration in prognosticating the severity of epilepsy during treatment and
      socio-labor adaptation in patients depending upon the degree and character of
      identical parental loading.

PMID- 696115
TI  - [Initial mental disorders in rheumatism].
AB  - The paper deals with 11 cases of mental disorders appearing during the initial
      phases of rheumatism. Their duration and psychopathological traits were related
      to the development acuity and expressiveness of the clinical picture of
      rheumatism. The author indicates special traits of mental disorders in latent
      rheumatism, the beginning of which are at times difficult to estimate. Factors
      promoting the appearance of relapses of mental disorders are being evaluated.

PMID- 696114
TI  - [Early diagnosis of the adverse effects of anti-epileptic preparations].

PMID- 696116
TI  - [Speech disorders in senile dementia].
AB  - A neurolinguistical analysis of speech by the articulation method of E. N.
      Vinarskaya in patients with senile dementia (4 cases) and its combination with
      cerebral atherosclerosis (4 cases) permitted to detect a primary "level" defect
      in the speech functional system. The study demonstrated a prevalent lesion of the
      lower, gnostico-praxis level in combination of 2 processes and prevalence of
      disorders of a higher, phenological (lingual)--in cases of "pure" senile
      dementia. A comparison of the clinical stage of the disease and the level of
      lesion in the speech functional system showed a possibility of an unusual (from
      lower to higher) destruction in patients with senile dementia with preservation
      of the "ordinary" regularity from the higher to lower) in memory and intellectual
      impairment. The detected characters of a primary speech defect in senile atrophy
      permitted to allocate speech disorders in such cases to genuine aphatical (focal)
      -the syndrome of superior-temporal area of the left hemisphere of the temporal
      acoustical aphasia according to A.R. Luria. It is demonstrated that in this
      defect there is an involvement and disturbance of the subcortical structures as
      an expression of a diffusion of the destructive process.

PMID- 696117
TI  - [Several functions of the visual analyzer in chronic alcoholic patients].
AB  - The authors examined 615 patients with chronic alcoholism. The study demonstrated
      an increased number of individuals with myopia, presbyopia, amblyopia, angiomas
      and angiosclerosis among them as compared to that of the general population. The
      frequency of optical nerve atrophies in the patients was not high (0.32%). In 205
      cases the function of colour sensory and darkness adaptation was determined. The
      highest frequency of colour sensory was in the group of patients with the
      withdrawal syndrome. Eventually this function had a tendency towards restitution.
      The velocity of darkness adaptation was drastically changed in patients with
      chronic alcoholism but it was also reversible.

PMID- 696118
TI  - [Long-term treatment of schizophrenic patients with leponex (clozapine)].
AB  - The authors studied a prolonged (3--5 years) use of leponex in 23 patients with
      the most progressive forms of schizophrenia (hebephrenic, paranoid and close to
      them attack-like). The study included the influence on the frequency and duration
      of relapses, on the dynamics of the so-called productive and negative disorders
      and social adaptation. The achieved data indicate that leponex possesses certain
      advantages compared to other neuroleptical drugs in prolonged maintenance
      therapy. Leponex has a rather "universal" psychopharmacological effect which
      includes a capability of arresting acute psychoses, exerts a psychoregulating
      influence on the general behaviour, contacts and socio-working adaptation,
      distinctly alleviates the clinical signs and frequency of relapses. Due to the
      absence of motor disturbances and minimum of other side-effects leponex is quite
      convenient for prolonged use and promotes a higher quality of remissions.

PMID- 696119
TI  - [Antipsychiatry: philosophical and social-ideologic aspects].

PMID- 696120
TI  - [Reaction of the pre-edematous brain to an increase in venous pressure].
AB  - Changes in the volume of the open brain were recorded in rabbit experiments
      ("chest-head" preparation) in a series of tests with controlled increase in
      general venous pressure by approximately 13 mm Hg. At the beginning of the
      experiments the changei in the volume of the open brain and general venous
      pressure occurred parallely to each other, but later, when the brain became
      preedematous, hysteresis was detected on the curves of their dependence.
      Hysteresis increased gradually during the experiment, indicating that impedement
      of blood drainage from the venous system of the brain and/or resorption of fluid
      from its tissue had begun to the development of stable edema. It is assumed that
      the predematous condition of the brain is caused by changes either in the
      mechanical properties of its tissue or in its osmolarity.

PMID- 696121
TI  - [Transcapillary water filtration in the presence of an increase in intravascular
      pressure as a factor in the development of brain edema].
AB  - The concentration of K+ and Na+ ions in the extracellular fluid of the parietal
      cortex of the brain was studied in experiments on rabbits ("chest-head"
      preparation) by means of selective electrodes during a controlled increase in
      general venous pressure by approximately 13 mm Hg. A decrease in the
      concentration of Na+ ions and mild changes in the concentration of K+ ions
      indicated that the extracellular fluid was diluted due to filtration of water
      from the blood vessels. In the normal brain this process was reversible, while in
      a pre-edematous condition the excess filtration of water led ultimately to the
      development of edema of the brain with the corresponding changes in the function
      of the plasma membranes and changes in the concentration of K+ and Na+ ions in
      the extracellular fluid.

PMID- 696122
TI  - [Role of intracerebral pressure and local cerebral blood flow in predicting the
      outcome in brain lesions].
AB  - Long-term, continuous quantitative study of intracerebral pressure and local
      cerebral blood flow in patients with lesions of the brain was undertaken for the
      purpose of using the data obtained for prognosticating the outcome in the
      postoperative period. Statistical analysis of the data showed that the most
      probable outcome of the disease (P less than 0.05) may be prognosticated from the
      relations between the intracerebral pressure and the local cerebral blood flow
      for each postoperative day (10 days). The authors obtained the values of
      intracranial pressure and local cerebral blood flow which are characteristic of
      an unfavourable outcome in lesions of the brain.

PMID- 696124
TI  - [Principles of classification for acute closed craniocerebral injuries].

PMID- 696123
TI  - [Effect of body position on cerebral circulation in neurosurgical patients].
AB  - The mechanisms of the regulation of blood drainage from the brain were defined
      more precisely in 87 neurosurgical patients on the basis of comprehensive
      examination of cerebral circulation. The vertebral venous plexus was found to
      play the most important role in this process. Under normal conditions, when the
      patient is lying blood drains along the internal jugular veins, when he is
      sitting it drains mainly along the vertebral venous plexus. In patients remaining
      in a horizontal position for a long period of time the regulation of venous
      drainage is impaired. In such cases blood drains along the internal jugular veins
      and the vertebral venous plexus both when the person is lying and when he is
      sitting. This may cause a deterioration in the condition of bed-ridden patients
      during and after an operation performed with the patient in a sitting position.

PMID- 696125
TI  - [Ultrastructure of cerebral cortical synapses in closed craniocerebral injuries].
AB  - The brain of 5 individuals with an open craniocerebral trauma was examined with
      an electron microscope. Changes in interneuron structures were found. Occasional
      synaptic vesicles grow in size and move away from the presynaptic membrane. The
      number of synaptic vesicles decreases and they gather in groups (agglutination).
      The presynaptic membrane thickens and the synaptic cleft is closed with an
      electron-dense substance. The mitochondria are damaged. Glycogen granules and
      lysosomes appear as signs of synapse degeneration.

PMID- 696126
TI  - [Differential diagnosis of brain tumors and chronic subdural hematomas according
      to echoencephalographic and electroencephalographic findings].
AB  - Examination of 15 patients with tumors of the brain in whom the presence of
      subdural hematomas could not be excluded and of 27 patients with chronic subdural
      hematomas revealed that displacement of the M-echo was 8 +/- 0.43 mm on the
      average in chronic subdural hematomas and 5.6 +/- 0.43 mm in tumors. EEG
      abnormalities were observed in 100% of cases with tumors and were mostly of a
      coarse character. In chronic subdural hematomas EEG abnormalities were relatively
      rare (18.5%) and were less manifested than those in tumors. The statistical
      significance of the differences evidently allows the sign of the dissociation of
      the EEG and Echo-EG data in chronic subdural hematomas to be used for the
      differentiation of the disease from tumors.

PMID- 696127
TI  - [Treatment of brain stem tumors].
AB  - The results of surgical and combined treatment of 155 patients with tumors
      spreading to various parts of the brain stem as well as the catamnestic data on
      50 of 75 patients dismissed from the clinic were studied. The difficulties of
      identifying a tumor of the stem are shown and methods of neurosurgical diagnosis
      necessary for determining the precise character of the process and localization
      of the tumor are discussed. It is stressed that tumors of the stem attended with
      the hypertensive-hydrocephalic syndrome must be treated surgically. The treatment
      should be aimed at partial removal of the tumor or evacuation of the cyst,
      decompression of the stem, and restoration of C.S.F. drainage by applying
      bilateral ventriculo-cisternal drainage. It is shown that radiotherapy applied in
      addition to surgical treatment improves the outcomes.

PMID- 696128
TI  - [State of the vertebral canal in vertebral and spinal cord injuries].
AB  - The results of the analysis of 128 patients who had died after trauma of the
      spine and spinal cord are discussed. Total disturbance of the anatomical
      intactness of the vertebral canal walls was demonstrated on all specimens. In 85%
      of patients there were fractures with or without displacement of the injured
      vertebra; 15% of patients had suffered injury only to the ligamentous-capsular
      apparatus, the disk included, with no displacement--dislocation of the vertebra.
      The shape of the vertebral canal was distorted only in cases with displacement of
      the vertebra. The area of the canal was reduced to almost half the size
      demonstrated on the radiograms.

PMID- 696129
TI  - [Comments on conservative and surgical treatment of Paget's osteitis deformans].

PMID- 696130
TI  - [Coxarthrosis in top athletes (author's transl)].

PMID- 696131
TI  - [X-ray diagnosis in the syndrome of congenital hip joint dislocation (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 696132
TI  - [Evaluation of posture in young people by a method of standardized posture
      patterns and results of their application in physical training (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 696133
TI  - [Arthroplasty of the forefoot according to Hoffmann (author's transl)].

PMID- 696134
TI  - [Arthrodesis of the wrist in progressive polyarthritis (author's transl)].

PMID- 696135
TI  - [The detection of an unusual osteosclerotic metastasis into the calcaneum in
      basocellular adenocarcinoma of the kidney of a child (author's transl)].

PMID- 696136
TI  - [Friction and lubrication in the joints (author's transl)].

PMID- 696137
TI  - [Surgical risk in myopathies (author's transl)].

PMID- 696138
TI  - [Long-term results following knee joint synovectomies particularly in rheumatic
      disorders (author's transl)].

PMID- 696139
TI  - [Coxa vara congenita (author's transl)].

PMID- 696140
TI  - [Surgical treatment of pes equinovarus at the Department of Orthopaedics, Medical
      Faculty, Bratislava (author's transl)].

PMID- 696141
TI  - [Various types of polytrauma (author's transl)].

PMID- 696142
TI  - [The influence of calcitonin and cortisone on experimental fractures (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 696143
TI  - [Intracranial haemorrhage accompanying frontobasal injuries (author's transl)].

PMID- 696144
TI  - [Problems connected with the treatment of irreducible lunatum luxations (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 696145
TI  - [Rehabilitation following surgery for fractures of the proximal femoral end
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 696146
TI  - [Anaesthesiologic problems connected with the surgical treatment of scoliosis
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 696147
TI  - [Application of a partial external support for paraplegics (author's transl)].

PMID- 696148
TI  - Estimation of femoral arterial blood flow from femoral venous oxygen saturation.
AB  - In six patients in whom a femoro-popliteal vein bypass graft was performed for
      intermittent claudication, the relationship between the haemodynamic state of the
      leg and the femoral venous oxygen saturation before and after local
      vasodilatation was investigated. The study was undertaken with special reference
      to the known influence of hypovolaemia on the leg blood flow. It is concluded
      that a femoral venous oxygen saturation below 70%indicates that the leg blood
      flow is less than 200 ml/min and that the bypass flow is less than 100 ml/min and
      thus within a range in which the incidence of early thrombosis is high.
      Furthermore, an increase in femoral venous oxygen saturation of 10% or more on
      local vasodilatation indicates a state of hypovolaemia, necessitating further
      blood substitution.

PMID- 696149
TI  - Polycythemia vera as a cause of ischemic digital necrosis.
AB  - Two patients with polycythemia vera and peripheral gangrene as the only clinical
      sign of the disease are described. No concomitant arterial insufficiency was
      present. The need for an early correct diagnosis in such cases is underlined.
      Reduction of the blood volume and cytostatic treatment are sufficient and no
      surgical intervention is required.

PMID- 696150
TI  - The iliac compression syndrome.
AB  - The iliac compression syndrome is caused by impaired venous drainage of the left
      leg, secondary to compression or stricture of the left iliac vein at, or just
      before, its junction with inferior vena cava. Serious potential complications are
      deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, venous congestion, and the resultant
      incapacity. Nine patients in whom the diagnosis was confirmed by iliac
      phlebography are described. Iliac pressure determinations were made in 7
      patients. Four patinets underwent resection, and retroplacement of the right
      iliac artery behind the left iliac vein. The operative results were good. This
      rare syndrome should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of
      peripheral venous disease, as it can be treated in the early stages. If it is
      left untreated, there is a risk of pulmonary embolism or incapacitating
      peripheral vascular disease.

PMID- 696151
TI  - Parietal cell vagotomy (II). Relation of gastritis and gastric mucosal atrophy to
      the completeness of denervation at the antral-fundic boundary.

PMID- 696152
TI  - Parietal cell vagotomy (III). The connection between the localization of the
      antral-fundic boundary and gastric secretion pre- and postoperatively.

PMID- 696153
TI  - Tuberculosis after intestinal bypass operations.
AB  - Two cases of tuberculous infections occurred after intestinal shunt operations
      for obesity among 161 patients observed for more than one year. One died of
      generalized tuberculosis. Another 2 patients, who before the operation had had
      tuberculosis, managed well without signs of postoperative activation of the
      tuberculous infection seems to be unpredictable.

PMID- 696154
TI  - Post-operative complication and early course of the surgical treatment of Crohn's
      disease.

PMID- 696155
TI  - The effect on total antimicrobial consumption and hospitalization time after
      prophylactic treatment with doxycycline in colorectal surgery.
AB  - The effect of routine antimicrobial prophylaxis on hospitalization and the total
      consumption of antimicrobials in colorectal surgery was evaluated in a
      prospective and controlled study, where the incidence of abdominal wound sepsis
      was significantly reduced from 41.6% in the control (n = 60) to 8.6% in the
      doxycycline group (n = 58). Concomitantly, the average number of postoperative
      hospital days decreased significantly from 23.4+/-17.9 to 16.4+/-8.2 (p less than
      0.01). This difference was more prominent in cases with postoperative abdominal
      sepsis, where the average number was 35.8 days in the control and 22.8 days in
      the doxycycline group. In the latter group only 19% of the patients required
      antimicrobial therapy during the postoperative course, compared with 65% of the
      patients in the control group. The period of exposure to antimicrobials amounted
      to 48.3% (451 days) of the postoperative hospital stay in the doxycycline vs.
      53.3% (747 days) in the control group. Thus, prophylaxis significantly reduced
      the rate of wound sepsis, the time of and the need for hospitalization, the total
      consumption of and the time of exposure to antimicrobials.

PMID- 696156
TI  - Bilateral iliacus haematoma with femoral nerve palsy complicating anticoagulant
      therapy.
AB  - A patient is reported who sustained bilaterial iliacus haematoma with femoral
      nerve palsy during treatment with constant intravenous infustion of heparin for
      deep venous thrombosis. She was promptly treated with operative decompression and
      recovered completely from the palsy. Daily examinations of the blood revealed
      that the plasma heparin concentration, activated partial thromboplastin time,
      APTT, and thrombin time all were above the therapeutic range at the time when the
      bleeding started, and before the initial symptoms occurred. Early operative
      decompression is considered to be the ideal treatment in patients who develop
      this complication during anticoagulant therapy.

PMID- 696157
TI  - Revascularization in mesenteric infarction by reimplantation of the superior
      mesenteric artery. Report of a case.
AB  - A case of revascularization in mesenteric infarction by reimplantation of the
      superior mesenteric artery combined with intestinal resection is presented. The
      patient had an acute occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery with coincident
      blockage of celiac axis and inferior mesenteric artery resulting in gangrene and
      perforation of the small bowel. The good postoperative recovery suggests the
      usefulness of this method in selected cases.

PMID- 696158
TI  - Liposarcoma of the breast. A case report.
AB  - Two cases are reported of liposarcoma of the breast, the first in a 62, and the
      second in a 60-year-old woman, respectively. The tumours were of the poorly
      differentiated, pleomorphic type and predominantly myxoid type, respectively.
      Liposarcoma of the breast is extremely rare, and including the present two cases,
      only 32 patients suffering from the condition have been described. It is
      difficult to make any prognosis owing to the small number of cases reported.
      Patient No. 1 in the present work, died 14 months postoperatively, owing to
      widespread metastatic tumour tissue infiltration of the spine, liver, as well as,
      the lungs; No. 2 lived for 17 years without signs of recurrence, until she died
      of carcinoma of the opposite breast.

PMID- 696160
TI  - Praesacral cysts.

PMID- 696159
TI  - Total pancreatectomy for acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis. A case report.
AB  - A patient with acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis treated successfully with total
      pancreatectomy is reported. Total pancreatectomy is rarely indicated in acute
      hemorrhagic pancreatitis as suggested by only one surviving patient in the
      literature so far. Though near total pancreatectomy remains the best surgical
      treatment in patients with acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis dying from the disease
      because of failure of nonoperative treatment, total pancreatectomy may be
      considered as an alternative if circumstances so indicate.

PMID- 696161
TI  - [Pulmonary and hepatic echinococcosis. Apropos of 2 cases].

PMID- 696162
TI  - [A case of acute renal insufficiency caused by icterohemorrhagic leptospirosis].

PMID- 696163
TI  - A circulating anticoagulant against factor V.

PMID- 696164
TI  - Co-existence of morbus Hodgkin and aplastic anaemia.

PMID- 696165
TI  - [A case of neurological leprosy. Review of current data].

PMID- 696166
TI  - Retarded biosynthesis of thyroglobulin subunits and their polymerization in vitro
      after suppression of TSH secretion in rats by chronic administration of excess
      thyroxine in the form of iodinated casein.

PMID- 696167
TI  - Calcitonin activity of the thyroid gland in primary hyperparathyroidism.
AB  - The thyroidal content of calcitonin was investigated in patients with euthyroid
      goitre, patients undergoing laryngectomies or neck operations and finally
      patients with primary hyperparathyroidism using method of biological titration.
      Patients with primary hyperparathyroidism had markedly decreased content of
      calcitonin in the thyroid gland when compared with the content of calcitonin of
      both groups of patients without calcium metabolism disturbance. Decreased content
      of calcitonin in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism can be explained by
      long lasting hypercalcaemia during which the rate of biosynthesis of calcitonin
      in the C cells does not keep up with the rate of release of calcitonin into the
      circulation.

PMID- 696168
TI  - Role of angiotensin III in the regulation of blood pressure, plasma aldosterone
      and plasma renin activity in rabbit.

PMID- 696169
TI  - Absence of inhibition by hyperprolactinaemia on ovarian response to exogenous
      gonadotrophin.

PMID- 696170
TI  - Oestrogen treatment and subsequent pregnancy in two patients with severe
      hypergonadotrophic ovarian failure.
AB  - This report describes in detail the histological and hormonal findings in a
      patient with Turner's syndrome (45,XO) and a patient with premature menopause
      (46,XX), who both conceived after withdrawal or reduction of substitution therapy
      with oestrogens. The aetiology of severe hypergonadotrophic ovarian failure is
      discussed, and theories regarding a possible relationship between the oestrogen
      treatment and subsequent pregnancy are hypothesized.

PMID- 696171
TI  - Studies on sexual differentiation of sheep. I. Foetal and maternal modifications
      and post-natal plasma LH and testosterone content following androgenisation early
      in gestation.

PMID- 696172
TI  - Humoral control of appetite: a urinary anorexigenic peptide. Chromatographic
      patterns of urinary peptides in anorexia nervosa.

PMID- 696173
TI  - Sex differences in catecholamine content in discrete brain nuclei of the rat:
      effects of neonatal castration or testosterone treatment.
AB  - Dopamine and norepinephrine levels were measured in individual brain nuclei in
      normal adult male and female rats and in adult male rats castrated on day 1 of
      life and in adult female rats given 1.25 mg testosterone propionate on day 4 of
      life. Normal adult males showed higher concentrations of dopamine than females in
      the caudate, tractus diagonalis and arcuate nuclei and in the median eminence.
      Day 1 castration of males reduced the dopamine levels of the arcuate nucleus and
      nucleus of the tractus diagonalis, while neonatal administration of testosterone
      to females elevated the dopamine concentration of the arcuate nucleus and nucleus
      of the tractus diagonalis. Normal adult males had higher concentrations of
      norepinephrine than females in the preoptic-suprachiasmatic, paraventricular,
      periventricular, and arcuate nuclei and in the median eminence. Neonatal
      endocrine manipulations (neonatal male castration and female testosterone
      treatment) failed to alter significantly these sex differences. The results
      suggest a sexual dimorphism in the catecholamine innervation of certain discrete
      areas of the brain and that the dopamine concentration in the arcuate and tractus
      diagonalis nuclei is influenced by perinatal androgen.

PMID- 696174
TI  - Effects of two substituted benzamides, tiapride and sultopride, on gonadotrophins
      and prolactin.

PMID- 696175
TI  - Dissociation of plasma and CSF prolactin heterogeneity.
AB  - Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens from 3 patients with suprasellar
      extension of a pituitary tumour were fractionated by column chromatography. "Big"
      and "little" prolactin were found in plasma but only "little" prolactin was found
      in CSF. Prolactin containing CSF from 2 of the patients was incubated with
      prolactin-free plasma and chromatographed. The elution patterns demonstrated a
      striking shift toward the [125I]albumin marker resembling the "big" and "little"
      prolactin pattern seen in native plasma. In addition, [125I]h prolactin was
      incubated with prolactin-free plasma and rechromatographed. A substantial early
      eluting peak of radioactivity occurred in the zone of albumin elution. The
      presence of only "little" prolactin in CSF and the conversion of CSF "little"
      prolactin to "big" prolactin by exposure to plasma suggest that "big" prolactin
      is not a prohormone but results from binding of "little" prolactin to plasma
      proteins or aggregation of "little" prolactin in the presence of plasma.

PMID- 696176
TI  - A heterologous radioimmunoassay for avian prolactin: application to the
      measurement of prolactin in the turkey.
AB  - A specific heterologous double-antibody radioimmunoassay has been developed to
      measure turkey prolactin (PRL) using a guinea pig anti-hPRL antiserum and 125I
      labelled ovine PRL [125I]oPRL. Turkey pituitary prolactin and serum give parallel
      dose-response curves and no cross-reaction is seen with turkey growth hormone, LH
      or FSH, or mammalian LH, FSH, TSH, GH or placental lactogens. The RIA is accurate
      and precise and is sufficiently sensitive to measure PRL in all physiological
      situations investigated in the turkey. The RIA will measure PRL in several avian
      species including the chicken, duck, goose, pheasant, pheasant X chicken F1
      hybrid, pigeon, quail and rock. Plasma PRL concentrations in laying and broody
      turkey hens were not significantly different (46.5 +/- 2.5 vs. 39.7 +/- 3.8
      ng/ml) but both were significantly higher (P less than 0.001) than in non-laying
      turkey hens (4.6 +/- 0.7 ng/ml). Oestradiol injection into laying hens did not
      alter PRL levels while the same injection in non-laying hens caused a significant
      three-fold increase in plasma PRL levels.

PMID- 696177
TI  - The influence of chronic renal failure on serum and urinary thyroid hormone
      levels.

PMID- 696178
TI  - Fine structure of rat prolactin cells after treatment with a long acting depot
      contraceptive.
AB  - Adult intact female rats were injected with norethisterone oenanthate (NOe), with
      or without simultaneous administration of CB-154, or with oestradiol benzoate
      (OeB). The ultrastructure of prolactin (PRL) cells due to the various treatment
      regimens was investigated and compared with the situation found in controls. Both
      after treatment with NOe or NOe plus CB-154, the number of PRL cells increased
      and displayed various ultrastructure signs of stimulation. The determination of
      serum PRL levels coincides with these morphological findings. In all treated
      animals mammary gland DNA content was significantly increased. The results
      presented indicate that proliferative changes in the rat mammary gland depend
      predominantly on the presence of progestogenic activities additionally to PRL,
      whereas the effect of oestrogens was regarded as an indirect effect via their PRL
      stimulatory action.

PMID- 696179
TI  - The effect of a slightly acidic somatomedin peptide (ILAs) on the sulphation of
      proteoglycans from articular and growth plate chondrocytes in culture.
AB  - Chondrocyte cultures were prepared from rabbit growth plate (GPC) and articular
      (ARC) chondrocytes. These two cell types have distinct morphological
      characteristics. The cells reached maximum numbers by days 10 and 21 for ARC and
      GPC, respectively. The proteoglycans (PG) contained in the cellular pool were
      extracted and purified by DEAE cellulose chromatography. The effect of a
      partially purified somatomedin peptide with insulin-like activity on
      [35S]sulphate incorporation into PG was evaluated. In both ARC and GPC a
      significant stimulation of [35S]sulphate uptake into PG subunits was obtained
      with 1 ng Eq./ml of somatomedin peptide. In order to obtain the same stimulatory
      effect with porcine insulin, a 1000-fold greater concentration was required. The
      electrophoretic patterns of the PG subunits on acrylamide-agarose electrophoresis
      were identical on control incubations and after stimulation with the somatomedin
      peptide. These data demonstrate in vitro biological activity of this peptide on
      well differentiated articular and epiphyseal growth plate chondrocytes in
      culture. These cultures appear to provide a sensitive biological assay for
      somatomedin peptides.

PMID- 696180
TI  - Urinary excretion of thyroxine, triiodothyronine, 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine
      (reverse T3) and renal function in human newborns.
AB  - The urinary excretion and serum levels of thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3)
      and 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (reverse T3) was estimated in a longitudinal study
      of human newborns. The maternal and cord blood was also studied. Neonatal renal
      function was evaluated using endogenous creatinine clearance. In cord blood serum
      T3 was found to be lower than in maternal blood, but reverse T3 highly elevated.
      During the first 5 days of life serum T4 and T3 increased with maximum at 48 and
      24 h in contrast to reverse T3 which remained high and then declined rapidly
      after 4 days. Creatinine clearance during the first 3 days of life increased from
      5.3 to 21.9 ml/min/1.73 m2. In the same period the urinary T4 excretion increased
      from 79 to 281 ng/24 h, urinary T3 excretion from 16 to 44 ng/24 h and urinary
      reverse T3 from 4 to 15 ng/24 h. The renal excretion of thyroid hormones,
      corrected for body surface, was decreased compared to adult controls,
      corresponding to an immature renal function. The lack of ability to excrete
      thyroid hormones involved primary T3 and reverse T3 suggesting particular
      immaturity of tubular secretion of these hormones during the neonatal period.

PMID- 696181
TI  - Triiodothyronine metabolism in diabetic rats.

PMID- 696182
TI  - Regulation of pancreatic glucagon secretion during a continuous glucose infusion
      in early and overt diabetics.
AB  - The pancreatic glucagon (IRG) secretion pattern was studied during a 2 h glucose
      infusion test (12 mg/kg/min) in 21 controls as well as in 44 subjects showing
      different degrees of carbohydrate intolerance. The fasting IRG levels increased
      significantly from controls (98 +/- 7.6 pg/ml) to chemical (144 +/- 9 pg/ml) and
      mild maturity-onset-type diabetics (166 +/- 12.2 pg/ml). During artificial
      hyperglycaemia the glucagon concentrations decreased slightly in all groups, but
      they remained at a higher level in early and overt diabetics). The molar IRI-IRG
      ratios have been found to be diminished in patients displaying a disturbed
      carbohydrate tolerance. There was not any correlation between insulin and
      glucagon concentrations in the blood. The findings suggest that abnormalities of
      alpha cell function may be present in early and overt diabetes independent of
      beta cell responsiveness. The causal relationship of A and B cell function in
      glucose intolerant subjects has to be cleared in follow-up studies.

PMID- 696183
TI  - The hormonal regulation of hepatic microsomal 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
      activity in the rat.
AB  - Hepatic microsomal 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity is higher in male
      than in female rat liver. Gonadectomy on day 25 of life only affects the activity
      in the adult male animal, causing a decrease towards the normal female level.
      Administration of testosterone to gonadectomized rats of either sex causes the
      induction of typical male activity levels. On the basis of these experiments,
      this enzyme activity may be classified as an drogen-dependent. However, 11beta
      hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase differs from other known androgen-dependent
      activities in that administration of oestradiol to gonadectomized animals of
      either sex causes a further significant repression of the activity to levels
      close to the limits of detection. Hypophysectomy on day 50 of life does not
      affect the activity in 75 day-old male rats, but causes the appearance of
      typically male activity levels in females. These results indicate that the
      hypophysis exerts a repressive influence on hepatic 11beta-hydroxysteroid
      dehydrogenase in female rats. The facts that this activity is not influenced by
      androgen or oestrogen administration once the pituitary has been removed
      demonstrates the obligatory role of the hypophysis for sex hormone action.

PMID- 696184
TI  - Experience with a new low dose oral contraceptive: norgestimate & ethinyl
      estradiol.
AB  - Experience with cyclic administration of 0.125 mg of norgestimate plus 0.035 mg
      of ethinyl estradiol indicates that this new combined oral contraceptive is
      clinically effective and well tolerated. There were no unintended pregnancies in
      3,026 cycles of use among 161 women. Patient acceptability of a relatively high
      cycle incidence of spotting (16.7%) was remarkable; only five patients withdrew
      from the study because of this irregularity. Breakthrough bleeding was infrequent
      (0.9% of total cycles). No other side effects were reported and amenorrheic
      cycles were not observed. In particular there were no complaints of
      gastrointestinal disturbance. Weight remained unusually stable. Laboratory
      findings remained within normal limits over 6 months of drug use. However, serum
      cholesterol and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase levels declined and protein
      bound iodine increased significantly from pre-treatment levels.

PMID- 696185
TI  - Demonstration of human chorionic gonadotropin during the second half of the
      menstrual cycle in plasma of regularly menstruating women users of copper IUds.
AB  - An attempt has been made of demonstrating the beta subunit of HCG in the plasma
      of 13 regularly menstruating women wearing a copper IUD. Eighteen menstrual
      cycles were explored with a total of 94 specimens obtained at 3-day intervals
      starting from the 16th day of the cycle. A cross reaction with LH was excluded by
      simultaneous assay of this hormone. Progesteron was also assayed so as to exclude
      anovulatory cycles. Five out of 12 ovulatory cycles yelded positive results with
      HCG values ranging from 171 to 692 mIU per ml. We therefore agree with the
      hypothesis according to which copper IUDs do not interfere with fecundation but
      with subsequent stages, specifically about the time of nidation of the blastocyst
      in the uterus.

PMID- 696186
TI  - Fertility and reproduction in the Bendel State of Nigeria.

PMID- 696187
TI  - Histoenzymological study of the adult female mammary gland. I-Glucose-6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase.

PMID- 696188
TI  - Sterilization of a non-scrotal mammal (Suncus murinus L.) by intratesticular
      injection of cadmium chloride.
AB  - The testis of the musk shrew is resistant to subcutaneous administration of
      cadmium chloride. In contrast, a single intratesticular injection of cadmium
      chloride (0.01 to 0.03 mM/kg body weight) caused total destruction of germinal
      epithelium; Leydig cells, however, regenerated after an initial phase of atrophy.
      Unilateal injection of the drug induced degenerative changes in the injected
      testis only; the contralateral testis appeared normal macroscopically and
      histologically. The factors responsible for the differential response of the
      testes of this non-scrotal mammal to the two routes of administration of cadmium
      chloride are discussed.

PMID- 696189
TI  - Chronic prostato-vesiculitis and sperm-cell mobility in male infertility.
AB  - The purpose of this research has been to value the importance of chronic
      inflammation of the prostatovesicular apparatus in sterile patients. The authors
      wish to underline the high incidence of chronic inflammation if this apparatus in
      such patients, the low incidence of bacterial forms and the high frequence of
      association with bradycinesia. The therapy of such forms gives excellent results.

PMID- 696190
TI  - [Scanning electron microscopic studies of the perivascular space in the rat
      thymus (author's transl)].

PMID- 696191
TI  - [Studies on surface structure and microviscosity of the lymphocyte membranes in
      myasthenia gravis and systemic lupus erythematosus as compared with healthy
      subjects (author's transl)].

PMID- 696192
TI  - [Effect on lymphocytes from systemic lupus erythematosus patients on DNA
      synthesis in human bone marrow cells (author's transl)].

PMID- 696193
TI  - [The distribution of T4-IgG bacteriophage on the surface of red blood cell
      obtained from the patient with acquired hemolytic anemia whose anti-globulin test
      was negative by direct and positive by indirect method (author's transl)].

PMID- 696194
TI  - [The effect of vitamin E on the ultrastructure of platelet (author's transl)].

PMID- 696195
TI  - [The studies on the method of euglulin clot lysis time using acid-treated
      euglobulin (author's transl)].

PMID- 696196
TI  - [Antiocoagulant activity of chondroitin sulfate A, B and C.--co-operative action
      with heparin cofactor (author's transl)].

PMID- 696197
TI  - [Ultrastructural observation of openings of open canalicular system on the
      membrane surface of human platelet by freeze-etching method (author's transl)].

PMID- 696198
TI  - [Consumption of antithrombin III in plasma (author's transl)].

PMID- 696199
TI  - Carcinoma of the pancreas and chronic pancreatitis--a possible relationship.

PMID- 696200
TI  - Measurement of regional hepatic blood flow by scintiphotosplenoportography.
AB  - A new technique for estimating regional hepatic blood flow using the inert gas
      washout technique and scintillation camera following injection of 133Xe into the
      spleen is presented. This technique is easily, rapidly and repeatedly performed
      and permits the measurement of nutrient hepatic tissue blood flow. Measurement of
      regional hepatic blood flow in right and/or left lobes was performed in 28
      patients. In all but one patient the right lobar flow value was equal to or
      greater than the left one. The right lobar flow was 86.20 +/- 12.83 ml/100 gm/min
      in 3 patients without liver disease, 75.12 +/- 14.54 ml/100 gm/min in 12 with
      chronic hepatitis and 51.24 +/- 17.13 ml/100 gm/min in 11 with liver cirrhosis.
      This result suggests that hepatic tissue blood flow is significantly decreased in
      patients with liver cirrhosis. Scintillation camera images of initial xenon
      distribution in combination with monitor of washout curves over the liver also
      provide more informations on the presence of extra-and intrahepatic shunts.
      Therefore, this technique appears to be clinically useful in evaluation of
      hemodynamic phenomena associated with liver diseases.

PMID- 696202
TI  - Reproducibility of the intravenous galactose tolerance test.
AB  - The reproducibility of the intravenous galactose tolerance test was investigated
      in eight healthy volunteers by performing the test five times under identical
      conditions in each individual. The results show that the interindividual
      scattering is much greater than the intraindividual variation. Therefore, and in
      connexion with the results of a previous investigation, the conclusion can be
      drawn that the intravenous galactose tolerance test is more suitable for the
      longitudinal course of patients than for the detection of an impaired liver
      function. A simplification of the test is possible by measuring the fasting
      galactose concentration and the blood galactose concentration 40 minutes after
      the galactose load.

PMID- 696201
TI  - Urinary excretion of D-glucaric acid, total glucuronic acid and total porphyrins
      in porphyria cutanea tarda.
AB  - The urinary levels of D-glucaric acid, which is an index of hepatic microsome
      induction, and the excretion of glucuronic acid and porphyrins were measured in
      nine patients with Porphyria Cutanea Tarda (PCT) and twelve normal controls. The
      excretion of D-glucaric acid and glucuronic acid were respectively 3.5 and two
      times higher in PCT patients compared to controls. A statistical correlation
      could be demonstrated between urinary excretion of total porphyrins with that of
      glucaric and glucuronic acids. These findings indicate that microsomal function
      and porphyrin metabolic derangement are strictly related in PCT.

PMID- 696203
TI  - On the applicability of statements on drinking and dietary habits for the
      calculation of risks or organ damage in chronic alcoholics.
AB  - Data from 12 alcoholics admitted to a detoxication ward on two separate occasions
      revealed great differences in statements on drinking and dietary habits between
      the two interrogations. The findings clearly demonstrate that such statements do
      not give reliable informations on drinking and dietary habits during prolonged
      periods. Furthermore, data from 61 patients show that a classification into
      chronic and intermitent drinkers only to some extent improves the possibilities
      to calculate the alcohol consumption over prolonged periods, since because of
      e.g. frequent or prolonged hospitalizations many chronic drinkers may be
      intoxicated during fewer days of the year than intermittent drinkers.

PMID- 696204
TI  - Elimination of paracetamol in chronic liver disease.
AB  - Serum concentrations of paracetamol were followed after oral administration of
      the drug to 21 patients with liver cirrhosis, 4 patients with secondary liver
      cancer, and 15 hospitalized patients without clinical evidence of liver disease.
      The cirrhotic patients had 50 per cent longer half-lives of the drug. They also
      had significantly higher values of AUC during the first 360 minutes, in spite of
      almost identical means values of Cmax and tCmax. Significant differences in
      paracetamol elimination between cirrhotics with and without ascites, or between
      cirrhotic with and without porto-caval shunt could not be demonstrated.

PMID- 696205
TI  - Endopeptidase activity of the brush border of human enterocyte.
AB  - Succinyl-trialanine-p-nitroanilide (Suc-Ala3-pNA) has been described earlier as a
      convenient substrate for pancreatic elastase which is not split by trypsin and
      chymotrypsin. An enzyme activity splitting Suc-Ala3-pNA has been found in the
      supernatant of the mucous membrane of human small intestine homogenized with
      Triton X-100.

PMID- 696206
TI  - The role of prostaglandines in peristalsis of the human colon.
AB  - Prostaglandines (PG) of the E and F series cause peristaltic activity in isolated
      longitudinal muscle strips of the human colon. As this phasic motor reaction can
      be varied by acetyl choline and adrenaline it was supposed, that prostaglandines
      contribute to peristalsis. The role of PG E and F in the human colon was studied
      by inhibiting the prostaglandine synthesis and by antagonizing the prostaglandine
      effects. Indomethacin proved to be a suitable inhibitor. HR 546 was found a
      powerful antagonist. The effect of Pentagastrin and Cholecystokinin (CCK) on
      peristaltic activity were suppressed by Indomethacin and HR 546. The inhibition
      of peristalsis by Indomethacin and HR 546 was removed by high doses of PG E and
      F. On the basis of these results the role of PG for the motility of the gut is
      discussed.

PMID- 696207
TI  - The pressure profile of the common bile duct an experimental study in 15 mongrel
      dogs.
AB  - In clinical urology the urethral pressure profilometry, developed by Brown and
      Wickham in 1969, is a well known diagnostical method. To our knowledge this type
      of investigation was not made in the common bile duct. In order to evaluate this
      method as an eventual clinical preoperative endoscopic method, especially in
      disorders of the choledocho-duodenal junction, choledochal pressure profile
      studies were made in 15 anesthesized mongrel dogs via a duodenotomy. The method
      was made according to the internationally advised standards of the urethral
      pressure profilometry. The mean contact basal pressure level in the choledochal
      duct amounted to 10,9 +/- 2,17 (sem) mm Hg. A statistically significant biphasis
      pressure elevation was seen in the region of the choledocho-duodenal junction (p
      less than or equal to 0,05). The mean pressures of the proximal and distal
      pressure elevation amounted to 59,8 +/- 8,51 (sem) mm Hg and to 54,3 +/- 7,13
      (sem) mm Hg. The proximal top was located at 3,68 +/- 0,28 (sem) cm and the
      distal top at 0,96 +/- 0,07 (sem) cm distance from the orifice of the papilla.
      The total length of the elevated pressure zone amounted to 5,50 +/- 0,29 (sem) cm
      and the length of the elevated pressure zone of the distal top was 1,58 +/- 0,10
      (sem) cm. These data correlate with the morphological structure of the choledocho
      duodenal junction as mentioned in literature and illustrated with X-ray
      investigation and casts of the distal choledochal lumen. Our data show that with
      choledochal pressure profilometry pressure and length of the sphincter of Oddi
      can easily and safely be determined. In combination with endoscopy the technique
      can be of value in preoperative and postoperative evaluation of the function of
      the choledocho-duodenal junction.

PMID- 696208
TI  - Functional and morphological abnormalities of the small intestinal mucosa in
      pernicious anemia--a prospective study.
AB  - Small intestinal mucosal function and structure was investigated in 13 patients
      with pernicious anemia prior to and after treatment with vitamin B12.
      Histological abnormalities of the jejunal mucosa were shortening of villi of
      varying degree, increased infiltrate of the lamina propria with monocytes and
      plasma cells and megalocytosis of the absorptive epithelial cell. Malabsorption
      of d-xylose occurred in 45%, fat in 30%, vitamin B12-IF complex in 69%,
      hypocarotinemia in 23% and hypoalbuminemia in 30% of the patients. By contrast,
      digestive brush border enzymes, i.e. disaccharidases, alkaline phosphatase and
      leucyl-naphthylamidase were not altered in pernicious anemia. Patients with
      significant jejunal mucosal abnormalities and decrease of the absorptive surface
      demonstrated malabsorption of one or more nutrients. Morphological and functional
      abnormalities were restored to normal after treatment with vitamin B12,
      suggesting that small intestinal changes in pernicious anemia constitute primary
      systemic manifestations.

PMID- 696209
TI  - Focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver and contraceptive steroids.
AB  - A case of Focal Nodular Hyperplasia of the liver in a young woman taking oral
      contraceptives is described. The parenteral administration of an elevated dosage
      of progesterone in a concentrated period of time is a remarkable feature of this
      case. The vascular alterations, which consisted of a marked increase of arterial
      and venous formations, intimal proliferation, diffused thrombosis, and the
      presence of large blood spaces recalling "peliosis hepatis" are the most salient
      microscopic findings. We should not exclude the possibility that these peculiar
      vascular alterations be the real effect of steroid hormones on a pre-existent
      hepatic lesion.

PMID- 696211
TI  - Haemoperfusion through activated carbon adsorbents in liver failure and hepatic
      coma.

PMID- 696210
TI  - Defective neutrophil chemotaxis corrected by levamisole in Crohn's disease.
AB  - In a 26-year-old man with Crohn's disease, evaluation of the neutrophil
      polymorphonuclear (PMN) function showed marked impairment of chemotaxis, while
      NBT tests, phagocytosis, random migration and adhesiveness were all normal. PMN
      chemotaxis was found normal after levamisole therapy.

PMID- 696212
TI  - The prognostic value of EEG in coma survivors after cardiac arrest.

PMID- 696213
TI  - Maternal, foetal and neonatal blood creatine-phosphokinase-activities and
      creatine-phosphokinase-isoenzymes after labour with and without epidural
      analgesia and after caesarean section.
AB  - Maternal, cord and neonatal blood creatine-phosphokinase (CK) activities and CK
      isoenzymes were determined in connection with 24 labours after normal
      pregnancies. In eight cases there was a normal vaginal delivery; in another eight
      cases there was a normal vaginal delivery with segmental epidural analgesia; and
      in the remaining eight cases there was an elective caesarean section under
      general anaesthesia. The lowest maternal blood CK-activities were seen in
      connection with caesarean section. There was a statistically significant
      difference in the maternal CK levels after delivery between cases with caesarean
      section and normal labour (P less than 0.05) and between cases with caesarean
      section and labour with segmental epidural analgesia (P less than 0.001). Most of
      the maternal CK-activity was of muscular type, and there were no statistically
      significant differences in isoenzyme fractions between the different groups. The
      neonatal blood CK-activities were at their peak at the age of 1 day in all
      groups. Between the groups there were no statistically significant differences in
      cord or neonatal blood CK-activities at any time. Most of the cord and neonatal
      blood CK-activity was also of muscular type, and there were no significant
      differences in the CK-isoenzyme fractions between the groups.

PMID- 696214
TI  - Serum cholinesterase variants in the Danish population.
AB  - A total of 1278 adult patients were screened for serum cholinesterase (E.C.
      3.1.1.8) variants. The following were used for phenotyping of variants:
      dibucaine, fluoride, chloride, and urea. The observed incidence of cholinesterase
      variants in the Danish population was similar to that found in other European
      countries.

PMID- 696215
TI  - Hepatic release of fluoride from halothane under hypoxic and non-hypoxic
      conditions in the dog.
AB  - Six dogs were subjected to halothane anaesthesia under hypoxic and non-hypoxic
      conditions. Plasma fluoride levels in hepatic venous and arterial blood, as well
      as blood flow to the liver, were measured during anaesthesia. The amount of
      fluoride released by the liver could thus be calculated. Release of fluoride took
      place in all animals during non-hypoxic halothane anaesthesia. The amount
      released varied between the individual animals and in three of them it rose
      further during hypoxic anaesthesia. The occurrence of defluorination of
      halothane, even under nonhypoxic conditions, may indicate a reductive metabolism
      in at least some parts of the liver. The significance of this hypothesis is
      discussed.

PMID- 696216
TI  - In vivo lung uptake of lidocaine in pigs.
AB  - A mixture of 14C-labelled lidocaine and indocyanine green dye (IG) (Cardiogreen)
      was injected as a bolus into the pulmonary artery in pigs (15-25 kg). Time
      concentration curves for both substances were constructed from 20s blood samples
      taken from the common carotid artery for approximately 20s. The extraction of
      lidocaine in each sample and the 95% first passage uptake (FPU) were calculated,
      assuming that IG is inert with respect to the lung and that it remains within the
      vascular compartment. The IG curves were also used to calculate cardiac output.
      The acid-base status and arterial blood pressure or ECG were also followed. Each
      animal was given two injections. When 0.5 mg/kg b.w. lidocaine was injected, FPU
      was 41 +/- 3%; at a dose of 2 mg/kg b.w., FPU was 28 +/- 3% (P less than 0.05).
      The initial extraction during the first 2 s after appearance of the substances
      was approximately 80%. This level declined with subsequent samples, and the
      decline was equally rapid at both dose levels.

PMID- 696217
TI  - The influence of thoracic epidural analgesia on the circulation at rest and
      during physical exercise in man.
AB  - The effects of thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) on the circulation at rest,
      during, and after physical exercise were investigated in 10 volunteers. At rest,
      TEA did not affect oxygen consumption (VO2) or cardiac output (Q), but heart rate
      (HR) was,  increased by 7 beats/min, and stroke volume decreased correspondingly
      by 13 ml. Systolic arterial blood pressure was slightly reduced, but no other
      changes in systemic or pulmonary circulatory parameters were produced. TEA did
      not change VO2 during exercise, a 2.11/min reduction of Q being accompanied by a
      4.2% increase of oxygen utilization coefficient. HR showed a relative reduction
      of about 10%. At moderate work loads during TEA, systemic arterial blood
      pressures were significantly lower than during control exercise. The resulting
      rate pressure product (RPP) was markedly reduced, while total peripheral
      resistance (TPR) remained unchanged. During recovery after the termination of
      exercise during TEA, VO2, Q, HR, RPP and TPR fell more rapidly towards values
      obtained at rest. From a clinical point of view the results support the safeness
      of TEA and also support its use in surgical patients with heart disease.

PMID- 696218
TI  - Sympathetic nervous system response to lidocaine induced seizures in cats.
AB  - The effect on arterial pressure, EEG, preganglionic sympathetic nervous activity
      and pulse rate of repeated intravenous administrations of lidocaine (3 mg/kg) was
      investigated in cats anaesthetized with nitrous oxide. A continuous high voltage,
      burst-suppression EEG indicating constant seizure activity was found, whereas
      arterial pressure and sympathetic nervous activity did not change significantly.
      Although the onset of EEG seizure activity did not change the mean sympathetic
      activity level, the pattern of firing changed dramatically as every EEG seizure
      triggered a burst of sympathetic impulses. Barostatic reflexes were active after
      lidocaine administration unless seizure activity occurred. Thiopental 5 mg/kg
      given intravenously to cats during continuous lidocaine-induced EEG seizures
      always abolished the seizure activity without excessive depression of arterial
      pressure.

PMID- 696219
TI  - Adsorption of insulin by infusion materials.
AB  - Doubt about insulin adsorption has been an obstacle to rational insulin treatment
      by i.v. infusion. The influence of several factors on adsorption was therefore
      studied using a radioimmunoassay technique to determine insulin levels. When 8 to
      128 IU of insulin were added to 500- and 1,000-ml containers, a linear
      relationship was found between the amount added and the amount delivered to the
      patient, permitting the design of a practical nomogram. In other experiments, 32
      IU of insulin was added to 1,000 ml containers. The type of insulin did not
      influence adsorption. Half of the 32 IU added to soda-glass and siliconized
      bottles were adsorbed, while plastic containers adsorbed less. Neither the type
      of infusion solution (except for 60% glucose), nor the type of infusion set
      infuenced adsorption. Human serum albumin prevented adsorption only incompletely.

PMID- 696220
TI  - Epithelial mucins of the gastro-intestinal tract of Egernia cunninghami.
AB  - Epithelial mucins of the gastro-intestinal tract of Egerina cunninghami, an
      Australian lizard, were investigated by several histochemical stains. The results
      obtained showed that the gastro-intestinal tract of this reptile has several
      types of mucus-secreting cells. Mucins secreted by the oesophagus, intestines and
      cloaca were predominantly acid-sulphated mucins, while the mucus neck cells of
      the gastric glands produced neutral mucins and the epithelial cells lining the
      gastric surface secreted a mixture of both neutral and acid mucins.

PMID- 696221
TI  - The exocrine pancreas in triamcinolone-treated mice. A light and electron
      microscopy study.
AB  - 6-week-old ICR strain female mice were given between 16 and 21 daily injections
      of the synthetic glucocorticoid, triamcinolone diacetate (8 mg/kg body weight).
      Portions of their pancreas were examined by light and electron microscopy and
      compared with untreated littermate controls. Despite marked variability from
      animal to animal and lobule to lobule, triamcinolone treatment induced increased
      zymogen depletion and also the development of large basal vacuoles in many acinar
      cells. At the ultrastructural level, acinar cells show pronounced mitochondrial
      swelling, which in many instances is accompanied by the development of myelin
      whorls. The number of cells with distended granular endoplasmic reticulum is
      increased as is the number of atrophying cells and cells apparently undergoing
      disintegration. In addition, there are indications of marked activation of
      interlobular perivascular macrophages which show marked vacuolation. Our
      observations suggest that pancreatic acinar cells show cytological changes as a
      result of experimental hypercorticoidism.

PMID- 696222
TI  - Correlations between tooth dimensions of man and apes.
AB  - Computation of simple, multiple and canonical correlation coefficents between the
      mesiodistal and buccolingual crown diameters showed a high degree of association
      between the overall crown dimensions of man and chimpanzee. Information regarding
      the partitioning of genetic and environmental influences on crown form must
      therefore await further data regarding the degree of correlation between detailed
      intra-crown dimensions. Nevertheless, the data from this study suggested that
      dentitions should be regarded as whole biological entities rather than a series
      of discrete teeth.

PMID- 696223
TI  - Ultrastructural data and chronobiological patterns of the synaptic ribbons in the
      outer plexiform layer in the retina of albino rats.
AB  - Synaptic ribbons of the outer plexiform layer in the retina of albino rats are
      examined, with particular regard to their ultrastructure and to their
      chronobiological behaviour. As to the ultrastructure, aside from the typical
      lamellar and granular morphology, synaptic ribbons, whose central bar is roundish
      and granular, delaminate or furnished with enlarged extremities, are shown. As to
      the chronobiological pattern, synaptic ribbons undergo to circadian changes in
      their absolute number, being particularly numerous during the light phase, and
      few during darkness. It is also considered the morphology (ratio between granular
      and lamellar) and the size (long, intermediate and short) during the 24-hour
      cycle; in both cases, diphasic curves are observed. On the basis of these
      results, in the junction photoreceptors-bipolar cells, synaptic ribbons are
      polymorphic, dynamic structures, whose number and morphology strictly depend on
      environmental light conditions.

PMID- 696224
TI  - Positional relationships of structures attached to long bones during growth.
      Cross-sectional studies.
AB  - The various soft structures attached to bones maintain relatively constant
      relationships during growth. The exact number of these relationships has,
      however, never been studied. As part of our ongoing research into the factors
      controlling muscle migration, we have determined these relationships for some
      structures. We studied the positions of 37 muscles from 24 New Zealand white
      rabbits ranging in age from birth to maturity. The muscles were selected to
      illustrate different kinds of attachments: fleshy and tendonous, restricted and
      extensive, and at both ends of a bone. The proximal and distal edges of
      attachments were carefully exposed and measured in a device that allowed us to
      measure the position relative to the ends of the bones without parallax
      distortion. We used the data to compute correlation coefficients and regression
      equations for position vs. length of bone. Results show that the correlation
      coefficient was above 0.9 for most cases and was significant at the 0.5 level for
      all but 4 cases. Slopes of the regression equations varied considerably, but in
      all cases they indicated that the closer to the end of a bone, the greater the
      distance migrated. The significance of these results is discussed.

PMID- 696225
TI  - New capillary collagen of cutaneous scars.
AB  - The capillary collagen of several human keloids was studied. In the majority of
      the preparations, the collagen had the appearance of an amorphous mass where the
      amorphous material of the intercellular component was mixed with the newly formed
      collagen. The vessels of these regions offered neither definite form nor
      structure but rather a mixture of well-formed fibers and of other fibers still in
      the process of formation. The principal characteristic of the newly formed
      vascular collagen was its distribution in the form of rings, each of which was
      united in turn to other rings. Fibers could be seen radiating from the periphery
      of these rings and served to join the rings to the surrounding intercellular
      amorphous substance. The vessels presented different disposition and structures
      depending upon their grade of development, which is never complete.

PMID- 696226
TI  - Sexual dimorphism of skeletal robusticity in several mammalian orders.
AB  - This study tries to determine whether a phylogenetic trend exists in the sexual
      dimorphism of skeletal robusticity and whether domestication has an effect on it.
      The problems were studied in the metatarsals of marsupials, insectivores, rodents
      and primates including Homo, and in various skeletal sections of wild and
      domesticated rats and dogs. No clear phylogenetic trend could be found and
      domestication cannot be shown to have an effect on diminishing skeletal
      robusticity. Sexual dimorphism of skeletal robusticity seems to be highly species
      specific and to have a mosaic distribution in a given taxon. Conclusions on
      phylogenetic trends of sexual dimorphism of skeletal robusticity and the effect
      of culture on it seem to be premature.

PMID- 696227
TI  - Ultrastructural evidence of thin intercapillary anastomoses in the renal
      glomerulus.
AB  - Electron-microscopic examination of mouse kidneys revealed in the glomeruli very
      thin (0.7 micron) vessels, the wall of which has the same structure as the
      remaining glomerular capillaries. The authoress considers them intercapillary
      anastomoses which were detected already previously by injection with India ink,
      however, the structure of their wall was not known hitherto.

PMID- 696228
TI  - Atypical thyroid follicles arising from an ultimobranchial-like cyst in a
      postnatal canine thyroid gland.
AB  - While investigating the intrinsic vasculature of the canine thyroid gland,
      atypical thyroid follicles were observed histologically, arising from a postnatal
      thyroid cyst of unknown origin, in stained sections of a male, 1-year-old,
      mesaticephalic dog. The animal was anesthetized, bled, killed by injection of
      Toxital directly into the heart, and perfused with 10% buffered neutral formalin
      solution. The thyroid tissue was fixed, embedded in paraffin, sectioned serially,
      and mounted on glass slides. Concordant with descriptions in the literature, this
      structure appeared to be a postnatal ultimobranchial-like cyst with direct
      connections to both ultimobranchial and mixed follicles. Seemingly, this
      observation has never been reported previously in the canine and would lend
      support to the hypothesis that ultimobranchial-like cysts may give rise to these
      atypical follicles. However, the authors are not totally convinced that all such
      thyroid cysts are solely ultimobranchial in orgin. A review of the literature
      supporting this contention is discussed.

PMID- 696229
TI  - [The posterior crural intermuscular septum. Macroscopic structure and relation to
      the fibular muscles].

PMID- 696230
TI  - Functional and hormonal control of pelvic width in the rat.
AB  - Absolute sacral dimensions of the rat are influenced by muscular, ovarian and
      testicular action, and all affect absolute sacral length more than absolute
      width. However, relative to trunk-length dimensions are rather stable and drop
      with a higher level of significance only in castration combined with estrogen or
      progesterone treatment. Relative pelvic width, as expressed by the transverse
      interiliac distance, is greatly widened in extreme muscular hypofunction but the
      sacrum does not participate in this widening. The widening results from a
      broadening of the proximal part of the ilium, following a genral response of long
      bones to extreme muscular hypofunction. Pelvic width is reduced in castration and
      ovariectomy with and without testosterone or estrogen treatment, but not in the
      combination of castration with progesterone treatment. Changes of sacral width
      are, however, more often independent from than concomitant with the width changes
      of the pelvis. The transverse interventral spine distance is dependent on rectus
      femoris muscle activity and drops drastically in hind-leg removal. It also drops
      in castration and particularly when castration is combined with estrogen
      treatment; but progesterone adds little to the effect of castration alone. The
      effect of ovariectomy alone or combined with testosterone treatment is
      negligible.

PMID- 696231
TI  - Association of mitochondria with the plasma membrane of the acinar cells of the
      mouse submaxillary glands1.
AB  - Electron micrographs of resting and pilocarpine-stimulated acinar cells of mouse
      submaxillary glands revealed the majority of mitochondria in close association
      with lateral and basal portions of the acinar cell membranes. The qualitative
      observations were confirmed by quantitation. Speculations as to the functional
      significance of this observation are discussed.

PMID- 696232
TI  - [Electron microscopic and histochemical studies on the amoeboid microglial cells
      in the developing chick brain (author's transl)].

PMID- 696233
TI  - [Anthropometry of adult male Japanese with remarks on correlation coefficients
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 696234
TI  - Clinical aspects and long-term prognosis in supratentorial tumors of infancy and
      childhood.
AB  - A total of 132 children, less than 15 years of age at the time of diagnosis of an
      intracranial supratentorial tumor, were followed from 1 to 40 years. The patient
      material was unselected and the follow-up 100%. 73 were boys and 59 were girls.
      The tumors were located in the lateral region of the brain in 70 children and in
      the midline in 62. Astrocytoma was the most common histological type, followed by
      craniopharyngioma. The occurrence of the most malignant tumor types was
      significantly higher in the lateral than in the midline region. 84 children
      survived for more than 1 month after the initial diagnosis or surgery, and 29 of
      these were alive 15 to 40 years after operation. 45% of the children with tumors
      situated laterally and 30% of those with midline tumors were alive after 15
      years. 14% of those who survived at least 15 years had severe and 34% slight
      neurological defects.

PMID- 696235
TI  - Clinical features and long-term follow-up of patients with reversible ischemic
      attacks (RIA).
AB  - The clinical features of 102 cases with transient attacks due to cerebral
      ischemia were evaluated, and 94 out of 102 cases were followed for an average of
      6 years. 1) The clinical study makes comparisons between two groups of patients
      grouped under the somewhat new definition of Reversible Ischemic Attacks (RIA):
      classical Transient Ischemic Attacks (TIA) and Stroke with Full Recovery (SFR),
      in which a complete recovery took place over a longer period, on the average 3
      weeks. 2) SFR constitutes the 34.31% of the total cases with transient ischemic
      episodes. In the carotid district the onset was more frequently gradual in SFR
      than in TIA and aphasia more frequent in TIA than in SFR. Multiple attacks
      prevailed in TIA over the SFR group. The definition of transient attack due to
      ischemia is discussed. 3) Completed strokes occurred in 11 cases (11.7%) with
      RIA. Hypertension and cardiac disease were significantly frequent in cases with
      subsequent stroke. The conclusion was reached that TIA is a symptom, not a
      pathological state, and TIA should be considered an important symptom but not a
      specific harbinger of completed stroke.

PMID- 696236
TI  - Osteoarthropathy of hepatolenticular degeneration.
AB  - Ninety-six joints of 25 patients with hepatolenticular degeneration have been
      studied by means of scintigraphs with technetium (99mTc), a method which can
      disclose early synovial inflammation and postinflammatory articular degeneration.
      Signs of synovitis were found in 22 joints of 10 patients (40%) and degenerative
      changes were present in 15 joints of eight patients (32%). Eleven patients
      complained of joint pains; in four of them they were the presenting symptom. The
      radiological study showed osteoporosis in 22 patients (88%); flexion deformity
      was found in two cases, anomalous osteophytes in two, and signs of growth arrest,
      features of rheumatoid arthritis and aseptic necrosis in one case each. The
      pathogenesis of osteoarticular changes in Wilson's disease is discussed.

PMID- 696237
TI  - Morphological, biochemical, ultrastructural, tissue culture and clinical
      observations of typical and aggressive craniopharyngiomas.
AB  - Craniopharyngiomas are tumors of the suprasellar area, which are often cystic,
      encapsulated and slow-growing. Certain of these tumors can behave in an
      aggressive manner and either invade surrounding structures or recur. In order to
      determine characteristics which may aid in distinguishing typical from atypical
      lesions, a study of biopsy and tissue culture specimens from 25 human
      craniopharyngiomas was undertaken. Tissue culture observations reveal two
      distinct cell populations. Typical lesions grew in culture in an orderly
      epithelial pattern and had desmosome-tonofibril aggregates and smooth surface
      topography demonstrable by electron microscopy. In the atypical tumors the cell
      growth was irregular, with mitotic activity, cholesterol crystals and features
      characteristic of neoplastic transformation, such as surface microvilli, an
      increase of cytoplasmic basophilia, size and number of nucleoli and retraction of
      cytoplasm. Correlation with the clinical status of the patients suggests that
      tumors of the four patients which exhibited atypical features in culture behaved
      more aggressively.

PMID- 696238
TI  - Ultrastructural appearances of the spinal microvasculature between 12 hours and 5
      days after impact injury.

PMID- 696239
TI  - Heterotopic brain tissue in the submandibular region and lung. Report of two
      cases and comments about pathogenesis.
AB  - Two cases of extracranial heterotopia of the brain are reported. Case 1, in an
      otherwise normal female baby, had a brain heterotopia in the submandibular
      region. Case 2, in a still-born female baby with anencephaly, had the heterotopia
      in the lung. The lesion in case 1 is believed to be an encephalocele that has
      been pinched off through a cleft in the bone or through a foramen of the skull;
      the pathogenesis is similar to that of the so-called "nasal glioma". Concerning
      the pathogenesis of case 2, contrary to the generally supported embolism theory,
      observation of serial sections of the tumor in the lung favors the aspiration
      theory according to which amniotic brain tissue fragments, which are dislocated
      into the amnion because of nonclosure of the ventricle or following destruction
      of the fetal brain, are aspirated by fetal respiratory movements in the 4th to
      6th month of intra-uterine life.

PMID- 696240
TI  - [Effects of thyroid hormones and heat value restriction of food intake on the
      glial surrounding and soma development of Purkinje cell (author's transl)].
AB  - Hyper- and hypothyroidism repercussions on soma, nucleus and cytoplasm increases
      were studied by electron microscopy on 7-, 14-, 21-, and 35-day-old rats. Adult
      normal animals were compared with adult ones made hypothyroid until they were 35
      days old. Also heat value restriction of food intake effects were compared with
      hypothyroid ones at 14 and 35 days. Hyperthyroidism accelerated the soma and
      cytoplasm size increase as early as 14 days, and the nucleus size increase as
      early as 21 days. It did not change the nucleo-cytoplasmic ratio (N/P) markedly,
      except that maximal value of this ratio was reached earlier than in normal
      animals. Heat value restriction of food intake led to a transitory soma size
      decrease at 14 days and a high nucleus size increase. This diet did not change
      markedly either cytoplasm size or N/P ratio value. Hypothyroidism slackened the
      rate of the soma, nucleus and cytoplasm size increase during the third postnatal
      week especially. Beyond, these structures went on increasing and their size
      became greater than normal in adult hypothyroid animals. N/P ratio was always
      superior to normal. Hypothyroidism led to a high volumetric and linear density of
      Purkinje cell soma glial surrounding. Hyperthyroidism caused a slight increase of
      these parameters which were not greatly changed by heat value restriction of food
      intake.

PMID- 696241
TI  - Canine distemper virus-associated encephalitis: modification by passive antibody
      administration.
AB  - Gnotobiotic puppies were intraperitoneally infected with R252-canine distemper
      virus (CDV), and treated with normal serum (NS) or CDV-specific antibody.
      Resultant central nervous system (CNS) lesions were evaluated by light and
      immunofluorescence microscopy. Lesions in NS-treated dogs, if present, consisted
      of small foci of neuronal degeneration and accompanying microgliosis, restricted
      to grey matter of the frontal lobe. Dogs receiving anti-CDV antibody, in
      contrast, had extensive lesions in the brain. Laminar cortical necrosis, gliosis
      and astrocytic activation of the grey matter of the frontal lobe was the most
      consistent lesion observed. In addition, foci of cerebellar granule cell layer
      degeneration and necrosis was seen along with segmental poliomalacia of the
      spinal cord. In several dogs, eosinophilic intracytoplasmic and intranuclear
      viral inclusion bodies were observe in neurons. The lesions observed in these
      dogs are compared to previously reported lesions of CDV infection in dogs.

PMID- 696242
TI  - Reactivity patterns of nerve cell-glia-complexes in mice during pentylenetrazole
      induced seizures. Cytometric-cytophotometric studies.
AB  - The relationships between nerve cell-glia-complexes (NGCs) and surrounding
      capillaries were studied by combined cytometric-cytophotometric methods in male
      mice up to 60 min after injection of 70 milligrams/kilograms of
      pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). The nuclear area in neurons from cortical layers IV and
      V of the motoric area 8 increased by 13%, and in neurons from the hypoglossal
      nucleus there was an increase of 23%, associated with phasic changes in the
      nuclear area of their glial satellites. The number of perfused capillaries
      increased in both brain regions and there was a 20%-elongation of erythrocyte
      filled capillary segments. The cytoplasmic RNA content enlarged in the
      hypoglossal neurons but decreased in cortical neurons from area 8. Peptidergic
      neurons and their glial satellites (supraoptic nucleus) showed nuclear shrinkage.
      Fifty percent of these peptidergic neurons reacted by reduction of their
      cytoplasmic RNA content. The measured cell reactions seem to be specific for
      different groups of NGCs which were defined by their histotopography, their
      neuronal interconnections, and a prevalence of secretory or nonsecretory neurons.

PMID- 696243
TI  - Morphological demonstration of the virus of tick-borne encephalitis in the human
      brain.
AB  - A case is presented in which the fourfold increase of the HI titer during the
      progression of the disease, and an increase in IgM content found at the beginning
      of the second week of the disease confirmed the diagnosis of tick-borne
      encephalitis. The light microscopic changes correspond to the findings accepted
      as characteristic to tick-borne encephalitis. Viruses, morphologically belonging
      to the Flavivirus genus were found by electron microscopy in the thalamus,
      substantia nigra, and cerebellum of the dissected brain. This paper presents the
      first demonstration of the virus in a case of a human tick-borne encephalitis.

PMID- 696244
TI  - Megalencephaly and chromosomal anomaly.
AB  - A 6-year-old mentally retarded boy died after cardiac surgery for Fallot's
      tetralogy. The brain was of enormous size, weighing 2230 grams and showing
      widespread polymicrogyria and dysdifferentiation to regular large pyramidal
      neurons without increased DNA content. Nuclear Barr bodies indicated a XXY
      chromosomal (Klinefelter) syndrome, which has not been previously reported in
      megalencephaly. True megalencephaly (excluding the symptomatic forms) should
      remain a pathological diagnosis and restricted to cases with an abnormally high
      brain weight in addition to morphological alterations. There is evidence for a
      genetic base in many cases of megalencephaly, and chromosomal studies may yield
      more information in this respect

PMID- 696245
TI  - [Obstetric care in 18 hospitals under Spanish Social Security during the year
      1976].

PMID- 696246
TI  - [The pregnant adolescent].

PMID- 696247
TI  - [Labor in the aged primipara].

PMID- 696248
TI  - [Maternal education and fetal monitoring].

PMID- 696249
TI  - Influence of oral contraceptives on immediate postabortal pituitary-ovarian
      function.

PMID- 696250
TI  - CAP, HCS and urinary oestriol assays in diabetic pregnancy.
AB  - The value of serial estimations of plasma CAP, HCS and urinary oestriol assays in
      pregnancies complicated with diabetes has been studied. The material consists of
      31 patients, 16 of whom delivered normal infants and 15 delivered newborns with
      diabetic foetopathy. It is concluded that the levels of CAP, HCS and urinary
      oesteriol excretion in diabetic pregnancies are comparable to those found in
      normal pregnancy. No significant differences in the biochemical parameters were
      detected between diabetic women who delivered infants with foetopathy compared to
      diabetic women who delivered normal infants. The maternal oestriol excretion was,
      however, somewhat higher in diabetic women who delivered infants with macrosomia.

PMID- 696251
TI  - Ultrastructure and variations of human cervical mucus during pregnancy and the
      menopause.
AB  - Ultrastructural aspect and variations of cervical mucus have been studied by
      scanning electron microscopy in 58 pregnant and 29 menopausal women. In both
      groups, a striking tightening of the ultrastructural glycoprotein framework was
      demonstrated. The phenomenon appears to occur very rapidly at the beginning of
      pregnancy while patients near the menopause show more variable patterns. The
      results are compared to the known evolution of cervical mucus ultrastructure
      during the ovarian cycle and discussed from a rheological point of view.
      Particular attention was paid to the eventual antibacterial role of cervical
      mucus in pregnancy, which was found to be very plausible.

PMID- 696252
TI  - Fracture and chemical composition of the deposit formed on the Lippes loop after
      prolonged use.
AB  - In order to confirm or refute the theory that there is the need to replace IUD's
      every few years due to their breaking, 26 Lippes Loops were tested. The sediment
      found on the devices was composed mainly of calcium carbonate. After removal of
      the sedimentation, it was seen that there was some corrosion of the body of the
      devices which caused a decrease in the IUD thickness. Pressure tests showed that
      an IUD which has been in use for a long period of time is more rigid, has less
      ability to deform and breaks under less pressure. It seems that the current
      medical opinion stating that IUD's should be replaced every few years, is valid.

PMID- 696253
TI  - Cryosurgical treatment of dysplasia and carcinoma in situ of the cervix uteri.
AB  - Fifty-nine patients (age range 18-40 years, mean 28 years) with dysplasia or
      carcinoma in situ of the cervix uteri were treated with cryosurgery. Healing
      occurred in 54 patients (91.6%) after one treatment ("double-freeze" technic) and
      in 2 patients after refreezing. No early or late complications occurred during a
      follow-up period of 7-37 months. Five of the patients with carcinoma in situ were
      followed immunologically with determinations of serum TPA (tissue polypeptide
      antigen), which can be employed as a parameter of malignancy. In all instances,
      the initially elevated TPA normalized after cryosurgical treatment. Cryosurgery
      is a simple, painless and safe treatment method in ectocervically localized
      carcinoma in situ and dysplasia that is particularly suited for out-patient use.

PMID- 696254
TI  - Human placental lactogen levels in amniotic fluid in normal and toxemic
      pregnancies.
AB  - Amniotic fluid human placental lactogen (HPL) levels were measured by
      radioimmunoassay in 162 cases of women with normal pregnancy and 43 with toxemic
      pregnancy, in the last trimester of pregnancy. A significant differences in
      levels was observed.

PMID- 696255
TI  - The site of placental attachment as a factor in the aetiology of breech
      presentation.
AB  - The frequency of cornu-fundal implantation of the placenta in association with
      breech presentation was investigated in the following study. In a series of 124
      women with breech presentation, and 125 women with cephalic presentation at or
      near term, the implantation site of the placenta was demonstrated by
      ultrasonography. It was found that with breech presentation the placenta was
      implanted in the cornual region in 72.6% of the cases, as compared with 4.8% in
      cephalic presentation. The placental implantation site may therefore have a
      determining effect upon the presentation of the foetus.

PMID- 696256
TI  - Pregnancy in a case of Nelson's syndrome.
AB  - A woman suffering from Cushing's disease from the age of 17 who had been treated
      consecutively with pituitary irradiation, bilateral partial adrenalectomy and
      o,p'-DDD (Mitotane, USP) presented the clinical picture of Nelson's syndrome
      (hypoadrenalism with secondary hypersecretion of ACTH and MSH) at the age of 32.
      Under substitution therapy with corticoids she became pregnant for the first time
      at the age of 38. The course of the pregnancy was normal and at term she was
      delivered of a normal child by Cesarean section. The materno-fetal relationship,
      the increased risk of pituitary infarction during pregnancy and the possible
      teratogenic effect of chemotherapy in such cases are discussed.

PMID- 696257
TI  - The Landry-Guillain-Barre syndrome and pregnancy.
AB  - The Landry-Guillain-Barre syndrome is considered rare in connection with
      pregnancy. In mild cases the course of the pregnancy is unaffected. In severe
      cases, with respiratory depression and bulbar symptoms, especially during late
      pregnancy, the syndrome entails an increased risk to both mother and foetus.
      Therapeutic abortion of cesarean section are not considered to be indicated. A
      pregnant woman developed the disease during the final trimester and gave birth to
      premature twins during respirator treatment. The mother and the infants survived.

PMID- 696258
TI  - Recurrent hydatidiform mole. Report of a case with five recurrences.
AB  - A report on a patient having five consecutive molar pregnancies is presented.
      None of the pregnancies was associated with a fetus and all five hydatidiform
      moles  were histologically benign. The treatment of recurrent moles is discussed
      and the literature concerning this problem is reviewed.

PMID- 696259
TI  - Implantation of a scleral strip into the supraciliary space and cyclodialysis in
      glaucoma.
AB  - Since 1975 the operation of implantation of a scleral strip (10 mm long and 2 mm
      wide) has been performed on 75 glaucomatous patients. The following variants of
      surgical technique were used: (1) implantation of an autoscleral strip into the
      supraciliary space, (2) implantation of an autoscleral strip combined with
      cyclodialysis and (3) implantation of a homoscleral (cadaver) strip combined with
      cyclodialysis. The first technique was employed in 12 cases. The intraocular
      pressure was controlled by surgery alone in only four eyes, though a decrease in
      the level of the intraocular pressure and an increase in the C-value occurred in
      each case. No significant difference between the results obtained with the second
      and the third techniques was found. Of 63 eyes operated on, the intraocular
      pressure was controlled in 41 eyes (65%) by surgery alone and in 11 other eyes
      with the help of miotics 3 to 4 weeks after surgery. Follow-up was for a period
      of from 12 to 23 months in 51 cases. The pressure was under control in 36 eyes
      (71%) without medication and in 10 more eyes with miotics. The rate of
      complications was low. Hyphaema appeared in 10 cases and mild iridocyclitis
      occurred in 11 cases. There was no case of choroidal detachment, persistent
      hypotony or flat anterior chamber after surgery.

PMID- 696260
TI  - The ultrastructure of the human lens capsule. I. Cataractous lenses from eyes
      with simple glaucoma. A transmission electron microscopic study.
AB  - The lens capsules from five cataractous lenses removed from eyes with glaucoma
      simplex have been compared with capsules from five cataractous lenses removed
      from eyes without glaucoma. Glaucoma simplex, cataracta senilis or the treatment
      of the glaucoma by drug therapy or surgical intervention do not seem to influence
      the ultrastructure of the lens capsule. The findings are identical with those
      observed in the normal aging human lens.

PMID- 696261
TI  - The ultrastructure of the human lens capsule. II. Cataracta complicata. A
      transmission electron microscopic study.
AB  - Eight human cataractous lenses extracted from eyes suffering from uveitis have
      been examined by transmission electron microscopy. The following changes have
      been demonstrated: cellular proliferation, fibrillogenesis and formation of
      osmiophilic, electron-dense amorphous structures. The changes were most
      pronounced in young lenses but had no features in common with the FEC
      (fibrillopathia epitheliocapsularis) syndrome.

PMID- 696262
TI  - The existence of smooth muscle adjacent to the Schlemm's canal of the normal
      albino rat eye.
AB  - The existence of smooth muscle adjacent to the rat aqueous outflow pathway was
      confirmed in this study. The smooth muscles ran parallel to the Schlemm's canal
      and reached the level of the posterior end of Schlemm's canal. The
      characteristics of these muscles were similar to smooth muscles in other organs.
      The existence of smooth muscle in this region depends on the fact that the rat
      eye lacks the scleral spur and the poorly developed meridional fibers of ciliary
      muscles come to lie close to the endothelial cells of Schlemm's canal. The
      innervation and function of these smooth muscles are unknown.

PMID- 696263
TI  - Secondary haemorrhage following traumatic hyphaema. A comparative study of
      conservative and tranexamic acid treatment.
AB  - Three out of 56 consecutively admitted patients with traumatic hyhaema, treated
      conservatively, developed secondary haemorrhage. Of the following 64 patients
      treated with tranexamic acid, none developed secondary haemorrhage. Statistical
      analysis, using chi2 test with Yate's correction showed no statistical difference
      with regard to the occurrence of secondary haemorrhage between the two groups.

PMID- 696264
TI  - Vitreo-scleral fluid transfer in the rabbit.
AB  - Experiments were carried out to see whether a radioactive tracer placed in the
      vitreous of a rabbit eye could be detected on the sclera. A solution of Xenon-133
      dissolved in saline was injected into the vitreous of six rabbits and collecting
      tubes containing activated charcoal were placed on the sclera. The presence of
      Xenon in these tubes confirmed that vitreoscleral transfer had occurred. It was
      calculated that on average, 2% of the Xenon had appeared over the whole sclera. A
      mathematical analysis of the shape of the activity curve of the tracer on the
      sclera revealed that its appearance was probably due to diffusion across the
      outer layers of the eye.

PMID- 696265
TI  - Amino acid transport in human ciliary epithelium.
AB  - A statistical study of the co-variation of the concentrations of 19 amino acids
      and related compounds from 21 persons was performed as a factor analysis of
      Caq/Cpl and of Caq. Six factors explained about 83% of the observed variation.
      Factor 1 showed a correlation to alpha-amino-N-butyric acid, valine, methionine,
      isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine and phenylalanine, factor 2 to lysine, histidine,
      arginine and glutamine (containing serine), factor 3 to taurine and proline,
      factor 4 to glycine and cystine, factor 5 to urea and factor 6 to glutamic acid.
      Only alanine and threonine showed a correlation to different factors in the
      Caq/Cpl- and the Caq-matrix. This correlation of groups of substances to
      different and independent factors is considered to be an argument in favour of
      the existence of six transport systems in the ciliary epithelium for the
      investigated substances.

PMID- 696266
TI  - Fluorescein angiography of the iris. A correlation of microangiopathy in the iris
      and retina.
AB  - Fluorescein angiography of the iris using filters that eliminated
      pseudofluorescence was performed. In 10 of 40 non-diabetic healthy eyes, a fine
      grained leakage of dye occurred from capillaries of the pupillary margin (PML).
      In 87 of 94 diabetic eyes with or without retinopathy a PML was present. The
      vascular changes of the iris were compared with those of the retina as disclosed
      by fundus fluorescein angiography. In 14 of 18 eyes without retinopathy PML was
      observed. In 25 of 28 eyes with non-proliferative retinopathy there was a PML, 12
      of those in addition showed extravasation to the iris stroma. All 48 eyes with
      proliferative retinopathy showed PML. In addition, 19 of these had extravasation
      to the iris stroma and 26 iris neovascularization. When iris neovascularization
      is present, larger fibrovascular proliferations are usually found in the vitreous
      space, often associated with recurrent vitreous haemorrhages or retinal
      detachment. Iris angiography yields valuable information on the vitreo-retinal
      diabetic sequelae and is useful for selection of such eyes for vitrectomy.

PMID- 696267
TI  - Pulfrich pendulum phenomenon in patients with a history of acute optic neuritis.
AB  - The Pulfrich phenomenon is a stereoillusion in which a pendulum swinging at right
      angles to the line of gaze appears to be describing an elliptical path when
      absorbing filters are placed in front of one eye. We used two sets of polaroid
      glasses as adjustable filters. A spot on a modified oscilloscope served at a
      pendulum bob. Twenty-nine former patients with a history of optic neuritis and
      visual acuities of greater than or equal to 6/6 in both eyes and twenty-two
      normal subjects underwent examinations. The patients showed pathological
      recordings which separated them from the control subjects. The test seems to
      expose minor residual dysfunction of affected optic nerves where the visual
      acuity is normalized. This abnormal response when viewing the moving Pulfrich
      pendulum is probably caused by disturbed neural conduction. The degree of acute
      visual loss and the time elapsed since the attack did not seem to influence the
      Pulfrich response. The results may explain why some patients who have recovered
      from optic neuritis complain of difficulties when viewing moving objects. In
      addition to the use of Pulfrich illusion test for diagnostic work; i.e. clinical
      or subclinical attacks of optic neuritis, it can serve as a valuable supplement
      to the more sophisticated method of visual evoked response.

PMID- 696268
TI  - The c-wave of the human electroretinogram in central retinal artery occlusion.
AB  - The pigment epithelium-receptor complex, which is supplied from the choroidal
      circulation, is the main source of the c-wave of the ERG. Occlusion of the
      central retinal artery (OCRA), which causes serious damage to the inner retinal
      layers, should therefore not primarily be expected to affect the c-wave
      amplitude. Nevertheless, conflicting reports of increased, decreased and
      unchanged c-waves have appeared in the literature. In the present study on four
      patients with OCRA the affected eyes showed diminished b- and c-waves. On the
      other hand, both the a-wave and the trough between the b- and c-waves were
      accentuated in the diseased eyes. Experiments in progress on Cynomolgus monkeys
      with experimentally induced unilateral OCRA show similar results.

PMID- 696269
TI  - Malignant melanoma of the conjunctiva and the iris in a case of primary acquired
      melanosis of the conjunctiva.
AB  - A case of primary acquired melanosis of the conjunctiva is reported. During the
      18 years of observation the patient developed a malignant melanoma in the iris,
      and seven years later a malignant melanoma appeared in the lower lid. The iris
      melanoma may be an extension from the precancerous melanosis, but the most likely
      explanation is that the condition represents two independent diseases.

PMID- 696270
TI  - Simultaneous traumatic posterior dislocation of both hips. A case report.
AB  - Simultaneous traumatic posterior dislocation of both hips, uncomplicated by
      fracture, is an exceptionally rare entity. The authors could not find any record
      of a similar case in the world medical literature up till now, and are therefore
      reporting this case with special consideration of the mechanism of injury and the
      management.

PMID- 696271
TI  - Effect of indomethacin on collagen metabolism of rat fracture callus in vitro.
AB  - The collagen metabolism of callus tissue from closed, non-immobilized rat femoral
      fractures was studied in vitro after in vivo treatment with indomethacin 2
      mg/kg/day for 6, 9 and 12 days after fracture. Total hydroxyproline synthesis and
      incorporation of hydroxyproline into collagen were found to be significantly
      increased after indomethacin treatment, whereas no significant difference was
      found regarding collagen resorption. The results suggest that the recently
      demonstrated inhibition of fracture healing by indomethacin is not brought about
      by an inhibition of collagen synthesis.

PMID- 696272
TI  - Glycosaminoglycan metabolism in experimental osteoarthrosis caused by
      immobilization.
AB  - A study was made of glycosaminoglycan metabolism of articular cartilage in
      developing experimental osteoarthrosis caused by immobilization of the rabbit
      knee. Cartilage samples from various sites in the knee and hip joints were
      analysed, samples from the mobile limb serving as controls. The concentration of
      glycosaminoglycans in the tissue was measured by determinations of hexosamine and
      uronic acid after prior papain proteolysis and subsequent purification. The
      uptake of 35S-sulphate was used as an indicator of the synthesis rate of
      sulphated glycosaminoglycans. Metabolic changes characteristic of osteoarthrosis,
      i.e., glycosaminoglycan depletion and increased uptake of 35S-sulphate, were
      found in tibial weight-bearing and femoral condylar cartilages. Net synthesis of
      glycosaminoglycans occurred in the tibial marginal cartilage.

PMID- 696273
TI  - Compression of the suprascapular nerve after fracture of the scapular notch.
AB  - A 32-year-old man with a fracture of the scapular notch associated with a lesion
      of the suprascapular nerve is reported. A nerve decompression operation was
      performed 20 months after the injury with relief of pain. The possibility that
      residual disability following a fracture of the scapula can be due to a lesion of
      the suprascapular nerve is underlined. The value of X-ray examination with
      projections visualizing the notch and diagnostic local anaesthetic block of the
      nerve passing through the notch are emphasized. Primary wide resection of the
      scapular notch is a preferable procedure preventing recurrence of nerve
      compression symptoms.

PMID- 696274
TI  - Operative treatment of scoliosis with Harrington instrumentation technique.
AB  - Thirty-five patients with scoliosis were treated with posterior fusion including
      the Harrington instrumentation technique. The operation was followed by a 1-year
      period of treatment in a Milwaukee brace. The patients had a thoracic or a
      thoracolumbar curve averaging 74 degrees. The mean initial correction was 45 per
      cent, and the mean final correction 33 per cent, after 2 3/4 years. There were no
      cases of pseudarthrosis and only one case of transient paresis. There were no
      deaths. It is concluded that these results are satisfactory and that the method
      is a safe one in experienced hands.

PMID- 696275
TI  - Postural equilibrium in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.
AB  - Postural equilibrium has been quantified by stabilometry in 57 patients with
      adolescent idiopathic scoliosis aged 10-16 years. Treatment was required in 39
      cases whereof 18 were placed under observation only. The control group comprised
      32 healthy children of the same age. An experimental design was made to vary the
      degree of difficulty of upright standing in four different test situations. The
      postural sway was analysed in the sagittal and lateral direction as well as in
      the area of total sway. The scoliotic patients had a significantly poorer
      postural control compared with the healthy children in all the tests. The
      difference was most pronounced in tests in which the proprioceptive functions
      were most important for maintaining the postural equilibrium. The left convex
      patients had quantitatively more pronounced reactions than the right convex
      patients. Patients with small curvatures, i.e., patients placed under observation
      only, had significantly increased postural sway compared with patients with more
      severe deformity. This fact, together with findings in patients with double
      primary curvatures, and the results of the study of brace effects, indirectly
      indicate the possibility of a postural disequilibrium as a contributory causative
      factor in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

PMID- 696276
TI  - A rational approach to the use of epidural medication in the treatment of sciatic
      pain.
AB  - The results of a series of 120 epidural injections given as treatment for
      backache and sciatica using Methylprednisolone and local anaesthetic, performed
      in the Gloucestershire area, are presented and compared with other published
      results. Wide variations in the results of this treatment are found and these may
      in part be explained on the basis of the variable severity of the histological
      changes known to occur in and around nerve roots in cases of sciatica. The
      pathogenesis of sciatica in lumbar disc disease is discussed in relation to its
      treatment by epidural injections of a long-acting steroid. It is shown that the
      treatment is more successful in acute onset cases and cases that have epidurals
      within 6 months of the onset of symptoms and it is suggested that earlier
      epidurals are given in cases that do not respond to the usual conservative
      measures. Manipulation of the spine and sciatic stretch should not be carried out
      at the same time as the epidural, as these procedures may adversely affect the
      results in some cases and certainly tend to make them more difficult to assess.

PMID- 696277
TI  - Hip joint instability after the neonatal period. Diagnosis and treatment of 20
      consecutive cases.
AB  - A consecutive series of 20 children (21 hips) with idiopathic hip joint
      instability, diagnosed after the neonatal period, is presented. The diagnosis was
      confirmed by hip joint arthrography. In all the children, 1.5-21 months old at
      the time of diagnosis, closed reduction could be achieved. They were treated in
      plaster directly or after treatment of contractures in the adductor muscles of
      the hip joint. Stability was rapidly attained during plaster treatment. The
      results of the treatment in plaster were checked by a second arthrography in two
      thirds of the cases, and all cases have been clinically and radiologically
      evaluated 1-4.5 years after diagnosis. All of the children developed clinically
      stable hips and they walk normally. In two hips signs of avascular necrosis of
      the femoral head were found and in three hips (two children) the skeletal
      development was markedly delayed. In 81 per cent (17/21 hips) the prognosis was
      considered good; it is uncertain in the remaining four hips. The appropriate
      period of fixation in plaster related to the age of the child is discussed.

PMID- 696278
TI  - Physical properties of fluorosis bone. Critical comments.

PMID- 696279
TI  - Evaluation of painful hip arthroplasty.
AB  - The evaluation of chronic pain after hip arthroplasty has always been a difficult
      problem and recently scintigraphy has been recommended as a suitable method of
      examination for this purpose. On the basis of radiographic and laboratory
      studies, scintigraphy, allergy tests, cultures and histological examinations, in
      16 patients with chronic pain in the hip after arthroplasty, it is concluded that
      radiography and scintigraphy together give valuable information about the cause
      of pain, especially if the prosthesis is infected. Fenestration of the femoral
      cortex may verify the diagnosis before replacement of the prosthesis.

PMID- 696280
TI  - Secular tendencies of the incidence of fracture of the upper end of the femur.
AB  - On the basis of an epidemiological study of the incidence of fracture of the
      upper end of the femur, undertaken in the city of Malmo for the period 1951-1960,
      the expected number of fractures in 1967 and 1968, and in 1974 and 1975, was
      calculated taking into account the changes in the size and the composition of the
      population. It was demonstrated that during the first period the previously
      described increasing trend continued so that more fractures were observed than
      could be expected from changes in the population only, whereas later on this
      trend became insignificant. The changes observed after 1968 could be explained by
      the increasing number of old residents in the city, and there was no obscure
      secular trend.

PMID- 696281
TI  - Unstable trochanteric fractures treated with the sliding screw-plate system. A
      biomechanical study of unstable trochanteric fractures. III.
AB  - Eighty unstable trochanteric fractures were treated with the sliding screw-plate
      system. Early weight-bearing was encouraged and mobilization was obtained within
      the first week in 47 per cent of the cases (37/78). Technical complications were
      encountered in 5 per cent of the patients (4/76) but none required re-operation.
      Telescoping of the screw occurred in 49 per cent (37/76). Through this secondary
      fracture impaction a stable load transmission system was established. Fracture
      union in the postoperative position was obtained in 49 per cent of the patients
      (37/76) and non-union did not occur.

PMID- 696282
TI  - Findings at arthroscopy and arthrography in knee injuries.
AB  - The diagnostic accuracy of arthroscopy and arthrography was investigated. A total
      of 135 patients were examined by the two methods. All were operated on and 90 of
      them were analyzed in detail, the X-ray examinations being done at this hospital.
      In 82 patients arthroscopy gave correct information. In eight (9 per cent) the
      diagnosis was incorrect, in most cases a rupture of the posterior horn of the
      medial meniscus being overlooked. Arthrography gave accurate preoperative
      information in 52 patients, but in 38 (42 per cent) the diagnosis was inaccurate.
      This difference in correlation with the operation findings between arthroscopy
      and arthrography was highly significant (P less than 0.001), and it is concluded
      that endoscopy gives more complete and more useful preoperative information than
      arthrography. Arthrography, however, remains a valuable diagnostic tool, as
      arthroscopy cannot be performed in every patient with knee symptoms.

PMID- 696283
TI  - Patello-femoral syndrome in hemophiliac knee.

PMID- 696284
TI  - [Fractures of the ankle (review of 136 cases)].

PMID- 696285
TI  - The treatment of idiopathic scoliosis in Tunisia. A review of the first five
      years.

PMID- 696286
TI  - [Biomechanics of total prosthesis of the hip and its displacement].

PMID- 696287
TI  - Results of surgery on rheumatoid hand at the stage of definitive deformities.

PMID- 696288
TI  - Responses of auditory nerve fibres to noise stimuli show cochlear nonlinearities.
AB  - The frequency selectivity of the peripheral auditory frequency analyser was
      determined on the basis of recordings from single auditory nerve fibres in the
      rat, using pseudorandom noise as stimulus. The impulse response function was
      arrived at by cross-correlating period histograms of the recorded activity with
      the noise. Frequency transfer functions were computed by Fourier transformation
      of the derived impulse response function. The impulse response function was
      observed to become shorter with increasing stimulus intensity. A concomitant
      widening of the frequency transfer function and a downward shift in the centre
      frequency were seen. Since the method used is insensitive to nonlinearities, the
      derived impulse and frequency respone functions are assumed to be valid
      approximations of the basilar membrane properties. The results, then, support the
      hypothesis that the basilar membrane is a nonlinear frequency analyser whose
      selectivity decreases as sound intensity increases.

PMID- 696289
TI  - Computer analysis of optokinetic nystagmus in patients with spontaneous nystagmus
      of peripheral vestibular origin.
AB  - The bias of slow phase velocity (SPV) of optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) caused by an
      acute labyrinthine lesion was examined in 8 patients using differnet optokinetic
      stimulus velocities. In all patients a directional preponderance of OKN-SPV was
      found corresponding to spontaneous nystagmus. This was due to enhancement of
      nystagmus SPV to the side of the lesion and depression of SPV in the opposite
      horizontal direction. The preponderance of OKN on the average increased with the
      intensity of spontaneous nystagmus and decreased along with recovery. These
      vestibularly induced differences in OKN-SPV range up to 70%. A differentiation is
      discussed between OKN preponderances caused by labyrinthine lesions and brain
      stem lesions.

PMID- 696290
TI  - Vertigo as reflected by the nystagmogram. A clinical analysis.
AB  - Efforts to evaluate findings in the nystagmogram were made in a material of 338
      vertiginous and dizzy patients. A spontaneous nystagmus, a positional nystagmus
      as well as a difference in caloric reactivity are as solitary findings of lettle
      value for revealing peripheral disorders. On the other hand, central disturbances
      are frequently revealed by inability to track a moving optic target, resulting in
      an irregular or a saccadic pattern, by persistence of vestibular nystagmus in
      light, by persistence of such nystagmus at eye-closure, by an increase in
      spontaneous nystgmus on eye-closure or by dysrhythmic nystagmus in caloric tests.
      Cases of functional vertigo seem to differ from cases of vertigo from other
      sources by their increase of spontaneous nystagmus (when present) or by
      persistence of caloric nystagmus on eye-closure.

PMID- 696291
TI  - Nasal mucociliary function during penicillin treatment.
AB  - Nasal mucociliary function was studied in 21 healthy subjects before, during and
      after penicillin administration. No change in the mucociliary function occurred
      during penicillin treatment. Nor was any difference observed between men and
      women or between smokers and non-smokers. On the other hand, the measurements
      revealed a significantly smaller intra-individual than inter-individual
      variation. As the epithelia of nasal cavity and Eustachian tube are
      morphologically of the same type it is concluded that the increased incidence of
      serous otitis media which has been observed after the introduction of penicillin
      in the treatment of acute otitis media can scarcely be due to an inhibitory
      effect of penicillin on the mucociliary function of the Eustachian tube.

PMID- 696292
TI  - The neuromuscular phonatory control system and vocal function.

PMID- 696293
TI  - A possible involvement of acidic glycosaminoglycans in kanamycin ototoxicity.
AB  - The content of acidic glycosaminoglycans (AGAG) was determined quantitatively by
      electrophoretic microanalysis in the cochlea, kidney and brain of the guinea pig.
      Kanamycin treatment (400 mg/kg body weight/day, i.m., 10 successive days) reduced
      the content of AGAG markedly in the lateral wall of the membranous cochlea.
      Furthermore, from the results of the ultrahistochemical and freeze-fracturing
      study, we propose here an "excretion system for basic aminoglycoside antibiotics"
      by means of the co-operation of spiral ligament cells and AGAG produced by them.
      Thus we have tentatively concluded both that kanamycin is excreted via the above
      mentioned "excretion system" in the lateral wall of the membranous cochlea and
      that it damages this system to form the circulus vitiosus of its opopoxicity.

PMID- 696294
TI  - Ion transport in guinea pig cochlea. I. Potassium and sodium transport.

PMID- 696295
TI  - Gentamicin-induced mitochondrial damage in inner ear sensory cells of the lizard
      Calotes versicolor.
AB  - Earlier morphological and histochemical studies on the effects on inner ear
      sensory cells caused by aminoglycoside antibiotics have failed to give sufficient
      information of the genesis of these effects. The present study was focused on the
      phases of progessive mitochondrial changes in sensory cells of the the lizard
      basilar papilla induced by consecutive large doses of gentamicin. The
      mitochondria react by swelling, changes in the configuration and number of the
      cristae and formation of matrical inclusions. Myelin figures are a consistent
      finding in degenerating cells after gentamicin exposure. These are shown to be
      derived from changed mitochondria. The final product is an "onion-like" structure
      which is built of primitive membranes. There is a marked difference in reaction
      to the damage between individual mitochondria in the same cell. This difference
      is also evident between individual sensory cells in the same specimen. By
      studying the phases of the mitochondrial breakdown process in the sensory cell,
      some additional information on the changes in cell metabolism caused by ototoxic
      drugs, may be extracted.

PMID- 696296
TI  - Organ culture of the 16th gestation day mouse labyrinth. A model suggestion for
      pre- and post-partum development.
AB  - The 16th day mouse embryo inner ear was explanted and cultured "in vitro" for 6
      days, which corresponds to 1 day post-partum development "in vivo". A normal
      development occurred both when the inner ear anlage was divided into a vestibular
      and a cochlear portion and when it was cultured as a whole. The present model
      system may provide a helpful tool in the study of both normal development and
      inner ear pathology.

PMID- 696297
TI  - Comments on the acoustic-reflex response for bone-conducted signals.
AB  - Previous studies which have measured acoustic-reflex responses to bone-conducted
      signals have not effectively differentiated reflex responses from artifacts. A
      convenient method for identifying such artifacts was developed and employed on
      some acoustic-reflex measures for bone-conducted signals. The findings indicated
      that artifacts result when a frequently-used acoustic admittance meter (Grason
      Stadler 1720B) and a conventional bone vibrator were used to measure reflex
      responses for tonal and noise-activating signals. It was suggested that the
      method be employed in future studies which investigate the acoustic reflex in
      response to bone-conducted signals.

PMID- 696298
TI  - A computer-controlled binaural balance test.
AB  - The commonly used ABLB procedure (Alternate Binaural Loudness Balance) is
      strongly influenced by two psychological factors: the consistency of the referred
      side and the increase in intensity in equal stages on this side. To avoid this
      influence, side and intensity have to be randomized. The test has therefore been
      subjected to computer control and the results are continuously checked as to
      their significance. 26 patients with suspected inner-ear disturbance showed a
      significant relative recruitment; by contrast, in not one of 14 normal-hearing
      persons was the result positive. This test takes no longer than the conventional
      procedure.

PMID- 696300
TI  - Sonotubometry. An acoustical method for objective measurement of auditory tubal
      opening.
AB  - The sound conduction method for measurement of the Eustachian tube opening has
      been studied and modifications made in the test procedure to increase its easy
      performance and reliability. By holding the sound source near to the nostril,
      mounting the microphone into a circumaural ear defender and by feeding the output
      of the microphone through a filter with a very narrow bandwidth (3.16 Hz) many of
      the pitfalls of the sound conduction technique described earlier could be
      removed. Recording of the transfer function between the nasal tip and external
      auditory meatus and recording of the spectrum of swallowing sound revealed that
      the useful frequency rang for the measurements was upwards from 5--6 kHz. By
      using the three frequencies 6, 7 and 8 kHz the method showed tubal opening in 90
      or 95% of normal ears depending on whether the minimum amplitude accetped was
      greater than or equal to 5 or 1--4 dB, respectively.

PMID- 696299
TI  - Tissue levels of kanamycin in correlation with oto- and nephrotoxicity.
AB  - The time courses of kanamycin (KM) levels in the perilymph, kidney, liver, brain
      and blood were observed by a bioassay method in normal guinea pigs and in animals
      pretreated with KM for 10 successive days. In the kidney and perilymph of the
      normal guinea pigs, the injected KM became highly concentrated and was eliminated
      only after a protracted delay. This tendency was much more intensified in kidney
      and perilymph of the pretreated animals. By contrast, the KM in blood and brain
      was eliminated rapidly both in the normal and in the pretreated animals. It is
      concluded that the high accumulation and slow elimination of KM by the inner ear
      and kidney and, moreover, the enhancement of these phenomena by successive
      pretreatment are one of the important factors in the origin of oto- and
      nephrotoxicity.

PMID- 696301
TI  - Breast feeding and biological development.
AB  - The superiority of human milk as compared with milk of other origin for the
      feeding of newborns, term or preterm, can be analysed in terms of biological
      development related to digestive, metabolic and excretory functions during foetal
      and postnatal life. The macro- and micro-anatomical developments of the intestine
      are complete in the 6th foetal month. The brush border and some of its enzymes
      (saccharase-isomaltase) exist already from the 6th foetal week, whereas other
      enzymes (lactase and intracellular transport enzymes) appear much later. The
      major gastric and pancreatic enzymes, as well as the synthesis of biliary acids,
      do not reach maturity until after birth. Several metabolic functions, e.g. the
      synthesis of cystine from methionine, of tyrosine from phenylalanine, and of urea
      from ammonia, are still limited at the time of birth. The capacity for excretion
      of sodium, the osmotic urinary load, and hydrogen ions is suboptimal, especially
      in the prematurely born. All these circumstances imply that human milk, with its
      protective properties, represents optimal adaptation to the needs of the child in
      the perinatal period.

PMID- 696302
TI  - WHO collaborative study on breast feeding.
AB  - WHO, concerned with the declining breast feeding rate in developing countries,
      has organized investigations in nine different countries of different aspects of
      breast feeding and breast milk with the ultimate aim of formulating programmes of
      intervention. The basic epidemiological study on 24000 mother/child pairs is just
      completed and some preliminary data are reported on the pattern of breast feeding
      in the three studied socio-economic groups--urban elite, urban poor and
      traditional rural--which differ significantly in their breast feeding rate as
      well as in the pattern of return of menstruation in breast-feeding and non-breast
      feeding mothers.

PMID- 696303
TI  - New knowledge in human milk immunoglobulin.
AB  - One of the anti-infection principles of maternal milk is the predominant milk
      immunoglobulin, secretory IgA. This immunoglobulin contains antibodies against
      many pathogens and potential pathogens, viruses as well as bacteria, including
      several members of Enterobacteriacae. The antigenic stimuli for these milk
      antibodies seem to take place in the Peyer's patches of the intestine. Lymphoid
      cells leaving the patches after antigenic exposure seem to home to the mammary
      glands via the lymph and blood circulation. As a result, the milk contains
      secretory IgA antibodies against, among other things, the intestinal bacteria of
      the mother. These milk antibodies might reflect the spectrum of bacteria and
      viruses in the community and may be important for the protection of the breast
      fed baby. Via the same homing mechanism the maternal milk obtains antibodies
      against dietary antigens, including cow's milk proteins. Studies of infants on
      mixed feeding suggest that the secretory IgA antibodies against the bovine
      proteins diminish the antigenic exposure, indicating the possibility of an anti
      allergic mechanism.

PMID- 696304
TI  - The volume of trapped gas: a new and sensitive test for the detection of exercise
      induced bronchospasm in children.
AB  - The volume of trapped gas (VTG) was measured at the end of a nitrogen multiple
      breath wash out procedure in 16 asthmatic and 10 healthy children before and
      after exercise. When compared to conventional spirometric variables VTG was the
      most sensitive test for detection of exercise-induced asthma (EIA). The VTG was
      significantly higher before exercise in the asthmatic children and increased
      significantly after exercise, while it did not change in the healthy controls.
      The significance of changes caused by EIA increased if VTG/TLC % or VTG/VC % wer
      used. Salbutamol inhalation normalized the VTG in all the asthmatic children.

PMID- 696305
TI  - Congenital defects in a cohort followed for seven years.
AB  - A geographically limited cohort of Finnish children was followed from birth for
      seven years, and all congenital abnormalities were recorded and classified and
      special attention was given to the cumulative detection rate, and the time of
      detection of various defects. Of 3674 pregnancies 135 babies with or without
      defects were stillborn or died during the neonatal period. The remaining 3539
      were followed up to seven years, when the percentage follow-up was 81.7%.
      Detailed information on 76 malformed livebirths registered in the neonatal period
      was available in 63 cases (82.9%). The diagnosis was found to be incorrect in 6
      cases and additional defects were registered in 7 of these children. Additional
      congenital abnormalities detected in the follow-up study were divided into three
      groups: all congenital disorders or abnormalities with prenatal etiology (248
      children), all congenital defects (111 of these 248) and structural malformations
      (31 of these 111). The cumulative detection rates in these groups increased with
      time and at the end of the study when the children were aged seven were 9.4%,
      5.6% and 2.6%, respectively.

PMID- 696306
TI  - Increased intracranial pressure in cystic fibrosis.
AB  - Three cystic fibrosis infants with severe respiratory distress had increased
      intracranial pressure (with bulging fontanels) which cleared parri passu with
      improvement in the chest condition. It is proposed that the intracranial
      hypertension is a result of raised venous pressure, itself secondary to the
      intrathoracic obstruction to venous return, consequent on the bronchial
      obstructive disease.

PMID- 696307
TI  - Renal functional adaptation in the remnant kidney in patients with renal agenesis
      and in patients nephrectomized in childhood.
AB  - The renal response to volume expansion was determined in four patients with renal
      hypertrophy due to unilateral renal agenesis (URA) and in four patients with
      renal hypertrophy due to nephrectomy (Nz). Four healthy controls were also
      studied. The studies were performed during water diuresis and following i.v.
      infusion of isotonic saline solution. Conventional clearance techniques were
      used. GFR and PAH clearence were increased to about the same extent in Nz and in
      URA. Fractional Na+ excretion was highest in the Nz group and lowest in the
      control group. It was higher in the Nz group than in the URA group. Fractional
      water excretion (V/GFR) and free water clearance (CH2O) were also determined and
      the results indicate that the high fractional excretion of Na+ from the
      hypertrophied kidney can be attributed to reduced fractional reabsorption of
      filtrated Na+ both in the proximal and the distal tubules. The fractional Na+
      reabsorption in the distal tubule appears to be higher in URA than in Nz. It is
      concluded that glomerular tubular balance for Na+ is more similar to that found
      in healthy controls if the stimulus to hypertrophy occurs prenatally than if it
      occurs postnatally.

PMID- 696308
TI  - Relationship of maternal smoking to morbidity and mortality of the child up to
      the age of five.
AB  - The effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy on the morbidity and mortality of
      the child up to the age of five was studied in 12068 births. The children of the
      smokers were compared with those of controls of similar age, parity, marital
      status and place of residence. Perinatal mortality was no higher among the
      smokers, but postneonatal mortality from 28 days to 5 years was almost
      significantly (p less than 0.05) higher. The children of the smokers were highly
      significantly (p less than 0.001) more often hospitalized in pediatric
      departments, the difference being clearest below the age of one. The average
      duration of hospital admissions was longer among the children of the smokers, and
      similarly the numbers of visits to the doctor and hospital admissions to any
      hospital under the age of one were more frequent among the children of the
      smokers. Respiratory diseases caused highly significantly more hospitalizations
      among these children.

PMID- 696309
TI  - Oesophageal varices as a late complication to neonatal umbilical vein
      catheterization.
AB  - Three recent cases are presented. Haematemesis in children with splenomegalia and
      a history of neonatal umbilical vein catheterization should involve careful
      examination for oesophageal varices due to portal hypertension.

PMID- 696310
TI  - Effect of maternal anaemia on the placenta and the newborn infant.
AB  - Foetal birthweight, placental morphometry and maternal, cord blood and placental
      haemoglobin and iron levels were studied in 69 anaemic mothers (haemoglobin less
      than 110 g/l) and 16 mothers without anaemia (haemoglobin greater than or equal
      to 110 g/l). The birthweight, placental weight and number of placental cotyledons
      were significantly reduced in the severely anaemic mothers (haemoglobin less than
      or equal to 60 g/l) and had direct relationships with the maternal haemoglobin
      levels. However, placental volume and surface area showed no constant relation to
      maternal haemoglobin. The haemoglobin and iron levels in the cord blood and
      placental tissue were found to have linear correlations with the maternal
      haemoglobin levels. The low levels of placental and cord serum iron in the
      severely anaemic mothers suggest that iron supply to the placenta and the foetus
      is affected in maternal anaemia and the foetus takes iron in direct proportion to
      the levels available in the mother.

PMID- 696311
TI  - Relationship between haemoglobin and serum testosterone in normal children and
      adolescents and in boys with delayed puberty.
AB  - The concentrations of haemoglobin  and of serum testosterone were measured in 215
      normal children and adolescents aged 7--20 years, and in 8 boys with
      constitutional delayed puberty. From the age of 14 years onward haemoglobin and
      testosterone rose in normal boys and differed significantly from the stable
      levels observed in prepubertal children and pubertal girls. In the entire series
      of normal boys (n = 118, age 7--20 years) concentrations of haemoglobin and
      testosterone were found to be closely correlated (r = 0.73, p less than 0.001).
      These results provide further evidence for a major role of testosterone in the
      control of erythropoiesis. Therefore, this correlation suggests the use of serum
      testosterone determination for the proper selection of haemoglobin reference
      ranges in boys. The respective reference ranges of haemoglobin corresponding to
      testosterone levels at 0 and 30 nmol/l were 120.5--148.5 and 143.5--171.5 g/l
      (95% confidence limits). Boys with delayed puberty were found to have
      significantly reduced median values of haemoglobin and testosterone for their
      chronological age, and 6 of the 8 boys investigated were truly anaemic on this
      background. Nevertheless, their haemoglobin concentration did appear appropriate
      as judged from their testosterone levels. This observation supports the idea that
      the selection of the relevant reference range for haemoglobin in boys should
      depend on the state of physical development as expressed by serum testosterone.

PMID- 696312
TI  - Disseminated Herpes simplex virus infection in ataxia-telangiectasia.
AB  - The clinical and pathological features are described in a child with ataxia
      telangiectasia, complicated by fatal disseminated herpes simplex virus infection.
      Herpes simplex virus was isolated from the patient's blood, and the
      histopathological findings in the skin, liver and adrenals were consistent with
      herpes simplex virus infection. The patient had a combined immune deficiency
      state, as a part of the ataxia-telangiectasia syndrome. She had imparied cellular
      immune response to herpes simplex virus and developed no antibodies against the
      virus. To our knowledge, this is the first fatal case of disseminated herpes
      simplex virus infection in ataxiatelangiectasia.

PMID- 696313
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy of neoplastic neurogenic rat cell lines in culture.
AB  - The surface structure of a series of malignant neurogenic rat cell lines in
      culture has been investigated by scanning electron microscopy. Neoplastic
      transformation was induced by a single transplacental administration of the
      carcinogen ethylnitrosourea (ENU) to BD-IX rats on the 18th day of gestation. The
      malignant cell lines were established either by explantation into culture of
      cells from solid gliomas or neurinomas developed in the offspring, or by transfer
      of fetal brain cells to culture where they subsequently underwent malignant
      transformation. A high degree of surface activity was observed, as evidenced by
      microvilli, filopodia, ruffling membranes and zeiotic blebs. Surface activity was
      highest in cell cultures giving rise to glioma-like tumours upon re-implantation
      into syngeneic hosts, and low in those giving rise to neurinoma-like tumours,
      with one exception. The lowest surface activity was seen in a cell line which was
      not tumourigenic. High surface activity was mostly correlated with a high degree
      of aneuploidy. No correlation was apparent with other properties of the
      neoplastic cell lines, e.g., stem line ploidy and population doubling time in
      cell culture.

PMID- 696314
TI  - The myocardial capillary vasculature in repeated physical exercise. An
      experimental investigation in the rat.
AB  - The neoformation of myocardial blood capillaries was investigated on cardiac
      autoradiograms from 3H-thymidine injected rats that had been swimming-exercised
      for two weeks, rats that had been resting for three months following the
      exercise, and rats in which the rest had been followed by a second two-weeks
      period of exercise. The initial period of exercise induced a signficant capillary
      neoformation in the hearts. The newly-formed vasculature was found of functional
      significance still at the end of the resting period and available for the
      increased demands on the myocardial vasculature when the exercise was resumed.

PMID- 696315
TI  - The effect of tobacco smoke condensate on the growth and longevity of human
      diploid fibroblasts.
AB  - Human embryonic diploid lung fibroblasts were exposed to various fractions of
      cigarette smoke condensate over their in vitro life-time. Most fractions were
      toxic at a concentration of 50 microgram/ml, with the exception of the strong
      acid and one water soluble basic fraction, which stimulated growth and increased
      longevity significantly at this concentration. Most fractions produced no effect
      on cell growth at 10 microgram/ml, with the exception of another basic fraction
      which inhibited growth at 1 microgram/ml. Nicotine had no apparent effect on
      growth and longevity at 50 microgram/ml. The neutral fraction containing the
      polynuclear hydrocarbon carcinogens produced normal growth and longevity at 10
      microgram/ml. No cell transformations were observed.

PMID- 696316
TI  - Studies on the rat liver following iron overload. 1. Fine structural appearance.
AB  - Iron overload of the rat liver following parenteral administration of Jectofer
      (an iron sorbitol citric acid complex) was studied in the electron microscope.
      Abundant ferritin-like granules were present in parenchymal and Kupffer cells,
      partly free in the cell sap and partly concentrated in 3 types of membrane-bound
      organelles, with characteristic appearances. In the parenchymal cells these
      organelles consisted of lysosome-like structures, apparent autophagic vacuoles,
      and vacuoles lacking features linking them to specific cytoplasmic elements.
      Organelle-bound ferritinlike granules in the Kupffer cells were demonstrated in
      lysosomelike structures, in phagocytic vacuoles, and in tubular and vacuolar
      elements referred to as "type 1" and "type 2" bodies. No ferritin-like granules
      were observed in other cell types than parenchymal and Kupffer cells.

PMID- 696317
TI  - Absence of association between oestrogen-receptor content and in vitro oestrogen
      sensitivity in human breast cancer.
AB  - Breast-cancer tissue from 25 consecutive patients was investigated for oestrogen
      receptor content and for oestrogen-induced changes in tritiated thymidine uptake
      by explanted cells. A higher oestrogen receptor content was not associated with
      any statistically significant increase in oestrogen sensitivity. Neither the
      dissociation constant (Kd values), nor the oestrogen binding capacity (f mol
      oestrogen bound/mg supernatant protein) was found to be associated with in vitro
      oestrogen sensitivity. One receptor-negative tumour showed oestrogen sensitivity
      in vitro.

PMID- 696318
TI  - Incidence of salivary gland neoplasms in Greenland with special reference to an
      anaplastic carcinoma.
AB  - Forty-two salivary gland neoplasms were diagnosed in Greenland 1955--1974. Twenty
      five cases were malignant of which 92 per cent were an undifferentiated
      carcinoma, histologically identical to malignant lymphoepithelial lesion. Age
      adjusted incidence rates for salivary gland carcinomas 1965--1974 were among the
      highest on record, significantly higher than in Denmark. Prognosis was poor with
      a 5-year determinate survival rate of 14 per cent. The majority of previously
      reported malignant lymphoepithelial lesions of salivary glands have occurred in
      Arctic dwellers in Alaska and Northern Canda. Virus infection and/or dietary
      deficiencies may be etiological factors. In the present study secondary
      nasopharyngeal carcinoma could not always be excluded.

PMID- 696319
TI  - Lithium-induced focal interstitial fibrosis in the rat kidney.
AB  - An early stage of focal cortical interstitial fibrosis and nephronic atrophy was
      found by light microscopy in the kidneys of nine out of twelve rats which had
      received lithium for 9 weeks. The animals had excessive polyuria and increased
      requirement for sodium. The histological changes were in their distribution and
      the morphological structure similar to the lesions recently found in renal biopsy
      specimens from patients on long-term lithium treatment.

PMID- 696320
TI  - Acute hypertensive damage of arterial vessels of the heart.
AB  - Experimentally-induced acute angiotensin hypertension has been shown to increase
      the permeability of cardial arteries and arterioles to plasma components within a
      few hours. Only in one of the coronary arteries was an increased and focal
      permeability for plasma components demonstrated, the penetration taking place
      into the entire thickness of the vessel wall. However, the permeability observed
      in intramyocardial small arteries and arterioles showed a distinct deposition of
      plasma components, both in the tunica intima and the tunica media and usually in
      the entire circumference of the vessels. The results support the view that an
      increased arterial permeability of the myocardial vessels for plasma components
      is an important initial stage in the development of hypertensive vascular disease
      of the heart.

PMID- 696321
TI  - Biliary hamartomas (von Meyenburg complexes) in liver needle biopsies.
AB  - 2000 consecutive liver needle biopsies were examined for the occurrence of
      biliary hamartomas (von Meyenburg complexes, microhamartomas). In 12 biopsies
      (corresponding to 0.6 per cent) a total of 15 hamartomas were found as 2 biopsies
      contained 2 and 3 hamartomas, respectively. The incidence, morphology, location
      and differential diagnosis are discussed. In serial sections a communication
      between all the lumina in each hamartoma was found. In no case the diagnosis of
      biliary adenoma, congenital hepatic fibrosis or polycystic liver could be made.
      The hamartomas are of no clinical importance.

PMID- 696322
TI  - Bacterial contamination of heat-sterilized, heat-disinfected and chemically
      disinfected haemodialysis monitors.
AB  - The bacterial contamination of one heat-sterilized, three heat-disinfected and
      four chemically-disinfected monitor types was evaluated before and after
      dialysis. All monitor types were contaminated. In the heat-treated monitors the
      level of contamination varied with the intensity of the heat treatment and the
      technical design. They were less contaminated than the chemically-disinfected
      recirculating single-pass monitors. The latter were contaminated to a marginal
      degree, irrespective of the quality of the water supply. Each monitor showed a
      characteristic microbial flora, indicating that recontamination occurred from the
      same persistent focus. Aquired antibiotic resistance characters were rare among
      the potential human pathogens isolated from the dialysate. The level of
      contamination during dialysis is determined by a complex of factors, including
      the mode of disinfection, the technical design of the dialysis equipment, the
      duration of the dialyses, and the flora of the dialysate.

PMID- 696323
TI  - The role of cell wall carbohydrates in binding of microorganisms to mouse
      peritoneal exudate macrophages.
AB  - The recognition by macrophages of unopsonized bacteria was studied, employing a
      binding assay, performed at 4 degrees C. Various Gram positive and Gram negative
      bacteria were shown to bind to glass-adherent mouse peritoneal exudate cells
      under these conditions, Str. pneumoniae being the only exception. The binding
      could be inhibited by pretreatment of the macrophage monolayers with various
      monosaccharides. The role of particular components of the bacterial cell wall in
      binding was examined further using different strains of K. aerogenes and S.
      typhimurium with a known cell wall composition and mutant strains deficient in
      certain sugars. The ability of a particular constituent to inhibit binding was
      found to correlate closely with its presence in the bacterial cell wall. It is
      concluded, that this form of binding, mediated by cell wall carbohydrates
      represents a primitive recognition mechanism enabling phagocytes to bind
      microorganisms.

PMID- 696324
TI  - Bacitracin production by the high-yielding mutant Bacillus licheniformis strain
      AL: stimulatory effect of L-leucine.
AB  - The high-yielding mutant Bacillus licheniformis AL produced only small amounts of
      bacitracin in the chemically defined M2 medium. L-leucine markedly stimulated
      bacitracin production and restored the mutant strain to its place as a superior
      producer as compared to Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 10716. Leucine also
      stimulated the growth rate of the mutant. The stimulatory effect of leucine on
      bacitracin production is discussed in relation to control mechanisms and
      overproduction of antibiotics.

PMID- 696325
TI  - Deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization between different species of mycobacteria.
AB  - The homology percentages between DNA from M. smegmatis ATCC 607 and DNA from nine
      various species of mycobacteria have been determined. DNA-DNA hybridization was
      measured in a spectrophotometer. The technique, calculation of results and the
      uncertainty of the method are described.

PMID- 696326
TI  - The importance of C5 and the role of the alternative complement pathway in
      leukocyte chemotaxis induced in vivo and in vitro by Bacteroides fragilis
      lipopolysaccharide.
AB  - Chambers implanted subcutaneously in C5 normal (C5 N) and C5 deficient (C5 D)
      mice were used to examine the migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs)
      into the wound chamber fluid in response to injected Bacteroides fragilis
      lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The difference in PMN migration was highly significant
      between the two mouse strains, the C5 D mice showing no initial, but a low,
      delayed migration. The results from the study indicated that chemotaxis plays a
      major role in the accumulation of PMNs in the acute inflammatory response.
      Intraperitoneal endotoxin stimulation also showed a significantly lower total
      number of leukocytes in the exudate from C5 D mice as well as a delayed migration
      of cells compared to C5 N mice. No leukotactic mediators were elaborated in C5 D
      serum or exudate upon incubation with LPS when tested in a modified Boyden
      chamber. However, endotoxin-induced wound chamber fluid in C5 D mice showed an
      increasing leukotactic activity at the same time as the acute inflammatory
      response subsided in C5 N mice. Incubation of B. fragilis LPS in C4 deficient (C4
      D) guinea pig serum indicated that the LPS was able to activate complement
      components to generated split products chemotacic for rabbit PMNs via the
      alternative complement pathway.

PMID- 696327
TI  - Rapid oncogenesis in vivo by chicken retrovirus OK10.
AB  - The OK10 virus complex is known to contain two detectable viruses: a) focue
      forming virus OK10V that transforms chick embryo cells, and b) an associated
      virus OK10AV present in excess that converts the morphology of cultured chick
      embryo cells. The pathogenesis of OK10 virus infection was studied, using 2--4
      day old Brown Leghorn chickens. A group of chickens was sacrificed at weekly
      intervals, serum samples were taken and tissues were examined for virus.
      Autopsies of the chicken were performed and gross and microscopic changes were
      registered. After intraperitoneal injection of 10(4) focus-forming units of OK10
      virus, infectious OK10AV was detected after one week in Bursa Fabricius, thymus
      and liver, and OK10V after two weeks in Bursa Fabricius but in no other organ.
      Neutralizing serum antibodies developed within three weeks. The first malignant
      changes, in the mesentery, were detected after three weeks. The infection was
      lethal in all experiments within 6--8 weeks. In the mesentery, the tumors
      consisted of large tumour cells with clear cytoplasm, a large nucleus and
      prominent nucleoli. The origin of these cells could not be established. The cells
      were surrounded by lymphoid cells. From the tumours, vontinuous cell lines were
      established which produced both viruses OK10V and OK10AV and had blast-like
      morphology. After intravenous injection of OK10 virus, tumours could also be
      found in liver, kidneys and testes. The associated virus OK10AV was injectious
      for chickens and induced neutralizing serum antibodies. One out of seven chickens
      died of leukosis after 1 1/2 years. The OK10 virus complex, consisting of a
      tumour-forming and a weakly oncogenic associated virus, appears to have a
      multiple oncogenic potential in its rapid oncogenic action in vivo.

PMID- 696328
TI  - Experimental endocarditis in rabbits. I. Technique and spontaneous course of non
      bacterial thrombotic endocarditis.
AB  - Insertion of a polyethylene catheter into the heart was used for regular
      establishment of sterile endocarditis in 52 rabbits. The catheter was inserted
      with the aid of guide wire, and distance marking on the catheter was used to
      obtain precise positioning, so that the catheter was retained with the curved
      distal end inside the left ventricle of the heart. The results showed that the
      catheterization procedure could be carried out with a high degree of accuracy.
      Uniform localization of the vegetations was obtained, these reaching a suitable
      size of development in all rabbits after insertion of the catheter for 3 days.
      Histological examination of the sterile vegetation showed that catheter
      withdrawal at this time would still permit the regular development of an
      infection. After withdrawal of the catheter, the sterile vegetations rapidly
      decreased in size and disappeared almost completely by 10 days. Sterile
      endocarditis in rabbits induced by a catheter for a period of 3 days proved to be
      a harmless and self-limiting disease. The model presented seems to be suitable
      for futher investigations on experimental bacterial endocarditis.

PMID- 696329
TI  - The presence in faecal extracts of bacterial cell wall components resembling
      viral structures.
AB  - Electron microscopy of faecal extracts frequently shows organized structures
      which have a superficial resemblance to viral material in that it is more
      heterogenous and consists mainly of vesicles and tubules covered by subunits
      arranged in different patterns. Evidence is presented that this kind of material
      is derived from detached outer layers of bacterial cell walls.

PMID- 696330
TI  - Toxicity studies with human leukocyte interferon in newborn rabbits.
AB  - Daily subcutaneous injections of 5 to 10 million units of partially purified
      human leukocyte interferon were given to newborn rabbits for 2 weeks or 1 month.
      The control groups received mock interferon, saline or nothing. The interferon
      treatment had no overt effect on the development of the animals during the period
      of treatment. The rabbits treated with interferon had leukocytosis, splenomegaly
      and prolonged postnatal extramedullary hematopoiesis in the liver and spleen.
      Certain immune responses were also demonstrated in the rabbits treated with
      interferon and mock interferon preparations. Platelet counts and the serum-ASAT, 
      ALAT, -LD and alkaline phosphatase values were normal.

PMID- 696331
TI  - Leukocyte chemotactic activity in cultures of unstimulated human lymphocytes.
AB  - We have shown earlier that unstimulated human lymphocytes in in vitro cultures
      produce migration inhibitory factor into the supernatant. The evidence of
      spontaneous lymphokine synthesis is strengthened further by this study, which
      demonstrates leukocyte chemotactic activity in these culture supernatants. The
      factor has a molecular weight of more than 5000 daltons, it resisted heating for
      15 min at 100 degrees C, and showed maximum activity at dilution 1:4-1:8 of the
      supernatants.

PMID- 696332
TI  - The role of C1s, C1r and properdin in the initiation of the C3b-dependent
      feedback mechanism of the complement system.
AB  - The influence of activated C1s, C1r and properdin in the fluid phase initiation
      of the C3b-dependent feedback mechanism of the human complement was studied. It
      was found that C1s caused conversion of C3 and factor B in a normal serum, but
      not in a serum genetically deficient in C4 or in a serum to which Na2EDTA had
      been added. When a normal serum was incubated with C1r before incubation with
      C1s, only C3 was converted, whereas factor B remained in the unaltered native
      state. Properdin did not influence the C1s mediated conversion of C3 and factor
      B. When activated properdin was added to a properdin-depleted serum, both C3 and
      factor B were converted. Activated properdin was also incubated with purified C3
      and purified C3b. It was shown that C3 was converted to C3b, but C3b was not
      degraded despite prolonged incubation.

PMID- 696333
TI  - Immunoproliferative alterations in lymphoid tissues and liver in mice stimulated
      with Corynebacterium parvum.
AB  - Morphological alterations in the spleen, liver, lymph nodes, thymus, bone marrow
      and blood were studied in DBA and Balb/C mice treated with Corynebacterium
      parvum. The spleen lymph nodes and liver increased in size and weight, whereas
      thymus showed decrease in weight compared to the control group. A marked, early
      proliferation of monocytes in the bone marrow preceded infiltrations by
      macrophages in lymph nodes, spleen and liver. These infiltrations were closely
      related to the vascular structures, became nodular and decreased around day 12
      after the injection. A rapid increase in the number of monocytes and transformed
      lymphocytes of the peripheral blood were noted almost immediately after the
      administration of the vaccine. No relationship between the degree and duration of
      the histological changes, strain of mice, and number of inoculations was found.
      It is suggested that the increase in size and weight of the lymphoid organs and
      the liver is primarily caused by invasion of macrophages, perhaps secondary to a
      preceding proliferation of monocytes in the bone marrow.

PMID- 696334
TI  - Brief report. In vitro effects of Rubella virus, strain RA 27/3, on human
      lymphocytes. III. Inhibition of mitogen stimulation transferred by supernatants
      from virus-infected cultures.
AB  - When lymphocytes from humans with serological immunity against rubella were
      incubated with live rubella virus, supernatants were obtained which when added to
      non-infected lymphocytes gave a significant inhibition of phytohaemagglutinin
      (PHA)-induced proliferation. In contrast, supernatants from virus-infected
      lymphocytes from donors lacking immunity against rubella gave no inhibition of
      the PHA response.

PMID- 696335
TI  - Protective antitoxic cholera immunity in mice: influence of route and number of
      immunizations and mode of action of protective antibodies.
AB  - An adult mouse model has been elaborated for studies of experimental cholera
      (Vibrio cholerae enterotoxin-induced intestinal secretion) and protective
      antitoxic immunity in either ligated small bowel loops or intact small intestine.
      Mice of different inbred strains varied markedly in intestinal susceptibility to
      toxin, C57B1 being the most sensitive strain tested. Fluid accumulation started
      within 1 h after the inoculation of toxin and was maximal after 5 h, whereafter
      recovery gradually ensued. The dose-response curve was sigmoid, the ED50 of crude
      toxin being equivalent to about 0.1 microgram purified toxin/cm in the loops and
      0.3 microgram/cm in the nonligated intestine. Two peroral (p.o.) immunizations
      induced significant protective immunity which increased markedly after two
      further immunizations by the same route. Additional p.o. immunizations did not
      appreciably enhance the protective immunity any further. Intravenous (i.v.)
      vaccination had to be repeated more than 5 times before intestinal immunity could
      be observed. No correlation between serum antitoxin titers and protective
      immunity was found. Electron microscopic examination revealed that whereas
      peroxidase-coupled cholera toxin bound tightly to intestinal microvilli from
      unimmunized or 5-times i.v. immunized mice it did not bind to the microvilli of
      p.o. immunized animals. The data thus suggest that the protective immunity is
      mediated exclusively by locally produced antibodies which prevent the binding to
      toxin to the gut epithelium.

PMID- 696336
TI  - Localization of Fc receptors in human and rat malignant tissues.
AB  - Three human malignant tumors and a rat carcinoma (Walker 256), which all showed
      strong Fc receptor activity in tests with sheep erythrocytes (E) sensitized with
      rabbit IgG antibodies (A), were used to study the distribution of the receptor in
      subcellular fractions isolated by differential centrifugation. Smears of the
      three crude sediments obtained (nuclei, mitochondria rich and membrane rich) all
      possessed receptor activity. EA incubated in the suspension of cell fractions did
      not attach to Fc receptor positive tissue sections or to cells in suspension.
      Cells from which the surface receptors had been eluted still showed activity in
      sections of cell pellets. Apparently the Fc activity is connected with both
      external and internal membranes.

PMID- 696337
TI  - Immuno-suppressive effect of human macrophages. I. Evidence for an unstable
      soluble factor(s) inhibiting DNA synthesis and proliferation in PHA-stimulated
      lymphocytes.
AB  - Macrophages obtained by culturing blood monocytes in vitro for 8 days showed
      capacity to inhibit DNA synthesis and cell proliferation in PHA-stimulated
      lymphocytes separated from the macrophages by a membrane with pore size 0.2
      micron. The DNA synthesis was measured as 3H thymidine incorporation and the
      proliferation as cell counts. The depression was reduced when the distance
      between macrophages and lymphocytes was increased concomitant with increased
      culture volume. Heat-killing of macrophages abolished their lymphocyte depressing
      capacity. Full inhibitory effect was established within 4 hours when lymphocytes
      were cultured in the proximity of macrophages. The effect was blocked by
      molecular filtration membranes with nominal molecular weight limits (nmwl) 1,000
      and 10,000 whereas membranes with nmwl 25,000 only partially blocked the effect.
      No inhibitory effect was registered in the supernatants from macrophage-depressed
      lymphocyte cultures. Presumably the lymphocyte depressing effect is mediated via
      an unstable soluble factor(s).

PMID- 696338
TI  - Immuno-suppressive effect of human macrophages. II. Influence of macrophages on
      the kinetics of DNA, RNA and protein synthesis in PHA-stimulated lymphocytes.
AB  - Human macrophages obtained by culturing blood monocytes in vitro for 8 days
      release a soluble factor(s) inhibiting DNA synthesis and cell proliferation in
      PHA-stimulated lymphocytes. Synthesis of RNA and protein was strongly inhibited
      in PHA-stimulated lymphocytes sedimented on macrophages, as well as in
      lymphocytes separeted from the macrophages by a membrane, thus demomatrating that
      inhibition of RNA and protein synthesis was also mediated by a soluble factor(s).
      The kinetics of the factor-mediated inhibition showed that RNA synthesis was
      readily inhibited, whereas there was a delay in the inhibition of protein
      synthesis, thus indicating that the inhibition of protein synthesis and cell
      proliferation is a result of a blocking effect on the nucleic acid synthesis. The
      kinetics of DNA and protein synthesis in lymphocytes relieved from macrophage
      mediated inhibition indicate a cytostatic effect.

PMID- 696339
TI  - Choline acetyltransferase activity in postganglionic parasympathetic nerves after
      "pharmacological decentralization".
AB  - The ganglion blocking drug chlorisondamine given frequently and in gradually
      increasing doses over a period of time to adult rats causes the activity of
      choline acetyltransferase to fall in the postganglionic parasympathetic nerves of
      parotid glands. Such a "pharmacologically" decentralized gland was also found to
      have lost weight and to have developed a supersensitivity to chemical stimuli.
      All these phenomena are thought to be consequences of loss or reduction of
      secretory impulses from the central nervous system due to impaired ganglionic
      transmission.

PMID- 696340
TI  - Effects of nifedipine on the smooth muscle of the human urinary tract in vitro
      and in vivo.
AB  - Smooth muscle preparations of the urethra, bladder, and ureter were obtained from
      patients undergoing operations for various urological disorders. The urethral
      preparations were contracted by noradrenaline (0.1-3 microgram . ml-1),
      prostaglandin F2alpha (1-10 microgram . ml-1), and potassium (127 mM), the
      bladder preparations by carbacholine (0.004-1 microgram . ml-1), prostaglandin
      F2alpha (1-10 microgram . ml-1), potassium (127 mM), and barium chloride (3 mM),
      and the ureter preparations by potassium (127 mM), and barium chloride (3 mM).
      Irrespective of the mode of activation, pretreatment with nifedipine (0.1
      microgram . ml-1) for 10 min. reduced the responses. Nifedipine also relaxed
      preparations contracted by the contractile agents used. In 19 female patients,
      aged 20 to 73 years, undergoing investigation because of urgency and/or urge
      incontinence, simultaneous urethrocystometry at rest was performed before and
      after oral administration of 20 to 40 mg nifedipine. Bladder capacity and
      residual urine were also determined. Nifedipine did not affect the pressures
      within the bladder and urethra, nor did it increase the bladder capacity.
      However, after nifedipine intake there was a statistically significant increase
      in residual urine. The results suggest that nifedipine can inhibit contractile
      activity induced by drugs with different modes of action; the drug does not
      affect the tone in bladder and urethra.

PMID- 696341
TI  - Interaction of vitamin E and selenium with the hepatotoxic agent
      dimethylnitrosamine.
AB  - Pretreatment of rats with vitamin E, 0.02% w/w of the diet and a sc dose, 200
      mg/kg, given 48 hrs. before dimethylnitrosamine, DMNA, was found to ameliorate
      the acute hepatotoxicity of DMNA (30 mg/kg) as reflected in reduced plasma
      asparagine-amino-transferase (AspAT) activity. This effect was confirmed by
      histological evaluation. No significant effect of DMNA on plasma levels of
      vitamin E was observed, however, DMNA significantly increased the hepatic level
      of vitamin E supplemented rats. Pretreatment with selenium, 0.5 mg/kg given
      intraperitoneally 48 hrs. before DMNA, was found to enhance the acute
      hepatotoxicity of DMNA as reflected in increased elevation of plasma AspAT
      activity. This effect was not confirmed morphologically. DMNA did not have any
      effect on the hepatic selenium state in selenium pretreated rats; however,
      selenium pretreatment tended to decrease hepatic and plasma tocopherol levels. To
      explain the effects observed in the present investigation, various mechanisms
      were discussed. If the compounds were acting as antioxidants, then the difference
      in intracellular localization had to be important. More likely a specific
      biochemical function involving drug metabolizing enzymes could be involved.
      Finally vitamin E could protect membranes from damage during the necrotizing
      action of DMNA.

PMID- 696342
TI  - Effect of melperone, two of its metabolites and thiothixene on central monoamine
      metabolism and prolactin levels in rodents.
AB  - The effects of melperone and thiothixene on the concentrations of monoamine
      metabolites in brain and prolactin in the serum of rats and mice were determined.
      Both drugs increased brain concentrations of dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC)
      and homovanillic acid (HVA) in a dose-dependent manner. 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic
      acid (5-HIAA) was unaffected. The effect of thiothixene was longer lasting and
      about 5 times greater than that of melperone. Melperone, but not thiothixene,
      increased levels of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene glycol (MOPEG). Several
      hours after administration of melperone, levels of HVA and MOPEG were diminished.
      Both drugs increased prolactin concentrations in rat serum. Thiothixene was about
      10 times more potent than melperone. Of two urinary metabolites of melperone
      investigated, one caused the same qualitative effects on monoamine metabolism as
      melperone itself but with reduced potency. The other metabolite was ineffective.

PMID- 696343
TI  - Effects of extracellular calcium on potassium and noradrenaline induced
      contractions in the aorta of spontaneously hypertensive rats--increased
      sensitivity to nifedipine.
AB  - Isolated preparations of the thoracic aorta from spontaneously hypertensive rats
      (SHR) and normotensive Wistar rats (NWR) were contracted by noradrenaline (NA)
      1.8 X 10(-5)M, and potassium (K+) 127 mM, after 30 min. pretreatment in a Ca++
      free medium. In both SHR and NWR aortae, the contractions were markedly reduced;
      no significant differences were found between the two types of vessels in Ca++
      free medium. On addition of Ca++, the contractions were restored to a
      significantly greater extent in the NWR than in the SHR aortae. In the presence
      of nifedipine 7.2 X 10(-9)M, the response to Ca++ was significantly more reduced
      in the SHR than in the NWR preparations. Relaxation of NA and K+ contracted
      preparations was induced by wash-out of the contractile agents, by addition of
      nifedipine 2.9 X 10(-8)M, and by introduction of a Ca++-free medium. After wash
      out of NA, relaxation was slower in SHR than in NWR vessels. Relaxation induced
      by nifedipine and Ca++-free medium was more complete in SHR than in NWR
      preparations. After wash-out of K+, relaxation was more rapid in NWR than in SHR
      aortae. Nifedipine and Ca++-free medium induced relaxation was more complete in
      SHR than in NWR preparations. The results suggest that in the SHR aortae
      contraction induced by NA and K+ is more dependent on extracellular Ca++ than is
      the response in the NWR preparations; the SHR vessels are also more sensitive to
      the relaxing effects of nifedipine.

PMID- 696344
TI  - Is moderate ethanol consumption teratogenic in the rat?
AB  - Female Wistar rats were given ethanol in their drinking fluid to cover 20-25% of
      the total calories consumed for 3-4 weeks prior to, during and also after
      pregnancy in some experiments. Soya oil was substituted for ethanol
      isocalorically in the control groups. Apart from a statistically significant
      reduction in litter size based on the number of apparent normal foetuses at
      intrauterine examination, no significant changes in reproductive performance
      could be recorded after ethanol treatment. In the offspring, examined up to 24
      days of age, the body and some viscera weights were statistically significantly
      higher at some stages from 2 to 14 days. The general trend, however, showed that
      there were no significant differences in body, brain, liver, kidney, and heart
      muscle weights between control and ethanol offspring measured in rats between 0
      and 24 days of age. Two gross malformations were recorded among 321 pups of
      ethanol treated mothers, whereas no malformations were found in 444 control pups.
      It was concluded that moderate ethanol consumption by rat mothers for 3-4 weeks
      before and during pregnancy as well as during the suckling period, had no serious
      effects on their reproductive performance and the development of their offspring
      measured by the parameters used in the present investigation.

PMID- 696345
TI  - Transport and binding of lidocaine by lung slices and perfused lung of rats.
AB  - The accumulation of radioisotopically labelled lidocaine was investigated in lung
      slices and perfused lungs of rats. Lidocaine was taken up by rat lung slices
      incubated in an oxygenated physiological solution (pH 7.4) at 37 degrees. 14C
      lidocaine accumulated in lung slices to a much greater extent than did 3H
      sucrose, and the lidocaine space was approximately 7 times that of the
      extracellular space. No metabolism of lidocaine took place during the incubation
      period. The accumulation of lidocaine was inhibited by low temperature, while
      anaerobic conditions had no inhibitor effect. The uptake of lidocaine (0.028 mM)
      was slightly antagonized by high concentrations of Ca2+ (10 mM). The isolated
      perfused lung model was used for studying the pulmonary absorption of lidocaine
      from the vascular bed. Lidocaine was rapidly extracted from the perfusion
      solution and the drug appeared to accumulate in at least two compartments. It
      seems that in the rat lung a portion of the lidocaine taken up had accumulated
      within the cells, while some of it may be fixed to the cell surfaces.

PMID- 696346
TI  - Determination of alcohol in biological samples by headspace gas chromatography
      using a glass capillary column.

PMID- 696347
TI  - The significance of lymphocyte lipid changes after smoking hashish.
AB  - The increase of lymphocyte total lipids and phospholipids after smoking hashish,
      indicates either a lipid transfer from their site of production after smoking the
      drug or a mobilization of their biosynthetic mechanism in the lymphocyte. A
      fluctuation of individual phospholipid concentrations after "smoking" is related
      to the influence of certain hashish compounds on the various biosynthetic
      pathways of phospholipids in lymphocytes. Changes in phosphatidylcholine,
      phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylserine are related to a possible fluctuation
      of the overall immune ability of the lymphocyte, by affecting the lymphocyte
      membrane enzyme mechanisms.

PMID- 696348
TI  - A study on the fate of curcumin in the rat.
AB  - The uptake, distribution and excretion of curcumin in Sprague-Dawley rats has
      been studied. When administered orally in a dose of 1 g/kg, curcumin was excreted
      in the faeces to about 75%, while negligible amounts of curcumin appeared in the
      urine. Measurements of blood plasma levels and biliary excretion showed that
      curcumin was poorly absorbed from the gut. No apparent toxic effects were seen
      after doses of up to 5 g/kg. When intravenously injected or when added to the
      perfusate of the isolated liver, curcumin was actively transported into bile,
      against concentration gradients of several hundred times. The major part of the
      drug was however metabolized. In suspensions of isolated hepatocytes or liver
      microsomes 90% of the added curcumin was metabolized within 30 min. In view of
      the poor absorption, rapid metabolism and excretion of curcumin, it is unlikely
      that substantial concentrations of curcumin occur in the body after ingestion.

PMID- 696349
TI  - A fine structural study of liver (littoral) cells of methylmercury fed Japanese
      quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica).
AB  - Tissues of Japanese quails were subjected to electron microscopical study. The
      birds had received 0-8 ppm methylmercury added to their diets for 6 weeks. The
      ultrastructural changes in the littoral cells of the liver were swollen
      mitochondria, with dilatation of the endoplasmic reticulum, loss of ribosomes
      from the rough endoplasmic reticulum and an increase in the number of vesicles in
      the cytoplasm. The nuclear membrane in some littoral cells became dilated, and
      the nuclear chromatin was condensed. The physiological effect of the destruction
      of the littoral cells is discussed.

PMID- 696351
TI  - Nervous control of blood flow in the dental pulp in dogs.

PMID- 696350
TI  - Influence of intravenously administered catecholamines on cerebral oxygen
      consumption and blood flow in the rat.
AB  - In order to study effects of catecholamines on cerebral oxygen consumption
      (CMRo2) and blood flow (CBF), rats maintained on 75% N2O and 25% O2 were infused
      i.v. with noradrenaline (2, 5, or 8 microgram.kg-1.min-1) or adrenaline (2 or 8
      microgram.kg-1.min-1) for 10 min before CBF and CMRo2 were measured. In about 50%
      of animals infused with 2--8 microgram.kg-1.min-1 of noradrenaline, CMRo2 (and
      CBF) rose. However, there was no dose-dependent response, and CMRo2 did not
      exceed 150% of control. The effects of noradrenaline in a dose of 5 microgram.kg
      1.min-1 on CMRo2 and CBF were blocked by propranolol (2.5 mg.kg-1). In animals
      infused with adrenaline (8 microgram.kg-1.min-1) CMRo2 was doubled and, in many,
      CBF rose 4- to 6-fold. It is concluded that, when given in sufficient amounts,
      catecholamines have pronounced effects on cerebral metabolism and blood flow, the
      effects of adrenaline on CMRo2 and CBF resembling those observed in status
      epilepticus.

PMID- 696352
TI  - Frequency selectivity of the peripheral auditory analyzer studied using broad
      band noise.
AB  - The sharpness of the frequency tuning of single auditory nerve fibers was studied
      in the rat on the basis of responses to broad band noise. The cross-spectra
      between the sound stimulus and the sound-to-stimulus locked discharge rate were
      used as estimates of the transfer functions of the peripheral auditory analyzer.
      The sharpness of the tuning obtained in that way was measured as Q3dB and Q10dB.
      It was found that these Q-values decreased with increasing stimulus intensity but
      that the decrease was different when it was based on measurements at 3 dB points
      of the obtained transfer functions compared with measuring it at 10 dB points.
      The change in width was less for fibers with low CF. In all the fibers studied
      the frequency of maximal response (CF) decreased with increasing sound intensity.
      The implication of these findings for pitch perception and for noise induced
      hearing loss is discussed.

PMID- 696353
TI  - Ultrastructural evidence for an innervation of epithelial enterochromaffine cells
      in the guinea pig duodenum.
AB  - The innervation of the duodenal enterochromaffine cells (E.C.) of the guinea pig
      was studied at the electronmicroscopic level. Pretreatment with 5-OH-dopamine was
      performed to visualize catecholaminergic (CA) nervous elements. Near the basement
      membrane of all examined E.C. in the crypts, bundles of unmyelinated nerve
      processes were observed, only partly ensheathed in a Schwann cell cover. At least
      4 types of processes could be observed. 1) Boutons containing only small clear
      vesicles, probably cholinergic fibres; 2) boutons with small clear vesicles, and
      in addition large (greater than 200 nm) granules with a dense matrix (P-type
      fibres); 3) boutons with small electron-dense vesicles, probably CA-fibres; and
      4) processes with few vesicles but having the appearance of dendrites. No typical
      synaptic arrangements were observed, but the minimal distance between the E.C.
      and the nerve bundles was 150 to 250 nm, thus well within the functional limits
      of the "autonomic gap". Thus epithelial E.C. may be influenced by several types
      of nervous elements, including CA-fibres.

PMID- 696354
TI  - Efferent innervation of the small intestine by adrenergic neurons from the
      cervical sympathetic and stellate ganglia, studied by retrograde transport of
      peroxidase.
AB  - The nervous pathways between the small intestine of cat and guinea pig and
      various sympathetic ganglia were investigated by the retrograde horse-radish
      peroxidase (HRP) technique. HRP was injected at multiple sites in the wall of the
      duodenum and the first third of the jejunum. At 1--5 days after the injections,
      the HRP reaction product was searched for in various sympathetic ganglia. Not
      only the coeliac and nodose ganglia, but also the superior cervical, medial
      cervical, stellate and thoracic ganglia contained HRP-positive nerve cells.
      Crushing the cervical vagal nerve prevented the occurrence of HRP-reaction in the
      cervical ganglia, indicating that the HRP was transported from the gut to the
      cervical ganglia via axons in the vagal nerve. The results demonstrate that the
      sympathetic ganglia in the neck (sup, and med. cerv. ganglia and stellate ggl.)
      send efferent fibres to the small intestine.

PMID- 696355
TI  - The influence of scrotal warming on testicular blood flow and endocrine function
      in the rat.
AB  - The effects of local heating on testicular and epididymal vascular resistance in
      sodium pentobarbitone anesthetized rats was measured with a microsphere
      technique. When exposing the left scrotum to 33 and 37 degrees C for 30 min, no
      significant effects on blood flows were observed in comparison to those of the
      right side. Exposure to 41 degrees C caused a significant (p less than 0.05)
      decrease in vascular resistance of both testes and epididymides. The response was
      more pronounced at 43 degrees C. The Leydig cell function, as judged from the
      testosterone concentrations in plasma and testicular tissue after LH stimulation,
      was significantly (p less than 0.01) depressed at 41 and 43 degrees C. It was
      concluded that the impaired Leydig cell function was unrelated to testicular
      blood flow.

PMID- 696356
TI  - [Search for anticholinergic agents. VII. Synthesis of 2-aminomethyl-, 4
      aminomethyl- and 2,4-bis(aminomethyl)-1,3-dioxalanes].

PMID- 696357
TI  - [Studies on benzimidazole derivatives. VIII. Reactions of 1-(beta-hydroxy-gamma
      choloropropyl)-benzimidazole and its alkyl derivatives with various nucleophilic
      reagents].

PMID- 696358
TI  - [Studies on pyrazine derivatives. IX. Synthesis and tuberculostatic activity of 2
      pyrazinylbenzimidazoles].

PMID- 696359
TI  - Synthesis and properties of cyclic derivatives of phenylsuccinic acid. VII. New
      phenylsuccinimide derivatives with anticonvulsant properties.

PMID- 696360
TI  - [Various 2-cyanobenzimidazole reactions].

PMID- 696362
TI  - [Aminoalkanol derivatives of 1,4-benzodioxane].

PMID- 696361
TI  - [Semisynthetic penicillins. XVII. Acetylmethyl esters of alpha carboxybenzyl
      penicillin].

PMID- 696363
TI  - [Drug decomposition kinetics. XLIX. Kinetics of auto-oxidation of drotaverine
      hydrochloride in the solid phase].

PMID- 696364
TI  - [Indirect micromethods of aryl- and diarylhydroxyacetic acids determination by UV
      spectrophotometry. III. Assays of N-alkylheterocyclic esters of
      diphenylhydroxyacetic acid].

PMID- 696365
TI  - [Colorimetric method of ammonium bromide determination with simultaneous
      determination of sodium, potassium and calcium bromides in various pharmaceutical
      preparations].

PMID- 696366
TI  - [Determination of chlortetracycline in basic solutions].

PMID- 696367
TI  - [Medicinal preparations of suprarenal gland hormones. V. Methods of preparing
      microcrystalline suspensions of testosterone injections].

PMID- 696368
TI  - [Physicochemical and rheological studies of inorganic suspensions. II. Effects of
      surfactant polarity].

PMID- 696369
TI  - [Study of benzine extracts of various Umbelliferae fruits. I. Sterols and fatty
      acids of Archangelica officinalis Hoffm. fruits].

PMID- 696370
TI  - [Bioavailability of furosemide in humans].

PMID- 696371
TI  - [Quantitative and qualitative aspects of the interaction of antibiotics and
      proteins. III. Comparative studies on the affinity of various selected cationic
      and anionic antibiotics to blood serum albumin].

PMID- 696372
TI  - [Preliminary pharmacological studies on 11 new imides of
      endomethylenetetrahydrophthalic acid derivatives].

PMID- 696373
TI  - [Effects of radioprotective agents on carbohydrate metabolism in mice].

PMID- 696374
TI  - "Psychogenic needs" in patients with affective disorders.
AB  - To investigate the occurrence of different psychogenic needs or groups of needs,
      118 consecutive out-patients with previous depressive disorders were asked to
      complete the Cesarec and Marke Personality Inventory; 103 completed it. Strict
      diagnostic criteria were used in subgrouping the series which thus consisted of
      unipolar depressive psychosis (UP), 26 patients; bipolar depressive psychosis
      (BP), 16; unclassified depression (NUD), 8; and reactio neurotico-depressive
      (RND), 15. BP distinguished themselves from the other groups by a tendency to
      have a reduced need of approval, dependency, guilt feelings and ego conflicts and
      a stronger wish to dominate and lead. These results are in line with earlier
      findings. The NUD group was small but tended to have extreme scores, i.e. a
      particularly weak need to dominate and to be in the centre but also to be cared
      for.

PMID- 696375
TI  - Traffic accidents involving psychiatric patients. Characteristics of accidents
      involving drivers who have been admitted to Danish psychiatric departments.
AB  - A nationwide study of psychiatric in-patients driving motor vehicles and involved
      in accidents causing bodily injury in the years 1972--74 was undertaken. Compared
      with drivers in general involved in accidents causing bodily injury, drivers with
      a psychiatric record were characterized by an over-representation of women. A
      preponderance of psychiatric drivers in the age group 25--54 was observed. About
      3% of drivers with a psychiatric record were involved in two or more accidents
      during the period studied. A greater proportion of the psychiatrically diseased
      group drove stolen vehicles, without valid licences, and were found not to have
      used safety belts at the time of the accident. Occurrence of injury was more
      frequent among the diseased drivers. They were more frequently alcohol
      intoxicated and with a higher blood alcohol level. The most commonly encountered
      diagnostic groups were personality disorder and transitory reactions.

PMID- 696376
TI  - Life events and primary affective illness.
AB  - Life events at the onset of primary affective illness were assessed in 183
      patients with primary affective disorder who were attending a research lithium
      clinic. About 50% of patients recalled significant life events in the 3-month
      interval preceding their initial affective episode. Family history data of those
      patients who reported life events were not significantly different from those who
      did not report life events at onset. Furthermore, there were no significant
      differences among patients classified as bipolar or unipolar regarding reporting
      of life events at onset of illness. These data suggest that the delineation of a
      subgroup of patients with "reactive" primary affective illness is not supported
      by a decreased familial load for affective disorder in their relatives.

PMID- 696377
TI  - Free-thyroxine index in psychotic and neurotic depression.
AB  - The mean free-thyroxine index value of a group of 25 psychotic depressive
      patients was found to be significantly lower than that of an age- and sex-matched
      group of 20 neurotic depressives (P less than 0.01). These findings support the
      view that psychotic and neurotic depression are differentiated not only with
      respect to their clinical expression, but also on account of their biological
      substrate. Comparison of free-thyroxine index values of each group of patients
      with a group of 240 euthyroid subjects hospitalized for various somatic illnesses
      revealed a lower mean free-thyroxine index value in the group of psychotic
      depressives (P less than 0.001). The neurotic depressives were not differentiated
      from the group of euthyroid subjects. The decreased thyroid activity in psychotic
      depression might be interpreted in the light of recent findings implicating
      catecholamines in both the release of hypothalamic hormones and the neurochemical
      mechanism of the affective disorders.

PMID- 696378
TI  - Psychomotor seizures, arterio-venous malformation and the olfactory reference
      syndrome. A case report.
AB  - A case history is reported of a 44-year-old man with a 6-year history of
      psychomotor seizures. For the past year he had described persistent olfactory
      hallucinations of an unpleasant nature which he referred to himself. In many
      respects these symptoms conform to the pattern observed in the olfactory
      reference syndrome, a recently described but apparently quite discrete
      psychiatric disorder; there were, however, certain atypical features. At a later
      stage unilateral anosmia was noted. Radiological examination then demonstrated an
      arterio-venous malformation in the right frontal lobe. The relationship between
      the malformation and the psychomotor seizures, and the implications that each has
      for the development of an olfactory reference syndrome are fully discussed.

PMID- 696379
TI  - Lithium concentrations in saliva, plasma and red blood cells of patients given
      lithium acetate.
AB  - Lithium concentrations in saliva, plasma and red blood cells were measured in: 1)
      six hospitalized patients under long-term lithium therapy, at 2, 5, 9 and 24
      hours after oral doses of 24 mEq Li acetate and 2 or 12 hours after 8 mEq Li
      acetate; and 2) 10 outpatients under chronic lithium treatment at two occasions 8
      days apart. With changing plasma concentrations, [Li] saliva varied without any
      notable time lag. [Li] saliva was always much higher than [Li] plasma. The ratio
      [Li] saliva/ [Li] plasma water averaged 3.2 +/- 0.2 in 62 determinations, but
      varied widely at different times after oral lithium in the same individuals and
      less widely between different individuals. "Prediction" of plasma lithium
      concentration from measured [Li] saliva appears hazardous, and may provide
      reliable indications only if [Li] saliva is measured repeatedly. Salivary lithium
      concentrations were not correlated with either potassium or sodium
      concentrations. Lithium concentrations in red blood cells were always lower than
      in plasma: [Li] red blood cell water/ [Li] plasma water averaged 0.37 +/- 0.03.
      With changing plasma concentrations, rise and fall of red blood cell lithium
      lagged considerably behind plasma changes. This resulted in a rise of the red
      blood cell/plasma concentration ratio from a very low value 2 hours after an oral
      dose to a rather high value 24 hours after an oral dose.

PMID- 696380
TI  - Biogenic amine metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with affective
      disorders.

PMID- 696381
TI  - Who shall be hospitalized? Some social and psychological correlates of
      alternative dispositions of the mentally ill.
AB  - This study conducted in Cali, Colombia, focuses on the question of why persons
      sharing similar background characteristics and even the same diagnosis often
      receive varying prescriptive evaluations which lead to alternative types of
      psychiatric care: hospitalization, outpatient care and no systematic treatment at
      all. An index group of 70 hospitalized patients is compared with 53 outpatients
      and 30 "nonpatients" matched for sex, age, marital status, social class and
      diagnosis. Interviews were conducted with patients, relatives and the admitting
      doctors. A selected group of variables representing perceptions, opinions and
      attitudes of the relatives, subjective evaluations of the patients and
      perceptions of the admitting physician are examined in terms of their association
      with the three types of care. It is concluded that interpersonal factors exert a
      significant influence on the process of assigning cases to alternative types of
      psychiatric care. Typical profiles for each category are outlined.

PMID- 696382
TI  - The scientific foundation of anti-psychiatry.
AB  - Anti-psychiatry has exerted a substantial influence on the thoughts of workers in
      the field of mental hygiene; on those of the psychiatrically trained, but even
      much more on those without psychiatric training. Consequently it seemed important
      to me to investigate the strength of the foundation of this school of thought.
      This has been the objective of this study. The point of crystallization of anti
      psychiatry is the labelling theory on the origin of deviant behaviour. The
      scientific status of anti-psychiatry stands or falls with that of the labelling
      theory. Since this theory has not been formulated in verifiable hypotheses, I
      ventured to formulate "theses", and then tested these against empirical obtained
      data. The results of this study were largely negative. The empirical material
      does not support the labelling theory, and in many cases even contradicts it.
      Consequently anti-psychiatry--as a model to explain the development of
      psychological disorders--has not a leg to stand on. The labelling theory has had
      great merits as a "sensitizing theory". It has given momentum to innovative
      tendencies in psychiatry. Now that it has proved to be untenable on its principal
      points, however, it should be abandoned. It has become a rubber check, which has
      no scientific buying-power.

PMID- 696383
TI  - Review of the relationship between obsession and depersonalization.
AB  - Depersonalization is discussed and a brief outline of the primary symptoms is
      presented. The relationship between obsessionalism and depersonalization is
      reviewed in the literature, and subsequent similarities are presented. The
      intellectual obsessive depersonalization syndrome is postulated as a variant, and
      also as an exposition of what might occur in many other cases of
      depersonalization. Finally, a picture is presented which takes into account a
      strong component of obsessionalism in both the etiology and course of
      depersonalization.

PMID- 696384
TI  - Development of lateral asymmetry in the perception of sequentially touched
      fingers.

PMID- 696385
TI  - Hemispheric asymmetry for dichotically-presented chords in musicians and non
      musicians, males and females.

PMID- 696386
TI  - Proteinuria following nephroangiography.  III. Role of osmolality and
      concentration of contrast medium in renal arteries in dogs.
AB  - Nephroangiography in dogs, with renal artery injections of Urografin 76%,
      resulted in massive albuminuria. Unilateral nephroangiography causes massive
      albuminuria only from the injected kidney. Significantly less albuminuria was
      caused by renal artery injections of a corresponding volume of a sodium chloride
      solution of equal osmolality or intravenous injections of twice that volume of
      Urografin 76%. Thus, the hypertonicity of the contrast medium is not the main
      cause of the albuminuria. The degree of albuminuria is related to the
      concentration of medium in the renal arteries and not to the amount excreted.

PMID- 696387
TI  - Computer tomography in acute pancreatitis.

PMID- 696388
TI  - Roentgen stereophotogrammetry for evaluation of liver volume and shape.
AB  - Model experiments and tests on 2 patients were performed to probe the feasibility
      of roentgen stereophotogrammetry for evaluating variations in shape and volume of
      the liver. The surface of the object was marked with indicators, and the three
      dimensional marker coordinates were determined. The model experiments demonstrate
      a good correlation between true volume and the volumes defined by the indicators,
      and also demonstrate the possibility of localizing an expansivity. The
      variability of the volume of a polyhedron defined by 15 liver indicators with
      stage of breathing is discussed.

PMID- 696389
TI  - Roentgenologic appearance of fibromuscular dysplasia.
AB  - Clinical and roentgenologic findings in 100 hypertensive patients with
      fibromuscular disease of the renal arteries are presented and compared with the
      experiences obtained from previously reported large series. Frequency of
      bilateral disease and abnormal findings at urography, involvement of segmental
      arteries and occurrence of extrarenal manifestations are reported. A striking
      female preponderance is noted, and there is evidence that the disease inflicts
      middle-aged rather than young women.

PMID- 696390
TI  - Angiography in vesical and perivesical neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions.
AB  - Seven cases of neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions involving the urinary
      bladder and perivesical tissues are presented. Each of the described lesions may
      have nonspecific angiographic appearances and hence angiography does not permit a
      specific diagnosis to be made. The primary object of performing angiography is to
      localize the lesion and identify the vascular supply.

PMID- 696391
TI  - Displaced renal lobe simulating tumour.
AB  - Three cases of renal pseudotumour are presented, with the radiographic
      appearances.  At urography, a mass is demonstrated. Angiography reveals slight
      displacement of the interlobar arteries, a normal venous phase, but no tumor
      vessels. The nephrographic effect is similar in the mass and in the renal
      parenchyma. The nephroscintigraphy is likely to be normal. The main differential
      diagnoses are mentioned.

PMID- 696393
TI  - Malignancy of colonic polyps. Diagnosis and management.
AB  - The risk of malignant degeneration of colonic polyps has traditionally rested on
      various roentgenographic criteria such as broad base, irregular surface and size
      larger than 1 cm. With the aim of facilitating the choice of treatment of colonic
      polyps, an appraisal is made of the morphology of 200 polyps removed from 154
      patients.  The results of barium enema and double contrast techniques are
      compared with those obtained at colonoscopy. Radiography is found to have
      considerable shortcomings in evaluation of the appearance of the polyp. As the
      correlation of the gross morphology of the polyp of histology is weak endoscopic
      polypectomy should be performed whenever possible.

PMID- 696392
TI  - Experimental colonic tumours in the rat. II. Double contrast examination and
      microscopy.
AB  - Experimentally induced tumours in the colon of the rats were examined with a
      double contrast method.  Carcinogenic agents were administered to 114 rats. The
      development of the colonic tumors was recorded by repeated examinations. In the
      dead rats a thorough necropsy was performed. The radiographic and microscopic
      results were correlated and the radiographic appearances of colonic tumours were
      evaluated.  The diagnostic accuracy of the radiographic method in distinguishing
      between benign and malignant lesions was 92 per cent.

PMID- 696394
TI  - Soft tissue abnormalities at fracture of the scaphoid.
AB  - In a retrospective examination of the films from 53 cases with fracture of the
      scaphoid it was possible to demonstrate soft tissue alterations within the
      scaphoid fossa. All these cases were examined adequately, i.e. with correct
      projections and satisfactory penetrating exposure. A somewhat higher quality of
      the views was obtained on industrial film.

PMID- 696395
TI  - Image distortion in narrow beam rotation radiography. A mathematical analysis.
AB  - A general mathematical analysis of the image distortion in narrow beam rotation
      radiography has been performed. Distortion effects are often evident in panoramic
      images exposed in clinical practice. It is found that in spite of this general
      experience panoramic images, exposed with the aid of a rotating narrow beam, are
      reliable for ordinary clinical demands when the object morphology is to be
      assessed. This statement is valid provided that the object has been properly
      positioned at the exposure.

PMID- 696396
TI  - Medichrome film as an alternative to silver-free recording systems.
AB  - A shortage of silver is forcing film manufacturers to lower the silver content of
      radiographic films.  No further lowering seems possible without film quality
      being adversely affected. Various ways to solve the silver problem in the future
      are discussed and colour radiography is regarded as one solution since it makes
      possible a high degree of immediate recovery of silver.  The feasibility and
      proper use of the only colour film available, Medichrome, is discussed.  Suitable
      screens in order to compensate for the low sensitivity of the film without loss
      of image quality and a strong light source containing a monochromatic sodium lamp
      for inspection of dense areas are recommended.

PMID- 696397
TI  - Quantitative lymphoscintigraphy for detection of metastases to the internal
      mammary lymph nodes. Biokinetics of 99Tcm-sulphur colloid uptake and correlation
      with microscopy.
AB  - Dymanic quantitative activity determination and accurate scintigraphic
      localization of parasternal lymph nodes were obtained from antero-posterior
      measurements with a scintillation camera. The scintigraphic observations were
      compared with microscopy of the nodes removed at operation. The 99Tcm-sulphur
      colloid indicated a high frequency (7/16) of absent uptake in normal lymph nodes.
      However, the technique used indicates that a similar technique with smaller
      particle size may be a useful method for proper classification of the clinical
      stage of carcinoma of the breast.

PMID- 696398
TI  - Dose and dose rate in 192Ir interstitial irradiation for carcinoma of the tongue.
AB  - Seventy-three patients with carcinoma of the tongue were treated with 192Ir
      implantation. The total dose for control of the primary lesion without late
      radiation injury could be fixed to about 70 Gy with a variation of the dose rate
      between 0.25 and 1 Gy per hour. Additional external irradiation, without
      reduction of the dose from the interstitial irradiation, involves a high risk of
      local necrosis.

PMID- 696399
TI  - Effects of irradiation on the immune function in patients with mammary, pulmonary
      or head and neck carcinoma.
AB  - The immune functions in patients with mammary, pulmonary, or head and neck tumors
      were investigated after irradiation. The treatment caused an initial lymphopenia
      and longlasting depression in the lymphocyte proliferative responses to PHA, Con
      A and PPD. The percentages and the ratio of E and EAC rosette forming cells
      remained unchanged.

PMID- 696400
TI  - The Paris system in interstitial radiation therapy.
AB  - As a result of almost 20 years' experience using 192Ir wires in interstitial
      radiation therapy, a new method of dose calculation has been evolved, which is
      especially suitable for the techniques employed. Because this system was
      developed and brought into routine use in Paris, it was called the Paris System.
      Its basic principles are outlined in this report and the manner in which it is
      used in clinical practise is explained.

PMID- 696401
TI  - Carcinoma of the eyelid.
AB  - A series of 274 cases with eyelid carcinoma, 92 per cent irradiated, was
      analyzed. The results show that the majority of eyelid carcinomas can primarily
      be irradiated with satisfactory curative and cosmetic results, but operation may
      be considered in larger and deeper infiltrating tumours. Recurrence after primary
      irradiation should be operated.

PMID- 696402
TI  - Prognostic significance of histologic subdivision of Hodgkin's disease nodular
      sclerosis.
AB  - Sixty-seven patients with nodular sclerosis (Hodgkin's disease stages I and II)
      have been subclassified according to the cellular composition and the amount of
      fibrosis. Predominance of mature lymphocytes and rarity of Reed Sternberg cells
      were associated with less extensive disease at presentation and more favourable
      outcome. A less definite correlation to the amount of fibrosis was found.

PMID- 696403
TI  - Scintigraphic estimation of thyroid volume and dose distribution at treatment
      with 131I.
AB  - A scintigraphic method for estimation of thyroid volume and dose distribution for
      131I in the thyroid gland is presented using a gamma camera with pinhole
      collimator connected to a minicomputer and digital system. The three dimensions
      of each lobe are measured and the volume calculated using the ellipsoid model.
      Problems regarding changes in magnification and sensitivity with object to
      collimator distance have been investigated. The iodine distribution in the
      thyroid gland has been followed for 72 hours after oral administration of 131I in
      25 cases. No significant change in distribution was observed in any of the cases.

PMID- 696404
TI  - Dose distribution around a new flexible afterloading applicator.
AB  - A new afterloading applicatory, together with a computer program, is described. A
      comparison of the calculated and measured dose distribution around different
      applicators shows that in the future the described computer program can be used.
      The development of the new applicator and the computer program increases the
      flexibility of possible dose distribution.

PMID- 696405
TI  - Irradiation of mice pre-treated with radiation protective substances. A
      pathologic and haematologic investigation.
AB  - CBA male mice were irradiated with single doses of 7.1, 8.6, 10.0, 11.4 or 12.8
      Gy, respectively. A protective substance, 2,2-Dithiobis(N-[(1
      adamantyl)methyl]acetamidine)-dihydrochloride, here called S-75, was administered
      orally, 45 min before start of irradiation. Cysteamine-HCl was used as a
      reference protective substance. Pathologic and haematologic examination of
      irradiated animals was performed. Cysteamine had somewhat better protective
      abilities than did S-75, but the latter had some other properties which indicate
      its possible usefulness in practice.

PMID- 696406
TI  - Time factor in PHA responsiveness of human blood lymphocytes after in vitro
      irradiation.
AB  - Human blood lymphocytes were irradiated in vitro prior to or following PHA
      stimulation. Radiation dose-response profiles indicate that PHA-pretreatment of
      cells has no protective effect. PHA-reactivity of the cells decreases with
      increase of the time interval between irradiation and subsequent PHA stimulation.

PMID- 696407
TI  - Patient exposures and radiation risks in Swedish diagnostic radiology.
AB  - Results are reported of measurements around 1974 on a thousand patient at 13
      Swedish hospitals, and additionally at several photofluorographic and dental
      installations. Energy imparted as well as doses to the thyroid, breast, lung,
      bone marrow, ovary and testis have been calculated for many types of examination.
      Collective doses have been calculated and risk estimates made. The energy
      imparted corresponds to an annual mean body dose to the Swedish population of
      about 1 mGy (100 mrad), and the genetically significant dose was about the same
      as the 1955 total of 0.4 mGy; in both cases the uncertainty of the estimate is
      about +/- 50%. The possibility of dose reduction by a factor of 2 or more using
      available techniques is demonstrated. The risk of future serious injury is
      estimated to 0.0002 cases per joule of energy imparted to the patient.

PMID- 696408
TI  - Carcinoma of the thyroid. A survey of 227 cases.

PMID- 696409
TI  - Radiation response modified by degradable starch microspheres. Experiments on the
      rat's foot.
AB  - Skin reaction in the rat's foot was used as an experimental method to evaluate
      the protective potential of profound temporary hypoxia against roentgen radiation
      produced by a linear accelerator. Hypoxia was induced by intraarterial injection
      of degradable starch microspheres. The irradiation dose needed to evoke a certain
      reaction in the hypoxic feet was 2.0 times the dose giving the same reaction in a
      control group. The results point towards a new technique of inducing local
      hypoxia in healthy tissues which need to be protected in an irradiation field.

PMID- 696410
TI  - General equations for the calculations of biologic effect ratios for parallel
      opposing fields.
AB  - The tolerance level of normal tissue, which is the concept of NSD, is the
      limiting factor in radiation therapy. It is well known that the two parallel
      opposing fields should be treated at each session instead of alternating one
      field per session. The biologic effect ratios between the normal tissue at the
      depth of maximum build-up and the midline for parallel opposing fields were
      published by ELLIS et coll. General formulae are now presented providing biologic
      effect ratio at any two locations in terms of per cent depth doses in the
      treatment volume for parallel opposing fields. Examples at the depth of maximum
      build-up and certain depth of the connective tissue at the tumor site are also
      given.

PMID- 696411
TI  - Dosimetry intercomparisons for evaluation of late effects of ionizing radiation.
AB  - In 1971, 1973 and 1976 intercomparisons of absorbed dose and dose distribution
      over a mouse phantom for roentgen irradiation were performed as part of the
      program of the European Late Effects Project Group (EULEP). Sixteen institutes
      from 8 countries participated in the sessions of the third intercomparison. In
      general, progress has been made concerning accuracy and precision of the
      dosimetry; in 2 cases, discrepancies could be resolved after additional
      measurements. With regard to the dose distribution over a mouse phantom, the
      results are not satisfactory; 4 out of 15 participants are still unable to
      perform uniform irradiations. The necessity of repeated intercomparisons is
      clearly demonstrated to allow a comparison of biologic results obtained in
      cooperative research programs.

PMID- 696412
TI  - Image intensifier tomofluorography. Experimental evaluation and clinical
      potentialities.
AB  - Caesium iodide image intensifier tubes have improved the image quality of 70- and
      100-mm fluorograms. It is possible to produce tomograms with satisfactory
      resolution ability in 100-mm film. The geometry and distortion of the tomographic
      image recorded by an image intensifier with spherical input phosphor are
      presented from the theoretical and practical points of view. It is concluded that
      100-mm tomofluorograph is a useful method, particularly in connection with TV
      tomofluoroscopy and TV tomometry.

PMID- 696413
TI  - Treatment of diuretic-resistant fluid retention with ultrafiltration.
AB  - Nine patients with diuretic-resistant edema, secondary to congestive heart
      failure, liver cirrhosis, or nephrotic syndrome, were treated with
      ultrafiltration using high water flux dialyzers. Access to the blood stream was
      obtained by femoral vein catheterization. As much as 8.3 kg of fluid were removed
      in 3--4 hours with only transient decline in blood pressure. The procedure was
      well tolerated and yielded immediate symptomatic relief. The potential for
      restoration of an edema-free state in patients with diuretic-resistant edema
      suggests that further experience with this technique is justified.

PMID- 696414
TI  - Influence of sodium intake on hydrochlorothiazide-induced changes in blood
      pressure, serum electrolytes, renin and aldosterone in essential hypertension.
AB  - To determine the influence of dietary sodium intake on the effects of
      hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) on blood pressure (BP), serum electrolytes, renin and
      aldosterone, nine male patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension were
      studied during the following therapeutic regimes: 1) sodium restriction alone (50
      mmol/day), 2) sodium restriction combined with HCT (50 MG TWICE DAILY), 3) HCT
      alone, and 4) sodium restriction combined with HCT. Low sodium diet alone and HCT
      alone lowered BP to the same extent. The combination of HCT and sodium
      restriction had no extra effect on supine BP, but elicited complaints of
      dizziness and weakness in each patient, and overt orthostatic hypotension in
      three cases. Sodium restriction during HCT treatment caused hyponatraemia and
      aggravated hypokalaemia. Hyponatraemia could not be accounted for solely by
      changes in cumulative sodium balance. Plasma renin concentration rose markedly
      during the combined treatment. Plasma aldosterone was normal during HCT alone,
      but elevated when HCT was combined with sodium restriction. These results cast
      some doubt on the therapeutic value of prescribing a low sodium diet to patients
      with essential hypertension treated with thiazide diuretics. Overactivity of the
      renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system during this regime might explain both the
      lack of a beneficial effect on BP and the adverse influence on serum potassium.

PMID- 696415
TI  - Hypertensive eye ground changes. Prevalence, relation to blood pressure and
      prognostic importance. The study of men born in 1913.

PMID- 696416
TI  - Oesophageal function and coronary angiogram in patients with disabling chest
      pain.
AB  - Sixty-four patients with a history of disabling chest pain belonging to groups
      III or IV classified according to the NYHA criteria were examined with
      oesophageal function tests, coronary angiography and bicycle ergometry and also
      answered a symptom questionnaire. At the exercise test, 52 had effort angina; 45
      (89%) of them had a pthological coronary angiogram and 22 (42%) had signs of
      oesophageal dysfunction (OD). OD as the single possible etiological factor for
      typical effort angina therefore seemed unlikely. Chest pain was absent or
      atypical at the exercise test in 12 patients, 11 (92%) of whom had signs of OD.
      This incidence is significantly higher (p less than 0.01) than that found in the
      patients with effort-related chest pain. Five (42%) of the 12 patients with
      atypical chest pain at the exercise test had a pathological coronary angiogram,
      an incidence which is significantly lower (p less than 0.001) than that found in
      the group with effort-related chest pain. In patients with a history of disabling
      chest pain but with atypical chest pain in connection with the exercise test, OD
      was more frequent than coronary disease and therefore more likely to have caused
      the symptoms.

PMID- 696417
TI  - Effect of nifedipine (Adalat) on coronary haemodynamics in patients with coronary
      arteriosclerotic disease.
AB  - Effects of the new Ca++ antagonist nifedipine (Adalat) on coronary haemodynamics
      were studied in 8 patients with documented ischaemic heart disease. The
      continuous infusion thermodilution technique was used to measure cardiac venous
      blood flow. Sublingual application of 10 mg nifedipine caused a significant
      increase (16%) in myocardial blood flow and a decrease (18%) in coronary
      arteriolar resistance at rest, but not during a submaximal atrial pacing test.
      There was no change in coronary arteriovenous oxygen difference, myocardial
      oxygen consumption, oxygen consumption per unit of heart rate blood pressure
      index or left ventricular efficiency index. The effects on the coronary
      haemodynamics are discussed in relation to the simultaneous changes in general
      haemodynamics. Systolic aortic pressure was slightly reduced, significantly only
      at rest, while peripheral vascular resistance decreased and cardiac output
      increased also during atrial pacing. No change in free fatty acid metabolism was
      observed. It is concluded that nifedipine is a mild coronary vasodilator. No
      effect was observed on myocardial oxygen demand. The oxygen cost of left
      ventricular work was unchanged by the drug both at rest and during the submaximal
      stress test.

PMID- 696418
TI  - Renin release in relation to plasma noradrenaline during supine exercise in
      cardiac patients.
AB  - Plasma renin activity in the brachial artery and in the renal vein together with
      arterial noradrenaline concentration were determined repeatedly during and after
      10 min of dynamic exercise in eight cardiac patients. Arterial renin increased
      slightly during exercise and gradually returned to control level after exercise.
      Renal vein renin increased markedly during exercise and returned to the resting
      value immediately after exercise, similarly to the changes in plasma
      noradrenaline and heart rate. A close temporal relationship between the changes
      in the renal veno-arterial renin difference, plasma noradrenaline and heart rate
      strongly suggests that the sympathetic nervous system is a major determinant of
      renin release in man during exercise.

PMID- 696419
TI  - Dialysis fistulas and cardiac failure.
AB  - A haemodialysis fistula may be a factor in the development of cardiac failure,
      and surgical reduction of fistula blood flow can improve the condition. We have
      investigated 6 patients with dialysis fistulas and closed the fistula in one of
      them, with marked improvement of cardiac failure. It is unlikely that a
      peripheral dialysis fistula can cause cardiac failure by itself, but it may be a
      contributing factor when the cardiac reserve is reduced due to other causes.

PMID- 696420
TI  - Hemodynamic effects of the cardioselective beta-blocking agent metoprolol in
      acute myocardial infarction. A 24-hour catheterization study.
AB  - Hemodynamic changes were studied in ten patients with uncomplicated transmural
      myocardial infection during 24 hours on beta-blockade. The cardioselective beta
      adrenergic blocking drug metoprolol was injected (15 mg i.v.) within the first 24
      hours after onset of chest pain and was followed by oral therapy (25-50 mg at 6
      hour intervals). There was a decrease in heart rate, systolic BP, and cardiac
      output, which was most marked after the injection. The stroke volume and
      diastolic BP for the whole group of patients remained unchanged. The pulmonary
      artery end diastolic pressure did not change significantly after the injection
      but a continuous fall was obtained in three out of four patients with initially
      elevated values. The preejection period, measured from the ECG and carotid
      pressure curve, as initially short and was prolonged in all patients after
      administration of the beta-blocking drug. It is concluded that the
      cardioselective beta-blocking drug metoprolol may be used in selected patients in
      the acute phase of myocardial infarction without danger of hemodynamic
      deterioration during the first 24 hours of therapy. The selection of patients can
      be based on clinical criteria. In this study signs of left heart failure,
      hypotension, poor peripheral circulation, bradycardia, and AV block were regarded
      as contraindications.

PMID- 696421
TI  - Prognostic implications of ventricular arrhythmias registered before discharge
      and one year after acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - The prognostic weight of ventricular ectopic beats (VEBs) was evaluated in 160
      patients discharged after a CCU-treated acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and
      followed for two years. VEBs were registered prior to discharge by 6 hours of
      telemetry (3 hours during daytime including exercise and 3 hours at night) and
      again one year after the AMI. During the first year of follow-up, 11 patients
      died suddenly and 20 suffered reinfarction. Sixteen (55%) of these had shown
      severe VEBs, i.e. multiform, paired, R-on-T, or ventricular tachycardia, as
      compared to 42 (29%) of the remainder. During the second year of follow-up, eight
      patients suffered reinfarction and five died suddenly. The occurrence of severe
      VEBs prior to discharge was not of prognostic value for the second year per se
      but continued to carry prognostic weight for the first plus the second year. One
      year after the AMI the VEB incidence in 122 survivors without reinfarction
      increased insignificantly from 71 to 78%. VEB severity increased in 43% and
      decreased in 27% and the shift towards severe forms is significant. Severe VEBs
      one year after the AMI carry a prognostic weight for the second follow-up year,
      as 18% of patients with severe VEBs reinfarcted or died suddenly against 5% of
      those with nor or uniform VEBs only. Patients who had severe VEBs both prior to
      discharge and one year later did especially badly.

PMID- 696422
TI  - Serum aminotransferases after low-dose heparin treatment. Short communication.

PMID- 696423
TI  - Homozygous expression of haemophilia B in a heterozygote.
AB  - A case of clinically severe haemophilia B in a woman is described. In 1977 she
      was delivered of a healthy male child, showing that she is heterozygous for the
      haemophilia gene. This seems to be the first report of a proven heterozygote with
      the homozygous expression of severe haemophilia.

PMID- 696424
TI  - Bartter's syndrome without hyperplasia of the juxtaglomerular apparatus, treated
      with indomethacin.
AB  - The present report describes a case of potassium-wasting nephropathy with the
      physiological and endocrinological findings that are typical for Bartter's
      syndrome (BS). However, the renal juxtaglomerular apparatus showed no hyperplasia
      at two renal biopsies two years apart. The short-term (9 days) effect of
      indomethacin in combination with spironolactone was a suppression of
      hyperreninemia and hyperaldosteronism and an increase in vascular sensitivity to
      angiotensin II associated with potassium and sodium retention. Subsequently, on
      indomethacin alone, potassium balance was obtained on a lower level with
      persistent hypokalemia and persistent renal potassium leakage. Hypokalemia
      persisted during long-term (9 months) treatment with indomethacin despite
      normalization of the activity of the renin-aldosterone system. The results
      indicate that indomethacin as long-term treatment may be ineffective in
      maintaining a normal potassium balance in BS.

PMID- 696425
TI  - Ectopic secretion of calcitonin.
AB  - In 7 out of 25 unselected patients (28%) with a malignant disease, the
      circulating calcitonin level had increased. Pentagastrin i.v. gave no elevation
      of the calcitonin level comparable to the response in patients with medullary
      carcinoma of thyroid.

PMID- 696426
TI  - Bone mineral loss during maintenance hemodialysis.
AB  - With the aim of investigating bone mineral loss during maintenance hemodialysis
      (MDH), bone mineral content (BMC) was measured by means of two-dimensional
      scanning photon absorptiometry in 47 chronic renal failure patients on MDH: 13
      females (age range 22-50 years, mean dialysis duration 189 days) and 34 males
      (age range 23-69 years, mean dialysis duration 449 days). Measurements were
      carried out in most patients three times at an interval of 6 months. Initial mean
      BMC values were for both sexes significantly lower than normal, but did not
      correlate to duration of MHD. The longitudinal measurements demonstrated a highly
      significant decrease in BMC with time: the mean BMC values after 6 and 12 months,
      respectively, were for females 95.8 and 93.4% and for males 97.3 and 94.4% of the
      initial values with no significant differences between sexes. The fall in BMC did
      not correlate to duration of MHD, initial BMC value, or age. In some of the
      patients a substantial loss of BMC was observed, and it is suggested that these
      patients in particular may develop server bone disease. A BMC method with high
      precision is mandatory for selection of such patients.

PMID- 696427
TI  - The relation between extra- and intracellular electrolytes in patients with
      hypokalemia and/or diuretic treatment.
AB  - The relation between extra- and intracellular electrolytes has been studied by
      means of percutaneous muscle biopsies in 107 patients with hypokalemia and/or
      treatment with diuretics. No relation was found between the extra- and
      intracellular concentrations of Na or Mg. The serum and muscle contents of K
      correlated weakly. The correlation coefficient tended to be stronger when S
      creatinine was normal, total carbonate was between 25 and 30 mmol/l, muscle Mg
      content was greater than or equal to 3.95 mmol/100 g fat free dry solids, and
      when no treatment was given with digitalis and/or diuretics.

PMID- 696428
TI  - C-reactive protein, C3, C4 and properdin during the Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction
      in early syphilis.
AB  - The occurrence of plasma CRP during the febrile response after the first
      injection of penicillin was followed in 10 patients with early syphilis. An
      increase in CRP was noted after 12 hours, with a maximum after 24 hours. The
      appearance of this acute phase protein could not be correlated to cutaneous
      reaction, increased body temperature or leukocytosis, nor were baseline values of
      CRP correlated to clinical or serological activity of the infection. Patients
      with high levels of CRP prior to treatment suffered the most intense systemic
      reactions. No activation of the complement system during the Jarisch-Herxheimer
      reaction was detected from sequential determinations of C3, C4 and properdin.

PMID- 696429
TI  - Storage of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in tissues following long-term treatment
      with a PVP-containing vasopressin preparation.
AB  - The parenteral use of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) leads to PVP retention in the
      human organism. Four case histories dealing with patients on long-term treatment
      with a PVP-containing vasopressin preparation are presented and the possibility
      of a harmful effect of the PVP storage is discussed. The presence of PVP in
      serum, demonstrated by lipoprotein electrophoresis, is described. Based on the
      literature and the present findings, a withdrawal of PVP-containing preparations
      for injectional purposes is advocated.

PMID- 696430
TI  - Single and multiple beam echocardiography in aortic valve endocarditis. Report of
      three cases.
AB  - Three patients with aortic valve endocarditis were studied. The single beam M
      mode echocardiographic findings comprised the appearance in diastole of a cluster
      of shaggy echoes at the aortic valve in all three patients. Mitral flutter was
      seen in two patients and premature closure of the mitral valve in one patient. At
      multiple beam two-dimensional echocardiography, the echo cluster could in all
      three patients be seen to move perpendicular to the sound beams, ascending into
      the aorta in systole and descending in diastole. At valve replacement,
      vegetations were found that explained the abnormal echo cluster. The multiple
      beam echocardiography facilitated the interpretation of the single beam findings
      and increased the confidence therein. By applying the non-invasive modality of
      echocardiography in these patients with their high risk of embolism, cardiac
      catheterization may possibly be avoided.

PMID- 696431
TI  - Severity of aortic stenosis assessed by carotid pulse recordings and
      phonocardiography.
AB  - The external carotid pulse, the PCG, and the ECG were studied in 26 adult
      patients with valvular aortic stenosis whose systolic peak pressure gradients
      ranged from 18 to 165 mmHg. A significant correlation was found between the
      rapidity of the pulse upstroke, as measured by the T-time, and the location of
      the peak of the systolic murmur during ventricular ejection, on the one hand, and
      the gradient, on the other. The left ventricular ejection time (LVET) related
      directly and the pre-ejection period (PEP) indirectly with the gradient. There
      was a signficant inverse relationship between the PEP/LVET quotient and the
      pressure gradient but this quotient did not classify the patients according to
      the severity of the stenosis as well as the T-time and the location of the peak
      of murmur. When a combination of the T-time, the PEP/LVET, and the  location of
      the peak of the murmur was used in each patient, a good discrimination between
      the patients was achieved. When the pressure gradient was above 50 mmHg, at lease
      one of the measurements was abnormal and when it exceeded 100 mmHg, at least two
      measurements were abnormal. The study further showed that it is possible to
      separate patients with valvular aortic stenosis from those with hypertrophic
      obstructive cardiomyopathy lidiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis) or mitral
      insufficiency on the basis of carotid pulse tracings and PCGs.

PMID- 696432
TI  - Electrocardiographic changes in right ventricular infarction. A case report.
AB  - ST segment elevations in leads CR4R or V4R indicating right ventricular (RV)
      involvement are sometimes seen in patients with acute inferior transmural
      infarction. Whether the RV lesion per se or the concomitant infarction of the
      posterior septum causes this ECG pattern is unknown. We describe a patient with
      anteroseptal transmural infarction who developed unusually marked ST segment
      elevations in lead V4R. At autopsy, extensive old fibrotic infarction was found,
      involving the anterior and lateral RV walls, as well as recent necrosis of the
      interventricular septum. These findings suggest that the ST segment elevation in
      V4R in patients with RV infarction may not be caused by the RV necrosis per se
      but rather by visualization of the posterior septum through the necrotic RV
      myocardium.

PMID- 696433
TI  - Intrahepatic jaundice due to warfarin therapy.

PMID- 696434
TI  - Mycobacterium valentiale sp. nov. A new species of rapidly growing mycobacteria.
AB  - Five strains of rapidly growing scotochromogenic mycobacteria have been isolated
      from soil and sputum. This study comprises 101 biological, biochemical and
      morphological characteristics, as well as the behaviour against the common
      antituberculous drugs at several concentrations. The organisms are considered to
      belong to a new species of the genus Mycobacterium bacterium and are named
      Mycobacterium valentiae sp. nov. They have been deposited in the American Type
      Culture Collection, Rockville, Md., U.S.A. as 29356 and the Czechoslovak
      Collection of Microorganisms in the Czechoslovak National Collection of Type
      Cultures, Institute of Epidemiology and Hygiene Prague, as My 220/77.

PMID- 696435
TI  - Haemophilus paraphrophilus isolated from endocarditis.
AB  - Isolation and microbiological features of a Haemophilus paraphrophilus strain
      which caused a subacute bacterial endocarditis are described. The isolate
      conformed to the first description by ZINNEMANN et al., except that it was
      sensitive to ampicillin.

PMID- 696436
TI  - Effect of dialysable leukocytes extracts on antibody-dependent cellular
      cytotoxicity and lymphocyte Fc receptors.
AB  - Dialysable leukocyte extracts significantly inhibited the antibody-dependent cell
      mediated cytotoxicity of normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes in both
      xenogeneic and allogenic assays. The inhibitory effect was dose-dependent.
      Fractions of dialysable leukocyte extracts separated on Sephadex G-25 column
      differed in their capacity to suppress cytotoxicity. Dialysable leukocyte
      extracts did not block EA-rosetting but inhibited the resynthesis of Fc
      receptors. Some explanations for the observed suppressive effect are discussed.

PMID- 696437
TI  - Stimulation of phagocytosis by human lymphokines.
AB  - Supernatants of concanavalin A stimulated human lymphocytes increased the
      phagocyting and intracellular killing activities of human macrophages and
      neutrophils tested with particles of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

PMID- 696438
TI  - Experiments on the chemotheraphy of a transplantable glioblastoma in the rat,
      employing 1-(2-chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU).
AB  - A glioblastoma was induced in BD-II rats by weekly i.v. injections of
      methylnitrosourea and transplanted intracerebrally in numerous passages. The take
      rate was 100%. For the experiments with CCNU, solid pieces of tumour were
      implanted into the right parietal region. The cytostatically treated animals
      lived significantly longer. The untreated tumour rats had an average survival
      time of 18 days (counted from the time of transplantation), and the rats treated
      with CCNU had an average survival time of 28 days. The median values were 19 and
      28 days.

PMID- 696439
TI  - Chemotherapy of malignant gliomas: comparison of the effect of polychemo- and
      CCNU-therapy.
AB  - Postoperative survival times of patients suffering from glioblastoma (astrozytoma
      III-IV) were compared in unselected groups receiving different forms of therapy:
      standard surgical therapy (16 cases, mean survival time 6.27 +/- 3.75 months),
      postoperative polychemotherapy (16 patients, survival time 8.96 +/- 4.97 months)
      or postoperative CCNU-monotherapy (24 cases, survival time 6.98 +/- 4.46 months).
      The mean survival time in the group receiving polychemotherapy was prolonged
      significantly when compared to the group with standard treatment. Survival time
      of the patient group treated with CCNU was not significantly increased. The
      results indicate that postoperative combination chemotherapy is more effective
      than CCNU monotherapy.

PMID- 696440
TI  - Operative indications in glioblastoma.
AB  - General aspects of glioblastomas are considered such as preoperative diagnosis,
      stereotactic punctures for tissue samples, location and tumour size, interference
      with CSF circulation. The operative risk and different approaches to treatment
      are discussed, and the results are compared. The described combined treatment of
      operative, local cytostatic, and irradiation therapy appears promising, with 22%
      of patients alive, and a maximum survival time of 51/2 years. Attention is drawn
      to proper information of the patient and his family regarding the disease and
      possible outcome.

PMID- 696441
TI  - The liquefaction (oncolysis) of malignant gliomas by a non pathogenic
      Clostridium.
AB  - Vascular glioblastomas become liquefied when contaminated with spores of the non
      pathogenic Clostridium butyricum M 55. The spores are administered by
      intracarotid injection. The oncolysis is complete one week after injection. The
      glioblastoma is converted into a brain abscess which is then operated on
      appropriately. Forty nine patients have been treated in this manner. The rate of
      recurrence, however, remained uninfluenced.

PMID- 696442
TI  - Radiological detection of glioblastoma recurrence.
AB  - Brain scanning is of great value in detecting glioblastomas. Since there is
      little stress upon the patient by this method it is specially suitable for follow
      up after surgical treatment and radiation therapy of this tumour, thus giving the
      best chance of an early detection of a recurrence. On the other hand angiography
      is essential if further surgery is necessary. Diagnostic problems may arise when
      using arteriography in cases of avascular recurrences and lack of space-occupying
      symptoms due to the following factors: Position and small size of the recurrence,
      growth into the operation cavity, and postoperative cerebral atrophy. Avascular
      mass lesions of other origin may mimic a tumour recurrence in the angiogram.
      Thus, a combined use of isotope studies and radiological investigations is
      necessary for an unequivocal detection of glioblastoma recurrences.

PMID- 696443
TI  - The brain surrounding malignant gliomas: an ultrastructural study.
AB  - Brain samples were taken in macroscopically oedematous zones during 21 operations
      for malignant glioma, and studied with the electron microscope. Oedema was found
      in 17 cases, mostly as serous extracellular fluid. Vascular changes in the oedema
      region are mostly as serous extracellular fluid. Vascular changes in the oedema
      region are mostly secondary to oedema: the origin of oedema fluid ought to be
      found in the tumour proper. Cellular reaction is slight; neuronal lesions may be
      ascribed mostly to a perturbation of axonal flow. Oedema round malignant gliomas
      and oedema round other malignant or benign tumours are morphologically distinct.

PMID- 696444
TI  - Axial transverse computerized tomography in 73 glioblastomas.
AB  - Among 2,600 patients, examined by computerized tomography, 404 had brain tumours,
      which were gliomas in 150 cases. There were 73 glioblastomas. Examination was
      performed according to Ambrose's method using an intravenous injection of 1 ml
      60% contrast medium per kg body weight. Thus 98% of all gliomas could be
      demonstrated. Glioblastomas are shown in three different forms: an annular type
      (55%), a nodular type (18%), and a combined type (27%). Perifocal oedema is found
      in 88% of glioblastomas. The oedema most frequently belongs to grade II or III.
      Differentialdiagnosis of gliomas, abscess, metastases and other tumours with
      central necrosis are discussed.

PMID- 696445
TI  - Boron-neutron capture therapy in relation to immunotherapy.
AB  - The essential feature of tumour therapy rests upon host-tumour interaction. To
      achieve therapeutic effects, a prerequisite to immunotherapy is the reduction of
      tumour cells in the host's body. Such measures should not be immunosuppressive.
      Cytotoxic chemotherapy is not appropriate in this regard. Supraradical surgery
      and non-specific radiotherapy are not desirable for preservation of nervous
      function, if their immunosuppression is not as severe as cytotoxic substances.
      Boron-neutron capture therapy is a highly specific and least immunosuppressive
      means of reducing tumour cells of the central nervous system. A brief
      introductory review of basic research is presented. The interim clinical results
      are: (i) Treatment of recurrent glioblastoma: Survival extension obtained by
      neutron capture therapy is 21.9 +/- 7.2 mos in contrast to that obtained by
      conventional treatments of 6.7 +/- 0.6 mos (p less than 0.001), (Total survival
      26.3 +/- 6.7 mos); and (ii) only three patients including two glioblastoma cases
      were treated with neutron by the same surgeon who, by performing the first tumour
      operation, had the advantage in topographic knowledge for determining the
      radiation field. They survived 4, 5, and 6 years in almost fully active
      conditions. The new Musashi Institute of Technology Reactor Thermal Neutron
      Therapy Facility and the increased domestic production of boron-10 isotope have
      enlarged the therapeutic capacity to two dozen patients a year.

PMID- 696446
TI  - Combined chemotherapy with VM 26 and BCNU for recurrent malignant gliomas after
      operation and irradiation.
AB  - The preliminary results of a combined chemotherapy trial with VM 26 and BCNU for
      recurrent malignant gliomas are presented. Four patients out of seven responded
      favourably to this treatment. Toxicity was mild and reversible.

PMID- 696447
TI  - [Plaque leishmaniasis].

PMID- 696448
TI  - [Porokeratosis of Mibelli of linear distribution. Report of a case].

PMID- 696449
TI  - [Peripilar casts of keratin].

PMID- 696450
TI  - [Normolipidemic xanthomatosis. Present status and historic review. Proposed
      classification].

PMID- 696451
TI  - [Iatrogenic diseases in clinical urology].

PMID- 696452
TI  - [Prognosis of renal adenocarcinoma in a surgical series].

PMID- 696453
TI  - [Coadjuvant treatment of renal adenocarcinoma].

PMID- 696454
TI  - [Direct venous route in the metastasis of renal tumors].

PMID- 696455
TI  - [Abnormalities of the renal veins].

PMID- 696456
TI  - [Testicular seminoma: its treatment and results in 33 cases].

PMID- 696457
TI  - [Torsion of a pediculated hydatid of Morgagni: report of 2 new cases].

PMID- 696458
TI  - [Simple epidermoid cyst of the testicle].

PMID- 696459
TI  - [Traumatic rupture of the testicle].

PMID- 696460
TI  - ADTN (2-amino-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene): a prototype for
      possible dopaminergic false transmitters?

PMID- 696461
TI  - Studies on tuberoinfundibular dopamine neurons.
AB  - All dopaminergic neurons in the central nervous system do not respond to
      pharmacological and endocrinological manipulations in the same manner.
      Tuberoinfundibular neurons appear to be regulated, in part, by circulating levels
      of prolactin. Prolactin increases the activity of these neurons by acting
      directly within the medial basal hypothalamus, possibly on the tuberoinfundibular
      neurons.

PMID- 696462
TI  - Neurochemistry of Parkinson's disease: relation between striatal and limbic
      dopamine.

PMID- 696463
TI  - Some characteristics of mutant Han-Wistar rats which exhibit paresis and
      paralysis.

PMID- 696464
TI  - Dopaminergic receptor activity in substantia nigra in the mechanisms of
      autoregulation of striatal dopamine release.

PMID- 696465
TI  - Monoamine oxidase activity during (--)-deprenil therapy: human brain post-mortem
      studies.

PMID- 696466
TI  - Brain catecholamine concentrations and convulsions in E1 mice.

PMID- 696468
TI  - Regulation of GABA release by dopamine in the rat substantia nigra.

PMID- 696467
TI  - Lisuride- and D-LSD-induced changes of monoamine turnover in the rat brain.

PMID- 696469
TI  - Development of time concepts in children.

PMID- 696470
TI  - The representation of children's knowledge.

PMID- 696471
TI  - The preparation and analysis of myelin from small quantities of central nervous
      tissue: regional studies of the quaking mouse.
AB  - Myelin of considerable purity may be isolated from small (minimum 1 mg wet
      weight) samples of central nervous tissue, using a 4-step centrifugation
      procedure. The separation of myelin proteins by micro-linear gradient
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis yields similar results to those obtained by
      macro-scale (homogeneous) gel systems. These techniques have been employed for a
      preliminary study of the regional composition of myelin fractions from the
      Quaking mouse.

PMID- 696472
TI  - Abnormal myelin maturation in vitro: the role of cerebrosides.
AB  - Myelinating neonatal rat cerebellar explants were maintained for up to 130 days
      in vitro. Myelin fractions were extracted from explants of different ages and
      purified by density gradient centrifugation. Three fractions obtained were termed
      "light myelin", "heavy myelin" and "membrane fraction" and were deficient in
      glycolipids compared to myelin fractions prepared from 15-day-old rat cerebellum.
      The culture myelin has an apparently normal ultrastructure but may not be as
      stable as myelin with a normal glycolipid composition.

PMID- 696473
TI  - The molecular architecture of myelin: identification of the external surface
      membrane components.
AB  - Basic information concerning the molecular organization of the myelin membrane is
      an intrinsic requirement for understanding the neurochemical events leading to
      myelination, as well as the potential mechanism of demyelination that might exist
      at the molecular level for a variety of neurological diseases. The application of
      chemical, enzymatic, fluorescent, and immunological membrane probes has
      contributed significantly to this end, although the diverse structural complexity
      of the myelin sheath has permitted only a rudimentary understanding of its
      molecular organization. Nevertheless, compelling evidence is accumulating which
      suggests that components of myelin are asymmetrically distributed in the
      membrane. Such membrane asymmetry should not only provide important clues to the
      mechanisms of membrane assembly in the process of myelination, but should also
      serve as a paradigm for potential functional asymmetry of the individual
      components at the molecular level. One particularly useful membrane probe is
      galactose oxidase which has the capacity for identifying surface galactose
      residues in both glycoproteins and glycolipids on the external surface of the
      myelin sheath. The identification of these surface components on the myelin
      sheath is of primary importance since such components might be more readily
      susceptible to immunological damage or act as a viral receptor which ultimately
      might lead to demyelination.

PMID- 696474
TI  - Covalent probe investigations with isolated central nerve myelin preparations.
AB  - The interaction of the covalently reacting probes dansyl chloride,
      fluorodinitrobenzene and trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid with isolated central
      nerve myelin sheath preparations has been studied. The three probes interact
      preferentially with accessible amino groups on lipid and protein in the membrane.
      With isolated myelin some 13% of the total phosphatidyl ethanolamine is labelled
      with dansyl chloride while the figure is 66% with fluorodinitro benzene and 47%
      with trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid. Lower levels of phosphatidyl serine are
      labelled. Phosphatidyl ethanolamine seems to be more accessible to probes in the
      myelin sheath than is phosphatidyl serine perhaps because the ethanolamine
      containing lipid class is localised partially at the external apposition surfaces
      of the membrane which are most accessible to the probes. The serine phospholipids
      may not react so well because they are preferentially distributed at the
      cytoplasmic surface of the system. Analysis of protein labelling patterns after
      reaction of intact myelin with dansyl chloride indicates that the high molecular
      weight proteins and the proteolipid protein is accessible to the probe while the
      basic protein is not, even though this latter component is readily labelled with
      dansyl choride in purified form. It is suggested that the inability of the basic
      protein to react with myelin is perhaps due to the fact that it is occluded from
      interaction with the probe at the cytoplasmic apposition surfaces of the
      lamellae.

PMID- 696475
TI  - Lipid and fatty acid composition of human cerebral myelin during development.
AB  - A development study of major lipid fatty acids in human brain myelin was
      undertaken and compared to those in cerebral white matter of the same region. The
      myelin was isolated from 23 subjects at ages from newborn to old age. The
      proportions of cholesterol and galactolipids increased in myelin during the first
      6 months of age and up to 2 years of age in cerebral white matter. During the
      same periods the individual phospholipids also showed marked variations. Serine
      phosphoglycerides and especially sphingomyelins increased, and choline
      phosphoglycerides decreased. The fatty acid patterns of ethanolamine
      phosphoglycerides (EPG) and sphingomyelins underwent the largest maturation
      changes. The proportions of saturated fatty acids in EPG diminished rapidly with
      a corresponding increase of monoenoic acids. Fatty acids of the linoleic acid
      series showed a peak between 4 months and 12 months of age, and then their
      proportion slowly diminished to old age. The fatty acid changes in serine
      phosphoglycerides were much less pronounced than in EPG but of similar type. In
      sphingomyelin the proportion of saturated long-chain fatty acids diminished while
      the proportion of monoenoic acids increased--this increase continued at least to
      the age of 15 years. The same fatty acid changes occurred in cerebrosides and
      sulfatides as in the sphingomyelins, but they were less pronounced. The fatty
      acid changes during development were much more pronounced in white matter than in
      myelin but already from 1-2 years of age the lipids of myelin and white matter
      had the same patterns--in the galactolipids from 2 months of age. The individual
      variations of the lipid fatty acid patterns were small except for at the youngest
      ages and the variations found for this period might depend on the difficulties in
      determining the gestational age.

PMID- 696476
TI  - The action of trypsin on central and peripheral nerve myelin.
AB  - In contrast to other studies, our results demonstrate that low concentration of
      trypsin degrades a high proportion of proteolipid from CNS myelin. The Wolfgram
      protein and BP are vulnerable and completely lost on trypsinolysis, perhaps
      accounting for some of the peptides retained by the myelin. In PNS myelin, the
      major PO protein, a hydrophobic glycoprotein, is readily degraded to a stable
      18,000--19,000 molecular weight unit, referred to as TPO protein, still retaining
      the carbohydrate unit which probably exists as a nonasaccharide grouping.
      Production of the TPO glycoprotein results from cleavage of a lysinyl-methionine
      or arginyl-methionine linkage probably found approximately 80--100 residues from
      the NH2-terminal isoleucine of the PO molecule. This linkage must be especially
      accessible to trypsin since the TPO protein is also generated in high yield when
      isolated PO protein is treated with trypsin in solution for 0.5 hours. Further
      incubation for 24 hours fully degrades the TPO protein to over 20 tryptic
      peptides, shown by peptide mapping, unlike the situation in myelin where the TPO
      unit is stable and resists further proteolysis. The TPO unit is also produced
      when PO protein is treated with BrCN. The PO protein contains 3 methionine
      residues but presumably the methionine residue in the trypsin-sensitive region is
      crucial; cleavage leads to the same TPO unit minus NH2-terminal methionine.
      Another methionine residue also exists in the TPO protein but it may be resistant
      to BrCN cleavage or else occupy a near-end position. Other proteins were also
      identified on PAGE of trypsinized PNS myelin: albumin, P2 protein, and PO
      protein. Albumin and P2 protein were identified in the acidic extract by reaction
      with specific antibody. The PO protein was isolated; it moved similarly to
      standard protein on SDS-PAGE and gave the appropriate amino acid analysis.
      However, it cannot be determined at this time whether a portion of these proteins
      remains because they are partially inaccessible to trypsin, or else are slightly
      attacked and thus represent early stages of trypsinolysis. The P2 protein of
      trypsinized myelin appears to migrate slightly faster than standard P2 protein on
      PAGE. Further work should clarify this point. Amino acid analysis and sequence
      data show that the PO protein is particularly hydrophobic, very likely existing
      in PNS myelin as an amphipathic molecule which penetrates the bilayer but which
      has a hydrophilic portion exposed. It is this hydrophilic region that contains
      much lysine, particularly the crucial lysinyl-methionine linkage, that is so
      trypsin-sensitive. Determination of the amino acid sequence of terminal portions
      of the isolated PO and TPO proteins serves to firmly establish the PO protein as
      a unique entity probably exclusive to PNS myelin. It can be concluded that the
      study of trypsin activity toward PNS myelin has made possible a new understanding
      of how proteins are positioned in the membrane, and provided valuable insight
      into the PO protein.

PMID- 696477
TI  - Peripheral nerves as target tissue of the immune response in EAN. A neurochemical
      and morphological study.

PMID- 696478
TI  - The effect of intoxication with alkylnitrosourea derivatives on cerebral myelin.
AB  - Adult BD IX rats were injected with methylnitrosourea and pregnant mice on the
      15th day of gestation with a single intravenous dose of ethylnitrosourea and
      pregnant mice on the 15th day of gestation with a single intravenous dose of
      ethylnitrosourea. The cerebral myelin fraction of adult BD IX rats and of the
      mice offsprings was studied. It was found that a part of the rats intoxicated
      with methylnitrosourea developed spongious changes in the cerebral and cerebellar
      white matter. The myelin fraction of intoxicated rats also showed severe losses
      of sphingomyelin with a steady increase in the cholesterol ester content. The
      myelin fraction from mice intoxicated during the foetal development appeared
      deficient with respect to galactolipids and plasmalogen. It is concluded that,
      besides the carcinogenic effect, alkylnitrosourea derivatives effectively disturb
      the lipid metabolism of membrane structures of the central nervous system.

PMID- 696479
TI  - The immune response in human demyelinating diseases.
AB  - Lymphocytes present in the brain, meninges and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in
      multiple sclerosis (MS) are capable of synthesizing IgG. The CSF in MS contains
      more T-lymphocytes and fewer B-lymphocytes compared to blood. The reactivity of
      CSF lymphocytes in MS to T-cell mitogens and probably also to a combined B-and T
      cell mitogen is absent or heavily reduced. This unresponsiveness of CSF
      lymphocytes may be a consequence of their previous activation. The blood
      lymphocytes in MS are not altered regarding distribution of B-and T-cells, nor
      regarding responsiveness to mitogens, when compared with healthy controls. An
      asynchronous synthesis of heavy and light immunoglobulin chains occurs within the
      CNS in many MS patients, giving rise to oligoclonal band patterns on
      electrophoresis and abnormal kappa/lambda light chain ratios of CSF. The
      synthesized immunoglobulins are most probably antibodies which may play a role in
      the pathogenesis and course of human demyelinating diseases. The brain must be
      regarded, from an immunological point of view, as a privileged site with its own
      immune system and its characteristic immune reactions, and future research
      concerning demyelinating diseases should, if possible, include investigations of
      these reactions.

PMID- 696480
TI  - Proliferating cells in demyelinating states.
AB  - Proliferation of mononuclear cells was examined with an autoradiography method in
      the CSF and peripheral blood of 13 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS),
      serially during activation of disease in one patient with subacute sclerosis
      panencephalitis (SSPE), and in some control patients with various neurological
      conditions. High cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cell labelling indices, up to 1.7%,
      which could not be directly related to the clinical activity of the disease, were
      found in some MS patients. During activation of SSPE there was marked increase in
      labelled cells of CSF, up to 4.3%. In controls, corresponding CSF indices ranged
      from less than 0.1% to 0.4%. Mononuclear cells in CSF and peripheral blood
      behaved as clearly different cell populations.

PMID- 696481
TI  - Biochemical study on myelin in adrenoleukodystrophy.
AB  - Two myelin fractions, heavy and light, were isolated from white matter of a
      patient with adrenoleukodystrophy. Morphologically, heavy myelin fraction showed
      compact lamellar structures, and light myelin fraction consisted of loose
      lamellar structures and rod-like clear space. Analytical studies demonstrated
      that the chemical composition of heavy myelin fraction was almost the same as
      that of normal myelin and that light myelin fraction consisted mainly of
      cholesterol. Long chain saturated fatty acids, C25:0 and C26:0, were increased
      and C24:1 was decreased in sphingoglycolipids of heavy myelin fraction of the
      patient.

PMID- 696483
TI  - Virological aspects of multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 696482
TI  - Metabolic studies of adrenoleukodystrophy.
AB  - Two series of metabolic studies were prompted by the previous finding that the
      brain and adrenal tissues of patients with adrenoleukodystrophy, an X-linked
      genetic disorder, contain unusually long-chain (C22--C32) fatty acids in
      cholesterol esters and gangliosides. Postmortem brain tissues from three patients
      were assayed for activities of the three distinct cholesterol ester hydrolases,
      using [4-14C]cholesterol oleate, lignocerate and cerotate as the substrates. No
      deficiency of the crude mitochrondrial (pH 4.2), the microsomal (pH 6.0), or the
      myelin-localized cholesterol ester hydrolases was detected, although the
      activities of the myelin-localized cholesterol ester hydrolase against
      cholesteryl lignocerate and cerotate were too low for reliable assays. The
      activities of the microsomal and myelin-localized hydrolases were actually higher
      in adrenoleukodystrophy than in controls. Uptake and exclusion by cultured
      fibroblasts of [1-14C]stearic, [1-14C]lignoceric and [1-14C)cerotic acids were
      also examined. All fatty acids were avidly taken up by the fibroblasts. Stearic
      acid was excluded from the cells much more rapidly than lignoceric or cerotic
      acid. No difference was observed in the uptake and exclusion of fatty acids
      between the controls and adrenoleukodystrophy, except that cells from some cases
      of adrenoleukodystrophy consistently took up the very long chain fatty acids at
      greater rates than the control cells. Neither did the distribution of the label
      among individual lipids reveal differences between the controls and
      adrenoleukodystrophy, although there were interesting and dramatic differences in
      the metabolism of lignoceric acid and cerotic acid. Cerotic acid appeared largely
      inert with 90--95% remaining intact over eight days, while lignoceric acid was
      mostly incorporated into complex lipids. This series of studies did not uncover
      the fundamental genetic defect underlying adrenoleukodystrophy.

PMID- 696484
TI  - The role of viruses in the pathogenesis of demyelinative disorder.

PMID- 696485
TI  - Aspects of the viral antibody response in multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 696486
TI  - Immunoglobulins in multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 696487
TI  - Studies of isolated, maintained oligodendroglia: biochemistry, metabolism, and in
      vitro myelin synthesis.
AB  - Oligodendroglia can be isolated in bulk from dissected white matter of lamb or
      bovine brain. Studies of the composition of the whole cell and of glial
      subfractions were performed to detect similarities to mature myelin. With care
      isolated oligodendroglia can now be maintained in culture for three to four days.
      While in culture the cells elaborate a form of glial myelin which has
      characteristics of both the intact cell and of mature myelin. Glial myelin reacts
      with both the antiserum to oligodendroglial surface components and with antiserum
      to galacto-cerebroside; it increases in amount with time in culture; if various
      radiolabeled substrates are added to the cells in culture, the glial myelin has
      both lipids and proteins which are extensively radiolabeled; the glial myelin has
      both basic protein and 2',3'-cyclic AMPase associated with it. Thus this model
      system may be an excellent system for studying myelin assembly in vitro.

PMID- 696488
TI  - Effects of anesthesia and muscle paralysis on the mechanics of the respiratory
      system.

PMID- 696489
TI  - Mouth occlusion pressure and EMG of the diaphragm in the waking and sleeping
      states.

PMID- 696490
TI  - Interaction of humoral ventilatory stimuli at high altitude.

PMID- 696491
TI  - Effects of anesthesia on activity patterns of respiratory neurones.

PMID- 696492
TI  - The role of chloride and other anions in cerebrospinal fluid bicarbonate
      regulation.

PMID- 696493
TI  - Depressant effect of ammonia on the ventilatory response to hypoxia and
      hypercapnia.

PMID- 696494
TI  - The effects of changes in arterial pressure on sinus nerve efferent activity.

PMID- 696495
TI  - Chemical stimulation of rapidly adapting receptors in the airways.

PMID- 696496
TI  - Comparison of the effects of histamine and prostaglandin on afferent C-fiber
      endings and irritant receptors in the intrapulmonary airways.

PMID- 696497
TI  - Stretch receptors of the trachea.

PMID- 696498
TI  - A comparison of the effects of steady-state and progressive hypoxia on the
      ventilatory and frequency response.

PMID- 696499
TI  - Carotid arterial blood gas oscillations and the phase of the respiratory cycle
      during exercise in man: testing a model.

PMID- 696500
TI  - Significance of peripheral chemoreceptor response and adaptation in the
      regulation of breathing.

PMID- 696501
TI  - Breathing during sleep in man in normal and pathological conditions.

PMID- 696502
TI  - Ventilatory control characteristics of conditions resulting in isocapnic
      hyperpnea.

PMID- 696503
TI  - Central mechanisms controlling expiratory duration.

PMID- 696504
TI  - Termination of inspiration through graded inhibition of inspiratory activity.

PMID- 696505
TI  - Some effects of graded changes in central chemoreceptor input by local
      temperature changes on the ventral surface of medulla.

PMID- 696506
TI  - The effects of inhalation of carbon monoxide on some aspects of neuromechanical
      ventilatory control.

PMID- 696507
TI  - Regulation of the activity of respiratory muscles during sleep.
AB  - This review concerns studies on the electrograms of respiratory muscles carried
      out in unrestrained sleeping cats. The respiratory unit discharges of the
      diaphragm and intercostal muscles undergo only quantitative changes from quiet
      wakefulness to synchronized sleep. Intercostal postural activity is also evident
      whereas such activity is practically absent in diaphragmatic electrograms. During
      desynchronized sleep the activity, both postural and respiratory, of intercostal
      muscles is tonically depressed and highly irregular, while diaphragmatic
      electrograms are scarcely affected, except for random disturbances related to the
      phasic events of this stage of sleep (rems, muscle twitches). The changes in the
      activity of intercostal muscles do not depend on modifications of the activity of
      respiratory centres as phrenic motor neurones are not tonically depressed. Only
      strong phasic influences of non-respiratory brain stem structures may affect
      phrenic motor neurones during desynchronized sleep. The depression of intercostal
      respiratory activity during this stage of sleep rather depends on the tonic
      inhibitory influences of brain stem structures on spinal motor neurones affecting
      also intercostal postural activity. The respiratory frequency during
      desynchronized sleep increases and decreases above eupneic and below polypneic
      values of synchronized sleep, respectively. Such a phenomenon cannot be related
      to the tonic brain stem inhibition of spinal motor neurones occurring during
      desynchronized sleep as it is unlikely that the same influence may elicit two
      opposite effects. These effects can be better explained on the basis of a release
      of respiratory centres from higher controls, particularly hypothalamic. In
      conclusion, the clear dichotomy in respiratory motor innervation between
      synchronized and desynchronized sleep reveals a basic change in respiratory
      regulation whose functional significance is still obscure.

PMID- 696508
TI  - Regional effects of nembutal anesthesia on brainstem respiratory neurones.

PMID- 696509
TI  - Ventilatory responses mediated by peripheral chemoreceptors in anaesthetized man.

PMID- 696510
TI  - Effects of sleep on the pattern of CO2 stimulated breathing in males and females.

PMID- 696511
TI  - Effects of anesthesia on breathing pattern.

PMID- 696512
TI  - Drug information services.

PMID- 696513
TI  - [An analysis of the efficiency-stage in pupils suffering from chronic nonspecific
      lung diseases (CNSLD) (author's transl)].
AB  - Investigations were performed into school-certificates of 70 school-children
      suffering from CNSLD (controllgroup: 360 healthy children). Although the quantity
      of the days of the absence from school in the CNSLD-group is more than six times
      higher--most differences between the two groups were not significant, or the
      results of the sick children were even rather better than those of healthy ones.
      The eventual causes of this phenomenon are discussed (a good attitude in
      learning? a systematic promotion of this children at school and in the family?
      etc.).

PMID- 696514
TI  - [Morbidity analysis and rehabilitation of children and young people exempted from
      obigatory sports at school (author's transl)].
AB  - Stress is laid on the importance of sports instruction in the process of
      educating the young generation. Illness and injuries have a bad effect and result
      in exemption from sports lessons at school. The extent of these factors in the
      district of Weissenfels is shown in analysis and a therapy schedule based on
      empirical data has been developed for the rehabilitation of children and young
      people exempted from obigatory sports at school.

PMID- 696515
TI  - [Development of body-height in children from Gorlitz (author's transl)].
AB  - The growth from birth till to last school-health-examination of 3 annual-sets
      (1957, 1958 and 1959) in the town of Goerlitz is presented. There are significant
      differences between the sexes. The growth of girls is more harmonious than that
      of boys. The growth rate in puberty in girls starts earlier and ends quicker. In
      boys the same phaenomenon begins later. The period of growth in boys is longer
      and produces a higher result.

PMID- 696516
TI  - [On the phenomenology of juvenile sexual delinquency and on the phenomenology of
      juvenile sexual delinquents - child-neuropsychiatric aspects of prevention of
      deviating sexual behaviour. Juvenile sexual delinquency:introduction to the
      problems, phenomenology (author's transl)].
AB  - The prophylaxis and clearing-up rate of deviating sexual behaviour of adolescents
      could be favourably influenced, if doctors, teachers and judicial administrators
      had a better knowledge of the phenomenology of sexual delicts as well as sexual
      delinquents. 87 expert opinions on juvenile sexual delinquents were analysed
      under this aspect. In the majority of cases sexual delicts of adolescents reveal
      a far more extensive disturbance in their individual and social development.

PMID- 696517
TI  - [Effects of nitrogen gas and air bubbles supplied to the incubating chamber of
      rabbit retinas instead of (or in addition to) oxygen (author's transl)].

PMID- 696518
TI  - Total cataract formation after triperidol therapy.

PMID- 696519
TI  - [Intercellular junction of the retinal pigment epithelium in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada
      syndrome (author's transl)].

PMID- 696520
TI  - [Radioallergosorbent test in vernal conjunctivitis (author's transl)].

PMID- 696521
TI  - [Ultrastructural studies on absorption of experimentally produced subretinal
      hemorrhage. I. Erythrophagocytosis at the early stage (author's transl)].

PMID- 696522
TI  - [Studies on the C-wave of the normal Wistar rat and spontaneous retinal
      dystrophic rat (author's transl)].

PMID- 696523
TI  - [Xenon photocoagulation in juvenile diabetic retinopathy (author's transl)].

PMID- 696524
TI  - [Ultrastructural studies on absorption of experimentally produced subretinal
      hemorrhage. 2. Autolysis of macrophages and disappearance of erythrocytes from
      the subretinal space at the late stage (author's transl)].

PMID- 696525
TI  - [Phagocytic cells in the retina after the xenon photocoagulation (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 696526
TI  - [Malignant epithelioma of the ciliary body accompanied with glaucoma electron
      microscopic study on the tumor tissue and trabecular tissue (author's transl)].

PMID- 696527
TI  - [An analysis of 141 eyes with floaters (author's transl)].

PMID- 696528
TI  - [Xenon photocoagulation treatment of retinitis exudativa externa (Rieger)
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 696529
TI  - [Two cases of hemolytic glaucoma (author's transl)].

PMID- 696530
TI  - [""Curved'' erection: its correction by Nesbit's operation].

PMID- 696531
TI  - Benign conditions of the kidneys which could be confused in angiography with
      malignant neoplasms.

PMID- 696532
TI  - The haemangioma of the bladder. Case report and review of the literature.

PMID- 696533
TI  - Indigestion in young calves III. The influence of powders from heat-treated skim
      milk and whey.

PMID- 696534
TI  - Feeding-induced hypocalcaemia. Studies on the uptake of 47CA from the
      gastrointestinal tract of sheep.

PMID- 696535
TI  - Absence of feeding-induced variations in plasma insulin in hypoglycaemic
      ketonaemic cows.

PMID- 696536
TI  - Fine structure of spermatogonia and spermatocytes in the blue fox (Alopex
      lagopus).

PMID- 696537
TI  - Distribution of injected 14C-diethylstilbestrol in the chicken and laying hen.
      Whole body autoradiography and impulse counting.

PMID- 696538
TI  - Plasma testosterone in bulls. Seasonal variation.

PMID- 696539
TI  - Serum glutathione peroxidase activity and blood selenium in pigs.

PMID- 696540
TI  - Combined therapeutic effect of dietary selenium and vitamin E on manifested VESD
      syndrome in weaned pigs.

PMID- 696541
TI  - Plasma progesterone assays in superovulated cattle.

PMID- 696542
TI  - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of antibodies to
      Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in cattle.

PMID- 696543
TI  - Infection with actinobacillus suis in pigs.

PMID- 696544
TI  - 1978 Eleanor Clarke Slagle Lecture: Toward a science of adaptive responses.

PMID- 696545
TI  - Postural and reflex integration in schizophrenic patients.
AB  - The relationship among primitive postural reflexes, postural and bilateral
      integration, and premorbid adjustment were examined in 29 subjects who were
      divided into 3 groups: normal, chronic process nonparanoid schizophrenic, and
      chronic paranoid schizophrenic. Significant differences were found between the
      normal and szhizophrenic groups on the tonic labyrinthine reflex and on five of
      the six measures of postural and bilateral integration. No significant
      differences were found between the two schizophrenic groups on any of the test
      variables. There were significant positive correlations between the tonic
      labyrinthine reflex, postural and bilateral integration, and premorbid status in
      the subjects studied.

PMID- 696546
TI  - Nationally speaking--presidential address.

PMID- 696547
TI  - The effect of concurrent manual activity on the dichotic listening performance of
      boys with learning disabilities.
AB  - Three groups of learning-disabled children, defined according to their Wechsler
      Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) profiles, and one normal control group,
      were given both a standard dichotic listening task and a dichotic listening task
      performed concurrently with a manual tapping task. Learning-disabled children who
      showed no disparity in their verbal and performance subscale scores on the WISC
      demonstrated a right ear preference under standard testing and when tapping with
      the left hand, but not the right, which was nearly the same pattern as that
      obtained by the control group. Learning-disabled children whose verbal WISC score
      was at least 15 point lower than their performance demonstrated a right-ear
      preference only when tapping with their left hand. Finally, learning-disabled
      children who had high verbal, low performance WISC profiles showed no ear
      preference under any conditions. These results were interpreted as indicating
      that these three types of learning-disabled children are differentially
      lateralized and differentially affected by the facilitory-inhibitory effects of
      concurrent hemispheric activities.

PMID- 696548
TI  - Sex of a parent and knowledge about cerebral palsy.
AB  - Parents of cerebral-palsied children who attended a rehabilitation center were
      asked to complete both a subjective questionnaire and an objective scale to tap
      their knowledge about cerebral palsy. A 33 percent return was obtained. According
      to the results from the questionnaire, both parents tended to believe that
      mothers are more knowledgeable about cerebral palsy. However, an analysis of the
      results of the scale indicated that a parent's knowledge about the disability and
      how to treat it is determined or influenced by the sex of the handicapped child.
      Other information gained suggested that the rehabilitation center therapists are
      important sources of information about cerebral palsy for most parents, and the
      parents also suggested ways in which to improve community services to the
      families of children with cerebral palsy.

PMID- 696550
TI  - A hammock wheelchair armrest.

PMID- 696549
TI  - Correctional institutions: an overview.
AB  - Correctional programs may be viewed as providing treatment or as providing
      services. These views are based upon various theories of criminal behavior, and
      influence the approaches and activities to be used within the programs. Programs
      based upon a treatment approach exhibit many similarities to programs for
      psychiatric patients. The prison as a total institution bears many resemblances
      to the long-term psychiatric hospital. These are discussed, together with the
      validity of treatment approaches and alternative service approaches. A brief
      historical overview of the prison is also given. Correctional theories and
      salient points from the literature are examined to identify concepts important
      for correctional programs, and several implications for occupational therapists
      in correctional programs are discussed.

PMID- 696551
TI  - A survey to determine the impact of P.L. 94-142 on residential schools for the
      deaf.

PMID- 696552
TI  - Some possible causes of syntactic deficits in the congenitally deaf English user.

PMID- 696553
TI  - Television viewing habits of hearing-impaired teenagers in the Chicago
      metropolitan area.

PMID- 696554
TI  - Why can't the deaf read? Comments on asking the wrong question.

PMID- 696555
TI  - The effect of prolonged hearing aid use on communicative skills of young, deaf
      adults.

PMID- 696556
TI  - An outline of competencies to be developed through practical experiences in
      teacher training centers for the education of the deaf.

PMID- 696557
TI  - A study of the ability of day-class deaf adolescents to comprehend factual
      information using four communication modalities.

PMID- 696558
TI  - Training and managing paraprofessionals as tutors and notetakers for mainstreamed
      deaf students.

PMID- 696560
TI  - Rehabilitation potential of hearing-impaired clients.

PMID- 696559
TI  - Communication instruction with hearing-impaired college students within the
      manual/simultaneous communication department, NTID.

PMID- 696561
TI  - Attitudes towards deafness: hearing students at a hearing and deaf college.

PMID- 696562
TI  - Population screening for myocardial ischemia.

PMID- 696563
TI  - Reproducibility of a consensus panel in the interpretation of coronary
      angiograms.
AB  - This report describes the consistency of coronary angiogram evaluation by a four
      man panel of experts rendering "consensus opinion." The panel evaluated films
      from 38 patients at two grading sessions separated by an interval of seven
      months. Fourteen patients' films were selected at random for duplicate
      evaluation. These contained 186 lesion sites. The panel was 95% consistent in
      designating significant stenosis (greater than or equal to 70%). "Consensus"
      panel reading appears more consistent than "group opinion" panel reading. The
      over-all standard deviation of the difference in panel reading was 14%. The panel
      was most consistent in evaluating the right coronary artery, proximal LAD, and
      proximal circumflex. In the left main segment two of fourteen duplicate
      evaluations showed major discrepancy.

PMID- 696564
TI  - Coronary artery fistulas emptying into left heart chambers.
AB  - We present three cases of coronary artery fistulas entering into the left heart
      chambers. Coronary arteriography in one showed aneurysmal dilatation of the main
      left coronary artery and a fistulous communication with a large left atrium.
      Exploration during repair revealed an anomalous branch of the left circumflex
      emptying into the left atrium. In the second case the proximal left circumflex
      gave rise to a branch supplying a hemangioma which emptied into the left atrium.
      Coronary arteriograms of the third patient showed an enlarged left anterior
      descending artery with an anomalous branch emptying into the left ventricle.
      Shunt flow was estimated with hydrogen as a tracer in the last two cases and was
      two thirds and one third of the left coronary inflow, respectively. Review of the
      literature shows 32 previously reported cases of a fistula draining into the left
      side of the heart.

PMID- 696565
TI  - Echocardiographic evaluation of porcine heterograft valves in the mitral and
      aortic positions.
AB  - We evaluated 15 porcine heterograft valves in the mitral position and seven in
      the aortic position by echocardiography. Combining our quantitative description
      of valve stent and leaflet motion with 31 previously reported cases, we suggest
      echocardiographic criteria for the range of normal porcine heterograft valve
      motion in the mitral position. Quantitative evaluation of valve leaflet and stent
      motion for valves in the aortic position is described for the first time.
      Correlative hemodynamic and echocardiographic data is provided for three patients
      who underwent postoperative catheterization. The use of echocardiography in
      following the function of porcine heterograft valves is discussed.

PMID- 696566
TI  - The predictive value of anginal chest pain as an indicator of coronary disease
      during exercise testing.
AB  - To determine the significance of anginal chest pain during exercise testing, a
      series of 302 patients undergoing coronary arteriography with exercise testing
      was reviewed. Of the 302 patients, 85 had ischemic ECG changes and chest pain
      (Group I); 87 patients had ischemic ECG changes but no chest pain (Group II); 25
      patients had chest pain but no ischemic ECG changes (Group III); 105 patients had
      neither chest pain nor ischemic ECG changes (Group IV). Coronary artery disease
      was present in 95% of Group I, 75% of Group II, 72% of Group III, and 28% of
      Group IV. Of those patients with coronary disease, multiple vessels were involved
      in 94% of Group I, 51% of Group II, 67% of Group III, and 21% of Group IV. The
      predictive value for presence and extent of coronary disease showed Group I
      greater than Groups II and III greater than Group IV (p less than 0.025). We
      conclude that (1) anginal chest pain during exercise testing predicts the
      presence and extent of coronary disease more accurately than its absence; (2) the
      presence of chest pain even without an ischemic ECG response during exercise
      testing appears to be as predictive of coronary disease as an ischemic ECG
      response alone; and (3) the combination of anginal chest pain during exercise
      testing and an ischemic ECG response is highly predictive of multivessel coronary
      artery disease.

PMID- 696567
TI  - An evaluation of range gated pulsed Doppler echocardiography for detecting
      pulmonary outflow tract obstruction in d-transposition of the great vessels.
AB  - The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of range gated pulsed Doppler
      (RGPD) echocardiography for detecting obstruction to the pulmonary outflow tract
      in children with d-transposition of the great vessels (d-TGV). Twenty-one
      children were randomly selected for those available with d-TGV and were studied
      by precordial and suprasternal RGPD echocardiography. Three were excluded,
      leaving a population of 18 subjects. The exclusive criterion used to judge the
      RGPD results was the output of the time interval histogram (TIH). Coherence of
      the TIH was considered to represent laminar flow. Dispersion of the TIH was
      considered evidence of flow disturbance and obstruction to the outflow tract.
      With the range gating feature, the first site of disturbance could be localized.
      Information was handled by a technique that decreased bias. RGPD results were
      then compared to diagnoses of the outflow tract established at cardiac
      catheterization or operation. Comparison of these results indicated that all
      seven children with obstruction were correctly identified by RGPD study, and the
      level of the first obstruction was correctly identified. With one exception, all
      children without pulmonary obstruction were correctly identified by the
      examination.

PMID- 696568
TI  - Blood pressure levels in acute myocardial infarction.
AB  - Serial blood pressure recordings were taken for 72 hours in 112 patients with
      acute myocardial infarction and in 96 patients with cardiac ischemia, admitted to
      hospital no more than 6 hours after the onset of chest pain. During the first
      hour of admission 66 (31.7%) had a blood pressure recorded 160/100 or greater. By
      the sixth hour, without specific antihypertensive therapy, this number had fallen
      to 13 (6.3%). This fall was subsequently maintained with very similar trends for
      both acute myocardial infarction and cardiac ischemia. Such an early blood
      pressure fall in acute myocardial infarction may indicate that this is too labile
      a measurement to determine the need for, or efficacy of, antihypertensive therapy
      aimed at the preservation of myocardium. The hospital course and mortality rate
      of patients with acute myocardial infarction and early hypertension, as defined,
      did not differ significantly from the non-hypertensive group.

PMID- 696569
TI  - The effect of aging on ventricular contractile performance.
AB  - The effects of aging on mechanical performance of isolated canine right
      ventricular trabeculae were studied in two age groups. The first group was
      comprised of nine dogs, about 9 months of age. The second group was composed of
      seven dogs over 8 years of age. Aging had no significant effect on developed
      force. Extent of shortening tended to decrease. There was a significant decrease
      in both the rate of rise of tension and the velocity of shortening (20%). THis
      reduction was primarily due to an increased duration of contraction. Twitch
      duration increased by as much as 40% during aging but most of this prolongation
      was due to a profound slowing of relaxation. Aging caused a significant increase
      in passive stiffness since equivalent changes in muscle length brought about
      twice as much increase in resting tension in the aged muscle as in the young
      muscle. On the other hand, aging caused a significant shift of Lo to the right.
      Taken collectively, these results indicate that aging is associated with
      increased passive stiffness and decreased speed of contraction without changes in
      strength.

PMID- 696571
TI  - Noninvasive diagnosis of ischemic cardiomyopathy by fluoroscopic detection of
      coronary artery calcification.
AB  - Twenty-four patients with severe congestive heart failure and cardiomegaly in
      whom the presence or absence of significant coronary disease could not be
      ascertained clinically underwent fluoroscopy for coronary artery calcification
      prior to cardiac catheterization. Ten of the patients were found to have
      significant coronary artery disease, and 14 had normal coronary arteriograms.
      Coronary artery calcification was found in all ten patients with significant
      coronary disease, and was absent in all of those patients with normal coronary
      arteriograms. We conclude that fluoroscopy for coronary artery calcification
      provides a reliable noninvasive method for differentiating ischemic from
      nonischemic cardiomyopathy.

PMID- 696570
TI  - Origin of the basal systolic murmurs in mitral stenosis. A study with
      intracardiac phonocardiography.
AB  - In order to study the origin of the basal systolic murmurs in mitral stenosis,
      left and right heart catheterization was performed in 18 patients with mitral
      stenosis using intracardiac phonocardiography. Our data revealed that the basal
      systolic murmurs originated in the aorta, the pulmonary artery, and the outflow
      tract of the right ventricle. In 14 cases, we noted the maximal ejection systolic
      murmur in the aorta near the aortic valve. However, in two cases, there was a
      loud systolic murmur in the pulmonary artery. These murmurs occurred in early to
      mild-systole and were crescendo-decrescendo in configuration. The pitch of the
      murmur ranged from low to medium frequency in the majority of cases. They are
      produced by the turbulence of blood flow in the aorta and the pulmonary artery. A
      late systolic murmur was also recorded in the outflow tract of the right
      ventricle in two patients. This is thought to occur due to functional or relative
      infundibular stenosis of the right ventricle. It differs in location and timing
      from those in the aorta and the pulmonary artery. The outflow tract of the right
      ventricle is regarded as the third origin of the basal systolic murmur in mitral
      stenosis.

PMID- 696572
TI  - Echocardiographic detection of a subannular aortic aneurysm.

PMID- 696573
TI  - Ventricular pre-excitation and prolonged Q-T interval syndromes in a patient with
      mitral valve prolapse.
AB  - A 34-year-old woman with mitral valve prolapse, frequent ventricular
      dysrhythmias, and chest pain was studied. Surface electrocardiograms demonstrated
      short PR and prolonged Q-T intervals. A-V nodal conduction times during atrial
      pacing were characteristic of A-V nodal bypass tract function. The case is thus
      interpreted to be one of overlap between three syndromes known to predispose to
      cardiac dysrhythmias, i.e., mitral valve prolapse, Lown-Ganong-Levine syndrome,
      and prolonged Q-T interval syndrome.

PMID- 696574
TI  - Clinical pathologic conference. Fatigue, dyspnea and abdominal swelling in a 13
      year-old boy.

PMID- 696575
TI  - Coronary artery spasm--diagnostic and therapeutic implications.

PMID- 696576
TI  - Effect of transducer placement on echocardiographic mitral valve motion.

PMID- 696577
TI  - Hazards of cardiac catheterization in children with primary pulmonary vascular
      obstruction.

PMID- 696578
TI  - Of atherosclerosis in infants and children and viral infections.

PMID- 696579
TI  - Statistics, marathoning, and CHD.

PMID- 696581
TI  - Pathogenesis of myocardial infarction.

PMID- 696582
TI  - Orthostatic hypertension in normotensives and borderline hypertensive patients.

PMID- 696580
TI  - Acid gas-induced MI.

PMID- 696583
TI  - Chest thumping to terminate ventricular tachycardias.

PMID- 696584
TI  - Observations on Q fever endocarditis.

PMID- 696585
TI  - Hospital costs: can the inflationary spiral be stopped?

PMID- 696586
TI  - The reimbursement riddle: Part II. Asking the right questions.

PMID- 696587
TI  - Smoking. Still a burning issue.

PMID- 696588
TI  - Caught between ethics and economics: pharmacists and tobacco.

PMID- 696589
TI  - Cigarette smoking and the response to drugs.

PMID- 696590
TI  - What you should know about lobbying.

PMID- 696591
TI  - Senility: the 'diagnostic wastebasket'.

PMID- 696592
TI  - Update on coin-operated blood pressure machines.

PMID- 696593
TI  - Employee development: a behavioral approach.

PMID- 696595
TI  - Keeping the 'home' in home health care.

PMID- 696594
TI  - Drugs, diet, and nutrition.

PMID- 696596
TI  - Pharmacists: the next deep pocket? Malpractice mania hits pharmacy practice.

PMID- 696598
TI  - Primary health care thrives in the rural South.

PMID- 696597
TI  - Cooperation, western style. I. the feisty Oregonians.

PMID- 696599
TI  - The team approach to home health care.

PMID- 696600
TI  - Califano's contempt vote: clouded by emotionalism.

PMID- 696601
TI  - Tempest in an ashtray.

PMID- 696602
TI  - Why are more women misusing drugs?

PMID- 696603
TI  - Employee development: taking time for training. Second of two articles.

PMID- 696604
TI  - The bottom line.

PMID- 696605
TI  - Uses and misuses of the RDA.

PMID- 696606
TI  - Mechanical aids a must to screen patient profiles.

PMID- 696607
TI  - Clairol pulls 'coal tar' ingredients.

PMID- 696608
TI  - The day the detail man talked.

PMID- 696609
TI  - Saint Augustine's College training program in industrial hygiene and safety.
AB  - The Occupational Safety and Health Program at St. Augustine's College leads to a
      Bachelor of Science degree in Industrial Hygiene. This program enables the
      students to enter careers in practice and research in industry and government or
      to pursue graduate studies. The curriculum in industrial hygiene provides a broad
      academic foundation during the first two years of college, after which, students
      proceed with advanced studies in industrial hygiene and supporting courses in the
      natural and behavioral sciences. St. Augustine's College industrial hygiene and
      safety curriculum course descriptions are presented and other aspects of the
      program are discussed.

PMID- 696610
TI  - Dermal penetration of three topical insect repellents in dogs and rabbits.
AB  - Three (14)C-labeled candidate insect repellents, cyclohexamethylene carbamide, n
      butylsufonimidocyclohexamethylene and 2-hydroxyethylcyclohexane carboxylate were
      evaluated for skin penetration in dogs and rabbits. Absorption of the repellents
      was determined by monitoring excreted urine daily for seven days following
      topical application. Significant percutaneous absorption of all three repellents
      occurred within 24 hours. (14)C-cyclohexamethylene carbamide showed the greatest
      absorption. Measurable amounts of radioactivity persisted at the application site
      for both species after seven days.

PMID- 696611
TI  - Safety limits for a firefighter proximity suit.
AB  - A standard one-piece firefighter proximity suit (jumpsuit style) was tested for
      heat accumulation and hood compartment ventilation. Large increases in
      temperature of the skin and hood compartmental air were recorded. Oxygen and
      carbon dioxide were monitored and hypoxic conditions found. Using the O2 and CO2
      data, mathematical regression analyses were performed to predict the time
      exposures allowed for firemen entering various ambient atmospheric conditions.
      The short permissible exposure periods predicted for the proximity suit suggests
      limited usefulness and the need for immediate improvements in the design of the
      suit.

PMID- 696612
TI  - Labeling of monodisperse polystyrene microspheres with tightly bound 51Cr.
AB  - Monodisperse radioactive polystyrene latex microspheres have been prepared by
      attachment of chromium-51 to latex spheres. Labeling was by emulsion
      polymerization of chromium acetylacetonate dissolved in styrene monomer using
      commercially available microspheres. This was accomplished with two successive
      polymerization steps: radiation excitation and radical polymerization initiated
      with potassium persulfate. After attachment of the label the particle suspension
      was purified by repeated centrifugation wash cycles to remove labile
      radioactivity. Results indicate a radioactive binding yield of greater than 80%
      to the particles. The stability of the label was tested in in vivo and in vitro
      leaching studies. In these tests, the activity leaching rate was estimated to be
      less than 0.2% per day.

PMID- 696613
TI  - Selected head and facial dimensions of mine rescue team personnel.

PMID- 696614
TI  - Evaluation of indoor particulate concentrations for an urban hospital.

PMID- 696615
TI  - A method for exposing animals to particulates in drinking water.

PMID- 696616
TI  - Exclusion area for safety from high-pressure sour gas leaks.

PMID- 696617
TI  - Models for estimating worksite WBGT.

PMID- 696618
TI  - NIOSH's criteria for a recommended standard--occupational exposure to waste
      anesthetic gases and vapors.

PMID- 696619
TI  - Industrial safety a challenge to science.

PMID- 696620
TI  - Industrial health in 1978: a perspective.

PMID- 696621
TI  - Solid sorbent sampler for white phosphorus in air.
AB  - A solid sorbent sampling tube packed with Tenax-GC is used with a personal
      sampling pump to collect samples of white (yellow) phosphorus vapor from air. The
      phosphorus is leached from the exposed sorbent into xylene and quantitated by gas
      chromatographic analysis. The capacity of the sorbents is in the range 10 to 20
      microgramP4per100 mg of sorbent, which allows for up to 4 hrs of sampling at the
      OSHA Standard, 0.1 mg/m3. No interferences from red phosphorus, phosphine, water
      vapor, or other common gases are significant. The effects on the method of
      variations in temperature, pressure, humidity, sample storage and shipping
      conditions, and chromatographic parameters were determined.

PMID- 696622
TI  - A solid sorbent personal sampling method for the determination of acrolein in
      air.
AB  - A personal air sampling method, using activated carbon with subsequent analysis
      by gas chromatography, has been developed for acrolein in the 0.05 to 5 ppm
      (parts per million) range for a five liter air sample. The sensitivity is 0.25
      microgram (microgram) of acrolein. This first known viable method for acrolein
      using a solid adsorbent was made possible by the discovery that acrolein can be
      adsorbed on, and recovered from, hydroquinone-treated carbon with efficiencies as
      high as 90 percent. Samples must be analyzed the same day or frozen and analyzed
      within five days. Airborne contaminants possibly present in the acrolein
      production area do not interfere with the analysis.

PMID- 696623
TI  - Industrial hygiene engineering in the petrochemical industry.
AB  - Industrial hygiene engineering can be utilized most effectively when it is
      employed in the design or construction phases of new or modified chemical
      manufacturing processes. Minimization of leaks, spills, fugitive emissions and
      other releases is the goal. Some chemical and physical agents can still be
      released during normal or non-normal operations and during plant turnaround
      procedures and these require continuous industrial hygiene surveillance. It
      follows that industrial hygiene principles must continue to be applied in all
      phases of the petrochemical industry from the beginning of the design and
      throughout the life of the unit.

PMID- 696624
TI  - Irrigated precipitator for sampling soluble aerosols.
AB  - The design and performance of a simple parallel plate, irrigated, precipitator
      for use in  the sampling of soluble aerosols is described. Unifrom surface
      coverage of 0.044 +/- 0.003 mL/cm2 by the gravity fed collection fluid is
      provided with a fiberglass mat (Gelman type A/E filter), while a surface washout
      of approximately 45% occurs in fluid residence time tf = V/q for a collector
      surface inclination of 40 degrees relative to horizontal. Efficiency tests using
      laboratory generated DOP aerosols and field tests of sulfate-bearing particles
      indicate good correlation with the Deutsch equation. Values of V/Q, proportional
      to the instrument sampling time, representing the ration of collection fluid
      volume to air flow rate for the present design compare favorably with other
      available instrumentation.

PMID- 696625
TI  - Thermal oxidative degradation studies of phosphate esters.
AB  - Five phosphate esters - tri-p-tolyl phosphate, tributyl phosphate, tris(1,3
      dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate, tris(2,3-dibromopropyl)phosphate, and  tris(2
      chloroethyl)phosphate- were subjected to thermal oxidative degradation in air at
      370 degrees C. Degradation mechanisms were postulated and the toxic hazards
      assessed based on the volatiles produced. Tri-p-tolyl phosphate was found to
      undergo only minimal degradation; the other compounds were decomposed
      extensively. Butene was the main product formed on tributyl phosphate
      decomposition; hydrogen halides and halogenated C2- and C3- species were the main
      products formed by the halogenated phosphate ester. In the case of tris(1,3
      dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate acrolein, not hydrogen chloride, presented the major
      toxic hazard.

PMID- 696626
TI  - Sampling of tangential flow streams.
AB  - The causes and characteristics of tangential flow in industrial stacks are
      described. Errors induced by tangential flow in the determination of volumetric
      flow rate and particulate concentration are analyzed. Experiments were conducted
      at the outlet of a cyclone collector in order to investigate the effect of
      tangential flow on the determination of emission rates. Straightening vanes were
      found to be useful in the reduction of error in flow rate measurements.

PMID- 696627
TI  - Field tests of a permeation-type personal monitor for vinyl chloride.
AB  - A passive dosimeter-type personal monitor for vinyl chloride has undergone
      extensive field testing. Collaborative studies by a number of laboratories
      confirm the accuracy, reliability, convenience and general acceptability of
      personal monitors utilizing gas permeation for sample collection and
      quantification. Data are generated as timeweighted averages and response is
      linear from 5 ppb to 50 ppm. The monitors which weigh only 35 g are unaffected by
      variations in environmental conditions.

PMID- 696628
TI  - Measurement of chromium VI and chromium III in stainless steel welding fumes with
      electrom spectroscopy for chemical analysis and neutron activation analysis.
AB  - Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA) was explored as a means of
      studying the oxidation state of chromium in SMAC (coated electrode) stainless
      steel welding fume collected on Nucleopore filters in the laboratory. Chromuim VI
      and III (as a percent of the total chromium) obtained from ESCA analysis was
      applied to results from Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) to yield an average of
      69 microgram chromium VI per sample. Diphenylcarbazide/atomic absorption (DPC/AA)
      results are reported for samples submitted to an industrial laboratory. Possible
      chemical species and solubility of chromium VI in stainless steel fumes is
      discussed in light of analogy between the SMAC process and the manufacturing
      process for chromates.

PMID- 696629
TI  - Prediction of metabolic rates for manual materials handling jobs.
AB  - A mew approach for estimating metabolic rates for manual materials handling jobs
      is presented. This approach was applied to 48 different jobs. The model
      validation showed a correlation coefficient of 0.95 between the measured and
      predicted metabolic rates. The coefficient of variation (standard error/sample
      mean) was 10.2 percent.

PMID- 696630
TI  - Exposure to synthetic estrogens.

PMID- 696631
TI  - Collection and determination of trace amounts of organo-thiophosphates in air
      using XAD-2 resin.

PMID- 696632
TI  - Stability effect of hopcalite on the graphite furnace determination of mercury in
      air.

PMID- 696633
TI  - Detection of critical coronary lesions with treadmill exercise testing: fact or
      fiction?
AB  - This study was designed to determine whether treadmill exercise testing could
      identify patients with critical coronary lesions. Critical lesions were defined
      as obstruction of the left main coronary artery or concomitant narrowing of the
      left anterior descending and circumflex coronary arteries proximal to any major
      branches. The time of onset and degree of S-T segment depression were evaluated
      in 25 patients with critical lesions and in 50 patients with other types of
      lesions. S-T segment depression of 2 mm or more was present in 82 percent of
      patients with left main coronary disease and in 71 percent of patients with left
      main coronary equivalent lesions (both P less than 0.02 when compared with 36
      percent of patients with other lesions). However, half of the 37 patients with
      this degree of S-T segment depression had noncritical lesions. Ischemic changes
      appearing in the first 3 minutes of exercise were seen in 63 percent of patients
      with left coronary disease and 35 percent of the patients with left main coronary
      disease equivalent lesions (P less than 0.001 and P less than 0.002,
      respectively, when compared with only 6 percent of patients with other lesions).
      The incidence of triple vessel disease was significantly greater in patients with
      critical lesions (55 percent in patients with left main coronary disease and 71
      percent in those with the left main coronary equivalent lesions versus 10 percent
      in those with other lesions) (P less than 0.01). S-T segment depression of 2 mm
      or more is not a good indicator of critical coronary lesions because it has a low
      level of specificity. Consideration of the time of onset of ischemic changes adds
      to its usefulness, but it does not permit a definitive diagnosis in individual
      patients.

PMID- 696634
TI  - Hemodynamic and anatomic determinants of relative differences in amplitude of the
      aortic and pulmonary components of the second heart sound.

PMID- 696635
TI  - Apparent reduction of aortic and left heart chamber size in atrial septal defect.

PMID- 696636
TI  - Significance of left axis deviation in patients with chronic left bundle branch
      block.
AB  - Forty-nine patients with chronic left bundle branch block and a normal frontal
      axis were compared with 53 patients with left bundle branch block and left axis
      deviation. The following clinical variables were more frequent (P less than 0.05)
      in patients with left axis deviation: greater age, exertional angina, congestive
      heart failure, cardiomegaly, cardiac functional class II to IV, coronary artery
      disease and presence of organic heart disease. Absence of organic heart disease
      (primary conduction disease) was seen only in patients with a normal axis.
      Patients with left axis deviation had longer (P less than 0.05) mean P-R, A-H and
      H-V intervals and atrial and atrioventricular (A-V) nodal effective refractory
      periods. All patients were prospectifely followed up for 30 to 2,271 days with a
      mean +/- standard error of the mean follo-up period of 538 +/- 72 for the group
      with a normal axis and 604 +/- 72 days for the group with left axis deviation
      (difference not significant). A-V block developed in three patients (6 percent)
      with left axis deviation and in none of those with a normal axis. The cumulative
      4 year mortality rate for the entire group approached 75 percent. The patients
      with left axis deviation had greater cardiovascular mortality (P less than 0.05).
      In conclusion, among patients with left bundle branch block, those with left axis
      deviation have a greater incidence of myocardial dysfunction, more advanced
      conduction desease and greater cardiovascular mortality than those with a normal
      axis.

PMID- 696637
TI  - Cardiac biopsy evidence for a cardiomyopathy associated with symptomatic mitral
      valve prolapse.
AB  - Right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy was performed in 14 patients with mitral
      valve prolapse to determine the existence of an associated cardiomyopathic
      process. All 14 patients had echocardiographic, angiographic or auscultatory
      evidence of mitral valve prolapse, and all were symptomatic. The group had a high
      incidence rate of conduction system abnormalities (50 percent) and arrhythmias
      (64 percent), but only one patient had a significant hemodynamic abnormality.
      Light microscopy revealed an increase in endocardial and interstitial fibrosis in
      eight patients (57 percent). Electron microscopy, performed in 11 patients,
      showed mitochondrial degenerative changes in all 11. Nuclear chromatin clumping,
      intracell edema and myocyte degeneration were frequently present. It is concluded
      that endomyocardial and myocardial abnormalities exist in some symptomatic
      patients with idiopathic mitral valve prolapse.

PMID- 696638
TI  - Effect of digoxin on coronary blood flow and myocardial oxygen consumption in
      patients with chronic coronary artery disease.

PMID- 696639
TI  - Effects of digitalis on atrial vulnerability.
AB  - The effects of digitalis on vulnerability to atrial fibrillation and flutter were
      assessed in man, using the model of repetitive atrial firing initiated by post
      drive atrial extrastimulation. Nine patients without heart failure or significant
      mitral valve disease were tested before and 30 minutes after the administration
      of 0.01 mg/kg ouabain. When repetitive firing was manifested by flutter, neither
      the flutter cycle length nor the interval from the initiating beat to the first
      flutter beat was consistently altered by ouabain. Repetitive firing was found at
      the atrial site with the shortest functional refractory period. The vulnerable
      zone bordered this refractory period. The functional refractory period was
      lengthened after ouabain, from 231 +/- 13 to 246 +/- 15 msec (mean +/- standard
      error of the mean) (P less than 0.025). Partly because of prolonged
      refractoriness, the vulnerable zone was curtailed by ouabain, from 32.2 +/- 5.7
      to 9.4 +/- 4.6 msec (P less than 0.001). This result suggests a protective effect
      of digitalis against atrial fibrillation and flutter independent of its
      hemodynamic actions.

PMID- 696640
TI  - Pulmonary pulsus alternans in acute myocardial infarction.

PMID- 696641
TI  - Type A personality and extent of coronary atherosclerosis.
AB  - The relation between type A personality and the extent of coronary artery disease
      was studied in 109 patients who underwent selective coronary angiography. Type A
      personality as measured with the Jenkins Activity Survey was not correlated with
      the extent of coronary artery disease as assessed from the number of vessels with
      50 percent or greater narrowing of diameter.

PMID- 696642
TI  - Effect of lidocaine on conduction in the ischemic His-Purkinje system of dogs.
AB  - The effect of lidocaine on His-Purkinje conduction in dogs with ischemic damage
      to the His bundle was compared with the effect of lidocaine in normal dogs. The
      anterior septal artery was ligated in 14 dogs, and 30 minutes later atrial pacing
      was performed to increase residual ischemic damage. Four to 6 days later, His
      bundle recordings were obtained during sinus rhythm and atrial pacing before and
      after the administration of lidocaine in a dose of 2 mg/kg and a total dose of 4
      mg/kg. His bundle recordings were also obtained in nine control animals beofre
      and after the administration of lidocaine. Lidocaine significantly increased the
      H-V time in the animals with ischemic damage during sinus rhythm and at all
      packing rates. It also resulted in advanced His-Purkinje conduction defects
      including His bundle block and right bundle branch block in these animals. In
      contrast, the effect of lidocaine in the normal animals was negligible. It is
      concluded that lidocaine significantly depresses His-Purkinje conduction in the
      setting of preexisting ischemic damage. These results suggest that lidocaine may
      be used as a diagnostic tool to unmask latent His-Purkinje conduction defects due
      to ischemia.

PMID- 696643
TI  - Anatomic types of congenital mitral stenosis: report of 49 autopsy cases with
      consideration of diagnosis and surgical implications.

PMID- 696644
TI  - Maximal exercise capacity of children with heart defects.
AB  - Maximal treadmill tests following the Bruce protocol were performed by 830
      children with heart defects and the endurance times compared with normal values
      from 327 children seen in the same clinic because of normal murmurs and from 388
      normal children randomly selected and tested in the schools. When values in the
      normal clinic children were used as the reference, only 21 percent of the
      patients with heart defects had endurance times below the 10th percentile line.
      This line was 14 percent higher in the normal school children, and 47 percent of
      the patient group had values below the 10th percentile when values in the school
      children were used as the reference. Maximal heart rate in children with heart
      defects was almost always in the normal range (180 to 210 beats/min) except in
      patients with cyanosis or severe valve disease and, when encouraged to continue
      exercising, even these children had a mean maximal heart rate of 175 beats/min.
      When comparing the exercise capacity of children with heart defects with that of
      normal children, the source of the normal children is important; body build needs
      to be considered, as well as physical activity habits. Clinic patients without
      heart defects probably serve as a better normal control group than children
      obtained from the school system. Maximal exercise tests do not necessarily
      distinguish between children with mild or severe heart disease. Only children
      with lesions causing cyanosis or children with obviously severe disease have
      consistent reductions in exercise capacity.

PMID- 696645
TI  - The criss-cross and superoinferior ventricular heart: an angiocardiographic
      study.
AB  - The angiocardiographic features of 11 patients with superoinferior and criss
      cross type of atrioventricular (A-V) connections are presented. These unusual
      ventricular relations are thought to result from postseptation disturbances of
      ventricular looping. The angiocardiographic appearance of criss-cross is really
      an illusion, and the A-V connections among these patients are either concordant,
      discordant or straddling. The often small right A-V valve inflow and sinus
      portion of the ventricle, combind with the ventricular rotational anomaly,
      combine to give the angiocardiographic perception of criss-cross. A review of the
      11 patients from this institution and those previously reported on suggests that
      most patients have a transposition of malposition of the great arteries; many
      have a small right ventricle, and about half have pulmonary outflow tract
      obstruction. In addition to the obvious embryologic, morphologic and clinical
      implications of these distorted ventricular loops, the criss-cross A-V hearts
      raise questions about the various segmental nomenclatures applied to these types
      of congenital heart disease.

PMID- 696646
TI  - Congenital heart disease in a cohort of 19,502 births with long-term follow-up.
AB  - The Child Health and Development Studies are longitudinal studies of pregnancy
      and the normal and abnormal development of the offspring. Women who were membres
      of the Kaiser Foundation Health Plan entered the study in early pregnancy, and
      their children were examined frequently until the youngest child in the study was
      5 years old. This is a more intensive follow-up than hitherto reported. Of the
      19,044 live-born children, 163 had definite and another 31 had possible
      congenital heart disease; the crude incidence rates per 1,000 live births were
      8.8 for definite congenital heart disease and 10.4 for definite plus possible
      congenital heart disease. The incidence rate of congenital heart disease was 7.9
      percent among all stillborn fetuses subjected to autopsy and 10.2 percent among
      those in this group with autopsies evaluated as being detailed enough to detect
      heart disease. Among the live-born children with congenital heart disease, 21
      died in the neonatal period and 22 died in later infancy and childhood; about
      half the deaths were judged to have been due to heart disease. About 30 percent
      of the children with congenital heart disease had associated severe anomalies of
      other systems. In the whole cohort, 50 children had diagnosed chromosomal
      abnormalities (2.63/1,000 live births) and about 30 percent of them had
      congenital heart disease. Among the group of 163 children with definite
      congenital heart disease, the diagnosis was made in 46 percent by age 1 week, in
      88.3 percent by age 1 year and 98.8 percent by age 4 years.

PMID- 696647
TI  - Survival of patients with nontransmural myocardial infarction: a population-based
      study.
AB  - A population-based study was conducted in metropolitan Baltimore in which the
      short- and long-term prognosis of 283 patients with nontransmural myocardial
      infarction was compared with that of 953 patients with transmural infraction.
      After simultaneous adjustment for several variables, the in-hospital case
      fatality rate was greater for patients with transmural (30.1 percent) than with
      nontransmural (18.3 percent) infarction (P less than 0.01). However, for patients
      discharged alive from the hospital and followed up for as long as 10 years, no
      significant differences in survival were found between the groups with transmural
      and nontransmural infarction. A multiple adjustment procedure yield 3 year case
      fatality rates of 27.1 percent and 28.3 percent, respectively, for patients with
      transmural and nontransmural myocardial infarction surviving the acute phase.
      These results suggest that the long-term prognosis of patients with nontransmural
      infarction is as guarded as that of patients with transmural infarction and that
      attempts to prevent subsequent mortality should be diligently pursued in both
      groups of patients.

PMID- 696648
TI  - Relation of lipids, weight and physical activity to incidence of coronary heart
      disease: the Puerto Rico heart study.
AB  - The 2 1/2 year incidence of coronary heart disease was examined in relation to
      antecedent serum cholesterol and fasting triglyceride levels, physical activity
      status and relative weight in a cohort of 8,171 urban and rural men 45 to 64
      years old participating in the Puerto Rico Heart Program. In this population with
      a low incidence rate of coronary heart disease, risk of coronary disease was
      related to serum cholesterol in both urban and rural groups, but this trend was
      statistically significant only in the urban population. Neither the urban nor the
      rural population showed a substantial or statistically significant association of
      serum triglyceride levels with incidence of coronary heart disease. Correlations
      among relative weight and serum triglyceride and serum cholesterol levels were
      noted. Despite small differences in incidence of coronary heart disease between
      urban and rural groups, values for serum cholesterol, triglycerides and relative
      weight were all significantly higher in the urban men. Only physical activity
      levels were higher in the rural men. Multivariate analysis, performed to sort out
      the net effects of these interrelated variables, revealed that serum cholesterol
      is related to the risk of coronary heart disease even when all variables are
      taken into account. Low levels of physical activity were significantly associated
      with a greater incidence of coronary heart disease only in urban men (P less than
      0.05). Overweight, which was associated with higher lipid values and less
      physical activity, was not related to the development of coronary heart disease
      in either the urban or the rural cohort.

PMID- 696649
TI  - Thallium-201 myocardial imaging in anomalous left coronary artery arising from
      the pulmonary artery. Applications before and after medical and surgical
      treatment.
AB  - Thallium-201 myocardial imaging was performed on six patients with an anomalous
      left coronary artery arising from the pulmonary artery. Initial images in three
      children (aged 4 months, 12 months and 2 1/2 years, respectively) demonstrated
      anterolateral perfusion defects in agreement with the electrocardiographic
      localization of infarction. Repeat imaging in two patients 2 to 3 months later,
      after clinical improvement with anticongestive therapy, demonstrated a reduction
      in the perfusion defect. In 3 other patients (aged 16, 16 and 20 years,
      respectively) thallium-201 scans performed during exercise stress demonstrated
      normal myocardial perfusion 7 to 15 years after operation (ligation of anomalous
      left coronary in two, ligation plus bypass graft in one). Thallium-201 imaging
      appears to be helpful in monitoring changes in myocardial perfusion before and
      after medical or surgical treatment of an anomalous left coronary artery, and may
      shed light on the pathophysiology of the defect. A possible practical limitation
      of thallium-201 imaging in this condition is the difficulty of imaging
      subendocardial infarction.

PMID- 696650
TI  - Echocardiography and prosthetic valve malfunction.

PMID- 696651
TI  - Left ventricular pressure in aortic stenosis.

PMID- 696652
TI  - Porcine heterografts in tricuspid position.

PMID- 696653
TI  - Septal defect in transposition of great arteries.

PMID- 696654
TI  - Diastolic and systolic septal motion in patients with mitral stenosis.

PMID- 696655
TI  - Complications after provocation of coronary spasm with ergonovine maleate.

PMID- 696656
TI  - "Normal" cholesterol and atherosclerosis.

PMID- 696657
TI  - Ventricular inversion without transposition of great arteries.

PMID- 696658
TI  - Antiarrhythmic effect of verapamil.

PMID- 696659
TI  - Criteria for mitral valve prolapse.

PMID- 696660
TI  - Hypnosis, suggestions, and psychosomatic phenomena: a new look from the
      standpoint of recent experimental studies.

PMID- 696661
TI  - An experimental study of hypnosis in painful burns.

PMID- 696662
TI  - Crisis intervention and enhancement of adaptive coping using hypnosis.

PMID- 696663
TI  - Acupuncture and hypnosis compared: fifty-eight cases.

PMID- 696664
TI  - Brief hypnotherapy of neurodermatitis: a case with four-year followup.

PMID- 696665
TI  - Treatment of test anxiety by rational stage directed hypnotherapy: a case study.

PMID- 696666
TI  - Adenocarcinoma complicating columnar epithelium-lined (Barrett's) esophagus.
AB  - Prolonged reflux esophagitis leads to replacement of the esophageal squamous
      epithelium by columnar epithelium in some patients. This columnar epithelium
      resembles gastric or intestinal mucosa and has been implicated as a precursor of
      esophageal adenocarcinoma. A review of 14 cases of primary esophageal
      adenocarcinoma disclosed that 12 (86%) arose in a columnar epithelium-lined
      (Barrett's) esophagus. Ten of the 12 patients had a hiatal hernia or symptoms of
      reflux esophagitis or both. In ten patients the columnar epithelium adjacent to
      and remote from the invasive adenocarcinoma showed a spectrum of abnormalities
      ranging from mild dysplasia to carcinoma in situ. These data support the concept
      that esophageal adenocarcinoma is one complication of a columnar epithelium-lined
      esophagus, and suggest that the invasive carcinoma evolves through a sequence of
      epithelial dysplasia and carcinoma in situ in most cases. Esophageal biopsy and
      cytology can detect this dysplasia, and should provide an effective means for
      monitoring patients with Barrett's esophagus for impending malignancy.

PMID- 696667
TI  - Granulomatous mediastinitis due to rhizopus species.
AB  - Phycomycosis is seen most frequently in association with states of immunologic
      disturbance or hormonal imbalance. Several characteristic sites of infection with
      Phycomycetes are recognized, but mediastinal involvement has not been previously
      reported. A case of mediastinal granuloma due to Rhizopus species is described,
      and comparisons are made with other infections of similar histologic appearance.

PMID- 696669
TI  - Pneumothorax in a large autopsy population. A study of 77 cases.
AB  - Postmortem chest roentgenograms in approximately 3,500 cases of a random autopsy
      population were reviewed. Pneumothorax was found in 77 cases (2.2%). Simple
      pneumothorax was present in 38 cases, and tension pneumothorax or combined simple
      and tension pneumothorax was present in 39 cases. Only 40 of the 77 patients had
      been clinically diagnosed as having pneumothorax. Pulmonary conditions most often
      present in cadavers with pneumothorax were bacterial pneumonia, pulmonary
      emphysema, and pulmonary embolism, with or without infarcts and infarct
      abscesses. Procedures most frequently associated with pneumothorax were
      mechanical ventilation and attempts at cardiorespiratory resuscitation. Rib
      fractures (iatrogenic and noniatrogenic) were found in 23 of the 77 cases.

PMID- 696668
TI  - Myocardial abscesses.
AB  - A review of postmortem materials from two teaching hospitals, accumulated in a 14
      year period (1962--1975), disclosed 63 patients with myocardial abscesses among
      12,359 autopsies, an incidence of 0.5%. All 63 patients had multi-focal
      myocardial abscesses; the lesions were grossly discernible in six patients.
      Coexisting infective endocarditis was present in approximately 20% (12) of the 63
      patients with myocardial abscesses. Candida and Staphylococcus aureus were most
      common organisms responsible for the abscesses. Candida was identified in 23
      patients (37%) by histologic examination of the heart sections, and 11 of these
      also had antemortem blood cultures positive for Candida. Staphylococcus aureus
      was cultured from the antemortem blood of 22 patients, two of whom also showed
      candidal organisms in the heart at necropsy. Eighty-one per cent (51) of 63
      patients had abscesses in one or more extracardiac organs. It appeared that most
      of the myocardial abscesses had resulted from disseminated sepsis. Surgical
      conditions, malignancy and alcoholic hepatic disease were the most frequent
      primary conditions in patients with myocardial abscesses.

PMID- 696670
TI  - Rapid diagnosis of actinomycosis by thin-needle aspiration biopsy.
AB  - Actinomycosis was diagnosed in three cases by the use of thin-needle aspiration
      biopsy technic. Aspiration was utilized for morphologic studies and collection of
      material for microbiologic isolation. The critical histologic features of sulfur
      granules remain intact with aspiration technic. Thin-needle aspiration biopsy is
      a safe, simple, and rapid technic employed in the diagnosis of neoplastic
      disease. The use of this technic in the diagnosis of actinomycosis is
      demonstrated in this report.

PMID- 696671
TI  - Clinical significance of citrobacter isolates.
AB  - Little is know about the clinical significance of isolating Citrobacter in the
      clinical laboratory. During a one-year period, 116 Citrobacter isolates were
      obtained from 77 patients with 83 suspected infectious episodes. The majority of
      the suspected infectious episodes involved the urinary tract (45%) or respiratory
      tract (41%). Citrobacter diversus was associated with 42% of the episodes,
      Citrobacter freundii with 29%, and Citrobacter species with 29%. In 42% of the
      suspected infectious episodes, the presence of Citrobacter was considered
      clinically significant; in the others, the significance of the Citrobacter
      isolates was indeterminate or considered to be commensal. Two thirds of the
      significant infections were hospital-acquired. Most patients (73%) from whom
      Citrobacter was cultured had underlying diseases or factors predisposing to
      infection. These data suggest that Citrobacter is a cause of significant
      opportunistic nosocomial infection in the hospital.

PMID- 696672
TI  - Rapid amylase and lipase determinations by nephelometry.
AB  - The Coleman 91 nephelometer provides rapid, simple amylase and lipase assays,
      which are particularly suited to emergency requests. Linearity of amylase
      compares favorably with that of the Phadebas assay, and comparable precision was
      obtainable with serum and urine. Normal ranges for serum amylase are slightly
      higher than those based on the amyloclastic end-point assay. The serum lipase
      assay shows improved linearity over titrimetric procedures, although kinetics
      remain variably non-linear. Occasional sera show discordantly elevated
      nephelometric lipase and normal titrimetric lipase. Precision of the
      nephelometric lipase assay is somewhat lower than that of amylase; normal ranges
      are considerably higher than those based on titrimetry. Extremely lactescent sera
      may yield falsely low nephelometric amylase and lipase activities: these sera
      must be serially diluted to achieve actual values.

PMID- 696673
TI  - Transiently elevated apparent lipase by nephelometry.
AB  - Occasional patient sera showing normal or minimally elevated lipase activity in
      the 6-hour titrimetric assay and discordantly high lipase activity in the 6
      minute nephelometric assay were encountered. Most of these sera had normal
      amylase activity. They represented about 1% of outpatient sera subjected to
      amylase assay. A few sera with discordant lipase activities showed elevated
      amylase activities and were from patients with the diagnosis of pancreatic
      dysfunction. Nephelometric lipase assay in these sera showed pronounced nonlinear
      kinetics; in the most discordant cases a gradual decay of initially high activity
      to zero occurred. Elevated nephelometric lipase activity was lost inordinately in
      serial dilution of serum or on serial reduction of undiluted assay volume. In
      tracer experiments, two of these sera liberated no significant amount of free
      fatty acids after extensive "de-emulsification" of the nephelometric substrate
      mixture. This nonlipolytic "deemulsifying" activity was found to be relatively
      heat-stable in one serum. The nature of this activity remains obscure. A simple
      and effective protocol is suggested to detect and identify these aberrant
      nephelometric lipases in the routine laboratory.

PMID- 696674
TI  - A comparison of five manually operated coagulation instruments.
AB  - The results of activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time
      (PT) determinations on the single-channel Coag-a-Mate, Coagulyzer Jr., Clotek,
      Electra 650, and Fibrometer instruments were compared with regard to precision,
      day-to-day reproducibility of results, and accuracy. There was no significant
      difference among the machines when PT was analyzed. In the APTT study, the single
      channel Coag-a-Mate had the best overall precision (coefficient of variation 2 to
      4%), while the Coag-a-Mate and the Electra 650 had the best day-to-day
      reproducibility (coefficient of variation 2 to 5%). The comparison study
      indicated good correlation (r greater than or equal to 0.95) between the
      reference instrument (Bio/Data CA-15) and the single-channel Coag-a-Mate, Electra
      650, and Clotek. The correlation for the Coagulyzer Jr. was also quite good (r =
      0.95), but it could not detect some of the clots detected by the other machines.
      The Fibrometer showed significantly poorer correlation (r = 0.87) when compared
      with the other instruments.

PMID- 696675
TI  - A semiautomated turbidimetric method for determination of plasma fibrinogen.
AB  - A semiautomated turbidimetric technic for determination of the concentration of
      fibrinogen in plasma was compared with chemical analysis of the fibrin formed by
      addition of thrombin to plasma. The overall coefficient of correlation between
      the two methods was 0.98, although the turbidimetric technic was somewhat more
      accurate in hypofibrinogenemic plasma, and the chemical method, in normal plasma.

PMID- 696676
TI  - Evaluation of a packaged kit assay of serum ferritin and application to clinical
      diagnosis of selected anemias.
AB  - The reliability of a radioimmunometric assay of serum ferritin concentration by a
      packaged kit was evaluated. In addition, application of the serum ferritin assay
      to the clinical evaluation of selected anemias was assessed. When appropriate
      serum dilutions were utilized, this method was sufficiently reproducible and
      reliable for application to the clinical laboratory. Serum ferritin was found to
      be a valuable tool in the differential diagnosis of anemia accompanied by
      hypoferremia, although iron depletion coexisting with either the anemia of
      chronic disease or active hepatocellular disease may not be clearly appreciated.
      The primary advantage of the determination was to help characterize the iron
      status of the patient with a hypochromic microcytic anemia or hypoferremia who
      would ordinarly require a bone-marrow examination for iron stores.

PMID- 696677
TI  - A simple test for detection of sickle hemoglobin in the neonatal period.
AB  - The ease of denaturation by shaking of a solution of oxyhemoglobin S (oxy-Hb S)
      forms the basis for a simple and reliable test for confirmation or rapid
      detection of Hb S in children and adults. Comparison of results of this test with
      those from agar gel electrophoresis in capillary blood samples from 187 black
      neonates at 2 to 7 days of life showed no overlap of the amounts of hemoglobin
      precipitated between the group of neonates with Hb S (5.7--12.0%) and that
      without Hb S (0--4.7%). These results indicate that the shaking test, by virtue
      of being simple, reliable and inexpensive, may be used to detect and confirm Hb S
      in large numbers of neonates before their discharge from the nursery.

PMID- 696678
TI  - Specimen photocopying for surgical pathology reports.
AB  - A method of direct photocopying of surgical pathology specimens is described. The
      copy thus obtained can be included as a part of the surgical pathology report, to
      visually indicate locations of lesions, margins, measurements, and sites of
      sections taken for microscopic examination.

PMID- 696679
TI  - Tubular carcinoma of the breast. A study of frequency.
AB  - Tubular carcinoma of the breast is a recognizable histologic type of invasive
      mammary carcinoma, characterized by infrequent axillary lymph nodal metastases
      and an excellent prognosis. Of all carcinomas of the breast diagnosed in 1974 in
      the Louisville area, 42, or 10.3% were of the tubular variety. This is in
      contrast to the previously expressed opinion that tubular carcinoma is rare.
      Three histologic types of tubular carcinoma are described. Strict criteria for
      diagnosis of the mixed type are recommended.

PMID- 696680
TI  - Rhabdomyosarcomas of the uterus.
AB  - The authors report the clinicopathologic findings in four cases of adult women
      with rhabdomyosarcomas that originated in the endometrium or cervix, or both. All
      tumors were pure sarcomas and not components of carcinosarcomas or malignant
      mixed mesodermal tumors. In two patients, the tumors were typical botryoid
      embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas. Both patients were alive and well following combined
      treatments with surgery and chemotherapy or irradiation 3.0 and 2.7 years after
      operation, respectively, although one had a solitary pulmonary metastasis
      resected. The other two women had pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcomas, and both died
      rapidly of widespread tumor. Combination therapy rather than surgery alone
      probably should be used initially for patients with rhabdomyosarcomas of the
      uterus.

PMID- 696681
TI  - Splenic hamartoma.
AB  - This paper describes five cases of splenic hamartoma, a benign lesion, usually
      found incidentally in the spleen at autopsy. The current practice of laparotomy
      for staging of malignant lymphomas, especially Hodgkin's disease, has increased
      the numbers of surgically removed spleens. Because splenic hamartomas may be
      confused histologically with Hodgkin's disease involving the spleen, the authors
      have reviewed this entity, stressing the importance of recognizing and
      distinguishing it from a malignant process.

PMID- 696682
TI  - False-positive rubella hemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) titers in neonates and
      children with conjugated hyperbilirubinemia.
AB  - Two neonates, one with extrahepatic biliary atresia and one with cystic fibrosis,
      and a 9-year-old child with atresia of the common bile duct had conjugated
      hyperbilirubinemia and elevated rubella HAI titers when kaolin pretreatment of
      serum was used. A beta-lipoprotein fraction of the serum that is frequently found
      in association with biliary obstruction was shown to be the probable source of
      the rubella HAI inhibitor. This beta-lipoprotein was not removed by standard
      kaolin treatment of serum, but was removed almost completely by dextran sulfate-
      calcium chloride treatment. In the presence of conjugated hyperbilirubinemia,
      routine kaolin pretreatment of serum is an inadequate measure for the removal of
      interfering substances, as false-positive rubella HAI results are obtained
      consistently.

PMID- 696684
TI  - Laboratory studies of erythrocytic pyruvate kinase deficiency. Pathogenesis of
      the hemolysis.
AB  - Genetic polymorphism exists in erythrocytic pyruvate kinase (PK)-deficient
      hemolytic anemia, as briefly described. Destruction of erythrocytes varied in
      extent, but its mechanisms in different PK-deficient polymorphic persons
      investigated were similar. A paradoxical post-splenectomy reticulocytosis
      regularly occurred. Qualitative enzymatic differences, the biochemistry, and
      measurements of erythrocytic destruction were made in several PK variants. 51Cr
      autologous and cross-transfusions of PK-deficient erythrocytes into volunteers
      showed multimodel regression lines of several erythrocytic cohorts. 59Felabeled
      PK-deficient reticulocytes donated by PK-deficient splenectomized subjects were
      transfused 20 hours before splenectomy into two PK-deficient infants with
      hemolysis, and into two adult volunteers with autoimmune thrombocytopenia. The
      highest reticulocyte concentration in any organ initially was within the spleen.
      Radioiron-labeled erythrocytes and cytologic data showed large splenic
      reticulocyte pools. Splenic macrophages ingesting reticulocytes and erythrocytes
      were seen by both light and electron microscopy of the splenic pulp. After
      cyanide additives inhibiting reticulocyte oxidative phosphorylation, a bizarre
      erythrocytic cytologic configuration was found by scanning electron microscopy.
      These studies of PK-mutant subjects with PK-deficient erythrocytic hemolysis
      showed age dependent destruction of erythrocytes. Bimodal Cr survival data
      suggested reticuloendothelial removal of short-lived erythrocytes and
      reticulocytes. The transfusions of radioironlabeled PK reticulocytes and the data
      obtained by scanning electron microscopy suggested that the spleen was the
      initial hostile organ destroying a cohort of susceptible erythrocytes,
      prinicpally reticulocytes.

PMID- 696683
TI  - Serum enzyme tests in diseases of the liver and biliary tree.
AB  - Eight serum enzyme tests were performed over a three-year period in 1,147 cases
      of patients with suspected hepatobiliary disease, of whom 580 had identifiable
      primary disease of the liver or biliary system. Individually, aminotransferase
      assays did not provide good discrimination among the various categories of
      hepatobiliary disease, but when expressed as a ratio a useful degree of
      discrimination was obtained. Isocitrate dehydrogenase, guanase and glutamate
      dehydrogenase alone were poor discriminants of the various disease categories
      studied; combination of the latter enzyme with the aminotransferases in various
      ratios did not achieve worthwhile improvement. Adenosine deaminase was normal in
      most patients with extrahepatic obstruction and abnormal in most patients with
      parenchymal hepatic disease, and is potentially a useful test additional to the
      aminotransferases in routine diagnosis. 5'-Nucleotidase was more sensitive and
      specific than alkaline phosphatase in diagnosing hepatobiliary disorders.
      Abnormalities of all these enzymes were encountered in patients who did not have
      hepatobiliary disease, most frequently among subjects with cancer, diabetes
      mellitus, and diseases of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems.

PMID- 696685
TI  - The 125I-fibrinogen euglobulin clot-lysis test.
AB  - A new method for determination of the rate of plasma fibrinolytic activity is
      presented. The method is based on the euglobulin clot-lysis test, modified by the
      addition in vitro of a small amount of normal I-labeled fibrinogen to the
      patient's eublobulin fraction. The rate of fibrinolysis is determined by the
      release of radioactivity from the clotted euglobulin fraction as a function of
      time. The rate is expressed as the fibrinolysis constant, which is the
      mathematical value for the fibrinolysis curve. Mean normal value for the
      fibrinolysis constant for 17 normal adult volunteers was 0.14 +/- 0.09 (2 SD).
      The major advantages of this technic are that it is not necessary to rely on
      complete dissolution of the clot for the end point, the majority of the
      euglobulin clot is the individual's own fibrin(ogen), and a quantitative and
      kinetic index of overall fibrinolytic activity can be obtained.

PMID- 696687
TI  - Standardization of the one-stage assay for factor VIII (antihemophilic factor).
AB  - Although considerable progress has been made in perfecting the one-stage assay
      for factor VIII (antihemophilic factor), there remain variables that influence
      test results within laboratories as well as reproducibility between laboratories
      which have not been adequately evaluated. The purpose of this paper is to
      elucidate certain aspects of this assay that have not received adequate
      consideration and to describe the authors' assay method in order to provide a
      basis for comparison with results from other laboratories. It appears that
      variability results from: (1) differences in coagulability of different batches
      of substrate plasma obtained at different times from the same individual; (2)
      instability of some batches of stored substrate or standard plasmas; (3)
      variation in coagulability among vials of stored substrate or standard plasma
      from the same batch; (4) variation due to non-plasma reagents and instrumentation
      used to execute the test.

PMID- 696686
TI  - Rapid assay for measurement of serum ferritin.
AB  - The authors present a rapid modification of the tube immunoradiometric assay for
      serum ferritin quantitation. The method involves gentle rotatory mixing of the
      tube contents at ambient temperature and can be performed in a few hours.
      Variables affecting different stages of the assay were systematically
      investigated. The performance characteristics of the shortened assay in terms of
      reproducibility, sensitivity and recovery were then validated. Results with this
      method correlate well with those obtained by the conventional assay.

PMID- 696688
TI  - Phencyclidine identification by thin-layer chromatography. A rapid screening
      procedure for emergency toxicology.
AB  - The clinical manifestations of phencyclidine abuse may include bizarre
      neuropsychiatric symptoms, which may mimic the untoward reactions of a variety of
      illicit drugs. Specific diagnosis and therapy depend, primarily, upon
      consideration of this drug followed by its prompt and accurate identification. A
      rapid modified thin-layer chromatographic technic for the detection and
      differentiation of phencyclindine from other alkaloids and neutral drugs with
      similar Rf values in this system is presented.

PMID- 696689
TI  - Implementation of a pneumatic-tube system for transport of blood specimens.
AB  - Whole-blood specimens were transported through an installed 485-meter pneumatic
      tube system dedicated to blood transport. The system featured constant-speed, low
      carrier-velocity travel (3.6 m/sec) with controlled deceleration prior to arrival
      at its destination. Inserts were designed with ample use of padding to minimize
      agitation during transport and landing. Serum potassium, hemoglobin, and lactate
      dehydrogenase activity and whole-blood pH, PCO2, and PO2 were not altered in
      freshly drawn blood transported in this system. Partial filling or heparinization
      of the specimen containers did not alter the results. When specimens were allowed
      to clot prior to pneumatic-tube transport, significantly higher levels of serum
      lactate dehydrogenase were obtained. This study demonstrates that transport of
      whole-blood specimens by pneumatic tube without damage to blood components is
      feasible.

PMID- 696690
TI  - Chronic granulomatous disease with leukocytic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
      deficiency in a 28-month-old girl.
AB  - A 28-month-old girl, whose parents are first cousins, was hospitalized following
      a series of severe infections. Results of functional granulocytic tests permitted
      the diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease (lack of nitroblue tetrazolium dye
      reduction, impaired bactericidal activity for Staphylococcus aureus but normal
      activity for Streptococcus foecalis). Random migration was also impaired, and
      leukocytic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity was decreased (37%
      of the normal mean). In contrast, erythrocytic G6PD activity was normal. Similar
      leukocytic studies of both parents revealed a moderate decrease of the mother's
      leukocytic G6PD activity (62% of the normal mean). This case represents an
      additional argument in favor of the recessive autosomal transmission of chronic
      granulomatous disease in females.

PMID- 696691
TI  - Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma following low-dose irradiation.
AB  - Low-dose irradiation of the neck in childhood is associated with a markedly
      increased incidence of thyroid cancer. Such carcinomas have almost all been well
      differentiated, papillary or follicular types. This paper describes the
      development of metastatic anaplastic thyroid carcinoma in cervical lymph nodes a
      year after subtotal thyroidectomy for well-differentiated papillary carcinoma in
      a 32-year-old man who had had low-dose cervical irradiation at the age of 7
      years. It appears that irradiation-related thyroid carcinomas, in at least a very
      small number of people, may be associated with aggressive carcinoma.

PMID- 696692
TI  - Lymph-node identification by specimen radiography and xerography.

PMID- 696693
TI  - Automated antimicrobial susceptibility system.

PMID- 696694
TI  - Self-help groups viewed by mental health professionals: a survey and comments.
AB  - This paper presents a summary of a national survey of the utilization and
      evaluation of self-help groups by outpatient mental health facilities making and
      receiving referrals from self-help groups. Evaluations of self-help groups'
      effectiveness tended to be favorable, and respondents generally believed that
      they could play an important role in a mental health delivery system. Only 30.7%,
      however, believed that the probability was high that their agencies would be
      interested in exploring how their activities might be integrated with those of
      self-help groups.

PMID- 696695
TI  - Crisis intervention with families of servicemen missing in action.
AB  - This study investigated reactions and processes in a crisis situation as well as
      experiences of those who engaged in crisis intervention activities. Thirty-two
      volunteers, who worked with 55 families of servicemen missing in action during
      the October 1973 Mideast war, described the families' reactions to the given
      situation as well as their own involvement. Reactions to crisis and expectations
      from the volunteers are described and discussed. Special scrutiny was directed at
      the volunteering phenomenon, and at the volunteers' motivations, needs,
      reactions, and conflicts.

PMID- 696696
TI  - Community influences on mental health program evaluation.
AB  - Research in community psychology has demonstrated that community environments can
      play a key role in defining the operations of human service institutions. This
      study questioned whether significant community groups might indirectly influence
      the program evaluation record-keeping of mental health outpatient programs to
      reflect contact with problem areas considered important by those groups. An
      inventory of program evaluation materials was conducted in three types of mental
      health programs. The ranked frequencies of record completion for 10 designated
      problem areas were correlated with staff rankings of importance for agency work
      with problems identified by key community groups. Results indicate that the more
      important the community demand is to the staff, the more systematically complete
      will be data sources which document agency performance for that demand. Given the
      general lack of comprehensive development of program evaluation in many mental
      health programs, the results suggest that community interest groups may play a
      major role in determining what types of information on mental health problems are
      made available to the public. The resultant lack of balance and scope in these
      data inevitably limit the range of community responses for program improvement.

PMID- 696697
TI  - An assessment of a community's mental health needs.
AB  - In this study social indicators and survey measures were used to predict 3-years
      of service utilization by the residents of 26 census tracts served by a community
      mental health center. Ten social indicators were selected from available census
      tract statistics, and seven survey measures were taken from an epidemiological
      survey of the catchment area of the mental health center. These data were
      analyzed first with univariate analyses of variance and then with stepwise
      regression to test their independent and combined relationship with utilization
      rates. The results showed that mental health utilization rates can be predicted
      with considerable accuracy by social indicators and survey measures. Combining
      survey measures and social indicators provided the greatest accuracy; implying
      that both social and psychological forces need to be considered. Social
      indicators alone were shown to be more powerful predictors than survey measures
      alone. Survey measures may be particularly valuable in identifying the special
      problems of members of different neighborhoods, while social indicators provide
      clues about the location of high-risk neighborhoods.

PMID- 696698
TI  - Increased clinic awareness and attitudes of independence through client advisory
      board membership.
AB  - In order to determine the effect of client advisory board membership on clients'
      awareness of a clinic, and on client attitudes of independence, the responses of
      13 board members were compared with those of 13 matched controls on two self
      report measures (Clinic Recognition Test, Client Independence Questionnaire)
      before and after 3-month periods. Analysis of the results indicated that, whereas
      the responses of controls did not significantly change on the Client Independence
      Questionnaire, the responses of board members indicated a significant increase in
      attitudes of independence. And, even though both board members and control
      clients significantly increased their awareness of clinic and staff over 3
      months, the awareness of the broad members was significantly greater than that of
      the control clients.

PMID- 696699
TI  - The psychologist in the community mental health center: an analysis of activities
      and training needs.
AB  - Professional activities and expressed needs for additional training were examined
      in the case of 211 psychologists employed in 51 community mental health centers
      in western United States. Two-thirds of the work week is taken up directly or
      indirectly with traditional clinical services, 19% with community mental health
      activities; and the balance in program development, administration, research, and
      program evaluation. In contrast to the common assertion linking psychologists and
      research activity, the current results indicate that psychologists in community
      mental health centers devote very little time to research or program evaluation.
      Expressed training needs parallel reported activity patterns - highest for
      clinical functions and moderately high for community mental health functions. The
      significant impact of the community mental health movement is seen in both the
      distribution of professional activities and in expressed needs for additional
      competence.

PMID- 696700
TI  - Outcome evaluation of a referral system for juvenile offenders.
AB  - Referral systems, among the most recent delinquency prevention programs, have not
      been evaluated on outcome measures. This paper describes the effectiveness of a
      referral system for young offenders. The subjects were 239 referred and
      nonreferred juveniles who were apprehended by the police. Program effectiveness
      was measured in two areas: diverting youths from court and preventing youths from
      having further police contact (preventing recidivism). Results indicated that the
      program served multiple offenders more frequently than it did first offenders,
      and first offenders who received the greatest amount of service had a higher
      incidence of recidivism than did low-service clients. Suggestions are made for
      more effective development and evaluation of referral systems.

PMID- 696701
TI  - A comparison of three survey methods to obtain data for community mental health
      program planning.
AB  - A perennial problem for mental health planners is assessing community needs and
      existing services. The three most common methods used to obtain this data are the
      telephone survey, the mail-out questionnaire, and the face-to-face interview.
      However, there are advantages and disadvantages associated with each approach in
      terms of sampling, response rates, and economic costs. The present study utilized
      all three methods to survey the same community population in order to determine
      the comparability of obtained data and relative efficacy of the methods. A
      standard 21-item questionnaire was developed to obtain demographic and
      epidemiological data. This included nine Likert-type items to obtain opionions on
      a typical question such as "To what extent would you have confidence in
      recommending the Mental Health Center to members of your immediate family?" In
      the first method, survey teams made door-to-door interviews to complete 449
      questionnaires on a random sample. In the second method, 1,000 questionnaires
      were mailed to a random sample with returns requested. In the third method, 224
      people were randomly selected from the telephone directory and asked to respond
      to the questionnaire over the phone. Precautions were taken in all methods to
      ensure confidentiality of responses. All respondents were classified according to
      a two-factor index based on occupation and education. The data were analyed to
      determine whether comparable data were obtained through divergent methods.
      Results are discussed and implications are given for community mental health
      planners.

PMID- 696702
TI  - Attitudes toward seeking pastoral help in the event of the death of a close
      friend or relative.
AB  - This study examined correlates of seeking help from clergymen in the event of the
      death of a close friend or relative. Demographic factors and attitudes toward
      seeking pastoral help in the event of the death of a close friend or relative
      were examined in 116 subjects. Half the subjects were undergraduates and half
      were from local congregations. Age, sex, socioeconomic status, religious
      affiliation, marital status, and intensity of religious belief were related to
      favorableness of help-seeking attitudes. Findings concerning sex of the subject
      were consistent with those in more general studies on help seeking. The remainder
      of the findings were in the opposite direction from comparable studies where the
      source of help was a mental health professional and the circumstances for seeking
      help are unspecified.

PMID- 696703
TI  - Alcohol and illicit drug use: follow-up study of treatment admissions to DARP
      during 1969-1971.
AB  - The present study was based on follow-up data on 1409 persons interviewed 4 to 6
      years after admission to drug treatment in the Drug Abuse Reporting Program
      (DARP). The admissions to DARP occurred in 1969-1971, and for most persons the
      follow-up data included 3 or more years after termination of DARP treatment. The
      study focused on variations in alcohol consumption associated with post-DARP drug
      use and treatment status. The results indicated that use of alcohol and non
      opioid drugs (particularly marijuana) tended to be correlated, but that this was
      not true of opioid drugs. For a small segment of the sample, evidence suggested
      that substitution of use may have occurred between alcohol and opioid drugs.
      Also, persons with post-DARP drug treatment tended to use less alcohol than
      persons without treatment. Interpretations and implications of these findings are
      discussed.

PMID- 696704
TI  - Illicit drug use and return to treatment: follow-up study of treatment admissions
      to DARP during 1969-1971.
AB  - The present study was based on follow-up data on 1,409 persons interviewed 4 to 6
      years after admission to drug treatments in the Drug Abuse Reporting Program
      (DARP). The admissions to DARP occurred in 1969-1971, and for most persons the
      follow-up data included 3 or more years after termination of DARP treatment. The
      focus of this study was on illicit drug use of former DARP clients, taking into
      account if and when they reentered drug treatment after termination of DARP
      treatment. The results showed that a significant drop in opioid and nonopioid
      (but not marijuana) drug use generally occurred upon entry into other, post-DARP
      treatments, and that these beneficial effects of treatment tended to continue
      beyond the end of treatment. Overall, 42% of the sample had no further drug
      treatment during the first 3 years after DARP, and almost half (42%) of this
      group used no opioid or nonopioid drugs at all during this time. Comparisons
      between DARP treatment groups also indicated that therapeutic community clients
      had the lowest rate of return to post-DARP treatments.

PMID- 696705
TI  - Street heroin potency and deaths from overdose in San Antonio.
AB  - Disagreement over the mechanism of death in so-called heroin overdose has been
      noted in the medical literature for more than a decade. We studied the
      relationship between the potency of street heroin and the frequency of heroin
      overdose deaths in San Antonio in order to test the "pharmacologic overdose"
      hypothesis. We found a small, nonsignificant correlation (r=+.13) between monthly
      mean heroin dose and monthly number of heroin overdose deaths over a 5-year
      period. This low correlation contradicts findings of previous studies in
      Washington, D.C. and Atlanta, conducted over shorter periods of time, in which
      high positive correlations were found. The low correlation does not support the
      pharmacologic overdose hypothesis. Since there were confounding variables, the
      data do not refute the hypothesis. These variables include the use of alcohol and
      other depressants, hidden suicide, and reduced opioid drug tolerance due to
      institutional treatment.

PMID- 696706
TI  - Methadone and criminality: a suburban perspective.
AB  - In a suburban methadone program, using official police records, a study was made
      of patients' arrest records before and after methadone treatment. Eighty patients
      were willing to allow the researchers to secure their arrest records. These 80
      patients were similar to the total clinic population of 226 in terms of
      demographic variables, arrest records, and addiction history. For these 80
      patients both the rate of arrest and the number of patients arrested declined in
      association with entering methadone maintenance treatment. The decline was
      statistically significant for drug-related offenses but not for nondrug-related
      offenses. Overall, the decline in both rate of arrest and number of patients
      arrested was significant, but this was due to the decrease in drug-related
      arrests. Drug-related arrests play a dominant role in the criminality of the
      suburban patients in this study. Because of this, the reduction in drug-related
      arrests is more significant for this group of patients than it would have been
      for an inner-city patient population.

PMID- 696707
TI  - Chemical dependency education within medical schools: supervised clinical
      experience.
AB  - Physicians can play a significant role in chemical dependency, including early
      identification and intervention, referral to treatment resources, patient and
      community education, and responsible prescribing practices. Some medical schools
      have begun to provide instruction in the psychology, pharmacology, and physical
      pathology of chemical dependency; yet surveys indicate that few offer supervised
      clinical experience with chemically dependent patients. At the University of
      Minnesota Medical School, chemical dependency treatment centers are used to
      provide supervised clinical tutorials for all second year students as part of a
      coordinated chemical dependency curriculum. The authors describe the development,
      goals, organization, instructional approaches, and assessment of these tutorials.
      It is argued that chemical dependency treatment centers are a valuable resource
      in the education of medical students, as well as other professionls, if used with
      a view to their assets and limitations.

PMID- 696708
TI  - Coca leaf as a therapeutic agent.
AB  - South American Indians have used coca leaf as a remedy for thousands of years.
      Coca might be useful as a treatment for gastrointestinal ailments and motion
      sickness, as a fast-acting antidepressant medication, as a substitute stimulant
      for coffee in certain cases, and as an adjunct in programs of weight reduction
      and physical fitness. In leaf form, coca does not produce toxicity or dependence.
      Its effects are distinct from those of cocaine, which is but one of a number of
      active compounds in the leaf. Coca can be administered as a chewing gum
      containing a whole extract of the leaf, including alkaloids, natural flavors, and
      several nutrients. Legal mechanisms exist for importing, distributing, and
      dispensing coca, and experimentation with it by interested physicians would be
      valuable.

PMID- 696709
TI  - Personality and sexual behavior of the adolescent smoker.
AB  - The adolescent smoker (aged 14 to 17 years) shows little difference from the non
      smoker in terms of scores on the Cattell 16 personality factor inventory. In
      particular, there is no evidence of tension, extroversion, or reversal of
      sexually-biased personality characteristics. The sexual promiscuity of the
      adolescent smoker is probably related more to liberal attitudes and a propensity
      for risk-taking behavior than to uncertainty regarding sexuality. In this age
      group the decision to start smoking regularly may depend more on the influence of
      parents and friends than on an inherent personality structure.

PMID- 696710
TI  - Impact of sex on length of time spent in treatment and treatment success.
AB  - This paper examines the null hypothesis that there is no difference between male
      and female drug abuse clients in length of time spent in treatment and successful
      outcome of that treatment. The hypothesis is tested by means of multiple
      classification analysis on a random sample of 20,264 clients who were discharged
      from federally-funded drug abuse programs in 1975. Upon controlling for the
      effects of demographic client characteristics, treatment history, and drug usage,
      the authors conclude that the null hypothesis is sustained. Small differences are
      apparent, especially with respect to the length of time spent by clients in drug
      free modality and day-care environment and in detoxification modality and
      hospital environment, and with respect to treatment success for clients in drug
      free environment and hospital environment. However, these differences are not
      sufficient to warrant a rejection of the null hypothesis.

PMID- 696711
TI  - Efficient manometric technic for accurate regional measurement of esophageal body
      motor activity.
AB  - We have developed a single station, manometric recording technic that allows
      quick and accurate measurement of motor activity occurring in all regions of the
      esophageal body. The manometric instrumentation features a catheter recording
      assembly with eight recording orifices spaced at uniform 3 cm. intervals. Each
      recording lumen is infused with water by a minimally compliant hydraulic
      capillary system which achieves accurate recording of peristaltic and
      nonperistaltic motor activity in the esophageal body at an infusion rate of 0.5
      ml./min. Because the recording sites of the manometric assembly span a distance
      of 21 cm., a distance which approximates the length of the esophageal body in
      humans, a detailed map of motor activity over the entire length of the esophageal
      body is achieved by securing the manometric assembly at one suitable portion.
      Because frequent repositioning of the manometric assembly is eliminated, the
      method described takes only a few minutes for comprehensive assessment of
      esophageal body motor activity.

PMID- 696712
TI  - Prostaglandin E1 inhibition of acid but not gastrin.
AB  - Prostaglandin E1, while inhibiting gastric fistula and Heidenhain pouch acid
      output in the dog, did not inhibit gastrin released by acetylcholine irrigation
      of an isolated antral pouch independent of pH effect. Some increase in gastrin
      was noted to PGE1 against a background of calcium infusion and following a meal.
      This increase is presumably due to acid inhibition and to an increase in
      intraluminal pH.

PMID- 696713
TI  - Complications of vagotomy.
AB  - Most operations performed for peptic ulcer disease in the United States include
      vagotomy as part of the surgical procedure. This paper reviews the complications
      associated specifically with or increased in frequency and severity by this
      procedure. Included in this review are technical complications, gastric
      retention, recurrent ulceration, postvagotomy diarrhea, postvagotomy dysphagia
      and achalasia, postvagotomy biliary disease and nutritional problems. The
      frequency of these complications, their pathophysiology and therapeutic
      modalities available are reviewed. The main emphasis is on postvagotomy syndrome
      that can be treated medically and on the various treatment forms that have been
      suggested.

PMID- 696714
TI  - Clinical value of liver scans.
AB  - The contribution of technetium sulfacolloid liver scans on patient care was
      evaluated in 200 consecutive patients; 100 in a public (Grady) and 100 in a
      private (Emory University) hospital. The problem oriented record clearly
      described the effect of liver scan on: 1. assessment of the patient's problem(s)
      and 2. plans made for its diagnosis or management. For the diagnosis and
      treatment of 30 patients with intrinsic hepatobiliary diseases, the scan was
      useful in five but was misleading in four. Specific diagnosis was obtained by
      other methods which made the liver scan an unnecessary overutilization of a
      diagnostic procedure in the evaluation of patients with primary liver or biliary
      diseases. The scan was useful in 95 of 123 patients with extrahepatic malignancy.
      This was mostly due to chemotherapy protocols requiring the scans. Only 18% of
      positive scans had no other clinical evidence for hepatic malignancy. Definite
      diagnosis was not made in any of the 123 patients by liver scan. In 47
      miscellaneous conditions the scan was useless in 37 (79%). In three of these the
      scan was misleading and impaired patient care.

PMID- 696716
TI  - Achalasia of the esophagus. Pneumatic dilatation in a four-year old boy.
AB  - A four-year old boy with achalasia of the esophagus was successfully treated with
      pneumatic dilatation, using the standard Browne-McHardy dilator, without
      incident. His subsequent course over 10 months has been uneventful.

PMID- 696715
TI  - First 24 hours of acute pancreatitis. A biochemical and endocrine evaluation of
      initial versus repeated attacks.
AB  - Differences in metabolic homeostasis in 12 patients with initial vs. eight
      patients with repeated attacks of acute pancreatitis have been compared during
      the acute phase of the disease. As a group, subjects with a previous history of
      pancreatitis had significantly lower glucagon concentrations (P less than 0.002)
      for the over all 24-hour study period. Conversely, the serum concentrations of
      blood sugar, insulin, growth hormone, gastrin, cortisol, nonesterified fatty
      acids, triglycerides and cholesterol failed to distinguish between the two
      patient groups. Likewise, immunoreactive plasma parathyroid hormone and
      calcitonin levels were comparable in both patient populations. Of the
      measurements considered, it would appear therefore that plasma immunoreactive
      glucagon is the best indicator of previous pancreatic inflammation. Evaluation of
      parenchymal integrity during an episode of acute pancreatitis would be of
      prognostic and therapeutic value in this disease.

PMID- 696717
TI  - Gastrointestinal tuberculosis mimicking cancer--a reminder.
AB  - Tuberculous involvement of the gastrointestinal tract may be suspected in the
      presence of active pulmonary tuberculosis. This case demonstrates that
      tuberculous enteritis may develop in the absence of obvious pulmonary
      involvement. The diagnosis in such instances is established by a combination of
      roentgenographic studies and surgical exploration.

PMID- 696718
TI  - Gastric bezoars--spontaneous resolution.
AB  - Six cases of gastric phytobezoars were seen on fiberoptic gastroscopy over a
      period of four years during which time 1,400 gastroscopies were done. Four of
      these cases showed complete resolution of bezoars on repeat endoscopy during a
      follow-up period ranging from two weeks to one year. Our experience shows that,
      in the absence of gastric outlet obstruction, small bowel obstruction or other
      serious problems due to bezoars, they may not need surgical or aggressive medical
      treatment.

PMID- 696719
TI  - Pseudotumor in the Mallory-Weiss syndrome.
AB  - A Mallory-Weiss laceration with endoscopic and radiologic features of a
      submucosal tumor is described. Repeat examination showed complete resolution of
      the lesion.

PMID- 696720
TI  - Pancreatic internal fistula to the left pleural cavity.
AB  - A case of recurrent pancreaticopleural effusion is presented. The pleural
      effusion with high enzyme and protein contents resulted from a pancreatic
      internal fistula to the left pleural cavity. A sinus tract passing through
      esophageal hiatus was demonstrated by the endoscopic retrograde pancreatography
      (ERP). Surgical intervention afforded complete relief of abdominal pain and
      elimination of the pleural effusion.

PMID- 696721
TI  - Effect of acute and chronic administration of 5-FU on pancreatic secretion.
AB  - The administration of various dose schedules of 5-FU did not result in any
      alteration of pancreatic secretion. The findings would not support the thesis
      that the gastrointestinal side-effects of this potent cancer chemotherapeutic
      agent are the result of a toxic pancreatic insufficiency.

PMID- 696723
TI  - Prediction of creatinine clearance.

PMID- 696722
TI  - The radiology corner. The radiographic diagnosis of pica.

PMID- 696724
TI  - Moisture permeation of unit dose repackaging materials.

PMID- 696725
TI  - Patient-carried medication profiles.

PMID- 696726
TI  - Postgraduate pharmacy education in Australia.

PMID- 696727
TI  - Procedure for interhospital drug sales and purchases.

PMID- 696728
TI  - Changes in physicians' attitudes toward pharmacists as drug information
      consultants following implementation of clinical pharmaceutical services.

PMID- 696729
TI  - Training staff pharmacists for clinical positions.
AB  - A five-phase education and training program for establishing and maintaining the
      clinical competency of pharmacists in a 940-bed private, nonprofit hospital is
      described. In Phase 1 of the program, pharmacists are given selected textbook and
      journal materials in 15 study sections, each requiring 20--30 hours of the
      pharmacist's own time to complete. Phase 2 consists of two months of instruction
      in the daily clinical routine with emphasis on applying knowledge by
      investigating clinical problems through case presentation and by answering
      questions of health professionals. During Phase 3, the pharmacist is assigned to
      a patient-care area for two months to perform the duties of a clinical
      pharmacist. The pharmacist is assigned to the drug information center for two
      months during Phase 4. Phase 5, the year-round continuing education component of
      the program, consists of regularly scheduled clinical rounds, meetings and
      conferences. Upon completion of Phases 1--4, pharmacists selected for clinical
      positions provide clinical services for eight to 10 months and rotate to the
      pharmacy distribution area during the remaining two to four months per year. The
      education and training program described is important to the development and
      expansion of clinical services in this hospital.

PMID- 696730
TI  - Clinical segment of a pharmacy residency in a community hospital.
AB  - A 13-week, advanced clinical project segment of a one-year, nonacademic pharmacy
      residency program in a community hospital is described. The primary
      responsibility of the residents is to provide clinical services, which involve
      close monitoring of the patient's drug therapy and understanding the patient's
      condition and the goals of therapy. In addition, residents are involved in
      teaching activities, which encompass a class on drugs for diabetic patients, a
      patient self-medication program for open-heart-surgery patients, a class on TPN
      and the emergency drug tray for a new nurse orientation program and presentations
      on drug topics to various nursing departments. A seminar/case study on some
      aspect of patient monitoring, preparation of a drug information bulletin, and a
      trip to either a national pharmacy meeting or well-known institutional pharmacy
      department round out the program. Behavioral objectives for the clinical segment
      of the residency are listed.

PMID- 696731
TI  - Impact of drug information services on patient care.
AB  - The use of information provided by the Drug Information Service of the University
      of Connecticut Health Center and its effect on patient care were investigated.
      All drug information requests received during the period from May 1 to August 15,
      1977, were reviewed and followed up to determine (1) the usefulness of the
      information provided, (2) specific outcome(s) of applying the information to a
      patient-specific problem and (3) the ultimate effect of these outcomes on the
      patient. A total of 491 requests were received and 443 (90%) of these were
      followed up. Of those followed up, 421 (95%) were related to patient care. Of the
      421 requests related to patient care, 350 (83%) were patient-specific. Of the 350
      patient-specific requests, 329 (94%) were judged by the requestors to have
      provided useful information. Of these 329 requests, 202 (58%) resulted in
      provision of information that affected patients' outcomes, of which 157 (78%) had
      positive effects on patients. It is concluded that (1) the drug information
      center is providing useful information to health professionals, (2) the
      information is being applied to patient-specific problems and (3) use of the
      information is having a positive impact on patient care.

PMID- 696732
TI  - Physician use and evaluation of a hospital-based drug information center.
AB  - The use of a hospital-based information center by physicians was investigated. A
      questionnaire was used to gather information from physicians using the services
      of the center. The study was conducted over a six-month period. Of the 126
      questionnaires distributed, 115 (91.1%) were completed and returned. The number
      of physicians studied was 100. The five categories of drug information most
      frequently requested involved adverse reactions, dosage, therapeutic use,
      availability and toxicity. Physicians used information most frequently for
      purposes of direct patient care. Evaluations of the quality, accuracy and
      quantity of information provided by the center were high. Physicians using
      information for purposes of direct patient care felt the information was
      clinically significant. Although certain inadequacies were identified, it was
      concluded that the center serves as a reliable source of comprehensive and
      accurate drug information for physicians.

PMID- 696733
TI  - Measuring pharmacist time use: a note on the use of fixed-interval work sampling.
AB  - Pharmacist time use was studied to examine whether fixed-interval work sampling
      would provide results comparable to those obtained when random-interval
      observations were used. The study was conducted over a three-month period using
      pharmacists in a single community pharmacy as subjects; similar study methods
      have been used in hospital settings. Four separate measures of pharmacist time
      use were designated: tasks, duties, competencies and productivity. In every case
      the fixed-interval method gave an estimate that was not significantly different
      from the random-interval procedure (alpha greater than 0.05, difference of
      proportions test). The findings suggest that pharmacist work patterns are not
      sufficiently cyclical to introduce a bias in work sampling by fixed intervals.
      Fixed-interval work sampling yields results comparable to those using the
      standard work sampling methods that rely upon random time periods between
      observations.

PMID- 696735
TI  - What pharmacists can expect in the upcoming USP Dispensing Information.

PMID- 696734
TI  - Cross-reactivity between aspirin and ibuprofen in an asthmatic--a case report.
AB  - A case of an adverse reaction occurring in a 53-year-old, aspirin-sensitive
      asthmatic male with nasal polyps following administration of a 400-mg ibuprofen
      tablet is reported. Symptoms of the adverse reaction included an urticarial rash,
      labored breathing, laryngeal edema and tightness of the chest. Treatment
      consisted of isoproterenol inhalant (self-administered), subcutaneous epinephrine
      0.25 mg, intramuscular diphenhydramine hydrochloride 50 mg and intravenous
      hydrocortisone 250 mg. The pathogenesis of the patient's adverse reaction and the
      possible fole of aspirin, of other analgesics and of tartrazine in its
      development are discussed. The adverse reaction was not mediated immunologically
      but rather resulted from the prostaglandin synthetase (PGS)-inhibitor activity
      shared by aspirin, ibuprofen and other analgesics. Selection of an analgesic for
      an aspirin-sensitive patient should be based on the analgesic's PGS-inhibitor
      activity.

PMID- 696736
TI  - Intravenous acetylcysteine as treatment for acetaminophen overdose.

PMID- 696737
TI  - Photoreaction involving essential amino acid injection.

PMID- 696738
TI  - Treatment of digoxin poisonings.

PMID- 696739
TI  - Computerized drug interaction screening system.

PMID- 696740
TI  - Use of statistics in hospital pharmacy journals.

PMID- 696741
TI  - Price differences between single-dose and bulk-packaged vials of ampicillin.

PMID- 696742
TI  - Readability levels of patient package inserts.

PMID- 696743
TI  - Kayexalate candy.

PMID- 696744
TI  - Cimetidine and mental confusion.

PMID- 696745
TI  - Pharmacist-physician communication form.

PMID- 696746
TI  - Unity in pharmacy.

PMID- 696747
TI  - Effect of theophylline on allergen skin tests.
AB  - The effect of theophylline on allergen-induced wheal and flare responses of 15
      adults with atopy was studied in a double-blind, crossover study. After
      intradermal skin tests to determine baseline wheal and flare responses, subjects
      were assigned randomly to consecutive seven-day courses of theophylline 16
      mg/kg/day (as Aminophylline USP) then of placebo, or the reverse. Subjects were
      tested with mixed weeds and mixed grasses allergens and with histamine
      diphosphate, codeine phosphate and a buffered saline control. Skin tests were
      repeated two hours after the last dose of theophylline or placebo in each
      treatment course, and serum theophylline concentrations were measured. The
      surface areas of the wheal and flare responses were measured by planimetry. No
      statistically significant difference (p greater than 0.05) was found between
      theophylline and placebo in the suppression of the allergen-induced wheal and
      flare response. Serum concentrations of theophylline were within the accepted
      therapeutic range. In therapeutic steady-state serum concentrations, theophylline
      does not significantly suppress allergen-induced wheal and flare response of
      atopic patients, and withdrawal of the drug before skin testing is unnecessary.

PMID- 696748
TI  - Effect of adverse drug reactions on the length of hospitalization.

PMID- 696749
TI  - Cephalosporin-clinitest interaction: comparison of cephalothin, cefazolin and
      cephradine.

PMID- 696750
TI  - Distributing estrogen patient package inserts to institutional patients.
AB  - A procedure for the distribution of patient package inserts (PPIs) for estrogens
      to outpatients (ambulatory and home health care) and inpatients (acute and long
      term) was developed. The pharmacist dispenses the PPI to outpatients along with
      the prescribed drug. The name of the drug, the date, the pharmacist's initials
      and the fact that the PPI was issued are recorded in the patient's profile. The
      pharmacist then orally reinforces the information in the PPI. For inpatients, a
      preprinted double-tab label is adhered to the PPI which is distributed with the
      medication upon new estrogen orders. The portion adhered to the PPI lists
      instructions to the physician. The unadhered portion contains an area for
      recording the name of the drug product, the patient's name, the physician's
      signature and the date; this tab is affixed to the order sheet by the physician
      after he has provided and explained the PPI to the patient. Estrogens are not
      administered until physicians comply with the PPI procedure. While compliance
      with the PPI procedure has been satisfactory, this may be the result of a
      substantial decrease in the number of physicians ordering estrogens, along with a
      corresponding reduction in the number of estrogen products they now prescribe.

PMID- 696751
TI  - Teaching interviewing skills to pharmacy residents.
AB  - An instructional program for first-year pharmacy residents in the use of
      interviewing techniques when assessing the drug therapy of patients is described.
      The objectives of this project were to (1) teach the appropriate use of
      interviewing skills and (2) observe the performance of pharmacy residents in
      assessing the drug therapy of ambulatory patients. Instructional methods included
      a written self-instructional packet, videotaped lecture and demonstration skits,
      group discussion, and role playing. Following these, during a four-week period,
      the residents interviewed patients in the outpatient pharmacy and reviewed their
      performance on videotape with the instructor. Two simulated patient case
      situations using a resident posing as a patient who provided predetermined
      information were used to measure student performance in interviewing patients. An
      improvement in the ability of the residents to employ the interview techniques
      and to assess the therapy of patients was noted.

PMID- 696752
TI  - Use of a programmable calculator to determine steady-state levels of drugs
      eliminated by parallel first-order and Michaelis-Menten kinetics.
AB  - A programmable calculator procedure for the determination of steady-state levels
      of drugs eliminated by one or more apparent first-order plus one or two Michaelis
      Menten processes in parallel is described. The differential expression for this
      pharmacokinetic system was converted to a reduced cubic equation suitable for
      calculators with trigonometric functions. A detailed program description and user
      instructions are presented. Steady-state levels of salicylic acid as a function
      of dosing rate were calculated to illustrate use of the program in clinical
      pharmacokinetics. The calculator program provides a facile and rapid means of
      determining the effect of changes in dosing rate, bioavailability and elimination
      constants on steady-state levels of salicylic acid and certain other drugs with
      nonlinear elimination characteristics.

PMID- 696753
TI  - Prediction of gentamicin serum levels using a one-compartment open linear
      pharmacokinetic model.
AB  - The accuracy of predicting serum gentamicin levels based on a one-compartment
      open linear pharmacokinetic model was studied. Twenty-two patients accounted for
      59 serum gentamicin levels which were measured by microbiologic assay and
      compared with predicted serum levels determined by pharmacokinetic calculation.
      Seventeen serum levels were collected at peak times, 15 at trough time and 27 at
      times between peak and trough. Forty-nine of the levels were obtained from
      patients with impaired renal function. Predicated gentamicin levels correlated
      well with measured serum levels (r = 0.85, p less than 0.001). Of the measured
      levels, 56% were within +/- 1 microgram/ml of the predicted levels. Of 49 levels
      collected from patients with impaired renal function, 59% were within +/- 1
      microgram/ml of the predicted level. In 13 patients from whom multiple serum
      gentamicin levels were collected and predictions based on half-life or
      elimination rate obtained by fitting the first level, 83% of the measured levels
      were within +/- 1 microgram/ml of the predicted level. The one-compartment open
      linear pharmacokinetic calculations can be used to adequately predict serum
      gentamicin levels. In patients with changing or diminished renal function,
      pharmacokinetic predictions may not be accurate, and actual serum level
      determinations may be needed to monitor gentamicin therapy.

PMID- 696754
TI  - Evaluation of commercially and electrolytically produced technetium Tc 99m human
      serum albumin.

PMID- 696755
TI  - Chronic hypervitaminosis A.
AB  - A case of chronic hypervitaminosis A in a 51-year-old female is discussed. The
      patient was ingesting 27,500--35,000 international units of vitamin A daily for
      30 years. The patient displayed the classic symptoms of the disease, including
      skin and hair changes, esophageal varices and extensive liver disease. Vitamin A
      products were discontinued and the patient's dietary intake of the vitamin was
      minimized. Previous reports and studies of hypervitaminosis A are reviewed.
      Social factors causing increased consumption of vitamin A and regulations
      governing the sale of vitamin A are discussed. By being aware of the factors
      influencing vitamin A consumption, hypervitaminosis A can be detected and
      prevented more readily.

PMID- 696756
TI  - Hospitals defend formulary decisions against industry attacks.

PMID- 696757
TI  - Relative effectiveness and efficiency of group vs. individual training of
      severely retarded persons.
AB  - Two groups of severely retarded individuals were trained on a work-recognition
      task: One group was trained individually, i.e., in one-to-one training sessions;
      the four members of the other group were taught simultaneously by one teacher.
      The group-teaching strategy resulted in rates of acquisition that were similar to
      those found with individual instruction. Further, group training proved to be far
      more efficient in terms of teacher time; i.e., subjects trained as a group
      acquired significantly more skills in less teacher time than did individually
      trained subjects. The results indicate that group training is a viable and, at
      least in some situations, a preferable method for teaching severely retarded
      persons.

PMID- 696758
TI  - Category structure and semantic priming in retarded adolescents.
AB  - This study was designed to investigate the internal structure of semantic
      categories in mentally retarded adolescents as reflected in naming times to
      pictures of common objects. Pictures were presented in pairs that consisted of
      either categorically related or unrelated items. For related pairs, both the
      primes (first pictures) and targets (second pictures) varied in rated
      "typicality" (Rosch, 1975), being either typical or relatively atypical members
      of their primary superordinate category. An analysis of naming times to targets
      revealed a semantic-priming effect; targets in related pairs were named faster
      than those in unrelated pairs. Of major importance was the finding that naming
      times varied as a function of both prime typicality and target typicality. The
      data suggest that the semantic categories of retarded persons have an internal
      structure generally similar to that of the nonretarded persons from whom the
      typicality ratings were obtained and that even relatively atypical exemplars are
      functional category members for retarded persons.

PMID- 696760
TI  - Associative symmetry in the PA learning of retarded and nonrerarded children.
AB  - Mentally retarded and nonretarded children learned pairs of pictures in a single
      function order (A and B terms of each pair were in the same position throughout)
      or in a double-function order (all items were re-paired and served as A and B
      terms). Associative symmetry was demonstrated by all groups when the lists were
      presented single-function; forward asymmetry was demonstrated when the list was
      presented double-function. When categorized pairs were presented double-function,
      items that were correctly associated by category produced symmetry; items that
      were correctly associated but not by category produced forward asymmetry. The
      possible influence of single vs. multiple associations on associative symmetry
      was discussed.

PMID- 696759
TI  - Training visual-spatial ability in EMR children.
AB  - Educable mentally retarded children were randomly assigned to either a visual
      spatial training condition or a control group. The children who received training
      showed a gain from pretest to posttest on the Children's Embedded Figures Test
      that corresponds to approximately 4 years of maturation in nonretarded children.
      The performance of the children in the control group on the posttest was not
      significantly different from their performance on the pretest. Correlations
      between measures of visual-spatial ability and the employment adjustment of
      retarded persons obtained by other investigators suggest the potential importance
      of developing the visual-spatial skills of this population.

PMID- 696761
TI  - Effects of imitation training on immediate and delayed imitation by severely
      retarded children.
AB  - Contingent reinforcement was used in training eight severely retarded children
      who were previously judged to be nonimitative. A yoked control group was given
      comparable training, but with noncontingent reinforcement. Posttests of imitation
      of new behavior of a reinforced model showed significant immediate and delayed
      (15 minutes) imitation only in the contingent-reinforcement group.

PMID- 696762
TI  - Decision time and movement time as a function of response complexity in retarded
      persons.
AB  - The decision time (reaction time [RT]) and movement time of retarded persons as a
      function of the amplitude and precision of a discrete movement in both simple and
      choice RT paradigms was examined. The results showed that RT for retarded persons
      was considerably longer and more variable than for nonretarded persons. Movement
      difficulty only elevated RT with both populations in the choice RT paradigm, and
      the RT regression coefficient for the retarded subjects was considerably greater
      than that for the the nonretarded group. Retarded subjects' movement time was
      significantly slower than that of the nonretarded subjects. Movement difficulty
      elevated movement time for both populations, as defined by Fitts's (1954) law.
      The slope of the movement-time regression coefficients was significantly higher
      for retarded persons and did not change across 5 days of practice. These findings
      suggest that information-processing differences in motor skills between
      populations can be attributed to response parameters.

PMID- 696763
TI  - Construct and ecological validity of short-term memory measures in retarded
      persons.
AB  - The performance of retarded subjects on five short-term memory tasks was analyzed
      in order to determine whether these tasks possessed construct and ecological
      validity. I predicted that certain components of each task required an active
      strategic process for optimal performance, whereas other components would only
      require a passive process. A principal axes factor analysis was performed on the
      intercorrelations of these components, and three factors were isolated that
      accounted for performance on the five tasks. Two of these factors were viewed as
      representing active and passive processes, and the third factor was determined by
      a recognition-memory task and, apparently, did not require the same processes as
      the recall tasks. These findings indicated that some of the short-term memory
      tasks possessed construct validity. An additional analysis was the investigation
      of the ecological validity of the various short-term memory tasks. Several
      multiple-correlation coefficients between memory scores and measures of adaptive
      behavior were significant and support the interpretation that the measures of
      short-term memory are ecologically valid.

PMID- 696764
TI  - Reactivity of self-monitoring procedures with retarded adolescents.
AB  - The reactivity of self-monitoring procedures with retarded adolescents was
      investigated using single-case designs. The effects of two variables, social
      reinforcement and feedback, on the degree of reactivity were also examined. Both
      subjects monitored a socially undesirable behavior and were asked to self-record
      for extended periods of time with minimal cues from the environment. The results
      indicated that self-monitoring produced reactive decreases in the target
      behavior. Reinforcement had a differential effect across subjects, further
      altering the target behavior for only one subject. Feedback decreased the
      behavior for the second subject. The subjects' accuracy in self-recording was
      quite low.

PMID- 696765
TI  - Social reinforcement and the naturally occurring social responses of severely and
      profoundly retarded adolescents.
AB  - This study was designed to determine if the deficits in social behavior of
      retarded persons might be due, in part, to the failure of their environment to
      maintain that behavior. Using an ABAB design, we systematically ignored severely
      and profoundly retarded, institutionalized adolescents and gave them social
      reinforcement for appropriate social behavior. Social behavior decreased during
      nonreinforcement conditions and increased during reinforcement conditions. The
      data suggest that deficits in social behavior of retarded persons may be due to
      failure of their environment to maintain such behavior. Implications of these
      findings for staff behavior and the utility of the present procedure for
      increasing social behavior of institutionalized retarded persons were discussed.

PMID- 696766
TI  - Adaptive behavior and Uzgiris-Hunt Scale performance of young, developmentally
      disabled children.
AB  - The relationship between performance on a Piaget-based infant scale and adaptive
      behavior was assessed for 25 developmentally disabled infants and preschool
      children. Results indicated a significant relationship between these measures.
      Canonical analysis suggested the relevance of the Piagetian abilities of object
      permanence and foresight and the adaptive behavior skills of self-help and social
      behavior for this relationship. Discussion centered on research implications
      emerging from these findings.

PMID- 696767
TI  - Facilitation of class-inclusion performance in mildly retarded adolescents:
      feedback and strategy training.
AB  - Two experiments were conducted to explore the feasibility of training mildly
      retarded adolescents to solve class-inclusion problems. In Experiment 1, the
      effects of training consisting primarily of feedback were investigated. In
      Experiment 2, training with feedback alone vs. training with feedback plus a
      counting strategy was compared. Both experiments assessed the generality of
      training effects to specific training and/or posttest formats. Results suggested
      that training was generally effective in improving performance with untrained
      class-inclusion problems on immediate and delayed posttests. Feedback training
      with pictorial stimuli appeared to be effective regardless of posttest format.
      The effects of the other training method/format combinations varied according to
      posttest format.

PMID- 696768
TI  - Comments on "Encoding and high-speed memory scanning..." by Maisto and Jerome.
AB  - Maisto and Jerome (1977) reported differences in reaction-time (RT) performance
      between retarded and nonretarded adolescents. They used the additive factor
      method, and their results showed differences in the speed of active memory
      scanning between the two populations; however, they violated a critical
      assumption underlying interpretation of the results, as there was nonindependence
      of the slope and intercept values of the function relating memory load to RT of
      retarded subjects. This departure from theoretically acceptable conditions makes
      the Maisto and Jerome data difficult to interpret.

PMID- 696769
TI  - Comments on the use of the additive factor method with mentally retarded persons:
      a reply to Silverman.
AB  - Maisto and Jerome (1977) reported a choice reaction time (RT) study relating the
      rate of memory scan to level of intellectual functioning. In this study, slope
      and intercept values of the RT function were found to be inversely related.
      Silverman (1978) has raised some concern over the conclusions reached by Maisto
      and Jerome due to the slope-intercept relationship revealed in their study, which
      seemingly violates one of the underlying assumptions of the additive factor
      method. Data were presented from previously reported research that places a
      number of studies with retarded persons as subjects suspect to this violation.
      Possible explanations for this finding were also provided.

PMID- 696770
TI  - Academic performance and cognitive processes in EMR children.
AB  - The present study investigated the extent to which simultaneous and successive
      processing were related both to academic achievement and Verbal and Performance
      IQs in EMR adolescents. Simultaneous processing involves the integration of
      individual stimuli into quasi-spatial groups, whereas successive processing
      integrates individual stimuli into temporally organized successive series.
      Simultaneous processing was significantly related to WRAT arithmetic and WISC
      Performance IQ, whereas successive processing was involved in WRAT spelling and
      WRAT oral reading and negatively related to WISC Performance IQ. Silent reading
      and WISC Verbal IQ were related to neither processing strategy. These findings
      were considered in the broader context of the processing demands underlying
      decoding and comprehension skills in different subject populations.

PMID- 696771
TI  - Autistic children: a study of learning characteristics and programming needs.
AB  - Learning-acquisition characteristics of six autistic children were studied in
      order to examine programming needs. Two studies were conducted. Study 1 showed
      that the first step of a color-cued sequencing task required four times more
      trials to learn than did the remaining five steps, producing a significant
      learning-to-learn curve. Study 2 confirmed earlier findings that extra-stimulus
      prompts are comparatively ineffective with autistic children when compared to
      within-stimulus prompts and showed extra-stimulus prompting to be effective
      following the use of within-stimulus prompting on a similar task.

PMID- 696772
TI  - Premature labor and premature rupture of the membranes.

PMID- 696773
TI  - Wedge resection in massive edema of the ovary.

PMID- 696774
TI  - Fatal meconium aspiration "in utero": a case report.

PMID- 696775
TI  - Development of a noncrushing vascular clamp for pelvic surgery.

PMID- 696776
TI  - Self-limited hemolytic transfusion reaction in an ABO-incompatible maternal-fetal
      unit.

PMID- 696777
TI  - Uchida tubal sterilization failure: a report of four cases.

PMID- 696778
TI  - Continuous cervical dilatation monitoring by ultrasonic methods during labor.
AB  - Continuous recording of cervical dilatation during labor has been investigated in
      13 pregnancies. The recordings were obtained with an ultrasonic cervimeter that
      continuously monitors cervical dilatation from the transit time of ultrasound
      signals between two piezoelectric crystals attached on the uterine cervix. A
      small spring-loaded clip allowed each crystal to be fixed on the rim of the
      cervical os. Clinical accuracy was +/- 0.6 cm. When the ultrasound recording of
      cervical dilatation is compared to the intrauterine pressure curve, it is
      characterized by a baseline and wave-shape curve of dilatation (DWP). The maximal
      amplitude component is called cervical maximal plasticity. The onset of the DWP
      is related to cervical resistivity, and the end of DWP reflects the relaxation
      time of cervical dilatation. The data show that as dilatation enters the active
      phase of labor, the plasticity, the resistivity, and the duration of relaxation
      of the cervix increase. These observations are discussed and related to the
      structural changes of the cervix during labor.

PMID- 696779
TI  - The syndromes of hydatidiform mole. II. Morphologic evolution of the complete and
      partial mole.
AB  - Hydatidiform moles studied with respect to cytogenetics and morphologic
      constitution were divisible into two syndromes: (1) complete, classical mole
      giving a 46 XX karyotype and (2) partial mole with an ascertainable embryo/fetus,
      dead or alive, giving a triploid karyotype. The complete moles undergo early and
      total hydatidiform change from edema to central cistern formation, the embryos
      proper having perished before the establishment of a functioning circulation.
      Trophoblastic hyperplasia is conspicuous and the connection of this group to
      chorioncarcinoma is well established. In the partial moles there is a slow
      hydatidiform change that affects only some of the villi, but which seems to
      follow along the same lines as in complete moles. There is focal moderate
      trophoblastic hyperplasia, villous "trophoblastic inclusions" (that appear in
      triploids only), and maze-like central cisterns in the later cases. The partial
      mole, 46 XX, partakes of morphologic characteristics of both main syndromes and
      may represent an unusual syndrome of its own. The two main syndromes can now be
      distinguished morphologically and the question of the association of the partial
      mole with chorioncarcinoma has now to be further studied.

PMID- 696780
TI  - Dramatic pyrexic and cardiovascular response to intravaginal prostaglandin E2.
AB  - The efficacy of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) for the induction of labor in pregnancies
      complicated by IUFD or missed abortion has been demonstrated. Gastrointestinal
      and pyrexic side effects are frequently observed. The following report describes
      two patients with documented IUFD who experienced a dramatic pyrexic and
      cardiovascular response to the intravaginal PGE2. In addition, evidence will be
      provided to account for this unusual pharmacologic reaction, as well as provide a
      method of managing this unusual side effect.

PMID- 696781
TI  - A study of fetal acceleration tests.
AB  - The fetal acceleration test (FAT) is a means of assessing uteroplacental
      integrity by observing fetal heart patterns while being stressed by fetal
      movement. Of 584 tests performed on high-risk obstetric patients, 176 were done
      within 1 week prior to delivery. Favorable antepartum FAT results correlated with
      unremarkable initial intrapartum fetal monitor tracings in 128 (97.7 per cent) of
      131 cases and also favorable 5 minute Apgar scores (7 to 10) in 128 (97.7 per
      cent) of 131 cases. An inconclusive FAT correlated with an abnormal OCT or
      intrapartum monitor tracing in nine of 10 tracings. Two infants with previously
      abnormal or suspicious FAT, OCT, and intrapartum fetal heart tracings were
      stillborn. The FAT was also less time-consuming and had fewer complications.
      These results show the FAT to be an effective clinical test for managing high
      risk pregnancies with possible placental insufficiency.

PMID- 696782
TI  - Effects of human maternal venous plasma glucose concentrations on fetal breathing
      movements.
AB  - Human fetal breathing movements were studied following the maternal ingestion of
      either a 50 Gm. oral glucose load or an equal volume of water in 22 healthy women
      with uncomplicated pregnancies at 32 to 34 weeks' gestation. The percentage of
      time spent breathing in fetuses of glucose-treated mothers increased from 23.2 +/
      2.2 per cent during the control period to a maximum of 58.9 +/- 5.2 per cent at
      105 minutes following the oral glucose load (p less than 0.01) which was one hour
      following the peak maternal plasma glucose concentration. No similar increase in
      maternal glucose concentrations or percentage time spent breathing occurred in
      patients receiving water. Fetal breathing movements were observed in 97 per cent
      of the 15 minute periods during the second and third hour after maternal
      ingestion of a 50 Gm. oral glucose load. It was concluded that maternal
      carbohydrate intake two hours prior to fetal breathing observations should be
      documented to permit adequate interpretation of fetal breathing activity.

PMID- 696783
TI  - Cardiac output and its distribution and organ blood flow in the fetal lamb during
      ritodrine administration.
AB  - The response of the fetal circulation to beta adrenergic stimulation with
      ritodrine hydrochloride has been investigated by long-term monitoring of the
      fetal lamb in utero. Ritodrine was infused intravenously either into the ewe or
      directly into the fetus, and cardiovascular and acid-base responses were
      measured. Fetal cardiac output and its distribution were measured with the use of
      radionuclide-labeled microspheres. The output of each ventricle also was measured
      by means of long-standing implanted electromagnetic flow transducers around the
      ascending aorta or pulmonary trunk during infusion of ritodrine at various rates
      into the fetus. Infusion of ritodrine (1.9 mcg. per kilogram per minute) into the
      ewe caused no change in fetal heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac output, or
      umbilical blood flow, but did cause an increase in fetal adrenal and myocardial
      blood flow. Ritodrine infused directly into the fetus produced a marked increase
      in fetal heart rate and a minimal change in cardiac output. There were no
      significant changes in fetal or maternal acid-base balance during the ritodrine
      infusions.

PMID- 696784
TI  - Fetal heart rate reaction to amniocentesis as an indicator of fetal well-being.
AB  - The reaction of the FHR to amniocentesis in 43 pregnancies is reported. In 10
      pregnancies the FHR reacted with deceleration. Eight of the 10 patients underwent
      subsequent labor and all developed fetal distress requiring cesarean section. In
      31 pregnancies the FHR reacted with an acceleration. Twenty-five of these
      patients subsequently underwent labor without evidencing fetal distress and the
      remainder were delivered by cesarean section without labor. In two pregnancies no
      FHR response occurred following amniocentesis. In both no evidence of fetal
      distress occurred during labor. The significance of this test as an indicator of
      fetal well-being is discussed.

PMID- 696785
TI  - Labeling of phosphatidylcholine in the alveolar wash of rabbits in utero.
AB  - Radioactive palmitic acid, choline, and phosphate were given to rabbits 28 and 30
      days pregnant and the labeling;of phosphatidylcholine in the fetal lung and
      alveolar wash was studied. Labeled phosphatidylcholine was detected initially in
      the alveolar wash three hours after isotope administration. The three-hour delay
      was independent of precursor studied or gestational age, and the radioactive
      phosphatidylcholine continued to accumulate in the wash fluid for at least 18
      hours. Each labeled precursor of phosphatidylcholine sequentially labeled the
      phosphatidylcholine from microsomal, lamellar body and alveolar wash lung
      fractions of the 30 day fetal animals.

PMID- 696786
TI  - Use of partial exchange transfusion preoperatively in patients with sickle cell
      hemoglobinopathies.
AB  - Sickle cell anemia and other severe sickle cell disorders (hemoglobin SC and
      hemoglobin S-thalassemia) are known to complicate surgical procedures in
      susceptible patients. Although transfusions have been used preoperatively to
      increase the packed cell volume, we have recently used the method of partial
      exchange transfusion in the treatment of patients with these disorders in the
      preoperative period. Forty-two patients with significant sickle cell
      hemoglobinopathies underwent operative procedures on various surgical services.
      The goal was to obtain a hemoglobin A percentage of 40 or above in each case, and
      this required 480 to 1,150 c.c. of buffy coat poor washed red cells (mean 820
      c.c.). The number of complications in the intraoperative and postoperative period
      in this study was compared to those found in the literature. There was a
      significant decrease in morbidity and mortality rates noted with the use of these
      transfusions. There appeared to be a great advantage on a cost-benefit ratio, as
      well as an improvement in the physiologic state of the patient. Although the
      results of this study show significant improvement over previous investigations,
      there are many facets unknown concerning the use of this modality under these and
      other conditions. Therefore, further investigation of this method and restriction
      of the method of Level III referral centers is advocated until enough patients
      have been studied to assess the long- and short-term complications of the
      procedure.

PMID- 696787
TI  - Professional patient-instructors in the teaching of the pelvic examination.
AB  - A class of 100 second-year medical students was randomly divided into two groups
      for instruction in the techniques of the gynecologic examination. Each group
      received a lecture and a demonstration film. The control group then had practical
      instruction on office or clinic patients. The study group was instructed by
      specially trained clinical teaching associates who acted both as professional
      patients and as teachers. After practice in clinics and offices, both groups
      received a common evaluation by gynecologists and teaching associates. Students
      who were instructed by clinical teaching associates performed better on
      subsequent pelvic examinations and demonstrated superior communications skills
      compared with the control group.

PMID- 696788
TI  - Effect of the specific angiotensin antagonist (Sar1) (Ala8) angiotensin II on
      blood pressure and the renin-angiotensin system in the conscious pregnant ewe and
      fetus.
AB  - A direct relationship was found between maternal diastolic blood pressure and
      simultaneously measured angiotensin II (All) levels (P less than 0.001) in
      chronically cannulated pregnant ewes. The infusion of Saralasin to the ewe
      resulted in a dose-dependent fall in blood pressure (P less than 0.005), the
      magnitude of which was proportional to the initial All levels (P less than
      0.025). Plasma renin and All levels rose significantly during the infusion. No
      consistent fetal effects were seen. The infusion of normal saline had no effect
      on blood pressure or hormone levels. Thus it seems likely that the renin
      angiotensin system is involved with the maintenance of normal blood pressure in
      the pregnant sheep. Fetal blood pressure either fell significantly or was
      unchanged following direct infusion of Saralasin. This may be related to
      development of the beta-adrenergic nervous system. The renin-angiotensin system
      may be more important in cardiovascular homeostasis in the immature than in the
      adult animal.

PMID- 696789
TI  - Sarcoidosis of the female genital tract.
AB  - Sarcoidosis, a chronic, multisystemic disease, is characterized histologically by
      discrete, well-formed granulomas with little central necrosis. It can affect any
      organ system in the body and rarely involves the female genital tract. This
      report includes the description of a patient with genital involvement by sarcoid
      granulomas, who presented with postmenopausal bleeding.

PMID- 696791
TI  - A search for antigen-antibody complexes in pre-eclampsia: further evidence
      against immunologic pathogenesis.
AB  - Circulating immune (antigen-antibody) complexes have been proposed as possible
      important in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia. Thirty-four serum samples from
      pre-eclamptic women were examined for the presence of antigen-antibody complexes
      by the C1q binding and Raji cell assays. Slightly abnormal C1q binding occurred
      in two serum samples, while all Raji cell determinations were found to be in the
      normal range for a healthy, nonpregnant population. It is concluded that
      circulating immune complexes do not occur regularly in pre-eclampsia.

PMID- 696790
TI  - The effect of a progesterone-releasing intrauterine contraceptive device on
      uterine secretion of prostaglandin F2alpha and life-span of corpora lutea in the
      ewe.
AB  - Two studies were conducted to investigate the effect of a progesterone-releasing
      intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) on uterine secretion of prostaglandin
      (PG) F2alpha associated with IUD-induced luteolysis in sheep. In bilaterally
      ovulating ewes receiving an IUD on day 3 (estrus = day 0) intrauterine release of
      progesterone (90 microgram per day) by the device did not prevent premature
      luteolysis or the increased concentration of PGF2alpha in uterine venous plasma
      on day 5 caused by conventional IUD's. In the second study a progesterone
      releasing IUD (645 microgram per day) inserted adjacent to the intact ovary at
      unilateral ovariectomy on day 14 inhibited early luteolysis in the subsequent
      estrous cycle and reduced the uterine secretion of PGF2alpha on day 5, without
      affecting concentrations of progesterone in the peripheral circulation at the
      intervening estrus. It is suggested that locally delivered intrauterine
      progesterone can inhibit IUD-induced luteolysis in the ewe by suppressing the
      uterine secretion of PGF2alpha.

PMID- 696792
TI  - Oxygen flux into the human cornea when covered by a soft contact lens.
AB  - Corneal thickness was measured in human subjects who wore gel lenses that varied
      only in center thickness. The amount of corneal swelling that developed was a
      function of center lens thickness. Based on these data and the results of a
      previous study, the minimum oxygen tension under the lens necessary to maintain
      normal corneal hydration was determined to be 10 mm Hg. The critical oxygen flux
      into the cornea at this oxygen tension is 2 microliter/cm2 x hr. Gel-lens center
      thickness and oxygen permeability can be altered to increase the oxygen tension
      at the tear/lens interface and resultant oxygen flux into the cornea by
      increasing the oxygen transmissibility of the lens.

PMID- 696793
TI  - Measurement of oxygen flux into the cornea by pressing a sensor onto a soft
      contact lens on the eye.
AB  - A polarographic oxygen sensor pressed against a soft contact lens worn on the eye
      gives data from which can be calculated the oxygen flux into the cornea. The
      procedure requires knowledge of the diffusion coefficient and solubility of
      oxygen in the contact lens material. The procedure works best when used with
      contact lenses of about 40% water content.

PMID- 696794
TI  - Age, reading, and myopia.
AB  - This paper tests whether the use-abuse theory or the biological theory of myopia
      explains the appearance and progression of myopia among 12--17 year olds in the
      United States. The use-abuse theory predicts that current amount of reading and
      cumulative exposure to reading, as indicated by years of schooling, explain
      myopia. The biological theory predicts that either age from birth or age from
      puberty explains any tendency for myopia to appear and progress among children or
      adolescents. Regression analysis shows that education explains all the tendency
      for myopia to appear and progress among 12--17-years-olds. When we control for
      education, age is not related to increased myopia. Myopia progresses, on the
      average, 0.22 D per academic year. However, education explains only a small
      fraction of the variance in myopia.

PMID- 696795
TI  - The discrepancy between retinoscopic and subjective measurements: Effect of age.
AB  - Comparison of the retinoscopic and subjective measurements of 1078 eyes of all
      ages showed that the discrepancy (retinoscopy--subjective) was positive and equal
      to 0.3--0.4 D in young eyes. The discrepancy diminished with age, eventually
      becoming negative in the 6th decade of life. The results are explained by
      postulating that retinoscopic light is reflected from the internal limiting
      membrane in young eyes and from a layer posterior to the photoreceptors in older
      eyes.

PMID- 696796
TI  - A new method of determining the primary position of the eye using Listing's law.
AB  - A new method of determining the primary direction of regard, using Listing's law
      as a basis, is described. Previous techniques have required a trial-and-error
      experimental procedure. The present technique requires only a single measurement
      set of eye torsions in selected gaze directions. Experimental data to illustrate
      the technique are presented.

PMID- 696797
TI  - Evaluation of the pneuma-tonometer.
AB  - Intraocular pressure in 125 randomly selected patients visiting the eye clinic at
      the Massachusetts Institute of Technology for routine care was measured with a
      Goldmann applanation tonometer and a model 30R Pneuma-Tonometer. Pairs of reading
      were taken with each instrument when possible, and each trace of the Pneuma
      Tonometer measurement was subsequently read blind and independently by two
      observers. The standard deviation of the differences between the two readers'
      values obtained on 416 traces was 0.44 mm Hg. The standard deviation of the
      differences between paired Pneuma-Tonometer readings on 186 eyes was 1.75 mm Hg.
      With data selected for cause the mean Pneuma-Tonometer reading was 0.40 mm Hg
      higher, the standard deviation of the differences between the instruments was
      1.50 mm Hg, and the correlation coefficient was 0.88. Alternatives to the
      customary use of linear regression methods of assessing calibration are proposed.

PMID- 696798
TI  - Applying new design principles to the construction of an illiterate E chart.
AB  - New design principles have been applied to the construction of an illiterate E
      chart. A chart can thus be produced in which the only variable in the visual
      acuity task for letters of different size is the letter size itself. A simple
      method for using this chart in field studies is described.

PMID- 696799
TI  - Morphologic abnormalities in potassium-deficient dogs.
AB  - Potassium deficiency was produced in 16 dogs by means of a diet containing less
      than 0.03% potassium. Decreases in serum potassium were first observed after 3
      weeks. Morphologic changes occurred only in heart, skeletal muscle, and kidney.
      Focal myocardial necrosis was observed in 6 of 16 deficient dogs, and skeletal
      muscle degeneration and necrosis were observed in 14 of 16 deficient dogs. A
      complex nephropathy consisting primarily of epithelial hypertrophy and
      hyperplasia in the collecting tubules of the inner stripe of the outer medulla
      occurred in all the deficient dogs.

PMID- 696800
TI  - A comparison of the hematogenous cell infiltrate evoked by lymphokine injection
      with that of delayed hypersensitivity reactions.
AB  - Lymphokine preparations of high potency obtained by in vitro assay were employed
      in vivo to determine whether they could produce inflammatory responses showing a
      cellular infiltrate that qualitatively or quantitatively resembled responses of
      delayed hypersensitivity. Hematogenous cell infiltrates in guinea pig skin were
      characterized in terms of the number and types of participating cells following
      intradermal injection of either lymphokines or an antigen (PPD) to which the
      animals exhibited delayed hypersensitivity. The dose of lymphokine or PPD per
      skin test site was selected on the basis of comparable ability to enhance
      vascular permeability. Delayed hypersensitivity responses showed, as expected, a
      persistent mononuclear cell exudate both in dermis and subcutis, but most notable
      in the dermis, during the 24 hours following antigen injection. In contrast, the
      response to lymphokine over the same period was characteristically neutrophilic
      and principally in the subcutis. There was no pronounced mononuclear cell
      infiltrate at any time throughout the reaction to lymphokine. It is concluded
      that preformed lymphokine produces a pattern of increased vascular permeability
      appropriate to a mediator of delayed hypersensitivity reactions, provided there
      is sustained secretion of this material. The ability of lymphokine to cause
      carbon labeling of dermal capillaries is also pertinent to a mediator of delayed
      hypersensitivity. The absence of significant mononuclear cell accumulation
      suggests that the in vitro chemotactic activity of lymphokine toward mononuclear
      cells may be more important for retention of mononuclear cells in the
      extravascular connective tissue space than for their selective accumulation.

PMID- 696801
TI  - Gentamicin and tobramycin nephrotoxicity. A morphologic and functional comparison
      in the rat.
AB  - Fischer 344 rats were treated with tobramycin or gentamicin, 40 mg/kg/day, for up
      to 10 days or with tobramycin, 120 mg/kg/day, for up to 14 days. Serum creatinine
      and BUN at the time of sacrifice were determined, and kidney tissues were
      examined by light and electron microscopy. Rats receiving gentamicin demonstrated
      progressive renal proximal tubular necrosis which was nearly universal at the end
      of 10 days. Their BUN and creatinine levels rose progressively over the same
      period. Even at the higher dosage, tobramycin therapy resulted in only rare foci
      of proximal tubular necrosis and minimal elevation of BUN and creatinine.
      Although they occurred later and were substantially less severe, the
      ultrastructural changes induced by tobramycin were the same as those seen
      following gentamicin administration. These results indicate that the mechanism of
      tobramycin-induced renal injury is probably similar to that of gentamicin and
      that tobramycin is significantly less nephrotoxic in this experimental model.

PMID- 696802
TI  - Macrophages migration through the brain parenchyma to the perivascular space
      following particle ingestion.
AB  - Forty-eight rats received intracerebral injections of sterile colloidal carbon.
      At intervals between 10 minutes and 31 days after carbon injection, the rats were
      perfused with glutaraldehyde, and autopsies were performed. Between 10 minutes
      and 3 hours after injection, carbon particles were extracellular and located
      strictly within the needle track. During the first few days the carbon was
      ingested by macrophages. Initially absent, carbon-laden macrophages spread to the
      neuropil immediately surrounding the injection site at 7 to 31 days following
      injection. These carbon-laden macrophages frequently were elongated within the
      neuropil and resembled microglia. Carbon-laden macrophages eventually accumulated
      around local vessels and in perivascular spaces. Many macrophages containing
      carbon remained in the injection site at the longest sampling interval of 31
      days. Results indicate two macrophage responses to colloidal carbon in the
      central nervous system: a) an indolent population remains in the injection site
      for at least 1 month and b) a second population of macrophages emigrates through
      the neuropil. They eventually surround local vessels and enter the perivascular
      space. The migrating macrophages offer an explanation for the peculiar
      perivascular cells in Krabbe's disease and may provide a link between the CNS
      parenchyma and immunocompetent cells.

PMID- 696803
TI  - An ultrastructural study of acinic cell carcinomas of the canine pancreas.
AB  - Four cases of spontaneous adenocarcinoma of the canine exocrine pancreas were
      studied by thin section and freeze-fracture electron microscopy. The neoplastic
      cells in all 4 cases were of acinar origin and showed many alterations of
      cytoarchitecture compared with normal acinar cells. In the neoplastic cells,
      zymogen granules varied in number and appearance and contained an abnormal
      secretory product characterized by 24-nm-thick microtubules. The nuclear volume
      and surface area and the nuclear cytoplasmic ratio were increased; although the
      nuclear pore density per nuclear surface area was significantly decreased, there
      was no change in the nuclear pore density per nuclear volume. There was a
      decrease in number and size of gap junctions; focal proliferation, fragmentation,
      and discontinuation of the tight junctions were also noted. The basal lamina (BL)
      of the neoplastic cells was discontinuous. The tumor microvasculature often
      appeared as sinusoids and had sparse discontinuous BL. Finally, the endothelium
      in both tumor and normal tissue contained "tubulo-reticular inclusions" (TRI)
      which simulated distemper virus and were located in the rough endoplasmic
      reticulum (RER) and the perinuclear cisternae.

PMID- 696804
TI  - Cytologic responses of postnatal rat lungs to O3 or NO2 exposure.
AB  - At the level of exposure employed (approximately 14.0 ppm NO2 or 0.85 ppm O3)
      epithelial cells at the juncture of the terminal airways and proximal alveoli
      have previously been shown to be seriously injured or destroyed in maturing (35
      days of age or older) and adult lungs. Subsequent repair results in the formation
      of a tissue nodule at this location. In contrast, postnatal rats between birth
      and weaning have been shown to be highly resistant to the cytotoxic effects of
      both NO2 and O3. Prior to wearning, exposure to O3 resulted in little or no
      injury when examined with either the light or electron microscope, and only minor
      injury and loss of cilia from epithelial cells lining the terminal airways was
      noted after NO2 exposure. Subsequent to weaning at 20 days of age, however, there
      was a progressive increase in the cellular response in both the terminal airways
      and proximal alveoli after exposure to either oxidant gas. A plateau in the
      response is reached at approximately 35 days of age and continues until the
      animals are approximately 1 year old. The data are discussed in terms of current
      theories on endogenous antioxidant mechanisms.

PMID- 696805
TI  - Hemorrhagic toxins from rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox) venom. Pathogenesis of
      hemorrhage induced by three purified toxins.
AB  - The pathogenesis of hemorrhage induced by three purified components of
      rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox) venom was studied at the light and electron
      microscopic levels. Crude venom was fractionated by anion exchange and gel
      filtration in four steps. beta-Alanine acetate disk gel electrophoresis was used
      to demonstrate electrophoretic homogeneity. White mice were injected
      intramuscularly with 0.1 ml of a sublethal dose of hemorrhagic toxin. Gross
      examination revealed extensive hemorrhage 5 minutes after the injection of
      hemorrhagic toxins alpha and episilon; the same amount of hemorrhage was not
      present until 3 hours after the injection of hemorrhagic toxin beta. Light
      microscopic examination of muscel after injection of the toxins revealed areas of
      extensive hemorrhage in which very few intact capillaries could be found and also
      adjacent areas of slight hemorrhage in which capillaries were in various stages
      of degeneration. Necrosis of muscle cells was evident in tissue injected with
      hemorrhagic toxin beta. Electron microscopic examination showed that capillaries
      from toxin-injected muscle were in various stages of degeneration. Endothelial
      cells became very thin and broke down into vesicles prior to complete rupture.
      Gaps were formed within the cells while intercellular junctions remained intact.
      Plasma and erythrocytes leaked through these gaps and were observed in the
      endomysium. Many gaps were plugged with platelet aggregations. Collagen and the
      basal lamina associated with capillaries were usually disorganized or absent. The
      experimental injection of three purified hemorrhagic toxins induced hemorrhage by
      the same mechanism as does the crude venom, ie, per rhexis. In addition, one of
      the toxins, hemorrhagic toxin beta, causes myonecrosis.

PMID- 696806
TI  - Duodenal ulcer disease. Animal model: cysteamine-induced acute and chronic
      duodenal ulcer in the rat.

PMID- 696807
TI  - Mixed endocrine gastric tumors associated with hypergastrinemia of antral origin.
AB  - A patient with atrophic gastritis and excessively raised serum gastrin
      concentrations (4000 to 5000 pg/ml) was found to have multiple polypous tumors of
      the gastric corpus mucosa. Following gastrectomy, serum gastrin concentrations
      decreased to undetectable levels. The tumors consisted of a mixed population of
      endocrine cells. The majority of tumor cells were of the ECL type, but, in
      addition, enterochromaffin cells of various subtypes as well as agranular cells
      were found. The tumors were locally invasive and invaded the walls of submucosal
      blood vessels. The surrounding mucosa showed a severe atrophic gastritis with
      intestinalization and contained numerous goblet cells, enterochromaffin cells,
      and cholecystokinin cells. Cholecystokinin cells do not occur in the normal
      oxyntic mucosa. Hence, the observation of this cell type in intestinalized
      gastric epithelium suggests that "intestinalization also is associated with
      changes in endocrine cell populations. Gastrin has been shown to affect the
      function of the ECL cells. Indications for a trophic action of gastrin on these
      cells have been obtained. It is discussed whether greatly raised serum gastrin
      levels in patients with atrophic gastritis may be associated with increased risks
      for the development of certain types of gastric tumors.

PMID- 696808
TI  - Bipotentiality of response to sex hormones by the prostate of castrated or
      hypophysectomized dogs. Direct effects of estrogen.
AB  - Prostatic response to administered estradiol-17beta 17-cyclopentylpropionate
      (ECP) was studied in castrated or hypophysectomized dogs. Ultrastructural
      investigation identified two types of epithelial cells, squamous and modified
      glandular, that resulted from estrogen action. Squamous cells, which
      predominated, appeared to evolve from basal reserve cells. Estrogen-modified
      glandular cells have features attributable to estrogen and previous androgen
      stimulation. Thaw-mount autoradiography of explants located radiolabeled estrogen
      in prostatic epithelium and stroma of normal and ECP-treated animals, suggesting
      a role of estrogen in prostatic homeostasis. Epithelium from ECP-treated dogs
      incorporated 3H-thymidine, indicating that estrogen promotes DNA synthesis in
      these cells. Greatly enhanced conversion of radiotestosterone to 4-androstene
      3,17-dione, with sharply decreased formation of 5alpha-reduced hydroxylation
      products, and attendant elevation in estradiol-17beta oxidoreductase activity are
      metabolic markers attributable to the induced squamous and responding stromal
      cells. The duality of prostatic response to sex hormones is apparent from
      observations that estrogen stimulates regressed glandular epithelium which had
      undergone androgen-mediated differentiation before ablation.

PMID- 696809
TI  - Clonal characteristics in layers of human atherosclerotic plaques. A study of the
      selection hypothesis of monoclonality.
AB  - Two hypotheses have been proposed to explain the origin of monoclonal cell
      populations within human atherosclerotic plaques. The first of these proposes a
      mutational origin: the second suggests that the single clone of cells with the
      greatest proliferative advantage is selected following repetitive intimal injury.
      If the selection hypothesis is true, monoclonality should be observed more
      frequently in the layer of plaque most recently formed. Glucose-6-phosphate
      dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) isoenzymes were used as cellular markers in aortas of
      females heterozygous for the A and B isoenzymes. Ten plaques were divided into 45
      portions, each of which was subdivided into upper layer, lower layer, and
      underlying media. No predominance of monoclonality was observed in the upper or
      lower layers of plaque, with 53% of samples from each layer being monoclonal. In
      all, 73% of portions of plaque contained at least one monoclonal layer. The
      layers tended to resemble each other in their clonal characteristics, with 60% of
      portions having layers with the same clonal characteristics. A significant
      correlation between isoenzyme distributions in upper and lower layers of the same
      portion was observed. No consistent trends in isoenzyme distribution in the three
      layers of each portion were observed. The results are interpreted as providing no
      evidence for clonal selection as the mechanism by which human atherosclerotic
      plaques become monoclonal.

PMID- 696810
TI  - Biofeedback training of knee control in the above-knee amputee.
AB  - Learning to control a prosthetic knee is a difficult task for the above-knee
      amputee. A biofeedback training system was designed to help with this problem.
      The system was found to be useful with several aspects of knee control. Fifteen
      patients completed a biofeedback training program. Two of these patients did not
      benefit to the same degree as the other thirteen.

PMID- 696811
TI  - Median and ulnar muscle and sensory evoked potentials.
AB  - The medical literature was reviewed to find suggested clinical applications of
      the study of the amplitude of evoked muscle action potentials (MAP) and sensory
      action potentials (SAP). In addition, the literature was reviewed to ascertain
      the normal amplitude and duration of the evoked MAP and SAP as well as the
      factors affecting the amplitude: age, sex, temperature, ischemia. The present
      study determined the normal amplitude and duration of the median and ulnar MAP
      and SAP in fifty normal subjects. The amplitude of evoked muscle or sensory
      action potentials depends on multiple factors. Increased skin resistance,
      capacitance, and impedance at the surface of the recording electrode diminishes
      the amplitude. Similarly, increased distance from the source of the action
      potential diminishes its amplitude. Increased interelectrode distance increases
      the amplitude of the bipolarly recorded sensory action potential until a certain
      interelectrode distance is exceeded and the diphasic response becomes tri- or
      tetraphasic. Artifact or poor technique may reduce the potential difference
      between the recording electrodes or obscure the late positive phase of the action
      potential and thus diminish the peak to peak amplitude measurement.
      Intraindividual comparison indicated a marked difference of amplitude in opposite
      hands. The range of the MAP of the abductor pollicis brevis in one hand was 40.0-
      100% of the response in the opposite hand. For the abductor digiti minimi, the
      MAP was 58.5--100% of the response of the opposite hand. The median and ulnar SAP
      was between 50--100% of the opposite SAP. Consequent to these findings the effect
      of hand dominance on the amplitude of median and ulnar evoked muscle and sensory
      action potentials was studied in 41 right handed volunteers. The amplitudes of
      the median muscle action potential (p less than 0.02) and the median and ulnar
      sensory action potentials (p less than 0.001) were significantly less in the
      dominant hand. There was no significant difference between the ulnar muscle
      action potentials or for the median and ulnar distal motor and sensory latencies
      in the right and left hands of this group of volunteers.

PMID- 696812
TI  - Electromyographic biofeedback in the reeducation of facial palsy.
AB  - Electromyographic biofeedback techniques have been successfully applied in
      various neuromuscular disorders. Data on the use of this technique in reeducation
      of facial paralysis after initial surgical correction are scarce. The authors
      have developed a treatment program consisting of EMG biofeedback with the use of
      the Basmajian-Emory myotrainer. Two case reports are presented which show
      successful results after a three month training period.

PMID- 696813
TI  - Screening of membrane surface charges by divalent cations: an atomic
      representation.
AB  - To arrive at a clear and atomically realistic representation of the process of
      ionic screening, a model with the following necessary and justifiable constraints
      was devised. 1) The minimum internuclear distance (IND) between a negative site
      on the membrane and a cation screening the site is equal to the sum of the site's
      "equivalent" radius (rs) + the diameter of a water molecule (approximately 2.8 A)
      + crystal radius of the cation (rc). 2) The average value for the dielectric
      constant (D) over IND is given by D approximately 80 ((IND - rs - rc)/IND). When
      this simple atomic model for ionic screening is employed in conjunction with
      equilibrium ion-selectivity theory, it is possible to predict quantitatively,
      from coulombic energy calculations, the secondary stereospecific actions of
      certain alkaline-earth cations as well as the predominant screening effect of
      these divalent cations at the surfaces of different types of membranes. The model
      also successfully predicts the transition from a predominantly screening
      situation to a predominantly binding situation, which was observed experimentally
      when negative surface charge density was decreased in nerve.

PMID- 696814
TI  - Further similarities of endogenous pyrogen and leukocytic endogenous mediator.
AB  - The release of endogenous pyrogen (EP) from rabbit peritoneal granulocytes was
      measured with a three-point log dose-response curve. Release of EP was inhibited
      when the cells were incubated in media containing potassium or calcium.
      Measurements of leukocytic endogenous mediator (LEM) activity, i.e., lowering of
      plasma iron and zinc and increases in blood neutrophils, were made on the same
      supernatant media. When EP release was inhibited there was a similar inhibition
      of LEM activity. These results indicate a similarity between the release of
      pyrogenic and LEM activities. Together with previous purification studies, the
      results suggest that EP and LEM are similar and may be identical factors.

PMID- 696816
TI  - Effect of grayanotoxin I on SA node and right atrial myocardia of the rabbit.

PMID- 696815
TI  - Calcium and the control of potassium efflux in the sublingual gland.
AB  - The effects of cholinergic stimulation on K efflux from rat sublingual gland
      slices was investigated. The sublingual gland slices appeared stable on
      incubation as indicated by electrolyte content and ultrastructural analysis.
      Carbachol induced a biphasic increase in release of 86Rb (an index of K efflux);
      a transient phase lasting 2--4 min was followed by a sustained (or slowly
      falling) phase. Both phases of the response were blocked by atropine, but only
      the sustained phase was blocked by omission of Ca or by the addition of LaCl3.
      The divalent cationophore A-23187 produced a Ca-dependent release of 86Rb.
      Substance P stimulated a biphasic release of 86Rb, similar to that obtained with
      carbachol, but epinephrine did not. The response to substance P demonstrated a Ca
      dependence similar to that of carbachol. When a transient response to carbachol
      was elicited, no transient response to carbachol was elicited, no transient
      response to substance P could be obtained. This suggests that the receptors for
      these agonists may reside in the same cells. Also, the magnitude of the responses
      suggests that most of the affected cells are probably the mucous elements of the
      sublingual gland.

PMID- 696817
TI  - A piezoelectric force transducer for single muscle cells.
AB  - A cantilevered piezoelectric force transducer is described. The cantilevered
      element has a 6-mm glass extension that can be projected into a horizontal muscle
      bath from above. By adjusting the length of the piezoelectric bar from 1 to 4 mm,
      the sensitivity of the device can be varied between 25 and 100 mV/mN (0.25--1.0
      mV/mg) with its resonant frequency varying inversely between 8 and 15 kHz.
      Although moderately fragile, the sensing elements are inexpensive and easily
      made. The output of the sensing element is amplified by a small, unity-gain, high
      input-resistance amplifier mounted on a support block with the element. Although
      the arrangement does not provide a DC output, its time constant of over 500 s is
      sufficiently long for measuring tension during muscle contractions lasting 1--2
      s.

PMID- 696818
TI  - Effect of somatostatin on myoelectrical activity of small bowel.
AB  - Somatostatin, a growth hormone-release inhibiting hormone, has been found to be a
      powerful inhibitor of gastric and pancreatic secretion as well as of hormone
      release in the digestive system. This study was undertaken to determine the
      influence of somatostatin on the myoelectrical activity pattern of the small
      bowel. Three conscious dogs were prepared with electrodes spaced 25 cm apart
      along the entire small intestine. Intravenous infusions of somatostatin were
      administered in various doses (0.6--5.0 microgram/kg.h) while spike activity and
      slow waves were recorded under fasting conditions, after a meat meal, or during
      intravenous infusion of gastrin, caerulein, or insulin. Somatostatin at a dose of
      0.6 microgram/kg.h almost doubled the frequency of the interdigestive myoelectric
      complex. Somatostatin in fed dogs caused a dose-dependent decrease of the normal
      fed spike activity, and at higher doses it induced a pattern like that seen in
      fasting animals. The slow-wave frequency in both fasted and fed conditions was
      not changed significantly. We conclude that somatostatin given under basal
      conditions increases the frequency of the interdigestive complex and, when
      administered after feeding, converts the fed-type pattern to the fasted-type
      pattern. It may therefore play a promoting role in initiating the interdigestive
      myoelectric complex.

PMID- 696819
TI  - Splanchnic glucose and muscle glycogen metabolism after glucose feeding during
      postexercise recovery.
AB  - Glucose (100 g) was ingested 15 min after bicycle exercise until exhaustion at a
      work load corresponding to 70% of maximal uptake (series 1), 14--15 h after an
      identical exercise period, no food being taken in the interval (series 2), and by
      nonexercised control subjects. Splanchnic glucose output in the exercised groups
      rose to values 50--300% greater than in controls, amounting to (over 135 min) 59
      +/- 5 g in series 1 and 58 +/- 6 in series 2 compared to 28 +/- 6 in controls.
      The glycogen concentration of quadriceps muscle in series 1 was 65 +/- 2 mmol
      glycosyl U/kg wet wt before exercise, 16 +/- 13 at the end of work, and 32 +/- 4
      at 135 min after glucose ingestion. In series 2, muscle glycogen concentration
      was 20 +/- 3 immediately after exercise and rose to 44 +/- 5 over the ensuing 14-
      15 h in spite of continued fasting. It rose to 56 +/- 3 at 135 min after glucose
      loading. Repletion of leg muscle glycogen after glucose feeding could account for
      50--66% of total splanchnic glucose release. It is concluded that during
      postexercise recovery, a greater proportion of an oral glucose load escapes
      hepatic retention, allowing repletion of muscle glycogen to take precedence over
      hepatic glycogen repletion.

PMID- 696820
TI  - Renal glutamine metabolism in rats fed high-protein diets.
AB  - The influence of protein intake on acid excretion and renal glutamine metabolism
      was investigated and compared to the effects of NH4Cl-induced metabolic acidosis.
      Rats fed a diet containing 55% casein excreted more ammonia, phosphate, sulphate,
      and chloride than did rats fed a 13% casein diet, but, when they were given an
      0.1 M NaHCO3 solution to drink, ammonia excretion was no longer elevated. Renal
      phosphate-dependent glutaminase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activities,
      ammoniagenesis by isolated mitochondria, and the rate of renal gluconeogenesis
      were all elevated in the rats fed the high-protein diet but not if these rats
      also drank the sodium bicarbonate solution. Increased glutaminase and
      phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activities, mitochondrial ammoniagenesis, and
      gluconeogenesis were all evident in rats made acidotic with NH4Cl. It is
      concluded that these metabolic adaptations evident in the kidneys of rats fed the
      high-protein diet are due to the acidogenic effects of increased protein intake.

PMID- 696821
TI  - Jejunal phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of absorbed pyridoxine.HCl in
      vitro.
AB  - The phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of absorbed vitamin was studied in rat
      jejunal everted sacs during in vitro uptake of [3H]pyridoxine.HCl. Kinetic
      studies during 4-min incubations demonstrated that phosphorylation was saturable
      (Km, 13.3 micron; Vmax, 0.906 nmol/4 min/g wet tissue) and was significantly
      inhibited by both structural and metabolic inhibitors. Longer incubations (30
      min) demonstrated similar saturation and inhibition of net phosphorylation.
      Dephosphorylation of the phosphate esters formed by the phosphorylation step also
      occurred, as demonstrated by pulse-chase experiments. Disappearance of these
      phosphates was initially rapid, approximated first order kinetics, and apparently
      was mediated by a phosphatase. Whereas phosphorylation did not appear to affect
      initial uptake rates for [3H]pyridoxine.HCl by the jejunum, net phosphorylation
      after more prolonged incubations qualitatively paralleled accumulation of total
      absorbed vitamin in tissue over the same time. The primary effect of
      phosphorylation during jejunal uptake of pyridoxine by rat jejunum was to
      increase the accumulation of absorbed pyridoxine in tissue during prolonged
      incubations. Dephosphorylation had the net effect of limiting the magnitude of
      that accumulation.

PMID- 696822
TI  - Diet-induced adipocyte number increase in adult rats: a new model of obesity.
AB  - Adult rats of various strains became obese when they were fed a highly palatable
      diet for several months. Analysis of their adipose tissue morphology revealed
      increases in both adipocyte size and number in most depots. Reintroduction of an
      ordinary chow diet to such animals precipitated a period of weight loss during
      which only mean adipocyte size returned to normal. Adipocyte number remained at
      the elevated level achieved during the period of weight gain. Thus, transient
      dietary obesity in rats results in a persistent obesity of a purely hyperplastic,
      nonhypertrophic form. Furthermore, the persistence of the cell number increase
      suggests that it is the result of proliferation or differentiation rather than of
      only an increase in the lipid content of a pool of very small and normally
      undetected adipocytes. An analysis of adipose tissue morphology changes during
      the course of diet-induced weight gain suggests that the achievement of some
      specific mean adipocyte size triggers the events that culminate in adipocyte
      number increase. What mechanisms may link adipocyte size to the formation of new
      adipocytes remains unknown.

PMID- 696823
TI  - Effect of sequential infusions of glucagon and epinephrine on glucose turnover in
      the dog.
AB  - Conscious dogs were infused with 1) glucagon (3 ng/kg.min) alone for 120 min
      followed by glucagon plus epinephrine (0.1 microgram/kg.min) for 60 min and 2)
      epinephrine alone (150 min) followed by epinephrine plus glucagon for 90 min.
      Glucagon alone caused a 10--15 mg/dl rise in plasma glucose and a 45% increase in
      glucose production that returned to baseline by 75--120 min. After addition of
      epinephrine, glucose production rose again by 80%. Infusion of epinephrine alone
      resulted in unchanged plasma glucagon levels, a 60--70 mg/dl rise in plasma
      glucose, and an 80--100% rise in glucose production that returned to baseline by
      60--120 min. When glucagon was added, glucose output promptly rose again by 85%.
      When glucagon was infused alone, there was a rise in glucose uptake, whereas,
      with epinephrine, glucose uptake failed to rise and glucose clearance fell by 35-
      50%. We conclude that 1) hepatic refractoriness to persistent elevations of
      glucagon or epinephrine is specific for the hormone infused; 2) epinephrine
      stimulates glucose production in the conscious dog in the absence of a rise in
      plasma glucagon; 3) the hyperglycemic response to glucagon or epinephrine is
      determined in part by accompanying changes in glucose utilization.

PMID- 696824
TI  - Fructose-6-phosphate substrate cycling and hormonal regulation of gluconeogenesis
      in vivo.
AB  - The possible role of the hepatic fructose-6-phosphate substrate cycle
      (phosphofructokinase, fructose-1,6-diphosphatase) in the rapid hormonal
      regulation of gluconeogenesis was investigated in vivo in fasted normal and
      adrenalectomized rats after administration of [3-3H, U-14C]- or [3-3H, 6
      14C]glucose. The plasma glucose 3H/14C ratio was used as an index of substrate
      cycling because the amount of 3H loss from liver hexose phosphates is determined
      by the extent of cycling. PFK and FDPase activities limit 3H loss during
      gluconeogenesis and glycolysis, respectively. Glucagon-stimulated hepatic glucose
      production is always accompanied by increased substrate cycling, i.e., increased
      FDPase and PFK activities. The high PFK activity may be a secondary event due
      possibly to elevated cellular fructose-6-phosphate levels. Decreased substrate
      cycling, i.e., lowered FDPase activity, always accompanies the depressed hepatic
      glucose production that occurs during hyperglycemia. Glucagon has no effect on
      substrate cycling in adrenalectomized rats that are insensitive to the hormone.
      The in vivo experiments presented provide evidence, although indirect, that
      glucagon administration results in changes in the fructose-6-phosphate substrate
      cycle in a living animal. Whether these changes are primary regulatory events or
      occur secondarily to hormone actions elsewhere is not known.

PMID- 696825
TI  - Amino acid transport in vitamin B6-deficient rats: dependence on growth hormone
      supply.

PMID- 696826
TI  - Electrical and mechanical effects of molecular variants of CCK on antral smooth
      muscle.
AB  - Intracellular microelectrode and standard organ bath techniques were used to
      study in vitro the effects of three molecular forms of the peptide
      cholecystokinin on the electrical and mechanical activities of canine antral
      circular muscle. Three forms were studied: the carboxyl-terminal octapeptide of
      cholecystokinin (CCK-OP), the molecule containing 33 amino acid residues (CCK33),
      and the peptide termed "cholecystokinin variant" that contains 39 amino acids
      (CCK39). All three forms increased the force and frequency of spontaneous
      contractions. They also increased the frequency and the amplitude and duration of
      the plateau of the gastric action potential. Atropine did not block any of these
      effects, suggesting that the action of these peptides was largely due to a direct
      action on the smooth muscle. Complete dose-response curves were determined for
      the effect of these peptides on the force and frequency of contraction for muscle
      strips and for the effect on amplitude of the plateau and frequency of the action
      potential for single cells. CCK39 and CCK-OP had similar potencies and both forms
      were more potent than CCK33.

PMID- 696827
TI  - Renal hemodynamics in acute and chronic angiotensin II hypertension.

PMID- 696828
TI  - Antidiuretic hormone increases renal prostaglandin synthesis in vivo.
AB  - Studies demonstrating the antagonism by prostaglandins (PGs) of antidiuretic
      hormone (ADH) action led to the proposal that renal medullary PGs may act to
      attenuate the physiologic effects of ADH via a negative-feedback loop. Therefore,
      we examined urinary PG excretion, an indicator of renal PG synthesis, in rats
      with hereditary diabetes insipidus (DI) utilizing gas chromatography-mass
      spectrometry. The DI rats, devoid of ADH, excrete much less prostaglandin E2
      (PGE2) than normal Long-Evans rats (39 +/- 5 vs. 228 +/- 53 ng/24 h, means +/-
      SE, P less than 0.005). DI and normal rats were treated for 35 days with ADH
      while separate groups of DI and normal controls received vehicle only. The ADH
      treatment increased urinary PGE2 excretion in DI rats to 233 +/- 35 ng/24 h
      whereas PGE2 excretion was unaffected by vehicle treatment. ADH treatment in
      normal rats similarly increased PGE2 excretion from 215 +/- 49 to 410 +/- 63
      ng/24 h (P less than 0.05). To determine whether the rise in PGE2 excretion is
      the result of the rise in papillary osmolality, we subjected DI rats to
      dehydration, which increased urine osmolality from 130 +/- 10 to 302 +/- 12
      mosmol/kg H2O but left urinary PGE2 unaffected. We conclude that ADH stimulates
      renal medullary PGE2 synthesis in vivo.

PMID- 696829
TI  - Potassium transfer in distal tubule of normal and remnant kidneys.

PMID- 696830
TI  - Transepithelial gradient and fractional delivery of chloride in thin loop of
      Henle.

PMID- 696831
TI  - Interstitial pressure during volume expansion at reduced renal artery pressure.

PMID- 696832
TI  - Direct examination of chloride transport across papillary collecting duct of the
      rat.

PMID- 696833
TI  - Tissue K+ loss from the perfused rat kidney: effects of lactate and albumin
      treatment.

PMID- 696834
TI  - Ion selectivity and proximal salt reabsorption.
AB  - Electrophysiological techniques were used in isolated perfused superficial (S)
      and juxtamedullary (JM) rabbit proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) to examine the
      relative sodium-to-chloride (PNa/PCl) and bicarbonate-to-chloride (PHCO3/PCl)
      permeability ratios. We found that the great majority of PCT are sodium selective
      and that PHCO3/PCl depends on the experimental conditions. In the presence of
      active sodium transport, PHCO3/PCl is high and increases with PNa/PCl. When
      PHCO3/PCl is determined after inhibition of active sodium transport or at 25
      degrees C, PHCO3/PCl approximates the free solution anion mobility ratio of 0.5
      and is independent of PNa/PCl. The difference between PHCO3/PCl determined in the
      presence of and in the absence of active transport suggests that the lowering of
      bath bicarbonate concentration in the presence of active transport changes both
      paracellular and transcellular current flow. In addition, we found that during
      luminal perfusion with high chloride, low bicarbonate, organic solute-free
      solutions, the transepithelial electrical potential depends on PNa/PCl and
      PHCO3/PCl. This potential is approximately 4.0 mV in S PCT with low PNa/PCl and
      falls progressively to zero in JM PCT with high PNa/PCl. From these data we
      conclude that anion concentration gradients drive an important diffusive flux of
      sodium chloride through the paracellular pathway only in PCT with low PNa/PCl
      ratios.

PMID- 696835
TI  - Extracellular water measurements: organ tracer kinetics of bromide and sucrose in
      rats and man.
AB  - Bromide and sucrose distributions were measured as functions of time after tracer
      injection into 14 rat organs that accounted for 93% of body wt, with the goal of
      evaluating the use of bromide and sucrose as tracers for the extracellular water
      volume (ECW). The tracers, Na, 82Br, 125I-labeled human serum albumin,
      [14C]sucrose, and 3H2O, were used to calculate bromide and sucrose content in red
      cells, plasma, and 13 blood-free organs. Selective concentration of Br- occurs in
      RBC, stomach, and skin, accounting in part for the discrepancy between the Br-
      space and the smaller ECW volume as derived from other methods. Sucrose is
      rapidly metabolized in the rat and its 14C tracer cannot be used for ECW
      determination in this species. The kinetics of Br- distribution were estimated in
      rats and in 16 human subjects by measuring plasma disappearance values and
      specific organ uptakes. A pharmacokinetic compartmental model was derived,
      containing explicit parameters for blood flow, diffusion constants, and ECW
      spaces separately for each organ. Precise fitting of experimental bromide data
      was achieved for the rat; satisfactory fitting was also achieved in man from more
      limited plasma and biopsy data.

PMID- 696836
TI  - Transient force responses in blood-perfused papillary muscle after step changes
      in load.
AB  - In in situ canine papillary muscles, we studied transient responses in peak
      isometric force at control length, after contraction was suddenly switched from
      isotonic contractions at various forces and isometric contractions at different
      lengths. Peak isometric force rapidly decreased after isotonic contractions at
      relatively low forces and isometric contractions at shorter lengths. In contrast,
      peak isometric force rapidly increased after isotonic contractions at relatively
      high forces and isometric contractions at longer lengths. There was no transient
      response when the preceding isotonic force was about half of the present peak
      isometric force. Magnitude and direction of the transient force response depended
      on magnitude and direction of the change in the mean muscle force level produced
      by the sudden switch of loading conditions. Transient force responses were
      accompanied by simultaneous changes in time to peak isometric force in the same
      direction. We proposed that, in the blood-perfused papillary muscle, a sudden
      change in the mean muscle force causes an abrupt change in coronary flow supply
      demand relation which in turn causes a transient change in contractile force.

PMID- 696837
TI  - Species differences in responses to hyperosmolality and D600 in cat and rat
      heart.
AB  - The direct inotropic effect of hypertonic mannitol was compared in isolated rat
      and cat papillary muscles. The inotropic effects of paired electrical stimulation
      and D600 were also evaluated in the same species. At extracellular calcium
      concentrations of 2.5 mM, hypertonic mannitol (25--100 mosmol/kg H2O above
      normal) depressed contractility in isolated rat myocardium; hyperosmolality
      exerted a positive effect only when extracellular Ca2+ was low (e.g., 0.3 mM).
      Paired pacing exerted a small but significant inotropic effect in rat heart when
      extracellular Ca2+ was 2.5 mM, and a larger effect at lower Ca2+. As previously
      noted, hypertonic mannitol and paired pacing both produced significant positive
      effects in isolated cat heart at an extracellular Ca2+ concentration of 2.5 mM.
      D600 exerted less of a depressant effect on contractility in rat than in cat
      heart at concentrations of 10(-6)--10(-7) M. The data suggest that 1) in contrast
      to results in cat heart, the positive inotropic effect of hyperosmolality in
      isolated rat cardiac muscle is apparent only when extracellular calcium
      concentration is reduced; 2) the inotropic effect of paired pacing in rat heart
      is greatest at low Ca2+ levels, but persists to a lesser degree at extracellular
      calcium concentrations of 2.5 mM; and 3) D600-inhibitable calcium channels appear
      to be relatively less important in the maintenance of cardiac contractility in
      rat than in cat cardiac muscle.

PMID- 696838
TI  - Norepinephrine uptake as an indicator of cardiac reinnervation in dogs.
AB  - To study the possible role of uptake of [3H]norepinephrine ([3H]NE) as an
      indicator of sympathetic reinnervation of the surgically denervated canine heart,
      uptake was determined from multiple areas of hearts at various stages of
      reinnervation (1--6 mo), and these data were correlated with myocardial
      catecholamine content and functional response of the heart to electrical
      stimulation of the sympathetic nerves. Our experiments confirm that NE content
      correlates poorly with the degree of reinnervation of the previously denervated
      canine heart. There is, however, a progressive increase of [3H]NE uptake from 1
      mo to 6 mo, at which time uptake has returned to approximately 57% of control
      values in the left atrium. The development of the storage mechanism lags far
      behind the specific-membrane mechanism for uptake in the reinnervating surgically
      denervated canine heart.

PMID- 696839
TI  - Effect of uranyl ions on isometric contractions in rabbit atria.
AB  - The effects of uranyl ions on isometric contractions of atrial strips of rabbit
      heart were studied. It was observed that uranyl ions, in a concentration of 1.1 X
      10(-5) M, do not alter isometric contraction; 2.2 X 10(-5) M concentration
      produced a small positive inotropic effect that was magnified at a 4.5 X 10(-5) M
      concentration; concentrations greater than 1.8 X 10(-5) M produced a negative
      inotropic effect. There is evidence that the positive inotropic effect is
      mediated by catecholamine release, in a similar manner to the action of uranyl
      ions on intestinal smooth muscle preparations. This response was blocked by
      propranolol and also after tyramine treatment of the preparation. The negative
      inotropic effect seems to be mediated by a blocking effect on calcium entry
      through the sarcolemma during activation. Indirect evidence supporting this
      hypothesis was the observation of a decrease of action of uranyl ions in the
      presence of isoproterenol and of increased extracellular calcium concentration.

PMID- 696840
TI  - Lower limits of cerebrovascular permeability to nonelectrolytes in the conscious
      rat.

PMID- 696841
TI  - Autonomic control of pacemaker activity in the atrioventricular junction of the
      dog.
AB  - A stable atrioventricular (AV) junctional rhythm was induced in open-chest,
      anesthetized dogs by injecting pentobarbital into the sinus node artery. A
      factorial experimental design was used to quantify the changes in AV junctional
      rate as a function of the frequency of cardiac sympathetic and parasympathetic
      stimulation. The AV junctional pacemaker cells were more responsive to autonomic
      neural stimulation, but the vagal-sympathetic interactions were less pronounced
      than had previously been observed for the SA nodal pacemaker cells. In a group of
      seven animals, sympathetic stimulation at a frequency of 1.4 Hz increased the AV
      junctional rate by 102% from a control rate of 54 beats/min. In the same animals,
      vagal stimulation at a frequency of 8.4 Hz reduced the AV junctional rate by 56%.
      In three other animals, the AV junction was even more responsive; equivalent
      chronotropic effects were achieved with stimulation frequencies that were only
      about one-third of those cited above. There was a moderate, but significant,
      autonomic interaction: in the group of seven animals, the positive chronotropic
      effect of sympathetic stimulation at 1.4 Hz was 72% greater at the low level (0
      Hz) than at the high level (8.4 Hz) of vagal activity.

PMID- 696842
TI  - Platelet removal from the circulation by the liver and spleen.
AB  - Previous studies on the clearance of intravenously administered platelets have
      focused primarily on the long-term survival of platelets rather than the
      mechanisms responsible for the rapid removal of altered platelets from the blood.
      In the present study the short-term blood clearance and organ localization of
      circulating labeled platelets were evaluated in rats during particle induced
      reticuloendothelial (RE) blockage and after intravenous injection of increasing
      platelet loads in normal rats. Platelet disappearance conformed to a two
      compartment exponential clearance with quantifiable rapid (K1) and slow (K2) rate
      constants. As platelet load increased, the rapid rate constant decreased. This
      clearance alteration was associated with a decrease in the percent of the
      injected platelet load localized in the liver and an increase in lung
      localization. During RE blockade, a decrease was observed in the clearance rates
      of both the rapid and slow compartments. Such clearance alterations were
      associated with decreased hepatic platelet localization and increased pulmonary
      and splenic platelet localization. Thus, the hepatic reticuloendothelial system
      may represent a rapid cellular clearance system for altered platelets. When this
      cellular system is impaired or overloaded, the consequences are decreased hepatic
      and increased extrahepatic platelet localization.

PMID- 696843
TI  - Frequency analysis of coronary intercapillary distances: site of capillary
      control.
AB  - Frequency distributions for minimum intercapillary distance (ICD) and functional
      ICD were characterized for rat heart in situ. Minimum ICD denotes spacings
      between adjacent capillaries whether they contain erythrocytes or not. Functional
      ICD is defined as spacings between contiguous capillaries perfused with
      erythrocytes. Minimum ICD was well fitted by both the gamma and the lognormal
      distributions. Functional ICD was well fitted by the lognormal, but not by the
      gamma, or by any mixture of the gamma with another discrete distribution. The
      frequency analysis is interpreted to mean that: 1) A control site distal to the
      true arteriole exists. This is presumably the precapillary sphincter. 21
      Intercapillary anastomoses help keep the diffusion path in myocardium short and
      comparatively uniform. 3) Complete closure of arterioles does not occur in the
      unstressed heart. 4) Blood flow and conditions for diffusion can be controlled
      independently.

PMID- 696844
TI  - Procoagulant activity of peritoneal leukocytes: effects of cortisone and
      endotoxin.
AB  - Procoagulant activity of peritoneal leukocytes from rabbits given cortisone
      acetate, endotoxin, and both materials was measured in studies designed to test
      the hypothesis that cortisone acetate prepares rabbits for the generalized
      Shwartzman reaction by enhancing leukocyte procoagulant activity. Two types of
      peritoneal leukocyte suspensions were examined: mixed granulocyte-macrophage
      suspensions and macrophage suspensions. In both types, procoagulant activity
      could be accounted for by the number of macrophages in the suspensions. Cortisone
      alone did not affect the procoagulant activity, whereas endotoxin increased the
      procoagulant activity. Suspensions from animals given both cortisone and
      endotoxin varied in activity depending upon cell composition. Granulocyte
      macrophage suspensions had less apparent procoagulant activity than suspensions
      with endotoxin alone. In contrast, macrophage suspensions--particularly sonicated
      suspensions--had greater procoagulant activity than those with endotoxin alone.
      The ability of cortisone acetate to increase macrophage procoagulant activity
      after endotoxin could represent one mechanism whereby cortisone acetate prepares
      rabbits for the generalized Shwartzman reaction after endotoxin.

PMID- 696845
TI  - Myocardial nuclear protein kinases during postnatal development.
AB  - Chromatin template activity of isolated rat myocardial cells declines
      progressively during the first few weeks of postnatal life, a time period also
      characterized by restriction in myocardial proliferative capacity. Multiple
      protein kinases have been isolated from the nuclei of myocardial cells. Protein
      kinase activity decreased progressively during the first 3 wk of postnatal
      development, mostly in two fractions (III and V). Cyclic AMP dependency,
      substrate specificity, and phosphorylation patterns of endogenous substrates did
      not change appreciably with age. Higher phosphorylating activity of protein
      kinases from younger rats correlated with increased capacity to enhance
      myocardial RNA synthesis in vitro. This suggests the possibility that the
      decrease in chromatin template activity with age may be, in part, related to the
      decline in nuclear phosphokinase activities.

PMID- 696846
TI  - Neural pathways of a cardiogenic hypertensive chemoreflex.
AB  - Excitation of a cardiac chemoreceptor with 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin)
      produces a complex autonomic reflex which includes hypertension, changes in heart
      rate and contractile force, and disturbances of AV conduction. This study
      examines the afferent and efferent neural pathways of this autonomic reflex in 60
      anesthetized dogs. We used cooling and sectioning techniques in 40 of these, and
      in 20 others recorded afferent neurograms. The most common afferent pathways for
      the reflex were found in the left and right recurrent cardiac nerves. No
      preferential efferent routes to the heart were found, although the nature of the
      reflex cardiac response could be altered by specific nerve interruption.
      Cyproheptadine (1 mg/kg iv) regularly abolished both the reflex and the
      chemoreceptor afferent neural traffic, but injection of a 10 times higher
      concentration of serotonin (1 mg/ml) readily surmounted the blockade and restored
      the chemoreceptor neural traffic. Thus cyproheptadine interdicts the reflex at
      the site of its initiation.

PMID- 696847
TI  - Techniques for arteriography and hydraulic analysis of coronary stenoses in
      unsedated dogs.
AB  - This report describes techniques for obtaining pressure flow characteristics and
      arteriograms of controlled coronary stenoses in unsedated, trained dogs. Coronary
      flow velocity was recorded by calibrated Doppler velocity transducers linear to
      three times maximum coronary flow velocity. Pressure losses across stenoses were
      measured by a differential pressure transducer through small catheters implanted
      in the distal and proximal left circumflex coronary artery or ascending aorta, a
      system that was linear within +/-5% to 30 Hz. Coronary stenoses were produced by
      saline-filled, perivascular cuff constrictors inflated to constant pressure by a
      pressure regulator. Catheters were implanted in the pulmonary artery for
      injection of intravenous drugs or diffusible radionuclides and in the left atrium
      for injection of radionuclide microspheres. Contrast medium was injected through
      the proximal coronary catheter, and high-resolution arteriograms were obtained by
      single-spot filming on ultra detail X-ray film and cassettes at end diastole by
      triggering X-ray exposures from the electrocardiogram. In 13 dogs studied
      consecutively, the surgical mortality was 15.4%. All implanted instruments
      functioned for an average of 8 wk per dog.

PMID- 696848
TI  - Regional blood flows measured in conscious rats by combined Fick and microsphere
      methods.
AB  - Regional blood flow measurements made by the radioactive microsphere technique
      were studied in conscious rats. A femoral arterial reference sample blood flow
      was measured directly, and at the same time indirectly by the combined use of
      direct Fick cardiac output and microsphere techniques. A significant correlation
      (r = .81, P less than .01) was obtained between direct and indirect blood flow
      values when 200--400 microspheres were trapped in the reference sample. When 100-
      200 microspheres were trapped, regional blood flow was 32% below true flow (P
      less than .01); and cardiac output, calculated by the reference sample method,
      was 57% greater than Fick cardiac output (P less than .01). When three
      consecutive Fick determinations and microsphere injections (20,000 per injection,
      15 micrometer diam) were made in conscious rats, significant correlations were
      obtained among the first, second, and third regional blood flow measurements (r =
      .95, P less than .01). The results have demonstrated that cardiac output and
      reference blood flow can be measured with accuracy and precision in the conscious
      rat by the radioactive microsphere procedure.

PMID- 696849
TI  - Glucocorticoid receptors in the guinea pig.
AB  - In cytoplasmic fractions of liver and kidney prepared from adrenalectomized
      guinea pigs, tritiated dexamethasone ([3H]DM) is bound with a very low affinity
      (Kd 4 degrees C greater than or equal to 2 X 10(-7) M). By competition studies,
      the specificity of this binding was shown to be comparable with that for [3H]DM
      binding to glucocorticoid receptors in other species. In addition, cytoplasmic
      preparations from guinea pig liver and kidney appear to inhibit the binding of
      [3H]DM to rat glucocorticoid receptors under a variety of experimentally
      determined circumstances. It is proposed that such inhibitory activity may
      reflect a system of [3H]DM sequestration, perhaps by metabolizing enzymes with a
      high combining power for glucocorticoids. Both low affinity glucocorticoid
      receptors and avid binding to sites of metabolism may represent additive cellular
      bases for the apparent corticoresistance of the guinea pig.

PMID- 696850
TI  - Controlled cellular energy conversion in brown adipose tissue thermogenesis.
AB  - Brown adipose tissue serves as a model system for nonshivering thermogenesis
      (NST) since a) it has as a primary physiological function the conversion of
      chemical energy to heat; and b) preliminary data from other tissues involved in
      NST (e.g., muscle) indicate that parallel mechanisms may be involved. Now that
      biochemical pathways have been proposed for brown fat thermogenesis, cellular
      models consistent with a thermodynamic representation can be formulated. Stated
      concisely, the thermogenic mechanism in a brown fat cell can be considered as an
      energy converter involving a sequence of cellular events controlled by signals
      over the autonomic nervous system. A thermodynamic description for NST is
      developed in terms of a nonisothermal system under steady-state conditions using
      network thermodynamics. Pathways simulated include mitochondrial ATP synthesis, a
      Na+/K+ membrane pump, and ionic diffusion through the adipocyte membrane.

PMID- 696851
TI  - Hypothalamic thermosensitivity in conscious Pekin ducks.
AB  - Conscious Pekin ducks with chronically implanted hypothalamic thermodes were
      submitted to thermoneutral (Ta 25 degrees C), cold (Ta 5 degrees C), and warm (Ta
      33 degrees C) ambient temperatures. Hypothalamic temperature (Thy) was varied in
      nine steps between 27.9 and 43.5 degrees C in repeated experiments. Cooling of
      the hypothalamus induced a fall of core temperature (Tc) that was linearly
      related to Thy and amounted to 1.1--1.3 degrees C at highest cooling intensity.
      The decrease of Tc was caused by inhibition of metabolic heat production and/or
      vasodilatation in the skin at cold and thermoneutral Ta and by activation of
      panting at warm Ta. After the end of cooling a temporary overshoot of heat
      production occurred, the degree of which depended on the degree of cooling and on
      Ta, and led to a rapid normalization of Tc. Warming of the hypothalamus induced a
      slight fall of Tc due to a reduction of metabolic heat production at cold and
      thermoneutral Ta and to an activation of panting at warm Ta. It is concluded that
      no specific cold reception and a weak specific warm reception exist in the duck's
      hypothalamus. A "nonsensory" temperature susceptibility of hypothalamic control
      functions is responsible for those reactions of thermoregulatory effector
      activities which do not fall into the categories of adequate thermoregulatory
      responses to a central thermal stimulus.

PMID- 696852
TI  - Evidence that the amount of food consumed in early life fixes appetite in the
      rat.
AB  - Rats were raised in litters of 22 (low caloric intake) or litters of 4 (high
      caloric intake). At the end of 62 wk, rats from large litters were approximately
      140 g lighter than those from small litters even though all animals were
      permitted unrestricted access to food after weaning. One factor responsible for
      the smaller body size was a lower voluntary food intake after weaning (8,188 +/-
      205 g vs. 9,808 +/- 193 g; P less than 0.001). These results provide evidence
      that the amount of food consumed during suckling plays an important role in
      determining the habitual food intake of rats in later life. In a separate
      experiment, rats were raised in litters of 4, 13, 17, or 22. The results show
      that as litter size increased from 4 to 22, a corresponding reduction in the
      voluntary intake of food occurred. These results provide evidence that by
      controlling the food intake of the newborn rat it is possible to "program" the
      animal for a desired voluntary food intake in later life.

PMID- 696853
TI  - Role of the skin in sodium and water exchange of aquatic snakes placed in
      seawater.

PMID- 696854
TI  - Cutaneous blood flow during heating and cooling in the American alligator.
AB  - Nine alligators, Alligator mississippiensis, were injected with 133Xe and the
      clearance half times measured in response to heating and cooling. Mean half times
      for thermostable, heating, and cooling conditions were 12.2, 8.6, and 28.3 min,
      respectively, indicating cutaneous vasodilation in response to local heating and
      reduced blood flow during cooling. Alterations of cutaneous blood flow occurred
      before changes in body temperature or heart rate. Warming portions of the animal
      while shading the injection site resulted in reduced blood flow when heat loss
      occurred. Skin thickness (S in cm) was related to body mass (M in kg) as S = 0.08
      M0.38. Cutaneous blood flow per unit area was found to increase with increasing
      body mass from approximately 0.0025 to 0.025 ml blood-cm-2 of skin-min-1 during
      warming and from 0.0018 to 0.0045 during cooling for the 0.18--8.6 kg animals,
      respectively.

PMID- 696855
TI  - Feeding responses of rats with dorsomedial hypothalamic lesions given ip 2DG or
      glucose.
AB  - The glucoprivation effects of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) on feeding behavior were
      studied in rats with bilateral lesions of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus
      (DMN) and sham-operated controls. The lesioned and sham-operated rats were
      injected intraperitoneally with 2DG (5% wt/vol) at doses of either 150 mg/kg, 300
      mg/kg, or 500 mg/kg, or with saline ("control days"). At all doses significantly
      more sham-operated rats ate and showed an increased food consumption during the
      first few hours after 2DG injection when compared to saline control days.
      However, their 24-h food consumption was normal or less than normal, depending on
      the dose of 2DG. On the other hand, rats with DMN lesions (DMN-L) did not
      increase their food consumption during the 4 h after the injection at any of the
      2DG doses. In a second experiment DMN-L and sham-operated controls were injected
      intraperitoneally with glucose (1.36 g/kg body wt or 2.72 g/kg body wt) or saline
      after an overnight fast. Glucose loads, compared to saline injections,
      significantly depressed the controls' food consumption only during the first hour
      of refeeding. On the other hand, glucose injections did not depress food intake
      of the DMN-L rats. It is suggested that DMN lesions may have either destroyed
      glucoreceptors in the DMN that monitor glucose or the glucoprivation effects
      caused by 2DG and/or glucoreceptive pathways that pass through the DMN.

PMID- 696856
TI  - Proton semiconductors and energy transduction in biological systems.
AB  - Energy transduction processes in biology are analyzed in terms of ordered chains
      of hydrogen bonds. The theory is an extension of studies on proton conductance in
      ice and is stimulated by current ideas on the role of hydrogen ions in oxidative
      phosphorylation and photophosphorylation. The possibility of a protochemistry
      paralleling electrochemistry is presented along with experimental evidence. The
      theory relating transmembrane electrochemical potential difference of hydrogen
      ion concentration to the synthesis of ATP is reviewed. The thermodynamics of
      hydrogen transfer across a membrane is treated including electrochemical and
      electromechanical factors. As a prelude to considering ATP synthesis, the acid
      base dissociation reactions of ATP, ADP, and phosphate are analyzed. The
      thermodynamics of ATP synthesis is discussed and a detailed model is presented
      coupling the synthesis to proton transport. The model assumes a gated proton
      semiconductor that carries protons and allows them to interact specifically with
      well-defined substrate molecules. The physics of proton transport is outlined and
      various methods examined in the context of biological membranes. Emphasis is
      placed on solid-state proton semiconductors and the present theory of such
      structures is given. A section is included on possible biological applications of
      these semiconductors.

PMID- 696857
TI  - Polarity of effects of stimulation of Auerbach's plexus on longitudinal muscle.
AB  - The effects of repetitive electrical stimulation of nodes in Auerbach's plexus on
      the longitudinal muscle of rabbit intestine were investigated. Peeled
      longitudinal muscle strips, with adherent Auerbach's plexus, were obtained and
      placed under a stereodissecting microscope.  Neural elements within nodes of
      Auerbach's plexus were stimulated repetitively using a metal microelectrode with
      tip diameter of 5 micrometer. Stimuli applied to a node generally caused
      excitation of the longitudinal muscle on the oral side and inhibition on the anal
      side of the point of stimulation. Excitation of the muscle was mainly
      cholinergic, and inhibition of the muscle was nonadrenergic.  From the results of
      the present study the concept of the law of the intestine, excitation above and
      inhibition below the stimulated spot, was supported.

PMID- 696858
TI  - Secretory effects of secretin on isolated perfused porcine pancreas.
AB  - The effect of pure natural porcine secretin on endocrine and exocrine pancreatic
      secretion was studied in the totally isolated perfused porcine pancreas. The
      exocrine pancreatic responses to secretin correspond well with those obtained in
      the anesthetized pig. The lowest concentration of secretin observed to increase
      pancreatic secretion was 2.8 pmol/liter, whereas the maximum pancreatic responses
      were obtained at a secretin concentration of 92 pmol/liter. The infusion of
      secretin in concentrations ranging from 2.8 to 278 pmol/liter in the presence of
      a constant concentration of glucose (7.5, 5.0, or 3.5 mmol/liter) was without
      effect on the insulin and glucagon release. Infusion of secretin at a
      concentration of 834 pmol/liter in the presence of glucose at 7.5 mmol/liter
      provoked a significant (P less than 0.01) short-lived increase in insulin
      secretion. However, there was no effect on the glucagon secretion. The results of
      this study indicate that neither the augmented insulin response nor the
      suppression of glucagon elicited by oral glucose depend on secretin.

PMID- 696859
TI  - Secretory effects of VIP on isolated perfused porcine pancreas.
AB  - We studied the secretion of insulin, glucagon, and the exocrine secretion of the
      isolated perfused porcine pancreas in response to vasoactive intestinal
      polypeptide (VIP) in concentrations ranging from 30 to 18,750 pmol/liter at
      various concentrations of glucose in the perfusion medium. VIP stimulated the
      insulin and glucagon secretion in a dose-dependent manner. The response pattern
      was critically dependent on the glucose concentration. In the presence of a
      glucose concentration of 7.5 mmol/liter, VIP enhanced insulin release without
      affecting glucagon release. Maximal insulin release was obtained at a VIP
      concentration of 3,750 pmol/liter. At a glucose concentration of 5.0 or 3.5
      mmol/liter, VIP enhanced glucagon release but not insulin release. VIP stimulated
      the exocrine secretion in a secretin-like manner. The lowest concentration of VIP
      observed to increase pancreatic exocrine secretion was 30 pmol/liter, whereas the
      maximal pancreatic exocrine responses were not obtained.

PMID- 696860
TI  - Esophageal contractions induced by vagal stimulation in the opossum.

PMID- 696861
TI  - Organ culture studies of rat antrum: evidence for an antral inhibitor of gastrin
      release.
AB  - The regulation of gastrin release in rodent antral mucosal organ cultures was
      investigated. The tissue was well preserved morphologically and medium gastrin
      concentration increased steadily throughout a 24-h culture period. The effects of
      peptone and a bovine serum albumin digest on gastrin release were independently
      investigated. During the periods these agents were in contact with the tissue,
      medium gastrin concentration did not differ from those of control cultures.
      However, treatment cultures released a significantly greater amount of gastrin
      into the medium than did control cultures during the two posttreatment periods. 
      Prolongation of the period of exposure to peptone did not alter this secretory
      pattern. The rise in medium gastrin concentration that followed the removal of
      peptone was directly related to the medium peptone concentration and was
      partially inhibited by readdition of peptone to cultured antral explants. These
      results suggest that substances which stimulate gastrin release in vivo may cause
      the accumulation of an antral inhibitor of gastrin release when exposed to rat
      antral mucosa in culture.

PMID- 696862
TI  - Rat lingual lipase: factors affecting enzyme activity and secretion.
AB  - The lingual serous glands of rat tongue secrete a potent lipase that acts in the
      stomach in which it initiates the digestion of dietary fat. The subcellular
      localization of the enzyme and factors affecting its activity and secretion were
      studied in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. In a fraction rich in secretory
      granules, 42% of the lipase content of lingual serous glands was recovered after
      fractionation of homogenates of discontinuous gradients of urografin in 0.3 M
      sucrose. Lipase secretion was stimulated by isoprenaline: 2 h after isoprenaline
      administration, the lipase content of lingual serous glands was 73 +/- 5% lower
      than that of the control group. Accumulation of lipase began 8 h after the
      injection, reaching 57 +/- 7% of the initial level of the control group after 25
      h. Bilateral resection of the glosso-pharyngeal nerves or bilateral sympathectomy
      led to a 40--50% decrease of enzyme activity in 7 days. Enzyme activity was
      markedly affected by the fat content of the diet. Feeding a high-fat diet (22%
      corn oil) for a period of 2 wk led to a 45% increase in the lipase content of
      lingual serous glands. The exponential rise in the lipase activity of the lingual
      serous glands immediately after birth could be related to the high-fat content of
      rat milk. The data suggest that the lingual serous glands are similar to other
      exocrine glands such as pancreas and parotid gland in the subcellular
      localization of secretory enzymes and mechanisms of enzyme secretion.

PMID- 696863
TI  - Smooth muscle mechanical responses in vitro to bethanechol after progesterone in
      male rat.
AB  - Male Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated subcutaneously with either progesterone
      (3 mg/kg per day) in a vehicle or a vehicle only for 3 days. Antral and
      gastroduodenal junctional tissues (GJT) were excised from both groups of animals
      and prepared for in vitro mechanical measurements. Responses from the circular
      muscle axis of these tissues were recorded with strain gauge transducers over a
      30-min period. Chemical stimulation of the tissue was achieved with a muscarinic
      agonist, bethanechol chloride. Log-dose response curves suggested that untreated
      antral tissue generated stronger contractile activity than untreated GJT on an
      equal weight basis at bethanechol dose levels of 6.4 X 10(-6) M to 1 X 10(-4) M
      (P less than 0.005). Antral tissue and GJT contractile activity from the
      progesterone pretreated animals was significantly reduced (P less than 0.01)
      compared to the corresponding tissues from untreated animals at bethanechol dose
      levels of 6.4 X 10(-6) M and 1.28 X 10(-5) M. Progesterone pretreatment appeared
      to have little effect on the contractile frequency of either tissue. These
      results suggest possible progesteronic influences on contractile force in
      gastrointestinal smooth muscle.

PMID- 696864
TI  - Effects of solute-coupled transport on lymph flow and oncotic pressures in cat
      ileum.
AB  - The effects of net volume absorption rate on steady-state lymphatic and capillary
      volume flows, lymphatic protein flux, and lymph oncotic pressure were analyzed in
      an isolated vascularly perfused cat ileum preparation. Solute-coupled fluid
      transport was stimulated by instilling either Tyrode solution, Tyrode + glucose,
      Tyrode + taurocholic acid (TC), Tyrode + TC + oleic acid, or Tyrode + aspartic
      acid, into the ileal lumen. Lymph flow increased in a sigmoidal fashion as net
      volume absorption rate increased. A linear relationship was observed between
      lymphatic protein flux and net volume absorption rate. The relative contributions
      of the intestinal capillary and lymphatic systems in removing absorbed volume
      from the mucosal interstitium was highly dependent on the rate of net volume
      absorption. Lymph oncotic pressure decreased progressively as net volume
      absorption rate increased with a maximal reduction in lymph oncotic pressure of
      6.0-7.0 mmHg at the higher volume absorption rates. The results of this study
      indicate that 1) the rate of solute-coupled fluid transport greatly influences
      the rate of intestinal lympathic and capillary volume flows, lymphatic protein
      flux, and lymph oncotic pressure, 2) a reduction in tissue oncotic pressure may
      serve as the major driving force for vascular removal of absorved volume, and 3)
      the increase in capillary permeability to plasma proteins during fluid transport
      is related to the rate of volume absorption.

PMID- 696865
TI  - Development of the circadian rhythm of jejunal sucrase activity in the weanling
      rat.
AB  - In the adult rat, fed ad libitum, the activity of jejunal sucrase shows a diurnal
      rhythm with a peak during the dark period. Ontogenically, sucrase activity
      appears around the 16th postnatal day, then rises rapidly, and reaches adult
      levels by the 25th day. Our aim was to determine the developmental stage at which
      the diurnal rhythm appears and to elucidate its physiological basis. When sampled
      every 3 h on the 19th day, jejunal sucrase showed no discernible pattern with
      time. In contrast, at 22 days (1 day after completion of weaning) a circadian
      rhythm very similar to that of adults had appeared. Weights of stomach contents
      showed that the adult pattern of nocturnal feeding also matured between days 19
      and 22. When weaning was prevented, no sucrase rhythm was detected on day 22,
      despite an imposed rhythm of suckling. Thus the sucrase rhythm is normally cued
      by some aspect of weaning other than rhythmic ingestion per se. Although
      corticosterone seemed a likely mediator of the sucrase rhythm, studies in adult
      rats showed that the rhythm persists in adrenalectomized animals.

PMID- 696866
TI  - Effect of atropine and vagotomy on pancreatic polypeptide response to a meal in
      dogs.
AB  - In four conscious dogs the pancreatic polypeptide (PP) response to a standard
      beef-liver meal was measured by specific radioimmunoassay and compared with the
      response seen after the intravenous injection of 25 or 100 microgram/kg atropine.
      All three tests were performed twice in each animal and then repeated after
      truncal vagotomy. The mean prevagotomy postprandial PP increment was 85 +/- 16
      pmol/liter in the first 2-h period and 54.5 +/- 13 pmol/liter in the second.
      After the injection of 25 microgram/kg atropine there was significant reduction
      in the early response (mean delta PP = 39 +/- 17 pmol/liter, P less than 0.05),
      but not the late (mean delta PP = 62 +/- 18 pmol/liter). After 100 microgram/kg
      atropine sulfate, the response was significantly reduced during both periods
      (mean delta PP = 5.5 +/- 5.2 and 20 +/- 8.8 pmol/liter, respectively, P less than
      0.01). Truncal vagotomy significantly (P less than 0.01) reduced the PP response
      over both time periods (mean delta PP = 6.4 +/- 2.2 and 5.8 +/- 3.8 pmol/liter),
      and the small residual response was completely abolished by atropine. In five
      additional dogs an infusion of bethanechol (100 microgram . kg-1.h-1) caused a
      significant increase (P less than 0.05) in the plasma concentration (mean delta
      PP = 40.9 +/- 11.8 pmol/liter), which was abolished by pretreatment with atropine
      (mean delta PP = -2.9 +/- 2.1 pmol/liter). These studies suggest that PP release
      in response to a meal in the dog is largely under vagal-cholinergic control.

PMID- 696867
TI  - Cluconeogenesis from alanine in vivo by the ovine fetus and lamb.

PMID- 696868
TI  - Concentrative PAH transport by rabbit kidney slices in the absence of metabolic
      energy.
AB  - Characteristics of para-aminohippurate (PAH) transport in the absence of
      intracellular metabolism were studied with Na+, K+-depleted and ouabain-poisoned
      rabbit kidney cortex slices. The imposition of a NaCl gradient (out to in)
      resulted in specific stimulation of PAH uptake. PAH accumulated against its
      concentration gradient when cell [Na+] was less than medium [Na+]. Conversely,
      renal cells extruded PAH when cell [Na+] exceeded medium [Na+]. Membrane
      potential measured with triphenylmethylphosphonium revealed that conditions which
      created an interior-positive membrane potential inhibited the Na+-dependent
      transport of PAH but caused stimulation of the Na+-independent component.
      Characteristics of the Na+-dependent PAH transport system in ouabain-poisoned
      slices were similar to those previously described in metabolically active
      tissues.

PMID- 696869
TI  - Characterization of the postocclusive response of renal blood flow in the cat.
AB  - In contrast to the postocclusive hyperemia of brain, heart, and skeletal muscle,
      the hemodynamic response of the kidney following renal artery occlusion is highly
      variable in that both hyperemia and ischemia have been reported. The present
      study evaluates the factors influencing the renal response to complete renal
      artery occlusion (5-60 s) in the anesthetized cat. Marked postocclusive
      vasoconstriction could only be domonstrated in meclofenamate-treated (10 mg/kg)
      cats. The delta% renal blood flow (RBF) (30-s occlusion) was 16 +/- 4 in controls
      and 54 +/- 4 after meclofenamate (n= 10; P less than 0.001). Chronic denervation
      of the kidney, alpha-adrenergic receptor blockade, or infusion of [Sar1,
      Ile8]angiotensin II(2 microgram/min per kg) did not affect the postocclusive
      reduction of RBF, indicating that the vasoconstriction was independent of renal
      nerves, catecholamines, and circulating angiotesin II. Adenosine injected into
      the renal artery of five cats caused a dose-dependent transient fall of RBF. A
      dose of 100 nmol adenosine reduced RBF by 44 +/- 6% whereas after meclofenamate
      only 1 nmol produced the same degree of vasoconstriction. In summary, this study
      demonstrates a marked potentiation of the postocclusive vasoconstrictor response
      and the vasoconstrictive action of adenosine by meclofenamate in the anesthetized
      animal. No evidence was obtained to support a role for the sympathetic nervous
      system or circulating angiotensin II in mediating the postocclusive
      vasoconstriction.

PMID- 696870
TI  - Separate renal function studies in conscious dogs with renovascular hypertension.
AB  - A new method was developed for separate kidney function studies by catheterizing
      the ureters and exteriorizing the catheters through the urethra into the vagina.
      Renal artery plication was performed to reduce blood flow to one kidney by 66 +/-
      5%. Arterial pressure increased from 107 +/- 2 to 131 +/- 3 mmHg and remained
      elevated for 28 days. Plasma renin activity was increased for the first 7-10 days
      only. Sodium and water excretion were markedly reduced in the kidney with the
      stenosed renal artery and after the first 2 days Na and water excretion were
      incresed in the contralateral kidney. These changes in Na and water excretion
      were frequently associated with similar directional changes in glomerular
      filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow. An exception was noted in that renal
      sodium and water excretion remained low throughout the 28 days in the kidney with
      the constricted renal artery, whereas GRF returned to near the control level by
      the end of 2 wk. Altered filtration fraction did not appear to be a determining
      factor in control of the rate of Na excretion. It is suggested that GFR, the
      renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and other as yet undefined factors are
      involved in salt and water homeostasis during unilateral renal artery stenosis
      with hypertension.

PMID- 696871
TI  - Effect of parathyroid hormone on phosphate reabsorption in rat distal
      convolution.

PMID- 696872
TI  - Iodide and thiocyanate efflux from brain following injection into rat caudate
      nucleus.
AB  - Mechanisms and pathways of 125I and 35SCN efflux from the brain were investigated
      in anesthetized rats. Tracers were injected into the caudate nucleus through a
      guide cannula implanted 1 wk previously and concentrations of isotope in brain
      and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were determined at various times after injection.
      125I clearance from the brain followed a single exponential curve. In control
      rats 36.2% of the 125I remained in the brain 30 min after injection and 60.4% in
      rats pretreated with perchlorate.  Comparable values for 35SCN were 25.8% in
      control rats, 41.0% with perchlorate, and 39.7% with iodide loading. Estimates of
      125I and 35SCN effluxes from the brain via the blood-brain barrier and CSF
      pathways suggest that greater than 95% of efflux crosses the blood-brain 
      barrier. These results indicate that 1)iodide and thiocyanate are transported
      across the blood-brain barrier by a common mechanism, and 2) this efflux system
      is an important factor in the control of the distributions of iodide and
      thiocyanate in the central nervous system.

PMID- 696873
TI  - Effects of inhibitors of prostaglandin synthesis on renal sodium excretion in
      normal dogs and dogs with decreased renal mass.

PMID- 696874
TI  - Influence of perfusate osmolality on stop-flow pressure feedback responses in the
      dog.

PMID- 696875
TI  - Metabolism of arginine by the isolated perfused rat kidney.
AB  - In order to evaluate the renal contribution to the metabolism of arginine, we
      have evaluated its biosynthesis and catabolism in the isolated perfused rat
      kidney. The kidneys of eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were perfused with Krebs
      Ringer-bicarbonate buffer containing albumin and amino acids. Twenty-five muCi of
      L-[guanidino-14C]arginine or 25 muCi L-[guanidino-14C]citrulline were added to
      the system and radiochromatograms of the perfusate were obtained at 0, 30, 60,
      and 90 min. Perfusate levels of urea, creatine, and guanidine derivatives were
      measured with high-pressure liquid chromatography. During perfusion there was net
      utilization of arginine and net production of creatine, guanidinoacetic acid
      (GAA) and guanidinosuccinic acid (GSA). The guanidino carbon of arginine was
      incorporated by the kidney into urea, creatine GSA, GAA, and guanidinobutyric
      acid. The production of 14C-labeled urea from L-[guanidino-14C]citrulline was
      substantially lower than that previously demonstrated in the liver, while that of
      arginine was approximately 20 times greater. These studies demonstrate the
      important contribution of the kidney to the synthesis and metabolism of arginine.

PMID- 696876
TI  - Effect of ionophore RO 2-2985 on the efflux of calcium from the rat nephron.
AB  - The effect of the ionophore RO 2-2985 on the efflux of calcium from the renal
      tubule was studied employing the in vivo microinjection technique. Microinjection
      solutions contained either RO 2-2985 (E) or its diluent (C). Following
      microinjections into the early proximal tubule, urinary 45Ca recoveries averaged
      10.1 +/- 1.9 (C) and 3.5 +/- 1.4% (E) (P is less than 0.005), while recoveries
      averaged 32.3 +/- 6.9 (C) and 24.9 +/- 6.5% (E) (P is less than 0.05) following
      microinjections into the late proximal tubule. To determine if the decreased
      recovery of calcium was a specific effect, the effect of RO 2-2985 on the efflux
      of sodium, phosphate, and 3-O-methyl-D-glucose was examined. Compared to
      controls, RO2-2985 did not affect the urinary recoveries of 22Na,
      [32P]orthophosphoric acid, or 3-O-methyl-D-[14C]glucose. These studies
      demonstrate that RO 2-2985 enhances the efflux of calcium microinjected into the
      proximal portions of the rat nephron.

PMID- 696877
TI  - Vasopressin in the rat with spontaneous hypertension.
AB  - Because vasopressin is one of the most potent naturally occurring pressor agents,
      and because of its importance in the regulation of blood volume and composition,
      we have undertaken a study of the role of vasopressin in the pathogenesis of the
      hypertension in the Okamoto-Aoki spontaneously hypertension (SH) rat. In SH rats,
      systolic blood pressure increased from 135 +/- 3 (SE) mmHg at age 33 days to 184
      +/- 3 mmHg at age 75 days (P less than 0.01). In the Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) control
      rats, blood pressure increased from 100 +/- 2 to 120 +/- 2 mmHg (P less than
      0.01). The differences in blood pressure between the SH and WKY rats at all ages
      were significant (P less than 0.01). During the age period 33-75 days, the 24-h
      urinary excretion of vasopressin in the SH rat was consistently more than twofold
      greater (P less than 0.01) than in the WKY rat. Plasma vasopressin concentration
      and pituitary vasopressin content were also elevated in the SH rat (P less than
      0.01 and P less than 0.02, respectively). Changes in systolic blood pressure in
      the SH rat, however, were not paralleled by changes in the urinary excretion of
      vasopressin. The data indicate that the secretion of vasopressin is elevated in
      the SH rat. However, the magnitude of this elevation, in and of itself, may not
      be sufficient to account for the rising blood pressure in the young SH rat.

PMID- 696878
TI  - Effect of indomethacin on coronary vascular response to increased myocardial
      oxygen consumption.
AB  - We tested the hypothesis that arachidonic acid metabolites mediate the coronary
      vascular response to changes in cardiac activity. Isoproterenol was administered
      intravenously to five chloralose-anesthetized, open-chest dogs. Left anterior
      descending coronary artery blood flow, systemic arterial blood pressure, and
      great cardiac vein O2 content were continuously measured, and blood gas
      determination (including O2 content) were made before and after infusions. From
      these data, coronary vascular conductance, coronary O2 delivery, and  myocardial
      O2 consumption were calculated. Isoproterenol increased conductance, O2 delivery,
      and O2 consumption. Indomethacin, a blocker of prostaglandin synthesis, was
      administered, and the isoproterenol infusions were repeated. The changes in
      conductance, O2 delivery, and O2 consumption associated with isoproterenol were
      not different after indomethacin was administered than before indomethacin was
      administered. Neither were the relations between conductance or O2 delivery and
      O2 consumption affected by indomethacin. We conclude that, in this preparation
      and with this stimulus, prostaglandins do not appear to mediate or modulate the
      coronary vascular response to changes in cardiac activity.

PMID- 696879
TI  - Mechanism of rhythm determination among pacemaker cells of the mammalian sinus
      node.
AB  - The isolated rabbit sinus node was partly divided into two parts by a cut in the
      middle portion. Microelectrode recording near the bridge connecting the two parts
      revealed an interference between action potentials from the two parts. Comparison
      of microelectrode recordings from the two parts taken near the bridge suggested
      that an induced peculiar rhythm change in one part was probably induced by the
      electrotonic effects of the action potentials of the other part. To prove this, a
      subthreshold depolarizing square-wave pulse was applied extracellularly to the
      isolated uncut sinus node. When the pulse was applied in the early portion of
      slow diastolic depolarization, diastole was prolonged, and when it was applied in
      the later portion, diastole was shortened. These findings can explain the
      observed peculiar thythm and suggest that in the mammalian sinus node, pacemaker
      cells accelerate or decelerate mutually by the electrotonic effects of their
      action potentials, depending on the phase of application of the effects. In
      particular, for some time the faster pacemaker cells could be influenced by
      dragging effects from the neighboring slower pacemaker cells and the slower
      pacemaker cells by pulling effects from the neighboring faster pacemaker cells.

PMID- 696880
TI  - Effects of intraventricular angiotensin II mediated by the sympathetic nervous
      system.
AB  - Central effects of angiotensin II were studied in rats treated with
      adrenalectomy, chemical sympathectomy with intravenous 6-hydroxydopamine, or a
      combination of both. Unrestrained, unanesthetized rats were compared before and
      after one of the three treatments to determine water drinking and blood pressure
      responses to intracerebroventricular (ivt) injections of 50 and 500 ng
      angiotensin II (AII). Adrenalectomy alone did not alter either drinking or
      pressor response to AIIivt. Peripheral sympathectomy alone resulted in a
      prolonged latency for pressor response but did not significantly alter drinking
      response to AIIivt. Results obtained by combined treatment were not significantly
      different from results obtained by sympathectomy alone. There remained a pressor
      response to AIIivt after combined treatment. The adrenals do not appear to be
      involved in mediating pressor response to AIIivt. Furthermore, sympathetic neural
      activation alone causes the early pressor response to AIIivt. Finally, some other
      factor(s) in addition to sympathetic neural activation must contribute to the
      pressor response to AIIivt.

PMID- 696882
TI  - The pacemaker cell of the sinoatrial node of the rabbit.
AB  - Rabbit sinoatrial nodes were isolated and studied in an attempt to determine the
      cell of origin of the true pacemaker potential. Cells of the sinoatrial node of
      the rabbit giving rise to the characteristic true pacemaker potential were
      iontophoretically tagged with lanthanum. The lanthanum appeared within the
      cytoplasm of cells, which morpholigically are "P" cells. The lanthanum appeared
      as small, amorphous, electron-dense globules. It is concluded from this study
      that the P or pale cell is the source of the true pacemaker action potential of
      the sinoatrial node.

PMID- 696881
TI  - Actions of prostaglandins on isolated perfused cat coronary arteries.
AB  - Effects of prostaglandins on coronary arterial smooth muscle were studied in
      isolated perfused cat coronary arteries. This preparation was shown to be
      responsive to known vasoactive agents, including angiotensin II, adenosine, and
      norepinephrine. Prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha (PGE2 and PGF2 alpha) produced
      dose-dependent coronary arterial constriction at concentrations of 3 times 10(-9)
      M or greater. PGE1 produced a biphasic dose-response curve with constriction at
      low concentrations greater than 10(-7) M.PGI2 dilated coronary arteries at
      concentrations greater than 10(-8) M. Inhibition of endogenous prostaglandin
      synthesis with meclofenamate potentiated responses to prostaglandins. The
      endoperoxide, PGH2, slightly constricted cat coronary arteries. However, in the
      presence of human platelet microsomes, PGH2 was converted to thromboxane
      A2(TxA2), which was the most potent coronary artery constrictor among the
      naturally occurring compounds studied. Analysis of coronary artery perfusate for
      TxB2 confirmed the thromboxane generation, which was markedly lower in the
      presence of imidazole. Two synthetic endoperoxide analogs produced potent
      coronary arterial constriction. Induction of hypoxia to a PO2 of 50 mmHg or
      increasing basal tome with 30 mM KCl did not diminish coronary artery response to
      prostaglandins, suggesting that prostaglandins released from ischemic myocardial
      tissue may influence coronary arterial tone.

PMID- 696883
TI  - Alteration in heart rate response to hemorrhage in conscious dogs with volume
      overload.
AB  - The heart rate response to hemorrhage was studied in conscious dogs before and up
      to 2 mo after the establishment of volume overload due to systemic arteriovenous
      (a-v) fistulas. Before a-v fistula, heart rate increased markedly during
      hemorrhage. When hemorrhage was preceded by dextran infusion, bleeding resulted
      in a gradual reduction in heart rate. The a-v fistula caused marked increases in
      resting heart rate, central venous pressure, pulse pressure, and blood volume.
      During hemorrhage, heart rate initially remained constant, but then declined
      abruptly from the resting value of 121 +/- 3.7 beats/min to a nadir of 89 +/- 6.5
      beats/min (P less than 0.01). Although mean arterial pressure decreased markedly,
      there was no significant change in pulse pressure, and central venous pressure
      tended to stabilize with the heart rate decline. The abrupt heart rate decline
      was prevented by atropine but unaltered by propranolol. The response was observed
      as early as 5 days after a-v fistula. We conclude that an alteration in the heart
      rate response to hemorrhage appears early during volume overload. This alteration
      appears to be reflex in nature and to be mediated by the parasympathetic nervous
      system.

PMID- 696884
TI  - Effects of coronary ligation of the chromically sympathectomized dog ventricle.
AB  - The cardiac response to acute coronary occlusion was studied after chronic
      ventricular sympathectomy. Infarct size was measured using nitro blue
      tetrazolium. In 11 control dogs, 8 dogs with ventricles sympathectomized 2 wk
      earlier, and 5 sham-operated dogs, mean infarct size was 20.0%, 8.9%, and 20.4%
      of the left ventricular weight, respectively. Infarct size in sympathectomized
      ventricles was significantly less than in control or sham-operated hearts (P less
      than 0.05). Left ventricular perfusion before and after coronary occlusion was
      measured in 10 controls and 7 sympathectomized ventricles using tracer
      microspheres. Preocclusion flow values in chronically sympathectomized ventricles
      were approximately 30-40% less than in controls even though arterial pressure and
      heart rate were no different, suggesting an increased efficiency. Furthermore,
      after coromanary occlusion, collateral perfusions in the central and peripheral
      ischemic zones of the sympathectomized ventricles were 200-400% of those in
      nonsympathectomized ventricles. When collateral perfusion was related to the
      respective preocclusion flows, the difference between control and
      sympathectomized ventricles was even greater. Thus, chronic ventricular
      sympathectomy results in reduced infarct size, and this effect may be due to a
      reduced flow demand as well as to an increased collateral perfusion.

PMID- 696885
TI  - Coronary and transmural myocardial blood flow responses in awake domestic pigs.

PMID- 696886
TI  - Hemodynamic effects of electrical stimulation of forebrain angiotensin and
      osmosensitive sites.
AB  - Previous studies from this laboratory have indicated an important role for
      angiotensin-sensitive anteroventral third ventricular (AV3V) brain structures in
      normal regulation of arterial pressure and development of renal hypertension. The
      present experiments examined the effects of electrical stimulation of these
      periventricular areas on arterial pressure and regional blood flow in the
      anesthetized rat. Electrodes were placed in the AV3V region 3-10 days prior to
      acute studies.  Blood flow was measured in extracorporeal blood flow circuits.
      Electrical stimulation produced only small changes in arterial pressure. Despite
      the small pressure changes, stimulation caused marked frequency-dependent
      alterations in regional blood flow. Renal and splanchnic flows were reduced while
      hindlimb flow was increased. Resistance changes were abolished by surgical
      denervation or ganglionic blockade but were unaffected by adrenalectomy.
      Hemodynamic responses to AV3V stimulation were abolished by a lesion in the area
      of the median eminence. It may be concluded that AV3V stimulation, through
      activation of pathways descending through the ventromedial hypothalamus-median
      eminence region, produces profound regional blood flow shifts without greatly
      altering arterial pressure.

PMID- 696887
TI  - Pulmonary artery catheterization in the rat.
AB  - A method of pulmonary artery (PA) catheterization in the closed-chest rat is
      described. This catheterization is best accomplished with teflon catheters having
      a "shepherd's crook" tip. Catheter preparation is detailed. The functional
      advantages of such a PA catheter are: 1) the tip can remain free within the right
      ventricle (RV)  without becoming occluded by contact with the ventricular wall,
      and 2) entry into the PA is simple and reproducible. Dual catheterization of the
      RVand PA produced only a small systolic gradient (3 mmHg) across the pulmonic
      valve. We concluded that the PA catheter does not unduly obstruct blood flow
      through this valve.

PMID- 696888
TI  - Flexible valinomycin electrodes for on-line determination of intravascular and
      myocardial K+.
AB  - Flexible electrode systems capable of monitoring in vivo changes in venous and
      myocardial extracellular potassium activity were constructed using valinomycin
      polyvinyl chloride matrix membrane and polyvinyl chloride tubing. Electrode
      impedance was 1--30 Momega, time constant 10--200 ms, drift less than 1 mV/h, and
      shelf life approximately 3 days (intramyocardial electrode) and approximately 6
      wk (venous electrode). In vitro and in vivo accuracy were determined in 5 dogs
      and 18 pigs, anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (35 mg/kg iv), with normal
      and elevated K+ levels. Serum and venous K+ concentration, determined using a K+
      electrode with tip diameter of 1.5 mm, correlated well to serum K+ values
      determined by flame photometry (r = 0.997). Steady-state myocardial extracellular
      K+ concentration determined using double-barrel electrodes with total tip
      diameter of 0.6 mm also correlated well to the serum K+ concentration (r =
      0.992). These electrode assemblies permit on-line, virtually instantaneous in
      vivo determination of intravascular and local myocardial extracellular K+
      activity, a capability not previously available.

PMID- 696889
TI  - Psychiatry and the fiscal third party.
AB  - Third-party payment has profound effects on such areas of psychiatry as
      confidentiality; diagnosis; the therapeutic relationship; psychiatry's
      identification with the rest of medicine and the role of nonphysician mental
      health professionals; psychiatric education; and the availability, type,
      location, and quality control of treatment. As third-party payment becomes
      increasingly frequent, psychiatrists will have to come to terms with its good and
      bad effects in hospitals and community mental health centers as well as in
      private practice.

PMID- 696890
TI  - Is modern-day schizophrenic outcome still negative?
AB  - To evaluate formulations about more positive outcome in modern-day schizophrenic
      patients, the authors assessed 132 young patients 2.7 years after hospital
      discharge. Despite modern treatment techniques, only 14%-17% of the 79
      schizophrenic patients in the study group were functioning effectively without
      relapses; 50% had adjusted very poorly. The schizophrenic patients were
      functioning significantly more poorly than the nonschizophrenic patients in all
      areas (p less than .01), showing poor adjustment, high symptom levels, and high
      rehospitalization rates. The two major acute subgroups (schizo-affective and
      acute schizophrenic patients) were functioning better than those with paranoid
      and chronic schizophrenia. Overall, the authors conclude, diagnosis carries
      prognostic implications. Schizophrenic outcome is more favorable today than it
      was in Bleuler and Kraepelin's era, but it is still relatively negative.

PMID- 696891
TI  - Diagnosis of nonpatients in the general community.
AB  - Using a sample of 116 subjects drawn from a large metropolitan area, the authors
      compared ratings of psychopathology from both structured and clinical interviews.
      Although the two types of interviews yielded similar findings when there was
      definite psychopathology or definite signs of health, for some subjects in the
      middle range between health and sickness, the two interviews did not yield
      similar findings. The authors suggest the need for a new typology to categorize
      nonpatients in the community who are in the middle range between frank
      psychiatric disorder and optimal mental health.

PMID- 696892
TI  - Some determinants of maternal attachment.
AB  - The authors conducted prenatal interviews and behavior observation sessions with
      46 families in which the woman was pregnant. These families were again
      interviewed and observed 7 days, 1 month, 2 months, and 6 months after the child
      was born. The authors found that the most significant variable predicting the
      variance of maternal attachment was the length of separation of mother and
      infant: less separation was associated with greater attachment. The next most
      significant variable was birth experience, followed in importance by the length
      of labor and prenatal attitudes and expectations.

PMID- 696893
TI  - The role of infant observation in child psychiatry training.
AB  - The authors discuss the role of infant observation in the training of child
      psychiatrists, emphasizing the overriding importance of the subtle but crucial
      interactions in the mother-infant relationship. Infant observation is valuable in
      preparing the student as an observer of behavior, and developmental concepts are
      taught and learned more easily in programs that provide opportunities for
      observing normal infants. The infant study program in the Department of
      Psychiatry of the University of Michigan Medical Center is presented as a model.

PMID- 696895
TI  - Combat neurosis in inner-city schools.
AB  - The author studied 253 classroom teachers who were referred for psychiatric
      evaluation because of varying degrees of psychological stress and physical
      trauma. These teachers had experienced actual assault or the threat of assault in
      inner-city schools. The author evaluated these patients' ego functioning,
      attitudes, current life situations, and the presence of any predisposing factors.
      On the basis of these evaluations and using guidelines established in studies of
      combat neurosis, he recommends that individuals who experience severe
      occupational stress be provided psychological training to prepare them to handle
      stress, constant support of and access to people in administrative positions, and
      a mechanism for crisis intervention.

PMID- 696896
TI  - Patient-therapist matching: a research evaluation.
AB  - The author tested the predictive power of 10 hypotheses about the personality
      qualities of therapists that match with those of schizophrenic inpatients to
      affect therapeutic course. The personality matching traits predicted with
      significant accuracy the quality of the therapeutic relationship and even the
      type of overall clinical outcome. Examination of the data revealed that most of
      this surprising predictive strength derived from a group of highly
      intercorrelated personality qualities. Taken together, these qualities reflected
      a capacity of therapists to be comfortable while being involved with a variety of
      strong affects in their schizophrenic inpatients. The limitations of this study
      and its advantages over the A-B typology are discussed.

PMID- 696894
TI  - Third-party payers: to pay or not to pay.
AB  - Insurance companies have traditionally been wary of providing coverage for mental
      illness for two reasons: 1) they fear that people would bring a mental illness on
      themselves or would use treatment for self-actualization, and 2) they fear the
      risk of providing never-ending treatment for "incurable" illness. The author
      states that the insurers' fears are groundless but suggests that psychiatrists
      research the utilization and costs of their treatments in insurance plans
      collaboratively with the actuaries who determine policy and premiums.
      Retrospective and prospective criteria for outcome and effectiveness of
      psychiatric treatment must be developed and applied.

PMID- 696897
TI  - "No-commitment week": a feasibility study.
AB  - To determine the extent to which involuntary hospitalization is overused, a "No
      Commitment Week" was set aside, during which emergency room psychiatrists
      committed only patients in absolute need of hospitalization. Compared with the
      week before and the week after, there was no significant difference in the number
      of patients committed during No-Commitment Week. The authors propose replication
      of the study on a larger scale but suggest that decisions about involuntary
      hospitalization in public mental hospitals are the result of societal attitudes,
      which will be subject to change as long as society itself continues to change.

PMID- 696898
TI  - The internship year: a negative view.
AB  - The decision to add a fourth year of training with emphasis on a primary care
      internship experience has created serious problems for most psychiatric residency
      training programs. The logistic problems involved in having a department of
      psychiatry develop an internship program are formidable. The experiences being
      provided are less than optimum. Conceivably, the logistic and quality
      uncertainties that now characterize some PGY-I programs may be a factor in
      discouraging medical graduates from entering psychiatry. The reasons for moving
      to an internship experience are also questionable. There are no data which
      suggest that the new training will produce better psychiatrists. Nor can the case
      for the internship be supported by past experience or an analysis of the
      educational needs of today's psychiatrist. Dr. John Romano comments on the
      author's presentation.

PMID- 696899
TI  - The internship year: a negative view. Comment.

PMID- 696900
TI  - Seclusion: uses and complications.
AB  - A total of 7.2% of the patients in a private psychiatric hospital were placed in
      seclusion during a one-year study. These 63 patients had a more frequent
      diagnosis of schizophrenia and manic-depressive illness, manic type, than a
      comparison group. Significant intergroup differences in age and length of
      hospitalization became insignificant when the seclusion patients under 20 were
      excluded. Although seclusion was often used to protect patients, others, and
      property, the most frequent reason was to maintain a therapeutic environment.
      This study pointed toward a staff tendency to see the "problem" of the patient's
      behavior as being solved by seclusion rather than viewing seclusion as an
      intensive care environment in which the patient's behavior and treatment could be
      morec arefully monitored.

PMID- 696901
TI  - Popping and snorting volatile nitrites: a current fad for getting high.
AB  - In certain social circles a variety of volatile nitrites are being used
      extensively to expand creativity, stimulate music appreciation, promote a sense
      of abandon in dancing, and intensify sexual experience. Soon after amyl nitrite
      (the prototype of this group) became a prescription drug, legally produced
      substitutes appeared and were sold as room odorizers. Analyses of eight of these
      substitutes showed them to contain isomers of butyl or amyl alcohol and a
      corresponding nitrite. The authors describe the context of use of these products
      and their desired and adverse effects.

PMID- 696902
TI  - Comparing arrest rates of mental patients and criminal offenders.
AB  - The authors compared the arrest rates of former mental patients with those of
      criminal offenders released in the same jurisdiction. The data for all ex
      patients and all offenders released in Albany County, New York, in 1968 and 1975
      support the contention that it is the relationship between prior and subsequent
      arrests that explains the increasing crime rate of ex-patients and the three to
      six times higher rate of arrest of released offenders. Since the three-quarters
      of former patients with no arrest records were arrested about as often as the
      general population and substantially less often than offenders, care is warranted
      in drawing inferences from overall mental patient arrest rates.

PMID- 696903
TI  - Supplemental Security Income and the sick role.
AB  - Supplemental Security Income (SSI) has given the psychiatrically disabled a
      dependable source of income and helped make it possible for them to live outside
      state hospitals. The change to SSI has had an important effect on delabeling and
      decreasing the stigma of receiving Aid to the Disabled. However, the secondary
      gain inherent in SSI may interfere with social and vocational rehabilitation
      efforts. The authors present recommendations aimed at making the SSI system more
      conducive to social integration and rehabilitation.

PMID- 696904
TI  - The mind-body dichotomy reified: an illustrative case.
AB  - Cartesian dualism, the splitting of human existence into mind versus body, is at
      times reified with unfortunate consequences. The authors report a case in which a
      social policy formulation based on such diagnostic dualism resulted in the denial
      of health-related facility placement to a patient. They argue that this denial
      was prejudicial and illogical and that benefits should be related to a functional
      disability rather than to diagnosis.

PMID- 696905
TI  - Tardive dyskinesia reinduced by lithium carbonate.

PMID- 696906
TI  - Successful treatment of thalamic pain with apomorphine.

PMID- 696907
TI  - Hyperthermia associated with chlorpromazine and full-sheet restraint.

PMID- 696908
TI  - A single-blind study of ECT in patients with tardive dyskinesia.

PMID- 696909
TI  - Post-ECT asterixis associated with primary hyperparathyroidism.

PMID- 696910
TI  - Pyroluria: a poor marker in chronic schizophrenia.

PMID- 696911
TI  - "Experimental" self-mutilation.

PMID- 696912
TI  - The catatonic dilemma.

PMID- 696913
TI  - Safe use of haloperidol in a patient with cardiac dysrhythmia.

PMID- 696915
TI  - Speech blockage: therapeutic side effect?

PMID- 696914
TI  - Trimipramine and relapses of symptomatic drinking.

PMID- 696916
TI  - An educational approach to short-term hospitalization.

PMID- 696917
TI  - CHAMPUS payment limitations.

PMID- 696918
TI  - Persistent lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus.

PMID- 696919
TI  - Mental health services in HMOs.

PMID- 696920
TI  - Using phylogenetic mechanisms in classification.

PMID- 696921
TI  - Issues critical to the survival of community mental health.
AB  - The author delineates some of the critical issues that face community mental
      health, with the opportunity for either growth and further development or
      regression into a decentralized type of custodial care. These issues include
      clarifying boundaries and priorities, caring for chronically ill
      deinstitutionalized patients, providing differentiated care, collaborating with
      the community, relating to the rest of psychiatry and medicine, defining the
      community psychiatrist's role, maintaining psychiatric manpower, undertaking
      evaluation research, and achieving stable funding. Psychiatry's response to these
      issues will help determine the resolution of this crisis and the future viability
      and direction of community mental health.

PMID- 696922
TI  - The military family syndrome.
AB  - The author reviewed the case records of 792 children and adolescents seen in a
      military clinic over a two-year period. His data suggest that the incidence of
      behavioral disorders was higher in this clinic than in a civilian mental health
      center. Seven problem areas common to records in which a behavioral disorder was
      diagnosed were found. The author suggests that the behavioral problems of the
      group studied represent a process of acting out in the rigid, autocratic system
      of the military. He also suggests that an approach using systems theory and
      modified goals may be more helpful in dealing with problems of military families
      than the traditional individual approach.

PMID- 696923
TI  - Developmental issues in the psychiatric hospitalization of children.
AB  - Rather than becoming repositories for the community's seriously disturbed
      children, children's psychiatric hospitals need to develop milieu programs that
      involve trained child care staff and developmentally oriented child mental health
      professionals. Treatment programs should address the developmental needs and
      abilities of the various age groups and the particular developmental deficits
      reflected in their psychopathologies and should include a variety of treatment
      elements.

PMID- 696924
TI  - The American Psychiatric Association and the Food and Drug Administration: an
      analysis and proposal for action.
AB  - The relationship between medicine and society is currently undergoing substantial
      change. While the Food and Drug Administration has no legal authority over the
      practicing physician, its decisions already influence medical practice. The Drug
      Regulation Reform Act of 1978, if passed in its present form, would grant FDA
      broad new powers over patient care and clinical research. In order to retain a
      high degree of control of its future and activities, the American Psychiatric
      Association must develop an effective mechanism for meeting this challenge and
      for serving the interests of its members and their patients. Dr. Alexander M.
      Schmidt comments on the author's presentation.

PMID- 696925
TI  - Lithium: developments in basic and clinical research.

PMID- 696926
TI  - Clinical correlates of the lithium pump.
AB  - The active efflux of lithium from erythrocytes, expressed as the rate constant
      ko, was studied in patients with primary affective disorder and in controls. The
      authors' data suggest that ko is stable within individuals over time, is
      inhibited during treatment with lithium carbonate, and may be a good index of
      lithium toxicity. ko correlates significantly with the lithium erythrocyte/plasma
      ratio but is seemingly not related to age, sex, or affective disease subtype.
      Preliminary data suggest that ko may be determined, at least in part, by a
      genetic factor.

PMID- 696927
TI  - Erythrocyte concentrations of the lithium ion: clinical correlates and mechanisms
      of action.
AB  - When lithium carbonate is administered to individuals, there is considerable
      intersubject variation in the extent of accumulation of Li+ by erythrocytes. The
      primary reason for this is differences in the activity of a Li+-Na+ counterflow
      system, which, under clinical conditions, removes Li+ from the cell. It appears
      that some bipolar patients accumulate more Li+ in their red cells than either
      unipolar depressives or normal controls. The precise clinical characteristics of
      the bipolar patients who accumulate relatively large amounts of erythrocyte Li+
      need to be clarified in future research. Finally, the measurement of red cell
      concentrations of Li+, in addition to the usual plasma measurement, can be used
      as an indicator of patient compliance.

PMID- 696928
TI  - A heritable disorder of lithium transport in erythrocytes of a subpopulation of
      manic-depressive patients.
AB  - The in vivo RBC/plasma Li+ ratio is determined by the equilibrium between Li+
      influx (ouabain-sensitive Na+-K+ pump and ouabain-insensitive leakage pathways)
      and Li+ efflux (phloretin-sensitive Li+-Na+ counterflow). A study of RBC Li+
      transport via these pathways showed that a deficiency of Li+-Na+ counterflow was
      responsible for the high in vivo ratio (1:1) observed in a manic patient. This
      defect was related to an alteration in the membrane Na+ exchange system and was
      under genetic control. The level of counterflow before lithium therapy was an
      excellent predictor (r = .88) of the in vivo Li+ ratio and was deficient in
      approximately one-fourth of manic-depressive patients but not in controls,
      schizophrenics, or unipolar depressed patients.

PMID- 696929
TI  - Effect of alcohol consumption on state anxiety changes in male and female
      nonalcoholics.
AB  - Ten male and 10 female nonalcoholic college students were given drinks having
      alcohol levels of 0, 0.5, 0.8, and 1.2 g/kg. They were then given four complex
      psychomotor tests, immediately before and after which they were given the
      Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory, and asked to rate their performance on a
      five-point scale. Mean anxiety change scores were -.90, .75, 4.75, and 5.55 for
      the four alcohol doses, respectively. There was no significant correlation
      between anxiety change and actual performance on the visual vigilance task, but
      for males there was a significant correlation between anxiety change and
      perceived level of impairment.

PMID- 696930
TI  - Phencyclidine-induced psychosis.
AB  - During a 13-month period, 9 patients with phencyclidine-induced psychosis were
      admitted to Darnall Army Hospital. They exhibited hostility agitation, and
      tangentiality and had delusions of influence and religious grandiosity. Six
      subjects reported auditory hallucinations, and 4 were disoriented in at least 1
      sphere. Despite treatment with antipsychotic medication, the psychotic episodes
      often persisted for more than 30 days. Our clinical finding of prolonged
      psychotic reactions, together with previous reports of the effects of
      phencyclidine, suggests that phenycyclidine provides an intriguing drug model for
      schizophrenia.

PMID- 696931
TI  - When the psychotherapist is black.
AB  - The authors present a case report of a white neurotic man treated in long-term
      psychoanalytic therapy by a black woman psychiatrist. The defense mechanism of
      reversal--the therapist was white in the patient's early dreams--was evident not
      only in this patient but in several other white patients treated by the black
      therapist. The authors suggest that, contrary to the opinions of a few other
      authors, the reality issues of racial differences can be dealt with successfully
      in this kind of interracial psychotherapy.

PMID- 696932
TI  - Psychiatric training for the primary care obstetrician-gynecologist resident.
AB  - The author describes a model for the psychiatric training of obstetrics
      gynecology house staff members who serve as primary care physicians for women. By
      integrating psychiatric skills with specialty training, the psychiatrist can
      enhance continuity of patient care for the resident during his transition to the
      role of primary care obstetrician-gynecologist.

PMID- 696933
TI  - Psychiatric consultation in an HMO: a model for education in primary care.
AB  - The authors describe a program based on a biopsychosocial model of illness, which
      uses a liaison-consultation approach in an outpatient setting. It is directed
      toward integrating psychiatric education and services with primary care in a
      health maintenance organization. This program can serve as a useful model for
      studying the validity and effectiveness of integrating psychiatric concepts with
      primary health care.

PMID- 696934
TI  - Success or failure: psychotherapeutic considerations for women in conflict.
AB  - The authors describe conflicts experienced by women who request therapeutic
      intervention because of symptoms of depression, anxiety, marital discord,
      difficulty in asserting themselves, or inability to complete work that would lead
      to advancement. They discuss the developmentally based difficulties experienced
      by women in making career choices, advancing their careers, and facing midlife
      issues. The therapist who deals with such patients must be aware of reality-based
      factors and of his or her own values and attitudes as they influence choice of
      therapeutic approach.

PMID- 696935
TI  - Psychosocial aspects of a Tay-Sachs screening clinic.
AB  - The authors administered questionnaires to participants in a Tay-Sachs screening
      clinic. They received 322 responses. Although the majority of the respondents
      expressed anxiety about the possibility that they might be carriers, most
      indicated that this anxiety brought them to the clinic. The authors conclude that
      a well-publicized and well-organized screening clinic can function successfully
      and deal with the issue of anticipated loss without producing mass fear. An
      important factor in their clinic was the fact that they were able to offer an
      alternative to a Tay-Sachs child through amniocentesis.

PMID- 696936
TI  - Recidivism among sex assault victims.

PMID- 696937
TI  - Sodium nitroprusside treatment of ECT-induced blood pressure elevations.

PMID- 696938
TI  - Hysteria and ABO blood types.

PMID- 696939
TI  - Amitriptyline-induced obesity in anorexia nervosa: a case report.

PMID- 696940
TI  - Intrapatient responses to ECT and tricyclic antidepressants.

PMID- 696941
TI  - Other views on women in psychiatric residency.

PMID- 696942
TI  - Dealing with patients' suicides.

PMID- 696943
TI  - Anthropological cross-fertilization.

PMID- 696944
TI  - Treating tricyclic overdose with physostigmine.

PMID- 696945
TI  - On assessing the usefulness of the PANESS.

PMID- 696947
TI  - Psychopathology of the team concept.

PMID- 696946
TI  - Prescription drug-induced organic brain syndrome.

PMID- 696948
TI  - Usefulness of lithium for aggressiveness.

PMID- 696949
TI  - Roles and responsibilities of psychiatry.

PMID- 696950
TI  - Bureaucracy, thy name is mediocrity.

PMID- 696952
TI  - Impact of Nazi holocaust on children of survivors.
AB  - Case reports of children of Nazi holocaust survivors are sparse in psychiatric
      literature despite a relative abundance of material on the "survivor syndrome."
      The case presented here illustrates that the long-range effects of the holocaust
      include intrapsychic, familial, and cultureal pathogenic factors that may
      influence the psychologic development of the offspring of survivors.

PMID- 696951
TI  - Contextual analysis and treatment of phobic behavior as it changes.
AB  - Contextual therapy of phobias is based upon the observation, analysis and
      conceptualization of phobic behavior as it changes in its natural contexts.
      Detailed, tape-recorded studies of phobic behavior changing in context were used
      to develop concepts and treatment of the processes governing change. Contextual
      therapy has been applied to individual, group, and self-help treatment of
      phobias.

PMID- 696953
TI  - System C: an essay in human relatedness.
AB  - The system of dyadic human relationship, designated System C, is examined in
      terms of unique qualities and measures useful for both research and teaching in
      the area of dynamic psychiatric interviews. Implications are indicated in
      polyadic systems, and a new aspect of transference is noted. A sample of
      interview material is analyzed as illustration.

PMID- 696954
TI  - Hazards and horizons of psychotherapy supervision.
AB  - Individual supervision is a crucial element in the education of the psychiatric
      resident. Although the supervisory relationship is fully as complex as that
      between a patient and therapist, it is less frequently studied and far less well
      understood. After participating in a supervisory relationship for two years, the
      authors became aware of two important aspects of their relationship which were
      seriously interfering with the work of supervision. One was the fact of the dual
      role of the supervisor as teacher and evaluator. The second was the failure to
      deal openly with emotional issues between them. The authors' separate
      recollections of the experience are used to explicate the nature, opportunities
      and pitfalls of therapy supervision. Three levels of learning which occur in
      therapy supervision are examined. Particular attention is paid to the most
      neglected aspect of therapy supervision, namely ongoing examination of the
      emotional vicissitudes of the supervisory situation.

PMID- 696955
TI  - Coping--every man's war.
AB  - The concept of coping is firmly embedded in warlike connotations. This article
      explores three settings for coping behavior that illustrate long-term
      consequences of coping: the coping of survivors of Nazi concentration camps, the
      coping of an ancient city, and the coping shown by a modern nation state at war.
      Coping may have effects which are beneficial in the short run but ominous in the
      long run.

PMID- 696956
TI  - The sexual deviations and the Diagnostic Manual.
AB  - This paper presents an historical account and a critical analysis of the
      diagnostic problems surrounding our understanding of the sexual deviations and
      their position in our classification system. Appropriate therapy can only be
      based on accurate diagnosis. Exceptions of this principle of psychiatric care
      cannot be made for social/political reasons without incurring formidable
      difficulties both for the diagnostician and the patient as well.

PMID- 696957
TI  - Toward early detection of manic-depressive illness in psychoanalytic patients.
      I:Patients who later develop a manic illness.
AB  - Patients who eventually display clear signs of bipolar manic-depressive illness
      may initially be relatively asymptomatic and indistinguishable from classically
      analyzable cases. Several patients are presented whose subsequent manic
      decompensation was preceded by a combination of characterological traits
      (intensity, punning, insensitivity, etc.) whose presence should signal heightened
      vulnerability to bipolar illness. The family history was often positive for
      similar disorders.

PMID- 696958
TI  - Neutrality or negligence: interpret or act?
AB  - The uniqueness of the psychotherapeutic relationship requires the therapists to
      maintain a careful equilibrium between objectivity at the price of empathy and
      closeness at the expense of the necessary perspective. Crises in the course of
      long-term psychotherapy brings about a sudden, unexpected loss of such
      equilibrium. Uithout sufficient understanding of the crisis within the context of
      the therapeutic strategy and goals, the therapist might easily over- or
      underreact, to the detriment of the treatment. In this paper we suggest careful
      scrutiny and guidelines for dealing with those situations.

PMID- 696959
TI  - Telecommunications in psychiatry.
AB  - Because technological innovations will enable geographic proximity to be replaced
      eventually by electronic proximity, telecommunication systems could play a
      substantial role in psychiatry's future. As a result, the uses, advantages, and
      limitations of interactive television and videotelephones for psychiatric service
      and training are discussed.

PMID- 696960
TI  - Multi-sensory hallucinatory experiences: a diary account.
AB  - The immediate subjective world of the psychotic patient is presented in a
      striking personal account of a paranoid woman. The diary reveals hallucinatory
      processes that span auditory, visual tactile, and olfactory sensory modalities as
      well as the tremendous intensity of emotional turmoil that accompanies a
      psychotic breakdown.

PMID- 696961
TI  - [Trends in the prevention of hospital infections in obstetrics and gynecology].

PMID- 696962
TI  - [Clinical use of the obstetical monitor. IV. A functional test without loading
      for determining fetal status ("non-stress test")].

PMID- 696963
TI  - [Determination of the sensitivity of the Smith oxytocin-sensitive test by
      monitoring follow-up in cases of prolonged pregnancy with and without the use of
      medication].

PMID- 696964
TI  - [Determination of insulin antibodies in mothers and newborn infants].

PMID- 696965
TI  - [Lipid test, a test for placental insufficiency (a preliminary report)].

PMID- 696966
TI  - [Dynamics of the malformation process in Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser
      syndrome].

PMID- 696967
TI  - [Method of performing culdoscopy under x-ray control].

PMID- 696968
TI  - [Virological studies of the genesis of vulvar diseases related to trophic and
      tissue differentiation disorders (a preliminary report)].

PMID- 696969
TI  - [Accelerated changes in the indices of the physical development of newborn
      infants in the city of Plovdiv over the period of 1944/1945-1975/1976].

PMID- 696970
TI  - [Case of cervical pregnancy].

PMID- 696971
TI  - A treatment program for rape victims.

PMID- 696972
TI  - The physician and optimum body weight for junior high and high school wrestlers.

PMID- 696973
TI  - [Aging, the society and the family].

PMID- 696974
TI  - [Chronic nonspecific ulcerative colitis treated with tetramisole].

PMID- 696975
TI  - [Endotoxemia and the Sanarelli-Shwartzman reaction (report of a case)].

PMID- 696976
TI  - [Distribution of reagins in a non-selected population of the metropolitan are of
      Monterrey].

PMID- 696977
TI  - [Systemic lupus erythematosus (S.L.E.) (report of 2 clinical cases)].

PMID- 696978
TI  - [Immunological reaction to penicillin. Frequency and importance].

PMID- 696979
TI  - [Urticaria. Clinical aspects of interest. bases for its diagnosis and treatment].

PMID- 696980
TI  - [Asthma induced by exercise].

PMID- 696982
TI  - [Haemodynamic effects of acute intra-operative haemodilution in open heart
      surgery (author's transl)].
AB  - Haemodynamic measurements were made in 80 patients who underwent acute
      haemodilution (up to 40 ml/kg blood withdrawal) before cardiopulmonary bypass.
      Measurements of cardiac output, pulmonary arterial pressures including wedge
      pressure were made. Cardiac index, stroke volume and total peripheral resistance
      were calculated. Oxygen studies included: arterial and central venous partial
      pressures and saturations. Haemoglobin content, haematocrit and blood gas
      determinations were made during haemodilution and bypass. There was a direct
      relationship between haemodilution and stroke volume (stroke volume increase of
      8,5% with 9,4 ml/kg and 25% increase with 40 ml/kg blood withdrawal). No change
      was found in mean pulmonary artery or wedge pressures. Central venous oxygen
      saturation remained constant during haemodilution which indicates that oxygen
      supply was adequate. Haemodilution should be avoided in patients with less than
      35% haematocrit, with more than two vessel coronary artery disease and Class IV
      N.Y.H.A. because of the risk of possible impaired cardiac output compensation.
      During bypass, a haematocrit of 20% and 6 g% provides greater perfusion and
      optimal microcirculation. The problems of large volume homologous blood
      transfusion, hepatitis risk and loss of clotting factors can be lessened with
      haemodilution.

PMID- 696983
TI  - Bronchoscopy with normoventilation. Automatic ventilation with Sanders technique.
      A clinical investigation.
AB  - Forty six patients, who had to be subjected to diagnostic bronchoscopy under
      general anaesthesia (thiopental, pethidine, O2-N2O, suxamethonium) were
      ventilated using Wolf's injectomat (automated Sanders principle) in an attempt to
      find a setting for the apparatus that would provide normoventilation of the
      patient, independently of the diagnostic procedure. The first 24 patients were
      ventilated with the apparatus having a fixed setting: the latter being presumed
      to provide normo- or hyperventilation. This was confirmed and a steady state of
      PaCO2 was reached after ventilation for 10 min. This PaCO2 was well correlated
      with the vital capacity of the patients expressed factorially, in relation to the
      expected normal value. The investigation renders probable the observation that
      patients with a greatly reduced vital capacity (less than 50% of the normal
      value) can rarely be ventilated with the apparatus. On the other hand, a reduced
      FEV1 has little influence on the efficiency of the apparatus. The apparatus was
      adjusted in agreement with the above mentioned relation to vital capacity for the
      following 21 patients, in as much as the change in ventilation was carried out by
      a change in frequency, while the driving pressure of the apparatus and the
      inspiration time were maintained unchanged. Normoventilation was obtained in
      these patients independently of the fact that the bronchoscope was constantly
      open for the insertion of instruments.

PMID- 696981
TI  - [Diazepam (valium). Changes in haemodynamics, myocardial oxygen consumption and
      vascular tone (author's transl)].
AB  - In 30 patients with congenital or acquired heart disease the haemodynamic effects
      of diazepam (Valium) 0.3 mg/kg were investigated during surgical procedures under
      neuroleptanalgesia. The following parameters were measured or calculated: Heart
      rate (HR), arterial pressure (-Part, Psyst, Pdiast), pulmonary artery pressure (
      PAP), right (-PRA) and left atrial pressure (-PLA), left ventricular pressure
      (PLV), left ventricular enddiastolic pressure (PLVED), left ventricular peak
      dp/dt (dp/dtmax), cardiac output (CO), cardiac index (CI), stroke volume (SV),
      stroke index (SI), total systemic resistance (TSR), total pulmonary resistance
      (TPR), work index of the right (RVWI) and left ventricle (LVWI). In comparison
      with a control group (n = 36) diazepam caused a decrease in arterial pressure
      cardiac index, stroke index, right and left atrial pressure and dp/dtmax. This,
      however, was mainly attributable to vasodilatation and not to a negative
      inotropic effect, which is of only minor importance with diazepam. These
      haemodynamic changes resulted in a reduction in myocardial oxygen consumption.
      Diazepam is a valuable drug in neuroleptanalgesia, when an increase in blood
      pressure can not be controlled by fentanyl or droperidol.

PMID- 696984
TI  - [Continuous mass-spectrometric measurement of CO2 while using a modified Mapleson
      D-(Bain-)system (author's transl)].
AB  - In 21 patients undergoing abdominal surgery a modified Mapleson D-(Bain-)system
      was used under controlled ventilation. An average endexpiratory CO2 of 40 mm Hg
      was measured at a flow of 70 ml/kg kontinuierlich registrierten
      endexspiratoritimes these values were stable. In some patients without evident
      metabolic disturbances we found the CO2 values at borderline or even pathologic.
      So an increased flow rate of 100 ml/kg is recommended.

PMID- 696985
TI  - [The harmful effects of beta2-sympathomimetic drugs as uterine relaxants on
      caesarean section (author's transl)].
AB  - Beta2-sympathomimetics are the most powerful inhibitors of uterine contraction
      used in order to prevent threatening fetal asphyxia. These drugs, however, can
      cause harmful interactions with anaesthetics during caesarean section. Our
      patient-material consists of parturients, who were given a beta2-sympathomimetic,
      ritodrine, immediately before caesarean section performed under combined general
      anaesthesia. These patients showed significantly more marked tachycardia,
      hypotonia and abundant haemorrhage during operation as a consequence of poor
      uterine contractility than did the control group. Rapid variations in the
      circulation of the mother may also be disadvantageous to the wellfare of the
      fetus. These side-effects can best be minimized by omitting atropine
      premedication and by expanding the blood volume of the mother before caesarean
      section with adequate infusion of Ringer-type.

PMID- 696986
TI  - [Nitrous oxide in the working environment of anaesthetic personnel. A gas
      chromatographic analysis (author's transl)].
AB  - Nitrous oxide as well as halothane is hazardous for organ dysfunction in
      chronically exposed man. It is necessary for each anaesthetist, in cooperation
      with the hospital authorities, to take care to eliminate overflow not only of
      halothane but also of nitrous oxide from anaesthetia locations. Using gas
      chromatography, we studied the concentration of nitrous oxide during routine
      daily work in the environment of anaesthetic personnel. With our method of
      discharging anaesthetic gases, we were able to reduce the concentration of
      nitrous oxide.

PMID- 696987
TI  - [Remarks on the publication by R.J. Bieber: crux medicorum: ondine's curse
      (anaesthesist 26, 628--630 (1977)) (author's transl)].

PMID- 696988
TI  - [Mini-photometer and mini-centrifuge for determination of Hb and Hk (author's
      transl)].
AB  - A Mini-Photometer and a Mini-Centrifuge for determination of Hb and Hk are
      described. These devices are simple to use, compact in size and sufficiently
      accurate for clinical use in a variety of circumstances.

PMID- 696989
TI  - Computerized optimization of radioimmunoassays for hCG and estradiol: an
      experimental evaluation.

PMID- 696990
TI  - An externally adjustable motor-driven Rayleigh slit assembly for the analytical
      ultracentrifuge.

PMID- 696991
TI  - Sensitive fluorescence assays for urokinase using synthetic peptide 4-methoxy
      beta-naphthylamide substrates.

PMID- 696992
TI  - Combustion and nonaqueous titration determination of carbon in plant tissues.

PMID- 696993
TI  - Characterization of mixtures of dipeptides by gas chromatography/mass
      spectrometry.

PMID- 696994
TI  - Polyacrylamide gel interference of the Lowry method for protein determination.

PMID- 696995
TI  - A new technique for the isolation and fluorometric determination of polyadenosine
      diphosphate ribose in vivo.

PMID- 696996
TI  - A convenient and sensitive fluorescence assay for phospholipid vesicles using
      diphenylhexatriene.

PMID- 696997
TI  - Isoelectric focusing and electrophoresis at subzero temperatures.

PMID- 696998
TI  - New devices for flow dialysis and ultrafiltration for the study of protein-
      ligand interactions.

PMID- 696999
TI  - A procedure for examining the formation of radioactive 1-methyladenine by
      starfish ovarian tissue.

PMID- 697000
TI  - Automated Lowry method for microdetermination of protein in samples and effluents
      containing nonionic detergents.

PMID- 697001
TI  - Electrophoresis of membrane proteins in concentrated formic acid solutions.

PMID- 697002
TI  - Colorimetric estimation of ethanolamine with p-benzoquinone in the nanomole
      range.

PMID- 697003
TI  - A new method of determination of transketolase activity by asymmetric synthesis
      reaction.

PMID- 697004
TI  - Acetylation analysis of saccharides. 2. Microanalysis of neutral
      glycosphingolipids by means of acetylation with radioactive acetic anhydride.

PMID- 697005
TI  - Reaction of histidine residues in proteins with diethylpyrocarbonate:
      differential molar absorptivities and reactivities.

PMID- 697006
TI  - The use of fluorogenic substrates to locate rapidly enzyme activity in
      chromatographic fractions.

PMID- 697007
TI  - Cleansing ninhydrin reaction coils in automatic amino acid analyzers.

PMID- 697008
TI  - Multiple fraction collection using a peristaltic pump and a fraction collector
      modified for multiple channel operation.

PMID- 697009
TI  - Interference of zwitterionic biological buffers with the Lowry method of protein
      determination.

PMID- 697010
TI  - Identification of dansyl dipeptides in the Dansyl--Edman peptide degradation.

PMID- 697011
TI  - Discrimination between steady-state enzyme kinetic functions: an improved flow
      assay device using Fourier deconvolution.

PMID- 697012
TI  - Application of sheep kidney nuclease to nucleic acid research: enzymatic
      preparation of deoxy dinucleotides.

PMID- 697013
TI  - Binding constants determined by conductivity titration: application to ligand
      nucleases interaction studies.

PMID- 697014
TI  - Methodologies for the determination of adenosine phosphates.

PMID- 697015
TI  - A preparative and analytical microscale procedure for nonhistone chromosomal
      proteins.

PMID- 697016
TI  - A rapid technique to separate DNA polymerase-alpha and -beta activity from a
      cytosol extract.

PMID- 697017
TI  - Microelectrophoretic method for the detection of proteinase inhibitors.

PMID- 697018
TI  - trans-Cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase of Phaseolus mungo. A new assay method.

PMID- 697019
TI  - A microassay for the determination of monoamine oxidase activity using electron
      capture gas chromatography.

PMID- 697020
TI  - Simultaneous assay for mRNA (guanine-7-)-methyltransferase and mRNA(2'-O
      nucleoside)methyltransferase of purified vaccinia (WR) virions.

PMID- 697021
TI  - Ribonucleic acid and protein content of eukaryotic ribosomes isolated from
      Artemia salina.

PMID- 697022
TI  - Design of a generalized n-solute mixing-chamber gradient generator.

PMID- 697023
TI  - A routine method for the determination of aluminium in human tissue samples using
      standard addition and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

PMID- 697024
TI  - Determination of uric acid in biological fluids by high-pressure liquid
      chromatography.

PMID- 697025
TI  - Separation of histones from contaminating ribosomal proteins by two-dimensional
      gel electrophoresis.

PMID- 697026
TI  - A nonisotopic assay for acetylserotonin methyltransferase.

PMID- 697027
TI  - Preparation and characterization of biologically active iodo- and [3H]secretin.

PMID- 697028
TI  - A ninhydrin-orthophthalaldehyde reagent for the determination of Ntau
      methylhistidine.

PMID- 697029
TI  - A rapid and reproducible assay for quantitative estimation of proteins using
      bromophenol blue.

PMID- 697030
TI  - Method for detection of 2-azahypoxanthine in human and rat urine.

PMID- 697031
TI  - A standard high-yield purification of L-(+)-lactate: cytochrome c oxidoreductase
      (cytochrome b2) from the yeast Hansenula anomala.

PMID- 697032
TI  - Separation of citrate, malate, aspartate, and glutamate in crude extracts by one
      dimensional ion exchange thin-layer chromatography.

PMID- 697033
TI  - Comparison of the extraction of RNA from rat liver by the diethyl pyrocarbonate
      sodium dodecyl sulfate and phenol-chloroform methods.

PMID- 697034
TI  - N-methyl-2-anilino-6-naphthalenesulfonyl hydrazine (2,6-mansyl hydrazine). A new
      sensitive fluorometric reagent for carbonyl compounds.

PMID- 697035
TI  - An improved method for determining breath H2 as an indicator of carbohydrate
      malabsorption.

PMID- 697036
TI  - A borate column for the separation of ribo and deoxyribonucleosides.

PMID- 697037
TI  - Quantitative determination of prostaglandins E1 and F1alpha by multiple ion
      analysis.

PMID- 697038
TI  - Additional data supporting sex differences in human urinary steroid metabolic
      profiles.

PMID- 697039
TI  - A one-step biuret assay for protein in the presence of detergent.

PMID- 697040
TI  - In search of the cause of legionnaires' disease.

PMID- 697041
TI  - [Analysis on x-ray-sensitivity of rabbit embryos (author's transl)].
AB  - The sensitivity of Day-4-blastocysts to total x-ray irradiation at a dosage of
      130r is studied at developmental stages 10, 11, 12 and 17 days p. c., after the
      treated blastocysts could develop in synchronized foster mothers. The effects by
      130r are compared to normal controls and other dosages of 90r and 250 r. A
      maximum of developmental failure is recorded particularly in 130 r --irradiated
      embryos. The following reasons are considered to being causally involved: 1.
      Reduced mitotic activity between Days 5 and 7. 2. Reduced growth of the embryonic
      disk at Days 6 and 7, such inhibiting differentiation and further formation of
      the embryo. 3. Increasing imbalances in the essential synchronisation demands of
      the embryonic and maternal systems. 4. Developmental retardation accompanied by a
      failure in the dissolution of the blastocyst coverings, by this resulting in a
      considerable number of degenerating blastocysts at Day 8 p.c. 5. Increased
      imbalances in the ratio of the differentiation and growth, specific for each
      embryonic stage. Growth of the embryo, in general, occurs more slowly than the
      process of differentiation. 6. Failure of adaptation to the chorionic-allantoic
      placenta supply at Day 11. This investigation may be considered as a basis for
      further causal relationship studies to find out the reason for the more
      pronounced sensitivity to 130 r than to 250 r of Day 4 rabbit blastocysts.

PMID- 697042
TI  - [The emissaries of the human skull (author's transl)].
AB  - The range of hemodynamic conductivity of the venous outlets of the skull, called
      emissary veins, and factors influencing them have been explored in 888 closed and
      210 opened human skulls: Exept the condylar canal and the mastoid emissary vein
      only emissary veins joined to cranial nerves are of importance. The straighter
      the connection to the heart the wider the related emisary vein tends to be, which
      explains the predominance of the right emissary veins in the occipital cranial
      fossa. The right and the left jugular vein as well as the jugular and the mastoid
      emissary vein compensate each other. The influence of constitutional factors is
      shown by the sex difference in the conductivity of the jugular veins
      corresponding to the sex difference of the mean cerebral weight.

PMID- 697043
TI  - The origin and initial development of the pecten oculi.
AB  - The development of the pecten oculi was studied in the chick (Gallus gallus). The
      initial development commenced on the 9th day of incubation. The pigment cells in
      the pecten were derived from the pigment epithelium of the retina and the
      connective tissue and blood vessels were continuous with those of the choroid.

PMID- 697044
TI  - The architecture of the lower esophageal sphincter of the opossum.

PMID- 697045
TI  - Anomalous blood supply to the upper abdominal organs secondary to atresia of the
      celiac trunk.

PMID- 697046
TI  - Morphology of certain sensory and motor endings in muscle spindles of the
      rabbit's diaphragm.
AB  - The morphological features of certain sensory and motor nerve endings in muscle
      spindles in the rabbit's diaphragm were examined using a variety of techniques
      employed in light microscopy. The nuclear accumulation in the equatorial region
      of the spindle is encased in a dense capsule penetrated by both sensory and motor
      fibers. The sensory fibers from a profuse internuclear network terminating in
      round and triangular buttons in direct contact with the sarcoplasmic membrane of
      the muscle fiber. Motor end plates trail and plate endings are distributed
      throughout the spindle save the equatorial region. Muscle spindle motor end
      plates typify those observed on extrafusal muscle fibers. The trail and plate
      endings are readily identified since the plate axons are short in length giving
      rise to claw and bulb type terminal. The terminals are directly applied to the
      muscle fiber. The elongated axon of the trail fiber terminates in either thin
      tapers or in brush-like constructions.

PMID- 697047
TI  - [A rare variety concerning the nerves and arteries of the axilla (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The author describes a case, where the N. pectoralis medialis twists its way
      round two arteries which originate at about the same level from the A. axillaris,
      one being an A. brachialis superficia lis superior, the other running to the
      lateral side of the chest. The said nerf forms a loop with the N. pectoralis
      lateralis. An embryological explanation of this variety is suggested.

PMID- 697048
TI  - The fine structure of ependyma in the hypothalamus of the hamster (Cricetus
      cricetus).
AB  - The ciliated ependyma of the hypothalamus of the hanster (Cricetus cricetus)
      consists of a sheet of cells, the luminal surface of which is reflected over
      cilia and numerous microvilli. The lateral portions of the plasmalemma of
      contiguous cells are fused at some sites to from junctions of five layers, the
      zonula occludens. These fusions occur usually in continuity with other
      intercellular junctions, the zonula adhaerens. In the apical regions of the
      ependyma these fusions are almost spiralled. The nucleus is regularly oval and
      lying close to the basal plasmalemma. The cytoplasm contains a finely granular
      matrix, filamentous components close to the junctions. The endoplasmic reticulum
      is sparse. The Golgicomplex is confined to the supranuclear cytoplasm, and
      mitochondria, are more numerous in the apical than in the basal regions of
      ependymal cells; the mitochondria are generally rounded and have transverse
      cristae and granules. The apical regions of the cytoplasm contain the basal
      bodies of cilia; they form non-striated rootlets and the rootlet filaments tend
      to diverge, ending in a granular zone.

PMID- 697049
TI  - [The lymphatic vessels of the stomach during phylogenesis and ontogenesis
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The stomach lymphatic channel of all classes of vertebrata representatives
      beginning from cartilagnous fish, was discovered. The lymphatic channel of
      cartilaginous and bony fish is presented only with lymphatic capillaries. The
      lymph is removed along peri- and paravascular lymphatic capillaries. The channel
      of the stomach of amphibians and reptiles is differentiated in lymphatic
      capillaries and lymphatic small trunks, while in birds and mammalia it is
      differentiated in lymphatie capillaries and lymphatic vessels. In human beings,
      macacus, dogs and cats the removing lymph pathways of the stomach wall in
      ontogeny undergo the following stages: 1) a lymphatic capillary, 2) a "wide"
      lymphatic capillary and 3) a lymphatic vessel. These stages are considered to be
      recapitulation of the developing process of the removing lymph pathways in
      vertebrate phylogenesis. The stomach lymphatic channel in vertebrate species
      examined is lined with a continous layer of endothelium cells.

PMID- 697050
TI  - Area distribution of gastric arteries in dog's stomach.
AB  - All the 5 gastric arteries supplied both the surfaces of the stomachs except in
      one case, where short gastric arteries were absent on the ventral surface. The
      commonest pattern in the size of area distribution by different gastric arteries
      was seen in 31 cases (69%). Increase in the area of distribution by an artery was
      at the cost area of distribution by other arteries.

PMID- 697051
TI  - [Histological findings at the aorta ascendens after measurement of blood flow
      with ultrasonic doppler technique in chronic experiments with rabbits (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Following implantation of an ultrasonic transducer in the aortic wall of the
      rabbit, media destructions and pressure necrosis were ascertained when the
      transducer was fitted closley around the vessel. When the transducer however was
      fitted widley around the vessel few departures from the normal structure were
      registered. After ultrasound stress 0.2--0.5 Watt/cm2 5 Min. per die with a mean
      exposition at 86.6 days, necrosis of the media and proliferations of the intima
      were noted in the area of the ultrasound application. When the transducer were
      not protected this resulted in sharp incisures of the vessels giving undeniable
      proof of ultrasound damages in spite of the low efficiency. Alltogether the
      histological findings show, that provided correct methodology vasal measurement
      of blood is possible in chronic experiments.

PMID- 697052
TI  - The development of melanoblasts from leg bud mesenchyme grown in the celom of
      chick embryos.
AB  - Presence of extra-epidermal melanoblasts in the messenchyme of leg bud have been
      acertained. Small pieces of 0.2 mm3 of isolated mesoderm of outer and inner core,
      from leg bud of 5 day Silver Campine, grafted into celom of 3 day White Leghorn
      gave positive results. The viability and migratory capacity of these cells have
      been practically examined. The migration of pigment cells into the hind limb
      musculature; differentiation of melanoblasts in different tissue environments and
      the behaviour of grafted melanoblasts in the host body is discussed.

PMID- 697053
TI  - SEM of the proximal tubule of the adult rabbit kidney.

PMID- 697054
TI  - Morphological and functional differentiation of the surface epithelium of the
      bursa Fabricii in chicken.
AB  - Morphological and functional differentiation of the mucosal surface epithelium of
      the bursa Fabricii was studied in White Leghorn chicken fetuses and newly hatched
      chickens. First signs of differentiation towards two types of epithelial cells
      appeared on the thirteenth day of incubation: The apical cells of the epithelial
      buds projected towards the lumen, and an increase in the number of Golgi regions
      was observed in the epithelial cells between the buds. On day 15 the follicle
      associated epithelium contained small apically situated vacuoles, and large mucin
      granules appeared in the interfollicular surface epithelium. Towards the day of
      hatching both epithelial cell types were arranged to a monolayered or
      pseudostratified cylindrical epithelium. The follicle-associated epithelium had
      invaginations and small vacuoles in the apical cytoplasm, whereas the
      interfollicular surface epithelium had numerous microvilli on its apical surface
      and large mucin granules in the apical cytoplasm. In functional studies,
      endocytosis of colloidal carbon was demonstrated in four out of ten 19-day
      fetuses and in all chickens studied immediately after hatching.

PMID- 697055
TI  - Pelvic and perineal anatomy of the male gorilla: selected observations.
AB  - The anatomy of parts of the pelvic outlet and perineum is described in an adult
      male gorilla. Two previously undescribed muscles are presented: (1) The
      puborectalis muscle, completely separated from the levator ani, arises from the
      region of the symphysis and forms a sling for the rectum while it also
      substitutes for the perineal membrane. (2) The puboampullaris muscle, a paired
      smooth muscle, arises from the pubis and inserts into the rectum to elevate the
      rectum while additionally providing support for the urogenital viscera. The
      levator ani muscle is recounted to point out its lack of attachment to the pelvic
      viscera while allowing a hiatus in which the rectum is exposed within the
      perineum. The sphincter urethrae muscle is presented emphasizing its true
      sphincteric characteristics, its absence of lateral attachments and its
      similarity to man. Other muscles of the pelvis and perineum as well as urogenital
      viscera are described or modified where necessary. The manner in which these
      structures enter into the support of the pelvic viscera is considered.

PMID- 697056
TI  - Development of the embryonic chick otic placode. I. Light microscopic analysis.

PMID- 697057
TI  - Development of the embryonic chick otic placode. II. Electron microscopic
      analysis.

PMID- 697058
TI  - Circadian variation in cell division of the mouse alimentary tract, bone marrow
      and corneal epithelium.
AB  - Circadian rhythms in DNA synthesis are described for the tongue epithelium, five
      different regions of the alimentary canal (gut)--esophagus, stomach, duodenum,
      jejunum and rectum--and bone marrow in a group of BDF1 male mice. A circadian
      rhythm is also described for the mitotic index in the corneal epithelium in the
      same mice. The data document for the first time in the same animals the dramatic
      variation in cell division encountered from one region of the gut to another.
      This variation is seen in the amplitudes of the rhythms as well as in the over
      all 24-hour means. On the contrary, the phasings of the rhythms in the different
      regions of the gut are remarkably similar. In this study, where the mice were
      standardized to 12 hours of light (0600-1800) alternating with 12 hours of
      darkness, the peak of the DNA-synthesis rhythm occurred around the time of
      transition from dark to light, and the trough around the time of transition from
      light to dark. The implications of these findings, and those of others, to the
      study of cell kinetics and to cancer chemotherapy are discussed.

PMID- 697059
TI  - The Merkel cell in the labial ridge epidermis of anuran tadpole. I. Fine
      structure, distribution and cytochemical studies.

PMID- 697060
TI  - Regional differentiation of cell junctions in the excurrent duct epithelium of
      the rat testis as revealed by freeze-fracture.

PMID- 697061
TI  - [Emergency surgical indications for pheochromocytomas].

PMID- 697062
TI  - [Pheochromocytoma and emergency resuscitation. Apropos of 2 cases of
      pheochromocytoma manifested by acute circulatory insufficiency and pulmonary
      edema and accompanied by hypoglycemia].

PMID- 697063
TI  - [Our current experience with anesthesia and intensive care in pheochromocytoma
      surgery (apropos of 6 cases)].

PMID- 697064
TI  - [Anesthesia and intensive care problems in adrenocortical surgery].

PMID- 697066
TI  - [Anesthesia and intensive care in surgery for congenital virilizing adrenal
      hyperplasia].

PMID- 697065
TI  - [Anesthesia-intensive care in surgery for Conn's syndrome].

PMID- 697068
TI  - [Surgical indications for pituitary adenomas].

PMID- 697067
TI  - [Anesthesia-intensive care in pituitary gland surgery. Hormonal preparation and
      preoperative water-electrolyte equilibration].

PMID- 697069
TI  - [Anesthetic technics and peroperative problems in pituitary gland surgery].

PMID- 697070
TI  - [Endocrine-metabolic surveillance following surgery of the hypothalamo
      hypophyseal system].

PMID- 697071
TI  - [Current aspects of anesthesia-intensive care in surgery of hyperparathyroidism].

PMID- 697072
TI  - [Considerations following an analysis of 240 records of parathyroid surgical
      intervention].

PMID- 697073
TI  - [Toxic forms of hypercalcemia caused by hyperparathyroidism].

PMID- 697074
TI  - [Anesthesia-intensive care treatment of acute parathyroid crisis (apropos of 10
      cases)].

PMID- 697076
TI  - Halothane and regulation of respiration.

PMID- 697075
TI  - The ASA classification of physical status--a recapitulation.

PMID- 697077
TI  - ASA physical status classifications: a study of consistency of ratings.
AB  - The American Society of Anesthesiologists' (ASA) Physical Status Classification
      was tested for consistency of use by a questionnaire sent to 304
      anesthesiologists. They were requested to classify ten hypothetical patients. Two
      hundred fifty-five (77.3 percent) responded to two mailings. The mean number of
      patients rated consistently was 5.9. Four patients elicited wide ranges of
      responses. Age, obesity, previous myocardial infarction, and anemia provoked
      controversy. There was no significant difference in responses from different
      regions of the country. Academic anesthesiologists rated a greater number
      identical than did those in private practice (P less than 0.01). There was no
      difference in ratings between those who used the classification for billing
      purposes and those who did not. The ASA Physical Status Classification is useful
      but suffers from a lack of scientific precision.

PMID- 697078
TI  - Ventilatory responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia during halothane sedation and
      anesthesia in man.
AB  - To elucidate the effects of halothane on chemical regulation of ventilation in
      man, the authors studied the ventilatory responses to isocapnic hypoxia and
      hyperoxic hypercapnia in 33 human subjects while fully conscious and during
      sedation or anesthesia with halothane, .1, 1.1, or 2 MAC. In each group, the
      ventilatory effect of intravenous administration of doxapram, .4 mg/kg, was also
      measured. Halothane, 1.1 and 2 MAC, totally abolished the hypoxic response and
      nearly abolished the response to doxapram, while leaving the response to CO2
      relatively brisk. Halothane, .1 MAC, decreased the responses to hypoxia and
      doxapram to less than a third of control, but did not alter the response to CO2.
      It is concluded that halothane selectivity impairs two ventilatory responses
      mediated by peripheral chemoreceptors in man.

PMID- 697079
TI  - Effects of ablation of serotonin or norepinephrine brain-stem areas on halothane
      and cyclopropane MACs in rats.

PMID- 697080
TI  - Halothane, tracheal compliance and upper-airway mechanoreceptors.
AB  - This study was designed to define the effects of halothane on the compliance of
      the trachea. An isolated in-situ tracheal preparation was studied in 14 mongrel
      dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital. Compliance of the closed tracheal segment
      was measured with continuous intraluminal pressure recordings during repeated
      injections of known volumes of air: Slow-adapting neural activity observed in
      paratracheal branches of the recurrent laryngeal nerve accurately reflected
      pressure in the tracheal segment. Halothane at 0.5--4.0 per cent concentrations
      caused a significant (P less than 0.001) average 10 per cent increase in the
      compliance of the trachea. Stimulation of the efferent vagus caused a significant
      (P less than 0.001) average 8 per cent decrease in compliance of the trachea.
      After exposure to halothane, vagal stimulation still caused a significant
      decrease in compliance of the trachea.

PMID- 697081
TI  - Metocurine in infants and children: neuromuscular and clinical effects.
AB  - A cumulative dose--response curve for metocurine based on body weight was
      determined in 30 infants and children during halothane (1.2 per cent inspired),
      nitrous oxide and oxygen (60/40 per cent) anesthesia. The mean and range of
      twitch depression and time for recovery from maximal neuromuscular blockade were
      not significantly different over an age range from newborn to 7 years. Metocurine
      is twice as potent as d-tubocurarine in children, and their requirement is more
      than that for adults. The rate of recovery from metocurine in children was the
      same as that from d-tubocurarine. In another 30 children, use of metocurine at a
      large dose (0.5 mg/kg) for endotracheal intubation caused no significant change
      in blood pressure or pulse rate. Cardial arrhythmias were not seen.

PMID- 697082
TI  - Epidural anesthesia with bupivacaine for Cesarean section: neonatal blood levels
      and neurobehavioral responses.
AB  - A recent study found no neurobehavioral change in infants whose mothers received
      bupivacaine epidural anesthesia (112 +/- 7 mg) for labor and vaginal delivery.
      The present study was undertaken to examine the possibility that the larger doses
      of bupivicaine necessary for cesarean section might cause neurobehavioral changes
      in the neonate. Ten infants delivered by cesarean section with bupivacaine
      epidural anesthesia (168 +/- 7 mg) was assessed by Scanlon's neonatal
      neurobehavioral examination. They were compared in a prospective randomized study
      with a control group of ten infants delivered with tetracaine spinal anesthesia.
      In the experimental group bupivacaine was detectable in umbilical arterial blood
      (.17 +/- .07 microgram/ml), umbilical venous blood (.21 +/- .09 microgram/ml),
      and neonatal blood samples at 4 hours of age (.04 +/- .04 microgram/ml). By 24
      hours of age bupivacaine was no longer detectable in newborn blood samples.
      Infants in the experimental group were indistinguishable from control infants in
      terms of their motor organization, responsiveness to external stimuli, and
      habituation to repetitive stimuli. Detectable neurobehavioral effects were absent
      despite the fact that 1.5 times the dose of bupivacaine used for labor and
      vaginal delivery was employed in this study.

PMID- 697084
TI  - How up-to-date are current anesthesia and related textbooks?

PMID- 697083
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of etomidate, a new intravenous anesthetic.
AB  - Etomidate sulfate, 0.3 mg/kg, was administered intravenously to eight patients
      and venous blood samples were drawn at intervals for the subsequent 10 hours.
      Plasma etomidate was determined by mass fragmentography. Plasma concentrations
      were fitted to a triexponential equation consistent with a three-compartment open
      pharmacokinetic model. Mean (+/-SD) variables were: initial t1/2, 2.6 +/- 1.3
      min; intermediate t1/2, 28.7 +/- 14.0 min; apparent elimination t1/2, 4.6 +/- 2.6
      hours; volume of the central compartment, 23.2 +/- 11.41; total apparent volume
      of distribution, 4.5 +/- 2.21/kg; fraction of drug in the central compartment, 7
      per cent; total plasma clearance, 860 +/- 230 ml/min. Total blood clearance was
      estimated to be 754 ml/min and hepatic clearance, 739 ml/min. The large apparent
      volume of distribution indicates considerable tissue uptake. The hepatic
      clearance, being about 50 per cent of hepatic blood flow, indicates that changes
      in hepatic blood flow or hepatic metabolism will have only moderate effects on
      etomidate disposition.

PMID- 697085
TI  - The concentration effect can be mimicked by a decrease in blood solubility.

PMID- 697086
TI  - Catheter embolization due to faulty bonding of catheter shaft to hub.

PMID- 697087
TI  - Blood warmers as a source of solution-conducted leakage currents.

PMID- 697088
TI  - A new benzimidazole antiemetic, domperidone, for the treatment of postoperative
      nausea and vomiting.

PMID- 697089
TI  - Epidural blood patch for the treatment of chronic post-lumbar-puncture cephalgia.

PMID- 697090
TI  - The anesthetic management of congenital lobar emphysema.

PMID- 697091
TI  - Implications of masseter spasm after succinylcholine.

PMID- 697093
TI  - Vaporizer leak.

PMID- 697092
TI  - Axillary-sheath distension, a useful sign in performing axillary block.

PMID- 697094
TI  - [Hemodynamic changes in the greater and lesser circulation during general,
      inhalation anesthesia].

PMID- 697096
TI  - [Effect of barbiturates on the chief, quantitative circulatory characteristics].

PMID- 697095
TI  - [Comparative characteristics of the hemodynamic effects of halogen-containing
      anesthetics on the central hemodynamics].

PMID- 697097
TI  - [Regional circulation during methoxyflurane general anesthesia in children
      undergoing maxillofacial operations].

PMID- 697098
TI  - [Characteristics of the anesthesiological support of patients at the height of
      pulmonary edema in emergency heart surgery operations].

PMID- 697099
TI  - [Characteristics of anesthesia in emergency surgical interventions in the
      obstetrical clinic].

PMID- 697100
TI  - [Central and peripheral hemodynamic indices as criteria of the adequacy of the
      analgetic component of general electroanesthesia].

PMID- 697101
TI  - [Role of the intrapulmonary shunting process in the pathogenesis of gas metabolic
      disorders during anesthesia in operations on the lungs].

PMID- 697102
TI  - [Factors affecting the effectiveness of anesthesia induced by
      electroacupuncture].

PMID- 697103
TI  - [New data on the effect of general anesthesia on the late results of treating
      malignant tumors].

PMID- 697104
TI  - [Peritoneal dialysis as an auxiliary method in the complex of intensive therapy
      of acute renal insufficiency].

PMID- 697105
TI  - [Use of the Ujouipidin test for the diagnosis of toxic hepatopathy].

PMID- 697106
TI  - [Hyperbaric oxygenation in cardiovascular surgery].

PMID- 697107
TI  - [Treatment of acute forms of ischemic heart disease using hyperbaric
      oxygenation].

PMID- 697108
TI  - [Differential diagnosis and the pathogenesis of true cardiogenic shock in acute
      myocardial infarct].

PMID- 697109
TI  - [Clinical characteristics of cardiogenic shock in heart rupture in myocardial
      infarct patients].

PMID- 697110
TI  - [Systemic hemodynamic disorders in traumatic shock and the basic principles of
      their correction].

PMID- 697111
TI  - [Intensive therapy and resuscitation in the status asthmaticus].

PMID- 697112
TI  - [Use of computation methods for determining blood osmolarity].

PMID- 697113
TI  - [Hyperosmolar coma, its diagnosis and the principles of therapy].

PMID- 697114
TI  - Ultrastructure of intestinal cells of Heterakis gallinarum.
AB  - Ultrastructure of intestinal cells of Heterakis gallinarum is described and
      compared with that of Ascaridia galli from ecomorphological point of view. The
      great analogy in bionomy and ecology of both worms is reflected in the great
      analogy of ultrastructural construction. A new organoid in the intestinal cells
      of H. gallinarum, hitherto unknown among nematodes, is also described. It is of a
      vacuole-like shape running in stripes close under the terminal bar. The paper is
      also meant to be a supplement to the authors' previous paper (1975) dealing with
      ultrastructure of muscle cells of Heterakis gallinarum.

PMID- 697115
TI  - Helminths of the ploceid Textor cucullatus from Ghana.
AB  - Two nematode species (Geopetitia sp. and Diplotriaena ozouxi) and an
      acanthocephalan (Mediorhynchus textori n. sp.) are described. The diplotriaenid
      has been recorded from a new host and also from a new locality. Because of
      homonymy of Geopetitia chaubaudi VUYLSTEKE, 1963 with Geopetitia chaubaudi
      RASHHED, 1960 a new name G. vuylstekei nom. nov. is proposed for the former
      species. Mediorhynchus textori is characterized by lesser number of rooted hooks
      arranged in spirals on theproboscis. The eggs of this species bear variable
      floats.

PMID- 697116
TI  - [Fly density determination in cow-sheds].
AB  - Considering the tropical conditions of the Republic of Cuba and the usually
      applied methods of measuring fly-density, a photographic method was developed and
      tested basing on the experience of the SCUDDER-fly-grill method. In this method
      the flies are photographically counted in defined areas of 0.25 m2 of extension,
      which are determined according to the concrete conditions in the animal
      production units. An index of the fly density (in flies per m2) is calculated.
      The exact comparison of different animal production units will be obtained by the
      selection of the defined areas for the photographic counting, always the equal
      times for measuring, and the consideration of the situation in the production
      cycle.

PMID- 697117
TI  - [Interrelations between environmental factors and skin].
AB  - The interrelations between environment-factors, especially microorganisms (fungi,
      bacteria and viruses) and human skin are discussed. Besides different local
      disturbances of the skin, the following ways of sensitisation are explained. It
      is pointed out that new drugs and/or substances must be tested before they can be
      used in human skin. The most frequent parasites and skin diseases caused by these
      and their epidemiological situations are mentioned.

PMID- 697118
TI  - [Effect of ecological factors on the incidence dynamics of coccidia species
      Eimeria phasiani and Eimeria colchici].

PMID- 697119
TI  - On cestodes of passer domesticus II. Anonchotaenia and Mathevotaenia.
AB  - This part includes the account of Anonchotaenia globata (LINSTOW, 1879) and its
      embryo, and of Mathevotaenia ornithis sp. nov.--Anonchotaenia globata is know to
      be a parasite of Passer domesticus in foreign countries. The writers record it
      for the first time in India in this bird. This species is also known from other
      birds, but not so far recorded even in other birds in India. VOGE and DAVIS
      (1953), METTRICK (1958) and MAHON (1958) previously studied this species. The
      present study contributes additional data to the morphology of this species.
      Variations in the number of testes, extent of cirrus sac, and position of genital
      pore have been recorded. A definite neck has been found. Calcareous corpuscles,
      occurrence of which is not on record in this species, have been found in the
      present material. Paruterine organ, to which previous workers paid scant
      attention, has been studied in detail. It is a complex three-layered structure.
      Eggs undergo development upto the formation of embryos while they are still in
      the uterus, and subsequently they all pass into the paruterine organ which is
      found teeming with embryonated eggs. Eggs are quite characteristic in shape. Two
      coverings are found around the embryos: the outer one, the shell capsule, is
      spindle-shaped and cornuted; the hexacanth enclosed in a membrane is housed in
      the dilated middle part of the shell capsule. Hexacanth is an elongated structure
      with a dilated middle part and not a uniform width. Hence the term "nematodiform"
      embryo used for it is rather inappropriate. Three pairs of hooks are present in
      the dilated middle part of the embryo. WOODLAND (1929) and METTRICK (1958) denied
      the existence of the hooks.--Mathevotaenia ornithis sp. nov. is the first species
      of the genus Mathevotaenia AKHUMIAN, 1946 that has been described from an avian
      host, other species are known from mammalian hosts. Amongst the mammalian
      species, the present form comes close to Mathevotaenia deserti (MILLEMANN, 1955)
      and M. hardoiensis JOHRI, 1961, but differs from either in several features. This
      species is chiefly characterized by the number and distribution of testes,
      bilobed ovary, genital ducts passing between the excretory canals, vitellarium V
      shaped, and cirrus sac extending aporally beyond the excretory canals. Besides,
      the bearing of the receptaculum seminis on the taxonomy of the genera
      Mathevotaenia AKHMUIAN, 1946 and Atriotaenia SANDGROUND, 1926 has been discussed,
      and an amendment in the generic delineation has been suggested for these genera.-
      Systematic position of Mathevotaenia antrozoi (VOGE, 1954) YAMAGUTI, 1959 has
      been discussed and the species has been assigned to Atriotaenia.

PMID- 697120
TI  - [Our experience with congenital angiodysplasia treated surgically].

PMID- 697121
TI  - [Various arterial and venous complications after using the Fogarty sound].

PMID- 697122
TI  - [Automatic determination of the median blood velocity with Doppler flow meter:
      pergonal modification].

PMID- 697123
TI  - [A singular complication of lumbar sympathectomy: acute iatrogenic ischemia of
      the contralateral extremity].

PMID- 697124
TI  - [Livedo reticularis. Necrosing livedo reticularis].

PMID- 697125
TI  - [Morphological aspects of occlusions of the basilar artery].
AB  - On the basis of 8 personal clinicopathological cases, the authors give a general
      review of the morphological appearances of occlusions of the basilar artery (265
      cases in the literature, including 164 with study of the associated cerebral
      lesions). The arterial lesions (nature, site and extent) are first considered,
      emphasising the extreme prevalence of atheromatous occlusion (74.58 p. 100). The
      consequences as far as the cerebral parenchyma are then studied: involvement of
      the pons, in isolation or associated with appearances of ischaemic necrosis in
      other regions (midbrain, cerebellum, diencephalon, cerebral hemispheres), is most
      important since it is found in 88.3 p. 100 of cases. Whilst correlations between
      vascular lesions and the consequences on the cerebral parenchyma are easy to
      establish, the same does not always apply to correlations between angiographic
      findings and anatomical examinations.

PMID- 697126
TI  - [Lesions of the myenterix plexuses in idiopathic chronic intestinal pseudo
      obstruction and in certain general diseases].
AB  - Recent observation of a case of idiopathic chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction
      and the relationship sometimes suggested in this context with certain systemic
      diseases, such as scleroderma, led the authors to compare the changes seen in the
      myenteric plexuses in these different groups of disorders. The intramural
      plexuses were studied using the technique of B. Smith, in thick frozen section
      parallel to the lumen and stained using Bielchowsky's method. Plexus innervation
      was normal in a case of digestive amyloidosis and a case of myxoedema. There were
      secondary changes in the plexuses in scleroderma. The lesions were very different
      in our case of idiopathic chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (marked decrease
      in the number of neurones with degenerative changes in the neurones and
      dendrites, marked schwannosis). A decrease in the number of neurones was seen in
      a case of severe diabetes. Various mechanisms are discussed. These cases
      emphasize the great value of B. Smith's technique in the fine study of the
      intramural plexus innervation of the digestive wall.

PMID- 697127
TI  - [Piebaldism: ultrastructural study and pathogenic interpretation].
AB  - A case of "piebaldism" is studied under the electron microscope. The authors
      observe a great diminuation of melanocytes in the achromatic zones, contrasting
      with a hyperplasia of the Langerhans Cells. There also exists a large number of
      hyalin bodies, both intra-epidermic and dermic. The first seem to be formed on
      contact with degenerative mastocytes and Langerhans Cells, and could represent a
      way of elimination of these cells. As in certain previous cases, they found many
      mastocytes in the epidermis.

PMID- 697128
TI  - [Epithelioma (lobular) developing in a fibroadenoma: study of a case report and
      review of the literature].
AB  - Carcinoma developing in a fibroadenoma correspond, according to current criteria,
      to neoplasms inclused in fibroadenomas. One personal case and 42 others from the
      literature fall within this definition. These neoplasms, small in size, are
      asymptomatic. The average age of the patients at the time of discovery of the
      lesion was 44 years. Two thirds of these carcinomas were lobular in type (29
      cases), the others being invasive (7 cases) or non-invasive (7 cases)
      galactophoric carcinomas. Lobular carcinomas in situ (25 cases) involved, at the
      same time, one or more fibroadenomas and the remaining breast tissue in 60% of
      surgical specimens (15 cases). Independent of the operative technique used (local
      excision, wide excision or radical mastectomy), the course of a lobular carcinoma
      in situ in a fibroadenoma is, in general, simple.

PMID- 697129
TI  - [Microestimation of haemoglobins A2 and F by measurement of their peroxydase
      activity (author's transl)].
AB  - A microtechnique of evaluation for the haemoglobins A2 and F is presented, in
      which the final measurement is made more sensitive by evaluation of peroxidatic
      activity. Haemoglobin A2 is previously separated by chromatography on a very
      small column of DEAE cellulose and haemoglobin F is obtained through a
      microtechnique of alkaline precipitation. The sensitivity of this evaluation is
      increased by a factor of 20.25 microliter of hemolyzate are enough for a
      determination. Results obtained are in accordance with those given by the
      classical methods.

PMID- 697130
TI  - [Micromethod adaptation of a manual kinetic technic of estimation of creatinine.
      Comparison with an automatic technic (author's transl)].

PMID- 697131
TI  - [Adaptation to the Centrifichem of the estimation of blood sugar according to
      Trinder's method. Kinetic study of the main drug interferences (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The method of estimation of glucose described by Trinder was adapted to analysis
      by centrifugation (Centrifichem). A kinetic study of drug interferences (ascorbic
      acid, gentisic acid, levodopa, alphamethyldopa) was carried out. The choice of
      parameters of the method was justified by an increased specificity of the
      reaction and by an extremely narrow correlation with the technics using
      hexokinase (r = 0.994) and glucose dehydrogenase (r = 0.996).

PMID- 697132
TI  - [Mental deficiency. Definition, epidemiology, etiology (author's transl)].
AB  - In this account, the author replaces this chapter within the field of pediatrics,
      showing the present importance of the problem. In spite of a definition which is
      sometimes imprecise, and epidemiological studies which are incomplete and
      difficult to draw up, the importance of this subject was obvious to those who
      drew up the 7th economic plan (1976--1980). Their estimation mentionned a total
      number of about 500,000 children, i.e. 4%. The main etiologies are discussed
      showing the part which is due to prenatal pathology and perinatal and postnatal
      pathology. Each chapter shows the role of biology and biochemistry in particular
      in the study of metabolic disorders of the nervous system. As far as genetic
      advice is concerned, it is not always easy as there still subsists a majority of
      cases of mental deficiency where the cause remains unknown. Research has an
      important role to play in the future if one wihes to cure or prevent mental
      deficiency.

PMID- 697133
TI  - Experimental transmission of malignant catarrhal fever in cattle: gross and
      histopathologic changes.
AB  - Bovine malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) was serially transmitted from a
      spontaneous case to 19 cattle through 12 passages during a 12-month period.
      Seventeen of 23 cattle (74%) injected with whole blood and 2 of 5 cattle (40%)
      injected with blood mononuclear cells developed clinical signs of MCF after a
      mean incubation period of 30.2 days. A previously unreported nonsuppurative
      polyarthritis is described. Large numbers of lymphoid cells were found in
      synovial fluid and in cerebrospinal fluid. Histopathologic changes of lymphoid
      infiltration and proliferation, necrosis of epithelial tissues, and
      nonsuppurative vasculitis were found in almost all organs of the body. The
      possibility that MCF may be a viral-induced, cell-mediated immunopathologic
      disease with pansystemic lymphoreactivity and necrosis is discussed.

PMID- 697135
TI  - Maturation of the visual evoked response in newborn miniature pigs.
AB  - As a prelude to neurobehavioral toxicologic studies in neonatal minipigs, normal
      maturational changes in the visual evoked response (VER) were determined in 6
      Hormel-bred minipigs. The VER were highly variable for the 1st several days of
      life, but were reasonably stable by the 2nd weeks. All adult waveform components
      were present at birth, and maturational changes primarily affected waveform
      latency and consistency. Only one waveform (Pi) was sufficiently distinct and
      consistent for statistical evaluation. At birth the latency to Pi was about 102
      ms. The latency of Pi rapidly decreased to about 56 ms during the next 25 days,
      and subsequent changes were minimal. Comparison with other species indicates many
      cross-species relationships of specific VER components, with the minipig VER
      having many maturational and topographic similarities to the human VER.

PMID- 697134
TI  - Evaluation of xylazine, guaifenesin, and ketamine hydrochloride for restraint in
      horses.
AB  - A combination of intramuscular xylazine plus intravenous guaifenesin and ketamine
      hydrochloride was evaluated as a method for chemical restraint and casting of the
      adult horse. This drug combination provided safe and rapid induction of the horse
      and uneventful recovery from lateral recumbency. Cardiopulmonary function
      remained within base-line values for the adult horse, although cardiac output,
      arterial blood pressure, and arterial partial pressure of oxygen were decreased
      from base-line values. Xylazine, guaifenesin, and ketamine hydrochloride provided
      safe induction to general anesthesia with the inhalation anesthetics halothane or
      enflurane. Respiratory rate was significantly lower and arterial carbon dioxide
      higher during maintenance anesthesia with enflurane than with halothane. Recovery
      from general anesthesia was more rapid after enflurane than after halothane
      anesthesia.

PMID- 697136
TI  - Enteropathogenicity testing of Treponema hyodysenteriae in ligated colonic loops
      of swine.
AB  - Multiple, ligated loops of swine colon were used as an in vivo model in which to
      test enteropathogenicity of isolates of Treponema hyodysenteriae. Gross and
      microscopic lesions observed in 21 of 22 colonic loops in pigs killed 48 to 72
      hours after inoculation with isolates known to be enteropathogenic were
      characteristic of swine dysentery. These lesions were not observed in 12 loops
      exposed to uninoculated media or in 12 loops inoculated with nonpathogenic
      isolates of T hyodysenteriae. The swine-loop technique provides a relatively
      rapid, economical, reliable model in which to test enteropathogenicity of T
      hyodysenteriae isolates.

PMID- 697137
TI  - Testing of hemolytic complement components in domestic animals.
AB  - Total complement (C) and its components were assayed in the serum of 8 species of
      domestic animals, using commercially prepared cellular intermediates of sheep
      erythrocytes and functionally pure guinea pig and human components of the C
      system. Testing was done according to methods recommended by the producer for
      testing human C components. The late-acting components (C6 throug C9) and C1 were
      detected in carnivorous (dog and cat) and omnivorous (swine) animals.
      Undetectable or low titers of C4, C2, C3, and C5 were present in large
      herbivorous animals (cattle, horse, sheep, and goat), indicating major
      differences in comparison with human or guinea pig components of C. Porcine serum
      contained an inhibiting substance which interfered with testing C2 and later
      acting components at serum dilutions up to 1:100. All components except C2 were
      detected in chicken serum. The binding or activation (or both) of C4, C2, C3, and
      C5 is more species specific than is the binding or activation (or both) of other
      components. Requirements for species specificity between antibody and C1 were not
      detected. Presence of C1 inactivator was detected in bovine, caprine, equine, and
      ovine sera. The CH50 (50% hemolysis) titers of C components tested in pooled
      serum samples from the 8 species of clinically healthy domestic animals are
      presented.

PMID- 697138
TI  - German Shepherd dog myelopathy--a morphologic and morphometric study.
AB  - The concept that a degenerative neurologic disease in German Shepherd Dogs
      (designated "German Shepherd Dog myelopathy") represents a dying-back disease
      process was not substantiated by morphologic and morphometric data derived from
      central and peripheral nervous system evaluation in 23 dogs. The occurrence of
      this identifiable disease complex in German Shepherd Dogs suggested a role by
      genetic determinants.

PMID- 697139
TI  - Effects of functional nephrectomy on the disappearance rates of canine serum
      amylase and lipase.
AB  - The rates of disappearance of intravenously injected amylase and lipase were
      determined in dogs before and after ligation of the renal vessels. Functional
      nephrectomy increased the half life of serum amylase from 5 to 14 hours and of
      serum lipase from 2 to 11 hours. Serum amylase values increased relatively little
      in dogs with a functional nephrectomy when enzymes were not infused. The increase
      in serum amylase activity was not correlated to the increase in serum urea
      nitrogen. The canine kidney was responsible for the disappearance of part of the
      amylase and lipase from the serum. Only trace amounts of either amylase or lipase
      activity were found in the urine. It is assumed the canine kidney inactivated
      these enzymes.

PMID- 697140
TI  - Relationship between apex cardiogram and left ventricular pressure events in
      Greyhound dogs.
AB  - Temporal relationships between the left apex cardiogram (ACG) and left
      ventricular and aortic pressure events were studied in 10 anesthetized Greyhound
      dogs. A close relationship existed between onset of the upstrokes of the ACG and
      left ventricular pressure. The nadir of the protosystolic upstroke of the ACG
      invariably occurred after the peak rate of change of left ventricular pressure
      increase (d/dt)LVP and the onset of aortic pressure increase, but occurred
      virtually simultaneously with the peak rate of change of aortic pressure increase
      (d/dt)A. The relationship between the protodiastolic nadir of the downstroke of
      left ventricular pressure and that of the ACG was close but variable. The ACG
      could be of value as a noninvasive examination technique in canine cardiovascular
      studies.

PMID- 697141
TI  - Plating of canine scapular fractures.
AB  - The purpose in this study was to determine whether there was a significance
      difference between conservative management and plating of scapular body
      fractures. Bilateral scapular body fractures were created in 10 dogs. The left
      scapula in each dog was treated by open reduction and plating of the scapular
      spine. The right scapula was not treated. Plating enhanced healing and early
      return of function, but there was no significant difference in the long-term
      results.

PMID- 697142
TI  - Kidney in the aging cat: hexokinase, aldolase, L-alpha-glycerophosphate
      dehydrogenase, and lactate dehydrogenase histochemistry.
AB  - Hexokinase, aldolase, L-alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, and lactate
      dehydrogenase activities were determined in the kidney of the aging cat. Kidneys
      from 24 domestic cats 2 months to 7.5 years old in 6 age groups were examined by
      light microscopic and histochemical methods. Enzyme activities in anatomic
      components of the kidney were assessed on a quantitative basis for evaluation of
      mean activity between the age groups. In the cats with advancing age, renal
      components generally had stable activity. A significant (P less than 0.05)
      increase in hexokinase activity occurred with advancing age in the ascending part
      of the renal loop (Henle's loop) and in the distal convoluted tubule. Significant
      (P less than 0.05) increases in aldolase activity with aging were in cortical
      connective tissue, internal part of the glomerular capsule (podocytes), distal
      convoluted tubule, and convoluted segment (Pi) of the proximal portion of the
      nephron tubule. L-alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase
      activity increased significantly with aging in the convoluted (Pi) segment of the
      proximal portion of the nephron tubule.

PMID- 697143
TI  - Effect of orally administered ribavirin on experimental feline calicivirus
      infection in cats.
AB  - Ribavirin administered orally at 75 mg/kg/day in 3 divided doses for 10 days,
      beginning either 1 or 4 days, after aerosol exposure of cats to calicivirus
      strain 255, failed to have any beneficial effect on the clinical course of the
      disease or to reduce viral excretion. Indeed, there was enhanced severity of the
      clinicopathologic findings in the treated exposed group, due largely to
      hemorrhage resulting from profound thrombocytopenia. Other toxic effects included
      depression of red and white blood cells, increased alanine aminotransferase
      activity, icterus, and body weight loss. Toxic effects were largely reversed
      within 1 week of cessation of treatment.

PMID- 697144
TI  - 3-methylindole-induced pulmonary edema and emphysema in sheep.

PMID- 697145
TI  - Certain cytologic features of the porcine adrenal medulla.
AB  - Adrenal glands were collected from pigs of various ages under general anesthesia.
      Glutaraldehyde-fixed medullary tissue was postfixed with OsO4 for electron
      microscopy and with potassium dichromate or potassium iodate for light
      microscopy. Columnar epinephrine (E) cells formed cords between wide sinusoidal
      capillaries at the corticomedullary junction and were arranged in palisade
      fashion along the central vein and its major tributaries. The E cells usually
      were polarized, with the nuclei located away from the sinusoidal capillaries.
      Clusters of polygonal norepinephrine (NE) cells formed large central aggregates
      surrounded by E cells. Granulated vesicles were the predominant cytoplasmic
      feature of both E and NE cells. Round or oval E granules were bounded by a
      crenated membrane separated from the granule by a clear halo. The more electron
      dense, elongate NE granules were bounded by a closely apposed, smooth membrane. 
      The average longest granule axis was 270 nm for E granules and 305 nm for NE
      granules. Many cytoplasmic organelles were congregated in a granule-free
      paranuclear zone, which contained a prominent Golgi complex. Thin nonmyelinated
      nerve fibers (singly or in small groups) were interposed between the E and NE
      cells. Nerve fibers often were located close to the nucleus in a depression of
      the cell surface and often were wrapped by thin E or NE cell processes. The
      medulla of newborn pigs was composed predominantly or exclusively of NE cells. In
      both adults and pigs, E or NE cell cords radiated through the  cortex toward the
      capsule, and isolated clusters of E or NE cells frequently were found in the
      capsule or zona glomerulosa.

PMID- 697146
TI  - Direct colorimetric determination of serum arginase in various domestic animals.
AB  - A direct colorimetric method for the determination of serum arginase activity in
      various domestic animals is described. Serum arginase activity in healthy mature
      dogs, cats, horses, cattle, sheep, and pigs ranged from 0 to 14 IU/L. Serum
      arginase activity increased considerably in these animals during experimental
      hepatic damage induced by oral administration of carbon tetrachloride.

PMID- 697147
TI  - Comparison of selected diagnostic tests for detection of motile Aeromonas
      septicemia in fish.
AB  - Cultural isolation, slide agglutination (SA), tube agglutination (TA),
      microagglutination (MA), and fluorescent antibody (FA) techniqes were compared as
      methods for detecting motile aeromonas septicemia in channel catfish (Ictalurus
      punctatus). Tests were conducted on naturally infected fish from feral
      populations and commercial sources, as well as on fish which were experimentally
      infected with a virulent culture of Aeromonas hydrophila. Increased levels of
      specific serum agglutinins to A hydrophila were demonstrable only in fish from
      whose blood the organism could be recovered. It was concluded that the SA
      procedure was an effective diagnostic test which would be most useful under field
      conditions. Under laboratory conditions, the TA, MA, and FA procedures were found
      to be equally effective in detecting the level of serum agglutinins to A
      hydrophila. The FA procedure, however, was more sensitive than any of the
      agglutination procedures and could be performed in less time than TA or MA.

PMID- 697148
TI  - Electron probe microanalysis of fluorotic bovine teeth.
AB  - Incisor teeth were obtained from adult cattle which since 4 months of age to 5 or
      6 years were maintained on rations containing a yearly average of 40 ppm F in the
      forage. Microchemical analyses were performed on the fluorotic bovine incisors.
      The microdistribution of fluoride varied markedly at different sites within the
      same tooth. Fluoride concentrations varied with the depth from the tooth surface
      and were influenced by the concentrations of fluoride present in the forage
      during amelogenesis, and the presence of hypoplastic pits and hyperplastic
      coronal cementum in enamel. The cementum in these lesions contained remarkably
      high concentrations of fluoride, and it was less calcified and more porous than
      adjacent enamel.

PMID- 697149
TI  - Reduction of ruminal 3-methylindole production and the prevention of tryptophan
      induced acute bovine pulmonary edema and emphysema.

PMID- 697150
TI  - Efficacy of a new oxytetracycline formulation against clinical anaplasmosis.
AB  - A study was conducted to determine whether 1 intramuscular injection of an
      experimental long-acting oxytetracycline formulation was effective in treatment
      of induced acute anaplasmosis in cattle and to compare this with the drug
      response resulting from repeated treatments with an existing, approved
      oxytetracycline product. The new formulation was supplied in solutions of 200 mg
      of oxytetracycline/ml and was administered 1 time at the rate of 20 mg/kg of body
      weight. The experimental formulation was compared with a product providing 50 mg
      of oxytetracycline/ml which was administered on 2 consecutive days at the dose
      rate of 10 mg/kg for each treatment. The response to treatment observed in the
      study animals indicates that 1 injection of the experimental formulation was
      equivalent to 2 daily injections of the 50 mg/ml product in treating animals with
      acute bovine anaplasmosis compared with infected nonmedicated control animals.
      The need for new chemotherapeutic compounds such as this formulation for use in
      the treatment and control of anaplasmosis is discussed.

PMID- 697151
TI  - Pharmacologic and toxicologic study of prostaglandin F2alpha in cattle.
AB  - Prostaglandin F 1alpha (tham salt formulation) was injected IM into mature beef
      heifers at the rate of 0, 25, 75, 125, or 250 mg (4 heifers/dose group) on days 2
      and 10, or 0 and 25 mg (4 heifers/dose group) on days 1 through 10. Drug effects
      were evaluated by means of 19 clinical observations, measurements of body weight
      and 10 organ weights, 15 clinical chemistry measurements, 9 hematologic
      measurements, 7 urinalysis measurements, and gross and microscopic observations
      of 27 tissues. Prostaglandin F2alpha administered on days 1 and 10 or daily for
      10 days produced little evidence of pharmacologic effects and no evidence of
      toxicologic effects. Pharmacologic effects  included a slight transitory increase
      in heart rate in all treated groups and slight hyperthermia in the 250-mg group.
      Failure to produce important  toxicologic effects at 250 mg/day and with
      luteolytic doses occurring around 15 to 25 mg/day demonstrated that the safety
      factor was in excess of 10 X.

PMID- 697152
TI  - Critical tests of the anthelmintic febantel in the horse: activity of a paste
      formulation alone or with a trichlorfon paste.
AB  - Critical tests were carried out in 10 horses to evaluate the antiparasitic
      activity of febantel given alone or with trichlorfon. Paste formulations were
      administered intraorally at dose levels of 6 mg of febantel (active
      ingredient)/kg and 35 mg of trichlorfon (active ingredient)/kg. In 5 tests with
      febantel alone, removal of 100% was recorded for mature or immature Parascaris
      equorum from 2 infected horses. Strongylus vulgaris from 4 infected horses, S
      edentatus from 5 infected horses, and mature Oxyuris equi from 1 infected horse;
      and removal of 96% was recorded for small strogyles from 1 horse tested, and bots
      in 5 infected horses were not affected. In 5 horses treated with both compounds,
      removal of 100% was recorded for mature P equorum from 2 infected horses,
      immature P equorum from 1 infected horse, S vulgaris from 5 infected horses,
      Sedentatus from 5 infected horses, mature O equi from 2 infected horses, immature
      O equi from 1 horse tested, 2nd Gasterophilus intestin-equi from 1 infected
      horse, 2nd-instar C nasalis from 1 infected horse, and 3rd-instar C nasalis from
      4 infected horses. Removal of 98% was recorded for small strongyles from 1 horse
      tested, and removal of 65% to 100% for 3rd-instar C intestinalis from 5 infected
      horses. In the aggregate, removal of 3rd-instar C intestinalis was 99%. Untoward
      effects of treatment were quite limited. Only a transient softening of feces in 1
      of 5 horses given the trichlorfon paste plus the febantel paste was recorded.

PMID- 697153
TI  - Pathogenicity of equine herpesvirus: in vivo persistence in equine tissue
      macrophages of herpesviuus type 2 detected in monolayer macrophage cell culture.
AB  - Equine macrophages from the mammary glands of a yearling filly and an 18-year-old
      barren nonlactatind mare formed cell monolayers in continuous cultures. There was
      absence of viral cytopathic effect (CPE) in early cell culture passages. The
      cells from the early cell culture passages having no CPE failed to show evidence
      of virus or viral antigen by electron microscopic and immunofluorescence studies.
      Foci of CPE first appeared in the monolayer cell cultures from the filly and the
      mare in the 3rd and the 4th serial passages respectively, and the CPE increased
      on subsequent serial passages. Equine herpesvirus type 2 (EHV 2) cultures showing
      CPE. The macrophage monolayer culture established from the mare produced CPE foci
      more consistently than did the culture from the filly, and they were more
      numerous. Conversely, the peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the filly on
      cocultivation with an equine embryo kidney monolayer cell culture produced more
      EHV 2 CPE foci than did those from the mare. This study indicated that tissue
      macrophages may be a site for latent and persistent herpesvirus infections in
      horses.

PMID- 697154
TI  - Scanning electron microscopy of the epithelium and spermatozoa in the equine
      excurrent duct system.

PMID- 697155
TI  - Influence of enteric infection on zinc utilization and clinical signs and lesions
      of zinc deficiency in young swine.

PMID- 697156
TI  - Effects of gastrin on emptying and composition of digesta of the omasum of sheep.
AB  - Three adult sheep were prepared with a denervated pouch of fundus of the abomasum
      and a reentrant fistula system that connected the remaining proximal and distal
      portions of the abomasum. The proximal cannula of the reentrant system was close
      to the omasoabomasal orifice, allowing for easy collection of fluid leaving the
      omasum. Intravenous injection of 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 microgram/kg/hr of synthetic
      human gastrin I caused a marked decrease in flow rate of fluid from the omasum.
      The concentration of particulate matter in the digesta was inversely related to
      rate of omasal outflow. An increase in acid output from the denervated abomasal
      pouch during gastrin injection indicated that the hormone was given at
      pharmacologically effective doses. Results indicate that gastrin has a modulating
      effect on the flow of ingesta through the ruminant forestomachs. Actual sites of
      action were not identified.

PMID- 697157
TI  - Efficacy of monensin against coccidiosis in lambs.
AB  - Lambs fed monensin mixed in a complete fattening ration at concentrations of 5,
      10, or 20 ppm were protected against death, impaired body weight gain, and
      diarrhea due to infections of Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae and E ahsata. Monensin
      given at the concentration of 10 ppm reduced oocyst passage and, at the
      concentration of 20 ppm, almost completely controlled oocyst passage. Protection
      was afforded by monensin given at the concentration of 5 ppm, although oocyst
      passage was excessive and body weight gains were suboptimal. Infected control
      lambs were severely affected, with mortality rate of 30% to 50% on days 14 to 18
      and oocyst passage averaging 286,000,000 oocyst/lamb, Oocyst production peaks on
      days 12 to 15 and 21 to 27 correlated with the appearance of oocysts of E
      ninakohlyakimovae and E ahsata, respectively. Body weight gains and feed
      consumption of lambs fed monensin at the concentration of 10 or 20 ppm indicated
      that the drug was well tolerated at these dose levels and this route of
      administration. The compound was efficacious in Dorset and Suffolk X Hampshire
      lambs, and caused no problems when fed to pregnant ewes.

PMID- 697158
TI  - Studies on metabolism and concentrations of immunoglobulin G in the newly hatched
      turkey poult.
AB  - Persistence of maternal IgG in the hatched turkey poult was studied using 125I
      labeled egg yolk IgG injected at hatching. Determinations were made of the half
      life of IgG in the total plasma pool, and results indicated half-life for IgG of
      4.08 +/- 0.33 days. Elimination of the injected IgG (comparable with maternal
      IgG) was described as the percentage of the injected dose remaining in the plasma
      with 30.53%, 10.31%, and 3.48% of the injected dose at 7, 14, and 21 days,
      respectively, after injection.

PMID- 697159
TI  - Metabolism and passive transfer of immunoglobulins in the turkey hen.
AB  - Aspects of the metabolism and passive transfer of radioactive 125I-labeled IgG,
      IgM, and IgA from the turkey hen to the egg were studied. The half-life of 125I
      labeled IgG in plasma was calculated to be 5.91 +/- 0.81 days, and the time of
      maximal passage of radioactivity from hen into eggs was 6.5 +/- 1.3 days. The
      following IgG determinations were made: plasma concentration (8.54 +/- 1.2
      mg/ml), total plasma pool (0.518 +/- 0.07 g/kg), total turnover rate (0.062 +/-
      0.01 g/kg/day), or 11.92 +/- 0.01% of the plasma pool per day. The overall
      passage of IgG into sequentially laid eggs of individual hens was at a constant
      rate over an observation period of 46 days; loss to egg yolks accounts for less
      than 1% of total daily irreversible loss of IgG from the hen's body. The IgG
      concentrations in egg yolks assayed in 3 hens ranged from 72.1 +/- 6.7 to 104.5
      +/- 6.9 mg/yolk, with significant (P less than or equal to 0.01) differences
      observed between birds not accounted for by differences in egg weights. The IgG
      was detectable in egg whites, but at a low concentration. The biological
      importance of egg white IgG is questionable. In 2 hens examined, 125I-labeled IgM
      had a half-life of 2.69 and 2.74 days, with fractional turnovers of 25.76% and
      25.29% of the plasma pool/day. The IgM-associated radioactivity in egg material
      was considered unimportant in overall immunoglobulin transfer into eggs. In 2
      hens examined, 125I-labeled IgA (biliary) had a half-life of 1.92 and 1.68 days,
      with fractional turnovers of 36.09% and 41.25% of the plasma pool per day. Like
      IgM, IgA-associated radioactivity in egg material was considered unimportant in
      overall immunoglobulin passage into eggs.

PMID- 697160
TI  - Life cycle of Mesocestoides corti in the dog (Canis familiaris).
AB  - Ten Beagle pups were each inoculated per os with 2,000 tetrathyridia of
      Mesocestoides corti from mice. The dogs were necropsied at 5-day intervals and
      the small intestine of each dog was divided into 3 equidistant sections. Adult
      cestodes were counted and characterized morphologically. The M corti reproduced
      asexually in the Beagles by longitudinal splitting of the parent scolex,
      separation of a new individual, and subsequent regrowth of 2 additional suckers
      on both the parent and newly formed scolices. Five days after the tetrathyridia
      were given, evidence of parent scolex division was present. The ability of M
      corti to reproduce asexually in the definitive host enabled rapid proliferation
      of new organisms, with approximately 53,000 present 45 days after inoculation.

PMID- 697161
TI  - Electron microscopic observations on canine mixed mammary tumors, with special
      reference to cytoplasmic filamentous components.
AB  - Three chief cell types were studied in 8 canine mixed mammary tumors--luminal
      epithelial cells, myoepithelial cells, and filament cells, the last being the
      "stellate" cells recognized by light microscopists. Most cytoplasmic filaments in
      the myoepithelial cells were 5 to 8 nm thick, whereas another type of filaments
      were scattered, 8 to 10 nm thick. Almost all cytoplasmic filaments in the
      filament cells were 8 to 10 nm thick. In the adenomatous parts of the tumors,
      myoepithelial cells were chiefly seen, along with luminal epithelial cells.
      Filament cells were rarely observed without intercellular accumulation of mucoid.
      The filament cells were largely confined to the myxomatous and chondromatous
      parts of the tumors. The presence of cells of transitional forms in adenomatous
      areas suggested that the filament cells were derived from the myoepithelial
      cells.

PMID- 697162
TI  - Antibiotic-induced lethal enterocolitis in hamsters: studies with eleven agents
      and evidence to support the pathogenic role of toxin-producing Clostridia.
AB  - Clindamycin-induced enterocolitis in hamsters was studied, using a tissue culture
      assay to detect clostridial toxin. It was found that animals with lethal
      enterocolitis had a cytopathogenic substance in cecal contents and blood that was
      neutralized by clostridial antitoxins. Cultures of the cecal flora yielded
      numerous species of clostridia, but only 1 organism was detected which produced a
      toxin which was cytopathic in tissue culture. This organism, Clostridium
      difficile, was consistently present in high concentrations, and the cell-free
      supernate of these strains caused enterocolitis if injected intracecally into
      hamsters. Ten additional antimicrobials were tested ih hamsters. Ampicillin,
      vancomycin, erythromycin, cephalosporins, and oral gentamicin caused lethal
      enterocolitis in most recipients, and all animals which died had evidence of
      clostridia toxin in cecal contents at necropsy. Tetracycline and metronidazole
      were well tolerated, and the animals given these antimicrobials had no evidence
      of the toxin. We conclude that toxin-producing clostridia are responsible for
      lethal enterocolitis due to a variety of antimicrobials in hamsters.

PMID- 697163
TI  - Live streptomycin-dependent Pasteurella multocida vaccine for the prevention of
      hemorrhagic septicemia.
AB  - A type B Pasteurella multocida was used for the development of a streptomycin
      dependent (StrD) vaccine. Pasteurella multocida R-473, a hemorrhagic septicemia
      strain, was mutagenized with N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine to increase the
      likelihood of encountering a StrD mutant and was plated on agar containing 400
      microgram of streptomycin/ml. Replica plating was used to differentiate dependent
      from resistant colonies. Mice and rabbits were vaccinated with a StrD mutant and
      21 days later, were challenge exposed, along with unvaccinated controls, with the
      wild type R-473. Protection of greater than 4 logs was shown for the vaccinated
      mice. All vaccinated rabbits were protected and all nonvaccinated controls
      succumbed to a challenge exposure of 500 or 1,000 LD50.

PMID- 697164
TI  - Determination of fetal sex in cattle by cytologic examiantion of amniotic fluid.
AB  - Amniotic fluid smears (n = 134) of bovine fetuses (69 males, 65 females) at
      various stages of gestation were stained by the Papanicolaou method. Percentage
      counts of eosinophilic, orangeophilic, and cyanophilic cells were determined by
      examining 500 cells per sample. The cyanophilic cell count was significantly (P
      less than 0.001) higher for the females (37% +/- 3% to 47% +/- 3%) than for the
      males (19% +/- 2% to 32% +/- 3%). Significant differences, however, were not
      recorded with the eosinophilic and the orangeophilic cell counts. The percentage
      cyanophilic count could therefore be used as a method of prenatal sex
      determination.

PMID- 697165
TI  - Percutaneous drill pulmonary biopsy in the dog.
AB  - Percutaneous drill pulmonary biopsy was performed 41 times in 5 dogs with a 51%
      rate in obtaining gross pulmonary tissue and 4% mortality from endobronchial
      hemorrhage. This pulmonary biopsy technique was not recommended for use in the
      dog.

PMID- 697166
TI  - A case study of canine panosteitis: comparison of radiographic and radioisotopic
      studies.
AB  - A dog with recurrent active panosteitis was monitored with weekly skeletal
      radiographs and radioisotopic bone scintigrams performed on the same day.
      Comparison of results obtained by the two techniques indicated that scintigrams
      were more sensitive in revealing early lesions. Radiography was more specific and
      essential to establish a positive diagnosis. The sensitivity of radiographic and
      scintigraphic evidence was comparable during the midportions of the disease while
      bone resorption and deposition were most active. In late stages of panosteitis,
      after disappearance of clinical signs, the scintigrams were negative, whereas
      radiographs continued to reveal the presence of sclerotic lesions.

PMID- 697167
TI  - Trichuris campanula infection in a domestic cat from Miami, Florida.
AB  - Based upon measurements and morphologic character, whipworms recovered from a
      Miami, Florida, cat were identified as Trichuris campanula. Experimental
      infections in cats indicated that the prepatent period was approximately 62 days.

PMID- 697168
TI  - Effect of feeding on plasma uric acid levels in snakes.
AB  - The effect of feeding on plasma-uric acid concentrations of the snake was
      studied. The values were monitored in 2 gopher snakes and 2 black rat snakes
      which were fed mice. Plasma uric acid values in snakes increased after eating and
      gradually returned to base line with the digestion of the mice. Uric acid
      concentrations were greater in snakes eating 2 mice than in those eating only 1
      mouse. The base-line plasma uric acid concentration in snakes was approximately 2
      to 5 mg/dl. Plasma uric acid concentrations may be useful in making a diagnosis
      of gout. Presence of gout is usually indicated by increased uric acid
      concentrations; however, interpretation of these concentrations should be based
      on information about the feeding schedule.

PMID- 697169
TI  - Preparation of primary cultures of tick cells.
AB  - Primary cell cultures were prepared from preimaginal bodies from the nymphal
      ticks, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Dermacentor andersoni, and Amblyomma maculatum,
      and from the hemocytes of late-stage nymphal and adult ticks, Ornithodoros
      coriaceus. The dissection methods for obtaining preimaginal bodies and hemocytes
      for culture are described. A culture mediu, designated RML 375, was used for both
      culture methods. Primary cultures were established with minimal contamination.
      Preimaginal body cultures may be maintained for 2 to 8 months or longer and
      hemocyte cultures for 1 to 9 months. Cultured cells form incomplete monolayers
      and tend to grow in clusters. Subculturing these cells is difficult, although A
      maculatum have been sucessfully subcultured several times. A brief review of
      arthropod tissue culturing is presented and potential applications of the method
      are discussed.

PMID- 697170
TI  - Characterization of a Pasteurella multocida bacteriophage.
AB  - The Pasteurella multocida bacteriophage B939a produces turbid plaques, which
      suggests infection with a temperate phage. Attempts to induce production of lytic
      phage by UV irradiation were unsuccessful, however, Bateriophage B932a is highly
      stable at 4 C and relatively stable at room temperature. It tolerates moist heat
      at 60 C, but is inactivated at 70 C in 10 minutes. Morphologically, it is a
      tailed phage with a hexagonal head.

PMID- 697171
TI  - Electromagnetic blood flowmeters and flow probes: theoretic and practical
      considerations.
AB  - Electromagnetic blood flowmeters and flow probes are used to measure blood flow
      in blood vessels throughout the circulatory system. The principle of this
      measuring device is based on laws of electromagnetic induction discovered in the
      19th century. The instrument has been predominantly used in research, but is
      presently used in human cardiovascular units to measure blood flow in blood
      vessels, and in prosthesis in conjection with cardiovascular surgical procedures.
      Electromagnetic flow equipment provides the most accurate measurement (in vivo)
      of blood flow available, both for acute and chronic implants. This report
      presents some of the theoretic and practical considerations for effective use of
      this instrument.

PMID- 697172
TI  - Tuberculin conversions: true or false?

PMID- 697173
TI  - Theophylline disposition in acutely ill hospitalized patients. The effect of
      smoking, heart failure, severe airway obstruction, and pneumonia.
AB  - Theophylline disposition (clearance, volume of distribution, and half-life) was
      measured in 31 normal volunteers and 26 acutely ill patients with airway
      obstruction within 24 hours of hospital admission and again when intravenous
      aminophylline was discontinued 2 to 10 days later. Sex, age, race, the diagnosis
      of asthma, and the diagnosis of chronic bronchitis were not significantly
      correlated with clearance. Clearance was significantly increased in smokers and
      significantly decreased in patients with congestive heart failure, pneumonia, and
      severe bronchial obstruction. The volume of distribution was not correlated with
      these variables. Within 24 hours of admission, the mean clearance in our patients
      without congestive heart failure or pneumonia was 44.5 ml per hour per kg of body
      weight, 40 per cent less than the value on which the widely used 0.9 mg per kg
      per hour dosage is based. The unexplained interindividual variability of
      clearance was significantly higher amont patients than control subjects, but
      intraindividual variability in clearance was not different in these 2 groups
      after correction for the effects of smoking, congestive heart failure, and so on.
      Large variability in clearance among patients makes the plasma theophylline
      concentration resulting from any dosage relatively uncertain. Based on the the
      results of this study, recommendations are made concerning theophylline dosage
      computation, and the clinical circumstances calling for determination of plasma
      theophylline concentrations.

PMID- 697174
TI  - Oxygen-assisted exercise in chronic obstructive lung disease. The effect on
      exercise capacity and arterial blood gas tensions.
AB  - Twenty-six patients with severe chronic obstructive lung disease exercised on a
      treadmill while breathing either room air, supplementary compressed air, or O2.
      Endurance was significantly increased by O2, but there was no improvement in
      maximal work rate. No relation was found between increased endurance and the
      degree of hypoxia, hypercarbia, or acidosis during exercise or the changes in
      these while breathing O2.

PMID- 697175
TI  - Mucus rheology and mucociliary clearance: Normal physiologic state.
AB  - Tracheal mucociliary clearance studies, mucus collections, and rheologic studies
      were performed on a weekly basis in 7 adult purebred beagles in an attempt to
      correlate clearance rate with rheology of mucus. Clearance rates were determined
      by a percutaneous transtracheal, radioisotope injection technique. Mucus was
      collected from dogs equipped with a tracheal pouch, and rheologic determinations
      were performed on a dynamic microrheometer. Individual analysis of data for each
      dog failed to reveal any significant relationship between clearance rate and any
      parameter of elasticity or viscosity. However, when data from all 7 dogs were
      pooled, covering a much wider range of the measured variables, it was seen that
      as the elastic modulus increased, the rate of clearance decreased. The
      mucociliary clearance rate was halved by an approximate ten-fold increase in
      elastic modulus of mucus.

PMID- 697176
TI  - Physiologic effects of bronchopulmonary lavage in alveolar proteinosis.
AB  - The clinical and physiologic effects of bronchopulmonary lavage of both lungs at
      separate times in 14 patients with alveolar proteinosis proved by biopsy were
      followed for 2 to 96 months. Before lavage, all patients had moderate to severe
      dyspnea on exertion. Twelve had a nonproductive cough, and 2 had a productive
      cough; both were smokers. Nine had generalized fatigue, and 4 had weight loss.
      Twelve of 14 had fine inspiratory rales. All of the patients had abnormal chest
      roentgenograms, and 13 of 14 had an increased lactate dehydrogenase
      concentration. After lavage, all patients had loss of fatigue and improved
      exercise tolerance, with most returning to normal activity. Cough cleared in 12
      of 14 and remained only in the cigarette smokers. Inspiratory rales cleared
      completely in most patients (11 of 12) and partially in one. The rales usually
      returned during exacerbations. Physiologic measurements that changed
      significantly after bilateral lavage included: vital capacity, total lung
      capacity, resting room air PO2, exercise PO2, PO2 while breathing 100 per cent
      O2, and DLCO. Because all measurements were made within 5 days of the second
      lavage, one must attribute the acute improvement to the removal of proteinaceous
      material from the alveoli. The long-term effects varied; some patients required
      annual or semiannual lavages, wherease others remained in remission after lavage
      for 36 to 96 months. Exacerbations were accompanied by increased dyspnea,
      reappearance of rales, and deterioration of the gas-exchange parameters noted
      previously. Repeat lavage reversed the clinical symptoms and physiologic
      abnormalities in patients who had recurrences.

PMID- 697177
TI  - Regional lung function in asymptomatic cigarette smokers.
AB  - Regional pulmonary ventilation and perfusion were studied in the supine posture
      using xenon-133 in 10 asymptomatic cigarette smokers with normal chest
      radiographs and no evidence of large airway obstruction. The results were
      compared with those obtained in age-matched control subjects who were lifelong
      nonsmokers. The ventilation of the upper zones of the lungs was significantly
      less than that of the lower zones in smokers but not in control subjects, and
      perfusion of the upper zones of the lungs was significantly greater than that of
      the mid-zones in control subjects but not in smokers. It is suggested that the
      upper zone abnormalities found in the group of smokers were consistent with the
      development of early emphysema.

PMID- 697178
TI  - Radioisotope scanning in the initial staging of bronchogenic carcinoma.
AB  - The use of routine radioisotope scanning to screen for subclinical metastatic
      disease in the initial staging of bronchogenic carcinoma was studied. To define
      the value of scans, liver, brain, and bone scans were studied prospectively in
      111 patients and retrospectively in 114 patients. Among patients with clinical
      findings suggesting metastatic disease, 14.4 per cent of the liver scans, 12.3
      per cent of the brain scans, and 35.7 per cent of the bone scans were positive.
      All patients free of clinical findings had negative liver and brain scans.
      Positive bone scans occurred in 8 per cent of the patients without clinical
      abnormalities. True-positive bone scans occurred in less than 4 per cent of the
      patients free of clinical abnormalities. The clinical findings noted in the
      patients pointed to the organ involved in only 76 per cent of the abnormal liver
      scans, 62 per cent of the abnormal brain scans, and 75 per cent of the abnormal
      bone scans. Clinical findings associated with positive liver and brain scans were
      multiple and significant, whereas findings with the positive bone scans could be
      few or subtle. Routine scanning failed to identify a significant number of
      patients with clinically unsuspected metastatic disease. Liver, brain, and bone
      scanning is indicated only in patients suspected of having metastatic disease.

PMID- 697179
TI  - Bronchial hyperirritability in healthy subjects after exposure to ozone.
AB  - We studied the effect of a 2-hour exposure to 0.6 ppm of ozone on bronchial
      reactivity in 8 healthy, nonsmoking subjects by measuring the increase in airway
      resistance (Raw) produced by inhalation of histamine diphosphate aerosol (1.6 per
      cent, 10 breaths). Before exposure to ozone, histamine increase the mean Raw from
      1.2 to 1.8 cm H2O per liter per sec. Immediately after exposure to ozone, the
      mean baseline Raw was unchanged, but the mean response to histamine was
      significantly greater than the pre-ozone response (Raw = 3.3 cm H2O per liter per
      sec; P less than 0.05). For the group, this increase disappeared 1 day after
      exposure to ozone, although 2 subjects still had a significantly increased
      response to histamine for more than 1 week after exposure. In 4 subjects,
      pretreatment with atropine sulfate aerosol (0.1 to 0.2 mg per kg of body weight)
      blocked the increase in Raw produced by histamine after exposure to ozone. We
      concluded that brief exposure to 0.6 ppm of ozone produces bronchial
      hyperirritability via cholinergic postganglionic pathways, probably by damaging
      airway epithelium and thereby sensitizing bronchial irritant receptors.

PMID- 697180
TI  - Collateral ventilation and the middle lobe syndrome.
AB  - The mechanics of collateral ventilation in the right middle lobe of 5 young,
      normal volunteers were studied using a bronchoscopic wedge technique, and the
      results were compared with those from an upper lobe of the same subjects. At
      functional residual capacity, the resistance to collateral ventilation in the
      right middle lobe was 4,042 +/- 559 cm H2O per liter per sec (mean +/- SE),
      whereas that of the upper lobes was 799 +/- 168 cm H2O per liter per sec. The
      time constant for collateral ventilation could not be measured in the right
      middle lobe of any of the subjects because it exceeded their breath-holding times
      of 6 to 16 sec. The time constant for collateral ventilation in the upper lobes
      was 4.5 +/- 1.0 sec. We concluded that collateral ventilation in the right middle
      lobe of young normal subjects is characterized by a high resistance and a long
      time constant relative to the upper lobes. This is probably explained by a
      greater ratio of pleural surface to nonpleural surface in the right middle lobe
      as compared to the upper lobes. We suggest that ineffective collateral
      ventilation is a major factor in the pathophysiology of the Middle Lobe Syndrome.

PMID- 697181
TI  - Aerodynamic size distribution of metered-dose bronchodilator aerosols.
AB  - The aerodynamic size distributions of 9 commonly used bronchodilator aerosols
      were determined by using a new instrument, the single-particle, aerodynamic
      relaxation time analyzer, which can measure the aerodynamic size of single
      particles and droplets in real time independent of density, shape, and other
      physical characteristics. The following commercial preparations were studied: Duo
      Medihaler, Medihaler-Epi, Medihaler-Epi Medihaler-Iso, Norisodrine Aerotrol,
      Alupent, Metaprel, Isuprel Mistometer, Bronkometer, and Asthma-Meter. Count
      median diameters ranged from 0.62 to 0.82 micrometer, and mass median aerodynamic
      diameters ranged from 2.8 to 4.3 micrometer. The heterodisperse nature of the
      aerosols was demonstrated by the relatively large geometric standard deviations,
      which ranged from 1.5 to 2.1. None of these aerosols had a log-normal
      distribution; rather, the distribution curves were multimodal.

PMID- 697182
TI  - Differential effects of cyclophosphamide and cortisone acetate on bronchoalveolar
      phagocytic cell populations.
AB  - The effects of cyclophosphamide and cortisone acetate on numbers of pulmonary
      alveolar macrophages (PAM) and on inflammatory response of polymorphonuclear
      leukocytes to bacterial infection in the lung were studied in guinea pigs. Groups
      of animals were treated for 7 days with each drug alone or in combination.
      Bronchoalveolar lavage was carried out on the day after completion of the drug
      regimens. Selected animals were challenged via the trachea with Pseudomonas
      aeruginosa 2 hours before lavage. Single-drug therapy did not significantly
      decrease numbers of PAM in lavage fluids, but combined therapy led to a 60 per
      cent (P less than 0.01) decrease in numbers of PAM. Normal animals and cortisone
      treated animals responded 2 hours after Pseudomonas lung challenge with a 4-fold
      increase in PMN in lavage fluid, wherease animals treated with cyclophosphamide
      or the combined-drug regimen failed in this response. The clearance of viable
      Pseudomonas organisms from bronchoalveolar fluids was inhibited only in animals 
      treated with both cyclophosphamide and cortisone. Thus, only a combined regimen
      of cyclophosphamide plus cortisone led to the simultaneous occurrence of
      decreased numbers of PAM, as well as inhibition of polymorphonuclear leukocyte
      inflammation in the lung. Combined immunosuppressive drug regimens may result in
      more severe alterations in lung host defense for the clearance of bacteria than
      does single-drug therapy.

PMID- 697183
TI  - Defective neutrophil locomotion in human blastomycosis: evidence for a serum
      inhibitor.
AB  - Unstimulated or stimulated locomotion, bactericidal, and metabolic activities of
      polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) from 12 nonimmunosuppressed patients with
      invasive fungal infections proved by culture, were evaluated before and after
      treatment of the patients with antimicrobial drugs. The major observation was
      that PMN from patients with blastomycosis had a defect in stimulated locomotion.
      The specificity of the defect for blastomycosis was substantiated by the normal
      stimulated locomotion of PMN from uninfected control subjects or untreated
      patients with histoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, coccidioidomycosis, or
      sporotrichosis. The defect was due to a heat-stable, cell-directed, reversible
      serum inhibitor. In unheated or heated serum from untreated patients with
      blastomycosis, control PMN had decreased stimulated locomotion. Multiple washing
      followed by addition of control serum corrected locomotion of PMN from untreated
      patients with blastomycosis. The abnormality was not present in PMN from patients
      who had been treated with amphotericin B or had spontaneous resolution of their
      infections. Inhibition was not due to absence of chemoattractant activity because
      zymosan-activated patient serum or mixtures of patient and control serum
      stimulated PMN locomotion normally. The defect did not correlate with age, sex,
      neutrophil count, nitroblue tetrazolium reduction, serologic reactivity, or
      duration or severity of infection. No defect was found in bactericidal or
      metabolic activities of various combinations of PMN and serum from untreated or
      treated patients with blastomycosis or the 4 other fungal infections tested,
      indicating that the inhibitor was specific for stimulated locomotion.

PMID- 697184
TI  - A comparative study of cell renewal after exposure to ozone or oxygen. Response
      of terminal bronchiolar epithelium in the rat.
AB  - Cell renewal patterns of the terminal bronchiolar epithelium of rats were
      examined during 7-day exposures to either 0.8 ppm of ozone or 80 per cent O2.
      Terminal bronchiolar epithelial cells were classified and counted in ciliated,
      nonciliated secretory (Clara), and nonciliated, nonsecretory categories.
      Thymidine labeled with hydrogen-3 was used in conjunction with light microscopic
      autoradiography to obtain labeling indices in exposed rats at 6, 24, 72, and 168
      hours compared to control rats at 6 and 168 hours. Results indicated that both
      ozone and O2 initiated a proliferative response of terminal bronchiolar
      epithelium, but that the response to O2 insult was delayed in onset and of lesser
      magnitude. Most importantly, the differential cell counts revealed that
      nonciliated secretory cells were the primary proliferating cell type at all
      periods after oxidant insult. This proliferative response continued with
      persistence of the insult through 168 hours. Shifts in proportions of cell types
      and labeling indices during exposure supported the view that nonciliated
      secretory cells are the reparative bronchiolar cells and that new ciliated cells
      are mainly derived from them.

PMID- 697185
TI  - Cytotoxic effects of nickel on ciliated epithelium.
AB  - Studies were conducted to measure the effect of graded concentrations of nickel
      on ciliary activity in an in vitro model system using isolated hamster tracheal
      rings, and to compare the in vitro findings with in vivo exposures using an organ
      culture system. Dose-response experiments were conducted for various Ni
      concentrations and for various lengths of exposure. In the in vitro model,
      significant decreases in ciliary activity occurred at concentrations as low as
      0.011 mM nickel (0.65 microgram of nickel per ml). A dose-response relationship
      between the concentration of nickel and ciliary action was demonstrated. A range
      of effects from a significant decrease of 26 beats per min (0.65 microgram of
      nickel per ml) to complete ciliostasis (65 microgram of nickel per ml)) was
      observed after 24 hours of exposure. Validation of the in vitro results occurred
      when hamsters were exposed to a nickel chloride aerosol at concentrations of 100
      to 275 microgram of nickel per m3. Immediately after the cessation of a 2-hour in
      vivo exposure, a decrease in ciliary activity of 60 and 140 beats per min was
      observed for animals exposed to 100 and 275 microgram of nickel per m3,
      respectively. The length of time required for recovery from the in vivo exposure
      to nickel aerosol was determined. Histologic examination of the epithelial cells
      also showed dose-related effects. It is apparent that nickel, either administered
      to the whole animal or to the tracheal epithelium directly, can significantly
      decrease the ciliary beating frequency and interfere with the normal functioning
      of respiratory defense mechanisms, thereby increasing the risk of the host to
      respiratory infections.

PMID- 697186
TI  - Gallium-67 citrate scanning in the staging of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis:
      Correlation and physiologic and morphologic features and bronchoalveolar lavage.
AB  - Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a fatal disorder characterized by interstitial
      fibrosis and parenchymal inflammation. Current concepts of this disease suggest
      that the inflammation precedes and probably induces the fibrotic state. To
      evaluate the extent and relative activity of the inflammatory process, we scanned
      patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis using gallium-67, a radionuclide
      known to concentrate in regions of inflammation. To quantify the amount of
      isotope in the lung parenchyma, the 67Ga-index was developed, a parameter derived
      from estimates of the size of regional pulmonary uptake, the uptake intensity,
      and its texture. Evaluation of 67Ga scans in 30 patients with idiopathic
      pulmonary fibrosis and 19 control subjects demonstrated that the 67Ga-index in
      the group with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis was significantly higher (P less
      than 0.001) than that in the control group. When compared with lung biopsy
      morphologic studies in 22 patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, the 67Ga
      index correlated with the degree of interstitial cellularity (P less than 0.05)
      and the degree of alveolar cellularity (P less than 0.005). When compared with
      cellular analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in 17 patients with idiopathic
      pulmonary fibrosis, the 67Ga-index correlated with the differential percentage of
      neutrophils (P less than 0.05), but not lymphocytes, eosinophils, or macrophages.
      These studies indicate that 67Ga accumulates in the lungs of patients with
      idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and is probably associated with the active
      inflammatory state. The associations of the 67Ga-index with morphologic features
      and bronchoalveolar lavage analysis suggest that quantitative evaluation of these
      scans may be useful in staging the activity of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and
      following responses to therapy.

PMID- 697187
TI  - Effect of atropine on mucociliary transport velocity in anesthetized dogs.
AB  - We recently described a radioactive tracer method of measuring mucociliary
      transport rates (MCTR) in vivo in dogs. The distance from larynx to carina is
      measured on inserting a calibrated fiberoptic bronchoscope into the trachea. A
      small volume (0.04 to 0.1 ml) of a suspension of radio-labeled albumin
      microspheres 5 to 7 micrometer in diameter is then deposited on the mucosal
      surface at the carina via a catheter placed through the inner channel of the
      bronchoscope. The rate of movement of these sphere towards the larynx is
      visualized sequentially by means of a gamma scintillation camera with a large
      field of view and is recorded as polaroid images during 10 to 30 min. By using
      this technique, transport rates were determined in the tracheas of 10
      anesthetized dogs (17 experiments) before and 10 min after intravenous infusion
      of 0.4 mg of atropine sulfate; each animal served as its own control subject.
      Baseline MCTR values were determined by using microspheres labeled with 140-KeV
      technetium-99m. After infusion of atropine, MCTR values were again determined
      using micropheres labeled with 390-KeV indium-113m. Because of their widely
      differing energy spectrums, both test agents could be used in rapid succession by
      adjusting the spectrometer of the scintillation camera. MCTR increased in 13
      experiments, did not change in two, and decreased in two. The percentage increase
      in MCTR after infusion of atropine was significant as compared to baseline values
      (30.0 +/- 0.6 per cent, mean +/- SE; P less than 0.05 by paired t test), as was
      the absolute change in MCTR after infusion of atropine (P less than 0.05 by 2-way
      analysis of variance). Therefore, the effect of atropine in improving mucociliary
      clearance was quantitatively similar to that previously reported for beta
      adrenergic agonists.

PMID- 697188
TI  - Miconazole treatment of relapsed pulmonary blastomycosis.
AB  - Two patients with second relapses of pulmonary blastomycosis after successful
      treatments with adequate doses of amphotericin B were retreated with miconazole.
      One patient had experienced an acute intrabronchial spread of disease to the
      contralateral lung before miconazole therapy. Marked clinical and
      roentgenographic improvement occurred with treatment, followed by mycologic
      relapse 1 month later. The other patient sustained a more indolent relapse of
      disease. A favorable response to treatment with miconazole was demonstrated by
      improvement in abnormalities noted on a chest roentgenogram and a [67]gallium
      citrate scan.

PMID- 697189
TI  - Restrictive ventilatory defect in a patient with primary pulmonary hypertension.
AB  - A patient with the classic features of primary pulmonary hypertension developed a
      severe restrictive ventilatory defect that worsened during the clinical course.
      Histologic examination of the lung showed vascular changes consistent with
      primary pulmonary hypertension and no evidence of pulmonary parenchymal fibrosis.
      We suggest that severe progressive pulmonary hypertension caused a restrictive
      ventilatory defect in this patient.

PMID- 697190
TI  - Empyema with Trichomonas species.
AB  - A 35-year-old alcoholic male patient developed an empyema secondary to presumed
      aspiration pneumonia. Trichomonads were demonstrated on wet mounts and Wright
      Giemsa-stained, air-dried smears of pleural fluid. Treatment with metronidazole,
      other antimicrobial drugs, and drainage was successful in curing the empyema.

PMID- 697191
TI  - Malignant mesothelioma arising after direct application of asbestos and fiber
      glass to the pericardium.
AB  - A case of mesothelioma, apparently arising in the pericardium, is reported in a
      patient who, 15 years previously, had been treated for angina pectoris by dusting
      of the pericardial cavity with a mixture of fibrous dusts. At autopsy,
      transparent fibers and ferruginous bodies were present within the pericardium.
      Electron diffraction and microprobe analysis indicated that approximately two
      thirds of the fibers were tremolite and anthophyllite asbestos, and the
      remainder, fiber glass. Development of mesothelioma in laboratory animals has
      been reported after intrapleural deposition of asbestos and other fibers, but in
      humans, the link between exposure to asbestos and mesothelioma has always been
      based on epidemiologic data and the retrospective finding of asbestos in tissues.
      To our knowledge, this is the first example of a malignant mesothelioma in a
      human associated with direct mesothelial contact with fibrous dusts.

PMID- 697192
TI  - Identification of a receptor for complement on the guinea pig alveolar macrophage
      membrane.
AB  - The present study was undertaken in an attempt to demonstrate the presence of a
      receptor for complement on the membrane of guinea pig alveolar macrophages (PAM).
      When target cells were prepared using mouse serum as the complement source, no
      attachment or ingestion of the target cell by guinea pig PAM was observed. When
      fresh autologous guinea pig serum was used as the complement source, attachment
      and ingestion of the target cell by PAM were observed. The results of additional
      experiments demonstrated that the attachment of these target cells was mediated
      by a complement receptor. These results demonstrated that like human PAM, guinea
      pig PAM do possess a membrane receptor for complement.

PMID- 697193
TI  - Comparison of flow-volume and closing volume variables in a random population.

PMID- 697194
TI  - Effects of preferential deposition of histamine in the human airway.

PMID- 697195
TI  - Platelet survival time in hypoxemic patients.

PMID- 697196
TI  - The role of immunotherapy in asthma.

PMID- 697197
TI  - Reliability of gallium-scan chest radiography.

PMID- 697198
TI  - [Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Review of 314 cases (author's transl)].
AB  - Three hundred fourteen patients with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis have been
      operated from 1969 to 1976. The different etiologies are discussed. Clinical and
      analytical data are evaluated. Radiology is employed in 99 per 100 of the cases
      with no complications. Medical treatment used is exposed clearly as well as the
      surgical procedure (Monereo's modification of the classical Fredet-Ramstedt
      technique). Postoperative results and complications such as vomiting, wound
      infection (4.4 per 100), eventration (0.6 per 100) and fatal outcome (0.6 per
      100) are thouroughly detailed as well as the associated pathology.

PMID- 697199
TI  - [Prognostic value of neonatal paroxyistic electroencephalogram (author's
      transl)].
AB  - Twenty full-term newborns showing acute neurologic symptoms of different
      etiologies, with neonatal paroxistic EEG tracings are reported. Clinical and
      electroencephalographic follow-up at three and twelve months confirmed in every
      case the presence of severe neurologic sequelae. A review of the literature is
      made, comparing the results of other investigators with those obtained in the
      present study specially from an ethiologic, clinical, electroencephalographic and
      evolutionary points of view.

PMID- 697200
TI  - [Sturge-Weber syndrome. Findings in 22 infantile cases (author's transl)].
AB  - Twenty two infants, 13 females and nine males, with Sturge-Weber syndrome are
      reviewed. Facial "nevus flammeus" is found to be located unilaterally in 13 cases
      and bilaterally in nine cases. Twenty infants presented seizures with generalized
      type being most frequent. E.E.G. alterations appeared in 18 cases. The I.Q. was
      normal in five infants although somewhat lower than the inferior limits of a
      normal I.Q. range. The major radiological alterations seen were an increased
      thickness of the skull cap; intracranial calcification (11 cases), unilateral in
      eight and bilateral in three; cerebral hemiatrophy (10 cases), arterial and
      venous hypoplasia and tortuosity in the entire extension of the carotid artery.
      One of the infants died with no apparent cause. This death cannot be attributed
      to the orignal syndrome. Computerized tomography offers early adequate data
      concerning the intracranial calcifications and cerebral hemiatrophy. Based on
      this study there does not seem to be sufficient motives to separate the Sturge
      Weber and the Klippel-Trenaunay syndromes into two different entities.

PMID- 697201
TI  - [Pediatric bibliometrics: I. Descriptive statistics on pediatric books and
      pamphlets (author's transl)].
AB  - A descriptive statistic analysis of general pediatric books and pamphlets,
      mentioning the number of titles in circulation at international level, and their
      distribution by languages, places of impression and countries with the main index
      of production is exposed.

PMID- 697202
TI  - [Pediatric bibliometrics: II. Descriptive statistics on pediatric periodicals and
      papers (author's transl)].
AB  - A descriptive statistic study about journals and pediatric articles at
      international level is presented. Three of the main international repetories of
      medical bibliography, have been used as sources, collecting a total of three
      hundred periodical pediatric publications. A distribution of these publications
      by languages, places or impression, periodicity of appearance and percent of sub
      specialization is made. In relation with pediatric papers, we have studied their
      presence in non medical scientific journals, medical but non pediatric journals
      and in those of the speciality, analizing the percentage of these papers in each
      one of them.

PMID- 697203
TI  - [Obese children. Psychical aspects studied by Rorschach's test (author's
      transl)].
AB  - A group of obese children comparatively to a control group of normal children
      using Rorschach's protocols is studied. Quantitatively it doesn't appear
      significant differences, although a serie of characteristics in obese children (a
      proportional increase in answer of small detail and human movement, less number
      of answer of colour-form and animal contents), is found. Cualitatively some
      differences (desvitalitation phenomenous and shock in front of grey colours) are
      also found. The present work deduces that it doesn't exist reasons to think about
      an specific structure and dynamic in personality of obese children.

PMID- 697204
TI  - [Psychological aspects of childhood obesity. Lavik's questionaire (author's
      transl)].
AB  - A group of obese children between 6-12 years of age is compared with Lavik's
      questionaire which serves as base for statistical analysis (critical ratio).
      Meaningful differences appear in several behavioral areas: aggressiveness,
      interest in sexuality, impaired interpersonal relations, increased anxiety and
      depressive tendencies. Important differences are to be noted also comparing obese
      boys and girls.

PMID- 697205
TI  - [Indications of vascular exploration in the diagnosis of abdominal neuroblastoma
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The criteria on the indications of angiography are shown in the diagnosis of
      abdominal neuroblastoma, stressing its' utility in situations where conventional
      procedures do not supply an accurate diagnosis. Angiography happens to be
      fundamental for diagnosis retroperitoneal tumours which eventually result in a
      silent kidney as well as for the differential diagnosis of some hepatic tumours
      and Pepper's syndrome.

PMID- 697206
TI  - [Acute poisoning by I.M. iron. Report of a fatal case (author's transl)].
AB  - The case of a five months-old child who received 44 mg/Kg of Fe-sorbitol I.M. by
      mistake is reported. That dose is about ten times the usual standard dosage.
      After an initial vague symptomatology, followed by transitory improvement, she
      developed a serious metabolic acidosis, renal and hepatic failure and generalized
      convulsions. The clinical picture could not be controlled by general supportive
      treatment, desferroxamine administration and exanguino-transfusion.

PMID- 697207
TI  - [Congenital monomorph adenoma of the parotid gland (author's transl)].
AB  - Congenital monomorph tubular adenoma is a very infrequent tumor. Usually
      diagnosis is an operative finding. Together with its' infrequency, rapid rate of
      growth, differential diagnosis with other vascular tumors, specially cystic
      lymphangioma, and its surgical excision avoiding lesion of the facial nerve,
      account for this publication.

PMID- 697208
TI  - [Diagnosis and treatment of bronchiolitis (author's transl)].
AB  - In this paper we review the current facts in the diagnosis and treatment of
      bronchiolitis. Etiological diagnosis,, clinical features and major problems of
      differential diagnosis are also discussed. A classification of the patients
      according to the seriousness of the clinical picture is proposed. Proper
      treatment requires the adoption of specific therapeutical measures for each
      degree of the disease. Recent reports have demonstrated the occurrence of
      residual pulmonary lesions after bronchiolitis. Therefore, strict controls during
      the course of the acute disease are required, in order to prevent these
      complications.

PMID- 697209
TI  - [Growth rate and bone maturation in celiac disease (author's transl)].
AB  - The growth and bone maturation of 43 celiac patients were analyzed. A significant
      correlation between gluten intake and growth rate was found. The authors suggest
      this is a good parameter to advise the best moment to make the control biopsie
      and the provocation test.

PMID- 697210
TI  - [Salmonella infection in children. Epidemiological and clinical considerations
      (author's transl)].
AB  - An analysis of data on Salmonella infection treated at the Children's Hospital
      "La Fe", in Valencia, from 1974--75 is presentd. A patient population of 211
      selected cases were divided into two groups: Gastroenteritis (GEC), 155 cases,
      and typhoid-paratyphoid fever (T-P F), 56 cases. Hospitalization was required in
      79% of the cases. The following parameter were studied: Locality and district of
      origin with respect to residence, conditions of hygiene, size of family: age,
      sex, seasonal incidence, previous time of illness, presenting symptoms and
      physical sings and complementary studies. The following conclusions were
      obtained: Salmonella infection are and endemic problem in Valencia. Their
      incidence is maximal during the months of June to October. Epidemiological
      environment was positive in 15% of the cases. Higher morbidity in children less
      than two years of age. Most frequent presenting symptoms: Diarrhea, fever and
      vomiting as often in GEC as in T-P F. In 38.7% of GEC cases, the diarrhea was
      bloody; 21.9% of GEC cases began with fever. Salmonella paratyphi B was the agent
      most frequently responsible. Data concerning sex, family size, conditions of
      hygiene and white blood cells offer little discriminatory information. Results
      obtained are concordant with those described in the literature.

PMID- 697211
TI  - [Chronic gastritis in children (author's transl)].
AB  - The gastric mucosa in 113 children from 6 months to 14 years old was studied from
      a histopathological point of view. Samples were obtained by means of a multiple
      biopsy technique during an endoscopic examination. The patients were divided into
      two groups. Group A was composed of 97 children with abdominal pain of an unknown
      etiology. Group B was formed of 16 patients with extragastric pathology in whom
      it was possible to take biopsies during an endoscopic exam. All of the biopsies
      were normal, and therefore were used as the control group. 49 patients from group
      A were histologically normal. In the other 48, lesions of chronic gastritis
      ranging in severity, were found in the antrum and/or in the gastric body. An
      analysis of the histopathological findings, and of the lesional sings of activity
      was done in accordance with Whitehead's criteria. Macroscopic objective features
      observed during the endoscopical examinations, were also evaluated and compared
      with the existence or nonexistence of chronic gastritis lesions. In the gastric
      body, the existence of endoscopic features such as enlarged folds, erosions or
      friable mucosa, were found to be coincident with the presence of histologic
      lesions of chronic gastritis. The same relationship was found in the antrum
      between the granular mucosa and/or irregular coloration and the lesions of
      chronic gastritis. In the same time, acid secretion studies (BAO, MAO and PAO)
      from 40 patients from group A were done using pentagastrin as a stimulant. It was
      demonstrated that both basal acid output and maximal acid were significantly
      lowered in cases of advanced lesions of chronic gastritis located in the gastric
      body. Finally the importance of this entity is emphasized in the gastrointestinal
      pathology in children.

PMID- 697212
TI  - [Histochemical demonstration of acetylcholinesterase activity applied to the
      study of human biopsies. I. Rectal suction biopsy in the diagnosis of congenital
      megacolon].
AB  - The application of the histochemical demonstration of AChE activity to the
      diagnosis of congenital megacolon (Hirschsprung's disease) is discussed, both
      from the point of view of the technical aspects as well as the interpretation of
      the results obtained, using the method of Karnovsky and Roots, as modified by El
      Badawi-Schenk, applied to rectal suction biopsy. The authors adhere to the
      original ideas of Meier-Ruge et al., that the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease
      can be done solely with the evaluation of the AChE positive parasympathetic
      network of the lamina propria, with the additional consideration of the
      submucosal plexus to include cases of hypoganglionar megacolon, where that plexus
      is clearly diminished. The use of phase contrast is also emphasized.

PMID- 697213
TI  - [Fast atrial rhythms (author's transl)].
AB  - The authors present their experience on fast atrial rhythms. Fourteen patients
      were studied in the first three months of life, nine of them having congestive
      heart failure. The electrophysiological basis of the reentrance tachycardia at A
      V junction is discussed. The pharmacological treatment is reviewed, emphasizing
      the usefulness of verapamil. They comment on the good prognosis of the disorder,
      provided there is not associated congenital heart disease.

PMID- 697214
TI  - [Favism (study of 8 families)].
AB  - This paper presents ten cases of total glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD)
      deficiency in individuals with hemolytic crisis after exposure to products of the
      fava been ("Vicia faba"). Three other cases of total G-6-PD deficiency and eleven
      partial deficit cases of the enzyme, without associated hemolysis were detected
      in a total of forty individuals belonging to eight families of the province of
      Seville examinated for G-6-PD levels. Important differences were noted in the G-6
      PD enzyme dosage taken during the crisis and six and twelve months after. This
      fact was interpreted as a secondary effect to the elimination of the enzymopenic
      cells because of hemolysis. Data suggests the existence of a relatively stable
      form of G-6-PD that could explain the dissociation between the incidence of
      deficit in G-6-PD level in the general population and the reduced casuist of
      favism reported in our literature.

PMID- 697215
TI  - [Kinsbourne's disease. Study of four cases (author's transl)].
AB  - Four children who at ages from five months to three years developed an acute (one
      case), subacute (two cases) and chronic form (one case) clinical picture of
      ataxia, myoclonus, ocular dyskinesia and behaviour disorder are reported. In one
      of them there was, in addition mental retardation. Response to treatment with
      ACTH was successful. Clinical and evolutive characteristics of this process as
      well as the variety of ocular manifestations are emphasized.

PMID- 697216
TI  - [Congenital type I fiber hypotrophy myopathy (author's transl)].
AB  - Five cases with type I fiber hypotrophy myopathy from two families are reported.
      The first two cases belong to the type I fiber hypotrophy and central nuclei. Six
      cases have already been published. In addition to hypotonia, obvious thoracic
      anomalies are associated. The three other cases are members of the second sibship
      and belong to the type I fiber hypotrophy without central nuclei nor myothony and
      show the typical phenotypic characters: elongated face and adynamic appearance.
      Out of these three brothers, two show no progress and the other is getting worse
      slowly. The pathological findings together with the evolutive-clinic pattern of
      these patient are confronted with those published by other authors and sugestions
      are made to differentiate these two forms and to establish their relationships
      with the other types of congenital myopathies, mainly with centronuclear myopathy
      and congenital fiber type disproportion.

PMID- 697217
TI  - [Value of the C reactive protein, urinary lactic dehydrogenase and renal capacity
      of concentration in the topographic diagnosis of the urinary infection in infancy
      (author's transl)].
AB  - In 39 children with urinary infection renal capacity of concentration, serum C
      reactive protein and presence of urinary lactic dehydrogenase are studied
      pointing to the establishment of the topography of the damage. C-reactive protein
      levels higher than 20 micrograms/ml are 100 per 100 reliable in the diagnosis of
      pyelonephritis. Moreover, value of this test is confirmed as a guide of
      therapeutic efficacity. Difficulty of concentrating urine above 800 mOsm/l is 70
      per 100 reliable and is a useful method for demonstrating parenchymal damage. The
      urinary lactic dehydrogenase was superior to 20 units/l in 64 per 100 of the
      cases, but other studies are necessary for interpretation of these data. These
      findings are similar to those obtained in the study of the isoenzymes.

PMID- 697218
TI  - [Cystine-lysinuric lithiasis].
AB  - Cistin-lisinuria is not a unfrequent etiology of lithiasis in children. Six
      patients have been studied as well as their families, being a total of 45
      patients. Lithiasis was present in ten of our patients, and hyperaminoaciduria,
      without lithiasis in ten, affecting in both cases (with or without litiasis)
      either all the four amynoacide (cystine, lysine, arginine and ornithine) or only
      one or two of them. Authors have not found any correlation between clearance of
      cystine and the presence or absence of lithiasis; on the other hand the best
      index to correlate the presence of lithiasis is to reach a value, equal or
      superior to 300 mgr of cystine excreted in the urine per 1 gr of creatinine
      excreted in urine. The correct treatment in cystinuric patients with lithiasis is
      to alcalize the urine maintaining a constant urinary pH between 7-8, giving a
      sufficient dose of sodium bicarbonate per os. In case of resistance to this
      treatment or if a great calculi is present, D-penicillamine would be an efficient
      treatment to disolve the calculi. These treatment when carried out under
      analytical control presents no problems or complications in their experience.

PMID- 697219
TI  - [Secondary carbohydrate intolerance. Evolutive follow-up (author's transl)].
AB  - This study reports 70 children suffering from malabsorption and/or carbohydrate
      intolerance followed for at least twelve months. Mono and dysaccharide overload
      curves are considered as very valuable tests together with the clinical signs.
      These must be carefully observed during the tests and after supression of the
      malabsorbed sugar. Reliability of the overload tests in the follow-up is pointed
      out. Variations in the normalization time of the curves for each carbohydrate are
      determined. Finally 90 min. is considered as an advisable end-point for overload
      tests.

PMID- 697220
TI  - [Venous aneurysms of the neck in childhood (author's transl)].
AB  - Three children with four fusiform venous aneurysms in the neck are described. A
      correct referral clinical diagnosis had not been established in any of these
      children. The diagnosis should be made generally on the basis of the physical
      examination, including the test of the "digital pressure", which is particularly
      useful to rule out a laringocele. Three of the aneurysms have been treated by
      surgical removal. Histological examination showed microscopic changes which were
      related to the time elapsed since the mass was first noticed. Areas of thinning
      out and sclerosis of the venous wall were evident in one case. The patient with
      the remaining aneurysm is being followed closely.

PMID- 697221
TI  - Sequential radionuclide assessment of left and right ventricular performance
      after acute transmural myocardial infarction.
AB  - Ventricular performance was evaluated sequentially in 31 patients with
      uncomplicated acute transmural myocardial infarction (13 anterior and 18
      inferior). Left ventricular ejection fraction, ejection rate, regional wall
      motion, and right ventricular ejection fraction were ascertained using first-pass
      radionuclide angiocardiography on four occasions during hospitalization. Inferior
      infarction resulted in a greater reduction in right ventricular ejection fraction
      than anterior infarction (mean +/- SEM; 48 +/- 2 versus 56 +/- 2%, P less than
      0.01). In contrast, in anterior infarction there was greater depression of left
      ventricular ejection fraction than in inferior infarction (34 +/- 3 versus 50 +/-
      3%, P less than 0.01). From initial to discharge studies, there was no
      significant change in global performance or regional wall motion in either group.
      These data show that the location of transmural infarction has a profound effect
      upon the magnitude of right and left ventricular dysfunction. In addition,
      ventricular systolic performance remains relatively stable during the hospital
      phase of uncomplicated transmural myocardial infarction.

PMID- 697222
TI  - Effects of smoking marihuana on left ventricular performance and plasma
      norepinephrine: studies in normal men.
AB  - In 14 healthy men we assessed the effects of smoking marihuana cigarettes
      containing 6 mg of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on ultrasound measures of left
      ventricular function. Four of this group and four additional subjects also had
      measurements of plasma norepinephrine. Both heart rate and left ventricular
      performance (mean rate of internal diameter shortening [mean Vcf]) were
      significantly increased for at least 1 h after drug exposure compared with these
      values after placebo cigarettes. The immediate tachycardia and increase in mean
      Vcf were not accompanied by raised plasma norepinephrine levels. However, by 30
      min after marihuana exposure, sympathetic neurotransmitter levels were
      significantly greater than both control values and those after placebo
      cigarettes, and they remained elevated for at least 2 h. Excessive
      sympathoadrenal discharge, as evidenced by augmented left ventricular function
      and prolonged catecholamine release, could adversely affect patients with heart
      disease.

PMID- 697223
TI  - Tracheostomy and hemodynamic changes in sleep-inducing apnea.
AB  - Because pulmonary hypertension and systemic hypertension occur during sleep
      induced obstructive apnea, six patients underwent overnight hemodynamic
      monitoring before and after tracheostomy. Variables studied included heart rate,
      pulmonary artery pressure, femoral artery pressure, and arterial oxygen tension
      (Po2). After tracheostomy, significant reductions were noted during sleep in mean
      pulmonary artery pressure from 45 +/- 6 mm Hg (mean +/- SEM) to 22 +/- 2 mm Hg (P
      less than 0.05) and in mean femoral artery pressure from 137 +/- 6 mm Hg to 97 +/
      3 mm Hg (P less than 0.005). There was also a significant increase for the group
      in arterial Po2 recorded during the apneic episodes from 38 +/- 3 mm Hg before
      tracheostomy to 71 +/- 2 mm Hg (P less than 0.001) after tracheostomy. We
      conclude that tracheostomy improves the hemodynamic abnormalities and hypoxemia
      that occur during sleep in patients with sleep-induced obstructive apnea.

PMID- 697224
TI  - Bronchoalveolar lavage in interstitial lung disease.
AB  - Cellular and immunoglobulin components of bronchoalveolar fluid recovered by
      bronchoscopic lavage were evaluated in 32 control patients, 10 normal volunteers,
      and 60 patients with the following interstitial lung diseases: idiopathic
      pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis associated with collagen-vascular disease,
      eosinophilic granuloma, sarcoidosis, and hypersensitivity pneumonitis. The
      percentage of lymphocytes distinguished two general disease categories: those
      with increased lymphocytes (sarcoidosis and hypersensitivity pneumonitis); and
      those with normal lymphocytes (idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis
      associated with collagen-vascular disease, and eosinophilic granuloma). Patients
      in all five disease categories had elevated IgG levels and percentages of
      neutrophils compared with control patients, with the highest proportion of
      neutrophils found in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Immunoglobulin levels also
      helped distinguish among patient groups, in that patients with hypersensitivity
      pneumonitis had lavage IgG/albumin ratios greater than 1, whereas patients with
      sarcoidosis had ratios less than 1; and with infrequent exceptions, the finding
      of IgM in lavage fluid was limited to patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

PMID- 697225
TI  - Familial Turner syndrome.
AB  - Seven women in three generations of a family have been affected by Turner
      syndrome. Turner phenotype in this family is the result of deletion of the entire
      short arm of one X chromosome. The short arm deletion is transmitted by carriers
      of a balanced X-1 translocation. Autoradiographic findings showed that the
      deleted X chromosome was late labeling in those persons with Turner syndrome,
      whereas the normal X chromosome was late replicating in carriers of the balanced
      translocation. The results of Xga typing of erythrocytes suggest that the Xg
      locus is on the short arm of the X chromosome. Because of the clinical
      implications, we believe that families of persons with structural chromosomal
      abnormalities should be studied to exclude familial transmission.

PMID- 697226
TI  - Renal artery embolism: clinical features and long-term follow-up of 17 cases.
AB  - Spontaneous renal artery embolism is not rare, but a correct diagnosis and
      appropriate treatment are often delayed. Clinical features and follow-up of 17
      cases are reported. Cardiac disease or arrhythmias pre-existed in 16 patients.
      Initial symptoms included flank pain (seven cases), abdominal or chest pain alone
      (seven), and nausea and vomiting (eight). Fever (greater than or equal to 37.5
      degree C) occurred in 10 cases and flank tenderness in only eight. Laboratory
      findings included leukocytosis, proteinuria, hematuria, and elevated levels of
      lactic dehydrogenase, serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase, serum glutamic
      pyruvic transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase. Serum creatinine level exceeded
      1.3 mg/dl in 88% and 4.0 mg/dl in 65%; four patients required dialysis. The
      diagnosis, made by scintiscan, arteriography, or both was often delayed. Renal
      embolization was bilateral in seven patients and unilateral in 10, with serum
      creatinine level above 4.0 mg/dl in five of the latter. Emboli to other organs
      caused early death; cardiovascular disease led to later death. With
      anticoagulants, renal function returned in patients surviving more than 1 month,
      even those with bilateral emboli. Thus, renal embolism is recognizable if the
      disease is considered, and a favorable outcome is common with long-term
      anticoagulants.

PMID- 697227
TI  - Experimental zinc deficiency in humans.
AB  - The effects of a mild zinc-deficient state in humans were studied. Four male
      volunteers received restricted zinc intake for several weeks under strict
      metabolic conditions. As a result of dietary zinc restriction, a decrease in zinc
      concentration of plasma, erythrocytes, leukocytes, and urine was observed.
      Changes in the activities of zinc-dependent enzymes in the plasma such as
      alkaline phosphatase and ribonuclease were also related to the dietary zinc
      status. An adverse effect of zinc restriction on total protein, total collagen,
      ribonucleic acid, and the activity of deoxythymidine kinase (a zinc-dependent
      enzyme) in the sponge connective tissue of the two volunteers in whom this test
      was done was noted. During the zinc restriction period, the ammonia level in the
      plasma was elevated. Weight loss occurred in all subjects as a result of dietary
      zinc restriction. Inasmuch as the zinc-deficient state was mild, this study
      provides a basis for developing diagnostic criteria for zinc deficiency in
      humans.

PMID- 697228
TI  - Plasma zinc and copper in obesity and after intestinal bypass.
AB  - Plasma concentrations of zinc and copper were measured in 15 obese patients
      before intestinal bypass surgery, in 27 patients after intestinal bypass surgery,
      and in 52 lean control subjects. Preoperatively, the obese patients had zinc
      concentrations that were significantly lower than in the lean control subjects
      (76 +/- 3 versus 89 +/- 2 microgram/dl) (+/- SEM) and copper levels that were
      significantly higher (147 +/- 10 versus 119 +/- 3 microgram/dl). After intestinal
      bypass, plasma zinc and copper concentrations were significantly lower (zinc, 62
      +/- 2 microgram/dl; copper, 90 +/- 5 microgram/dl; P less than 0.001) than in
      prebypass patients. One patient developed leukopenia associated with a plasma
      copper concentration of 36 microgram/dl. Leukocyte count and plasma copper level
      rose with oral copper sulfate replacement therapy. Intestinal bypass surgery may
      produce clinically significant decreases in plasma concentrations of zinc and
      copper. Careful observation and replacement therapy are indicated in all patients
      who develop deficiences after intestinal bypass surgery.

PMID- 697229
TI  - Hepatitis from intravenous high-dose oxacillin therapy: findings in an adult
      inpatient population.
AB  - A retrospective review of all patients who received oxacillin intravenously in
      doses greater than 6 g/day was done. Eight patients in whom oxacillin-associated
      hepatitis developed were found and compared with a control group of 46 patients
      who had received high-dose oxacillin and in whom oxacillin-associated hepatitis
      did not develop. The latent period to development of typical symptoms of
      hepatitis varied from 2 to 21 days. Laboratory abnormalities were compatible with
      anicteric hepatitis and reverted to normal after withdrawal of the drug.
      Oxacillin hepatitis most like represents a hypersensitivity reaction. We
      recommend that routine liver chemistries be done regularly in all patients
      receiving high-dose intravenous oxacillin.

PMID- 697230
TI  - Bullets, lead poisoning and thyrotoxicosis.
AB  - A patient with a retained bullet developed lead poisoning in association with
      thyrotoxicosis. The clinical and laboratory data suggest that lead was mobilized
      from an increased mobile bone pool during the hypermetabolic period with
      resultant poisoning. The findings give factual support to earlier concepts that
      lead poisoning may occur during periods of metabolic change in an individual with
      an increased body lead burden.

PMID- 697231
TI  - The integrated gonadotrophin test.

PMID- 697232
TI  - Sella turcica enlargement and primary adrenal insufficiency.

PMID- 697233
TI  - Anti-A hemolytic transfusion with packed O cells.

PMID- 697234
TI  - Nail pigmentation with daunorubicin therapy.

PMID- 697235
TI  - Infective endocarditis cured by resection of a tricuspid valve vegetation.

PMID- 697236
TI  - Immunity in Hodgkin's disease: importance of age at exposure.
AB  - A relatively common viral agent of low virulence and infectivity might be of
      etiologic importance in Hodgkin's disease. Age at initial exposure is a major
      determinant of the outcome of infection (immunity versus clinical disease) and
      the different epidemiologic patterns for this lymphoma observed internationally.
      Early exposure, particularly when it occurs in persons from high birth ranks, is
      associated with a relatively durable immunity. In contrast a delay in initial
      exposure, also mediated by family factors, results in higher clinical disease-to
      immunity ratio. The large male excess in childhood Hodgkin's disease might be due
      to some sex-linked environmental factor operating early in life and the greater
      frequency of an asymptomatic carrier state in this sex.

PMID- 697237
TI  - Hypothermia.

PMID- 697238
TI  - After Bakke.

PMID- 697239
TI  - Anglo-American views of health and the family.

PMID- 697240
TI  - Grain dust and health. IV. Health surveillance programs.

PMID- 697241
TI  - Combination chemotherapy for primary amyloidosis reconsidered.

PMID- 697242
TI  - Carcinoembryonic antigen and monitoring of metastatic colorectal carcinoma.

PMID- 697243
TI  - Influenza immunization and lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 697244
TI  - Lacrimation and 5-fluorouracil.

PMID- 697246
TI  - Septic bursitis.

PMID- 697245
TI  - Antifungal therapy for candidal meningitis.

PMID- 697247
TI  - Septic bursitis.

PMID- 697248
TI  - Septicemia and chronic hemodialysis.

PMID- 697249
TI  - Striped nails.

PMID- 697250
TI  - Asthma and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

PMID- 697251
TI  - Diabetes control, fibrinogen, and hemoglobin A 1a-c.

PMID- 697252
TI  - Thyroiditis and alkaline phosphatase.

PMID- 697253
TI  - Organophosphorus poisoning.

PMID- 697254
TI  - Physostigmine dose for tricyclic drug overdose.

PMID- 697255
TI  - [A model of biological structure adequate for a dynamic organicist concept of
      psychiatry].
AB  - A "dynamic organicist" conception of the psychiatry is credible only with a
      pattern of biological encephalic structure corresponding with the complexity and
      lability of the psychology and psychopathology features. The author reports the
      results of researches of his group by electron microscopy concerning the human
      cerebral cortex, permitting to elaborate adequate pattern. The encephalic
      structures are very complex, changeable, labile, therefor her variations can
      correspond with the "psychologics" variations.

PMID- 697256
TI  - [Miguel or his rupture. Discussion of a person injured at work. Reflections on
      traumatic neuroses].

PMID- 697257
TI  - [Problem of parental relations in determining certain crimes, or absence of a
      father figure and transition to the antisocial act].

PMID- 697258
TI  - [Psychiatry in Norway].

PMID- 697259
TI  - [Several exhibitionists].

PMID- 697260
TI  - [Contingent negative variation in psychiatry].

PMID- 697261
TI  - Stability of R plasmids belonging to different incompatibility groups in Vibrio
      cholerae "Eltor".
AB  - Twenty two resistance plasmids belonging to fourteen incompatibility groups have
      been transferred by conjugation into two sensitive strains of Vibrio cholerae
      "Eltor". Only five plasmids were stably inherited in these strains: four of these
      belong to group incC, and one to group incJ. All other plasmids were lost at high
      frequency when the bacteria were grown in drug-free medium. These facts might
      explain why very few multiresistant strains of V. cholerae have been isolated so
      far but do not exclude the possibility that epidemics of V. cholerae carrying
      pecular R plasmids might be observed in the future.

PMID- 697262
TI  - Antimicrobial susceptibility of rhamnose-positive Yersinia enterocolitica.
AB  - Agar dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests were carried out against
      rhamnose-positive Y. enterocolitica strains isolated from various origins. All
      the strains were susceptible to aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, tetracycline,
      minocycline, rifampicin, trimethprim and sulfamethoxazole. All but two strains
      were susceptible to polymyxin. Resistnace to ampicillin, carbenicillin and
      cephalothin was noted with the majority of the strains.

PMID- 697263
TI  - A study of the difference in chromium exposure in workers in two types of
      electroplating process.

PMID- 697264
TI  - Plasma nickel as a primary index of exposure in nickel refining.

PMID- 697265
TI  - Isocyanates and respiratory function: a study of workers producing polyurethane
      foam moulding.

PMID- 697266
TI  - The effect of toxic particles on the electrophysiology of macrophage.

PMID- 697267
TI  - The endogenous iron content, by Mossbauer spectroscopy, of human lungs--II. Lungs
      from various occupational groups.

PMID- 697268
TI  - The generation and characterization of welding fumes for toxicological
      investigations.

PMID- 697269
TI  - Modified double filter method for the measurement of radon or thoron in air.

PMID- 697270
TI  - Response to atmospheric humidity at comfortable air temperature: a comparison of
      three experiments.

PMID- 697271
TI  - Working in cold environments--lessons to be learned from diving.

PMID- 697272
TI  - The development of laser codes of practice and maximum permissible exposure
      levels.

PMID- 697273
TI  - Radiological safety by design--V. An inspector's viewpoint with reference to the
      design of gamma radiographic equipment.

PMID- 697274
TI  - A method for sampling and analysing mercury vapour in the breathing zone of
      workers.

PMID- 697275
TI  - Use of 1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane for the quantitative determination of
      mineral oil air sample concentrations by u.v. absorption.

PMID- 697276
TI  - The role of cryotherapy in the management of early lesions of retinoblastoma.
AB  - Cryotherapy alone has destroyed as isolated retinoblastoma lesion in the fellow
      eye of a proven case of retinoblastoma. Follow-up for 14 months revealed no
      evidence of recurrence. Literature review has shown that cryotherapy has unique
      advantages in the treatment of retinoblastomas.

PMID- 697277
TI  - Ocular abnormality in myotonic dystrophy.
AB  - A 61-year-old white woman with terminal myotonic dystrophy exhibited advanced
      peripheral and central retinopathy. Retinal lesions were characterized by
      hyperpigmentation, common, though nonspecific, in myotonic dystrophy. They
      resemble both heredo (tapetoretinal) and idiopathic involutional degenerations
      but rarely cause severe visual impairment. Neither the type nor degree of
      retinopathy appears to correlate with other ocular features or with the stage of
      the underlying disease. Our histologic observations confirm and extend those
      previously described. Electron microscopy suggests a primary disorder of
      mitochondria which may also affect smooth muscle and the myocardium.

PMID- 697278
TI  - Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease mimicking ocular myasthenia gravis.
AB  - The purpose of this report is to alert the ophthalmologist and neurologist to the
      fact that intermittent ocular symptoms may herald the onset of chronic
      progressive external ophthalmoplegia and therefore resemble the weakness produced
      by myasthenia gravis. In addition, chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia
      may complicate the course of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.

PMID- 697279
TI  - Responsiveness of the rabbit eye to adrenergic and cholinergic agonists after
      treatment with 6-hydroxydopamine or alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine: Part I--Pupillary
      changes.
AB  - The responses of rabbit pupils to graded doses of both adrenergic and cholinergic
      drugs after chemical sympathectomy with 6-hydroxydopamine have been examined. For
      comparison, similar data were obtained in rabbits treated chronically with the
      norepinephrine synthesis inhibitor, alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine. While
      quantitative differences were apparent, the effects of these 2 treatments were
      qualitatively similar. In both cases, a marked reduction in the responsiveness of
      the iris to cholinergic agonists accompanied the development of supersensitivity
      to adrenergic amines.

PMID- 697280
TI  - Considerations on epinephrine therapy in glaucoma.

PMID- 697281
TI  - Unusual course and long-term follow-up in malignant glaucoma.
AB  - One man and 2 women, aged 67, 63 and 68 years, observed for 8, 6, and 2 years,
      developed a classical postoperative malignant glaucoma. After a second operation,
      the use of atropine drops was continued for 2 years in one case, whereas in the
      other 2 cases miotics and later acetazolamide (Diamox) were necessary in order to
      maintain normal intraocular pressure. All 3 patients refused a preventive
      operation in the fellow eye and the use of miotics proved both necessary and
      effective in maintaining normal intraocular pressure, normal visual acuity, and
      normal visual fields.

PMID- 697282
TI  - Peripheral photocoagulation in the treatment of disc neovascularization.
AB  - Forty-two eyes in 30 patients with disc neovascularization were treated by the
      method of extensive photocoagulation of the retinal periphery (ablation). Total
      obliteration of disc neovascularization was accomplished in 76% of eyes treated.
      Partial regression was noted in 21% of eyes treated. There were only 2 major
      complications--traction retinal detachment and one major hemorrhage--in this
      series. Feeder-frond treatment was necessary to obliterate recurrent disc
      neovascularization in 2 eyes. It is concluded that therapy is efficacious in the
      treatment of papillary neovascularization.

PMID- 697283
TI  - Trabeculectomy.
AB  - Trabeculectomy as first choice of treatment has been performed on 100 consecutive
      cases in Africans. During the follow-up period ranging from 2 to 12 months, 79
      eyes had a postoperative intraocular pressure of less than 21 mm Hg without any
      antiglaucomatous medications. Fourteen eyes operated upon (14%) had a
      postoperative intraocular pressure between 22 and 26 mm Hg. Seven cases (7%)
      showed an intraocular pressure higher than 28 mm Hg. Hypotony and hyphema
      encountered in 8 cases were a minor postoperative complication. Protrusion of the
      iris in the surgical wound occurring in 2 cases was a major complication. A
      correlation between the intraocular pressure one week and 28 weeks
      postoperatively showed that in most cases the intraocular pressure was higher
      after the longer follow-up. However, out of a group of 25 eyes operated upon
      showing an intraocular pressure of 14 mm Hg or less, one week postoperatively,
      only one eye (4%) showed an intraocular pressure higher than 20 mm Hg on the
      longer follow-up.

PMID- 697284
TI  - Late hyphema due to vascularization of the cataract wound.
AB  - Nineteen patients with hyphema due to fibrovascular tissue in the cataract wound
      were seen. In 3 patients the hyphema occurred after closure of an unitentional
      filtering bleb. Two patients receiving anticoagulants before and after the
      hyphema occurred did not have recurrence of the bleeding. In one patient the
      hyphema was induced by scleral depression. This benign condition is frequently
      misdiagnosed. When erythrocytes are seen in the anterior chamber of an aphakic
      patient, vascularization of the cataract wound should be suspected and confirmed
      by gonioscopy.

PMID- 697285
TI  - Keratoconus and atopic diseases.
AB  - In a survey of 162 keratoconus patients, we set out to investigate individual
      conditions, such as asthma, hay fever, connective tissue syndromes, and eye
      rubbing, and to determine their relationship of keratoconus. It was found that
      the prevalence of asthma rises from 0.4% to 1% in the control group to 17.9% in
      the keratoconus group, or an eighteenfold increase. In addition, the incidence of
      hay fever in keratoconus patients was found to be 35.7%. As multifactorial
      disorders, keratoconus and asthma may share some of the multiple genes necessary
      for the expression of the disorder. Previous findings of excessive eye rubbing in
      keratoconus patients were confirmed in this study. Finally, we found that the
      incidence of connective tissue disorders associated with keratoconus was
      negligible.

PMID- 697286
TI  - Burns of the eyes and eyelids.
AB  - One hundred and ten lid and eye burn cases are reviewed in a series of 552 severe
      body burn cases. The causes, location, handling, and end results of these cases
      are described.

PMID- 697287
TI  - [Description of P. cyclopsi n. sp. a parasite of the microchiropteran bat
      Hipposideros cyclops in Gabon (author's transl)].
AB  - P. cyclopsi sp. nov. is characterized by the small size of the asexual stages and
      by gametocytes belonging to the type "malariae". It is related to P. anomaluri
      and the hosts of both species share the same habitat: hollow trees of the
      tropical forest. By the ancientness of its vertebrate host and its relationship
      with the "malariae" group of Haemosporidia P. cyclopsi is interpreted as a
      primitive species.

PMID- 697288
TI  - [The reconstitution of the digestive epithelium in Lymnaea (Galba) truncatula
      Muller infested by larval forms of Fasciola hepatica L (author's transl)].
AB  - In L. truncatula at the end of parasitic cycle, the reconstitution of the
      digestive gland consists in development of peripheral tubules with strait
      diameters. The tubular epithelium--like stomach and intestine epithelia--show
      cellular hyperplasia with anisocaryosis. The cellular activity--normal at first-
      increases then along the infestation period.

PMID- 697289
TI  - [Life cycle of the trematode Echinostoma caproni Richard, 1964
      (Echinostomatoidea) (author's transl)].
AB  - The life cycle of the Trematode Echinostomatoidea Echinostoma caproni Richard,
      1964, develops under natural conditions in Madagascar in a bird Falco newtoni and
      in a Gastropod Biomphalaria pfeifferi. Metacercaries encyst in other Molluscs and
      in the kidney of an Amphibian Ptychadaena mascareniensis. The cycle has been
      reproduced experimentaly in France. The defivitive hosts are the white mouse, the
      rat and the chick. Biomphalaria galbrata is the first and the second intermediate
      host. Metacercaries encyst in different Molluscs and in the kidney of tadpoles of
      Rana esculenta. The larval stages are described. The cycle pattern and the
      morphology of larval stages are quite similar to those of Echinostoma liei
      Jeyarasasingam and coll., 1972.

PMID- 697290
TI  - [Neoparasitylenchus megabothridis n. sp. (Tylenchida: Allantonematidae) parasite
      of Megabothris tubidus (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae); observations on fleas
      tylenchides in the S.W. of Europa (author's transl)].
AB  - A number of nematodes (Tylenchida, Allantonematidae) were observed in 11 species
      of Siphonaptera from the South-West of Europe. The fleas belong of 4 differents
      families (Pulicidae, Vermipsyllidae,Hystrichopsyllidae, Ceratophyllidae).
      Neoparasitylenchus megabothridis n. sp., parasite of the flea Megabothris
      turbidus (Rothschild, 1909), is described and the life cycle given. It shows
      little pathogenicity to tis host. Psyllotylenchus sp. parasite of Nosopsyllus
      fasciatus (Bosc, 1801), appears to be a teratogenic and causes a feminisation of
      parasitised males and a masculinisation of females. A generic determination
      cannot be made with any certainty in the material collected from others fleas.

PMID- 697291
TI  - [A new Typhloceras from Catalonia (author's transl)].
AB  - T. favosus claramuntae, parasitic on the shrew Crocidura russula russula is
      described from Isle Meda Gran, Girona (Spain). This subspecies can be separated
      by morphology and chaetotaxy of sternit VIII. Only the male is actually known.

PMID- 697292
TI  - [Cattle onchocerca of Western Africa, O. dukei, found in Zambia].

PMID- 697293
TI  - [Study of several specimen of animal onchocerca collected by Dr. Le Roux in
      Eastern Africa].

PMID- 697294
TI  - [Description of the infective stage of Onchocerca cervicalis R. et H., 1910 ].

PMID- 697295
TI  - Telford Memorial Lecture, 1978. The patient with cancer and his doctor.

PMID- 697296
TI  - Repair in acute and chronic ulcers.
AB  - The process of ulcer healing is still incompletely understood and the cause of
      delayed healing in chronic ulcers is unknown. The work described here is
      concerned with certain aspects of epithelial repair in experimental ulcers--that
      is, mitotic activity, cell migration, and cell re-establishment with
      differentiation, using light and electron microscopy. The findings have been
      compared with similar observations on human gastric and venous ulcers. The
      results have shown that increased mitotic activity and attempted cell migration
      are able to persist throughout epithelialisation of experimental lesions and that
      the chronicity of human ulcers cannot be explained by a lack of new epthelial
      cell production or failure of these cells to assume a migratory form. Some other
      basic defect in the healing process must therefore be present.

PMID- 697297
TI  - Fibreoptic choledochoscopy in common bile duct surgery.
AB  - Fibreoptic choledochoscopy permits visual examination of the interior of the bile
      ducts during operations for gallstones. But it does not replace operative
      cholangiography, and the common bile duct should not be opened simply to perform
      choledochoscopy. Operative choledochoscopy following conventional exploration and
      removal of stones ensures that the ducts are clear before insertion of a T tube
      and closure, avoiding the problem of the retained stone. Exploratory
      choledochoscopy with stone retrieval under direct vision is less traumatic to the
      ducts than conventional blind methods, and visual confirmation that the lower end
      of the duct is clear and the papilla patent may allow the common bile duct to be
      closed without a T tube, shortening the patient's convalescent period.

PMID- 697298
TI  - Incisional treatment of obstruction of the female bladder neck.
AB  - Obstruction of the female bladder neck has been treated in 9 cases by
      endourethral incision of the bladder neck anteriorly through an operating nasal
      speculum with very satisfactory results which compare very favourably with those
      of Y-V plastic reconstruction of the bladder neck in 8 similar cases. The
      advantages of the incisional technique are simplicity of the procedure, shorter
      operative time and postoperative stay, and absence of the need for blood
      transfusion; its complication rate is very low and the procedure may be repeated
      if necessary.

PMID- 697299
TI  - Role of resection in typhoid perforation.
AB  - Typhoid perforation is a surgical emergency and the treatment should be prompt
      and energetic; the role of conservative treatment is limited. The surgical
      procedure depends on the general health of the patient and the extent of ileum
      involved. Resection is preferable, but lesser procedures have their place in
      appropriate cases. Indecision kills; so does undue delay. The mortality in active
      intervention is low.

PMID- 697300
TI  - [The place of sealed prosthesis in the treatment of cervico-trochanteric
      fractures of the femur (author's transl)].

PMID- 697301
TI  - [Hoffa's fractures. Report of 20 cases (author's transl)].

PMID- 697302
TI  - [About rectal and sigmoidis villous tumours (author's transl)].

PMID- 697303
TI  - [Large irreducible diaphragmatic hernias. Anatomical considerations and surgical
      approach (author's transl)].

PMID- 697304
TI  - [Recurrent pilonidal sinus. Report of 150 cases (author's transl)].

PMID- 697305
TI  - [The use of a surgical technic in the treatment of hiatal hernias].

PMID- 697306
TI  - Significance of blood cadmium concentrations in patients with renal disorders or
      essential hypertension and the normal population.
AB  - Cadmium concentrations in whole blood have been determined in normal control
      subjects, in patients with untreated essential hypertension or with treated
      essential hypertension, and in those with acute or chronic renal disorders. High
      cadmium concentrations were not found in the patients with untreated essential
      hypertension. Most tobacco smokers were found to have high blood cadmium
      concentrations. When the mean cadmium concentrations from each group of patients
      were compared with those of the control subjects no significant differences were
      found. When the four groups were divided into smokers and non-smokers, however, a
      significantly higher mean value was found for the non-smoking renal patients in
      comparison with the non-smoking normal subjects. The marked increases in blood
      cadmium concentration in the patients with renal disorders may be attributed to
      impaired excretion.

PMID- 697307
TI  - Excretory patterns of urinary free 11-hydroxycorticosteroids and total oestrogens
      throughout the normal menstrual cycle.
AB  - The excretion of urinary free 11-hydroxycorticosteroids and total oestrogens was
      studied daily in morning urine specimens throughout the menstrual cycle of six
      normal women (age range 18-24 years). The follicular phase of the cycle was
      characterised by apparently random fluctuations in the excretion of urinary free
      corticosteroids. However, after the mid-cycle oestrogen peak there occurred a
      significant drop in corticosteroid excretion, which then rose to a peak eight to
      10 days after ovulation and was synchronous with the second oestrogen peak during
      the luteal phase.

PMID- 697308
TI  - Scottish Immunoassay Support Service Quality Control scheme for thyroxine,
      triiodothyronine, and digoxin assays: analysis of first 18 months' experience.

PMID- 697309
TI  - Discrepancies in thyroxine measurement in pregnancy between radioimmunoassay and
      competitive protein binding (Oxford StaT4).
AB  - The StaT4 test is a technically simple test of thyroxine measurement, which
      apparently gives results in good agreement with those derived by radioimmunoassay
      in most patients. In pregnancy, however, falsely low serum thyroxine values were
      found with the StaT4 test when compared with either a radioimmunoassay or the
      Thyopac-4 test. Detailed studies showed that the discrepancy resulted from the
      extraction technique used in the StaT4 test, which appears to allow the patient's
      thyroxine binding proteins to remain in the assay system. Similar method
      discrepancies were observed in other clinical conditions associated with elevated
      thyroxine binding globulin concentration. This study, as well as being of
      practical clinical importance, has implications for the design of competitive
      protein binding tests of thyroid function.

PMID- 697310
TI  - Determination of the proportion of cholesteryl ester in plasma.

PMID- 697311
TI  - Measurement of acetate in aqueous solutions and plasma by gas phase
      chromatography using a porous polymer stationary phase.
AB  - A method of acetate determination by gas phase chromatography using a porous
      polymer stationary phase is reported that is suitable for use with aqueous and
      plasma samples. It is linear up to 100 mmol/l and has a coefficient of variation
      of less than 4% for acetate values of greater than 1 mmol/l. The recovery of
      acetate from plasma is 92% and sample retention time is 3 minutes. The reference
      range of plasma acetate in a group of 40 apparently healthy subjects was from
      less than 0.1 to 0.35 mmol/l. The frequently encountered problem of absorption
      and ghosting of volatile fatty acids is overcome without the addition of formic
      acid vapour to the carrier gas.

PMID- 697312
TI  - An inexpensive peak height reader for use with continuous flow systems.

PMID- 697313
TI  - An on-line work scheduling and ward requesting pattern information system.
AB  - The organisational efficiency of sample admission to the routine laboratory and
      the allocation to test methods has been improved by a scheduling system based on
      an on-line mini-computer. A flexible system has been constructed using multiple
      visual displays, which produce work allocation lists. Computer techniques have
      been developed which enable maximal use of the on-line system while retaining the
      general flexibility of high-level language coding, as implemented on an
      unsophisticated 12-bit processor. The file structure has been designed to provide
      cumulative information on the requesting patterns appropriate to any of the many
      sources of samples to the laboratory, and to allow the automatic merging of
      worksheet and laboratory data, the latter being generated and transmitted from a
      second mini-computer system.

PMID- 697314
TI  - An assessment of hospital routine urinalysis.

PMID- 697315
TI  - Induction of suppressor cells in mice by cyclophosphamide.
AB  - The injection of a single sublethal dose of cyclophosphamide (CY) into adult
      C3H/He mice induced splenic atrophy followed by considerable hypertrophy. During
      the phase of splenomegaly, the in vitro reactivity of spleen cells to the
      mitogens phytohaemagglutin and lipopolysaccharide was drastically decreased.
      Furthermore, the spleen cell population from CY-treated mice contained suppressor
      cells capable of inhibiting the in vitro reactivity of normal lymphocytes to
      these mitogens. After the removal of adherent cells, the suppressive activity was
      completely absent from the remaining fraction. The suppressive activity was also
      abolished after treatment of spleen cells with anti-immunoglobulin antiserum plus
      complement (C). After treatment with anti-Thy 1-2 antiserum plus C, the
      suppressive activity was not modified. Nude mice, B mice, young and old NZB mice,
      also developed suppressor cells with similar functional characteristics when
      treated with CY. However, in Nude mice the suppressor cells were not adherent and
      did not bear surface Ig. After fractionation of spleen cells by velocity
      sedimentation, the suppressive activity was detected in the fastest fraction with
      a velocity over 5 mm/h.

PMID- 697316
TI  - The effect of a water soluble adjuvant on the immune response to synthetic
      polypeptides.
AB  - The effect of a water soluble adjuvant (WSA) extracted from mycobacteria on the
      immune response to synthetic polypeptides has been studied in rabbits and inbred
      mice. WSA increased the antibody response of rabbits to the synthetic polypeptide
      poly(Tyr,Glu)-poly(DLAla)--poly(Lys) designated (T,G)-A--L when injected together
      with either incomplete or complete Freund's adjuvants (FIA or FCA). As compared
      to the respective controls, the effect of WSA was more pronounced when injected
      with FIA. No detectable antibody titre was observed in rabbits immunized with
      (T,G)-A--L and WSA administered in an aqueous medium. WSA had no enhancing
      adjuvant effect on the antibody response of C3H.SW high responder mice to (T,G)-A
      -L when given either with FIA or with FCA. However, the antibody titres of
      C3H/HeJ and SJL low responder mice to (T,G)-A--L were increased by WSA when
      injected in combination with FIA or FCA. The immune responses of mice to two
      other synthetic polypeptides poly(Phe,Glu)-poly(DLAla)--poly(Lys), designated
      (Phe,G)-A--L, and poly-(Tyr,Glu)-poly(Pro)--poly(Lys), designated (T,G)-Pro--L,
      were not affected by the addition of WSA. Thus, WSA "corrects" selectively the
      genetic defect of low responder mice to synthetic antigens.

PMID- 697317
TI  - Stimulated lymph node lymphocytes release a plasminogen activator.

PMID- 697318
TI  - [The rabbit's appendix: an immunological model applied to the study of epithelial
      immunity (author's transl)].
AB  - The rabbit's appendix is a pecular lympho-epithelial formation as it includes
      both areas of thymus-dependent lymphocytes (the interpolated sieved lamina) and
      non-thymus-dependent lymph nodes. The epithelium joining the intestine lumen and
      the lymphatic tissue contains cells that become permeable at the contact of
      lymphocytes. These "tranformed" enterocytes are crossed by antigenic molecules,
      bacteria, yeasts and evolutive forms of coccidia. Lymphocytes within--as well as
      reticular cells below the epithelium--catch large molecules, especially antigens,
      thus having a share in humoral immunity. Just as those of the intestine, the
      enterocytes of the appendix glandular area are informed at the level of the areas
      of epithelial mitosis and become resistant to certain infections such as
      coccidosis. This particular form of immunity we have named "epithelial immunity".
      Thick sections provide ultrastructural views physically showing information
      exchanges. Intercellular exchange by contiguous endoplasmic reticular canaliculi
      at the interface of two cells have thus been demonstrated. They have been as
      clearly observed between two epithelial cells at between two cells of connective
      origin and again between an epiethelial cell and a lymphocyte.

PMID- 697319
TI  - Interference between two immune responses. II.--Conferrability by the serum of
      the influences exerted by a response to horse RBC on the subsequent response to
      sheep RBC in the mouse.
AB  - Serum taken from mice responding to HoRBC and given to syngeneic mice influences
      the kinetics of a subsequent anti-SRBC response. The serum taken at the 36th of
      the anti-HoRBC response exerts after transfer an accelerating effect on the anti
      SRBC response while this of the 7th day has an inhibitory effect. Both effects
      are especially demonstrative on mice irradiated and restored with spleen cells
      from a single donor because of the low variation coefficient of their anti-SRBC
      response.

PMID- 697321
TI  - Transaqueous diffusion of acetylcholine to denervated iris sphincter muscle: a
      mechanism for the tonic pupil syndrome (Adie syndrome).
AB  - The accepted hypothesis for the pathophysiology of tonic pupil syndrome (Adie
      syndrome) was reexamined in light of recent developments concerning denervation
      supersensitivity of cholinergically innervated smooth muscle. Kinetic analysis
      suggests that enzymatic hydrolysis is unimportant relative to convective
      diffusion in the turnover of acetylcholine in the aqueous humor. We postulate
      that the greater response to near stimuli than to light stimuli and the delay in
      iris sphincter contraction and relaxation can be explained by release of
      acetylcholine from the neuromuscular junction of the ciliary muscle followed by
      transaqueous diffusion to receptor sites on denervated, supersensitive iris
      sphincter muscle.

PMID- 697320
TI  - [Delayed local reaction (DLR) after BCG vaccination in mice. II.--Correlations
      with the immune response (author's transl)].
AB  - The occurrence and intensity of the DLR were correlated with different parameters
      of the specific and non-specific immune response induced by the inoculation of
      viable BCG into the footpad. A good parallel exists between the occurrence of the
      DRL and effector mechanisms which tend to limit the growth of BCG in the draining
      node, and also with the appearance of tuberculin hypersensitivity measured in
      vivo by skin-test. Nonspecific immunity induced in mice after subcutaneous BCG
      injection was measured using the relative spleen weight, and this correlates well
      with the onset of the DLR. Delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) to varying doses
      of sheep red blood cells (SRBC) injected intravenously in normal or in
      subcutaneously BCG-pretreated mice indicated a functional increase of the
      reticuloendothelial system activity, 14 days after BCG injection. Lastly, the
      degree of adjuvanticity induced by BCG vaccination to DTH against SRBC which were
      injected in the same footpad, was strictly correlated with the kinetics of the
      DLR. The value of measuring DLR in mice is discussed concerning the evaluation of
      the immunogenicity of BCG vaccines and slso the host's capability to mount an
      immune response after subcutaneous BCG injection.

PMID- 697322
TI  - Pseudoxanthoma elasticum: a review of neurological complications.
AB  - A case of pseudoxanthoma elasticum with multisystem involvement is described.
      Neurological complications, as reported in the literature, are reviewed. These
      include cerebrovascular insufficiency, multiple lacunar infarcts, aneurysms,
      subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhages, progressive intellectual
      deterioration, and psychic and mental disturbance which may be due to cortical
      atrophy. Seizures occur more frequently than in the general population.
      Hypertension and alteration of cerebral vessels are the two basic
      pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for the neurological complications of
      this disease.

PMID- 697323
TI  - Nemaline (rod) myopathy: the need for histochemical evaluation of affected
      families.
AB  - Histochemical changes in the mother of a patient with nemaline myopathy were used
      to identify her as the gene carrier even though rod-bodies were not present in
      her muscle biopsy and she was not weak. The patient and her mother both had
      marked type I fiber predominance with large groups of type I fibers present.
      Histochemical changes known to occur in nemaline myopathy include smallness and
      predominance of type I fibers. Such changes support the concept that this disease
      may result from subtle defects in innervation since fiber types are determined by
      innervation. Although this disease is thought to be transmitted by autosomal
      dominant mode, lack of male-to-male transmission and a predominance of female
      cases in the literature suggest that this may be (1) an X-linked dominant, (2) a
      sex-influenced autosomal dominant, or (3) an autosomal dominant which is
      semilethal in males. The family described here is the first in which a presumably
      affected parent showed only the histochemical change without rod-bodies, thus
      emphasizing the importance of histochemical evaluation of relatives' biopsies for
      genetic counseling.

PMID- 697324
TI  - Computed tomography in late-infantile metachromatic leukodystrophy.
AB  - Computed tomography of 2 patients with late-infantile metachromatic
      leukodystrophy (MLD) demonstrated generalized white matter lucency and moderate
      ventricular enlargement. CAT scan findings in other white matter diseases likely
      to be confused clinically with MLD are sufficiently dissimilar to allow
      differentiation.

PMID- 697325
TI  - Radiation myelopathy in children.
AB  - Three children, 1 with medulloblastoma, 1 with anaplastic cerebellar tumor, and 1
      with acute lymphocytic leukemia, received craniospinal irradiation with an
      estimated cord dose between 1,100 and 1,200 rets. All 3 patients after a latent
      period of seven to eight months developed subacute transverse myelopathy. The
      myelopathy was cervical in 2 patients and thoracic in 1. Spinal fluid examination
      showed high protein levels in 2 patients. Myelography demonstrated a swollen cord
      in 2 patients and normal appearance in 1. Autopsy in 1 patient disclosed a
      necrotizing myelopathy. The findings suggest that children tolerate less well
      than adults what previously have been considered safe doses of radiation to the
      spinal cord.

PMID- 697326
TI  - The prognosis of acute and subacute transverse myelopathy based on early signs
      and symptoms.
AB  - Fifty-two patients with acute and subacute transverse myelopathy (TM) were
      evaluated at the Massachusetts General Hospital between 1955 and 1975 and
      followed for 1 to 23 years (average, 5). Nineteen had symptoms of a recent acute
      infectious illness, 3 had cancer, and 1 had undergone a recent operation. There
      were four types of initial symptom. Twenty-four patients had paresthesias at the
      onset of the illness, 18 had pain, usually interscapular, 7 had leg weakness, and
      3 had urine retention. Prognosis depended on the nature of the onset of TM. An
      acute catastrophic onset was generally associated with back pain and led to a
      poor outcome in 7 and a good outcome in only 1 of 11 patients. A subacute
      progressive onset over several days to four weeks, generally with ascending
      paresthesias or leg weakness, was associated with a good outcome in 15 and fair
      outcome in 17 of 37 patients. Preceding febrile illness, treatment with
      corticosteroids, and the nature of CSF abnormalities had no effect on outcome.
      Multiple sclerosis evolved in 7 patients during the follow-up period. Because of
      the frequency with which mass lesions were missed, the need for myelography in
      the diagnosis of TM is emphasized. The distinguishing clinical characteristics of
      TM provide guidelines for diagnosis and prognosis.

PMID- 697327
TI  - Predictive control of eye movements in Parkinson disease.
AB  - Four parkinsonian patients who had shown evidence of an impairment of predictive
      manual control and 4 age-matched normal subjects were tested for the predictive
      control of eye movements. Subjects tracked a target with their eyes as it moved
      in either irregular "noise" or regular (predictable) linear ramp or sine
      waveforms. Eye movements were monitored by electrooculography, and the overall
      tracking time lag for each condition was determined by cross-correlation. Both
      normal and parkinsonian subjects showed prediction in eye tracking on the regular
      waveforms (zero time lag or anticipation of the target track), indicating that
      (1) the parkinsonian loss of predictive control in manual tasks is not due to
      defective control of eye movements, and (2) there may be separate predictor
      mechanisms in the brain for eyes and hands.

PMID- 697328
TI  - Cerebral carbohydrate metabolism during hypoglycemia and anoxia in newborn rats.
AB  - The cerebral metabolic responses to perinatal hypoglycemia and anoxia were
      studied in newborn rats given regular insulin (30 units per kilogram of body
      weight). Animals were observed for up to 2 hours with no apparent ill effects in
      spite of blood glucose concentrations of 0.75 mmol per liter. When exposed to
      100% nitrogen at 37 degrees C, hypoglycemic animals survived only one-tenth as
      long as littermate controls with normal blood glucose levels (4.7 mmol/L).
      Pretreatment of hypoglycemic rats with glucose (10 mmol/kg) 10 and 30 minutes
      prior to nitrogen exposure nearly completely reversed the anoxic vulnerability.
      Hypoglycemia led to progressive reductions in cerebral glycogen and glucose;
      however, only glucose reverted to normal levels 20 minutes after systemic glucose
      administration. The glycolytic intermediates glucose 6-phosphate and lactate were
      also lower during hypoglycemia. Brain glucose levels below 0.1 mmol per kilogram
      were associated with a disrupted cerebral energy state, reflected by declines in
      phosphocreatine (33%) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (10%). Cerebral energy
      utilization (metabolic rate) was minimally reduced (-7.2%) by hypoglycemia and
      returned to the control value (2.36 mmol approximately P/kg/min) with glucose
      treatment. The cerebral energy reserves ATP, adenosine diphosphate, and
      phosphocreatine declined more rapidly and to a lower level in hypoglycemic rats
      subjected to 2 1/2 minutes of anoxia than in normoglycemic animals rendered
      similarly hypoxic. The findings suggest that decreased anoxic resistance of
      hypoglycemic newborn rats is not primarily a function of reduced brain glycogen
      or altered cerebral metabolic rate. The presence of endogenous cerebral glucose
      stores combined with continued circulating glucose (cerebrovascular perfusion)
      appear to be critical factors for maintaining perinatal hypoxic survival.

PMID- 697329
TI  - Identification of speech lateralization by intracarotid injection of
      methohexital.
AB  - Speech lateralization was assessed in 25 patients with epilepsy by direct carotid
      injection of carotid catheterization from a femoral approach. Hemispheric
      anesthesia was induced by intracarotid injection of the rapidly acting
      barbiturate methohexital. This technique allowed same-day study of both
      hemispheres, permitted repeated injection of either carotid artery without
      accumulation of methohexital sufficient to cause systemic effects, and added
      little to the total time required for three-vessel cerebral angiography.
      Unilateral seizures were induced by methohexital injection in 4 patients. No
      other complication secondary to the methohexital study was observed.

PMID- 697330
TI  - Unusual presentation of traumatic extracranial internal carotid artery aneurysm.
AB  - A young man presented with apparent transient ischemic attacks following a
      motorcycle accident in which he sustained minor injuries only. Computerized axial
      tomography demonstrated a small right frontal infarct, and angiography revealed
      an aneurysm of the right internal carotid artery in its extracranial course. This
      was thought to be traumatic in origin.

PMID- 697331
TI  - Phenytoin therapy: a comparison of one 300 mg capsule with three 100 mg capsules.

PMID- 697332
TI  - Interpretation of intelligence profiles in brain-damaged left-handers.

PMID- 697333
TI  - Neuroaxonal dystrohpy and osteopetrosis.

PMID- 697334
TI  - Neurological assessment of the 25- to 30-week premature infant.

PMID- 697335
TI  - Whither federal support for research? HEW has a plan . . . and needs your help.

PMID- 697336
TI  - [Increase in the oleandomycin distribution coefficient at the extraction stage by
      using electron carrier-acceptors].
AB  - A possibility of increasing the distribution coefficient of oleandomycin on its
      extraction from the aqueous solution into the organic phase containing an
      electron carrier-acceptor was shown. It was found that the level of the
      oleandomycin equilibrium shift into the organic phase depended on the carrier
      nature, i. e. the donor-acceptor interaction of the carrier and the antibiotic.
      It was shown that the oleandomycin fermentation broth contained non-identified
      admixtures, the interaction of which with the antibiotic was higher than its
      interaction with the acceptor-carriers tested.

PMID- 697337
TI  - [Chromatographic method on a thin sorbent layer for studying the purity and
      quality of the antitumor antibiotic, rubomycin].
AB  - A method for qualitative and quantitative investigation of rubomycin composition
      was developed. It was based on chromatographic separation of the antibiotic
      components in a thin layer of silicic acid followed by their elution and
      spectrophotometric determination. An additional component of rubomycin found in
      the therapeutic preparations and the conditions of its formation were studied.
      Fifteen different lots of rubomycin were assayed and the requirements for the
      limits of the admixtures in the antibiotic therapeutic preparations were
      determined.

PMID- 697338
TI  - [Effect of the chromosome markers of antibiotic resistance on the aggressiveness
      of Staph. epidermidis].
AB  - Elucidation of antibiotic resistance correlation with manifestation of the
      pathogenic properties and aggressiveness in particular is of definite importance.
      Because of a wide spread of antibiotic resistance among staphylococci and ever
      increasing in pathology the role of S. epidermidis, the changes in penetration of
      the internal organ tissues, activity and intensity of capture and digestion by
      phagocytes of S. epidermidis mutants D-5/240 carrying the chromosome markers of
      penicillin and erythromycin resistance were analyzed. It was shown that the
      chromosome markers of the antibiotic resistance in staphylococci promoted their
      more active penetration into the tissues of the internal organs, affected
      permeability of the cell membranes, changed the activity of the digestion enzymes
      in the phagocyting cells (lowering the number of the acid phosphatase), prevented
      phagocytosis completeness and decreased the microorganism immunogenic properties.

PMID- 697339
TI  - [Cephazolin and cephapirin circulation in the blood of rabbits].
AB  - Circulation of 2 semi-synthetic cephalosporins, i. e. cephazoline and cephapyrine
      in the blood of rabbits after their intramuscular administration in single doses
      of 5 and 20 mg/kg was studied. It was found that the antibiotics were well
      adsorbed into the blood. Their maximum blood levels were achieved 15--30 minutes
      after administration. Cephazoline provided a higher blood level persisting for
      longer periods of time as compared to cephapyrine. The value of the time of the
      two-fold decrease in the cephazoline blood level was higher. A four-fold increase
      in the dose of the cephalosporines resulted in an increase in their blood levels
      but did not induce any significant increase in the time of their circulation.

PMID- 697340
TI  - [Effect of levorin on the rat liver plasma membranes in experimental fatty
      dystrophy].
AB  - Activity of Na+, K+-ATP- ase and 5'-nucleotidase, the lipid composition of the
      liver plasmic membranes with toxic and alimentary-alcohol fat dystrophy were
      studied on rats exposed to water-soluble sodium levorin. It was found that the
      above forms of the liver fat dystrophy did not change the activity of the enzymes
      in the membranes but caused significant shifts in the composition of the membrane
      lipids. The shifts were evident from an increased level of phospholipids in the
      plasmic membranes. Administration of levorin at the very beginning of the
      development of both the toxic and the alimentary-alcohol liver fat dystrophy
      aggravated the increase in the phospholipid level in the membranes. It was
      supposed that the increase in the phospholipid level due to levorin in the
      membranes of the liver with fat dystrophy was one of the mechanisms of the drug
      therapeutic effect in case of such pathology type. Levorin increased the amount
      of phospholipids in the dystrophic membranes and thus changed the membrane
      permeability resulting in decreased accumulation of neutral lipids in the
      hepacytes and subsequently in decreased levels of the liver fat dystrophy.

PMID- 697341
TI  - [Action of carminomycin on leukemic cell proliferation and some problems of its
      use in the combined therapy of leukemias].
AB  - The effect of carminomycin on the mitotic cycle of the cells of the
      transplantable leukemia L-1210 and the therapeutic activity of other antitumor
      drugs, such as phopurine and cyclophosphane was studied on mice BDF1. It was
      found that the cells in phases S and G2 of the mitotic cycle were most sensitive
      to carminomycin. Transfer G1--S and phase G1 were characterized by resistance to
      the antibiotic effect. When carminomycin was used in combination with phopurine
      or cyclophosphane, clear dependence of the therapeutic efficacy on the treatment
      scheme was noted. Simultaneous administration of all the three drugs resulted in
      potentiation of the antileukemic effect. An analogous effect was observed when
      carminomycin was administered prior to phopurine or cyclophosphane. When the
      order of the drugs use was reverse, the efficacy of the combined therapy was
      significantly lower than the summation antileukemic effect of the drugs.

PMID- 697342
TI  - [Effect of microbial and tumor cell adaptation to rubomycin on their uptake of
      rubomycin and carminomycin].
AB  - Anthracycline antibiotics rubomycin (daunomycin) and carminomycin rapidly
      accumulated in the bacterial and ascitic tumor cells and their intracellular
      concentrations significantly exceeded the concentrations in the medium. The
      strains of Staph. aureus and Fisher mouse ascitic lymphadenosis L-5178/P
      resistant to rubomycin preserved sensitivity to carminomycin. The resistance of
      the bacterial and tumor strains to rubomycin was accompanied by a significant
      decrease in the accumulation of rubomycin in the cells. At the same time
      carminomycin also effectively accumulated in the cells of Staph. aureus and
      Fisher ascitic lymphadenosis adapted to rubomycin, the same as in the cells of
      the parent strains.

PMID- 697343
TI  - Carbon catabolite regulation of cephalosporin production in Streptomyces
      clavuligerus.
AB  - Cephalosporin production by Streptomyces clavuligerus is regulated by some type
      of carbon catabolite control. Increasing concentrations of preferred carbon
      sources, such as glycerol and maltose, decreased production of the antibiotics.
      Poorer carbon sources, such as alpha-ketoglutarate and succinate, led to high
      specific production of cephalosporins and shifted the dynamics of fermentation to
      a greater degree of association with growth. The results support the concept that
      the phase in which a product is made by a microorganism is not a function of the
      particular molecule produced, but rather of the nutritional environment presented
      to the organism.

PMID- 697344
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of gentamicin administered intratracheally to rats.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of intratracheally instilled and intravenously injected
      gentamicin were compared in the rat and analyzed by a one-compartment open model.
      The maximum concentration of gentamicin in plasma occurred within 10 min after
      intratracheal instillation. Considerable amounts of gentamicin were absorbed from
      lungs after intratracheal instillation, as shown by its concentrations in plasma
      and elimination in urine. The data suggest that the absorption of gentamicin from
      the pulmonary system would be sufficient to maintain therapeutic levels of this
      agent in plasma.

PMID- 697345
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of cefaclor and cephalexin: dosage nomograms for impaired renal
      function.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of cefaclor and cephalexin were characterized in patients
      with creatinine clearances ranging from 0 to 147 ml/min. Each of 24 fasted
      subjects received a single 500-mg oral dose of cefaclor, and 13 of these subjects
      later received 500 mg of cephalexin. Serum and urine levels of the antibiotics
      were measured by bioassay. The serum half-lives were highly correlated with
      corrected creatinine clearance (cefaclor r = 0.92, cephalexin r = 0.94). Linear
      regression estimates of the half-life of cefaclor were 2.3 h in the anephric
      patient and 40 min in the patient with a corrected creatinine clearance of 100
      ml/min. For cephalexin, corresponding half-lives were 15.4 h and 58 min. We
      present a dosage nomogram for calculating the appropriate adjustments to the
      loading dose based on patient weight and maintenence dose based on corrected
      creatinine clearance.

PMID- 697346
TI  - In vitro studies with Sch 21420 and Sch 22591: activity in comparison with six
      other aminoglycosides and synergy with penicillin against enterococci.
AB  - In vitro tests were performed with Sch 21420 and Sch 22591 to determine (i) their
      activity in comparison to six other aminoglycosides against 343 clinical
      isolates, and (ii) whether synergy with penicillin G could be demonstrated with
      enterococci. In broth dilution tests, Sch 22591 was more active than the seven
      other aminoglycosides against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacteriaceae, and most
      nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli. Sch 22591 was as active as tobramycin
      against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The activity of Sch 21420 was comparable to
      gentamicin, sisomicin, netilmicin, and tobramycin but greater than amikacin or
      kanamycin against S. aureus and most genera of Enterobacteriaceae. Sch 21420,
      amikacin, and kanamycin were (i) more active than the other five aminoglycosides
      against Proteus rettgeri and Providencia stuartii, but (ii) less active than the
      other five aminoglycosides against Neisseria gonorrhoeae, enterococci, most
      nonfermenting gram-negative bacilli, Proteus mirabilis, and Proteus morganii.
      Studies on the bactericidal activity of Sch 22591 with penicillin indicated a
      synergistic interaction against enterococci, including strains highly resistant
      to streptomycin and kanamycin. This could be demonstrated with combinations
      containing 3.0 to 6.0 mug of Sch 22591 per ml and was comparable to that observed
      with penicillin/gentamicin. Penicillin plus Sch 21420 (25 mug/ml) also
      demonstrated synergy against enterococci, including strains highly resistant to
      streptomycin. However, synergy did not occur against strains highly resistant to
      kanamycin. These latter results were similar to those obtained in tests with
      penicillin/kanamycin.

PMID- 697347
TI  - Activity of 5-episisomicin compared with that of other aminoglycosides.
AB  - 5-Episisomicin, a semisynthetic aminoglycoside, has been shown to inhibit many
      members of the Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus
      aureus. At a concentration of 3.1 mug/ml, more than 90% of Escherichia coli,
      Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, indole-positive Proteus, and
      Providencia were inhibited. 5-Episisomicin had activity against S. aureus, E.
      coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, and Citrobacter similar to gentamicin and
      netilmicin. It had activity similar to amikacin and netilmicin against many
      gentamicin-resistant bacteria. The activity of 5-episisomicin was greatest at an
      alkaline pH and in medium of low magnesium content. Synergy of 5-episisomicin and
      carbenicillin was found to occur most often against Pseudomonas.

PMID- 697348
TI  - In vitro susceptibility of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Mycoplasma hyorhinis to
      fifty-one antimicrobial agents.
AB  - By a tube dilution assay technique, 51 antimicrobial agents were singly tested
      against 9 strains of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and 1 strain of M. hyorhinis for
      the purpose of obtaining information useful for selecting an agent for testing in
      vivo against porcine mycoplasmal pneumonia. Based on determining minimal
      inhibitory concentrations and chemically grouping the agents into nine classes,
      all M. hyopneumoniae strains were found resistant to penicillins and peptides and
      susceptible to sulfonamides and tetracyclines, and, in other classes, were either
      susceptible or resistant depending on the particular agent being tested. Strains
      were susceptible to the same 33 of the 51 agents. Minimal inhibitory
      concentrations ranged from 0.06 to 9.20 mug/ml. M. hyorhinis was susceptible to
      19 of the 33 agents that M. hyopneumoniae was susceptible to. Minimal inhibitory
      concentrations ranged from 0.03 to 8.10 mug/ml. All strains of M. hyopneumoniae
      differed from M. hyorhinis in that they were susceptible to cephaloglycin and
      nitrofurazone.

PMID- 697349
TI  - Effects of hydration on gentamicin excretion and renal accumulation in furosemide
      treated rats.
AB  - The effect of furosemide on gentamicin excretion and tissue accumulation was
      studied with clearance techniques in anesthetized rats, at two different infusion
      rates of saline or Ringer solution. Gentamicin ( approximately 20 mg/kg) was
      administered by constant intravenous infusion over a period of 3 h. With the low
      fluid infusion rate, furosemide (25 mg/kg intravenously) caused severe reduction
      in glomerular filtration rate and diminished urinary output of gentamicin. Serum
      and renal tissue levels of the antibiotic were significantly elevated. High fluid
      infusion prevented the decline of the glomerular filtration rate, with near
      normalization of all measurements. A fluid deficit incurred by furosemide was
      noted at both the low and high infusion rates. Complete correction of this fluid
      deficit by continuous adjustment of the infusion rate fully restored normal renal
      handling of gentamicin. These results suggest that furosemide had no direct
      effect on renal excretion of gentamicin. In comparison, renal handling of
      gentamicin in rats did not respond to changes in the rate of fluid infusion in
      the absence of furosemide therapy. It appears that gentamicin excretion and
      gentamicin accumulation in the renal cortex in furosemide-treated rats, in
      contrast with those in untreated rats, are influenced significantly by the rate
      of fluid infusion. Fluid administration sufficient to maintain the glomerular
      filtration rate was found to be necessary for appropriate gentamicin elimination,
      with consequent reduction in serum and renal tissue levels of the drug.

PMID- 697350
TI  - Ascitic fluid cephalosporin concentrations: influence of protein binding and
      serum pharmacokinetics.
AB  - Mongrel dogs with ascites created by inferior vena cava ligation were given
      cephalothin, cephaloridine, cefazolin, and cefamandole to evaluate the effect of
      protein binding and serum pharmacokinetics on the distribution of cephalosporins
      into ascitic fluid. Antibiotics were given intramuscularly (15 mg/kg) every 4 h
      for a total of eight doses. Antibiotic binding to dog serum and ascitic fluid was
      measured by ultracentrifugation. Binding of the cephalosporins to dog serum
      ranged from 31% for cephaloridine to 46% for cephalothin, considerably lower than
      human serum binding for cefazolin, cephalothin, and cefamandole. Antibiotic
      binding to ascitic fluid was only slightly lower than that to serum. Ascitic
      fluid antibiotic concentrations, which approached equilibrium at 16 to 28 h, were
      significantly higher for cefazolin and cephaloridine than for cephalothin and
      cefamandole. However, serum concentrations were also higher for cefazolin and
      cephaloridine, and percent penetration (ratio of serum peak to ascites peak x
      100) was not statistically different among the four drugs. Binding of these
      cephalosporins to extravascular fluid protein was an important factor that
      determined the total ascitic fluid antibiotic level achieved. A formula utilizing
      the log mean serum level and binding to serum and extravascular fluid protein was
      used to accurately predict ascitic fluid drug levels at equilibrium.

PMID- 697351
TI  - Vacuolization in cultured cells induced by amphotericin B.
AB  - Amphotericin B induced vacuoles in one HeLa cell line and in some unrelated cell
      lines. Cell growth was not affected.

PMID- 697352
TI  - Erythropoietin concentration in amphotericin B-induced anemia.
AB  - Amphotericin B was given to six patients with systemic fungal infections. A dose
      averaging 1.78 g, administered from 42 to 144 days, was associated with a fall in
      hematocrit to a mean value of 25.8%. Despite this degree of anemia, no elevation
      of erythropoietin concentrations in urine or serum could be detected. Thus,
      amphotericin appears to cause anemia by inhibiting erythropoietin production
      rather than by suppressing bone marrow activity directly.

PMID- 697353
TI  - In vitro activity of rosamicin and erythromycin against a group of nonfermenting
      gram-negative bacilli.
AB  - The in vitro inhibitory activity of rosamicin and erythromycin against 283
      strains of nonfermenting, gram-negative bacilli was determined by using a broth
      dilution procedure. Rosamicin demonstrated greater activity than erythromycin
      against most strains tested. A number of species demonstrated significantly lower
      minimum inhibitory concentrations to rosamicin and would fall within the
      therapeutic range of the drug based on current pharmacological data.

PMID- 697354
TI  - Kinetic parameters and relative turnovers of some important catabolic reactions
      in digesting sludge.
AB  - The kinetics of propionate degradation, acetate splitting, and hydrogen
      consumption in digesting sludge were investigated in a lab-scale digester. At
      natural steady-state conditions, the acetate-splitting systems in well-digested
      sludge were about half saturated. Propionate-degrading systems were saturated to
      only 10 to 15%, and hydrogen removal was less than 1% of the maximum possible
      rate. It was concluded that acetate splitting rather than "methanogenesis from
      fatty acids" is the rate-limiting reaction in the anaerobic degradation of
      dissolved organic matter and that a methoanogenic anaerobic ecosystem is
      stabilized by its large unused capacity of hydrogen consumption which is
      "buffering" the partial pressure of dissolved hydrogen in the system at
      sufficiently low values to permit rapid fatty acid oxidation. A tentative scheme
      of the substrate flow in sludge digestion is presented. It suggests that acid
      formation coupled with hydrogen formation via pyridine dinucleotide oxidation
      yields the immediate substrates, namely acetate and hydrogen, for about 54% of
      the total methanogenesis.

PMID- 697355
TI  - Gastrointestinal microecology of BALB/c nude mice.
AB  - The aerobic, facultative, and anaerobic microorganisms cultivable from the
      stomachs, ilea, ceca, and colons of BALB/c athymic (nu/nu) mice (normal and
      wasting), thymus-implanted normal nude mice, and their heterozygous (nu/+)
      littermates were investigated. Ninety-one species representing 23 genera of
      bacteria and yeasts were isolated from the 27 mice. The wasting nude mice showed
      significantly lower numbers of lactobacilli in their stomach microbiota than did
      mice from the other three groups. The littermate animals appeared unique among
      the four groups in having corynebacteria as a major constituent of their stomach
      and ileal flora. The normal nude mice appeared to have a more diverse anaerobic
      stomach flora than their heterozygous littermates. These minor differences are
      discussed with respect to possible immunological, physiological, and
      environmental factors as their cause. Because the gastrointestinal microfloras of
      the mice from the four groups were not radically divergent from each other, it
      was concluded that loss of T-cell function does not dramatically alter the makeup
      of the cultivable gastrointestinal microflora in these mice.

PMID- 697356
TI  - Methanogenesis from acetate: enrichment studies.
AB  - An acetate enrichment culture was initiated by inoculating anaerobic sludge from
      a mesophilic methane digestor into a mineral salts medium with calcium acetate as
      the sole carbon and energy source. This enrichment was maintained indefinitely by
      weekly transfer into medium of the same composition. A study of this enrichment
      disclosed an unexpected age-dependent inhibition of methanogenesis by H2 and
      formate which apparently differed from the inhibition by chloroform and benzyl
      viologen. This age-dependent inhibition indicated that microbial interactions of
      the mixed enrichment population may play a regulatory role in methane formation.
      Futhermore, stimulation of methanogenesis in the acetate enrichment by addition
      of yeast extract showed a nutrient limitation which indicated that syntrophic
      interactions leading to formation of growth factors may also occur. A model is
      presented to illustrate the possible interrelationships between methanogenic and
      nonmethanogenic bacteria in their growth and formation of methane and carbon
      dioxide from acetate.

PMID- 697357
TI  - Effect of municipal refuse metals on cellulase production by Thermomonospora
      curvata.
AB  - The high-concentration metals in municipal refuse compost were tested for effects
      on cellulase production and activity in Thermomonospora curvata. Although none
      altered cellulase reaction rates, both Al and Ca appeared to specifically inhibit
      cellulase production.

PMID- 697358
TI  - Extracellular endo-beta-1,4-glucanase in Cellvibrio vulgaris.
AB  - Endo-beta-1,4-glucanase of the cellulolytic bacterium Cellvibrio vulgaris is an
      actively secreted, truly extracellular enzyme, as supported by growth and
      secretion studies using filter paper as the sole carbon source.

PMID- 697359
TI  - Effect of medium composition on the growth and asparaginase production of Vibrio
      succinogenes.
AB  - Asparaginase synthesis by Vibrio succinogenes is induced by ammonium ions.
      Synthesis occurs throughout exponential phase, and in early stationary phase
      asparaginase accounts for about 5% of the total soluble protein. The organism
      grows best when fumarate is provided as the terminal electron acceptor of the
      formate-oxidizing cytochrome system. Yeast extract or enzyme-hydrolyzed proteins
      are effective nutrient sources. In an ammonium formate-sodium fumarate medium,
      where maximum growth and asparaginase synthesis occurs, the total enzyme yield
      (international units per liter of culture) is about one-tenth that obtainable
      with a good asparaginase-producing strain of Escherichia coli. The energetic
      inefficiency of V. succinogenes appears to cause a low yield of cells and
      therefore low total enzyme yield. However, the levels of asparaginase accumulated
      within cells raise questions about the organism's protein synthesizing system.

PMID- 697360
TI  - Progesterone biotransformation by plant cell suspension cultures.
AB  - Progesterone was converted to 5alpha-pregnane-3alpha-ol-20-one, delta4-pregnene
      20alpha-ol-3-one, delta4-pregnene-14alpha-ol-3,20-dione, delta4-pregnene
      7beta,14alpha-diol-3,20-dione, and delta4-pregnene-6beta,11alpha-diol-3,20-dione
      by cell cultures of Lycopersicon esculentum. Cell cultures of Capsicum frutescens
      (green) metabolized progesterone to delta4-pregnene-20alpha-ol-3-one in very high
      yield, and Vinca rosea yielded delta4-pregnene-20beta-ol-3-one and delta4
      pregnene-14alpha-ol-3,20-dione. A stereospecific reduction of the keto groups and
      a double bond and stereospecific introduction of hydroxyl groups at the 6, 11,
      and 14 positions have been observed. The mono- and dihydroxylated progesterones
      have not previously been reported as metabolic products of progesterone by plant
      cell systems and represent de novo hydroxylation of a nonglycosylated steroid.

PMID- 697361
TI  - Fungal contamination and mycotoxin detection of powdered herbal drugs.
AB  - Forty-nine powdered herbal drugs were analyzed for their mold profile and for the
      potential presence of three mycotoxins (aflatoxin, sterigmatocystin, ochratoxin
      A). Aspergillus and Penicillium species were predominant, but Rhizopus, Mucor,
      Cladosporium, and Aureobasidium spp. were also found in a few samples. Mycotoxins
      were not detected in any samples, and only one isolated culture was found to be a
      mycotoxin producer on laboratory media.

PMID- 697362
TI  - Inhibition of aflatoxin biosynthesis by tolnaftate.
AB  - Tolnaftate [2-napthyl-N-methyl-N-(m-tolyl)thionocarbamate], an antifungal drug,
      is widely used to control superficial fungal infections in humans and other
      animals. In this study the effect of tolnaftate on aflatoxin biosynthesis by
      Aspergillus parasiticus NRRL 3240 was investigated. Tolnaftate changed the
      morphology of A. parasiticus to yeastlike forms and inhibited aflatoxin
      formation. The formation of aflatoxin G was blocked considerably, indicating a
      metabolic block in the conversion of aflatoxin B to aflatoxin G. The
      incorporation of [1-14C]acetate into aflatoxin was significantly inhibited at a
      concentration of 1 mM tolnaftate. The presence of zinc in the resuspension buffer
      resulted in reversal of the tolnaftate-induced inhibition of aflatoxin G1
      biosynthesis.

PMID- 697364
TI  - Occurrence of Yersinia enterocolitica in house rats.
AB  - From July 1976 to May 1977, 270 rats (259 Rattus norvegicus and R. rattus) in
      Sapporo were examined for the presence of Yersinia enterocolitica in house rats.
      The organism was isolated in 55 rats (54 R. norvegicus and 1 R. rattus). Isolated
      strains were determined as O group (O)3, biovar 4; O4, biovar 1; O5A, biovar 1;
      and O6, biovar 1. The isolation of O3, biovar 4 strains from R. norvegicus is the
      first in the world, as far as we know. The organism was isolated from the
      duodenum in 3 rats, the jejunum in 7 rats, the ileum in 8 rats, the cecum in 34
      rats, the colon in 23 rats, the rectum in 16 rats, and the mesenteric lymph nodes
      in 5 rats. The organism was not isolated from liver, spleen, and kidneys.
      Isolation of the organism from the mesenteric lymph nodes was made in 1 out of 2
      O3-positive rats, 1 out of 7 O5A-positive ones, and 3 out of 29 O6-positive ones.
      A high agglutinin titer was recorded in the two O3-positive rats and in one O6
      positive animal.

PMID- 697363
TI  - Factors related to the oxygen tolerance of anaerobic bacteria.
AB  - The effect of atmospheric oxygen on the viability of 13 strains of anaerobic
      bacteria, two strains of facultative bacteria, and one aerobic organism was
      examined. There were great variations in oxygen tolerance among the bacteria. All
      facultative bacteria survived more than 72 h of exposure to atmospheric oxygen.
      The survival time for anaerobes ranged from less than 45 min for
      Peptostreptococcus anaerobius to more than 72 h for two Clostridium perfringens
      strains. An effort was made to relate the degree of oxygen tolerance to the
      activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidases in cell-free
      extracts of the bacteria. All facultative bacteria and a number of anaerobic
      bacteria possessed superoxide dismutase. There was a correlation between
      superoxide dismutase activity and oxygen tolerance, but there were notable
      exceptions. Polyacrylamide gel electropherograms stained for superoxide dismutase
      indicated that many of the anaerobic bacteria contained at least two
      electrophoretically distinct enzymes with superoxide dismutase activity. All
      facultative bacteria contained peroxidase, whereas none of the anaerobic bacteria
      possessed measurable amounts of this enzyme. Catalase activity was variable among
      the bacteria and showed no relationship to oxygen tolerance. The ability of the
      bacteria to reduce oxygen was also examined and related to enzyme content and
      oxygen tolerance. In general, organisms that survived for relatively long periods
      of time in the presence of oxygen but demonstrated little superoxide dismutase
      activity reduced little oxygen. The effects of medium composition and conditions
      of growth were examined for their influence on the level of the three enzymes.
      Bacteria grown on the surface of an enriched blood agar medium generally had more
      enzyme activity than bacteria grown in a liquid medium. The data indicate that
      superoxide dismutase activity and oxygen reduction rates are important
      determinants related to the tolerance of anaerobic bacteria to oxygen.

PMID- 697365
TI  - Rapid procedure for the detection of plasmids in Staphylococcus epidermidis.
AB  - A rapid, reproducible, mini-volume assay capable of detecting staphylococcal
      plasmid DNA in the range of 0.8 to 32 megadaltons has been developed. The assay
      employs lysostaphin-mediated lysis of cells followed by a short, low-speed
      centrifugation and does not require treatment with ribonuclease or protease or
      deproteinization with phenol. A period of only 24 h may be required to detect the
      presence and size of a plasmid once an organism has been isolated. This method
      has been used to study the plasmid ecology of Staphylococcus epidermidis and to
      correlate the presence or absence of plasmids with tetracycline, chloramphenicol,
      neomycin, penicillin, and cadmium resistances.

PMID- 697366
TI  - Minimal water activity for enterotoxin A production and growth of Staphylococcus
      aureus.
AB  - The minimal water activity (alphaw) for growth was correlated with enterotoxin A
      formation by two strains of Staphylococcus aureus in a salt mixture broth. Within
      7 days at 30 degrees C both strains grew and formed enterotoxin A minimally
      between alphaw 0.864 and 0.867, but at 25 degrees C, the minimal alphaw for both
      activities was increased to between 0.870 and 0.887 after a 2-week incubation.

PMID- 697367
TI  - Depression of activity of intestinal mucosal alkaline phosphatase with
      gastrointestinal microorganisms.
AB  - Depression of intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity can be caused by the
      formation of the microbial ecosystem with several kinds of viable microorganisms
      in rats.

PMID- 697368
TI  - Detection of bacterial nitrite production from nitrate by a nitrate-starch-iodide
      agar medium.
AB  - A medium consisting of nitrate agar (Difco), modified by the addition of 1%
      starch and 1% KI, was used to detect the production of nitrite by a number of
      different bacterial species.

PMID- 697369
TI  - Staphylococcal enterotoxin A: a chromosomal gene product.
AB  - Physical and genetic analysis of the plasmid make-up of Staphylococcus aureus
      strains S6 and FRI-100 has shown that staphylococcal enterotoxin A is a
      chromosomal gene product.

PMID- 697370
TI  - D-values of Bacillus pumilus spores on irradiated devices (inoculated product).
AB  - The D-values of Bacillus pumilus spores on various devices ranged from 0.14 to
      0.23 Mrads. The majority of devices displayed D-values equal to or less than the
      value obtained on filter paper. Increased resistivity was also encountered.

PMID- 697371
TI  - H2-producing bacteria in digesting sewage sludge isolated on simmple, defined
      media.
AB  - Twenty percent of bacteria isolated on simple, defined anaerobic media produced
      H2. Eighty-four percent of these were isolated on glucose. All were
      Enterobacteriaceae, primarily Citrobacter.

PMID- 697372
TI  - [Lipids in experimental atherogenesis in the rat].

PMID- 697373
TI  - [Pharmacokinetic study of brompiride in rats after its administration by
      intravenous, oral and intramuscular routes. II].

PMID- 697374
TI  - [Pharmacokinetic study of isonixine].

PMID- 697375
TI  - [Pharmacokinetic studies of 3H-codeine administered by oral and rectal routes in
      the rabbit].

PMID- 697376
TI  - [Sexual variations in the metabolism of antipyrine in vivo and in vitro].

PMID- 697377
TI  - [Inhibition of pentobarbital metabolism by silymarin. I. Pharmacokinetics].

PMID- 697378
TI  - [ITA 104, a product of antiplatelet aggregation activity].

PMID- 697379
TI  - [Hypolipemic activity of ITA 104].

PMID- 697380
TI  - [Toxicological aspects of ITA 104].

PMID- 697381
TI  - [Pharmacology and collateral effects of ITA 104].

PMID- 697382
TI  - [Pharmacodynamic study of (M-14012-4) N-(4-picolyl)-3,5-dimethylbenzamide].

PMID- 697383
TI  - [Pharmacological activity of various derivatives of glycyrrhetic acid].

PMID- 697384
TI  - [Tyramine binding to plasma proteins].

PMID- 697385
TI  - [2-(p-Acetamidophenyloxy)ethyl-o-acetoxybenzoate (eterilate). A new anti
      inflammatory derived from acetylsalicylic acid. Synthesis and its physico
      chemical properties].

PMID- 697386
TI  - [Increase of subcutaneous perfusion by an enzymatic-antibiotic preparation for
      O.R.L].

PMID- 697387
TI  - [Analgesic activity of a preparation for topical use].

PMID- 697388
TI  - [Local anti-inflammatory anesthetic activity of various spirohydantoins derived
      from N-substituted nortropanes].

PMID- 697389
TI  - [Behavior of leukemic cells of L5178-Y mice in Ficoll gradients].

PMID- 697390
TI  - [Pharmacology of ITA 213, a producer of anorexic activity].

PMID- 697391
TI  - [Pharmacology of a new derivative with anti-inflammatory activity: ITA 194].

PMID- 697392
TI  - [Pharmacology of ITA 226 producing laxative activity].

PMID- 697394
TI  - [Agonist and antagonist activity of clebopride on gastrointestinal motility].

PMID- 697393
TI  - [Factors that condition the interaction of noradrenaline with soluble proteins of
      cat brain].

PMID- 697395
TI  - [The binding of noradrenaline to proteins of the cerebral cortex. Effect of
      amphetamine].

PMID- 697396
TI  - [Effect of ethofibrate [2-(nicotinoyloxy)ethyl-p-chlorophenoxyisobutyrate] on
      lipid metabolism. I. Effect on blood lipids in normal and hyperlipemic rats].

PMID- 697397
TI  - [Effect of ethofibrate [2-(nicotinoyloxy)ethyl-p-chlorophenoxyisobutyrate] lipid
      metabolism. II. Effects on the incorporation of various isotopic precursors in
      rat liver].

PMID- 697398
TI  - [Research on the influence of sympathomimetrics (isoprenaline and noradrenaline)
      on water metabolism in the rat].

PMID- 697399
TI  - [Effect of DL-amphetamine sulfate on oxygen and glucose consumption and oxidative
      phosphorylation of rat liver in vitro].

PMID- 697400
TI  - [Effect of maprotiline hydrochloride on oxygen and glucose consumption and
      oxidative phosphorylation of rat brain in vitro].

PMID- 697401
TI  - [Kinetic behavior of 3H-vincamine in man. Compartmental analysis].

PMID- 697402
TI  - [Prolactin in depression].

PMID- 697403
TI  - [Comparative study of cardiotoxicity induced by maprotiline and imipramine in
      vitro: mechanism of action].

PMID- 697404
TI  - [Comparison of antiapomorphinic activity of metoclopramide, sulpiride and
      clebopride in the rat and dog].

PMID- 697405
TI  - [The study of the influence of vasopressin on the noradrenaline content of
      various cerebral areas in the rat].

PMID- 697406
TI  - [The antihypertensive effect of pargyline in spontaneously hypertensive rats].

PMID- 697407
TI  - [Inhibition of capillary permeability by a combination of pyridinolcarbamate and
      adenosine].

PMID- 697408
TI  - [The inhibitors of fibrinolysis].

PMID- 697409
TI  - [P. Metastasis of prostatic carcinoma to the epididymis].
AB  - When reviewing the bibliography of this rare metastatic location of cancer of the
      prostate gland, we have only been able to compile the observations published by
      HUMPHREY (1), BROTHERUS (2) and SMITH (3) wo describe cases with the same
      location and characteristics. All the observations of metastasis in the
      epididymis of cancer of the prostate gland constitute unexpected findings during
      the course of surgical castration operations. The morphology is always the same,
      small indurated nodules respecting the rest of the epididymis. On the other hand,
      metastases in the epididymis of extraurinary adenocarcinomas most of which were
      digestive, were not discovered until the increased size and pain in the testicle
      attracted the patient's attention and the exploration led to the identification
      of the tumour in the epidiymis (2, 4, 5). However, primitive malignant tumours of
      the epididymis constitute an infrequent lesion. In the literature there were
      found to be more primitive tumours in relation to the metastatic ones and it was
      difficult to establish the diagnosis of a primitive tumour of the epididymis
      without having previously ruled out the possibility of other distant neoplasias
      which are sometimes even asymptomatic.

PMID- 697410
TI  - [Lymph node pattern and peritumoral lymphoid infiltration in cancer of the
      bladder. Prognostic value].

PMID- 697412
TI  - [Various aspects of renal pyramid collagen seen by scanning electron microscopy].
AB  - In apparently normal kidneys, viewed with a scanning electromicroscope, it has
      been observed that the renal pyramid has a collagen arranged in cells which cover
      vessels and tubules. These cells vary in arrangement and structure. In spite of
      the apparent normality, collagen variations are observed. Sometimes as a result
      of the increased intensity and other times because forms of neocollagen appear
      with accumulations of essential substances. This fact suggests that the said
      changes involve two circumstances. Either this tissue changes continuously or the
      said kidneys have some lesion in their collagen which leads to new forms of
      neocollagen appearing and to the great richness of essential substances.

PMID- 697411
TI  - [Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. Our theory and discussion on the development
      of such an entity. Report of 9 cases].
AB  - The authors present 9 cases of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis observed in the
      "Juan XXIII" Hospital in Tarragona. They emphasize the relationship between
      lithiasis, chronic urinary infection and antigenic stimulation for the
      development of this entity, the progressive result of a lesion in the kidney
      tissue with immobilized infectious calcareous deposits. In the granulomatous
      lesion they find cells called antigen-antibody quartets, with foamy-type
      histiocytes, the nodular collections of which constitute the key to X.P. The
      formation of lymphocytic germinal centres is another antigenic stimulus in some
      parts of the kidney tissue. These structures are due to the storing of antibodies
      and therefore the immunoglobulins would not be released towards the blood stream,
      which would explain changes in the immunoglobulins in these patients' serum.

PMID- 697413
TI  - [Solitary pedunculated polyp of the posterior urethra in a child].
AB  - We present a case of polyps in the prostatic urethra in a 21-month old child. The
      clinical picture and the diagnosis are discussed with particular attention being
      paid to the mictional urethrocystography. The most suitable surgical approach is
      indicated as the basis for treatment and finally the etiology is established.

PMID- 697414
TI  - [Scrotal appendicocele in an infant (clinical note)].
AB  - The authors present the case of a 7-month old suckling baby with scrotal
      appendicocele which simulated a para-testicular tumour. They comment upon the
      difficulty involved in a preoperative diagnosis and analyse the factors which
      favour the emigration of the appendix to the scrotum at an early age (persistence
      of the peritoneo-vaginal duct, non-joining of the peritoneal membrane, the
      insertion of the appendix into the end of the caecum and increases in the
      intraabdominal pressure). They point out the need for surgery which will be of a
      diagnostic-therapeutic nature.

PMID- 697415
TI  - [Clinical study of a phytosterol extract of Prunus arborea and 3 amino acids:
      glycine, alanine and glutamic acid].
AB  - We have carried out a therapeutic study on "Tebetane compuesto", by applying it
      to one hundred patients, whose pathologies, prostatic adenoma, prostatitis and
      postadenomectomy sequelas, come within the field of action of the product, as
      shown by other authors. The particular feature of "Tebetane compuesto" is that it
      is a non-hormonal product, which contributes to the fact that it may be used in
      high doses without producing harmful effects on the patient. We have found no
      cases of intolerance or side effects, which we feel makes it superior to other
      similar products. To be specific, in the case of prostatitis, "Tebetane
      compuesto" has proved to be effective in 94 per 100 of the patients treated,
      making it a highly reliable product for use by the specialist or general
      practitioner. We feel, on the other hand, that the inclusion in the formula of
      "Tebetane compuesto" of the three aminoacids has led to a considerable reduction
      in the duration of the treatments of these patients, with the resulting financial
      saving involved.

PMID- 697416
TI  - [Ultramicroscopic study of the mucosa of the lower 3d of the ureter].
AB  - A study has been made, using an electronic microscope, of the mucosa of the lower
      third of the ureter of rats, including a description of three kinds of cells with
      their own ultrastructural characteristics. One may emphasize the presence of
      intraepithelial nerve endings and chromaffin type granular formations. In some
      cells, adjacent to the basal membrane, there is also a perinuclear structure
      described, consisting of tonofilaments (perinuclear crown of tonofilaments) which
      it is thought could affect the genesis of distension stimuli.

PMID- 697417
TI  - [Sonographic study of hydronephrosis].
AB  - The authors present the experience acquired by the Urology Department of "La Paz"
      Hospital in the sonographic diagnosis of hydronephrosis over a period of one
      year. In 47 patients, the percentage of successful diagnoses reached 93.7%,
      including 32 cases with a silent kidney in the intravenous urography. They
      discuss the different sonographic patterns of hydronephrosis, in relation to its
      degree of evolutionary development and its differential diagnosis with other
      kidney disorders.

PMID- 697418
TI  - [Ureteral injuries following translumbar aortography].
AB  - In the already scarce traumatic ureter pathology, beyond the scope of
      Gynaecology, we present a case, also iatrogenic, which although it is described
      as a possible complication in the performing of a translumbar aortography, is of
      unquestionable interest by virtue of its origin and subsequent evolution.

PMID- 697419
TI  - [Temporary urinary derivations: use of the Kehr T tube].
AB  - The authors present 10 cases of obstructive uropathy, 8 caused by lithiasis and 2
      by retroperitoneal tumours, in which, due to the chronic nature of the processes
      and to the intense periureteral fibrosclerosis in the place of the stone,
      temporary derivation of the urine was advisable. After having used several kinds
      of derivations (nephrostomies, pyelostomies, free ureteral probes), they use
      Kehr's T tube and comment upon the advantages and benefits obtained with this
      kind of derivation.

PMID- 697420
TI  - [Surgery of ureterocele with lithiasis].
AB  - We present 7 cases of ureterocele with secondary lithiasis, which constitute 15%
      of all our cases of ureterocele. From the clinical point of view, the symptoms
      are not different from those of these two separate pathologies. Nephroureteral
      colics associated with a low ureteral syndrome were the most frequent cause of
      the patients' visiting the doctor. Obstruction of the vesical neck is
      characteristic of ectopic or large ureteroceles. The diagnostic is radiographic
      and endoscopic. The results of the surgical treatment are much more superior with
      the transvesical approach followed by antireflux plastia to the transureteral
      approach, in which postoperative reflux is common, although it is usually well
      tolerated by adult patients.

PMID- 697421
TI  - [Comparative study of ureteral displacements].
AB  - A study ia mde of 15 patients with a known neoplasia: 2 retroperitoneal tumours,
      5 lymphomas, 3 prostate neoplasias, 3 seminomas and 2 uterus neoplasias; with
      displacement of the ureter and in some cases ectasia of the excretion system. The
      displacement was always one-sided and most frequently found in the lower third of
      the ureter. Ectasia was found in two patients; we have never found this in any
      patients without a known neoplasia. Adenopathies were the most frequent cause of
      inferior ureter deviation but in only one case did they infiltrate into the wall
      and they were more constant on the right side. These cases are compared with
      other patients suffering from different pathologies, some of which are also
      neoplastic but in which no displacement or ectasia appeared even when the
      retroperitoneum was affected, and with another group of patients in whom there
      was found to be ureteral displacement or ectasia without any retro- or
      intraperitoneal pathology.

PMID- 697422
TI  - [Subcapsular renal hematoma: report of a case of unusual etiology].
AB  - The authors present a case of myeloproliferative syndrome with an exceptional
      clinical picture of pain in the right hypochondrium and right iliac fossa, with
      no mictional syndrome or hematuria, caused by the appearance of a spontaneous
      subcapsular hematoma. They discuss the frequency of the different kinds of kidney
      hematomas and their causes. They also describe the typical radiological signs of
      the subcapsular hematoma in comparison with the other forms of kidney hematomas.

PMID- 697423
TI  - [Carcinoma of the penis: review of our cases].
AB  - A review is made of 36 carcinomas of the penis treated in the Urology Department
      of the "La Fe" Hospital. The most frequent decade for their appearance is the
      fifties. We establish their link with restricted hygiene and with fimosis,
      Queyrat's erythroplasia, leukoplasia and accuminated condyloma. The treatment
      given depends essentially on the clinical stage. We feel that within stage A,
      with minimum prepuce lesions, the ideal treatment is local excision and
      circumcision plus radiotherapy; in the case of minimal gland lesions
      radiotherapy; in the rest and when the former forms of therapy fail, partial
      amputation of the penis. We currently treat this stage with cryosurgery although
      we cannot give any results because of the limited period of development of the
      same. In stage B, we indicate amputation plus bilateral, ilio-inguinal
      lymphadenectomy plus radiotherapy. In stages C and D the treatment is palliative,
      on the basis of polychemotherapy.

PMID- 697424
TI  - [Tumors of the testicle: various comments of their etiological and evolutive
      aspects, and therapeutic results in a review of 360 cases].
AB  - Out of a total of 360 cases compiled of testicle tumours obtained from numerous
      Spanish urologists, the authors analyse their distribution according to the age
      at the onset, in decades, in the 232 patients in which it became known to them,
      observing the greatest incidence between 21 and 50 years of age. They then
      compare the age-type of tumour parameters, in 115 of the cases of which they
      received the data. In the second part of the study, they make a brief study of
      the methods of therapy: orchidectomy, with or without lymphadenectomy, radio or
      cobaltotherapy, antiblastic chemotherapy or the combination of several means of
      treatment, summing up in the form of a general chart, the results obtained in the
      275 observations known to this end and they conclude with another diagram
      comparing the cases of survival (117 out of the above-mentioned 275) with those
      obtained by other foreign observers.

PMID- 697425
TI  - [Chyluria].
AB  - The authors present two cases of non-parasitic chyluries, with views of the right
      intrarenal fistula in one case, by means of lymphography and another which was
      more exceptional in its appearance, linked with sleeping and postural, apparently
      with a lymphographic blockage. Conservative treatment, based mainly on the diet,
      with the omission of long-chain triglcerides and poor in fats, produced good
      results.

PMID- 697426
TI  - [Renal cortical rest pseudotumor].
AB  - The authors present a case of kidney pseudotumour and stress the difficulty of
      reaching a final diagnosis in relation to the course of therapy.

PMID- 697428
TI  - Relief of acute, persistent postvagotomy atony by metoclopramide.
AB  - Seventeen patients with acute, persistent postvagotomy atony after vagotomy with
      antrectomy or pyrloroplasty for peptic ulcer underwent a doubleblind study of the
      relief of postvagotomy atony by metoclopramide. All patients had complete,
      functional gastric obstruction for at least three weeks postoperatively,
      precluding oral alimentation. Contrast studies and gastroscopy ruled out
      mechanical obstruction in each patient. Gastric outlet obstruction was confirmed
      by radioisotope assessment of gastric emptying of a special solid meal labeled
      with Technetium 99m DTPA. A gamma camera over the epigastrium precisely
      quantitated the emptying rate of the labeled meals. After baseline scanning an
      intravenous placebo was given to each patient and all 17 showed gastric retention
      of the meal after 90 minutes. Gastric emptying rates were restudied 24 hours
      later after intravenous metoclopramide and all 17 patients then immediately
      emptied the labeled meals. These patients then received standard postgastrectomy
      diets. Eight patients received metoclopramide tablets (10 mg 30 minutes a.c.,
      q.i.d.) and nine received placebo tablets. Each of the eight patients receiving
      metoclopramide ate normally immediately after treatment with no further evidence
      of gastric atony. The nine patients receiving the placebo were unable to retain
      any oral feedings and were then given oral metoclopramide which promptly relieved
      gastric atony. All 17 patients received metoclopramide for one month without side
      effects after which the drug was discontinued with no recurrence of gastric
      symptoms during follow-up periods ranging from three to 27 months. Metoclopramide
      safely and effectively relieves acute, nonmechanical gastric atony when this
      occurs after surgical treatment of peptic ulcer.

PMID- 697427
TI  - Effect of selective proximal vagotomy and truncal vagotomy on gastric acid and
      serum gastrin responses to a meal in duodenal ulcer patients.
AB  - To assess the effectiveness of selective proximal vagotomy (SPV) in reducing the
      acid response to food, we have compared pre- and postoperative gastric acid and
      serum gastrin responses to a meal in 11 duodenal ulcer patients with intractable
      pain treated by SPV, with those of seven ulcer patients with gastric outlet
      obstruction treated by truncal vagotomy and drainage (TV + D). Acid secretion was
      measured by an intragastric titration method which measures acid response to food
      within the stomach (5% amino acid meal) adjusted to various pH levels (5.5, 2.5,
      and 1.5). Studies were performed before and two to six weeks after operation. The
      preoperative intragastric acid output (IGAO) was about 50% of maximal acid
      response to Histalog. The mean preoperative IGAO at pH 5.5 For 11 SPV patients
      was 17.4 +/- 3.1 mEq/hour; this was decreased by 72% to 4.3 +/- 1.1 mEq/hour
      after operation. The mean IGAO at pH 5.5 in nine patients treated by TV + D was
      21.6 +/- 3.4 mEq/hour; this was decreased by 67% to 7.3 +/- 2.1 mEq/hour. Gastrin
      levels were significantly higher in postop than in preop SPV PATIENTS EVEN THOUGH
      PH values were constant. Gastrin levels were higher in postop TV + D patients
      than in postop SPV patients. This study demonstrates that acid reduction achieved
      by SPV is reliable and at least comparable with that achieved by turncal
      vagotomy. Postoperative elevation of gastrin in the SPV patients suggests that
      the vagus may release a humoral inhibitor of gastrin release from the gastric
      fundus; there may also be a further direct vagal inhibitor of antral gastrin
      release.

PMID- 697429
TI  - Surgical correction of congenital heart disease in the adult: experience with 139
      patients.
AB  - Patients over 18 years of age who have undergone a surgical correction of a
      congenital cardiac malformation during the period 1968 through 1977 have been
      reviewed. Those patients with calcific aortic stenosis which was thought, but not
      proved, to have arisen in a congenitally malformed aortic valve, were excluded
      from the review. Patients with cystic medial necrosis of the aorta were similarly
      excluded. There were 139 patients in the series (age range from 18 years to 67
      years). The most common defects were those involving the intra-atrial septum and
      the related great veins, 50%. Abnormalities involving the great arteries
      including patent ductus arteriosus and coarctation of the aorta accounted for
      19%. Common defects of conal development including ventricular septal defects and
      Tetralogy of Fallot malformations accounted for 15%. Valvular abnormalities
      including pulmonic stenosis, aortic valve abnormalities and Ebstein's
      malformation of tricuspid valve accounted for 11.5%. Complex congenital
      malformations were relatively uncommon, 4%. There were two patients with a
      combination of acquired and congenital heart disease. There were two operative
      deaths in the series, both occurring in patients with complex forms of congenital
      heart disease (multiple ventricular septal defects, double outlet right
      ventricle). There were two additional postoperative hospital deaths, one
      occurring following repair of an atrial septal defect from massive pulmonary
      embolus, and another occurring six weeks following a Fontan procedure performed
      for tricuspid atresia. Thus, the hospital mortality for the series was 2.9%. This
      reviewed series reveals the incidence of operable congenital heart defects
      appearing in an adult cardiac surgical practice and demonstrates that surgical
      repair can be accomplished with a satisfactory low mortality rate.

PMID- 697430
TI  - Management of external gastrointestinal fistulas.
AB  - We analyzed the course of 186 patients with external gastrointestinal fistulas
      treated at the University of California Medical Center, San Francisco from 1968
      to 1977. There were 82 patients in the earlier group (1968-1971) and 104 patients
      in the later group (1972-1977). The groups differed in that 35% of patients in
      the earlier group received TPN, but 71% of patients in the later group received
      TPN. Of the patients who did not receive TPN, 93% had been adequately nourished
      using tube feeding methods. The two groups were otherwise similar. The fistula
      related mortality (11%) and the spontaneous closure rate of the fistulas (32%)
      was unchanged over the ten year period. Thus, the principal impact of TPN was to
      simplify the nutritional management rather than to alter the outcome. When
      malignancy, previous abdominal irradiation, Crohn's disease, or a short (<2 cm)
      fistula tract were present, spontaneous closure was less likely than when none of
      these factors were present (20% versus 47%). Sixty-eight per cent of the deaths
      occurred in patients with uncontrolled sepsis. Fifty per cent of the deaths were
      due to the primary disease and were unrelated to the fistula. Spontaneous closure
      could not be expected to start until sepsis was controlled. Because over 90% of
      patients whose fistulas closed spontaneously did so within one month after
      infection was eradicated, we recommend operative closure for most fistulas that
      persist beyond that time. The most reliable operation is excision of the bowel
      from which the fistula arises with end-to-end anastomosis. Fistulas not amenable
      to excision should be managed by bypass.

PMID- 697431
TI  - Failure of low dose heparin to prevent pulmonary embolism after hip surgery or
      above the knee amputation.
AB  - In a randomized, double-blind trial, 5,000 USP units of sodium heparin or saline
      were give subcutaneously at least two hours before surgery and at 12 hour
      intervals thereafter to patients requiring total hip replacement, surgical
      correction of hip fracture, or major lower extremity amputation for vascular
      insufficiency. Lung perfusion scans were performed before surgery and at weekly
      intervals during the postoperative period. Pulmonary arteriograms were requested
      in patients developing new perfusion defects on serial scans. Two hundred twelve
      patient hospitalizations were analyzed. We diagnosed acute pulmonary embolism by
      serial lung perfusion scans or at autopsy in 37 patients. The incidence of
      pulmonary embolism in 40 patients with below the knee amputation was too low to
      warrant conclusions. The incidence of acute pulmonary embolism in 94 patients
      undergoing above the knee amputation was 25% in patients receiving heparin and
      27% in patients receiving saline. The incidence of acute pulmonary embolism in 78
      patients undergoing hip surgery was 13% in patients receiving heparin and 12% in
      patients receiving saline. We conclude that the regimen used had no significant
      effect on the incidence of acute pulmonary embolism in patients undergoing hip
      surgery or above the knee amputation.

PMID- 697432
TI  - Abdominosacral resection for carcinoma of the midrectum: ten years experience.
AB  - Abdominosacral resection allows curative resection of midrectal cancer with
      excellent preservation of sphincter function. In the last ten years 427 patients
      underwent resection for rectal carcinoma at University Hospital by one surgeon.
      (SAL) The operation, selected by preoperative sigmoidoscopic measurement, was
      anterior resection (AR) in 239, abdominosacral resection (ASR) in 100, and
      abdominoperineal resection (APR) in 88. Operative mortality was 1.7% for AR, 2%
      for ASR and 2.3% for APR. All patients were completely continent of stool and
      flatus after AR and ASR. Follow-up is complete in 194 of 195 patients treated
      five to ten years ago. Five year survival for curative resection (no distant
      metastases) was 67.3% after AR (66/98), 58.3% after ASR (21/36), and 50% after
      APR (15/30). For patients without tumor in lymph nodes, survival rates were 78.3%
      for AR, 64.3% for ASR and 63.2% for APR. With involvement of regional nodes,
      survival fell to 41.4% for AR, 37.5% for ASR and 27.3% for APR. For lesions at 5
      8.5 cm, five year survival was 61.1% for ASR and 58.3% for APR. No statistical
      difference in survival time was noted when patients were matched for age, sex,
      level of lesion and extent of spread. Pelvic recurrences were detected in 16.7%
      after ASR, 15.3% after AR and 33.3% after APR. All of the pelvic recurrences
      after ASR and the majority of those after AR and APR occurred in patients with
      tumor invasion of perirectal fat. These data strongly support the applicability
      of ASR as an important advance in the treatment of midrectal cancer. Although
      technically demanding, ASR has permitted preservation of anal continence without
      sacrifice of long-term cure in approximately 50% of patients who would otherwise
      have required APR.

PMID- 697433
TI  - Use of CEA as an indicator of early recurrence and as a guide to a selected
      second-look procedure in patients with colorectal cancer.
AB  - The usefulness of the CEA as an indicator of recurrence and a guide to selected
      second-look surgery was evaluated from a retrospective analysis of 358 patients
      with colorectal cancer and from a prospective experience with 16 patients all of
      whom had been admitted for second-look surgery because of postoperative
      elevations of CEA only. Our previous experience had shown that after curative
      resection the CEA usually returned to normal levels (less than 5 ng/ml) within
      one month, but became elevated at time of clinically obvious recurrence being
      very high in patients with liver metastases, but only moderately elevated or
      normal in patients with local recurrence. All 16 patients had previously had
      curative resection of colorectal cancer; 13 in the rectum or rectosigmoid and
      three in the right colon. There were 13 Dukes' C and three Dukes' B cancers. All
      had been followed clinically and by CEA testing at three monthly intervals and
      were considered free of disease (NED) at time of CEA elevation. The median
      disease free interval was 13 months (range 4-57 months) and the median CEA
      prompting admission for second-look operation was 21 ng/ml (range 10-56 ng/ml).
      The sites of recurrence were liver in six, lung in two and localized disease in
      six. Two patients had negative exploration for recurrence and were found to have
      cholelithiasis only (one of these later died of metastases). Resection for cure
      was done in seven and palliative resection or biopsy only was done in nine
      patients. At this time, four patients are NED (12-37 months), five are living
      with disease (10-16 months) and seven have died of disease (2-12 months). The CEA
      test provides a method of early detection of recurrence and may permit surgical
      retrieval in selected patients and earlier initiation of palliation in other
      patients. The longterm effects in patient salvage remain to be defined.

PMID- 697435
TI  - The relationship between transfusion and hypoxemia in combat casualties.
AB  - The relationship between transfusion and subsequent hypoxemia was examined
      retrospectively in the records of combat casualties studied by the first three
      U.S. Army Surgical Research Teams in Vietnam. There was no evident relationship
      in 425 casualties studied before anesthesia and operation. In 199 casualties
      studied preoperatively and on at least two of the first three postoperative days,
      there was no evident relationship in those with injuries not involving the chest
      or abdomen. Eighteen such casualties received over ten units of blood each
      (average 24.5) and exhibited subsequent changes in arterial oxygen tension (PaO2)
      which were indistinguishable from those transfused lesser amounts or not all.
      Similar observations were made in casualties with injuries to the abdomen,
      although there was a tendency to lower PaO2 two days after injury in those
      heavily transfused. In those with thoracic injury, there was statistically
      significantly lower PaO2 on the first two postoperative days in those heavily
      transfused. Two possible interpretations are considered, one that blood
      transfusion contributed to hypoxemia, and alternatively, that a greater magnitude
      of the injuries accounted for both the worsened hypoxemia and the need for more
      transfusions. The latter was thought more likely. The differences in PaO2 related
      to the type of injury exceeded the differences associated with transfusion.

PMID- 697434
TI  - Treatment of Budd-Chiari syndrome by side-to-side portacaval shunt: experimental
      and clinical results.
AB  - The Budd-Chiari syndrome caused by occlusion of the major hepatic veins, often of
      unknown etiology, is typically characterized by massive ascites, hepatomegaly and
      abdominal pain due to intense congestion of the liver. The outcome has almost
      always been fatal. This report describes an evaluation of side-to-side portacaval
      shunt in dogs with experimental Budd-Chiari syndrome and in six patients with
      hepatic vein thrombosis. In the animal studies, side-to-side portacaval shunt was
      very effective in relieving massive ascites, hepatomegaly, hepatic congestion and
      portal hypertension produced by ligation of the hepatic veins. Only one of 24
      dogs with side-to-side anastomosis reformed ascites, 67% of the animals survived
      until the study was concluded after one year, and liver biopsies showed reversal
      of the severe pathologic abnormalities. In contrast, all 20 control dogs
      subjected to a sham laparotomy, and all 20 dogs that underwent end-to-side
      portacaval shunt reformed massive ascites and died within six months with
      continued hepatic congestion and necrosis. All six patients with the Budd-Chiari
      syndrome due to hepatic vein occlusion had massive ascites (4.4-15.9 l),
      hepatomegaly, abdominal pain and disturbed liver function. In all six,
      angiography demonstrated occlusion of the hepatic veins with a patent inferior
      vena cava (IVC) and a normal IVC pressure, and liver biopsy showed intense
      centrilobular congestion and necrosis. The most valuable diagnostic study was
      angiography of the IVC and hepatic veins with pressure measurements. Side-to-side
      portacaval shunt was performed from four to 14 weeks after the onset of symptoms,
      and produced dramatic and sustained relief of ascites in five of the six patients
      during follow-up periods of from eight months to seven years. Liver function
      returned to normal, hepatosplenomegaly disappeared, none of the survivors
      developed portal-systemic encephalopathy, and follow-up liver biopsies showed
      disappearance of congestion and necrosis, but mild to moderate fibrosis. One
      patient died following an emergency IVC thrombectomy and portacaval shunt, which
      was undertaken when, during the course of his workup, his condition deteriorated
      suddenly because the thrombotic process extended from the hepatic veins into the
      IVC. The everpresent risk of this complication, and the dangers associated with
      delaying operation were emphasized by this case. It is concluded that side-to
      side portacaval shunt, which decompresses the liver by converting the portal vein
      into an outflow tract, provides effective treatment of the Budd-Chiari syndrome
      when the occlusive process is confined to the hepatic veins.

PMID- 697436
TI  - Opsonic alpha2 surface binding glycoprotein therapy during sepsis.
AB  - A pronounced depletion of an opsonic protein for hepatic reticuloendothelial (RE)
      phagocytosis has been demonstrated in critically ill trauma patients. This
      opsonic alpha(2) surface binding (SB) glycoprotein has immunologic identity and a
      similar amino acid composition to cold insoluble globulin (CIg). Since CIg can be
      concentrated in cryoprecipitate, it was utilized as a readily available source of
      opsonic alpha(2)SB glycoprotein for replacement therapy after injury with
      documented hypoopsonemia. Six septic patients (2 multiple trauma, 2 thermal burn,
      and 2 intra-abdominal abscess) were studied to test whether cryoprecipitate
      infusion would restore this humoral component. Pre- and posttherapy opsonin
      levels were determined by bioassay and electroimmunoassay. In all patients,
      severe opsonin depletion was reversed following cryoprecipitate infusion. All
      patients had a rapid improvement in febrile state, normalization of leukocyte
      levels, and improvement in pulmonary function as evidenced by decreasing
      requirements for end expiratory pressure at lowered levels of inspired oxygen.
      One patient was studied more extensively and demonstrated an increase in cardiac
      output, limb blood flow, total body and limb oxygen delivery, total body and limb
      oxygen consumption and a progressive decrease in pulmonary shunt fraction. Thus,
      opsonic alpha(2)SB glycoprotein deficiency can be reversed by cryoprecipitate
      infusion in critically ill septic injured patients. Replacement of this humoral
      factor may be an important therapeutic modality in prevention of multiple organ
      failure, but it should be administered only after documentation of hypoopsonemia
      in traumatized patients.

PMID- 697437
TI  - The use of silastic transhepatic stents in benign and malignant biliary
      strictures.
AB  - Between 1969 and 1978, 45 patients with biliary strictures have been managed
      surgically utilizing silastic transhepatic stents. In 25 patients the strictures
      were benign. After resection or dilatation of the benign stricture, an
      hepaticojejunostomy was performed to a Roux-en-Y loop. The anastomosis was
      stented with a large bore silastic tube with multiple side holes passed through
      the biliary tree, out the anterior surface of the liver, and then out through the
      abdominal wall. There was one hospital death. Most stents were left in place for
      one year. Of the 15 patients with long-term follow-up, all have had excellent
      results. In 20 patients the strictures were malignant and involved the common
      hepatic duct in 10 patients or its bifuraction in 10 patients. In 14 patients the
      tumor was thought to be primary in the biliary tree, and in six patients the
      tumor was felt to represent a metastasis or direct extension from another site.
      In three patients the tumors were resected, and in the remaining they were
      dilated or bypassed. After positioning a silastic transhepatic stent, a
      hepaticojejunostomy was carried out. There were two hospital deaths. Serum
      bilirubin on admission average 17.1 mg%, and after decompression 1.8 mg%. Five
      patients have survived over one year, and two over two years. Postoperative
      radiotherapy and a primary biliary tumor favored longer survival.

PMID- 697439
TI  - Panel on National Health Insurance.

PMID- 697438
TI  - One per cent incidence of recurrent gallstones six to eight years after
      manometric cholangiography.
AB  - The national incidence of retained and recurrent common duct stones is between 2
      and 7%. A prospective comparison of operative common duct pressure flow rates as
      opposed to operative cholangiography was commenced in 1968 to assay another
      diagnostic technique to assist in the reduction of this rather high incidence of
      recurrence. We are now reporting the 6-8 year follow-up data on the first 200
      patients, 190 (95%) of whom were reevaluated in 1977. In our inital reports we
      were surprised to find that our accuracy with flow and pressure studies was 93%,
      not significantly different from that found with operative cholangiography (92%).
      The measurements of flow, resting pressure, and opening pressure in the patients
      with stones or strictures at the lower end of the bile duct were each
      significantly different from those found in normal ducts (p < 0.001). We
      considered normal flow to be 10 ml/min saline at 30 cm of pressure and normal
      intrabiliary pressure to be less than 16 cm of saline was measured through the
      cystic duct. To date only one individual has had to undergo reoperation for
      stones and another for recurrent biliary obstruction. A third individual is
      suspected of, but not proven, to have a retained stone. No patient who had a
      normal operative cholangiogram, flow and pressure studies, has had a late
      recurrence of stones. We have presented the specifications of a new catheter for
      performing flow and pressure x-ray studies, which we feel may be used to
      primarily evaluate the distal duct with greater accuracy and clarity. We think
      that this inexpensive but reliable method has an important place in biliary
      surgery, particularly where operative cholangiography may not be available, or,
      for one reason or, another, is not reliable.

PMID- 697440
TI  - Epidemic of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Northern Sudan.
AB  - This paper describes the first epidemic of cutaneous leishmaniasis to be reported
      from the Sudan. The epidemic occurred in villages in an area extending for about
      100 km along the banks of the Nile between Shendi and Atbara. The disease
      affected people of all ages and the skin lesions, which were nodular or nodulo
      ulcerative, were usually multiple.

PMID- 697441
TI  - Thyroid function in hepatic schistosomiasis.
AB  - Serum thyroxine (T4), serum tri-iodothyronine (T3-uptake) and the free thyroxine
      index in 17 men suffering from hepatosplenic schistosomiasis did not differ
      significantly from those of ten healthy male controls. There was no correlation
      between these values and serum protein levels or liver function tests.

PMID- 697442
TI  - The nephrotic syndrome in the Sudan with special reference to schistosomal
      nephropathy. A preliminary morphological study.
AB  - The morphology of 68 renal biopsies from the Sudan is analysed. Schistosomal
      infection was more common among the nephrotic patients than in the average
      population (32% against less than 1%). In the schistosomal group the high
      incidence of focal sclerosing glomerulonephritis (28%) and of secondary
      amyloidosis (38%) was remarkable. The history is described of a boy in whom
      repeated biopsies showed the decrease of glomerular amyloid depositions
      accompanied by mesangial cell proliferation following treatment for
      schistosomiasis.

PMID- 697443
TI  - Human Ancylostoma infections in Nigeria.
AB  - An estimate of the proportion of infections with Ancylostoma duodenale and
      Necator americanus by the examination of larvae collected from the stools of 220
      persons infected with hookworm was made. Fifty-nine per cent of the infections
      were due to N. americanus only: A. duodenale always occurred in association with
      N. americanus. In 12% of the infections it is suggested that there were
      approximately three female A. duodenale to 95 female N. americanus. The highest
      numbers of A. duodenale in mixed infections (28 female A. duodenale with 45
      female N. americanus) occurred in only 1% of the infections. Evidence is given
      that egg size can be important in the differentiation of the two species. A
      method of calculating the proportion of the two hookworms, and hence of other
      intestinal nematodes, in mixed infections in an individual as well as in the
      general population, is also described.

PMID- 697444
TI  - Parasitological investigations on patients in Mash'had, Iran.

PMID- 697445
TI  - A survey of Anopheles gambiae (species A) and An. arabiensis (species B) of the
      An. gambiae Giles complex in the Kisumu area of Kenya following insecticidal
      spraying with OMS-43 (Fenitrothion).
AB  - After village huts in the Kisumu area of Kenya had been sprayed with a nominal 2
      g/m2 of OMS-43 (fenitrothion) as part of an insecticidal evaluation programme 964
      adults of the Anopheles gambiae complex collected from huts were identified
      cytogenetically as either An. gambiae (species A) or An. arabiensis (species B).
      Similarly, cytogenetic methods were used to identify 349 adults collected from
      granaries and artificial pit-shelters. In addition, 2203 larvae of the gambiae
      complex collected from different types of habitats were specifically identified
      cytogenetically. As in a previous survey made prior to insecticidal spraying,
      adults of An. arabiensis predominated in outdoor collections while An. gambiae
      was highly endophilic. However, it appeared that spraying with fenitrothion had
      resulted in an increase in both the degree of exophily in An. arabiensis and also
      its relative numbers in respect to An. gambiae, although the overall pooulation
      of both species was greatly reduced by spraying. Insecticidal spraying may have
      diverted both species from feeding on man to cattle. Except for one village,
      where larvae of An. arabiensis were commoner than expected in cattle hoof-prints,
      there was little difference between the selection of different types of larval
      habitats by the two sibling species. Chromosomal inversions were more common in
      adults of An. arabiensis than in An. gambiae.

PMID- 697446
TI  - A filtration method for schistosome egg quantification.

PMID- 697447
TI  - Faecal extract attracts copulating schistosomes.

PMID- 697448
TI  - Paragonimiasis in a bear cat, Arcticus binturong.

PMID- 697449
TI  - Hydatid cysts in spiny rats in Amazonas, Colombia.

PMID- 697451
TI  - Preliminary isoenzyme studies on phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae).

PMID- 697450
TI  - Erythrocyte attachment during microfilarial exsheathment.

PMID- 697452
TI  - [Electrocardiography of high frequency and pneumopathies].
AB  - High frequency electrocardiograms were studied in 19 patients with chronic
      neumopathies, pulmonary arterial hypertension and respiratory failure in the
      great majority. Studies were made of: a) the significance of conduction disorders
      in the right ventricle either at the fasciculary branch or within the mass of the
      ventricle with regard to the time of appearance and the length of the
      intrinsicoid deflection and its components. b) The duration of the electrical
      sistole of each ventricle in relation with hyperatrophy that results in sistolic
      over loading. c) An attempt was made to correlate the number of high frequency
      deflections (discontinuity of activity) with the prognosis.

PMID- 697453
TI  - [Analysis of empyrical factors for the determination of cardiac output].
AB  - With a method by which no recirculation was possible the area of a dilution curve
      was obtained. On this basis it was searched what percentage represents the
      forward triangle of the total surface of the curve. The role of the V/F of the
      sampling system on this portion of the curve was studied, surface from which the
      empirical constants for the estimation of the cardiac output derivates. The data
      obtained suggest that the forward surface triangle was V/F dependent V/F less
      than 1 gave smaller forward triangles, the opposite was true with V/F greater
      than 1. It was also found that V/F greater than 1 subestimate the total surface
      of the dye curve, which means cardiac outputs higher than the real. The forward
      surface of the curve was reduced to a minimal percentage of the total curve when
      a V/F less than 1 was used. Situation that makes this area non useful to obtain
      from them empirical factors. If an empirical factor is use in order to measure
      cardiac output it had to be accepted that an important grade of error is
      introduced.

PMID- 697454
TI  - [The diastolic function of the left ventricle. I. The ventricular suction].
AB  - The paper describes the normal and pathological characteristics of left
      ventricular filling. There are described some of the most sophisticated methods
      of assessing left ventricular function: The volume-time curve, the rate of change
      of left ventricular volume (dV/dt) and the pressure-volume loop. It is discussed
      the phenomenon of ventricular diastolic suction as an accessory mechanism of
      filling in some restrictive disorders.

PMID- 697455
TI  - [Precordial heart beats in myocardial infarct (clinical and electrocardiographic
      study in 40 cases)].
AB  - The precordial K1 to K6 cinetocardiograms in 40 patients with Myocardial
      Infarction (10 recent and 30 old) were studied. These were compared with the
      findings of the precordial palpetion, electrocardiograms, and the radiologic
      studies. In the recent infarcts, all the patients presented abnormal systolic
      "annoyances", 50% of which were palpable. In the old infarcts, 90% had abnormal
      cinetocardiograms and 63% had pathological precordial beats. The anterior
      infarcts tend to present "sounds" more to the right of the precordium than the
      posterior-inferiors. The diffuse cardiac hypokinesia may give normal
      cinetocardiograms. The severity of the myocardial disturbance is directly related
      to the precordial extension occupied by the abnormal systolic "annoyances". An
      aneurismectomy may cause the disappearance of the pathogenesis of these
      phenomena.

PMID- 697456
TI  - [Disorders of the right intraventricular conduction in chronic pulmonary
      hypertensive cardiopathy].
AB  - Disorders of the right intraventricular conduction were analyzed in cases of
      chronic pulmonary hypertensive cardiopathy (C.P.H.C.), diagnosed on basis of the
      anatomic data. The series studied here (40 cases) was obtained from the review of
      3,000 reports of autopsies at the Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia de Mexico.
      Thickness of the free right ventricular wall, thickness of the interventricular
      septum at three levels, thickness of Wolf's spur and the circumference of the 4
      valvular rings, were determined in each heart. Haemodynamic studies and
      respiratory function tests were revised in those cases in which they had been
      practiced. Electrocardiographic study essentially analyzes the time of onset of
      intrinsicoid deflection as well as the morphology of ventricular complexes in the
      unipolar leads. In 37 cases (92.5%), a disturbance of the right intraventricular
      conduction was present. R.B.B.B. was observed in 29 cases (72.5%): 12 of minor
      degree, 19 of intermediate and 1 of advanced degree. Right peripheral block was
      diagnosed in 8 cases (20%): anterior type in 2 cases (5%); posterior type in 6
      cases (15%). In the cases with R.B.B.B., the anatomic data of right ventricular
      hypertrophy were predominant; in those with R.A.S.B., anatomical data suggested
      right ventricular enlargement. The facts exposed here permit the following
      conclusions: 1) Diagnosis of right fascicular block can be suggested even in the
      presence of hypertrophy of the corresponding ventricle. 2) Hypertrophy of the
      right ventricle appears more directly related to the homolateral bundle branch
      block than to distal or segmentary blocks. 3) Topographic diagnosis of delay in
      the right ventricle activation process can be established by an
      electrocardiographic thoracic mapping that permits to explore the ventricular
      structures at different levels.

PMID- 697457
TI  - [Double outlet of the right ventricle with anterior aorta to the left of the
      pulmonary artery in situs solitus].
AB  - Two cases of double outlet of the right ventricle with an anterior aorta to the
      left of the pulmonary artery are described. Both in situs solitus. One had an
      anterior interventricular communication, and other had a middle posterior
      communication. The importance of the aortic component of the second sound is
      analyzed with regard to its localization and intensity. An analysis is also made
      of the morphology of the cardiac silhouette and the peculiarities of the
      electrocardiogram as diagnostic aides in the malformation. Considerations are
      made of the distinct theories which explain the malformation. It is clearly shown
      that a correct diagnosis is necessary since this cardiopathy may be treated
      surgically.

PMID- 697458
TI  - [Duplication of the mitral and tricuspid valvular orifice. Study of 10 cases].
AB  - Ten patients with duplication of the atrioventricular valves were studied, nine
      of them with the double orifice located in the mitral valve and the other one in
      the tricuspid. In two cases the diameter of the secondary valve was the same as
      that of the normal valve, and in the other 8 cases, it was smaller; each had its
      own valvular apparatus with chordae tendinae attached to papillary muscles
      located in different sites. The principal malformation in nine was ostium primum.
      One of the cases with mitral duplication had pulmonary atresia, an association
      which has never before been published. In five patients regurgitation of the
      secondary orifice was present; the diagnosis was made during surgery in nine
      cases and at necropsy in one. The orifice was sutured in three cases because of
      regurgitation. Four patients died in the immediate post-operative period,
      including the one with pulmonary atresia. The other three had pulmonary
      hypertension. These findings agree with the literature. The etiological
      hypotheses are discussed and emphasis is given to the importance of the finding
      of a narrow jet of contrast material directed upward and to the right in the left
      angiocardiogram in frontal plane. The authors believe that this may be an
      important sign in diagnosing cases with ostium primum septal defect; taking into
      account the fact that double mitral orifice is the cause of valvular
      insufficiency, this can be the site of bacterial endocarditis and usually needs
      to be surgically closed.

PMID- 697459
TI  - [Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and isoenzymes. Correlation with myocardial
      damage].
AB  - 1). The MB electrophoretic fraction of the serum CPK is specific in the diagnosis
      old acute myocardial infarction. 2). It allows us to differentiate ischaemia from
      myocardial necrosis. 3). The absence of this fraction, when found out during a
      period of 12 to 24 hours after the start of the angina attack allows us to deny
      the presence of acute myocardial infarction with a high index of precision. 4).
      Our results show that the serum sample should be obtained between 12 and 24 hours
      after starting the clinical case, in order to get a higher sensibility and
      specificity. 5). The quantification of MB fraction might be useful in the
      calculation of the amount of cardial muscle destroyed. When calculating the
      amount of cardial muscle destroyed of 125 cases (12.5%) with positive diagnosis
      of reinfarction and among the same 125, 12 were found occurring for the third
      time. Is possible that the real frequency of the iterative infarction is even
      higher, because many cases were dismissed (27.7%) for lack of
      electrocardiographic data, clearly pointing to myocardial transmural infarction.
      6). Investigations were conduced about the evolutative condition of the danger
      factors.

PMID- 697460
TI  - [Prevention of recurrence of rheumatic cardiopathy in 564 patients].
AB  - In a group of 564 patients with rheumatic heart disease seen in the period from
      1971 to 1975, who were under benzatinic prophylaxis, 23% were seen in the clinic
      and 77% at home. The object of this revision is to analyze the latter group in
      order to obtain the frequency of pharyngoamigdaline infections, and of relapses.
      1. During the observation, those patients who did not present pharyngeal
      infections had no relapses. On the other hand, all relapses were observed in
      those patients who presented infections. 2. Those patients who carried out the
      prophylaxis incorrectly and who also presented pharyngeal infections, had almost
      twice the percentage of relapses as those who carried out the prophylaxis
      correctly. 3. In the group with effective prophylaxis, including those cases with
      or without pharyngeal infection, 5% had recurrences. In the group with
      ineffective prophylaxis, 16% had relapses. 4. Those patients with subsequent
      attacks doubled the percentage of relapses in comparison with those with initial
      attacks. 5. The plurivalvular patients have a higher frequency of recurrences
      than the univalvular patients. 6. During the first year of post-attack
      prophylaxis, the incidence of relapses is only 1.7%, in comparison with the
      following years in which there is a higher incidence of around 10%. 7. The total
      number of recurrences in 564 patients was 8%.

PMID- 697461
TI  - [Myocardial reinfarction in male and female].
AB  - 1). In 1001 patients with acute myocardial infarction 403 cases were found
      (40.2%) showing possible relapse. A study was made of 125 cases (12.5%) with
      positive diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction relapse, and among them, 12
      were found to be occurring for the third time. Is possible for the real frequency
      of the iterative infarction to be even higher, because many cases were dismissed
      (27.7%) for lacking of conclusive electrocardiographic data pointing to
      myocardial transmural infarction. 2). Investigations were conducted about the
      evolutive condition of the danger factors in the coronary profile as well in the
      male as in the female group. Besides, a comparative study was made about
      symptoms, complications, morbidity and mortality. Clinical, enzimatic and
      electrocardiographic proofs were found, in every case, of a new myocardial
      transmural necrosis which was in evolution, with waves of injury and ischemia.
      Thirty eight deaths were registered in hospitals (30.4%) and in 25 of these, a
      necropsic study was conducted. 3). This illness is more frequent among men than
      among women, in a 3.5 to 1 proportion. The recurrent myocardial necrosis tends to
      be more frequently present during the first year following the first episode. In
      women, the first myocardial infarction as well as the iterative infarction occur
      at an older age than in men. 4). The influence of personality and stress is a
      very important factor of danger in the iterative infarction. Familiar antecedents
      of ischemic cardiopathy constitute a danger factor in patients presenting a
      single episode of myocardial infarction; nevertheless they don't seem to have a
      determining influence in this group of relapsing infarction. Although this study
      confirms with statistics that smoking has a decisive influence in the first
      myocardial infarction, neither frequency nor mortality of the relapsing
      infarction are in any way modified by the diminishing or suppression of the
      smoking habit.

PMID- 697462
TI  - [Ventricular fibrillation in the coronary care unit].

PMID- 697463
TI  - [Value of echocardiography in the diagnosis of myxoma of the left auricle].
AB  - We have been able to differentiate the right pre-operatory diagnosis of mixoma in
      the left auricle versus "tumor" caused by hypertrophy and fusion of the papillary
      muscles of the left ventricle in a severe mitral stenosis. In the mixoma we find
      the echoes only in the ventricular diastole and not in the sistole; there is a
      place without echoes in the protodiastole--which has a diagnosis value, and
      sometimes in the telediastole. When it is a "tumor" in the fusioned papillary
      muscles of the left ventricle, echoes can be found in ventricular diastole and
      sistole and there are not spaces without echoes in the protodiastole as it is
      usual in the pedicled tumors of the left auricle. We have found a new sign to
      predict the existence of a tumor in the left auricle instead of a mitral
      stenosis; if we find echoes in the left auricle during the ventricular sistole,
      we will observe that the front edges of the waves form a capital W, and the back
      ones form a small w. In the central portions of both ws, the waves go forward as
      it should happen in the mitral valve when existing a real mitral stenosis.
      Nevertheless, as this central portion is surrounded by a space without echoes, it
      means that the tumor is a pedicled one, constitutes an obstruction and is causing
      similar signs to those pertaining to the mitral stenosis.

PMID- 697464
TI  - [Possibilities in the prevention of atherosclerosis].

PMID- 697466
TI  - [Levels of total hemolytic complement, C3, C4 and antibodies against the
      myocardium in rheumatic fever].
AB  - The levels of the hemolytic complement (UH 50%), C3, C4 and the antibodies
      against myocardium and against the antigenic fractions of myocardium precipitated
      with ammonium sulphate were studied in 8 patients with active rehumatic fever
      (ARF), 28 with inactive rheumatic fever (IRF) and 26 people without cardiopaties
      (NI). The UH 50% was low in 2 out of 36 patients with rheumatic fever (RF). C3
      was normal and C4 low in 12.5% of the ARF patients. C3 had subnormal values in
      25% and C4 in 33% of IRF patients, this last value had a stadistic significant
      decrease with respect to the values of C4  in normal people. The 36 patients with
      RF had antibodies against the myocardium and also against the heart antigenic
      fractions precipitated with 10% ammonium sulphate. 11.5% of the normal group had
      anti-myocardial antibodies and none had antibodies against the fractions. The
      levels of anti-streptolysin-O and C-reactive protein were higher in the ARF group
      than in the patients with IRF or the normal people. The participation of the
      hemolytic complement, the anti-myocardium antibodies, the anti-streptococcus
      antibodies and the cytophilic activity in the etiopathogeny of rheumatic fever is
      discussed.

PMID- 697465
TI  - [Experimental posterior necrosis of the right ventricle].

PMID- 697467
TI  - [The electrical mass; a new electrocardiographic index to calculate the muscular
      mass of the left ventricle].
AB  - We have developed an empirical mathematic formula which allows us to measure the
      muscular mass of the left ventricle. It expresses, in grams/square meter of
      corporal surface, the result of the correlation (r = 0.865) between the mass
      calculated by echocardiography and an index we call "Electric Mass of the Left
      Ventricle" (E.M.L.V.) and which equals the intrinsic deflection of V6 multiplied
      by R height in V6, cubed and divided by the corporal surface. The developing of a
      corrective factor (a factor of correction) allows us to express in grams/square
      meter the muscular mass measured by the electrocardiogram. The final formula is
      E.V. = Log. (1 + Nat. Log of the electric mass) + 56.66(3). The values obtained
      through this formula give us a correlation of r = 0.834.

PMID- 697468
TI  - [Pulmonary arterial hypertension in disorders of oxygen diffusion].
AB  - Twenty three cases with impairment of greater than 40% of DLCO were studied in a
      search of frequency, severity and pathophysiological mechanisms of PAH.
      Hemodinamic studies, pulmonary angiography (PA), lung scan (LS), lung biopsies
      (LB) were performed. The venous admixture was estimated and expressed as
      percentage ratio of the cardiac output (Qva/Qt x 100). Anatomical pulmonary
      artery to vein shunt (Qs/Qt) was estimated breathing pure O2. Ninety one percent
      of cases had PAH; mild to moderate in 76% of cases. Cardiac index (CI) was less
      than 2.8 in 26% and greater than 4.2 in 39%. The right ventricular work index
      (RVWI) was greater than 1.25 in 86%. The alveolar arterial oxygen tension
      gradient (A-aDO2) was abnormal in all cases (greater than 18 mmHg) with a Qva/Qt
      of greater than 30% in 78% of these cases. The Qs/Qt was found 6% in 39% of
      cases. IN CONCLUSION: PAH was mild to moderate in DL impairment. The RVWI was
      usually increased with a normal or high CI. Increase in Qva/Qt that result from
      V/Q abnormalities and extreme impairment of DL is to be considered as the major
      factor functional features in the genesis of PAH. Reduction of the cross
      sectional area of the pulmonary vascular bed and lung function abnormalities are
      equally important relevants features in the genesis of PAH.

PMID- 697470
TI  - [Correlation between findings of exertion ECG with 12 derivations and
      coronoriography].
AB  - A coronary angiography was taken to 80 patients whose twelve leads exercise ECG
      had been found positive. This group included 38 patients with old myocardial
      infarction and 42 with coronary insuficiency. When looking for a relation
      between: 1. The amount of positivity in the exercise ECG and the number on
      injured vessels, and 2. the ischemia located in the effort test and the blocked
      vessels shown by the angiography. We found a reasonable relation between the
      exercise ECG and the severity of the injuries. This co-relation is of 100%
      between the old infarction area and the severe or total obstruction of the
      corresponding vessel. It was observed then, that a close relation exists between
      the ischemia area and the obstructive injuries. In a second group of 15 patients
      we failed to find atero sclerotic injuries in the corresponding vessel, but
      observed some vascular anomalies which explained the ischemia. The effort test
      with twelve leads exercise ECG makes easier the localization of obstructions,
      single or multiple, on the area supposedly affected.

PMID- 697469
TI  - [Left ventricular function in pure mitral stenosis (1)].

PMID- 697471
TI  - [Rupture of the teflon cover of valvular prosthesis in aortic position. Severe
      postoperative complication].
AB  - Fourteen patients (18.5%) are presented from a total of 78 patients who received
      a Starr-Edwards prosthesis Model No. 2320 with a Telfon covering, in an aortic
      position. In the late post-operative period these patients developed
      complications which merited a surgical reintervention. Twelve of these were
      operated on to substitute this prosthesis for a distinct type and model. In the
      other two the teflon covering on the cage of the prosthesis was dried thoroughly.
      The most frequent complication which made it necessary to reoperate was
      hemolysis, which would not cede to intense medical treatment. The hemolysis
      appeared at an average of 20 months post-operatively. In all of the cases we
      found a rupture due to erosion of the telfon material. This is undoubtably an
      etiological factor of the hemolysis. Eleven of the 14 cases (78.5%) survived. Ten
      of which were possible to follow up on a long term basis. Seven of these (70%)
      are asymptomatic and the remaining 3 (30%) are evolving with data suggestive of
      peri-prosthetic aortic insuficiency. A review is made of the evolution of Starr
      Edwards prosthesis and the causes of the post-operative hemolysis in valvular
      surgery.

PMID- 697472
TI  - [Aldosteronism after hypokalemia in diuretic therapy of systemic arterial
      hypertension].
AB  - Twenty-two cases with essential arterial hypertension were studied in the final
      part of a chronic period of treatment with Chlortalidona and in the first 30 days
      after treatment. Measurements of the following parameters were made: 1) Change in
      the excretion of urinary aldosterone (aldo). 2) Change in the arterial pressure
      (delta P). 3) Transtherapeutic serum potassium (delta K). 4) Change in the Q-T
      (delta QT) in the electrocardiogram. The measurements were made 3 days after the
      suppression of the drug and afterwards every 3 to 6 days for a month. The
      correlation of the K and QT was significant (r = 0.63). The P did not correlate
      with the K nor with the aldo (r = 0.14). The aldo was -5.92 +/- 3.1 ug./24 hs (p
      = 0.01) in those cases responsive to the drug. The disappearance of the
      antihypertensive effect occurred at 9.61 +/- 3.7 days and correlated with the
      normalization of the QT (r = 0.83) and the serum potassium. The delta aldo
      correlated with K (r = 0.56) and normalized 6.7 days after the suspension of the
      drug. The secondary aldosteronism participates in the parogenia of the
      transtherapeutic hypokalemia although with a slightly significant correlation.
      The important correlation between the disappearances of the antihypertensive
      effects and the electrocardiographic signs of hypokalemia may dwell in changes
      which directly or indirectly exercise the diuretic in the intracellular
      metabolism of K without necessarily cousing an antihypertensive effect additive
      of the same hypokalemia.

PMID- 697473
TI  - [Pulmonary thromboembolism in heart disease].
AB  - In heart disease (HD) pulmonary emboli (PE) is seen with same frequency at
      necropsy as in the general hospital population. There is more mortality in
      patients with HD than in those without it. The patient with HD rarely is
      asymptomatic during the pulmonary embolization. Symptoms, signs and laboratory
      abnormalities occurs with the same frequency in both groups of patients with PE,
      but some symptoms and clinical signs, and also laboratory abnormalities could pre
      exist in the patients with HD, situation that dificulties the clinical diagnosis
      of PE. Particular value should be given to the symptoms and signs for the
      diagnosis in the patients with HD when they progress. In patients with HD the
      arrithmias were more common and also the pulmonary infection, for these reasons
      monitorization and the use on antibiotics should be routenely.

PMID- 697474
TI  - [Formation of the cell wall during the formation of Entamoeba invadens cysts].
AB  - The presence of chitin in the walls of E. invadens cysts has provided a new way
      to study the process of encystation, since chitin stains intensely in the
      presence of Calcofluor white M2R, a fluroescent dye. With this technique we have
      observed various stages in the differentiation of trophozoite membrane, then the
      cyst is formed inside the trophozoite and finally the cyst leaves the trophozoite
      after partial degradation of trophozoite body.

PMID- 697475
TI  - [Redistribution of surface antigens of Entamoeba histolytica and their
      immunochemical characteristics].

PMID- 697476
TI  - [Determination of the alternative complement pathway in patients with amebic
      liver abscess].
AB  - The activation of the alternative pathway of complement in the sera of patients
      with amebic liver abscess was studied. Of 11 sera examined, only six showed an
      activation of the alternative pathway. However, all sera showed diminished levels
      of complement (CH50) and C3, in spite of normal levels of C1q. The results
      suggest that the sera of patients with invasive amebiasis have a substance
      capable of activating the properdin pathway. The significance of these
      observations is not completely clear at the present time.

PMID- 697477
TI  - [Induction of protective anti-ameba immunity with new antigens in the suckling
      hamster. c. Technics used; macroscopic lesions].

PMID- 697478
TI  - [Induction of protective anti-ameba immunity with new antigens in the suckling
      hamster. d. Histopathology].

PMID- 697479
TI  - [Induction of protective anti-ameba immunity with new antigens in the suckling
      hamster. e. Immunologic reaction].

PMID- 697480
TI  - [Induction of protective anti-ameba immunity with new antigens in the suckling
      hamster. e. Comments and conclusions].

PMID- 697481
TI  - Reproducibility of indirect hemagglutination and countercurrent electrophoresis
      tests on sera from patients in an area of endemic amebiasis.

PMID- 697482
TI  - Serologic responses in amebiasis.
AB  - Serologic tests for amebiasis, utilizing antigens prepared from Entamoeba
      histolytica HK-9, axenic culture in Diamond's media, have demonstrated
      reproducible results with good clinical correlation. The indirect
      hemagglutination test was positive in 100 per cent of all cases with hepatic
      abscess, in 99 per cent of cases of amebic dysentery and in 60 per cent of
      asymptomatic carriers. A population of uninfected subjects yielded less than 1
      per cent of individuals with demonstrable amebic antibodies. Similarly, the
      complement fixation test was 100 per cent positive for the liver abscess, 91 per
      cent positive for patients with amebic dysentery, 23 per cent positive for
      asymptomatic carriers, and 0 per cent positive for the uninfected control group.
      The antibody responses to amebic antigens are discussed.

PMID- 697483
TI  - [Intestinal amebiasis in children. I. Occurrence and characteristics of various
      clinical forms. Preliminary report].

PMID- 697485
TI  - [Present status of the diagnosis and treatment of invasive amebiasis caused by
      Entamoeba histolytica. I. Usefulness of ultrasonography in the diagnosis and
      evolution of amebic liver abscess].

PMID- 697484
TI  - [Intestinal amebiasis in children II. Evaluation of various diagnostic technics
      and different therapeutic regimens].
AB  - The diagnostic usefulness of different laboratory tests was evaluated in 20 cases
      of invasive intestinal amebiasis: the direct coproparasitoscopic exam in mucus
      obtained by rectoscopy was positive in 90.0 per cent of cases; the same exam done
      in mucus obtained by the spoon technique was positive in 40.0 per cent. The serum
      antibodies investigated by the counterimmunoelectrophoresis technique were found
      in 40.0 per cent of the cases in the first blood sample obtained at the hospital
      admisssion, and 15 days later this percentage increased to 66.6 percent. The
      fecal antigen studied by the ELISA technique was positive in 70.0 per cent of the
      cases. Simultaneously, the therapeutic effectiveness of emetine and metronidazol
      was evaluated, and with both therapeutic programs total recovery was obtained in
      100.0 per cent of the cases; there were no significative differences in the
      symptoms duration after the start of therapy, and side effects were not observed.
      The results must be considered preliminary, because the calculated full sample
      has not been concluded.

PMID- 697486
TI  - [Present status of the diagnosis and treatment of invasive amebiasis caused by
      Entamoeba histolytica. II. Current status of hepatic scintillography].

PMID- 697487
TI  - [Present status of the diagnosis and treatment of invasive amebiasis caused by
      Entamoeba histolytica. III. Medical treatment of amebiasis].

PMID- 697488
TI  - [Present status of the diagnosis and treatment of invasive amebiasis caused by
      Entamoeba histolytica. IV. Surgical treatment of the complications of invasive
      amebiasis].

PMID- 697489
TI  - [Composition of the cell wall of Entamoeba invadens cysts].
AB  - Cyst walls isolated from Entamoeba invadens have a microfibrillar structure. The
      main sugars detected in acid hydrolysates from walls were hexosamines. X-ray
      diffraction analysis of the cyst walls demonstrated that the only crystalline
      polymer present was chitin.

PMID- 697490
TI  - Studies on postoperative pulmonary complications after surgery for esophageal
      cancer: especially the relationship between the vagus nerve and the pulmonary
      complication. Part 1: Clinical observation.

PMID- 697491
TI  - Initiating factors in formation of cholesterol gallstones.

PMID- 697492
TI  - [Microangiographic study of the alimentary canal in malignant and benign lesions
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 697493
TI  - [Microcirculation in the human stomach cancer and experimentally implanted VX2
      carcinoma in the rabbit intestine (author's transl)].

PMID- 697494
TI  - Treatment of intrahepatic gallstones.

PMID- 697496
TI  - [Possibilities of injury through harpoons].

PMID- 697495
TI  - [A case report of the Hodgkin disease of the stomach (author's transl)].

PMID- 697497
TI  - [Ritual finger amputations. A contribution on the diagnosis of intentional self
      mutilation using an axe].

PMID- 697498
TI  - [Affective killing. A criminological study based on the case Adolf D].

PMID- 697499
TI  - Nitrate and nitrite reductase negative mutants of N2-fixing Azospirillum spp.
AB  - Chlorate resistant spontaneous mutants of Azospirillum spp. (syn. Spirillum
      lipoferum) were selected in oxygen limited, deep agar tubes with chlorate. Among
      20 mutants from A. brasilense and 13 from A. lipoferum all retained their
      functional nitrogenase and 11 from each species were nitrate reductase negative
      (nr-). Most of the mutants were also nitrite reductase negative (nir-), only 3
      remaining nir+. Two mutants from nr+ nir+ parent strains lost only nir and became
      like the nr+ nir- parent strain of A. brasilense. No parent strain or nr+ mutant
      showed any nitrogenase activity with 10 mM NO3-. In all nr- mutants, nitrogenase
      was unaffected by 10 mM NO3-. Nitrite inhibited nitrogenase activity of all
      parent strains and mutants including those which were nir-. It seems therefore,
      that inhibition of nitrogenase by nitrate is dependent on nitrate reduction.
      Under aerobic conditions, where nitrogenase activity is inhibited by oxygen,
      nitrate could be used as sole nitrogen source for growth of the parent strains
      and one mutant (nr- nir-) and nitritite of the parent strains and 10 mutants (all
      types). This indicates the loss of both assimilatory and dissimilatory nitrate
      reduction but only dissimilatory nitrite reduction in the mutants selected with
      chlorate.

PMID- 697500
TI  - Investigations of the pigments from Cytophaga johnsonae Cy jl. New flexirubin
      type pigments.
AB  - Besides carotenoids a complex of flexirubin-type pigments was isolated from the
      gliding bacterium Cytophaga johnsonae Cy jl and separated into 6 components,
      which partly containe chlorine. In spite of the fact that these components still
      consist of pigment mixtures, the gross structures of 18 new flexirubin-type
      pigments could be deduced by spectroscopic and chemical investigations. The
      results open insights into biosynthesis and structural variety of the
      flexirubins, the novel non-isoprenoid pigments recently found in Flexibacter
      elegans.

PMID- 697501
TI  - Reisolation of the carbon monoxide utilizing hydrogen bacterium Pseudomonas
      carboxydovorans (Kistner) comb. nov.
AB  - From enrichment cultures four carbon monoxide utilizing bacteria were isolated;
      strain OM5 isolated from waste water was studied in detail. The cells are Gram
      negative, slightly curved rods, motile by a single subpolarly inserted flagellum.
      The colonies are smooth, translucent and not slimy. The cells are able to grow
      autotrophically in mineral medium under an atmosphere of 40% CO, 5% O2 and 55% N2
      at a doubling time of 20h (30 degrees C) or of 85% H2, 5% O2 and 10% CO2 at a
      doubling time of 7h. Heterotrophic growth occurred on organic acids such as
      acetate(td = 8h), pyruvate(td = 8h), lactate, crotonate, malate, succinate (td =
      8h), formate (td = 35h) and glyoxylate as substrates. The enzyme system for
      carbon monoxide utilization is formed only during growth on CO; hydrogenase is
      present in cells grown on CO or on H2 + CO2 as well as grown on pyruvate. The
      rate of oxygen reduction by intact CO-grown cells is 3.7-fold higher in the
      presence of hydrogen than in the presence of carbon monoxide. During growth the
      stoichiometry of gas uptake was 6.1 CO + 2.8 O2 + H2O leads to CH2O +5.1 CO2. For
      the new isolate the name Pseudomonas carboxydovorans (Kistner) comb. nov. has
      been proposed.

PMID- 697502
TI  - Stimulation of growth and glucose catabolite enzymes by succinate in some
      thermophilic fungi.
AB  - Thermophilic Humicola lanuginosa, Penicillium duponti, Sporotrichum thermophile
      and Mucor pusillus required succinate in addition to glucose for optimal growth.
      The requirement for succinate was concentration-dependent and the concentration
      needed for one half of the maximal growth was 6.14mM. In the presence of
      succinate, glucose utilization from the medium was markedly increased and this
      was associated with increased levels of the enzymes of the glycolytic and Krebs
      cycle pathways. Addition of succinate to cultures growing in glucose at any stage
      of growth stimulated the growth with the resulting rate of growth remaining high
      if the addition was made within 3 days of inoculation. Cycloheximide (71.4
      micrometer) prevented the succinate-mediated derepression of the enzymes
      suggesting that succinate may remove the catabolite repression in the presence of
      glucose.

PMID- 697503
TI  - Isolation of lipopolysaccharides and the effect of polymyxin B on the outer
      membrane of Corynebacterium autotrophicum.
AB  - Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from Corynebacterium autotrophicum were isolated and
      analyzed. Autotrophically grown cells contained 2--5 mg of partly purified LPS
      per g dry weight of lyophilized cells. Serological cross reaction with Lipid A
      antigen of Salmonella minnesota confirmed the presence of LPS in C.
      autotrophicum. Electron microscopy of negatively stained Polymyxin B-treated
      cells showed formation of blebs on the Outer Membrane indicating an interaction
      of Polymyxin B specifically with LPS. Up to now, no Gram-positive organisms are
      known which contain any LPS. Thus, C. autotrophicum, though giving opposite
      results when the Gram-staining reaction was applied by several authors, has to be
      classified into the group of Gram-negative bacteria.

PMID- 697504
TI  - Chemical composition of the peptidoglycan-free cell walls of methanogenic
      bacteria.
AB  - Cell walls were prepared from freeze-dried samples of 7 strains of
      Methanobacterium by mechanical disintegration of the cells followed by incubation
      with trypsin. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of sacculi exhibiting the
      shape of the original cells, on which no surface structure could be detected.
      Ultrathin sections of the isolated sacculi showed a homogenously electron dense
      layer of about 10--15 nm in width. The ash content varied between 8 and 18% of
      dry weight. The sacculi of all the strains contained Lys: Ala:Glu:GlcNAc or
      GalNAc in a molar ratio of about 1:1.2:2:1. In one strain (M. ruminantium M1)
      alanine is replaced by threonine, however, Neutral sugars and--in some strains-
      additional amounts of the amino sugars were present in variable amounts, and
      could be removed by formamide extraction or HF treatment without destroying the
      sacculi. No muramic acid or D-amino acids typical of peptidoglycan were found.
      Therefore, the sacculi of the methanobacteria consist of a different polymer
      containing a set of three L-amino acids and one N-acetylated amino sugar. From
      cells of Methanospirillum hungatii no sacculi, but tube-like sheaths could be
      isolated, which tend to fracture perpendicularly to the long axis of the sheath
      along the fibrills seen on the surface. The sheaths consist of protein containing
      18 amino acids and small amounts of neutral sugars. They are resistent to the
      proteinases tested and are not disintegrated by boiling in 2% sodium
      dodecylsulfate for 30 min. The three Gram-negative strains Black Sea isolate JR
      1, Cariaco isolate JR-1 and Methanobacterium mobile do not contain a rigid
      sacculus, but merely a SDS-sensitive surface layer composed of regularly arranged
      protein subunits. This evidence indicates that, within the methanogens, different
      cell wall polymers characteristic of particular groups of organisms may have
      evolved during evolution, and supports the hypothesis that the evolution of the
      methanogens was separated from that of the peptidoglycan-containing procaryotic
      organisms at a very early stage.

PMID- 697505
TI  - Bacteriochlorophyll cs, a new bacteriochlorophyll from Chloroflexus aurantiacus.
AB  - From four strains of the gliding phototrophic bacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacus,
      the as yet unknown bacteriochlorophyll cs was isolated in addition to small
      amounts of the known bacteriochlorophyll ap. The new bacteriochlorophyll cs is
      the main photosynthetic pigment of these organisms under the growth conditions
      used. It is different from the known bacteriochlorophylls c, as could be shown
      unequivocally by chromatographic examinations. Evidence for the structure of the
      new bacteriochlorophyll cs was obtained from mass spectra. The u.v./vis.-spectra
      and the chromatographic behavior are in accord with the suggested structure. The
      result includes two particularly interesting aspects: 1. Unlike the
      bacteriochlorophylls c, d, and e of the Chlorobiaceae, bacteriochlorophyll cs of
      Chloroflexus is not a mixture of isomeric and homologous molecules; 2. the
      esterifying alcohol of the propionic acid side chain is neither farnesol nor
      another isoprenoid alcohol, but is the straight chain aliphatic (C-18)
      stearylalcohol.

PMID- 697506
TI  - The anaerobic decomposition of benzoic acid during methane fermentation. III. The
      fate of carbon four and the identification of propanoic acid.
AB  - Anaerobic rupture of the benzoic acid ring was investigated. Carbon 4 was
      converted primarily to carbon dioxide. Following ring rupture during methane
      fermentation, propanoic acid is an intermediate, and carbon 4 of benzoate becomes
      its carboxyl.

PMID- 697507
TI  - The anaerobic decomposition of benzoic acid during methane fermentation. IV.
      Dearomatization of the ring and volatile fatty acids formed on ring rupture.
AB  - A possible pathway for the anaerobic utilization of benzoic acid by a
      methanogenic consortium is suggested. Cyclohexane carboxylic acid and 1
      cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid have been identified as intermediates before ring
      rupture. Suprisingly, 3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylic acid interferes with utilization
      of other cyclic acids. In addition, isobutyric acid or short chain acids
      containing carbon-carbon double bonds could not be used without induction periods
      of a  week or longer. A number of volatile fatty acids (heptanoic, valeric,
      butyric, propanoic, and acetic) have been identified and are suggested
      intermediates.

PMID- 697508
TI  - Specific antibodies to the N-termini of the interpeptide bridges of
      peptidoglycan.
AB  - The synthetic peptides Gly5-epsilon-Ahx and L-Ala3-epsilon-Ahx, with structural
      similarity to the interpeptide bridge peptides of staphylococci or micrococci,
      respectively, were convalently linked to human serum albumin via their
      carboxylgroups. Antisera to these synthetic peptidyl-protein antigens contained
      fairly high amounts of antibodies with specificity to the N-terminal parts of the
      peptide chains attached to the carrier proteins. Antisera to (Gly5-epsilon-Ahx)20
      albumin gave, without exception, strong precipitin reactions in latex
      agglutination with staphylococcal peptido-glycans. The antisera completely
      failed, however, in any reaction with peptidoglycans of micrococci or other
      bacteria which did not have these oligo-glycine peptides typical for
      staphylococci. On the contrary, antisera to (l-Ala3-epsilon-Ahx)22-albumin
      strongly precipitated micrococcalpeptidoglycans with oligo-L-alanine interpeptide
      bridges (e.g. Micrococcus varians. Micrococcus roseus), but showed no significant
      reaction with peptidoglycans of staphylococci or other bacteria lacking oligo-L
      alanine interpeptide bridges.

PMID- 697509
TI  - Isolation, characterization, and numerical taxonomy of Simonsiella strains from
      the oral cavities of cats, dogs, sheep, and humans.
AB  - Forty-nine strains of the gliding prokaryote Simonsiella were isolated from the
      oral cavities of cats (8), dogs (19), sheep (4), and humans (18) in Southern
      California by a direct isolation procedure using a complex serum-enriched medium.
      The numerical taxonomic analysis (unweighted pair-group method using arithmetric
      averages) of 57 differential traits for each strain was based on standard
      bacteriological diagnostic tests and included the molar guanine-plus-cytosine
      contents of the DNA and the relative percentages of fatty acid contents reported
      earlier. The resulting phenogram clustered the strains of Simonsiella into groups
      that correlated with sources of origin. The study included the neotype strain of
      Simonsiella crassa (ATCC 27504, ICPB 3651, NCTC 10283) of Australian sheep
      origin. The strains isolated from dogs, sheep, and humans form clusters of
      organisms that appear to have become adapted to live in and possibly to have
      evolved with their respective "hosts". In our judgment, these source-of-origin
      clusters represent different "ecospecies".

PMID- 697510
TI  - Role of carbon dioxide in germination of spores of Streptomyces
      viridochromogenes.
AB  - CO2 is required continuously during germination of Streptomyces viridochromogenes
      spores. Spores incubated in a defined germination medium in the absence of CO2
      remain phase bright and do not release spore carbon. In the presence of CO2, the
      spores initiate germination accompanied by loss of refractility and spore carbon.
      The CO2 requirement is replaced by oxaloacetate or a mixture of tricarboxylic
      acid cycle (TCA) intermediates. Labeled CO2 is taken up by germinating spores,
      and is incorporated into protein and RNA. TCA cycle intermediates and related
      amino acids contain most of the acid-soluble label following short term exposures
      of germinating spores to 14CO2. TCA cycle inhibitors repress germination and
      14CO2 uptake whereas folic acid antagonists do not. The results indicate that CO2
      is incorporated into oxaloacetate which is converted to biosynthetic
      intermediates required for germination. Operation of the TCA cycle appears to be
      essential for spore germination. The conclusion is reached that CO2 is required
      during germination in order to maintain the cycle by an anaplerotic reaction.

PMID- 697511
TI  - Sporogenesis in Streptomyces melanochromogenes.
AB  - The mode of spore differentiation in a strain of Streptomyces melanochromogenes
      was followed by analysis of ultrathin sections of sporulating aerial hyphae at
      various stages of sporogenesis. A special accent was laid on the formation of the
      sporulation septum and its alterations in the course of spore delimitation and
      separation. Distinct differences in formation and substructure have been observed
      between the cross walls of vegetative hyphae and the sporulation septa. Cross
      walls of vegetative hyphae are formed in a way typical for Gram-positive bacteria
      by a centripetal annular ingrowth of cytoplasmic membrane, on which wall material
      immediately is deposited. The development of the sporulation septa is
      characterized by the accumulation of amorphous material in addition to the newly
      synthesized wall layer inside the invaginating cytoplasmic membrane. This
      amorphous septal material will later be decomposed presumably by two lytic
      systems which cause the separation of the spores. The central region of the
      finished sporulation septum is perforated by microplasmodesmata. Spores are
      released by a break down of the surface sheath. The complete spores are enveloped
      by a two-layered cell wall and the spiny surface sheath.

PMID- 697512
TI  - [Distal myopathy. Study of 3 sporadic cases].

PMID- 697513
TI  - [Carbiodopa-levodopa therapy (Sinemet) in the treatment of parkinsonian patients.
      Results of 4 years of treatment].

PMID- 697514
TI  - [A familial form of the West syndrome].

PMID- 697515
TI  - [Therapeutic action of vasopressin in amnesic syndromes and their possible action
      in depression].

PMID- 697516
TI  - [Self esteen and obesity. The concept of self esteem in the family dynamics in
      relation to the obese child].

PMID- 697517
TI  - [The day hospital in the psychiatric unit of a general hospital].

PMID- 697518
TI  - [Pharmacopsychiatry and iatrogenic parkinsonism].

PMID- 697519
TI  - [A brain encephalic malformation complex in a human embryo of 17,25 mm C.R].

PMID- 697520
TI  - [Special coaxial electrodes for electromyography].

PMID- 697521
TI  - [Diagnostic value of gammaencephalography in demyelinating diseases].

PMID- 697522
TI  - [Research and production at the Friedrich Loeffler Institute for lifestock
      protection against virus epidemics in the German Democratic Republic].
AB  - Friedrich Loeffler's discovery of the pathogen of foot and mouth disease actually
      ushered in the era of virus research on man and animal and gave birth, at the
      same time, to efforts for immunoprophylaxis against the disease. This led
      directly to the foundation of the world's first virological institute on Riems
      Island. A brief account is given of the developments that have taken place up to
      our days in research and production at Friedrich-Loeffler Institute for
      Epizootiological Research on Riems Island. The Institute is affiliated to the
      Academy of Agricultural Sciences of the German Democratic Republic. The
      importance of immunoprophylaxis to prevention and control of infectious diseases
      among agricultural animals has grown on the basis of present microbiological
      knowledge and along with progress in livestock production. This concept is
      explained in greater detail, and aspects of fundamental importance to appropriate
      research are expounded.

PMID- 697523
TI  - [Biology of influenza viruses].
AB  - Studies were conducted into antigenic variability, the most characteristic and
      unique parameter of influenza virus, with particular attention being given to its
      dependence on and correlations with virus structure, virus polypeptides, and
      antigenic components of the envelope. Emphasis was laid on major phases of the
      replication cycle, such as the phenomena of drift and shift as well as their
      possible mechanisms and epidemiological bearings.

PMID- 697524
TI  - [Viral hepatitis].
AB  - Viral hepatitis is one of the most frequent infectious diseases of our time. It
      is of great concern to the epidemiological risk groups such as research
      laboratories, dialysis units and other public health agencies. The result of
      epidemiological, immunological, morphological and biochemical studies have
      demonstrated, that this disease is caused by at least two different viruses. The
      hepatitis A virus (HAV) induces the type A hepatitis and the hepatitis B virus
      (HBV) the type B hepatitis. Two antigen-antibody systems are associated with
      viral hepatitis type B: the hepatitis B-surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody
      (anti-HBs) and the hepatitis B-core Antigen (HBcAg) and antibody (anti-HBc). In
      the last years great progress has been made in the characterization of these
      distinct viruses. Both can be transmitted to monkeys. Advances in biophysical and
      biochemical procedures of treatment of hepatitis B sera have already resulted in
      first vaccination trials.

PMID- 697525
TI  - [Population ecology of influenza virus A].

PMID- 697526
TI  - [Status and perspectives of immunoprophylaxis against influenza].

PMID- 697527
TI  - [Genetics of influenza viruses].
AB  - An account is given of important fundamentals, working methods, and recent
      results in the context of influenza virus genetics. Reference is made to the
      potentials implied in gene mapping and to the possibility of elucidating the
      correlations between the single gene and all biological properties of the
      influenza virus. Discussed against that background are the polyacrylamide
      electrophoresis of virus RNA, hybridisation with complementary RNA, immunological
      and chemical differentiation of gene products, as well as the use of defect
      mutants and of recombinant formation. It is shown that successful elucidation of
      the genesis of new virus strains is possible by means of those methods which also
      enable the preparation of virus strains with desired properties. This is likely
      to open up new horizons for more progress in the context of immunoprophylaxis
      against virus influenza.

PMID- 697528
TI  - [Ultracentrifugation in virus diagnosis].
AB  - Ultracentrifugation has assumed growing importance in virus diagnosis as a
      technique by which to concentrate and purify viruses for immediacy diagnosis on
      the basis of electron microscopy as well as for purely virological and
      serological tests. Ultracentrifugation has proved to be helpful for sizeable
      improvement of sensitivity for detection, which, in turn, has been conducive to
      time saving. The preparational ultracentrifuge enables also direct diagnosis by
      determination of isodensities and sedimentation coefficients of viruses and their
      components. Examples are mentioned, in that context, such as FMD virus, virus of
      vesicular swine disease, virus of larynx papillomatosis of man, and goose
      influenza virus. An account is given of isodensities and sedimentation
      coefficients of animal viruses.

PMID- 697529
TI  - [Comparative pathology and etiology of lymphatic tumors in fowl].
AB  - The tumours associated to lymphoid leucosis and Marek's disease are compared with
      lymphoproliferative diseases of man and other species, by morphological,
      immunomorphological, and aetiological criteria. Morphological and
      immunomorphological similarities were found to exist between lymphoid leucosis
      and malignant lymphomas of the B-cell system in man, more particularly,
      follicular lymphoma, lamphoblastic lymphosarcoma of the B-cell type, Burkitt's
      lymphoma, and immunoblastic lymphoma. Equivalent similarities with Marek's
      disease are relating particularly to Hodgkin's disease, infectious mononucleosis,
      and malignant lymphomas of the T-cell system. Aetiological relations were found
      to exist between lymphoid leucosis and the oncorna-virus-dependent lymphatic
      tumours in mammals, while similarities with Marek's disease were relating to
      infectious mononucleosis, Burkitt's lymphoma, and herpes-virus-dependent
      lymphatic tumours in monkey. Reference is made to the model nature of both
      lymphoid leucosis and Marek's disease and the resulting relevance to tumour
      research.

PMID- 697530
TI  - [Programs and goals of the CMEA Reference Center for Permanent Cell Lines at the
      Friedrich-Loeffler Institute for Animal Diseases Insel Riems].
AB  - Multilateral economic as well as techno-scientific cooperation is in a process of
      persistent expansion between the member countries of CMEA. This is the background
      against which the need for as well as the programme and the scientific,
      political, and economic importance of a reference centre for permanent cell lines
      (cell bank) at CMEA level are described. The centre is attached to Friedrich
      Loeffler-Institut fur Tierseuchenforschung which is run under the umbrella of the
      Academy of Agricultural Sciences of the GDR.

PMID- 697531
TI  - [Production of influenza virus recombinations].
AB  - Described in this paper is the preparation of influenza virus recombination
      partners, H3N2 and H3N1, by poly-infection of primary embryonic fowl cells with
      influenza virus A/Greifswald/6/74 (H3N2) or with A/Greifswald/1/76 (H3N2) and
      A/PR/8/34 (H0N1). Purification was based on four consecutive plaque isolations.
      The productivity of all recombination partners isolated in the embryonated fowl
      egg was higher than that of parent strain, H3N2. A recombination partner of H0N2
      was obtained from poly-infection of isolated chorio-allantois membranes (CAM)
      with inactivated influenza virus A/PR/8/34 (H0N1) and A/Greifswald/6/74 (H3N2),
      the whole process being exposed to the action of serum anti-H3N1. Purification
      was undertaken via plaque passages, as well. The recombination partners could be
      characterised by determination of haemagglutination titres in the embryonated
      fowl egg and by reference to plaque diameters.

PMID- 697532
TI  - [Neonatal detection of hypothyroidism in the South-Pyrenean region. Results of
      14,000 determinations of T4 in blood eluates collected on blotting-paper].
AB  - Screening for neonatal hypothyroidism has been undertaken in Southern France by
      the estimation of T4 in the eluates of blood spots on filter paper. Since March
      1976, 14,000 estimations have been made and four cases of hypothyroidism with
      very low levels of T4 have been detected (less than 38 pg/2 spots). Two cases had
      high TSH levels (greater than 200 microunits/2 spots). Blood was taken from the
      hypothyroid babies on the 20th day of life, to check the findings and in all
      cases the thyroxine was less than 2.8 microgrammes/100 ml and the TSH greater
      than 40 microunits/ml. T3 was reduced in three cases (less than 75 pg/ml) and
      normal in one case (150 pg/ml). In all cases no thyroid tissue could be
      demonstrated with technitium scan. In the first month of life there were
      practically no symptoms except for mottling of the skin in two cases, a large
      posterior fontanelle in two cases and in one baby a prolonged neonatal jaundice.

PMID- 697533
TI  - [Transient hypothyroidism in 8 low birth weight newborns. Role of topical
      application of iodine chemicals].
AB  - Very low plasma levels of thyroxine with a parallel decrease in the free
      thyroxine index were observed in 8 low birth weight infants. The tri-iodo
      thyronine levels were slightly but significantly reduced and there was a
      concommitant increase in thyrotropin concentrations. The abnormalities, which
      were usually seen between the 10th--45th day, were transitory and resolved
      completely. The possible role of topical iodinated products is discussed.

PMID- 697534
TI  - [Hypoglycemia and microgastria].
AB  - A 5 1/2 month old child presented with hypoglycaemic convulsions. Dumping
      syndrome was suspected when the child was found to have a small stomach. The
      child was fed by a continuous intragastric infusion and thrived.

PMID- 697535
TI  - [Prenatal diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies].
AB  - Fetal red blood cells are necessary for the antenatal diagnosis of
      hemoglobinopathies. Fetal blood may be obtained in utero, by amniocentesis or
      fetoscopy, from the 17th to the 20th week of pregnancy. At this time, biochemical
      techniques may detect beta-thalassemia major (fetal synthesis of hemoglobin btaA
      chain totally absent or less than 2% and sickle cell disease (fetal synthesis of
      btaS chain, without any production of betaA chain). When fetal blood has been
      severely contaminated by maternal blood, purification techniques allow enrichment
      of the sample in fetal red blood cells by the elimination of adult reticulocytes
      which may lead to errors in diagnosis.

PMID- 697536
TI  - Excess mortality in schizophrenia and affective disorders. Do suicides and
      accidental deaths solely account for this excess?
AB  - Excess mortality was found in the first decade of follow-up for schizophrenia and
      affective disorders. This trend continued for schizophrenia throughout the entire
      four decades of the follow-up period. Suicides were higher than expected for all
      psychiatric groups except female schizophrenics and male manics. Accidental
      deaths were higher in these two groups, which did not show significantly
      excessive suicide rates. Suicides and accidental deaths were then excluded from
      the mortality analysis to determine their contribution to excess nortality. We
      conclude that death due to suicides and accidental deaths is not the sole cause
      for excess mortality, especially in schizophrenia.

PMID- 697537
TI  - Psychiatric screening in a medical clinic. An evaluation of a self-report
      inventory.
AB  - A self-report symptom inventory, the Hopkins Symptom Checklist, was used as a
      screening test for psychiatric disorder in a group of 82 new patients in a
      university hospital outpatient medical clinic, and the results were compared with
      interviewer diagnoses. The prevalence of psychiatric disorder in the group was
      high (83%). Both parametric (discriminant function analysis) and nonparametric
      (contingency table) methods produced screening results from the patient self
      ratings that were statistically significant but of limited accuracy in separating
      psychiatrically ill from well patients. Comparison of patient and interviewer
      ratings of symptoms indicated substantial agreement, suggesting that the
      screening accuracy of the symptom inventory is limited by the absence of
      historical and observational data.

PMID- 697538
TI  - Activities of types A and B MAO and catechol-o-methyltransferase in blood cells
      and skin fibroblasts of normal and chronic schizophrenic subjects.
AB  - We assayed activities of monoamine oxidase (MAO) type B in blood platelets and
      type A (and B) in fibroblasts cultured from punch biopsy specimens of skin, as
      well as of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) in erythrocytes and fibroblasts.
      Fibroblasts contained moderate amounts of both forms of MAO (types A and B) found
      in human brain and large amounts of COMT activity. Activities of both enzymes
      correlated poorly between fibroblasts and blood cells. Comparing carefully
      diagnosed chronic schizophrenics with age-matched normal young men, we found no
      difference in these biochemical variables, nor could we distinguish patients with
      paranoid symptoms. In contrast, we confirmed markedly lower MAO activities in
      platelet samples from chronic patients provided by colleagues at the National
      Institute of Mental Health. Results concerning MAO and COMT activities are now
      sufficiently inconsistently characteristic of schizophrenics as to question their
      clinical applicability and to indicate a need for further critical evaluation,
      with special attention to diagnosis, matching of subjects, and effects of
      possible spurious environmental variables.

PMID- 697539
TI  - Platelet monoamine oxidase and serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity in
      chronic alcoholics.
AB  - Previous independent reports suggest that low platelet monoamine oxidase (MAO)
      activity and high serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) activity may be
      associated with alcoholism or vulnerability toward alcoholism. However, there are
      also contradictory reports in the literature with regard to each of these two
      enzymes. We measured both platelet MAO and serum DBH activity in alcoholics
      followed up at periodic intervals for 12 months after hospitalization for acute
      alcoholism. Platelet MAO activity in the alcoholics was significantly lower
      compared to that of nonpsychiatric controls throughout the 12-month period,
      whereas serum DBH activity in the alcoholics was essentially the same as control
      values. Thus, low platelet MAO activity, previously reported in a spectrum of
      clinical psychiatric disorders, appears to be a relatively stable phenomenon in
      chronic alcoholics irrespective of acute intoxication or pathophysiological
      factors associated with acute decompensation in individuals vulnerable to
      alcoholism.

PMID- 697540
TI  - Intermingling and disordered logic as influences on schizophrenic 'thought
      disorders'.
AB  - A technique was devised to elicit bizarre or idiosyncratic responses from 30
      young schizophrenics, who were then re-interviewed a week later to determine the
      reasons for each patient's idiosyncratic verbalizations. Taped interviews of the
      schizophrenics, scored along a series of rating scales, indicated: (1) An overt
      mechanism involved in bizarre schizophrenic language is a tendency to intermingle
      into their responses material from their current and past experiences. (2)
      Careful analysis suggests that the seemingly bizarre intermingled material of
      schizophrenics usually is close to the original "correct" topic. (3) The bizarre
      intermingled material is related to the patients' personal lives. (4) The
      intermingled material does not usually represent a failure to screen out or
      repress primitive drive dominated sexual or aggressive material. (5) Disordered
      logic was not a major factor in accounting for bizarre schizophrenic language.

PMID- 697541
TI  - Delusional loving.
AB  - Erotomania is reexamined by an in-depth study of eight patients. There appear to
      be two main varieties: the phantom lover syndrome, or fixed delusion elaborated
      around a person who does not exist, and erotomania proper, a recurrent tendency
      to believe that one is loved by a powerful, prominent man.

PMID- 697542
TI  - The cytology of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid with spindle cell pattern.
AB  - The cytological picture of medullary carcinoma of the thryoid is characterized by
      so-called triangular cells with abundant cytoplasm and eccentrically situated
      nuclei. In the May-Grunwald-Giemsa stained smear the cytoplasm may contain
      azurophilic granules. Amyloid can usually be demonstrated. In this paper
      cytological features of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid showing spindle cell
      pattern are presented. The cytological smears, obtained by thin needle aspiration
      did not contain amyloid. The diagnosis medullary carcinoma was confirmed by the
      demonstration of amyloid in the histological sections of the tumour and by raised
      serum calcitonin levels.

PMID- 697543
TI  - [Methods and techniques of sampling and performing of cytologic lymph node smears
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Within the diagnostics of lymphoma the indication for cytodiagnosis and the coice
      of gaining material and its preparation (punction and exstirpation of lymph nodes
      with making smears in a squeezing manner to effect simulated tissue pattern) are
      the basis of an appropriate and effective work of the cytologist. The good
      diagnostic efficiency of the cytodiagnosis of lymph nodes is in no proportion to
      the totally insufficient application of those methods by physicians of various
      medical disciplines in the hospitals and outpatient departments. The lack of an
      adequate teaching of students and postgraduates is a main reason for the
      described situation. In order that each physician may have the possibility to
      apply the cytodiagnosis of lymph nodes within his diagnostic programms, some
      special references are given for the gaining and preparation of lymph node
      material.

PMID- 697544
TI  - [Cytokinetics of lymph nodes in lymph nodes in lymphatic system diseases
      (author's transl)].
AB  - Untreated malignant lymphatic system diseases are characterized by a
      preponderance of cell new formation (proliferation) against the destruction of
      lymphatic cells. If the lymph nodes are enlarged during these diseases, then cell
      new formation occurs largely or mostly in these lymph nodes. The proliferating
      cells of the lymph node are bigger than small lyphocytes and have, in general, a
      mean diameter of the nucleus of 10 mu and more. In normal lymph nodes they belong
      morphologically to the big lymphocytes, immunoblasts and plasmoblasts. In
      pathological lymph nodes they have to be looked for among the bigger cells of the
      disease-specific cell population. Whereas in healthy lymph nodes and in chronic
      lymphatic leukemia only about 1% of lymph node cells was found to proliferate,
      they amount on the average to 5% in lymphomas of lymphogranulomatosis and mostly
      to 30--50% in the lympho-reticulosarcoma (lymphoblast and immunoblast sarcoma,
      corresponding to large-cell, poorly differentiated lymphomas). The proliferating
      cells often appear as foci in the lymphomas. The generation times of the
      proliferating cells both in normal and pathological lymph nodes are about 24 hrs.
      or slightly longer. In lymphatic proliferation, apart from plasma cells big and
      smallymphocytes are produced in the normal lymph node; in CLL, big and small
      lymphocytes, in lymphogranulomatosis, big and small lymphocytes and Hodgkin
      cells, and in poorly differentiated lymphomas, the corresponding lymphoma cells
      are produced. The clinicist is at the beginning of drawing conclusions from
      prevalent kinetic disturbances.

PMID- 697545
TI  - [Cytological examination of the intrathoracic lymph nodes (author's transl)].
AB  - During the last few years, cytological examinations of the intrathoracic lymph
      nodes have become a usual method of bronchological examinations, being applied by
      way of routine. Taking the analysis of 3408 perbronchial and pertracheal lymph
      node punctions as a basis, the author discusses the results. Mostly the
      intrathoracic nodes of lung cancer patients were examined. A metastasization
      could be detected in 58 per cent. At sarcoidosis and tuberculosis the results
      correspond to those of mediastinoscopy. The occurrence of the cholesterol
      crystals is mentioned. Occasionally, megacaryocytes and immature cells of the
      hematopoiesis are found in the lymph nodes. Due to the favourable anatomic
      conditions, also normal lymph nodes are accessible to perbronchial punction.

PMID- 697546
TI  - Malignant lymphomas. A cytological/histological classification.
AB  - Early diagnosis and differentiation of malignant lymphomas is important as the
      various types have a very different prognosis. Aspiration cytology is useful in
      the initial diagnosis, monitoring the change from one cell type to a more
      primitive cell type and for diagnosing spread of lymphoma.

PMID- 697547
TI  - [Effects of oral contraceptives of cancerogenesis of cervical epithelium
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The question of hormonal action of oral ovulation inhibitor is discussed by means
      of publications up to the present. Some authors described endocervical
      hyperplasia, most of these informations were casuistic articles. Without doubt
      these lesions are benign. Cytophotometric measures of cervix cells of women using
      oral contraceptive steroids during a long time demonstrate quite normal DNA
      levels. Statistical comparisons between different groups, based on cytological
      and partially histological examinations, showed after using different oral
      contraceptive steroids preponderant high rates or sometimes lower rates of
      cervical atypia. Only a few examinations showed in comparison to a control gorup
      higher rate of dysplasia and carcinoma situ of the cervix. These results also
      were prevalance rates and no incidence rates. The difficulty of critical
      examination of statistical results is to consider that besides the normal effects
      of contraceptives many other factors have influence on cancerogenesis of the
      cervix. Most of all change of sexual behavior may be an important factor. The
      increased occurrence of cervical atypia as a direct effect of contraceptives
      could not yet be demonstrated.

PMID- 697548
TI  - [The Menshutkin reaction, I: quantitative relations between structure and
      reactivity of substituted pyridines towards N-methylation (author's transl)].

PMID- 697549
TI  - [The Menshutkin reaction, II: Methylation of pyridine derivatives having special
      structural features. Quantitative relations between structure and reactivity
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 697550
TI  - [New reactions of phthalidoisoquinoline alkaloids. Alkoxy exchange reactions and
      isomerisations of alpha- and beta-narcotine (author's transl)].

PMID- 697551
TI  - [Oxidation of cyclic aromatic amines (author's transl)].

PMID- 697552
TI  - [Some thienyl analogues of amidinomycin (author's transl)].

PMID- 697553
TI  - [Acyl migration with phenol esters of azomethine (author's transl)].

PMID- 697554
TI  - [Cycloacylation of monosubstituted cyanamides with oxalyl chloride (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 697555
TI  - [Synthesis of 2-ethyl-3H-naphtho (1.8-bc) thiophen-3-one--a thiapseudophenalen-3
      one which is iso-pi-electronic with phenalenone (author's transl)].

PMID- 697556
TI  - [Heterocyclic 12-pi and 14-pisystems, XXI: reactions of 2-ethyl-3-formyl-5
      methylbenzofurane (author's transl)].

PMID- 697557
TI  - [Irrational display].

PMID- 697558
TI  - [The situation-, response-, and person-related consistency of the achievement
      motive as measured by the Heckhausen-TAT].

PMID- 697559
TI  - [Motivation specificity of the relationship between self-reward and causal
      attribution following success and failure].

PMID- 697560
TI  - [The influence of success and failure on the effort in a visual discrimination
      task and on physiological indicators of effort].

PMID- 697561
TI  - [Relationship of item discrimination and the Rasch Scale].

PMID- 697562
TI  - Gender dysphoria syndrome: towards standardized diagnostic criteria.

PMID- 697563
TI  - Transsexuals and pseudotranssexuals.

PMID- 697564
TI  - Psychotherapy for transsexual candidates screened out of surgery.

PMID- 697565
TI  - Transsexuals in the New York City welfare population: the function of illusion in
      transsexuality.

PMID- 697566
TI  - Non-medical aspects: a police officer's view.

PMID- 697567
TI  - Post-surgical adjustment of twenty-five transsexuals (male-to-female) in the
      University of Minnesota study.

PMID- 697568
TI  - Postoperative changes in the self concept of transsexuals as measured by the
      Tennessee Self Concept Scale.

PMID- 697569
TI  - Transsexualism rehabilitation. Five spectacular results.

PMID- 697570
TI  - Transsexualism rehabilitation. Three atypical results.

PMID- 697571
TI  - Sex reassignment program: the Cleveland clinic foundation.

PMID- 697572
TI  - Transsexualism: a research note.

PMID- 697573
TI  - Transsexualism. Open forum.

PMID- 697575
TI  - Isolation and characterization of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus from pike
      (Esox lucius).
AB  - A nonenveloped icosahedral virus measuring 60 (+/-5)nm in diameter has been
      isolated from pike fry (Esox lucius). The isolate is stable to heat, lipid
      solvent and acid. Iododeoxyuridine has no effect on its replication.
      Serologically, the virus related to the major European strains of infectious
      pancreatic necrosis virus (IPN) Sp and Ab. The isolate is neutralized by normal
      trout serum and is not pathogenic for trout fry or for young pike. A line of CHSE
      214 cells persistently infected with the isolate was established and has been
      passed 30 times.

PMID- 697574
TI  - Cross-linking of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) proteins.
AB  - The proxomity and spatial relationships of the structural proteins of Newcastle
      disease virus (NDV) were studied by chemical cross-linking with a series of
      imidoesters. When the virions were reacted by the cross-linker with a distance
      6.1A or longer between the functional groups and analyzed by polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis, remarkable changes were observed in the migration patterns of
      the viral proteins. The most striking one was the extensive decrease in the
      intensity of the M protein band, and although not so strikingly, glycoprotein and
      nucleocapsid protein bands were reduced significantly. Instead, several protein
      complexes appeared at and near the top of the gels. The protein complexes formed
      by a reversible cross-linker, dimethyl-3,3'-dithiobispropionimidate (DTBP), were
      analyzed by two dimensional electrophoresis; the complexes on the first-dimension
      cylindrical gels were cleaved by reduction with 2-mercaptoethanol and
      electrophoresed laterally on the second-dimension slab gels. The results
      indicated that homodimers of glycoprotein, nucleocapsid protein and M protein
      were generated under the condition of the most gentle cross-linking employed. At
      the same time, however, trimer and higher homopolymers of M protein were already
      detectable. Under the more extensive conditions, the bulk of M protein was cross
      linked to form a large protein complex with very high molecular weight. Further,
      small but significant amounts of glycoprotein and nucleocapsid protein were
      always detected in this complex. These results suggest that M protein may be
      present in the virion in close enough proximity to interact with each other and
      may further have some interactions with glycoprotein and nucleocapsid protein. On
      the basis of these findings possible roles of M protein in virus assembly were
      discussed.

PMID- 697576
TI  - [The reliability of subjective rating of fatigue].

PMID- 697577
TI  - The effect of nitrogen oxides on carbohydrate metabolism.

PMID- 697578
TI  - [Human exposure to ionizing radiation].

PMID- 697579
TI  - [Problems in toxicology in the system of general national defense].

PMID- 697580
TI  - [Insolvability of the simian hypothesis on the origin of man].

PMID- 697581
TI  - [Effect of acoustic trauma on the ganglion of Corti].
AB  - Ultrastructural characteristics of cells in Corti's ganglion have been studied in
      guinea pigs subjected to acoustic stress of white wide-stripped noise (100 db for
      12 h a day, for 30 days). The earliest regressive signs appear in the cells at
      the level of the 2d helix. They demonstrate rejection of plasmic membrane from
      the myelin sheath and cytoplasmic compression resulting in destruction of the
      whole cell. In lemmocytes, in ganglion cells and in their sheaths sharply
      osmiophilic myelin and multivesicular bodies are often seen. Destruction of
      myelinated neurons has been described. Regressive changes have not been revealed
      in unmyelinated neurons, the latter composing about 2% of all ganglion cells.

PMID- 697582
TI  - [Metabolic unit in the microcirculatory system of the exocrine part of the
      pancreas].
AB  - Metabolism between exocrine pancreocytes and blood is mediated with the
      participation of the metabolic section of the microcirculatory system. It
      includes: blood capillaries, pericapillary space, intracellular gaps and
      metabolite distributional complex (basal-lateral folds of pancreocytic
      plasmolemma). As demonstrated morphological and histochemical changes developed
      in exocrine pancreocytes and in the metabolic section of the pancreatic gland at
      different stages of the secretory cycle, interconnections between them are
      complex and dynamical. All the elements of the metabolic section undergo a
      certain reconstruction adequate to functional state of pancreocytes. Metabolism
      between glandular cells and the vascular bed is regulated by structural
      reconstruction of pancreocytic plasmolemma. A certain functional specialization
      in plasmolemmic folds is noted: basal-lateral folds regulate transport between
      pericapillary space and intracellular gaps, while the main function of the
      lateral folds is to transport substances by means of pinocytosis.

PMID- 697583
TI  - [Characteristics of the microcirculatory bed of the gastrocnemius muscle of rats
      under conditions of weightlessness].
AB  - Quantitative histological investigations of capillaries in the gastrocnemius
      muscle of rats after 18.5 days on board the artificial satellite "Cosmos-936"
      have demonstrated that the number of functioning capillaries decrease by about
      30% under conditions of weightlessness. Decrease in the number of functioning
      capillaries in the gastrocnemius muscle is also observed in animals subjected to
      artificial gravitation (acceleration 1 g) during the flight. The main role in
      lowered blood supply of the muscles is supposed to play the lack of kinetic but
      not static loading on the muscles.

PMID- 697584
TI  - [Effect of stress (immobilization) on embryotoxic and teratogenic effect of 2,4,5
      trichlorophenoxyacetic acid and its derivatives].
AB  - White female rats were injected intragastrically with 2,4,5-trichlorphenoxyacetic
      acid (2,4,5-T) in the dose of 400 mg/kg, commercial sample of butyl ester in the
      dose of 50, 100, 200 mg/kg and purified ester of 2,4,5-T in the dose of 800 mg/kg
      every day on the 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14th day of gestation. Stress reaction
      (immobilization) was produced by fixation of the animals on a board modified by
      S. I. Renaud (1959) for 2 h after the injection of corresponding substances. The
      rats were killed on the 20th day and the number of alive and dead fetuses was
      registered. Under the conditions of immobilization embryotoxic effect of 2,4,5-T
      increased for certain on the 9th and 10th days (52.7% and 33.64%, respectively),
      that of butyl ester of 2,4,5-T--on the 10th day (55.66%). Immobilization
      increased teratogenic effect of 2,4,5-T on the 9th, 10th, and 11th days, that of
      butyl ester of 2,4,5-T on the 13th, 14th days. Purified butyl ester of 2,4,5-T
      proved to be 4 times less toxic and produced a severe embryotoxic and a mild
      teratogenic effect.

PMID- 697585
TI  - [Osteopetrosis in mice caused by ectomesenchymal lesions].
AB  - Pathogenesis of osteopetrosis in mice homozygotic for microphthalmia (symbol mi)
      mutant gene has been studied. Heparin concentration in the blood of mi/mi mice
      was demonstrated to be 10 times as little as the normal. Administration of
      different doses of heparin (1, 5, 10 per g of body weight) at different intervals
      (2--20, 10--20 and 20--25 days including) of their postnatal development causes
      partial or complete normalization in the construction of the central part of
      diaphysis of tubular bones. The number of heparin-secreting mast cells,
      derivatives of the neural crest is less than normal. Osteopetrosis in mi/mi mice
      is an integral part of the complex syndrom produced by the damage of neural crest
      cells.

PMID- 697586
TI  - [Effect of single gravitational overloading on various parts of the brain
      (experimental electron and light microscopic study)].
AB  - After application of single gravitational overloadings on the cat brain,
      perivascular edema, peripheral chromatolysis and cytoplasmic edema in neurons,
      dendrites and astrocytes have been observed. Some shifts in ultrafine composition
      of presynaptic buds and vascular walls have been described. Structures of myelin
      and amyelin fibers are preserved. Ultrastructural reconstructions are expressed
      differently in different brain structures in connection with their functional
      differentiation. The reconstructions revealed are of reversible character.

PMID- 697587
TI  - [Subcellular morphology of the tubules in the rat compensatory-hypertrophic
      kidney according to the morphometric data].
AB  - Ultrastructure of sinuous proximal and straight distal tubules, as well as
      collecting tubules of the cortical layer in the rat kidney fixed with perfusion
      has been studied with electron microscopic morphometry 7--8 weeks after
      contralateral nephrectomy. The volume of mitochondria, the area of their crisis,
      the area of the membranes in intracellular labyrinth and other morphometrical
      parameters have been calculated. Relative volume of mitochondria in the nephron
      areas studied does not change, while in the collecting tubules it is elevated.
      The area of crisis in mitochondria and "coefficient of morphological organization
      level" of these organells in the proximal tubules are increased, in the distal do
      not change, in the collecting tubules increase again. Subcellular changes
      described are discussed mainly in terms of enhancement of concentrating function
      of the compensatory-hypertrophic kidney.

PMID- 697588
TI  - [Electron- and light microscopic study of changes in the structure of the
      posterior hypophyseal lobe caused by long-term compression of soft tissues].
AB  - In 24 dogs light and electron microscopic changes of the neurohypohysis have been
      studied at early and intermediate periods of the prolonged compressing syndrom.
      The amount of neurosecrete has been stated to decrease considerably. Increased
      excretion of neurosecretory material from neurovascular zones is accompanied by
      mitochondrial swelling. Together with increased permeability of capillaries,
      disturbances in blood clotting system are demonstrated. With prolonged time of
      observations (intermediate period), further decrease of neurosecrete in axons and
      accumulating bodies is taking place. Some necrotic changes occur in endothelium.

PMID- 697589
TI  - [Cellular composition of different zones in the rat and rabbit hepatic lobule
      under normal and experimental conditions].
AB  - Different types of hepatocytes (with caryopycnosis and caryolysis, at the state
      of mitosis, with amitotic nuclear strangulation and with two nuclei) were counted
      in the central, middle and peripheral zones of the hepatic lobule in rats
      subjected to an acute aminosin intoxication, and in rabbits after compressing
      soft tissues of the extremities. Time of observation--1--90 days in the rats and
      10 h--20 days in the rabbits. In the zones of the hepatic lobule with the
      greatest degree of damage, the number of cells with caryopycnosis and caryolysis,
      as well as the number of hepatocytes with amitotic nuclear strangulation and
      binucleated cells were especially great. Mitotic activity of the hepatic cells
      was about 0.49% in the rats and 0.07% in the rabbits. Regardless the place of the
      damage in the hepatic lobule in all the zones, there was a definite correlation
      between the amount of cellular forms reflecting the demage and destruction of
      hepatocytes and their restoration, the same as observed in certain zones of the
      intact hepatic lobule.

PMID- 697590
TI  - [Current state of the problem of electron-cytochemical detection of DNA].
AB  - Direct and indirect methods for electron microscopic detection of DNA are
      reviewed. Indirect methods based on DNA removal or preferential contrasting of
      RNP-structures make it possible to define DNA localization only in outline. By
      means of direct methods it is possible to reveal all three components of DNA
      phosphoricacid groups, pseudoaldehyde groups of desoxyribose, nitrogen bases.
      Within the framework of this classification the reactions suggested so far and
      the results obtained with them have been discussed. The main difficulty--lack of
      specificity, low contrast, poor reproduction, damage of ultrastructures.

PMID- 697591
TI  - [Role of direct radiographic magnification in the evaluation of various
      morphological changes].
AB  - Radiograms with direct enlargement of the image were performed by means of X-ray
      apparatus "PEIC" designed by the firm "Svetlana", Leningrad. The status of the
      hand bones was studied in persons with posttraumatic bone regeneration, as well
      as angioarchitectonics of organs in experimental animals. In radiograms with
      direct enlargement some details characterising the process of ageing in the hand
      bones are observed more distinctly than in routine radiograms. The investigators
      succeeded in obtaining age changes in the structure of spongy substance and of
      cortical layer of phalanxes. The apparatus "PEIC" presents new possibilities for
      vital investigation of bone ostructures in experimental and clinical work, as
      well as to examine preparations of organs and their histological sections.

PMID- 697592
TI  - [Philosophical problems of theoretical biology. Critical notes of a morphologist
      in connection with the book by G.A. Iugai, "Philosophical problems of theoretical
      biology"].

PMID- 697593
TI  - Skills of the health team involved in out-of-hospital care for patients with
      COPD. Position paper approved by the American Thoracic Society's Scientific
      Assembly on Clinical Problems and its Section on Nursing.

PMID- 697594
TI  - Revascularization of the brain.

PMID- 697595
TI  - Instincts and the future of psychiatry.

PMID- 697596
TI  - Radiology case of the month no. 33: gas gangrene.

PMID- 697597
TI  - Medicine in Mexico. XI. Nutrition.

PMID- 697598
TI  - Interesting foods to help patients follow diet.

PMID- 697599
TI  - The thyroid nodule problem: an assessment.

PMID- 697601
TI  - Glendale Samaritan Hospital (Northwest Hospital) Glendale, Arizona.

PMID- 697600
TI  - Oral hypoglycemic drugs: should they be used? Two views.

PMID- 697602
TI  - Regional cerebral blood flow in aphasia.
AB  - Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was studied in 13 aphasic patients with left
      hemisphere lesions, using the intracarotid xenon 133 injection method and a 254
      detector gamma camera system. The rCBF was measured during rest and during
      various function tests, including a simple speech test. In motor (nonfluent)
      aphasia, the rCBF method showed areas of cortical dysfunction that always
      included the lower part of the rolandic area while Broca's area was not
      consistently affected. In sensory (fluent) aphasia, the superior-posterior
      temporal cortex was involved in all cases. In global aphasia, the abnormalities
      included both regions consistently involved in the other types of aphasia. The
      133Xe injection method for mapping abnormalities relevant for localizing the
      cortical speech areas was superior to the classical neuroradiological methods in
      that several cases failed to show any relevant lesion whatsoever. This is
      probably related to the functional nature of the rCBF method: subnormal flow
      values and lack of the normal flow increase during function tests apparently may
      disclose functionally inactivated but structurally intact cortex.

PMID- 697604
TI  - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Clinical features and prognosis.
AB  - The clinical diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis was identified in 668
      patients who were followed up for periods up to three years. This disease was
      found to be more common in women than previously believed. The five-year survival
      for all patients was found to be 39.4%, but younger patients had a substantially
      better prognosis than those in whom the disease was diagnosed when over the age
      of 50 years. When the mode of onset was considered, the spinal form was
      associated with a threefold better five-year survival than the bulbar form.

PMID- 697603
TI  - Protein-rich cytoplasmic bodies of substantia nigra and locus ceruleus. A
      comparative study in parkinsonian and normal brain.
AB  - A histochemical study of substantia nigra and locus ceruleus from postmortem
      brains showed the presence of small spherical cytoplasmic bodies stained
      selectively by the anionic phosphotungstic acid-hematoxylin (PTAH) stain at a pH
      of 2.5. The metachromatic reaction to PTAH indicates that these protein bodies
      contain a protein rich in free basic amino groups. The protein bodies are
      localized within the neuronal perikaryon as well as in their dendritic processes.
      These bodies abundantly present in the substantia nigra and locus ceruleus of
      normal brains were noticeably reduced or absent in parkinsonian brains. Lewy
      bodies when present show that their core gives the same metachromatic reaction to
      PTAH as do the protein bodies. These findings suggest that an abnormality of
      protein synthesis in the substantia nigra and locus ceruleus of parkinsonian
      brains may be related to the absence of protein bodies and the formation of Lewy
      bodies and play a role in pathogenesis of the parkinsonian state.

PMID- 697605
TI  - Leukoencephalopathy in oculocraniosomatic neuromuscular disease with ragged-red
      fibers. Mitochondrial abnormalities demonstrated by computerized tomography.
AB  - In a group of 13 patients affected by oculocraniosomatic neuromuscular disease
      with mitochondrial abnormalities and ragged-red fibers, a major, diffuse
      leukoencephalopathic process was recognized by computerized tomography (CT) in
      three cases. Clinically, these three patients were the most severely affected.
      The areas involved by the leukoencephalopathic process did not show enhancement
      after contrast medium injection. In several of the remaining ten cases, various
      forms and grades of CSF cavity dilation were encountered. Four of the 13 patients
      had very high CSF protein levels, three had CT-demonstrated leukoencephalopathy,
      and the fourth had substantial sulcal dilation. The CT findings in this group of
      patients corresponded well to the previously reported histopathological
      observations and indicated the clinical usefulness of CT in identifying brain
      involvement in this syndrome.

PMID- 697606
TI  - Intracranial pressure reserve testing. Initial clinical observations.
AB  - Sequential subdural injections of fluid through an intracranial pressure (ICP)
      monitoring cup catheter have been employed to measure "ICP reserve" in a series
      of 136 determinations in 30 patients over a total of 155 days of recordings. This
      dynamic method of quantitating the brain's ability to adapt to increased
      intracranial volume tests the brain's compensatory mechanisms over a five-minute
      time span. The test, incorporating several safety features, has been found to be
      reliable, safe, and well tolerated. A series of observations have been made using
      this test in patients with subdural drains and in response to fluid, mannitol,
      and dexamethasone therapy. Deteriorating ICP reserve gave early warning of the
      need for reoperation for postoperative hematoma, massive brain swelling, or
      cystic reaccumulation. Intracranial pressure reserve testing also quantitated the
      evolution of postoperative brain edema. Changes in ICP reserve could be detected
      as much as 48 hours before changes in baseline ICP and as much as 72 hours before
      clinical deterioration was evident.

PMID- 697607
TI  - Adult onset of the Dandy-Walker syndrome.
AB  - Two patients with the Dandy-Walker malformation first developed neurologic
      symptoms in adult life. In both patients there was normal motor and intellectual
      development during childhood, but as adults they had gradual evolution of brain
      stem and cerebellar signs and obstructive hydrocephalus. Following resection of
      the fourth ventricular cyst, both patients recovered. A review of the literature
      disclosed seven additional patients in whom the Dandy-Walker syndrome was first
      diagnosed in adult life. These cases illustrate that this congenital brain
      malformation may not only first become symptomatic later in life, but that it is
      possible for patients to remain asymptomatic.

PMID- 697608
TI  - Familial incidence of ruptured intracranial aneurysms. Report of 12 cases.
AB  - Twelve cases of ruptured intracranial aneurysms occurring in six families are
      reported in an attempt to support the hereditary disease concept. Further genetic
      and epidemiological studies of aneurysm patients are necessary to confirm this
      hypothesis.

PMID- 697609
TI  - Visual evoked spectrum array and interhemispheric variations.
AB  - An EEG spectrum analysis during visual stimulation was computed in 19 normal
      subjects. Visual stimulation consisted of trains of flashes at frequencies
      ranging between 2.5 and 20 flashes per second. Recordings were carried out
      simultaneously from the right and left occipital regions with bipolar and
      referential montages. Compressed spectral arrays were computed for eight-second
      epochs at each recording site using a fast Fourier transform. The ratio of the
      spectral energy from homologus regions of right and left hemispheres at each
      stimulation frequency was determined. The ratios were graphically displayed in a
      visual evoked spectrum array (VESA) ratio plot (VESA-GRAM); the mean of the ratio
      plot was designated the VESA coefficient. The range of variation for these
      measurements was determined for normal subjects. An application of the technique
      to patients with hemianopia showed abnormal VESA (characterized by smaller
      spectral amplitudes over the appropriate hemisphere), abnormal VESA ratio plots,
      and high VESA coefficients. These preliminary findings suggest that VESA may be a
      promising method to detect retrochiasmatic visual defects.

PMID- 697610
TI  - Central latencies of somatosensory cerebral evoked potentials.

PMID- 697611
TI  - Spinal epidural hematoma due to heparin.

PMID- 697612
TI  - Lensectomy and vitrectomy for complicated cataract secondary to uveitis.
AB  - Combined lensectomy-vitrectomy was performed on 13 patients (15 eyes) with
      complicated cataracts from uveitis. Preoperative visual acuities were 20/200 or
      less for at least one year. The postoperative follow-up period averaged 10.5
      months with visual acuities of 20/25 or better in eight eyes, 20/70 in two eyes,
      and 20/100 to 20/400 in five eyes. The primary cause of decreased vision
      postoperatively was cystoid macular edema with frequently associated optic disc
      edema.

PMID- 697613
TI  - Amelanotic small flat lesions of the choroid.
AB  - On routine examination, three patients demonstrated yellow-white lesions in the
      posterior third of the fundus. These lesions have a subtle but unique appearance.
      They are in the choroid and have definite borders, minimal or no elevation, a
      lack of secondary changes in the overlying pigment epithelium or neuroepithelium,
      and no pigment within the lesion or at its borders. Ophthalmoscopic and
      fluorescein angiographic data permit discussion of the differential diagnosis of
      these lesions. They may represent amelanotic nevi of the choroid.

PMID- 697614
TI  - Osseous choristoma of the choroid.
AB  - A case is presented in which the diagnosis was made clinically of an osseous
      lesion of the choroid in an otherwise normal eye. The clinical diagnosis of an
      osseous choristoma was confirmed by the use of ultrasonography, orbital
      roentgenograms, and computerized axial tomography. Enlargement of the lesion was
      documented photographically during a four-month period. The causes of intraocular
      ossification are discussed, and the typical clinical features of osseous
      choristoma of the choroid are suggested.

PMID- 697615
TI  - Peptostreptococcal endophthalmitis with a relapsing course.
AB  - A posttraumatic exogenous endophthalmitis developed that was due to
      Peptostreptococcus. This Gram-positive anaerobe was isolated in pure culture from
      vitreous. The endophthalmitis showed a bacteriologic and clinical relapse despite
      conventional routes of antimicrobial treatment. A second clinical relapse
      occurred despite apparent vitreal sterilization with intravitreal antibiotics.
      The response to vitrectomy was impressive, and postoperatively the patient's
      visual acuity improved to 20/20.

PMID- 697616
TI  - Inflammatory orbital pseudotumor. A clinicopathologic study.
AB  - Fifty-five patients, suspected on clinical grounds of having an inflammatory
      orbital pseudotumor, were studied retrospectively. Clinical groups based on
      natural history or response to corticosteroid therapy were correlated with
      available histopathological findings. These findings were interpreted without
      knowledge of clinical grouping or previous pathology reports. Although dogmatic
      statements are not possible, several conclusions are warranted. (1) Bilaterality
      was not significantly related to response to steroids or development of systemic
      disease. (2) B-scan ultrasonography, while not diagnostic, provided a worthwhile
      investigative technique. (3) Germinal follicles are associated with a good
      prognosis and indicate a reactive lesion, while diffusely distributed
      lymphoblasts are associated with steroid unresponsiveness and a probable
      neoplastic lymphoid lesions. (4) Eosinophils are more common in reactive lesions
      than in presumed lymphomas. Other cellular components showed no preferential
      distribution in either neoplastic or nonneoplastic groups.

PMID- 697617
TI  - Aqueous humor lactate dehydrogenase in retinoblastoma patients. Clinicopathologic
      correlations.
AB  - Aqueous humor lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were assayed for 23 patients
      with histologically proved retinoblastoma. The mean aqueous level was 1,886
      IU/liter. Twenty-one of these patients had an aqueous humor LDH level above the
      normal mean. Clinicopathological parameters were determined and evaluated using
      standard statistical formulas. Only the presence of tumor in the anterior chamber
      correlated significantly with the aqueous humor LDH level. The following clinical
      features did not correlate with aqueous humor LDH levels: sex, family history,
      bilaterality, prior treatment, presentation age, enucleation age, and metastasis.
      The following pathological features did not correlate with aqueous humor LDH
      levels: calcification, necrosis, rosettes, inflammation, choroidal or optic nerve
      invasion, or neovascularization.

PMID- 697618
TI  - Visual results and ocular complications following radiotherapy for
      retinoblastoma.
AB  - Between 1956 and 1974, 28 children with retinoblastoma have been irradiated with
      the linear accelerator at the Stanford University Medical Center. Twenty-seven
      children (96%) have been cured of their tumor, with follow-up ranging from 2 1/2
      to 21 years. In these survivors, 50 eyes were affected. Twelve were treated by
      primary enucleation and 38 were irradiated. Sixteen of the 38 irradiated eyes
      (42%) were ultimately enucleated for recurrent tumor, neovascular glaucoma, or
      inability to observe the tumor through opaque media. Thus, 22 (58%) irradiated
      eyes were saved. Of these, five eyes had visual acuity of 20/40 or better, five
      had 20/50 to 20/100, nine had 20/200 to hand motion, and three had light
      perception or no light perception. Radiation therapy can sterilize the tumor and
      maintain useful vision in many children with retinoblastoma.

PMID- 697619
TI  - Studies of hyperthermia in optic neuropathy. Consideration of a humoral factor.
AB  - Three patients with multiple sclerosis and prominent Uhthoff's symptom were
      studied. Visual loss was found to be related not only to increase in body
      temperature but to the rate of increase. Blood removed at the time of maximal
      visual loss and readministered in the normothermic state did not reproduce the
      symptom. The study supports the prevailing concept that Uhthoff's symptom is a
      direct effect of hyperthermia on conduction in damaged axons.

PMID- 697620
TI  - Daily assessment of ocular and hormonal variables throughout the menstrual cycle.
AB  - Eleven normal women, between the ages of 19 and 28, were examined at the same
      time of day, every day of a complete menstrual cycle. Measurements of intraocular
      pressure, anterior chamber depth, corneal thickness, and tear production were
      obtained. Tonographic values were obtained on eight days during the cycle. The
      results for ten of the women who were shown to have ovulated during the study,
      were then correlated with daily blood levels of luteinizing hormone, follicle
      stimulating hormone, estrone, estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone, as
      measured by techniques of radioimmunoassay. No statistically valid correlations
      could be made when the various studies were analyzed and correlated.

PMID- 697621
TI  - Microtropia.
AB  - Evaluation of 50 cases of microtropia that were collected within two years
      indicates the primary form of microtropia to be more common than the secondary
      form (48:2 cases). Various degrees of anisometropia were present in all cases of
      primary microtropia, suggesting that anisometropia is the cause rather than the
      consequence of microtropia.

PMID- 697622
TI  - Intentional surgical overcorrection of acquired esotropia.
AB  - Fifty-eight patients with surgically treated acquired nonaccommodative esotropia
      were studied retrospectively, to ascertain what immediate surgical result gives
      the best chance for a postoperative bifoveal fusional result. Of the cases that
      were initially overcorrected (exodeviations), approximately two thirds were
      fusing six months or more after surgery. Of the cases that were initially aligned
      (orthophoric) or undercorrected (esodeviations), only one third were fusing after
      the same period. These results suggest that intentional surgical overcorrection
      of cases of acquired nonaccommodative esotropia that have a good fusional
      potential (ie, equal vision) does appear to be a desirable goal for the immediate
      postoperative period.

PMID- 697623
TI  - Interocular transfer of a visual aftereffect in early-onset esotropia.
AB  - The interocular transfer of the tilt aftereffect was studied in strabismic
      patients with early-onset esotropia and in controls. Squinting subjects were
      divided into a microtropia subgroup with anomalous binocular vision and a large
      angle esotropia subgroup with total suppression of the deviated eye. Patients
      with alternating microtropia and large-angle esotropia showed normal or
      moderately reduced interocular transfer of the aftereffect. Patients with
      monocular microtropia with medium- or low-degree amblyopia showed a reduced
      monocular visual aftereffect in the dominant eye and practically no transfer to
      the nondominant eye. Adaptation of the nondominant eye and transfer of the
      aftereffect to the dominant eye was normal. The interocular transfer of the tilt
      aftereffect is a poor indicator of the state of binocularity of a squinting
      subject, and the clinical usefulness of this test is limited.

PMID- 697624
TI  - Levator aponeurosis disinsertion in the young adult. A cause of ptosis.
AB  - Three patients, under the age of 35 years, had acquired ptosis. All patients gave
      a history of notable eyelid edema during extended periods. The patients underwent
      surgery under local anesthesia. Four eyelids were explored through the skin
      route, and a levator disinsertion was found in all cases. Repair was accomplished
      by reattaching the lower edge of the levator aponeurosis to the tarsus. Since the
      surgery was done under local anesthesia, the patient could elevate the eyelids
      during the entire procedure. The amount of eyelid elevation could, therefore, be
      determined at surgery. Levator aponeurosis disinsertion may be a cause for
      acquired ptosis following substantial eyelid edema in the young adult.

PMID- 697625
TI  - Posterior keratoconus.
AB  - Posterior keratoconus is a rare corneal disorder characterized by a total or
      localized noninflammatory thinning of the cornea. In front of a conical
      protrusion of the posterior corneal curvature, there is a thinned stroma and
      nonprotruding anterior surface. A corneal button from a patient with bilateral
      posterior keratoconus was studied by light and electron microscopy. Descemet's
      membrane, particularly in the area of stromal thinning, demonstrated abnormal
      anterior banding, a multilaminar configuration, and localized posterior
      excrescences. These alterations suggest an early pathogenetic mechanism, which
      probably originated prior to the fifth or sixth month of gestation.

PMID- 697626
TI  - Osseous choristoma of the choroid simulating a choroidal melanoma. Association
      with a positive 32P test.
AB  - We report the clinical and histopathologic features of an osseous choristoma of
      the choroid that appeared in a 26-year-old woman. Her diagnostic evaluation
      included a radioactive phosphorus (32P) uptake test, which was 270% positive and
      led us to believe that the lesion was an atypical malignant melanoma. The extent
      of true ossification within this tumor, seen microscopically, explains the false
      positive uptake of radioactive phosphorus by this benign tumor; it is well known
      that bone avidly accumulates radioactive phosphorus. We recommend that all
      "atypical choroidal melanomas" be studied for the presence of bone, with bone
      free roentgenograms, ultrasonography, and possibly, computerized tomographic
      scans before 32P testing or enucleation. This, to our knowledge, is the second
      histopathologically proved case of an osseous choristoma of the choroid to be
      reported in the literature.

PMID- 697627
TI  - Senile entropion. Pathogenesis and treatment.
AB  - Lower lid entropion is owing to a defect of the lower eyelid retractors that
      causes attenuation of the aponeurosis. Twelve patients with lower lid entropion
      underwent surgery in which a procedure that reapproximates normal lower lid
      anatomy was used. There were two recurrences of the entropion condition in the
      twelve patients.

PMID- 697628
TI  - Possible regulatory mechanisms of the cornea. I. Epithelial-stromal interaction
      in vitro.
AB  - Electron microscopic studies of pure epithelial and stromal cultures and of
      combined cultures demonstrated that keratocytes activity was inhibited by the
      presence of epithelial cells in culture. The degradation of collagen and the
      formation of clear zones around the keratocytes within the explants of pure
      stroma is interpreted as an indication for the production of a collagenolytic
      substance by the active keratocytes. The collagenolytic activity of the
      keratocytes was not observed within the stroma of combined cultures and was
      probably inhibited by the activity of epithelial cells in these cultures.
      Furthermore, using a microculture method for the assessment of the metabolic
      activity of corneal cells in vitro, supernatants of epithelial cell cultures were
      shown to have a marked inhibitory effect on the capacity of keratocytes to
      synthesize DNA. No effect of stromal cell supernatant on epithelial cell activity
      could be detected by the same methods. It is suggested that this "one way"
      influence as observed in vitro might, in certain conditions, play a role as a
      regulatory mechanism in vivo.

PMID- 697629
TI  - Effect of intraocular miotics on corneal endothelium.
AB  - We investigated the use of commercially available intraocular preparations of
      acetylcholine chloride and carbachol for their effects on the physiological
      function and anatomical appearance of the corneal endothelium. Cornea endothelial
      cells that were perfused for 15 minutes in the specular microscope with 1%
      acetylcholine demonstrated no alteration in physiology or ultrastructure. Cornea
      endothelial cells perfused for 15 minutes with 0.01% carbachol demonstrated
      alterations in physiology during the first hour; however, physiological function
      returned to normal during the remaining two hours of perfusion in modified Krebs
      Ringer bicarbonate solution. Electron microscopy demonstrated no cellular
      alterations.

PMID- 697630
TI  - Incontinentia pigmenti.

PMID- 697631
TI  - Changes in human eighth nerve action potential as a function of stimulation rate.
AB  - The primary clinical utility of electrocochleography at the Louisiana State
      University Medical Center is the detection of hearing losses in children. This
      frequently requires the administration of a general anesthetic. Time required for
      this procedure could be shortened if stimuli were presented at a more rapid rate
      than the customary 10/s, provided the response amplitude is not significantly
      diminished by adaptation. The response amplitudes of 12 subjects were studied at
      stimulus rates of 10, 20, 40, and 80/s. An increase of response amplitude on the
      order of approximately 3:1 over the 10/s rate was found for the 80/s rate when
      the test interval for each was equal.

PMID- 697632
TI  - Arytenoid adduction for unilateral vocal cord paralysis.
AB  - The arytenoid adduction technique was devised and performed under local
      anesthesia on five patients with unilateral vocal cord paralysis. It is
      especially indicated for the case of a wide, glottal chink and a difference in
      the level of the two cords. The muscle process is pulled by two 3-0 nylon sutures
      in simulation of the functions of the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle and the
      lateral thyroarytenoid muscle. Improvement of voice after surgery was dramatic in
      all of the patients who were operated on. The surgical procedure is rather
      simple, easy, and allows adjustment of the degree of arytenoid adduction during
      surgery to produce the best voice obtainable.

PMID- 697633
TI  - Reliable methods of tip reduction.
AB  - Two reliable methods of reducing nasal tip projection include a direct method,
      which interrupts continuity of lower lateral cartilage by removal of the dome
      portion and leaves an intact vestibular skin cuff; continuity and cartilage
      volume are changed. The second method, indirect, preserves continuity of the
      inferior margin of the lower lateral cartilage, which is grossly weakened by
      resection of cartilage in cephalic areas of the lateral crus dome, and adjacent
      medial crus. Vestibular lining is preserved as a cuff. Volume loss and supportive
      strength of lower lateral cartilage allow the nasal tip to assume a less
      projected stance with resulting widening and outward flailing of nostrils, which
      can be corrected by vestibular wedging. Complete transfixion of the membranous
      septum and adequate lowering of the cartilaginous septal angle are adjuncts to
      success with either method.

PMID- 697634
TI  - Treatment of laryngeal carcinoma with conservative surgery and postoperative
      radiation therapy.
AB  - Thirteen patients with carcinoma of the supragiottic larynx (N = 10), vocal cord
      (N = 2), and pyriform sinus (N = 1) were treated with conservative surgery
      followed by radiation therapy. This plan was chosen because clinically or
      histologically proven lymph node metastases were present and because the primary
      cancer had one or more of the following factors that were adverse to patient
      survival: (1) the tumor extended beyond the limits of safe, conservative
      laryngeal surgery; (2) it infiltrated surrounding soft tissues, ie, preepiglottic
      space; (3) it was close to the resected margin; and (4) perineural invasion was
      present. Laryngeal function has been adequate in all but two patients: one has
      persistent aspiration one year after treatment, and one has a narrow airway after
      an extended supraglottic laryngectomy that included the anterior third of both
      cords and a portion of the subglottis at the anterior commissure with adjacent
      thyroid cartilage. One patient died in the immediate postoperative period, and
      this case cannot be evaluted. Twelve patients who completed treatment have been
      followed up for a median of 30 months (1 1/2 through 3 1/2 years), and all have
      remained free of recurrent disease.

PMID- 697635
TI  - Comparative ototoxic liability of netilmicin and gentamicin.
AB  - Netilmicin sulfate is a new aminoglycoside antibiotic currently undergoing
      clinical investigation. All of the aminoglycoside antibiotics now in clinical use
      are ototoxic. This study was done to determine the ototoxic liability of
      netilmicin when it is compared directly with gentamicin sulfate. Groups of ten
      guinea pigs each were given doses of 0, 50, 100, or 150 mg/kg of either
      gentamicin or netilmicin daily for four weeks. After a two-week stabilization
      period, the Preyer pinna reflex, the cochlea's ability to generate the ac
      cochlear potential, and the missing hair cells from the cochleas were determined.
      Additionally, the pharmacokinetics of both drugs in the plasma and perilymph were
      determined. Little or no cochlear damage was detected with netilmicin, even at
      the highest dose, while even the smallest dose of gentamicin produced measurable
      changes in cochlear function.

PMID- 697636
TI  - The sphenoid sinus, the neglected nasal sinus.
AB  - O. E. Van Alyea stated that "The sphenoid sinus is the most neglected of the
      nasal sinuses." It is neglected by disease because of its location, by the
      physician because of its subtle symptoms when diseased, and the surgeon because
      of its inaccessability. An accurate knowledge and understanding of the anatomy of
      the area help the physician diagnose and manage problems in this area. Eleven
      cases are used to illustrate the wide spectrum of pathologic conditions in and
      about the sphenoid sinus. Only two of the patients were asymptomatic. All of the
      others had deep-seated, retrobulbar headaches. Eight of 11 patients had cranial
      nerve involvement. The optic nerve was involved in six cases. The abducens nerve
      was involved in five of 11 cases and the maxillary nerve in four of 11 cases.
      Initial roentgenographic examination must include lateral and submental vertex
      views. The newer techniques of angiography, polytomography, and computerized
      tomography aid in determining the extent of the pathologic condition and the
      treatment approach.

PMID- 697637
TI  - Anterior attic wall anatomy.
AB  - The anterior attic wall was examined by dissecting decalcified human temporal
      bones in search of an aeration and/or drainage route from the antrum to the
      mesotympanum. A thin bony plate extending down from the tegmen tympani was found
      to be located in front of the malleus head. The height of this bony plate was 1.5
      to 3.0 mm and extended from the facial canal wall to the scutum. As the bony
      plate and its covering mucosal folds completely separated the attic and the
      mesotympanum, an anterior drainage route from the attic to the supratubal space
      of the mesotympanum could be made by removing this bony plate. Removal can be
      accomplished without sectioning the chorda tympani and the anterior malleal
      ligament.

PMID- 697638
TI  - Anaerobic and aerobic bacteriology in head and neck cancer surgery.
AB  - A prospective study of wound infections following major head and neck cancer
      surgery was undertaken to define a rational approach to trials of antibiotic
      prophylaxis and initial therapy of these infections. Preoperative aerobic
      cultures were taken from the planned site of skin incision and from the
      oropharynx. Both aerobic and anaerobic cultures were obtained from all wound
      infections. Patients receiving prophylactic antibiotics were excluded from the
      study. The data indicate that preoperative cultures are not usually predictive of
      the bacteriology of subsequent wound infection. Mixed aerobic and anaerobic flora
      were cultured from most wound infections and usually reflected normal anaerobic
      oropharyngeal flora and/or exogenously acquired Staphylococcus aureus.
      Bacteroides fragilis was not cultured in this series. Antibiotics selected for
      trials of prophylaxis or initial treatment of these infections should cover both
      the resident oral aerobic and anaerobic flora and S aureus. Coverage for B
      fragilis does not appear necessary. Antibiotic choices might include (1)
      penicillin G agents plus a penicillinase-resistant penicillin or (2) a parenteral
      cephalosporin.

PMID- 697639
TI  - Analysis of optokinetic and eye tracking data on normal subjects.
AB  - This study was undertaken to determine the incidence of abnormal eye tracking
      patterns in normal subjects and to compare the optokinetic (OPK) response of
      normal subjects using a nystagmographic gonioscope (Nystagmotrac) and Coats's
      type of OPK drum. Eye movement was recorded by means of an electronystagmographic
      (ENG) recorder, and the speed of the slow component was computed for the OPK
      response. The eye tracking test showed a high rate of abnormality among our
      subjects. Optokinetic testing revealed highly symmetrical responses for all
      subjects.

PMID- 697640
TI  - Hypercalcemia and head and neck cancer. Bony metastases from tongue cancer.
AB  - Hypercalcemia causes lethargy and coma in patients with head and neck cancer. It
      is important to realize that coma may be due to hypercalcemia and need not be a
      terminal event in the progress of the tumor. Also, the development of
      hypercalcemia in a previously normocalcemic patient requires investigation as to
      the cause of the hypercalcemia. I report two cases of comatose patients,
      hypercalcemic from bony metastases from tongue cancer, in whom treatment by
      furosemide and intravenous fluid diuresis, prednisone, sodium phosphate, and
      mithramycin produced worthwhile remissions. Hypercalcemia may be due to (1) bony
      metastases, (2) pseudohyperparathyroidism, (3) unrelated associated parathyroid
      tumors, or (4) a second primary tumor. Even with treatment, hypercalcemia is a
      bad prognostic sign in patients with head and neck cancer.

PMID- 697641
TI  - Predicting hearing level from the acoustic reflex. A comparison of three methods.
AB  - Three prediction methods based on the acoustic reflex noise-tone difference (NTD)
      were used to predict hearing level in 370 subjects. The methods were two versions
      of the sensitivity prediction by acoustic reflex (SPAR) and a formula for
      estimating hearing threshold level. With each method, hearing loss was correctly
      predicted in more than one half of the subjects, while serious predictive error
      occurred in less than 10%. Age was found to be an important factor in hearing
      level prediction. Predictive accuracy for each method decreased systematically as
      a function of age. Predictive accuracy for the two SPAR methods decreased
      dramatically in subjects with minor middle ear and/or tympanogram abnormalities.
      Nevertheless, the value of the acoustic reflex NTD in predicting hearing level
      was confirmed.

PMID- 697642
TI  - Roentgenography of paranasal sinuses during treatment of nasal polyposis.
AB  - Seventeen patients had severe nasal polyposis. Local treatment with
      beclomethasone dipropionate caused marked reduction in the size of polyps and the
      nasal obstruction, and the effect continued throughout the treatment period. In
      all cases roentgenographic examination showed clouding of the nasal cavity and
      the paranasal sinuses, especially of the maxillary and ethmoidal sinuses. After
      three months of treatment, no change in the opacity of the sinuses was found. In
      spite of that, the symptomatic effect of the treatment was successful.

PMID- 697643
TI  - Autotransfusion in otolaryngology.
AB  - Homologous blood transfusions have rare but serious complications that may be
      eliminated by using autotransfusion for elective surgery in the head and neck.
      With a small amount of planning, virtually all of the blood necessary for any
      surgical procedure in the head and neck can come from the patient.

PMID- 697644
TI  - Bilateral reversible sudden deafness. A case report.
AB  - A man aged 43 suffering from acute bilateral sudden deafness of sensorineural
      type (confirmed at repeated testings) and without signs and symptoms from the
      vestibular part of the inner ear regained normal hearing within 10 days. The
      serological examination for identification of viral antibodies in blood and
      liquor was negative. There was no sign of immunological disorder.

PMID- 697645
TI  - Cell fractionation and cytological analysis of human lymphatic cells from tonsil
      and blood.
AB  - No differences could be detected in the discontinuous density gradient when
      comparing the distribution pattern of tonsillar cells and peripheral lymphocytes.
      When the Kiel nomenclature is applied, the presence of centrocytes, centroblasts,
      lymphocytes and plasma cells in the tonsil is shown by a cytological analysis.
      The biological importance of these results is discussed from the point of
      cellular proliferation and tonsillar function.

PMID- 697647
TI  - Selective effect of cinnarizine on the vestibular nucleus neurons.
AB  - Effects of cinnarizine were studied on the lateral vestibular nucleus (LVN) and
      spinal trigeminal nucleus (STN) of cats anesthetized with alpha-chloralose.
      Cinnarizine did not produce any obvious alterations of the field potential and
      spike generation of type B interneurons in STN elicited by trigeminal nerve
      stimulation as well as the field potential in LVN by vestibular nerve
      stimulation. Spike generation of monosynaptic LVN neurons elicited by the
      suprathreshold stimulus to the vestibular nerve was unaffected by cinnarizine up
      to 4 mg/kg. When the subthreshold stimulus was applied to the vestibular nerve,
      however, the spike number of LVN monosynaptic neurons was significantly increased
      after cinnarizine treatment. The enhancement of spike firing by cinnarizine upon
      both supra- and subthreshold stimuli to the vestibular nerve was found to be more
      pronounced in LVN polysynaptic neurons than monosynaptic ones. Since the effect
      of cinnarizine on LVN neurons was not dose-dependent, it is suggested that the
      enhanced responsiveness of the neurons by the drug might be due to an increase of
      blood flow, but not to a direct excitation of the neurons themselves.

PMID- 697646
TI  - Which are the parameters of choice from the evaluation of caloric nystagmus?
AB  - On hand of caloric tests on 202 healthy subjects, the coefficient of correlation
      between the currently most frequently used intensity parameters was established
      separately for each of the four irrigations, i.e. between maximum velocity of the
      slow phase, maximum amplitude, maximum frequency, total number of beats and
      duration of reaction. The maximum velocity of the slow phase is so closely
      correlated to the maximum amplitude, and the maximum frequency is so closely
      correlated to the total number of beats (r = always greater than 0.75) that it is
      sufficient to merely determine one of the two well correlated parameters in
      healthy subjects. However, the parameters maximum velocity of the slow phase and
      maximum amplitude are less closely correlated to the parameters maximum frequency
      and total number of beats (r = smaller, in part considerably smaller than 0.75).
      A better correlation exists between the nystagmus parameters nearly always by
      warm irrigations, as compared to cold ones. The findings speak for the fact that
      maximum velocity of the slow phase and maximum amplitude on one hand, and maximum
      frequency and total number of beats on the other, are an expression of various
      characteristics of the experimental nystagmus. In a consecutive publication, we
      are going to report in which way the various nystagmic parameters of patients are
      being changed by different lesions of the vestibular system.

PMID- 697648
TI  - On the influence of the middle ear muscles upon changes in sound transmission.
AB  - The influence of artificially induced impedance changes on the frequency response
      of the middle ear has been investigated in three experienced listeners. The
      tensor-reflex has been simulated by application of positive and negative air
      pressure to the outer ear canal. In this test-situation, the thresholdshift ("l)
      obtained is greatest in the surrounding of the first resonance of the middle ear
      ("l = 8 dB at 500 Hz). For bone-conduction, the effect is weaker by about 2 dB 
      than for air-conduction. The change in sound transmission is constant for all
      SPL's and is mainly due to the impedance change of the middle ear. In contrast
      the influence of the stapedial reflex is strongly dependent on SPL. In the range
      between hearing-threshold and 70 dB (HL) the attenuation is only 2 dB below l
      kHz. At higher levels the attenuation may amount to 30 dB. Thus excitation of the
      cochlea remains nearly constant. We suppose that the intensity-dependent
      influence of the stapedius reflex on sound transmission is due to a change of the
      stapes motion. The regulating device works without considerable distortion but
      with an attack-time of about 100 ms. The phenomenon of conductive recruitment in
      otosclerosis is probably due to the lack of this regulating effect by the fixed
      stapes. One function of the stapedial reflex could be the protection of the ear
      from high amplitudes during phonation and shouting. Furthermore, because
      frequencies above l kHz are also attenuated, a protective function of the
      stapedial reflex in industrial noise exposure can be assumed.

PMID- 697649
TI  - [Mucoepidermoid tumor enclosed in a parotid lymphnode (author's transl)].

PMID- 697650
TI  - Idiopathic hair cell loss in the guinea pig.
AB  - An incidence of specific, marked sensory cell loss affecting 12--88% of the outer
      hair cells in the third cochlear turn was found in a group of 130 healthy,
      coloured, intact guinea pigs divided into three age groups (6 weeks, 7 months,
      and 3 years). The pathological findings were compared with a known physiological
      norm. At 7 months, the disorder occurred in 8% of the animals, whereas at 3 years
      30% were involved. The etiology of the above finding is at present still obscure.

PMID- 697651
TI  - Follow up study of sudden deafness.
AB  - It is significant to follow up patients with sudden deafness, because the change
      of hearing level after a long-term period and a differential diagnosis from
      Meniere's disease must be studied. We reported the follow-up study of 27 patients
      with sudden deafness who were admitted to the Department of Otolaryngology of the
      Second Tokyo National Hospital. The duration of follow-up ranged from 6-58
      months, with a mean duration of 23.7 months. In the Complete Recovery Group there
      was little change of mean hearing loss during the follow-up period. We coud
      demonstrate that the once recovered hearing level rarely deteriorated afterwards,
      but the not recovered hearing level would sometimes deteriorate.

PMID- 697652
TI  - Place and time coding of frequency in the peripheral auditory system: some
      physiological pros and cons.

PMID- 697653
TI  - Mechanisms of signal analysis and pattern perception in periodicity pitch.
AB  - Progress in the knowledge of auditory processing of complex sounds has been made
      through coordinated psychophysical, physiological and theoretical studies of
      periodicity pitch and combination tones. Periodicity pitch is the basis for human
      perception of musical notes and pitch of voiced speech. The mechanism of
      perception involves harmonic pattern recognition on the complex Fourier frequency
      spectra generated by auditory frequency analysis. Combination tones are
      perceptible distortion tones generated within the cochlea by nonlinear
      interaction of component stimulus tones. Perception of periodicity pitch is
      quantitatively accounted for by a two-stage process of frequency analysis subject
      to random errors and significant nonlinearities, followed by a pattern recognizer
      that operates very efficiently to measure the period of musical and speech
      sounds. The basic characteristic of the first stage is a Gaussian standard error
      function that quantifies the randomness in aural estimation of frequencies of
      component tones in a complex tone stimulus. Efficient aural measurement of neural
      spike intervals from the eighth nerve provides a physiological account for the
      psychophysical characteristic of aural frequency analysis with complex sounds.
      Although cochlear filtering is an essential stage in auditory frequency analysis,
      neural time following, rather than details of the filter characteristics, is the
      decisive factor in determining the precision of aural frequency measurement. It
      is likely that peripheral auditory coding is similar for sounds in periodicity
      pitch and in speech perception, although the 'second stage' representing central
      processing would differ.

PMID- 697654
TI  - Coding of time-varying sounds in the cochlear nucleus.
AB  - The results presented in the present paper show that single nerve cells in the
      cochlear nucleus have different discharge patterns in response to tones whose
      frequency varies rapidly compared to tones with slowly varying frequency.
      Moreover, small, rapid changes in the intensity of a tone are reproduced in such
      a way that a modulation of a few decibels can give rise to a nearly 100%
      modulation in the discharge pattern. Amplitude modulation is reproduced in the
      discharge pattern of these neurons throughout a large intensity range, in many
      units more than 70 dB. This intensity range is much larger than the intensity
      range where the mean discharge rate is a function of the sound intensity, meaning
      that changes in frequency as well as in intensity are enhanced in these units.
      Though no doubt but a small part of the processing that occurs in the cochlear
      nucleus, such information seems likely to be extracted somewhat differently by
      different neurons.

PMID- 697655
TI  - Pheasant susceptibility at different ages to Eastern encephalitis virus from
      various sources in Massachusetts.
AB  - Thirteen isolates of Eastern encephalitis (EE) virus recovered from various hosts
      in Massachusetts differed significantly in pathogenicity for pheasants, 21 days
      old or older, inoculated subcutaneously with graded doses of virus. Among the
      least pathogenic were two isolates from Culiseta melanura mosquitoes, and among
      the most pathogenic isolates was one of pheasant origin. Nine-day-old pheasant
      chicks were highly susceptible to EE virus. Mortality did not appear to be
      totally dose-related, for inocula larger than an infecting dose did not increase
      mortality substantially.

PMID- 697656
TI  - Immunization of pheasants for Eastern encephalitis.
AB  - Pheasants vaccinated twice with as much as one-half horse dose of a commercial
      Eastern-Western encephalitis adjuvanted cell-culture vaccine did not develop
      significant hemagglutination-inhibition titers and were not protected against
      artificial challenge by an Eastern encephalitis virus.

PMID- 697657
TI  - Experimental infection of Coxiella burnetii in chicken: clinical symptoms,
      serologic response, and transmission through egg.
AB  - Young laying hens were infected with Coxiella burnetii to study egg transmission,
      clinical and serologic responses, excretion of the agent in feces, and its
      persistence in internal organs. No clinical symptoms were noticed. The birds
      developed good titers in a capillary agglutination test by 13 days postinfection
      (DPI), which peaked at 30 DPI and therafter declined gradually, becoming negative
      in some birds around 90 DPI. In vivo and in vitro egg transmission of the agent
      could not be demonstrated. C. burnetii was recovered at 90 DPI from spleen and
      liver but not from kidney and ovary.

PMID- 697658
TI  - Influence of dietary aflatoxin on the severity of Eimeria acervulina infection in
      broiler chickens.
AB  - Broiler chicks (Hubbard x Hubbard) receiving 2.5 microgram of aflatoxin/g of diet
      and inoculated with sporulated oocysts of Eimeria acervulina gained significantly
      less weight than chicks receiving either aflatoxin or coccidia alone. Aflatoxin
      alone affected body weight more in females than males. Blood parameters, however,
      showed no sex-related differences to E. acervulina or aflatoxin. E. acervulina
      had no effect on packed cell volume, red cell number, or hemoglobin levels. Gross
      lesions in the intestine caused by the coccidia appeared the same with or without
      dietary aflatoxin. Either aflatoxin or E. acervulina alone reduced the plasma
      pigment. When both were present, depigmentation was greater with some strains of
      coccidia than with either alone. Aflatoxin alone reduced the plasma levels of
      cholesterol and protein. The effect of E. acervulina on cholesterol or protein,
      with or without aflatoxin, depended on the coccidial strain used.

PMID- 697659
TI  - Effects of Eimeria tenella infection and dietary aflatoxin on blood coagulation
      of young broiler chicks.
AB  - Eimeria tenella, aflatoxicosis, and a combination of the two prolonged the
      prothrombin times of male Cobb broilers. Factor V added to the plasmas of birds
      infected with E. tenella corrected the prothrombin time. E. tenella infection did
      not significantly alter the levels of plasma calcium, total plasma protein, or
      fibrinogen. Adding Factors V, VII, and X to plasma from birds with aflatoxicosis
      or aflatoxicosis plus E. tenella infection did not correct prothrombin times.
      Partial correction was achieved by adding normal plasma containing Factor II and
      fibrinogen. Plasma calcium and fibrinogen levels were not significantly altered
      in either group whereas total protein levels of these groups were significantly
      lower. The hemorrhage and mortality in birds infected with E. tenella may be
      explained in part by the longer prothrombin time resulting from deficiency of
      Factor V.

PMID- 697660
TI  - Development of immunity to coccidiosis in chickens administered anticoccidials in
      feed.
AB  - New combinations of techniques were employed for comparing the development of
      immunity of Eimeria tenella in chickens being medicated with 12 different
      anticoccidials. Broiler-type birds in batteries received a daily measured dose of
      E. tenella oocysts for 15 consecutive days while the drug was administered at the
      manufacturer's recommended level. Two or more tests of each drug gave the
      following ratings: strong suppression, monensin (121 ppm), salinomycin (80 ppm),
      lasalocid (75 ppm); moderate suppression, monensin (100 ppm), decoquinate (30
      ppm), clopidol (125 ppm), and narasin (80 ppm); slight suppression, arprinocid
      (70 ppm), nicarbazin (125 ppm), and amprolium (125 ppm + ethopabate (4 ppm); no
      effect, robenidine (33 ppm), zoalene (125 ppm), and aklomide (250 ppm).

PMID- 697661
TI  - Pathology of experimental erysipelas in turkeys.
AB  - Gross and histopathologic lesions were studied in 10 Broad-Breasted White turkeys
      with acute erysipelas induced experimentally. The gross pathologic features of
      the disease conformed very closely with descriptions in the literature (7).
      Histopathologic evaluation was concentrated on the inoculation site (skin),
      proventriculus, ileocecal area of the intestine, liver, spleen, kidney, lung, and
      heart. In all organs examined the dominant histopathologic alteration was
      vascular damage as evidenced by: generalized congestion, edema, focal hemorrhage,
      disseminated fibrin thrombi, and numerous bacterial aggregates either within
      fibrin thrombi or engulfed by cells of the reticuloendothelial system.
      Degenerative changes or overt necrosis of parenchymal cells were evident in
      liver, spleen, and kidney. The cellular inflammatory component of acute lesions
      was minimal. Heterophil and mononuclear leukocytic infiltrates were observed in
      scarified skin and, in turkeys surviving several days, in livers and hearts.

PMID- 697662
TI  - Skeletal abnormalities in domestic chicken.
AB  - In 14,891 necropsies performed on domestic poultry during January 1976 to October
      1977, two cases of skeletal abnormalities were found. One was a tarsometatarsal
      spur in an adult female chicken, and the other was a crossed-beak associated with
      microphthalmia.

PMID- 697663
TI  - Eastern equine encephalomyelitis outbreak in coturnix quail.
AB  - Eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) was the cause of heavy mortality in
      coturnix quail (Coturnix coturnix) reared commercially in South Carolina. The
      birds showed depression, tremor, and partial paralysis that advanced into
      complete paralysis, torticollis, and death within a few hours. The only
      consistent lesion on necropsy was a catarrhal enteritis in the duodenal area. The
      disease spread rapidly to all pens throughout the two houses on the farm in all
      birds over 2 weeks old, and mortality ranged from 40 to 90% in the various pens
      within the house. Total mortality exceeded 90,000 birds. Age groups on the farm
      ranged from 1 day to 8 weeks, at which time the birds went for slaughter. It
      appears that the initial infection was spread by cannibalism. EEE was diagnosed
      by isolating the virus in fertile eggs and suckling mice, with subsequent
      identification by complement-fixation. This is the first documented case of EEE
      in coturnix quail.

PMID- 697664
TI  - Structural changes associated with type-A influenza in Mallard duck tracheal
      organ culture.
AB  - Mallard duck tracheal organ cultures were used to study structural changes
      associated with infection with type-A influenza (A/Turkey/WIS/68) (H9N2) at the
      light-microscope and electron-microscope levels. Light-microscope changes in
      infected organ culture were cytoplasmic vacuolization, nuclear swelling,
      reduction in ciliated epithelium, and sloughing of epithelial cells.
      Ultrastructural changes included the loss of cilia and microvilli, distortion and
      swelling of cellular organelles, breakdown of intercellular junction, and
      apparent phagocytosis of the ciliated epithelium. Numerous budding virions were
      noted at the plasmalemma. Virus was detected by egg inoculation from all
      experimental cultures throughout the 192-hour experiment.

PMID- 697665
TI  - Comparison of the visual perception of a runway model in pilots and nonpilots
      during simulated night landing approaches.
AB  - Relative motion parallax, a cue that can contribute to visual judgments of glide
      path angle, was studied for its effect on simulated nighttime approaches in two
      experiments: 1) 16 pilots and 16 nonpilots adjusted the slant of a model runway
      to make it appear horizontal under nighttime conditions on both dynamic trials,
      as the model approached them, and on static trials, with the model stationary; 2)
      12 pilots and 12 nonpilots performed the same task in dynamic trials while
      viewing the model in a dark field as before, and while viewing the model within a
      window which provided a stable visual frame of reference. Neither flying
      experience nor the visual frame of reference enhanced sensitivity to relative
      motion parallax. However, some errors were smaller in pilots, indicating that
      flying experience enhances other runway images cues. Direct judgments of approach
      angle magnitude indicated overestimation by an approximate factor of 2. These
      findings indicate large visual illusions in the nighttime situation and suggest
      that the ineffectiveness of relative motion parallax may be an important part of
      night approach problems.

PMID- 697666
TI  - Alternating measurement of ambient and cabin ozone concentrations in commercial
      jet aircraft.
AB  - Ambient and cabin-air ozone concentrations were determined with an adapted
      commercial ozone analyzer installed in a KLM DC-10 from Amsterdam to Toronto and
      back. Cabin levels were detected directly and almost continuously; ambient levels
      were measured using a sampling system in which the ambient samples were converted
      to the cabin pressure at intervals of 13 min. A correlation is demonstrated
      between the ambient level, the cabin level, and the tropopause height. It was
      found that 70% of the ambient ozone concentration enters the cabin through the
      ventilation system, and about 50% of this concentration was measured 1.20 m above
      the cabin floor. For about 50% of the total flying time, the ozone level exceeded
      200 parts per billion, by volume (ppb) in the cabin, with peak concentrations of
      about 600 ppb (TLV levels of 80--100 ppb apply in most IATA countries). Finally,
      medical and technical recommendations are made for future measurements.

PMID- 697667
TI  - Hypoxia tolerance in rats in relation to tissue glycogen levels.
AB  - Previous work has shown that rats on high fat (52%) diet (HFD) were hypoxia
      resistant compared to rats on carbohydrate (75% CHO) diet (HCD) and on normal
      diet (ND), as evidenced from their greatly increased survival time on exposure to
      10,668 m simulated altitude. Determination of glycogen levels in the heart,
      skeletal muscle, liver, lungs, and kidneys show that, in hypoxia-susceptible
      rats, tissue glycogen was decreased in ND and was unchanged in HCD rats. In HFD
      rats, glycogen in tissues greatly increased on altitude exposure. It is
      postulated that hypoxia tolerance of HFD rats was enhanced due to: (i)
      preconditioning to gluconeogenesis and (ii) systemic acidosis caused by their
      increased fat ingestion.

PMID- 697668
TI  - Performance, mood, and clinical symptoms in men exposed to prolonged, severe
      physical work and sleep deprivation.
AB  - There were 44 young men who participated in strenuous combat courses of 4 d
      (course I) or 5 d (course II), almost without sleep. They were tested and
      examined clinically each morning. Groups 1 and 2 had no organized sleep, whereas
      groups 3 and 4 got 3 and 6 h, respectively, in the middle of each course.
      Substantial impairment was observed in all tests, as well as clinical symptoms
      toward the end of the courses for groups 1 and 2. In the vigilance test, the
      reaction time task, the code test, and the profile of mood-state, significant
      impairment was observed even after 24 h. Complaints of symptoms came first.
      Disturbance of senses and behaviour appeared later. Group 4 had significantly
      better results than groups 1 and 2 in clinical symptoms and all tests, except the
      positive score in mood-state. Group 3 occupied an intermediate position.
      Corresponding results were obtained in the two separate courses. In the morning
      following the course, recovery after 4 h of sleep was less extensive for courses
      II than course I participants.

PMID- 697669
TI  - Peculiar characteristics of crewmembers' metabolism on the second expedition
      aboard orbital station Salyut-4.
AB  - This paper presents the results of metabolic studies of crew members on the
      second expedition aboard orbital station Salyut-4. Pre- and postflight medical
      examinations included measurements of a wide range of biochemical parameters
      characterising protein and carbohydrate metabolism, enzyme activity, energy
      exchange in red blood cells, hormone concentration, etc. It was shown that,
      during the 63-d flight and 7-d recovery period, crew-members developed no
      metabolic changes which could suggest pathologies. The changes were functional
      and seemed to be manifestations of adaptive reactions to space flight and return
      to 1 G. Elucidation of mechanisms of the reactions requires further study.

PMID- 697670
TI  - Spatial disorientation in general aviation accidents.
AB  - Spatial disorientation (SD) was the third highest "cause" of fatal accidents in
      small, fixed-wing aircraft and closely related to the second highest "cause"-
      "continued VFR flight into adverse weather." SD was a cause or factor in 16% of
      all fatal accidents. When SD was ascribed as a cause or factor in an accident,
      90% of the time that accident involved fatalities. Small, fixed-wing aircraft
      under 12,500 lb (570 kg) accounted for 97.3% of all SD accidents. Inclement
      weather was associated with 42% of all fatal accidents, and SD was a cause or
      factor in 35.6% of these. Flight was initiated into and continued into adverse
      weather in 19.7 and 68.7%, respectively, of SD weather-related fatal accidents.
      Fog (56.8%) and rain (41.8%) were the most prevalent adverse weather conditions.
      These and other data attest to the importance of this psychophysiological
      phenomenon in flight safety.

PMID- 697671
TI  - Hypoxia survival variations in male and female mice as functions of chronological
      and environmental factors.
AB  - The inhalation by mice for 20 min of 5.5% oxygen in nitrogen, performed 29 times
      over 40 months, causes a mortality of 49.81%. Correlation coefficients were
      calculated between hypoxia mortality and different parameters: environmental-
      lighting, temperature, hygrometry, barometric pressure, biological--sex, age,
      body weight; and chronological--circadian, circannual, pluriannual. Partial
      correlation coefficients eliminate several interrelationships and finally point
      out the statistical significance of transfer from dark to light (p less than
      0.001), of circadian (p less than 0.05), and of circannual (p less than 0.01)
      hypoxic mortality variations. Moreover, a significant (p less than 0.001) sex
      related difference of mortality (males: 56.94%; females : 41.14%) was observed,
      independently of the environmental and chronological parameters studied.

PMID- 697672
TI  - Effect of long-term hyperbaric stress on ammonia metabolism in humans.
AB  - A significant increase in blood urea was found in 11 U.S. Navy divers during 8 d
      of air saturation hyperbaric exposure. Similar increases in blood urea have been
      found in animals that convulsed during hyperbaric oxygen exposure. Therefore, it
      is suggested that careful attention be given to blood ammonia and urea levels in
      humans during long-term hyperbaric exposure.

PMID- 697673
TI  - Convergence of skin and rectal temperatures as a criterion for heat tolerance.

PMID- 697674
TI  - Hormonal responses of sedentary and exercising men to recurrent heat exposure.

PMID- 697675
TI  - Task-specific simulator pretraining and in-flight stress of student pilots.
AB  - Student pilots (n = 20) were assigned to experimental and control groups. The
      experimental group received 80 min of high-fidelity, task-specific simulation
      prior to exposure to the initial power-on stall and spin recovery lesson unit in
      T-37 pilot training. Both experimental and control groups received orientation
      simulator experience not related to the aircraft spin series. Catecholamine
      excretion patterns indicated that the initial power-on stall and spin recovery
      lesson unit resulted in a pronounced stress response in both groups. A
      statistically significant difference in the norepinephrine/epinephrine ratio was
      found to exist between the experimental and control groups. It was concluded that
      task-specific simulator pretraining resulted in an altered stress response
      characterized by lower arousal and greater mental work than was evidenced in the
      control group.

PMID- 697676
TI  - Intangibles facilitating or inhibiting health care delivery systems.
AB  - Proponents of general systems theory believed its principles were applicable to a
      variety of living systems. General systems theory was applied to health care
      delivery systems and provided a conceptual framework for operation. Intangibles
      in the health care delivery system may inhibit or facilitate open or closed
      systems and thereby directly or indirectly influence the quality and quantity of
      care. This paper reviews and discusses: 1) Basic concepts of general systems
      theory; 2) Application of general systems theory to health care delivery systems,
      including the Air Evac system; 3) Intangibles in systems which facilitate or
      inhibit health care delivery; and 4) Suggestions to facilitate open systems and
      the delivery of quality care.

PMID- 697677
TI  - Longevity in military pilots: 37-year followup of the Navy's "1000 aviators".
AB  - The 37-year nonmilitary mortality rate for initially healthy aviators was
      determined in a followup program on the U.S. Navy's "1000 Aviator" cohort. Of the
      800 survivors of World War II and the Korean conflict, 95 were found to have died
      from nonmilitary causes over this followup period. This is markedly less than the
      208 that would be expected from a random sample of white American men over a
      similar period (p less than 0.005). It is also significantly less than the 143
      that would have been expected from a group of men who had passed an initial
      insurance physical (p less than 0.005). Lower-than-expected death rates occurred
      in all three major categories of cause of death in this age group:
      cardiovascular, neoplastic, and accidental. The generally good socioeconomic
      background, the positive genetic influence of long-lived parents, the above
      average intelligence, and the health and fitness orientation of the military
      aviator are all thought to be factors contributing to this increased longevity.

PMID- 697678
TI  - Altitude tolerance of general aviation pilots with normal or partially impaired
      spirometric function.
AB  - The altitude tolerance of 10 spirometrically impaired (SI) general aviation
      pilots with an average forced midexpiratory flow (FEF25--75%) value of 65.1% was
      compared to that of 10 spirometrically normal (SN) pilots. Cardiorespiratory
      parameters assessed at ground level (GL) and at 8,000- and 12,500-ft altitudes
      were blood pressure, pulmonary ventilation, oxyhemoglobin saturation, temporal
      artery flow velocity, heart rate, and single-lead electrocardiogram. Although
      altitude exposure quantitatively displaced the SI group more than the SN group,
      the differences were not statistically significant at the probability level of
      0.05. Unifocal premature ventricular contractions were present at GL in three of
      the pilots and showed no further changes at altitude. Therefore, the mean FEF25-
      75%, values of 65% of predicted normal for the SI group becomes a reasonable
      option as an objective screening norm for acceptable tolerance to general
      aviation altitudes in the ambient-air-breathing range.

PMID- 697679
TI  - ST segment and T wave peculiarities.

PMID- 697680
TI  - Disruption and recovery of locomotor and manipulatory behavior following cortical
      lesions in rats.

PMID- 697681
TI  - Fornix fibers and motivational states as controllers of behavior: a study
      stimulated by the contextual retrieval theory.

PMID- 697682
TI  - Electrically induced seizure activity in the hippocampus: time course for
      postseizure inhibition of subsequent kindled seizures.

PMID- 697683
TI  - Conditioned aversion following ingestion of methylmercury in rats and mice.

PMID- 697684
TI  - Tolerance of high doses of morphine: lack of evidence of learning.

PMID- 697685
TI  - Hippocampal electrical activity and behavior elicited by nonreward.

PMID- 697686
TI  - Sound localization in bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus).

PMID- 697687
TI  - Habituation under different levels of stimulation in socially reared and isolated
      rats: a test of the arousal hypothesis.

PMID- 697688
TI  - A detailed analysis of behavior during the transition from acquisition to
      extinction in rats with fornix lesions.

PMID- 697689
TI  - Different effects of vagotomy and atropine on hypothalamic stimulation-induced
      feeding.

PMID- 697690
TI  - Communication of gender from human axillary odors: relationship to perceived
      intensity and hedonicity.

PMID- 697691
TI  - Disruption of one-trial appetitive learning and passive avoidance following
      stimulation of the substantia nigra pars compacta.

PMID- 697692
TI  - Cholinergic involvement in inhibitory behavior of the young domestic chick.

PMID- 697693
TI  - Effects of Aldactazide and DOCA injections on saline preference in Gerbils
      (Meriones unguiculatus).

PMID- 697694
TI  - Exploratory behavior as a function of hippocampal damage, stimulus complexity,
      and stimulus novelty in the hooded rat.

PMID- 697695
TI  - Appetitive determinants of self-stimulation.

PMID- 697696
TI  - Posttraining brain norepinephrine concentrations: correlation with retention
      performance of avoidance training and with peripheral epinephrine modulation of
      memory processing.

PMID- 697697
TI  - Effects of the hepatocarcinogen, aflatoxin, on open-field behaviors in Syrian
      hamsters.

PMID- 697698
TI  - Stimulus frequency and audiogenic seizures in DBA/2J mice.

PMID- 697699
TI  - Inheritance of ocular dominance.

PMID- 697700
TI  - The relationship between frontalis muscle activity and self-reports of headache
      pain.

PMID- 697701
TI  - Training child abusers in the use of positive reinforcement practices.

PMID- 697702
TI  - Psychoticism and response to treatment in neurotic patients.

PMID- 697703
TI  - A form of behaviour therapy for some states diagnosed as "affective disorder".

PMID- 697704
TI  - Case histories and shorter communications: a simple behavioral treatment program
      for psychogenic encopresis.

PMID- 697705
TI  - Fading--a new technique in the treatment of phobias.

PMID- 697706
TI  - Retrograde coronary blood flow after mannitol in intact anesthetized dogs.
AB  - In control dogs mannitol produced a moderate increase in coronary blood flow, a
      decrease in coronary vascular resistance, and a moderate increase in cardiac
      output. In dogs with coronary occlusion mannitol increased retrograde coronary
      blood flow (+25%) and collateral conductance suggesting increased blood
      availability to ischemic myocardium.

PMID- 697707
TI  - [Effect of X-ray contrast medium on peripheral circulation, arterial blood flow
      and venous capacity in the lower extremities during phlebography (author's
      transl)].
AB  - The influence of contrast medium (20 ml Meglumine Diatrizoate 65%; Angiografin)
      on peripheral circulation was studied after injection into the vena saphena magna
      in 12 patients (mean age 40.5 years) with markedly varicose veins. Pneumatic
      segment-plethysmography and "mercury-in-rubber" strain-gauge-plethysmography were
      used to investigate local and systemic effects of contrast medium on
      intravascular basic volume and pressure-dependent venous capacity. Heart rate was
      controlled by Ecg-monitoring, venous blood pressure by means of a Schwarzer
      pressure transducer, and peripheral blood flow by means of pneumatic segment
      plethysmography. In addition peripheral vascular resistance was calculated. Local
      effect of contrast medium on large veins was a small insignificant increase
      (2.2%) of venous capacity. However, there was a significant increase of
      additional 10% after recirculation (2 P less than 0.01). Intravascular basic
      volume showed a significant increase as well (2 P less than 0.01). In addition
      the calculated increase of total intravascular volume--represented by
      intravascular basic volume plus venous capacity--was 16.3% related to an
      intravenous pressure of 70 mm Hg. According to these findings, 20 ml contrast
      medium enlarges the blood volume dumping into the legs with postural changes by
      approximately 270 ml. Arterial inflow increased significantly (2P less than 0.01)
      by 40% after contrast injection, whereas mean arterial blood pressure decreased
      simultaneously. Consequently a reduction of peripheral vascular resistance of 32%
      was calculated. The neglectable local effect of contrast medium on pressure
      dependent venous capacity is probably due to the markedly reduced distensibility
      of varicose veins. In contrast a striking effect of contrast medium is observed
      after recirculation, which is felt to be due to a general vasodilatation of
      capillary vessels and pre- and postcapillary resistance vessels.

PMID- 697708
TI  - Left ventricular volumes and functioning of the reindeer heart.
AB  - Left ventricular volumes were measured by cineangiocardiography in 56 sessions on
      25 reindeer, together with determinations of arterial pressure and blood oxygen
      saturation. The heart rate with the animal kept lying on the sternum at rest was
      50 b/min, the aortic blood oxygen saturation 94 to 98% and the aortic blood
      pressure 153/130/115 mm Hg. The left ventricular end-diastolic volume was 3.4
      ml/kg of b.w., stroke volume 2.6 ml/kg, cardiac output 133 ml/kg . min, and
      ejection fraction 76%. If the animal was placed on its side the aortic blood
      oxygen saturation decreased by 2 to 3 per cent, end-diastolic volume rose 10%,
      stroke volume 25%, cardiac output nearly 30% and ejection fraction 14%. The heart
      rate and cardiac output increased in hypoxemia, but the end-diastolic and stroke
      volumes simultaneously decreased. If the aortic blood pressure rose during
      hypoxia, the end-diastolic and stroke volumes increased, while the ejection
      fraction first increased and then decreased again. In normoxia a rise in aortic
      blood pressure was associated with decreased end-diastolic and stroke volumes and
      ejection fraction. An increased heart rate at rest was followed by increased
      cardiac output, but decreased end-diastolic and stroke volumes and ejection
      fraction.

PMID- 697710
TI  - [Systolic time intervals. II. Relationship of values of children with heart
      diseases (author's transl)].
AB  - For 219 children between 3 and 15 years with the most frequent congenital and
      acquired heart failures it was investigated in what way the STI differ
      consistently from the corresponding standard values. It was found that all the
      STI of children with cardiovascular diseases can vary from the normal values
      scaled by heart rate even in disorders of the right heart. The STI naturally have
      the greatest diagnostical significance in the evaluation of failures of the left
      heart, especially aortic stenosis (shortened PEP lengthened QS2 and LVET), and of
      heart partition defects (shortened LVET, prolonged PEP, normal QS2).
      Statistically individual groups of heart disorders can be differentiated from one
      another by the STI rather well.

PMID- 697711
TI  - [Guidance and control of biological processes by proteases and a "limited
      proteolysis"].

PMID- 697709
TI  - Preload dependence of dP/dt max, VCE max and calculated V max compared to the
      inotropic sensitivity of these indices of cardiac contractility.
AB  - In five canine heart-lung preparations the preload dependence of dP/dt max, V
      max, VCE max and (dP/dt:P-EDP + C) max was related to the inotropic sensitivity
      of these indices. V max and (dP/dt:P-EDP + C) max are less affected by preload
      changes than dP/dt max and therefore should be more suitable for inotropic
      measurements. But even if the preload changes caused by inotropic interventions
      are not taken into account, V max shows the same inotropic sensitivity as dP/dt
      max when the contractile state is reduced and an even lower sensitivity when the
      contractile state is enhanced. The sensitivity of (dP/dt:P-EDP + C) max, however,
      is much lower over the whole range of tested inotropic states. If enddiastolic
      pressure is kept constant during inotropic interventions, dP/dt max is a much
      more sensitive inotropic index than V max. VCE max usually shows a negative
      correlation to the diastolic filling of the heart. In the improved inotropic
      state this correlation can become positive, thus making it impossible to evaluate
      the influence of the preload dependence on the result. None of the tested
      parameters shows a higher inotropic sensitivity than dP/dt max, though the
      preload dependence of dP/dt max is more evident. Therefore, none of these more
      complicated parameters has any advantage over the simple measure dP/dt max for
      evaluation of acute changes in contractility.

PMID- 697712
TI  - [Surgical treatment of urovagina in cattle].

PMID- 697713
TI  - [Resorption processes in hemarthroses of the femoropatellar joint in the rabbit.
      I. Structure and function of the synovial stratum].

PMID- 697714
TI  - [Comparative testing of various methods for the determination of hematocrit and
      blood urea in calves with diarrhea].

PMID- 697715
TI  - [The social behavior of calves kept in groups].

PMID- 697716
TI  - [Human and animal dermatophilosis].

PMID- 697717
TI  - [Cytochemical studies on blood cells of 3 teleost species (carp--Cyprinus carpio
      L., rainbow trout--Salmo gairdneri Richardson and pike--Esox lucius L.)].

PMID- 697718
TI  - [Serologic studies of neutralizing antibodies against rabies virus occuring in
      wild Central European species].

PMID- 697719
TI  - [Unilateral kidney abnormality in beagles].

PMID- 697720
TI  - [1st results of cell-content determination in milk using ATP measurements
      following the bioluminescence procedure].

PMID- 697721
TI  - [Ascorbic acid status of the horse. 2. Clinical aspects and deficiency
      conditions].

PMID- 697722
TI  - [Activity of beta-N-acetylhexosamini dase in the epididymis of piglets and young
      pigs].

PMID- 697723
TI  - [Additional studies on the etiology of rhinitis atrophicans in the pig. 2.
      Culture studies on nasal smears for mycoplasma].

PMID- 697724
TI  - [Brucella suis infections in the dog].

PMID- 697725
TI  - Amino acid sequences of alpha-helical segments from S-carbosymethylkerateine-A.
      Complete sequence of a type-I segment.
AB  - The amino acid sequence of a type-I helical segment from the low-sulphur protein
      (S-carboxymethylkerateine-A) of wool was determined by combining automatic and
      manual-sequencing data. Whereas in the type-II helical segment most of the
      cationic groups occur in pairs, 11 of the 22 anionic residues in the sequence of
      the type-I segment were situated next to a second anionic residue. This suggests
      possible interactions between type-I and type-II helical segments in alpha
      keratin. As observed with the sequence of a type-II helical segment a model
      constructed on 3.6 residues per turn of helix shows a line of hydrophobic
      residues along the helix, thereby supporting the physicochemical evidence that
      the molecule is predominantly helical and forms part of a coiled-coil structure.
      Examination of the sequence data by predictive methods indicates the possibilty
      of extensive sections of alpha-helix interspersed with discontinuities. The
      molecule contains a number of regions with peptide sequences identical with those
      found by other workers after enzymic digestion of fractions from oxidized wool.

PMID- 697726
TI  - Amino acid sequences of alpha-helical segments from S-carboxymethylkerateine-A.
      Statistical analysis.
AB  - The distribution of the different types of amino acid residue within two helical
      segments isolated from the low-sulphur fraction of wool keratin was examined for
      periodicity and larger sequence repeats. Both were detected, the former
      corresponding to the geometry of the proposed coiled=coil structure and the
      latter suggesting a distant gene duplication, though the existence of the repeat
      might equally well be related to interactions within the microfibril.

PMID- 697728
TI  - Magnetic-circular-dichroism studies of haem a and its derivatives.
AB  - The low-temperature m.c.d.(magnetic-circular-dichroism) spectra of haem a
      derivatives are presented. It is shown that reduced haem a in pyridine contains
      the low-spin ferrous ion and that oxidized haem a in the presence of excess
      imidazole has the low-spin ferric form. Both the m.c.d. and the absorption
      spectra of haem a in excess pyridine are changed by the addition of excess sodium
      dithionite into a form similar to that of haems b and c. This is interpreted in
      terms of an attack, by reduced pyridine, at the 8-formyl group of the haem a
      ring. This leads to a partial assignment of the electronic spectrum of haem a.

PMID- 697727
TI  - Influence of the peptide-chain length on disulphide-bond formation in
      neurohypophysial hormones and analogues.
AB  - (8-Arginine)vasopressin, (8-arginine)vasotocin, oxytocin and oxypressin, the
      'ring' derivatives pressinamide and tocinamide, and the extended-chain analogues
      Pro-Arg-Val-(8-arginine)vasopressin and (8-arginine)vasopressinoyl-Ala-Met-Ala
      NH(2), were synthesized by the solid-phase method and purified by sequential gel
      filtration on Sephadex G-15 in 50% acetic acid and 0.2M-acetic acid. Controlled
      oxidation of the thiol groups of the reduced peptides obtained after deprotection
      with sodium in liquid ammonia gave rise to products that depended on the length
      of the peptide chain: (i) nonapeptides gave monomer and dimer species, (ii)
      hexapeptides produced mixtures containing higher polymers, and (iii)
      dodecapeptides gave predominantly monomer with some dimerized material. The
      evidence suggests that the presence of the acyclic tail tripeptide in the
      nonapeptide hormones induces a conformation in the preceding hexapeptide that
      favours the formation of an intramolecular disulphide bond. For (8
      arginine)vasopressin, intramolecular disulphide-bond formation is enhanced by
      extension of the peptide chain from either the N- or the C-terminus. The possible
      significance of these studies to neurohypophysial hormone-prohormone
      relationships is discussed.

PMID- 697729
TI  - Secretion of beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase isoenzymes by normal human fibroblasts.
AB  - 1. Secretion of the lysosomal enzyme beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30)
      by normal human fibroblast cultures was linear with respect to time up to 96h. 2.
      Two forms of the A isoenzyme of beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase were found in the
      culture medium. One form was similar to the isoenzyme found in other
      extracellular fluids, such as plasma and tears, the other resembled the
      intracellular (lysosomal) enzyme. The presence of the two isoenzymes in the
      culture medium appears to reflect two distinct secretory processes. 3. It is
      suggested that plasma acid hydrolases may be destined for incorporation into
      lysosomes in a manner analogous to that described for the packaging of lysosomal
      enzymes by fibroblasts.

PMID- 697730
TI  - The amino acid sequence of ferredoxin from the red alga Porphyra umbilicalis.
AB  - The amino acid sequence of the ferrodoxin of Porphyra umbilicalis was determined
      by the dansyl-phenyl isothiocyanate method, on peptides obtained by tryptic,
      chymotryptic and thermolytic digestion of the protein or its CNBr-cleavage
      fragments. The molecule consists of 98 residues, has an unblocked N-terminus and
      shows considerable similarity with other plant-type ferredoxins. It is the first
      reported sequence of a red-algal ferredoxin.

PMID- 697731
TI  - Comparative study of the glycosphingolipids of chicken bursa of Fabricius and of
      chicken, rat and human thymus.
AB  - 1. The glycosphingolipid compositions of the thymus and bursa of Fabricius of
      young male chickens were compared. The two tissues were found to contain complex
      mixtures of both neutral glycosphingolipids and gangliosides. Both tissues
      contained mono-, di-, tri-, tetra- and penta-glycosylceramides; the
      pentaglycosylceramide displayed a reaction of identity with authentic Forssman
      antigen when tested against a specific anti-(Forssman antigen) serum. The
      ganglioside G(m3) containing N-acetylneuraminic acid was the principle
      ganglioside of both tissues. 2. The thymus contained appreciable amounts of the
      simple ganglioside N-acetylneuraminylgalactosylceramide, a compound not found in
      the bursa. The ganglioside G(d3) (disialohaematoside) was detected in both
      tissues. 3. Rat and human thymus, like sheep thymus (Narasimhan, Hay, Greaves &
      Murray (1976) Biochim, Biophys. Acta 431, 578-591), both contained a
      tetraglycosylceramide species as their most complex neutral glycosphingolipid and
      possessed little or no Forssman antigen. They also contained a complex mixture of
      gangliosides. 4. The possible significance of these results is briefly discussed.

PMID- 697732
TI  - Kinetic and mechanistic studies of methylated liver alcohol dehydrogenase.
AB  - Reductive methylation of lysine residues activates liver alcohol dehydrogenase in
      the oxidation of primary alcohols, but decreases the activity of the enzyme
      towards secondary alcohols. The modification also desensitizes the dehydrogenase
      to substrate inhibition at high alcohol concentrations. Steady-state kinetic
      studies of methylated liver alcohol dehydrogenase over a wide range of alcohol
      concentrations suggest that alcohol oxidation proceeds via a random addition of
      coenzyme and substrate with a pathway for the formation of the productive enzyme
      NADH-alcohol complex. To facilitate the analyses of the effects of methylation on
      liver alcohol dehydrogenase and factors affecting them, new operational kinetic
      parameters to describe the results at high substrate concentration were
      introduced. The changes in the dehydrogenase activity on alkylation were found to
      be associated with changes in the maximum velocities that are affected by the
      hydrophobicity of alkyl groups introduced at lysine residues. The desensitization
      of alkylated liver alcohol dehydrogenase to substrate inhibition is identified
      with a decrease in inhibitory Michaelis constants for alcohols and this is
      favoured by the steric effects of substituents at the lysine residues.

PMID- 697733
TI  - Studies on the tissue specificity of the high-mobility-group non-histone
      chromosomal proteins from calf.
AB  - The high-mobility-group (HMG) non-histone chromosomal proteins from calf thymus,
      liver, spleen and kidney were extracted, and fractionated by CM-Sephadex
      chromatography and trichloroacetic acid precipitation. The isolated proteins HMG
      1, HMG 2 and HMG 17 from the tissues were compared by polyacrylamide-gel
      electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing and amino acid analysis. The results show
      that the three proteins are very similar in the tissues studied, implying a lack
      of tissue specificity.

PMID- 697734
TI  - The iron-binding properties of hen ovotransferrin.
AB  - 1. The distribution of iron between the two iron-binding sites in partially
      saturated ovotransferrin was studied by labelling with 55Fe and 59Fe and by gel
      electrophoresis in a urea-containing buffer. 2. When iron is added in the form of
      chelate complexes at alkaline pH, binding occurs preferentially at the N-terminal
      binding site. In acid, binding occurs preferentially at the C-terminal site. 3.
      When simple iron donors (ferric and ferrous salts) are used the metal is
      distributed at random between the binding sites, as judged by the gel
      electrophoresis method. The double-isotope method shows a preference of ferrous
      salts for the N-terminal site. 4. Quantitative treatment of the results of double
      isotope labelling suggests that in the binding of iron to ovotransferrin at
      alkaline pH co-operative interactions between the sites occur. These interactions
      are apparently absent in the displacement of copper and in the binding of iron at
      acid pH.

PMID- 697735
TI  - Derivation of equations relating the fractional saturation of N-terminal and C
      terminal sites to the number of bound iron atoms per molecule of ovotransferrin.

PMID- 697736
TI  - Hyaluronic acid in the pulmonary secretions of patients with asthma.
AB  - Hyaluronic acid was the only glycosaminoglycan found in the pulmonary secretions
      of patients with asthma. The compound had a hexuronate/hexosamine molar ratio of
      about 1:1. Glucosamine constituted over 98% of the hexosamines, the remaining
      being galactosamine. The compound moved as a single spot with the mobility of
      standard hyaluronic acid on cellulose acetate electrophoresis, and this spot
      disappeared after digestion with testicular hyaluronidase. Even after extensive
      proteolysis and purification, the compound was associated with small amounts of
      protein, the major amino acids of which were aspartic acid, threonine, serine,
      glutamic acid, glycine and valine.

PMID- 697737
TI  - The isolation and characterization of the high-molecular-weight glycoprotein from
      pig colonic mucus.
AB  - 1. A high-molecular-weight glycoprotein constitutes over 80% by weight of the
      total glycoprotein from water-soluble pig colonic mucus. 2. It was isolated from
      from nucleic acid and non-covalently bound protein by nuclease digestion followed
      by equilibrium centrifugation in a CsCl gradient. 3. The glycoprotein has the
      following composition by weight: fucose 10.4%; glucosamine 23.9%; galactosamine
      8.3%; sialic acid 9.9%; galactose 20.8%; sulphate 3.0%; protein 13.3%; moisture
      about 10%. 4. The native glycoprotein has the high mol.wt. of 15 X 10(6). 5.
      Reduction of the native glycoprotein with 2-mercaptoethanol results in a
      glycoprotein of mol.wt. 6 X 10(6). 6. Pronase digestion removes 29% of the
      protein (3% of the glycoprotein) but none of the carbohydrate. 7. The molecular
      weight of the Pronase-digested glycoprotein is 1.5 X 10(6), which is halved to
      0.76 X 10(6) on reduction with 2-mercaptoethanol. 8. The contribution of non
      covalent interactions, disulphide bridges and the non-glycosylated peptide core
      to the quaternary structure of the glycoprotein are discussed and compared with
      the known structure of pig gastric glycoportein.

PMID- 697738
TI  - Crystal structures of egg-white lysozyme of hen in acetate-free medium and of
      lysozyme complexes with N-acetylglucosamine and beta-methyl N
      acetylglucosaminide.
AB  - The binding of beta-methyl N-acetylglucosaminide (betaMeGlcNAc) to egg-white
      lysozyme of hen in the tetragonal crystal form was studied by X-ray diffraction
      techniques to a resolution of 0.25 nm. The binding of the beta-methyl glycoside
      is almost identical with the binding of beta-N-acetylglucosamine (betaGlcNAc).
      Real-space refinement of the lysozyme-alpha/beta GlcNAc and lysozyme-betaMeGlcNAc
      complexes allowed preliminary analysis of the conformational changes observed on
      binding monosaccharide inhibitors, specially in the region involving tryptophan
      62 and residues 70--76. Tetagonal lysozyme crystals, grown in the absence of
      acetate ions, were examined by X-ray diffraction to 0.25nm resolution. The
      resulting difference Fourier synthesis shows no firm evidence for bound acetate
      ions and indicates only minor conformational changes in the side-chain positions
      of aspartic acid-101 and asparagine-103. The close similarity of the lysozyme
      structures in the presence and absence of acetate is contrary to expectations
      from previous n.m.r. studies.

PMID- 697739
TI  - A structural model for desmosine cross-linked peptides.
AB  - Desmosine-enriched peptides were isolated from a thermolysin digest of bovine
      ligamentum nuchae elastin and a partial sequence was determined. A 'two-cross
      link' model is proposed in which a second cross-link, perhaps lysinonorleucine,
      joins two peptide chains approx. 35 amino acid residues removed from the
      desmosine. Implied in this model is a certain asymmetry or directionality which
      places restrictions on the 'sense' of the peptide chains (either always parallel
      or anti-parallel) in order to align the cross-linking sites. Imposing such
      restrictions raises the possibility of specific alignment of elastin precursor
      molecules by microfibrillar proteins and/or aligning peptides on the precursor
      molecules themselves.

PMID- 697740
TI  - Incorporation of [3H]leucine into an actin-like protein in response to 1,25
      dihydroxycholecalciferol in chick intestinal brush borders.
AB  - 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol very rapidly stimulates the incorporation of [4,5
      3H]leucine into at least two proteins of the chick intestinal mucosal cells. The
      smaller of the two proteins has mol.wt. approx. 42000, very similar to actin.
      Other properties of this protein were investigated, including its solubility in
      salt solution and its behaviour on gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing,
      and in all cases the 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol-stimulated protein was
      indistinguishable from intestinal actin. It was also shown that the brush borders
      of mucosal cells contain both beta- and gamma-actin in approximately equal
      amounts and that both forms of the protein appear to be affected by the hormone.
      It is concluded therefore that one of the earliest actions of 1,25
      dihydroxycholecalciferol is to stimulate the incorporation of leucine into beta-
      and gamma-actin of the mucosal cells or into two proteins very like them.

PMID- 697741
TI  - Separation and partial characterization of guinea-pig caseins.
AB  - 1. Guinea-pig caseins A, B and C were purified free of each other by a
      combination of ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration. 2. Determination
      of the amino acid composition showed all three caseins to contain a high
      proportion of proline and glutamic acid, but no cysteine. This apart, the amino
      acid composition of the three caseins was markedly different, though calculated
      divergence values suggest that some homology may exist between caseins A and B.
      Molecular-weight estimates based on amino acid composition were in good agreement
      with those based on sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis.
      3. N-Terminal analysis showed lysine, methionine and lysine to be the N-terminal
      residues of caseins A, B and C respectively. 4. Two-dimensional separation of
      tryptic digests revealed a distinctive pattern for each casein. 5. All caseins
      were shown to be phosphoproteins. The casein C preparation also contained
      significant amounts of sialic acid, neutral and amino sugars. 6. The results
      suggest that each casein represents a separate gene product, and that the low
      molecular-weight proteins are not the result of a post-translational cleavage of
      the largest. All were distinctly different from the whey protein alpha
      lactalbumin.

PMID- 697743
TI  - The direct determination of porphyrin carboxylic acids. High-pressure liquid
      chromatography with solvent systems containing phase-transfer agents.
AB  - A novel method for separating porphyrin polycarboxylic acids is described and
      illustrated by its application to the direct analysis of biological (deep-sea
      medusae), clinical (urine) and chemical ('haematoporphyrin derivative') samples.

PMID- 697742
TI  - Regulation of pig heart pyruvate dehydrogenase by phosphorylation. Studies on the
      subunit and phosphorylation stoicheiometries.
AB  - 1. The molecular weights of the subunits of purified pig heart pyruvate
      dehydrogenase complex were determined by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide
      disc-gel electrophoresis and were: pyruvate decarboxylase, alpha-subunit 40600,
      beta-subunit 35100; dihydrolipoyl acetyltransferase 76100; dihydrolipoyl
      dehydrogenase 58200. 2. Inactivation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by its
      integral kinase corresponded to the incorporation of 0.46nmol of P/unit of
      complex activity inactivated. 3. Further incorporation of phosphate into the
      complex occurred to a limit of 1.27nmol of P/unit of complex inactivated (approx.
      3 times that required for inactivation). 4. Phosphate was incorporated only into
      the alpha-subunit of the decarboxylase. 5. The molar ratio of phosphate to alpha
      subunits of the decarboxylase was estimated by radioamidination of amino groups
      of pyruvate dehydrogenase [(32)P]phosphate complex by using methyl [1
      (14)C]acetimidate, followed by separation of alpha-subunits by sodium dodecyl
      sulphate/polyacrylamide-disc-gel electrophoresis. Inactivation of the complex
      (0.46nmol of P/unit of complex inactivated) corresponded to a molar ratio of one
      phosphate group per two alpha-chains (i.e. one phosphate group/alpha(2)beta(2)
      tetramer). Complete phosphorylation corresponded to three phosphate groups per
      alpha(2)beta(2) tetramer. 6. Subunit molar ratios in the complex were also
      estimated by the radioamidination technique. Results corresponded most closely to
      molar ratios of 4 alpha-subunits:4 beta-subunits:2 dihydrolipoyl
      acetyltransferase subunits:1 dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase subunit.

PMID- 697744
TI  - Half-sites oxidation of bovine liver uridine diphosphate glucose dehydrogenase.
AB  - 6,6-Dithiodinicotinate shows half-of-the-sites reactivity towards the six
      catalytic-site thiol groups of bovine liver UDP-glucose dehydrogenase. The
      reagent introduces three intrasubunit disulphide linkages between catalytic-site
      thiol groups and non-catalytic-site thiol groups and abrogates 60% of the
      catalytic activity of the hexameric enzyme; excess 2-mercaptoethanol rapidly
      restores full catalytic activity. These results show the half-of-the-sites
      behaviour of the enzyme with the reagent and the presence of a non-catalytic-site
      thiol group capable of forming a disulphide linkage with a catalytic-site thiol
      group on the same subunit without irreversible denaturation.

PMID- 697745
TI  - The mechanism of haem catabolism. A study of haem breakdown in spleen microsomal
      fraction and in a model system by 18O labelling and metal substitution.
AB  - The mechanism of bile-pigment formation from haem breakdown was studied by using
      18O labelling of the molecular oxygen required for macrocyclic ring cleavage. For
      haem degradation by the spleen microsomal haem oxygenase system, mass
      spectrometry of the product bilirubin revealed that cleavage occurred by the Two
      Molecule Mechanism, i.e. the terminal lactam oxygen atoms in bilirubin were
      derived from two different oxygen molecules. Similarly, degradation of myoglobin
      by coupled oxidation with ascorbate and oxygen proceeded via the Two-Molecule
      Mechanism. Cobalt and manganese complexes of protoporphyrin IX were not degraded
      by either the haem oxygenase system or the coupled oxidation system. This result
      suggests that the iron atom possesses unique properties in facilitating porphyrin
      breakdown.

PMID- 697746
TI  - Regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity in rat epididymal fat-pads and
      isolated adipocytes by adrenaline.
AB  - 1. Dose-dependent effects of adrenaline on PDHa activity were investigated with
      both incubated rat epidiymal fat-pads and isolated adipocytes. 2. Adrenaline
      (10nM- 5 micrometer) decreased PDHa activity in fat-pads incubated with 5 mM-[U
      14C]glucose + insulin (20 munits/ml). Changes in [U-14C]glucose incorporation
      into fatty acids in these tissues correlated only loosely with changes in PDHa
      activity. There was a good inverse relationship between adrenaline-induced
      changes in PDHa activity and increases in lipolysis (glycerol release). 3.
      Adrenaline (10nM - 0.5 micrometer) decreased PDHa activity in fat-pads incubated
      with 5 mM-[U-14C]pyruvate + insulin (20 munits/ml), whereas 1 micrometer- and 5
      micrometer-adrenaline slightly increased PDHa activity. All concentrations of
      adrenaline tested decreased [U-14C]pyruvate incorporation into fatty acids.
      Between 10nM- and 0.5 micrometer-adrenaline percentage decreases in PDHa activity
      paralleled decreases in faty acid synthesis. 4. Effects of adrenaline on PDHa
      activity and fatty acid synthesis in fat-pads incubated with 5mM-[U-14C]pyruvate
      + insulin (20 munits/ml) could not be mimicked by addition of albumin-bound
      palmitate. 5. The response of PDHa activity to adrenaline (0.1 nM - 1 micrometer)
      in isolated adipocytes differed with the carbohydrate substrate used in the
      incubations. With 5 mM-glucose + insulin (20 munits/ml), PDHa activity was
      significantly increased by 10 nM-adrenaline, but not by 1 micrometer-adrenaline,
      the response to adrenaline being biphasic. There was some correlation between
      PDHa activity and accumulation of non-esterified fatty acids. With 5 mM-glucose
      alone adrenaline (0.1 nM - 1 micrometer) had no effect on PDHa activity even
      though lipolysis was increased by adrenaline (0.1 micrometer - 1 micrometer).
      With 5mM-fructose in the presence and absence of insulin, lipolytic doses of
      adrenaline decreased PDHa activity. No tested concentrations of adrenaline
      increased PDHa with this substrate. 6. In the presence of 5 mM-fructose,
      palmitate was significantly more effective than adrenaline with respect to the
      maximum decrease in PDHa activity that could be elicited. 4. The relationship of
      changes in PDHa activity to changes in lipogenesis and the likelihood of
      adrenaline-induced changes in PDHa activity being secondary to changes in non
      esterified fatty acid metabolism are discussed.

PMID- 697747
TI  - Ontogeny of the vitellogenic response to oestradiol and of the soluble nuclear
      oestrogen receptor in embryonic-chick liver.
AB  - A specific high-affinity oestradiol-binding protein was characterized in salt
      extracts of liver nuclei of the developing chick embryo. It is present in very
      small amounts at day 10 of development and is marginally stimulated by oestradiol
      injection into the yolk sac on day 8. Injection of oestradiol on day 10 evokes a
      substantial increase in the nuclear oestradiol-binding activity measured on day
      12 of development. This oestradiol-binding protein has properties of
      sedimentation, hormone specificity and high-affinity binding very similar to
      those of the soluble nuclear receptor in hatched chicks. Livers from the 12-day
      embryos injected 48 h earlier with oestradiol do not synthesize vitellogenin, as
      judged by a specific immunochemical and electrophoretic assay for this oestrogen
      induced protein. Traces of vitellogenin synthesis can be induced in 13-day-embryo
      liver, and a substantial response, equivalent to that in hatched chicks, is seen
      in liver from 15-day embryos injected on day 13. The development of the ability
      of oestradiol to increase the concentration of the soluble nuclear receptor
      appears to be one, but not the only, critical factor involved in the development
      of the ability of chick liver to synthesize vitellogenin.

PMID- 697748
TI  - A method for the analysis of protein turnover characteristics. Indirect
      estimation of rates of protein degradation.
AB  - A method for the calculation of rate constants of degradation of a specific
      protein during a period of change in protein amount is described. The calculation
      uses measurements of rates of synthesis and amount of the protein, together with
      one estimate of the protein half-life. The method is demonstrated by using data
      from measurements made on the accumulation of fatty acid synthetase in hormonally
      treated explants of mammary gland from mid-pregnant rabbits, and data from other
      authors. These calculations demonstrate a regulated programme of co-ordinated
      changes in rates of synthesis and degradation during a period of change in
      protein mass. The role of such changes in protein degradation during protein
      accumulation is discussed.

PMID- 697749
TI  - Fatty acid biosynthesis in the leaves of barley, wheat and pea.
AB  - 1. The incorporation of radioactivity from [1-14C]acetate into the leaf lipids of
      barley, pea and wheat has been studied in pulse-labelling experiments. 2. There
      was little increase in the total labelling of lipids after the leaves were
      transferred to non-radioactive medium. However, there was an increase in the
      relative labelling of unsaturated fatty acids. In addition, there was an increase
      in the relative labelling of diacylgalactosylglycerol. 3. The principal
      radioactively labelled acyl lipids were diacylgalactosylglycerol and
      phosphatidylcholine. Phosphatidylcholine showed a decreasing proportion of
      [14C]oleate and an increasing amount of [14C]linoleate with time.
      Diacylgalactosylglycerol also had decreasing amounts of [14C]oleate but, in
      addition, had an increasing proportion of [14C]linolenate with time. 4. The
      absence of significant amounts of [14C]linolenate in phosphatidylcholine appeared
      to exclude a role for this phospholipid in linoleate desaturation. 5. The
      specific radioactivities of oleate and linoleate in phosphatidylcholine,
      diacylgalactosylglycerol and diacylgalabiosylglycerol were very similar in any
      single experiment. It was concluded that these fatty acids can rapidly exchange
      between the three intact lipids.

PMID- 697750
TI  - Distinction between binding and endocytosis of human asialo-transferrin by the
      rat liver.
AB  - The ability of the rat liver to bind and endocytose human asialo-transferrin was
      investigated in vivo. Asialo-transferrin was separated from incompletely
      desialylated transferrin and neuraminidase by chromatography before being
      labelled with (125)I. Plasma radioactivity curves and hepatic radioactivity
      contents measured over a 1270-fold dose range led to the following observation.
      At the lowest dose (0.4mug/100g body wt.), the distribution of asialo-transferrin
      between plasma and liver resembled a reversible reaction reaching equilibrium in
      approx. 20min. After 35min, 93% of the dose was recovered with the plasma and
      liver as protein-bound radioactivity. Most of the asialo-transferrin associated
      with the liver could be displaced by asialo-orosomucoid, indicating that binding
      of asialo-transferrin to the galactose-specific lectin on the plasma membrane of
      hepatocytes was not followed by a signal for endocytosis. A range of doses, up to
      an average of 509.2mug of asialo-transferrin per 100g body wt., resulted in
      progressive increments in asialo-transferrin catabolism, as evidenced by lower
      dose recoveries and increased concentrations of non-protein-associated
      radioactivity in the liver and plasma volume. These observations indicate that
      binding and endocytosis of human asialo-transferrin by the rat hepatocyte are
      distinct phenomena. Individual asialo-transferrin molecules, although readily
      bound by the hepatic lectin, lack either the quantity or spacing of terminal
      galactose residues necessary for triggering endocytosis. Although endocytosis is
      induced by several asialo-transferrin molecules acting synergistically,
      preliminary experiments with asialo-glycopeptides and other substances have so
      far failed to provide further insight into the chemical basis of the signal for
      endocytosis.

PMID- 697751
TI  - The activity of glucagon-stimulated adenylate cyclase from rat liver plasma
      membranes is modulated by the fluidity of its lipid environment.
AB  - 1. The local anaesthetic benzyl alcohol progressively activated glucagon
      stimulated adenylate cyclase activity up to a maximum at 50 mM-benzyl alcohol.
      Further increases in benzyl alcohol concentration inhibited the activity. The
      fluoride-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity was similarly affected except for
      an inhibition of activity occurring at low benzyl alcohol concentrations (approx.
      10 mM. 2. The fluoride-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity of a solubilized
      enzyme preparation was unaffected by any of the benzyl alcohol concentrations
      tested. 3. Increases in 3-phenylpropan-1-ol and 5-phenylpentan-1-ol
      concentrations progressively activated both the fluoride- and glucagon-stimulated
      adenylate cyclase activities up to a maximum, above which further increases in
      alcohol concentration inhibited the activities. 4. The 'break' points in
      Arrhenius plots of glucagon-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in native
      plasma membranes, and in plasma membranes fused with synthetic dimyristoyl
      phosphatidylcholine so as to constitute 60% of the total lipid pool, were
      decreased by approx. 6 degrees C by addition of 40 mM-benzyl alcohol. This was
      accompanied by a fall in the associated activation energies. 6. Arrhenius plots
      of fluoride-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in the presence and absence of
      40 mM-benzyl alcohol were linear, although addition of benzyl alcohol caused a
      dramatic decrease in the associated activation energy of the reaction. 7. 5'
      Nucleotidase activity was stimulated by benzyl alcohol, and the 'break' point in
      the Arrhenius plot of its activity was decreased by about 6 degrees C by addition
      of 40 mM-benzyl alcohol to the assay. 8. It is suggested that benzyl alcohol
      effects a fluidization of the bilayer, which is clearly demonstrated by its
      ability to lower the temperature of a lipid phase separation occurring at 28
      degrees C in the outer half of the bilayer to around 22 degrees C. The increase
      in bilayer fluidity relieves a physical constraint on the membrane-bound
      adenylate cyclase, activating the enzyme. 9. The various inhibition phenomena are
      discussed in detail, together with the suggestion that the interaction between
      the uncoupled catalytic unit of adenylate cyclase and the lipids of the bilayer
      is altered on its physical coupling to the glucagon receptor.

PMID- 697752
TI  - The transport of alpha-aminoisobutyrate into Crithidia fasciculata.
AB  - The transport of alpha-aminoisobutyrate into Crithidia fasciculata was
      characterized under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Kinetic data for alpha
      aminoisobutyrate transport were consistent with the operation of a single system
      of broad specificity that showed no marked dependence on Na+. Under anaerobic
      conditions alpha-aminoisobutyrate transport was inhibited by uncouplers such as
      2,4-dinitrophenol, lipophilic cations such as methyltriphenylphosphonium ion and
      adenosine triphosphatase inhibitors such as dicyclohexylcarbodi-imide and NaN3. A
      working model in which alpha-aminoisobutyrate enters this organism by an H+
      symport mechanism, the electrochemical gradient of protons being maintained by an
      H+-translocating adenosine triphosphatase on the cytoplasmic membrane, is
      proposed.

PMID- 697753
TI  - Effects of maternal ethanol consumption on hepatic lipid biosynthesis in foetal
      and neonatal rats.
AB  - Effects of prolonged maternal ethanol consumption were studied on hepatic lipid
      content, on the rates of fatty acid synthesis and on the activities of enzymes
      involved in fatty acid synthesis in the livers of foetal and suckling neonatal
      rats. Prolonged maternal ethanol consumption resulted in a significant increase
      in the contents of hepatic total lipids, triacylglycerols and plasma unesterified
      fatty acids in foetal and neonatal rats. Studies in vitro with 3H2O showed that
      maternal ethanol consumption did not result in a significant change in its rate
      of incorporation into lipid fractions of foetal and neonatal livers. The rates of
      fatty acid synthesis showed a pronounced decrease immediately after birth,
      compared with the foetal stage, but increased in the adult animals. On the other
      hand, the highest rates of lipid oxidation were observed in the neonatal stage.
      Maternal ethanol consumption resulted in a significant decrease in the rates of
      [14C]palmitate oxidation to 14CO2 by both the foetal and neonatal livers.
      Maternal ethanol consumption did not result in an increase in the activities of
      any of the lipid-synthesizing enzymes tested throughout the period of
      development. Although increased fatty acid synthesis does not seem to be the
      mechanism for the accumulation of these lipids, decreased oxidation of the lipids
      may be partly responsible for the lipid accumulation.

PMID- 697754
TI  - Effect of oestrogen and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol on 25
      hydroxycholecalciferol metabolism in primary chick kidney-cell cultures.
AB  - Primary cultures of chick kidney cells convert 25-hydroxycholecalciferol into
      more-polar metabolites. Cells from vitamin D-deficient chicks have high 25
      hydroxycholecalciferol 1 alpha-hydroxylase (1 alpha-hydroxylase) activity, but no
      25-hydroxycholecalciferol 24-hydroxylase (24-hydroxylase) activity. Physiological
      concentrations of 1,25-dihydroxycholeclaciferol suppress 1 alpha-hydroxylase and
      induce 24-hydroxylase activity. The inhibition of 1 alpha-hydroxylase preceded
      the induction of 24-hydroxylase. In contrast, oestradiol-17 beta had no effect on
      the activity of either hydroxylase under a variety of experimental conditions.
      These results clearly demonstrate that 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, but not
      oestrogen, acts directly on the kidney cells to regulate the metabolism of 25
      hydroxycholecalciferol.

PMID- 697755
TI  - Uptake of substrates for milk-fat synthesis by lactating-rabbit mammary gland.
AB  - 1. A cannulation technique is described for measuring arteriovenous differences
      across the lactating-rabbit mammary gland. 2. Analysis of milk obtained before
      and after surgery shows no effect of cannulation on milk constituents. 3. Results
      of blood analysis show significant net changes in the concentrations of glucose,
      acetate, 3-hydroxybutrate, triacylglycerols and non-esterified fatty acids across
      the mammary gland. 4. The molar proportions of individual fatty acids in both the
      triacylglycerol and non-esterified fatty acid fractions did not alter between the
      arterial and venous samples. 5. The extraction rates are compared with those
      obtained from other species.

PMID- 697756
TI  - Phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate in the mitochondrial matrix.
AB  - The origin of the GTP needed for th phosphorylation of AMP in the mitochondrial
      matrix was investigated. When short-chain fatty acids are metabolized by
      hepatocytes, AMP is readily formed within the matrix by the butyryl-CoA ligase
      (AMP-forming) reaction (EC 6.2.1.2). The rate of matrix AMP formation in rat
      hepatocytes was calculated from the rate of ketone-body formation. The rate of
      the reconversion of matrix AMP into ADP by GTP-AMP transphosphorylase is limited
      by the rate of supply of GTP. GTP can be formed either by succinic thiokinase (EC
      6.2.1.4) or by nucleoside diphosphokinase (EC 2.7.4.6). The rate of the succinic
      thiokinase reaction was calculated from turnover of the tricarboxylic acid cycle
      and this was calculated from the rate of O2 consumption and ketone-body
      formation. The results show that nucleoside diphosphokinase can make a major
      contribution (up to 80%) to the supply of GTP under the test conditions.

PMID- 697757
TI  - Velocity sedimentation of organelles at low centrifugal force in an isokinetic
      gradient.
AB  - Mast-cell granules and polystyrene microspheres (0.600 and 1.011 micrometer in
      diameter) were sedimented in a previously described [Pretlow (1971) Anal.
      Biochem. 41, 248--255] isokinetic gradient in a low-speed centrifuge. For the
      analytical velocity sedimentation of organelles, this gradient offers several
      advantages over gradients that are commonly used for the sedimentation of
      organelles: (a) the density gradient (0.0008 g.ml-1.cm-1) is small, and the
      effective densities of organelles will change relatively little during
      sedimentation; (b) the densities at all points in the gradient (1.017--1.027
      g/ml) are less than those in gradients commonly used for the sedimentation of
      organelles, the effective densities of sedimenting organelles are consequently
      relatively large, and the effect of density as a determinant of velocity of
      sedimentation is less limiting than in conventional gradients; (c) the small
      slope of the gradient is associated with a relatively slow increase in the
      viscosity encountered by the sedimenting organelle; (d) the iso-osmotic gradient
      is not significantly affected by the gradient medium (Ficoll), and the osmolarity
      can be adjusted to the desired value by the selection of an appropriate salt
      solution as the solvent for the Ficoll; (e) the gradient will be isokinetic for
      particles of densities similar to most organelles. An ultracentrifuge is not
      required for work with this gradient.

PMID- 697758
TI  - Heterogeneity of lysosomes originating from rat liver parenchymal cells.
      Metabolic relationship of subpopulations separated by density-gradient
      centrifugation.
AB  - 1. A crude lysosomal fraction obtained by differential centrifugation of a rat
      liver homogenate was subjected to zonal centrifugation in iso-osmotic self
      generating gradients composed of modified colloidal silica (Percoll). Analysis of
      relevant marker-enzyme activities shows a continuous band of considerably
      purified lysosomal particles in the density range 1.04--1.11 g/ml. 2. A
      relationship between age and buoyant density of the parenchymal lysosomal
      subpopulations is indicated by the distribution of 125I-labelled
      asialoglycoproteins in the heterogeneous lysosomes during the catabolism of the
      glycoprotein. The labelled asialoglycoprotein first appeared in lysosomal
      particles of low density, which with time progressively acquired a higher
      density. Furthermore, 30 min after administration the 125I-labelled
      asialocaeruloplasmin recovered in the light lysosomes was less degraded than the
      material recovered in the heavy lysosomes. 3. A lysosomal enzyme (arylsulphatase)
      was found to possess considerably higher isoelectric points in the heavy
      lysosomes than in the light lysosomes, which is consistent with a relationship
      between age and density of the lysosomes.

PMID- 697759
TI  - Turnover of metallothioneins in rat liver.
AB  - Two electrophoretically distinguishable metallothioneins were isolated from the
      livers of Cd2+-treated rats and had thiol group/metal ratios of 3:1, a total
      metal content, in each of these proteins, of 3.6 atoms of Cd2+ + 2.4 atoms of
      Zn2+/molecule and 4.2 atoms of Cd2+ + 2.8 atoms of Zn2+/molecule and respective
      apoprotein mol.wts. of 5844 and 6251. Studies with 1 h pulse labels of
      [3H]cysteine, given after a single injection of ZnCl2 or CdCl2, showed that these
      metals stimulated radioactive isotope incorporation into the metallothioneins
      over the control value by 10- and 15-fold respectively. This stimulation was
      maximal at 4 h after a single CdCl2 injection and decreased to control values by
      16 h, suggesting that either a translational event is responding to free
      intracellular Cd2+ or a short-lived mRNA is being produced or stabilized in
      response to the metal treatment. In rats chronically exposed to CdCl2, the
      metallothioneins increased to 0.2% of the liver wet weight from a control value
      of 2--4 mumol/kg of liver, with a maximum rate of accumulation of 2--3 mumol/h
      per kg of liver. The turnover of these proteins in control animals was 0.3--0.6
      mumoles/h per kg of liver, measured by the rate of disappearance of 203Hg2+,
      which binds irreversibly to the metallothioneins. Pretreatment with CdCl2
      completely stopped the rapid 203Hg turnover observed in untreated animals. Unlike
      CdCl2, treatment with ZnCl2 increased the concentration of metallothioneins to a
      new steady-state pool, 11 mumole/kg of liver, after 10 h. The increase in the
      zinc-thionein pool by exposure to ZnCl2 in vivo was determined to be primarily
      due to a stimulation of metallothionein biosynthesis.

PMID- 697760
TI  - Is a urea cycle present in insects?
AB  - 1. The presence of appreciable activity of the urea-cycle enzymes in the tissues
      of Sarcophaga ruficornis, a carnivorous dipteran insect, all through its life
      cycle appears significant in view of their total absence barring arginase (L
      arginine ureohydrolase, EC 3.5.3.1) in the phytophagous lepidopteran eri silkwork
      Philosamia ricini at any stage of development. Further, the variation of all
      these enzymes all through its development suggests the possibility of the
      operation of the Krebs-Henseleit urea cycle in this carnivorous insect. 2. The
      almost parallel behaviour of arginase and ornithine delta-transaminase (L
      ornithine-2-oxo acid aminotransferase, EC 2.6.1.13) in both the insects suggests
      another important role of the former in proline biosynthesis in insects. 3. High
      proteolytic activity accompanied with significant protein depletion and
      simultaneous increase in arginine is suggestive of the degradation of proteins
      and peptides.

PMID- 697761
TI  - Diminished excretion of polyamines from BHK-21/C13 cells exposed to methylglyoxal
      bis(guanylhydrazone).
AB  - Methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) (1,1'
      [methylethanediylidine)dinitrilo]diguanidine) inhibited the growth of BHK-21/C13
      cells in monolayer cultures. Accumulation of spermidine and spermine was
      inhibited, whereas the accumulation of putrescine was increased. The
      intracellular spermidine/spermine molar ratio decreased conly slightly after
      exposure of the cells to 20 micrometer-methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) for 1
      day. Cells incubated in the presence of the drug released less polyamine into the
      culture medium that did control cells, the polyamine released consisting almost
      exclusively of spermidine, both free and as a conjugated form.

PMID- 697762
TI  - Reversal by triton WR-1339 of ethynyloestradiol-induced hepatic cholesterol
      esterification.
AB  - RATS TREATED WITH ETHYNYLOESTRADIOL HAVE MARKED HYPOLIPIDAEMIA: serum cholesterol
      is decreased to 5%, triacylglycerol to 10% and phospholipid to 70% of control
      concentrations. Loss of serum cholesterol follows an exponential decay, with a
      half-life of 1.13+/-0.09 days. After 4 days of treatment, serum cholesterol
      concentrations remain relatively constant (ranging from 1 to 20mg/100ml) for at
      least 30 days. There is a concomitant 20-fold decrease in the d<1.21 fraction of
      serum proteins and a similar decrease in serum apolipoproteins as measured by
      sodium dodecyl sulphate/10%-polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. The activity of
      hepatic microsomal acyl-CoA-cholesterol O-acetyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.26) was
      significantly increased by ethynyloestradiol treatment (P<0.05). This activation
      caused hepatic cholesteryl esters containing mainly C(18:1) fatty acids to
      increase linearly as serum cholesterol concentrations decreased (r=0.9675,
      P<0.001). Triton WR-1339, a non-ionic detergent that inhibits lipoprotein
      catabolism, was used to estimate hepatic lipid secretion by measuring the
      increment in serum lipids after its administration. At 15h after Triton WR-1339
      administration, serum cholesterol concentrations were increased equally in both
      control and ethynyloestradiol-treated rats. In contrast, the increment of serum
      triacylglycerol of treated rats was 40% of that found in control rats, indicating
      that ethynyloestradiol inhibits hepatic triacylglycerol secretion. Triton WR-1339
      inhibited the oestrogen activation of hepatic microsomal acyl-CoA-cholesterol O
      acyltransferase and restored hepatic cholesteryl ester concentrations to normal
      values. These data suggest that ethynyloestradiol and its pharmacological
      ;antagonist' Triton WR-1339 alter hepatic triacylglycerol secretion via a
      mechanism associated with changes in hepatic cholesterol esterification.

PMID- 697763
TI  - The identification of rat intestinal membrane enzymes after electrophoresis on
      polyacrylamide gels containing sodium dodecyl sulphate.
AB  - Brush-border membranes were isolated from the rat small intestine and then
      treated with sodium dodecyl sulphate under non-reducing conditions at room
      temperature. Analysis of the solubilized components by polyacrylamide-gel
      electrophoresis identified three major glycoproteins that co-migrate with
      glucoamylase-maltase-sucrase, lactase and isomaltase-maltase-sucrase activities.
      High activities of alkaline phosphatase and trehalase were detectable, but they
      could not be attributed to distinct co-migrating protein bands. Analysis of
      mucosa from the distal small intestine by the same methods showed a pattern of
      bands different from that obtained with the proximal intestine, which appeared to
      correlate with the relative deficiency of some of the enzymes in the distal
      region.

PMID- 697764
TI  - The lipid composition of a barley mutant lacking chlorophyll b.
AB  - The acyl-lipid composition of a barley mutant that contained no detectable
      chlorophyll b was studied. This mutant contained chloroplasts that were much less
      organized than chloroplasts of normal barley. The mutant contained all the normal
      acyl lipids, with small increases in the relative concentration of
      phosphatidylglycerol and diacylsulphoquinoglycerides was unchanged, but most
      other lipids of the mutant barley contained lower amounts of alpha-linolenic acid
      compared with normal. There was no difference in the transhexadec-3-enoic acid
      content of phosphatidylglycerol, which was evidence against this lipid being
      involved in grana stacking.

PMID- 697765
TI  - Chemical structure and biodegradability of halogenated aromatic compounds. Two
      catechol 1,2-dioxygenases from a 3-chlorobenzoate-grown pseudomonad.
AB  - 1. Two catechol 1,2-dioxygenases, pyrocatechase I and pyrocatechase II, were
      found in 3-chlorobenzoate-grown cells of Pseudomonas sp. B 13. The latter enzyme
      showed high relative activities with 3- and 4-chlorocatechol compared with
      catechol. 2. In benzoate-grown cells, only pyrocatechase I was induced. It was
      purified 29-fold with a final specific activity of 20 mumol of catechol
      oxygenated/min per mg of protein and an overall yield of 22%. Because of the
      instability of pyrocatechase II on chromatography and dialysis, no increase of
      specific activity was obtained during the purification experiments. 3. Molecular
      weights of pyrocatechase I and pyrocatechase II were 82000 and 67000
      respectively. 4. For both pyrocatechases the pH optimum was found to be at 8.0.5.
      Inhibitions of the two pyrocatechases by Cu2+ and Hg2+ ions and p
      chloromercuribenzoate were different. The effect on pyrocatechase I after
      incubation for 20 h with the heavy metals was decreased by addition of 1 mM-2
      mercaptoethanol to the reaction mixture. The inhibition of pyrocatechase II was
      even enhanced under these conditions. 6. Extradiol cleavage of 3-methylcatechol
      in addition to intradiol fission at a ratio of 1:14 was observed only with
      pyrocatechase I.

PMID- 697766
TI  - Chemical structure and biodegradability of halogenated aromatic compounds.
      Substituent effects on 1,2-dioxygenation of catechol.
AB  - 1. The influence of halogen substituents on the 1,2-dioxygenation of catechols
      was investigated. The results obtained with the two isoenzymes pyrocatechase I
      and pyrocatechase II from the haloarene-utilizing Pseudomonas sp. B 13 and the
      pyrocatechase from benzoate-induced cells of Alcaligenes eutrophus B.9 were
      compared. 2. Substituents on catechol were found to interfere with O2 binding by
      the two isoenzymes from Pseudomonas sp. B 13, whereas the Km value for catechol
      kept constant at different O2 concentrations. 3. Electron-attracting substituents
      decreased the Km values for catechols. 4. Results from binding studies with
      substituted catechols demonstrated narrow stereospecificities of pyrocatechase I
      from pseudomonas sp. B 13 and the pyrocatechase from alcaligenes eutrophus B.9.
      In contrast, a low steric hindrance by substituents in the binding of catechols
      with pyrocatechase II was observed. 5. Low pK'1 values of substituted catechols
      resulted in low Michaelis constants. 6. Electron-attracting substituents such as
      halogen decreased the reaction rates of catechol 1,2-dioxygenation. The
      correlation of the Vmax. values observed with pyrocatechase II from Pseudomonas
      sp. B 13 with the substituent constant sigma+ (Okamoto--Brown equation) was
      distinctly greater than with Hammett's sigma values. The corresponding logVmax.
      against sigma+ correlation for pyrocatechase I was considerably disturbed by
      steric influences of the substituents.

PMID- 697767
TI  - Mechanisms of replenishment of nuclear androgen receptor in rat ventral prostate.
AB  - 1. The concentration of androgen receptor in the nucleus of the prostatic cell is
      rapidly elevated by the administration in vivo of 2mug of [(3)H]testosterone to 1
      day-castrated rats. From a concentration of 2300 receptors/nucleus at 5min after
      intravenous injection of hormone, there is an increase to 21000 receptors/nucleus
      at 60min. At the same time, the amount of binding of androgen in the cytoplasm
      remains constant at a relatively low value. 2. An identical dose of
      [(3)H]testosterone administered to 7-day-castrated rats produces a much smaller
      change in the concentration of nuclear receptor, from 700 receptors/nucleus at
      5min to only 4300 receptors/nucleus at 60min. Thus the reservoir from which
      nuclear receptor is replenished is considerably smaller in regressed prostatic
      cells. Again, the amount of binding of androgen in the cytoplasm remains
      unchanged at a low value over the experimental time course of 60min. 3. In
      contrast with the scant labelling of cytoplasmic receptor achieved by injecting
      animals with [(3)H]testosterone, labelling in vitro, by incubation of tissue
      slices with radioisotope, indicates that prostate of 1-day-castrated animals
      actually contains 21400 receptors/cell in the cytoplasmic compartment, and
      prostate of 7-day-castrated animals 3000 receptors/cell. 4. Owing to the
      similarity between the concentration of nuclear receptor measured in vivo and the
      concentration of cytoplasmic receptor measured in vitro, the labelling techniques
      in vivo and in vitro were used in sequence to demonstrate the movement of most of
      the cytoplasmic receptor into the nucleus. In the 5-60min interval after the
      administration of [(3)H]testosterone to 1-day-castrated rats, a decrease of 17400
      receptor molecules in the cytoplasm is exactly mirrored by an increase of 17200
      receptor molecules in the nucleus. 5. These results imply that, in prostate of 1
      day-castrated rats, nuclear receptor is replenished exclusively by translocation
      of cytoplasmic receptor. However, in the regressed prostate of 7-day-castrated
      rats, only about 25% of the nuclear receptor is replenished through translocation
      of existing cytoplasmic receptor. The remainder is ultimately synthesized during
      new rounds of cell division induced by hormone.

PMID- 697769
TI  - Selectivity of transcription and structure of coliphage N4 virion-associated RNA
      polymerase.

PMID- 697768
TI  - Effect of non-histone chromosomal proteins on transcription in vitro in sea
      urchin.
AB  - Non-histone chromosomal proteins prepared from chromosomal material of the sea
      urchin Paracentrotus lividus affect RNA synthesis in vitro. 1. The extent of
      transcription can be radically changed from inhibition to stimulation, depending
      on the DNA/non-histone chromosomal proteins ratio. 2. A correlation exists
      between stage of development and influence on transcription. 3. Non-histone
      chromosomal proteins exert their action by intervening directly on some
      initiation step of RNA synthesis, as shown by the numbers of initiation events
      that take place in their presence or absence. 4. Stimulatory activity is observed
      only in restrictive conditions of ionic strength and temperature. These
      observations are in agreement with models that predict for non-histone
      chromosomal proteins a regulatory role on the transcription process exerted
      through a modulation of promoter availability.

PMID- 697770
TI  - Bacteriophage T4 tail length is controlled by its baseplate.

PMID- 697771
TI  - Nerve growth factor induced turnover of phosphatidylinositol in rat superior
      cervical ganglia.

PMID- 697772
TI  - Estrogen induction of ornithine aminotransferase in rat kidney slices.

PMID- 697773
TI  - Bromo (methylthio) benzenes and related sulfur-containing compounds: minor
      urinary metabolites of bromobenzene in rats.

PMID- 697774
TI  - Comparison of highly-purified microsomal cytochromes P-450 and NADPH-cytochrome P
      450 reductases by peptide mapping.

PMID- 697775
TI  - Branched chain amino acids as activators of branched chain ketoacid
      dehydrogenase.

PMID- 697776
TI  - Isolation of an acyl-CoA carboxylase from the tapeworm Spirometra mansonoides.

PMID- 697777
TI  - Excitation of indole analogs by phagocytosing leukocytes.

PMID- 697778
TI  - The permissive effect of cortical steroids on the induction of brain ornithine
      decarboxylase by nerve growth factor.

PMID- 697779
TI  - Oxygen dependent and independent steps in luciferase-FMNH2 oxidation.

PMID- 697780
TI  - High molecular weight forms of relaxin in pregnant sow ovaries.

PMID- 697781
TI  - Effect of tin compounds on activity of 5-aminolevulinate dehydratase in blood.

PMID- 697782
TI  - Mass spectrometry of acetylated, permethylated and reduced oligopeptides.

PMID- 697783
TI  - In vitro synthesis of chloroplast ferredoxin as a high molecular weight precursor
      in a cell-free protein synthesizing system from wheat germs.

PMID- 697784
TI  - Direct identification of the high and low affinity calcium binding sites of
      troponin-C.

PMID- 697785
TI  - Extraction of nuclear glucocorticoid-receptor complexes with pyridoxal phosphate.

PMID- 697786
TI  - The interaction of histone and protamine with actin. Possible involvement in the
      formation of the mitotic spindle.

PMID- 697787
TI  - Creatine kinase bound to cardiac cells nuclei.

PMID- 697788
TI  - Structure of a complex asparagine bound glycopeptide from horse pancreatic
      ribonuclease containing (2 leads to 3) and (2 leads to 6) linked sialic acid
      residues.

PMID- 697789
TI  - Inhibition of pancreatic somatostatin release in response to glucose.

PMID- 697790
TI  - Amino terminal sequence of the precursor of ovine beta-lactoglobulin.

PMID- 697791
TI  - Divalent mitogens as tools in the study of commitment of lymphocytes to
      proliferation.

PMID- 697792
TI  - High levels of a calcium-dependent modulator protein in spermatozoa and its
      similarity to brain modulator protein.

PMID- 697793
TI  - Reassignment of the methine resonances of D-fructose based on the carbon-13
      N.M.R. spectrum of 3-O-methyl-D-fructose.

PMID- 697794
TI  - The secretion of parathormone and glycosylated proteins by parathyroid cells in
      culture.

PMID- 697795
TI  - Evidence suggesting direct oxidation of human erythrocyte membrane sulfhydryls by
      copper.

PMID- 697796
TI  - Intracellular location of human fibroblast interferon messenger RNA.

PMID- 697797
TI  - Colchicine inhibits the accumulation of messenger RNA for a brain-specific
      protein in rat glial cells.

PMID- 697798
TI  - On the mechanism of phenylhydrazine-induced hemolytic anemia.

PMID- 697799
TI  - DNAse I preferentially digests chromatin containing hyperacetylated histones.

PMID- 697800
TI  - Tissue dependent receptor binding of 9alpha fluorohydrocortisone.

PMID- 697801
TI  - Catalysis by arginine deiminase: evidence for a covalent intermediate.

PMID- 697802
TI  - Arginine deiminase: demonstration of two active sites and possible half-of-the
      sites reactivity.

PMID- 697803
TI  - Optical studies on the structure of hemoglobin messenger ribonucleic acid.

PMID- 697804
TI  - Suicidal inactivation of cytochrome P-450. Formation of a heme-substrate covalent
      adduct.

PMID- 697805
TI  - Lactate oxidative capacity in different types of muscle.

PMID- 697806
TI  - Stereospecific binding of triostin A to nucleic acid purine base derivatives.

PMID- 697807
TI  - Substrate characteristics of progesterone-albumin conjugates with 20beta
      hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase.

PMID- 697808
TI  - Formation and metabolism of a glutathione-S-conjugate in isolated rat liver and
      kidney cells.

PMID- 697809
TI  - Radioimmunoassay for gamma-endorphin.

PMID- 697810
TI  - Resonance coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectra of flavin adenine
      dinucleotide, riboflavin binding protein and glucose oxidase.

PMID- 697811
TI  - Carbon-13 NMR studies of C2H5N13C bound to hemoproteins - evidence for a
      different distal proteic environment in beta-chains either isolated or within
      human hemoglobin.

PMID- 697812
TI  - Influence of hormones on NADH-dehydrogenase in mouse liver plasma membrane.

PMID- 697813
TI  - The function of phospholipase A2 in the metabolism of membrane lipids.

PMID- 697814
TI  - Ribonucleotide reductase: association of the regulatory subunit in the presence
      of allosteric effectors.

PMID- 697815
TI  - Hybridization between 5S rRNA and 18S rRNA from barley embryos and mouse sarcoma
      180 ascites cells.

PMID- 697816
TI  - Mechanisms for the biodehalogenation of iodocompounds.

PMID- 697817
TI  - Singlet oxygen formation during peroxidase catalyzed degradation of carcinogenic
      N-nitrosamine.

PMID- 697818
TI  - Fluorescent enkephalin derivatives with biological activity.

PMID- 697819
TI  - Purification of human renin.

PMID- 697820
TI  - Microsomal C-nitroso reductase activity.

PMID- 697821
TI  - Estrogen action in the mouse uterus: an additional nuclear event.

PMID- 697822
TI  - Dihydrosphingosine growth inhibition and repression of 3-ketodihydrosphingosine
      synthetase activity in Bacteroides melaninogenicus.

PMID- 697823
TI  - The amino acid sequence of chick skin collagen alpha1-CB7: the presence of a
      previously unrecognized triplet.

PMID- 697824
TI  - The 26-hydroxylation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in vitro by chick renal homogenates.

PMID- 697825
TI  - Conjugate of nicotine and cotinine to bovine serum albumin.

PMID- 697826
TI  - Stereochemistry of dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor antitumor agents: molecular
      structure of "Baker's antifol" (NSC 139105, triazinate) and "insoluble Baker's
      antifol" (NSC 113423).

PMID- 697827
TI  - Identification and synthesis of a tripeptide in ECUM fluid of an uremic patient.

PMID- 697828
TI  - Alteration of collagen synthesis in lung organ cultures by hyperoxic
      environments.

PMID- 697829
TI  - In vivo and in vitro inhibition of protein synthesis in Bacillus
      stearothermophilus by ochratoxin A.

PMID- 697830
TI  - Identification of albumin mRNPs in the cytosol of fasting rat liver and influence
      of tryptophan or a mixture of amino acids.

PMID- 697831
TI  - Regional and subcellular distribution of cysteine sulfinate transaminase in rat
      nervous system.

PMID- 697832
TI  - Surface carbohydrates of aged erythrocytes.

PMID- 697833
TI  - N-Acetylcolchinol. Structure and hydrogen-bonding in a benzenoid colchicine
      analogue.

PMID- 697834
TI  - Acyl-CoA oxidase of rat liver: a new enzyme for fatty acid oxidation.

PMID- 697835
TI  - Role of gangliosides in gonadotropin and cholera enterotoxin stimulated
      steroidogenesis in isolated rat ovarian cells.

PMID- 697836
TI  - Photolysis of 2-azidofluorene in situ as a probe in chemical carcinogenesis:
      bypass of requirement for metabolic activation.

PMID- 697837
TI  - Crystallization and amino acid composition of cathepsin B from rat liver
      lysosomes.

PMID- 697838
TI  - Restoration of pool function type behavior to succinate dehydrogenase having
      latent reconstitutive activity in ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase complex.

PMID- 697840
TI  - An essential histidine residue in the catalytic mechanism of mammalian
      glutathione reductase.

PMID- 697839
TI  - Increased amounts of hybrid (heavy/heavy) DNA in Bloom's syndrome fibroblasts.

PMID- 697841
TI  - Amino-terminal extension analogs of methionine-enkephalin.

PMID- 697842
TI  - Sesquiterpene juvenile hormones: novel uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation.

PMID- 697843
TI  - Modification of the C-terminus of brain tubulin during development.

PMID- 697844
TI  - Phosphorylation, a factor controlling the synthesis of L-erythrodihydrobiopterin
      (BH2).

PMID- 697845
TI  - 35S-Sulphate labelling of glycoproteins and glycolipids in rabbit small
      intestinal brush borders.

PMID- 697846
TI  - L-3-Glycerol phosphate oxidation with energy coupling in submitochondrial
      particles from skeletal muscle mitochondria.

PMID- 697847
TI  - Enzymatic inactivation of human serum proteinase inhibitors by snake venom
      proteinases.

PMID- 697848
TI  - Conformation of N4-acetylcytidine, a modified nucleoside of tRNA, and
      stereochemistry of codon-anticodon interaction.

PMID- 697849
TI  - Site specific interaction of protons liberated from photosystem II oxidation with
      a hydrophobic membrane component of the chloroplast membrane.

PMID- 697850
TI  - Effect of various prostaglandins on the release of arachidonic acid from cultured
      fibroblasts.

PMID- 697851
TI  - Purification and properties of a membrane-bound aldehyde dehydrogenase from rat
      liver microsomes.

PMID- 697852
TI  - Elasnin, a new human granulocyte elastase inhibitor produced by a strain of
      Streptomyces.

PMID- 697853
TI  - Evidence for an inhibitor of protein synthesis in rabbit reticulocytes activated
      by high pressure.

PMID- 697854
TI  - Unusually fast ligand exchange rate in horseradish peroxidase as studied by
      temperature-jump method.

PMID- 697855
TI  - Multiple drug metabolism in isolated hepatocytes: enhancement of aniline
      hydroxylation.

PMID- 697856
TI  - Detection of an indole oxidizing system in maize leaves.

PMID- 697857
TI  - Lactose sensitive lectin of chick retina and spinal cord.

PMID- 697858
TI  - Induction of rat liver cytosol methyl red azo-reductase by 3-methylcholanthrene
      assayed by a sensitive fluorometric method.

PMID- 697859
TI  - Control of mitochondrial metabolism by the ATP/ADP ratio.

PMID- 697860
TI  - The monazomycin probe as detector of the interaction of charged lipid vesicles,
      polypeptides, proteins, and divalent cations with planar bilayer lipid membranes.

PMID- 697861
TI  - Reduced immunoglobulin G activates complement system with decreased
      cooperativity.

PMID- 697862
TI  - The existence of a benzo(a)pyrene-3,6-quinone reductase in rat liver microsomal
      fractions.

PMID- 697863
TI  - Effect of glucocorticoids on calcium binding to plasma membranes of livers during
      regeneration.

PMID- 697864
TI  - The acid-dependent conversion of major nuclear oligomeric polypeptides into a
      smaller species.

PMID- 697865
TI  - Denaturation of cytochrome P-450 by cyclophosphamide metabolites.

PMID- 697866
TI  - Binding of aflatoxin to DNA as studied by optical detection of magnetic
      resonance.

PMID- 697867
TI  - Direct effect of insulin on the labeling of isolated plasma membranes by
      [gamma32P] ATP.

PMID- 697868
TI  - Two affinity chromatography methods for the purification of glyoxalase I from
      rabbit liver.

PMID- 697869
TI  - The recently proposed 20,22-epoxycholesterol as the intermediate in the
      conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone by adrenal cortex mitochondria must be
      5alpha,6alpha-epoxycholestan-3beta-ol.

PMID- 697870
TI  - Isolation of specific human metaphase chromosomes.

PMID- 697871
TI  - Mitochondrial phosphate transport: correlation between alkylation of membrane
      proteins with N-[3H-A1ethylmaleimide and inhibition of transport.

PMID- 697872
TI  - Effects of adrenal steroid activator protein on the conversion of various 20- and
      22-hydroxycholesterols to pregnenolone by adrenal mitochondrial enzymes.

PMID- 697873
TI  - 25-hydroxycholecalciferol-binding protein: partial purification from rat duodenal
      mucosa cells.

PMID- 697874
TI  - The enzyme stability of dehydropeptides.

PMID- 697875
TI  - The effect of ethionine intoxication on the membrane proteins of rat parotid
      gland secretory granules.

PMID- 697876
TI  - Mechanism of Arthrobacter sialophilus neuraminidase: the binding of substrates
      and transition-state analogs.

PMID- 697877
TI  - Solubilization of vitamin K epoxide reductase and vitamin K-dependent carboxylase
      from rat liver microsomes.

PMID- 697878
TI  - Biosynthesis of chondroitin sulfate: microsomal proteoglycans.

PMID- 697879
TI  - Inhibition of UV-induced DNA repair at different steps by quinacrine and
      anthralin.

PMID- 697880
TI  - DFP-sensitive polypeptides of the guinea pig peritoneal macrophage.

PMID- 697881
TI  - Mechanism of oxidation of carbon monoxide by bacteria.

PMID- 697882
TI  - The effect of anti-cancer drugs on the plasma disposition of antipyrine and the
      biliary excretion of phenolphthalein in the rat.

PMID- 697883
TI  - Uptake of S-adenosyl-L-methionine by rabbit erythrocytes.

PMID- 697884
TI  - Protective role of S-adenosyl-L-methionine on liver injury induced by D
      galactosamine in rats.

PMID- 697885
TI  - Metabolism in vitro of para-substituted styrenes. Kinetic observations of
      substituent effects.

PMID- 697886
TI  - Secondary deuterium isotope effects on olefin epoxidation by cytochrome P-450.

PMID- 697887
TI  - An improved method for determination of the total kininogen in rabbit and human
      plasma.

PMID- 697888
TI  - Mechanism of inhibition of Crithidia fasciculata by adenosine and adenosine
      analogs.

PMID- 697889
TI  - Effects of racemic, (S)- and (R)-methylenedioxyamphetamine on synaptosomal uptake
      and release of tritiated norepinephrine.

PMID- 697890
TI  - Metabolism of beta-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine in the rat.

PMID- 697891
TI  - Effect of 1-(p-methoxybenzyl)-6,7-methylenedioxyisoquinoline on mitochondrial
      respiration.

PMID- 697892
TI  - Elevation of brain histamine levels by diaminopyrimidine inhibitors of histamine
      N-methyl transferase.

PMID- 697893
TI  - Reversal of bretylium blockade of adrenergic nerve terminals by
      tetraethylammonium.

PMID- 697894
TI  - Modification of the radioenzymatic assay for the catecholamines.

PMID- 697895
TI  - Influence of phenobarbital on the distribution and elimination of
      desmethylimipramine in the rat.

PMID- 697896
TI  - The effect of albumin on the metabolism of ethoxyresorufin through O-deethylation
      and sulphate-conjugation using isolated rat hepatocytes.

PMID- 697897
TI  - Microfluorimetric analysis of the cytochrome P448 associated, ethoxyresorufin O
      deethylase activities of individual isolated rat hepatocytes.

PMID- 697898
TI  - Nature and reactivity of platinum-pyrimidine blues with biomacromolecules.

PMID- 697899
TI  - Importance of the esterification process in adipose tissue metabolism as
      evidenced by cycloheximide.

PMID- 697900
TI  - Microsomal metabolism of arylamides by the rat and guinea pig--I. Oxidation of N
      3-fluorenylacetamide at carbon-atom-9--a major metabolic reaction.

PMID- 697901
TI  - Evidence that deprenyl, A type B monoamine oxidase inhibitor, is an indirectly
      acting sympathomimetic amine.

PMID- 697902
TI  - Deamination of dopamine and its 3-O-methylated derivative by human brain
      monoamine oxidase.

PMID- 697903
TI  - Metabolism in vivo of carbon disulfide to carbonyl sulfide and carbon dioxide in
      the rat.

PMID- 697904
TI  - Release of endogenous catecholamines from isolated rat brain tissue by
      fenfluramine and N-ethylamphetamine--effects of pargyline.

PMID- 697906
TI  - The effect of the cytostatic agent 9-alpha-D-arabinofuranosyladenine on the
      nucleic acid metabolism in L5178y cells.

PMID- 697905
TI  - Conversion of the N-Q-glucuronide and N-O-sulfate conjugates of N
      hydroxyphenacetin to reactive intermediates.

PMID- 697907
TI  - Hemopexin and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase induction in the mouse and in cell
      culture.

PMID- 697908
TI  - Effects of thiamine deficiency on cerebral and visceral protein synthesis.

PMID- 697909
TI  - Effect of repeated oral administration of isosorbide dinitrate on hepatic
      glutathione S-transferase activitiy in the rat.

PMID- 697910
TI  - Chemical nature of a methylmercury complex with a low molecular weight in the
      liver cytosol of rats exposed to methylmercury chloride.

PMID- 697911
TI  - The effects of allylglycine on GABA synthesis in vivo.

PMID- 697912
TI  - The dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase of the rat caudate nucleus--3. The
      effect of aporphines and protoberberines.

PMID- 697913
TI  - In vivo and in vitro studies on the antimuscarinic activity of some amino esters
      of benzilic acid.

PMID- 697914
TI  - Pituitary involvement in the sexual differentiation and 3-methylcholanthrene
      induction of rat liver microsomal monooxygenases.

PMID- 697915
TI  - Liberation of cyanide from succinonitrile. 2. The effect of ethanol.

PMID- 697916
TI  - Uptake and metabolism of diphenylhydantoin in the isolated perfused rat liver.

PMID- 697917
TI  - Induction of renal metallothionein synthesis by parenteral cadmium-thionein in
      rats.

PMID- 697918
TI  - Binding of some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to glucocorticoid receptors
      in vitro.

PMID- 697919
TI  - Adenosine-3',5'-diphosphate and coenzyme A--effects on platelet function.

PMID- 697920
TI  - Effects of single doses of tranylcypromine on platelet MAO and amine uptake in
      normal subjects.

PMID- 697921
TI  - Ellipticines as potent inhibitors of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase: their binding
      to microsomal cytochromes P450 and protective effect against benzo(a)pyrene
      mutagenicity.

PMID- 697922
TI  - Choline metabolism in human term placenta--studies on de novo synthesis and the
      effects of some drugs on the metabolic fate of [N-methyl 3H]choline.

PMID- 697923
TI  - Combined metabolic effects of ethanol and thiamine deficiency in the central
      nervous system.

PMID- 697924
TI  - Effect of drugs on human erythrocytes--4. Protecting effect of dextran on drug
      induced hemolysis.

PMID- 697925
TI  - Prostaglandins and cannabis--VI. Release of arachidonic acid from HeLa cells by
      delta1-tetrahydrocannabinol and other cannabinoids.

PMID- 697926
TI  - Effect of dietary phenobarbital, 3,4-benzo(alpha)pyrene and 3-methylcholanthrene
      on hepatic, intestinal and renal glutathione s-transferase activities in the rat.

PMID- 697927
TI  - Lysolecithin is a selective reversible inhibitor of mitochondrial monoamine
      oxidase.

PMID- 697928
TI  - Inhibition of DOPA decarboxylation by analogues of tryptophan.

PMID- 697929
TI  - Partition coefficients of alkanols in lipid bilayer/water.

PMID- 697930
TI  - Alcohol dehydrogenase from human and horse liver--substrate specificity with
      diols.

PMID- 697931
TI  - Effects of allopurinol on purine metabolism in cultured heart cells.

PMID- 697932
TI  - Pilot study on the distribution of 14C-labeled methaqualone in the rat brain.

PMID- 697933
TI  - Inhibition of nucleoside uptake in HeLa cells by nitrobenzylthioinosinate.

PMID- 697934
TI  - Effects of alpha-ketocarboxylic acids and 4-pentenoic acid on insulin secretion
      from the perfused rat pancreas.

PMID- 697935
TI  - Ionic and metabolic requirements for tetraethylammonium transport in mouse kidney
      cortex slices.

PMID- 697936
TI  - Human placental choline acetyltransferase. Nature and molecular aspects of the
      inhibition by iodo- and bromoacetylcholines.

PMID- 697937
TI  - Effects of adenosine on glucose and lipid metabolism and hepatic blood flow.

PMID- 697938
TI  - Further studies on catechol uptake and metabolism in rat small bowel in vivo: (1)
      a quantitatively significant process with distinctive structural specifications;
      and (2) the formation of a dopamine glucuronide reservoir after chronic L-dopa
      feeding.

PMID- 697939
TI  - Sex-related differences in the impairment of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzymes in
      rats with adjuvant disease.

PMID- 697940
TI  - A comparative study of the effects of antitumor agents on lysosomes of tumor in
      vivo.

PMID- 697941
TI  - Inhibition of microsomal oxidation by some bis(imidazolyl) derivatives.

PMID- 697942
TI  - Enhancement of anti-cancer activity of cytotoxic chemotherapy with protection of
      normal tissues by inhibition of P.G. synthesis.

PMID- 697943
TI  - A model system for evaluating the role of dietary fiber in chemical
      carcinogenesis.

PMID- 697944
TI  - Xanthine oxidase-induced foot-edema in rats: involement of oxygen radicals.

PMID- 697945
TI  - Microcalorimetric investigations of pharmaceutical complexes II. Drug-albumin
      interactions.

PMID- 697946
TI  - Boundary lubricating ability of synovial fluid in degenerative joint disease.
AB  - The boundary lubricating ability of eleven synovial fluids was measured in a
      miniaturized latex--glass test system. The specimens were obtained at necropsy
      from knees in which the degree of degenerative joint disease varied from none to
      very severe. The lubricating ability of the fluid was independent of the
      viscosity over a wide range of shear rates. It was not diminished even in
      advanced lesions. In two additional fluids, the mucin clot was poor; the
      lubricating ability of one of these was compromised. Thus, although degenerative
      joint disease, during its quiescent stages, is not associated with defective
      synovial lubrication, the possibility that transient defects might lead to
      cartilage wear during life has not been excluded. The measurements are believed
      to be valid indicators of boundary lubricating ability under physiological
      conditions despite the fact that the test surfaces were not cartilaginous and the
      loading was relatively low (up to 47 pounds per square inch).

PMID- 697947
TI  - Differential effects of propranolol on lymphocyte rosette formation and response
      to plant mitogens.
AB  - The effects of propranolol on various lymphocyte functions were studied to gain a
      better understanding of the recently demonstrated suppressive effect of
      propranolol on rheumatoid factor production. D- and L-propranolol at a
      concentration of 1 X 10(-4)M inhibited the formation of human EA rosettes. The
      inhibition occurred within one minute of adding the compounds, was reversible,
      and did not affect cell viability. Addtion of propranolol to preformed EA
      rosettes failed to disaggregate them. Patching and capping of SIg by an Fab'2
      anti-IgG were inhibited at 2.5 X 10(-5)M and above. Propranolol at 2.5 X 10(-5)M
      also inhibited lymphocyte response to phytohemagglutinin and pokeweed mitogen
      without evidence of cell toxicity by trypan blue staining or absolute numbers of
      surviving cells. Congeners of propranolol with mainly beta adrenergic blocking
      properties did not show inhibitory effects. The inhibitory activities of
      propranolol are interpreted in terms of propranolol's membrane stablizing effects
      and ability to interfere with membrane receptor movement.

PMID- 697948
TI  - Synovial fluid lactic acid. A diagnostic aid in septic arthritis.
AB  - Lactic acid concentrations in the synovial fluid of 84 patients with acute
      monoarticular arthritis were determined by gas liquid chromatography. Lactic acid
      values in 27 cases of nongonococcal septic arthritis were strikingly higher (mean
      1170 mg/100ml) than in 45 cases of inflammatory or degenerative arthritis (mean
      34 mg/100 ml), as well as in 12 cases of gonococcal arthritis (mean 27 mg/100
      ml). With the proper equipment, determination of lactic acid can be a relatively
      rapid, reliable procedure. Synovial fluid lactic acid concentrations therefore
      can be used as a rapid, supplemental diagnostic aid in differentiating
      nongonococcal septic arthritis from both gonococcal and nonseptic acute
      arthritis.

PMID- 697949
TI  - Temporal arteriography. Analysis of 21 cases and a review of the literature.
AB  - To define the role of temporal arteriography in the diagnosis of giant-cell
      arteritis, the results of temporal arteriography in 21 patients who had temporal
      artery biopsies were reviewed. Abnormal angiography was found in all patients
      with biopsy-proven giant-cell arteritis, in some patients with polymyalgia
      rheumatica and normal biopsy, and in some patients with neither polymyalgia
      rheumatica nor giant-cell arteritis. No pattern of angiographic abnormality
      typical for giant-cell arteritis could be found. Results suggest temporal
      arteriography is a sensitive but nonspecific procedure in the diagnosis of giant
      cell arteritis and must be coupled with biopsy of angiographic abnormalities for
      confirmation of diagnosis.

PMID- 697950
TI  - Herpes zoster in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - In the context of prospective trials of immunosuppressive drugs in systemic lupus
      erythematosus (SLE) nephritis, 83 patients were studied with regard to
      development of herpes zoster. Herpes zoster was found to occur with high
      frequency (21%) in patients with SLE nephritis treated with immunosuppressive
      agents. The course of herpes zoster was benign: no deaths occurred and only 2 of
      the 18 patients developed generalized disease, which resolved without sequelae.
      Specific antiviral therapy was not necessary and there appears to be no need to
      decrease immunosuppressive medications. Zoster occurred when the SLE was
      relatively inactive and did not exacerbate the SLE. No statistical difference in
      the incidence of zoster was found among the patient groups treated with different
      immunosuppressive regimens.

PMID- 697951
TI  - Effect of inherited deficiency of the fifth component of complement on arthritis
      induced in mice by Mycoplasma pulmonis.
AB  - Mycoplasma pulmonis inoculated parenterally into mice deficient in the fifth
      component of complement (C5) caused a chronic arthritis of significantly greater
      magnitude than in immunologically normal mice. During the chronic phase of
      arthritis M pulmonis organisms were isolated from the joints and organs of C5
      deficient mice more frequently and in larger numbers than from immunologically
      normal mice. The implications of the results are discussed in relation to the
      pathogenesis of M pulmonis induced arthritis and human connective tissue
      diseases.

PMID- 697952
TI  - Regional migratory osteoporosis. A denervation disease.
AB  - Regional migratory osteoporosis is an uncommon entity charcterized by sudden
      attacks of migrating lower extremity paraarticular pain, local edema, and muscle
      atrophy; the disease is verified by radiologic demineralization and bone scan
      uptake. The etiology and pathogenesis are unknown. We describe a case of regional
      migratory osteoporosis followed over nine years by serial electromyographic
      studies documenting denervation patterns coincident in time and location of each
      acute attack. The substantiation of denervation in regional migratory
      osteoporosis is of both diagnostic and pathogenetic significance.

PMID- 697953
TI  - Central retinal vein occlusion complicating systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - Retinal lesions occur in 25 to 30% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
      (SLE). Visual loss, however, is rare. A patient who developed central retinal
      vein occlusion and blindness during the course of active SLE is described. The
      pertinent literature is reviewed with attention to possible pathophysiologic
      mechanisms.

PMID- 697954
TI  - Hemochromatotic arthropathy mimicking rheumatoid arthritis. A case with
      subcutaneous nodules, tenosynovitis, and bursitis.
AB  - A 63-year-old man developed symmetrical polyarthritis, subcutaneous nodules at
      the elbows, olecranon bursitis, and recurrent tenosynovitis. He was later
      discovered to have idiopathic hemochromatosis. Staining of the subcutaneous
      nodule revealed iron deposits. These manifestations which are common to
      rheumatoid arthritis may be seen in hemochromatotic arthropathy.

PMID- 697955
TI  - Immunologic sex differences and the female predominance in systemic lupus
      erythematosus.
AB  - The female predominance in many rheumatic disorders, most notably systemic lupus
      erythematosus, suggests that immunologic sex differences may modify
      susceptibility to disease. Clinical and experimental data indicate heightened
      humoral immunity and depressed cellular immunity in females compared with males.
      These differences appear to be mediated by sex hormones.

PMID- 697956
TI  - SLE and sickle cell disease.

PMID- 697958
TI  - Parotid nodules in Wegener's granulomatosis.

PMID- 697957
TI  - Probability of Reiter's syndrome.

PMID- 697959
TI  - Carpal tunnel syndrome and polymyalgia rheumatica in the elderly.

PMID- 697960
TI  - Electrical studies in carpal tunnel syndrome.

PMID- 697961
TI  - Gross splenomegaly in SLE.

PMID- 697962
TI  - Amyloidosis in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

PMID- 697963
TI  - Buttressing of femoral neck.

PMID- 697964
TI  - Estimation of air concentrations due to the suspension of surface contamination.

PMID- 697965
TI  - Stochastic modelling and forecast of the dosage area product.

PMID- 697966
TI  - Atmospheric halocarbons in the southern hemisphere.

PMID- 697967
TI  - Remote sensing of air pollutants by correlation spectroscopy--instrumental
      response characteristics.

PMID- 697968
TI  - A kilometer pathlength Fourier-transform infrared system for the study of trace
      pollutants in ambient and synthetic atmospheres.

PMID- 697969
TI  - A three-year study of air pollution episodes in a semi-rural area.

PMID- 697970
TI  - Application of an SO 2-denuder for continuous measurement of sulfur in
      submicrometric aerosols.

PMID- 697971
TI  - Sulfate aerosol formation and growth in the stratosphere.

PMID- 697972
TI  - Anatomy of a Los Angeles smog episode: pollutant transport in the daytime sea
      breeze regime.

PMID- 697973
TI  - Man-made airborne acidity and its determination.

PMID- 697974
TI  - Objective sensor placement for sampling regional turbidity.

PMID- 697975
TI  - The analysis of tetra-alkyl lead compounds and their significance as urban air
      pollutants.

PMID- 697976
TI  - Urban-nonurban relationships of halocarbons.

PMID- 697977
TI  - Urban and industrial air pollution in Houston.

PMID- 697978
TI  - Ozone production and transport.

PMID- 697979
TI  - Autoimmunity to receptors as a possible cause of multiple sclerosis.

PMID- 697980
TI  - [A new concept for computer-assisted patient monitoring: Gottingen Information
      System for Intensive Care "GISI" (author's transl)].

PMID- 697981
TI  - Electrocorticographic effects of topically applied scopolamine.
AB  - The electrocorticographic effects of topically applied scopolamine were
      investigated in unanesthetized cats with high cervical transection. After subpial
      injection of 30 cumu scopolamine in concentrations of 10 to 20%, large amplitude
      intermittent sharp waves appeared in the electrocorticogram, which developed into
      long-lasting paroxysmal activity. This effect was antagonized by intravenous
      eserine, 0.1 mg/kg, when it was produced by topical scopolamine in low dosage.
      The acoustically evoked cortical response and the generalized epileptiform
      activity produced by topical succinylcholine disappeared after topical
      scopolamine in low dosage. It is suggested that the seizure-suppressing effect of
      scopolamine may be due to its cholinolytic action. The convulsive activity of
      topical scopolamine in high concentrations may be accounted for by its
      depolarizing, synchronizing, disinhibiting, and acetylcholine-releasing effects.

PMID- 697982
TI  - PUVA or dithranol?

PMID- 697983
TI  - [Scintigraphic changes on the liver and spleen in urticaria pigmentosa].
AB  - In 36 patients with mastocytosis pathological changes in liver and spleen were
      scintigraphically demonstrated. These changes are due to the histologically
      proven involvement of the reticuloendothelial system. The infiltration of the
      liver by mast cells was not evident in liver biopsy.

PMID- 697984
TI  - [Syntopy of Bowen's disease and Lewisite scar].
AB  - Description of a case of Bown's disease in an area of the right lower leg after
      lewisite contamination 30 years ago. The possible influence of lost derivatives
      on carcinogenesis is discussed.

PMID- 697985
TI  - [Psoriasis pustulosa: iron as a therapeutic agent?].
AB  - In a case of psoriasis pustulosa the benefit of iron-therapy is discussed, as it
      is described in literature. Diagnostic criteria are stated that are necessary for
      the diagnosis: iron deficiency, also in psoriasis pustulosa. Only true iron
      deficiency justifies iron medication. Even in its pustular variants per se
      psoriasis is no indication for high-dose parenteral iron-application.

PMID- 697986
TI  - [Is the histological examination in ulcus molle a helpful diagnostic method?].

PMID- 697987
TI  - [Purpura through liver damage].

PMID- 697988
TI  - Experimental epilepsy in chicks and rats after intravenous benzylpenicillin and
      cefazolin.

PMID- 697989
TI  - Central effects of tetanus toxin in adult cockerels.

PMID- 697990
TI  - [Studies of early weaning of calves with forage of varying quality].

PMID- 697991
TI  - [Maize and pea silage in the feeding of neoruminant calves].

PMID- 697992
TI  - [Effect of acidosis on the michondrial function of hearts perfused in hypoxia].

PMID- 697993
TI  - [Use of stable tracers in hematology and their analysis by means of x-ray
      fluorescence induced with radioisotopes].

PMID- 697994
TI  - [Influence of placental lactogen (HPL) on carbohydrate metabolism in pregnancy].

PMID- 697995
TI  - [Details concerning the anterior annular ligament of the instep].

PMID- 697996
TI  - [Changes in the rat pancrease induced by prolonged administration of CT 1341].

PMID- 697997
TI  - [Behavior of some hormones in pregnancy and their influence on carbohydrate
      metabolism].

PMID- 697999
TI  - [Transmission of light through the skull in rats of both sexes].

PMID- 697998
TI  - [Effect of cimetidine on gastric secretion in the interdigestive phase and after
      pentagastrin stimulation in patients with dyspepsia].

PMID- 698000
TI  - [Observations on the development of the vitelline arteries].

PMID- 698001
TI  - [Interpretative considerations on the development of the vitelline arteries].

PMID- 698002
TI  - [Ultrastructural studies of the ceruminous glands of the external ear and of some
      wide-lumen sudoriparous glands in humans].

PMID- 698003
TI  - [Hexosokinase of the rat lung].

PMID- 698004
TI  - [Changes in blood prolactin during electroconvulsive therapy].

PMID- 698005
TI  - [Proposed diagnostic index and statistical comparison of serum levels of lactate
      dehydrogenase in cases of carcinoma of the breast and metastases from such
      neoplasms].

PMID- 698006
TI  - [Serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in the follow-up of patients
      mastectomized for carcinoma of the breast].

PMID- 698007
TI  - [Hepatic glutathione content in rats with carbon tetrachloride poisoning].

PMID- 698008
TI  - [A microtest with whole blood for the lymphocyte response in vitro].

PMID- 698009
TI  - [Further data on the ultrastructure of the tunica muscularis of the human renal
      pelvis, pyeloureteral junction and ureter].

PMID- 698010
TI  - [Structural and ultrastructural changes induced in the kidney by exposure to low
      temperatures].

PMID- 698011
TI  - [Administration of caerulein during experimental acute pancreatitis in mice].

PMID- 698012
TI  - [Chromatographic separation of the soluble proteins of the sciatic nerve].

PMID- 698013
TI  - [Histofunctional aspects of the rat thyroid after administration of ethinyl
      estradiol. Preliminary findings].

PMID- 698014
TI  - [Radioisotopic gastric emptying under basal conditions and after
      dihydroergotamine administration of hyposthenic and hyperesthenic dyspepsia.
      Combination with metoclopramide].

PMID- 698015
TI  - [Action of metoclopramide on gastric motility: study with a 99m TcAlb--labeled
      standard meal].

PMID- 698016
TI  - [Evaluation of the use of 99m TcAlb, 99m TcDTPA and 99m TcColl in the study of
      gastrointestinal motility with labeled standard meals].

PMID- 698017
TI  - [Phosphoglucomutase isoenzymes during germination of Pisum sativum L].

PMID- 698018
TI  - [Further studies of alcohol dehydrogenase activity during the aging of seeds].

PMID- 698019
TI  - [Changes in cerebral glycogen content during strychnine convulsions. I. Behavior
      of phosphorylase and phosphoglucomutase with progressively increasing doses of
      the drug].

PMID- 698020
TI  - [Study of reparative DNA synthesis in mouse germ cells after treatment in vivo
      with N-methyl-N-nitrosourea].

PMID- 698021
TI  - [The secretin-caerulein test in functional evaluation of the exocrine pancreas].

PMID- 698022
TI  - [Changes in phasic coronary flow in relation to changes in arterial pressure and
      myocardial inotropism].

PMID- 698023
TI  - [The controversial question of the tangential nucleus: ultrastructural study].

PMID- 698024
TI  - [Ultrastructural aspects of the embryonic ectoderm: the olfactory placode].

PMID- 698025
TI  - [Synthesis and transport of choline acetyltransferase in the somatic motoneuron
      of the chick].

PMID- 698026
TI  - [Theoretical analysis of the tridimensional reconstruction of embryonal
      structures: proposed mathematical method].

PMID- 698027
TI  - Catecholamine sensitivity in hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism.
AB  - 1. Catecholamine sensitivity in hyper- and hypothyroidism has been studied using
      a standardised isoprenaline sensitivity test. 2. Seven patients with
      hyperthyroidism and seven with hypothyroidism were tested both when showing
      evidence of thyroid dysfunction and again when euthyroid. 3. No significant
      differences were seen in heart rate responses to isoprenaline when patients
      became euthyroid compared to their response when either hyperthyroid or
      hypothyroid. 4. These results indicate that sensitivity to catecholamines is not
      altered in thyroid dysfunction and, in particular, that hypersensitivity does not
      occur in spontaneous hyperthyroidism.

PMID- 698029
TI  - The effects of low doses of diazepam on human performance in group administered
      tasks.
AB  - 1. The effects of diazepam in 5 mg dosage were assessed on a range of
      psychological tasks. Seventy-eight healthy subjects were tested in an independent
      groups design; subjects were randomly assigned to either control, placebo or drug
      group. Treatments were administered orally under double blind conditions. 2.
      Auditory vigilance performance was unimpaired, in terms of (a) correct
      detections, (b) false alarms or (c) the subjects' estimates of the duration of
      the task. 3. The short term retention of digit strings was impaired by diazepam
      (P less than 0.05), especially for those digits presented in the middle of the
      sequence. 4. Searching for a few letters among many was significantly impaired by
      diazepam (P less than 0.01). 5. Diaepam had no effect on performance at a mental
      arithmetic task; neither was there a placebo effect. 6. Results were discussed in
      the light of the characteristics of drug sensitive tasks. It was concluded that
      characteristics such as feedback of results, monotony, and memory load are more
      likely to be drug sensitive when in combination than in isolation.

PMID- 698028
TI  - Iotroxamide studies in man--plasma binding, renal and biliary excretion studies
      in jaundiced and anicteric patients.
AB  - 1.A decrease in the plasma binding of iotroxamide was found in jaundiced people.
      2. The decrease in binding was associated with an enhancement in renal excretion.
      3. Iotroxamide consistently gave higher biliary iodine concentrations than
      ioglycamide.

PMID- 698030
TI  - Digoxin compliance in patients from general practice.
AB  - 1. Compliance with digoxin therapy has been assessed in a group of fifty patients
      receiving the drug in general practice but not attending hospital. 2. Compliance
      was estimated by comparing plasma digoxin concentrations before and after a 10
      day period of measured digoxin consumption and by tablet counting. 3. Twelve
      patients had plasma concentrations which increased by more than 0.4 ng/ml during
      monitored intake and eight other patients took less than 80% of their tablets.
      These twenty patients were considered non-compliant. 4. A further three patients
      in whom plasma digoxin levels were zero when first seen but increased
      substantially during the run-in period were also adjudged non-compliant. 5. Non
      compliance with prescribed digoxin dosage occurred, therefore, in 46% of the
      patients studied.

PMID- 698031
TI  - Direct measurement of propranolol bioavailability during accumulation to steady
      state.
AB  - 1. A high performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of
      propranolol in human plasma and blood has been developed and used to confirm that
      cumulation occurred during chronic oral administration, steady-state being
      achieved within 48 h of beginning 80 mg of the drug every 8 h. 2. The method was
      adapted to measure [H3]-propranolol and native drug in the same blood sample and
      was applied to determine simultaneously the disposition of i.v. ([H3]
      propranolol) and orally (non-labelled) administered drug after single oral dose
      of 80 mg and when steady-state had been established on an 80 mg, 8-hourly
      regimen. 3. Using this approach it was possible to show that a reduced oral
      clearance at steady-state was associated with a smaller reduction in systemic
      (i.v.) clearance and no change in liver blood flow. A direct estimate of
      bioavailability was also possible and was found to be increased at steady-state
      compared with a single oral dose. 4. We conclude that the accumulation of
      propranolol during the attainment of steady-state is due to a reduction in
      intrinsic clearance, resulting in reduced presystemic hepatic extraction.

PMID- 698032
TI  - Decline in chlordiazepoxide plasma levels during fixed-dose therapy of alcohol
      withdrawal.

PMID- 698033
TI  - Mexiletine in normal volunteers.

PMID- 698034
TI  - A procedure for monitoring cyclophosphamide and isophosphamide in biological
      samples.

PMID- 698035
TI  - Analysis of synergy between cyclophosphamide therapy and immunity against a mouse
      tumour.
AB  - C3H/He and CBA/T6T6 mice which share the H2(k) haplotype were compared for their
      capacity to survive challenges with the C3H-derived fibrosarcoma BP8. It was
      found:(1) The tumour grows at the same rate with the same median survival time in
      matched groups of non-immunized mice from both strains after i.p. injection of
      tumour cells.(2) Cyclophosphamide (Cyclo) at 10 mg/kg will cure CBA mice which
      have received i.p. injections of 10(7) BP8, but this dose, and more intensive
      treatment with this drug, fails to cure C3H mice.(3) Injecting (125)IUdR-labelled
      tumour cells and counting (125)I loss by whole-mouse counting shows that the
      cytotoxic effect of Cyclo against BP8 is similar in the 2 mouse strains.(4) Cyclo
      itself does not cure CBA mice, for viable tumour cells are recoverable from the
      peritoneal cavity 10 days after CBA mice have received 10(7) BP8 followed by 10
      mg/kg Cyclo.(5) CBA mice cured of BP8 ascites by Cyclo treatment will reject
      further i.p. inocula of BP8.(6) The strength of immunity induced by irradiated
      BP8 cells was directly related to the length of exposure to this antigen. An
      important aspect of Cyclo treatment is that it prolongs the period during which
      immunity may develop.(7) Immunization of CBA mice with heavily irradiated BP8,
      with or without Cyclo, failed to show that Cyclo depressed the capacity of CBA
      mice to develop cytotoxic immunity. There was some indication that animals
      immunized with irradiated cells plus drug did better than those with irradiated
      cells alone.(8) A single injection of irradiated BP8 cells into CBA mice induced
      weak cytotoxic immunity, as assessed by destruction of a subsequent challenge
      with BP8, but these mice died from tumour more rapidly than non-immunized
      controls. It is suggested from these data that immunological enhancement may not
      always be due to blocking of cytotoxic immunity.

PMID- 698036
TI  - Failure of preoperative C. parvum vaccine to modify secondary disease following
      excision of two non-immunogenic murine carcinomas.
AB  - Sadler and Castro (1976) reported that a single dose of C. parvum vaccine given
      i.p. or i.v. to mice 4 days before excision of subcutaneous transplants of Lewis
      lung carcinoma significantly reduced the incidence of lung metastases in the
      operated mice. In similarly designed experiments, using 2 different carcinomas of
      spontaneous origin in our own inbred mouse colonies, we were unable to
      demonstrate any influence of C. parvum vaccine on the incidence or latent period
      of secondary disease in operated mice. We discuss possible reasons for our
      failure to reproduce the findings of Sadler and Castro.

PMID- 698037
TI  - Biphasic change of proton magnetic relaxation times during azo-dye
      hepatocarcinogenesis.
AB  - For the first time, change in the proton longitudinal relaxation times (T1) of
      rat tissues has been examined throughout the whole process of azo-dye
      hepatocarcinogenesis. Two maxima of the T1 values were observed for liver, on Day
      60 and after Day 120, and these changes correlated well with the changes in water
      content. The first peak was ascribed to the immature hepatocytes of hyperplastic
      nodules, and the second peak to the developed hepatoma cells. The significance of
      the change in T1 values as a preneoplastic change is discussed.

PMID- 698038
TI  - Thyroid tumours in rats and hepatomas in mice after griseofulvin treatment.
AB  - Griseofulvin, an antibiotic used to treat dermatophystosis, was tested for
      carcinogenicity in mice, rats and hamsters. Three groups of mice and rats were
      given the drug in powdered diet in alternating 5-week periods for life, at dose
      levels of 3.0%, 1.5% and 0.3% (mice) and 2.0%, 1.0% and 0.2% (rats). A group of
      mice and 3 groups of hamsters received continuous daily treatment for life with
      griseofulvin at 3.0%, 1.5%, 0.3% and 0.1% dose levels respectively. A significant
      incidence of hepatic tumours was observed at the 2 higher treatment levels in
      mice. Also, statistically significant rates (P less than or equal to 0.001 and/or
      P less than or equal to 0.020) of thyroid tumours, indicating a dose-response,
      were recorded in male rats at the 2.0%, 1.0%, and 0.2% dose levels, and in
      females at the 2.0% and 1.0% dose levels. Hamsters did not develop neoplasms in
      response to treatment at any level.

PMID- 698039
TI  - Effect of glycerol on local and systemic carcinogenicity of topically applied
      tobacco condensate.
AB  - When glycerol was added to tobacco smoke condensate in acetone solvent, the
      topical carcinogenicity and the ability to produce epithelial hyperplasia in mice
      was reduced. Two doses of condensate were applied, combined with 2 concentrations
      of added glycerol. Age-standardized results show that glycerol reduced the
      incidence of tumours and malignant tumours and of hyperplasia in animals not
      developing skin tumours. The relative incidences of malignant tumours, benign
      tumours, hyperplasia and unaffected skin suggest that there is a sequential
      relationship (i.e. normal skin to hyperplasia to benign neoplasia to malignant
      neoplasia) which is impeded by glycerol. There was no systemic effect
      attributable to the condensate.

PMID- 698040
TI  - Effects of insulin, human placental lactogen and human growth hormone of DNA
      synthesis in organ cultures of benign human breast tumours.
AB  - Nineteen benign human breast tumours, from 19 premenopausal patients, were
      processed into slices and each tumour was individually cultured for 2 days in
      Medium 199. The effects of bovine insulin (5.0 microgram/ml) human placental
      lactogen (10.0 microgram/ml) and human growth hormone (10.0 microgram/ml) on 3H
      thymidine incorporation into DNA were determined on the cultured tumour slices.
      Insulin and human placental lactogen significantly (P less than 0.01) increased
      the mean incorporation of [3H]TdR into DNA, whereas human growth hormone was
      ineffective. These results provide evidence that insulin and human placental
      lactogen, but not human growth hormone, may be important factors in the aetiology
      of benign human breast tumours.

PMID- 698041
TI  - Growth of human gliomas in immune-deficient mice: a possible model for pre
      clinical therapy studies.
AB  - Thirteen gliomas from 55 neurosurgical specimens, derived from 25 adults and 30
      children, have been successfully grown as subcutaneous xenografts in immune
      deprived or nude mice. Only 2 of the 30 paediatric specimens implanted (6.7%), a
      medulloblastoma and an astrocytoma Grade III, have grown compared with 11 of the
      25 adult specimen (44%) which were mostly astrocytomas Grade III. Tumour growth
      usually occurred several months after implantation, and karyotypic analysis
      confirmed their human origin in all cases. The histopathology of xenografted
      tumours correlated with the original surgical material, both after initial
      implantation and when tumours had been passaged several times. Observations on
      tumour growth in various types of immune-deprived mice indicated that, within
      certain limits, the immunological competence of the host mouse did not relate to
      take rates of primary implants, but could affect the take rate of passaged
      tumours.

PMID- 698042
TI  - Neoplasia and dysplasia of the cervix uteri and contraception: a possible
      protective effect of the diaphragm.
AB  - Among the 17,032 women included in the Oxford-Family Planning Association
      contraceptive study, 65 developed biopsy proven cervical neoplasia (including
      dysplasia) prior to 1 September 1977. The incidence rate in diaphragm users (0.17
      per 1000 woman-years of observation) was much lower than the rates in oral
      contraceptive users or intrauterine device users (0.95 and 0.87 respectively).
      This difference could not be explained in terms of confounding variables, nor was
      it attributable to a lower frequency of cervical smearing among diaphragm users
      within the clinics. Detailed information about age at first intercourse, numbers
      of sexual partners and the frequency of cervical smearing outside the clinics was
      obtained from 52 of the women with cervical neoplasia and 139 matched controls.
      Diaphragm users were less likely to have had coitus at an early age and had had
      materially fewer sexual partners than users of the other two methods of
      contraception. After adjusting for the effects of these variables, however, the
      risk of cervical neoplasia in diaphragm users was still only about one quarter
      that in the users of the other methods. Patterns of smearing varied little
      between users of the various contraceptive methods. Smoking emerged as a major
      "risk factor" for cervical neoplasia in this study. This probably implies that
      the smoking habit reflects some important aspect of sexual behaviour relevant to
      the production of the disease that we have been unable to measure.

PMID- 698043
TI  - Serum ribonuclease activity in cancer patients.
AB  - A study was made of the levels of ribonuclease (RNase) in human serum, using 2
      independently collected banks of samples from Scripps Clinic and Research
      Foundation and the Mayo Clinic, each bank representing more than 100 individuals.
      These serum samples originated from a cross-section of normal individuals,
      smokers, patients with benign tumours, and patients with a variety of neoplasms.
      Elevated levels of serum RNase occurred in 68% of the samples from individuals
      with malignant disease. Elevated levels also occurred in 24% of the samples from
      individuals with benign tumours and in 38% of the smoker controls from the Mayo
      Clinic serum bank. Using ion-exchange chromatography, pooled sera from normal
      individuals and cancer patients were fractionated by differential salt elution.
      Each pool showed 2 distinct peaks of RNase activity, and both peaks were elevated
      to the same degree in the cancer serum pools. Similar results were obtained after
      thin-layer-gel isoelectric focusing of both normal and cancer sera; no new
      species of RNase could be detected in the sera of patients with malignant
      diseases. The results suggested a generalized nonspecific increase in serum RNase
      in these patients.

PMID- 698044
TI  - Mechanism of impaired glucose tolerance in patients with neoplasia.
AB  - The disappearance rate (k) of i.v. glucose was measured in cachectic and non
      cachectic cancer patients and tumour-free controls. The respective k values were
      found to be 1.06 +/- 0.27 (mean +/- s.d.), 1.64 +/- 0.34 and 1.63 +/- 0.23. Of
      the other parameters measured, only plasma albumin level was found to vary
      significantly amongst the 3 categories, the mean level being the lowest in
      cachectic cancer patients. The means of total plasma protein, fasting blood
      glucose and plasma liver enzyme concentrations were similar in the 3 groups.
      Glucagon, a potent insulin secretogogue, failed to augment the fasting insulin
      level in cachectic but did so in non-cachectic cancer patients. Taken together,
      the findings suggest that the reduced glucose tolerance in patients with
      neoplasia is due to impairment of insulin release exhibited predominantly by ill
      nourished advanced cancer patients having a moderate to sever degree of
      hypoalbuminemia.

PMID- 698045
TI  - Lodgement and extravasation of tumour cells in blood-borne metastasis: an
      electron microscope study.
AB  - Soon after i.v. injection of ascites hepatoma cells of rat, 3 types of tumour
      cell emboli were found in arterioles and capillaries of the lung. The first type
      had marked aggregation of platelets and deposition of fibrin. Many were seen when
      tumour cells with high thromboplastic activity (AH 130) were injected, and were
      often followed by detachment and fragmentation of endothelial cells. The second
      type had loosely aggregated platelets and the third type had no aggregation of
      platelets or deposition of fibrin. The latter 2 types were mainly seen when the
      tumour cells with low thromboplastic activity [AH 130 F(N)] were injected, and
      they did not accompany severe structural changes of the endothelial cells. Tumour
      cell-platelet complexes appeared to be induced by tissue thromboplastin released
      from tumour cells rather than from the endothelial cells. One to 6 h after
      injection of AH 130, tumour cells were found beneath the endothelial cells
      detached from the basement membrane in areas with microthrombi. Breaching of the
      endothelial cells with the processes of tumour cells was also seen then.
      Intrusion of the processes of tumour cells into the endothelial cells was noted
      in groups injected with either AH 130 or AH 130 F(N), but not in the junctions of
      the endothelial cells. Metastatic foci 3 days after the injection of AH 130 were
      more frequent than in the rats injected with AH 130 F(N). These results indicate
      that thromboplastic activity of tumour cells might be important in forming
      microthrombi in the lodgement phase and might be one of the factors facilitating
      blood-borne metastasis.

PMID- 698046
TI  - Tumour-necrosis factor from the rabbit. I. Mode of action, specificity and
      physicochemical properties.
AB  - Sera from rabbits injected with BCG and then with endotoxin contain a factor
      (tumour-necrosis factor TNF) which, even at high dilutions, is cytotoxic in vitro
      for mouse L cells and some other cell lines. Using a 51Cr-release assay,
      cytotoxicity was detected as early as 7-8 h after addition of TNF serum to L
      cells and cell death was evident microscopically by 24 h. TNF was cytotoxic at 37
      degrees C but not at 21 degrees C or 4 degrees C, and acted on both dividing and
      non-dividing cells. The antimetabolites sodium azide and dinitrophenol partially
      protected L cells from TNF, suggesting that actively metabolizing cells are the
      most sensitive. Treatment of L cells with trypsin did not delay cytotoxicity nor
      was cytotoxicity inhibited in the presence of various saccharide derivatives of
      cell-surface glycoproteins. Rabbit TNF was remarkably stable with a mol. wt. of
      40-50,000. It was eluted with the more acidic serum proteins on ion-exchange
      chromatography, but precipitated in 50%-saturated ammonium sulphate. Sensitivity
      to TNF could not be correlated with tumourigenicity of several animal and human
      lines tested nor with the production of C-type viruses.

PMID- 698047
TI  - Tumour-necrosis factor from the rabbit. II. Production by monocytes.
AB  - Mononuclear cells from normal rabbit blood were cytotoxic to a number of cell
      lines in vitro. The cytotoxic cells were contained in the monocyte-enriched
      fraction adherent to plastic. Supernatants of the monocyte-enriched fraction had
      the same cytotoxic specificity as the parent cells. The cytotoxic factor
      precipitated in 50% saturated ammonium sulphate solution and on gel filtration
      was heterogeneous with a mol.-wt. range of 30--50,000 u. On the basis of
      specificity and molecular characteristics, this cytotoxic factor closely
      resembles rabbit tumour-necrosis factor (TNF) suggesting that TNF or a closely
      related factor is a normal product of mononuclear phagocytes.

PMID- 698048
TI  - Effect of phenobarbital on plasma levels of cyclophosphamide and its metabolites
      in the mouse.
AB  - We have studied the quantitative pharmacokinetic differences of individual
      metabolites and unchanged cyclophosphamide (CPA) in control and phenobarbital
      treated animals, using radiolabelled CPA together with thin-layer chromatography.
      On Day 0, one group was started on phenobarbital drinking water and one group
      stayed on regular acid water. P388 leukaemia, (10(6) cells i.p.) was administered
      to all mice on Day 8, and 2 days later both groups of mice were given i.p. CPA
      (200 mg/kg) with 14C-CPA (0.2 muCi per mouse). At 5--60 min after CPA
      administration, groups of 10 mice were killed and their blood collected for assay
      of parent compound and metabolites in plasma. Phenobarbital pretreatment reduced
      CPA and phosphoramide mustard CXT (concentration x time) by 66+% and 27+%,
      respectively. Assuming that phosphoramide mustard is both the ultimate cytotoxic
      form of CPA and the blood-transport form, the reduction of CPA by phenobarbital
      would predict a decreased therapeutic effect. The assay methods in this study
      will be used in the future to determine the importance of this potential drug
      interaction in man.

PMID- 698049
TI  - Metal chelates as anti-cancer agents. II cytotoxic action of palladium and
      platinum complexes of 6-mercaptopurine and thioguanine.
AB  - The metal complexes Pd(MP)2.2H2O, Pt(MP)2H2O (MPH=6-mercaptopurine), Pt(AMP2.3H2O
      and Pd3(AMP)4Cl2(AMPH).4H2O (AMPH=thioguanine) have been isolated. They were
      screened for anti-tumour activity in the L-1210 lymphoid leukaemia test system in
      mice. All 4 show marked anti-tumour activity, the complex Pt(AMP)2.3H2O giving a
      T/C of 185 at the optimum dosage. However, the anti-tumour activity of the metal
      complexes is somewhat less than that shown by the parent purines under the same
      conditions.

PMID- 698051
TI  - Lymphocyte response to antigen stimulation as measured by fluorescence
      polarization (SCM test).

PMID- 698050
TI  - Appraisal of fluorimetric assay of aryl hydrocarbon (benzo(alpha)pyrene)
      hydroxylase in cultured human lymphocytes.

PMID- 698052
TI  - Spontaneous tumours in BDX rats.

PMID- 698053
TI  - High-altitude acclimatization and proteinuria in East Africa.
AB  - Seven climbers spent 6 weeks in the East African mountains, at heights of up to
      5890 m. The mean protein urine concentration in morning specimens was over 100
      mg/100 ml after climbs during the first 12 days but fell to 15 mg/100 ml during
      subsequent climbs. The highest concentrations (100-300 mg/100 ml) were in 5
      climbers with peripheral oedema, 3 with obvious high-altitude illness. The
      findings implicate the kidney in high altitude acclimatization and illness.

PMID- 698054
TI  - Aspiration needle biopsy for solitary, peripheral lung lesions: a review of 50
      examinations.
AB  - Percutaneous aspiration needle biopsy forms a simple method of obtaining
      histological material from solitary peripheral lung lesions. A new method for
      separating and preparing the material for histological examination is described.
      The results in 50 cases are recorded with a positive diagnosis in 46. The number
      of symptomatic complications with this technique is low. The clinical place of
      the biopsy in management is discussed.

PMID- 698055
TI  - The association of adenocarcinoma of the lung and blastomycosis from an unusual
      geographical location.
AB  - A case of North American blastomycosis acquired outside the American continent
      and presenting with a left hilar mass is reported. The progressive hilar
      enlargement, despite adequate antifungal treatment, raised the possibility of
      drug resistance, concomitant tuberculosis and carcinoma. Non-invasive diagnostic
      studies including cultures, cytology and fibreoptic bronchoscopy were negative.
      On thoracotomy, both blastomy cosis and a poorly undifferentiated adenocarcinoma
      were evident.

PMID- 698056
TI  - Pyoderma gangrenosum-clinical and investigative findings in 15 patients
      [proceedings].

PMID- 698057
TI  - Eosinophilic cellulitis-persistent cutaneous swelling with phagocytosis of
      eosinophilic debris [proceedings].

PMID- 698058
TI  - Nodular prurigo-a clinical, biochemical and histological study [proceedings].

PMID- 698059
TI  - Hereditary hypotrichosis: a previously undescribed variant [proceedings].

PMID- 698060
TI  - Trachyonychia (rough nails) [proceedings].

PMID- 698061
TI  - A study of IgE and RAST levels in patients with chronic atopic dermatitis
      [proceedings].

PMID- 698062
TI  - Prognosis in cutaneous lupus erythematosus [proceedings].

PMID- 698063
TI  - Psychiatric aspects of dermatitis artefacta [proceedings].

PMID- 698064
TI  - Effect of dicarboxylic acids on normal human melanocytes in culture
      [proceedings].

PMID- 698065
TI  - Freckles induced by PUVA treatment [proceedings].

PMID- 698066
TI  - The in vivo effect of UVB radiation on lymphocyte function [proceedings].

PMID- 698067
TI  - The dry skin associated with atopic eczema [proceedings].

PMID- 698068
TI  - Superficial fatty naevus.

PMID- 698069
TI  - Ichthyosis hystrix.

PMID- 698070
TI  - Acquired ichthyosis and unclassified lymphoma.

PMID- 698071
TI  - Telangiectasia macularis perstans.

PMID- 698072
TI  - Dyskeratosis congenita.

PMID- 698073
TI  - Dyskeratosis congenita.

PMID- 698074
TI  - Maffucci's syndrome.

PMID- 698075
TI  - Pemphigus foliaceus associated with S.L.E.

PMID- 698076
TI  - Systemic lupus erythematosus with butterfly rash.

PMID- 698077
TI  - Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis.

PMID- 698078
TI  - R.E.M. syndrome.

PMID- 698079
TI  - Familial angio-oedema--C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency.

PMID- 698080
TI  - Angio-oedema--? acquired C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency.

PMID- 698081
TI  - Acquired C1 esterase deficiency with cold agglutinin disease associated with
      monoclonal IgM antibodies.

PMID- 698082
TI  - Spasticity and vascular lesions.

PMID- 698083
TI  - Spasticity and vascular lesions.

PMID- 698084
TI  - Congenital hypotrichosis--for diagnosis.

PMID- 698085
TI  - Psoriasis with terminal phalangeal osteolysis.

PMID- 698086
TI  - Vinyl chloride disease.

PMID- 698087
TI  - Partial lipodystrophy.

PMID- 698088
TI  - Partial lipodystrophy and glomerulonephritis.

PMID- 698089
TI  - Dermatitis herpetiformis.

PMID- 698090
TI  - Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita and Crohn's disease.

PMID- 698091
TI  - Sarcoid of nose with collapse of nasal cartilage.

PMID- 698092
TI  - Keratis pilaris atrophicans.

PMID- 698093
TI  - Collodion baby: ichthyosiform erythroderma.

PMID- 698094
TI  - Pemphigus vulgaris.

PMID- 698095
TI  - Xeroderma pigmentosum--a unique variant with neurological involvement.

PMID- 698096
TI  - Disseminated superficial actinic porokeratosis (DSAP).

PMID- 698097
TI  - Porokeratosis of Mibelli.

PMID- 698098
TI  - Cryoglobulinaemia.

PMID- 698099
TI  - Poikiloderma congenitale (Thomson-Rothmund syndrome).

PMID- 698100
TI  - Cold urticaria vasculitis [proceedings].

PMID- 698101
TI  - The pathogenesis of miliaria rubra. Role of the resident microflora.
AB  - Anhidrosis was induced in volunteers by covering the skin with an impermeable
      plastic film. The degree of sweat suppression and miliaria after a thermal
      stimulus was directly proportional to the increase in the density of resident
      aerobic bacteria, notably cocci. No anhidrosis resulted when antibacterial
      substances were used to prevent the expansion of the microflora. Histological
      study showed a PAS-positive diastase resistant amorphous mass deep within the
      acrosyringium after 2 days of occlusion, accompanied by a periductal dermal
      infiltration of leukocytes. After another 2 days the duct became clogged by an
      amalgam of degenerating leukocytes. This impaction sloughed after about 3 weeks
      as a result of epidermal renewal. Colonies of bacteria were never found within
      the ducts. It is postulated that cocci secrete a toxin which injures luminal
      cells and precipitates a cast within the lumen. Infiltration by leukocytes
      creates an impaction which completely obstructs the passage of sweat for several
      weeks.

PMID- 698102
TI  - Epidermal differentiation in normal and growth-retarded infants: studies in two
      animal models and in human babies.
AB  - The influence of prenatal growth retardation on epidermal growth and
      keratinization was studied in small-for-dates human babies, runt piglets and in
      rat fetuses subject to maternal protein deprivation. In the human babies and rat
      fetuses growth retardation was associated with reduced epidermal growth but
      normal patterns of differentiation were present. Thus, epidermal thickness was
      less and keratinizing zones narrower than seen in normal weight individuals. In
      the runt (small-for-dates) piglet, epidermal development differed from that seen
      in normal weight piglets of the same gestational age and from that seen in the
      human and rat. The epidermis was thicker with a negligible stratum granulosum and
      with the stratum corneum containing nucleated cells, a condition resembling
      'parakeratosis'. This pattern was less often seen in normal weight piglets.
      Differences between the skins of the three speecies studied at a perinatal stage
      may be related to clear dissimilarities which exist in the tissues later.
      Parakeratosis as a transitory phase in the development of pig skin is probably
      related to a higher rate of epidermal keratinization in this species than occurs
      in either human babies or rat fetuses.

PMID- 698103
TI  - Physical and chemical properties of skin in habitually trained and sedentary men.
AB  - A number of physical and chemical properties of skin were examined in a study of
      29 habitually trained and 29 sedentary men. Compared to the control group, the
      trained subjects had significantly higher values in the weights of skin samples
      of equal surface areas as well as the contents of hydroxyproline and nitrogen per
      skin surface area. When measured by a diaphragm method in vivo, the 'elastic
      stiffness' (uncorrected for thickness) and 'elastic efficiency' (the recovery of
      the deformation energy) of skin were significantly higher in the trained men
      compared to those in the untrained men. The results suggest that skin reflects
      the adaptation to habitual endurance training by increasing its mass and
      strengthening its structure. The study did not, however, reveal any differences
      between physically active and sedentary men in changes due to biological ageing.

PMID- 698104
TI  - Pigmented penile papules with carcinoma in situ changes.
AB  - Benign appearing, multifocal, pigmented penile papules were found in three
      patients, showing the histopathological and electron microscopic changes of
      carcinoma in situ. Their clinical appearance, relation to other carcinoma in situ
      lesions, as well as possible pathogenesis are discussed.

PMID- 698105
TI  - Allergic contact dermatitis due to sesquiterpene lactones. A comparative study of
      human and animal sensitivity to alpha-methylene-gamma-butyrolactone and
      derivatives.
AB  - Several compounds containing the alpha-methylene-gamma-butyrolactone moiety have
      been tested on human volunteers and on guinea-pigs; the animals were
      experimentally sensitized by alantolactone, isoalantolactone and laurel oil. Of
      the two new lactones, spirolactone was the more reactive: this was confirmed by
      both animal and human testing. The synthetic lactones are less reactive than
      natural ones. alpha-Methylene-gamma-butyrolactone itself does not elicit cross
      reactions in guinea pigs sensitive either to alantolactone or to
      isoalantolactone, or in patients sensitive to sesquiterpene lactones. The alpha
      methylene-gamma-butyrolactone group is necessary for cross-reaction, but to be
      active, it has first to be substituted. It was also found that isoalantolactone,
      allegedly not allergenic, is in fact a sensitizer and cross-reacts with
      alantolactone. The cross-reaction between laurel and Frullania, found in man,
      also occurs in guinea-pigs. It is more evident when sesquiterpene lactone is the
      sensitizer and laurel used to elicit reaction.

PMID- 698106
TI  - Efflorescence of new warts: a sign of onset of involution in flat warts.
AB  - The sudden eruption of large numbers of tiny new warts in a patient with multiple
      flat warts often signals the onset of involution and subsequent regression of all
      flat warts. We have observed 5 such cases and, in this report, describe 2 cases
      in which the sudden efflorescence of many new warts was used as a sign to predict
      accurately the onset of involution and subsequent regression of all flat warts.
      Correlation of the histopathological and clinical findings provides an
      explanation for this phenomenon.

PMID- 698107
TI  - Lymphocyte transformation in patients with cobalt dermatitis.
AB  - A lymhocyte transformation test with cobalt chloride was performed in 14 patients
      who had positive cobalt patch tests and eczema compatible with a cobalt induced
      contact dermatitis and in 9 controls. Eight of the patients had strongly positive
      patch tests, while 6 had weakly positive patch tests. Patients and controls
      showed equivalent responses to the mitogens, phytohaemagglutinin, pokeweed
      mitogen, and concanavalin A, as well as to the recall antigens, purified protein
      derivative and Candida albicans. A 1:5000 dilution in RPMI-1640 medium of a 1%
      aqueous solution of cobalt chloride proved optimal in distinguishing patients
      from controls. With this dilution, a significantly higher lymphocyte
      transformation was found in patients with strongly positive cobalt patch tests
      than in the controls. No significant difference was detected when the results for
      patients with weakly positive patch tests were compared with those of the
      controls.

PMID- 698108
TI  - The effect of topical isoprenaline on psoriatic skin.
AB  - Twelve patients with psoriasis were treated by the topical application of 0.1%
      isoprenaline sulphate ointment for 10 days. Topical white vaseline was used as a
      control in three patients with psoriasis. The mean glycogen level was found to be
      decreased significantly (from 120 +/- s.d. 40 to 58 +/- s.d. 26 mg/100 g of wet
      weight of involved skin) after topical application of 0.1 isoprenaline sulphate
      and the scaling also disappeared. Topical application of white vaseline did not
      produce any significant change in glycogen levels or scaling. The changes after
      isoprenaline application may have been due to an increase in the ratio of cyclic
      AMP/cyclic GMP which inhibited cell turnover and increased glycogenolysis.

PMID- 698109
TI  - Malignant pyoderma.
AB  - A patient is described who developed multiple areas of inflammatory pyoderma on
      the face, leading to extensive ulceration. Repeated investigations failed to
      demonstrate any specific bacteria or fungus responsible and trials of treatment
      with various antibiotics proved unsuccessful. Histology revealed a granulomatous
      abscess-like lesion, and the condition resembled what has been described as
      malignant pyoderma. The patient was successfully treated with oral dapsone and
      intralesional steroids.

PMID- 698110
TI  - Combined therapy with oral retinoid and PUVA baths in severe psoriasis.

PMID- 698111
TI  - Vitiligo as a Kobner phenomenon.

PMID- 698112
TI  - Chromosomes in acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia. First International Workshop on
      Chromosomes in Leukaemia.

PMID- 698113
TI  - Auto analyzer determination of red cell Kell phenotypes in patients with chronic
      granulomatous disease (CGD) and heterozygous carriers.
AB  - One of six boys chronic granulomatous disease was shown to have the rare Kell
      phenotype, McLeod, by both manual and Auto Analyzer techniques. Using the Auto
      Analyzer, the red cells of this boy's mother were clearly shown to have weaker
      expression of k and Kpb antigens than those of the controls, whereas the Kell
      groups on the father's red cells appeared normal.

PMID- 698114
TI  - Unmasking covert folate deficiency in iron--deficient subjects with neutrophil
      hypersegmentation: dU suppression tests on lymphocytes and bone marrow.

PMID- 698115
TI  - A unique thalassaemic syndrome: homozygous alpha-thalassaemia + homozygous beta
      thalassaemia.
AB  - The disturbed balance of globin chain synthesis is a major factor in the
      pathophysiology of the thalassaemic disorders; this concept is strongly supported
      by the study of a patient displaying an extreme but symmetrical deficit of both
      major types of chains alpha and beta. The patient had a mild clinical picture but
      presented a striking hypochromia (MCH 10 pg) with compensatory erythrocytosis
      (RBC 10(12)/l.). Study of the propositus and his family by haematological,
      biochemical and biosynthetic techniques indicates that the patient carries two
      alpha- and two beta-thalassaemia genes resulting in balanced globin chain
      synthesis; in addition, several members of the family carry two or three abnormal
      genes. During observation a change in the haematological pattern occurred with a
      shift towards more intensive beta-chain and away from gamma-chaim synthesis; this
      appeared with be associated with improvement of his anaemia through more
      effective erythropoiesis.

PMID- 698116
TI  - Abnormal membrane lipid--related properties during maturation of reticulocytes
      from severely anaemic rats as measured by partition in two-polymer aqueous
      phases.

PMID- 698117
TI  - In vivo and in vitro variations of human erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase
      activity as result of cells ageing, selenium availability and peroxide
      activation.
AB  - Cases showing erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) defects have been
      previously described. Our experiments demonstrate that a number of non genetic
      factors may influence the GSH-Px activity in human erythrocytes. Selenium
      administration in vivo was followed in four subjects by elevation in erythrocyte
      GSH-Px activity ranging from 30% to 1400%. Selenium operates mainly in the bone
      marrow erythroblasts by facilitating the synthesis of active GSH-Px molecules;
      experiments in vivo demonstrate that, in the youngest erythrocytes, selenium can
      raise the enzyme activity, but by a different mechanism. The reticulocyte GSH-Px
      activity appears to depend on selenium availability and may vary over a wide
      range. In some normal and iron deficient subjects the GSH-Px activity in the
      youngest erythrocyte fraction was equal or lower than that previously found in
      whole erythrocytes of patients affected by haemolytic anaemia. During erythrocyte
      life, GSH-Px activity may either diminish  or increase, and these variations are
      inversely related to the initial GSH-Px activity  in youngest cells. In vitro
      experiments with the addition of acetyl-phynyl-hydrazine strongly suggest that
      elevation of GSH-Px activity may be due to allosteric enzyme activation by
      activated oxygen.

PMID- 698118
TI  - Estimation of ferrokinetic parameters by a mathematical model in patients with
      primary acquired sideroblastic anaemia.
AB  - Ferrokinetic parameters were estimated in eight patients with primary acquired
      sideroblastic anaemia (PASA) by means of a mathematical model of iron kinetics.
      Both plasma 59Fe clearance and red cell utilization curves were used to identify
      the model parameters. The close agreement between experimental and theoretical
      data proved that the model can describe iron kinetics in sideroblastic anaemia.
      Ineffective erythropoiesis was found to be major factor in the production of the
      anaemia. Various degrees and patterns of peripheral haemolysis were observed. The
      storage iron was always markedly increased and a large non-erythroid iron
      turnover was calculated in the most severely affected patients. The results are
      compared with present knowledge of erythropoiesis in PASA.

PMID- 698119
TI  - Destruction of IgG-sensitized erythrocytes by human blood monocytes: modulation
      of inhibition by IgG.
AB  - The in vitro interaction between monocytes and erythrocytes sensitized with non
      complement binding IgG antibodies (i.e. the Rh antibody anti-D:EAIgG anti-D) is
      completely inhibited by low concentrations of IgG (E.G. 30--100 microgram/ml).
      However, the interaction between monocytes and erythrocytes sensitized with IgG
      anti-A (EAIgG anti-A) is not inhibited by IgG. The findings presented in this
      paper indicate that this difference is probably due to the difference in the
      number of IgG antibody molecules per EAIgG. Thus, the higher the number of IgG
      antibody molecules per EAIgG, the less the interaction between EAIgG and
      monocytes is inhibited by IgG. A second factor which proved to have a strong
      influence on inhibition by IgG was the number of EAIgG per monocyte. When the
      number of EAIgG per monocyte was increased from 1 to 32, the percentage of
      inhibition by a fixed amount of IgG (50 microgram/ml) decreased significantly.
      This in vitro effect is only evident when relatively weakly sensitized
      erythrocytes are used and, in vivo, destruction of these weakly sensitized red
      cells (e.g. EAIgG anti-D) is confined to the spleen. Since a considerable
      haemoconcentration occurs in this organ, it is conceivable that a high
      EAIgG:macrophage ratio is accomplished. The latter data are an indication that
      this high ratio may allow interaction between weakly sensitized erythrocytes and
      splenic macrophages despite the presence, in vivo, of a high concentration of
      IgG, and that, in this way, in the spleen, the inhibitory effect of IgG is
      overcome.

PMID- 698120
TI  - Erythropoiesis and mean red-cell lifespan in normal subjects and in patients with
      the anaemia of active rheumatoid arthritis.
AB  - Recently developed ferrokinetic methods offer a tool to measure effective and
      ineffective erythropoiesis and mean red-cell lifespan (Ricketts et al, 1975). We
      have used this tool to investigate erythropoiesis in normal subjects and in
      patients with the anaemia of active rheumatoid arthritis. In normal subjects the
      results are comparable with the results published by Cavill et al (1977). In
      patients with the anemia of active rheumatoid arthritis there appears to be a
      total and an effective red-cell production as in the normal subjects. The
      ineffective erythropoiesis in the patients is increased and the produced red
      cells have a shortened mean lifespan in the circulation. The increased
      ineffective erythropoiesis is probably due to inadequate supply of iron to the
      marrow and the shortened mean red-cell lifespan to an extra-corpuscular
      haemolytic factor. The impaired marrow response to the anaemia of active
      rheumatoid arthritis has been confirmed.

PMID- 698121
TI  - An immunoradiometric assay for factor III (tissue thromboplastin).
AB  - A solid-phase immunoradiometric assay for tissue thromboplastin (factor III) has
      been established based on its displacing effect on the binding of 125I-labelled
      factor III-antibodies to polyvinyl tubes coated with the purified protein
      component of factor III (apoprotein III). By this method circulating tissue
      thromboplastin can be detected in experimental animals receiving infusions of
      crude or purified tissue thromboplastin and in patients undergoing major
      orthopaedic surgery.

PMID- 698122
TI  - Heterogeneity of rabbit platelets. VI. Further resolution of changes in platelet
      density, volume, and radioactivity following cohort labelling with 75Se
      selenomethione.
AB  - Rabbits were injected intravenously with a cohort platelet label, 75Se
      selenomethionine  Platelet-rich plasma was separated into five different platelet
      density fractions on each of seven days by repetitively centrifuging the same
      sample of platelet-rich plasma at increasing gravitational force. The heaviest
      platelet sediment fraction was enriched with smaller platelets. Incorporation of
      isotope into the heaviest platelet fraction was considerably greater than
      incorporation into the highest platelet fraction, i.e. heavy--light specific
      activity ratio was 9.63, on day 1. The ratio of the heaviest platelet fraction
      specific activity to the specific activities of the platelets sedimented at
      higher g forces (lighter-smaller platelets), generally decreased on each day for
      4--6 d by a factor of 2.8--7.0-fold. Whereas incorporation of isotope into the
      heaviest platelet fraction declined on days 3--4, incorporation into the lightest
      three fractions remained the same. Cohort platelet survival curves revealed a
      significant lag period of 1--2 d for the incorporation of isotope into the
      lightest three platelet fractions compared to the heaviest two platelet
      fractions. The mean platelet survival of the lightest two fractions was
      significantly shorter than the mean platelet survival of the heaviest three
      fractions. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the platelet cell sap of the
      five platelet fractions generally revealed 10 prominent protein bands for the
      heaviest platelet fractions. The lightest platelet fraction, which comprised 16%
      of the harvested platelet population, had six absent to markedly diminished
      platelet proteins of modecular weights between 142 000 and 46 000 daltons. The
      data are compatible with two models: (1) Heavy-large platelets are, on average,
      young platelets which become lighter-smaller platelets while losing platelet
      membrane and cell sap components with time. (2) Heavy-large platelets and light
      small platelets are produced independently by specific megakarocytes. The heavy
      large platelets incorporate more isotope than lighter-smaller platelets (possibly
      because of their megakarocyte precursor). However, they are released earlier into
      the circulation than lighter-smaller platelets and are therefore younger
      platelets.

PMID- 698123
TI  - Mutant mouse L-cells: a model for megaloblastic anaemia.
AB  - When temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant lines of mouse L-cells, ts AIS9 and ts CI,
      are shifted from 34C to 38.5C, a rapid inhibition of DNA synthesis and mitosis
      occurs. During this phase, cell and nuclear growth continues and results in a
      substantial increase in cell and nuclear volume. Such cellular modifications are
      also associated with a marked dispersal of the condensed chromatin masses of
      interphase nuclei, so that after 48-72 h of incubation at 38.5C, nuclear profiles
      of both ts cell lines bear a striking resemblance to the nuclear features
      characteristic of megaloblastic anaemia. Despite these marked alterations in
      nuclear chromatin organization, morphometric analysis indicates that the volume
      of condensed chromatin does not decrease. Current biochemical, cytological and
      morphometric data on the two ts lines of mutant mouse L-cells during expression
      of the mutation, suggest that they might provide a useful model to further
      elucidate cytological features of megaloblastic anaemia.

PMID- 698124
TI  - The control of hepatic iron uptake: correlation with transferring synthesis.
AB  - The control of hepatic iron uptake was studied in the perfused liver isolated
      from rats subjected to nutritional iron deficiency. The total hepatic iron uptake
      and incorporation into ferritin was found to be higher in iron deficiency and
      during the 48 h of oral refeeding with iron than in the normal state. Specific
      incorporation of iron into feritin from a perfusate of normal transferrin iron
      saturation was enhanced in nutritional iron deficiency as compared to controls
      after 5 h of perfusion but not after 1 h, suggesting that increased uptake of
      iron from the perfusate may play a role in stimulating hepatic ferritin synthesis
      and assembly. This promotion of uptake into ferritin was inhibited by
      cycloheximide suggesting that enhanced incorporation of iron is dependent upon de
      novo synthesis of apoferritin. In control, nutritionally iron deficient and iron
      refed rats there was a significant, direct correlation between the transferrin
      iron saturation of the perfusate at physiological transferrin concentrations and
      total hepatic iron uptake after 5 h perfusion. A significant positive correlation
      was found between the hepatic total and ferritin iron uptake and the transferrin
      synthetic rate measured in the same liver. It is proposed that in the liver the
      negative feedback of iron supply on transferrin synthesis may be linked with a
      positive feedback on ferritin synthesis. The time-course of these reciprocal
      responses suggests a role for hepatic ferritin and/or a component of the non
      haem, non-ferritin iron pool in the regulation of transferrin synthesis.

PMID- 698125
TI  - Acceleration of methaemoglobin reduction by riboflavin in human erythrocytes.
AB  - The effect of riboflavin on nitrite treated erythrocytes from normal subjects and
      patients with hereditary methaemoglobinaemia due to the deficiency of NADH
      cytochrome b5 reductase was studied in the presence of glucose, 2-deoxy-D-glucose
      or lactate. When glucose or 2-deoxy-D-glucose was used as a substrate for these
      erythrocytes, the rate of methaemoglobin reduction in these cells was accelerated
      more than two-fold in the presence of riboflavin. The acceleration was dependent
      on the concentration of riboflavin and was suppressed by the addition of atebrin.
      The stimulative effect of riboflavin was, however, not observed when lactate was
      used in place of glucose or 2-deoxy-D-glucose. On the basis of these results, the
      acceleration of methaemoglobin reduction by riboflavin was considered to be due
      to the activation of NADPH-flavin reductase (Yubisui et al, 1977) in erythrocytes
      by the reagent. The availability of riboflavin for patients with
      methaemoglobinaemia due to the deficiency of NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase and for
      those with toxic methaemoglobinaemia is discussed in relation to methaemoglobin
      reducing systems in erythrocytes.

PMID- 698126
TI  - Decrease of alpha-Hasharon globin in beta-thalassaemia.
AB  - In time course experiments performed in subjects carrying haemoglobin Hasharon
      and beta-thalassaemia the synthesis of alphaA-, alphaHasharon-, beta- and gamma
      globin has been determined. The alpha-globin molecules synthesized in excess were
      found to be removed from the red cell cytoplasm (phenomenon characteristic of
      beta-thalassaemia, described by Bargellesi et al, 1968a); in addition the
      alphaHasharon-globin molecules were removed at a faster rate than normal alpha
      globin. The preferential removal of the mutant alpha-globin explains the reduced
      level of haemoglobin Hasharon found in subjects carrying the gene for beta
      thalassaemia (Alberti et al, 1975). Reductions below normal levels of other
      haemoglobin variants occurring in the presence of the counterpart-globin
      thalassaemia are probably determined through a similar mechanism.

PMID- 698127
TI  - A new type of congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia.
AB  - This report concerns a 6-year-old child with severe dyseythropoietic anaemia and
      splenomegaly, apparently present since the first months of life. Striking
      anisopolikilocytosis was observed in the blood smear. The bone marrow showed
      marked erythroblastic hyperplasia with dyserythropoiesis. Ineffective
      erythropoiesis was demonstrated by ferrokinetic studies. Ultrastructurally
      erythroblasts appeared grossly abnormal. The clinical course was progressively
      worsening, necessitating repeated transfusions. The patient's father, also
      affected by a chronic anaemia of moderate degree since childhood, had a
      peripheral picture of anisopoikilocytosis, a shortened life span of the
      erythrocyte and in his bone marrow an erythroblastic hyperplasia with many
      atypical erythroblasts. His condition deteriorated because of persistent
      jaundice, biliary cholelithiasis, fibrosis and haemosiderosis of the liver. The
      clinical course, the pattern of the genetical transmission, the peculiar features
      of the erythroblasts disclosed by light and by electron microscope studies
      suggest that these cases represent a new type of congenital dyserythropoietic
      anaemia.

PMID- 698128
TI  - Studies of erythrocyte membrane loss produced by amphipathic drugs and in vitro
      storage.
AB  - Four amphipathic drugs, primaquine, propranolol, chlorpromazine and tetracaine,
      were used to cause endocytosis in glucose-depleted red cells, and the relative
      reduction of membrane surfaces was measured by the toluidine blue (TB) method.
      The TB measurements correlated well with the observed electron microscopic
      alterations. In vitro blood storage studies indicated loss of cell membrane
      during storage correlated with decreasing uptake of TB by the red cells.
      Regeneration of cellular ATP with adenosine did not always restore TB uptake by
      the cells. Loss of red blood cell membrane either by exocytosis or endocytosis
      may occur during normal in vivo or in vitro ageing, and may be increased in
      pathological states or by the action of drugs.

PMID- 698129
TI  - A possible contributory role of the platelet in the formation of plasma factor
      XIII.

PMID- 698130
TI  - Chronic myeloproliferative disorders: improved platelet aggregation following
      venesection.
AB  - Venesection of 10% of whole blood volume or plateletpheresis was performed in
      nine patients with chronic myeloproliferative disorders and in five normal
      control subjects. Before venesection, the patients showed impaired platelet
      aggregation in 33% of tests, most often in response to stimulation with 9 mumol
      adrenaline. After venesection, the platelet and megathrombocyte counts increased
      rapidly and excessively in most patients and platelet aggregation improved
      markedly. In some cases, spontaneous in vitro aggregation was seen at high
      platelet concentrations. In two patients impaired platelet aggregation with
      adrenaline was not corrected. The splenic platelet pool is thought to be the
      probable source of the new platelets.

PMID- 698131
TI  - Discrete bands in ferritin electrofocusing patterns.

PMID- 698132
TI  - UK Naval Dockyards Asbestosis Study: radiological methods in the surveillance of
      workers exposed to asbestos.

PMID- 698133
TI  - Bacterial contamination of cotton and cotton dust and effects on the lung.
AB  - Bacterial contamination of various parts of the cotton plant and of cotton from
      different mills was investigated. The predominant bacterial species were Gram
      negative rods mainly of the Enterobacter genus. When guinea pigs inhaled strains
      of these bacteria cultivated from cotton, a strong leucocyte mobilising capacity
      was found for Pseudomonas and Enterobacter but not for Agrobacterium or Bacillus
      species. The aetiology of the development of pulmonary symptoms after inhalation
      of bacteria-containing dusts and subsequent production of endotoxins is
      discussed.

PMID- 698134
TI  - Prevalence of vibration-induced white finger in fluorspar mines in Weardale.
AB  - A combined epidemiological and clinical study of vibration-induced white finger
      (VWF) was carried out involving 115 men in four fluorspar mines. The overall
      prevalence of VWF was found to be 50% among 42 vibration-exposed subjects, while
      that of constitutional white finger (CWF) was 5-6% in all men studied. The VWF
      latent interval was 1-19 years with a mean of 5-6 years. An association was
      observed between the exposure time and VWF stages which included 18 men in Stage
      0, three in the intermediate Stage of 0T/0N, five in Stage 2 and 16 in Stage 3;
      no men were seen at Stage 1. Among those with VWF in Stage 3, the index, middle
      and ring fingers were affected in both hands and the little fingers and thumbs
      were last to be involved. Clinically, on general examination, apart from
      vibration-induced white finger, the men in the 'vibration' group were not as
      healthy as those in the 'control' group. The circumference of the index fingers
      was not significantly different for the different groups. Neurological tests
      showed that the ridge test and, to a lesser extent, the two-point discrimination
      and the light touch tests, could be regarded as useful for the diagnosis of VWF.

PMID- 698135
TI  - Health effects of acrylonitrile in acrylic fibre factories.
AB  - The relationship between the degree of exposure and biological effects of
      acrylonitrile (AN) was studied in 102 workers whose exposure period exceeded five
      years, and in 62 matched controls, all of whom had been randomly sampled from six
      acrylic fibre factories in Japan. The six factories were classified into three
      groups on the basis of AN concentration at workplaces. The most highly exposed
      group of subjects showed an eight-hour average AN concentration of 4-2 ppm by
      personal sampling, a mean urinary AN concentration of 360 microgram/1 and a mean
      urinary thiocyanate concentration of 11-4 mg/1. Medical examination, including
      the indocyanine green excretion test and multiple clinical chemistry
      determinations, failed to detect any health effect attributable to AN. Slight
      liver damage may possibly occur in more highly exposed workers. Urinary AN and
      thiocyanate determinations may provide more accurate estimates of low-grade
      exposure (less than 5 ppm).

PMID- 698136
TI  - Urinary kallikrein activity of workers exposed to lead.
AB  - Two groups of men of different age ranges and with the same period of lead
      exposure were selected for study in a recently opened car-battery factory. Two
      other groups of age-matched men, not exposed to heavy metals in their work, were
      used as controls. Morning urines were collected from control and exposed groups
      for determination of urinary kallikrein activity, urinary delta-amino-levulinic
      acid (ALA) and lead levels. The environmental lead levels and the urinary ALA and
      lead values indicated that exposure in the factory was not heavy. The older group
      of lead-exposed workers showed greatly reduced urinary kallikrein activity
      compared with that of the age-matched controls. In contrast, the younger group
      did not show any significant alteration in urinary kallikrein excretion.

PMID- 698137
TI  - Hippuric acid excretion after benzylamine ingestion in man.
AB  - The fate of 14C-benzylamine after oral administration as the hydrochloride has
      been investigated in two male volunteers. Over 98% of the administered radiolabel
      was excreted in the urine as 14C-hippuric acid within 24 hours. The rate of
      urinary hippuric acid excretion was extremely rapid, with more than 90% of the
      dose excreted after three hours.

PMID- 698138
TI  - Urinary thioether of employees of a chemical plant.
AB  - The thiols in the morning urine of 224 employees of a chemical plant were
      determined after alkaline hydrolysis of all urinary thioethers. The highest
      thioether excretion was found in rubber workers and radial tyre builders in
      comparison with clerks, plastic monomer mixers and footwear preparers. Smoking
      and medication tended to increase thioether excretion. Urinary thioether
      determination may prove to be a valuable tool in assessing exposure to mixtures
      of chemicals regardless of the route of absorption.

PMID- 698139
TI  - The paper punched disc technique for lead in blood samples with abnormal
      haemoglobin values.
AB  - A series of 15 blood samples with haemoglobin levels ranging from 4-6--16-1 g/dl
      were spotted on to Whatman No. 4 filter paper. Blood samples with low haemoglobin
      concentrations spread over a greater area of the filter paper than did those with
      high haemoglobin concentrations. This was further investigated by studying the
      performance of laboratory-prepared samples, and any effect on the estimation of
      blood lead value. Blood lead values assayed by the punched disc method on blood
      samples with low haemoglobin values were unreliable unless the estimated value
      was adjusted with respect to the area over which the blood had spread.

PMID- 698140
TI  - Ethanol-increased exhalation of mercury in mice.
AB  - CBA/J mice injected three days beforehand with 203HgCl2 were given ethanol or
      water by gavage and placed in a chamber designed to collect exhaled mercury.
      Ethanol treatment led to an eight-fold increase of counts accumulated on a filter
      over a four-hour period, compared with water-treated mice. The mercury-collection
      apparatus tested for extracorporeal contribution of volatilised mercury indicated
      that the counts originated from the air exhaled by the mice.

PMID- 698141
TI  - Paraquat lung injury in rabbits.
AB  - An aerosol model for the study of paraquat (PQ) toxicity was developed using a
      134 litre chamber and an ultrasonic nebuliser. Three groups of New Zealand white
      rabbits weighing 2-3 kg were studied. Group I (n = 6) was exposed to 10 g PQ/100
      ml double-distilled water (DDW), Group II (n = 24) was exposed to 200 mg PQ/100
      Ml DDW and a control group (n = 6) was exposed to 100 ml DDW. In a second
      experiment ten animals (Group III) were exposed to 10 mg PQ/100 ML DDW over a
      three-month period together with a control group (n = 5). Group I animals died
      with extensive haemorrhagic pneumonitis 38 hours after the last challenge. Most
      animals in Group II surviving more than three exposures had a significant
      reduction (P less than 0.001) in arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) and an increase
      (P less than 0.001) in the alveolar-arterial O2 gradient. Specific compliance
      decreased (P less than 0.005) and functional residual capacity and breathing
      frequency increased (P less than 0.05). Tissue PQ values showed even pulmonary
      distribution, with evidence of PQ accumulation after repeated inhalation. The
      lungs showed focal interstitial fibrosis, interstitial thickening, proliferation
      of macrophages in the alveoli, epithelioid changes in the interstitium, Type II
      cell hyperplasia, and foci of acute inflammation with consolidation. Controls and
      Group III animals were normal. This indicates that repeated inhalation of
      paraquat aerosol induces dose-related interstitial pneumonitis and fibrosis in
      rabbits.

PMID- 698142
TI  - Acute mercury pneumonitis.

PMID- 698143
TI  - Urinary mercury excretion in dental personnel.

PMID- 698145
TI  - Artificial insemination with frozen stored donor semen.
AB  - The results of artificial insemination with donor semen (AID) are reported. The
      semen samples were stored in liquid nitrogen until needed. Eighty-two pregnancies
      occurred in 214 patients treated for 1610 cycles. Life table conception rates
      were 24.3 +/- 2.9 after six months and 32.7 +/- 3.3 after 12 months of treatment.
      Thirty of the 82 patients conceived within three treatment cycles and 53 by the
      sixth treatment cycle. Of the 82 pregnancies, there were 12 miscarriages, no
      stillbirths or neonatal deaths and one baby was born with a congenital
      abnormality.

PMID- 698144
TI  - The influence of pre-induction vaginal prostaglandin E2 gel upon subsequent
      labour.
AB  - Eight hundred and three patients with singleton viable pregnancies and fetal
      cephalic presentation were given prostaglandin E2 in viscous gel by intravaginal
      instillation the evening before planned surgical induction. When the cervix was
      'ripe', surgical induction was avoided in 65.9 per cent of primigravidae and 87.5
      per cent of multigravidae; the administration of epidural analgesia was less
      frequent, the rate of spontaneous vaginal delivery greater, the Caesarean section
      rate lower, and the state of the newborn at delivery better than in those
      patients who required surgical induction. Side effects attributable to the
      prostaglandin gel were rare as were complications.

PMID- 698146
TI  - Plasma unconjugated oestriol in late pregnancy: circadian variation and the
      effect of meals and a glucose load.
AB  - Plasma unconjugated oestriol (E3) concentrations were determined by
      radioimmunoassay in 10 normal subjects in late pregnancy, throughout a normal day
      and night, and after a 50 g oral glucose load. There was a circadian pattern in
      E3 concentration characterized by an abrupt increase of 15 per cent at night.
      There was no significant rhythm during the day or night, taken separately.
      However there was a 10 to 11 per cent reduction in E3 concentrations soon after
      some meals and after a glucose load, possibly due to expansion of the plasma
      volume. Excluding the effect of meals, the fluctuation of E3 concentrations in
      individuals (median of the coefficients of variation) was 11.5 per cent in the
      day. Overall, it was 13.2 per cent in the day, 12.1 per cent at night and 15.9
      per cent over the whole period studied. Since the variation in plasma
      unconjugated E3 concentrations through 24 hours was no greater than random
      fluctuations or day-to-day variation there is no need to restrict the time of
      blood sampling in clinical practice.

PMID- 698147
TI  - Pregnancy-associated plasma protein B (PAPP-B) in normal and abnormal pregnancies
      at term.
AB  - At term, the pregnancy-associated plasma protein B (PAPP-B) level in normal
      pregnancy was correlated with placental and newborn weights, but not with nine
      other normal obstetric variables. It was lower in pregnancies complicated by
      diabetes or severe toxaemia, and higher in twin pregnancies.

PMID- 698148
TI  - Fetal breathing movements in high risk pregnancy.
AB  - In 12 normal and 50 high risk pregnancies fetal breathing and fetal trunk
      movements were measured by real time ultrasound after the mothers had been given
      oral glucose. Fetal breathing was significantly reduced in the two fetuses which
      subsequently died and in five of six fetuses developing fetal distress in labour.
      Two patterns of breathing were noted in 23 fetuses with cessation of Intrauterine
      growth: either reduced fetal breathing or almost continuous breathing. Fetal
      trunk movements were more variable than breathing movements and a reduction in
      trunk movements had less predictive value.

PMID- 698149
TI  - The possible adverse effect of propranolol on the fetus in pregnancies
      complicated by severe hypertension.
AB  - A retrospective study is presented of the effect of propranolol on fetal outcome
      in pregnancies complicated by maternal hypertension. In nine pregnancies in which
      propranolol was given to markedly hypertensive women (diastolic blood pressure
      over 105 mm Hg) the fetal outcome was worse than in 15 patients using other
      hypotensive agents. The probability of fetal or neonatal death was related to the
      amount of proteinuria and the presence of parenchymal renal disease but was also
      significantly higher when the mother had been treated with propranolol.
      Experimental evidence suggests that beta-adrenergic blockade is harmful to the
      hypoxic fetus, for these reasons the use of propranolol in hypertensive
      pregnancies complicated by placental insufficiency may be contraindicated unless
      there is no satisfactory alternative.

PMID- 698150
TI  - Melatonin in amniotic fluid during human parturition.
AB  - Concentrations of melatonin have been measured in amniotic fluid obtained during
      late pregnancy and labour. Samples obtained by amniotomy during labour contained
      higher concentrations of melatonin than samples taken at amniotomy for the
      induction of labour. Amniotic fluid obtained by amniocentesis in late pregnancy
      contained lower concentrations of melatonin than amniotic fluid obtained by
      amniotomy. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to pineal
      influences on parturition.

PMID- 698151
TI  - The effects of quinestrol and bromocriptine on blood coagulation, serum prolactin
      and serum FSH levels in puerperal women.
AB  - The effects of bromocriptine and quinestrol upon coagulation and fibrinolysis
      during the puerperium were studied. Quinestrol therapy was associated with
      increased levels of factors VII and IX and decreased antithrombin activity on the
      sixth postpartum day, and increased factor IX and plasminogen levels on the
      fourteenth postpartum day. Six weeks after delivery elevated levels of factors II
      and VII and of plasminogen were recorded in women given quinestrol. Bromocriptine
      therapy only caused an increase in the level of factor IX at six weeks after
      delivery. Compared to controls, patients given bromocriptine had lower prolactin
      and higher FSH levels during the puerperium whereas the patients given quinestrol
      had increased prolactin levels and a late fall in FSH levels.

PMID- 698152
TI  - Induction of ovulation with clomiphene and human chorionic gonadotrophin in women
      with hyperprolactinaemic amenorrhoea.
AB  - Seventeen women complaining of infertility (one with primary amenorrhoea, 14 with
      secondary amenorrhoea, and two with oligomenorrhoea) all had hyperprolactinaemia
      and were treated with clomiphene citrate and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG),
      and plasma oestradiol, FSH and LH levels were measured. Although adequate pre
      ovulatory oestradiol levels were present, the surge of LH was absent until the
      injection of HCG after which all patients ovulated. There were 12 pregnancies in
      9 patients resulting in 10 full-term livebirths, one premature livebirth and one
      continuing pregnancy. The relevance of these findings to the possible role of
      prolactin in amenorrhoea is discussed.

PMID- 698153
TI  - Vascular anatomy of the human uterus and pregnancy wastage.
AB  - In uteri removed at hysterectomy the uterine arteries were injected with
      radioopaque media and the vascular configuration was correlated with reproductive
      histories. Patients whose uteri had two ascending uterine arteries on each side
      had significantly more abortions and smaller newborn infants than patients with a
      single ascending branch of the uterine artery.

PMID- 698154
TI  - Longer though lighter menstrual and intermenstural bleeding with copper as
      compared to inert intrauterine devices.
AB  - A randomized serial study of uterine blood loss was made of 281 women fitted with
      one of three intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCDs): a Lippes loop D, a
      Dalkon shield or a Copper 7. The increase in the amount of blood loss was
      greatest with Lippes loop D users and least with Copper 7 users. However, the
      duration of menstrual and intermenstrual bleeding and of spotting was
      significantly greater among Copper 7 users than with the two inert devices. Thus
      the mechanisms whereby IUCDs increase the duration as opposed to the volume of
      uterine bleeding may be different. Previous users of oral contraceptives were
      found to have significantly less bleeding before IUCD insertion, but showed a
      similar pattern of increase of uterine bleeding after IUCD insertion to those who
      had not used oral contraceptives. For all three IUCDs, the increment in amount
      and duration of uterine bleeding after insertion decreased between the first and
      the sixth period, on average by about 15 ml and one to two days. No subsequent
      improvement was found and after 12 cycles the Copper 7 users had longer but less
      heavy uterine blood loss than users of the Lippes loop D.

PMID- 698155
TI  - Meconium-like staining of amniotic fluid due to high fetal intestinal
      obstruction. Case report.
AB  - A baby with congenital jejunal and ileal atresia is described. There was meconium
      like staining of the amniotic fluid which was probably due to fetal regurgitation
      or vomiting.

PMID- 698156
TI  - Pregnancy and Nelson's syndrome. Two case reports.
AB  - We describe two patients with Nelson's syndrome in whom pregnancy progressed
      normally to spontaneous delivery of normal infants. One patient, who subsequently
      was found to have a basophil adenoma of the pituitary, developed diabetes
      insipidus in late pregnancy and the diabetes insipidus regressed spontaneously
      after delivery.

PMID- 698157
TI  - The utilization of diets containing acetate, propionate or butyrate salts by
      growing lambs.
AB  - 1. In a comparative slaughter experiment growing lambs were given concentrate
      diets in which 7, 15 or 22% of the metabolizable energy (ME) provided by barley
      was replaced by sodium and calcium salts of acetic acid, or 22% of ME was
      replaced by Na and Ca salts of propionic or butyric acids. 2. The efficiency of
      utilization for fattening (kf) of the diets containing 0, 7, 15 or 22% of ME as
      acetate was 57.2, 59.6, 54.1 and 48.8 (SE +/- 1.8) respectively, the last value
      being significantly lower (P less than 0.001) than the first. The kf for
      successive increments of acetate was 90, 37 and 19% (SE +/ 3), the decrease being
      significant (P less than 0.001). 3. The kf value of the diets containing 22% of
      ME as propionate or butyrate respectively were 48.7 and 50.6 (SE +/- 1.8), both
      values being significantly lower than the control (P less than 0.01). The partial
      kf of propionate was 19 +/- 13, and of butyrate 28 +/- 13%. 4. It is concluded
      that the experiment provided evidence that the efficiency with which acetateis
      utilized for energy retentionis not constant, but varies with its contribution to
      ME. The experiment also provided some evidence that large amounts of propionate
      and butyrate may be inefficiently utilized by growing lambs, although poor
      utilization of high levels of volatile fatty acid (VFA) salts per se cannot be
      entirely excluded.

PMID- 698158
TI  - Metabolism of heat-damaged proteins in the rat. Inhibition of amino acid uptake
      by "unavailable peptides" isolated from enzymic digests of heat-damaged cod
      fillet.
AB  - 1. An extract containing "unavailable" small peptides was isolated from an
      enzymic digest of heat-damaged cod fillet and examined for its influence on
      uptake of leucine in the rat small intestine, using the everted-sac technique. 2.
      The extract strongly inhibited the uptake of leucine. It had no effect on uptake
      of glucose or its metabolism to lactate. 3. The findings are discussed in
      relation to the concept (Buraczewski, Buraczewska & Ford, 1967) that the
      accumulation of "unavailable peptide" material in the intestine, found in rats
      given heat-damaged protein, might hinder the absorption of amino acids by
      blocking a mechanism involved in their transport across the mucosal barrier.

PMID- 698159
TI  - Haematological and blood chemistry changes in ewes and lambs following
      supplementation with vitamin E and selenium.
AB  - 1. For methods of vitamin E and selenium supplementation were evaluated using
      thirty-nine pregnant ewe-lambs fed on a ration containing 0.043 mg Se/kg and 25
      mg vitamin E/kg. Treatments were control, fortified mineral mix (ESe salt) (300
      mg vitamin E, 3 mg Se), ruminal Se pellets (505 mg Se), drench (300 mg vitamin E,
      3 mg Se) and intramuscular injection (600 mg vitamin E, 3 mg Se). Only ewes
      supplemented, commencing approximately 50 d before parturition. 2. Birth weights
      were similar for all treatments and live-weight gains of lambs to 56 d of age
      were improved in all supplemented groups (P less than 0.05). There were no
      clinical cases of nutritional muscular dystrophy. 3. Se concentrations in whole
      blood were more than doubled in both lambs and ewes drenched or injected;
      responses to ESe salt and pellets were much smaller. 4. Plasma tocopherol levels
      were increased in injected dams and their lambs (P less than 0.001). 5.
      Haemoglobin concentration and erythrocyte counts were significantly higher (P
      less than 0.01) in control ewes and lambs than in treated lambs. 6. Lactate
      dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27), creatine kinase (EC 2.7.3.2) and aspartate
      aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1) activities were increased in lambs from control,
      ESe salt and pellet groups (P less than 0.001). Glutathione peroxidase (EC
      1.11.1.9) activity responded to Se supplementation in both ewes and their lambs
      (P less than 0.001) and the response was highest in the injected group, followed
      in order, by the drench, pellet, Ese salt and control groups. 7. These studies
      indicated that in terms of the haematological and blood chemistry changes
      investigated, the intramuscular injection was most effective, followed by the
      oral drench. Ruminal pellets and fortified salt were less satisfactory.

PMID- 698160
TI  - The nutritive value of silages. Energy metabolism in sheep receiving diets of
      grass silage or grass silage and barley.
AB  - 1. Two calorimetric experiments were conducted to study the utilization of energy
      in sheep given diets of grass silage or grass silage and barley. Three silages
      were investigated. One was made from first-harvest grass in the spring (S) and
      the others from regrowth cut either early or late in the autumn (E and L
      respectively). All were of perennial ryegress (Lolium perenne) and preserved with
      formic acid. Each silage was given at two levels of feeding, the lower providing
      approximately a maintenance energy intake. The S and L silages were also given
      supplemented with barley. 2. The digestibilities of organic matter, cellulose and
      energy in the silages were high. Measured at maintenance, digestible energy (DE)
      contents (MJ/kg dry matter (DM))were 11.83, 14.67 and 12.90 for S, E and L
      respectively. The DE contents of the S and E silages were depressed at the higher
      level of feeding but the effect was offset by changes in the energy losses as
      methane and urine. Metabolizable energy (ME) contents (MJ/kg DM) for the three
      silages, S, E and L were respectively 9.88, 12.54 and 10.73 at the low level of
      feeding and 9.91, 11.99 and 11.08 at the high level of feeding. The mean ME
      content of barley calculated by difference was 13.76 MJ/kg DM. 3. The mean
      efficiencies of utilization of ME for maintenance (km) for the S, E and L silages
      were 0.69, 0.71 and 0.68 respectively. Corresponding values for fattening (kf)
      were 0.21, 0.57 and 0.59. Excepting the kf for the S silage which was low,
      observed efficiencies were in broad agreement with those predicted by the
      equations of the Agricultural Research Council (1965). Similar agreement was
      obtained with all diets consisting of silage and barley.

PMID- 698161
TI  - Metabolic changes associated with the occurrence of fatty liver and kidney
      syndrome in chicks.
AB  - 1. The changes in a number of metabolic measurements brought about by low-biotin
      diets associated with high and low incidences of fatty liver and kidney syndrome
      (FLKS) were studied in healthy 4-week-old broiler chicks. 2. Liver pyruvate
      carboxylase (pyruvate: CO2 ligase (ADP); EC 6.4.1.1) activity was low in birds
      fed on a diet causing a high incidence FLKS but the addition of fat or protein to
      this diet, to decrease the incidence of FLKS, increased enzyme activity. 3. Liver
      weights, blood lactate concentrations, plasma lactate dehydrogenase (L-lactate:
      NAD oxidoreductase; EC 1.1.1.27) activitvities and values for C16:1 : C18:0 fatty
      acid in liver, adipose tissue and plasma triglyceride were highest in birds fed
      on the high-FLKS diet and all measurements were negatively correlated with
      pyruvate carboxylase activity. 4. Birds with high plasma lactate dehydrogenase
      activity or triglyceride C16:1 : C18:0 values were the most likely to develop
      FLKS when fasted. 5. There was no evidence that increased liver weight was
      associated with increase activities of certain other liver enzymes. 6. It is
      concluded that FLKS occurs in birds with little or no hepatic gluconeogenic
      capacity via pyruvate carboxylase as a result of a dietary insufficiency of
      biotin but that the initiation of the syndrome in probably associated with the
      inhibition of other pathways of gluconeogenesis.

PMID- 698162
TI  - Estimation of rate of protein synthesis by constant infusion of labelled amino
      acids in pigs.
AB  - 1. The fractional synthetic rates of tissue proteins were studied in growing pigs
      using the constant-infusion technique of tracer-labelled amino acids
      ([14C]leucine and [14C]lysine) and the mathetmatical model for calculation,
      employed in rats by Garlick, Millward & James (1973). 2. During a 6 h infusion,
      samples were taken from blood and muscle and at the end of the infusion from
      liver, muscle, pancreas, heart, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon, and skin. The
      specific radioactivity of free and protein-bound leucine and lysine was
      estimated. 3. A quasi-steady-state in the specific radioactivity of free plasma
      leucine and lysine was reached within approximately 2 h, the rate-constants being
      35 and 48/d respectively. 4. The specific radioactivity of free leucine and
      lysine in plasma was used to calculate the flux of these amino acids. It was
      found to be higher than the daily intake. 5. The average fractional rate of
      protein synthesis in muscle and heart 8.1% d, in small and large intestine the
      values were 50 and 33% d respectively and in liver and pancreas more than 100% d.
      6. The calculation of protein synthetic rate in pig tissue using the constant
      infusion method of labelled amino acids seems to be a suitable toof for study of
      this species.

PMID- 698163
TI  - Lead and iron absorption from rat small intestine: the effect of dietary Fe
      deficiency.
AB  - 1. When lead is administered in drinking-water iron-deficient rats retain more Pb
      than Fe-replete rats (Six & Goyer, 1972; Klauder & Petering, 1975). In the
      present study the relationship between the absorption of Pb and Fe was
      investigated. 2. Adult male rats were transfered to a milk-based diet fed with or
      without supplementary Fe (180 mg Fe/kg as ferrous sulphate). After 7--9 d the
      absorption of duodenally-administered 203Pb and 59Fe was measured as uptake of
      radioactivity from the gastrointestinal tract after 90 min. 59Fe absorption was
      increased in rats given the unsupplemented diet for 7 d and was further increased
      in rats kept on the diet for up to 7 weeks. 203Pb absorption was not consistently
      increased by either short- or long-term Fe deprivation. 3. Much of the 203Pb in
      homogenates of the upper small intestine was bound to soluble protein of which up
      to 85% was dialysable. In contrast little 59Fe was dialysable. Only a small
      proportion of the soluble musosal Pb was associated with ferritin during gel
      filtration chromatography although 203Pb precipitated together with carrier rat
      liver ferritin with an antibody to rat-liver ferritin. 4. There appeared to be no
      direct relationship between the transfer of Fe and Pb across the small intestine
      of the adult rat.

PMID- 698164
TI  - Studies on the nutrition of marine flatfish. The pyridoxine requirement of turbot
      (Scophthalmus maximus).
AB  - 1. Diets containing graded levels of pyridoxine hydrochloride (to supply 0.26--30
      mg pyridoxine/kg) were given to seven duplicate groups of turbot (Scophthalmus
      maximus) for 12 weeks and their growth rate was measured during this period. 2.
      Good growth was obtained on all treatments except those groups given less than
      1.0 mg pyridoxine/kg diet. These fish grew normally until weeks 8--10 but
      thereafter their weight gain was significantly less than that for other
      treatments. 3. Measurements of aspartate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.1) in muscle
      and liver and of alanine amino-transferase (EC 2.6.1.2) in liver of the turbot
      showed that the activities of these enzymes increased with increasing dietary
      pyridoxine intake up to a level of 2.5 mg pyridoxine/kg. The activities of these
      enzymes were not further enhanced by additional dietary pyridoxine. 4. Percentage
      stimulation of these enzymes by pre-incubation of extracts with pyridoxal
      phosphate was minimal with those groups of turbot given 2.5 mg pyridoxine/kg diet
      or more. 5. It is concluded that the dietary requirement of turbot for vitamin B6
      can be safely met with a diet containing between 1.0 and 2.5 mg pyridoxine/kg. 6.
      An eighth group of turbot given the pyridoxine antagonist 4-deoxypyridoxine
      hydrochloride (20 mg/kg) showed retarded growth after 2 weeks, together with a
      high mortality rate.

PMID- 698165
TI  - The effect of vitamin B12 on physical performance capacity.
AB  - 1. Physical performance capacity was assessed before and after injection of
      cyanocobalamin and a placebo for thirty-one Burmese male subjects whose age
      ranged from 18.7 to 20.8 years. 2. The subjects chosen were free from anaemia and
      were paired on a "weight--age" basis and divided into two groups. 3. One group
      received an injection of 1 mg cyanocobalamin and the other was given a placebo
      injection three times weekly for 6 weeks. This was done on a "double-blind"
      basis. 4. There was no significant difference between the two groups in any of
      the criteria measured, before and after administration of either 1 mg
      cyanocobalamin or placebo injection. So also there was no significant increase in
      any of the measurements in the subjects after receiving cyanocobalamin injections
      compared with thosse receiving the placebo.

PMID- 698166
TI  - Absence of immunological hypertensitivity to dietary cow's-milk proteins in
      infant rabbits.
AB  - 1. Rabbits hand-reared on a diet based on cow's milk frequently experience
      convulsive and sometimes fatal reactions to their feed. These have been thought
      to be caused by immunological hypersensitivity to cow's milk. 2. This explanation
      has been re-examined and found to be untenable.

PMID- 698167
TI  - The effect of alcohol on resting metabolic rate.
AB  - 1. There was a significant increase in oxygen consumption in ten women after
      small intakes of alcohol. 2. No significant difference was found between the
      average increase in metabolic rate over 3 h after an isoenergetic meal of food or
      of food plus alcohol. However, during the last half of the 3 h postprandial
      period, the increased O2 consumption was significantly greater after the meal
      including alcohol. 3. Possible explanations for the contradictory results in the
      literature are discussed.

PMID- 698168
TI  - Adsorption of bile salts from aqueous solution by plant fibre and cholestyramine.
AB  - 1. Adsorption of bile salts by dietary fibre is believed to promote their
      excretion and hence to reduce the serum cholesterol level in man and experimental
      animals. 2. We have tested a number of plant fibre fractions and other related
      materials for their ability to adsorb bile salts from aqueous solution. The
      "insoluble" plant fractions were from "dry grain" (a residue from brewing),
      apple, wheat bran, lucerne (Medicago sativa), soya beans, mung  beans (Phaseolus
      mungo), chick peas (Cicer arietinum), rolled oats, spinach (Spinacia oleracea),
      sunflower seeds, sawdust and sheep faeces. The other materials were
      cholestyramine, pectin and lignins prepared from wheat bran and from sawdust. 3.
      Only cholestyramine and the fibre from lucerne, soya beans, mung beans, chick
      peas, spinach, and sunflower seeds adsorbed enough of either sodium cholate or
      sodium deoxycholate for adsorption to be detectable. 4. This result conflicts
      with a report that the lignin component of dietary fibre is responsible for
      adsorption of bile salts. 5. Adsorption of bile salts, when it occurs, may depend
      on the presence of saponins bound to the fibre.

PMID- 698169
TI  - Environmental temperature and choice feeding of the broiler.
AB  - 1. Broilers were kept under environmental temperature regimens of 16, 21, 26 or
      31 degrees and given, 22--57 d of age, either a complete diet or free-choice of
      whole wheat and a higher-protein food containing either 252 or 516 g crude
      protein (nitrogen x 6.25)/kg. 2. Broilers maintained at 16 and 21 degrees
      consumed food at a significantly higher rate than those kept at 26 degrees and
      the latter had a significantly higher food intake rate than broilers kept at 31
      degrees, for each feeding treatment. Compared with 21 degrees the 57 d body
      weight of broilers kept at 26 degrees and 31 degrees was significantly reduced.
      3. When kept under the 16, 21, 26 and 31 degrees regimens, the amount of whole
      wheat in the food consumed by the broilers choice-fed with wheat and the 252 g
      crude protein/kg food was 56, 55, 48 and 46% respectively.  The corresponding
      values for the broilers on the second choice-feeding treatment were 80, 76, 79
      and 72%. 4. Except for a single instance the choice-fed broilers grew at a
      significantly slower rate than broilers given the complete diet.

PMID- 698170
TI  - Biliary lipids, bile acids and gallstone formation in hypovitaminotic C guinea
      pigs.
AB  - 1. Hypovitaminotic C guinea-pigs fed on a high-cholesterol diet for 5 weeks
      developed gallstones (810 mg cholesterol/g) whereas no concretements were
      observed in vitamin C-replete animals.  2. Scanning electron microscope studies
      of the three types of gallstone observed in the gallbladders of vitamin C
      deficient animals showed them to be composed of randomly-arranged needle-shaped
      or laminated crystal of cholesterol. 3. The hepatic bile of gallstone-forming
      animals had a higher cholesterol concentration and lower bile acid content, the
      latter being principally due to a reduction in the chenodeoxycholic fraction,
      than the bile of vitamin C-replete animals. 4. No significant difference was
      observed between the volume of bile secreted by hypovitaminotic C and vitamin C
      replete animals, but due to the qualitative changes in bile composition,
      gallstone formation was associated with an increased biliary secretion of
      cholesterol and a reduced secretion of bile acids.

PMID- 698171
TI  - Factors affecting the voluntary intake of food by sheep. 1. The role of
      distension, flow-rate of digesta and propulsive motility in the intestines.
AB  - 1. Twelve sheep fitted with abomasal cannulas were given ad lib. access to a diet
      of chopped lucerne (Medicago sativa) hay to a ascertain if the amount of digesta
      being transported by the intestines was limiting intake. If this was the
      situation, pumping a solution of the bulk-laxative methylcellulose (100 g/kg; MC)
      into the abomasum should have reduced intake in proportion to the mass of digesta
      attributable to the MC and associated water. In preliminary experiments faecal
      water and wet matter outputs increased by 6.2 and 7.4 g/g MC powder respectively.
      2. The infusion of 2.95 kg MC/d did not affect food intake even though wet faecal
      output increased from a control value of 2.436 to 4.616 kg/d. The transit time of
      51 Cr-EDTA through the intestines decreased only slightly during the infusion
      indicating that MC produced a marked increase in the mass of intestinal contents.
      Increasing the rate of infusion to 5.336 kg/d increased wet faecal output to
      5.437 kg/d, did not change transit time but significantly decreased food intake
      presumably to protect the intestines from overdistension. After stopping the
      infusion, food intakes and faecal outputs returned to control values but transit
      time remained unchanged. The intake of chopped lucerne hay by sheep was not
      limited by the capacity of the small and large intestines to transport bulk as
      intake was maintained even through wet faecal output was doubled and the
      intestines apparently became markedly distended.

PMID- 698172
TI  - Protein degradation and optimum urea concentration in cereal-based diets for
      sheep.
AB  - 1. Early-weaned lambs were used to estimate the concentration of urea required to
      give the maximum intake and utilization of maize or barley with either a high
      (HPB) or low (LPB) protein content. 2. Approximately the same concentration of
      urea (7--11 g urea/kg feed) was required for maximum intake and feed utilization
      of both HPB and LPB. With maize there was no increase in intake, live weight
      gain, digestion and feed conversion as a result of adding more than 7 g urea/kg.
      3. The proportion of protein degraded in the rumen was estimated by the synthetic
      fibre bag technique to be 0.69, 0.82 and 0.54 for HPB, LPB and maize
      respectively. The similarity in concentration of urea required for optimum
      utilization of LPB AND HPB might be explained by differences in the extent of
      degradation of protein in the rumen, but the lower concentration of urea required
      for maize cannot be similarly explained. 4. From estimates of yield of microbial
      protein in the rumen, the extent of rumen fermentation and the measured extent of
      protein degradation, theoretical requirements for urea were calculated and
      compared with other predictions and with the experimentally determined values.
      For barley, predicted values agreed reasonably well with experimental ones, but
      for maize all values, including those derived by a new system adopted by the
      Agricultural Research Council (ARC) Working Party, were too high.

PMID- 698173
TI  - A comparison of the voluntary intake and digestion of a range of forages at
      different times of the year by the sheep and the red deer (Cervus elaphus).
AB  - 1. Comparisons were made between castrated male Scottish Blackface sheep and red
      deer (Cervus elaphus) of voluntary forage intake (VFI), digestibility and the
      mean retention time (MRT) of a particulate-phase marker (103Ru-phenanthroline) in
      the alimentary tract, when a range of forages: dried-grass pellets, chopped dried
      grass, fresh-frozen Agrostis-Festuca spp. and heather (Calluna vulgaris, L. Hull)
      were given at different times of the year. 2. On both the dried-grass-pellet and
      chopped dried-grass diets the red deer and sheep ate similar quantities. Both
      species had a higher VFI of dried-grass pellets in July than in November. The
      sheep digested the dried-grass-pellet diet better than the red deer and this was
      associated with a longer MRT of the particulate-phase marker in the alimentary
      tract. 3. The VFI of Agrostis-Festuca spp. and heather by the red deer was twice
      that of the sheep. The VFI of heather by the sheep increased by 32% between
      January and April, and the VFI of both the Agrostis--Festuca spp. and heather
      diets by the red deer increased by 65--70%. The sheep digested the Agrostis-
      Festuca spp. better than the red deer but the red deer digested the heather
      slightly better than the sheep. MRT of the particulate-phase marker was greater
      for the sheep than for the red deer on both the diets. The digestibility and MRT
      of both diets in the red deer did not decrease with the seasonal increase in VFI,
      suggesting a possible hypertrophy of the alimentary tract.

PMID- 698174
TI  - Amino acid requirements of the breeding sow. 2. The dietary lysine requirement of
      the lactating sow.
AB  - 1. Two experiments, involving six lactating Landacre x (Landrace x Large White)
      sows were undertaken to study the lysine requirement of the lactating sow and to
      identify the second limiting amino acid by means of interpretation of plasma
      amino acid and blood urea levels. 2. A basal diet composed mainly of equal
      amounts of ground barley and ground wheat supplemented with mineral and vitamin
      mixtures was used. This diet was supplemented with synthetic amino acids (lysine
      threonine, tryptophan, methionine and isoleucine). 3. Plasma amino acid and blood
      urea values showed a close agreement and indicated that lysine intake above 38.4
      g/d was in excess of the requirement level. 4. Plasma amino acid values suggested
      tryptophan to be the second limiting amino acid whereas blood urea values
      suggested threonine to be the second limiting amino acids.

PMID- 698175
TI  - The accretion of copper and of zinc by the foetuses of prolific ewes.

PMID- 698176
TI  - The effect of 1-alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol on calcium and phosphorus metabolism
      in the lactating ewe.
AB  - 1. The effect of 1-alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol (1 alpha-OH-D3) on calcium and
      phosphorus metabolism has been studied in ewes at peak lactation by a combination
      of a mineral balance and a radioisotope technique. 2. The rate of Ca absorption
      was substantially higher in the treated ewes than in controls. The rates of
      endogenous loss of Ca into urine, faces and milk, however, were only slightly
      higher. 3. In consequence, the net retention of Ca was increased and the loss of
      skeletal reserves of Ca normally associated with peak lactation, prevented. 4.
      Although the rate of bone accretion increased slightly, the increase in skeletal
      retention of Ca resulted mainly from a decrease in the rate of bone resorption.
      5. This finding conflicts with the generally held belief that bone resorption is
      increased by cholecalciferol treatment. 6. The rates of apparent absorption and
      retention of P were increased by the treatment probably as a result of a direct
      effect of the 1 alpha-OH-D3 on P absorption. 7. These results provide a possible
      explanationof the beneficial effect of 1 alpha-OH-D3 in preventing parturient
      paresis  (milk fever) in the dairy cow.

PMID- 698177
TI  - Metabolism of dietary fibre components in man assessed by breath hydrogen and
      methane.
AB  - 1. Breath hydrogen and methane were measured in eight normal individuals after
      acute and separate administration of different chemical components of dietary
      fibre. 2. Hemicellulose, raffinose and lactulose increased H2 production, while
      cellulose pectin and lignin did not. Methane production was found to be
      individual and unaffected by any of the substances. Differences in physical
      properties of the same chemical appear to have no influences on H2 and CH4
      production.

PMID- 698178
TI  - Urinary excretion of aflatoxin M1 after administration of aflatoxin B1 in sucrose
      or starch-rich diets.
AB  - 1. Male Sprague--Dawley rats were given 630 g/kg sucrose or starch with 2 mg/kg
      aflatoxin b1 for periods of 75, 145 and 200 d, and the 24 h urinary excretion of
      aflatoxin M1 was measured. 2. Less aflatoxin M1 was excreted by the rats fed on
      the sucrose-rich diet compared to those fed on the starch-rich diet. This
      difference was especially marked when expressed per g metabolizing tissue. 3. It
      is concluded that sucrose probably decreases the activity of aflatoxin B1
      metabolism in a similar way to its previously found effect on the drug
      metabolizing enzyme.

PMID- 698179
TI  - Purification and characterization of cytoplasmic thioltransferase
      (glutathione:disulfide oxidoreductase) from rat liver.
AB  - An enzyme catalyzing thiol-disulfide interchange of glutathione and disulfides
      and the reaction between glutathione and thiosulfate esters has been purified 40
      000-fold from rat liver cytosol. The enzyme, named thioltransferase (Askelof, P.,
      Axelsson, K., Eriksson, S., & Mannervik, B. (1974) FEBS Lett. 38, 263--267), was
      homogeneous in several electrophoretic systems, had an isoelectric point at pH
      9.6, and contained 8.6% (w/w) carbohydrate. The catalytic activity had a distinct
      optimum at pH 7.5. A series of substrates was tested at a constant glutathione
      level; the kcat values (at 4mM glutathione) were all in the range of about 10(4)
      min-1. The substrates included mixed disulfides of glutathione, other low
      molecular-weight disulfides, S-sulfocysteine and S-sulfoglutathione, and peptide
      disulfides such as insulin, oxytocin, ribonuclease, and the mixed disulfide of
      glutathione and egg-white lysozyme. The enzymatic reaction was inhibited by an
      excess of glutathione (greater than 4mM).

PMID- 698180
TI  - Hydroxylamine oxidoreductase from Nitrosomonas: absorption spectra and content of
      heme and metal.

PMID- 698181
TI  - Human kidney alanine aminopeptidase: physical and kinetic properties of a sialic
      acid containing glycoprotein.
AB  - Human kidney alanine aminopeptidase has been purified to apparent homogeneity as
      judged by electrophoresis and sedimentation in the analytical ultracentrifuge.
      Amino acid analyses indicate that the enzyme is high in tryptophan content and
      low in cysteine content. The enzyme contains sialic acid, hexoses, and
      glucosamine, which make up 21% of its dry weight. In dilute buffer, the enzyme
      exhibits a molecular weight near 236 000, but in denaturing solvents the enzyme
      exhibits a molecular weight near 119 500. Zinc analyses by atomic absorption
      demonstrate 1 mol of zinc for 113 500 +/- 6900 g of protein. The zinc is firmly
      bound, since exhaustive dialysis against chelating agents does not remove the
      zinc or inactivate the enzyme. The enzyme is stimulated by Co2+ 1.65-fold, but,
      in contrast to the enzyme-zinc complex, the enzyme-cobalt complex dissociates
      upon dialysis. Kinetic studies with a series of aminoacyl-beta-napthylamides
      indicated that the highest kcat value was obtained for L-alanyl-beta
      naphthylamide (8.43 X 10(3)s-1), whereas the lowest Km value was obtained for L
      methionyl-beta-naphthylamide (1.4 X 10(-5) M).

PMID- 698182
TI  - Coupling of aspartate and serine transport to the transmembrane electrochemical
      gradient for sodium ions in Halobacterium halobium. Translocation stoichiometries
      and apparent cooperativity.

PMID- 698183
TI  - Lateral diffusion in phospholipid bilayer membranes and multilamellar liquid
      crystals.
AB  - The lateral-diffusion coefficients (D) of a fluorescent lipid analogue, 3,3'
      dioctadecylindotricarbocyanine (diI), have been measured in black lipid membranes
      (BLMs), in large (20--50-micron diameter) solvent-free bilayer and multilayer
      membrane vesicles, and in multilamellar liquid crystals of
      dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine, and egg lecithin.
      They show that D changes by several orders of magnitude at the liquid-crystal
      transformations of the solvent-free bilayers and multilayer. In all BLMs, D
      approximately 10(-7)cm2/s with only weak temperature dependence even near the
      putative phase-transformation temperatures, Tt. In the corresponding liquid
      crystals and large vesicles, D approximately  10(-8)cm2/s above Tt, decreasing by
      about two orders of magnitude to D approximately 10(-10)cm2/s below Tt. The
      changes of D in bilayer vesicles suggest that the expected liquid-crystal phase
      transitions from smectic A to a higher ordered state do persist in isolated
      bilayers. Retained solvent in black lipid membranes formed by both Mueller--Rudin
      and Montal--Mueller methods appears to enhance lateral diffusion. A simple method
      of forming small numbers of large solvent-free vesicles is described.

PMID- 698184
TI  - Biosynthesis of the antibiotic 2,5-dihydrophenylalanine by Streptomyces arenae.
AB  - The biosynthesis of L-2,5-dihydrophenylalanine (DHPA) in Streptomyces arenae
      strain Tu 109 was studied in tracer experiments with [U-14C]- and [1,6
      14C]shikimic acid followed by chemical degradation of the labeled product. The
      results indicate that shikimic acid (II) provides only the ring carbons of DHPA,
      that the side chain of DHPA is attached at the carbon derived from C-1 of II, and
      that in the transformation of II into DHPA the asymmetry of the ring of II is
      preserved, with C-6 of II giving rise to C-6' of DHPA. Both generally 14C-labeled
      chorismate and prephenate, but not L-[3-14C]serine, are incorporated into DHPA.
      By preparing and feeding 5,6-dihydro[4-3H]prephenate it was shown that this
      compound is not an intermediate in the biosynthesis of DHPA. A reaction sequence
      is proposed for the conversion of prephenate to DHPA, involving an allylic
      rearrangement, followed by 1,4 reduction of the resulting conjugated diene and a
      combined decarboxylation/dehydration.

PMID- 698185
TI  - Effect of hydroxyl radical scavengers on microsomal oxidation of alcohols and on
      associated microsomal reactions.

PMID- 698186
TI  - Iron exchange between ferritin and transferrin in vitro.
AB  - The transfer of iron between horse spleen [55Fe]ferritin and human apotransferrin
      or [59Fe]transferrin in homogeneous solution was investigated. Transfer between
      the two proteins in the presence of citrate, ATP, or ascorbate occurs in both
      direction, but the net flow is always from ferritin to transferrin. Ferritin
      which is ca. 1/3 to 1/2 saturated with iron appears to be most reactive.
      Chemically prepared apoferritin does not accept iron from diferric transferrin.
      Citrate-mediated transfer of iron from ferritin to apotransferrin is first order
      with respect to ferritin, zero order with respect to transferrin, and has a
      complex dependence upon citrate concentration. Direct transfer of iron from
      native or reconstituted ferritin to apotransferrin in the absence of any
      identifiable mediating agent was observed to occur at about half the rate
      attained in the presence of 1 mM citrate. No transfer of iron between the two
      proteins occurs across a dialysis membrane in the absence of a mediating agent.
      No binding of transferrin and ferritin to each other was demonstrable. One
      possible explanation for these observations is that iron from the core of
      ferritin is in equilibrium with iron near the outer surface of the protein, where
      the metal would be available to transferrin.

PMID- 698187
TI  - Hemocyanin from the Australian freshwater crayfish Cherax destructor.
      Characterization of a dimeric subunit and its involvement in the formation of the
      25S component.
AB  - The molecular weight of a dimeric subunit, M3', isolated from Cherax destructor
      hemocyanin has been measured by sedimentation equilibrium to be 144 000. Peptide
      mapping and end-group analysis together with gel electrophoresis show that the
      dimer consists of two very similar or identical monomers, cross-linked by
      disulfide bridges. Dissociation of the 25S component of the hemocyanin shows that
      it contains the dimer and two previously identified monomers, M1 and M2. Its
      molecular weight is 900 000 by sedimentation equilibrium, and reconstitution
      studies show that the dimer is essential for its formation. Analysis of the
      results of polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis experiments with the 25S
      component indicates that it consists of a population of 11 compositional isomers.
      These all contain one dimeric subunit and ten monomeric subunits, the latter
      being present in all the combinations of M1 and M2.

PMID- 698188
TI  - Immunoglobulin genes in DNA restriction fragments.
AB  - We have investigated the organization of immunoglobulin genes in mice. High
      molecular weight DNA from myelomas and Krebs ascites cells was cleaved with EcoRI
      restriction endonuclease and fractionated using preparative agarose gel
      electrophoresis. Each fraction was then hybridized to an immunoglobulin mRNA or a
      cDNA transcribed from the mRNA. In two series of experiments, one with a kappa
      chain probe (MOPC 41 mRNA), the other with a lambda chain probe (SAPC 178 mRNA),
      we analyzed a variety of myeloma DNAs and Krebs DNA. In contrast to previously
      reported findings (Tonegawa, S., et al. (1976) Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant.
      Biol. 41, 877), we did not observe any unique restriction map pattern in the DNA
      from cells which exress a given immunoglobulin gene. We also found that
      restriction fragments containing c region genes do not appear to transpose, while
      DNA sequences corresponding to other portions of the kappa and lambda mRNAs do in
      some cases.

PMID- 698189
TI  - Biochemistry of terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase: mechanism of inhibition by
      adenosine 5'-triphosphate.
AB  - The polymerization of deoxyribunucleoside triphosphate catalyzed by terminal
      deoxyribonucleotidyltransferase (TdT, EC 2.7.7.31) is severely inhibited by the
      addition of ribonucleoside triphosphates, ATP being the most potent inhibitor.
      Examination of the inhibitory effect of ATP using oligo(dA)12-18 as well as
      activated DNA as primers revealed that (a) ATP inhibition is not due to its
      addition onto a 3'-OH primer terminus ad judged by the lack of incorporation of
      labeled ATP, although under similar conditions incorporation of GTP can be
      demonstrated, (b) a consistent degree of inhibition was noted independent of
      primer or enzyme concentration; (c) addition of ATP to an ongoing reaction
      promptly reduces the rate of polymerization; (d) kinetic studies indicate a
      competitive (with respect to substrate deoxy triphosphate) pattern of inhibition;
      (e) addition of excess deoxyribotriphosphate promptly relieves the inhibition.
      Unlike ATP, other ribotriphosphates yield a mixed pattern of inhibition partly
      mediated by competitive mechanisms. GTP and CTP and to a minor extent UTP are
      incorporated into DNA in the presence or absence of deoxy triphosphate.
      Furthermore, addition of ATP also inhibits incorporation of GTP and CTP.

PMID- 698190
TI  - Molecular basis of reduced albumin synthesis in Morris hepatoma 7777.
AB  - The level of albumin mRNA in the normal Buffalo rat liver and Morris hepatoma
      7777 was compared by molecular hybridization with albumin complementary DNA
      (cDNA) and translational assays. Albumin mRNA was found to be 10% of the total
      rat liver poly(A)-containing RNA population but reduced approximately fourfold in
      the case of Morris hepatoma 7777. An equivalent decrease of albumin mRNA activity
      in the hepatoma was detected by translation in a mRNA-dependent cell-free protein
      synthesizing system. A proportional increase in total hepatoma poly(A)-containing
      RNA was not observed, indicating that there was a true fourfold reduction of
      albumin synthesis in the hepatoma. DNA excess hybridization with albumin cDNA did
      not reveal any apparent change in albumin gene frequency in the hepatoma compared
      to normal liver. Complementary DNA copies of total liver and hepatoma poly(A)
      containing RNA were synthesized and employed in homologous and heterologous
      hybridization reactions. Analyses of these reactions showed a high degree of
      homology between the poly(A)-containing RNA of the liver and hepatoma, with some
      difference in the relative sequence abundancy. However, qualitative differences
      were detected in hepatoma 7777 consistent with the concept of alterations in the
      control of gene expression upon neoplastic transformation.

PMID- 698191
TI  - Light-induced free-radical reactions of nucleic acid constituents. Effect of
      sequence and base--base interactions on the reactivity of purines and pyrimidines
      in ribonucleotides.
AB  - The reaction with 2-propanol of purines and pyrimidines, induced photochemically
      with light of lambda greater than 300 nm and di-tert-butyl peroxide as an
      initiator, was applied to a variety of adenosine-, guanosine-, and uridine
      containing ribonucleotides in order to determine the rules which govern the
      reactivity of the heterocyclic bases of nucleotides. The reactivity of the purine
      moieties was found to depend on the conformation of the appropriate nucleotide
      (anti or syn) and on the site of binding of the phosphate group to the ribose
      moiety. Adenosine moieties (assuming an anti conformation) blocked at their 3'
      hydroxyl reacted faster than those blocked at their 5'-hydroxyl. The reactivity
      of the guanosine moieties (tending to assume a syn conformation) was independent
      of the site of binding of the phosphate. The uridine moieties of the various
      nucleotides exhibited a wide range of reactivity. A correlation between the
      reactivity of the uridines and their involvement in stacking interactions with
      next- and second-neighboring purines could be made. Thus, the uridine moieties of
      U-U-U, G-U, U-G, A-U-A, and A-U-G were reactive, while those of A-U and A-U-U
      were unreactive. The relative reactivity of uridine moieties of nucleotides can,
      therefore, be used as a measure of the extent of pyrimidine-purine stacking and
      vice versa.

PMID- 698192
TI  - Measurement of repulsive forces between charged phospholipid bilayers.
AB  - By using an osmotic stress technique (LeNeveu, D. M., et al. (1977) Biophys. J.
      18, 209), we have measured the net repulsive force between egg lecithin bilayers
      containing various amounts of the charged lipids phosphatidylglycerol and
      phosphatidylinositol. At bilayer separations greater than about 30 A, the
      repulsion is dominated by electrostatic forces; its variation with both bilayer
      separation and charge density is well described qualitatively by simple
      electrostatic double-layer theory. Quantitative agreement requires, however, that
      only about 50% of the phosphatidylglycerol polar groups be dissociated. At all
      charge densities, even for pure phosphatidylglycerol, and at bilayer separations
      less than about 30 A, the repulsion is dominated not by the electrostatic force
      but by a strong "hydration force" (LeNeveu, D. M., et al. (1977) Biophys. J. 18,
      209). We conclude that the hydration force demands more attention than it has
      enjoyed hitherto in attempts to understand bilayer membrane interaction and
      fusion.

PMID- 698193
TI  - Complete amino acid sequence of the major component myoglobin from the humpback
      whale, Megaptera novaeangliae.
AB  - The complete primary structure of the major component myoglobin from the humpback
      whale, Megaptera  novaeangliae, was determined by specific cleavage of the
      protein to obtain large peptides which are readily degraded by the automatic
      sequencer. Over 80% of the amino acid sequence was established from the three
      peptides resulting from the cleavage of the acetimidated apomyoglobin at the
      three arginine residues with trypsin. The further digestion of the central
      cyanogen bromide peptide with trypsin and S. aureus strain V8 protease enabled
      the determination of the remainder of the covalent structure. This myoglobin
      differs from that of sperm whale, Physeter catodon, at 12 positions, and dwarf
      sperm whale, Kogia simus, at 14 positions, finback whale Balaenoptera physalus at
      3 positions, minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata at 2 positions, and
      California gray whal Eschrichtius gibbosus, at 1 position. All of the
      substitutions observed in this sequence fit readily into the three-dimensional
      structure of sperm whale myoglobin.

PMID- 698194
TI  - Energy utilization and RNA transport: their interdependence.
AB  - The interdependence of RNA transport and the metabolism of nucleotide additives
      was investigated. Rat-liver RNA was radioactively labeled in vivo for 45 min
      before isolation of liver nuclei, and the concentration dependence of RNA
      transport on nucleotide additives was determined. In a parrallel investigation,
      using nucleotide additives labeled in the base moiety, the distributions of label
      in the tri-, di-, and monophosphate forms were examined after various intervals
      of incubation. Analysis of results revealed that RNA transport was linearly
      related to the decline in energy charge of nucleotide additives, whith high
      statistical correlation. Kinetic analysis of labeled-nucleotide metabolism led to
      a simple schematic model for pathways for the utilization of high-energy
      phosphate bonds, and predictions of the scheme were confirmed by studies
      examining the effects of nucleotide analogues upon RNA transport. Data concerning
      inhibitors and chelators intimated that multiple avenues of inhibition and
      stimulation may potentially influence RNA transport. On the basis of previous
      data and the results presented in this communication, we conclude that
      nucleocytoplasmic RNA transport is dependent upon high-energy phosphate-bond
      hydrolysis and that nucleotides do not stimulate RNA transport via a simple
      chelation mechanism.

PMID- 698195
TI  - Detection and characterization of the intermediate on the folding pathway of
      human alpha-lactalbumin.
AB  - To discuss the relation between the folding mechanism and the chemical structure
      of proteins, the reversible unfolding reactions of human alpha-lactalbumin by
      acidification and by guanidine hydrochloride at 25 degrees C are studied by means
      of circular dichroism, difference spectra and pH-jump measurements and are
      compared with those for bovine alpha-lactalbumin. As shown previously for bovine
      alpha-lactalbumin, the folding process at neutral pH is not explained by a simple
      two-state mechanism but involves an intermediate form that has the same amount of
      helical structures as the native form. The transition between the intermediate
      and the fully denatured states is too rapid to be measured and corresponds to the
      helix-coil transition of the backbone. One of the differences of human alpha
      lactalbumin from the bovine protein is the remarkable stability of the
      intermediate at neutral pH, which can be explained by differences in the primary
      chemical structure. Another difference is the existence at acid pH of an
      additional helical form, which is more helical than the native form. The
      transition from this to the intermediate or to the fully denatured one also is
      shown to resemble the helix-coil transition. The following folding scheme of
      human alpha-lactalbumin is proposed: formula: (see text). Here N is the native
      form, and the intermediate is a macroscopic state distributed around the state A3
      at neutral pH, while the distribution in the acid and fully denautured states
      shifts toward Am and A-n, respectively.

PMID- 698196
TI  - Liposomes from ionic, single-chain amphiphiles.
AB  - In studies of the minimum physiochemical requirements for lipid membrane
      formation, we have made liposomes from dilute, aqueous dispersions of C(8)-C(18)
      single-chain amphiphiles. In general, membrane formation from ionic soaps and
      detergents requires the presence of uncharged amphiphiles. Vesicles were
      characterized by phase-contrast microscopy, by trapping of ionic dyes, as well as
      by negativestain and freez-frature electron microscopy. They were typically
      heterogeneous in size, but the average diameter could be experimentally varied in
      some cases over the range of 1 to 100 micrometer. Uni-, oligo-, and multilamellar
      vesicles were observed. Membrane permeability to various solutes was determined
      in part by a new technique which utilized phase-contract microscopy; when
      impermeable vesciles exclude added solutes such as sucrose, refractive index
      differences are created between vesicle contents and surrounding medium, so that
      the vesicles appear bright in the phase microscope. Permeant solutes do not
      produce this effect. Spectrophotometric permeability determinations confirmed the
      results of this technique and provided quantitative measures of permeability.
      Monoalkyl liposomes have potential uses as models of biomembranes and in drug
      delivery. They are also relevant to the prebiotic origin of biomembranes.

PMID- 698197
TI  - Conformation of the mushroom toxin beta-amanitin in the crystalline state.
AB  - A single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of beta-amanitin, a bicyclic
      octapeptide toxin isolated from the poisonous mushroom Amanita phalloides, shows
      that the molecule has distinct regions of hydrophilic and hydrophobic residues
      and two 18-membered rings. The study confirms the proposed chemical sequence and
      the configuration of the residues. All eight peptide groups are in the trans
      conformation. Four intramolecular hydrogen bonds, two strong and two weak, occur
      in the structure. The toxin cocrystallizes with seven water and three ethanol
      molecules and participates in an extensive hydrogen-bonding network. The crystal
      structure was solved by direct methods. The space group is P2(1)2(1)2(1), and
      unit cell dimensions are a = 14.004(3), b = 14.943(3), and c = 30.794(7) A.

PMID- 698198
TI  - Coupling of a single adenylate cyclase to two receptors: adenosine and
      catecholamine.
AB  - A detailed kinetic analysis on the rate of activation of adenylate cyclase by 1
      epinephrine and by adenosine, separately and combined, was performed. Both
      ligands were found to induce the activation of adenylate cyclase to its
      permanently active state in the presence of guanylyl imidodiphosphate (GppNHp).
      The activation followed strictly first-order kinetics. On the basis of these
      experiments, it was found that all of the enzyme pool can be activated by the
      beta-adrenergic receptor, but only 60 to 70% of the enzyme can also be activated
      by an adenosine receptor. The remaining 30 to 40% cannot be activated by
      adenosine. While previous experiments have led us to conclude that the
      epinephrine receptor is uncoupled from the adenylate cyclase, it seems that the
      adenosine receptor is either precoupled to the enzyme or forms a long-lived
      intermediate of adenosing-receptor-enzyme complex. From the pattern of enzyme
      activation by the two ligands and GppNHp, it may be concluded that the two
      ligands, adenosine and the beta-agonist, activate the adenylate cyclase through a
      common guanyl nucleotide regulatory site. This assertion is supported by the
      finding that both adenosine and 1-epinephrine, in the presence of GTP, induce the
      reversal of the permanently active state, irrespective by which pathway the
      enzyme was activated.

PMID- 698200
TI  - Glycosaminoglycans and glycoproteins associated with microsomal subfractions of
      brain and liver.

PMID- 698199
TI  - Characterization of calcium-binding sites of the purified acetylcholine receptor
      and identification of the calcium-binding subunit.

PMID- 698201
TI  - Structural features of microsomal, synaptosomal, mitochondrial, and soluble
      glycoproteins of brain.

PMID- 698202
TI  - Nitrogen-15 and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance of reduced flavins.
      Comparative study with oxidized flavins.
AB  - Nitrogen-15 and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of the fully reduced
      form of flavin were studied with riboflavin tetrabutyrate (RBUT), an organic
      solvent-soluble derivative of riboflavin. For the measurement of 15N resonances,
      99% enriched [1,3-15N]RBUT and [1,3,5-15N]RBUT wwere synthesized. In order to
      assign the 13C resonances, 90% enriched [2-13C]RBUT, [4a-13C]RBUT, [4,10a
      13C]RBUT, and [8-2H3]RBUT were employed. The upfield shift of N(5) resonance upon
      reduction was remarkable (286 ppm), while the N(1) signal moved only by 79 ppm.
      The one-bond 15N-H spin-spin coupling constant 1J[15N(5)-H] of the reduced RBUT
      was smaller than its 1J[15N(1)-H] and 1J[15N(3)-H]. These observations indicate
      that N(5) changed into sp3 hybridization upon reduction and lost the character of
      planar nitrogen. Most of the 13C nuclei of the reduced form resonated at higher
      field than did those of the oxidized form, which is well explained by the
      increase in pi-electron densities. Among the 13C resonances, the upfield shift of
      C(4a) was remarkable (32 ppm), which explains the reactivity of C(4a) in oxygen
      flavoprotein complexation. 13C--15N spin-spin coupling constants were obtained
      from the measurements of 13C magnetic resonance of 15N-enriched RBUT. The values
      of the one-bond 13C--15N coupling constants increased markedly with protonation
      at N(1) and N(5) upon reduction.

PMID- 698203
TI  - Fluorotyrosine M13 coat protein: fluorine-19 nuclear magnetic resonance study of
      the motional properties of an integral membrane protein in phospholipid vesicles.
AB  - We have prepared in vivo a fluorotyrosyl derivative of M13 coat protein and have
      incorporated it at high levels in small phospholipid vesicles, using a urea
      cholate dialysis procedure. 19F nuclear magnetic resonance experiments at 254 MHz
      with this system indicate a T1 of 0.32 s and line width of 300 Hz. The observed
      line width increases dramatically below the gel to liquid-crystalline transition
      temperature for the lipid, indicating that the probe is sensitive to the phase
      state of the bilayer. Neclear Overhauser enhancement and field dependence of line
      width were used to establish the relative contributions of dipolar interactions
      and chemical-shift anisotropy to the observed T1 and line width. From this
      relaxation data, we have constructeda model for the motional properties of the
      protein in the lipid bilayer. This model is characterized by correlation times
      for rotation about the alphabeta and betagamma bonds of the two tyrosyl residues
      of 2 x 10(-8) and k x 10(-9) s, respectively. Rapid intermolecular dipole-dipole
      interactions are required to account for theestimated dipolar contribution to T1.
      A reasonable model for these interactions is that lipid methylene protons are
      involved in relaxation of the fluorine probes (which reside in the hydrophobic
      region of this integral membrane protein). We estimate a minimum translational
      diffusion coefficient for such lipids of D greater than 3 x 10(-9) cm2/s.

PMID- 698204
TI  - Relation between structure and specificity of antibodies: nuclear magnetic
      resonance study of binding fluorine-19 labeled nitrophenyl haptens to myeloma
      immunoglobulins M315, M460, and X25.
AB  - The relation between structure and specificity of antibodies has been explored by
      19F NMR studies of the binding of trifluoromethyl analogues of nitrophenyl
      haptens to the three mouse myeloma immunoglobulins M315, M460, and X25. We have
      used haptens with trifluoromethyl groups located at the ortho or para positions
      of the phenyl ring or attached to the side chain, two atoms removed from the ring
      (i.e.,-NHCH2CF3). The changes in chemical shift between hapten free in solution
      and bound to antibody are sensitive to microenvironment and range from 1.7-ppm
      downfield to 1-ppm upfield. The shifts of p-trifluoromethylnitrophenyl haptens
      bound to M315 and M460 are both large downfield shifts, which are likely caused
      by van der Waals interaction and ring-current effects, particularly from tyrosine
      34(L); these haptens do not show similar shifts when bound to X25 which has a
      deletion of tyrosine34(L). Other differences in the binding of the aromatic rings
      of haptens by M315, M460, and X25 are observed and their origins considered. The
      importance of hydrogen bonding in the thermodynamic affinity of antibody for
      hapten has been estimated by comparisons of binding affinities for haptens with
      trifluoromethyl groups in place of nitro groups.

PMID- 698205
TI  - Further characterization of calcium-accumulating vesicles from human blood
      platelets.
AB  - Human blood platelets are capable of removing Ca2+ from the cytoplasm by means of
      an active, ATP-dependent and cyclic AMP-stimulated transport system. Calcium
      accumulating vesicles are obtained by sonicating platelets. On density gradient
      centrifugation, this activity is found in the heavier of two membrane fractions.
      Concentrated in this fraction are also the Ca2+-stimulated Mg2+-ATPase and
      glucose-6-phosphatase, believed to be a marker for internal membrane systems.
      When the isolated vesicles are loaded with Ca2+, a third band separates from the
      two vesicular fractions in the density gradient. This band C contains virtually
      all the Ca2+-accumulating activity. Evidence that this activity is due to an
      active uptake and not to surface binding or adsorption is presented. Whereas
      electron microscopy does not reveal striking differences between active and
      inactive fractions, differences in protein composition are revealed by sodium
      dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Furthermore, this band
      contains an enzyme system which converts arachidonic acid to malondialdehyde and
      therefore this fraction must be the site of prostaglandin synthesis. Membranes
      prepared by loading platelets with glycerol, followed by osmotic lysis are unable
      to accumulate calcium. In sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis such membranes show significant differences in their protein
      pattern as compared to the actively Ca2+-accumulating vesicular membranes of band
      C. All preparations with Ca2+-accumulating activity also contain markers for
      plasma membranes and the question whether this activity is due exclusively to an
      intracellular structural element equivalent to the sarcoplasmic reticulum of
      muscle or whether an "extrusion pump" expelling Ca2+ to the outside of the cell
      is also involved, cannot yet be ;nswered.

PMID- 698206
TI  - Binding of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase to phospholipid liposomes.
AB  - The binding of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase prepared from rabbit
      muscle to phospholipid model membranes (liposomes) as a function of pH, ionic
      strength, and the influence of the binding on specific activity of the enzyme was
      studied. The binding decreases the specific activity of the enzyme. The binding
      was studied by the method of association of the enzyme with liposomes during
      centrifugation. The existence of a dominant interaction of electrostatic
      character was found.

PMID- 698207
TI  - Incorporation of galactose from UDP-galactose into microsomal and Golgi membranes
      of rat liver.
AB  - Rough and smooth microsomes and Golgi membranes were incubated with
      UDP[14C]galactose and the incorporation of radioactivity into the lipid extract
      and into endogenous protein acceptors were measured. Antagonistic
      pyrophosphatases were inhibited with ATP and interference from beta-galactosidase
      activity was greatly decreased by carrying out the incubation at pH 7.8. After
      incubation the particles were centrifuged to remove free oligosaccharide
      residues. Radioactivity was found in the lipid extract from Golgi membranes but
      not from rough and smooth microsomes. This radioactivity, however, was not
      associated with dolichol or retinyl phosphates. The incorporation of
      radioactivity into proteins of the Golgi fraction was more than double than that
      of the microsomal fractions. In addition, the transferases in these two types of
      particles exhibited different properties. Trypsin treatment of intact rough
      microsomal vesicles, smooth vesicles and Golgi membranes removed about 5, 15 and
      50%, respectively, of newly incorporated protein-bound galactose, indicating that
      the proportion of the newly galactosylated proteins, which are localized at the
      cytoplasmic surface of the membrane, is lowest in rough microsomes, intermediate
      in smooth, and highest in Golgi membranes.

PMID- 698208
TI  - Incorporation of N-acetylglucosamine from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine into proteins
      and lipid intermediates in microsomal and Golgi membranes from rat liver.
AB  - Rough and smooth microsomes and Golgi membranes incorporate N-acetylglucosamine
      from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine into endogenous protein acceptors. A lipid
      intermediate of the dolichol phosphate type participates in this transfer
      reaction in the case of both microsomal subfractions, but the nature of lipid
      glycosylation is different in these two fractions. Glucosamine transfer in Golgi
      membranes does not appear to involve a lipid intermediate. In contrast to the
      results obtained under in vivo conditions, no glucosamine label is recovered in
      nascent ribosomal proteins or on luminal secretory proteins after incubation in
      vitro. Proteolysis of intact vesicles of the subfractions removes glycosylated
      dolichol phosphate and protein acceptors to various extents and interferes with
      transferase activities. This finding suggests the possiblity that glycosylation
      at the cytoplasmic side of the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum may involve
      a system separate from that acting at the luminal side of the same membrane.

PMID- 698209
TI  - Fatty acid requirements and temperature dependence of monooxygenase activity in
      rat liver microsomes.
AB  - The effect of variation in the microsomal membrane fatty acid composition on
      Arrhenius plot phase transition temperatures for p-nitroanisole O-demethylation
      and benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylation has been investigated. In liver microsomes from
      normal-dieted rats, p-nitroanisole O-demethylase activity has a break temperature
      at 24 degrees C, while that of benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase occurs at 29 degrees C
      indicating that these two enzymes may exist in different patches of membrane. The
      microsomal membrane fatty acid composition was altered by starving rats for 48 h
      and then refeeding them a fat-free diet for 4 or 5 days. In microsomes having
      diet-altered fatty acid compositions, benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase has a break
      temperature at 33 degrees C, a value higher than that observed in normal-dieted
      rats. This observation correlates with the increase in saturation observed in the
      diet-altered fatty acid composition and thus may correspond to a phase transition
      roughly dependent on the fatty acid melting point. Induced and basal levels of
      cytochrome P-450 and P-448 in animals having different microsomal fatty acid
      composition are reported. Phenobarbital-induced levels of p-nitroanisole O
      demethylase in normal microsomes were six times higher than those in microsomes
      having diet-altered composition, whereas 3-methylcholanthrene-induced levels of
      benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase were similar regardless of diet. The low level of p
      nitroanisole O-demethylase activity in membranes with altered fatty acid
      compositions suggests that a particular type(s) of fatty acid was not present in
      sufficient quantity to permit the induction of maximal enzyme activity. Since the
      induced benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase activity was the same regardless of diet,
      there was presumably sufficient quantities of the appropriate fatty acids present
      in the membrane for induction of this activity. Therefore, particular fatty acids
      may be necessary for the induction of maximal activity of particular enzymes in
      the mixed function monooxygenase system.

PMID- 698210
TI  - The preparation of large single bilayer liposomes by a fast and controlled
      dialysis.
AB  - A new method is described for the preparation of large, homogeneously sized,
      single bilayer phospholipid vesicles. This method, based on a fast and controlled
      dialysis of sodium cholate from phosphatidylcholine/cholate mixed micelles, has
      the advantage of high yield of homogeneous vesicles avoiding any dilution and
      mechanical stress during preparation. Physicochemical properties of these
      vesicles are examined by several techniques and compared with those prepared with
      other methods.

PMID- 698211
TI  - A cationic hydroxysuccinimide ester. A reagent for labeling exterior membrane
      proteins.
AB  - 3/-labeled N,N,N,trimethylamino-beta-alanyl-N-hydroxysuccinimido ester
      ([3H]TMAS), a new cationic membrane reagent, was synthesized. TMAS was shown to
      be impermeant through human erythrocyte membranes. Under mild physiological
      conditions TMAS reacted primarily with amino groups of the membrane proteins and
      lipids. The pattern of erythrocyte proteins labeled with [3H]TMAS was examined by
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions. Externally
      oriented labeling of intact erythrocytes revealed a major radioactive protein
      with an apparent molecular weight of 90,000. By labeling ghost preparations with
      [3H]TMAS the radioactivity incorporated into all the major Coomassie Brilliant
      Blue bands resolved by gel electrophoresis. The agreement between the results
      obtained with anionic and cationic amino reactive probes indicates that the ionic
      character of the reagent has a minor effect on the pattern of labeled exterior
      polypeptides observed in erythrocytes.

PMID- 698212
TI  - The synergism of cardiotoxin and phospholipase A2 in hemolysis.
AB  - The synergistic effect of exogenous cobra phospholipase A2 on the hemolysis brate
      of guinea pig erythrocytes by highly purified snake venom cardiotoxins was
      investigated. In the presence of phospholipase A2 the reaction was not only
      faster and had a lower activation energy but followed a sigmoidal instead of a
      linear time course. Similar results were obtained using porcine pancreatic
      phospholipase A2. Significantly, addition of even a trace of cobra phospholipase
      A2 (approx. 0.1%, w/w) was sufficient to bring about the full synergistic effect,
      emphasizing the stringent purity requirements for any meaningful investigation of
      cardiotoxin's own action. The possibility that the action of cardiotoxin on its
      own may involve the stimulation of an endogenous phospholipase is discussed in
      the light of the results obtained with exogenous cobra enzyme.

PMID- 698213
TI  - Kinetics of the absorption of amino acids by the rat intestine in vivo.
AB  - The kinetics of L-phenylalanine and L-lysine absorption by the rat small
      intestine in vivo have been studied by perfusing intestinal segments and
      monitoring simultaneously the uptake of the substrate into the intestinal tissue
      and its disappearance from the perfusate. The rate of phenylalanine disappearance
      is a linear function of the substrate concentration. Its uptake into the tissue
      is rapid and obeys saturation kinetics, but is not concentrative. Both tissue
      uptake and disappearance rate can be inhibited by leucine or methionine, but are
      not influenced by hydrophilic neutral or dibasic amino acids. Lysine
      disappearance from the perfusate and its uptake into the tissue both display
      saturation kinetics. Lysine transport is quantitatively smaller than that of
      phenylalanine. Both uptake and disappearance are inhibited by arginine and
      leucine, but are unaffected by other neutral amino acids or sugars. To analyse
      the kinetic results, integrated equations were developed to express the final
      concentration in the perfusate in terms of the original concentration. The
      disappearance rate was considered as a mixed process (saturable and non-saturable
      in parallel) in a one-compartment system, and the uptake by the tissue was
      treated as a two-compartment system in which the amino acid entered the cells by
      a mixed process but left them by a pure non-saturable mechanism. The results
      concerning disappearance from the lumen are compatible with the one-compartment
      model. Phenylalanine absorption can be described by a major non-saturable
      component and a minor saturable one, while lysine absorption occurs almost
      entirely by a saturable process. The two-compartment model does not adequately
      describe the tissue uptake results.

PMID- 698214
TI  - The basic asymmetry of Na+-dependent glycine transport in Ehrlich cells.
AB  - Influx and efflux of glycine have been examined as a function of external and
      internal Na+ concentrations, respectively, when : formula: (see text) = O. With :
      formula: (see text) = O it was found that at comparable external and cellular Na+
      levels, the Km for efflux was larger by an order of magnitude than the value for
      influx and the V for efflux was several times greater than the V for influx. For
      both fluxes the major effect of Na+ was to decrease the Km value. The
      observations are consistent with the conclusion that the Na+-dependent transport
      system is asymmetric per se. Influx and efflux of glycine were increased in a
      near linear manner by increasing the Na+ concentration from 13 to 100 mM, the
      half-time for glycine equilibration being a funcion of the Na+ concentration in
      absence of an electrochemical potential difference for Na+. In Na+-free media
      ([Na+] less than 5 mM) equilibration of glycine between cells and medium was not
      achieved after 60 min at 25 degrees C. With : formula: (see text) = O, efflux (or
      uptake) of glycine was not affected by internal (or external) K+ between 20 and
      120 mM suggesting that K+ plays no direct role in Na+-dependent transport of
      glycine in Ehrlich cells.

PMID- 698215
TI  - Effects of insulin on the uptake of D-galactose by isolated rat epididymal fat
      cells.
AB  - In muscle, insulin stimulates uptake of D-galactose as well as D-glucose and
      certain other sugar isomers (Kono, T. and Colowick, S.P. (1961) Arch. Biochem.
      Biophys. 93, 514--519). In fat cells, the hormone also stimulates uptake of D
      glucose and certain other monosaccharides. Nonetheless, the hormone does not
      increase the uptake, as determined by the utilization, of D-galactose by fat
      cells (Ball, E.G. and Cooper, O. (1960) J. Biol. Chem. 235, 584--588; Kuo, J.F.
      and Dill, I.K. (1969) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 177, 17--26). As pointed out by Ball
      and Cooper, this does not necessarily indicate that insulin has no effect on the
      membrane transport of D-galactose in fat cells. The possible effect of the
      hormone on transport may not be seen in the utilization data if the intracellular
      metabolism is considerably slower than the rate of transport and insensitive to
      insulin.

PMID- 698216
TI  - The susceptibility of cholesterol-depleted erythrocytes to saponin and sapogenin
      hemolysis.
AB  - The assumption that complex formation between erythrocyte membrane cholesterol
      and saponins or sapogenins is the cause for their hemolytic activity, was tested
      by measuring the susceptibility of cholesterol-depleted erythrocytes towards
      these hemolysins. For some of the hemolysins cholesterol depletion caused
      inhibition of hemolysis, for others an augmentation. The results suggest that
      cholesterol does not serve as a specific binding site for these hemolysins.

PMID- 698217
TI  - Involvement of glycoconjugates in insulin-receptor interactions. Studies in liver
      plasma membranes of control and diabetic mice.
AB  - The involvement of glycoconjugates in the insulin-receptor interactions in mouse
      liver is tested by digestions of membranes with various enzymes. Trypsin
      decreased the binding of [125I]insulin to liver membranes. After digestion with
      beta-galactosidase no ""high affinity'' receptor sites could be detected. The
      effects observed with plant lectins confirm the involvement of galactoconjugates
      in the insulin binding process. Sophora japonica and Ricinus communis lectins
      (with galactose specificity) and concanavalin A largely inhibit the binding
      process of insulin and those effects concern the ""high affinity'' receptor
      sites. Other lectins (wheat germ agglutinin, Dolichos) and enzymes (alpha-L
      fucosidase, beta-N-acetyl-hexosaminidase and neuraminidase) are without effect on
      insulin binding. Comparative studies performed on diabetic mouse liver membrane
      (KK mice), previously characterized by decreased number of insulin receptors, are
      in good agreement with qualitatively similar receptor sites in both non-diabetic
      (control) and diabetic mice. Effects of enzymes and lectins yielded same results
      as compared to control membranes. Plasma membrane proteins and glycoproteins in
      both types of mouse are indistinguishable with respect to enzymic and chemical
      analysis. Sodium dodecyl sulphate acrylamide gel electrophoresis shows identical
      patterns. Moreover, the decrease in the number of insulin receptors is easily
      reversed with diet restriction. These data are consistent with the similarity of
      receptor sites in control and diabetic liver membrane.

PMID- 698218
TI  - Non-isothermal potential of phospholipid bilayer films. Influence of cholesterol
      and macrocyclic carrier effects.
AB  - The effect of cholesterol on the ion selective behavior of phoshpolipid
      (phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylethanolamine) bilayer films is studied
      through the measurement of the membrane non-isothermal potential. It is shown how
      the mixed phosphatidylcholine-cholesterol membrane can be either cation of anion
      permselective according to the film composition (cationic behavior is met in the
      0--10% cholesterol composition range while anionic selectivity appears in the 20-
      50% range). On the contrary, mixed phosphatidylethanolamine-cholesterol membranes
      show the absence of ionic selectivity already met with pure
      phosphatidylethanolamine films. The presence of a cationic carrier as Dibenzo-18
      crown-6 in the film transforms all the studied films (cationic, anionic and no
      selective bilayers) into ideally cationic selective membranes. These results are
      discussed on the basis of the current ideas on the charge distribution through
      the bilayer membranes. Moreover, the role of the permeating ions as potential
      determining species is stressed.

PMID- 698219
TI  - Cholesterol-lipid interactions in membranes. The saturation concentration of
      cholesterol in bilayers of various lipids.
AB  - 1. The integration of cholesterol in a lipid bilayer can be visualized by changes
      in the fluorescence properties of the probe N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine (NPN). An
      increasing cholesterol content in the lipid phase corresponds to decreasing
      fluorescence intensity of NPN and a short wave shift of the emission spectrum. 2.
      Equilibrium constants for the partition of NPN between water and the various
      lipid phases are reported. An increasing cholesterol content in a bilayer
      decreases the solubility of NPN in the bilayer. 3. The saturation concentration
      of cholesterol in bilayers of various lipids prepared by ultrasonication is
      determined using the flourescence probe NPN. The maximal molar ratio of
      cholesterol : lipid is 2 : 1 for sphingomyelin or egg phosphatidylcholine and 1 :
      1 for cerebroside, dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine, or dipalmitoyl
      phosphatidylethanolamine. 4. The comparison of the maximal molar ratio of
      cholesterol : lipid with the number of proton donor and proton acceptor sites in
      the lipid moiety is used for a discussion of the polar interactions of
      cholesterol within a lipid bilayer.

PMID- 698220
TI  - Turbidity changes of lipid vesicles near the phase transition temperature as an
      indication of fusion.
AB  - Sonicated liposomes of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine show sharp turbidity
      changes on heating at two distinct temperatures. A decrease in turbidity at the
      lower temperature (approx. 37degrees C) is thought to be associated with the
      phase transition of small vesicles and a decrease at about 44 degrees C with
      larger vesicles or multilayer. An increase of turbidity between 38 and 43 degrees
      C is attributed to the fusion of small vesicles. The turbidity changes were
      studied under various modes of vesicle preparation to confirm the interpretation
      of the turbidity data. Alternate interpretations are discussed.

PMID- 698221
TI  - Local perturbation of the double helical DNA structure near single breaks.
AB  - The influences of DNA composition and solvent modification on the stability of
      the native DNA structure near a single break have been studied. The value of the
      magnification parameter h of the double helix breakdown probability in a
      haplotomic degradation process is used as an index of the perturbation range.
      Methodological and technical details are discussed and comments are made on
      previously reported data on the h value. From this study it may be concluded that
      the width of the perturbation zone next to a nick is influenced by solvent
      induced changes in the general stability of the native DNA molecule, and by
      compositional-dependent local interactions. Our results point to entropic effects
      as the more important contributions to stability perturbation near a
      discontinuity in the native DNA molecule.

PMID- 698222
TI  - Analysis of plant genomes. III. Denaturation and reassociation properties of
      cryptic satellite DNAs in barley (Hordeum vulgare) and wheat (Triticum aestivum).
AB  - A cryptic satellite fraction was isolated from barley and wheat by preparatory
      ultracentrifugation of total DNA in Ag+-Cs2SO4 density gradients and was
      characterized by studying its denaturation-reassociation properties. Wheat
      satellite DNA underwent thermal denaturation as a single component with a Tm of
      81 degrees C while barley satellite DNA consisted of one major (Tm = 82.5 degrees
      C) and one minor (Tm = 91 degrees C) component. When the barley and wheat
      satellites were reassociated and then melted, the Tm values were found to be 6--7
      degrees C lower than those of the corresponding native DNA preparations.
      Examination of the C0t curves of these two satellite DNAs revealed the presence
      of a major, fast reassociating and a minor, slow reassociating fraction. The fast
      reassociating DNA fraction of barley was found to have a complexity of 9.7 .
      10(5) daltons while that of wheat satellite was 5.8 . 10(5) daltons. Since these
      satellites reassociated with about 4--5% base mismatching, as judged by their
      deltsTm (6--7 degrees C), they each appear to consist of rather similar base
      sequences.

PMID- 698223
TI  - Endonuclease activities from a permanently established mouse cell line that act
      upon DNA damaged by ultraviolet light, acid and osmium tetroxide.
AB  - The activity of damage-dependent endonuclease in mouse plasmacytoma cells (line
      MPC-11) has been studied using damaged phi X 174 RFI DNA as substrate. The DNA
      was treated with ultraviolet light, acid, or osmium tetroxide to introduce
      different types of lesions. Ultraviolet light-damaged DNA was cleaved at approx.
      1.1 sites per 35 thymine-containing dimers by the extract, which indicates no
      specificity towards this type of lesion. The acid-treated DNA, which contains
      apurinic sites, was enzymatically broken in every alkalilabile site and this
      strongly suggests the presence of an apurinic-specific endonuclease activity in
      the nuclear extract. The activity which acts on ultraviolet-irradiated DNA and
      that which acts on acid-treated DNA have different specificities as shown by
      their salt requirements and the extent to which they are stimulated by magnesium.
      While the ultraviolet-endonuclease activity was very little affected by reducing
      the KCl concentration, the apurinic-specific activity was almost completely
      abolished. Osmium tetroxide renders the DNA an excellent substrate for
      endonucleolytic activity in the mouse cell extract. The response to KCl and MgCl2
      of the osmium tetroxide-specific endonuclease activity is qualitatively similar
      to that of the endonuclease activity, which acts on ultraviolet-irradiated DNA.
      Treatment of DNA with osmium tetroxide is known to produce 5,6
      dihydroxydihydrothymine which is a minor photoproduct in DNA after irradiation,
      suggesting that the ultraviolet-specific endonuclease activity acts upon this
      lesion.

PMID- 698224
TI  - An exonuclease activity associated with DNA polymerase I of Micrococcus
      radiodurans.
AB  - An exonuclease activity is associated with one of three DNA polymerase in
      Micrococcus radiodurans. The nuclease activity co-sedimented with its DNA
      polymerase I of this bacterium on glycerol gradient centrifugation. Both
      activities show the same optimum pH and heat-inactivation kinetics. This nuclease
      hydrolyzes preferentially double-stranded DNA in an exonucleolytic manner from
      both ends of the duplex DNA. The products of hydrolysis are mostly
      deoxyribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate and no nucleosides are released into the
      acid-soluble fraction. Di- or other oligonucleotides are also produced but their
      relative amounts are constant during the time of incubation. The exonuclease
      activity requires Mg2+ and is inhibited by high concentrations of KCl as is DNA
      polymerase I of M. radiodurans.

PMID- 698225
TI  - DNA-dependent RNA polymerases from Acanthamoeba castellanii. Multiple forms of
      the class III enzyme and levels of activity of the polymerase classes during
      encystment.
AB  - Multiple forms of class III DNA-dependent RNA polymerase have been found in a
      number of higher eukaryotic cells types (Chambon, P. (1975) Annu. Rev. Biochem.
      44, 613--638). Similar multiple forms are reported here from a lower eukaryote,
      the soil amoeba Acanthamoeba castellanii. The levels of activity of all three RNA
      polymerase classes in whole cell extracts of Acanthamoeba during cellular
      differentiation were examined. In contrast to our previous observation (Detke, S.
      and Paule, M.R. (1975) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 383, 67--77) that the amount of the
      alpha-amanitin-sensitive polymerases (II + III) increase in the nucleus during
      encystment we find that the amount of polymerases II and III when solubilized
      from whole cells remains constant. The level of activity of polymerase I,
      however, remains constant both in nuclei and in whole cell extracts. Thus, the
      shutdown of ribosomal RNA synthesis occurring during encystment is not due to a
      decrease in the number of polymerase I molecules in the cell.

PMID- 698226
TI  - Effect of L-ethionine on macromolecular synthesis in mitogen-stimulated
      lymphocytes.
AB  - 2--4 mM L-ethionine completely inhibits DNA synthesis in phytohaemagglutinin- or
      concanavalin A-stimulated lymphocytes even though it does not prevent the
      morphological changes characteristic of blast formation. Evidence is presented
      which indicates that complete commitment to DNA synthesis as well as a
      substantial increase in the rates of RNA and protein synthesis can occur in the
      presence of ethionine. Ethionine, however, does inhibit methylation of tRNA and
      prevents mitogen-induced increase in the activity of histone-modifying enzymes.
      All of these effects of exposure to ethionine are completely reversible. Removal
      of ethionine after 24 h or more of exposure results in a rapid, synchronous wave
      of DNA synthesis, an increase in the rate of methylation of RNA and an increase
      in activity of histone-modifying enzymes.

PMID- 698227
TI  - S-adenosylhomocysteine analogues as inhibitors of specific tRNA methylation.
AB  - Of 17 base- or amino acid-modified analogues of S-adenosylhomocysteine, six were
      found to produce at least 50% inhibition of the activity of an unfractionated
      tRNA methyltransferase extract at concentrations of 200 micron. The inhibitory
      effects of these six analogues on five purified rat liver tRNA methyltransferases
      were examined. The purified enzymes differed greatly in their sensitivity to the
      analogues. Ki values for the inhibitory analogues were determined for the three
      most highly purified methyltransferases. The kinetic analyses indicated that
      inhibition is competitive for nearly all enzyme/inhibitor combinations. The Ki
      values for good enzyme/inhibitor pairs were in the range of 0.11--2 micron. Each
      analogue appears to inhibit one methylation more strongly than others; e.g. the
      Ki values obtained for N6-methyl-S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine are approx. 0.4 micron
      for guanine-1 tRNA methyltransferase, 6 micron for adenine-1 tRNA
      methyltransferase and 100 micron for N2-guanine tRNA methyltransferase I.
      Structural features which are important for inhibitory activity are presence of a
      terminal amino group on the amino acid and the presence of adenosine rather than
      any other base. Ring nitrogens, a terminal carboxyl group and conformation at the
      asymmetric carbon appear to be important for some but not all of the tRNA
      methyltransferases examined.

PMID- 698228
TI  - Replication of the genes coding for 5 S RNA in synchronized HeLa cells.
AB  - The duplication of the genes coding for 5-S RNA has been followed during the S
      phase of HeLa cell cultures synchronized by mitotic detechment. Replication was
      analyzed by exposing the cultures to bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) for 3 h at
      successive intervals and analyzing the DNA product in CsCl density gradients. DNA
      containing the 5-S genes was detected in the gradients by molecular hybridization
      using purified 125I-labeled 5 S RNA. In addition, as an internal marker of S
      phase chronology, late DNA replication was followed by examining the
      incorporation of [3H]thymidine into repetitive DNA (C0t less than 0.01 fraction).
      The results indicated that greater than 85% of the cells in the culture were
      synchronously dividing and that greater than 80% of the 5-S genes replicate in
      the first half of S phase, whereas the rapidly reassociating fraction of the DNA
      replicates in the second half of S phase.

PMID- 698229
TI  - Estrogen withdrawal in chick oviduct. Characterization of RNA synthesized in
      isolated nuclei using a mercurated precursor.
AB  - 1. As a prerequisite for analyzing the effect of estrogen on transcription in
      chick oviduct, we describe suitable methods for the synthesis (under conditions
      restricting reinitiation), and isolation of RNA transcripts from oviduct nuclei
      in vitro, utilizing mercurated UTP (Hg-UTP) as an RNA precursor and
      chromatography on sulphydryl-Sepharose (SH-Sepharose) to recover mercurated RNA
      (Hg-RNA). The techniques described include treatment of Hg-RNA with p
      hydroxymercuribenzoate, to improve the efficiency of binding to SH-Sepharose, and
      elution of Hg-RNA from SH-Sepharose after treatment with 60% formamide at 90
      degrees C, to eliminate contamination by aggregated nucleic acid. 2. RNA
      synthesized by endogenous form B RNA polymerase (using either UTP or Hg-UTP as
      precursor) was recovered in nuclear lysates in the form of 30--85-S heterogeneous
      RNA . protein complexes, and after removal of protein, was 10--12 S in size. 3.
      The nature of RNA transcripts synthesized in vitro was examined by hybridization.
      More than 90% of the RNA was complementary to "unique" DNA sequences, and 50--60%
      of the hybridized RNA could be competed with homologous, steady-state nuclear
      RNA, indicating a significant degree with homologous, steady-state nuclear RNA,
      indicating a significant degree of homology between in vitro transcripts and in
      vivo RNA. The level of homology was similar whether RNA synthesis was performed
      in low salt, or in high salt in the presence of heparin. Possible reasons for
      only partial competition in these experiments are discussed. 4. Withdrawal of
      estrogen from chicks leads to a 50% reduction in endogenous RNA polymerase
      activities in nuclei within 48 h. Similar levels of competition with Hg-RNA
      transcripts for "unique" DNA were obtained using oviduct nuclear RNAs isolated
      before or after estrogen withdrawal, and even with liver nuclear RNA. Thus, in
      oviduct, those sequences present in primary transcripts, and analyzed under our
      experimental conditions, are present in different hormonal states and also in
      other chick tissues.

PMID- 698230
TI  - Conformation of pyridazine nucleosides: the molecular structure of 4-hydroxy-1
      (beta-D-ribofuranosyl)pyridazin-6-one (3-deaza-6-azauridine).
AB  - The glycosyl torsiona angle in 4-hydroxy-1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-pyridazin-6-one
      (or 3-deaza-6-azauridine) is in the "high-anti" region. This is similar to the
      torsional angles observed for 6-azapyrimidine and 8-azapurine nucleosides, but in
      marked contrast to those found in uridine, 3-deazauridine and other pyrimidine
      nucleosides.

PMID- 698231
TI  - Influence of a few coat protein subunits on the base-paired structure of the RNA
      species of alfalfa mosaic virus.
AB  - Differentiated thermal melting profiles were made of all the three RNA species
      (RNAs 1, 2 and 3), constituting the genome of alfalfa mosaic virus and of the
      subgenomic coat protein messenger RNA (RNA 4) of this virus. Whereas all profiles
      showed multiphasicity the profile of RNA 4 was most clearly subdivided showing
      three clear transitions with tm values of 25.5, 35.5 and 53 degrees C. The first
      transition disappeared upon addition of 6 coat protein molecules per molecule of
      RNA 4. The effect of coat protein on the melting profiles of the genome RNAs was
      much less clear.

PMID- 698232
TI  - Studies on sheep kidney nuclease. II. Limited digestion of phiX174 single-strand
      DNA.
AB  - Single strand DNA of bacteriophage phiX174 was digested by sheep kidney nuclease
      (nuclease SK) at 37 degrees C for 2-6 h and the digests were examined by 2.5%
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. On this electrophoresis five bands were
      detected corresponding to the DNA fragments by scanning the gel at 260 nm. After
      these DNA fragments from the gel with the electrode buffer used for the
      electrophoresis, the molecular weights of fragments I, II, III, IV and V were
      determined by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The molecular weights of
      these DNA fragments were 1.7 . 10(6), 1.2 . 10(6), 8.6 . 10(5), 4.5 . 10(5) and
      2.8 . 10(5). From the melting curves and the base compositions of these fragments
      it was suggested that phiX174 single-strand DNA might have intramolecular double
      helical regions, which were hardly susceptible to attack by nuclease SK.

PMID- 698233
TI  - Age-dependent DNA labeling and deoxyribonucleotide synthesis in wheat seeds.
AB  - Utilisation of ribonucleosides as precursors of DNA biosynthesis was studied in
      germinating wheat embryos because the reductive pathway leading to
      deoxyribonucleotides is very difficult to demonstrate in extracts of higher
      plants in vitro. [5-3H]Cytidine and [6-3H]uridine are incorporated into wheat DNA
      (RNA-free) via ribonucleotide reduction without intermediate scission of the
      glycosidic bond. This reaction is observed at 20-30 h after the onset of
      germination only in aged (2-4-year-old) seeds while the embryos isolated from
      fresh grains show very little cytidine incorporation; in contrast, thymidine
      incorporation into DNA between 10 and 18 h of germination is not age dependent.
      Fresh wheat contains a soluble, heat-stable inhibitor fraction, most probably a
      modified oligonucleotide, which efficiently prevents cytidine incorporation when
      added to old embryos together with the labeled nucleoside. This material also
      inhibits purified Escherichia coli ribonucleotide reductase and is thought to be
      part of the control system for ribonucleotide reduction in wheat; it may
      gradually decay during storage of the seeds. Dry wheat embryos do not contain
      deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates. Pool sizes of dATP and dTTP in germinating
      embryos were found to reach 1 pmol/microgram DNA at 10-15 h of germination (i.e.
      before ribonucleotide reduction) and were independent of the age of seeds. These
      data suggest that wheat contains other preformed dexoyribonucleoside derivatives
      which are phosphorylated at an early time and can initially sustain DNA
      synthesis. Induction of measurable ribonucleotide reductase activity in fresh
      winter wheat was for the first time accomplished by 15 days of vernalization of
      the seeds at +2 degrees C.

PMID- 698234
TI  - Characteristics of fatty acid oxidation in rat liver homogenates and the
      inhibitory effect of malonyl-CoA.
AB  - Experiments were carried out to study the control of fatty acid oxidation and
      ketogenesis in rat liver homogenates. In contrast to findings with the perfused
      liver, rates of fatty acid oxidation were high and equal in liver homogenates
      from fed and fasted animals. No difference in apparent Km values for oleate, ATP,
      coenzyme A or carnitine could be detected in the two types of homogenate. Over
      the concentration range 20--40  micron, malonyl-CoA inhibited oleate oxidation by
      50--75%. The fact that the inhibitory effect could be removed by pre-treatment
      with alkali or fatty acid synthetase indicated that the inhibitory molecule was
      malonyl-CoA rather than a contaminant. The effect was readily reversible and
      appeared to be competitive with oleyl-CoA. Malonyl-CoA also inhibited oleate
      oxidation in homogenates of heart and kidney cortex but this is unlikely to have
      physiological relevance since, in contrast to liver, neither tissue contains an
      active cytosolic pathway for the generation of malonyl-CoA and the synthesis of
      fatty acids.

PMID- 698235
TI  - The effect of clofibrate-feeding on hepatic fatty acid metabolism.

PMID- 698236
TI  - Glycolipids of a halotolerant, moderately halophilic bacterium.
AB  - A 247 000 x g particulate fraction from a moderately halophilic halotolerant
      bacterium incorporated [14C] glucose added as UDP[14C]glucose and 32P-labeled
      phosphatidylglycerol into glucosylphosphatidylglycerol. Exogenously added
      phosphatidylglycerol was available to the enzyme only when dispersed in a
      detergent, preferably Triton X-405, by sonication. The 14C- or 32P-labeled
      glucosylphosphatidylglycerol was degraded with phospholipase C. The water soluble
      product formed was isolated and identified by paper chromatography as
      glucosylglycerolphosphate. The system required Mg2+ or Ca2+ for activity. KCl and
      NaCl were inhibitory even when added at low concentrations.

PMID- 698237
TI  - The lipid composition of isolated rat spermatids and spermatocytes.
AB  - The lipids composition of enriched fractions of spermatids and spermatocytes,
      isolated from rat testicular tissue, has been investigated. More than 20% of the
      total fatty acids of spermatids but only 10% of those of spermatocytes, isolated
      from testes of mature rats, was 4,7,10,13,16-docosapentaenoic acid. Spermatocyte
      enriched fractions isolated from testes of immature rats had fatty acid
      compositions similar to those isolated from testes of mature rats. On the other
      hand, spermatids isolated from immature rats had a level of docosapentaenoic acid
      which was intermediate between the level found in spermatocytes and that of
      spermatids from mature rats. Major phospholipid classes and the triacylglycerols
      of spermatids contained much more of the docosapentaenoic acid than the
      corresponding lipid types from spermatocytes. Differences in content of total
      phospholipids, individual classes of phospholipids and triacylglycerols among
      spermatocytes, spermatids and late spermatids were also observed.

PMID- 698238
TI  - The effect of nutritional state on the lipoprotein lipase activity of isolated
      fat cells.
AB  - The lipoprotein lipase activity of rat epididymal adipose tissue falls on
      starvation and increases on refeeding. Studies with fat cells isolated from this
      tissue have shown that increases in the activity of the enzyme occur under
      appropriate incubation conditions in vitro. The present study compares the
      responses of cells isolated from the adipose tissue of fed and 48-h starved rats.
      Fat cells from rats starved for 48 h display a lower initial lipoprotein lipase
      activity than cells from fed rats. When cells from rats in both nutritional
      states are incubated in a suitable medium at 25 degrees C, there is a progressive
      increase in the medium lipoprotein lipase activity. The absolute increase in the
      total activity of the incubation system during incubations of cells from 48-h
      starved rats is significantly less than during incubations of cells from fed
      rats. However, when expressed as a percentage of the initial cell activity, the
      rises in total activity are similar in the two nutritional states. Cycloheximide
      has no significant effect on the increase in activity of lipoprotein lipase that
      occurs with cells from 48-h starved rats. However, it does partially block the
      increase in activity seen with cells from fed rats and in a manner similar to
      that previously reported for cells from 24-h starved rats. The significance of
      the results is discussed in relation to previous studies with both intact adipose
      tissue and isolated fat cells.

PMID- 698239
TI  - Structures and fatty acid compositions of neutral glycosphingolipids of human
      plasma.
AB  - Major neutral glycosphingolipids were isolated from human plasma and their
      structures and fatty acid compositions studied. The four neutral
      glycosphingolipids of plasma were characterized as Glc beta(1 leads to
      1)ceramide, Gal beta(1 leads to 1)- ceramide, Gal beta(1 leads to 4) Glc beta (1
      leads to 1)ceramide, Gal alpha(1 leads to 4) Gal beta(1 leads to 4) Glc beta(1
      leads to 1)ceramide and GalNAc beta(1 leads to 3) Gal (1 leads to 4) Gal (1 leads
      to 4) Glc beta(1 leads to 1)-ceramide. The glycosphingolipids contained mostly
      short chain fatty acids of which most prominent was C16. Erythrocyte
      glucosylceramide and lactosylceramide exhibited similar fatty acid compositions
      as their plasma counterparts. Triglycosylceramide and globoside of erythrocytes
      contained almost exclusively long-chain fatty acids. In lactosylceramide obtained
      from "p" erythrocytes, an accumulation of long-chain fatty acids was found; this
      accumulation was not observed, however, in lactosylceramide isolated from "p"
      plasma. It was concluded that plasma and erythrocyte glycosphingolipids are
      synthesized at separate sites where short- and long-chain fatty acids,
      respectively, are available. Plasma and erythrocyte glucosylceramide, and
      probably a fraction of lactosylceramide, exchange between plasma and erythrocyte
      pools. The latter conclusion is discussed in the light of the relative roles of
      carbohydrate and lipid moieties of the glycosphingolipids in maintaining their
      association with erythrocyte membranes.

PMID- 698240
TI  - Animal carotenoids 15. Carotenoid distribution and carotenoprotein of Asterias
      rubens.
AB  - A clear differentiation in localization according to functional groups in the
      carotenoids of the starfish, Asterias rubens, is reported. Only the free alpha
      ketols, 7,8,7',8'-tetradehydroastaxanthin, 7,8-didehydroastaxanthin and
      astaxanthin, are present in the purified carotenoprotein. A post mortem liberated
      slime contained beta,beta-carotene, free and esterified alloxanthin and
      esterified alpha-ketols. Evidence suggesting the existence of an alloxanthin
      protein complex was obtained. The carotenoprotein, asteriarubin, accounts for
      approx. 10% of the protein extracted by low salt dialysis from the purple-blue
      part of the top skin of A. rubens and exhibits an absorbance maximum at 554 nm in
      buffer solution. Asteriarubin is a glycoprotein with an equivalent Stoke's radius
      corresponding to that of globular proteins of molecular weight 8--10 10(4) and
      contains 20 microgram carotenoid per mg asteriarubin. Sodium dodecyl sulfate
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of purified asteriarubin disclosed two major
      components, one of which is a glycopeptide.

PMID- 698241
TI  - The metabolism of 4-androstene-3,17-dione by isolated rat hepatocytes.
      Maintenance of the sex differences in culture.
AB  - Hepatocytes from adult rats were isolated and cultivated as primary monolayers
      for 3 days in a medium containing only 1% homologous serum. The metabolism of 4
      androstene-3,17-dione was followed in hepatocytes from male, female and
      hypophysectomized animals. It was found that immediately after preparation,
      5alpha-reductase and 16alpha-hydroxylase activities were present in the cells in
      amounts comparable to those found in microsomal preparations from liver
      homogenates. After 3 days in culture, these enzyme activities had decreased to
      about half the values measured on day 0. During this time the sexual differences
      in steroid metabolism in the cells were stable, i.e. there was no detectable
      induction of 16alpha-hydroxylase in cells from female animals, and the relative
      sex difference in 5alpha-reductase activity persisted.

PMID- 698242
TI  - Intralysosomal hydrolysis of cholesterol esters of varying fatty acid composition
      in cultured human skin fibroblasts.
AB  - Intralysosomal accumulation of low density lipoprotein-cholesterol ester was
      achieved during incubation of cultured human skin fibroblasts in the presence of
      chloroquine and the subsequent hydrolysis of the cholesterol ester was studied
      after removal of chloroquine. The fall in the ratio of cholesterol linoleate to
      cholesterol oleate during recovery from chloroquine inhibition suggested
      preferential hydrolysis of cholesterol linoleate. To verify this assumption, low
      density lipoprotein (labeled with [3H] cholesterol linoleate, oleate, palmitate
      or stearate) was sequestered in the lysosomes as described above. The rate of
      hydrolysis of the different cholesterol esters was determined 24 and 48 h after
      removal of chloroquine from the medium and was found to be similar for the four
      cholesterol esters studied. These findings indicate that enrichment in
      cholesterol oleate in atheromatous lesions does not result from preferential
      hydrolysis of intralysosomal cholesterol linoleate, but rather could be due to
      preferential utilization of oleic acid for the esterification in the cytoplasm of
      free cholesterol released from the lysosomal compartment.

PMID- 698243
TI  - Enzymatic sulphation of bile salts in human liver.
AB  - An enzyme catalyzing the transfer of the sulphate group from 3' -phosphoadenosine
      5' -phosphosulphate to lithocholate and glycolithocholate is identified in the
      cytosol of human liver. The rate of sulphation was greatest with unconjugates
      lithocolate. Km values for lithocholate and glycolithocholate were 2 . 10(-6) and
      3.3 . 10(-6) M, respectively. No enzyme activity was found in human kidney
      cytosol. A simple method for quantitative assay of the enzyme in percutaneous
      liver biopsy specimens is described.

PMID- 698244
TI  - Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase and "outer" carnitine long-chain acyltransferase
      activities of intact brown adipose tissue mitochondria.
AB  - 1. The activities of long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (acid: CoA ligase (AMP
      forming), EC 6.2.1.3) and the "outer" carnitine long-chain acyltransferase
      (palmitoyl-CoA: L-carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase, EC 2.3.1.21) have been
      estimated in intact brown adipose tissue mitochondria. The assay of both enzymes
      is based on a coupled reaction in which the intramitochondrial (matrix) CoASH is
      the final acyl acceptor and the oxidation-reduction state of the flavoproteins in
      the acyl-CoA dehydrogens pathway is used to determine the intramitochondrial
      level of acyl-CoA. 2. Using endogenous fatty acids as the substrate, the progress
      curve of acyl-CoA synthetase activity was in most mitochondrial preparations
      linear within the first 30 s. When initial rates were measured, the Km value for
      CoASH (2.4 micron) was lower than previously determined for the acyl-CoA
      synthetase in brown adipose tissue mitochondria as well as in mitochondria of
      other tissues. The pH activity curve indicates that the unprotonated form of the
      fatty acids represents the substrate of acyl-CoA synthetase, i.e. similar to the
      effect of pH on the binding of fatty acids to bovine serum albumin. 3.
      Experimental evidence is presented that at temperatures higher than the
      transition temperature of the acyl-CoA synthetase (i.e. Tt = 19 degrees C), this
      enzymic reaction is rate-limiting in the sequence of coupled reactions leading to
      beta-oxidation in the mitochondrial matrix. 4. The initial rate of the long-chain
      acyl-COA synthetase reaction was estimated to v = 119 +/- 16 nmol . min-1 . mg-1
      protein (mean +/- S.D., n = 5) at an optimal concentration of palmitate which
      exceeds that of rat heart mitochondria by a factor of 10.

PMID- 698245
TI  - Enzymes catalyzing the hydrolysis of long-chain monoacyglycerols in rat adipose
      tissue.
AB  - Acetone-ether preparations of epididymal fat pads from fasted or fed rats
      contained two enzymes catalyzing the hydrolysis of long-chain monoacylglycerols.
      The enzymes were identified as monoacylglycerol lipase (Tornqvist, H. and
      Belfrage, P., (1976) J. Biol Chem. 251, 813--819) and lipoprotein lipase by their
      apparent pI values after electrofocusing in non-ionic detergent, selective
      inhibition properties, substrate specificity and positional specificity. It was
      estimated that monoacylglycerol lipase accounted for about 90% of the total
      monoacylglycerol-hydrolyzing activity in acetone-ether preparations from fasted
      and 70% from fed rats. Its enzyme activity did not change with the nutritional
      state in contrast to that of lipoprotein lipase. The latter enzyme hydrolyzed 2
      monoacylglycerols at a much lower rate than the 1(3)-isomers. Monoacylglycerol
      lipase was located almost entirely in the adipocytes, thus most of the enzyme
      activity towards monoacylglycerols in the adipose tissue was found in this site.
      Fractionated sucrose homogenates of rat epididymal fat pads also contained a
      third enzyme with monoacylglycerol-hydrolyzing activity, identified as hormone
      sensitive lipase by its pI, selective inhibition properties and substrate
      specificity. It was estimated that hormone-sensitive lipase accounted for less
      than 20% of the total activity against monoacylglycerols in these tissue
      preparations from fasted rats. Over-all quantitative estimations emphasized the
      dominant role of monoacylglycerol lipase over the other two enzymes in the
      hydrolysis of monoacylglycerols.

PMID- 698246
TI  - [Effect of molecular structures on the probabilities of radiating and non
      radiating transitions in molecules derived from chlorophyll].
AB  - The values of luminescence quantum yield and duration have been measured for
      rhodoporphyrin XV, deoxophyllerythrin, phyllerythrin, etiochlorin, chlorin e6 and
      their zinc complexes as well as for bacteriochlorin and isobacteriochlorin. The
      effect of the structural elements, which are characteristic of the chlorophyll
      molecule, on the probabilities (rate constants) of primary photophysical
      processes has been traced. It has been shwon, in particular, that all these
      elements enhance the radiationless de-excitation of the lowest triplet state.

PMID- 698247
TI  - [Molecular oxygen quenching of the singlet and triplet states of poryphyrins].
AB  - Rate constants of molecular oxygen quenching in solutions of singlet and triplet
      states of chlorophyll porphyrines molecules and their complexes with metals were
      measured with the help of the methods of laser photolysis, impulse fluorometry
      and luminescence. It has been shown that the quenching of fluorescence results
      from the intensification of intercombinational transition into the triplet state.
      The mechanism of quenching of the triplet state is discussed.

PMID- 698248
TI  - [Quaternary structure of histidine decarboxylase according to small-angle x-ray
      diffraction and electron microscopic findings].
AB  - The data on small angle X-ray scattering with histidine decarboxilase (HDC) from
      Micrococcus sp. n. were analysed and a line of succesively improving
      approximations of the molecule shape was found: by oblate ellipsoid a:b:c =
      1:10.63, by continuous cylinder and hollow cylinder with H = 50 A, 2R = 76 A, 2r
      = 8A. Biochemical data and electron micrographs of HDC obtained made possible to
      distinguish subunits and thus to increase resolution of the model. The model of
      the enzyme molecule consisting of three subunits is suggested, whose X-ray small
      angle scattering curve well agrees with the experimental one up to value S = 0.21
      A-1.

PMID- 698249
TI  - [2 types of soluble complexes of bovine serum albumin with polyelectrolytes].
AB  - It has been shown by high-velocity sedimentation that BSA forms soluble complexes
      with polyacrylic acid (PAA) and sodium polystyrene sulfonate (PSSNa) with neutral
      water solutions. Factors responsible for polyanion binding of similarly charged
      BSA molecules are analysed. It has been found that occupation of PAA and PSSNa
      chains with BSA globules proceeds steadily. BSA-PAA and BSA-PSSNa complexes are
      compared with the earlier described products of BSA sorption on poly-4-vinyl-N
      ethylpyridine bromide, where the occupation of polycations with protein globules
      proceeds unevenly. Reasons for the existence of two types of soluble BSA
      polyelectrolyte complexes are described; probable structural model of BSA complex
      with polyacids and polyanions is suggested.

PMID- 698250
TI  - [Fluorescence polarization of an axially symmetrical group of DNA molecules
      stained with acridine orange].

PMID- 698251
TI  - [Effect of exposure to "stress" on the electrical properties of BLM].
AB  - The influence of high potential and hydrostatic pressure gradients on BLM has
      been studied. It has been found that short exposures of BLM to the above factors,
      which are nearly as strong as those rupturing BLM, often induce in the membrane
      unusual states characterized by drastic increase in the current fluctuations with
      simultaneous increase of its average value. The level of fluctuations and the
      average current on individual membranes subjected to intermittent exposures vary
      appreciably. Of greatest interest are the membranes for which the average current
      value is not much higher than the background level. Such membranes can fluctuate
      steadily for several hours without any appreciable change in their behavior. In
      these cases the minimum current value during fluctuations often corresponds to
      the background current. Usually the current fluctuations on membranes excited by
      potential or hydrostatic pressure gradients cease abruptly. The electrical
      properties of such membranes are virtually the same as those of the unstressed
      membranes. The qualitative studies of the influence of the solution composition
      and temperature showed that in the range 25--40 degrees C in different solutions
      the excitation effects of BLM from general lipids of brain and a lecithin
      cholesterol mixture are qualitatively similar and resemble those due to some
      biologically active substances diminishing the mechanical stability of BLM. Some
      possible mechanisms of excitation of BLM exposed to stress factors are discussed.

PMID- 698252
TI  - [Ganglioside orientation in vesicular bilayer membranes].

PMID- 698254
TI  - [Use of statistical analysis in studying the conformational oscillations of
      chloroplasts].
AB  - Conformational oscillations of chloroplasts have been studied by the statistic
      analysis technique. Statistic characteristics of the parameters describing the
      process of chloroplast cross-section oscillations in time are given. According to
      the statistic analysis results it can be suggested that conformational
      oscillations of chloroplasts have the multilevel structure. The suggestions
      concerning causative factors of that multilevel organization of oscillating
      process are also advanced.

PMID- 698253
TI  - [Effect of physiologic concentrations of local anesthetics of the procaine series
      on the structural and functional state of cerebral synaptosome membranes].
AB  - Studies are presented of the effect of procaine group anesthetics on rat brain
      synaptosome stability to dodecyl sulfate and on catalytic properties of the
      membrane bound alkaline phosphatase. The dose curves of detergent stability are
      characterized by two maxima, one at 3.10(-4) M for tetracaine, 2.10(-6) M for
      lidocaine and 5.10(-5) M for procaine; the other being at 10(-3) M for all
      anesthetics. The curves of Vmax and KM versus procaine concentration to exhibit
      the minimum at 5.10(-7) M and maximum at 3,2.10(-6) M. Procaine at 5.10(-7) M
      increases enthalpy and enthropy of membraneous alkaline phosphatase. It is
      suggested that interactions between anesthetics and centers of high affinity lead
      to synaptosome structural rearrangements, which affect the properties of
      membraneous enzymes.

PMID- 698255
TI  - [Mathematical model of membrane regulation of the cell cycle].

PMID- 698256
TI  - [Balance of entropy during photosynthesis].

PMID- 698258
TI  - [Impulse circulation in an excitable medium. Critical size of the closed
      circuit].
AB  - Periodical regimes of impulse circulation are studied for the system of two
      differential equations Exixi-vE-F(E)-g=0, vg=epsilon(phi(E)-g),(epsilon less than
      1), which describes stationary propagation of the impulse with the velocity
      upsilon. Analytical expressions are obtained for the minimal size of the closed
      circuit (lambdamin) and minimal circulation velocity (upsilonmin). It has been
      found that when the circuit size was close to lambdamin, the impulse became
      relaxed; it means that the plateau lenght was close to the front length. It was
      shown that lambdamin was practically independent of the small parameter epsilon.
      In case of the approximation of f(E) by the piecewise N-shaped function with an
      incident region --Kf(E--alpha), and phi(E) by the linear function KgE, the
      increase of lambdamin takes place with an increase of alpha and Kg parameters,
      and a decrease of Kf (fig. 4). Such a change in the parameters brings about a
      decrease (instead of an intuitively expected increase!) of the stationary
      velocity of normal impulse propagation.

PMID- 698257
TI  - [Nonlinear resistance in a diffuse trigger system. Biological barrier].
AB  - Mathematical model of antagonistic interrelations of biological species in which
      the migration is taken into account is considered. The ecological nish, occupied
      by one of the antagonistic species cannot be populated by the other if the
      initial quantity of the new species does not exceed the particular value. This is
      considered as the demonstration of the ecological barrier. The approach to the
      investigation of the nonlinear stability for spatially distributed systems can be
      applied to other biophysical problems.

PMID- 698259
TI  - [Nonstationary processes in a unidimensional excitable medium. IV. Impulse
      distribution characteristics with the non-monotonic function a = a(V)].

PMID- 698260
TI  - [Role of electrical interference between adjacent portions of the myocardium in
      the origin of arrhythmias].
AB  - Excitation propagation was studied in the papillary muscle of cat's heart and on
      a mathematical model of homogenous fibre, considerable inhomogeneity being
      created in the duration of the action potential (DAP) in the left and right part
      of the object studied. Gradual changes in DAP were observed during excitation
      propagation period, therefore rough differences in DAP of neighbouring myocardial
      areas may be excluded. No arrhythmia was observed. It is shwon that the
      arrhythmia which occurred previously [7] with an increase of DAP in one part of
      the preparation after EDTA addition was not connected with DAP differences in the
      neighbouring myocardial areas.

PMID- 698261
TI  - [Theoretical analysis of an experiment with motor neuron voltage clamping. Proof
      of the N-shape of the steady-state volt-ampere characteristic of the dendrite
      membrane].
AB  - Current--voltage relation (I--V) in motoneurons [6] is discussed on the basis of
      the hypothesis [1] about N-shaped steady-state I--V for the dendritic membrane. A
      spontaneous discharge of motorneurons after clamp-off is interpreted as direct
      evidence in favour of the hypothesis. Some indirect evidence and possible ways
      for further testing of the hypothesis are also presented.

PMID- 698262
TI  - [Mathematical model of the connection between excitation and contraction in
      cardiac muscle].

PMID- 698263
TI  - [Possibility of using computer circuits for modeling morphogenesis].

PMID- 698264
TI  - [Water content in thin films of nucleic acid nitrogen bases.
      Ultramicroquantitative determination by means of a quartz resonator].
AB  - A method of quartz resonator is proposed for accurate micro- and
      ultramicroquantitative analysis of water in various biological systems.
      Sensitivity of this method may be about 10(-9) g. Some advantages and specific
      applications of quartz resonator are shown by "weighing" water rigidly bound to
      homogenous dry films of cytosine at great changes of their mass. It is suggested
      to use the quartz resonator with a specific sorbent applied to it as an efficient
      detector of small quantities of gases and microadmixtures of solved substances.

PMID- 698265
TI  - [Relationship between ion channel properties and the structure of the lactone
      ring of polyene antibiotic molecules].
AB  - Properties of ionic channels created by amphoterecin B, nystatine and mycoheptin
      in phospholipid--cholesterol bilayer have been compared. Ionic conductivity and
      selectivity of channels as well as the frequency of transitions between an open
      state and a closed one depend on lacton ring structure. Appearance of one more
      carbonyl group in mycoheptin molecule leads to a decrease of channel anion
      permeability. Any pair of these antibiotics being added into different aqueous
      solutions create combined channels. These data confirm hypothesis that polyene
      antibiotics create channels of two half-pores formed in different monolayers of
      the membrane.

PMID- 698266
TI  - [Simple interpolation formula for the van der Waals reaction energy of two
      parallel cylindera].

PMID- 698267
TI  - [Effect of chelators on the Hill reaction in chloroplasts with silicomolybdate as
      the electron acceptor].

PMID- 698268
TI  - [Chlorophyll phosphorescence in leaves and cells of algae].
AB  - Phosphorescence and delayed fluorescence of chlorophyll have been observed in
      frozen suspensions of green, blue-green and red alga, normal and mutant leaves of
      pea, kidney bean and maize at the temperature range from --196 to --70 degrees C.
      The phosphorescence maximum lies at 960--980 nm, excitation maximum--at 674+/-2
      nm, lifetime is 1.5--2.5 msec, quantum yield vaires in the range of 0.03--3 x 10(
      6), being much lower than that of chlorophyll phosphorescence in solutions. The
      weakest phosphorescence was found in normal leaves, the strongest one--in cells
      of Scendesmus and leaves of xi-carotene mutants of maize. The data suggest that
      phosphorescence belongs to antenna chlorophyll and phosphorescence quenching is
      due to energy migration from singlet and triplet states of antenna to non
      phosphorescent forms of chlorophyll and carotenoids.

PMID- 698269
TI  - [Thermal structural transitions in the membranes of fat cells].
AB  - Studies have been carried out of the structural state of plasma membranes of
      epididimal fat cells from rats at 5--40 degrees C. The temperature dependence of
      the fluorescence intensity bound ANS and the rate of solubilization by 0.2%
      sodium dodecyl sulfate have shown sharp changes at 19--24 degrees C. At the same
      temperature intervals there was a break in the Arrhenius curve for activity of
      the membrane 5'-nucleotidase. ANS fluorescence and light scattering of liposomes
      from membrane lipids have revealed discontinuities at 21 degrees and 29--30
      degrees C. The data are interpreted as thermal rearrangements initiated in the
      lipid membrane phase.

PMID- 698270
TI  - [Effect of the products of lipid peroxidation and phospholipid hydrolysis on the
      elastic properties of planar bilayer membranes].

PMID- 698271
TI  - [Precise relationships for calculating the binding of regulatory proteins and
      other lattice ligands in double-stranded polynucleotides].
AB  - The binding of long multisite ligands to double-stranded nucleic acids is
      considered. The ligand is taken as a lattice of AT- and GC-specific reaction
      centres the sequence of which is complementary to the base pair sequence in the
      specific ligand interaction site on DNA. Exact equations are derived for the two
      cases: that when a ligand binds in a fixed orientation relative to the DNA and
      that when it can be attached to DNA in the two alternative orientations related
      by two-fold rotation. Included in the formulation are two alternative
      orientations related by two-fold rotation. Included in the formulation are the
      ligand size effects as well as cooperative effects for which the interactions
      between the nearest neighbour adsorbed molecules are responsible. In particular,
      if cooperative interactions are allowed only between the adjacent ligand
      molecules related by two-fold rotation symmetry, the ligands would tend to
      associate into symmetrical "dimers" upon binding to DNA. This model enables one
      to explain the recognition of specific base sequences which are related by two
      fold rotation symmetry and are complementary to the sequence of ligand reaction
      centres. Numerical calculations are carried out for several specific cases and
      for various values of parameters involved in the theoretical model.

PMID- 698272
TI  - [B-form as the absolute energy minimum for DNA. Entropy nature of the B--A
      transition].
AB  - The B-form is characterizing by lower potential energy than A-form, especially if
      electrostatic term is added. For realistic values of epsilon (4; 1) spontaneous A
      -B-transition occurs during minimization procedure. The conclusion arises about
      entropy mechanism of A-form stabilization. The B--A-transition is impossible
      lower certain temperature for certain salt concentrations. The strong and mobile
      dehydratant must stimulate the A-form realization. The strong and polymeric
      dehydrant must stimulate the compactization of macromolecule on the basis of B
      form.

PMID- 698273
TI  - [Evolution of the gene in energy space].
AB  - General idea of a gene as a part of the hereditary molecule DNA permits to
      correlate various alleles states of a gene to various energy states of the
      hereditary molecule. Hereditary molecule under the action of a random force moves
      along its energy states. So far as the number of individuals in a population
      usually is very big, such motion of a gene in energy space resembles random
      motion of the Brownian particle in liquid. Here the process of striving
      hereditary molecule for minimum potential energy will correspond to the slow
      precipitation of particles under the effect of the force of gravity. Therefore,
      gene diffusion in energy space is described by the Focker--Plank's equation. The
      solution of this equation shows the time evolution of the distribution of genes
      alleles states within the limits of an isolated population.

PMID- 698274
TI  - [Biotropicity of geomagnetic disturbances as a result of the increase in specific
      radioactivity of air caused by them (statement of the problem)].

PMID- 698275
TI  - Circular dichroism investigation of the (L lysine)n-Cu(II) (1:1) systems with n =
      4 and n = 25.
AB  - The study of the (L Lys)n-Cu(II) (1:1) system with n = 4 and n = 25 using
      circular dichroism (CD) data has provided evidence indicating the formation of
      two complexes in a two-step process. In the first of these complexes, obtained at
      pH 6.6, the alpha-amino terminal group and the adjacent deprotonated amide
      nitrogen are bound to the metal. In the second, additional amino nitrogens of
      side chains lie at the other two corners of the coordination square. A
      comprehensive investigation of changes occuring in spectral patterns when
      coordination takes place enables the assignment of three bands that are
      characteristic to each type of nitrogen coordination.

PMID- 698276
TI  - Similarity in metabolic patterns of different chemical species of vanadium in the
      rat.
AB  - To gain information about the influence of the oxidation state of vanadium on its
      metabolic behavior, different 48V-labeled vanadium compounds, such as cationic
      VO2+(V), VO2+(IV), V3+(III), and anionic V4O12(3-)(V), VS4(3-)(V) species were
      prepared and intravenously injected into rats. The 48V radioactivity was measured
      in whole tissues as well as in nuclei, mitochondria, lysosomes, microsomes, and
      cytosols from liver and kidney homogenates. The distribution of 48V radioactivity
      between the plasma components was investigated using gel filtration of the 48V
      labeled plasma. The findings indicate that there are common pathways of the
      different chemical forms of vanadium in animals. The similarities are referred to
      the distribution in different tissues and their intracellular distribution as
      well as to the transport in the blood, in which 48V was always found in the
      plasma bound to transferrin. The results obtained tend to exclude a possible
      influence of the oxidation state of vanadium on its metabolism and support the
      existence in the body of two mechanisms of conversion of different chemical forms
      of vanadium ions to one with the same valence.

PMID- 698277
TI  - Osmium-labeled polynucleotides: reaction of osmium tetraoxide, with poly-1,N6
      ethenoadenylic acid.
AB  - Osmium tetraoxide, in the presence of ligands such as pyridine and bipyridine,
      adds across the etheno bridge of 1,N6-etheno-9-methyladenine and poly-1,N6
      ethenoadenylic acid. The Os:P ratio in the labeled polynucleotide was
      approximately equal to 1 when bipyridine was used as the stabilizing ligand. A
      similar study with polycytidylic acid, which had been partially modified with
      chloroacetaldehyde so that some bases were converted to 3,N4-ethenocytosine, gave
      an OS:P ratio of approximately equal to 1.3. Calf-thymus DNA, in which the
      adenine and cytosine bases were modified by chloroacetaldehyde, gave an Os:P
      ratio of approximately equal to 1 after 24 h. These results suggest that 3,N4
      ethenocytosine will add two Os labels.

PMID- 698278
TI  - Interaction of antibiotic lasalocid A (X537A) with praseodymium(III) in methanol.
AB  - The binding of lasalocid A (X537A) to Pr(III) in methanol has been studied by
      lasalocid fluorescence, circular dichroism, and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. It
      is clear that in addition to a mono complex, bis and tris complexes are also
      formed. Values of the binding constants and spectral properties of the various
      complexes have been determined by computer fitting of the binding isotherms. The
      Pr (III) ion binds only at the salicylic "head" of the lasalocid A, in stark
      contrast with other known structures. The lasalocid A appears to have an "open"
      conformation in these complexes. The relevance of these results to the structure
      and conformation of the Ca(II) complex is discussed. The first order rate
      constant for the dissociation of the tris complex has also been determined.

PMID- 698279
TI  - Ionization and divalent cation dissociation constants of nalidixic and oxolinic
      acids.
AB  - The ionization constants and some divalent cation dissociation constants of
      nalidixic and oxolinic acids, both specific inhibitors of bacterial DNA
      replication, have been determined. The carboxylic pKa' values are 6.1 and 6.9 at
      25 degrees for nalidixic and oxolinic acids, respectively. These values indicate
      that intramolecular hydrogen-bonding stabilizes the un-ionized form of these
      compounds in aqueous solution. Both compounds bind divalent cations; the divalent
      cation dissociation constants for oxolinic acid are somewhat smaller that those
      for nalidixic acid. We suggest that both compounds may act by forming a complex
      in situ with a divalent cation in a metalloprotein involved in DNA replication.
      The evidence that both drugs inhibit at the same target site is briefly reviewed.

PMID- 698280
TI  - Binding sites between platinum (II) and uracil derivatives.
AB  - The complexes of triammineplatinum with uracil, 6-methyluracil, or uridine were
      prepared in aqueous solution at pH 7. The reaction of uracil with
      triammineplatinum gave two complexes at the same time. One was a complex in which
      triammineplatinum displaced a proton from uracil and coordinated to the N(3)
      position, and the other the complex coordinated to the N(1) position by
      displacing a proton. When triammineplatinum was treated with 6-methyluracil or
      uridine in aqueous solution at pH7, only a complex coordinated to the N(3)
      position was obtained. The ultraviolet (UV), NMR, and infrared (IR) spectral data
      provide useful information for determining the binding site of these complexes.
      The UV and IR spectral behaviors of the complex coordinated to the N(3) of uracil
      are very similar to those of 3-methyluracil. The NMR spectrum of the complex
      coordinated to the N(1) of uracil exhibits satellite peaks of 195Pt-proton and
      its coupling constant (39 Hz) gives good evidence for determining the binding
      site at the N(1) position.

PMID- 698281
TI  - Selenium protection against mercury toxicity: high binding affinity of
      methylmercury by selenium-containing ligands in comparison with sulfur-containing
      ligands.
AB  - In determining the protection of selenium against mercury toxicity, the binding
      affinity of methylmercury by various selenium-containing ligands was investigated
      by proton magnetic resonance (PMR) spectroscopy. The most striking feature was
      the small J199Hg-1H value of the selenocysteamine- and selenocysteine
      methylmercury complexes, namely, the high affinity of the selenohydryl group to
      the mercury in comparison with those of the sulfhydryl and amino groups. The
      order of binding affinity of the coordination groups toward methylmercury is
      clearly SeH greater than SH greater than or equal to Se-Se greater than NH2
      greater than S-S, SeCH3, SCH3. A definite correlation was found to exist between
      the mercury-proton coupling constants and the chemical shifts of methyl groups of
      the methylmercury complexes. A relationship between the order (Se greater than S
      greater than NH2) of affinity for methylmercury and the basicity (or
      electronegativity and covalent radius) of the donor groups was also discussed.
      These results suggest the high covalency of the CH3Hg-Se bond, which involves dpi
      dpi back bonding.

PMID- 698282
TI  - Induction by alpha-mercapto-beta-arylacrylic acids of low-molecular-weight zinc
      binding protein in rat liver.
AB  - Intraperitoneal injections of alpha-mercapto-beta-(2-furyl)acrylic acid (MFA)
      induced incorporation of zinc into a low-molecular-weight metalloprotein fraction
      in rat-liver cytosol. Cytosol of control rats contained little or none of this
      material. alpha-Mercapto-beta-(2-thienyl)acrylic acid induced less incorporation
      of zinc in this fraction than did MFA. Twenty-two hours after administration of
      65ZnSO4 (50 mumol/kg) and MFA (200 mumol/kg), serum concentrations of both total
      and radioisotopic zinc were markedly elevated, compared to serum concentrations
      in rats administered only 65ZnSO4. Further, in livers of MFA-treated rats,
      radioisotopic zinc concentration was significantly greater in all cytosol zinc
      containing proteins resolved by gel chromatography, but total zinc was elevated
      only in the metallothionein fraction and not in proteins of higher molecular
      weight. This appears to be the first example of induction of a metallothionein
      like protein by a procedure not involving food restriction or administration of
      metal salts.

PMID- 698283
TI  - Arsenic and cancer: effects of joint administration of arsenite and selenite on
      the genesis of mammary adenocarcinoma in inbred female C3H/St mice.
AB  - The joint administration of 2 ppm of arsenic as arsenite and of 2 ppm of selenium
      as selenite in the drinking water of inbred female C3H/St mice increases the
      incidence of spontaneous mammary adenocarcinoma significantly over the
      simultaneous controls and animals receiving 2 ppm As as arsenite or 2 ppm Se as
      selenite alone, indicating that arsenic abolishes the anticarcinogenic effect of
      selenium. Arsenite caused a significant increase of the tumor growth rates and
      raised the incidence of multiple tumors. The tumor growth rates in the As-Se
      group were also increased, but the incidence of multiple tumors was lower than in
      the 2 ppm As group.

PMID- 698284
TI  - Design of iron (III) chelates in oral treatment of anemia: solution properties
      and absorption of iron (III) acetohydroxamate in anemic rats.
AB  - The design and use of iron(III) chelates in the oral treatment of iron-deficiency
      anemia is discussed in terms of the following criteria: (1) the ability of a
      chelate to exist as a monomeric species even at physiological pH values, (2) the
      rate of transfer of iron from the chelate to the iron-transporting protein
      apotransferrin, (3) the rate of depolymerization of ferric citrate polymer by the
      free ligand, and (4) its nontoxicity and ability to regenerate hemoglobin levels
      in anemic rats. Detailed species distribution studies, stability constants, and
      kinetic data for iron(III) acetohydroxamate (criteria 1-3 above) show that it
      remains monomeric at physiological pH values and undergoes very rapid iron
      transfer with apotransferrin. Detailed animal studies show a significant increase
      in regeneration of hemoglobin in rats fed 2 ml of 4 mM Fe(III) acetohydroxamate
      daily when compared to rats fed similarly with Fe(III) citrate. A strong
      potential is thus indicated for Fe(III) acetohydroxamate as a source of iron in
      the anemic animal.

PMID- 698285
TI  - On the interaction of histone Hl and Hl peptides with DNA. Sedimentation, thermal
      denaturation and solubility studies.
AB  - The interactions in buffered 0.14 M NaCl (pH 7.0) of DNA, native or sonicated,
      with histone Hl and with its fragments N-Hl (residues 1-72) and C-Hl (residues 73
      COOH), have been studied by using the techniques of sedimentation, thermal
      denaturation and solubility. Histone Hl shows a preferential affinity for high
      molecular weight DNA in comparison with sonicated DNA. The binding of histone Hl
      to sonicated DNA in 0.14 M NaCl is reversible and the reversibility decreases
      with time. These findings are consistent with the view that Hl is cooperatively
      distributed along DNA molecules and that this distribution is energetically more
      favoured for long DNA than for sonicated DNA. It has been found that under
      conditions of moderate salt concentration, the C-terminal region is the main one
      responsible for the interaction of Hl with DNA, and also for a cooperative
      distribution of the histone along the DNA molecules. Addition of urea to the
      solution produces a decrease of solubility of Hl-DNA complexes. This effect
      reflects an additional condensation of the complex, which is probably related to
      the unfolding of the globular part of the histone. It is suggested that this
      globular region does not play a substantial role in the condensation of Hl-DNA
      complexes. A model which takes into account the presence of free lysyl and
      phosphate groups within the complex is discussed.

PMID- 698286
TI  - Comparative structural analysis of myosin after limited tryptic hydrolysis by use
      of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.
AB  - Polypeptides obtained by limited tryptic digestion of several myosins have been
      analyzed by a two-dimensional electrophoresis technique. The different maps thus
      obtained exhibit some common and distinct features specific of the myosins
      studied. Myosins from rabbit, fast and slow muscle and cardiac tissue, as well as
      beef cardiac myosin, have been compared. The polypeptides obtained vary in
      molecular weight from 120 000 60 15 000. The light chains LC1 and LC2, have
      disappeared. A peptide which comigrates with fast type LC3 is however found. The
      fast myosin hydrolyzate is very different from that obtained by the hydrolysis of
      slow and cardiac myosin. Numerous peptides are common to cardiac and slow
      myosins. However a few peptides are specific of the two myosin types. In the
      hydrolyzate from fetal calf myosin, some of the typical slow, fast and cardiac
      peptides can be found. However several apparently unique fetal peptides are also
      present. The comparison of the fetal calf tissue myosin hydrolyzate and that of
      [35S] methionine labeled myosin from myotubes in cultures shows qualitatively a
      very great homology. Thus the protein synthesized by cultured cells seems to be
      very similar to or the same as that of the embryonic tissue.

PMID- 698287
TI  - Origin of the acetyl moiety of acetylcholine in rat striatal synaptosomes: a
      specific pyruvate dehydrogenase involved in ACh synthesis?

PMID- 698288
TI  - A new method of preparation and some properties of 3-hydroxyproline.
AB  - The hydrolyzate of Delonix Regia seed extract is fractionated sequentially on
      Dowex 50 X 8 resin and on QAE Sephadex A 25. Purification is completed by
      recrystallisation from ethyl alcohol. 3-hydroxyproline is destroyed by NO2H and
      by chloramine T, which prevents from using most of the colorimetric reactions in
      use for 4-hydroxyproline. For its characterization, 3-hydroxyproline may be
      clearly separated from 4-hydroxyproline by TLC chromatography and by high voltage
      paper electrophoresis.

PMID- 698289
TI  - Conformation of snake toxic polypeptides studied by a method of prediction and
      circular dichroism.
AB  - Short and long neurotoxins as well as cardiotoxins belong to three distinct
      families of homologous toxic polypeptides extracted from cobra venoms. A study of
      their conformation was undertaken by using the method of Chou and Fasman for
      prediction of secondary structures of proteins. To improve the reliability of
      this method, an averaging scheme was developed. The data obtained showed that all
      toxins have a predominant trend for beta-sheet nucleation. Moreover, predicted
      beta-sheet strands fitted well those actually observed from X-ray data. Thus, it
      seems that all toxins share similarities in their secondary structure. This
      proposition was supported by a comparative study of the CD spectra of a set of
      toxins. Nevertheless, the present data suggest also that each type of toxins
      possesses localized structural individualities which might be responsible for the
      biological and/or immunological specificities.

PMID- 698290
TI  - Control of ferritin biosynthesis: are ribosomes the target of iron?

PMID- 698291
TI  - [Effect of rat intestinal mucosa lipids on mucosal phospholipase activity].

PMID- 698292
TI  - Characterization of human leukocyte beta-glucuronidase.

PMID- 698293
TI  - Some characteristics of protein disulfide isomerase (E.C.5.3.4.1) from wheat
      (Triticum vulgare) embryo.

PMID- 698294
TI  - Structural studies concerning human lactotransferrin: its relatedness with human
      serum transferrin and evidence for internal homology.

PMID- 698295
TI  - EEG alpha and non-alpha intervals alternation.

PMID- 698296
TI  - Recurrent inhibition and afterhyperpolarization: effects on neuronal discharge.

PMID- 698297
TI  - Sensitivity of a sensory process to short time delays: a study in pattern induced
      flicker collors (PIFCs).

PMID- 698298
TI  - Propagation of excitation in a model of neural system.

PMID- 698299
TI  - On optimal associative recall by an incomplete key.

PMID- 698300
TI  - The mathematical theory of lateral impedance of visual activity and an
      application of Markov processes.

PMID- 698301
TI  - [Ephedrine, salsoline and cytisine derivatives as substrates and inhibitirs of
      cholinesterases].
AB  - 25 iodomethylates of acetic, propionic, butyric, isobutyric and valeric esters of
      N-(beta-hydroxyethyl)-derivatives of ephedrine (I) pseudo-ephedrine (II),
      salsoline (III), salsolidine (IV) and cytisine (V) are studied as substrates and
      inhibitors of acetylcholine esterase (EC 3.1.1.8) from human erythrocytes and
      butyrylcholine esterase (EC 3.1.1.8) from horse serum. Butyrylcholine esterase
      found to increase the hydrolysis rate of all the alkaloid esters studied with the
      increase of acyl radical either to valerates (for ephedrine and pseudo-ephedrine
      derivatives), or to butyrates (for the rest alkaloids) and then it did not
      considerably change under further elongation of carbon chain up to valerate.
      Isobutyrates were observed to be similar to propionates in their hydrolysis
      rates. Acetylcholine esterase hydrolyzed acetates with the highest rate, while
      butyrates of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine derivatives were hydrolyzed by the
      enzyme 2,5-3-fold as slow as acetates. The rate of choline esterase hydrolysis
      decreased in the row: ephedrine--salsoline--cytisine with the volumetric increase
      of the cationic group. The decrease was almost 10-fold for butyrylcholine
      esterase, while a transition from "poor" substrates to reversible inhibitors was
      observed for acetylcholine esterase (3 of 5 cytisine esters were reversible
      inhibitors of the enzyme). The data obtained are compared with literary data on
      other cyclic choline esterase substrates; they are discussed from the viewpoint
      of unproductive binding hypothesis and on the basis of the structure of active
      centres of acetyl- and butyrylcholine esterases.

PMID- 698302
TI  - [Changes in activities of DNA-dependent RNA-polymerases from rat liver under
      influence of glycerol, dimethyl sulfoxide and polyethylene glycol-400].
AB  - Effects of glycerol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400
      on transcription of isolated nuclei and DNA in rat liver under the action of
      homologous RNA-polymerases I and II were studied. Addition of these organic
      compounds to the reaction mixture before initiation altered RNA synthesis on
      native DNA matrix. Addition of glycerol or DMSO to the synthesising system 1 and
      5 minutes after initiation of RNA synthesis had no effect on the rate of
      transcription. PEG-400 inhibited incorporation of 3H-UTP into newly-synthesized
      independently of the time of its introduction to the reaction mixture. The data
      obtained suggest that the compounds under study may impair the formation of
      initiation complex of RNA polymerase with DNA and alter RNA synthesis in isolated
      nuclei of rat liver.

PMID- 698303
TI  - [Properties of 2 fibrin monomer forms which differ in the degree of thrombin
      activation. Relation of these 2 forms to specific polymerization inhibitors].
AB  - The inhibitory effect of fibrinogen and its fragment D on the clotting of two
      fibrin monomer species has been studied. One of them (f0) lacks peptides A and B,
      the other (fB) preserves peptides B. The inhibitors retard the clotting of f0 but
      fail to influence fB polymerization. This means that the peptide B removal and
      appearance of the active site B in the central (E) domain of the fibrin molecule
      is a prerequisite for the inhibitory effect of fibrinogen or fragment D. The
      specificity of this effect suggests that fragment D and the periferal D-domains
      of fibrinogen possess a special site (B') which reacts selectively with the
      fibrin active site B to block polymerization. The present investigation has
      demonstrated the importance of the H-bond system formation for B-B' sites
      interaction.

PMID- 698304
TI  - [Preparation and characteristics of carboxymethylated lysozyme derivatives].
AB  - Hen egg-white lysozyme (EC 3.2.1.17) was carboxymethylated with iodoacetic acid
      and the individual products of various degree of modification were isolated by
      column chromatography on Amberlite CG-50. Peptide mapping of the products
      obtained reveals that His-15, Lys-1, -33, -96 (or -97) residues are blocked; the
      Lys-13 and -116 residues are unmodified. Salt activation of the carboxymethylated
      derivatives is facilitated with the increase of the number of modified groups;
      this fact is consistent with the increased lytic activity and affinity to
      substrate of the derivatives at lowered ionic strength.

PMID- 698305
TI  - [Determination of a primary structure of abnormal D-like hemoglobin isolated from
      a blood donor].
AB  - Abnormal hemoglobin with contents 40% was isolated from the blood of a donor. It
      was purified, its chains were separated, and the defect was found to locate at
      beta-chain. Abnormal betaT13 peptide was found under the separation of tryptic
      hydrolysate. Data on its amino acid composition, electrophoretic mobility as well
      as attempts to determine its N-terminal amino acid and N-terminal sequence made
      possible to identify the location and the character of the amino acid
      substitution in the abnormal hemoglobin. The first case of the presence of
      hemoglobin D Penjab alpha2beta2(121Glu leads to Gln) among the Russian population
      is described.

PMID- 698306
TI  - [Analysis of the interaction of glucocorticoid receptors obtained from rat liver
      with DNA in a aqueous dextran-polyethylene glycol biphasic system].
AB  - The binding of the receptor-glucocorticoid complexes from rat liver cells to DNA
      has been studied in an aqueous dextran-polyethylene glycol biphasic system. It
      has been shown that the capacity of DNA for binding hormone-receptor complexes is
      very large, and that no saturation is observed at physiological concentrations of
      the glucocorticoid receptor. The linear binding curve is indicative of low
      affinity of the DNA acceptor sites for the complexes. Cell cytosol contains
      substances which inhibit the binding of the receptor-dexamethasone complexes to
      homologous DNA.

PMID- 698307
TI  - [Biosynthesis and excretion of cholesterol in mice of line SWR with hereditary
      atherosclerosis and effects of multifunctional microsomal oxidase inducer on
      these processes].

PMID- 698308
TI  - [Light-induced electron transport and coupled processes in photosystem-I-enriched
      digitonin fragments obtained from pea chloroplasts].

PMID- 698309
TI  - [Effect of detergents on the main respiratory chain and cyanide-resistant pathway
      of electron tranfer of Candida lipolytica yeast mitochondria].
AB  - Effects of detergents--triton X-100 and deoxycholate--on the main respiratory
      chain and cyanide-resistant electron transfer pathway in the mitochondria of
      Candida lipolytica yeast were studied. Triton X-100 and deoxycholate were shown
      to completely inhibit the activity of alternative oxidase at concentrations of
      0.7 and 1.2 mM, respectively. At these concentrations the detergents did not
      inhibit the activity of the main respiratory chain. The inhibiting effect of
      triton X-100 was exerted both in the presence of Mg2+ and without them, whereas
      the inhibiting action of deoxycholate was observed in the presence of Mg2+. The
      addition of asolektine in the presence of Mg2+ prevented the inhibiting effect of
      detergents. These data lead us to the conclusion that inhibition of electron
      transfer through the alternative pathway is caused by separation of alternative
      oxidase from the main respiratory chain with the disturbance of structural
      integrity of inner mitochondrial membrane under the action of detergents.
      Inhibition of electron transfer in the alternative pathway does not decrease the
      rate of oxygen consumption by mitochondria. Therefore, the main respiratory chain
      in the presence of detergents can provide for transfer of all reducing
      equivalents which were earlier transferred both by the respiratory chain itself
      and by alternative oxidase.

PMID- 698310
TI  - [Post-transcriptional association of RNP particles with chromatin in Zajdela
      ascities hepatoma cells].
AB  - The interrelationship between nuclear RNP particles and chromatin in Zajdela
      hepatoma cells double labelled with 3H-thymidine and 14C-uridine was investigated
      by three independent methods (Nucleoprotein-Celite chromatography, sucrose
      density and CsCl band centrifugations). All nuclear RNP particles were found to
      be associated with the chromatin. Some of chromatin-associated RNA molecules are
      polyadenylated, thus indicating the post-transcriptional character of this
      association. DNA and RNA molecules in these complexes are bound through protein
      rather than being connected directly. The site of contact between RNP particle
      and chromatin is relatively resistant to the action of DNase I and pancreatic
      RNase. The experiments with exogeneous labelled RNP particles added to isolated
      nuclei do not reveal the formation of artificial RNP-chromatin complexes. The
      results obtained are discussed in the light of current views on the nucleus-to
      cytoplasm transport of RNA molecules.

PMID- 698311
TI  - [Cleavage of bacteriophage PM2 DNA by S1 nuclease].
AB  - The kinetics of cleavage of superhelical PM2 DNA by the single strand-specific S1
      nuclease is studied at various salt concentrations (0.01--1 MNaCl) by
      electrophoresis in neutral and alkaline agarose gels. Cleavage of different DNA
      forms (superhelical DNA I, relaxed circular DNA II and linear DNA III) is
      described by the kinetic equations of the first order, and respective rate
      constants k1, k2, and k3 are determined at all salt concentrations used. It is
      shown that a high salt concentration (not lower than 0.2 MNaCl) is necessary for
      high specificity of S1 nuclease action on DNA regions with impaired base pairing.
      Examination of the S1 nuclease preparation action on superhelical PM2 DNA may be
      used as a convenient and reliable assay of its specificity.

PMID- 698312
TI  - [Kinetics of (C14) thymidine metabolism in hepatomas and tissues from normal and
      tumor-bearing animals].
AB  - The incorporation of 14C-thymidine into DNA and the acid-soluble fraction of
      mouse hepatomas 22A and 48 and into DNA of rat Zajdela hepatoma as well as into
      corresponding fractions of liver, spleen and thymus of normal organisms and tumor
      bearing animals, was studied. Ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose disks
      was used to study distribution of the 14C-thymidine label between nucleosides,
      nucleotides, and nucleoside di- and triphosphates of the cell pool. The
      distribution of the label as early as 5 to 10 minutes after administration of 14C
      thymidine  was found to be specific for each tissue studied and remains unchanged
      for at least 1 hour. Specific radioactivity (per mg DNA) of the acid-soluble
      fraction in 22A hepatoma is declined from the original high level very rapidly
      from the first minutes following administration of labelled thymidine with a
      corresponding increase in the specific radioactivity of DNA. The character of the
      both curves depends on the growth rate of hepatomas studied. Systemic effect of
      the highly malignant hepatomas manifests itself in their successful competition
      with the host's tissues for the vital precursor--thymidine. This phenomenon
      entails a drastic suppression of the incorporation of thymidine into the
      immunocompetent host's organs--spleen of mice and thymus of rats.

PMID- 698313
TI  - [Nature of changes in the fluorescence process of P700-enriched chloroplast
      fragments].
AB  - Spectral and photochemical properties of P700-enriched chloroplast fragments,
      obtained by ether treatment of liophylized digitonin fragments, were studied. It
      was shown that time course of fluorescence changes of isolated fragments (in
      contrast to digitonin fragments) at 20 degrees does not correspond to time course
      of absorption changes at 700 nm. Differences in low temperature fluorescence
      spectra of fragments, initially distinguished by redox states of photosystem 1
      reaction centers were found. However, the fragments under study were incapable of
      light-induced changes of fluorescence yield at--196 degrees, independently of
      spectral region of measured fluorescence (lambda greater than 660 nm or lambda
      greater than 710 nm), though these fragments reveal phototransformation of P700.
      Thus changes in the low temperature fluorescence spectra cannot be accounted for
      by redox changes of P700. The fragments, isolated by ether treatment at 20
      degrees as well at--196 degrees do not reveal light-induced fluorescence changes
      caused by redox changes of P700. The fluorescence changes observed may be due to
      accessory photoprocesses of chlorophyllprotein complex.

PMID- 698314
TI  - [Distribution of 5-methylcytosine in pyrimidine oligonucleotides of higher plant
      DNA].
AB  - The level of pyrimidine clusters (isopliths) and distribution of 5-methylcytosine
      in DNAs of some archegonial (ferns, ginkgo) and flowering (cordyline, tulip,
      wheat) plants has been studied. DNA from Cordyline australis (Liliaceae) is one
      of the GC-type (GC = 57.5 mol.%), has very low methylation level (amount of m5C
      is about 1 mol.%) and significantly differs from other species DNAs studied in
      terms of pyrimidine distribution patterns, i.e. amount of dipyrimidine fragments
      is higher than that of monopyrimidine ones. All other plant DNAs under study are
      of the AT-type, have similar pyrimidine distribution patterns and are
      characterized by high degree of pyrimidine blocking; specific differences in the
      level (approximately 10-fold) and type of genome methylation are found. In all
      DNAs studied 5-methylcytosine is unevenly distributed in pyrimidine isopliths:
      the degree of cytosine methylation [m5C(C+m5C)] is decreased with an increase in
      the length of isopliths, irrespective of the ratio of thymine and cytosine
      residues. 5-methylcytosine is mainly accumulated in mono- and dipyrimidine
      fragments (60--68%). Specific differences in 5-methylcytosine content in
      trinucleotides and long-chain pyrimidine oligonucleotides are revealed.

PMID- 698315
TI  - [Effect of glucose admixtures in fructose specimen on the growth (yield of
      biomass) of Streptomyces roseoflavus var. roseofungini].

PMID- 698316
TI  - [Effect of tributyl tin chloride on the change in oxidation-reduction potential
      of the environment in the growth of the river microflora].

PMID- 698317
TI  - [Conformational instability of viral RNA and the specificity of the assembly of
      tobacco mosaic virus].

PMID- 698318
TI  - [Metabolism of the erythrocytes and their form under conditions of cranio
      cerebral hypothermia].

PMID- 698319
TI  - [Mechanism of biological effect of helium-neon laser irradiation].

PMID- 698320
TI  - [Cholinergic effect, provoked by stimulation of cat's anterior hypothalamus, on
      the contractility of skeletal muscle].

PMID- 698321
TI  - [Protein content in the hippocampal neurons during development of the local motor
      food conditioned reflexes].

PMID- 698322
TI  - Umbilical vein-artery differences of plasma amino acids in the last trimester of
      human pregnancy.
AB  - The plasma levels of 20 free amino acids in the umbilical veins and umbilical
      arteries of 8 premature (29--36 weeks gestation) and 16 mature (38--42 weeks
      gestation) newborn infants were measured at delivery. In premature newborn
      infants, most of the 20 amino acids were significantly higher in the umbilical
      vein than in the umbilical artery. Only glutamic acid was significantly lower in
      the umbilical vein than in the umbilical artery. In mature newborn infants, 7
      (Ala, Lys, Leu, Val, Ile, Phe and His) of the 20 plasma amino acids were
      significantly higher and 4 (Glu, Gly, Ser and Orn) were significantly lower in
      the umbilical vein than in the umbilical artery. These results indicate that the
      relative contribution of individual amino acids to the placental supply of
      nitrogen to the human fetus discernibly changes with increasing fetal age during
      the last trimester of gestation.

PMID- 698323
TI  - Balance of net base in the rat. III. Effects of oral sodium bicarbonate and
      sodium citrate loading.
AB  - The balance of net base in groups of male weanling Wistar rats exposed to
      sustained oral loads of net base were studied. In response to dietary loads of
      sodium bicarbonate (approx. 50 mmol.kg-1.day-1) an average increment in the mean
      rate of retention of net base of 21.8 mmol.kg-1.day-1 was observed in the absence
      of significant changes in the blood 'base excess'. Following withdrawal of sodium
      bicarbonate, mean rates of gastrointestinal absorption, renal excretion, and
      retention of net base promptly returned to control values, accumulated net base
      being retained in the body, presumably as skeletal sodium carbonate. In response
      to equimolar loads of net base in the form of trisodium citrate, a similar,
      albeit less pronounced, rise in the rate of retention of net base occurred.

PMID- 698324
TI  - Perinatal methadone exposure in rats. Effects on body and organ development.
AB  - The effects of maternal methadone (5 mg/kg methadone-HCl) administration during
      gestation and/or lactation on gross body measurements, absolute organ weights,
      dry weights, and tissue water content were studied in 21-day-old Sprague-Dawley
      rats. Offsprings perinatally exposed to methadone had significantly lower body
      weights, crown to rump lengths, tail lengths and head diameters. In contrast to
      age-control values, absolute organ weights of the adrenals, brain, heart,
      kidneys, liver, lungs, muscle, and testes were reduced in all drug-treated
      groups; the spleen, thymus, and ovaries of some methadone groups were also
      lighter in weight. Organ:body weight ratios revealed fewer significant
      differences than recorded for absolute weights. Dry weights and tissue water
      content of the kidneys, liver and muscle were affected in all drug-treated
      animals; other organs were markedly affected by at least one schedule of
      methadone administration. These results suggest that perinatal methadone exposure
      has detrimental effects on preweaning organ and body development that may be of
      long-term functional consequence to the animal.

PMID- 698325
TI  - Relationship between fatty acids and lipid peroxidation in lungs of neonates.
AB  - Triglycerides from the lungs of neonatal rats and mice were found to contain
      large amounts of the polyunsaturated fatty acids, arachidonate (20:4) and
      docosahexaeonoate (22:6). These fatty acids were diminished or absent in the
      triglycerides from the lungs of adult rats and mice and both neonatal and adult
      guinea pigs. No age-related changes were observed in the fatty acid composition
      of lung phospholipids in any of these species. The presence of arachidonic acid
      and docosahexaenoic acid in lung triglycerides correlated with the ability of
      these lungs to peroxidize lipids in vitro in all species. Depletion of lung
      triglycerides in neonatal rats by fasting abolished this lipid peroxidizing
      activity.

PMID- 698326
TI  - Comparative toxicity of caffeine and aminophylline (theophylline ethylenediamine)
      in young and adult rats.
AB  - The toxicity of aminophylline and caffeine was studied in adult and 2-day-old
      rats following a single subcutaneous injection of the respective drug. Following
      the injection of high doses of either methylxanthine, adult rats developed
      convulsions, tremors, lethargy and licking of lips. In adult rats, the LD50 of
      caffeine and aminophylline was the same after 24 h and after 1 week of
      observation: caffeine 265 mg/kg, and aminophylline 202 mg/kg (theophylline base
      172 mg/kg). In young rats, the LD50 was greater when the observation was carried
      out for 1 week than at 24 h after the injection; at 24 h: caffeine 220 mg/kg, and
      aminophylline 169 mg/kg (theophylline base 144 mg/kg); at 1 week: caffeine 155
      mg/kg, and aminophylline 140 mg/kg (theophylline base 119 mg/kg). Young rats
      failed to gain weight at a normal rate after administration of either
      methylxanthine. The greater toxicity of both methylxanthines in newborn animals
      may be at least partly due to the extremely slow elimination of theophylline and
      caffeine in the neonate.

PMID- 698327
TI  - Possible involvement of growth hormone in the pathogenesis of early neonatal
      hypocalcemia in infants of diabetic mothers.
AB  - The concentrations of plasma calcium and plasma growth hormone were determined up
      to 30 h of age in 10 infants of diabetic mothers (IDM) and 9 healthy infants.
      Plasma calcitonin was determined in all IDM and 5 control infants. The results
      are discussed in relation to the pathogenesis of early neonatal hypocalcemia.

PMID- 698328
TI  - Proteolytic activity of maternal serum on newborn IgD-positive lymphocytes. Study
      with protease inhibitors.
AB  - We studied the effect of maternal serum on the surface IgD of newborn lymphocytes
      in the presence of protease inhibitors (epsilon-aminocaproic acid and Trasylol).
      Contact with maternal serum caused a significant reduction (p less than 0.000001)
      in the percentage of neonatal IgD-positive cells. The addition of either epsilon
      aminocaproic acid or Trasylol significantly reduced this action of maternal serum
      (p l-ess than 0.00001 and p less than 0.0001), without difference between the
      effects of the two inhibitors (p greater than 0.05). We suggest, therefore, that
      activity of maternal serum is due, at least in part, to proteolytic enzymes, such
      as plasmin. The relative role of plasminogen and alpha2-macroglobulin in the
      incapacity of the newborn serum to reduce the number of IgD-positive lymphocytes
      is discussed.

PMID- 698329
TI  - Cardiac myopathies in neonatal lambs: histological and histochemical studies.
AB  - White muscle disease (WMD), a selenium-responsive cardiac myopathy in neonatal
      lambs has been described from southern Iran. 15 lambs in terminal condition were
      referred to our lab. All the lambs were observed with the affected hearts. The
      lambs examined were between the postnatal ages of 1 week and 3 months. Gross
      changes included chalky-white appearance of entire endocardium of right ventricle
      and subendocardial plaques in the interventricular septum and left ventricular
      wall. Histologically the affected myofibrils showed swelling, acidophilia,
      fragmentation, segmental and patchy myonecrosis, round muscle cell nuclei, loss
      of sarcoplasm and sarcolemmal collapse. Purkinje fibers were relatively
      unaffected. Histochemical studies including Von Kossa and other stains indicated
      marked deposition of calcium salts in the cytoplasm of the damaged myofibrils.
      Calcium salts appeared as uniform, fine granules in relation to individual fiber
      striations. It appears that rapid accumulation of calcium into the damaged cells
      possibly interferes with the mitochondrial activity. As mitochondria bind
      excessive calcium, their capacity to respire and phosphorylate is depressed thus
      causing myocardial necrosis. The cardiac myopathy noted in our investigation is
      probably due to selenium deficiency in the soil of southern Iran. When selenium
      was given, it resulted in the fast recovery of the affected neonatal lambs.
      Moreover, no further cases of this disease (WMD) were reported after such
      treatments.

PMID- 698330
TI  - The supply of citrate to the sheep fetus.
AB  - In situ placental perfusion has been used to study the role of the sheep placenta
      in fetal citrate metabolism. The perfusate citrate concentrations rose steadily
      to values higher than in fetal plasma. This rise was not influenced by
      intravenous administration of citrate to the ewe. Concentration and
      electropotential gradients indicate that transplacental passage is unlikely and
      the rise is probably due to placental synthesis. However, the quantity of citrate
      supplied to the fetus was calculated to be small compared with the fetal
      metabolic rate. Comparison with the guinea pig shows close similarity in fetal
      plasma concentrations and the amount of citrate formed per unit weight of fetus.

PMID- 698332
TI  - [A new technique for continuous in vivo measurements with ionselective disc
      electrodes: the course of K+- and Ca++-concentrations in the blood of alert rats
      after single injections (author's transl)].

PMID- 698331
TI  - Cardiovascular responses to autonomic blockade in brain-injured fetal lambs.
AB  - The cardiovascular responses to autonomic blockade were investigated in 15 late
      gestation fetal lambs in utero. 4 animals had normal brains and 11 had
      hydranencephalic-like cerebral injury secondary to bilateral carotid artery
      obstruction (BCO). Following atropine administration, heart rate increased only
      0.7 +/- 0.7% in the BCO lambs compared to 25.7 +/- 5.2% in the controls. alpha
      Blockade with phentolamine resulted in a small decrease in systolic (2.2 +/-
      0.8%) and diastolic (1.8 +/- 1.4%) blood pressure, and beta-blockade with
      propranolol produced a small decrease in heart rate (2.5 +/- 0.8%) as compared to
      control fetuses. Post mortem examination revealed extensive destruction of the
      cerebrum but normal hypothalamus and brain stem. These data suggest that
      supramedullary modification of autonomic cardiovascular control involves the
      cerebrum.

PMID- 698333
TI  - [A system for measuring small flow velocities of physiological fluids (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 698334
TI  - [Assessment of recirculating dialysis systems (RSP)--mathematical theory and
      application (authors transl)].

PMID- 698335
TI  - [Comparison of different methods of measuring blood flow from digital angiograms
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 698336
TI  - Drug tolerance and biomembranes.
AB  - Our understanding of the structure and function of biomembranes is now at a stage
      where we can begin to examine drug actions on the membrane bilayer. Cells need a
      certain optimal degree of fluidity in their membranes and some organisms can
      adapt their membrane composition to maintain the appropriate fluidity under
      changing environmental conditions. Chronic administration of membrane-disrupting
      drugs may evoke such an adaptive process, which would show itself in vivo as drug
      tolerance.

PMID- 698337
TI  - Pancreatic lipase and ketogenic conditions.

PMID- 698338
TI  - Selective deficiencies in complement component : a family with hereditary C2
      deficiency.
AB  - We report herein a new case of C2 deficiency in a patient with systemic lupus.
      The subject and one of her brothers, who shows no clinical manifestations, are
      hymozygous C2 deficient. All other family members are heterozygous for the C2
      deficiency. Gene for C2 deficiency (C2d) was shown to be inherited with HLA-A9,
      B7/Bfs and HLA-A10, B27/Bfs haplotypes. This association has not previously been
      described.

PMID- 698339
TI  - Prediction of the conformation of the cow and sheep kappa-caseins.
AB  - The secondary structures of cow and sheep kappa-caseins were established
      according to the predictive rules of Chou and Fasman. The diagrams derived from
      this treatment allowed us to study the chymosin sensitive bond (milk-clotting
      process), as well as the glycosylation and phosphorylation sites, found to be
      situated in beta-turns. Despite a high variability between the primary structures
      of the COOH-terminal part (caseinoglycopeptide) of cow, sheep, and also other
      caseins, the secondary structures of the biologically important sites were found
      to be conserved.

PMID- 698340
TI  - Formation of "solvent-free" black lipid bilayer membranes from glyceryl
      monooleate dispersed in squalene.
AB  - A simple technique for forming "black" lipid bilayer membranes containing
      negligible amounts of alkyl solvent is described. The membranes are formed by the
      method of Mueller et al (Circulation. 1962. 26:1167.) from glyceryl monooleate
      (GMO) dispersed in squalene. The squalene forms an annulus to satisfy the
      boundary conditions of the planar bilayer but does not appear to dissolve
      noticeably in the bilayer itself. The specific geometric capacitance (Cg) of the
      membranes at 20 degrees C formed by this technique is 0.7771 +/- 0.0048 muF/cm2.
      Theoretical estimates of Cg for solvent-free bilayers range from 0.75 to 0.81
      muF/cm2. Alkane-free GMO bilayers formed from n-octadecane by the solvent freeze
      out method of White (Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1974. 356:8) have values of Cg =
      0.7903 +/- 0.0013 muF/cm2 at 20.5 degrees C. The agreement between the various
      values of Cg strongly suggests that the bilayers are free of squalene. DC
      potentials applied to the bilayers have no detectable effect on the value of Cg,
      as expected for solvent-free films. The ability to form bilayers essentially free
      of the solvent used in the forming solution makes it possible to determine the
      area per molecule of the surface active lipid in the bilayer. The area per
      molecule of GMO at 20 degrees C is estimated to be 37.9 +/- 0.2 A2.

PMID- 698342
TI  - Primary intermediates in the photochemical cycle of bacteriorhodopsin.
AB  - Picosecond studies of the primary photochemical events in the light-adapted
      bacteriorhodopsin, bR570, indicate that the first metastable intermediate K610 is
      formed with a rise time of 11 ps. Difference spectra obtained at 50 ps after
      excitation show that K610 is the same species as that trapped in low temperature
      glasses. A precursor species (S) of the K610 intermediate has been observed which
      is red shifted with respect to K610 and is formed within the 6-ps time width of
      the excitation pulse. The formation of the precursor has no observable thermal
      dependence between 298 degrees and 1.8 degrees K. The formation of K610 has a
      very low thermal barrier and at very low temperatures, the rate of formation
      becomes practically temperature independent which is characteristic of a
      tunneling process. The rate of formation becomes practically temperature
      independent which is characteristic of a tunneling process. The rate of formation
      of K610 has a moderate deuterium isotope effect of kH/kD approximately 1.6 at 298
      degrees K and 2.4 at 4 degrees K. The mechanism for formation of K610 is found to
      involve a rate-limiting proton transfer which occurs by tunneling at low
      temperatures.

PMID- 698341
TI  - Laser Raman light-scattering observations of conformational changes in myosin
      induced by inorganic salts.
AB  - The Raman spectra of aqueous solutions of myosin and mixtures of myosin in
      solutions of the salts CaCl(2), MgCl(2), and LiBr have been taken. The spectrum
      of the solvent background has been subtracted by means of a computer, leaving
      only the Raman peaks of the protein. From an analysis of the Raman bands in the
      regions at 900, 940, 1,240-1,300, and 1,650-1,670 cm(-1), it seems likely that
      CaCl(2) effects an alpha-to beta-transition in myosin, probably owing to the
      interaction of the Ca(2+) ion, LiBr appears to denature the protein leading to
      increased random coil structure, and MgCl(2) appears to have an effect
      intermediate between the two other salts. These results are reported for
      concentrations as low as 10(-5) M of CaCl(2) and MgCl(2).This investigation
      indicates the usefulness of the Raman light-scattering technique for the study of
      protein conformational changes.

PMID- 698343
TI  - Picosecond and steady state, variable intensity and variable temperature emission
      spectroscopy of bacteriorhodopsin.
AB  - The bacteriorhodopsin emission lifetime at 77 degrees K has been obtained for
      different regions of the emission spectrum with single-pulse excitation. The data
      under all conditions yield a lifetime of 60 +/- 15 ps. Intensity effects on this
      lifetime have been ruled out by studying the relative emission amplitude as a
      function of the excitation pulse energy. We relate our lifetime to previously
      reported values at other temperatures by studying the relative emission quantum
      efficiency as a function of temperature. These variable temperature studies have
      indicated that an excited state with an emission maximum at 670 nm begins to
      contribute to the spectrum as the temperature is lowered. Within our experimental
      error the picosecond data seem to suggest that this new emission may arise from a
      minimum of the same electronic state responsible for the 77 degrees K emission at
      720 nm. A correlation is noted between a 1.0-ps formation time observed in
      absorption by Ippen et al. (Ippen, E.P., C.V. Shank, A. Lewis, and M.A. Marcus.
      1978. Subpicosecond spectroscopy of bacteriorhodopsin. Science [wash. D.C.].
      200:1279-1281 and a time extrapolated from relative quantum efficiency
      measurements and the 77 degrees K fluorescence lifetime that we report.

PMID- 698344
TI  - Fluorescein excitation and emission polarization spectra in living cells: changes
      during the cell cycle.
AB  - Changes in the fluorescein fluorescence emission and excitation polarization
      spectra in synchronized cultured S3 fibroblasts at G1, mid-S, and mitosis, as
      well as in human lymphocytes before and after stimulation with mitogens, were
      studied. In contrast to those measured in aqueous solutions the emission and
      excitation polarization spectra in living cells exhibit a wavelength dependence
      characteristic for the state of the cell cycle. Changes in the temperature and in
      the amount of intracellular water result in quantitative wavelength-independent
      changes in the polarization spectra. Possible mechanisms for the qualitative
      wavelength-dependent changes in the fluorescein emission and excitation
      polarization spectra during the cell cycle are discussed.

PMID- 698345
TI  - Structure determination of lipid bilayers.
AB  - A method of determining the phases of X-ray reflections from oriented model
      membrane systems at low resolution is described. The method involves
      deconvolution and requires that d less than or equal to 2v where v is the width
      of the head group region within the bilayer and d is the thickness of the
      bilayer. The method can be used with a single set of X-ray data and applies to
      lipid bilayers which have a relatively constant density in the hydrocarbon
      region. Phases for the first five or six orders of phosphatidylethanolamine and
      lecithin are derived. A refined analysis based upon deconvolution but using
      information inherent in the Fourier profile is also described.

PMID- 698346
TI  - Water and hermal diffusivity in a lipid-water smectic phase.
AB  - We report the first application of light scattering to measurement of the
      hydrodynamic relaxation of inhomogeneities in water concentration within a
      multilamellar, or smectic A, phospholipid water system (dipalmitoyl) phosphatidyl
      choline). Although the relaxation process in the multilamellar phase is different
      from the diffusion process in liquid phases, the relaxation rate can be described
      in terms of a diffusion coefficient. For diffusion parallel to the lamellae,
      diffusion coefficients ranging from 8 x 10(-7) to 2 x 10(-5) cm2/s were measured
      over a range of temperature and water concentrations. We describe a model that
      expresses the diffusion coefficient in terms of the chemical potential for water
      inside the multilamellar phase and the effective thickness of a "free water
      zone." The deduced thickness of this free water zone is in good agreement with
      estimates from X-ray diffraction results. The activation energy for the diffusion
      process is also deduced from the data, and is found to decrease monotonically
      with increasing water concentration. We also found the thermal diffusivity to be
      about 10(-3) cm2/s with only a weak temperature and water concentration
      dependence. The experimental technique is a new version of forced Rayleigh
      scattering. The method uses the phase information of the scattered light to
      improve the ability to detect weak signals. Experimental details are reported.

PMID- 698347
TI  - A molecular mechanism of the energetic coupling of a sequence of electron
      transfer reactions to endergonic reactions.
AB  - A molecular mechanism of the energetic coupling of a sequence of electron
      transfer reactions to endergonic reactions is proposed and discussed from a
      physical point of view. The scheme represents a synthesis of concepts of electron
      transfer by tunneling and the conformational and chemiosmotic aspects of energy
      coupling processes. Its relation to existing experimental information and
      theoretical models is discussed, and further experimental tests are suggested.

PMID- 698348
TI  - Changes of intracellular Ca++ as measured by arsenazo III in relation to the K
      permeability of human erythrocyte ghosts.
AB  - A Ca-sensitive dye, arsenazo III, has been incorporated into resealed human
      erythrocyte ghosts and calibrated to monitor continuously micromolar
      concentrations of intracellular ionized Ca ([Ca++]i). When the external
      concentration of Ca is much greater than [Ca++]i, [Ca++]i increases because of a
      net balance between Ca influx and efflux. Dynamic changes in [Ca++]i regulate K
      efflux, which in turn may influence the rate of Ca influx. A procedure for
      purifying arsenazo III is also described.

PMID- 698349
TI  - Internal cesium alters sodium inactivation in Myxicola.
AB  - When Myxicola giant axons are internally dialyzed with Cs+ as the sole cation,
      the time-course of prepulse inactivation is selectively accelerated compared to
      its rate with K+ dialysis in the same axons. This decrease in tauph occurs
      without any change in the magnitude or time-course of INa during step
      depolarizations and results in tauph/taush ratios near unity over most of the
      potential range in Cs+ dialyzed axons.

PMID- 698350
TI  - Temperature effects on gating currents in the squid giant axon.
AB  - The effects of temperature (3 degrees-26 degrees C) on the nonlinear components
      of the displacement current were measured in internally perfused, voltage clamped
      squid axons. Steps of potential were applied from a holding potential of -70mV
      (outside ground) to values from -130 to +70mV and either the current or its
      integral (charge) was recorded as a function of time. For that component of the
      charge movement not linearly related to voltage, the total charge moved in a few
      milliseconds (about 1,500 electronic charges/micron2) between saturation limits
      (e.g. -100mV to +50mV) showed an apparent increase of 13 +/- 5% for a 10 degrees
      C rise in temperature. Attempts to fit the falling phase of the gating current
      (or charge) with the sum of two exponentials showed temperature effects on both
      components but there was considerable scattering. At short times, records for
      current or charge made at 16 degrees C, expanded by a factor alpha, superimposed
      on those made at 6 degrees C for alpha about 1.6. For long times alpha was about
      2.3.

PMID- 698351
TI  - Study of DNA sequence supraorganization by intramolecular renaturation.

PMID- 698352
TI  - Polypeptide models of collagen. II. Solution properties of (Pro-Gly-Phe)n.

PMID- 698353
TI  - Conformational characteristics of the RNA subunit ApA from energy minimization
      studies.

PMID- 698354
TI  - Kinetic study of denaturation and subsequent reduction of disulfide bonds of
      lysozyme by the rapid ultrasonic absorption measurement.

PMID- 698355
TI  - Determination of dielectric properties of a high-molecular-weight DNA.

PMID- 698356
TI  - Temperature dependence of nonideality in concentrated solutions of hemoglobin.

PMID- 698357
TI  - A new model to describe enzyme inactivation.

PMID- 698358
TI  - [Optimal structure of the arterial network of skeletal muscles].
AB  - A criterion of the optimal structure of muscle arterial network consisting in the
      minimization of its hydraulic resistance is proposed. Application of this
      criterion allows one to determine the relationship between the mean values of
      diameters of vessels of different "orders of branching". Dependence of hydraulic
      resistance, volumes, blood-flow velocity and pressure in vessels of various
      calibres on the number of the "order of branching" was established. Rough
      quantitative estimates are given for the potential increase in the bloodflow of
      the working muscle as compared to the resting one.

PMID- 698359
TI  - [Effect of dehydration on the interstitial cells of the renal papilla].
AB  - There are two types of cells in the population of the interstitial cells of the
      albino rat renal papilla basement; these types differ by the development of
      endoplasmic reticulum. The cells with poorly developed reticulum prevail in the
      intact rats. The cells with highly developed reticulum characterise the renal
      tissue of dehydrated rats. It is suggested that the main function of the
      interstitial cells is connected with the activity of the granular endoplasmic
      reticulum.

PMID- 698360
TI  - [Deformation of the transpulmonary pressure plateau in experimental pulmonary
      emphysema].
AB  - Deformation of the transpulmonary pressure plateau occurring during the
      interruption of air flow for 0.5 s is described in 8 healthy rabbits and in 9
      animals with experimental emphysema induced by the intravenous injection of
      licopodium spores. The greatest plateau deformity was seen in healthy animals
      during inspiration, averaging 20 cm H2O. In sick rabbits the degree of deformity
      was decreased by 13 cm H2O on the average. The plateau deformity was the same in
      expiration in healthy and sick animals, averaging 7 cm H2O. The direction of
      changes in the strain of respiratory muscles in response to inspiration or
      expiration during the air flow interruption was controlled by recording the
      pressure in the bronchus, whose amplitude of respiratory variations considerably
      exceeded such of transpulmonary pressure. Inspiratory plateau deformity is
      regarded to be the result of active sucking action of the lungs, and expiratory
      plateau deformity--as their active contraction under conditions of the air flow
      interruption.

PMID- 698361
TI  - [Electrical activity of motor unit action potentials following spinal cord
      injury].
AB  - The author studied the action potentials (AP) duration of the gastrocnemius and
      the tibial muscles motor units (MU) in patients with the spinal cord trauma by
      means of local electromyography. The AP duration of the gastrocnemius decreased
      by 27% on the average, and of the tibial muscle--by 38% in comparison with the
      normal age values. There was no direct dependence between the reduction of the AP
      duration of the gastrocnemius and the tibial muscle MU on the spinal cord
      affection level, the posttraumatic period duration, and the spastic syndrome
      expression. Changes in the AP duration of the MU were apparently due to different
      degree of the atrophic process resulting from prolonged adynamia.

PMID- 698362
TI  - [Monoamine content in the motor region of the cerebral cortex following damage to
      the symmetrical area of the opposite hemisphere].
AB  - On 8 cats chronic experiments were carried out to determine
      (spectrofluorometrically) the content of serotonin, dopamine, and noradrenaline
      in the sigmoid region of the left cerebral hemisphere on the second, third,
      forth, fifth, eighth days after the removal of the cortex of the symmetrical
      region of the right hemisphere. On the second day, at the time of maximum
      disorders of the locomotor function, dopamine content was found to decrease;
      there was also a tendency to reduction of noradrenaline and serotonin. On the
      third, and the fifth--eighth days, at the period of the locomotor activity
      restoration, there was a rise of serotonin content, whereas dopamine content
      remained low, and noradrenaline content rose considerably. The role of
      biochemical changes in the motor region in the mechanisms of locomotor function
      restoration following symmetrical damage of the large hemisphere cortex is
      discussed.

PMID- 698363
TI  - [Effect of prostaglandins E1 and E2 on the internal carotid artery].
AB  - Experiments were conducted on the dog internal carotid artery (with circulatory
      isolation); the following peculiarities of the effects of the prostaglandins (PG)
      under study were revealed: PG-E1 caused either a constrictory or a dilatory
      effect, and PG-E1--a constrictory effect only; in the former case the artery
      became accustomed with repetition of the action, and in the latter case it did
      not become accustomed. The duration of the PG-E2 effects, particularly of
      relaxation, was much greater than of the serotonin effects; residual contraction
      of the vascular smooth muscles was frequent; PG-E1 and PG-E2 intensified the
      effects of serotonin, and, partially, of noradrenaline.

PMID- 698364
TI  - [Effect of peridural blockade of the heart on the ventricular fibrillation
      threshold in dogs].
AB  - Experiments were conducted on dogs with determination of the ventricular
      fibrillation threshold in animals with intact heart and with myocardial
      infraction in case of trimecaine injection into the peridural space at the T1--T2
      level. The fibrillation threshold was elevated both on account of resorptive
      trimecaine action and due to the block of the sympathetic heart innervation.

PMID- 698365
TI  - [Formation of hemodynamic pulmonary edema in irradiated bodies].
AB  - Experiments on albino rats demonstrated that high doses of ionising radiation
      producing pronounced leukopenia increased the animal resistance to pulmonary
      edema under the effect of adrenaline. This effect was especially manifest on the
      4th day of irradiation. Relatively low doses (up to 100 r) as well as separate
      irradiation of the head, chest, or the abdomen induced pulmonary edema.

PMID- 698366
TI  - [Temperature reaction and survival of experimental animals exposed to microwaves
      of different intensity].
AB  - Changes of the rectal temperature during the day were determined in CBA mice and
      Wistar rats subjected to the total body irradiation with microwaves of different
      intensity. Dependence of these indices on keeping the animals in containers for
      irradiation and temperature reactions, and survival of the animals after exposure
      to UHF microwaves of various intensity were investigated. As shown, temperature
      rise and survival of the animals depended on the current intensity density and
      the action duration, the rectal temperature elevation during the irradiation; a
      pronounced reduction of this index following irradiation may be considered as a
      prognostic sign of affection with the UHF microwave field.

PMID- 698367
TI  - [Long-term exposure of rats to high concentrations of carbon dioxide].
AB  - The authors studied the isoenzymatic spectrum of lactic dehydrogenase of the
      myocardium, the frequency of cardiac contractions and ECG during the action of
      high carbon dioxide concentration, and also the survival of rats depending on the
      speed of carbon dioxide concentration increase in the atmosphere. Functional
      changes noted in the cardiac activity during the carbon dioxide action
      (concentration 30%, 7 1/2 hours) were not accompanied by any disturbances of
      carbohydrate metabolism in the myocardium. The most important condition for the
      survival of rats subjected to the action of high carbon dioxide concentration (up
      to 50% in the atmosphere) was the speed of elevation of this concentration.

PMID- 698368
TI  - [Mechanism of the decrease in basal metabolism during adaptation to hypoxia].
AB  - Oxygen uptake fell by 40% in rat adaptation to the periodic action of hypoxia
      under conditions of pressure chamber. This phenomenon did not disappear in
      animals in the state of profound anesthesia, and, consequently, was independent
      of adaptation changes of the cortical regulation of the animal motor activity. A
      cut of oxygen uptake by half persisted with the action of cold, noradrenaline,
      and 2,4-dinitrophenol, uncoupling oxidation and phosphorylation, on the organism.
      Thus, economic expenditure of oxygen in hypoxia adaptation could not be fully
      explained by increase of oxydation and phosphorylation conjugation.

PMID- 698369
TI  - [Role of intestinal hormones in the pathogenesis of experimental pancreatitis].
AB  - In acute experiments on dogs with preliminarily induced pancreatitis the authors
      traced disturbances of the secretory reactions of the pancreas in response to
      adequate stimulation with the intestinal hormones. There was a reduction in the
      activity of complex intestinal hormones preparations obtained from the duodenal
      mucosa at the acute period of the disease in these dogs. In chronic experiments
      there was found an increase of acid production debit in the stomach and a shift
      in the duodenal contents reaction in the acid direction in pancreatitis. A
      conclusion was drawn on an important pathogenetic role played by the intestinal
      hormones in the mechanism of disturbances of the pancreatic exocrine secretion in
      pancreatitis.

PMID- 698370
TI  - [Effect of Ca2+ and gamma-aminobutyric acid on glutamate and glutamine oxidation
      by rat brain synaptosomes].
AB  - It was shown in vitro that Ca2+ addition induced inhibition of the synaptosomal
      respiration with glutamate and glutamine. The presence of GABA in the medium
      increased the inhibitory effect of Ca2+ on glutamine oxidation, but not on
      glutamate. GABA, by itself, had no influence on both glutamate and glutamine
      oxidation.

PMID- 698371
TI  - [Effect of acute cardiac ischemia on the activity of the protein synthesizing
      system of the internal membranes of myocardial mitochondria].
AB  - The effect of acute experimental heart ischemia on protein synthesis and RNA of
      the internal membranes of myocardial mitochondria was studied; there was a sharp
      increase in the protein synthesizing system activity of the internal
      mitochondrial membranes. The most pronounced protein and PNA exchange was noted
      on the 7th day of the infarction; apparently it was the most critical time in the
      development of the given pathological process. A study of ultrastructure of
      mitochondrial membranes in the course of experimental infarction development
      demonstrated marked changes in their ultrastructure depending on the severity of
      the disease.

PMID- 698372
TI  - [Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase of neurogenically damaged heart].
AB  - Neurogenic damage of the myocardium by electrostimulation of the aortic arch led
      to deficiency of tissue noradrenaline (the sympathetic nervous system mediator).
      Simultaneously there was a marked rise of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
      activity. Preliminary administration of the RNA synthesis inhibitor--actinomycin
      D--fully prevented the increase of this enzyme activity in the myocardium
      produced by its neurogenic damage. The data obtained testified to the
      acceleration of induction of this enzyme in the myocardium in case of its
      neurogenic damage, this correlating with the change of tissue noradrenaline
      balance.

PMID- 698373
TI  - [Effect of imipramine-like antidepressants on head shaking induced by 5
      hydroxytryptophan in mice].
AB  - In the reaction of head twitching (HT) in mice in response to 5-oxytryptophan
      administration in the capacity of a serotonergic model antidepressants
      chlorimipramine and imipramine and also chlorpheniramine (suprastin) expressed a
      serotonopositive action in doses of 1.0, 5,0, and 1.0 mg/kg, respectively.
      Quiprazine produced a serotonomimetic action. Desipramine exerted abmivalent
      activity in doses of 1.0--20.0 mg/kg, whereas iprindol and morphaphen were
      ineffective in doses up to 20.0 mg/kg. Amitriptyline, noveril, melitracene,
      trimipramine, and ludiomil inhibited HT in doses of from 0.5, 1.0, 20.0, 20.0,
      and 20.0 mg/kg, respectively. The results are discussed in the light of the
      concept on the complex "neurotransmitter activity" spectrum of imipramine-like
      antidepressants.

PMID- 698374
TI  - [Effect of pharmacologic substances on the dominance-submission relationship in a
      pair of rats].
AB  - The effect of neuroleptics (chlorpromazine, trifluoperazine, haloperidol),
      antidepressants (amitryptyline, imipramine), tranquilizers (diazepam,
      chlordiazepoxide, benactyzine) and stimulant d-amphetamine on the domination and
      subordination relations formed as a result of competitive behaviour in a pair of
      rats was studied. The drugs in question proved to violate the set relations of
      domination and subordination weakening the attacking ability of dominating rats
      and strengthening the defensability of the subordinate ones. With increase of
      antidepressants dosage received by a subordinate rat its competing ability
      becomes enhanced too; this may cause a change in domination.

PMID- 698375
TI  - [Effect of adrenergic blockade on autoregulation of cerebral blood flow during
      orthostatic tests].
AB  - The effect of phentolamine and anapriline on the cerebral blood flow
      autoregulation (CBFA) under the orthostatic test (OT) was studied in experiments
      on locally anesthetized rabbits. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the carotids,
      venous pressure in the cerebral vessels, perfusion pressure (PP) in the carotid
      arteries were measured, the resistance of cerebral vessels was calculated. OT was
      modeled by tilting a special table with the animal (with its head upwards or a
      special table with the animal (with its head upwards or downwards) by 40--80
      degrees from the horizontal level. The results showed adrenergic block in most of
      OT cases to disturb CBFA; phentolamine promoted passive increase of CBF when PP
      was increased; on the contrary, anapriline promoted passive CBF reduction when PP
      was decreased.

PMID- 698376
TI  - [Selective inhibition of the tonic component of portal vein smooth muscle cell
      potassium contracture by verapamil].
AB  - The studies were performed on the rat portal vein smooth muscle cells, using
      double sucrose-gap method. 10(-9)--10(-7) M-verapamil was shown to selectively
      block the tonic component of potassium contracture. Since potassium
      depolarization of the membrane persists, it may evidence that verapramil had a
      specific effect on the excitation-contraction coupling by blocking the passive
      calcium entry into the muscle cells. At higher concentrations (10(-6)--10(-5) M)
      verapramil produced inhibition of the phasic component of potassium contracture
      by blocking the potential-dependent calcium canals of the portal vein smooth
      muscle cell membrane responsible for generation of the action potentials.

PMID- 698377
TI  - [Role of vascular thermoreceptors in the mechanism of cold tremor inhibition by
      oxotremorine, seduxen and phentolamine].
AB  - Intravenous infusion of oxotremorine, seduxene, and phentolamine to cats not only
      decreased the cold-induced tremor, but also reduced the subcutaneous vein
      receptor impulses. Diminished activity of the vascular thermoreceptors served as
      an additional component in the mechanisms of the inhibitory effect of
      oxotremorine and seduxene on cold tremor. Reduction of the thermoreceptors
      activity after phentolamine administration is primary, and may be considered as
      the leading factor in the cold tremor inhibition.

PMID- 698378
TI  - [Effect of Krebs cycle intermediates on the blood supply and energy metabolism of
      ischemic myocardium].
AB  - The influence of d-ketoglutarate and succinate in acute experiments on dogs was
      studied by the following parameters: collateral coronary circulation (CCC) of the
      ischemic myocardium, systemic arterial pressure, and the content of lactic,
      pyruvic acids, and glucose in the blood flowing from the ischemic zone. alpha
      ketoglutarate (6 mg/kg intracoronary and 60 mg/kg intravenously) proved to
      produce a positive effect on CCC and the contractile activity of the myocardium.
      Intravenous injection of alpha-ketoglutarate (12 mg/kg) and succinate (100 mg/kg)
      decreased significantly the consumption of glucose by the ischemic myocardium
      which rose after the ligation. In comparison with alpha-ketoglutarate, all doses
      of succinate were more effective as a factor of preventing the increase of lactic
      acid in the blood flowing from the ischemic zone. Thus, definite doses of alpha
      ketoglutarate and succinate could be used for pharmacological correction of CCC
      and energy supply of the ischemic myocardium.

PMID- 698379
TI  - [Glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity of rats poisoned with amanita
      phalloidines].
AB  - The effect Amanita phalloides on glucose tolerance and insuline sensitivity was
      studied. Amanita phalloides toxins were injected to albino male rats
      intraperitoneally in a dose of DL50. Amanita phalloides proved to cause
      disturbance of glucose tolerance, increased tissue glucose utilization, and
      enhanced the organism insuline sensitivity. The mentioned effects result from a
      decrease of insuline-inactivating capacity of the liver and from enhanced
      function of the insuline apparatus of the pancreas.

PMID- 698380
TI  - [Effect of normal microflora, age and sex of rats on serum IgG2 levels].
AB  - Germfree and conventional rats of Fisher inbred strain and mongrel animals were
      used in this study. IgG2 was separated from the pool serum of mongrel rats, and
      anti-IgG2 was obtained by hyperimmunization of rabbits. IgG2 content was
      determined by in the sera of different groups of rats radial immunodiffusion.
      There was 5.4 times less IgG2 in the sera of Fisher germfree rats than in
      conventional Fisher animals; its level in female animals was by 10--15% higher
      than in the male ones. The first hours after birth the IgG2 level was the same in
      the sera of all the newborn rats irrespective of its amount in the maternal sera.

PMID- 698381
TI  - [Protective effect of several diphosphonic compounds against damage to
      lymphocytes by antilymphocyte serum].
AB  - Rabbit antilymphocytic serum and complement were taken in quantities provoking
      the death of 50 per cent of human lymphocytes secreted in the phycol-verographin
      density gradient. Compounds (dinatrium salt of oxyethylendiphosphonate acid,
      alkylated oxyethylendiphosphonate acid, aminoethyloxyethylendiphosphonate acid,
      aminobenzyldiphosphonate, and aminoisopropyldiphosphonate acids) of 10 mM
      diphosphonic composition solutions in quantities of from 0.001 ml to 0.2 ml were
      added to experimental samples of 0.2 ml lymphocytes suspension containing 2.4 X
      10(4)--6.0 X 10(4) cells. A decrease in the dead cell count in staining with a
      0.1 per cent trypan blue solution was observed. Dinatrium salt of
      oxyethylendiphosphonate acid and alkylated oxyethylendiphosphonate acid proved to
      be most effective: it showed protective properties already in a dose of 0.01 ml.
      All the tested components had a pronounced protective action in a dose of 0.1 ml.

PMID- 698382
TI  - [Effect of DL-tryptophan on blastomogenesis induced by acrylic plastic].
AB  - Plastic plates implanted subcutaneously to rats induced sarcoma in 11 of 27
      animals (40.7%) which survived up to the time of the first tumour appearance
      (12.3 months). No tumours were revealed at the sites of the plastic powder
      implantation. Following long-term administration of DL-tryptophan tumours
      developed around the plates in 6 to 19 rats (31.5%) in 13.8 months, and around
      the powder in 2 of 5 rats which survived for 18.7 months. Some animals of this
      group displayed preneoplastic changes around the powder clumps.

PMID- 698383
TI  - [Effect of marrow cavity curettage on bone marrow stromal cell precursors].
AB  - Changes in the number of bone marrow stromal precursor cells of guinea pigs after
      the bone marrow curettage was studied by cloning in monolayer cultures in vitro.
      About half of the colony-forming units (CEU-F) is extracted during curettage.
      Later the number of CFU-F in the curetted bone marrow continues to fall, reaching
      its minimum in 12 hours. Regeneration begins after 24 hours, and on the 7th--12th
      day the CFU-F content in the curetted bone marrow reacts the normal level; by the
      20th day the number of CFU-F exceeded the normal 2.5 times. The CFU-F content in
      the contralateral bones of donors exceeded their normal content (at periods from
      6 hours to 20 days) 2--2 1/2-fold.

PMID- 698384
TI  - [Formation of DNA--protein crosslinks and their possible elimination in cultures
      of normal human fibroblasts after exposure to embichin].
AB  - New methods of radiometry and fractionation of cell lysates on hydroxyapatite
      were applied to determine the crosslinkage between DNA and protein induced by
      embiquin in cell culture of normal human skin fibroblasts. Such crosslinks were
      found to be formed; they were eliminated in long-term cultivation of the cells
      after mutagen treatment.

PMID- 698385
TI  - [Limits of several cell nucleus reactions in old age and in the presence of a
      pathological process].
AB  - The number of nucleoli and the structure of nucleolus-associated chromatin
      (determined by the number of perinucleolar chromocentres) was investigated in two
      groups of mice. The first group was control, and the second one--experimental,
      given CCl4 injections once a week, for one year. A gradual increase of the number
      of nucleoli and chromocentres bound with nucleoli was revealed with ageing in
      control mice. In the experimental group both indices quickly reached the maximum
      which was equal or even higher than in old control mice. The subsequent
      development of the pathological process failed to alter these indices. Possible
      mechanisms limiting the range of the mentioned changes of the nuclei are
      discussed.

PMID- 698386
TI  - [Morphologic analysis of the specialized cardiomyocytes of the heart conduction
      system of vagotomized rats].
AB  - The specialized conduction system of the rat heart was studied by light and
      electron microscopy at various periods following vagotomy. The dynamics of tissue
      and cellular alterations is described. Variegation of the cellular reactions at
      all the postdenervation periods for all the conduction system parts and for all
      types o specialized cardiomyocytes was revealed.

PMID- 698387
TI  - Atypical lymphoid leukemia in ataxia telangiectasia.
AB  - We observed two sisters with ataxia telangiectasia, one of whom developed an
      atypical subacute lymphocytic leukemia characterized by atypical lymphocytes and
      absence of palpable lymphadenopathy or hepatosplenomegaly. The lack of
      organomegaly in this patient may have been due to the underlying ataxia
      telangiectasia, which was associated with lymphoid hypoplasia. Cytogenetic
      studies showed a marker chromosome 14 [t(14q11:14q34)] in both patients. The
      sister with leukemia had other complex chromosomal aberrations in addition to the
      marker chromosome 14 that were stable for more than 14 mo before the patient's
      death from complicating infection. The development of atypical T cell leukemia
      has not been previously described in ataxia telangiectasia. This case further
      illustrates the interesting interrelationships amoung immunosuppressed states,
      development of lymphoid malignancy, and an emerging pattern of a propensity to
      chromosome 14 abnormalities in various lymphoid malignancies.

PMID- 698388
TI  - Postmitotic marrow neutrophils and neutrophil mobilization in man: role of the
      spleen.
AB  - The relationship between postmitotic marrow neutrophils (PMMN) and neutrophil
      increment in blood after an intravenous dose of 3 mg hydrocortisone/kg was
      studied in patients with normal-sized spleens and compared with splenectomized
      and splenomegalic patients. PMMN were quantified from the ferrokinetic
      measurement of the normoblast number and the PMMN/normoblast ratio in bone marrow
      biopsy sections. In 12 control patients with normal PMMN the increment was 3.50
      +/- 1.13 X 10(9) neutrophils/liter. An excellent correlation was found between
      the number of PMMN and the maximal neutrophil increment (y = 826x - 1021, r =
      0.93, p less than 0.001) among 24 patients with normal spleen size and a wide
      range of marrow cellularity. Significantly higher responses were observed in 10
      splenectomized patients (y = 872x + 1429, r = 0.92, p less than 0.001). The two
      regression lines were shown to be parallel, indicating a diminution of the
      response by 2.5 X 10(9) neutrophils/liter in the presence of a normal spleen. In
      11 hypersplenic patients the responses were further reduced and more variable.
      Peak neutrophilia occurred after median values of 2, 3, and 4 hr in the
      hypersplenic, the control, and the splenectomized group, respectively. These
      studies indicate that allowing for the different response curves neutrophil
      increments may be used as an index of PMMN in patients with normal spleen size
      and in splenectomized patients. They further suggest sequestration of the
      prematurely released cells by the spleen.

PMID- 698389
TI  - Monoclonal IgG anticoagulants delaying fibrin aggregation in two patients with
      systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
AB  - There is paucity of information regarding the prolonged plasma thrombin time
      known to occur in some patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Detailed
      investigations of plasma from two such patients disclosed that IgG accounted for
      this defect in each case. IgG isolated from plasma of either patient possessed
      the property of delaying fibrin aggregation and prolonging the clotting times of
      fibrinogen. Preincubation of IgG from either patient with anti-IgG or anti-Fab
      (rabbit) serum abolished this anticoagulant property. Moreover, the anticoagulant
      IgG from the first patient was neutralized with anit-k chain and anti-IgG3, that
      from the second patient with anti-lambda chain and anti-IgG1 serum. These
      anticoagulants were also dissimilar with respect to their interactions with
      fibrin(ogen). IgG from the first patient had no anticoagulant activity against
      fibrin(ogen) species lacking intact Aalpha chains. IgG from the second patient
      displayed undiminished anticoagulant effect on such fibrin(ogen) species. We
      conclude that each anticoagulant interacted with a distinct region(s) on the
      fibrinogen molecule and that these interactions affect or involve sites that
      participate in the fibrin self-assembly process.

PMID- 698390
TI  - Simple electrophoretic system for presumptive identification of abnormal
      hemoglobins. By the International Committee for Standardization in Hematology.
AB  - In order to determine if mutant hemoglobins can be identified by relatively
      simple methods, a Working Group of the ICSH Expert Panel on Abnormal Hemoglobins
      and Thalassemia analyzed 17 hemolysates containing 14 different mutant
      hemoglobins by four electrophoretic methods: (1) cellulose acetate in alkaline
      buffers, (2) citrate agar pH 6.0, (3) urea 2-mercaptoethanol buffer pH 8.9, and
      (4) urea 2-mercaptoethanol buffer pH 6.0. The examined mutants included several
      of great numerical and clinical importance as well as some rare ones, namely,
      HbS, C, D Los Angeles (Punjab), E, G Philadelphia, N Baltimore, and O Arab; also
      Hb Ft. Worth, Montgomery, Winnepeg, Rush, Q India, Bethesda, and Lepore.
      Comparative mobilities of these hemoglobins in all of the methods are presented
      here. The combined data permit their presumptive identification, often with a
      high degree of specificity. The system has been applied in Iran, where the four
      prevalent mutants can be differentiated by these methods, at considerable saving
      of time and resources previously expended on structural analyses. It is proposed
      as a basis for an ICSH Tentative Standard. There is little doubt that this
      presumptive identification of hemoglobin variants by simple electrophoresis will
      be improved or complemented by the introduction of newer techniques, such as
      immunologic analysis. However, for the present and for some time to come, the
      system outlined here should be found valuable. The present report does not
      concern itself with the numerous auxiliary techniques involved in the
      identification of abnormal hemoglobins-sickle-cell test, solubility tests,
      lability test--and no claim is made that the simple system described here
      eliminates these other techniques from the diagnostic armamentarium of the
      laboratory.

PMID- 698391
TI  - Recommendations of a system for identifying abnormal hemoglobins. By the
      International Committee for Standardization in Hematology.

PMID- 698392
TI  - Sex differences in the antithrombotic effects of aspirin.
AB  - Aspirin inhibits platelet function by acetylating platelet cyclooxygenase. Recent
      clinical trials indicate that aspirin is a promising antithrombotic agent against
      both venous and arterial thrombosis, but somewhat surprisingly this protective
      effect appears to be limited to males. To examine the potential sex-related
      differences in response to aspirin, we developed an animal model for quantitating
      fibrin accretion into an injury-induced thrombus and used it to study the effects
      of aspirin on thrombus size in male and female rabbits. Platelet prostaglandin
      synthesis was estimated by assay of platelet malondialdehyde and was
      significantly decreased in both male and female rabbits following treatment with
      10 mg/kg aspirin (p less than 0.001). This inhibitory effect was not different
      for platelets from male and female rabbits. Thrombus size was significantly
      decreased in aspirin-treated male rabbits when compared to controls (p less than
      0.05), but this aspirin effect was not apparent in female rabbits or rabbits of
      either sex treated with 10 mg/kg sodium salicylate. These findings support the
      results of clinical trials that were obtained by retrospective subgroup analysis.
      The reason for the sex difference is not known, but the findings raise an
      important issue in relationship to this mechanism of the antithrombotic effect of
      aspirin.

PMID- 698393
TI  - Deletion of the long arm of chromosome 20 [del(20)(q11)] in myeloid disorders.
AB  - Detailed clinical and cytogenetic studies were performed in five patients who had
      abnormal hematopoiesis and an acquired deletion of an F-group chromosome.
      Cytogenetic analyses, with banding techniques, of cells from bone marrow, spleen,
      or unstimulated peripheral blood showed a partial deletion of the long arm of one
      chromosome 20 [del(20)(q11)] in all five patients. Three patients had
      myeloproliferative disorders of uncertain classification, the fourth had possible
      preleukemia, and the fifth had acute myelomonocytic leukemia. Although the five
      cases showed certain similarities, the clinical and hematologic findings seen
      with the 20q- abnormality were not specific. None of the patients showed evidence
      of polycythemia vera or idiopathic acquired refractory sideroblastic anemia, two
      diseases previously associated with the 20q-. Our studies indicate that the 20q-
      abnormality is not limited to diseases primarily affecting erythropoiesis but
      that it can be found in the broader spectrum of myeloid disorders. In
      polycythemia vera, the 20q- has sometimes been regarded as a possible result of
      previous therapy with cytotoxic agents; however, four of our patients were
      untreated when the deletion was first noted.

PMID- 698394
TI  - Adriamycin and daunomycin generate reactive oxygen compounds in erythrocytes.
AB  - Adriamycin and daunomycin produce dose-related cardiac toxicity that may be
      related to oxygen radicals. Addition of these compounds to human erythrocyte
      suspensions resulted in stimulation of hexose monophosphate shunt activity that
      was markedly impaired in the absence of oxyhemoglobin. Evidence for generation of
      hydrogen peroxide by these compounds was provided by oxidation of reduced
      glutathione, by 14C-formate oxidation, and by the catalase-aminotriazole trapping
      technique. These experiments indicate that Adriamycin and daunomycin interact
      with oxyhemoglobin to generate reactive oxygen metabolites. A similar interaction
      with oxymyoglobin may occur in the heart and produce oxygen radicals that injure
      cardiac myocytes.

PMID- 698395
TI  - Effect of C3b inactivator on monocyte-bound C3-coated human erythrocytes.
AB  - As a model of IgM-induced hemolytic anemia in man, human erythrocytes were
      sensitized with IgM antibody and coated with complement components, including C3
      and C4, using human serum as a source of complement. These coated red cells were
      then interacted with monolayers of human mononuclear phagocytic cells
      (monocytes). Complement-coated red cells so bound could be displaced from their
      monocyte attachment site in a dose- and time-dependent manner by serum factors,
      including C3b inactivator (C3bINA). These factors were more efficient in
      inactivating red cell-bound complement components prior to interaction of the
      coated cells with monocytes. With large amounts of complement per erythrocyte,
      measured as membrane-bound C3, the ability of the serum inactivating factor(s) to
      remove the complement-coated red cells from the monocyte surface was compromised
      and persistently bound red cells were progressively phagocytosed. These studies
      implicate C3bINA in the displacement of complement-coated erythrocytes, formed
      from the interaction of IgM antibody and serum complement, from the hepatic
      macrophage in IgM-induced immune hemolysis. They suggest that both the
      concentration of complement components, especially on the erythrocyte surface,
      and the level of C3bINA and perhaps other inactivators may be important features
      regulating hemolysis in this disorder.

PMID- 698396
TI  - Correlation of serum IgD level with clinical and histologic parameters in Hodgkin
      disease.
AB  - The concentration of serum IgD was measured in 100 patients with Hodgkin disease;
      65 had 3--50-fold increases in IgD levels. Several parameters were found to
      influence serum IgD concentration: IgD level in older patients (greater than 50
      yr) was significantly lower than in the younger patients (P less than 18 yr). IgD
      concentration was significantly higher in splenectomized than in
      nonsplenectomized patients (p less than 0.005). Therapy was found to depress IgD
      concentration, which fell to a value significantly lower than in untreated
      patients (p less than 0.05). An interesting correlation was found between IgD
      levels and histologic type of the disease, lower levels being preferentially
      associated with the lymphocyte predominance type and higher with the lymphocyte
      dipletion type. The logarithms of the means of these two groups were
      significantly different from the overall mean of the disease (p less than 0.05
      and p less than 0.0005, respectively). Mixed cellularity and nodular sclerosing
      showed intermediate values.

PMID- 698397
TI  - Expression and specificity of FcIgG receptor sites on neoplastic lymphocytes.
AB  - We investigated the ability of an FcIgG receptor marker to discriminate between
      subtypes of malignant lymphoproliferative diseases that differed in their
      clinical presentations. A quantitative radioimmuno assay was established that
      enabled us to evaluate average receptor densities on a population basis. Surface
      receptors were first saturated with IgG complexes. The number of membrane
      associated IgG molecules was subsequently determined with 125I-staphylococcal
      protein A. Results obtained with this assay on a battery of malignant lymphocytes
      suggested that the range of receptor densities of malignant B and T cells might
      overlap each other but would correlate with the degree of tumor cell
      differentiation and the clinical stage of the underlying disease. This behavior
      limits the use of this marker in the characterization of the derivation of
      malignant lymphocytes; these findings, however, may be useful in the prognostic
      classification of lymphomas of known origin.

PMID- 698398
TI  - Activation of factor X by factors IXa and VIII; a specific assay for factor IXa
      in the presence of thrombin-activated factor VIII.
AB  - We studied the activation of factor X by the intrinsic pathway of blood
      coagulation using a new assay of factor X activation. When factor X tritiated in
      its sialic acid residues is activated, activation can be measured by the release
      of tritiated activation peptide, and the initial rate of activation can be
      determined under varying conditions. In the presence of phospholipid and calcium
      ions, factor IXa activated factor X slowly without factor VIII, and this
      activation was blocked by a specific factor IX inhibitor. These data provide
      strong evidence that factor IXa is the enzyme responsible for factor X activation
      by the intrinsic pathway. The role of factor VIII was also investigated. Factor
      VIII could be reproducibly thrombin activated and then stabilized by the addition
      of 2 mM benzamidine hydrochloride; this suggests that inactivation is due to
      proteolysis. Neither unactivated nor thrombin-activated factor VIII produced
      factor X activation without factor IXa. With a constant level of factor IXa,
      factor X activation was directly proportional to the level of activated factor
      VIII. With a constant level of activated factor VIII, factor X activation was
      proportional to the factor IXa concentration. This observation was exploited to
      develop a specific, sensitive assay for factor IXa.

PMID- 698399
TI  - Autoimmune cytotoxic granulocyte antibodies in normal persons and various
      diseases.
AB  - Of 400 female and 58 normal nonommunized male sera approximately 10% were
      cytotoxic for a panel of allogeneic granulocytes. Sera with strong alloreactivity
      were also autoreactive, which emphasized the large autoimmune component of most
      alloantisera against granulocytes. The cytotoxic granulocyte autoantibodies were
      complement dependent, of the IgM class, and exhibited optimum cytotoxic activity
      in vitro at 5 degrees C precomplement incubation temperatures with papain-treated
      cells. The sera were unreactive with autologous or allogeneic B and T
      lymphocytes, monocytes, and red blood cells but were cytotoxic for adult and cord
      granulocytes, eosinophils, and chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Granulocyte
      autoantibodies were present in 53% of sera from 57 patients with systemic lupus
      erythematosus (p less than 0.00002) but were not found in increased frequency in
      the sera of patients with 28 other diseases. We conclude that a single tissue
      specific antigenic determinant(s) called "G" may be present on granulocytes and
      is the target of naturally occurring autoantibodies.

PMID- 698400
TI  - Marrow cell egress: specificity of the site of penetration into the sinus.

PMID- 698401
TI  - Release of arachidonic acid from human platelets. A key role for the potentiation
      of platelet aggregability in normal subjects as well as in those with nephrotic
      syndrome.
AB  - Low (nonaggregating) concentrations of collagen that potentiate platelet
      aggregation did not induce the formation of measurable amount of malondialdehyde
      (MDA) but released small but significant amounts of radioactivity from 14C
      arachidonic acid-labeled platelets. A major portion of the radioactive compounds
      released by nonaggregating concentrations of collagen existed as arachidonic acid
      and a minor part as thromboxane B2. The nephrotic syndrome enhances platelet
      aggregability, and this effect is abolished by correcting hypoalbuminemia in
      vitro and in vivo by the addition of albumin, which is the main carrier for free
      fatty acids, including arachidonic acid. Human albumin (fatty acid free)
      inhibited collagen-induced aggregation, MDA formation, and release of the
      radioactivity from 14C-arachidonic acid-labeled platelets in normals as well as
      in those with nephrotic syndrome. These data support our hypothesis that the main
      mechanism responsible for the potentiation of platelet aggregation is the release
      of arachidonic acid from platelet membrane phospholipids via the activation of
      phospholipase A2. Furthermore, enhanced platelet aggregation in the nephrotic
      syndrome was at least partly attributable to an increased availability of
      arachidonic acid released secondary to hypoalbuminemia. Albumin inhibits
      aggregation probably by binding to released arachidonic acid preventing
      arachidonic acid from being metabolized to potent aggregating substances,
      endoperoxides and thromboxane A2. The mechanism of release of arachidonic acid
      may play a key role in the potentiation of platelet aggregability in normals as
      well as in pathologic conditions such as the nephrotic syndrome.

PMID- 698402
TI  - Coupled amidolytic assay for factor VII: its use with a clotting assay to
      determine the activity state of factor VII.
AB  - A coupled amidolytic assay for factor VII (VII) has been developed that when used
      with a clotting assay for VII enables detection of activated VII. In the assay,
      VII in a test material determines generation of factor Xa in a mixture of
      purified factor X, tissue factor, and calcium; factor Xa is measured with a
      chromogenic substrate. Factor VII activity in the coupled amidolytic assay
      (VIIam) correlated well with VII activity in a one-stage clotting assay (VIIc) in
      57 healthy subjects, 5 patients with hereditary VII deficiency, and 11 patients
      with liver disease. Activation of plasma VII by kaolin, clotting, or cold
      strikingly increased VIIc but not VIIam levels. Thus the ratio VIIc/VIIam (VII
      activity ratio) is a measure of VII activation. In 27 warfarin-treated patients
      the mean VII activity ratio was significantly decreased, reflecting a greater
      decline in VIIc than in VIIam. This probably stems from partially carboxylated
      VII being able to act during the 3-min incubation of the amidolytic assay but
      unable to act rapidly enough to affect the clotting assay. Measurement of
      VIIc/VIIam should enable evaluation of the activity state of VII in thrombotic
      disorders and in components for transfusion therapy.

PMID- 698403
TI  - Studies on the target cell for the Friend virus (FV-P strain) using the CFU-E
      technique.
AB  - In order to characterize the target cell for the polycythemia inducing Friend
      virus (FV-P) in vivo, mice were treated by induction of plethorism, bleeding,
      Actinomycin D, and Busulfan before virus infection. The development of the Friend
      leukemia was then studied mainly using the CFUE technique for erythroid colony
      growth in vitro. This technique allows the quantification of a new cell type, an
      erythropoietin (Ep) independent colony forming cell. These Ep independent
      colonies were taken as marker for the disease. Their number with time after
      infection was correlated with the compartment size of pluripotent, granuloid
      committed and erythroid stem cells at the time of infection. The results indicate
      that the development of the Friend leukemia does not require the actual presence
      of CFUE, as seen using Actinomycin D, and is not correlated with the number of
      pluripotent or granuloid stem cells, as seen after Busulfan. It is, however,
      dependent on the erythropoietic state of the animal, as seen in plethoric mice
      and mice after bleeding. It is, therefore, concluded that the target cell for FV
      P is located within the Ep-responsive cell compartment, between early (BFUE) and
      late (CFUE) erythroid precursor cells.

PMID- 698404
TI  - Rabbit anti-mouse brain serum (RAMBS): lack of specific inhibition of late
      committed erythroid stem cells in culture (CFU-E).
AB  - Heterologous antisera to mouse brain tissue have activity against mouse
      pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells (CFU-S), but not against granuloid/macrophage
      committed precursor cells (CFU-C). In these studies we show that anti-mouse brain
      serum raised in a rabbit does not possess specific activity in vitro against late
      committed erythroid stem cells (CFU-E).

PMID- 698405
TI  - [Invasion of the vessels in the basal cell carcinoma of the skin (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 698406
TI  - [Experimental and clinical study on closing volume. Part 1: Experimental study on
      relationship between closing volume and transpulmonary pressure--effect of
      pulmonary circulatory disturbances on nitrogen washout curve and P-V curve
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 698407
TI  - [Experimental and clinical study on closing volume. Part 2: Clinical study on
      closing volume (author's transl)].

PMID- 698408
TI  - [Responses of patients with chronic respiratory failure to administration of 24
      percent oxygen and doxapram infusion (author's transl)].

PMID- 698409
TI  - [A case of Pickwickian syndrome (author's transl)].

PMID- 698411
TI  - [Studies on serum IgE level in healthy and respiratory diseases. 2nd report:
      Serum IgE values in respiratory diseases (author's transl)].

PMID- 698410
TI  - [Studies on serum IgE level in healthy and respiratory diseases. 1st report: a
      range of serum IgE value in healthy humans (author's transl)].

PMID- 698412
TI  - Macroautoradiographic study of the distribution of 14C-dimethylnitrosamine in
      mice and fetuses.

PMID- 698413
TI  - Influence of acetaldehyde, dietary protein, carbon tetrachloride and
      butylatedhydroxytoluene on the toxicity of methylmercury in rats.
AB  - The influence of environmental or dietary factors on the toxicity of
      methylmercury (MeHg) was investigated due to possibilities that humans exposed to
      methylmercury may have been sensitized. Groups of 8 rats were exposed to 0, 20 or
      40 ppm MeHg in a semisynthetic diet and fed 0.5% BHT, 5% protein (instead of
      15%), or injected with 250 mg/kg CC14 or acetaldehyde. In control rats
      neurotoxicity occurred at 4 weeks and 9 weeks with 40 and 20 ppm MeHg,
      respectively. Mortality was observed at 6 weeks with 40 ppm and 1 rat died in
      week 9 with 20 ppm MeHg. Acetaldehyde injected rats died at week 4 and 6 when fed
      40 or 20 ppm MeHg. Neurotoxicity was observed in week 3 and 5 in these groups,
      respectively. Treating rats with the low protein or BHT accelerated neurotoxicity
      and mortality by 1 week with 40 ppm MeHg. These agents had killed all test
      animals within 7 weeks at 20 ppm MeHg. Neither acetaldehyde nor BHT influenced 0
      ppm MeHg controls while 5% protein induced precipitous weight loss. In the case
      of CC14, the rats lived longer in combination experiments than one would have
      expected from the individual treatments.

PMID- 698414
TI  - Reproductive success of hens and cockerels originating from eggs sprayed with 2,4
      D, 2,4-5-T and picloram followed by early performance of their progency after a
      comparable in ovo exposure.

PMID- 698415
TI  - Patterns of trace metal accumulation in crayfish populations.

PMID- 698416
TI  - Variation in toxicity tests of bivalve mollusc larvae as a function of
      termination technique.

PMID- 698417
TI  - Accumulation of DDT in soils following 4 years of restricted use on cotton.

PMID- 698418
TI  - Dislodgable insecticide residues on cotton (1975).

PMID- 698419
TI  - Mercury-selenium interaction at concentrations of selenium and of mercury vapours
      as prevalent in nature.

PMID- 698420
TI  - Dislodgable insecticide residues on cotten (1976).

PMID- 698421
TI  - Discharge of alkanes during offshore oil production in the Buccaneer oilfield.

PMID- 698422
TI  - Exposure of fertilizer mixing plant workers to disulfoton.

PMID- 698423
TI  - Potentiation of methylmercury toxicity by piperonyl butoxide.
AB  - Methylmercury (MeHg) is an extremely potent neurotoxin about 25% of which is
      degraded in vivo to inorganic mercury. Piperonyl butoxide (PB) is a widely used
      pesticidal synergist which inhibits many mammalian detoxification reactions. In a
      preliminary experiment with the high doses of PB and MeHg, PB induced a 12%
      decrease in mean survival time and a 20% decrease in mean latency time to
      neurotoxicity. The weight loss in PB-MeHg group was far greater than the control
      MeHg group. In a dose response experiment, mean survival times in rats fed 40 ppm
      MeHg-C1 were 5.75, 5.3, and 5.0 weeks at 0, 0.5, and 1% PB, respectively. By the
      ninth week 25% of rats fed 20 ppm MeHg-C1 showed neurotoxicity and 63% of the
      0.5% PB fed showed neurotoxicity with some mortality. In experiments at 20 ppm
      MeHg-C1 both  PB fed groups weighted considerably less than corresponding
      controls.

PMID- 698424
TI  - Reduction of heavy metal toxicity to Xenophus embryos by magnesium ions.

PMID- 698425
TI  - Behavioral and biochemical effects of low-level prenatal cadmium exposure in
      rats.

PMID- 698426
TI  - The effects of phenylmercuric acetate on the growth of Chlamydomonas variabilis
      Dang.

PMID- 698427
TI  - Teratogenicity of the fungicides captan and folpet in the chick embryo.

PMID- 698428
TI  - Formation and persistence of N-nitrosobutralin in soil.

PMID- 698429
TI  - Residues of Dacthal herbicide in carrots.
AB  - Residues of Dacthal and its monoacid and diacid hydrolytic ester cleavage
      metabolites were determined in carrots to which the herbicide was applied on
      seven plot locations throughout the United States. Residue levels of Dacthal
      appeared more closely related to the rate of application than to other field
      parameters. Traces of the monoacid metabolite were found in a few samples. The
      diacid metabolite was not detected in any of the samples.

PMID- 698430
TI  - Hepatic and renal microsomal electron transport reactions in endrin treated
      female guinea pigs.

PMID- 698431
TI  - The determination of N-nitrosodiethanolamine in cutting fluids.

PMID- 698433
TI  - The effect of naphthalene on survival and activity of the amphipod Parhyale.

PMID- 698432
TI  - Inhibition of housefly glutathione S-transferase by catecholamines and quinones.

PMID- 698434
TI  - Dislodgable residues of dialifor and phosalone and their oxygen analogs following
      a reported worker-injury incident in the San Joaquin Valley, California.

PMID- 698435
TI  - The toxicity of manganese ethylenebisdithiocarbamate to the adult newt, Triturus
      cristatus.
AB  - The toxicity of ethylenebisdithiocarbamate (maneb), a widely used agricultural
      fungicide, to the adult newt (Triturus cristatus carnifex) was evaluated after
      percutaneous exposure. Maneb was lethal to all the animals at the 50 ppm level
      within fifteen days. Male newts seem to be less resistant to the toxicant than
      females. At concentrations as low as 25 ppm all males died within 25 days,
      whereas some of the females were still alive after 5 months. Microscopic
      examination showed that the skin and the kidney were the most severely affected
      organs. It has been hypothesized that an osmoregulatory breakdown and an
      impairment of cutaneous respiratory exchanges play a role in the death of the
      animals. Renal failure must also be taken into account. However, additional
      mechanisms can not be ruled out at present.

PMID- 698436
TI  - Incorporation of methoxychlor-14C in model humic acids prepared from
      hydroquinone.

PMID- 698437
TI  - Toxicity of sodium pentachlorophenate (Na-PCP) to the grass shrimp, palaemonetes
      pugio, at different stages of the molt cycle.

PMID- 698438
TI  - Some observations concerning the ratio of the intake of organochlorine
      insecticides through food and amounts excreted in the milk of breast-feeding
      mothers.

PMID- 698439
TI  - Localisation of speech through similar and dissimilar binaural hearing aid
      listening modes.
AB  - This  paper compared the localisation abilities in the horizontal plane of 12
      adults with bilateral asymmetrical sensorineural hearing impairment whilst
      listening to speech using each one of the following three binaural hearing aid
      listening modes: (a) binaural listening with two similar ear-level hearing aids,
      (b) binaural listening with two similar bodyworm hearing aids and, (c) binaural
      listening with two dissimilar hearing aids (one ear-level, one bodyworn). It was
      found that the differences in localisation ability between the three binaural
      hearing aid listening modes were small and none of them proved to be
      statistically significant. It was concluded that where possible binaural hearing
      aids should be of similar type and model, although in situations where this could
      not be achieved or was not indicated, the issuing of dissimilar binaural hearing
      aids should not be discouraged.

PMID- 698440
TI  - Differences in brainstem response latency with age and sex.
AB  - Brainstem evoked potentials in response to clicks at 60dB, 70dB and 80dB were
      recorded from a group of 70 normally hearing subjects. There were 10 subjects (5
      male, 5 female) for each of the decades from the second to the eighth. The
      youngest subject was 14 years, the oldest 79 years. The possibility of there
      being increased latencies as a function of age was examined. The results
      indicated that there was, for practical purposes, no such increase. On the other
      hand there was very strong evidence that in females latenceis are shorter than in
      males. In addition, amplitudes were reduced in the case of older subjects.
      Condifidence limits for latency were calculated. These may be helpful in deciding
      whether or not a particular latency is outside the normal range.

PMID- 698441
TI  - Some observations on the contralateral stapedial reflex artefact.
AB  - An artefact was observed whilst testing profoundly deaf children with a peters
      AP61c acoustic impedance meter, using the contralateral stapedial reflex
      technique at high stimulus levels. A study was carried out on cadavers which
      confirmed the earlier observation, and this pseudo-reflex was found to be caused
      by the transmission across the head of the stapedial reflex stimulus tone during
      contralateral testing. An electronic filter was designed and built which
      suppressed this artefact. It is suggested that this artefact could be mistaken
      for a stapedial reflex response.

PMID- 698442
TI  - Speech recognition with dynamic range reduction: (1) deaf and normal subjects in
      laboratory conditions.
AB  - Processing to reduce the dynamic range of speech should increase intelligibility
      and protect the impaired ear from overloading. There are theoretical and
      practical objections to using AGC devices to reduce dynamic range. These are
      overcome by using recently available signal processing employing high frequency
      carrier clipping. An increase in intelligibility of speech with this HFCC has
      been demonstrated, for normal subjects with simulated deafness, and for most
      partially hearing patients. Intelligibility is not improved for some patients;
      possibly due to their having learned to extract features which are lost. These
      patients may also benefit after training.

PMID- 698443
TI  - [General principles for an extensive reorganization of the University].

PMID- 698444
TI  - Depersonalization and daydreaming: a pattern of disturbance in the sense of
      reality.

PMID- 698445
TI  - Death by giving up.

PMID- 698446
TI  - Meniere's syndrome revisited.

PMID- 698447
TI  - Single-subject research and psychoanalytic theory.

PMID- 698448
TI  - Evaluation of a breast-feeding campaign in Trinidad.
AB  - There has been a marked decline in breast-feeding throughout the developing
      world. It is generally agreed that this trend should be reversed, and that in
      achieving this objective mass communication media could play an important role.
      The present article analyzes the results of a campaign to promote breast-feeding
      in which the press, television, and radio were used. It is hoped that this
      analysis will prove useful for other individulas and groups that may wish to plan
      similar campaigns.

PMID- 698449
TI  - Environmental health and technical cooperation among developing countries.
AB  - The subject of technical cooperation between developing countries has attracted
      growing attention in recent years. The account presented here summarizes PAHO's
      efforts to promote such cooperation in the field of environmental health.

PMID- 698450
TI  - Immunization against leptospirosis: continued vaccine trials in hamsters using
      strains isolated from Barbados.
AB  - Heated whole-cell suspensions of L. interrogans serotype copenhageni strains
      isolated from the field in Barbados have proved to be protective immunogens
      against experimental leptospirosis.

PMID- 698451
TI  - Serologic survey of dengue and other arboviruses in Curacao and Aruba, 1973.
AB  - Sera obtained principally from children on the Caribbean islands of Aruba and
      Curacao were tested for antibodies to various arboviruses. The test indicated
      that dengue 2 was endemic on Curacao but not on Aruba, perhaps because of more
      effective vector control measures on Aruba. Neutralization tests performed with a
      samll number of sera suggest that dengue infections may have afforded some level
      of protection against yellow fever to a portion of the Curacao population.

PMID- 698452
TI  - Fetal deaths in the district of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
AB  - A study has been made of fetal deaths registered in Sao, Paulo, Brazil, for the
      period 1 June 1968 through 31 May 1970. This article reports some of the findings
      of that study. Among other things, the findings revealed a higher incidence of
      male deaths than female deaths, high rates of fetal death associated with
      multiple pregnancy, a relatively low risk of stillbirth in certain maternal age
      groups, and an association between congenital anomalies and increasing maternal
      age.

PMID- 698453
TI  - Facts and figures on health in the Americas: a review of major trends.
AB  - It is highly desirable, from time to time, to review important long-term trends
      in the health conditions of our Region. The account that follows provides a brief
      general overview of such trends as they have evolved over the last 20 years.

PMID- 698454
TI  - PAHO proposals for international air travel surveillance.

PMID- 698456
TI  - World bank joins attack on tropical diseases.

PMID- 698455
TI  - XI Inter-American Meeting, at the Ministerial Level, on Foot-and-Mouth Disease
      and Zoonoses control.

PMID- 698457
TI  - PAHO/WHO development of program evaluation.

PMID- 698458
TI  - Jamaica launches nutrition education campaign.

PMID- 698460
TI  - Prosthetics.

PMID- 698459
TI  - Community participation in health activities in an Amazon community of Brazil.
AB  - This article describes community participation in a comprehensive eight-year
      health program at Porto Nacional, a town in Brazils Amazon region. The authors
      discuss various techniques employed to encourage community participation,
      indicate methods used to resolve low-key conflicts in a positive manner, describe
      the major contributions made by community participation in this program, and
      present a number of conclusions considered applicable to other communities in
      this part of Brazil.

PMID- 698461
TI  - Sensory aids.

PMID- 698462
TI  - An occipito-zygomatic cervical orthosis designed for emergency use--a preliminary
      report.

PMID- 698463
TI  - Edge light: a new approach to studying the microvascularization of the skin.

PMID- 698464
TI  - Clinical evaluation of a sensory feedback device: the limb load monitor.
AB  - Based on records of 81 patients who used the LLM, and on questionnaire answers
      and comments from clinicians, the following can be concluded: 1. The LLM can be
      operated easily after a minimum of training. It does not break down with extended
      clinical use when handled properly. 2. The LLM manual provides sufficient
      information for proper operation and clinical use of the device. 3. The number of
      patients in a clinic who can benefit from LLM training can be predicted, if
      consideration is given to the type of facility and the size of the patient
      population and physical therapy staff. 4. The largest diagnostic group of
      patients who can benefit from LLM therapy are lower-limb amputees, followed by
      hemiplegic and orthopedic patients. 5. The general selection criteria outlined
      initially proved sufficient. A patient who is selected properly can be expected
      to respond to the feedback signal (i.e., make a weight-bearing adjustment) within
      the first or second session.

PMID- 698465
TI  - Imaging: the clinical use of diagnostic imaging.

PMID- 698466
TI  - Imaging: radioisotope imaging of the liver and pancreas.

PMID- 698467
TI  - Imaging: radioisotope imaging of bone.
AB  - Isotope bone scanning is here to stay: it is noninvasive, easy to perform, and
      economical (6 pounds per scan). The low radiation dose delivered to patients
      (0.03 rad/mCi to the skeleton) and the high sensitivity (less than 4 per cent of
      overall false positives) underline the value of this test as a screening
      procedure. When included in the patient's management protocol it reduces bed
      occupancy time, changes the therapeutic approach to several illnesses, and
      substantiates general hopes that early diagnosis is the basis for progress in the
      treatment of benign or malignant disease.

PMID- 698468
TI  - The carpal tunnel syndrome.

PMID- 698469
TI  - Accident services.

PMID- 698470
TI  - Temporal lobe epilepsy.

PMID- 698472
TI  - Your accounts: car leasing.

PMID- 698471
TI  - Outpatient problems: dizziness.

PMID- 698473
TI  - Medicine and the media: side effects on television.

PMID- 698474
TI  - American letter: Bakke to medical school.

PMID- 698475
TI  - Electrocardiography: the ECG in ischaemic heart disease.

PMID- 698476
TI  - Corticosteroid involvement in the changes in noradrenergic responsiveness of
      tissues from rats made hypertensive by short-term isolation.
AB  - 1 The responses to noradrenaline and to noradrenergic nerve stimulation of
      spontaneously beating right atria, electrically driven left atria and vasa
      deferentia taken from rats made hypertensive by short-term isolation have been
      compared with the responses of tissues from normotensive, group-housed animals.2
      Adrenocortical activity of isolated animals was assessed by plasma corticosterone
      determinations and measurement of adrenal weights.3 The hearts of the isolated
      animals were weighed and the myocardial contents of water, sodium, potassium and
      calcium were measured.4 Spontaneously beating right atria from isolated animals
      showed a lower resting rate, no difference in the response to nerve stimulation
      but a greater sensitivity to noradrenaline compared to atria from group-housed
      animals.5 Vasa deferentia from isolated animals showed a decreased maximal
      response to noradrenaline, but no change in noradrenaline sensitivity or in the
      response to transmural stimulation.6 There were indications of hyperactivity of
      the adrenals throughout a 5 week period of isolation, manifest as elevated plasma
      corticosteroid levels and increased adrenal weights.7 Myocardial levels of sodium
      and calcium were elevated at the same time as the tissue level of potassium was
      reduced, but heart weights did not significantly change.8 It is possible that
      adrenal steroid action caused the changes in tissue ionic balance. These ionic
      disturbances may have been responsible for some of the changes in tissue
      sensitivity found in the isolated hypertensive animals.

PMID- 698477
TI  - Evidence for purinergic innervation of the anococcygeus muscle.
AB  - 1 Fluorescence histochemical localization of quinacrine (which binds to adenosine
      5'-triphosphate (ATP)) revealed nerve fibres running singly and in bundles in
      both rat and rabbit anococcygeus muscle. Single neurone cell bodies and ganglia
      containing between 2 and 50 cells were also observed.2 Catecholamine fluorescence
      studies revealed a dense adrenergic ground plexus, but no adrenergic ganglion
      cells were detected. No acetylcholinesterase-positive nerve fibres or ganglion
      cells were seen in the rat.3 When the tone was raised with guanethidine, a
      relaxation in response to field stimulation was revealed, which was unaffected by
      atropine but blocked by tetrodotoxin.4 Release of ATP increased 3 to 6 times
      above background during stimulation of these non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic,
      inhibitory nerves.5 Neither quinacrine staining nor the release of ATP during
      inhibitory nerve stimulation was affected by 6-hydroxydopamine treatment, which
      abolished catecholamine fluorescence.6 Exogenous ATP produced relaxation in high
      tone preparations of the rabbit anococcygeus muscle. ATP produced either
      contraction or a small relaxation followed by a contraction of the rat
      anococcygeus muscle, but treatment with low concentrations of the prostaglandin
      synthesis inhibitor indomethacin, converted the contraction to a relaxation.7
      These data are consistent with the view that the anococcygeus muscle is
      innervated by purinergic inhibitory nerves.

PMID- 698478
TI  - Selective effects of morphine on the nociceptive responses of thalamic neurones
      in the rat.
AB  - 1. The effects of intravenous morphine on the firing of single sensory neurones
      in the thalamus of the anaesthetized rat are described. 2. Low doses (0.38 to
      2.00 mg/kg) of morphine depressed the excitation of nucleus lateralis neurones
      produced by natural noxious stimuli but were without effect on spontaneous
      activity. The excitation of some of these neurones by iontophoretically applied
      acetylcholine or glutamate was also depressed by morphine. These effects were
      reversed by intravenous (0.25 to 1.17 mg/kg) but not iontophoretically applied
      (50 to 200 nA) naloxone. 3. Similar or higher doses of morphine (0.58 to 5.07
      mg/kg) did not prevent the excitation of ventrobasal thalamic neurones by non
      noxious stimuli. 4. The possibility of a direct action of intravenous morphine in
      the thalamus is discussed.

PMID- 698479
TI  - Pharmacology of the adrenoceptors and cholinoceptors of the BC3H1 nonfusing
      muscle cell line.
AB  - 1. We have studied the action of different transmitters on the transmembrane 42K
      or 86Rb efflux from tissue cultures of the BC3H1 muscle cell line. 2. The effect
      of catecholamines and carbachol (CCh) on the isotope efflux rate was measured by
      addition of the drugs at different times during the washout. 3. Noradrenaline
      (NA), phenylephrine (Phe), isoprenaline (Iso) and CCh increased 42K and 86Rb
      efflux rate in a dose-dependent manner. 4. The action of NA seems to be due
      exclusively to the stimulation of alpha-receptors, since its effect was blocked
      by phentolamine but not by propranolol. The effects of Iso on the 86Rb efflux
      were inhibited by propranolol. The beta-receptors in the BC3H1 cells seem to be
      the beta2-type since they are stimulated by Iso and insensitive to NA. 5. The
      effect of CCh was blocked (+)-tubocurarine but not by atropine. This result
      confirms the presence of nicotinic receptors in BC3H1 cells.

PMID- 698480
TI  - Adrenal origin of plasma catecholamines after decapitation: a study in normal and
      diabetic rats.
AB  - The concentrations of catecholamines and the activities of dopamine-beta
      hydroxylase were measured in blood obtained from decapitated diabetic and aged
      matched control rats. The activity of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase in blood from
      diabetic rats was much greater (5 fold) than that seen for control rats. For both
      diabetic and control rats, decapitation was accompanied by an increase in levels
      of adrenaline and noradrenaline with no change in the activity of plasma dopamine
      beta-hydroxylase. The results are consistent with a predominantly adrenal origin
      of catecholamines and extra-adrenal origin of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase. The high
      activity of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase in diabetes indicates either an increased
      activity of the sympathetic nervous system or changes in dopamine-beta
      hydroxylase turnover.

PMID- 698481
TI  - Prevention by guanethidine analogues of output of noradrenaline induced by sodium
      reduction in rabbit ventricular slices.
AB  - 1 The prevention by guanethidine and related agents of the output of
      noradrenaline induced by low sodium was investigated in rabbit ventricular
      slices. When external NaCl was reduced, the output of noradrenaline into the
      medium collected at 30 min intervals, increased and the endogenous levels
      decreased. These changes induced by replacing sodium with sucrose or choline were
      not affected either by the omission of calcium and addition of 0.5 mM ethylene
      glycol-bis(aminoethylether)N,N,N',N' tetra-acetic acid (EGTA) or by an increase
      in the calcium concentration to 10 mM 30 min before sodium deprivation.2
      Guanethidine 4 x 10(-6) and 4 x 10(-5) M and 4-7-exo-methylene
      hexahydroisoindoline-ethyl guanidine (No. 865-123) 4 x 10(-5) to 8 x 10(-4) M
      inhibited, in a dose-dependent manner, increases in output of noradrenaline
      induced by reduction of sodium to 18 mM, while guanethidine 8 x 10(-5) M and high
      doses of bretylium produced no inhibition: the latter two released
      noradrenaline.3 The inhibitory actions of guanethidine 4 x 10(-5) M and No. 865
      123 4 x 10(-4) M were prevented by tetracaine 3.3 x 10(-4) M, which per se did
      not modify the output of noradrenaline induced by 18 mM sodium.4 Accumulation of
      guanethidine and No. 865-123 in ventricular slices was greater than that noted in
      striated muscle slices and was dose-, time- and temperature-dependent. Tetracaine
      3.3 x 10(-4) M did not prevent the accumulation of guanethidine 4 x 10(-5) M and
      No. 865-123 1.1 x 10(-6) to 4 x 10(-4) M.5 The guanidine derivatives appear to
      increase the permeability of adrenergic nerve endings to sodium ions.

PMID- 698482
TI  - The development of tolerance to ketamine in rats and the significance of hepatic
      metabolism.
AB  - 1. A decrease in sleeping time in rats pretreated with ten daily doses of
      ketamine compared to controls is shown. 2. This decrease in sleeping time is
      associated with a more rapid decrease in circulating and brain levels of ketamine
      and its N-demethylated metabolite and higher levels of the subsequent oxidation
      metabolite in the pretreated animals. 3. Metabolism of ketamine to its N
      demethylated metabolite by liver homogenates in vitro was more rapid when the
      livers were obtained from ketamine pretreated rats. 4. Microsomal preparations
      from rat liver were capable of metabolizing ketamine to its N-demethylated
      metabolite and this metabolite to the subsequent oxidation metabolite in vitro.
      The Vmax and Km for the first reaction calculated from loss of substrate were 433
      mol mg-1 protein h-1 and 0.133 mM respectively and 199 nmol mg-1 protein h-1 and
      0.121 mM for the second reaction. 5. The results indicate that tolerance to
      ketamine in rats is associated with increased hepatic metabolism which can also
      be demonstrated in vitro in liver homogenates.

PMID- 698483
TI  - A comparison of drug-induced responses on rat tracheal, bronchial and lung strip
      in vitro preparations.
AB  - 1. A preparation of rat trachea and a new preparation of rat bronchi are
      described. Both preparations are fluid-filled and the intraluminal pressure is
      monitored. 2. A preparation of rat peripheral airways, the lung strip, is
      described. The preparation consists of a thin strip of lung parenchyma which is
      superfused, and contractions monitored isotonically. 3. The rat trachea and
      bronchi have no intrinsic tone but increases in pressure are elicited in response
      to methacholine. The preparations relax in response to isoprenaline and
      aminophylline in the presence of a methacholine-induced contraction. Both
      preparations respond weakly and show tachyphylaxis to 5-hydroxytryptamine (5HT).
      4. The lung strip contracts with equal magnitude to methacholine and 5-HT. It
      exhibits intrinsic tone which is inhibited by indomethacin and relaxed by
      isoprenaline.

PMID- 698484
TI  - The postnatal development of adrenoceptor responses to agonists and electrical
      stimulation in rat isolated atria.
AB  - 1. Isolated right and left atria from rats of ages ranging from newborn to adult
      were used to measure chronotropic and inotropic responses to noradrenaline,
      isoprenaline, tyramine, and electrical stimulation of intramural nerves. 2. Right
      atria from newborn animals showed increases in rate with noradrenaline,
      isoprenaline, and tyramine which did not differ significantly from those of atria
      from adults. The ED50 values for the chronotropic actions of noradrenaline and
      isoprenaline were not significantly different at any age from the values in adult
      preparations. 3. Paced left atria from newborn rats showed well developed
      positive inotropic responses to noradrenaline and isoprenaline. Newborn left
      atria (and those from 1 and 2 week old animals) were supersensitive to
      noradrenaline but not to isoprenaline. 4. Left atria from newborn animals showed
      very small inotropic responses to both tyramine and field stimulation of
      intramural nerves. These responses developed progressively with age over the
      first three weeks of life. The results are discussed with respect to the
      development of cardiac beta-adrenoceptors and of cardiac sympathetic innervation.

PMID- 698485
TI  - Anti-depressant action of caesium chloride and its modification of chlorpromazine
      toxicity in mice.
AB  - 1. Adult male mice were treated with caesium chloride (1.0 mEq/kg, i.p.) once
      daily for 54 consecutive days before administration of a single dose or reserpine
      (2.0 mg/kg) or (+)-amphetamine (1.0 mg/kg). Pretreatment with caesium chloride
      resulted in potentiation of amphetamine-produced enhancement of motility and in
      antagonism of reserpine-induced behavioural depression in mice as measured by a
      locomotor activity test, compared to the respective controls. 2. Chronic
      administration of caesium chloride (1.0 mEq/kg daily) with gradual dose build-up
      of chlorpromazine (up to 50 mg kg-1 day-1) counteracted chlorpromazine-produced
      mortality in mice. 3. The results suggest an antidepressant property of Cs+ and
      the combined treatment of caesium chloride with chlorpromazine might have a
      clinical application, i.e. in the management of chlorpromazine-induced adverse
      reaction.

PMID- 698486
TI  - Enhancement of a nociceptive reaction by opioid antagonists in mice.
AB  - 1. The opioid antagonists, naloxone, GPA 2163, levallorphan and Mr-2266 reduced
      the latency of the jumping reaction of mice in the hot plate test. The (+)
      isomers of levallorphan and Mr-2266 which are devoid of antagonistic activity did
      not increase this latency. 2. In the same nociceptive reaction test, the
      enhancing effect of naloxone progressed in a dose-range similar to that required
      for the antagonism by naloxone of the depressive action of morphine. 3. The
      facilitatory effect of naloxone was not blocked by the previous administration of
      morphine or etorphine but it was prevented by pretreatment with a high dose of
      buprenorphine. 4. The antagonism by naloxone of morphine and of buprenorphine did
      not follow the same pattern. 5. The factors which are or may be involved in the
      efficacy of naloxone in enhancing nociceptive reactions are discussed. 6. The
      enhancing effect of naloxone may be due to an antagonism of endogenous ligands
      for the opiate receptor. If so, these ligands would be involved in reaction to
      but not in perception of nociceptive stimuli which need not be harmful ones.

PMID- 698488
TI  - The imprisonment of mentally disordered offenders.

PMID- 698487
TI  - A new bioassay for glucagon.
AB  - 1 The relaxant action of glucagon has been studied in strips of rabbit renal
      arteries partially contracted by a low concentration (1 ng/ml) of noradrenaline.2
      The preparation was relaxed in a dose-dependent manner by concentrations of
      glucagon varying between 25 ng/ml and 420 ng/ml.3 The relaxant effect of glucagon
      (0.1 mug/ml approximately ED(60)) on this preparation was not affected by
      propranolol (5.0 mug/ml), cimetidine (10 mug/ml), diphenhydramine (10 mug/ml),
      indomethacin (5.0 mug/ml), phentolamine (1.2 mug/ml), atropine (10 mug/ml) and 8
      Leu-AT(II) (1.0 mug/ml) but was slightly potentiated by Des-Arg(9) Leu-OMe(8)-Bk
      (25 mug/ml) and indomethacin (50 mug/ml).4 The dose-response curve to glucagon
      remained parallel in the presence of papaverine (2.5 mug/ml) but was shifted to
      the left by a factor of 2.5 to 2.8. Theophylline (250 mug/ml) also potentiated
      the vascular relaxation induced by glucagon.5 Insulin (10 mug/ml) did not
      influence the relaxant effect of glucagon.6 The removal of the N-terminal amino
      acid (His) of glucagon reduced by 89% the biological activity of this fragment on
      the vascular preparation. The removal of the C-terminal amino acids Met-27, Asn
      28 and Thr-29 of glucagon resulted in a fragment which was inactive either as an
      agonist or as an antagonist when tested at concentrations as high as 925 ng/ml.7
      It is concluded that the relaxation of partially contracted strips of rabbit
      renal arteries by glucagon constitutes a simple, sensitive, relatively specific
      and reliable bioassay which may be useful for the determination of glucagon in
      biological materials and for structure-activity relationship studies with this
      hormone.

PMID- 698489
TI  - A study of thyroid function in psychiatric in-patients.
AB  - The prevalence of abnormal serum total thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)
      concentrations were determined in 1,206 in-patients in two associated psychiatric
      hospitals. The biochemical pattern of primary hypothyroidism occurred in five
      females and one male (prevalence 0.5 per cent), but in only one patient was the
      diagnosis clinically obvious. Eight patients (all female) were clinically
      hyperthyroid (prevalence 0.7 per cent), of whom six were previously undiagnosed.
      There was no evidence that phenothiazines or benzodiazepine therapy had any
      significant effect on thyroid hormone levels. The small differences in thyroid
      hormone levels between psychiatric diagnostic groups could be explained by
      differences in age distribution.

PMID- 698490
TI  - Thyrotoxicosis and the course of manic-depressive illness.
AB  - The effect of thyrotoxicosis upon the recurrence of manic-depressive psychoses
      has been studied by the use of a routine follow-up system. In this system 267
      patients had three or more affective illnesses. Five of these patients had eight
      well-documented episodes of thyrotoxicosis. Only three of these eight episodes
      coincided with an affective illness, and in each case an alternative explanation
      for the association was available. These findings suggest that thyrotoxicosis has
      little effect upon the occurrence of a manic-depressive episode.

PMID- 698491
TI  - Accidents in a psychiatric hospital.
AB  - In a six-month study of psychiatric hospital in-patients, it was found that
      accidents more often occurred among females and among patients on psychogeriatric
      wards. Falls were the most common form of accident. Accidents resulting from the
      aggressive behaviour of other patients usually occurred on long-stay and
      rehabilitation wards, with middle-aged patients the victims.

PMID- 698492
TI  - Matiruku, a Fijian madness: an initial assessment.
AB  - In Fijian, matiruku means literally 'low tide in the morning' and figuratively
      somebody periodically insane. In this study, the conceptual basis of matiruku was
      examined by means of a questionnaire completed by 24 Fijians which explored its
      occurrence, aetiology and precipitation, phenomenology, management and prognosis.
      It was concluded that matiruku corresponds to hypomania, which may have special
      features in Fiji: short duration, frequent recurrence and an intensification of
      symptoms in the morning.

PMID- 698493
TI  - Brain specific benzodiazepine receptors.
AB  - Brain membranes from rat and human contain a single class of brain specific
      binding sites for pharmacologically and clinically active benzodiazepines. There
      is good correlation between the pharmacological effects of benzodiazepines and
      the affinity for the 3H-diazepam binding site. Benzodiazepine binding sites are
      not present on glial cells. Selective neuronal degeneration experiments in rats
      indicate a neuronal localization. 3H-Flunitrazepam is a very suitable ligand for
      affinity binding and it binds to the same class of binding sites as 3H-diazepam.
      Our results indicate that the in vitro 3H-diazepam and 3H-flunitrazepam binding
      sites are the receptors which in vivo mediate various pharmacological and
      clinical effects of benzodiazepines.

PMID- 698494
TI  - Transcultural psychiatry.

PMID- 698495
TI  - British psychiatry's love affair.

PMID- 698496
TI  - Measurement in psychotherapy.

PMID- 698497
TI  - Is parenthood teachable?

PMID- 698498
TI  - Capgras' syndrome and cerebral dysfunction.

PMID- 698499
TI  - EEG studies in male polygonosomic psychopaths (47, XYY and 47, XXY).

PMID- 698500
TI  - Inheritance of alcoholism.

PMID- 698501
TI  - Cancer and suicide.

PMID- 698502
TI  - Tardive dyskinesia or schizophrenic abnormal movements?

PMID- 698503
TI  - Delinquency and the development of moral reasoning.
AB  - A sample of 34 incarcerated male delinquents aged 16-17 and a matched group of
      controls were compared on self-report measures of delinquency, on Rest's (1975)
      Defining Issues Test (DIT) of moral reasoning, and on measures of logical
      operational ability. The mean levels of self-reported delinquency of the
      incarcerated group were substantially higher than those of the controls. There
      was no significant difference between the groups in logical operational ability
      but the mean P score (index of mature moral reasoning) was significantly higher
      in the control group. However, no relationship was found between moral reasoning
      and levels of self-reported delinquency. It was concluded that degree and
      seriousness of involvement of delinquency is unrelated to immaturity of moral
      reasoning and that the utility of the cognitive developmental approach to moral
      socialization may therefore be more restricted than has previously been claimed.

PMID- 698504
TI  - Necker cube reversals, arousal and psychopathy.
AB  - Necker cube reversals were studied in a group of 24 arrested men in three
      experimental sessions; two weeks, one week and immediately before trial. The
      first session was assumed to represent a moderate laboratory stress due to the
      novelty of the situation, and the last session a real-life stress associated with
      anticipation of appearing in court. Both were superimposed on the sustained real
      life stress of being in jail. There were no stress-related changes between the
      three sessions in the rate of apparent change (RAC) of the Necker cube. The intra
      individual stability of RAC was extremely high. There were significant positive
      correlations between RAC in all sessions, and a psychopathy-related inventory
      scale, the Gough delinquency scale.

PMID- 698505
TI  - The craving factor in the treatment of smoking.
AB  - A review of previous studies suggests that many of the consistent results
      obtained may reflect individual differences in smoking behaviour. It was felt
      that Tomkins' (1966) distinction between craving and non-craving smokers would be
      particularly relevant to this. The present study investigates the effects of such
      individual differences in smoking behaviour within a self-control treatment
      programme. Thirty-four smokers were assigned to three groups: two self-control
      treatment groups and an attention-monitoring control group. The treatment groups
      differed in that group II concentrated on the positive aspects of not smoking,
      whereas group III used a wide range of techniques. Treatment effects were not
      significant but a critical factor in abstinence, drop-out and percentage
      reduction during the study was craving/non-craving status. The results indicate
      that two separate populations of smokers exist who seem to have different
      responses to treatment. This, it is argued, has blurred analysis of results in
      previous studies. The two types of smoker may require separate treatment
      considerations, both in therapy and in long-term management.

PMID- 698506
TI  - Spurious and actual improvement in the treatment of preoccupying thoughts by
      thought-stopping.
AB  - Two clients troubled by preoccupying thoughts were treated by a version of
      thought-stopping described by Wolpe (1969) which has been infrequently reported
      so far. The frequency of spontaneous intrusive thoughts as they occurred within
      sessions was found to be a useful measure of clinical outcome, but it is
      suggested that careful control and definition of variations in procedure is
      necessary in order to eliminate spurious results. Treatment was found to produce
      an improvement which was maintained at follow-up.

PMID- 698507
TI  - The analysis of interactions in experiments on the specificity of schizophrenic
      thought disorder: a reply to Phillips.
AB  - Phillips (1977) has criticized the investigation of statistical interactions in a
      series of related papers concerned with the specificity hypothesis of
      schizophrenic thought disorder. In a discussion of these criticisms, some are
      accepted and some rejected. However, when the relevant data are reanalysed by a
      correct method for the investigation of nominated interactions, the specificity
      hypothesis is broadly supported. A new finding to emerge from the reanalysis is
      that, in two experiments where level of 'difficulty' of constructs was
      controlled, the specificity effect appears much reduced or non-existent when
      intensity scores are employed while remaining intact for consistency scores.

PMID- 698508
TI  - Intrarenal reflux--papillary morphology and pressure relationships in children's
      necropsy kidneys.
AB  - A radiological study of the necropsy kidneys of 100 children was made.
      Morphologically it was shown that compound or fixed papillae predominate in the
      upper group of calyces and to a lesser degree in the lower group, whilst simple
      papillae occurred in the middle group. Pressure studies showed that intrarenal
      reflux occurred in compound papillae at lower pressure than in simple papillae
      and that lower pressures were required to produce intrarenal reflux in the first
      year of life.

PMID- 698509
TI  - Radiographic findings of Ewing's sarcoma of the jaws.
AB  - The radiographic findings in eight cases of Ewing's sarcoma of the jaws are
      analysed in detail. Similar findings to those in peripheral skeletal involvement
      were demonstrated including: (a) permeative bone destruction, (b) periosteal
      reaction, and (c) extraosseous soft tissue mass. Specific to the jaws is the
      occurrence of dental displacement without destruction. The differential diagnosis
      of Ewing's sarcoma of the jaws is discussed in detail and illustrated.

PMID- 698510
TI  - Post-thoracotomy lung herniation.
AB  - Two cases of lung herniation complicating thoracotomy are presented. The
      classification and radiographic findings of lung hernia are reviewed.

PMID- 698511
TI  - Retained surgical swabs: possible causes for errors in x-ray detection and an
      atlas to assist recognition.
AB  - A swab or pack left in a patient may not be recognised on a radiograph. This will
      usually be due to poor observation, but errors may result from unfamiliarity with
      the pattern of the markers. In addition, some markers may be difficult to detect,
      though this usually applies only to swabs which are very small or to those
      produced by some continental manufacturers. It should also be realised that, in a
      very few hospitals, swabs which do not have an opaque marker may occasionally be
      used in theatre. All the X-ray detectable swabs provided by the major suppliers
      in the U.K. are demonstrated.

PMID- 698512
TI  - A heavy particle comparative study. Part I: depth-dose distributions.
AB  - The results of a comparative study of heavy particles of interest in
      radiotherapy, with peaks spread over a depth of 10 cm, are reported in four
      parts. The introduction to this study and the depth-dose distributions of the
      particles, (n, pi-, p, He, C, Ne, and Ar ions) are reported herein. The results
      indicate that protons give the best localization of dose. The degree of
      localization of dose with heavy ions is reduced with increasing charge on the
      ion. For ranges less than 15cm, heavier ions such as neon and argon still have
      favourable dose localization; however, for ranges in excess of 15 cm, heavy ions
      such as argon are unfavourable but superior to fast neutrons because penetration
      can be controlled by modulation of energy or range.

PMID- 698513
TI  - A heavy particle comparative study. Part II: cell survival versus depth.
AB  - Cell-survival measurements with depth of penetration were made for a series of
      incident doses of proton, helium, carbon, neon, argon, negative pion, neutron,
      and 60Co photon beams. Cultured human cells (T1) suspended in a gel-containing
      medium were used, and the measurements were found to be very useful in
      facilitating the design of ridge filters to produce iso-effects in the region of
      interest. Heavy charged particle beams (proton, helium, carbon, neon, and
      negative pion) were found to produce similar cell killing with depth of
      penetration. Because of saturation effects at higher LET, argon ions were less
      effective in killing aerated cells at depth, compared with other heavy charged
      particle beams. Cell killing at depth in the region of interest, compared with
      that at the entrance, was not significantly different for single-field exposures
      when the Bragg peaks were broadened to cover a width of 10 cm. However, when two
      opposed fields with overlapping peaks were used, a large enhancement in killing
      was obtained in the peak region.

PMID- 698514
TI  - A heavy particle comparative study. Part III: OER and RBE.
AB  - The results of a comparative study of heavy particles of interest in radiotherapy
      are reported in four parts. In this Part III, cell-survival measurements under
      aerobic and hypoxic conditions were made for various heavy particle beams. For
      heavy charged-particle beams, the measurements were made at the beam entrance
      (plateau), peak centre (10 cm wide peaks), and distal peak (1 cm from dose fall
      off). Chinese hamster cells (V79) were used. Metabolic depletion was used to
      obtain hypoxia. The results indicate that the differences in RBE between the
      entrance region and peak are not very large when the Bragg peaks are broadened to
      10 cm. The RBE for argon ions remains the same at the entrance and peak centre,
      and the RBE at the distal side of the Bragg peak is significantly reduced
      compared to the peak centre and entrance region because of saturation effects at
      high LET. The OER for protons is not significantly different from that for X
      rays. The OER for helium ions, carbon ions, and negative pions is larger, for
      neon ions is similar, and for argon ions is smaller when compared with fast
      neutrons. The OER values for heavy ions are higher than expected and could be due
      to a large delta-ray penumbra associated with the energy deposited by energetic
      heavy ions. The oxygen effect may depend upon energy deposition over distances of
      the order of nanometers.

PMID- 698515
TI  - A heavy particle comparative study. Part IV: acute and late reactions.
AB  - The results of a comparative study of heavy particles of interest in radiotherapy
      are reported in four parts. In this Part IV, early skin reactions and late
      reactions (foot deformity) in mice for various heavy particles are reported. For
      heavy charged particles, the exposures were made at the entrance region (plateau)
      and centre of the peak (10 cm wide peaks). For 60Co gamma rays and fast neutrons
      (50 MeV D leads to Be), the exposures were made at the peak of the depth-dose
      curve. The time-course of development of skin reaction and subsequent healing
      after exposure to heavy ions or 60Co gamma rays were remarkably similar,
      suggesting that skin damage and subsequent epithelial repopulation after exposure
      to heavy ions are not different from 60Co gamma rays. When the Bragg peaks were
      broadened to 10 cm, the RBE at the peak, compared with the entrance region, was
      significantly higher for carbon ions but nearly the same or even lower for neon
      and argon ions because of saturation effects at high LET. The RBE for fast
      neutrons was comparable to that at the peak for carbon ions. The correlation
      between early skin reaction and foot deformity remained the same for all
      particles.

PMID- 698516
TI  - The B-scan ultrasonic appearances of gas in the biliary tree.
AB  - Gas in the biliary tree has a striking but not unique ultrasonic appearance
      consisting of acoustic shadows trailing behind well-defined discrete high
      amplitude echoes deep within the liver parenchyma, and may be mimicked by
      intrahepatic gall stones and calcified tumours and granulomas. It interferes with
      assessment of liver structure, and renders ultrasound B-scan unreliable for the
      detection of liver metastases. Computed tomography remains unaffected by biliary
      gas.

PMID- 698517
TI  - A phantom designed to compare the quality of various mammographic images.

PMID- 698518
TI  - Electronic dual timer for a teletherapy machine.

PMID- 698519
TI  - Structural changes of the intradural arteries following subarachnoid haemorrhage.

PMID- 698520
TI  - Intra-osseous vascular malformation of the mandible.

PMID- 698521
TI  - Peri-articular calcification with fluid levels in secondary hyperparathyroidism.

PMID- 698522
TI  - Prenatal ultrasonic diagnosis of fetal teratoma of the neck.

PMID- 698523
TI  - The toxicity of the radiosensitizer misonidazole towards hypoxic cells in vitro:
      a model for mouse and man.

PMID- 698524
TI  - The magnitude of hypoxic cell cytotoxicity of misonidazole in human tumours.

PMID- 698525
TI  - The value of real time ultrasound abdominal scanning.

PMID- 698526
TI  - Optimum photon energies for the measurement of bone mineral and fat fractions.

PMID- 698527
TI  - Topical noxythiolin in colonic healing.
AB  - Rats were subjected to division and anastomosis of the colon just proximal to the
      rectum to study the healing of colonic anastomoses. The effect of noxythiolin
      irrigation of the divided colon before and after anastomosis was investigated and
      compared with controls. Healing was assessed using five variables--macroscopic
      and microscopic inspection, bursting pressure and tensile strength estimations
      and angiography for new vessel formation. The study shows that noxythiolin
      irrigation of the colon in the rat significantly increases the chance of a sound
      anastomosis without interfering with healing. Furthermore, it inhibits the
      formation of adhesions.

PMID- 698528
TI  - Excluded loop syndrome: a complication of jejuno-ileal bypass for obesity.
AB  - Excluded loop syndrome may develop in patients who undergo jejuno-ileal bypass
      surgery with the excluded small intestine drained via an ileosigmoidostomy. A
      unique case of a morbidly obese male who underwent the procedure while on
      methadone maintenance therapy is presented. The major factor in the development
      of this disorder appears to be the high intraluminal pressures within the sigmoid
      colon which prevent adequate egress from the excluded loop. Narcotic medications
      tend to induce or intensify the syndrome.

PMID- 698529
TI  - Early results with human umbilical cord vein allografts for haemodialysis.
AB  - Six patients requiring intermittent haemodialysis for chronic renal failure
      underwent construction of an arteriovenous fistula using modified human umbilical
      cord vein allografts. Three grafts soon showed degenerative changes and were
      removed--2 thrombosed and 1 became infected. Satisfactory haemodialysis was
      achieved with the remaining 3 grafts. Two grafts are currently patent at 9.5 and
      11 months respectively, while another graft became aneurysmal after 8 months,
      requiring its removal.

PMID- 698530
TI  - Post-amputation pneumatic walking aid.
AB  - A pneumatic walking training aid is described that has been developed by the
      Biomechanical Research and Development Unit, Roehampton, from the original design
      by Little. The new design has been used in the management of 87 amputations,
      including 44 patients over the age of 70. Ninety-four per cent of these patients
      were rehabilitated to walking independently on a pylon or prosthesis.

PMID- 698531
TI  - Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome: a case report.
AB  - A rare case of bilateral popliteal artery entrapment syndrome is reported.
      Pathological changes of the occluded lesion in this anomaly were investigated in
      8 other cases. Abnormal longitudinal muscle in the media was noted in all.
      Development of these muscle bundles was considered to be due to chronic trauma
      inflicted by pressure on the arterial wall. Its significance is emphasized to
      assist in differentiation from other chronic arterial occlusive disease.

PMID- 698532
TI  - The fibrinogen uptake test after hip surgery.
AB  - The fibrinogen uptake test has been used to detect deep vein thrombosis after
      total hip replacement in 90 patients. The upper third of the thigh in each leg
      was ignored and peripheral leg counting carried out distal to this. The results
      were directly compared with the findings of venography in the 170 legs of the 90
      patients. There was a high false positive rate (30 per cent) with the fibrinogen
      uptake test which was associated with the presence of the knee joint effusion or
      varicose veins, but not with the site of operation. There was a low false
      negative rate (less than 5 per cent), and the fibrinogen uptake test, used in
      this way, may fail to detect a percentage of small thrombi in the wound area that
      are probably produced by the local trauma of operation. It is considered that the
      fibrinogen uptake test has a clinical use as a screening test for deep vein
      thrombosis after hip replacement, but venography is required in the interests of
      accuracy.

PMID- 698533
TI  - Intravenous isotope calf scanning in the assessment of intermittent claudication.

PMID- 698534
TI  - Acute abdominal complications of systemic lupus erythematosus.
AB  - Four patients with acute abdominal complications of systemic lupus erythematosus
      requiring laparotomy are presented. The complications consisted of intestinal
      ischaemia, without perforation, in 3 patients and omental infarction in the
      fourth. In 2 patients the abdominal emergency was the first manifestation of the
      collagen disease. Tissue removed from 3 patients showed a marked vasculitis on
      histological examination. The pathogenesis and management of acute abdominal
      complications of systemic lupus erythematosus are discussed and the literature
      reviewed.

PMID- 698535
TI  - The management and prognosis of oesophageal perforation.

PMID- 698536
TI  - Spontaneous rupture of the oesophagus and massive pneumoperitoneum.
AB  - A case of spontaneous rupture of the abdominal oesophagus is described. The
      presentation, after an interval of 4 weeks from the onset of symptons, was
      unusual with massive pneumoperitoneum without peritonitis.

PMID- 698537
TI  - The relationship between the rate of gastric emptying and the dumping syndrome.
AB  - Following an oral hypertonic glucose challenge, gastric emptying and changes in
      plasma volume were measured in 15 subjects before and in 36 subjects after a
      truncal or selective vagotomy with a drainage procedure. The symptoms experienced
      during the test were noted, and the postoperative patients divided into two
      groups, (a) 20 patients who experienced dumping symptoms during the test and (b)
      16 patients who did not. Gastric emptying was significantly faster and the fall
      in plasma volume significantly greater in those patients who experienced symptoms
      after the ingestion of hypertonic glucose than in those who did not, clearly
      demonstrating that the dumping syndrome is associated with an increased rate of
      gastric emptying. In addition, there was a significant positive correlation
      between the rate of gastric emptying and the fall in plasma volume.

PMID- 698538
TI  - Diets and stoma function.
AB  - Fifty ileostomy and 50 colostomy patients were questioned as to which foods upset
      their stoma function. Most patients had no problem in finding a suitable diet and
      70 per cent would eat any food on occasions, although half the patients found
      that side effects with particular foods were a nuisance. Only a small range of
      foodstuffs seemed to produce symptoms in a significant proportion of patients. We
      feel that no particular foodstuff should be eliminated from a diet without an
      adequate trial as most patients are able to eat entirely normally.

PMID- 698539
TI  - Kock's continent ileostomy: results of 51 operations and experiences with
      correction of nipple-valve insufficiency.

PMID- 698540
TI  - The prognostic and therapeutic implications of the positive radionuclide bone
      scan in clinically early breast cancer.
AB  - Seventy-five women with clinical stage I or stage II carcinoma of the breast have
      had radionuclide bone scans at the time of presentation and at 6-monthly
      intervals during a mean follow-up period of 39 months. Patients with evidence of
      metastases on bone scan, either at the time of presentation or during follow-up,
      had significantly higher mortality and morbidity rates than those with
      persistently negative scans. Whatever the clinical stage, breast cancer patients
      with a positive bone scan have a very poor short term prognosis and local therapy
      to the breast is inadequate. A plan is outlined which incorporates the patient's
      bone scan status into the decision to introduce endocrine therapy or
      chemotherapy.

PMID- 698541
TI  - The plasma clearance of fructose and glucose during and after surgical operation.
AB  - Fasting blood glucose is elevated and the rate of disappearance of a glucose load
      is reduced after major surgery. Resistance to insulin is considered to play a
      part in post-traumatic glucose intolerance. Fructose metabolism is partly
      independent of insulin. Glucose and fructose clearance were compared in two
      groups of 6 matched male patients with normal glucose tolerance who were studied
      before and after major vascular surgical operations of the same severity.
      Fructose or glucose (25 g) was given intravenously over a 2-min period before,
      during and at intervals for 8 days after surgery. The rate of clearance of
      fructose increased significantly during operation (P less than 0.01), but
      returned to the preoperative level by the first postoperative day. Glucose
      clearance, in contrast, was reduced during and throughout the 8 days of the
      study. The fructose load produced a brisk insulin response before operation which
      was diminished and delayed during surgery. These findings suggest that
      administered fructose may be removed more rapidly than glucose during and
      immediately after surgical operation.

PMID- 698542
TI  - Liver function and lactate metabolism in the ill surgical patient.
AB  - Liver function and lactate metabolism were investigated in non-shocked, severely
      ill surgical patients. Fasting venous blood lactate concentration was increased
      and plasma liver function tests were abnormal in ill patients compared with
      controls. Ill patients were glucose-intolerant and blood lactate changes
      following intravenous glucose infusion were similar in both ill and control
      patients. Blood lactate half-life was increased in ill patients following a
      sodium L-lactate infusion, suggesting that the increased fasting lactate
      concentration may have been due to decreased hepatic removal rather than to
      increased peripheral production of lactate.

PMID- 698544
TI  - Sigmoid motility and clinical results after transverse taeniamyotomy for
      diverticular disease.

PMID- 698543
TI  - The effect of elective surgery on 3-methylhistidine excretion.
AB  - Elective surgical operation in normally nourished patients is associated with an
      increase of up to 40 per cent in the urinary excretion of 3-methylhistidine
      during the first three postoperative days. This increase was statistically
      significant (P less than 0.01) on the second and third postoperative days. This
      probably represents a minor degree of increased muscle proteolysis, principally
      due to the operative trauma. The possible effect of postoperative starvation
      requires further elucidation.

PMID- 698545
TI  - Lord's procedure.

PMID- 698546
TI  - Ultrasound scanning in detecting gallstones.

PMID- 698547
TI  - Postoperative pain.

PMID- 698548
TI  - Chronic spinal arachnoiditis.

PMID- 698549
TI  - Growing fractures of the skull.

PMID- 698550
TI  - Quest for excellence.

PMID- 698551
TI  - The continent urostomy.

PMID- 698552
TI  - Throwing off warts.

PMID- 698553
TI  - Falls and femoral fractures.

PMID- 698554
TI  - Treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon by fibrinolytic enhancement.
AB  - Twenty patients with advanced Raynaud's phenomenon, in 14 of whom it was
      secondary to scleroderma, were treated with stanozolol, an anabolic steroid that
      enhances natural fibrinolysis. All showed an increase in hand blood flow and a
      reduction in symptoms during treatment. This response may have been caused by the
      lysis of fibrin deposited in the digital arteries and the reduction of plasma
      viscosity. Stanozolol is a useful addition to the treatment of patients with
      advanced Raynaud's phenomenon who have trophic changes.

PMID- 698556
TI  - Indian childhood cirrhosis: an inherited disorder of tryptophan metabolism?
AB  - Urine samples from members of 29 families of patients with Indian childhood
      cirrhosis (ICC) and nine families with related disorders gave positive reactions
      when tested with ferric chloride. Column chromatography showed that this was due
      to the presence of abnormally large amounts of tryptophan metabolites, notably 3
      hydroxyanthranilic acid. Affected pedigrees had a significantly greater
      prevalence of peptic ulcer, adult cirrhosis, diabetes mellitus, migraine, and
      Parkinsonism than a control population. ICC may result from an inborn error of
      tryptophan metabolism in susceptible ethnic groups.

PMID- 698555
TI  - Hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid function in anorexia nervosa: influence of weight
      gain.
AB  - The functional state of the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis was assessed in 14
      women and girls with anorexia nervosa when at low body weight and again in 12
      cases after they had gained weight. Mean serum thyroxine concentrations were low
      before and after weight gain. Mean serum triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations
      were substantially reduced at low weight and doubled after weight gain, the
      absolute values being linearly correlated with body weight expressed as a
      percentage of the ideal. Concentrations of reverse T3 were greatly increased in
      some patients initially and fell with weight gain. Basal concentrations of
      thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were unchanged after weight gain but the TSH
      response to thyrotrophin-releasing hormone was significantly augmented; delayed
      patterns of response were found in seven out of 12 patients tested before and
      three out of 12 patients tested after weight gain. Changes in the hypothalamo
      pituitary-thyroid axis are common in anorexia nervosa and probably represent both
      peripheral and central adaptations to the altered nutritional state.

PMID- 698557
TI  - HBsAg-positive chronic liver disease: inhibition of DNA polymerase activity by
      vidarabine.
AB  - Four patients who had chronic liver disease and were positive for hepatitis B
      surface antigen (HBsAg) were treated with vidarabine, a synthetic purine
      nucleoside that inhibits DNA polymerase activity in vitro and in vivo. Before
      treatment all had raised serum DNA polymerase concentrations. Three also had
      hepatitis B e (HBe) and were shown by electron microscopy to have hepatitis B
      virus (Dane) particles in their serum. In all patients 10 days' treatment with
      vidarabine resulted in an immediate loss of DNA polymerase activity. In three
      patients the activity returned when treatment was stopped. In those three
      patients Dane particles and HBe antigen persisted during and after treatment; in
      the fourth patient, who remained negative for DNA polymerase, HBsAg titres fell.
      Although vidarabine inhibited virus replication, virus particles did not
      disappear from the blood in these patients, presumably because the particles were
      cleared only slowly. Similar results with interferon suggest that the virus
      disappears, and HBsAg titres fall, some weeks after the fall in DNA polymerase
      activity. Continued treatment may therefore have a sustained effect on viral
      replication. Whether vidarabine can permanently clear HBsAg and so arrest chronic
      liver disease remains to be seen, but at the very least it could reduce the
      spread of infection.

PMID- 698558
TI  - Changes in antibiotic sensitivity in strains of Staphylococcus aureus, 1952-78.
AB  - Two hundred strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from outpatients with
      infections of the skin and subcutaneous tissues were tested for sensitivity to
      penicillin, erythromycin, tetracycline, sodium fusidate, methicillin,
      clindamycin, chloramphenicol, and gentamicin. One hundred and sixty-three (81.5%)
      of the strains were resistant to penicillin and 16 (8%) resistant to
      tetracycline. Incidence of resistance to other antibiotics was low. No strain was
      resistant to chloramphenicol, gentamicin, or methicillin. When compared with
      results of earlier studies, there was an increase in the incidence of resistance
      to penicillin and tetracycline, but no appreciable increase in resistance to
      other antibiotics.

PMID- 698559
TI  - Chronic bronchitis: is bacteriological examination of sputum necessary?

PMID- 698560
TI  - Search for late-onset side effects of practolol.

PMID- 698561
TI  - Legionnaires' disease and acute renal failure.

PMID- 698562
TI  - Breakfast and Crohn's disease--I.

PMID- 698564
TI  - How to do it. Organise an international medical meeting. I: Committees and
      budgets.

PMID- 698563
TI  - Breakfast and Crohn's disease--II.

PMID- 698565
TI  - Medical care in the inner cities.

PMID- 698566
TI  - Use of antibiotics. Aminoglycosides.

PMID- 698567
TI  - Mortality from abortion: the NHS record.

PMID- 698568
TI  - Whooping-cough fatality rate.

PMID- 698569
TI  - Drugs for myeloma.

PMID- 698570
TI  - Computer confidentiality.

PMID- 698571
TI  - Sexual pressures on children.

PMID- 698572
TI  - Acute renal failure due to polymyositis.

PMID- 698573
TI  - Medicine and the media.

PMID- 698574
TI  - Misdiagnosis of amoebiasis.

PMID- 698575
TI  - Communication in hospital.

PMID- 698576
TI  - Treatment of hypertensive emergencies with oral labetalol.

PMID- 698577
TI  - Treatment of septicaemia.

PMID- 698578
TI  - Possible environmental hazards of gas cooking.

PMID- 698579
TI  - Radiotherapy for painful heel syndrome.

PMID- 698580
TI  - Autoimmunity in juvenile diabetics and their families.

PMID- 698581
TI  - Lymphatic fistula: a complication of arterial surgery.

PMID- 698582
TI  - Spurious polycythaemia in a neonate?

PMID- 698583
TI  - Surgery for intracranial aneurysm in the elderly.

PMID- 698584
TI  - A numbers game: understanding normal standards.

PMID- 698585
TI  - Swaddling and congenital dislocation of the hip.

PMID- 698586
TI  - Propranolol in black hypertensives.

PMID- 698587
TI  - Behcet's disease.

PMID- 698588
TI  - Carcinoma of the male breast and oestrogen metabolism.

PMID- 698589
TI  - Prevalence of multiple sclerosis in West Yorkshire.

PMID- 698590
TI  - Cerebral blood flow in diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 698591
TI  - Ileostomy or ileorectal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis.

PMID- 698592
TI  - Misuse of hypnosis.

PMID- 698593
TI  - Pigeon fanciers and disease.

PMID- 698594
TI  - Career structure in community medicine.

PMID- 698595
TI  - Part-time training open to all?

PMID- 698596
TI  - Authority in the NHS.

PMID- 698597
TI  - New consultant contract.

PMID- 698598
TI  - Outbreak of whooping cough in general practice.

PMID- 698599
TI  - Is cancer irreversible?

PMID- 698600
TI  - Patient package inserts.

PMID- 698601
TI  - The gate control theory of pain.

PMID- 698602
TI  - Ticks, tourists, and encephalitis.

PMID- 698603
TI  - Dysmorphobia.

PMID- 698604
TI  - Allergy to house dust mite in childhood asthma.

PMID- 698605
TI  - Private practice and the NHS.

PMID- 698606
TI  - Ambulation in labour.
AB  - In a randomised prospective study of 68 women in spontaneous labour half were
      allocated to an ambulant group and half to a recumbent group. The duration of
      labour was significantly shorter, the need for analgesia significantly less, and
      the incidence of fetal heart abnormalities significantly smaller in the ambulant
      group than in the recumbent group. Apgar scores at one and five minutes were also
      significantly greater in the ambulant group. More patients in the recumbent group
      required augmentations with oxytocic drugs. There was no statistically
      significant difference in the third stage loss in the two groups. Ambulation in
      labour should be encouraged: it may bring human benefits while allowing the
      advantages of hospital supervision.

PMID- 698607
TI  - A glucose-controlled insulin infusion system for diabetic women during labour.
AB  - A glucose-controlled insulin infusion system was used to control blood glucose
      concentration during labour or caesarean section in six insulin-dependent
      diabetics. The mean blood glucose concentration during the four hours of labour
      immediately before delivery was 4.6-5.2 mmol/1 (82.9-93.7 mg/100 ml). Feedback
      control of insulin delivery by blood glucose concentration should decrease the
      risk of postpartum hypoglycaemia in the infant and allow normal obstetric
      management for the insulin-dependent diabetic in labour.

PMID- 698608
TI  - Interstitial lung disease in a patient treated with 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin
      C.

PMID- 698609
TI  - Pneumothorax after acupuncture.

PMID- 698610
TI  - Nephrocalcinosis: another cause of renal erythrocytosis.

PMID- 698611
TI  - Intrathoracic perforation of hiatus hernia.

PMID- 698612
TI  - Phaeochromocytoma with lactic acidosis.

PMID- 698613
TI  - Malignant mesothelioma and gas-mask assemblers.

PMID- 698614
TI  - Response of "idiopathic" recurrent angioneurotic oedema to tranexamic acid.

PMID- 698616
TI  - Use of antibiotics. Aminoglycosides.

PMID- 698617
TI  - Organise an international medical meeting. II: Scientific programme.

PMID- 698615
TI  - Isolating patients in hospital to control infection. Part I--Sources and routes
      of infection.

PMID- 698618
TI  - Difficulties in diagnosing and managing congenital dislocation of the hip.
AB  - In a 10-year retrospective study of 25 921 consecutive deliveries in a neonatal
      unit in Newcastle upon Tyne 271 cases of congenital dislocation of the hips were
      identified. Of these, the outcome was unsatisfactory in 12: four diagnoses were
      missed at birth and eight children required further surgical treatment.
      Radiological abnormalities were detected in a further five children at long-term
      follow-up examination. From the results of this study and other published series
      it was concluded that lack of attention to detail was the main cause of
      inadequate diagnosis and management of congenital dislocation of the hips. More
      detailed instruction of junior staff, confirmation of the diagnosis by senior
      staff, the use of a non-removable splint early in treatment, and thorough follow
      up by senior staff are all important.

PMID- 698620
TI  - Hospital equipment "Which?".

PMID- 698619
TI  - Modern trends in management of non-albuminuric hypertension in late pregnancy.

PMID- 698621
TI  - Misdiagnosis of amoebiasis.

PMID- 698622
TI  - When and why are babies weaned?

PMID- 698623
TI  - Sexual pressures on children.

PMID- 698624
TI  - Health Service planning and medical education.

PMID- 698625
TI  - Paget's disease in Australian immigrants.

PMID- 698626
TI  - Training in community medicine.

PMID- 698627
TI  - Melatonin as a tumour marker in a patient with pineal tumour.

PMID- 698628
TI  - Thyroid extract.

PMID- 698629
TI  - Cigarette smoking and postoperative deep-vein thrombosis.

PMID- 698630
TI  - Computer confidentiality.

PMID- 698631
TI  - Investigating stroke.

PMID- 698632
TI  - Organ transplantation and the fetal allograft.

PMID- 698633
TI  - Sjogren's syndrome, bromhexine, and tear secretion.

PMID- 698634
TI  - Rape and the laboratory: blood-grouping of hair.

PMID- 698635
TI  - Expectations of a pregnant woman.

PMID- 698636
TI  - Glycolysated haemoglobin and diabetic control.

PMID- 698637
TI  - Diflunisal (Dolobid) overdose.

PMID- 698638
TI  - Social problems of schizophrenics.

PMID- 698639
TI  - Relative activity of atenolol and metoprolol.

PMID- 698640
TI  - General practice records.

PMID- 698641
TI  - Negotiating rights for junior hospital doctors.

PMID- 698642
TI  - Primary care in inner cities.

PMID- 698643
TI  - Wheelchairs.

PMID- 698644
TI  - Adverse reactions to intravenous induction agents.

PMID- 698645
TI  - Antibiotic resistance and topical treatment.

PMID- 698646
TI  - HLA-B27 and risk of ankylosing spondylitis.

PMID- 698648
TI  - Making policy in the dark.

PMID- 698647
TI  - Rocky Mountain spotted fever.

PMID- 698649
TI  - Towards positive diagnosis of the irritable bowel.
AB  - A questionnaire to establish the presence of 15 symptoms thought to be typical of
      the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) was given to 109 unselected patients referred
      to gastroenterology or surgery clinics with abdominal pain or a change in bowel
      habit or both. Review of case records 17--26 months later established a definite
      diagnosis of IBS in 32 patients and of organic disease in 33. Four symptoms were
      significantly more common among patients with IBS--namely, distension, relief of
      pain with bowel movement, and looser and more frequent bowel movements with the
      onset of pain. Mucus and a sensation of incomplete evacuation were also common in
      these patients. The more of these symptoms that were present the more likely was
      it that the patient's pain or altered bowel habit, or both, was due to IBS. We
      conclude that a careful history can increase diagnostic confidence and reduce the
      amount of investigation in many patients with chronic abdominal pain.

PMID- 698650
TI  - Is nasogastric suction necessary in acute pancreatitis?
AB  - Fifty-eight patients with mild to moderately severe acute pancreatitis were
      randomly allocated to treatment with or without nasogastric suction (27 and 31
      patients respectively). Intravenous fluids and pethidine hydrochloride were also
      given. The two groups were comparable clinically at the start of the study. There
      were no differences between the two groups in the mean duration of the following
      features: abdominal pain or tenderness; absence of bowel movements; raised serum
      amylase concentration; time to resumption of oral feeding; and days in hospital.
      Prolonged hyperamylasaemia (serum amylase greater than 0.33 mU/l) occurred in one
      patient in the suction group and in three patients in the non-suction group. A
      mild recurrence of abdominal pain after resumption of oral feeding occurred in
      three patients in the suction group and in two patients in the non-suction group.
      Two patients in the suction group developed overt consumption coagulopathy and
      two others pulmonary complications. No patient in the non-suction group had
      complications. The findings suggest that most patients with mild to moderately
      severe acute pancreatitis do not benefit from nasogastric suction. The procedure
      should be elective rather than mandatory in treating this condition.

PMID- 698651
TI  - Cardiovascular health in the tenth decade.

PMID- 698652
TI  - Solitary diverticulum of transverse colon masquerading as polyp.

PMID- 698653
TI  - Long-term tri- and tetra-cyclic antidepressants, myocardial contractility, and
      cardiac rhythm.

PMID- 698654
TI  - Dixarit overdose: the problem of attractive tablets.

PMID- 698655
TI  - Myositis and acute respiratory infection.

PMID- 698656
TI  - Digoxin prescribing: an evaluation of clinical judgment.

PMID- 698657
TI  - Management of embolised central venous catheters.

PMID- 698658
TI  - Propranolol in hypertension during pregnancy.

PMID- 698659
TI  - Postgraduate education in therapeutics: experience in Merseyside.
AB  - A teaching programme in therapeutics for general practitioners in Merseyside,
      which was led by a group of clinical pharmacologists, had as its principal aim to
      emphasise the importance of rational drug prescribing. The course comprised 15
      sessions restricted to 25 GPs, and the topics were suggested by both the
      organisers and the GPs. Though each session was introduced by a clinical
      pharmacologist, the emphasis was an open discussion and exchange of views. This
      programme may serve as a pattern for other centres.

PMID- 698660
TI  - Use of digitalis in general practice. Liverpool Therapeutics Group.
AB  - A study, which arose out of a general-practitioner teaching programme in clinical
      pharmacology, was designed to assess the use of digitalis in 391 patients in
      general practice. Clinical, biochemical, and pharmacological data were used to
      assess whether digitalis treatment should be discontinued (89 patients; 22.8%);
      the dose kept unchanged (47; 12%); or the dose increased (47; 12%) or decreased
      (24; 6.1%). Serum concentrations of cardiac glycoside were below a defined
      therapeutic range in 159 patients (40.7%), above this range in 37 (9.7%), and
      within the range in 195 (49.3%). Studies of this kind may help to promote a more
      critical attitude to prescribing widely used drugs such as digitalis.

PMID- 698661
TI  - Use of antibiotics. Treatment of neonatal bacterial infection.

PMID- 698662
TI  - Continuing education.

PMID- 698663
TI  - Organise an international medical meeting III: Registration and its problems.

PMID- 698664
TI  - Isolating patients in hospital to control infection part II--Who should be
      isolated, and where?

PMID- 698665
TI  - Sorry John--try again next year.
AB  - The new legislation affecting foreign medical graduates has placed several
      obstacles in the path of potential visitors and immigrants to the United States.
      Now that there is no longer a shortage of doctors in the USA the need for these
      new laws is clear, but their implementation has been hasty and has allowed no
      time for planned transition. If further modifications are made, which may well
      happen, every effort should be made to disseminate information about new
      requirements as widely and rapidly as possible.

PMID- 698666
TI  - Syringe-transmitted hepatitis.

PMID- 698667
TI  - Distribution of registrars.

PMID- 698668
TI  - Undergraduate and postgraduate clinical training.

PMID- 698669
TI  - Efficacy of rubella vaccination.

PMID- 698670
TI  - Rubella immunisation.

PMID- 698671
TI  - Rubella susceptibility in women.

PMID- 698672
TI  - If I had...a sigmoidoscopy.

PMID- 698673
TI  - Psychiatric ward rounds.

PMID- 698674
TI  - Whole gut irrigation.

PMID- 698675
TI  - Breathing other people's smoke.

PMID- 698676
TI  - Self-poisoning by tobacco.

PMID- 698677
TI  - Haemodialysis-triggered asthma.

PMID- 698678
TI  - Sexual pressures on children.

PMID- 698679
TI  - Controlled prescribing.

PMID- 698680
TI  - Proprietary names of drugs.

PMID- 698681
TI  - Health education in schools.

PMID- 698682
TI  - Prevalence of multiple sclerosis in north-east Scotland.

PMID- 698683
TI  - PUVA treatment of psoriasis.

PMID- 698684
TI  - Injuries to cricketers.

PMID- 698685
TI  - Length of hospital stay.

PMID- 698686
TI  - Treatment of ulcerative colitis.

PMID- 698687
TI  - Audiometry in industry.

PMID- 698688
TI  - Radiology work load.

PMID- 698689
TI  - X-ray services for GPs.

PMID- 698690
TI  - Asthma in children.

PMID- 698691
TI  - Paediatric anaesthesia.

PMID- 698692
TI  - Myocardial imaging.

PMID- 698693
TI  - Radioimmunoassay of serum prostatic acid phosphatase in prostatic cancer.

PMID- 698694
TI  - Treatment of ankylosing spondylitis.

PMID- 698695
TI  - Contraceptive methods: risks and benefits.

PMID- 698696
TI  - Effect of stopping low-phenylalanine diet on intellectual progress of children
      with phenylketonuria.
AB  - Forty-seven patients at the Hospital for Sick Children, London, who had
      phenylketonuria and were on a low-phenylalanine diet (21 early-treated--that is,
      treatment started before the age of 4 months--and 26 late-treated) were placed on
      a normal diet between the ages of 5 and 15 years. They showed significant falls
      in mean IQ of about six points after the diet was withdrawn. Twenty-two similar
      patients (five early-treated and 17 late-treated) at the Universitats
      Kinderklinik, Heidelberg, who were placed on a relaxed low-phenylalanine rather
      than a normal diet, showed smaller and non-significant falls in mean IQ. During
      the period of strict diet none of the patients in London or Heidelberg showed any
      consistent falls in IQ. These results suggest that complete withdrawal of the low
      phenylalanine diet during childhood leads to a fall in intellectual progress in
      many patients.

PMID- 698698
TI  - Natural history and prognosis of recurrent breast cancer.
AB  - Patterns of recurrent disease were analysed in 603 patients with breast cancer.
      The time of onset, frequency of recurrence, and survival after recurrence were
      not influenced by age or menopausal state. While survival after local recurrence
      was longer than survival after distant metastasis, the time to onset of local and
      distant disease followed an identical pattern, indicating that local recurrence
      should be regarded as a manifestation of systemic disease. Postoperative
      radiotherapy did not affect the time of onset of local recurrence. We suggest
      that patients with local recurrence should receive both systemic and local
      treatment and that controlled trials of chemotherapeutic agents in these patients
      might be valuable in finding the most effective drug combinations to be used as
      adjuvant treatment after mastectomy.

PMID- 698697
TI  - Sampling pure fetal blood by fetoscopy in second trimester of pregnancy.
AB  - A technique for fetal blood-sampling in the second trimester of pregnancy
      (between 16 and 22 weeks' gestation) combining fetoscopy with real-time
      ultrasound was used in 48 attempts at fetal blood-sampling. Specimens containing
      fetal red cells with or without amniotic fluid or maternal blood, and adequate
      for diagnosing haemoglobinopathies, were obtained in 45 of the 48 fetoscopies.
      Sampling was successful in all 18 patients with a posterior placenta, and in 27
      of the 30 with an anterior placenta. In 22 of the last 27 consecutive fetoscopies
      pure fetal blood was taken; the placenta was anterior in 16 and posterior in six.
      Out of 17 cases sampled between 18 and 22 weeks' gestation pure fetal blood was
      obtained in 16. The volume of the samples varied from 50 to 500 microliter. The
      ability to obtain pure fetal blood consistently even when the placenta is
      anterior will increase knowledge of fetal physiology and the scope of prenatal
      diagnosis.

PMID- 698699
TI  - Diflunisal-induced cholestatic jaundice.

PMID- 698700
TI  - Ingrowing toenails in infancy.

PMID- 698701
TI  - Anterior T wave changes in the ECG of an athlete.

PMID- 698702
TI  - Hypercalciuria and recurrent urinary stone formation despite successful surgery
      for primary hyperparathyroidism.

PMID- 698703
TI  - Abnormal cerebrovascular regulation in hypertensive patients.

PMID- 698704
TI  - Better prescribing.

PMID- 698705
TI  - How to organise an international medical meeting. IV: Registration: the
      mechanics.

PMID- 698706
TI  - Isolating patients in hospital to control infection. Part III--Design and
      construction of isolation accommodation.

PMID- 698708
TI  - Medical care in inner cities.

PMID- 698707
TI  - Taxonomic map of the schizophrenias, with special reference to puerperal
      psychosis.
AB  - Data collected by a single observer on 147 schizophrenic patients were subjected
      to clustering analysis. The results produced the hypothesis that schizophrenic
      illnesses directly after childbirth are a separate disease entity. This
      hypothesis was not disproved by experimental testing. Several disease entities
      may be included in the term schizophrenia. If this is so, the methods used in
      generating and testing the hypothesis that puerperal schizophrenia is a separate
      disease may provide a systematic method of classifying the various illnesses.

PMID- 698709
TI  - Breakfast and Crohn's disease.

PMID- 698710
TI  - Whooping cough.

PMID- 698712
TI  - Misdiagnosis of amoebiasis.

PMID- 698711
TI  - Course in diagnostic parasitology.

PMID- 698713
TI  - Sexual pressures on children.

PMID- 698714
TI  - Postoperative pain.

PMID- 698715
TI  - Medicine and the media.

PMID- 698716
TI  - Carcinoma of the breast in women under the age of 30.

PMID- 698717
TI  - Genital chlamydial infection.

PMID- 698718
TI  - Labetalol in hypertensive emergencies.

PMID- 698719
TI  - Pre-employment medical examinations.

PMID- 698720
TI  - Atenolol self-poisoning.

PMID- 698721
TI  - Axillary hyperhidrosis.

PMID- 698722
TI  - Dangers of glass doors.

PMID- 698723
TI  - Uniform style for biomedical journals.

PMID- 698724
TI  - Efficacy of rubella vaccination.

PMID- 698725
TI  - Secret list of MCQs.

PMID- 698727
TI  - Lord Mayor Treloar Hospital, Alton.

PMID- 698726
TI  - Treatment of narcotic poisoning.

PMID- 698728
TI  - Self-examination of the breasts.

PMID- 698729
TI  - Honorary retirement contracts.

PMID- 698730
TI  - The special care of human milk.

PMID- 698731
TI  - Intensive iron-chelation in thalassaemia.

PMID- 698732
TI  - Tricyclic antidepressant concentrations and clinical response.

PMID- 698733
TI  - Controlled intravascular sodium nitroprusside treatment.

PMID- 698734
TI  - Treatment of childhood cancer: effects on the gonads.

PMID- 698735
TI  - Spasmodic torticollis.

PMID- 698736
TI  - Human milk bank in a district general hospital.
AB  - A human milk bank was organised in the special care baby unit of a district
      general hospital. The staff of the unit and members of a voluntary organisation
      helped to contact donors and arrange collection of milk samples. Over two years
      2093 samples of expressed breast milk were collected from 187 donors and examined
      bacteriologically. Of these samples, 1171 (56%) grew no bacteria. If the organism
      count exceeded 2.5 X 10(6)/1 but was less than 1 X 10(9)/1 samples were subjected
      to mild heat treatment. If the count exceeded 1 X 10(9)/1 the milk was not fed to
      babies. Sixty-five babies received milk from the bank during the second year.
      Although these infants were vulnerable, mortality and morbidity were not
      adversely affected by the banked milk they received. The cost of establishing and
      running a human milk bank need not be high. Extensive resources such as extra
      staff and laboratory and transport facilities were not needed. Enthusiastic co
      operation and good will between hospital staff, voluntary helpers, and donors
      contributed greatly to the success of the scheme.

PMID- 698737
TI  - Treatment of dissecting aortic aneurysm and renin-induced hypertension with
      sodium nitroprusside.

PMID- 698738
TI  - Pulmonary oedema associated with ritodrine infusion and betamethasone
      administration in premature labour.

PMID- 698739
TI  - Does labetalol increase excretion of urinary catecholamines?

PMID- 698740
TI  - Factors inducing relapse in inflammatory bowel disease.

PMID- 698741
TI  - Presumed ataxia-telangiectasia in a man.

PMID- 698742
TI  - What is epidemiology?

PMID- 698743
TI  - How to do it. Organise an international medical meeting. V: The final programme.

PMID- 698744
TI  - Childhood epilepsy.

PMID- 698745
TI  - A clinical study of the EMI scanner: implications for provision of
      neuroradiological services.
AB  - The records of the first 571 patients to be examined with an EMI brain scanner
      were assessed. The patients were divided into diagnostic categories according to
      their clinical presentation. The intracranial investigations that would have been
      performed had the scanner not been available were compared with the
      investigations that were actually performed. As expected, the number of contrast
      investigations fell, but the reduction surpassed expectation. If the full
      clinical impact of the scanner is to be realised the patient's illness must be
      defined in detail and strict attention paid to radiographic detail. By reducing
      the number of special contrast investigations use of the scanner enables existing
      contrast facilities to serve a wider population; and use of the brain scanner in
      district general hospitals would improve the service to patients, especially
      those with head injuries.

PMID- 698746
TI  - How to organise an international medical meeting.

PMID- 698747
TI  - Hospital equipment "Which?".

PMID- 698748
TI  - Hospital inquiries.

PMID- 698749
TI  - African travel.

PMID- 698750
TI  - Screening for breast cancer.

PMID- 698751
TI  - Selenium and motor neurone disease.

PMID- 698752
TI  - Cost of carrying out clinical diagnostic tests.

PMID- 698753
TI  - The continent urostomy.

PMID- 698754
TI  - Legionnaires' disease and acute renal failure.

PMID- 698755
TI  - Carcinoma of bronchus presenting with Henoch-Schonlein purpura.

PMID- 698756
TI  - Isolation to control infection.

PMID- 698757
TI  - Stroke after myocardial infarction.

PMID- 698758
TI  - Antifibrinolytic agents for ruptured intracranial aneurysms.

PMID- 698759
TI  - Cervical presentation of rectal carcinoma.

PMID- 698760
TI  - Paracetamol poisoning.

PMID- 698761
TI  - Muscle cramp and oral salbutamol.

PMID- 698762
TI  - Radiology work load.

PMID- 698763
TI  - Throwing off warts.

PMID- 698764
TI  - New consultant contract.

PMID- 698765
TI  - General practice records.

PMID- 698766
TI  - Smallpox in Birmingham.

PMID- 698767
TI  - The problem of immunization against staphylococcal mastitis.

PMID- 698768
TI  - Effect of mouldy feed containing zearalenone on pregnant sows.

PMID- 698769
TI  - Outbreaks of babesiasis on two farms in Scotland.

PMID- 698770
TI  - Skeletal muscle biopsy techniques in animals for histochemical and
      ultrastructural examination and especially for the diagnosis of myodegeneration
      in cattle.

PMID- 698771
TI  - Body water of calves: change in distribution with diarrhoea.

PMID- 698772
TI  - Sheep tumours in north east Yorkshire. I. Prevalence on seven moorland farms.

PMID- 698773
TI  - Hyena disease in cattle: lutropin, oestradiol-17 beta, testosterone, progesterone
      and 17-hydroxyprogesterone peripheral plasma concentrations.

PMID- 698774
TI  - Welfare and the structure of a battery cage: size and cage floor preferences in
      domestic hens.

PMID- 698775
TI  - A critical analysis of condemnation data for cattle, pigs and sheep 1969 to 1975.

PMID- 698776
TI  - Seasonal changes in bovine and caprine blood chemistry and hepatic vitamin A in
      savanna zone of Nigeria.

PMID- 698777
TI  - Variability of perceptual function: the sensory cortex as a "categorizer" and
      "deducer".

PMID- 698778
TI  - Temporal coordination of phonation and articulation in a case of verbal apraxia:
      a voice onset time study.

PMID- 698779
TI  - The game of the name: an examination of linguistic reference after brain damage.

PMID- 698780
TI  - Increased susceptibility of aphasics to a distractor task in the recall of verbal
      commands.

PMID- 698781
TI  - Regional blood flow changes in the left cerebral hemisphere during word pair
      learning and recall.

PMID- 698782
TI  - An analysis of neurological soft signs in children with learning problems.

PMID- 698783
TI  - Discrimination of voice versus place contrasts in aphasia.

PMID- 698784
TI  - Rapid silent response to repeated target symbols by dyslexic and nondyslexic
      children.

PMID- 698785
TI  - Naming in aphasia: interacting effects of form and function.

PMID- 698786
TI  - Application of the verbal transformation effect with learning-disabled children.

PMID- 698787
TI  - Stuttering following brain damage.

PMID- 698788
TI  - Progressive changes in articulatory patterns in verbal apraxia: a longitudinal
      case study.

PMID- 698789
TI  - Cells of origin of subcortical afferents to the caudate nucleus: a horseradish
      peroxidase study in the cat.
AB  - The horseradish peroxidase tracing method was used to investigate the sources of
      subcortical input to the caudate nucleus in the cat. Of considerable interest was
      the finding, not previously described, that labeled neurons were present outside
      of the intralaminar complex, in the ventral anterior and mediodorsal thalamic
      nuclei. Another new finding was that retrogradely labeled cells were present
      within the basolateral amygdaloid nucleus, following the caudate injections. In
      addition, neurons containing enzyme granules were found within all of the
      intralaminar thalamic nuclei, most prominently in the central lateral and
      centromedian nuclei. Also, HRP-positive cells were strikingly apparent within the
      ipsilateral pars compacta of the substantia nigra, and a few labeled cells were
      found in the ipsilateral pars reticularis, and the contralateral pars compacta of
      the substantia nigra. Cells containing peroxidase granules were also found in the
      ventral tegmental area and the retrorubral area. The most caudal projection to
      the caudate nucleus in the cat was demonstrated by labeled neurons found
      bilaterally in the dorsal nucleus of the mesencephalic raphe.

PMID- 698790
TI  - The cerebellar control of accommodation of the eye in the cat.
AB  - The effect of cerebellar stimulation on the accommodation of the lens was
      examined in anesthetized cats. An infrared optometer was used to measure the
      refractive power of the lens during stimulation of the cerebellum. The area
      giving responses within latencies shorter than 160 msec and amplitudes larger
      than 0.15 diopters is localized in the contralateral interpositus and fastigial
      nuclei and the ipsilateral interpositus nucleus. No responses could be evoked by
      stimulating the bilateral lateral nuclei. Accommodation responses were also
      evoked by cerebellar cortex stimulation. Accommodation responses evoked by
      stimulating the cerebellar nuclei were inhibited by preceding cerebellar cortical
      stimulation.

PMID- 698791
TI  - Identification of a subregion within rat neostriatum for the dopaminergic
      modulation of lateral hypothalamic self-stimulation.
AB  - Experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that the involvement of
      neostriatal dopaminergic transmission in lateral hypothalamic self-stimulation
      might be specific to a striatal subregion. Crystalline application of dopamine or
      D-amphetamine increased self-stimulation rate only when made to ventral anterior
      striatum (VAS); more dorsal or posterior applications were ineffective. A
      comparison of dose-response functions for dopamine using solution injections in
      VAS and posterior striatum (PS) confirmed that only VAS was responsive.
      Injections or applications of 6-hydroxydopamine suppressed responding only when
      made into VAS. Haloperidol injections decreased responding only for VAS and not
      PS injection sites. Applications or injections of scopolamine often increased
      responding when made into VAS, but this effect was unreliable. Applications or
      injections of scopolamine to more posterior sites consistently suppressed
      responding. It was concluded that dopaminergic transmission in VAS, alone among
      the striatal sites tested, is facilitatory on hypothalamic self-stimulation. The
      effects of drug applications to nucleus accumbens were generally similar to VAS,
      and it was suggested that these areas may be functionally similar. An examination
      of the known afferents to VAS indicated that this area of neostriatum, like n.
      accumbens, may be influenced by activity in limbic structures. This anatomy may
      help provide an understanding of how neostriatum, traditionally considered to
      have a motor function, might be involved in central reward processes.

PMID- 698792
TI  - Anatomical specificity within rat striatum for the dopaminergic modulation of DRL
      responding and activity.
AB  - The direct application of microgram quantities of crystalline dopamine, D
      amphetamine, or scopolamine to the ventral anterior region of the neostriatum of
      rats decreased response efficiency on a 'differential reinforcement of low rate'
      10 sec schedule of reinforcement. Similar applications to the dorsal globus
      pallidus or posterior striatum either did not alter or increased response
      efficiency. A comparison of dose-response functions for injections of dopamine in
      solution into ventral anterior, central and posterior striatum confirmed that
      only injections into ventral anterior striatum (VAS) decreased response
      efficiency on the DRL schedule. The same striatal map was found for the dopamine
      induced increase in spontaneous locomotor activity in tilt boxes. It was
      concluded that dopaminergic transmission in ventral anterior striatum, in
      contrast to the other striatal and pallidal sites tested, is involved in the
      modulation of behavioral arousal.

PMID- 698793
TI  - On the appearance of acetylcholine receptors in denervated rat diaphragm, and its
      dependence on nerve stump length.
AB  - Acetylcholine (ACh) sensitivity and extrajunctional receptor distribution of the
      rat diaphragm were closely monitored during the early period following
      denervation. Both contracture in response to 10 microgram/ml of ACh and
      extrajunctional binding of [125I]alpha-bungarotoxin ([125I]alpha-BTX)) were first
      detectable 30 h after cutting the phrenic nerve in the thorax. If the nerve were
      cut more proximally, leaving a 3.5 cm distal nerve stump, the same level of ACh
      contracture and [125I]alpha-BTX binding did not appear until 40 h after
      operation. This 10-h delay was far longer than the 3-h delay in transmission
      failure reportedly dependent on stump length. The earliest detectable
      extrajunctional [125I]alpha-BTX binding appeared throughout the entire muscle
      fiber, and was not localized to the endplate region as would be expected if
      degeneration in the nerve terminal induced new receptors. However, later
      significant increases in [125I]alpha-BTX binding at the endplate region could
      have resulted from such degeneration. All these results are consistent with
      neurotrophic regulation of muscle ACh receptors, working via a mechanism
      involving axonal transport.

PMID- 698794
TI  - Social grouping cannot account for cerebral effects of enriched environments.
AB  - Several experiments were conducted to test whether, as suggested by Welch et al.
      in this journal, mere group living (social stimulation) can account for the
      significant differences in measures of brain anatomy and brain chemistry that
      develop between rodents housed in groups in enriched environments and rodents
      housed singly in restricted environments; the alternative hypothesis was that
      features of the inanimate environment can significantly affect brain measures of
      animals living in a social group. Groups of 12 male rats were assigned for 30
      days to several types of environment: (a) large cage without stimulus objects,
      (b) large cage containing varied stimulus objects, (c) large cage containing a
      maze whose pattern of barriers was changed daily, and (d) a seminatural outdoor
      environment; in each experiment, littermates of rats in the social conditions
      were housed in isolation in small colony cages. At the end of the 30-day period,
      measures were taken of weights of brain regions, RNA and DNA contents of regions
      of cerebral cortex, and acetylcholinesterase activities of brain regions.
      Although the number of rats housed together was constant for conditions a--d and
      cage size was constant for conditions a--c, the magnitudes of the cerebral
      measures varied significantly as a function of the inanimate stimulus conditions.
      The differences from isola;ion-housed littermates was greatest in condition d and
      smallest in condition a. Thus, social grouping alone is inadequate to explain the
      cerebral effects of enriched environments and the inanimate stimulus conditions
      must be taken into account.

PMID- 698795
TI  - The organization of the catecholamine innervation of somatosensory cortex: the
      barrel field of the mouse.

PMID- 698796
TI  - Recovery from adapting light in Limulus ventral photoreceptors.

PMID- 698797
TI  - A comparison of the visual and electrical response properties of cells in the
      dorsal and ventral lateral geniculate nuclei.

PMID- 698798
TI  - Neurophysiological evidence for spatial summation in the CNS from unmyelinated
      afferent fibers.

PMID- 698799
TI  - A spinal action of the dentate nucleus mediated by descending systems originating
      in the brain stem.

PMID- 698801
TI  - Glutamate and GABA uptake by cerebellar granule and glial cell enriched
      populations.

PMID- 698800
TI  - Epinephrine in rat hypothalamus: antagonism by desipramine of 6-hydroxydopamine
      induced depletion.

PMID- 698802
TI  - Inhibition of the high-affinity, net uptake of GABA into cultured astrocytes by
      beta-proline, nipecotic acid and other compounds.

PMID- 698803
TI  - Extensive granule cell deterioration following anodal electrolytic lesions of
      dentate gyrus reflects lamellar organization of rat hippocampal formation.

PMID- 698804
TI  - Presence of a pineal nerve (nervus pinealis) in the human fetus: a light and
      electron microscopical study of the innervation of the pineal gland.
AB  - The presence of a hitherto undiscovered nerve located in the subarachnoidal space
      just caudal to the pineal organ, connecting this organ and the posterior
      commissure, was demonstrated by light and electron microscopy in a series of 18
      human fetuses. This nerve is believed to be ontogenetically equivalent to the
      pineal nerve observed in the anuran amphibians. The nerve was present in fetuses
      with a CRL of 56 mm and had not disappeared in fetuses with a CRL of 169 mm. The
      gestational age at which this human fetal nerve degenerates could not be
      determined in this study. In addition to the bilateral conarian nerve a
      habenulopineal tract and an intrapineal ganglion were observed. The presence of
      the classical Pastori and Marburg ganglia was confirmed, and a new ganglion lying
      rostral to the pineal organ was seen too.

PMID- 698805
TI  - Electrical activation of visual pathways substitutes for tonic light input in
      triggering EEG correlates of food reward during conditioned behavior in cats.
AB  - Cats trained to press a lever for 1 cc of milk reward normally show during the
      consummatory response high voltage 6--8 c/sec EEG synchronization associated with
      epicortical positive steady potential shift over the primary and secondary visual
      projections. The emergence of this postreinforcement synchronization (PRS) and
      Reward Contingent Positive Variation (RCPV) is known to depend upon appropriate
      gustatory input and presence of ambient light, although visual perception of
      reward and/or environment is not essential as shown in cats wearing translucent
      "milky" contact lenses. Training the animals in a paradigm in which a "light-off"
      cue signaled the availability of reward, and thus assigned positively reinforcing
      quality to the dark condition, also failed to restore the PRS-RCPV phenomenon in
      the absence of light. However, brief electrical stimuli applied to either the
      optic tract or the lateral geniculate nucleus substituted for unpatterned light
      input and fully restored the PRS-RCPV in the dark. The suprathreshold stimuli
      were effective only during the consummatory response. Maximum effect could be
      produced during a brief time period between 0.8 and 1.5 sec after the onset of
      consummatory response as judged by lapping activity, thus showing the specificity
      of the effect of visual input. Even during a relaxed wakefulness after satiation
      or during slow wave sleep or REM sleep the same electric stimuli were ineffective
      although they produced well-developed evoked potentials with all characteristic
      wave components. The results indicate that brain pathways utilize unpatterned
      i.e. noisy visual input in complex integrative processes involving gustatory
      input.

PMID- 698806
TI  - Time of neuron origin in the anterior hypothalamus of the rat.

PMID- 698808
TI  - Separation of nuclei with different DNA content from the suboesophageal lobe of
      octopus brain.

PMID- 698807
TI  - Regional distribution of muscarinic cholinergic receptors in rat brain.
AB  - Using the tritiated ligand [3H]quinuclidinyl benzilate ([3H]QNB), a specific
      muscarinic cholinergic antagonist, the distribution of muscarinic receptors was
      determined in 75 specific brain regions and nuclei removed by microdissection as
      well as in large brain areas. [3H]QNB binding was highest in the caudate-putamen;
      other regions with high binding included the nucleus accumbens, cerebral cortex
      and hippocampus, certain limbic and thalamic nuclei, superior colliculus, pontine
      nuclei and the hypoglossal nucleus. Muscarinic cholinergic receptors may be
      concentrated in these regions. [3H]QNB binding generally correlated well with
      acetylcholinesterase staining in terminals and is consistent with certain sites
      as particularly enriched in cholinergic synapses.

PMID- 698809
TI  - Differential synaptic modulation of polysensory neurons of the intralaminar
      thalamus by medial and lateral caudate nucleus and substantia nigra.

PMID- 698810
TI  - Neuronal cell death in the brachial spinal cord of the chick is unrelated to the
      loss of polyneuronal innervation in wing muscle.

PMID- 698811
TI  - Multiple membrane actions of enkephalin revealed using cultured spinal neurons.

PMID- 698812
TI  - Effects of acetylcholine, sodium glutamate and GABA on the discharge of
      supraoptic neurons in the rat.

PMID- 698813
TI  - [3H]GABA release in synaptosomal fractions after intracranial administration of
      ruthenium red.

PMID- 698814
TI  - alpha-Bungarotoxin binding sites in rat hippocampus: localization in postynaptic
      cells.

PMID- 698815
TI  - Effects of angiotensin II and acetylcholine on neurons in the preoptic area.

PMID- 698816
TI  - GABA-mediated inhibition in the epileptogenic focus, a process which may be
      involved in the mechanism of the cobalt-induced epilepsy.

PMID- 698817
TI  - Effects of inhibitors and adenosine on (HCO3-/CO2)-stimulated swelling and Cl-
      uptake in brain slices and cultured astrocytes.

PMID- 698818
TI  - Subordination of intolerance to threshold in thermal pain.

PMID- 698819
TI  - Specific glycine uptake by identified neurons of Aplysia californica. I.
      Autoradiography.
AB  - The identified giant neurons R3-R14 in the Aplysia parietovisceral ganglion (PVG)
      have a rapid, Na+-dependent and Hg2+-sensitive uptake system for glycine not
      found in neighboring neurons. In autoradiographs of PVG incubated in [3H]glycine
      (glutaraldehyde fix), the cytoplasms of R3-R14 have 3--4 times more silver grains
      (No./100 sq.micrometer) than other neurons. The glycine uptake system in R3-R14
      is selective (alanine, serine, leucine, and proline are taken up equally by all
      neurons) and is unaffected by reserpine and anisomycin. Neurons R3-R14 contain 2
      times less label when ganglia are fixed in formaldehyde than when glutaraldehyde
      is used as a fixative. Because formaldehyde fixes free amino acids poorly, much
      of the glycine taken up by R3-R14 is, therefore, not incorporated into protein.
      In autoradiographs of PVG incubated in [3H]glycine, silver grains are distributed
      randomly throughout the cytoplasm and nucleus of R3-R14; no association of the
      grains with the dense core granules characteristic of these neurons7 or other
      cellular components was found. In contrast, grains in the neurosecretory "bag
      cells" of the PVG were clustered in numerous discrete areas of the cytoplasm
      (Golgi complex areas) and the nucleus was only sparsely labeled. The existence of
      a rapid and selective glycine uptake system in R3-R14, together with their high
      endogenous glycine concentrations17, suggests that glycine may be a
      neurotransmitter in these neurons.

PMID- 698820
TI  - Specific glycine uptake by identified neurons of Aplysia californica. II.
      Biochemistry.
AB  - Glycine is taken up twice as rapidly by neurons R3-R14 as by other identified
      neurons in the Aplysia parietovisceral ganglion. Earlier studies had shown that
      R3-R14 have much higher glycine concentrations than other Aplysia neurons. Most
      of the glycine taken up by R3-R14 was biochemically untransformed for at least 1
      h following its uptake. Glycine is actively transported into into R3-R14 and
      other Aplysia neurons by carrier-mediated processes. Glycine uptake by R3-R14 was
      markedly reduced in the absence of Na+ and in the presence of Hg2+, while these
      treatments had little effect on glycine uptake by other Aplysia neurons. There
      appears to be a special glycine uptake system present in R3-R14 and a general
      glycine uptake system common to all Aplysia neurons. The elevated glycine
      concentrations and special glycine uptake associated with R3-R14 may indicate
      that glycine is utilized as a neurotransmitter by those neurons.

PMID- 698821
TI  - Effects of ovariectomy and differential experience on rat cerebral cortical
      morphology.

PMID- 698822
TI  - Activation of an inhibitory noradrenergic pathway projecting from the locus
      coeruleus to the cingulate cortex of the rat.
AB  - Repetitive stimulation of the locus coeruleus evoked strong inhibition of the
      firing rate of about 50% of cells of the cingulate rat cortex. Forty per cent of
      the cells were not affected and 9% were excited by stimulation of the locus
      coeruleus. Pretreatment of the rats with reserpine and alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine
      drastically reduced the percentage of cells inhibited by locus coeruleus
      stimulation. The cells inhibited in response to stimulation of the locus
      coeruleus as well as those not inhibited were depressed by microiontophoretically
      applied norepinephrine. This inhibitory action of NE was observed in rats
      anesthetized either with urethane, chloral hydrate or with Nembutal. The
      transsynaptically elicited, as well as the norepinephrine elicited, depression of
      the cells' discharge rate was antagonized by the microiontophoretically applied
      beta-receptor blocking drug MJ 1999. These data suggest that the inhibitory
      action on cingulate cortical cells of locus coeruleus stimulation is mediated by
      the dorsal ascending noradrenergic pathway.

PMID- 698823
TI  - Tetrodotoxin sensitivity and Ca component of action potentials of mouse dorsal
      root ganglion cells cultured in vitro.
AB  - In the mouse dorsal root ganglia cultured in vitro, neurons were classified into
      3 groups according to the responses of their action potentials to tetrodotoxin
      (TTX) and removal of Na ions from bathing medium: (1) the neurons whose action
      potentials were not affected by TTX by TTX (10(-6) - 10 (-5)g/ml) and which
      generated Ca-dependent regenerative responses under Na-free condition, (2) the
      neurons whose spike potentials were resistant to TTX but failed to survive in Na
      free saline and (3) the neurons whose action potentials were suppressed by
      TTX(10(-8)g/ml) as well as Na removal. The mean duration of spike and after
      hyperpolarization was longest in the first group of the neurons and shortest in
      the third, probably reflecting the difference in the contribution of Ca currents
      to action potentials. The unresponsiveness of the neurons to TTX was shown to be
      due to the insensitivity of Na as well as Ca components of action potentials to
      the toxin. It was discussed that the occurrence of TTX-resistant action
      potentials to the toxin. It was discussed that the occurrence of TTX-resistant
      action might be related to the neuronal development.

PMID- 698824
TI  - Chick sympathetic neurons develop receptors for alpha-bungarotoxin in vitro, but
      the toxin does not block nicotinic receptors.
AB  - Studies were carried out on the development and physiological role of receptors
      for alpha-bungarotoxin (alphaBT) on chick embryo sympathetic neurons maintained
      in dissociated cell culture. Neurons from embryos of 13 days incubation (E13)
      developed alphaBT receptors in vitro with a time course and to a maximum level
      per cell similar to that previously observed for such neurons in vivo. In vitro
      receptor development by E11 and E8 neurons was also present, but (in comparison
      with E13 neurons) reached somewhat lower maximal levels. Receptor development in
      vitro was not affected by exclusion of non-neuronal cells from the cultures. In
      the present and in previous studies, binding of alphaBT to chick sympathetic
      neurons was blocked by a variety of ligands of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.
      However, saturating concentrations of toxin were found here to be ineffective in
      blocking either (a) release of [3H]norepinephrine from the cultured neurons
      elicited via nicotinic stimulation of acetylcholine receptors or (b) depolarizing
      responses of the cultured neurons elicited by iontophoretically applied
      acetylcholine and nicotine. Kinetic studies further revealed that, while the
      idssociation of alphaBT from the cultured neurons is considerably enhanced in the
      presence of a cholinergic ligand (100 micrometer nicotine), the rate of this
      dissociation (t1/2 congruent to 30 min) appears to be too slow to account for the
      inability of the toxin to block nicotinic responses. Such findings show that
      chick embryo sympathetic neurons can develop receptors for alphaBT both in vivo
      and in vitro, but that the toxin does not block activation of their nicotinic
      acetylcholine receptors. The physiologic nature of specific binding sites for
      alphaBT on such neurons is thus presently unclear.

PMID- 698825
TI  - Developmental changes of protein-bound radioactivity distribution in rat brain
      slices incubated with labelled leucine.
AB  - The distribution of protein-bound labelled leucine in cortical slices prepared
      from young rats was investigated by autoradiography and complemented with
      measurements of the rate of protein synthesis in slices. During the second and
      third postnatal weeks the rate of protein synthesis in cortical slices from rat
      brain declined rapidly. The distribution of protein-bound radioactivity was
      fairly homogenous within the neuronal cell population of cortical slices from 7
      day-old rats and was not influenced by the level of labelled leucine in the
      incubation medium (0.01 and 1 mM). On the contrary, the gradient-like
      distribution of incorporated radioactivity appeared in slices from 14-day-old
      rats, at both trace and 1 mM levels of the precursor. The laminar analysis of
      neuronal cell labelling confirmed the preponderance of incorporation into the
      neurones localized near the slice surface and the considerable inhibition of
      neuronal protein synthesis in the slice centre. Therefore, these limitations on
      the use of cortical slices for the study of brain protein synthesis in the rat
      should be respected from the beginning of the second postnatal week.

PMID- 698826
TI  - Subcortical axon collaterals of principal cells in the lateral geniculate body of
      the cat.

PMID- 698827
TI  - Trigeminal ascending projections in the rabbit, studied with horseradish
      peroxidase.

PMID- 698828
TI  - The effect of neonatal castration on the developmental changes of the nuclear
      sizes of the neurons in the hypothalamic nuclei of female rats.

PMID- 698829
TI  - Light-induced increase in discrete waves in the dark in Limulus ventral
      photoreceptors.

PMID- 698830
TI  - Changes in cortical neuronal excitability after presentations of a compound
      auditory stimulus.

PMID- 698831
TI  - A quantitative analysis of the excitatory and depressant effects of dopamine on
      the firing of caudatal neurons: electrophysiological support for the existence of
      two distinct dopamine-sensitive receptors.

PMID- 698832
TI  - Decreased sensitivity of caudatal neurons to microiontophoretic dopamine in
      dopamine-depleted caudate nucleus.

PMID- 698833
TI  - Effects of acute administration of monosodium-L-glutamate (MSG), atropine or
      haloperidol on anterior pituitary hormone secretion in the rat.

PMID- 698834
TI  - The effect of 3-acetylpyridine on the levels of taurine in different regions of
      the cerebellum of the rat.

PMID- 698835
TI  - Principal component analysis of neural population response of knee joint
      proprioceptors in cat.
AB  - (1) A means of describing the response of neural populations based on principal
      component analysis is presented. The analysis produces response descriptions that
      indicate whether two states are distinguishable and suggest how to best
      distinguish between states. (2) Analysis of slowly adapting joint receptor data
      from the cat knee joint indicates that the joint receptors are capable of
      signalling limb position in the range from 150 degrees to 180 degrees of
      extension during an extension movement. They also provide information which
      indicates whether the tibia is twisted inward or outward in this range of angles.
      (3) The first principal component in the response to a constant velocity
      extension of 8 simultaneously active units described 86% of the total mean square
      discharge displayed by all 8 units. The first principal component is
      qualitatively similar to the responses observed in slowly adapting thalamic joint
      units.

PMID- 698836
TI  - Electrical activity of hypothalamus during activation of pituitary-adrenocortical
      system.
AB  - Multiunit activity in anterior (AHA), medial (MHA) and lateral (LHA) areas of
      hypothalamus during activation of the pituitary-adrenocortical system was
      measured in chronic experiments on rabbits. Immobilization causing blood
      corticosteroid levels to rise was followed by the excitation of most pools of
      neurons in MHA, and by inhibition in AHA and LHA. When immobilization failed to
      induce stimulation of MHA (as a result of pretreatment with large doses of
      cortisol), it did not cause blood-corticosteroid levels to rise, either. The
      switching off activity in AHA and MHA is considered to be a manifestation of
      functional changes which are responsible for stress-induced activation of the
      adrenocortical system.

PMID- 698837
TI  - The genetic organization of neuron number in the granule cell layer of the area
      dentata in house mice.
AB  - This report concerns variations in neuron number within the granule cell layer of
      the area dentata that occur among inbred strains of house mice. There is
      genetically associated variability in the total number of neurons present, with a
      very substantial range of estimated values. Systematic strain variations in the
      orientation of the granule cell layer are also present. When statistical
      corrections for variations in orientation are made, associations between the
      neuron numbers of subdivisions of the granule cell layer are consistent with the
      presence of common genetic determination of neuron number throughout the entire
      lamina.

PMID- 698838
TI  - Cupular movement and nerve impulse response in the isolated semicircular canal.
AB  - The aim of the study was to record nerve impulse responses to controlled
      displacements of the cupula and relate these to observations of cupular motion.
      The preparation was the skate semicircular canal, isolated and maintained in a
      chamber. The canal was cut and tied tightly to an oil-filled tube driven by a 1
      microliter syringe. In some experiments dye was used to make the face of the
      cupula visible. Small volume displacements (0.02 microliter) caused a billowing
      of the central portion of the cupula, whereas for repeated large displacements
      (0.1 microliter) the top of the cupula moved along the roof of the ampulla.
      Displacements of the latter amount were close to saturation in the characteristic
      functions (spike rate versus volume displacement) of nerve firing. It seems that
      the discharge rate of tonically responding units in the skate crista ampullaris
      rather faithfully record the force acting on the cupula. The motion of the base
      of the cupula rather than its tip appears to be the relevant parameter in setting
      the level of excitation in the sensory cells within the physiological range of
      stimulation. Such a mode of operation would ensure the highest sensitivity of the
      sense organ.

PMID- 698839
TI  - Multiple tactile areas in cerebellar cortex: another patchy cutaneous projection
      to granule cell columns in rats.

PMID- 698840
TI  - Brightness preference in hemidecorticate rats.

PMID- 698841
TI  - Bilateral and unilateral antinociceptive effects of rostral trigeminal nuclear
      complex lesions in rats.

PMID- 698842
TI  - Ventral part of spinal cord contains the neurotrophic factor for the action
      potential of cultured muscle.

PMID- 698843
TI  - Attenuated pressor responses to intracranially injected stimuli and altered
      antidiuretic activity following preoptic-hypothalamic periventricular ablation.

PMID- 698844
TI  - Histamine and histidine decarboxylase in brain stem nuclei: distribution and
      decrease after lesions.

PMID- 698845
TI  - Acetylcholinesterase concentration in the optic tectum and in the two main
      cerebellar subdivisions of three freshwater and three marine teleosts.

PMID- 698846
TI  - Regional brain metabolism changes induced by acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.

PMID- 698847
TI  - Elevated adrenaline content in nuclei of the medulla oblongata and the
      hypothalamus during the development of spontaneous hypertension.

PMID- 698848
TI  - Effects of early undernutrition on individual cerebellar lobes in male and female
      rats.

PMID- 698849
TI  - Tissue culture analysis of neurogenesis. II. Lipid-free medium retards
      myelination in mouse spinal cord cultures.

PMID- 698850
TI  - Output organization of the feline entopeduncular and subthalamic nuclei.
AB  - Entopeduncular nucleus (EPN) cells which project to thalamic and non-thalamic
      sites were identified by antidromic discharge. Each population of cells,
      projecting to the ventral anterior nucleus of the thalamus (VA), centrum medianum
      (CM), the lateral habenula (LHB), and the pedunculopontine nucleus (PP), was
      distributed throughout the nucleus. While some cells projected to more than one
      region, particularly VA and CM, collaterals were not found in most cells. STN
      stimulation suppressed firing of some EPN cells for 80-120 msec in both
      barbiturate anesthetized and cerveau isole cats. Suppression of activity was
      detected in most EPN cells projecting to LHB (73%); of all cells in which
      suppression of activity was detected, 84% projected to LHB and 15% to VA.

PMID- 698851
TI  - Mechanism of the dipsogenic action of tetradecapeptide renin substrate.
AB  - The mechanism of the dipsogenic action of synthetic tetradecapeptide renin
      substrate (TDP) was studied in rats with chronically implanted lateral
      ventricular cannulae. All hormones and drugs were injected via the ventricular
      cannulae. The dipsogenic action of TDP was unaffected by the renin inhibitor
      pepstatin but was markedly reduced by the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor
      SQ 20881. Homogenates of rat brain readily formed angiotensin II from TDP in
      vitro and this was likewise unaffected by pepstatin but was reduced or abolished
      by SQ 20881 or by chelating agents. Natural renin substrate did not cause
      drinking and did not generate angiotensin II when incubated with brain
      homogenates. These results demonstrate that rat brain converting enzyme can
      generate angiotensin II from TDP and that this effect is responsible for the
      dipsogenic action of TDP.

PMID- 698852
TI  - Changes in the distribution of non-neuronal elements in rat median eminence and
      in anterior pituitary hormone secretion after activation of tuberoinfundibular
      dopamine neurones by brain stimulation or nicotine.
AB  - In order to investigate the posssibility of acute functional changes in non
      neuronal elements (mainly tanycytes) of the median eminence, the proportion of
      portal capillary surface covered by such elements was measured by quantitative
      electron microscopy in ovariectomized, oestrogen-progesterone-pretreated rats. In
      some of these animals, the functional state of the tuberoinfundibular dopamine
      (DA) neurones was assessed by histochemical microfluorimetry. Serum
      concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH), growth hormone (GH) and prolactin
      were determined by radioimmunoassay. Two different types of treatment, i.e.
      systemic administration of nicotine (1 mg/kg, s.c.) or electrical stimulation in
      the medial amygdaloid nucleus, markedly reduced the percentage of capillary
      surface covered by non-neuronal profiles within 20 and 15 min, respectively. At
      the same time, the tuberoinfundibular DA system responded by an increase in
      cellular fluorescence intensity, reflecting neuronal activation. Medial preoptic
      stimulation had basically the same effect but with more variability in the change
      in capillary coverage by tanycytes. The action of nicotine was prevented by
      pretreatment with the DA receptor blocking agent, pimozide (5 mg/kg), which
      indicates (1) that a dopaminergic mechanism was involved in the nicotine effect
      and (2) that the tanycyte response was elicited by DA released from nerve
      terminals acting at some receptor site. Nicotine also lowered serum levels of GH
      and prolactin. Pimozide antagonized only the effect on prolactin. While the
      reaction of DA neurones and capillary coverage by tanycytes were correlated with
      each other in individual rats, no statistically significant correlation was
      observed between tanycyte response and hormone levels, so that no conclusions can
      as yet be drawn as to the neuroendocrine significance of the tanycyte reaction.
      These results indicate that rapid changes in the proportion or portal capillary
      surface covered by non-neuronal profiles can be elicited by stimulation of
      extrahypothalamic brain areas or by activation of cholinergic mechanisms. The
      tanycyte response appears to be mediated at least in part by the
      tuberoinfundibular DA neurones.

PMID- 698853
TI  - [Excitation-contraction coupling in muscle fibres of the calcium type (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 698855
TI  - [Lateral oscillations of the body (author's transl)].

PMID- 698854
TI  - [The mechanism of the calcium action potential (author's transl)].

PMID- 698856
TI  - [Movement programming, cooperation of the hemispheres and neostriatum (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 698857
TI  - [Central effects of o-isopropylaminocyclohexylphenoxypropanol (VUL 111) (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 698858
TI  - [The action of VUL 111 on the sleep cycles of the rat (author's transl)].

PMID- 698859
TI  - [Working ability of patients after open-heart commissurotomy (author's transl)].

PMID- 698860
TI  - [Effect of adrenaline and noradrenaline on myocardial and hind-leg blood flow
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 698861
TI  - [The vascular neuroeffector system (author's transl)].

PMID- 698862
TI  - [Changes in carbohydrate and energy metabolisms of the myocardium during
      circulatory assistance by the method of left-heart bypass (author's transl)].

PMID- 698863
TI  - Effect of intestinal flora on the immunogical response of germfree and
      conventional mice exposed to Trichinella pseudospiralis (Garkavi, 1972).

PMID- 698864
TI  - Effect of intestinal flora on the course of infection and haematological changes
      in germfree and conventional mice exposed to Trichinella pseudospiralis (Garkavi,
      1972).

PMID- 698865
TI  - Serum proteins of Apodemus agrarius (Pall. 1785) from different urban
      environments.

PMID- 698866
TI  - The influence of pesticides on the invasive activity of miracidia and the asexual
      reproduction of Fasciola hepatica (Trematoda) larvae in the host snails.

PMID- 698867
TI  - Effect of ovine and bovine NPS-prolactins on mouse mammary gland RNA synthesis.

PMID- 698868
TI  - Chronic pain.

PMID- 698869
TI  - Hypoxic ventilatory responses during thiopentone sedation and anaesthesia in man.
AB  - We have assessed the impact of thiopentone on the hypoxic ventilatory reflex, and
      on the responses to carbon dioxide and doxapram. Thiopentone sedation did not
      detectably alter any of these aspects of ventilatory control. Thiopentone
      anaesthesia reduced ventilation and the ventilatory responses to hypoxia, carbon
      dioxide and doxapram, all approximately in paralle. We conclude that, in contrast
      to halothane, thiopentone does not selectively reduce the ventilatory response to
      hypoxia. During light thiopentone anaesthesia, a reasonably brisk hypoxic
      response is present.

PMID- 698870
TI  - Perfusion of malignant hyperthermia susceptible and normal isolated pig livers
      with halothane.
AB  - We have perfused malignant hyperthermia susceptible and normal isolated pig
      livers with halothane for one hour. The liver temperatures, oxygen and carbon
      dioxide tensions, the base deficits and lactate concentrations in blood entering
      and leaving the liver have been measured at the beginning and at the end of the
      perfusion. Statistical analysis has shown that there are no significant
      differences in these parameters between the beginning and the end of the
      perfusion period or between the normal and the malignant hyperthermia susceptible
      livers. We conclude, therefore, that the livers of malignant hyperthermia
      susceptible pigs are either normal or else, if abnormal, the abnormalities are
      sufficiently benign as to be not measurably expressed.

PMID- 698871
TI  - Blood pressure and pulse rate responses to extubation with and without prior
      topical tracheal anaesthesia.
AB  - The results of this study demonstrate that 60 mg of lidocaine sprayed down the
      tracheal tube before extubation and 40 mg sprayed down the tracheal tube before
      extubation and 40 mg sprayed down during tracheal tube removal prevents increases
      in blood pressure and pulse rate during and after extubation. The data suggest
      that this manoeuvre should be of advantage to patients with coronary artery
      disease who may not be able to tolerate the increased cardiac dynamics which
      usually accompany extubation.

PMID- 698872
TI  - Monitoring of occupational exposure to nitrous oxide.
AB  - The occupational exposure of operating room personnel to nitrous oxide was
      investigated by using multiple spot sampling, integrated personal sampling and
      end-tidal sampling in an operating room which had no ventilation system. The
      effect of passive scavenging on occupational exposure was determined. The study
      showed that all three methods to determine occupational exposure can yield
      representative time-weighted exposure patterns. However, the integrated personal
      sampling was considered the preferable method as it involved considerable saving
      of time and labour compared with taking and analyzing multiple end-tidal and spot
      samples. Passive scavenging of waste anaesthetic gases led to a three-fold to six
      fold reduction of exposure of operating room personnel to nitrous oxide.

PMID- 698873
TI  - Peripheral nerve stimulator performance: the influence of output polarity and
      electrode placement.
AB  - The median as well as the ulnar nerve may be used effectively in the evaluation
      of neuromuscular blockade with the peripheral nerve stimulator. Both ulnar and
      median nerve stimulation produce flexion of the fingers. For maximum neural
      stimulation either during the routine use of the peripheral nerve stimulator or
      when it is used as an aid to peripheral nerve block, the negative pole should be
      attached to the exploring needle or over the nerve to be stimulated.

PMID- 698874
TI  - A brain function monitor for use during anaesthesia. Preliminary report.
AB  - This simple on-line monitor provides simultaneous noninvasive quantification of
      continuous processes within the brain, by measuring the augmented delta quotient
      (ADQ; the proportion of low frequency components in the electroencephalogram).
      The response of the ADQ, both during experiments in animals and in children
      undergoing surgery, during cardiopulmonary bypass with and without hypothermia,
      demonstrates that this concept may prove valuable both to monitor anaesthetic
      depth and to warn of impending cerebral impairment.

PMID- 698875
TI  - Hiccup and ephedrine.
AB  - Twelve patients who developed hiccup during anaesthesia and surgery were treated
      successfully with an intravenous injection of ephedrine 5 mg (eleven cases) or 10
      mg (one case). In nine patients ephedrine was successful after traditional
      methods had been tried and failed, and in three patients ephedrine was the only
      agent given. We conclude that ephedrine is a safe and easy mode of treatment for
      intractable hiccup during anaesthesia and surgery.

PMID- 698876
TI  - Transient unilateral blindness following general anaesthesia: case report.
AB  - A case is reported of transient unilateral blindness following general
      anaesthesia with a face mask. The most likely explanation for this is central
      retinal artery occlusion, either partial or complete, due to excessive pressure
      from the mask exerted on the globe. This pressure may be increased with the use
      of neoprene head straps as opposed to the more flexible and elastic rubber
      straps. Pressure from the strap over the carotid artery may be a factor in
      reducing the central retinal arterial pressure, thus making it more susceptible
      to occlusion by mask pressure.

PMID- 698877
TI  - Cyanide toxicity following nitroprusside.

PMID- 698878
TI  - Acute epiglottitis and nasotracheal intubation.

PMID- 698879
TI  - Isozymes and allozymes: alternate forms of protein adaptation?
AB  - The hypothesis is put forward that constant or predictable environments will
      select for multiple locus enzymes (isozymic variation) while variable or
      nonpredictable environments will select for multiple alleles at single loci
      (allozymic variation). If this hypothesis is valid, isozymes and allozymes should
      represent alternative forms of enzyme adaptation and the levels of the two types
      of variation should be negatively correlated. This prediction was tested from
      data reported in the literature for five groups of organisms: mammals, other
      vertebrates, insects, other invertebrates and plants. Single substrate enzymes
      showed the predicted negative relationship between allozymic and isozymic
      variation. Multiple substrate enzymes did not show a significant relationship.
      Isozymic variation was greater for insects, other invertebrates and plants, in
      multiple substrate enzymes compared to single substrate enzymes. For mammals and
      vertebrates, allozymic variation for multiple substrate enzymes was approximately
      double that of single substrate enzymes, while isozymic variation remained
      constant.

PMID- 698880
TI  - Effect of fungicide Folpet on growth and chromosomes of human lymphoid cell
      lines.
AB  - One normal human lymphoid cell line was treated continuously with the fungicide
      Folpet (N-trichloromethylthio-phthalimide) at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 microgram/ml of
      media and one Burkitt cell line was pulse-treated with the same compound for 15
      min at 2.5, 5, 10, and 15 microgram/ml. Various times after treatment, cell
      viability counts and chromosomes analyses were made. Severe cell growth
      inhibition and an increase in chromosome aberrations were observed in both cell
      lines. There were two types of induced chromosome aberrations. Aberrations type A
      appeared in cultures treated with lower doses and were characterized by
      chromosome or chromatid gaps and breaks and also infrequently seen exchanges and
      dicentrics. In the later stages of the experiment, the rate of growth and
      aberrations returned to control levels. Chromosome aberrations type B appeared in
      early samples of cultures treated with higher doses. The whole complement of
      chromosomes was affected. The aberrations included chromosome stickiness,
      despiralization and pulverization. The cultures died off within two days.

PMID- 698881
TI  - Cell cycle and DNA synthesis in the mosquito Aedes aegypti.
AB  - Chronology of the cell cycle has been determined for brain cells in Aedes aegypti
      (L.) larvae by autoradiography. The time of the cell cycle is approximately 10 h
      and 30 min. Areas of late DNA synthesis in metaphase chromosomes were localized
      mainly on the female determining (= m) chromosome of the sex pair. Correlations
      between late replication patterns and C-banding are discussed.

PMID- 698882
TI  - Lactate dehydrogenase in rabbit oocytes and eggs.
AB  - It has recently been reported that the rabbit oocyte lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
      isozyme pattern shifts dramatically at ovulation. We have determined that both
      ovarian oocytes and ovulated eggs have predominantly LDH-5 with minor amounts of
      LDH-4. Therefore, no change occurs at ovulation. When oocytes or eggs are not
      treated to remove follicle cells, all five LDH isozymes are observed. Isolated
      follicle cells also have five isozymes. We suggest that failure to remove
      follicle cells can cause altered LDH isozyme patterns and may account for
      conflicting results in the literature.

PMID- 698883
TI  - Genetics in ophthalmology.

PMID- 698884
TI  - Pitfalls in ophthalmic genetic counselling.
AB  - In Canada, half the young blind have inherited eye disease. Ophthalmic genetic
      counselling is a relatively new branch of preventive medicine. By informing
      affected families of the risk of inheriting an eye disease one hopes to reduce
      the frequency of such diseases. Clinical experience in ophthalmic genetics
      discloses many potential pitfalls. Failure to avoid them may have tragic
      consequences for the family advised.

PMID- 698885
TI  - Family studies of ocular manifestations in arthritis.
AB  - To determine the hereditary and clinical patterns, nine patients from three
      families with different systemic and ocular rheumatoid diseases were examined
      ophthalmologically and medically. Three types of HLA-B27 associated anterior
      uveitis were seen. While HLA-B27 linked genes predispose the carrier to acute
      anterior uveitis (AAU) frequently recurring or chronic anterior uveitis may
      develop if an immune-complex disease such as Rheumatoid arthritis coexists.
      Hereditary factors may dispose patients to rheumatoid episcleritis, scleritis and
      keratitis.

PMID- 698886
TI  - Talc retinopathy.
AB  - We observed talc particles in the retinal vessels of nine out of 17 addicts to
      intravenous methadone. The retinopathy was found in patients who had injected
      more than 9,000 tablets. In seven the chest roentgenograms showed a diffuse
      micronodular pattern which progresses to resemble massive pulmonary fibrosis and
      is associated with severe disability. The ophthalmologist must recognize this
      entity since he may be the first to identify drug abusers who inject oral
      medications containing talc. Early detection and counselling may prevent the
      severe pulmonary complications.

PMID- 698887
TI  - Retinal detachment in renal insufficiency a report of 3 cases.
AB  - Three cases of retinal detachment associated with renal insufficiency are
      presented. The authors feel that dilutional hyponatremia and hypervolemia were
      not significant in the genesis of the detachments and that control of the blood
      pressure was the key factor in their cure. The importance of hypertensive
      retinochoroidopathy in the pathogenesis of the detachment is emphasized.

PMID- 698888
TI  - Ocular findings in homozygous sickle cell disease in Nigeria.
AB  - We report the ocular findings in 124 Nigerians with homozygous sickle cell
      disease. None had ocular symptoms. In order of frequency conjunctival vessel
      anomalies, tortuosity of the major retinal vessels and chorioretinal scars were
      found. The resemblance of sickle cell chorioretinal scars to toxoplasmic
      choroiditis is remarkable and should lead to the exclusion of sickle cell disease
      whenever such lesions are encountered. Angioid streaks, retinitis proliferans,
      retinal detachment and arteriovenous fans were not observed.

PMID- 698889
TI  - Globular bodies: a primary cause of the opacity in senile and diabetic posterior
      cortical subcapsular cataracts?
AB  - We examined 9 cataracts from maturity onset diabetics and 4 senile posterior
      subcapsular cataracts by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron
      microscopy, immunofluorescence for crystallin proteins and actin, histochemical
      methods and x-ray diffraction. The cataractous regions contained spherical
      globules up to 20 mu in diameter, often in a fibrous matrix. Some were
      extracellular Morgagnian globules, apparently formed by blebbing from the cell
      surface; others appeared to have been formed intracellularly. The area of
      globular degeneration was usually 300 mu deep, but had deeper fusiform
      extensions. Morphological changes in the cell cytoplasm varied according to their
      depth in the cataract. Electron microscopy showed intracellular and extracellular
      globules, many of them were bounded by lipid bilayer membranes. Immunofluorescent
      staining showed that all the globules contained gamma-crystallin; some contained
      alpha- and beta-crystallins and actin. All the globules contained higher
      concentrations of cysteine or cystine than the surrounding lens tissue but they
      did not react to stains for carbohydrate or calcium. X-ray diffraction studies
      showed that crystalline calcium salts were absent. Globules and cavities averaged
      45% of the total area in cross section. Assuming an area of cataract to be 300
      micron thick and that globules 1 mu in diameter scattered, while 2--20 mu in
      diameter reflected light, we calculated that light passing through such a
      thickness would be reduced by 65%. Thus the globules could account for most of
      the opacity of the cataractous area. Presumably the fibrous degeneration of the
      cells causes enough light scattering to account for the remainder of the
      reduction. Cataract patients complain of decreased visual acuity, a golden halo
      around objects, and difficulties when driving while facing oncoming traffic at
      night. These probably result from light scattering. In our previous experiments,
      globular bodies containing gamma-crystallin were found in cells grown in tissue
      culture, and blebs with increased acitn content similar to Morgagnian globules
      were formed in tissue culture by treating differentiated rat lens cells of stage
      2 by cytochalasin D (which impaired microfilament function). These results
      suggest the possibility of simulating in tissue culture the morphological
      alterations seen in the cataractous cell.

PMID- 698890
TI  - Specificity of tumor-associated antibodies in sera of patients with uveal
      melanoma.
AB  - We have identified antibodies against cytoplasmic components of allogeneic uveal
      melanoma cells in the sera of 16 of 31 patients with proven intraocular melanoma.
      Similar antibodies were found in 27% of controls and in 24% of patients with
      uveal nevi. The antibodies in these 3 groups of subjects were absorbed by
      components of uveal and cutaneous melanoma cells but not by those of normal
      choroidal melanocytes, normal uvea and retinal pigment epithelium, dermal nevus,
      pigmented skin or fetal cells. We found that specificity of the antibodies was
      also demonstrated by absence of reactivity with normal choroidal melanocytes,
      loss of reactivity after immune blocking, and absence of reactivity of melanoma
      antigen with conjugated antihuman immunoglobulin alone. Attempted absorption of
      the conjugated antihuman immunoglobulin by components of uveal melanoma cells did
      not alter the reactivity of the conjugated antihuman immunoglobulin.

PMID- 698891
TI  - Computed axial tomography localization of intra-orbital foreign body.
AB  - Conventional radiographs in a patient with an intra-orbital foreign body showed
      that it was close to the back of the globe. Computed axial tomography showed that
      it lay beside a swollen and probably lacerated optic nerve. The advantages of CT
      scanning in the investigation of intra-orbital foreign bodies are outlined.

PMID- 698892
TI  - Strokes and head injury.
AB  - This is a report of a series of patients who suffered major cerebral hemorrhage
      or infarction complicating industrial head injuries. The variable importance of
      trauma and of pre-existing vascular disease is exemplified. Accuracy of
      assessment of such complex problems is facilitated by modern applied
      neuroscientific techniques.

PMID- 698893
TI  - Muscle changes in lambs with surgically created scoliosis produced in utero.

PMID- 698894
TI  - Regional cerebral blood flow in patients with aneurysms: estimation by Xenon 133
      inhalation.
AB  - Seventy six regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) studies were conducted on 32
      patients who had a total of 39 aneurysms. Twenty three of these patients were
      studied pre- and post-operatively. Normal values were obtained from a control
      group of 33 subjects, each of whom underwent one rCBF study. Flow was reduced
      following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH); it increased significantly post
      operatively. Lower flows were associated with poorer clinical grades. There was a
      greater variation in regional distribution of flow immediately following SAH than
      in normals or in patients who had recovered from the acute phase. rCBF studies
      correlated with CT scans demonstrated that a progressive increase in ventricular
      size was accompanied by a progressive reduction in flow. In addition,
      intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) was associated with a significant reduction in
      cerebral blood flow (CBF). No significant correlation between CBF and spasm was
      demonstrable.

PMID- 698895
TI  - Effects of stimulus shape on visual evoked potentials.

PMID- 698896
TI  - Serial radionuclide scans in multiple sclerosis.
AB  - A 28 year old woman with multiple sclerosis has been followed for 10 months with
      serial brain scans on 5 admissions. The correlation between the clinical picture
      and the brain scans was clearly demonstrated.

PMID- 698897
TI  - Induction of parturition in beef cattle using estrogens in conjunction with
      dexamethasone.

PMID- 698898
TI  - The use of bacitracin in the prevention and treatment of experimentally-induced
      necrotic enteritis in the chicken.

PMID- 698899
TI  - Evaluation of cambendazole paste against nematodes in horses in a field trial.

PMID- 698901
TI  - Hereditary cerebellar neuronal abiotrophy in a Kerry Blue Terrier dog.

PMID- 698900
TI  - Epistaxis of guttural pouch origin in horses: pathology of three cases.

PMID- 698902
TI  - An evaluation of rabies control in skunks in Alberta.

PMID- 698903
TI  - Classic hemophilia (hemophilia A) in a family of collies.

PMID- 698904
TI  - Ulcerative enteritis caused by Clostridium colinum in chickens.

PMID- 698905
TI  - Tibial hypoplasia in a calf.

PMID- 698906
TI  - Mortality in mute swans in Southern Ontario associated with infestation with the
      thorny-headed worm, Polymorphus boschadis.

PMID- 698907
TI  - The significance of mediastinal involvement in early stage Hodgkin's disease.
AB  - Between April 1969, and December 1974, 111 consecutive surgically staged I A and
      II A patients with supradiaphragmatic Hodgkin's disease were treated at the Joint
      Center for Radiation Therapy. Patients received 3600--4400 rad to mantle and para
      aortic--splenic pedicle regions. Median follow-up was 56 months (30--96).
      Fourteen patients developed relapsing Hodgkin's disease and three patients died
      of possible treatment-related causes, two with acute myocardial infarctions and
      one with radiation pneumonitis. Patients with mediastinal enlargement greater
      than one third of the chest diameter have a significantly higher risk (p less
      than 0.01) of developing relapse (9 of 18) than patients with lesser or no
      mediastinal disease (5 of 93). Of the 18 patients with large mediastinal disease,
      six relapsed in the mediastinum and two in the lung. There continue to be no
      pelvic extensions in the entire group. There is a 92% relapse-free and 97%
      overall survival in the 93 patients without extensive mediastinal disease. We
      continue to recommend mantle and para-aortic--splenic pedicle irradiation for
      these patients. In view of the large number of relapses in patients with
      extensive mediastinal disease, we are now treating this subgroup of patients with
      MOPP chemotherapy in addition to mantle and para-aortic irradiation.

PMID- 698908
TI  - Treatment of rectal carcinomas by means of endocavity irradiation.
AB  - Direct contact irradiation may be used in the curative treatment of patients with
      carefully selected early rectal lesions. With earlier diagnosis, a large number
      of patients may present with suitable lesions. The treatments last three minutes
      and are administered every two weeks to a total dose of 9,000 rad to 12,500 rad.
      The patients require no general anesthesia or hospitalization and may continue
      working during this treatment. There appears to be no risk of morbidity or
      mortality. The rectum is preserved. Most beneficial of all to the patient, a
      colostomy is avoided, although later surgery is not precluded for local failures.
      It has been found that recurrence, should it occur, appears within the 18 months
      immediately following treatment. Good palliation can be achieved in some cases
      for patients with metastatic disease, for their local symptoms. We believe that
      the endocavity method of irradiation contributes an important advance in the
      management of patients with cancer of the rectum and feel it should be available
      universally.

PMID- 698909
TI  - Carcinoma of the vocal cord: results of treatment and time-dose relationships.
AB  - A retrospective analysis has been done of 173 patients with epidermoid carcinoma
      of the vocal cord treated with radiation therapy at Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's
      Medical Center between January 1970 and December )974. one hundred fifty-eight
      patients (91.3%) were early (T1, T2) glottic lesion and 10 were advanced (T3, T4)
      lesion. Five (2.9%) were presented with positive cervical lymph nodes initially.
      Of 158 patients who had T1, T2N0M0 glottic tumor, 146 had definitive radiation
      therapy and 12 had preoperative radiation therapy. An analysis of frequency of
      local recurrence versus total dose (NSD) has been done for 146 patients and a
      dose response curve has been generated. Local failure rates were 22.2% for 1,800
      +/- 50 rets, 11.1% for 1,900 +/- 50 rets, and 3.2% for 2,000 +/- 50 rets. For the
      early glottic cancer, local control rates were increased with increasing total
      dose without significant complications. In patients with advanced primary tumors,
      a greater number of the patients were treated with preoperative radiation therapy
      and this group had slightly better results.

PMID- 698910
TI  - Uterine sarcomas: natural history, treatment and prognosis.

PMID- 698911
TI  - Uterine sarcomas: analysis of failures with special emphasis on the use of
      adjuvant radiation therapy.

PMID- 698912
TI  - Cutaneous Hodgkin's disease: indolent course and control with chemotherapy.
AB  - A case of nodulat sclerosing Hodgkin's disease in an elderly woman is presented.
      Following radiotherapy, widespread lymphomatous skin lesions developed
      anatomically unrelated to her nodal disease. These lesions have been controlled,
      but not eliminated by chemotherapy. Cutaneous manifestations of Hodgkin's disease
      are discussed including the possible pathologic mechanism in the present case.
      Skin involvement by Hodgkin's disease may follow a relatively benign course,
      provided disease elsewhere is treated appropriately.

PMID- 698913
TI  - Adriamycin, 1,3-bis (2-chloroethyl) 1 nitrosourea (BCNU, NSC No. 409962),
      cyclophosphamide plus prednisone (ABC-P) in melphalanresistant multiple myeloma.
AB  - Fourteen patients with multiple myeloma resistant to melphalan plus prednisone
      were treated with BCNU 50 mg/m2 plus cyclophosphamide 200 mg/m2 on day 1,
      adriamycin 20 mg/m2 on day 2 and prednisone 60 mg orally, daily for days 1
      through 5. Therapy was repeated every four weeks. Depending upon criteria used,
      objective antitumor responses were achieved in five to nine of the 14 patients.
      Mean survival was 9.5 months and actuarial median survival was 7.0 months. Six
      patients are alive, four to 35 months after initiation of therapy. This
      preliminary report indicates that this combination may be a useful treatment
      program in the management of patients with advanced multiple myeloma. A review of
      studies employing adriamycin plus BCNU suggests that these regimens currently
      offer the most effective treatment of melphalan-resistant patients.

PMID- 698914
TI  - Improved prognosis in children with ovarian cancers following modified VAC
      (vincristine sulfate, dactinomycin, and cyclophosphamide) chemotherapy.

PMID- 698915
TI  - Sequential studies of development of gastric carcinoma in dogs induced by N
      methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine.
AB  - Fifteen male Beagle dogs received N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), 50
      or 83 microgram/ml, in drinking water for 35 to 63 weeks. Broad superficial
      erosion and ulceration were observed in the angulus of the antrum and the
      anterior or posterior wall of the fundus during MNNG administration. After the
      discontinuation of MNNG administration, the erosions and ulcers healed rapidly,
      resulting in mucosal atrophy and scarring of the ulcer. In two dogs new
      depressions with atypical glands were observed by endoscopy and biopsy of the
      ulcer scars of the angulus, which became carcinomatous lesions at about the 100th
      week. Necropsy revealed 5 other carcinomas in the fundus of 5 additional dogs.
      One lesion was located in the ulcer scar and the other 4 in the areas of the
      mucosal atrophy. The possible relationship between carcinoma and the associated
      lesions was discussed.

PMID- 698916
TI  - Ultrastructure of fallopian tube carcinoma.
AB  - Fallopian tube carcinoma is one of the rarest of primary gynecologic
      malignancies. Normal tubal epithelium is composed of secretory, ciliated, and
      intercalary cells. To determine the cellular composition and ultrastructural
      details of this rare neoplasm, a moderately well-differentiated tubal carcinoma
      was studied with the electron microscope. A prominent feature was the formation
      of numerous ultramicro alveolar spaces lined by cell surface microvilli. The
      nuclei of the neoplastic cells demonstrated a variety of fine structural
      abnormalities. Based on cell size and shape criteria, a possible dual tumor cell
      population was suggested. However, no cilia were seen in any of the tumor cells
      and almost all were devoid of secretory granules. These latter observations
      suggest that this tumor was primarily a proliferation of intercalary cells.

PMID- 698917
TI  - Carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with breast cancer: an adjunctive tool to
      monitor response and therapy.
AB  - Plasma carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels were performed by radioimmunoassay
      in 234 patients with histologically proved breast cancer: 181 with advanced
      metastatic disease and 53 without distant metastases but nodal involvement at
      time of mastectomy. Four hundred and thirty-four assays were done and correlated
      with the clinical status of the patients. Values above 2.5 ng/ml were taken as
      abnormal. Active disease was associated with elevated plasma CEA levels. Very
      high values were not recorded in 109 patients when they were considered to be in
      complete remission, while only 22 patients out of 63 patients with progressive
      disease had normal values. In 16 of these values remained normal despite
      progression of disease. In 6 patients clinical relapse preceded CEA elevation by
      2--5 months. Tumor burden and abnormal serial CEA values showed positive
      correlation in 38 patients. In 30 patients, change in clinical status and CEA
      values occurred simultaneously. In only 2 patients an increase in CEA value
      occurred 2--3 months before clinical documentation of relapse.

PMID- 698918
TI  - Benign and low grade variants of mixed mesodermal tumor (adenosarcoma) of the
      ovary and adnexal region.
AB  - Eleven examples of a rare group of neoplasms composed of both epithelial and
      mesenchymal components are reported. Ten arose from the ovary and one arose
      separately in the para-ovarian region. The neoplasms are distinctive in that the
      stoma is more cellular than that of adenofibromas, but epithelial component is
      not malignant, as in carcinosarcoma and mixed mesodermal tumors, and the stoma is
      not sarcomatous in the low grade varieties. The 11 cases were highly variable in
      the cellularity and atypism of the stromal cells. The term, adenosarcoma, for
      these tumors is not acceptable because some were too low a grade to be regarded
      as sarcomas, and reports of the uterine counterpart disclose that some contain
      heterologous elements. For that reason, a term that will embrace the full
      spectrum of changes in the stroma--benign through sarcomatous--is needed. We
      propose that they be regarded as variants of mixed mesodermal tumor so that both
      the benign neoplasms and low grade sarcomas can be accommodated under one
      designation. Of the 11 cases, five lowest grade examples were all confined to the
      ovary and did not recur after surgical excision, but some of these were
      borderline in malignancy and probably would have progressed if untreated. Two of
      the 3 intermediate grade neoplasms extended beyond the ovary but were arrested by
      surgical excision. The 3 highest grade neoplasms were overly sarcomatous. One of
      these extended beyond the ovary but was arrested by combination chemotherapy. The
      para-ovarian adenosarcoma (also high grade) metastasized and proved fatal.

PMID- 698919
TI  - Clinical bladder cancer in sponge matrix tissue culture: procedures for
      collection, cultivation, and assessment of viability.
AB  - We studied the growth of surgically resected human bladder cancer in three
      dimensional tissue culture, Observations were made in the living cultures and
      after the sponge matrix cultures were fixed and prepared as histologic sections.
      We compared the histologic appearance of each tumor immediately after removal and
      after a week in culture. In a few instances the donor tumor was kept in medium at
      room temperature for one day before being inoculated into the matrix. This delay
      had only slight deleterious effect on the growth in culture. Over 85 consecutive
      cases have been placed in culture and the first 47 have been evaluated in
      histologic preparations. Tumors grew into the matrix with distinctly different
      patterns even when the zero time specimens were of similar histopathology. We
      also studied several antibiotics to idenify conditions that would suppress the
      usual urinary bacterial contaminants without producing cytotoxicity to tumor
      cells by microscopic evaluation. A combination of gentamicin and kanamycin, each
      at a concentration of 50 microgram/ml was effective.

PMID- 698920
TI  - Mental disorders in cancer patients: a study of 100 psychiatric referrals.
AB  - Records of 100 consecutive hospitalized cancer patients referred for psychiatric
      consultation were reviewed. These patients constituted only 5% of those seen by
      the Psychiatry Consultation Service during the study period. Fifty-six percent of
      the referred patients were diagnosed as depressed and 40% as having organic brain
      disease. Twenty-six of the 100 patients were misdiagnosed by the referring
      physician as depressed but were classified by the staff psychiatrist as suffering
      from organic brain syndrome. When referral was studied by primary site of cancer,
      only patients with breast cancer were referred at a significantly higher than
      expected rate (p less than .001). The importance of the mental status examination
      as a routine procedure in all cancer patients is stressed so that an organic
      brain syndrome will not be missed. Suggestions for patient management are given.

PMID- 698921
TI  - Dormancy and spontaneous recurrence of human breast cancer in vitro.
AB  - Monolayer cultures of the human breast cancer cell line MDA-361 require insulin
      for growth and for maintenance of viability, as is evidenced by rapid and
      complete degeneration of the cells after the removal of insulin from the medium.
      Detachment from the plastic surface occurs within 24 to 48 hr, and the rare (less
      than 0.1%) cell that remains attached doubles every 3 to 4 weeks. Multicellular
      tumor spheroids, derived from this same tumor cell line, enter a dormant phase
      which lasts approximately 6 weeks, when insulin is removed from the medium.
      During this dormant period the multicellular tumor spheroids appear healthy and
      gradually become less dependent on and more responsive to insulin. This dormant
      period culminates in spontaneous regrowth in the absence of insulin after the
      sixth week, and this growth continues at least through 3 months. In this respect
      these multicellular tumor spheroids parallel the behavior of residual tumors in
      vivo; the residual tumor remains viable but nongrowing for a prolonged period
      only to resume growth following escape from the growth-limiting mechanism.

PMID- 698922
TI  - In vitro analysis of the response of multicellular tumor spheroids exposed to
      chemotherapeutic agents in vitro or in vivo.
AB  - Multicellular tumor spheroids (MTS) have been exposed to chemotherapeutic agents
      in vitro (nitrogen mustard) or in vivo (cyclophosphamide) and analyzed in vitro
      in terms of altered growth patterns. Whether the MTS were exposed in vitro or in
      vivo, the major effect of the drugs was to induce a dose-dependent lag period
      before the normal MTS growth rate resumed. Exposure of MTS in the peritoneal
      cavity to i.v. injection cyclophosphamide results in patterns similar to the in
      vitro exposure system, except that a host anti-MTS reaction was detected. In
      combination, these two methods allow the study of the responses of these complex
      tumor forms to chemotherapy.

PMID- 698923
TI  - Binding characteristics of zearalenone analogs to estrogen receptors.
AB  - The estrogenic effect of zearalenone derivatives was investigated for their
      binding characteristics to cytosol and nuclear receptors in the uterus.
      Competition with 17beta-estradiol at the cytosol receptor sites was observed in
      four of the six derivatives tested, namely trans- and cis-zearalenone,
      zearalenol, and zearalanol. The other two, 8'-hydroxyzearalenone and 6'
      aminozearalene, lacked the binding ability to receptors and were biologically
      inactive. trans-Zearalenone, like 17beta-estradiol, could elicit an immediate
      translocation of cytosol-receptor complexes into the uterine nuclei. However, it
      differs from either 17beta-estradiol or antiestrogens (tamoxifen) in three
      aspects: (a) a second wave of translocation occurred 6 to 12 hr following
      zearalenone injection; (b) there was a much longer nuclear retention (over 24 hr)
      than in the case of 17beta-estradiol; and (c) following a depletion of cytosol
      receptors, trans-zearalenone induced an overreplenishment by 24 hr, whereas
      tamoxifen is reported to suppress the replenishment.

PMID- 698924
TI  - Effects of insulin in vivo and in vitro on amino acid transport into cells from
      the R3230AC mammary adenocarcinoma and their relationship to tumor growth.

PMID- 698925
TI  - Effect of adriamycin and analogs on the nuclear fluorescence of propidium iodide
      stained cells.
AB  - Adriamycin (ADR) and N-trifluoroacetyladriamycin-14-valerate, respectively,
      inhibit and enhance the nuclear fluorescence of cells stained with propidium
      iodide for DNA per cell estimation by flow cytometry. In cells incubated with
      ADR, the reduction in fluorescence is gradually manifested due to the slow
      intracellular drug transport. In contrast the effect of N
      trifluoroacetyladriamycin-14-valerate on propidium iodide nuclear fluorescence is
      seen within 5 min of incubation. The effect of ADR on propidium iodide nuclear
      fluorescence could be detected in vivo even after 24 hr of ADR administration.

PMID- 698926
TI  - Increased tyrosine phenol-lyase activity in mice following pyridoxal phosphate
      administration.
AB  - A limiting factor in the depletion of plasma tyrosine following tyrosine phenol
      lyase injection into normal mice was found to be the availability of an essential
      cofactor, pyridoxal phosphate. Because of the extremely short half-life of this
      cofactor, adequate elevation of circulating cofactor levels for prolonged periods
      by injection of a pyridoxal phosphate solution was not practical. Similarly, long
      term diets enriched with pyridoxine and pyridoxal phosphate did not significantly
      improve the efficiency of the injected holoenzyme. A repository dosage form was
      devised that consisted of an s.c. implant of pyridoxal phosphate suspended in a
      spermaceti and peanut oil mixture. Under these conditions a sustained increase in
      holoenzyme activity levels and a significant resulting decrease in plasma
      tyrosine levels were obtained.

PMID- 698927
TI  - Increased tumor immunity in mice inoculated with muconomycin A-treated B16
      melanoma cells.
AB  - B16 melanoma cells were treated in vitro with muconomycin A, a long-lasting
      inhibitor of protein and glycoprotein synthesis, to reduce cellular sialic acid.
      Two i.p. inoculations of 10(7) muconomycin-treated cells into female C57BL/6
      mice, followed by challenge with homologous live cells, resulted in a significant
      decrease in tumor incidence when compared to the results of inoculation with
      untreated cells (p less than 0.01). Inoculation of mice with cells treated with
      neuraminidase resulted in little or no decrease in tumor incidence. Effective
      immunity was dependent on the number of cells injected and was found only with
      the i.p. route of inoculation into female mice.

PMID- 698928
TI  - Metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene and identification of the major benzo(a)pyrene-DNA
      adducts in cultured human colon.

PMID- 698929
TI  - Effect of estrogen on tumor-associated immunity in patients with adenocarcinoma
      of the prostate.
AB  - Tumor-associated antigen-induced leukocyte adherence inhibition has been used as
      an in vitro criterion for evaluating the effect of estrogen on cell-mediated
      antitumor-associated immunity in patients with adenocarcinoma of the prostate.
      Significant (p less than 0.05) suppression from the reactivity obtained with
      untreated patients' leukocytes to allogeneic extracts of malignant prostatic
      tissue ranging from 19 to 80% was observed in all patients following
      preincubation of their leukocytes with diethylstilbesterol diphosphate. The
      observed suppression of tumor-associated immunity in the presence of exogenous
      estrogen provides further evidence to earlier studies that demonstrated
      estrogenic suppression of nonspecific cellular responsiveness as evaluated by
      phytohemagglutinin-induced lymphocytic blastogenesis of normal and prostatic
      cancer patients' lymphocytes and for the initially suggested concern over the
      efficacy of estrogenic therapy and its adverse effect on host cell-mediated
      immunological responsiveness.

PMID- 698930
TI  - Human lymphoblastoid cell lines as effector cells in mitogen-dependent and
      antibody-dependent cell-mediated lysis.
AB  - Based on reports that both human and murine lymphoblastoid cell lines can effect
      lysis in antibody-dependent (ADCC) and mitogen-induced (MICC) cell-mediated
      cytotoxicity, 10 human lymphoblastoid cell lines were investigated for their
      ability to act as effector cells in these lytic reactions. Four cell lines
      promoted MICC and ADCC of chicken erythrocytes. MICC was inhibited by subjecting
      the effector cells to gamma-irradiation, and ADCC was partially inhibited by
      treating antibody-coated target cells with Protein A from Staphylococcus aureus.
      The latter finding suggests that antibody plays a role in the cytotoxic reaction.
      The lytic activity of cultured human lymphoid cells in both MICC and ADCC
      reactions was, however, quite variable for unknown reasons. Because of this
      instability human lymphoblastoid cell lines are not a suitable source of effector
      cells for studying the biological and molecular properties of structures
      responsible for the lytic reaction.

PMID- 698931
TI  - Induction of neoplasms in hamster tracheal grafts with 3-methylcholanthrene
      coated Lycra fibers.
AB  - Synthetic Lycra spandex fibers were coated with 3-methylcholanthrene (3MC) and
      inserted into the lumina of 104 tracheas removed from young adult inbred Syrian
      hamsters. Tumors appeared 3 to 21 months after implantation of these tracheal
      grafts in syngeneic animals. 3MC in amounts ranging from 9 to 75 microgram/fiber
      induced a diversity of neoplasms in tracheal epithelium, the majority of which
      were classified histologically as carcinomas. Tumors failed to develop when
      smaller amounts of 3MC were used and in control tracheal grafts containing fibers
      without carcinogen. The use of tracer quantities of [14C]-3MC allowed
      quantitation of the carcinogen dosage to the mucosa before and at intervals after
      grafting. These studies demonstrate the dosage-dependent sensitivity of the
      hamster tracheal epithelium to relatively small quantities of 3MC. The direct
      application of carcinogens coated on synthetic fibers provides a useful tool for
      assaying water-insoluble carcinogens.

PMID- 698932
TI  - Long-term organ culture of human uterine endocervix.
AB  - Explants of human endocervix have been maintained in organ culture for 24 weeks.
      The epithelium was viable for the entire duration of culture, as demonstrated by
      ultrastructural morphology and mitotic activity. The epithelium of the explants
      retained a near normal morphology for 2 to 4 weeks. The only changes observed
      were decreased mucus secretion in columnar cells, focal epidermoid metaplasia,
      and an increase in autophagic vacuoles. Subsequently, a slowly progressive
      transformation of the columnar epithelium into a metaplastic epithelium was
      observed, with loss of mucus-secreting columnar cells and ciliated cells and the
      appearance of cuboidal and flattened epidermoid cells, forming often two to three
      layers. Metaplasia began at the top of the papillae and ridges and extended
      progressively downwards into the clefts. Nevertheless, in a few areas deep in the
      clefts, columnar cells retained evidence of mucus secretion during the entire
      duration of culture. Epidermoid metaplasia appeared to develop in the explants by
      transformation of columnar mucous cells into cuboidal and flattened cells with
      epidermoid characteristics. This hypothesis is supported by ultrastructural
      observations that showed mucus secretion and early keratinization in the
      metaplastic cells. Mitotic figures were observed with transmission electron
      microscopy for up to 24 weeks, and all dividing cells contained mucous granules.

PMID- 698933
TI  - Direct study of alkylating agent--RNA interaction by 13C nuclear magnetic
      resonance spectroscopy.
AB  - The interactions of Torula yeast RNA with four biologically important methylating
      agents (methyl methanesulfonate, dimethyl sulfate, 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea, and 1
      methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine) have been studied by 13C nuclear magnetic
      resonance spectroscopy. This direct stable isotope method eliminated all tedious
      and questionable degradation processes for determining the reactive sites and
      product distribution. Based on the integration curves, two types of product
      distribution can be distinctly observed according to the biological potency of
      the methylating agents [(a) weakly mutagenic and carcinogenic, methyl
      methanesulfonate and dimethyl sulfate and (b) strongly mutagenic and
      carcinogenic, 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea and 1-methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine].
      With 90% 13C-enriched methylating agent, it significantly increases the
      specificity and sensitivity and provides better quantitative results.

PMID- 698934
TI  - Antiproliferative agents and differential survival between normal and cancer
      cells.
AB  - A basic difference in response between normal cells (primate fibroblasts) and
      colonic cancer cells (human and rodent) to the antiproliferative action of both N
      (phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate and thymidine is described in this report. Both
      normal and colonic cancer cells, when cultured in the presence of these agents,
      cease to increase their cell numbers. Evidence is presented to show that the
      normal cells respond to deprivation of pyrimidine nucleotide induced by these
      agents by simple growth arrest, in which a quiescent state may be maintained for
      prolonged periods without cell death. Cancer cells are shown to respond in a
      characteristically different manner in which cell division continues accompanied
      by limited cell survival, with the surviving population representing a balance of
      these opposing processes. The extent to which these in vitro findings, based on a
      limited number of comparisons under restrictive artificial conditions, relate to
      the in vivo state remains to be established.

PMID- 698936
TI  - Induction of alkaline phosphatase activity in HeLa cells by choline chloride.
AB  - Choline chloride produced a dose-dependent induction of alkaline phosphatase
      activity in HeLa cells. At the highest concentration tested, 40 mM, there was a 5
      to 7-fold increase in alkaline phosphatase activity, a significantly greater
      induction than that produced by equiosmolar additions of either NaCl or sucrose.
      Enzyme activity was higher than control values by 24 hr after the addition of the
      salt, although the largest increases in activity occurred between 36 and 72 hr.
      The induction of alkaline phosphatase activity by choline chloride could be
      inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by the simultaneous addition of either
      caffeine or theophylline. At comparable concentrations of inhibitor, the
      magnitude of the inhibition of the induction produced by choline chloride was
      greater than that observed when the xanthines were used to inhibit the induction
      by either 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine or NaCl. Choline chloride, like NaCl, produced a
      proportionately greater increase in the heat-stable rather than the heat-labile
      form of alkaline phosphatase activity.

PMID- 698935
TI  - Heterogeneity in drug sensitivity among tumor cell subpopulations of a single
      mammary tumor.
AB  - Three distinct subpopulations of tumor cells derived from a single parent strain
      BALB/cfC3H mammary adenocarcinoma were tested in vivo for sensitivity to
      cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and 5-fluorouracil. Treatment was begun either 2
      days after s.c. tumor cell injection or at the time when the tumors became
      palpable. It was given on a weekly basis for 4 weeks. The mice were observed for
      growth of the primary implant and for development of spontaneous metastases. The
      three subpopulations differed markedly in their sensitivity to the drugs. The
      effects of the drugs ranged from induction of regression of the "primary" to
      enhancement of metastases. The effect on primary growth was independent of that
      on metastasis. The effect of the time of administration of the drugs also varied
      among the subpopulations. The sublines were also tested in vitro with
      methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil. Again there were marked differences in
      sensitivity to inhibition of cell division by the drugs. The relative
      sensitivities in vitro did not correlate with observations in vivo. The existence
      of subpopulations of tumor cells, differing in sensitivity to therapeutic agents,
      within a single neoplasm, presents a challenge to development of assays capable
      of predicting drug response and to the selection of combination therapies.

PMID- 698937
TI  - Erythropoietin responsiveness in vivo of Friend virus target cells for
      transformation and virus replication.
AB  - Techniques that allow the selective stimulation of the erythropoietin-responsive
      cell population in mice with suppressed multipotential hemopoietic stem cells
      were used to identify (1) the in vivo target cell transformed by Friend virus
      (FV) into a tumor colony-forming unit and (2) a target cell for FV replication in
      vivo. Plethoric mice with busulphan-induced reductions in stem cell populations
      (characterized as colony-forming units) and stimulated erythropoietin-responsive
      cell compartments were given FV; control groups, not receiving erythropoietin,
      also received FV. A comparison of the number of target cells transformed in each
      group provided evidence identifying the ERC as the in vivo compartment in which
      the target cell detected by tumor colony formation resides. Differences in plasma
      virus titers revealed that the erythropoietin-responsive cell is also
      predominantly responsible for the production of FV as measured by focus-forming
      activity.

PMID- 698938
TI  - Dissociation between aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in cultured pulmonary
      macrophages and blood lymphocytes from lung cancer patients.

PMID- 698939
TI  - High pressure liquid chromatographic assay for alpha hydroxylation of N
      nitrosopyrrolidine by isolated rat liver microsomes.
AB  - A high-pressure liquid chromatographic assay for alpha hydroxylation of N
      nitrosopyrrolidine by isolated hepatic microsomes was developed. Mixtures
      consisting of N-nitrosopyrrolidine, microsomes, and an NADPH-generating system
      were incubated at 37 degrees. The major product of alpha hydroxylation of N
      nitrosopyrrolidine, 2-hydroxytetrahydrofuran, was trapped by the addition of 2,4
      dinitrophenylhydrazine reagent to form 4-hydroxybutyraldehyde-2,4
      dinitrophenylhydrazone. The latter was quantified by reverse-phase high-pressure
      liquid chromatography. Under optimal conditions, as determined by varying protein
      and substrate concentrations, the alpha hydroxylation of N-nitrosopyrrolidine was
      linear for at least 90 min and showed characteristics typical of the microsomal
      mixed-function oxidase system, such as inhibition by CO and induction by
      pretreatment of male F-344 rats with Aroclor. N-Nitrosopyrrolidine exhibited type
      II spectral changes upon interaction with isolated hepatic microsomes. A close
      correspondence between binding affinity and alpha hydroxylation of N
      nitrosopyrrolidine was observed.

PMID- 698940
TI  - [3H]Benzo(a)pyrene metabolism in tracheal epithelial microsomes and tracheal
      organ cultures.

PMID- 698941
TI  - Effect of tumor promoters on the response of cultured embryonic chick ganglia to
      nerve growth factor.
AB  - The tumor-promoting plant diterpene 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA)
      inhibits nerve growth factor (NGF)-provoked neurite outgrowth in cultured
      embryonic chick sensory and sympathetic ganglia. Other plant diterpenes that are
      tumor promoters on the mouse skin carcinogenesis system also inhibit ganglia
      response to NGF, but structurally related nonpromoting compounds are inactive.
      There is no evidence that the inhibitory effect of TPA is due to cytotoxicity. In
      fact, it appears that TPA can enhance the survival of neuronal and nonneuronal
      cells in culture. Although neurite outgrowth is prevented, established neurites
      do not retract in the presence of TPA. After 24 hr, ganglia can slowly overcome
      the block, even in the presence of fresh TPA; thus, inhibition is transient. The
      concentration of NGF that does induce a half-maximal neurite outgrowth response
      in sensory ganglia is approximately 0.6 X 10(-11) M. The antagonism of NGF by TPA
      is dose dependent and apparently noncompetitive. TPA concentrations that
      extensively inhibit neurite outgrowth do not affect the amount of 125I-labeled
      NGF bound to specific sites on dissociated dorsal root ganglion cells, which
      supports the contention that TPA acts at a stage beyond the initial interaction
      of the factor with its receptive site.

PMID- 698942
TI  - Insulin receptors in Zajdela rat ascites hepatoma cells and their sensitivity to
      certain enzymes and lectins.

PMID- 698943
TI  - Increased polyamine concentration and tumor-derived lactate dehydrogenase
      activity in physiological fluids during regression of a heterologous tumor
      transplant.

PMID- 698944
TI  - Olfactory neuroepithelioma in a domestic carp (Cyprinus carpio).
AB  - A well-differentiated olfactory neuroepithelioma was found protruding from the
      left olfactory fossa of a 6-year-old domestic multicolored carp, Cyprinus carpio.
      Following diagnostic biopsy the neoplasm continued to grow. At necropsy, the
      tumor was found to extend beyond the olfactory chamber into the intracranial
      portion of the olfactory bulb, but no distant metastases could be detected.
      Histologically, the neoplasm had a remarkably organoid appearance, being composed
      of imperfect reproductions of the normal olfactory organ including olfactory
      membrane, axonal bundles, and glial tissue. Electron microscopy demonstrated the
      presence of numerous ciliated olfactory sensory cells as well as sustentacular,
      mucous, and basal cells within the neoplastic simulations of olfactory membrane.
      These observations, together with those from two previous case reports of
      olfactory neuroepitheliomas in teleosts, suggest that this type of tumor tends to
      be more highly differentiated than are neoplasms of similar origin in mammals.

PMID- 698945
TI  - Differential effects of lectins on the in vitro growth of normal mouse lung cells
      and low- and high-cancer-derived cell lines.
AB  - The comparative aspects of cell growth, i.e., [3H]thymidine and [14C]leucine
      uptake of low-cancer (P4Bis) and high-cancer (P4BisT) cell lines and of their
      normal counterparts, have been studied in the presence and absence of
      concanavalin and Robinia lectins. These lectins have similar effects on cell
      growth, on thymidine and leucine uptake, and on incorporation of these
      precursors. The growth of normal cells is stimulated by both lectins, whereas the
      growth of transformed cells is inhibited. In all cases the uptake of both leucine
      and thymidine by cells is increased by the lectins, but the percentage of
      incorporation of the precursors is affected in a different manner. The percentage
      of thymidine incorporated by normal and transformed cells increases or decreases
      in direct proportion to cell growth; leucine incorporation is not affected
      significantly. The reversibility of these lectin effects by specific inhibitors
      shows that cell membranes are implicated in these phenomena. Our study with
      normal and transformed cells suggests that cell surface may play a role in the
      process of malignant transformation and that P4Bis cells are "transitory" between
      PB1 normal cells and P4BisT high-cancer cells.

PMID- 698946
TI  - Changes in the composition of sulfated mucopolysaccharides during neoplastic
      transformation of cerebral tissue.

PMID- 698947
TI  - A critique of the statistical evidence associating estrogens with endometrial
      cancer.

PMID- 698949
TI  - Menstrual cycle patterns and breast cancer risk factors.
AB  - Using a data set of women who longitudinally recorded menstrual and reproductive
      events, we examined menstrual cycle characteristics in relationship to early and
      late menarche, early and late menopause, and deferred parity, three variables
      epidemiologically related to breast cancer incidence. Women with late onset of
      menarche had longer and more variable cycles in the 10 years after menarche than
      did those with early onset. Women with late onset of menopause had longer and
      more variable cycles in the premenopausal interval than did those with early
      onset. Cumulative fertility in women after marriage did not differ according to
      cycle length and variance. Late menopause may be a breast cancer risk factor due
      to relative estrogen excess and progesterone lack as reflected in longer, more
      varied cycle patterns. Observed cycle differences between women with early and
      late menarche await further study of the endocrine physiology of the menstrual
      cycle in those groups.

PMID- 698948
TI  - Plasma hormone profiles of young women at risk for familial breast cancer.
AB  - The plasma hormone concentrations of 30 young women, who were judged by genetic
      analysis to be at high risk for familial breast cancer, were compared with those
      of 30 matched controls identified as at low risk for the disease. The hormone
      measurements were obtained every second day throughout the menstrual cycle, and
      the results were analyzed in terms of follicular, luteal, and full-cycle mean
      concentrations. Comparison was carried out in a paired fashion with each high
      risk and low-risk pair matched closely for height, weight, age, and reproductive
      history. No statistically significant differences were found in prolactin,
      gonadotropin, estrone, estradiol, or estriol plasma concentrations although the
      high-risk group displayed consistently lower values in all of the above except
      estriol.

PMID- 698950
TI  - Relationship between urine and plasma estrogen ratios.
AB  - Normal young and postmenopausal women were placed into groups according to the
      ratio of the estrogens in their urine. Women whose ratio was greater than 1.3 if
      young and greater than 3.2 if postmenopausal were compared to women whose ratio
      was less than 0.7 and less than 2.1 for young and postmenopausal, respectively.
      Between the respective high- and low-ratio groups, there were no significant
      differences for circulating levels of estriol, metabolic clearance rates of
      estriol, or blood production rates of estriol, estrone, or estradiol. Women who
      had had breast cancer were compared to a group of normal controls and were also
      found to have similar blood production rates for estriol, estrone, and estradiol.
      The ratios of the blood production rates of estriol to estrone and estradiol were
      similar for the high and low groups for young and postmenopausal women and also
      between the breast cancer women and their controls. It appears, therefore, that
      the difference in urinary estrogen ratios is primarily due to different pathways
      of metabolism of the free circulating estrogens and not to differences in the
      production rates of the estrogens. Estriol is produced at only 10% the rate of
      estrone and estradiol.

PMID- 698951
TI  - Proposed coupling of chromatin replication, hormone action, and cell
      differentiation.
AB  - DNA replication in isolated nuclei is highly dependent on the availability of
      soluble proteins from the cell cytoplasm. Activity is distributed nonrandomly
      among the different proteins, and the range of proteins that are required for
      optimal DNA replication varies with the fractions of DNA being replicated.
      Support of DNA replication has been correlated with the uptake of these proteins
      by nuclei and their integration into an immature form of the newly replicated
      chromatin; the latter has been shown by density analysis to be richer in protein
      content than the bulk of nonreplicating chromatin. Pulse labeling of DNA in
      living cells has revealed that a similar protein-rich chromatin is formed as an
      intermediate in chromatin replication in vivo; however, this form rapidly matures
      by the exclusion of proteins. The dependency of DNA replication on the presence
      of soluble cytoplasmic proteins and the physical association of these entities
      with newly replicated chromatin prompt the proposal that availability of specific
      proteins may play an important role in determining the ultimate genetic
      expressability of the matured chromatin and thus the cell phenotype. The finding
      that dexamethasone, a steroid that regulates the expression of several genes and
      directs the differentiation of certain cells, can modify the uptake of proteins
      in isolated nuclei is in accord with this hypothesis.

PMID- 698952
TI  - Role of hormones in mammary neoplasia.
AB  - A testable hypothesis for the role of hormones in mammary carcinogenesis with
      implications for other endocrine-related carcinogenesis is presented. The
      hypothesis is based on these observations: (a) hormones are involved, directly or
      indirectly, in regulating cell division in normal mammary cells: (b) emergence of
      overt mammary tumors requires hormonal stimulation of cells receiving
      carcinogenic stimulus; (c) normal mammary cells are of finite divisional
      capabilities, whereas neoplastic cells appear to have infinite divisional life;
      and (d) normal cells, when present in large quantities relative to the neoplastic
      cells, inhibit the growth of the latter cells. According to the hypothesis
      hormones play at least two roles in mammary carcinogenesis induced by diverse
      agents, such as viruses, chemicals, and radiation. First, hormones are necessary
      for DNA synthesis and mitosis of initial transformed cells for their conversion
      into fixed transformed cells with heritable characteristics. Second, hormones, by
      increasing the rate of cell division, shorten the reproductive life span of
      normal cells, eventually causing a reduction in the normal to transformed cell
      ratio in the population--a condition that allows the emergence of tumor cells by
      overriding the inhibitory influence of normal cells.

PMID- 698953
TI  - Effect of parity on recovery of inapparent nodule-transformed mammary gland cells
      in vivo.
AB  - Inapparent nodule-transformed cells were recovered from five late-pregnant, first
      pregnancy BALB/cfC3H females 4 months of age and from five late-pregnant
      multiparous females 6 to 7 months of age. Mammary tissues were removed from each
      donor and dissociated by means of the enzyme collagenase (0.1%), hyaluronidase
      (0.1%), and pronase (1.25%). Aliquots of 100,000 viable cells in 0.01 ml of media
      were injected into the gland-free mammary fat pads of 3-week-old syngeneic host
      mice. Ten weeks after the injection the outgrowths were classified as ductal,
      nodule, tumor, or combinations of these types of outgrowths. The recovery of
      nodule outgrowths indicated the presence of nodule-transformed cells in the cell
      suspension that was injected. All donors yielded nodule outgrowths, and the
      percentage of outgrowths was significantly greater than was the percentage
      recovered from virgin BALB/cfC3H females of the same age groups. The latent
      period for the emergence of nodules and tumors was reduced from 8 to 9 months in
      virgin females to 4 months in parous females. The incidence of both nodules and
      tumors was greatly increased. The data suggest that parity significantly
      increases the numbers of nodule-transformed cells in donor tissue, decreases the
      time required for the emergence of nodules and tumors, and increases the number
      of overt nodules and tumors.

PMID- 698954
TI  - Prolactin and the development and progression of early neoplastic mammary gland
      lesions.
AB  - Chronic suppression of prolactin by 2-bromo-alpha-ergocryptine (CB-154) in young
      nulliparous or mature multiparous C3H mice sharply suppressed the development of
      preneoplastic mammary gland lesions (hyperplastic alveolar nodules) and markedly
      inhibited the progression of these preneoplasias to carcinomas. This effect was
      also observed in C3H mice treated with either 17beta-estradiol or the oral
      contraceptive Enovid. Chronic CB-154 induced prolactin suppression was more
      effective than ovariectomy in the suppression of hyperplastic alveolar nodule
      development and comparable to ovariectomy in the suppression of mammary carcinoma
      development. Evidence is also provided indicating that human placental lactogen,
      a peptide chemically and physiologically similar to prolactin, promotes growth
      both in vitro (organ culture) and in vivo (athymic "nude" mouse) of the
      epithelium contained in benign human breast tumors. Whether or not human
      pituitary prolactin is capable of mimicking the mammotrophic action of human
      placental lactogen and whether a dysplastic, prolactin-sensitive lesion
      comparable to hyperplastic alveolar nodules exists in the human breast remains to
      be determined.

PMID- 698956
TI  - Combined effects of testosterone and estradiol on rat ventral prostate in organ
      culture.

PMID- 698955
TI  - Mesenchyme-mediated effect of testosterone on embryonic mammary epithelium.

PMID- 698957
TI  - Role of prostaglandins in the production of hypercalcemia by tumors.
AB  - This report summarizes the data from two animal and cell culture systems that
      serve as models that show how certain malignant tumors produce hypercalcemia by
      means of a humoral mechanism. Studies with the HSDM1 murine fibrosarcoma and the
      VX2 carcinoma in the rabbit have led to the conclusion that these two tumors
      produce hypercalcemia in the host by means of a mechanism that utilizes
      prostaglandin E2 as the mediator between the neoplasm and bone. Analogous or
      identical mechanisms may operate in a small number of human tumors.

PMID- 698959
TI  - Structure of chick progesterone receptors.
AB  - Oviduct progesterone receptors have been purified from both immature chicks and
      laying hens. The subunits, progestophilins A and B, have different molecular
      weights, but each is the same from either tissue source. Immunological data show
      that the subunits are cross-reactive. The hen B protein as isolated to
      homogeneity contains nonradioactive progesterone in stoichiometric amounts as
      shown by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. These studies further confirm our
      earlier determinations on these proteins.

PMID- 698958
TI  - Stimulation by carcinogens and promoters of prostaglandin production by dog
      kidney (MDCK) cells in culture.

PMID- 698960
TI  - Receptor and centriole pathways of steroid action in normal and neoplastic cells.
AB  - An experimental system designed for tracing the estradiol kinetics in target
      cells by specific antibodies has been applied to human breast cancer. Several
      major defects of the estradiol receptor mechanism have been demonstrated. The
      detected changes (lack of cytoplasmic receptors, impaired nuclear transfer of
      estradiol:receptor complexes, and abnormal nuclear retention of these complexes)
      have been demonstrated in most human breast cancers that appear to be composed of
      hormone-dependent and autonomous mixed-cell populations. These abnormalities
      could be the biological background for the overall or partial unresponsiveness of
      breast cancer to endocrine management. The participation of steroids in the
      regulation of centriole activities is taken into account since immunoreactive
      steroids are traceable by UV and electron microscopy at the level of this cell
      organelle by steroid antibodies. Moreover, the presence of steroids in the
      pericentriolar material correlates well with the modulating appearance and
      activity of the centriole throughout the cell cycle. A new centriole pathway is
      suggested by which steroid hormones can regulate cell proliferation.

PMID- 698961
TI  - Comparison between different forms of estrogen cytosol receptor and the nuclear
      receptor extracted by micrococcal nuclease.
AB  - As an approach to the mechanism of the nuclear translocation of estrogen
      receptor, the estradiol nuclear receptor (RN) of lamb endometrium was extracted
      with micrococcal nuclease at 2--4 degrees and compared to the "native" 8S and to
      the Ca2+-transformed cytosol receptors. After extensive digestion of chromatin,
      giving up to 10% perchloric acid-soluble DNA and a majority of nucleosome
      monomers, up to 80% of the RN was extracted and under low ionic strength. This RN
      was found to be completely different from the partially proteolyzed Ca2+
      transformed cytosol receptor. It migrated with a sedimentation constant of 4 and
      6 S. The Stokes radius of the predominant form as determined by ACA 34
      chromatography was 5.3 nm. The calculated apparent molecular weights were 130,000
      and 90,000, respectively. The RN was able to bind DNA and was eluted from a
      diethylaminoethyl cellulose column at 0.23 and 0.30 M KCl. We conclude that the
      mechanism proposed by Puca et al., according to which the Ca2+-transformed
      cytosol receptor is split by a Ca2+ receptor-transforming factor into a smaller
      form able to cross the nuclear membrane, is very unlikely.

PMID- 698962
TI  - Effects of ethidium bromide on the extractability of nuclear receptor-estrogen
      complex.
AB  - In previous reports we challenged the concept that uterine nuclei of rats contain
      two forms of estrogen receptors, one salt extractable and the other salt
      resistant. Although it is likely that a certain fraction of the nuclear bound
      receptor-estrogen complex exists as a ternary high-affinity acceptor-receptor
      estrogen complex, current salt extraction procedures do not allow discrimination
      between receptor-17beta-estradiol complexes associated with high-affinity and low
      affinity nuclear binding sites. Recent reports suggested that the DNA
      intercalating agent ethidium bromide selectively extracted those sites that
      appeared to be salt resistant. In view of contradictory reports to this effect,
      we have attempted to clarify this issue. The data presented indicate that
      ethidium bromide is not a useful tool for the identification of a specific class
      ("salt-resistant") of nuclear binding sites for receptor-17beta-estradiol
      complexes. This conclusion is based on measurement of nuclear bound receptor-17
      beta-estradiol following KCl and/or ethidium bromide extraction by using both the
      direct assay and the nuclear exchange assay.

PMID- 698963
TI  - Metabolism of 17beta-estradiol during receptor-mediated nuclear migration in
      breast cancer cells.

PMID- 698964
TI  - Restoration by adrenalectomy of weight and binding capacity of glucorcorticoid
      receptors of the thymus in AH 130 tumor-bearing rats.
AB  - The binding capacity of specific receptors for dexamethasone (11beta,17alpha,21
      trihydroxy-9alpha-fluoro-16alpha-methyl-1,4-pregnadiene-3,20-dione) in the
      cytoplasm of the thymus of rats bearing AH 130 (solid-type) tumors decreased
      significantly during tumor growth. Adrenalectomy restored the binding capacity of
      the glucocorticoid receptors and the weight of the thymus to nearly the normal
      values in rats bearing tumors. The affinity of these receptors for dexamethasone
      was very low in rats bearing tumors, but it was also restored to nearly the
      normal value by adrenalectomy.

PMID- 698965
TI  - Specific binding of estrogens in different fetal tissues of guinea pig during
      fetal development.
AB  - Cytosol and nuclear specific estradiol binding was evaluated in the fetal uterus,
      kidney, lung, and brain of guinea pig during fetal development and after birth.
      The quantity of specific binding sites increases during fetal development and
      decreases after birth, particularly that of the nuclei. An exception is the
      binding in the cytosol fraction of lung in which the number of available binding
      sites continues to increase in newborn animals. In the fetal uterus the amount of
      specific binding of estradiol and estrone is similar. The selective uptake of
      radioactivity and its localization by autoradiography in cell nuclei are in
      accordance with the high levels of estrogen receptors, particularly at the end of
      gestation.

PMID- 698966
TI  - Glucorticoid resistance in murine lymphoma and thymoma lines.
AB  - The thymoma line W7 contains 30,000 dexamethasone-binding sites per cell and
      gives rise to glucocorticoid-resistant variants at a frequency less than 1.6 X
      10(-9); the lymphoma S49 contains one-half that amount of receptor, is resistant
      to low concentrations of dexamethasone, and gives rise to fully resistant
      variants at high frequency. These results suggest that S49 is functionally
      haploid (r+/-) for a gene coding for the receptor while W7 appears diploid for
      that locus (r+/+). Derivatives of the W7 (r+/+) line, selected for resistance to
      low concentrations of dexamethasone, have the same properties as S49. These
      putative W7's (r+/-) give rise to the same types of receptor variants as S49 and
      in the same proportion; 80 to 90% are "receptorless" (r-) while 10 to 20% are
      "nuclear transfer defective" (nt-). A total of 127 variants resistant to high
      concentrations of dexamethasone were derived from the W7 (r+/+) line after
      mutagenesis. All are receptor variants but N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine
      and ethyl methanesulfonate induce only 60 to 70% r- variants, confirming the
      presence of two r+ alleles in the parental line. Ultraviolet light induces a
      higher proportion (87%) of r+ variants, as expected from the introduction of
      breaks and deletions in DNA.

PMID- 698967
TI  - Steroid receptors in human breast cancer.
AB  - The measurement of cytoplasmic estrogen receptor in tumors from patients with
      breast cancer is now well established. Potential uses include prognosis of early
      recurrence following mastectomy, stratifying patients for adjuvant therapies, and
      selecting or rejecting endocrine therapy in advanced breast cancer. The use of
      progesterone receptor measurements to improve our selection process has a good
      theoretical basis, and early reports now emerging indicate that the presence of
      both estrogen and progesterone receptor in a breast tumor predicts a high
      response rate to endocrine therapy. Further work in this area is required,
      however, since patients with estrogen receptor but not progesterone receptor
      still have an appreciable response rate.

PMID- 698968
TI  - Estrogen receptor assay in primary breast cancer and early recurrence of the
      disease.
AB  - Estrogen receptor assays of primary breast tumors have been related to early
      recurrence of the disease. A significantly longer disease-free interval was found
      in women whose primary tumor was estrogen receptor positive. Although there was
      no relationship of receptor content to stage of disease at mastectomy, the
      greatest difference between recurrence rates was found when the tumor had spread
      to the lymph nodes, especially to those in the apex of the axilla or in the
      internal mammary chain. Presence of estrogen receptor is closely related to
      histologically well-differentiated tumors, but it was found that poorly
      differentiated estrogen receptor-negative tumors recurred earlier than poorly
      differentiated receptor-positive tumors and had a very unfavorable prognosis.

PMID- 698969
TI  - Prognostic value of estrogen receptor determinations in patients with breast
      cancer.
AB  - The estrogen receptor content of human breast cancer specimens is related to the
      degree of differentiation (grade) of the tumor. In addition, patients with
      estrogen receptor-positive tumors experience fewer recurrences and remain disease
      free for a longer priod of time than do patients with receptor-negative tumors.
      The presence of estrogen receptor is not correlated with lymph node infiltration.

PMID- 698970
TI  - An association between steroid hormone receptors and response to cytotoxic
      chemotherapy in patients with metastatic breast cancer.

PMID- 698971
TI  - Some comments on the necessity of receptor determination in human breast cancer.
AB  - Estrogen receptors (ER's) were determined by agar gel electrophoresis in 105
      human mammary tumor biopsies. Fifty-three tumor specimens revealed measurable
      amounts of receptor, and 64% of these patients showed an objective remission
      after endocrine treatment. If we also include cases with partial remission,
      previous response, and arrested growth but no actual remission, the benefit rate
      increases to 87%. The corresponding percentage in the ER-negative groups is 13%.
      In a retrospective study of 42 patients with human breast cancer, a correlation
      between ER finding and remission rate after chemotherapy was found. Of the ER
      negative patients, 71% showed an objective remission after polychemotherapy,
      whereas only 43% of the ER-positive cases revealed such remission. The presented
      data are discussed with special regard to their clinical relevance.

PMID- 698972
TI  - Molecular heterogeneity of cytosolic forms of estrogen receptors from human
      breast tumors.

PMID- 698973
TI  - Relation between steroid receptor content and the response to hormone addition in
      isolated human breast cancer cells in short-term culture.
AB  - The hormone dependence of human breast tumors has been investigated in two ways:
      (a) estradiol and progesterone receptor determination in tumor tissue; and (b)
      measurement of the growth-stimulating effect of hormones on cells in short-term
      culture. Preliminary results from 15 tumors suggest that such a model may be used
      for human breast tumors. The behavior of the cultures under hormonal stimulation
      depended on their receptor content. In this series of patients, the tumors
      containing both estradiol and progesterone receptors were stimulated by addition
      of insulin and estradiol while the tumors containing either estradiol receptor
      alone or no steroid receptor were not modified by hormonal addition.

PMID- 698974
TI  - Human renal cell carcinoma as a hormone-dependent tumor.

PMID- 698975
TI  - Correlation between clinical response to hormone therapy and steroid receptor
      content in prostatic cancer.
AB  - Hormonal therapy is the dominating form of treatment for prostatic carcinoma. The
      majority of cases (80%) are well controlled for varying times with this regimen.
      However, thus far there have been no adequate methods to predict in which cases
      hormonal therapy is of less benefit. Measurement of cancer tissue content of
      intracellular hormone receptors constitutes progress toward a more individualized
      therapy in prostatic carcinoma. In this study biopsies from 16 cancer patients
      were taken before therapy was given, and the specimens were analyzed with regard
      to content of specific methyltrienolone-binding sites. A correlation has been
      made between receptor content and clinical response to hormonal therapy in each
      case. Twelve specimens contained measurable amounts of steroid receptors. Of
      these, one patient died during irradiation therapy before onset of hormonal
      treatment. However, of the remaining 11 patients, 9 responded well to hormones
      (9/11 approximately 82%). The two receptor-positive nonresponders had the lowest
      measurable receptor levels in the series. Four specimens contained no detectable
      amounts of receptors. Three of these patients showed no response to therapy (3/4
      = 75%) but one was "false negative." Our data indicate that steroid receptor
      analysis may become a valuable diagnostic tool in individualizing the therapy for
      prostatic cancer.

PMID- 698976
TI  - Animal models of the hormone-sensitive and -insensitive prostatic
      adenocarcinomas, Dunning R-3327-H, R-3327-HI, and R-3327-AT.
AB  - The Dunning R-3327-H is a well-differentiated transplantable rat prostatic
      adenocarcinoma that contains both hormone-sensitive and -insensitive cells. The
      component composed of hormone-insensitive cells has been permitted to grow in a
      castrated male, and a new slow-growing, well-differentiated hormone-insensitive
      subline of the tumor has been established and designated R-3327-HI. In addition,
      a rapidly growing hormone-insensitive anaplastic tumor has been developed, R-3327
      AT. These three tumor lines have been characterized, and their histological and
      biochemical profiles are compared.

PMID- 698977
TI  - Human endometrial cancer cell cultures for hormonal studies.

PMID- 698978
TI  - Chemical modification of neamine.
AB  - The aminocyclitol antibiotic neamine has been modified by changing the
      configuration of one or two hydroxyl groups of the aminocyclitol moiety to
      elucidate the relationship between configuration and antimicrobial activity. 5
      Epi-, 6-epi-, and 5,6-diepineamine have been prepared and their antimicrobial
      activity has been determined against several micro-organisms.

PMID- 698979
TI  - Isolation and characterization of glycoconjugates from B16 mouse melanoma tumors.
AB  - The major glycosaminoglycans isolated from B16 mouse melanoma tumors after
      Pronase digestion were shown to be a family of chondroitin 4-sulfates with
      different degrees of sulfation and a wide molecular-weight range.
      Ultracentrifugation data gave molecular weight values as high as 88 000, in
      contrast to that of costal cartilage chondroitin 4-sulfate which is about 14 000.
      A mucin-type sialoglycopeptide, isolated from the tumors by cetylpyridinium
      chloride precipitation of the Pronase digest, was shown to contain O
      glycosylically linked tetra- and tri-saccharides consisting of sialic acid,
      galactose, and N-acetylgalactosamine. The sialoglycoprotein, which on Pronase
      digestion gave rise to the glycopeptide, was isolated from the tumor by
      extraction with lithium diiodosalicylate and affinity chromatography on a wheat
      germ agglutinin-Sepharose 4B column. It was homogeneous on the basis of gel
      filtration on Sepharose 4B and Sephadex G-200 columns, lectin affinity, and ion
      exchange chromatography. The compounds isolated from the B16 mouse melanoma
      tumors are similar to those produced by the cultured melanoma cells, which
      suggests that the latter compounds are not artifacts of the culture system.

PMID- 698980
TI  - beta-D-xylosidase from Bacillus pumilus PRL B12: hydrolysis of aryl beta-D
      xylopyranosides.
AB  - The influence of substituents on the binding and hydrolysis of several
      substituted beta-D-xylopyranosides by beta-D-xylosidase from Bacillus pumilus PRL
      B12 has been investigated. From a comparison of the inhibition constants of 1
      thio-beta-D-xylopyranosides with the apparent Michaelis-Menten constants of the
      substrates, it followed that the latter constants are good approximations of the
      true equilibrium constants. The influence of the substituent on the rate and
      activation parameters is small. The results are in agreement with, but do not
      prove, a one-step mechanism without the formation of a glycosyl-enzyme
      intermediate.

PMID- 698981
TI  - Immunochemical studies on dextran-specific and levan-specific myeloma proteins
      from NZB mice.
AB  - Two dextran-specific (PC 3858 and PC 3936) and one levan-specific (PC 3660) NZB
      myeloma proteins were studied by quantitative precipitin and precipitin
      inhibition assays. Both myeloma antidextrans were alphaD-(1 leads to 6) specific
      and precipitated strongly with a synthetic, linear dextran, molecular weight
      35,500, and with other dextrans. The two myeloma antidextrans differed with
      respect to their relative reactivities with dextrans containing various
      proportions of alpha-D-(1 leads to 6), alpha-D-(1 leads to 4)-like, and alpha-D
      (1 leads to 3)-like linkages. In inhibition assays, the two antidextran myeloma
      proteins behaved differently from each other, from alpha-D-(1 leads to 6)
      specific BALB/c myeloma antidextrans, and from the human antidextrans previously
      studied. Isomalto-oligosaccharides IM3, IM4, and IM5 were all equal in inhibitory
      power but were only about 60% as potent as IM6 and IM7, which also inhibited
      equally on a molar basis. Although precipitation with linear dextran suggests
      that both may have groove-type sites, as previously inferred for QUPC 52, the
      size of their combining sites is uncertain. It is not clear whether the sites are
      only as big as three glucose residues with the increased inhibition by six and
      seven glucose residues being attributable to partial bivalence and to their
      ability to combine in several ways along the chain, or whether the site is as big
      as six glucose residues with the increment in binding by the fourth and fifth
      glucose residues being minimal and the sixth contributing considerable additional
      binding-energy. The fructan-specific myeloma protein did not react with inulin,
      but reacted with many levans and with perennial rye-grass levan containing only
      beta-D-(2 leads to 6) links. The levan-antilevan reaction was not inhibited by
      beta-D-(2 leads to 1)- linked oligosaccharides. The findings suggest that PC 3660
      has a specificity for (2 leads to 6)-linked chains.

PMID- 698982
TI  - The chemistry and immunochemistry of carrageenans from Eucheuma and related algal
      species.
AB  - Carrageenans from several species of Eucheuma have been fractionated into KC1
      soluble and KC1-insoluble fractions and analyzed by the usual chemical
      procedures. An anti-kappa-carrageenan, the reactivity of which is directed to
      kappa-structures (i.e., 3-linked galactose 4-sulphate, and 4-linked 3,6
      anhydrogalactose) was used to analyze these carrageenans immunochemically. The
      antibody preparation shows only a small amount of cross-reactivity with iota-type
      carrageenans and thus could be used to distinguish kappa- and iota-type
      carrageenans, the latter having an index of homology of less than 0.2. A
      comparison of chemical and immunochemical data yielded further information as to
      the nature of the carrageenan-anti-carrageenan interaction, as well as
      elucidating the finer structure of carrageenans.

PMID- 698983
TI  - Prolapse of the mitral valve: clinical, hemodynamic, angiographic and
      echocardiographic correlations.
AB  - Among 1,519 patients undergoing diagnostic cardiac catheterization over a 2-year
      period, angiographically unequivocal mitral valve prolapse was identified in 79
      cases (5.2%). Mitral valve prolapse was clinically unsuspected in 30 of these 79
      patients. Echocardiographic studies were available in 44 cases, but only 55% of
      the patients with prolapse of the mitral valve documented by angiography had
      positive echocardiographic findings. One third of the patients had associated
      coronary artery disease, aortic valve disease or atrial septal defects. 14
      patients (18%) had moderate or severe mitral regurgitation. There was a wide
      spectrum of hemodynamic and ventriculographic abnormalities that could not
      entirely be explained by the degree of prolapse, by the severity of mitral
      regurgitation or by the presence of associated diseases.

PMID- 698984
TI  - Adaptive cardiovascular changes to physical training in spontaneously
      hypertensive and normotensive rats.

PMID- 698985
TI  - A method for demonstrating the efficacy of interventions designed to limit
      infarct size following coronary occlusion: beneficial effect of hyaluronidase.
AB  - In order to measure the protective effect of interventions following coronary
      artery occlusions in dogs, the creatine kinase activity of myocardial tissue was
      assayed after 24 h and related to the myocardial blood flow of that tissue
      measured with 85Sr labelled microspheres injected 15 min after occlusion. This
      assay showed normal levels when flow exceeded 50 cm3.min-1.100 g-1. In myocardium
      with flow reduced to 0 to 15 cm3. min-1.100g-1, creatine kinase activity was 7.6
      +/- 0.6 IU.mg-1 protein in control dogs and 13.1 +/- 1.8 IU.mg-1 protein (P less
      than 0.01) in dogs given 500 NF units.kg-1 of hyaluronidase 20 min after
      occlusion. Where myocardial blood flow was reduced to 16 to 50 cm3. min-1. 100g
      1, creatine kinase activity was increased from 14.1 +/- 1.1 to 20.5 +/- 1.4 IU.mg
      1 protein by hyaluronidase. This method therefore assesses ischaemic damage
      independent of electrophysiological measurements and confirms myocardial
      preservation by hyaluronidase.

PMID- 698986
TI  - Effects of oxyfedrin: a beta-adrenoreceptor stimulant, on infarct size following
      acute coronary artery ligation.
AB  - Regional left ventricular blood flow and the extent of myocardial ischaemia were
      studied after acute coronary artery occlusion in open-chest dogs before and after
      infusion of oxyfedrin, a beta-adrenergic stimulant. Regional blood flow was
      measured with radioactive tracer microspheres and local tissue injury was
      estimated by the S-T segment elevation in epicardial electrocardiograms. Animals
      receiving oxyfedrin were divided into two groups: 1 and 2. Oxyfedrin was infused
      intravenously in a dose of 0.80 to 0.94 mg.kg-1 in dogs of group 1 and 1.45 to
      1.60 mg.kg-1 in dogs of group 2. The rate of infusion in the animals of both
      groups was 0.61 mg.min-1. Oxyfedrin caused further S-T segment elevation over
      ischaemic myocardium and increased the extent of ischaemic injury in group 1
      dogs. Conversely, in this same group of dogs, the blood flow was unchanged in low
      flow regions ( less than 0.3 cm3.g-1.min-1) and increased in higher flow areas,
      inside the ischaemic region. In the animals of group 2, oxyfedrin caused further
      S-T segment elevation over ischaemic myocardium and increased the extent of
      ischaemic injury. Concomitantly, blood flow was significantly reduced both inside
      and outside the ischaemic region. These observations in dogs of group 1 (ie
      increased blood flow inside the ischaemic region by infusion of oxyfedrin, in
      flow zones higher than 0.3 cm3.g-1.min-1, with a further S-T segment elevation
      over ischaemic myocardium, and an increase in the extent of ischaemic injury) may
      be explained by a primary effect of oxyfedrin on oxygen demands with secondary
      changes in blood flow.

PMID- 698987
TI  - Haemodynamic effects on the myocardial blood flow supply/oxygen demand ratio in
      pacing induced angina pectoris.
AB  - Angina pectoris results from an imbalance between oxygen supply and demand in the
      subendocardium. The haemodynamic effects contributing to this imbalance have been
      studied in 10 patients with coronary artery disease. Myocardial oxygen demand was
      estimated from the tension time index (TTI), potential subendocardial flow from a
      diastolic pressure time index (DPTI), and the oxygen supply/demand ratio from
      (DPTI/TTI. With progressively increasing pacing rates up until induction of
      angina, no significant change in TTI was found whereas a significant fall in DPTI
      and DPTI/TTI occurred (P less than 0.001). During pacing runs with induction of
      angina DPTI/TTI reached a minimum value 5 s before,and at the onset of angina. No
      such relationship was seen for TTI or DPTI alone. A significant rise in LVEDP (P
      less than 0.05) and fall in dP/dt min (P less than 0.01) occurred at angina both
      contributing to a further reduction in DPTI and DPTI/TTI. Changes in DPTI/TTI may
      then reflect changes in the myocardial blood flow supply/oxygen demand ratio in
      the presence of coronary artery disease and haemodynamic changes before and at
      the induction of angina lead to a further reduction of this ratio.

PMID- 698988
TI  - Static mechanical properties and chemical composition of the aorta of
      spontaneously hypertensive rats: a comparison with the effects of induced
      hypertension.
AB  - The static elastic properties and medial scleroprotein content of the aorta have
      been examined in spontaneously hypertensive rats (AS strain) aged 6 and 20 weeks
      (group SH). The results are compared with data from two previous studies on
      normal (group N) and induced hypertensive animals (group H). Spontaneous
      hypertension is associated with a relative increase in elastin and decrease in
      collagen when compared with the normal aorta. These changes are similar to,
      although smaller in magnitude than, those associated with induced hypertension.
      Elasticity measurements show that the functional stiffness (incremental strain)
      of the aorta in group SH is greater than normal. However, this difference
      diminishes with age, suggesting an adaptive response which tends to maintain the
      functional stiffness near to normal levels.

PMID- 698989
TI  - Significance of epicardial Q waves as an acute marker of myocardial necrosis in
      dogs.
AB  - This study examines the significance of epicardial Q waves as a marker of
      myocardial cell necrosis. Ischaemia was produced in dogs by two methods: coronary
      artery occlusion sustained for 24 h (Group 1) and occlusion for 1 h followed by
      reperfusion (Group 2). Q waves did not appear until after 3 h of sustained
      occlusion, but were present within 40 min of reperfusion. In both groups, Q waves
      were not transient but persisted for at least 24 h. CPK levels were determined at
      24 h in specimens from each lead site. In Group 1, Q sites had 66.6 +/- 5.9%
      (mean +/- SEM) less CPK than R wave sites (P less than 0.005). In Group 2, Q
      sites had only 28.2 +/- 4.5% less CPK than R sites. These results suggest that
      the extent of necrosis was greater at Q sites with sustained occlusion than with
      reperfusion. A similar relationship existed for the levels of ATP and CP
      determined at Q and R sites at 24 h. Histological examination by light and
      electron microscopy confirmed that in both groups, Q sites corresponded to areas
      of necrosis, while R sites indicated normal myocardium. However, the type of
      necrosis depended on the pathogenesis. Our results demonstrated that epicardial Q
      waves were a reliable marker of cell death, but that the morphological picture
      and extent of cell death depended on the mechanism and manner of injury. These
      conclusions were tested in a final series (Group 3) in which propranolol was
      given before and with release of the occlusion (0.5 mg.kg-1 at each time). In 47
      sites at risk, in five dogs only two Q waves appeared. In each of these two, cell
      death was confirmed by evidence of CPK depletion and morphological alteration. In
      the remaining sites, no CPK depletion occurred. Histological examination revealed
      only infrequent small islands of subendocardial necrosis. The results confirm the
      validity of the epicardial electrocardiographic findings and illustrate the role
      of propranolol in preventing reperfusion necrosis.

PMID- 698990
TI  - Use of chronically-implanted ultrasonic crystals in the intact heart of the cat.
AB  - Methodology has been developed for utilising ultrasonic crystals in closed chest
      cats to measure alterations in regional left ventricular function. The technique
      is a modification of one previously utilised to monitor regional left ventricular
      length and thickness changes in closed chest dogs. The ultrasonic crystals we
      have utilised in the cat heart can monitor regional left ventricular epicardial
      length changes chronically and are able to identify changes in inotropic state
      produced by the administration of either isoprenaline or propranolol. These
      ultrasonic crystals should be useful in the acute and chronic monitoring of left
      ventricular function in closed chest and relatively small experimental animals
      that might be studied in a variety of different protocols.

PMID- 698991
TI  - Alterations in brain serotonin during congestive heart failure in the
      cardiomyopathic Syrian hamster.
AB  - Serotonin and its major metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were measured in
      the pons-medulla, midbrain, posterior hypothalamus, anterior hypothalamus,
      thalamus, and cerebellum of cardiomyopathic hamsters and their age-matched
      controls during the early and terminal stages of the cardiomyopathy. During the
      stage of cardiac decompensation, significant increases were observed in the
      concentration of serotonin in pons-medulla (2.30 +/- 0.07 vs 1.74 +/- 0.04; P
      less than 0.001) and posterior hypothalamus (3.49 +/- 0.04 vs. 3.04 +/- 0.11; P
      less than 0.005) and in 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in pons-medulla (1.42 +/- 0.05
      vs 0.97 +/- 0.05; P less than 0.001) and posterior hypothalamus (1.65 +/- 0.02 vs
      1.32 +/- 0.07; P less than 0.001). No changes were noted in any of the brain
      regions of control animals. We conclude that congestive heart failure may be
      associated with alterations in activity of bulbohypothalamic serotonergic nerves.

PMID- 698992
TI  - [Congenital coronary artery defects and ischaemic disease of the myocardium. A
      population teratology contribution to the problem of myocardial infarction
      prevention (author's transl)].

PMID- 698993
TI  - [Correction of erythrocyte sedimentation rate according to haematocrit (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 698994
TI  - [Indicators of body-iron saturation in anemic individuals].

PMID- 698996
TI  - [Computer program for cumulative processing of acid-base balance data (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 698995
TI  - [Osmolality changes during intensive care. Influenced by infusions of hypertonic
      solutions (author's transl)].

PMID- 698997
TI  - [Experience with diagnosing phenylalanine metabolism prior to marriage (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 698998
TI  - [The Saldin-Noonan syndrome].

PMID- 698999
TI  - [Rabies in Europe].

PMID- 699000
TI  - [Outlook of oncology in Czechoslovakia up to the year 2000].

PMID- 699001
TI  - [Bilateral mammary carcinomas (author's transl)].

PMID- 699002
TI  - [Preoperative micromorphological diagnosis or bronchogenic Carcinoma--experience
      of ten years (author's transl)].

PMID- 699003
TI  - [Immunological followup of BCG therapy in malignant diseases].

PMID- 699004
TI  - [Reliability of hyperlipidemia indices during the screening for subjects at risk.
      Cholesterol and triglyceride levels in relation to age and sex].

PMID- 699005
TI  - [Antigen of hepatitis B determined by the technique of radioimmunoanalysis in
      different sorts of blood preparation. Prevention. prevention of hepatitis B
      transmission during their application (author's transl)].

PMID- 699006
TI  - [Prevention of hepatitis B in laboratory work].

PMID- 699007
TI  - [Clinical significance of transmissible resistance to antibiotics (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 699008
TI  - [Varicella in deficient cellular immunity].

PMID- 699009
TI  - [Aspergillus complications in hepatic coma (author's transl)].

PMID- 699010
TI  - [Prophylactic administration of impulsin to clinically healthy children.--effect
      on the serum proteins and metabolic activity of granulocytes (author's transl)].

PMID- 699011
TI  - [Magnetically altered and polarized water].

PMID- 699012
TI  - Early development of noradrenaline-containing sympathetic nerves in the choroid
      plexus system of the rabbit.
AB  - The development of the adrenergic sympathetic innervation of the rabbit choroid
      plexus system was studied prenatally and up to two months after birth by a
      combination of fluorescence histochemistry (formaldehyde and glyoxylic acid
      methods) and quantitative enzymatic determinations of noradrenaline. The first
      signs of adrenergic nerves are found in the plexus of the third ventricle within
      the first day after birth. Fluorescent fibres subsequently appear in the choroid
      plexuses of the lateral ventricles (five days post partum) and the fourth
      ventricle (two weeks post partum). During the following development nerve fibres
      grow along blood vessels to form a plexus located between small vessels and the
      overlying epithelium. The nerve plexus, with varicose axon terminals, is fully
      developed at three weeks post partum, and maturation is then established by an
      increase in the number of terminals within the network of axons. There is a good
      agreement between (a) the development of the fluorescent nerves and
      histochemically visible adrenergic innervation, and (b) the tissue level of
      noradrenaline in the various choroid plexuses. Against the background of
      available information on the development of the secretory functions in choroid
      plexus, it is concluded that possibilities for a sympathetic neurogenic influence
      on the formation of cerebrospinal fluid exist already a few weeks after birth.

PMID- 699013
TI  - The T-tubule system in the myocardia of the sand rat and mouse as demonstrated by
      horseradish peroxidase.
AB  - The transverse tubule (T-tubule) system in papillary muscles of the sand rat and
      the mouse were studied with the aid of a diffusion tracer (horseradish
      peroxidase). The T-tubule system in the sand rat showed a typical mammalian
      pattern with sarcolemmal tubules invaginating at the Z-band level of the
      sarcomere. These tubules follow a transverse direction in the cell with frequent
      longitudinal side-branches which connect tubules at different Z-band levels. In
      the mouse myocardium, the T-tubules also start as lateral invaginations from the
      sarcolemma at the Z-band levels. In the cell interior, however, the tubules
      ramify and brake up into a complicated system of spirally running tubules. These
      spirals, of relative small diameter (400A--700A), frequently expand and form
      lobulated cisternae at the Z-band levels.

PMID- 699014
TI  - Types of endocrine cells in the human colon and rectum.
AB  - At least four types of endocrine-like cells have been detected histochemically in
      the mucosa of the human colon and rectum, i.e. argentaffin cells storing 5
      hydroxytryptamine (5HT) and non-argentaffin cells reacting with glucagon,
      somatostatin and bovine pancreatic peptide (BPP) antibodies. Ultrastructurally,
      four main types and three rare types of endocrine-like cells have been
      identified. Among the former cells were: (1) argentaffin EC1 cells, known to
      store 5HT and substance P, (2) poorly argyrophil L cells, corresponding to the
      glucagon-immunoreactive cells storing enteroglucagon or glucagon-like
      immunoreactivity (GLl), (3) inconstantly argyrophil F-like cells, possibly
      corresponding to BPP-immunoreactive cells, and (4) fairly argyrophil H cells of
      unknown function. Rare D cells, corresponding to somatostatin cells, N cells,
      corresponding to neurotensin cells, and P cells, of unknown function, have been
      also found.

PMID- 699015
TI  - Sequential differentiation of intestinal endocrine cells in the fetal mouse.
AB  - The duodenum and ileum of 15 to 18-day old Swiss ICR mouse embryos were studied
      with the electron microscope to follow the differentiation of endocrine cells.
      Endocrine cells were classified on purely morphological characteristics. EC cells
      appeared at 16 days of gestation in both segments. At the same stage G cells were
      seen in the duodenum and K cells in the ileum. ECL, and S cells were identified
      in the duodenum at 17 days. Finally, D cells were seen at 18 days of gestation in
      the duodenum and ileum. With the electron microscope, endocrine cells were not
      identified in the small intestine of the mouse before the formation of villi.

PMID- 699016
TI  - Catharanthine: a novel stimulator of pancreatic enzyme release.
AB  - The plant alkaloid, catharanthine, was shown to stimulate release of amylase from
      pancreatic fragments and to cause extensive degranulation of pancreatic acinar
      cells with accumulation of membrane material in the Golgi region. The extent and
      time course of maximal catharanthine stimulation was comparable to that induced
      by the cholinergic analog bethanechol. Antimycin inhibited the action of
      catharanthine while atropine did not. Removal of Ca2+ from the incubation medium
      inhibited amylase release induced by catharanthine but did not affect release
      induced by bethanechol. Catharanthine induced a delayed release of 45Ca2+ from
      prelabeled pancreatic fragments as compared to bethanechol. It is suggested
      therefore that catharanthine activates the physiological pathway controlling
      amylase release by causing a rise in cytoplasmic Ca2+ but the mechanism by which
      this occurs is different from that caused by physiological secretagogues.

PMID- 699017
TI  - Influence of autonomic denervation upon the kinetics of the ileal epithelium of
      the rat.
AB  - The effect of autonomic denervation upon the kinetics of the ileal epithelium of
      rats was studied by tracing 3H-thymidine labelled nuclei and counting mitotic
      figures and goblet cells. Counts of labelled nuclei and goblet cells provided
      information about cell migration along the intestinal epithelium. The mitotic
      index and turnover time of this population were calculated from the mitotic
      figures counts. Comparing denervated animals with sham operated controls, it was
      possible to conclude that autonomic denervation, either sympathectomy or
      parasympathectomy results in a decrease in mitotic activity. As a result of lower
      mitotic activity in the crypts, the turnover time increases and there is a delay
      in the migration of cells from the crypts towards the villi. Sympathectomy causes
      an early short-lived effect upon the kinetics of the crypt cell population, since
      after 27h there is a tendency to normality. Parasympathectomy produces a slower
      but continuous decline in mitotic activity.

PMID- 699018
TI  - An autoradiographic study on the biosynthesis of the capillary basal lamina in
      the chick embryo telencephalon.
AB  - The elaboration of the basal lamina of telencephalic capillaries has been studied
      by autoradiography in chick embryos from day 16 to 19 of incubation. The cerebral
      vascular basal lamina is actively synthesized during the period of these stages
      of development. The animals were sacrificed 2, 15, 40 and 180 min after
      intravenous injection of 3H-proline. The hydroxylation of proline to
      hydroxyproline in the "secretory" cells permits their identification. Our
      observations suggest that endothelial cells, pericytes and perhaps glial cells
      participate in this elaboration. The various stages of the synthesis are
      performed sequentially in the ergastoplasm and then in the Golgi apparatus before
      the secretory material is released by exocytosis.

PMID- 699019
TI  - Contractile vacuoles in cells of a fresh water sponge, Spongilla lacustris.
AB  - Forty or more independently functioning contractile vacuoles (CVs) occupy the
      central region of fresh water sponge pinacocytes. Eash CV undergoes a cycle of
      enlargement by fusion, movement, shape change, rounding up, and emptying over the
      course of 5--30 min. Diameter at discharge varies between 1 and 13 micron. CVs in
      all cell types are associated with submicroscopic coated vesicles. Filled CVs are
      bounded by an unmodified trilaminar membrane, but vacuoles with excess membrane
      frequently show coated evaginations. These evaginations are thought to pinch off
      as coated vesicles, providing an avenue for membrane recycling in the CV system.

PMID- 699020
TI  - An ultrastructural study of periderm granules in the regenerating feather of the
      jungle fowl.
AB  - Periderm granules in the support cells of regenerating feathers of mature male
      Jungle Fowls were studied ultrastructurally and histochemically. Histochemical
      results showed the absence of carbohydrate and lipid, and the presence of protein
      in the periderm granules. The periderm granules were measured at successive
      levels of feather regeneration. The mean size of the periderm granules increased
      significantly as the regenerating feather matured, and this observation was
      suggestive of a storage function, perhaps of surplus of waste protein. The cells
      in which the periderm granules are found also contain glycogen. There are
      numerous desmosomal junctions on their interdigitating plasma membranes. These
      transient cells may collect waste, provide nutrition, and serve as a protective
      barrier for the definitive cells of the regenerating feather.

PMID- 699021
TI  - A further type of transient cytoplasmic organelle in human spermatids.
AB  - Osmiophilic granules with surrounding vesicles resembling flower-like structures
      occur transiently during the differentiation of human spermatids. These
      organelles are incorporated into the residual bodies when mature spermatids are
      released from the germinal epithelium.

PMID- 699022
TI  - Evidence for the zonation of interrenal tissue in the adrenal gland of the duck
      (Anas platyrhynchos).
AB  - Although interrenal tissue from the intact duck does not show a clear zonation
      when examined by light microscopy, the tissue does develop a well defined
      zonation following exposure to high and low levels of corticotropic stimulation.
      Under these conditions clear ultrastructural differences are seen between cells
      of the subcapsular  zone (SCZ) and the inner zone (IZ). Based on these
      observations, the ultrastructure of tissue from intact birds was examined
      retrospectively and in addition, cell sizes and the relative volumes and areas of
      intracellular components were measured morphometrically. These analyses reveal
      morphological and quantitative differences between cells from the IZ and the SCZ.
      Cells of the IZ have small rounded nuclei, extensive smooth endoplasmic reticulum
      (SER) and mitochondria with tubular cristae, whereas cells from the SCZ contain
      pleomorphic nuclei, less SER and mitochondria with shelf-like cristae. The mean
      cell volume in the IZ is significantly less than that in the SCZ. In the SCZ
      cells the volume densities (volume per unit volume cytoplasm) of mitochondria and
      lipid droplets and the surface densities (area per unit volume cytoplasm) of the
      outer mitochondrial membranes are significantly greater than those in IZ cells.
      Conversely, in the cells of the IZ the volume densities of the nuclei and dense
      bodies and the surface density of the SER are greater than the corresponding
      values estimated for the cells of the SCZ. Although the mitochondria comprise a
      smaller fraction of the mean volume of IZ cells than SCZ cells, the total surface
      area of the cristae is approximately the same in the cells of both zones.

PMID- 699023
TI  - Light and electron microscopy of the ducts and their subepithelial tissue in the
      rat ventral prostate.
AB  - The ducts of the rat ventral prostate have been studied by light and electron
      microscopy for elucidation of their role in prostatic function. The epithelium of
      the main duct consists of simple columnar cells and polymorphic basal cells. The
      columnar cells show no indication of secretory activity. The basal cells contain
      bundles of filaments of 5--6 nm thickness and numerous pinocytotic vesicles. The
      ducts are surrounded by layers of circular smooth muscle cells interspersed with
      nerve axons. On ultrastructural grounds the ducts do not appear to secrete
      material into the seminal fluid, but apparently the muscular coat actively helps
      drain the gland during ejaculation.

PMID- 699024
TI  - Studies on the ultrastructure and permeability of the hemotrichorial placenta. I.
      Intercellular junctions of layer I and tracer administration into the maternal
      compartment.
AB  - The distribution of lanthanum chloride and horseradish peroxidase within the full
      term chorioallantoic placenta of the rat was investigated 1 to 20 min after
      administration of these tracers into the maternal blood circulation. Both tracers
      rapidly penetrate trophoblastic layer I and diffuse into the interspace between
      layers I and II. They are localized in extensive infoldings and caveolae of the
      outer surface of layer II. The syncytial character of layer II is confirmed at
      this development stage of the placenta. There is no vesicular uptake or
      penetration beyond layer II until 20 min after tracer administration. Our results
      indicate that trophoblastic layer II is the main barrier in the chorioallantoic
      rat placenta preventing the permeation of macromolecules from maternal to fetal
      compartments. With freeze-fracturing, particulate strutures of variable
      arrangement and size are found between adjacent cells of layer I. With
      goniometric analysis small gaps between the appositions of the membrane are
      observed. These structures are interpreted as tight and/or gap junctions during
      stages of assembly or disassembly.

PMID- 699025
TI  - Studies on the ultrastructure and permeability of the hemotrichorial placenta.
      II. Fetal capillaries and tracer administration into the fetal blood circulation.
AB  - The distribution of horseradish peroxidase and lanthanum chloride within the full
      term chorioallantoic placenta of the rat was examined after administration of
      these tracers into the umbilical artery. Both tracers rapidly traverse the
      capillary endothelium. Transendothelial channels, fenestrations and
      micropinocytotic vesicles provide the main pathways. Intercellular clefts which
      are either patent or interrupted by leaky intercellular junctions, also
      contribute to a rapid passage of low and high molecular weight substances. Deep
      channel-like invaginations, effecting an increase of the exchange area of layer
      III, are freely accessible to the tracers from the interspace between the
      capillary endothelium and trophoblastic layer III. The invaginations, however,
      are not in continuity with the interspace between layers II and III, verifying
      the syncytial character of layer III. Neither an uptake of the tracers nor a
      passage across layer III is observed. The main permeability barrier to feto
      maternal transfer within the chorioallantoic placenta is localized in the
      syncytiotrophoblastic layer III. This layer controls the passage of low molecular
      weight substances and restricts the penetration of high molecular weight
      substances.

PMID- 699026
TI  - Intra- and extrahypothalamic vasopressin and oxytocin pathways in the rat.
      Pathways to the limbic system, medulla oblongata and spinal cord.
AB  - Vasopressin and oxytocin pathways were specifically localized in glutaraldehyde
      paraformaldehyde fixed rat brains, with the use of the unlabelled antibody enzyme
      method and purification of the first antiserum. Vasopressin and oxytocin
      containing pathways were traced from the paraventricular nucleus towards the
      dorsal and ventral hippocampus, the nuclei of the amygdala, substantia nigra and
      substantia grisea, nucleus tractus solitarius, nucleus ambiguus and to the
      substantia gelatinosa of the spinal cord. In addition, a vasopressin containing
      pathway between the suprachiasmatic nucleus and the lateral habenular nucleus was
      demonstrated. The possible nature (axons or dendrites) and role of these
      extrahypothalamic fibres is discussed in relation to water balance, milk ejection
      and avoidance behaviour.

PMID- 699027
TI  - Studies on bone marrow histogenesis: morphometric and autoradiographic studies of
      regeneration marrow stroma in extramedullary autoimplants and after evacuation of
      marrow cavity.
AB  - The marrow cavity of the rat tibia was mechanically evacuated and autoimplanted
      to the subcutaneous tissue. The regenerative process which restored the integrity
      of marrow stroma and hemopoiesis, was morphometrically evaluated in whole mount
      of tibia. Following evacuation, the clot filled the cavity. The granulation
      tissue then appeared and expanded, penetrating and replacing the clot. The
      fibroblasts of the granulation tissue differentiated into osteoblasts forming
      osteoid bone. Within its interstices, the primordial marrow consisting of loose
      connective tissue and vascular sinuses appeared and hemopoiesis resumed.
      Expansion of hemopoiesis resulted in the resorption of bone and within three
      weeks the tibial cavity was restored to the pre-evacuation state. Autoradiography
      indicated that the labeling index was initially high in fibroblasts and
      osteoblasts but was subsequently reduced while it increased in osteocytes, cells
      of Haversian canals, stromal and hemopoietic cells of marrow. The finding is in
      disagreement with the view that the regenerative process originates from the
      Haversian canal. When the label was introduced on day 4 post-operatively, it
      subsequently appeared in osteocytes, cells of Haversian canal, stromal elements
      of the marrow, but not in the hemopoietic cells. This indicates complete
      dissociation of marrow stroma and hemopoietic stem cell.

PMID- 699028
TI  - Ultrastructure of venules in the cat brain.
AB  - Intracerebral venules of the cat were examined to establish criteria for a
      distinct separation between the venous and arterial system, and to characterize,
      in greater detail, the mural construction of individual venules. The
      intracerebral venules compared with those of other organs. Venules do not have a
      vascular wall composed clearly of endothelium, media, and adventitia, as is
      characteristic of arteries and arterioles. The venous endothlium has a similar
      structure to that of capillaries. The periendothelial cells of the venule differ
      in shape depending on the vascular diameter. The number of periendothelial cell
      processes in postcapillary venules increases progressively. Segments in which the
      basal lamina of the endothelium merges with that of the glia cover a smaller
      portion of the circumference than in venous capillary loops. In collecting
      venules, the endothelium is almost completely enveloped by periendothelial cells
      which have a larger number of filaments. There are no typical smooth muscle cells
      in the intracerebral venules. The perivascular space becomes wider in collecting
      venules, contains adventitial cells, phagocytes and a great number of collagen
      fibers.

PMID- 699029
TI  - Ependyma and ependymal protrusions of the lateral ventricles of the rabbit brain.
AB  - The ependymal lining of the lateral ventricles of the rabbit brain was studied by
      means of scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). There exist
      cells devoid of cilia in the anterior horn over the region of the caudate
      nucleus, in the inferior horn over the hippocampus and on the opposite side over
      cortical regions. On the surface of some of these ependymal cells, accumulations
      of cytoplasmic folds and globules can be found. They bulge at different height
      over the ependymal cells. Clots of these cell particles are tied off from the
      cell, coming to lie as globules either on or between the cilia of the ependyma.
      TEM reveals that these protrusions are cell debris consisting of different sized
      vesicles, cell organelles, tubuli and cell filaments. They originate from the
      ependymal layer but may reach down to subependymal cells. Multivesicular
      protrusions into the ventricular lumen are also observed. Possible causes of
      these protrusions are discussed; they are likely to be related to the age of the
      animals. On the ependyma of the caudate nucleus cilia, microvilli, microblebs and
      supraependymal neuronal cell processes are distributed unevenly over the surface.
      Within regions where cilia predominate there are cells which are tightly covered
      with microvilli. A certain direction of the course of the supraependymal neuronal
      fibers could not be found.

PMID- 699031
TI  - Cross-contamination of thermal burn patients from poor bathing procedures.

PMID- 699030
TI  - The effect of sex hormones on the proximal tubules in the rat kidney.
AB  - The three segments (S1, S2, S3) of the proximal tubule of the rat kidney were
      investigated, with special reference to lysosomes, after castration, estradiol
      application, and at the end of pregnancy. Especially in S1 and S2 castration
      induces an increase of cellular autophagy. The nuclei become smaller; endoplasmic
      reticulum (ER), ribosomes, and Golgi apparatus are reduced; catabolism
      predominates. In S1 more giant lysosomes occur; the total number of lysosomes
      increases whereas acid phosphatase activity decreases at the same time. Sex
      differences which exist in untreated animals disappear. Substitution with
      estradiol causes an activation of the proximal tubule cells: Heterophagy
      predominates, and cellular autophagy is reduced. Nuclear size is unchanged; ER,
      ribosomes and Golgi apparatus show a clear increase. Giant lysosomes are absent
      in S1. On the whole lysosomes are larger, but less numerous than after
      castration. Acid phosphatase is highly active. All changes are most evident in
      S3. At the end of pregnancy the proximal tubule cells are "stressed"
      considerably: Pinocytotic activity increases, and large numbers of cell
      organelles and many lipid vacuoles can be observed. The basal lamina in S1 and S2
      becomes thicker. Lysosomes enlarge and increase in number in all segments; giant
      lysosomes are absent in S1; acid phosphatase is extremely high. The results
      indicate that sex hormones directly influence the regulation of the proximal
      tubule cell; moreover, they are indirectly important for the functioning of the
      kidney via changes in the whole organism.

PMID- 699032
TI  - Scrofula: "the king's evil".

PMID- 699033
TI  - Sibantubanye Day Centre.

PMID- 699034
TI  - Aspects of rural health VII: psychiatric services.

PMID- 699035
TI  - Nucleotide sequence of turnip yellow mosaic virus coat protein mRNA.
AB  - The primary structure of the coat protein messenger RNA of turnip yellow mosaic
      virus is presented. This sequence is the first complete nucleotide sequence of
      the coat protein messenger of a plant virus to be reported. The coding region,
      consisting of 567 nucleotides, is flanked by a 5' noncoding region of 19
      nucleotides (not including the initiation codon and the cap structure) and by a
      3' noncoding region of 109 nucleotides (including the termination signal). The
      coat protein mRNA has a base composition identical to that of the genome RNA
      with, in particular, the same high content in cytosine (38%). The codons that
      govern the incorporation of amino acids into the coat protein are nonrandomly
      utilized: is greater than 50% of the time the third base of the codons used is a
      cytosine. This pattern of codon preference is particularly marked for Leu, lle
      Val, Thr and Cys.

PMID- 699036
TI  - The incorporation of uracil into animal cell DNA in vitro.
AB  - In the presence of dUTP, net DNA synthesis in vitro is substantially reduced.
      Small DNA fragments that arise during in vitro DNA synthesis in the presence of
      dUTP are produced as a result of dUMP incorporation and subsequent post
      replication excision repair process initiated by uracil-DNA-glycosylase. The size
      of the fragments is dependent upon the amount of dUMP incorporated, but unlike
      the normal 4S intermediates of DNA synthesis, these repair products are not
      precursors to high molecular weight DNA but are further degraded. The high levels
      of dUTPase as well as the presence of RNA primers on most nascent DNA pieces
      (Tseng and Goulian, 1977) suggest that repair of uracil-containing DNA does not
      contribute to the generation of the small, nascent DNA pieces found during DNA
      synthesis in this in vitro system.

PMID- 699037
TI  - Fractionation of hen oviduct chromatin into transcriptionally active and inactive
      regions after selective micrococcal nuclease digestion.

PMID- 699038
TI  - Organization of human delta--and beta-globin genes in cellular DNA and the
      presence of intragenic inserts.
AB  - We have analyzed human cellular DNA for its delta--and beta-globin gene sequence
      content by separation of restriction enzyme fragments by agarose gel
      electrophoresis; transfer of the DNA fragments to nitrocellulose filters;
      hybridization of filters with 32P--beta-globin cDNA; and analysis by
      autoradiography. A short cDNA has been used to identify specifically the 3' end
      of the genes and to orient the fragments. A comparison of the globin gene
      fragments generated by normal and Lepore DNA has been used to distinguish
      fragments representing DNA sequences between the delta and beta genes and those
      containing sequences flanking either 5' to the delta gene or 3' to the beta gene.
      The results indicate that unique restriction fragments are presented in normal
      DNA and absent in Lepore DNA, and allow preliminary ordering of these fragments
      on a restriction enzyme map. In addition, the Lepore, delta--and beta-globin
      genes have been found to contain at least one inserted nucleotide sequence of
      about 1000 bases which is not represented in mature globin mRNA.

PMID- 699039
TI  - Sea urchin nuclei use RNA polymerase II to transcribe discrete histone RNAs
      larger than messengers.
AB  - RNA transcribed in isolated sea urchin nuclei and assayed by hybridization to
      histone genes cloned in E. coli contains sequences homologous to each of the five
      histone genes. Histone RNA is synthesized exclusively from the same DNA strand
      which is the template in vivo. Synthesis of the histone gene transcripts is
      sensitive to alpha-amanitin concentrations which inhibit RNA polymerase II
      activity. The fraction of histone RNA synthesized in vitro is comparable at two
      developmental stages to the fraction synthesized in vivo. The nuclear histone
      transcripts contain sequences homologous to spacer DNA regions present between
      the coding regions of the 6500 base pair (bp) histone gene repeat unit. The
      transcription of spacer sequences was demonstrated by hybridization of the
      nuclear transcripts to subcloned spacer DNA. Although the bulk of the RNA
      transcripts are greater than 2000 bases long, the histone-specific transcripts
      are of discrete sizes ranging from 100 bases to about 1100 bases long. Each
      histone gene hybridizes with at least one of the larger transcripts and with a
      different subset of smaller RNAs. We do not detect any giant polycistronic
      transcript spanning the entire histone repeat unit.

PMID- 699040
TI  - Synthesis of H1 histones by BHK cells in G1.
AB  - The synthesis of histones and DNA was examined in BHK cells arrested in G1 by
      isoleucine starvation and in cells progressing into the S phase upon isoleucine
      refeeding. Approximately 2-3% of the cells were not arrested in G1 and
      synthesized DNA. The rate of synthesis of DNA and nucleosomal histones observed
      in cells starved for isoleucine could be accounted for by the presence of these
      asynchronous cells. Synthesis of H1 histones by cells in G1, however, was 3 times
      that of the nucleosomal histones and approximately 15% of the rate of H1 histone
      synthesis in mid-S. Upon entry into S, the histones were synthesized in the same
      molar ratio in which they are present in chromatin. The possible biological
      significance of H1 histone synthesis in G1 cells and its implications for the
      regulatory mechanisms controlling histome synthesis are discussed.

PMID- 699041
TI  - Specific representation of cloned repetitive DNA sequences in sea urchin RNAs.
AB  - Nine cloned repetitive sequences were labeled, strands-separated and individually
      hybridized with RNA extracted from the nuclei of gastrula stage sea urchin
      embryos and of adult sea urchin intestine cells. The concentration of transcripts
      complementary to each cloned sequence was measured by RNA excess hybridization
      kinetics and by a DNA excess titration method. Transcripts of certain of the
      repeat families are present at over 100 times the concentration of transcripts of
      other families in each RNA. The set of repetitive sequence families highly
      represented in intestine nuclear RNA is different from that highly represented in
      gastrula nuclear RNA. Together with the results obtained with mature oocyte RNA
      and presented in the accompanying paper by Costantini et al. (1978), these
      findings show that quantitative patterns of repetitive sequence representation in
      RNA are specific to each cell type. Both strands of all of the nine cloned
      repeats are represented at some level in all the RNAs studied. Usually, though
      not always, the concentration of transcripts complementary to the two strands of
      each repeat do not differ by more than a factor of two. The cloned tracers do not
      react with polysomal messenger RNA, and the nuclear RNA molecules with which they
      hybridize are many times larger than the repetitive sequences themselves.

PMID- 699042
TI  - Low molecular weight RNAs hydrogen-bonded to nuclear and cytoplasmic poly(A)
      terminated RNA from cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells.
AB  - A group of RNAs 90--100 nucleotides long were isolated by melting them from
      poly(A)-terminated nuclear or cytoplasmic RNA from cultured Chinese hamster ovary
      cells. Conditions that favor hydrogen bond formation allowed the reassociation of
      these low molecular weight RNAs with poly(A)-terminated RNA. The nuclear poly(A)
      terminated molecules contained 1.3 moles of the low molecular weight RNAs per
      mole of poly(A), while the cytoplasmic poly(A)-terminated RNA contained only one
      seventh as much. These low molecular weight RNAs were also isolated from the
      total 4S RNA of either the nucleus or cytoplasm by polyacrylamide gel
      electrophoresis. They formed a prominantly labeled band of RNA in the gels after
      cells had been labeled with H(3)32PO4 for 4 hr. The low molecular weight RNAs
      melted from the nuclear poly(A)-terminated RNA were slightly different (although
      not necessarily in primary nucleotide sequence) from those melted from the
      cytoplasmic poly(A)-terminated RNA.

PMID- 699043
TI  - Regulation of gene expression by site-specific inversion.
AB  - A site-specific inversion event is responsible for phase transition in
      Salmonella, as indicated by heteroduplex analysis of recombinant molecules
      carrying the gene coding for H2 flagellin in Salmonella. The inversion region
      corresponds to approximately 800 base pairs in length, and the inversion process
      does not appear to be dependent upon the E. coli RecA recombination pathway.
      Specific deletion derivatives of the cloned fragments no longer produce H2
      specific flagella, effectively mapping the H2 gene within about 300 bp of the
      inversion region. Recombinant products of the hybrid molecules arose
      spontaneously, and they were used in the mapping of restriction sites within the
      inversion region. The restriction maps further demonstrate the extent and nature
      of the inversion.

PMID- 699044
TI  - One molecule of diphtheria toxin fragment A introduced into a cell can kill the
      cell.
AB  - Erythrocyte ghosts containing a known number of molecules of purified fragment A
      of diphtheria toxin with a constant amount of FITC-BSA as a fluorescence marker
      were prepared by dialyzing a mixture of erythrocytes and these substances against
      hypotonic solution. These substances were then introduced into diphtheria toxin
      resistant mouse L cells by virus-mediated cell fusion of the cells with the
      ghosts, and mononuclear recipients that has fused with only one erythrocyte ghost
      were separated in a flourescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) on the basis of
      their cell size and fluorescence intensity. After separation, the viability of
      cells containing known numbers of fragment A was examined by measuring colony
      forming ability. The results demonstrated that a single molecule of fragment A
      was sufficient to kill a cell. This fact was confirmed by introduction into cells
      of fragment A from an immunologically related mutant toxin, CRM 176 (fragment
      A176); this has a completely functional fragment B region, but in cell extracts,
      the enzymic activity of its fragment A is about 10 fold less than that of wild
      toxin. The cytotoxicity of CRM 176 is about two hundredths of that of the wild
      type (Uchida, Pappenheimer and Greany, 1973). As expected, about 100-200 fold
      excess of fragment A-176 was needed to kill the cells.

PMID- 699045
TI  - Analysis of the beta-delta-globin gene loci in normal and Hb Lepore DNA: direct
      determination of gene linkage and intergene distance.
AB  - Total human DNA was cleaved with a variety of restriction enzymes, and the
      fragments were fractionated by gel electrophoresis and transferred to
      nitrocellulose filter strips. The restricted DNA was then hybridized to nick
      translated radioactive recombinant plasmid DNA containing sequences derived from
      human beta-globin messenger RNA. Under suitable conditions, this probe hybridizes
      with both the beta--and delta-globin genes. Using this probe, a restriction map
      of the human beta--and delta-globin genes and the surrounding genomic DNA regions
      has been constructed. The beta-globin gene contains a nonglobin DNA insert
      approximately 899-1000 base pairs in length, present within the sequence coding
      for amino acids 101-120 of the 146 amino acid long globin polypeptide. A similar
      sequence may be present within the same sequence of the delta-globin gene. The
      distance between the beta--and delta-globin genes is approximately 7000
      nucleotide pairs, and the delta-globin gene is to the 5' side of the beta-globin
      gene, as predicted by genetic evidence. Both genes are transcribed from the same
      DNA strand. The structure of the Hb Lepore gene is shown to be a fused delta--and
      beta-globin gene, and to be completely consistent with the derived map of normal
      beta--and delta-globin genes. [Restriction enzyme nomenclature follows that of
      Smith and Nathans (1973) and Roberts (1976). A genomic DNA restriction fragment
      containing part or all of one globin gene will be designated by that globin chain
      -for instance, the Pst I fragment containing the beta-globin gene sequence will
      be designated Pst I beta. A similar convention will be used for double digests.
      Throughout this paper, when reference is made to the 5' or 3' side or fragment of
      a gene, this refers to the 5' or 3' side of the mRNA coded by that sequence. Thus
      the 5' side (N terminal) of the beta-globulin gene is the sequence to the 5' side
      of the anti-sense strand.].

PMID- 699046
TI  - Human beta-glucuronidase: in vivo clearance and in vitro uptake by a glycoprotein
      recognition system on reticuloendothelial cells.

PMID- 699047
TI  - Recessive male-determining genes.
AB  - The autosomal dominant gene polled (P) causes hornlessness in goats. Chromosomal
      females (XX) that are P/P homozygotes develop testes or ovotestes. Thus with
      respect to its testis-determining properties, P or a closely linked gene acts as
      an autosomal recessive. Polled intersex goats are H-Y+. This finding is
      consistent with the view that there may be a cluster of testis-determining H-Y
      genes on the Y chromosome, and that translocation of a subcritical portion of
      these genes may generate a recessive mode of sex determination.

PMID- 699048
TI  - A possible mammary stem cell line.
AB  - The cell line Rama 25 is derived from a mammary tumor induced in a rat by
      dimethylbenzanthracene. During rapid proliferation, Rama 25 cells appear as a
      single undifferentiated epithelial type; at high cell densities, however, small
      numbers of two other cell types are formed, which respectively resemble secretory
      and myoepithelial cells of the mammary gland, as judged by light and electron
      microscopy and immunofluorescent staining for casein (milk proteins). These
      additional cell types cannot be explained as contaminating cell populations since
      the cell line has been cloned several times; furthermore, the proportion of
      either can be increased by dimethylsulphoxide under different conditions.
      Specific epithelial features are seen by histological and ultrastructural
      examination of tumors formed by Rama 25 cells in immunodeficient mice. A line of
      the myoepithelial-like cells, Rama 29, isolated from a Rama 25 culture by
      cloning, is also described. We propose that the undifferentiated cell type is a
      form of mammary stem cell which can differentiate in culture.

PMID- 699049
TI  - Hemoglobin switching.

PMID- 699050
TI  - The primary sequence of rabbit alpha-globin mRNA.
AB  - The rabbit alpha-globin DNA insertion in the chimeric plasmid pHb 72 (Liu et al.,
      1977) has been sequenced by the method of Maxam and Gilbert (1977). This has
      enabled us to determine the messenger RNA(mRNA) sequence beginning in the 5'
      untranslated region 9 nucleotides before the initiation codon and extending
      through the first 361 nucleotides of the translated region. The data reported
      here overlap and are in complete agreement with sequences determined by Baralle
      (1977) for the 5' end of the mRNA and by Proudfoot et al. (1977) for the 3' end.
      Our sequence is also in agreement with the partial complementary RNA (cRNA)
      sequencing data which we reported previously (Paddock et al., 1977), this work
      marks the completion of the primary sequence of the rabbit alpha-globin mRNA.
      These observations reaffirm the high fidelity with which gene copies can be
      synthesized in vitro, cloned in a bacterial plasmid and maintained in the host.
      The general features of the mRNA nucleotide sequence are duscussed with
      particular attention given to the base composition and codon preferences observed
      and to comparison of this sequence with other completed mRNA gene sequences. A
      new computer program has been used to search for the most stable base-pairing
      arrangement of the completed mRNA.

PMID- 699051
TI  - Post-meiotic gene activity in spermatogenesis of the mouse.
AB  - Mouse male germ cells at middle-late pachytene and early spermatid stages
      obtained by velocity sedimentation at unit gravity in albumin gradients were
      labelled in culture with [3H]uridine. The newly synthesized RNAs extracted from
      polysomes of the 2 cell types were studied by sucrose gradient fractionation and
      poly(U) Sepharose chromatography. The results showed that round spermatids, as
      well as pachytene spermatocytes, synthesize both ribosomal and polyadenylated RNA
      molecules. Since these latter are engaged in polysomes they are presumably active
      messenger RNA molecules.

PMID- 699052
TI  - Cell surface modifications in neuronal maturation.
AB  - Changes in carbohydrate composition of the cell surface related to neuronal
      maturation have been studied on neuroblastoma and embryonic dorsal root ganglia
      (DRG) cultures by using fluorescein conjugated lectins. In neuroblastoma cells,
      it has been found that the surface of the fibers differs from that of the cell
      body as shown by concanavalin A (Con A) and WGA binding. In primary cultures of
      embryonic DRG, lectin binding has also shown that the neuron surface undergoes
      changes during maturation. In fact, lectin binding which is absent at early
      stages (5--6 day old embryos) becomes first detectable at the 7th day and then
      increases progressively. At day 7, the Con A binding pattern resembles that
      observed in neuroblastoma cells. The possibility of correlating these surface
      changes with cell adhesive properties and cell differentiation is discussed.

PMID- 699053
TI  - DNA-dependent DNA polymerase species in male germ cells of the mouse.
AB  - Quasi-homogeneous fractions of male mouse germ cells at definite stages of
      meiosis and spermiogenesis were obtained by using a separation method based on
      sedimentation velocity in an albumin gradient. In the various cell types, the
      total DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity was determined, and the major
      enzymatic forms were characterized. The DNA polymerase species present in
      premeiotic, meiotic and post-meiotic cells were analyzed by glycerol gradient
      sedimentation. Two types of DNA polymerase were identified in fractions enriched
      in spermatogonia and preleptotene spermatocytes. One showed a sedimentation
      coefficient of about 7.5 S and was sensitive to N-ethylmaleimide (NEM); the other
      exhibited a sedimentation coefficient between 3 and 4 S and was resistant to NEM.
      On the basis of their sedimentation coefficients, their sensitivity to NEM and
      their template specificities, these 2 enzymes were identified respectively as
      alpha and beta DNA polymerases as reported in mammals. The gradient analysis
      performed on fractions enriched in meiotic and post-meiotic cells revealed the
      presence of DNA polymerase beta only. A quantitative analysis showed that the
      activity of the DNA polymerase beta reaches a maximum at middle-late pachytene
      stage and then drops gradually during spermiogenesis. Although any conclusion as
      to the biological role of this high level of DNA polymerase activity in pachytene
      spermatocytes is premature, it is tempting to suggest that this enzyme is
      involved in meiotic recombination.

PMID- 699054
TI  - Effects of estradiol on early messenger RNA in male Xenopus laevis liver.
AB  - Cytoplasmic RNA isolated from male Xenopus liver between 1 and 6 h of hormone
      treatment was separated into distinct classes by Sepharose 4B chromatography.
      Assay of the mRNA activity of these RNA species in the wheat germ cell-free
      system demonstrated 2 populations of mRNA activity (peak 2 and peak 3). The
      activity of 1 population of mRNA (peak 2) was inducible by estradiol while the
      other (peak 3) remained unaltered for at least 6 h. mRNAs obtained by Sepharose
      4B chromatography were also translated in the Xenopus oocyte. The translation
      products were analyzed by Sephadex chromatography and SDS-gel electrophoresis.

PMID- 699055
TI  - The lack of an inhibitory effect of hyaluronate on chondrogenesis in chick limb
      bud mesoderm cells grown in culture.
AB  - The effect of hyaluronate on chondrogenesis in cultures of chick limb-bud
      mesoderm cells, derived from stage 20--21, 23--24 and 26 embryos grown at
      different cell densities and in 3 different culture media, was studied. The
      results show that hyaluronate at a concentration of 500 microgram/ml, does not
      consistently produce an inhibition of chondrogenesis in cultures of stage 20--21,
      23--24 or 26 limb-bud mesoderm cells in contrast to what has been reported by
      Toole et al. (1972). It was demonstrated that under optimal conditions, stage 26
      cells grown in the absence of hyaluronate do not form as many cartilage colonies
      in culture as do cells from stage 20--21 or 23--24 embryos. It was determined
      that culture medium composed of Eagle's MEM supplemented with 7% horse serum, 3%
      fetal calf serum and 5% 10-day chick embryo extract supported chondrogenesis
      significantly better than Ham's F-12 supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum. Our
      results suggest that the inhibition of chondrogenesis by hyaluronate reported
      earlier is most likely due to the sub-optimal conditions of growth medium, cell
      density and embryonic stage than to the hyaluronate treatment.

PMID- 699056
TI  - A possible role of prostaglandins in the inhibition of natural and antibody
      dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity against tumor cells.

PMID- 699057
TI  - Lysis of antibody-coated human red cells by peripheral blood monomuclear cells:
      altered effector cell profile after treatment of target cells with enzymes.

PMID- 699058
TI  - Dialyzable factor(s) of fetal calf serum responsible for mouse erythrocyte
      rosette formation: "rosetting factor(s)

PMID- 699059
TI  - Identification of the principal cell type yielding immune RNA capable of
      transferring tumor-specific cellular cytotoxicity.

PMID- 699060
TI  - Induction of specific unresponsiveness in normal mouse spleen cells by removing
      the minority of high avidity antigen-binding cells.

PMID- 699061
TI  - Non-specific suppression of alloantibody responses of CBA mice injected with
      lymphoid cells from the MIs-antigen incompatible C3H X CBA hybrid.

PMID- 699062
TI  - Suppression of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis in the guinea pig by
      pretreatment with thyroglobulin in incomplete Freund's adjuvant.

PMID- 699063
TI  - Long-term antibody synthesis in vitro. VII. Induction of immunologic memory in
      cultures of horse lymph nodes.

PMID- 699064
TI  - Anti-interferon globulin inhibits macrophage phagocytic enhancement in vivo by
      tilorone or Newcastle disease virus.

PMID- 699065
TI  - Lymphocyte cytotoxicity against Chang liver cells in chronic active hepatitis.

PMID- 699066
TI  - Systemic immunological reactivity in the absence of delayed type hypersensitivity
      during murine leprosy.

PMID- 699067
TI  - Human suppressor lymphocytes. I. Induction and characterization.

PMID- 699068
TI  - Mitogen induced cellular cytotoxic activity as a monocyte function in human
      peripheral blood preparations.

PMID- 699069
TI  - Phorbol myristic acetate stimulates LAF production by the macrophage cell line,
      P388D.

PMID- 699070
TI  - [The use of programmable calculators in pharmaceutical analysis. III. Calculation
      of the rate resorption constants on the Sartorius resorption model].

PMID- 699071
TI  - [Studies on local anesthetics. LXV. Basic esters of o-alkoxycarbanilic acids with
      local-anesthetic and anti-arrhythmic effects].

PMID- 699073
TI  - [Use of computer technology in drug supply in East Germany].

PMID- 699072
TI  - [Age profile of patients treated with psychopharmaceuticals].

PMID- 699074
TI  - [Sterilization and sterile preparations in pharmaceutics. IX. Antimicrobial
      substances in pharmaceuticals and cosmetic preparations].

PMID- 699075
TI  - [On the concept of the article "Test of sterility"].

PMID- 699076
TI  - [Problems in the diagnosis of drug allergy].

PMID- 699077
TI  - [On the thickness of the epidermis (author's transl)].

PMID- 699078
TI  - [Groenblad-Strandberg syndrome (author's transl)].

PMID- 699079
TI  - [Concomitant occurrence of psoriasis vulgaris inversa and spinocellular carcinoma
      of the skin (author's transl)].

PMID- 699080
TI  - [Phytodermatoses caused by rosaceae (author's transl)].

PMID- 699081
TI  - [Influence of the period of application of iontophoretic tests on contact
      allergic reaction (author's transl)].

PMID- 699082
TI  - [Neurovegetative reactivity, changes of the biodose and histamine patergometry in
      long-term cigarette smokers (author's transl)].

PMID- 699083
TI  - [Changes in the age structure of patients with gonorrhoea in a long-term
      investigation. II. Statistical analysis of results (author's transl)].

PMID- 699084
TI  - [Relationship of the cutaneous system to the human organism].

PMID- 699085
TI  - [Current possibilities in the clinical evaluation of external drugs containing
      corticosteroids].

PMID- 699086
TI  - [Intensive care following surgery of the biliary ducts].

PMID- 699087
TI  - [Cell immunity in chronic hepatopathies (investigation with leucocyte migration
      inhibition test) (author's transl)].

PMID- 699088
TI  - [Uptake and utilization of palmitate 1 14C by some rat tissues in a medium of
      diabetic serum (author's transl)].

PMID- 699089
TI  - [Combined secretin and pancreozymin--75Se--selenium methionine test for
      investigation of the external pancreatic secretion (author's transl)].

PMID- 699090
TI  - [Serum esterase isoenzymes in various internal diseases].

PMID- 699091
TI  - [Therapeutic use of amitriptyline in irritable colon (author's transl)].

PMID- 699092
TI  - [Early gastric cancer. Description of a case diagnosed on endoscopy and confirmed
      on operation (author's transl)].

PMID- 699093
TI  - [Quincke's edema of the gallbladder as a special form of cholecystitis (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 699094
TI  - [Attempt at the objectivization of neuropsychiatric factors in peptic ulcer of
      the duodenum].

PMID- 699095
TI  - [Research in the field of population nutrition in Finland].

PMID- 699096
TI  - [An interesting case of eye injury].

PMID- 699097
TI  - [Ocular findings in newborn infants at "risk"].

PMID- 699098
TI  - [Possibilities of immunodiagnosis of choroid melanoblastma].

PMID- 699099
TI  - [Contribution of ophthalmodynamometry and hemodynamics to the evaluation of
      cerebral circulation in secondary arterial hypertension].

PMID- 699100
TI  - [ERG findings in intravenous papaverine therapy].

PMID- 699101
TI  - [Development of changes in the visual field in simple glaucoma. I. Status of the
      visual field at the beginning of monitoring and its development during 10 years.
      Study of clinical incidence].

PMID- 699103
TI  - [Cataracts induced due to single administration of sodium selenite to suckling
      male rats].

PMID- 699102
TI  - [General symptoms following administration of isopto-carbachol].

PMID- 699104
TI  - [Ultrasonic echograms in vitreous hemorrhages].

PMID- 699105
TI  - [Thromboses of retinal veins].

PMID- 699106
TI  - [Carcinoma of the thyroid gland with foamy cells in the stroma].
AB  - Foamy cells were found in the stroma of 23 out of a total of 1,073 differentiated
      carcinomas of the thyroid gland investigated during the 1946--1977 period, i. e.
      in 2.1% of the cases concerned. Of these, 15 carcinomas with foamy cells showed
      purely papillary differentiation, while the remaining 8 showed mixed
      papillofollicular structures. Apart from the papillary structure, the development
      of foamy cells may have been associated with hypercholesterolaemia due to
      hypothyroidism.

PMID- 699107
TI  - [Acute pulmonary histoplasomis. 1st findings in Czechoslovakia].
AB  - A 57-year-old man, who for many years was treated for a pleomorphic lymphoma with
      cytotoxic drugs and x-ray therapy, died from the generalized tumor process. At
      autopsy, an extraordinary finding was found in form of acute pulmonary mycosts,
      which histologically appears to be histoplasmosis. Culture was not attempted, but
      the diagnosis is based on morphology, both of the organism proper and its
      intracellular location, and on results obtained by immunofluorescence studies. In
      numerous pulmonary vessels, endothelial pillows of histiocytes with yeast cells
      are found, typical for histoplasmosis, but no generalization was found in other
      organs. The source of the infection is not clear.

PMID- 699108
TI  - [Morphological changes in liver tissue in experimental porphyria].
AB  - Miscroscopic changes in the liver tissue of mice became detectable 42 hours after
      the administration of gricine through the appearance of porphyrins in the plasma
      of hepatocytes marked by the enlargement of their volume, nuclei, and nucleoli.
      72 hours after gricine, porphyrins were also found in the lumina of capilary bile
      ducts and hepatic ducts. This was accompanied by dispersion extinction of
      hepatocytes and pigment accumulation in the plasma of Kupffer's cells. There was
      histochemically proved increased activity of alkaline and acidic phosphatase,
      G6PDH, NADH and NADPH tetrazolium reductase. Under electron microscopy, the
      porphyrins showed crystalline structure, rotated the plane of polarized light,
      and were marked by red fluorescence.

PMID- 699109
TI  - [Histological, electron-optical and histochemical findings in mycosis fungoides].
AB  - Skin excisions were investigated in 5 patients with verified mycosis fungoides.
      Findings yielded by light and electron microscopy helped to confirm the findings
      anticipated, and were correlated with histochemical observations. One of the
      cases involved a substantially higher activity of lysosomal enzymes, particularly
      KF and beta-glucuronidase in the skin infiltrate mycotic cells. In the other
      cases, this sort of activity was low. The significance of high ATPase activity in
      the peripheral cell membrane remains unclear. In one case, involvement in the T
      lymphocyte series was confirmed by the formation of rosettes.

PMID- 699110
TI  - [Lymphoepitheloid malignant lymphoma (Lennert)].
AB  - A group of 22 lymfoepitheloid malignant lymphomas was singled out from a wider
      group by means of demonstating nuclear atypias in epitheloid cells. There were
      three roughly equal subgroups: the first corresponding to malignant
      lymphogranuloma, the second to different malignant lymphomas of the ono-Hodgkin
      type. At first, the third group could not be recognized as a malignant lymphoma
      other than according to different sorts of atypia of each of the epitheloid cells
      in granulomas.--The general behaviour of malignant lymphomas of the first two
      subgroups was in keeping with the properties of the respective basic tumour. The
      third subgroup was more independent. At each subsequent check-up, the epitheloid
      granulomatous component of the tumour was seen gradually disappearing. It
      appeared to a secondary feature in most cases. The cause of atypia in epitheloid
      cells remained unexplained. Nonetheless, these atypias are an important
      diagnostic facilitating the identification of a more independent form of
      lymphoepitheloid malignant lymphoma, the subsequent development of which mostly
      shows signs of a moderately pleiomorphnous malignant lymphoma, sometimes
      obviously belonging in the T series.

PMID- 699111
TI  - [Arthrotic manifestations on the patella in the x-ray and microscopy pictures].
AB  - 40 patellae of different age groups were examined by X-ray and histology. X-ray
      changes found in the cartilage, corticalis and cancellous bone were in full
      agreement with histological findings. However, more than a quarter of the
      patellae were found to be affected by microscopic fibrillation of the surface of
      the cartilage without any demonstrable changes in the cartilage proper. In all
      those cases except one, however, roentgenograms helped to detect changes in the
      corticalis or also cancellous boneof the lamellae such as are associated with
      bone reconstruction, mostly in the form of subchondral bone lamella dilatation
      and of the thickening of adjacent cancellous bone trabeculae.

PMID- 699112
TI  - [Pathophysiology, symptomatology and diagnostics of cerebral artery occlusion].

PMID- 699113
TI  - [Lymphocyte nucleolar apparatus alterations in disseminated cerebrospinal
      sclerosis].

PMID- 699114
TI  - [Numerical squares as a method of diagnosing functional changes in the CNS].

PMID- 699115
TI  - [Electro-clinical correlations in fronto-basal cerebral injuries].

PMID- 699116
TI  - [Hemiparetic form of infantile cerebral palsy].

PMID- 699117
TI  - [Various prognostic aspects in subarachnoid hemorrhage].

PMID- 699118
TI  - [Transitory global amnesia].

PMID- 699119
TI  - Ketamine anesthesia in neuro-roentgenological examinations.

PMID- 699120
TI  - [Clinical and biochemical aspects of lipidoses. I].

PMID- 699121
TI  - [Child clumsiness, special syndromes in a group of minimal brain dysfunctions
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 699122
TI  - [Comparison of some aspects of schizophrenia and epilepsy in forensic medical
      revision practice (author's transl)].

PMID- 699123
TI  - [On the pharmacokinetics of a new application form of lithium with protracted
      effect (author's transl)].

PMID- 699124
TI  - [The role of leader in a psychotherapeutic group of pedopsychiatric patients from
      the psychosocial point of view (author's transl)].

PMID- 699125
TI  - [Therapeutic training for married couples with sexual dysfunctions. Principles
      and technique (author's transl)].

PMID- 699126
TI  - [Neuroses and sexual reactivity of women (author's transl)].

PMID- 699127
TI  - [Co-operation of the internist and the psychiatrist in treatment of patients in a
      post-infarction period (author's transl)].

PMID- 699128
TI  - [Capgras's symptom (author's transl)].

PMID- 699129
TI  - [The course of therapeutic training for married couples in functional sexual
      disorders. Casuistics (author's transl)].

PMID- 699130
TI  - [Groups of relatives in a psychotherapeutic system of a day hospital (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 699131
TI  - [Clinical study of pollenosis in childhood].

PMID- 699132
TI  - [Clinico-roentgenological characteristics of the bronchopulmonary process in
      immunodeficient children].

PMID- 699133
TI  - [ECG in childhood asthmatics].

PMID- 699134
TI  - [IgE in preschool in children with asthmatic bronchitis].

PMID- 699135
TI  - [Renal angiography in chronic pyelonephritis in children].

PMID- 699136
TI  - [Radiation load in a child during radiographic and radioisotope examinations of
      the kidneys and urinary tract].

PMID- 699138
TI  - [Diagnosis of pheochromocytoma in childhood].

PMID- 699137
TI  - [Cardio-auditory syndrome in a 8-year-old boy].

PMID- 699139
TI  - [Ontogenesis of immunity in the fetus and neonate].

PMID- 699140
TI  - [A survey of breast feeding in the district of Martin].

PMID- 699141
TI  - [Indications and results of urgent surgical management of congenital heart
      defects associated with critical hypoxemia in children under 2 years of age].

PMID- 699142
TI  - [Functional significance of morphological changes in children with kidney and
      urinary tract disorders].

PMID- 699143
TI  - [Possibilities in the screening for congenital hypothyreosis].

PMID- 699144
TI  - [Hyperglycemias in the newborn age].

PMID- 699145
TI  - [Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in 3 siblings].

PMID- 699146
TI  - [Hyperphenylalaninemia due to digydropteridine-reductase deficiency].

PMID- 699147
TI  - [Fatal poisoning of a 3-year-old girl with Prothiaden Spofa].

PMID- 699148
TI  - [Conspicuous masturbation behavior in a 7-year-old girl].

PMID- 699149
TI  - [Defense mechanisms of the infant and maternal milk].

PMID- 699150
TI  - [Relation between the body heights of parents and their children in the ages 6.5-
      12 years].

PMID- 699151
TI  - [The congenital rubella syndrome. Epidemiological and clinical pictures].

PMID- 699152
TI  - [Causes and sequelae of eye injuries in children hospitalized at the 2d Eye
      Clinic during 1971--1976].

PMID- 699154
TI  - [The epidemiology of poliomyelitis-like diseases in Bulgaria during 1975].

PMID- 699153
TI  - [Pharmacology of salicylates in children. IV. Toxic effects and side-effects].

PMID- 699155
TI  - [Code of ethics and professional standards of advertising information on
      producers and counseling and on human-milk substitutes].

PMID- 699156
TI  - [New types of territorial district health centers in Czechoslovakia].

PMID- 699157
TI  - [Physical development of 15-year-old boys and girls with varying birth weight].

PMID- 699158
TI  - [Analysis of the structure and length of hospitalization of patients at the basic
      departments of hospitals in the area of the District Institute of National Health
      in Ziar and Hronom].

PMID- 699159
TI  - [Analysis of various indicators of medical emergency services at the Pacov
      polyclinic].

PMID- 699160
TI  - [The science and technology revolution, prevention, and health education].

PMID- 699162
TI  - [The training of physicians in Tunisia].

PMID- 699161
TI  - [A brief survey of the methods used in the comprehensive assessment population's
      health status].

PMID- 699163
TI  - [Information requirements of leading officials at the Institute of National
      Health].

PMID- 699164
TI  - [Nephrological care of children in Czechoslovakia].

PMID- 699165
TI  - [Risk factors of ischemic heart disease among railroad workers in
      Czechoslovakia].

PMID- 699166
TI  - [The employed diabetic at home and at work].

PMID- 699167
TI  - [Preliminary conclusion of a retrospective analysis of case histories in 12
      hospitals and suggestions for further solutions].

PMID- 699168
TI  - trans-Stilbene oxide: an inducer of rat hepatic microsomal and nuclear epoxide
      hydrase and mixed-function oxidase activities.
AB  - The administration of trans-stilbene oxide to rats resulted in increased hepatic
      microsomal and nuclear epoxide hydrase (with styrene oxide (SO), benzo[a]pyrene
      4,5-oxide (4,5-BP) as substrates) and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH)
      activities. Hepatic microsomal aminopyrine N-demethylase, benzphetamine N
      demethylase, and ethylmorphine N-demethylase activities were also increased.
      These increases in microsomal enzyme activity were dose- and time-dependent
      (about 100% at 200 mg/kg body weight, administered for 2 consecutive days).
      However, only marginal increases in hepatic microsomal NADPH-cytochrome c
      reductase activity and cytochrome P-450 content were observed. No apparent
      proliferation of hepatic endoplasmic reticulum occurred in trans-stilbene oxide
      pretreated rats. The administration of trans-stilbene oxide has no effect on
      hepatic glutathione S-transferase activities (with SO or 4,5-BPO as substrates).
      None of the parameters were affected in pulmonary microsomes from treated rats.
      The in vitro addition of trans-stilbene oxide (10(-6)--10(-2) M) did not affect
      hepatic epoxide hydrase or glutathione S-transferase activities.

PMID- 699169
TI  - Excision of hydrocarbon-DNA adducts and consequent cell survival in normal and
      repair defective human cells.
AB  - Survival curves for normal human cells and xeroderma pigmentosum variant cells
      (XP4BE) after ultraviolet radiation were indistinguishable. In comparison, cells
      from xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group A (XP12BE) were very sensitive
      to ultraviolet radiation. Complementation group C (XP2BE) cells were almost as
      sensitive as group A cells. These survival phenomena parallel to known
      unscheduled DNA synthesis responses of these cells to ultraviolet radiation,
      which, compared with normal cells, are: XP4BE, 100%; XP2BE, 20%; XP12BE, 2%. The
      relative capacities of these cells to excise 7-bromomethylbenz[a]anthracene-DNA
      adducts and to survive treatment with the carcinogen were similar to the
      responses to ultraviolet irradiation, except that the XP2BE cell line both
      excised and survived this damage far better than anticipated from its response to
      ultraviolet irradiation. Moreover, whilst in the normal cells and variant cells
      the ratio of hydrocarbon-adenine adduct to hydrocarbon-guanine adduct remaining
      in DNA decreased notably with excision, this ratio did not change significantly
      with excision in the XP2BE cell line. The relationship between greater excision
      capacity and increased cell survival in the experiments with the chemical
      carcinogen indicates that the unexcised damage is responsible for the cell
      killing action of this agent. The different relative repair and survival
      responses of these cell lines to ultraviolet irradiation on the one hand, and to
      7-bromomethylbenz[a]anthracene chemical carcinogen treatment on the other,
      indicate that in at least one of these cell lines (XP2BE), and possibly in all
      the lines, different cellular mechanisms are involved in the repair of DNA damage
      resulting from ultraviolet irradiation and that resulting from the chemical
      carcinogen treatment.

PMID- 699170
TI  - Epoxide metabolizing enzyme activities in rat testes: postnatal development and
      relative activity in interstitial and spermatogenic cell compartments.
AB  - Microsomal epoxide hydrase (EH) and 176 000 g supernatant fraction glutathione-S
      transferase (GSH-S-T) activities were determined with styrene oxide as substrate
      in rat testes during postnatal development. The development of these enzymes was
      also followed in liver for comparison. Testes of 6-day-old rats had high GSH-S-T
      activities (66 nmol/min/mg protein), which were about 50% of the adult levels.
      Transferase activity then developed slowly and reached a maximum by 165 days of
      age. Specific testicular GSH-S-T activities of 6-day-old rats were 3--4 times
      those of hepatic GSH-S-T activities in the same animals. In contrast, EH
      activities of both liver and testes were very low in prepubertal rats, but they
      increased dramatically at the onset of puberty and reached maximum activities by
      45 days of age. Microsomal and microsomal supernatant fractions prepared from
      adult rat spermatogenic cells had about twice the EH and GSH-S-T specific
      activities (with styrene oxide or benzo[a]pyrene 4,5-oxide as substrates) of
      similar fractions prepared from interstitial cells. On the other hand,
      benzo[a]pyrene hydroxylase (AHH) activity and cytochrome P-450 content were at
      least 2-fold greater in microsomes from interstitial cells than in those from
      spermatogenic cells.

PMID- 699171
TI  - Effects of halogenated antibacterials on the erythrocyte membrane.
AB  - The influence of halogenated antibacterials on membrane structure and function
      was investigated using the human erythrocyte membrane as a model. Measurements of
      hemolysis in isotonic solution, altered membrane permeability, and stabilization
      against hypotonic hemolysis resulting from exposure of erythrocytes to
      halogenated antibacterials served as criteria of membrane-related effects. The
      hemolytic potency of the compounds studied differed widely, decreasing in the
      order hexachlorophene (HCP) greater than 2,2'-methylenebis(3,5-dichlorophenol)
      (3,5-TCP) greater than 2,2'-methylenebis(3,4-dichlorophenol) (3,4-TCP)
      approximately equal to 2,2'-methylenebis(4,6-dichlorophenol) (4,6-TCP) greater
      than 2,2'-methylenebis(4-chlorophenol) (DCP) greater than 3,4'
      tribromosalicylanilide (TBS) approximately equal to 3,3',4',5
      tetrachlorosalicylanilide (TCSA). Each of the antibacterials tested stabilized
      the erythrocyte against hypotonic hemolysis, although there were marked
      differences in the concentrations required to afford maximum stabilization as
      well as in the extent of protection. The observed order of protective
      effectiveness was HCP greater than 3,4-TCP greater than 4,6-TCP greater than DCP
      approximately equal to TCS greater than TBS. As shown by measurements of the
      first-order rate constant for K+ efflux, the permeability of the erythrocyte
      membrane to K+ was increased upon exposure to the antibacterials, with the effect
      of HCP greater than 3,4-TCP greater than 4,6-TCP approximately equal to 3,4-TCP
      greater than DCP approximately equal to TCS greater than TBS. These results
      indicate that halogenated antibacterials are capable of perturbing mammalian
      membranes, a feature which may account in part for their mammalian toxicity.

PMID- 699172
TI  - Interactions of vinyl chloride with rat-liver DNA in vivo.
AB  - 9beta-D-2'-Deoxyribofuranosyl-imidazo-[2,1-i]purine ("etheno-deoxyadenosine") and
      1beta-D-2'-deoxyribofuranosyl-1,2-dihydro-2-oxo-imidazo-[1,2-c]pyrimidine
      ("etheno-deoxycytidine") are identified in the enzyme hydrolysates obtained (i)
      from calf-thymus DNA which had been modified by chemical reaction with
      chloroacetaldehyde and (ii) from liver DNA prepared from rats which had been
      exposed orally to vinyl chloride in their drinking water (250 ppm) for approx. 2
      years. Thus, vinyl chloride-derived chloroethylene oxide and/or
      chloroacetaldehyde behaves as a bifunctional alkylating agent towards
      deoxyadenosine and deoxycytidine residues of DNA. The separation of
      deoxyribonucleosides and the two etheno-deoxyribosyl-nucleosides by liquid
      chromatography, and the mass spectra of etheno-deoxyadenosine and etheno
      deoxycytidine and of their O-bis-(trimethylsilyl) derivatives are described. In
      the animal experiment (ii), the resulting proportion of etheno-deoxyadenosine is
      small compared with that of etheno-deoxycytidine. Imidazo-[2,1-i]purine (etheno
      adenine) is identified: (a) in the supernatant after sedimentation of the
      modified DNA in the model experiment (i), and (b) in the product resulting from
      the reaction between chloroacetaldehyde and deoxyadenosine. The effect on the
      structure of DNA of the imidazo-cyclization of deoxyadenosine and deoxycytidine
      residues and of the depurination of etheno-deoxyadenosine residues is discussed
      in relation to vinyl chloride oncogenicity.

PMID- 699173
TI  - The ontogeny of nuclear aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase.
AB  - The ontogeny of rat liver nuclear aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) ws studied.
      AHH which was barely detectable in 18--20 day fetal rat liver nuclei increased
      rapidly post-partum reaching a value which was over 200 times greater than the
      fetal liver specific activity. Nuclear AHH was induced upon administration of 3
      methylcholanthrene (3-MC) to rats. The level of induction was dependent upon the
      age of the rat. Thus, the highest induced nuclear AHH specific activity was
      observed in the 3--4-week-old rat, i.e., 50--70 g in weight. The greatest fold
      increase in nuclear AHH after 3-MC administration was observed in the 6--8 g, or
      1--2-day-old rat. Fetal rat liver nuclear AHH was also induced after 3-MC
      administration to the dam. The basal and induced levels of AHH were compared in
      nuclei and microsomes from 1--2 and 10--12-day-old rats. In the former, the ratio
      of the microsomal to nuclear AHH was 1.4 and 1.8 under basal and induced
      conditions, respectively.

PMID- 699174
TI  - Antitumor action of rhodium (I) and iridium (I) complexes.
AB  - Several rhodium(I) and iridium(I) complexes displayed different degrees of
      antitumour activity when tested in mice bearing Ehrlich ascites carcinoma.
      Rhodium (I) and iridium (I) acetylacetonate derivatives caused a high percentage
      of cures. The rhodium (I) dimers were particularly interesting, since
      (bis(cycloocta-1,5-diene)micromicron' dichlorodirhodium(I) [RhCODCl]2) was highly
      effective, whereas its analogues, bis(bicyclo[2,2,1]hepta-2,5-diene)micromicron'
      dichlorodirhodium(I) [RhNBDCl]2) and bis(1,5-hexadiene)micromicron'
      dichlorodirhodium(I) [RhEDCl]2) were virtually inactive. The absence of
      significant inhibition of DNA, RNA and protein syntheses in tumour cells found
      for [RhCODCl]2 at therapeutically active dosages, indicates that this substance
      has a different mechanism of action from that of cis-dichlorodiammine Pt(II) (cis
      PDD). The amount of rhodium found in tumour cells after administration of active
      [RhCODCl]2 was higher than that for [RhEDCl]2, while the rhodium concentration in
      the ascitic fluid was much higher for [RhEDCl]2. A mechanism based on the
      chemical properties of the complexes is tentatively proposed for explaining these
      findings and selective toxicity for tumour cells.

PMID- 699175
TI  - The major metabolite of aflatoxin B1 in the rat is a glutathione conjugate.
AB  - [14C]aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was injected i.p. into female Wistar rats. Half of the
      dose was eliminated into the bile mostly as polar non-extractable metabolites.
      Among these a glutathione conjugate was the main component. The same conjugate
      was formed when rat liver postmitochondrial supernatant was incubated with AFB1
      and [3H]glutathione. The conjugate was purified by ion exchange chromatography,
      gel-filtration and thin layer chromatography (TLC). It was tentatively identified
      as 2,3-dihydro-2-(S-glutathionyl)-3-hydroxy aflatoxin B1 (AFB1-GSH-conjugate).
      This structure was derived mainly from amino acid analysis, ultraviolet spectra
      and the enzymatic requirements for its formation in in vitro experiments. In the
      rat this detoxification product of the potentially ultimate reactive AFB1-epoxide
      constitutes about 10% of the administered dose and thus underlines the
      quantitative importance of this activating pathway.

PMID- 699176
TI  - Interactions between cadmium and zinc in cytoplasm of duck liver and kidney.
AB  - Ducks were collected from a marine environment known to be polluted with heavy
      metals. Gel elution profiles were determined for both liver and kidney tissue
      using Sephadex G-75 gel. Zn increased linearly on the high molecular weight
      protein pool until this pool was apparently Zn saturated; saturation levels were
      0.06 mumole cytoplasmic Zn/g kidney (wet wt.) and 0.14 mumole cytoplasmic Zn/g
      liver (wet wt.). Seventy-five percent of cytoplasmic Cd was found on the high
      molecular weight protein pool unless it was Zn saturated. If this pool was Zn
      saturated, then excesses of Zn and up to 75% of cytoplasmic Cd appeared on
      metallothionein. Results are discussed in terms of a competition of Cd and Zn for
      Zn binding sites on metalloenzymes. Cu increased linearly on both the high
      molecular weight protein pool and metallothionein, with increases of Cu in
      tissue.

PMID- 699177
TI  - Comparative actions of 1,10-phenanthroline nickel(II) chelates and their
      constituent metal ion and ligands on the guinea-pig isolated atrium.
AB  - The actions of fully co-ordinated, inert nickel(II) chelates of 1,10
      phenanthroline and 3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline have been compared on
      the guinea-pig isolated atrium with those of their constituent metal ion and
      ligands. In general, each test substance showed distinctive actions suggesting
      that the effects of the metal chelates are mediated by the intact chelate cation
      and not by liberated metal ion or ligand. Differences in the actions of the
      unsubstituted and the highly methylated compounds may result from the greater
      capacity of the methylated chelate and ligand to induce more profound and
      sustained conformational changes in the responsive atrial pre- and postsynaptic
      membranes thereby promoting more rapid and prolonged influx of Ca2+.

PMID- 699178
TI  - Persistence of DNA damage in rat pancreas following administration of three
      carcinogens and/or mutagens.

PMID- 699179
TI  - Mutagenicity of dichlorvos and other structurally related pesticides in
      Salmonella and Streptomyces.
AB  - The following pesticides: azinphosmethyl, diallate, dichlorvos, EPTC,
      fenchlorphos, mevinphos, monocrotophos, noruron, parathionmethyl, triallate,
      trichlorphon and vegadex were tested for the ability to induce his+ revertants in
      four histidines requiring strains of Salmonella typhimurium--TAI 535(missense),
      TAI 536, TAI 537 and TAI 538 (frame-shift)- and resistance to low levels of
      streptomycin in Streptomyces coelicolor. Dichlorvos, which is a phosphoric ester
      with a dichlorovinyl group as side chain, and trichlorphon, which is known for
      its spontaneous conversion in dichlorvos, are both mutagenic in Salmonella
      (strain TAI535) and Streptomyces. Five organophosphorus pesticides similar to
      dichlorvos but devoid of the vinyl group are not mutagenic. Three carbamates,
      diallate, triallate and vegadex, which contain a chloroallyl group similar to the
      vinyl group of dichlorvos are mutagenic in Streptomyes; triallate and vegadex are
      powerful mutagens also in Salmonella (strain TAI535); two other carbamates devoid
      of the chlorinated group are not mutagenic. The results suggest that the presence
      of a vinyl chloride or allyl chloride group in the molecule of these pesticides
      is responsible for the ability to induce point mutations in Salmonella and
      Streptomyces.

PMID- 699180
TI  - Comparative effect of a family of substituted thiopseudoureas on protein
      synthesis by rat liver and Walker carcinoma ribosomes.
AB  - In order to assess the role played respectively by the pseudothiourea group and
      the alkylic chain in the inhibition of protein synthesis and tumour growth caused
      by compound AHR-1911, a series of eight related substances were studied. The
      blockade of protein synthesis on liver and Walker carcinoma ribosomes and on
      suspensions of Walker carcinoma cells, depended essentially on the length of the
      alkylic chain and the substitution in C-1. The minimum chain was 9 carbons and a
      plateau in the activity was reached at 11 carbons. Replacement of the thiourea
      group in C-1 by an NH2 group did not change the pattern. A double bond in the
      distal section of the chain (AHR-1911) increased inhibition on intact cells with
      a parallel decrease in cytotoxicity, and reduced the aggregation of ribosomes,
      protein synthesis factors and other proteins. The antitumor effect depends on the
      pseudothiourea group and is not caused primarily by interference with protein
      synthesis. Aminoacyl tRNA binding and transfer appeared to be targets of AH4
      1911, but this did not affect significantly tRNA change or nascent peptide
      release. Drug binding to ribosomes and their subsequent aggregation can be
      regulated by K+ concentration and temperature. It is assumed that the inhibition
      of protein synthesis is caused by AHR-1911 effects on elongation factors,
      impairing their interaction with ribosomes.

PMID- 699181
TI  - Computer-generated graphic models of the N2-substituted deoxyguanosine adducts of
      2-acetylaminofluorene and benzo[a]pyrene and the O6-substituted deoxyguanosine
      adduct of 1-naphthylamine in the DNA double helix.
AB  - Computer models of three deoxyguanosine-carcinogen adducts in double-helical DNA
      are presented. The carcinogen moiety is rotated and the best fit within the
      double helix is evaluated. The 2-acetylaminofluorene (AAF) derivative, 3
      (deoxyguanosin-N2-yl)-AAF, is found to be situated within the minor groove, has
      very little freedom of rotation and causes little helical distortion. The (+)
      anti-benzo[a]-pyrene (BP)-diol epoxide-N2 adduct, 10beta-(deoxyguanosin-N2-yl)
      7beta, 8alpha,9alpha-trihydroxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-BP, has a similar fit with a
      greater degree of steric interaction, suggesting that this adduct could cause
      some local destabilization. The 1-naphthylamine (NA) derivative, N1
      (deoxyguanosine-O6-yl)-1-NA, resides within the major groove, does not perturb
      the helix and has considerable freedom of movement.

PMID- 699182
TI  - N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea mediated conversion of O6-methylguanine to xanthine.

PMID- 699184
TI  - Distribution of cis-platin in blood.

PMID- 699183
TI  - Carcinogen induced alterations in DNAase I release of N3-methyladenine from liver
      chromatin.

PMID- 699185
TI  - A re-evaluation of evidence for carcinogen-induced DNA "repair" synthesis.

PMID- 699186
TI  - Effects of cis-platinum(II) diamminedichloride on survival and the rate of DNA
      synthesis in synchronously growing HeLa cells in the absence and presence of
      caffeine.

PMID- 699187
TI  - Covalent binding of ethinylestradiol and estrone to rat liver DNA in vivo.
AB  - The covalent binding of [6,7-3H] ethinylestradiol (EE) and [6,7-3H] estrone (E)
      to liver DNA of 200 g female rats was measured 8 h after the administration of 80
      microgram (9.2 mCi) estrogen by gavage. The binding is 1.5 for EE and 1.1 for E,
      expressed as binding to DNA/dose, in units of mumol hormone/mol DNA
      phosphate/mmole hormone/kg body wt. It is the same order of magnitude as for
      benzene and about 10 000 times below the binding of typical liver carcinogens,
      such as aflatoxin B1 or N,N-dimethylnitrosamine.

PMID- 699188
TI  - Rat liver microsome-mediated binding to DNA of 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3
      b]indole, a potent mutagen isolated from tryptophan pyrolysate.

PMID- 699189
TI  - Sulfate conjugation of benzo[alpha]pyrene metabolites and derivates.
AB  - Sulfate conjugation of benzo[alpha]pyrene(BP) metabolites and derivatives was
      studied. The reaction sequence consisted of two steps; activation of sulfate ion
      to 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate and transfer of the activated sulfate to
      the BP-derivatives. Both reactions were carried out by enzymes located in the rat
      liver 105 000 g supernatant. The reactions required MgCl2. Phenol and quinone
      derivatives were generally good substrates for sulfate conjugation and different
      reactivities were observed with the dihydrodiol derivatives. Sulfate conjugates
      were more polar than their parent BP-derivatives and except for quinone
      conjugates were easily extracted with ethyl acetate. The role of sulfate
      conjugation in BP carcinogenesis is discussed.

PMID- 699190
TI  - DL-2-Oxo-3-(2-mercaptoethyl)-5-phenylimidazolidine. A sulfhydryl metabolite of
      levamisole that interacts with microtubules.
AB  - DL-2-Oxo-3-(2-mercaptoethyl)-5-phenylimidazolidine (OMPI) a sulfhydryl metabolite
      of levamisole, unlike the parent compound, is shown to interfere with the
      morphological and functional integrity of microtubules in cultured cells at high
      concentrations (1.6-10(-4) M). Lower concentrations do not affect the cell
      morphology, viability or growth rate in any appreciable way. Both levamisole and
      OMPI, at low concentrations (10(-5)-10(-6) m), markedly enhance the
      antimicrotubular effect of mercaptoethanol. High concentrations of OMPI (+/- 10(
      4) M) inhibit the self-assembly of microtubules in a cell free system. Low
      concentrations (+/- 10(-6) M) markedly enhance the polymerization rate of
      tubulin. Levamisole has no effect on tubulin polymerization. The effects of OMPI
      on microtubules in cells and in the polymerization system can be reversed by
      reduced glutathione, cysteine and dithiothreitol. The data indicate that OMPI
      interacts in a biphasic manner with microtubule formation probably through
      interaction with critical SH-groups on the tubulin molecule. It seems of interest
      to further investigate the hypothesis that the immunomodulating properties of
      levamisole are at least partially due to the formation of its metabolite (OMPI)
      which could enhance microtubule integrity and function in leukocytes.

PMID- 699191
TI  - The toxicity of thallium(I) to cardiac and skeletal muscle.
AB  - The effects of (a) partial or complete replacement of K+ by Tl+ in saline
      perfusing isolated rat heart and diaphragm preparations and (b) pulse injections
      of high concentrations of Tl+ or K+, have been studied. The immediate effect of
      Tl+ resembles that of higher concentrations of K+ and may reflect its more rapid
      penetration into the tissue. Tl+ appears to replace K+ on a 1:1 basis to an
      extent dependent upon the relative abundance of the two cations in the perfusion
      solution. However, analysis of diaphragm preparations after perfusion with
      salines containing increasing Tl+ but constant [K+ + Tl+] showed a related and
      progressive increase in total cation content. This effect, which was not seen in
      the presence of constant high (normal) K+ concentrations, may reflect an increase
      of the intracellular space brought about by the thallium. Functional effects of
      Tl+ were (a) preferential block of the phrenic nerve or neuromuscular junction
      over the muscle fibre and (b) transient but marked acceleration of cardiac
      frequency following pulse injections, which may be of value in analysing the
      pacemaker mechanism of the heart. In both tissues Tl+ is eventually toxic and
      probably irreversibly so.

PMID- 699192
TI  - Effects of cis-platinum(II) diamminedichloride on survival and the rate of DNA
      synthesis in synchronously growing Chinese hamster V79-379A cells in the absence
      and presence of caffeine inhibited post-replication repair; evidence for an
      inducible repair mechanism.
AB  - The mechanism by which cis-Platinum(II)diamminedichloride, (cis-Pt(II)),
      inhibited DNA synthesis was investigated using synchronously growing Chinese
      hamster V79-379A cells. The progression of G1 phase treated cells into S phase
      was not inhibited. However the rate of DNA synthesis throughout the S phase was
      depressed in a dose dependent manner compared to a control. The peak rate of DNA
      synthesis was delayed and the duration of the S phase was extended resulting in a
      dose dependent delay in the timing of mitosis in the first cell cycle after
      treatment. The delay in the timing of mitosis after the second S phase in treated
      cells was comparable to the delay observed after the first cycle. Post treatment
      incubation of cells in the presence of a non toxic concentration of caffeine
      resulted in an alteration in the pattern of DNA synthesis, leading to a reversal
      of the dose dependent delay in the timing of the peak rate of DNA synthesis to a
      position corresponding to the control. Caffeine potentiated the toxicity of cis
      Pt(II) only if it was added during the first cell cycle after treatment. The
      patterns of DNA synthesis in synchronous cultures of Chinese hamster V79-379A
      cells after cis-Pt(II) treatment appeared to be similar to those previously
      demonstrated for difunctional alkylating agents. The results were discussed in
      relation to an existing model in which it was postulated that a DNA replication
      dependent repair mechanism enables cells to replicate DNA using a cis-Pt(II)
      damaged DNA template. This mechanism has been shown in Chinese hamster V79-379A
      cells to be sensitive to non toxic concentrations of caffeine resulting in an
      inhibition of the rate of ligation of nascent DNA which is followed by an
      increase in chromosome aberrations and cell death. The results presented support
      the proposed model and emphasise the importance of this replication repair
      mechanism in enabling cells to tolerate unexcised damage to their genome. In
      addition we propose that cis-Pt(II) damage stimulates the induction of a system
      which is involved in enhancing so called post replication repair in Chinese
      hamster V79 cells and that this induction might be inhibited by the presence of
      caffeine.

PMID- 699193
TI  - Application of hydroxypropyl cellulose to peroral controlled release dosage
      forms.

PMID- 699194
TI  - Studies on skin surface barrier functions. Transepidermal water loss and skin
      surface lipids during childhood.

PMID- 699195
TI  - Synthesis and antiandrogenic activity of 16beta-substituted-17 beta
      hydroxysteroids.

PMID- 699196
TI  - Fluorescence of boron complexes. VI. Fluorometric determination of salicyclic
      acids.

PMID- 699197
TI  - 1-Indancarboxylic acids. IV. A convenient synthesis of antiinflammatory 4-aroyl-1
      indancarboxylic acids and their absolute configurations.

PMID- 699198
TI  - Deoxysugar synthesis. IV. Deoxygenation of aminoglycoside antibiotics through
      reduction of their dithiocarbonates.

PMID- 699199
TI  - Syntheses of highly antibacterial 3-vinylcephalosporin derivatives.

PMID- 699200
TI  - Antitumor activity of timed-release derivative of mitomycin C, agarose bead
      conjugate.

PMID- 699201
TI  - Purification of calcium binding substance from soluble fraction of normal rat
      liver.

PMID- 699202
TI  - Peptido-aminobenzophenones--novel open-ring derivatives of 1,4-benzodiazepines.

PMID- 699203
TI  - Synthesis and mutagenicity of 10-azabenzo[a]pyrene-4,5-oxide and other
      pentacyclic aza-arene oxides.

PMID- 699204
TI  - Dissolution of slightly soluble drugs. V. Effect of particle size on
      gastrointestinal drug absorption and its relation to solubility.

PMID- 699205
TI  - Morphine-induced Straub tail reaction and spinal catecholamine metabolite
      content: antagonism of naloxone to morphine-induced effects in mice.

PMID- 699206
TI  - A colorimetric determination of boron in biological materials.

PMID- 699207
TI  - Sequence determination of amino- and carboxyl-terminal residues of hypocalcemic
      protein TP extracted from bovine thymus gland.

PMID- 699208
TI  - Coloration and photolytic degradation of some sulfonamide tablets under
      exaggerated and ordinary ultraviolet irradiation.

PMID- 699209
TI  - Inhibition by 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole of fatty acid synthesis in cell free system.

PMID- 699210
TI  - Dipeptidase activity in rat carrageenin granuloma.

PMID- 699211
TI  - Liquid chromatographic determination of amino acids in the rat brain using o
      phthalaldehyde as fluorogenic reagent.

PMID- 699212
TI  - Studies on acylase activity and micro-organisms. XXVI. Purification from AAA 6029
      (Pseudomonase sp).

PMID- 699213
TI  - Studies on acylase activity and micro-organisms. XXVII. Purification and
      properties of phenylacetyl DL-acylase (N-phenylacetyl-DL-amino-acid
      amidohydrolase) from AAA 6020 (Pseudomonas sp).

PMID- 699214
TI  - An active core in a limited chymotryptic digest of bovine parotid hypocalcemic
      substance.

PMID- 699215
TI  - Purification of 3beta-hydroxysteroid oxidase of Streptomyces violascens origin by
      affinity chromatography on cholesterol.

PMID- 699216
TI  - Relationships between conformation of antigen and specificity of antibody in
      radioimmunoassay for steroid hormone. III. Highly specific cortisol-antibody
      against 6alpha- and 6beta-hydroxycortisol 6-hemisuccinate-bovine serum albumin
      conjugates.

PMID- 699218
TI  - Half-wave potentials and LCAO-SCF-MIO calculations for carcinogenic benz
      [c]acridines.

PMID- 699217
TI  - Effect of ginseng saponins on cholesterol metabolism. III. Effect of ginsenoside
      Rb on cholesterol synthesis in rats fed on high-fat diet.

PMID- 699219
TI  - Characterization of aminoalkylphosphonyl cerebrosides in muscle tissue of Turbo
      cornutus.
AB  - From muscle tissues of the marine snail (Turbo cornutus) aminoalkylphosphonyl
      cerebrosides, which had been shown to be present in visceral parts were isolated.
      Their structure was determined by degradative methods and by characterization of
      components by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The aminoalkylphosphonyl
      cerebroside fraction consisted of a major portion of 1-O-[6'-O-(N
      methylaminoethylphosphonyl) galactosyl] ceramide and a minor portion of a novel
      lipid, 1-O-[6'-O-(aminoethylphosphonyl)galactosyl] ceramide. The fatty acids of
      the fraction were mainly palmitic (53.3%) and 2-hydroxy palmitic acid (14.6%).
      The long chain bases were mainly dihydroxy C22: 2(36.6%), C18:1 (14.6%) and
      trihydroxy bases were also found as minor components.

PMID- 699220
TI  - [Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage].
AB  - The authors describe their experience in 23 cases of biliary tract drainage by
      the transhepatic-percutaneous approach in the course of obstructive jaundice of
      diversified origin. This can be done for essentially three reasons, namely to
      alleviate jaundice preoperatively, to provide permanent bile drainage in patients
      not amenable to surgery, and to relieve excess pressure in surgical anastomoses
      of the biliary passages. On the basis of biological considerations (relationship
      between severity and duration of cholestasis on the one hand and postoperative
      mortality and morbidity on the other), and in light of their own results, the
      authors argue in favor of this procedure, explaining that it is only mildly
      traumatic to the patient, easy to perform, attended by a low quota of
      complications, and above all effective as a drainage; also, it does not unduly
      prolong the preoperative period for patients scheduled for further and major
      surgery. Also in view of the current role of PTC in the diagnosis of obstructive
      jaundice, they submit that transhepatic-percutaneous drainage should be done
      right next to recognition of dilatation of the intrahepatic bile passages by CAT
      or echotomography.

PMID- 699221
TI  - [Surgical treatment of caval obstructions].
AB  - The vena cava is the seat of obstructive disorders for which direct reparative
      surgery may sometimes become necessary. S.C.S. is mainly caused by neoplastic
      invasions or, in the case of the inferior vena cava, by progression of
      phlebothrombosis of the lower limbs. Prosthesis or autologous substitution and
      thrombointimectomy are specifically indicated in the two cases respectively. The
      two methods are described in detail and exemplified through the authors' personal
      cases consisting in an inferior caval thrombointimectomy and four superior caval
      by passes. It is concluded that surgical procedures are effective when the
      primitive disorder can be dominated and the thrombosis is not excessively
      extensive.

PMID- 699222
TI  - [Mediastinal tumors: diagnostic possibilities and limitations].

PMID- 699223
TI  - [Incidence of recurrent nerve paralysis in personal cases of thyroid surgery].
AB  - The authors review their series of thyroid operations, totaling 383 cases in the
      last seven years. In that series the incidence of recurrent nerve lesions leading
      to permanent sequels was 1.07% (all treated without surgical preparation of the
      nerve); an additional 0.53% of the patients developed transient paralysis of the
      recurrent nerve--of which the authors discuss the possible etiology. The authors
      conclude by stating the need for careful recognition of the recurrent nerve in
      all surgical procedures involving the thyroid gland, except some enucleo
      resections; they confirm the importance of branches of the inferior thyroid
      artery and the inferior horn of the thyroid cartilage as reference points.

PMID- 699224
TI  - [Current views concerning the etiopathogenesis of reflux esophagitis in
      children].
AB  - Esophagitis is caused by a gastro-esophageal reflux sometimes reflecting
      anatomical inadequacy of structures that secure the relationships between the
      cardia and the diaphragm, fundus of the stomach, and other surrounding viscera,
      but more often due to functional deficiency of lower esophageal sphincter (LES),
      this representing the main factor for maintenance of the mechanism of cardial
      continence. Manometric studies of intraluminal pressures in the esophagus have
      revealed the presence of a high-pressure segment in the distal esophagus, where a
      mean pressure of 12-13 mm Hg obtains over a length of 3 or 4 cm. In the first two
      weeks of extrauterine life the LES is between 0.5 and 1 cm long, with a pressure
      of 3 mm Hg; pressure values in the LES equal adult values at about one month of
      age, showing that neuromuscular control of the sphincter has been achieved.
      Gastro-esophageal reflux, however, is very common in the newborn and not enough
      by itself to cause peptic disease of the esophagus; this requires the
      concomitance of morphological defects of the esophageal mucosa and/or dynamic
      functional disturbances. This, according to the authors, is why esophagitis
      actually occurs in only about 60% of patients with radiologically and
      pHmetrically demonstrated gastro-esophageal reflux.

PMID- 699225
TI  - [Clinical picture and diagnosis of reflux esophagitis in children].
AB  - Whereas a burning retrosternal pain irradiating upward is the main symptom of
      reflux esophagitis in the adult, this symptom is usually not extant in children.
      Rather, the child will show unaccountable vomiting, stunted growth, anemia of
      unknown etiology, and respiratory disturbances. The pathologic condition more
      often associated with reflux esophagitis is hypertrophic stenosis of the pylorus,
      which is in fact regarded as one of the causes of the esophageal disorder. Reflux
      esophagitis may lead to ulceration and hemorrhage, and may evolve into
      cicatricial retraction and esophageal stenosis, the latter sometimes quite tight.
      The condition is diagnosed in light of radiological examination and endoscopy.
      Whit older children, one may add the Bernstein test and pressure and pH readings.
      The paper concludes by pointing out the different diagnostic approach in the
      newborn and small baby on the one hand and in older children on the other.

PMID- 699226
TI  - [Current trends in the treatment of reflux esophagitis in childhood].
AB  - A problem of some complexity is the management of pathological gastro-esophageal
      reflux due to the presence of cardio-hiatal malformation, malposition of the
      cardia and gastric tuberosity, a congenitally short esophagus, and the like.
      Sometimes, however, there is no demonstrable morphological aleration and the
      condition, characterized by primitive hypotonia of the LES, goes under the name
      of infant chalasia of the esophagus. The general policy is to try first a
      conservative treatment consisting of dietary and postural measures and the
      administration of metoclopramide and d;ugs that protect the esophageal mucosa;
      this stage, however, should not be prolonged beyond 6 weeks. The presence of
      gastro-esophageal reflux associated with hiatal hernia; the presence of severe
      esophagitis or peptic stenosis of the esophagus and the persistence of symptoms
      after an adequate period of conservative therapy constitute as many indications
      for surgical correction. Good results can be obtained by restoring or
      strengthening the failing function of the LES, as is done quite successfully with
      funduplication after Nissen or with method of Belsey-Mark IV.

PMID- 699227
TI  - [Double aortic arch].

PMID- 699228
TI  - [Personal experience with anterior resection of the rectum].
AB  - Authors experience in the Dixon's operation regarding the surgical treatment of
      cancer of the rectum and recto-sigmoid junction is reviewed. It consists in 224
      cases of malignant lesions which were treated by Miles operation (106 cases-
      47%), Dixon's operation (49 cases--21%), palliation anterior resection (16 cases-
      7%), other operations (53 cases--24%). After a brief discussion on anatomo
      pathological conditions and tecniques, the Authors consider their results:
      operatory mortality 4%; complications: total anastomosis dehiscence 1 case,
      partial anastomosis dehiscence 14%; local repetitions 10%; hepatic metastasis
      within 5 ys 40%; survival at 5 ys 46%. Functional results were always very good.
      The Authors conclude that, even considering the large rate (56%) of wide-spread
      cancers treated, Dixon's operation, at least in their experience, doesn't seem to
      satisfy those needs of radically requested by a correct surgical therapy, which
      only Miles' operation guarantees.

PMID- 699230
TI  - [Use of intra-arterial embolization in the treatment of congenital arteriovenous
      fistulas].

PMID- 699229
TI  - [Current criteria of treatment of angiomas].
AB  - The authors set out their therapeutic trend in the treatment of angioma and the
      criteria governing the use of the various therapies according to the type of
      dysplasia and its clinical course; they then report on the results obtained in a
      series of 400 cases. Only 22 cases with unfavourable trend (evolution of lesion)
      were observed, whereas the others exhibited spontaneous regression (85 cases),
      arrest of evolution (50 cases) or regression or cure (243 cases).

PMID- 699231
TI  - [Behavior of mast cells in experimental burns in rats].
AB  - The Authors, using a personal dyeing method, specific for mast cells, that they
      described in a former work, (a modification of May-Gruenwald-Giemsa dye) observed
      crowd of mast cells in the subcutaneous tissue, below the site of thermal skin
      burns, in rats. They clearly demonstrate the phenomenon of mast cells
      degranulation. The granules are released in the subcutaneous tissue, then they go
      away along the limph vessels, and it is possible to follow them until the limph
      nodes. There is also crowd of limphocytes and plasma cells; nevertheless, there
      is evidence that mast cells are the early cells which react to burns in rats.
      Perhaps it should be possible that mast cells have some immunological function,
      owing to the contact their granules take with lymphocytes and plasma cells.

PMID- 699232
TI  - [An unusual case of esophago-gastric leiomyoma].

PMID- 699233
TI  - [Cavernous hemangioma of the mediastinum].
AB  - The authors present a rare case of cavernous hemangioma of the mediastinum. After
      a critical review of existing literature on the subject, they discuss the
      symptoms of this vascular malformation with special emphasis on the difficulties
      of differential diagnosis versus other space-occupying lesions of the
      mediastinum. They further discuss the characteristic histopathologic features of
      cavernous hemangioma, and state that ablative surgery is the only possible
      therapeutic measure.

PMID- 699234
TI  - [Vesical bilharziasis (presentation of 2 cases)].

PMID- 699235
TI  - [Inguino-scrotal vesical hernia. Apropos of a case associated with neoplasms].

PMID- 699236
TI  - [Cineradiographic study of the mechanism of action of a commonly used antispastic
      drug on the upper urinary tract: pramiverine].

PMID- 699237
TI  - [Surgical treatment of rheumatoid arthritis].
AB  - The Authors presents a review of the orthopedic surgery in patient with
      rheumatoid arthritis. The aims of surgical treatment in this patients are: an
      improvement of the function, relief of pain and improvement in appearance. In
      this study are presented the major types of operation currently used:
      synoviectomy, arthroplasty, repair of tendons, osteotomy and arthrodesis.

PMID- 699238
TI  - [A fairly common complication of acute appendicitis (a propos of 42 cases of
      abscess of Douglas' pouch)].
AB  - After a brief review of the literature, 42 cases of Douglas-pouch peritonitis are
      described, with particular regard to those cases arosen as a complication of
      acute appendicitis. Symptomatology and anatomo-pathological pictures are
      carefully described and the most likely pathogenetic causes are discussed.
      Particular attention is paid to the surgical techniques used.

PMID- 699239
TI  - [Biochemical study of various occupational groups exposed to lead].

PMID- 699240
TI  - [A case of acute renal failure following administration of rifampicin].

PMID- 699241
TI  - [Atherosclerosis].

PMID- 699242
TI  - [Should bismuth be forbidden?].

PMID- 699244
TI  - American Heart Association.

PMID- 699243
TI  - [4th International Congress on Radioprotection, Paris-April 1977].

PMID- 699245
TI  - Role of the renin-angiotensin system in the systemic vasoconstriction of chronic
      congestive heart failure.
AB  - In 15 patients with severe chronic left ventricular failure, plasma renin
      activity (PRA) ranged widely, from 0.2--39 ng/ml/hr. The level of PRA was
      unrelated to cardiac output (CO) or pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PWP), but
      was slightly negatively correlated with mean arterial pressure (MAP) (r = -0.45)
      and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) (r = -0.40). After infusion of the
      angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor teprotide (SQ 20,881) PWP fell from 26.3
      +/- 1.3 (SEM) to 20.3 +/- 1.4 mm Hg (P less than 0.001), CO rose from 3.94 +/-
      0.23 to 4.75 +/- 0.31 l/min (P less than 0.001), MAP fell from 87.5 +/- 3.8 to
      77.9 +/- 4.1 mm Hg (P less than 0.001) and SVR from 1619 +/- 148 to 1252 +/- 137
      dyne-sec-cm-5 (P less than 0.001). The fall in MAP and in SVR was significantly
      correlated with control PRA (r = 0.68 and r = 0.58, respectively). When subjects
      were divided on the basis of control PRA the hemodynamic response to teprotide
      was greatest in the high renin group. PRA rose after teprotide (8.7 +/- 3.4 to
      37.9 +/- 7.7 ng/ml/hr, P less than 0.05) but plasma norepinephrine fell (619.1 +/
      103.6 to 449.7 +/- 75.7, P less than 0.05). The renin-angiotensin system thus
      appears to have an important role in the elevated SVR in some patients with heart
      failure. Chronic inhibition of converting enzyme should be explored as a possible
      therapeutic approach.

PMID- 699246
TI  - Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition in patients with congestive heart
      failure.
AB  - The etiology of afterload elevation in congestive cardiac failure is unclear, but
      experimental evidence suggests a role for the renin-angiotensin system in
      maintaining elevated peripheral vascular resistance. The angiotensin converting
      enzyme inhibitor SQ20,881 was administered to eight patients with congestive
      cardiac failure (four hypertensives, four normotensives) during or one day after
      diagnostic cardiac catheterization. Various hemodynamic measurements performed
      before and during blockade indicate that this agent caused improvement in cardiac
      function in all patients by decreasing afterload. This improvement correlated
      with the decrease in total vascular resistance but was independent of the
      baseline blood pressure and plasma renin activity. These results suggest that
      inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme is a worthwhile approach to the
      treatment of congestive heart failure, although its exact mechanism of action
      remains unclear.

PMID- 699247
TI  - Comparison of single-dose and double-dose thallium-201 myocardial perfusion
      scintigraphy for the detection of coronary artery disease and prior myocardial
      infarction.
AB  - Thallium-201 myocardial perfusion scintigraphy was performed after exercise, 4
      hours after exercise (redistribution) and after a separate rest injection in 87
      patients undergoing coronary arteriography. Significant coronary lesions were
      present in 62 of the patients. Interpretation of the rest and redistribution
      scintiscans was the same in 69 patients, 45 of whom had coronary artery disease
      (CAD). In 16 of the 17 patients with CAD and differing interpretations, defects
      were present on redistribution scintiscans but not on rest scintiscans; 11 of
      these patients had evidence of prior transmural myocardial infarction and the
      other five had an occluded coronary artery supplying the region of the defect.
      Redistribution scintiscans were more sensitive than rest scintiscans for the
      detection of prior myocardial infarction (93% vs 54%; P less than 0.01). The
      increased sensitivity was confined to the detection of prior inferior myocardial
      infarctions. In 36 of 38 patients with persistent perfusion defects on 4-hour
      redistribution scintiscans, either a prior infarction or an occluded coronary
      vessel was present. Exercise scintiscans were compared with rest scintiscans or
      with redistribution scintiscans for the detection of CAD. The sensitivity was not
      significantly different with either technique (90% and 89%, respectively), but
      both scintigraphic techniques were more sensitive than exercise
      electrocardiography (66%, P less than 0.01). These data demonstrate that
      redistribution thallium-201 scintiscans may be substituted for conventional rest
      scintiscans, resulting in reduced cost and radiation exposure to the patient.

PMID- 699248
TI  - Assessment of cardiac performance with quantitative radionuclide
      angiocardiography. Effects of oral propranolol on global and regional left
      ventricular function in coronary artery disease.
AB  - The effect of incremental dosages of oral propranolol (mean peak dose of 165 +/-
      13 mg/day) of left ventricular ejection fraction, ejection rate and regional wall
      motion was studied sequentially in 22 stable, resting patients with coronary
      artery disease using a geometry-independent first-pass radionuclide
      angiocardiographic technique. All patients improved clinically, in association
      with a fall in heart rate and therapeutic serum propranolol levels. No
      significant changes were noted in ejection fraction, ejection rate or regional
      wall motion. No patient developed a new regional wall motion disturbance. Thus,
      oral propranolol administered at clinically effective antianginal dosages in
      patients with stable coronary artery disease does not appear to have significant
      deleterious effects on resting left ventricular performance.

PMID- 699249
TI  - Staged surgical management of tetralogy of Fallot in infants.
AB  - A cohort of 61 consecutive patients 24 months of age of younger had palliative
      shunts for symptoms of tetralogy of Fallot during a 12-year period. Thirty-six of
      these patients have been followed through definitive intracardiac repair or to
      death. For analysis palliative operations were separated into two six-year
      periods, 1965--1970. During the first period seven of 30 infants operated on
      died; all 31 infants operated on during the second period survived. The Waterston
      anastomosis was performed most frequently (67%) during the first period; the
      Blalock-Taussig anastomosis was performed in 68% of infants during the second
      period. Of 54 hospital survivors, three died before definitive intracardiac
      repair. Two of the three interim deaths were related to heart disease. Twenty-six
      of the remaining 51 patients have had definitive intracardiac repair with two
      deaths (8%). Twenty-four in this group had intracardiac repair since 1973 with
      one hospital death (4%). The cumulative mortality for the entire cohort is 25%,
      but more recent experience (1971--77) indicates a cumulative mortality near 5%.
      The recent mortality rate for staged management is less than the 14% rate
      reported by others for primary intracardiac repair of tetralogy of Fallot in 205
      infants. We conclude that primary intracardiac repair has important advantages
      for infants with tetralogy of Fallot who have favorable anatomic features and no
      other associated cardiac lesions or medical problems. Staged management of
      tetralogy of Fallot is still recommended for infants with unfavorable anatomy,
      additional lesions or associated medical problems.

PMID- 699250
TI  - Echocardiographic evaluation of the postoperative tetralogy of Fallot patient.

PMID- 699251
TI  - Noninvasive assessment of left ventricular function from the mitral valve
      echogram. Relation of final anterior mitral leaflet closing velocity to peak
      dp/dt and aortic velocity.
AB  - Since final mitral valve (MV) closure and aortic ejection velocity are mediated
      by the same forces in early left ventricular (LV) contraction, the rate of final
      MV closure (BC slope) should reflect LV performance. We first verified whether
      peak final closing velocity (ds/dt) of the anterior MV leaflet (AMVL) is related
      to peak aortic ejection velocity (V) and LV dp/dt in 18 open-chest dogs. We then
      checked the validity of the relations in man. Our approach was to measure peak
      ds/dt, peak aortic acceleration (dV/dt) and peak LV dp/dt using electronic
      differentiation of analog signals of the AMVL echogram, V and LV pressure. In
      dogs, resting ds/dt averaged 26.9 +/- 9.0 (SD) cm/sec and changed significantly
      (P less than 0.001) after isoproterenol, propranolol, coronary ligation and
      aortic cross-clamping. We found good (P less than 0.001) correlations between
      ds/dt and V (r = 0.82), dV/dt ( r = 0.67) and dp/dt (r = 0.73). In man, resting
      ds/dt averaged 25.5 +/- 1.6 cm/sec in six normals. In 40 patients with coronary
      artery disease, restind ds/dt was lower (15.7 +/- 4.4 cm/sec; P less than 0.001)
      in the 19 with resting LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) greater than 12 mm Hg.
      Resting ds/dt correlated closely with V (r = 0.82, N = 10), dp/dt (r = 0.93, N =
      6), resting LVEDP (r = -0.67, N = 40), angiographic ejection fractions (r = 0.62,
      N = 40) as well as manually obtained BC slopes (r = 0.93, N = 40). Thus, final MV
      closing velocity provides  a useful and simple means for the objective
      noninvasive assessment of LV performance.

PMID- 699252
TI  - Echocardiographic features of constrictive pericarditis.
AB  - The most characteristic echocardiographic features of 12 patients with
      constrictive pericarditis were compared with the findings in 10 normal
      volunteers. Left ventricular posterior wall (LVPW) "flatness" was quantified by
      measuring the diastolic change in distance from the crystal artifact to the LVPW
      endocardium. In 11 of 12 patients the net diastolic LVPW endocardial movement was
      less than 1 mm. In 10 normal volunteers LVPW endocardium moved posteriorly in
      diastole from 1.5 to 4 mm (mean 2.2 +/- 0.8). Abnormal septal motion was present
      in five of 12 patients with constriction. Pericardial thickness measured using
      standard damping techniques for both cnstriction and normal population did not
      distinguish the two groups. The "flattening" of the left ventricular endocardium
      as quantified above verifies earlier qualitative observations and was the most
      consistent finding in this series of patients with constrictive pericarditis.

PMID- 699253
TI  - Aortic infarction following dissecting aortic aneurysm.
AB  - Aortic infarction was observed in 21 of 34 cases of dissecting aortic aneurysm.
      This lesion occurred as a central zone of necrosis with preserved elastic
      laminae, sparing media adjacent to the true and false lumens. In cases where the
      false lumen was occluded, the central infarction extended to this lumen. The
      infarction followed rather than preceded dissection, took approximately 48 hours
      to develop, and did not organize with time. The lesion occurred exclusively in
      the thoracic aorta, and bore no relationship to medial cystic necrosis. Present
      surgical therapy does not extirpate these areas, and the implication of these
      lesions in terms of management remains to be determined.

PMID- 699254
TI  - Platelet aggregation in aortic and coronary venous blood in patients with and
      without coronary disease. 3. Role of tachycardia stress and propranolol.
AB  - We studied 16 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) to evaluate platelet
      aggregation in blood samples withdrawn simultaneously from the aorta and coronary
      sinus. At rest, mean platelet aggregation in coronary venous blood was
      significantly lower than that in aortic blood. Platelet counts in coronary venous
      blood were also lower than in the aortic blood in each of the six CAD patients in
      whom counts were done. Platelet aggregation was lower in seven patients who were
      taking propranolol than in the remaining nine who were not taking propranolol.
      During tachycardia stress, platelet aggregation increased in all patients, but
      the magnitude of increase was greater in patients not taking propranolol. In four
      other patients without CAD, platelet aggregation and counts were also studied in
      the same fashion and were similar in both the aortic and coronary venous blood.
      These data suggest that in certain CAD patients, platelet consumption or
      destruction within atherosclerotic vasculature may occur. Propranolol may reduce
      platelet aggregation at rest and modify excessive aggregation during tachycardia
      stress in certain CAD patients.

PMID- 699255
TI  - ST segment changes post-infarction: predictive value for multivessel coronary
      disease and left ventricular aneurysm.
AB  - To ascertain whether exercise testing might predict multivessel coronary disease
      and left ventricular aneurysm after a myocardial infarction, 154 patients with a
      single documented myocardial infarction who had both exercise testing and
      coronary angiography were grouped according to whether they had greater than or
      equal to 1 mm ST depression, greater than or equal to 1 mm ST elevation, or
      neither during exercise testing: 83 patients developed ST depression alone (group
      1); 22 patients had ST elevation with concomitant ST depression in other leads
      (group 2); 19 patients had ST elevation alone (group 3); and 30 patients had no
      ST changes (group 4). Multivessel disease, defined as greater than or equal to
      70% luminal narrowing in two or more coronary vessels, was present in 76% (63 of
      83) of group 1, 91% (20 of 22) of group 2, 21% (four of 19) of group 3, and 13%
      (four of 30) of group 4. A left ventricular aneurysm was present in 31% (26 of
      83) of group 1, 68% (15 of 22) of group 2, 79% (15 of 19) of group 3, and 40% (12
      to 30) of group 1. We conclude that ST changes during exercise testing in
      patients after a myocardial infarction can reliably predict the extent of
      coronary disease and the presence of a left ventricular aneurysm; ST depression
      with or without ST elevation predicts multivessel disease; ST elevation alone or
      a negative exercise test suggests single vessel involvement; and ST elevation
      with or without ST depression predicts left ventricular aneurysm.

PMID- 699256
TI  - Electrocardiographic precordial mapping in anterior myocardial infarction. The
      critical period for interventions as exemplified by methylprednisolone.
AB  - Serial 72-point precordial mapping of ECG has been recorded to describe the
      natural history of changes in the precordial areas of ST segment elevation and
      the development of Q waves in 51 patients with acute uncomplicated anterior
      myocardial infarction. Eight patients have been studied in the same way but
      received 25 mg/kg of methylprednisolone sodium succinate as a single intravenous
      injection within 6 hours from the onset of chest pain. There was a linear
      relationship between the stable precordial area of Q waves at 24 hours and the
      rapidly changing precordial areas of ST segment elevation at 2--3 hours, 5--6
      hours and 12 hours after the onset of pain in the untreated patients. When
      methylprednisolone was given, the treated patients developed a smaller precordial
      area of Q waves at 24 hours than was predicted from the precordial area of ST
      elevation recorded before the drug was given. This study has introduced a
      technique that can provide a qualitative assessment of the relationship between
      ECG evidence of ischemia and infarction in each patient.

PMID- 699257
TI  - Impedance plethysmography: the relationship between venous filling and
      sensitivity and specificity for proximal vein thrombosis.
AB  - We investigated the hypothesis that the diagnostic accuracy of impedance
      plethysmography (IPG) for thrombosis of the popliteal or more proximal veins
      increases with enhanced venous filling. Venous filling was increased by
      prolonging cuff occlusion and by sequential testing. IPG and vengography were
      performed on 169 legs with and 317 legs without proximal vein thrombosis. The
      sensitivity and specificity of IPG rose significantly with increased venous
      filling. Changes in venous filling were associated with corresponding changes in
      emptying in normal legs, but not those with proximal vein thrombosis, so that the
      regression lines relating venous filling and emptying in normal and abnormal legs
      diverged significantly (P less than 0.001). If the IPG sequence had been
      terminated after only a single 45 second occlusion time test, sensitivity would
      have deteriorated by 10% and specificity by 20%. These observations indicate that
      the accuracy of IPG can be significantly enhanced if optimal venous filling is
      obtained.

PMID- 699258
TI  - Arterial insufficiency of the hand evaluated by digital blood pressure and
      arteriographic findings.
AB  - In 80 hands with arterial occlusive disease, systolic blood pressure at the wrist
      and in all fingers was measured by photoelectric plethysmography. The correlation
      of such pressures with angiographic evidence of organic obstruction or the
      development of digital ischemic signs was studied. Digital blood pressure was
      normal in all 184 fingers in which there was at least one obstruction-free
      arterial path to and through the finger. Ischemic signs developed in only one. Of
      203 fingers with occlusion in vessels in or leading to both sides of the finger,
      a decreased pressure was seen in 173 and a normal pressure in 30. Ischemic signs
      were observed in 132 of 173 fingers with a decreased pressure, and in two of 30
      with a normal pressure. The clinical significance of measurement of digital blood
      pressure in arterial occlusive disease is discussed.

PMID- 699259
TI  - Stability of blood pressure rank and urinary kallikrein concentration in
      childhood: an eight-year follow-up.
AB  - Previous studies in a population of 721 children aged 2--14 years demonstrated
      the familial aggregation of blood pressure in children, and a significant
      regression coefficient (b = 0.25) of follow-up on initial blood pressures over a
      four-year period. Urinary kallikrein concentration (UKal) also aggregated in
      families, was lower in black than in white children and was inversely related to
      blood pressure. Further studies in the same cohort have been conducted. These
      variables were again measured in 484 children in 129 families seven to eight
      years after the initial blood pressure and three to four years after the original
      UKal measurements were made. Familial aggregation again was found for blood
      pressure and urinary kallikrein. Blood pressure tracking was demonstrated by the
      finding that blood pressure scores at the third survey were related significantly
      to those at both previous surveys. Kallikrein concentrations in casual urines at
      Survey 3 were related to those obtained at Survey 2 (r = 0.499), and were again
      significantly lower in black than in white children (log = 3.84 +/- 0.8 vs 4.37
      +/- 0.7; P less than 0.001). These were significant inverse relations between
      UKal/creatinine concentration and blood pressure in both white and black
      children. Thus, familial aggregation of blood pressure, blood pressure rank and
      concentration of kallikrein in casual urine specimes are relatively stable in
      children over an eight-year period of observation. This study demonstrates in a
      free living population of normal children, a stable relation between blood
      pressure and an enzyme which is involved in the production of potent vasodilator
      peptides and is related to hypertension in adults.

PMID- 699260
TI  - Cardiac manifestations of malignant hyperthermia susceptibility.
AB  - Malignant hyperthermia is a disease resulting from defective cellular membranes,
      usually presenting as drug-induced pyrexic crises. We describe four patients with
      life threatening ventricular arrhythmias or chest pain in the absence of pyrexic
      crises. Three presented with life threatening arrhythmias and the fourth with
      severe atypical chest pain. Two patients had a family history of multiple sudden
      deaths. Resting CKs were elevated in three patients while CK-MB was elevated in
      one. Resting ECGs were abnormal in three. Three patients had recurrent
      ventricular tachycardia, two had recurrent ventricular fibrillation and multiple
      cardiac arrests. Cardiac catheterization showed abnormal left ventricular wall
      motion in two and minimal mitral valve prolapse in one while all had normal
      coronary arteries. Thallium-201 myocardial imaging demonstrated large perfusion
      defects in the patient with electrocardiographic Q waves and normal coronary
      arteries. Myocardial involvement has been demonstrated by clinical,
      electrocardiographic, hemodynamic, angiographic and myocardial imaging
      abnormalities. Malignant arrhythmias occurred in these patients in the absence of
      pyrexic crises or drug admininstration. Abnormal calcium release in the
      myocardium, as documented in skeletal muscle membranes, may be a unifying concept
      for the various manifestations described.

PMID- 699261
TI  - Radiation exposure to the operator performing cardiac angiography with U-arm
      systems.
AB  - We measured the radiation exposure received by a group of operators performing
      700 coronary angiograms. All studies were performed using the brachial artery
      approach and the Philips Cardio Diagnost. Nineteen sites were monitored on each
      operator, using lithium fluoride thermoluminescent dosimeters. Four hundred
      examinations were performed with a table-mounted protective shield in place.
      Three hundred were performed without the shield. The average exposures (in mR per
      study) with and without the shield were 1.9/6 for the eyes and 1.4/8.3 for the
      thyroid. The resulting operator exposure with the shield in place is low enough
      so that an operator performing 25 procedures per week on a continuous basis will
      not exceed the recommendations of the National Commission on Radiological
      Protection and Units. We therefore strongly recommend the use of properly
      designed and appropriately positioned shield with all U-arm systems.

PMID- 699262
TI  - Temporary, catheter-induced block in accessory pathways.
AB  - Catheter-induced conduction delay or block in the accessory atrioventricular
      pathway of four patients with the preexcitation syndrome was observed. Block in
      the accessory pathway occurred during routine catheter placement and lasted from
      90 seconds--14 hours. All of the pathways were in locations readily accessible to
      catheter trauma, located in the right anterior septal/paraseptal area in three
      patients, and in the posterior septum near the orifice of the coronary sinus in
      the fourth. The location of the acessory pathway was confirmed at surgery by
      endocardial mapping in three of the four patients. The fourth patient did not
      undergo survey. These findings suggest the need for caution in performing and
      interpreting electrode catheter studies which are undertaken to document the
      presence of accessory pathways.

PMID- 699263
TI  - Electrophysiological demonstration of concealed conduction in the human atrium.
AB  - In the course of electrophysiological evaluation of six patients with sick sinus
      syndrome, two patients with chronic conduction system disease and four patients
      with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia or atrial flutter-fibrillation, the
      phenomenon of concealed conduction within the atrium (At) was repeatedly
      observed. One pair of intracardiac electrodes was used to deliver electrical
      stimulus (St) to the high right At and two additional pairs of electrodes were
      utilized to record high right and low septal right atrial electrograms. The
      interelectrode distances were 10 mm apart. In all 12 patients, high right atrial
      capture could be accomplished at a pacing rate of greater than or equal to 200
      beats/min. Concealed intra-atrial conduction was evident when the intra-atrial
      conduction time of the propagated St during 2:1 St-At block was more than 40 msec
      longer than that during 1:1 St-At conduction at half the St frequency. This
      indicated that the nonpropagated St during 2:1 St-At block partially penetrated
      the At and in turn, delayed conduction of the subsequently propagated St. Futher
      observations revealed that a gradual increase in the St frequency resulted in a
      progressive prolongation of the intra-atrial conduction time and a shifting of
      2:1 to 3:1 St-At block (alternating Wenckebach periodicity in the At) in five
      patients. These findings clearly demonstrate the occurrence of concealed
      conduction in the human At.

PMID- 699264
TI  - Demonstration of intra-atrial conduction delay, block, gap and reentry: a report
      of two cases.

PMID- 699266
TI  - Calculating stroke volume from the mitral echogram.

PMID- 699265
TI  - Fibrolipoma of the mitral valve in a child. Clinical and echocardiographic
      features.
AB  - Echocardiographic examination, performed in a 12-year-old boy who had signs of
      mitral regulation, showed the presence of an abnormal mass of echoes in the left
      atrium and mitral orifice. These were initially interpreted as representing an
      atrial myxoma. Surgical exploration showed that the tumor originated from the
      posterior leaflet of the mitral valve, and, microscopically, the lesion was
      diagnosed as a fibrolipoma. The clinical and echocardiographic features of this
      unique type of cardiac tumor are discussed.

PMID- 699267
TI  - Changes in coronary sinus blood flow.

PMID- 699268
TI  - LDH isoenzymes and acute MI.

PMID- 699269
TI  - Rescuing the ST segment during exercise.

PMID- 699270
TI  - Surgical approach to carcinoma of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses with
      extension to the base of the skull.

PMID- 699271
TI  - Cancer and biophysics: current developments.

PMID- 699272
TI  - Automated metabolic profiling of organic acids in human urine. I. Description of
      methods.
AB  - We describe a complete procedure for separation and mechanized analysis of
      organic acids in human urine. The acid fraction of urine is separated by anion
      exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethyl-Sephadex. Individual acids are
      identified and measured by use of a gas-chromatography/mass spectrometer/computer
      system that can clearly distinguish contributions from at least 150 substances in
      a single sample. We discuss analytical recoveries, contributions from the sample
      separation process, stability of stored samples before and after processing, and
      reproducibility of the extraction procedure.

PMID- 699273
TI  - Automated metabolic profiling of organic acids in human urine. II. Analysis of
      urine samples from "healthy" adults, sick children, and children with
      neuroblastoma.
AB  - Normalized median, minimum, and maximum values (analytical concentration factors)
      are given for 134 organic acids in urine of nine adult control subjects, five
      juvenile control subjects, and five children with neuroblastoma. The organic
      acids, separated by anion-exchange chromatography, were analyzed by a gas
      chromatograph-mass spectrometer-computer system. Sixty substances in this
      fraction are positively identified, and, of these, mean absolute concentrations
      are listed for 20. An additional 81 substances, sought but not found by this
      method, and 16 other substances found in a subset of these urines by another
      analytical method, are also listed. Measured retention indices on 5% OV-17 and a
      selected discriminating ion are given for each of the total of 231 compounds.
      Results are compared for the three groups of subjects, and the value of
      normalizing the data is discussed.

PMID- 699274
TI  - Simple method for estimating glycosylated hemoglobins, and its application to
      evaluation of diabetic patients.
AB  - Recent reports have suggested that determination of glycosylated hemoglobin may
      serve as a clinical aid for long-term blood glucose control in diabetes mellitus.
      We describe a simple procedure for measuring it by ion-exchange chromatography.
      Hemolysates were subjected to Bio-Rex 70 chromatographic separation on small
      columns. Percentages in the normal group ranged from 4.7 to 8.8% of total
      hemoglobin; the mean +/- standard error was 6.61 +/- 0.31%. Values in the
      diabetic group ranged from 6.9 to 17.4%; the mean was 10.83 +/- 0.34. Plasma
      glucose concentrations after fasting, plotted vs. the percent of glycosylated
      hemoglobin, revealed a linear relationship at normal or moderately high glucose
      concentrations. However, the values for glycosylated hemolgobin approached a
      plateau with grossly higher plasma glucose concentrations after fasting. Our
      results support the view that, due to its long half-life, the estimation of
      glycoylated hemoglobin reflects the integrated glucose concentrations to which
      the erythrocytes have been previously exposed.

PMID- 699275
TI  - Evaluation of a glassy-carbon electrode for amperometric detection of selected
      methylxanthines in serum after their separation by reversed-phase chromatography.
AB  - We examined the relative merits of direct-current, pulse, and differential pulse
      amperometry at a flow-through, glassy-carbon electrode used in monitoring column
      chromatography. We give a rapid, simple procedure for determining theophylline
      (1,3-dimethylxanthine) in 20--100 microliter of blood serum. Interference by 1,7
      dimethylxanthine, a metabolite of caffeine, is compared for photometric and
      amperometric detection, and some advantages of combined photometric and
      amperometric detection are discussed.

PMID- 699276
TI  - Negative-ion mass spectrometry of amphetamine congeners.
AB  - Negative-ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry with a conventional combined
      gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer has been used for the analysis of amphetamine
      like compounds. Ammonia was used as the reagent gas, which gives rise to few but
      specific sample-fragment ions, such as (M--1)- as the base peak, m/z 91, and a
      smaller peak corresponding to the end part of the side chain. Five reference
      compounds and a urine sample from an overdose case were analyzed. Comparative
      positive-ion chemical ionization reference spectra were also recorded.

PMID- 699277
TI  - Enzymic fluorometric continuous-flow assays for blood glucose, lactate, pyruvate,
      alanine, glycerol, and 3-hydroxybutyrate.
AB  - We describe enzymic fluorometric methods of automated analysis for glucose,
      lactate, pyruvate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, glycerol, and alanine in perchloric acid
      extracts of blood. Unmodified Technicon AutoAnalyzer II apparatus is used. The
      usual concentrations of all these metabolites can be measured in as little as 0.1
      ml of blood from a fasting subject. Within-batch and between-batch coefficients
      of variation ranged from 0.4 to 4.4% for all metabolites except 3
      hydroxybutyrate, for which CV's were higher for low concentrations. Analytical
      recovery of added metabolites ranged from 92 to 98%. Glucose, lactate, alanine,
      and 3-hydroxybutyrate are stable in perchloric acid extracts for at least 13 days
      at room temperature, and a year at -20 degrees C; pyruvate shows a 6--8% loss
      after 3 days and 52% by one year at -20 degrees C; glycerol concentrations were
      stable at -20 degrees C for at least 13 days. Blank fluorescence is found in
      perchloric acid extracts of blood, necessitating blank runs for pyruvate, 3
      hydroxybutyrate, glycerol, and alanine. The systems are simple to use, relatively
      inexpensive to operate, and are recommended for any laboratory with high
      throughput of samples.

PMID- 699278
TI  - Enzymic micro-assay for blood glutamine.
AB  - Blood glutamine is hydrolyzed by glutaminase; the resulting ammonia is dialyzed
      out and measured by use of a continuous-flow colorimetric microassay.
      Concentrations in the range of 10 to 1300 micromol of glutamine per liter can be
      determined in a 40-microliter sample. With slight modifications, higher
      concentrations, up to 5 mmol/liter, can be measured. Assay conditions and the
      qualities of the microtechnique were made optimal. Usual values obtained with
      this method for arterial and venous blood in man are, respectively, 443 +/- 140
      and 466 +/- 142 micromol/liter (mean +/- 2 SD). Corresponding values for rats are
      320 +/- 92 and 340 +/- 108 micromol/liter. Fasting causes a decreased blood
      glutamine.

PMID- 699279
TI  - Measurement of three aminoglycosiee antibiotics with a single radioimmunoassay
      system.
AB  - A versatile radioimmunoassay procedure has been developed to specifically assay
      gentamicin, tobramycin, or amikacin. Iodinated derivatives of these three
      antibiotics were prepared by a modified Bolton and Hunter procedure. A single
      reagent system composed of a pool of three very specific antisera was used in the
      procedure. The antisera combination did not alter the specificity of the
      procedure. Validation of the assay of the three antibiotics included studies of
      parallelism, accuracy, precision, reproducibility, and method comparison with
      other radioimmunoassay procedures involving single antiserum systems. We discuss
      the application of this multiple assay capability to other procedures involving
      use of immunochemicals.

PMID- 699280
TI  - Thyroid hormone contamination in crystalline diiodotyrosine.
AB  - Crystalline preparations of diiodotyrosine contain trace quantities of thyroxine
      that can be detected by several competitive radioassays and by chromatography on
      Sephadex. Spontaneous coupling of diiodotyrosine to thyroxine during iodination
      of tyrosine and coprecipitation of hormone with diiodotyrosine crystals are
      likely explanations for the trace contamination. We discuss the significance of
      these findings in relation to studies on the biosynthesis of thyroxine.

PMID- 699281
TI  - High-performance liquid-chromatographic determination of free nicotinic acid and
      its metabolite, nicotinuric acid, in plasma and urine.
AB  - We report a liquid-chromatographic procedure for determining free nicotinic acid
      and a metabolite, nicotinuric acid, in plasma and urine. Five-tenths milliliter
      of urine or deproteinized plasma is evaporated and the residue analyzed
      isocratically by reversed-phase ion-pair chromatography, with measurement of the
      eluted nicotinic acid and nicotinuric acid at 254 nm. Nicotinic acid, nicotinuric
      acid, and the internal standard (isonicotinic acid) have retention times of 7.8,
      8.4, and 6.8 min, respectively, in plasma, and 12.3, 13.1, and 10.8 min in urine,
      because of double column length. Day-to-day reproducibilities (CV) for nicotinic
      acid and nicotinuric acid within 7.5% are attainable for the concentration ranges
      0.1--20 mg/liter, equivalent to 0.81--162 micromol of nicotinic acid and 0.55--11
      micromol of nicotinuric acid per liter for plasma; in urine for the range 0.5-
      100 mg/liter, equivalent to 4--810 micromol of nicotinic acid and 2.8--555
      micromol of nicotinuric acid per liter. Metabolites of nicotinic acid such as
      nicotinamide, N-methylnicotinamide, 2-hydroxypyridine-5-carboxylic acid, and
      other structurally related substances do not interfere.

PMID- 699282
TI  - Determination of a trivariate reference region for free thyroxine index, free
      triiodothyronine index, and thyrotropin from results obtained in a health survey
      of middle-aged women.
AB  - We measured free thyroxine index, free triiodothyronine index, and thyrotropin in
      serum in a community survey of the female population 39--60 years old. A
      statistical method using Mahalanobis' distance was applied to the data, to
      identify and eliminate highly abnormal values, "outliers." There was a small but
      statistically significant increase in each of the three hormones with age. After
      correction for age dependency, significant but rather small correlations were
      found between the hormones. The material was used to calculate univariate
      reference intervals and a trivariate 0.95-tolerance region.

PMID- 699283
TI  - Modified erythrocyte uroporphyrinogen I synthase assay, and its clinical
      interpretation.
AB  - Assay of erythrocyte uroporphyrinogen I synthase is an accepted diagnostic test
      for acute intermittent porphyria, particularly in those individuals who are
      asymptomatic or in whom the disease is not biochemically manifested by excretion
      of excess porphyrin precursor. The assay described is based upon a coupled-enzyme
      procedure in which added delta-aminolevulinic acid and its dehydratase present in
      erythrocytes are used to generate porphobilinogen as substrate for
      uroporphyrinogen synthase. Zinc and dithiothreitol are added with preincubation
      to give maximum activity and reproducibility. These agents also prevent
      inhibition by lead. Healthy young women had a mean activity of 40 nmol of
      porphyrin formed per milliliter of erythrocytes per hour, men and activity of 38
      nmol/ml/h. Preparation of control specimens is described. This assay gave within
      day CVs ranging from 1.9 to 2.8%. Precautions in interpretation of results are
      discussed.

PMID- 699284
TI  - Neonatal thyroxine screening by use of a single-tube solid-phase
      radioimmunoassay.
AB  - Filter paper discs saturated with dried blood can be used in the Immunotube solid
      phase thyroxine radioimmunoassay. This assay utilizes polypropylene tubes to
      which antibody to thyroxine is covalently bound. The filter paper standards and
      samples are placed in the tubes, followed by an assay buffer that contains I125
      labeled thyroxine and compounds to displace thyroxine from its binding proteins.
      After incubation, bound and free thyroxine are separated by aspirating or
      decanting the disc and buffer from the tube. The test can be used with 0.32 cm
      (1/8 inch) or 0.64 cm(1/4 inch) discs, and gives quantitative results that
      correlate well with those for serum samples. The intra-assay coefficient of
      variation is less than 10%. The assay may readily be mechanized with existing
      disc-punching equipment, and results of its use in mass screening programs are
      described.

PMID- 699285
TI  - Increased D-glucaric acid excretion by jaundiced patients.
AB  - The urinary excretion of D-glucaric acid, a catabolite of glucuronic acid, is
      considered to be a reliable index of the state of hepatic microsomal enzyme
      activity. Because enzyme activity may be altered in liver disease, we examined
      the effect of liver disease on the excretion of this metabolite and its
      correlation with liver function tests. We studied 89 patients with nonhemolytic
      jaundice, 39 with viral hepatitis, 33 with obstructive jaundice, six with
      cirrhosis, and 11 patients with jaundice of mixed etiology. Glucaric acid
      excretion was significantly increased in all these patients as compared to
      controls, most pronounced in the obstructive jaundice group. No correlation was
      found between glucaric acid excretion and concentrations of bilirubin, albumin,
      globulin, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, or gamma
      glutamyltransferase in serum, even though the concentrations of these analytes
      did vary with the type of liver disease. We suggest that this increase in
      glucaric acid excretion is an indication of normal or even increased
      glucuronidation (UDP-glucuronosyltransferase activity), which occurs in liver
      disease.

PMID- 699286
TI  - Is serum cholinesterase activity a predictor of succinyl choline sensitivity? An
      assessment of four methods.
AB  - Four methods for measuring serum cholinesterase activity have been applied to
      sera of normal individuals and of patients shown to be sensitive to short-acting
      muscle relaxants of the succinyldicholine type. They have been assessed according
      to their ability to differentiate between sensitive and insensitive individuals
      on the basis of enzyme activity measurements alone. The method described, based
      upon that of Dietz et al. [Clin. Chem. 19, 1309 (1973)], in which
      propionylthiocholine is used as substrate, is best for this purpose, being
      capable of identifying over 90% of affected individuals with no false positives.
      Acetylcholine and butyrylthiocholine are slightly inferior substrates in this
      respect, and benzoylcholine gives little useful information.

PMID- 699287
TI  - Use of polyethylene glycol in radioimmunoassay of human placental lactogen.
AB  - We describe a rapid radioimmunoassay for human placental lactogen in biological
      fluids, with use of polyethylene glycol to separate free from antibody-bound
      placental lactogen. The standard curve obtained, easily fitted to a logit-log
      transformation, is useful over a concentration range of 6 to 400 ug/liter. Within
      assay variability is 1.97%, between-assay variability 2.20%. The relation is
      linear when lactogen added is plotted against that accounted for analytically,
      the actual recovery being 100.26%.

PMID- 699288
TI  - Improved micromethod for determination of underivatized clonazepam in serum by
      gas chromatography.
AB  - We describe a gas-chromatographic micromethod, with use of a solid injection
      system and an electron capture detector, for determination of underivatized
      clonazepam in serum. Vigorous mixing of 100 microliter of serum with 20
      microliter of borate buffer (pH 9.0) and 100 microliter of a
      cyclohexane/dichloromethane mixture (4/6 by vol) containing methyl nitrazepam as
      internal standard suffices to extract 86% of the clonazepam into the organic
      layer. We obtained a linear response curve for clonazepam in serum in the
      concentration range 5 to 150 microgram/liter. The lowest detectable concentration
      by our method is about 1 microgram/liter of serum. Interference by several
      anticonvulsant drugs, metabolites, and related compounds was investigated. The
      assay is simple, rapid, and suitable for clinical routine determination of
      clonazepam in serum in therapeutic concentrations. We illustrate the steady-state
      concentration of clonazepam in serum during chronic oral administration to 28
      patients.

PMID- 699289
TI  - Effects of bilirubin on detection of hydrogen peroxide by use of peroxidase.
AB  - Bilitubin interferes with the quantitation of hydrogen peroxide in reagent
      systems in which peroxidase is used. Difference spectra suggest that this
      interference is a combination of chemical and spectral effects. The data
      presented are most consistent with the following interpretation: (a) bilirubin
      destroys part of the reactive intermediate formed in the peroxidase reaction and
      thus decreases the amount of chromophore formed and (b) the spectra for bilirubin
      and the chromaphore overlap, which also affects the results. The relevance of
      these results to reagent design and laboratory quality control are discussed.

PMID- 699290
TI  - A method of assessing serum triiodothyronine concentrations that is independent
      of subject's age and variations in concentrations of binding proteins in serum.
AB  - Pairs of values for serum triiodothyronine and serum triiodothyronine binding
      capacity were represented as maps of points for euthyroid populations (including
      subjects who were pregnant or were receiving estrogens) in the age groups 18-50,
      51-64, 65-79, and greater than 80 years (504 subjects) and thyrotoxic populations
      in the same age groups (207 subjects). For each age group the two populations
      were effectively separated bythe technique. Statistical analysis by the method of
      principal components justified the combination of all the age-related maps into a
      single map, allowing the assessment of serum triiodothyronine regardless of age
      or concentration of binding proteins in serum. The overlap of the combined
      populations was less than 1%. The method proposed is superior to a calculation of
      free triiodothyronine index in several respects.

PMID- 699291
TI  - Immobilized-enzyme nylon-tube reactor for routine determination of uric acid in
      serum.
AB  - We report here the preparation of an immobilized-enzyme nylon-tube reactor
      containing uricase (EC 1.7.3.3) and the assembly of a flow-through system
      (Technicon AutoAnalyzer II) for the routine determination of uric acid in serum.
      Results of these uric acid analyses by use of immobilized uricase, in conjunction
      with peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) and aminophenazone-dichlorophenol in solution, are
      compared with those obtained with the same enzyme in solution by use of the
      uricase-PAP (peroxidase, 4-aminophenazone, dichlorophenol) method. Clinical
      trials carried out routinely with the uricase reactor give reliable and
      reproducible results with high precision at an appreciably lower cost. The
      reactors are stable to continued or intermittent use for at least three months or
      for 4000 tests.

PMID- 699292
TI  - Increased creatine kinase isoenzyme MB values in patients without myocardial
      infarct.
AB  - Six of 13 randomly selected patients in a medical intensive-care unit with above
      normal creatine kinase MB activities had diagnoses other than myocardial
      infarction. These data, which indicate the need for further study, were obtained
      during evaluation of a commercially available column procedure (Biodynamics/bmc).

PMID- 699293
TI  - Gas--liquid chromatographic microdetermination of underivatized ethosuximide
      (alpha-ethyl-alpha-methyl succinimide) in plasma or serum.
AB  - A gas-liquid chromatographic procedure for the microdetermination of ethosuximide
      is described. Ethosuximide is extracted from acidified plasma or serum into
      chloroform containing an internal standard alpha,alpha-dimethyl-beta-methyl
      succinimide. Part of the initial chloroform extract is gently evaporated, the
      residue redissolved in n-heptane at 60 degrees C, and an aliquot analyzed by gas
      liquid chromatography. The procedure is rapid, reliable, sensitive, and specific.
      It requires a 25--50 microliter sample for a single estimation, has a detection
      threshold of less than 10 micromol/liter, and is suitable for routine clinical
      use.

PMID- 699294
TI  - Distribution of thioridazine and its metabolites in human tissues and fluids
      obtained postmortem.
AB  - Thioridazine and metabolites were measured in brain, liver, and kidney specimens,
      obtained postmortem from two subjects whose deaths were related to acute
      intoxication with thioridazine, by gas-liquid chromatography. Although the
      absolute concentration measured for thioridazine and metabolites differed in the
      two cases, the metabolic pattern for each tissue, expressed in terms of the
      percentage of total drug in each tissue, was quite similar. The brain, liver, and
      kidney metabolic patterns, however, are in sharp contrast to the plasma
      metabolite patterns observed for subjects on a therapeutic regimen of
      thioridazine. As this example demonstrates, postmortem specimens are a valuable
      (but seldom used) source of human pharmacological data.

PMID- 699295
TI  - Plasma estriol vs. estrogen assays in 24-h urines as an index to fetal status.
AB  - Conventionally, urinary estrogens are measured to monitor fetal well-being in the
      third trimester of pregnancy. There are many theoretical and practical advantages
      to the use of recently introduced plasma estriol assays; consequently, we
      undertook to compare the results of a spectrophotometric assay for total urinary
      estrogen with values for plasma total and free (unconjugated) estriol obtained by
      radioimmunoassay with commercially available kits. The data correlate well, r =
      0.70 for plasma total estriol with urinary estrogen (expressed as milligrams of
      estrogens per gram of creatinine [E/C]), r = 0.79 for plasma free estriol with
      E/C, and r = 0.71 between the two plasma values. Minute-to-minute fluctuations
      during 90 min and day-to-day fluctuations followed during five days suggest that
      fluctuations of up to +/- 45% are within the normal range (means +/- SD of the
      day-to-day fluctuations were 16.9 +/- 7.7% and 15.6+/- 8.2%). Turn-around time is
      a minimum of 29 h for the urinary estrogen assay, 4.5 h for the plasma total
      estriol, and 3 h for the plasma free estriol.

PMID- 699297
TI  - Alternative mechanized method for analysis for inorganic phosphate without
      reduction.
AB  - The mechanized measurement of inorganic phosphate in plasma can be achieved
      without reduction by only minor alterations to an existing continuous-flow
      reduction procedure. The method is based on the enhancement of the extinction of
      the phosphomolybdate complex by the detergent Triton X-100. Results obtained
      agree well with those obtained by the standard reduction (Fiske-SubbaRow)
      procedure. The correlation coefficient between the two methods was 0.996 and
      statistical analysis of the data confirmed very good agreement between the two
      sets of values.

PMID- 699296
TI  - Reduced-volume radioimmunoassays for parathyrin and calcitonin in serum, for use
      in pediatric and small-animal studies.
AB  - Radioimmunoassays for circulating parathyrin and calcitonin used in most
      laboratories require 0.6--0.7 ml of serum or plasma, or more, for assay of one
      hormone. Such volumes are often difficult to obtain safely or repeatedly from
      pediatric patients or in small-animal studies. We modified our existing
      procedures to markedly decrease sample and reagent requirements. All reagent
      volumes were proportionately reduced to one-fourth the usual (from 500 microliter
      final incubation volume to 125 microliter), and serum or plasma volumes from 200,
      100, and 50 microliter to 50, 25, and 10 microliter. We used smaller (10.3 X 50
      mm) tubes and slightly modified the separation with charcoal. Results, validated
      by studies in rats, showed the sensitivity to match that of the usual assays;
      inter- and intra-assay variance was less than 20%. Simultaneous regular- and
      reduced-volume assays of parathyrin in sera from 19 children gave almost
      identical results (r = 0.9987). Both hormones can be assayed in less than 400
      microliter of serum.

PMID- 699298
TI  - Modified Jendrassik--Grof method for bilirubins adapted to the Abbott Bichromatic
      Analyzer.
AB  - I describe a semi-micro method for use with a discrete analyzer, the Abbott ABA
      100, requiring 75 microliter of sample for determination of both the total and
      direct bilirubins. This method utilizes a serum blank. It is simple and
      reasonably rapid. The azobilirubin formed by both the total and the direct
      bilirubins produces a reddish-violet color, which is measured at 550 nm. Values
      obtained are comparable to those by the automated Jendrassik and Grof procedure
      adapted by Gambino and Schreiber (total r = 0.999, direct r = 0.990). The method
      is linear to 300 mg/liter. Day-to-day precision (CV) for the total bilirubin was
      8.8% for a 8 mg/liter sample (n = 45) and 4.7% for a 57 mg/liter sample (n = 46).
      The absorbance of hemoglobin and its derivatives (540 nm) caused a false decrease
      in the measured bilirubin content, the direct being more affected than the total.
      This problem was alleviated by the use of caffeine and acid blanks.

PMID- 699299
TI  - Improved enzymic uric acid determination.

PMID- 699300
TI  - Improved micro-scale high-pressure liquid-chromatographic assay of gentamicin in
      plasma.

PMID- 699301
TI  - Cephalosporin antibiotic interference with analysis for theophylline by high
      performance liquid chromatography.

PMID- 699302
TI  - A useful modification to the colorimetric assay of inorganic phosphorus and
      alkaline phosphatase in serum.

PMID- 699303
TI  - Is there a high-affinity estrogen binder in human serum?

PMID- 699304
TI  - Albumin-bound fluorescence: a potential source of error in fluorometric assay of
      creatine kinase BB isoenzyme.

PMID- 699305
TI  - A case of isolated increase in serum alkaline phosphatase activity.

PMID- 699306
TI  - Negligible effect of bilirubin on serum creatinine measurement by the kinetic
      Jaffe method.

PMID- 699307
TI  - Standardization of cerebrospinal fluid protein determined with the Du Pont aca.

PMID- 699308
TI  - Creatine kinase isoenzyme BB increases in serum after cardiac surgery.

PMID- 699309
TI  - Normal values for urinary 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid (VMA) in children.

PMID- 699310
TI  - Variation of trace binding in digoxin radioimmunoassay by use of 125I-labeled 3-O
      succinyl-digoxigenin: relation of thyroxine concentration to binding.

PMID- 699311
TI  - Improved gas-chromatographic analysis for anticonvulsants.

PMID- 699312
TI  - Evaluation of the Space Stat 30 sodium/potassium ion analyzer.

PMID- 699313
TI  - Detection of bovine serum albumin interference in radioimmunoassay systems.

PMID- 699314
TI  - Interlaboratory comparison of lead and cadmium in blood, urine, and aqueous
      solutions.
AB  - Analysis for lead and cadmium in biological liquids (blood and urine) is
      difficult. Results of such analyses from five laboratories are compared for
      samples with known additions of lead and cadmium. The data, evaluated in terms of
      inter- and intralaboratory reproducibility and accuracy, suggest that
      laboratories should voluntarily participate in quality control programs. Users of
      routine laboratories are advised to use their own quality control program.

PMID- 699315
TI  - Evaluation of the discriminative power of lipidophoresis by discriminant analysis
      using a simple quantitative method of agarose lipidophoresis.
AB  - A simple, reproducible and quantitative method for separation of lipoproteins in
      agarose is presented. The validity of the results is shown by comparison with
      gravimetric analysis of fractions separated by ultracentrifugation in a
      discontinuous NaCl-KBr gradient. Results for a large group of normals and of
      patients with various lipid disorders are presented, and discriminant analysis is
      used to evaluate objectively the potential of lipidophoresis in the
      classification of hyperlipoproteinemias. It is shown that quantitative
      lipidophoresis gives as much information as the determination of cholesterol and
      triglycerides, for classification purposes.

PMID- 699316
TI  - A simplified assay for methotrexate in biological fluids using a crude yeast
      lysate.
AB  - Routine pharmacokinetic monitoring of methotrexate levels in biological fluids
      appears to be important for clinical applications involving large doses of
      methotrexate with leucovorin rescue. Recently several laboratories have
      independently described a competitive radiobinding assay that has the necessary
      sensitivity, precision and simplicity for this purpose. This study describes a
      modification of this assay method using a lysate of dry, active yeast as a source
      of binding activity. The assay is sensitive at blood concentrations of about 1
      nM. No significant interference can be shown with naturally occurring folates.
      Specificity has also been shown by recovery experiments from serum and urine.
      Thus this modified assay matches the previously described radiobinding assays but
      with the advantage of using a methotrexate binding reagent that is readily
      available and quite inexpensive.

PMID- 699317
TI  - Rapid colorimetric methods for quantitative lipoprotein-X determination without
      electrophoresis.
AB  - Two procedures for quantitative determination of the cholestasis-characterizing
      lipoprotein-X are described. Both procedures are based on ether-extract-ability
      of phospholipids which are relatively loosely bound in lipoprotein-X. The
      presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide at adequate concentration allowed
      complete ether extraction of phospholipids from lipoprotein-X even at low
      concentration, without affecting the phospholipids of normal lipoproteins. In one
      modification phospholipids were extracted into ether ion-paired with a bilirubin
      conjugate (e.g. Woodward's K conjugate) the concentration of which was then
      estimated in the ether extract. In the second modification phospholipids were
      directly determined in the ether extract. Calibration was done either with a
      lipoprotein-X concentrate or with a clear sonicated lecithin sol added to normal
      serum. The results obtained by both methods are in a good agreement with the
      results by agar gel electrophoresis.

PMID- 699318
TI  - Metal-binding studies of metallothioneins in Menkes kinky hair disease.
AB  - Two species of metallothioneins were isolated from both normal and Menkes kinky
      hair disease (MKHD) patient livers. Atomic absorption determination of metals
      indicated that the patient liver metallothioneins had lower copper and cadmium
      content than normals. Isotope exchange studies, carried out by incubating native
      metallothioneins with copper-64 or cadmium-109 demonstrated a decreased affinity
      for copper and an increased affinity for cadmium in both MKHD metallothioneins.
      An hypothesis is proposed in which metallothionein functions as an intracellular
      copper carrier and is responsible for the transport of copper between the cells
      and the surrounding. Change in the copper affinity of the metallothioneins was
      suggested to be the major abnormality in MKHD.

PMID- 699319
TI  - Use of a chromogenic substrate for the diagnosis of Krabbe's disease, with
      special reference to its application in prenatal diagnosis.
AB  - A chromogenic substrate, 2-hexadecanoylamino-4-nitrophenyl-beta-D
      galactopyranoside, has recently been described for the diagnosis of Krabbe's
      disease. Hydrolysis of this substrate by extracts of cultured cells and tissues
      was compared with the activities of lactocerebrosidase I and non-specific beta
      galactosidase. Under appropriate conditions, hydrolysis of the chromogenic
      analogue was markedly reduced in extracts of cultured amniotic fluid cells and
      skin fibroblasts derived from cases of Krabbe's disease. Activity was also
      markedly deficient in extracts of Krabbe's brain, although only a partial
      reduction was measured in liver extracts. Generally activities were higher in
      tissues of fetal origion. Unfortunately, the new analogue proved less specific
      and less sensitive than the natural substrates used to diagnose Krabbe's disease.
      Consequently, the analogue does not provide a satisfactory alternative substrate
      for the prenatal diagnosis of Krabbe's disease.

PMID- 699320
TI  - Human hexosaminidase isozymes. Assay of platelet activity for heterozygote
      identification during pregnancy.
AB  - Identification of carriers of the Tay-Sachs gene during pregnancy is difficult
      because of the increase in serum of a heat stable hexosaminidase isozyme I (or P)
      as well as changes in the relative and absolute activities of the various
      molecular forms of the enzyme with advancing pregnancy. In contrast, isolation of
      blood platelets followed by ion exchange chromatographic separation and assay of
      the hexosaminidase isozymes in platelet extracts by an automated method provides
      a sensitive and reliable method for heterozygote identification during pregnancy.
      This method appears superior to procedures involving thermal inactivation of
      extracts of peripheral blood leukocytes because of significant differences in the
      content of the hexosaminidase isozymes in granulocytes, lymphocytes and other
      cell types, as well as variations in the proportion of these cell types in
      samples of peripheral blood. It also alleviates the problem inherent in any
      method involving thermal inactivation of hexosaminidase A by avoiding possible
      interconversion of the various molecular forms of the enzyme associated with
      heating.

PMID- 699322
TI  - Serum methionine: its rapid determination by continuous-flow colorimetry.
AB  - A rapid automated method for the determination of serum methionine is presented
      for use with the Technicon AutoAnalyzer system. It is based on the decolorisation
      of halide platinates by organic sulphides, including methionine. The 5--95%
      reference range from 249 sera from hospital patients (excluding those with liver
      and renal diseases and diabetes) was 20--60 mumol/l, mean 35 mumol/l. The S.D. of
      the method for 40 duplicate samples was 2.2 mumol/l. Recoveries ranged from 101-
      105%. This measurement facilitates the clinical evaluation of liver disease,
      especially acute liver failure, kidney disease and diabetes mellitus.

PMID- 699321
TI  - Studies on glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase in leucocytes, fibroblasts and amniotic
      fluid cells. The normal enzyme and the mutant form in patients with glutaric
      aciduria.
AB  - Three patients with glutaric aciduria have been shown to possess a partial but
      severe defect of the enzyme glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase in isolated leucocytes and
      cultured skin fibroblasts. They could readily be distinguished from heterozygotes
      by measuring the activity of this enzyme, as shown in a study of the two families
      involved. The activity of glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase in normal cultured amniotic
      fluid cells was comparable to the activity in normal cultured skin fibroblasts
      indicating the possibility of prenatal diagnosis. Without flavin adenine
      dinucleotide added to the assay mixture, the activity of glutaryl-CoA
      dehydrogenase in fibroblasts from normal individuals was very much reduced and
      similar to the activity in the patients, but after addition of flavin adenine
      dinucleotide to saturation the activity increased 20-fold in normal subjects
      while only a very slight increase could be demonstrated in the patients. The
      Michaelis constant for the substrate glutaryl-CoA was similar for both normal and
      patient cell lines. The optimum assay conditions for the enzyme in cultured
      fibroblasts from normal individuals have been established. In contrast to our
      patients, we found no activity in a fibroblast cell line from a patient with
      glutaric aciduria diagnosed elsewhere.

PMID- 699323
TI  - Correlations between branched-chain amino acids and branched-chain alpha-keto
      acids in blood in maple syrup urine disease.
AB  - In 62 blood samples from 3 patients with classical maple syrup urine disease and
      from one patient with a variant form, a close linear correlation was found
      between levels of branched chain amino acids and their corresponding alpha-keto
      acids. Keto acids were determined as O-trimethylsilyl quinoxalinols by gas
      chromatography with a nitrogen-selective detector.

PMID- 699324
TI  - Gas chromatographic determination of hydroxyproline in urine hydrolysates.
AB  - A simple and specific method for the determination of hydroxyproline in urine
      hydrolysates has been described. Hydroxyproline was converted into its N
      isobutyloxycarbonyl methyl ester derivative without elaborate cleanup, which was
      analyzed by gas chromatography. Hydroxyproline was clearly separated from other
      urinary constituents on a 0.60% FFAP on dimethyldichlorosilane-treated Gas-Chrom
      P column. Kainic acid was used as the most convenient internal standard
      available. The relative standard deviations of peak height ratios were 1.15-
      2.51% at the 10--150 microgram levels. Percent recoveries of hydroxyproline added
      to urine hydrolysates ranged from 98.8 to 107.3%.

PMID- 699325
TI  - A placental type of membrane-bound arylamidase in serum and ascites from a
      patient with renal cell carcinoma.
AB  - A placental type of membrane-bound arylamidase was detected in serum and ascites
      from a patient with renal cell carcinoma by isoelectric focusing. The enzyme had
      the same molecular weight, electrophoretic mobility on polyacrylamide gel,
      isoelectric point and KM value as placental membrane-bound arylamidase. The new
      type of membrane-bound arylamidase was named Shiba-isoenzyme after the patient's
      name.

PMID- 699326
TI  - Serum monoamine oxidase assayed with a new synthetic benzylamine derivative as
      substrate. Its clinical significance with special reference to hepatic fibrosis.
AB  - Serum levels of monoamine oxidase were determined in 171 healthy adults and in 77
      patients with hepatic diseases by use of a new synthetic derivative of
      benzylamine, 1-[(4-aminomethylphenyl)azo]-2-naphthol hydrochloride, as substrate.
      This new compound is more effectively oxidized by serum monoamine oxidase than by
      benzylamine, currently the most widely used substrate. Diagnosis of hepatic
      disease was confirmed in all patients by liver histology. The results suggest
      that the level of this enzyme in serum increases in parallel with the development
      of hepatic fibrosis.

PMID- 699327
TI  - A rapid method for the determination of volatile fatty acids in biological
      fluids.
AB  - A rapid and simple method for the determination of volatile fatty acids in plasma
      and urine without any pretreatment is described. The gas chromatographic method
      reported here allows us to detect and quantitate in approx. 20 min biological VFA
      characteristics of various metabolic diseases. Conditions used are very mild so
      to avoid as much as possible any thermal decomposition of biological compounds.

PMID- 699328
TI  - [Potentiometric determination of hepatitis B surface antigen in biological fluids
      (author's transl)].
AB  - The present report describes a sensitive and reliable method for potentiometric
      determination of hepatitis B surface antigen in biological fluids, as an
      application of enzyme-linked immunoassay technique by a "sandwich" procedure.
      Specific antibodies are immobilized on a gelatine membrane which covers the
      sensor of an iodide-sensitive electrode. After immersion of the modified
      electrode in a dilute solution of antigen, the enzymatic activity is evaluated in
      a solution of peroxidase-labelled antibodies, in the presence of substrate and
      iodides. The electrode potential is a function of antigen concentration in the
      solution. This new procedure should find its application in the determination of
      substances present in very low concentration in biological fluids.

PMID- 699329
TI  - Effect of snap freezing, dithiothreitol and storage on estimations of estrogen
      receptor sites.
AB  - Estrogen receptor assays were performed on human myometrium in order to determine
      optimal conditions for certain steps of the assay. The findings indicate that:
      (1) tissue should be snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen prior to assay, (2)
      dithiothreitol does not increase measurable binding site numbers, (3) estrogen
      receptors in the cytosol fraction are unstable and should be stored in excess of
      1 day; (4) if storage prior to receptor assay is unavoidable, tissue should be
      stored at -20 degrees C or -70 degrees C for no longer than 1 week.

PMID- 699330
TI  - A simple micromethod for simultaneous determination of plasma propranolol and 4
      hydroxypropranolol.

PMID- 699331
TI  - A practical proposal for arginine-vasopressin radioimmunoassay.
AB  - This work proposes the use of (a) a commercially available homologous system AVP
      antibody-AVP (Arginine Vasopressin) standard and (b) new acquisitions for the
      improvement of sensitivity for AVP radioimmunoassay by separate or simultaneous
      use of two-phase sequential incubation and epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA). The
      antiserum used in the system described is very specific since none even cross
      reacted with lysine vasopressin (LVP) and has an apparent affinity constant (K)
      of 0.909 +/- 0.047 X 10(12) l/mol. This is sufficiently high to detect 0.5 +/-
      0.2 pg/tube, which is theoretically expected of biological AVP. The total assay
      time is less than 48 h.

PMID- 699332
TI  - Human diploid lung fibroblast cell lines WI 26 and WI 38 exhibit isozyme shift of
      alkaline phosphatase after viral transformation.
AB  - The testing of the type of membrane associated alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1)
      by immunotitration has revealed that there is a shift from a liver-like type of
      alkaline phosphatase in normal cell cultures of the human diploid fibroblast cell
      strains WI 26 and WI 38 to a placenta-like variant in cultures of the same cell
      strains after the transformation by the DNA-tumor virus SV 40, the WI 26 SV 40
      and the WI 38 SV 40 cell lines. The immunologically detectable switch-over has
      been confirmed by measuring the apparent Michaelis constant and the heat
      stability of the AP from normal and transformed cells. Liver-like AP is heat
      labile and has an apparent Michaelis constant for p-nitrophenylphosphate (about
      4.0 X 10(-4) M). The placenta-like AP shows heat stability and a lower apparent
      KM (about 2.2 X 10(-4) M). The appearance of the so-called Regan enzyme of AP in
      some human tumors in vivo is discussed in this connection.

PMID- 699333
TI  - Improved determination of beta-glucuronidase in serum.
AB  - With phenolphthalein beta-glucuronide as the substrate in the serum beta
      glucuronidase assay, centrifugation at high speed after addition of alkali was
      required to minimize blanks. Optimal substrate concentration was 3--6 mM. Excess
      substrate was inhibitory.

PMID- 699334
TI  - The quantitative determination of 5-S-cysteinyldopa and dopa in normal serum and
      in serum from patients with malignant melanoma by means of high-pressure liquid
      chromatography.
AB  - A method is described for quantitative determination of 5-S-cysteinyldopa and
      Dopa in serum involving high-pressure liquid chromatographic analysis (HPLC) and
      electrochemical detection. The chromatographic system allows estimation of
      injected amounts corresponding to 25 pg of 5-S-cysteinyldopa and Dopa. In normal
      subjects the mean serum 5-S-cysteinyldopa concentration was 2.8 ng/ml (range 0.4-
      12 ng/ml) and the mean serum Dopa 6.3 ng/ml (range 4--10 ng/ml). Patients with
      melanoma metastases showed increased serum concentrations of 5-S-cysteinyldopa.

PMID- 699336
TI  - Protein kinase and adenylate cyclase of erythrocyte membrane from patients with
      Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
AB  - In freshly prepared erythrocyte membranes from normal individuals and from
      patients with Duchenne progressive muscular dystrophy the endogenous protein
      kinase and the cAMP stimulated phosphorylation was identical for the three main
      32P proteins including spectrin (protein band II). Another enzyme, adenylate
      cyclase, was found unchanged. Altered protein kinase and adenylate cyclase has
      been reported in this disorder. We have no explanation for these discrepancies.

PMID- 699335
TI  - A granulocyte test for detection of cattle heterozygous for mannosidosis.
AB  - alpha-Mannosidase and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase activities were found to
      differ between lymphocytes and granulocytes isolated from bovine blood.
      Activities of both enzymes in granulocyte preparations were found to be related
      to the eosinophil content of the preparations. A procedure is described that
      allows definition of the mannosidosis genotype of adult cattle by giving
      consideration to the influence of eosinophil content of granulocyte preparations
      upon the activity of alpha-mannosidase relative to that of beta-N
      acetylglucosaminidase.

PMID- 699337
TI  - Isoelectric focusing of acid hydrolases in human liver and serum. Findings in
      sera from one patient with I-cell disease phenotype.
AB  - Isoelectric focusing was performed with six acid hydrolases in serum and liver
      tissue. Neuraminidase-treated serum and liver tissue were also examined. In
      general, acid hydrolases in sera seemed to be more sialylated than those in liver
      tissue. Serum from one patient with I-cell disease with increased activity of
      some acid hydrolases was found to have a normal isoelectric focusing pattern.
      These findings are discussed with respect to the uptake mechanism of acid
      hydrolases in serum.

PMID- 699338
TI  - The effect of lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase on the electrophoretic
      mobility of lipoprotein-X.
AB  - Lipoprotein-X containing plasma from a patient with familial lecithin:cholesterol
      acyltransferase (LCAT) deficiency, was used as substrate and incubated with
      postheparin plasma or partly purified lipases. LP-X could not be demonstrated by
      agar gel electrophoresis after incubation with postheparin plasma from a healthy
      subject, from a patient with chronic active hepatitis deficient in hepatic
      lipase, or with partly purified lipoprotein lipase. After incubation a marked
      increase in free fatty acids (FFA) was observed. In contrast LP-X was still
      present after incubation when postheparin plasma deficient in lipoprotein lipase
      or partly purified hepatic lipase was added to the substrate. Only minor changes
      in the concentration of FFA occurred. After addition of oleic acid to the
      substrate LP-X could not be demonstrated by agar gel electrophoresis. However, in
      the isolated low density lipoproteins, LP-X like particles were still present as
      viewed by electron microscopy. Our results strongly suggest that the change in
      electrophoretic mobility of LP-X was induced by the release of FFA. This was
      achieved by lipoprotein lipase, but not by hepatic lipase.

PMID- 699340
TI  - The incidence and likely origins of serum particulate alkaline phosphatase and
      lipoprotein-X in liver disease.
AB  - Both serum particulate alkaline phosphatase and serum lipoprotein-X have been
      proposed as diagnostic markers for obstructive liver diseases. In this study
      their diagnostic efficiencies have been compared with other biochemical
      indicators of liver function and the relative incidence of these two markers has
      been determined in 241 patients with well defined liver disease. Although these
      markers appeared together most frequently in obstructive liver disease they were
      both present in some patients with liver disorders where obstruction was
      unlikely. One marker was present, independently of the other in 35% of the
      patients studied, mainly those without apparent cholestasis. The reasons for this
      are discussed in terms of the likely origins of the two markers and the
      probability that serum particulate alkaline phosphatase exists in two forms, as
      part of a multienzyme plasma membrane complex and as soluble liver enzyme
      associated with lipoprotein-X.

PMID- 699339
TI  - Cell culture studies of Menkes kinky hair disease.
AB  - The dose response as well as kinetics of uptake and retention of copper and
      cadmium of normal and Menkes kinky hair disease (MKHD) cultured fibroblasts are
      described. In basal culture medium, intracellular copper concentration in MKHD
      fibroblasts was approximately 3 times that of control cultures. The intracellular
      copper concentration of MKHD cells was significantly higher than that of normal
      fibroblasts at medium copper concentrations below 20 microgram/ml. Death of MKHD
      cells occurred at medium copper concentrations between 15 and 20 microgram/ml
      with an intracellular copper level 3 times that at basal medium. Normal cells
      died at medium copper concentration above 30 microgram/ml with an intracellular
      copper concentration 19 times that at basal medium. These observations suggested
      the existence of a regulatory mechanism for maintenance and control of
      intracellular copper in normal fibroblasts which is effective at medium copper
      concentrations below 30 microgram/ml. This system is defective in MKHD
      fibroblasts. In basal medium MKHD and normal fibroblasts had similar
      intracellular cadmium concentrations; however, at higher medium cadmium
      concentrations MKHD cells had increased intracellular cadmium levels. The uptake
      of both 64Cu and 109Cd was significantly higher in MKHD cells than in normal
      cells, indicating that the uptake of 64Cu and 109Cd is not impaired in MKHD
      cells. A higher retention of 64Cu was observed in MKHD cells at both 37 degrees C
      and 4 degrees C. No obvious trend, however, was observed in the difference of
      retention of 109Cd between MKHD and normal cells. An impairment of egress of
      copper in MKHD cells is implicated by these results.

PMID- 699341
TI  - Reduced level of non-esterified fatty acids in sera from patients with infectious
      respiratory disease.
AB  - Sera from 103 fasting individuals 3 to 76 years of age and free of clinical
      infectious disease and sera from 183 patients with infectious disease were
      assayed for serum total non-esterfied fatty acids (tNEFA) and compared. Data were
      also separated into five groups according to age of donor: 3--7, 8--19, 20--35,
      36--60, and 61--76 years. The mean group serum levels of tNEFA increased with
      age. Among patients with infectious diseases sixty-five were diagnosed as having
      hepatitis, 41 with infectious mononucleosis, 18 with cellulitis, 12 with
      pulmonary tuberculosis, 11 with non-pneumococcal pneumonia, 9 with pneumococcal
      pneumonia, 8 with pharyngitis, 6 with pyelonephritis, 6 with aseptic meningitis,
      4 with Gram-negative sepsis, and 3 with encephalitis. The sera from 23 non
      fasting patients with gonorrhea were also tested. The serum tNEFA levels were
      found to be altered, in fact depressed from normal group values, only in patients
      with pneumonia or tuberculosis. This depression may be related to aberrant
      pulmonary metabolism during pneumonia.

PMID- 699342
TI  - A simple and rapid method for the estimation of serum haemoglobin binding
      capacity on Ultrogel AcA 44.
AB  - A method is described for the estimation of serum haemoglobin binding capacity.
      The method is based on the separation of the high molecular weight haemoglobin .
      haptoglobin complex formed after addition of haemoglobin in excess to serum from
      uncomplexed haemoglobin by gel filtration through Ultrogel AcA 44. Agar gel
      electrophoresis and benzidine staining proved that the first fraction was
      exclusively the haemoglobin . haptoglobin complex. The second peak consisted of
      free haemoglobin. In this method the amount of haemoglobin bound to haptoglobin
      is calculated from the absorbance of the chromatographed complex at 412 nm. The
      results obtained are reproducible and comparable with those of an electrophoretic
      reference method, but less precise. The method is simple, and accurate, and is
      faster than gel filtration methods described earlier.

PMID- 699343
TI  - Plasma and urine amino acid changes in rats treated with hypoglycin.
AB  - Hypoglycin A is a toxin which causes Jamaican vomiting sickness. In rats treated
      with this compound, we observed significant increases in a number of amino acids
      in the plasma and the urine, and detected several unidentified amino compounds in
      the urine. These changes suggest that hypoglycin, in addition to its known
      inhibitory effect on acyl-CoA dehydrogenases interferes with some steps in
      nitrogen metabolism as well. The amino acid abnormalities seen in hypoglycin
      treated rats are compared with those seen in Reye's syndrome.

PMID- 699344
TI  - Improved and more specific bromcresol green methods for the manual and automatic
      determination of serum albumin.
AB  - The bromcresol green (BCG) method for determination of serum albumin has been
      modified and the specificity improved. A manual and a continuous flow method is
      described. Both methods are suitable for routine use and the results agree well
      with those obtained by an immunonephelometric method.

PMID- 699345
TI  - A simple modification to an LKB 8600 reaction rate analyser for rapid measurement
      of enzymes showing lag phases in a coupled system.
AB  - An enzyme assay which utilizes a coupled enzyme system may show a lag phase. To
      help to overcome problems associated with the kinetic measurement of these
      enzymes a modification to an LKB 8600 reaction rate analyser is described. It has
      been applied successfully to a kinetic method for the measurement of 5'
      nucleotidase activity in serum.

PMID- 699346
TI  - Interference in estimation of serum copper concentration resulting from use of
      silicone-coated tubes for collection of blood.
AB  - Prolonged contact between silicone-treated stoppers in evacuated tubes and serum
      was found to interfere in estimation of serum copper concentration using atomic
      absorption spectrophotometry.

PMID- 699347
TI  - Haemoglobin as a standard for the movement of alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes on
      polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

PMID- 699348
TI  - Bromocriptine: lack of effect on the angiotensin II and aldosterone responses to
      sodium deprivation.
AB  - Five normal subjects took a low sodium diet for four days on two occasions, one
      with and one without added bromocriptine 2.5 mg three times a day by mouth. Daily
      measurements of urinary electrolytes and the concentrations of plasma renin
      (PRC), angiotensin II (AII), aldosterone, 18-hydroxycorticosterone, cortisol,
      electrolytes and prolactin were made in both phases of the study. Deprivation of
      sodium without bromocriptine resulted in progressive and highly significant
      increases in the plasma concentration of aldosterone from 230 +/- 50 to 418 +/-
      44 (SEM) pmol/l, 18-hydroxycorticosterone from 627 +/- 138 to 1420 +/- 478
      pmol/l, PRC from 108 +/- 38 to 166 +/- 14 muU/ml and AII from 16 +/- 3 to 29 +/-
      4 pmol/l. Similar changes were found during bromocriptine administration despite
      suppression of prolactin secretion. Sodium deprivation together with
      bromocriptine resulted in increases in the plasma concentrations of aldosterone
      from 230 +/- 47 to 416 +/- 72 pmol/l, 18-hydroxycorticosterone from 630 +/- 99 to
      1629 +/- 552 pmol/l, PRC from 105 +/- 12 muU/ml and AII from 14 +/- 3 to 26 +/- 5
      pmol/l. Plasma cortisol did not change either in response to sodium deprivation
      or bromocriptine. Mean cumulative negative sodium balance was 101 +/- 14 mmol on
      bromocriptine and 118 +/- 14 mmol in the control period. We conclude that
      prolactin is not necessary for the steroidogenic response to sodium deprivation
      in man.

PMID- 699349
TI  - Tissue growth hormone release inhibiting hormone-like immunoreactivity in
      experimental hypothyroidism and hypopituitarism.
AB  - Hypothyroidism in rats was associated with an increase in immuno-reactive GH-RIH
      in brain, pancreas and gut, although release from the latter may be diminished as
      portal GH-RIH-like immunoreactivity was lower than control values. Hypophysectomy
      resulted in a depletion of immunoreactive GH-RIH in the septum and preoptic area
      of the brain and gastric antrum, but an increase in pancreas; portal venous GH
      RIH-like immunoreactivity was not different from control concentrations, possibly
      reflecting both elevated and lowered immunol-reactive GH-RIH in different regions
      of tissue subserved by the portal vein. Inferior vena caval GH-RIH-like
      immunoreactivity was always lower than in the portal vein and was not influenced
      by tissue pertubations in hypothyroidism and hypopituitarism which made regional
      blood sampling of great important in evaluating tissue changes.

PMID- 699350
TI  - Ring chromosome 5 in two malformed boys with Cri du Chat syndrome.

PMID- 699351
TI  - Hazards of amniocentesis: an unidentifiable fragment.
AB  - A 38-year-old woman had amniocentesis performed for advanced maternal age. The
      karyotype of the cultured amniotic fluid cells showed a minute fragment in all
      cells analyzed, 47,XY+Fg. The fragment could not be identified. For medical
      reasons the pregnancy had to be terminated at 34 weeks. Both skin and blood
      cultures from the aborted fetus showed a 47,XY,21+ karyotype.

PMID- 699352
TI  - Ultrasonography for guidance of amniocentesis in genetic counseling.
AB  - The value of preliminary ultrasonography as a guide for amniocentesis in the
      early second trimester of pregnancy was prospectively evaluated. One hundred and
      fifty patients were alternately assigned to a control group or to an ultrasound
      group who underwent examination with a real-time scanner immediately prior to
      amniocentesis. All amniotic fluid samples were assessed as to the presence of
      blood by: (1) visual observation during the amniocentesis; (2) appearance of the
      centrifugate; and (3) microscopic analysis. Ultrasonography did not reduce the
      failure rate, the incidence of multiple needle insertions, or the proportion of
      amniotic fluid samples containing blood.

PMID- 699353
TI  - Partial tetrasomy 9 in a liveborn infant.
AB  - An unusual rearrangement of chromosome 9 was identified in a male infant with
      multiple congenital malformations. The rearrangement appeared as a fusion of two
      number 9 chromosomes with similar long-arm breakpoints. Since the infant also
      possessed two normal 9's, the presence of the additional chromosome resulted in
      partial tetrasomy; 47,XY, + tdic(9;9)(q22;q22). Clinical and autopsy examinations
      revealed many features reminiscent of trisomy 13. The tdic was functionally
      monocentric, although some evidence of activity at the second centromere was
      observed. Both parents had normal karyotypes, and C-banding demonstrated that at
      least one of the 9h regions on the tdic was likely to be of maternal origin.

PMID- 699354
TI  - Dominant inheritance of multiple epiphyseal dysplasia, myopia and deafness.
AB  - An Afrikaner kindred in South Africa had a dominantly inherited skeletal
      dysplasia-blindness-deafness syndrome. The affected individuals had reduced
      stature and a round, flattened facies. The bone changes resembled multiple
      epiphyseal dysplasia with additional minor abnormalities in the phalanges,
      femoral heads and spine. Progressive myopia, retinal thinning and crenated
      cataracts led to visual disturbance, while conductive deafness represented the
      third component of the triad. The syndromic significance of associated asteroid
      hyalosis is uncertain.

PMID- 699355
TI  - The cloverleaf skull.
AB  - A patient presented with the cloverleaf skull, or Kleeblattschadel abnormality.
      He had a typical trilobed skull with synostosis and a honeycomb appearance on
      roentgenograms. He had no extracranial skeletal anomalies. The infant died at 1
      month of age.

PMID- 699356
TI  - Partial trisomy 6.

PMID- 699357
TI  - Is Menkes syndrome a copper storage disorder?

PMID- 699358
TI  - Partial trisomy of the short arm of chromosome 7 due to a familial translocation
      rcp(7;14)(p11;p11).
AB  - A boy with trisomy of the short arm of chromosome 7 is reported. He presented
      several congenital malformations, such as: dolicocephaly; wide fontanelle;
      hypertelorism; antimongoloid slanting of the palpebral fissures; small, carp
      shaped mouth; thin neck; extrinsic compression of the oesophagus; congenital
      dislocation of the shoulders and hips; and a possible cardiac defect. The
      proband's mother had a balanced translocation involving the short arm of
      chromosomes 7 and 14. In this family the translocation has been transmitted
      through three generations.

PMID- 699359
TI  - The Lp lipoprotein in Japanese.
AB  - The Lp gene frequency is estimated to be 0.083 in Japanese, but with our method
      of assay the evidence favoring a major locus is marginal. The sinking pre-beta
      band is significantly associated with elevated cholesterol and depressed
      triglyceride. The biological significance of these observations is discussed.

PMID- 699360
TI  - Low arylsulphatase A activity in a family without metachromatic leukodystrophy.
AB  - A low arylsulphatase A activity was noted in the leukocytes and cultured skin
      fibroblasts of a child without any other symptoms of metachromatic
      leukodystrophy. Although the mother had a level of arylsulphatase  commensurate
      with heterozygosity for the classical metachromatic leukodystrophy gene, the
      father had a variant gene giving an unusually low in vitro level of this enzyme.
      In combination (the proband), these two genes gave rise to a very low in vitro
      activity without any apparent disease. In screening for metachromatic
      leukodystrophy, a low arylsulphatase A level is not necessarily indicative of
      this disease, if a clinically normal parent shows an unusually low level of this
      enzyme.

PMID- 699361
TI  - Familial ovarian carcinoma: a problem in genetic counselling.
AB  - Ovarian papillary adenocarcinoma is reported in two families. In one family, this
      tumor was detected in four females, of whom two had had mammary cancer below the
      development of the ovarian tumor. In the second family, a mother and daughter
      died of ovarian adenocarcinoma. The mode of inheritance in both families fits the
      pattern of autosomal dominant transmission of a single gene. Both are Jewish
      families from Germany, presently residing in Israel. The two families are
      presented as examples illustrating the difficult question of genetic counselling
      in families with recurrent cases of ovarian carcinoma. The difficulty arises
      because this tumor is relatively frequent but is usually observed in isolated
      cases without systematic follow-up in the patients' families. Only a few cases,
      where more than one person in a family is affected, have been selectively
      reported in the literature.

PMID- 699362
TI  - Partial trisomy 15 and temporal lobe syndrome in a retarded girl without gross
      malformations.
AB  - A supernumerary small bisatellited chromosome was found in a girl with stunted
      growth and psychomotor retardation. The extra chromosome was identified as a
      deleted 15, del(15)(q21), with C-band positive heterochromatin and satellite-like
      appendages to the distal end of the long arm. This chromosome was the product of
      a translocation between a chromosome 15 and some other acrocentric chromosome, as
      shown by G-, C- and Q-banding and silver staining of the nucleolus organizer
      regions. The proposita had no gross phenotypic malformations. She had a small
      head, a high forehead, oblique palpebral fissures, bilateral enophthalmus,
      clinodactyly and simple dermatoglyphic patterns. She was autistic and suffered
      from epileptic seizures and expressive aphasia. The waking electroencephalogram
      revealed diffuse abnormalities; sleep recording showed focal spikes and sharp
      waves anteriorly on the left side. The pneumo-encephalogram showed
      microventriculy, an enlarged left temporal horn and some enlarged sulci in the
      right frontotemporal cortex. The prenatal influence of the chromosome anomaly is
      interpreted as being the primary cause of these disorders, neonatal asphyxia
      being a secondary contributing factor.

PMID- 699363
TI  - Biochemical studies on an unusual case of fucosidosis.

PMID- 699364
TI  - An XYY boy with short stature and a case of Klinefelter's syndrome (XXY) in a
      family with inversion 9.
AB  - A patient with Klinefelter's syndrome and a boy with XYY sex chromosomes were
      both found to have a pericentric inversion of chromosome 9. An unusual feature of
      the XYY patient was that he presented because of short stature and disturbed
      behaviour. A family study showed that the patients were related and that there
      was an excess of males in the pedigree. Another member of the family was found to
      have some XYY cells in the blood.

PMID- 699365
TI  - Pemphigus vulgaris associated with a syndrome of immunodeficiency and thymoma: a
      case report.

PMID- 699366
TI  - Kaposi's sarcoma and immunosuppressive therapy: an appraisal.

PMID- 699367
TI  - Eruptive angiomata in malignant disease.

PMID- 699368
TI  - Psoriasiform changes in guinea-pig skin from propranolol.

PMID- 699369
TI  - Development of squamous cell carcinoma in chronic discoid lupus erythematosus.

PMID- 699370
TI  - An unusual presentation of cutaneous malignant lymphoma.

PMID- 699371
TI  - The effects of retinyl acetate on epidermal proliferation and differentiation. I.
      Induced enzyme reactions in the epidermis.

PMID- 699372
TI  - Chondrodermatitis nodularis antihelicis.

PMID- 699373
TI  - Porokeratosis of Mibelli.

PMID- 699374
TI  - Mycosis fungoides presenting with areas of cutaneous hypopigmentation.

PMID- 699375
TI  - Effects of adrenaline and isoprenaline on hepatic venous haemodynamics and venous
      return in the dog.
AB  - 1. The effects of adrenoceptor agonists on venous haemodynamics were examined,
      utilizing the lower half perfusion method in dogs. 2. Femoral arterial pressure,
      central venous pressure, thoracic vena caval flow, abdominal vena caval flow,
      renal venous flow and femoral venous flow were measured simultaneously usning
      electronic transducers and electromagnetic flow-meters. Hepatic volume change was
      monitored by the strain-guage arch. 3. Single injections of both adrenaline (1.0
      microgram/kg) and isoprenaline (1.0 microgram/kg) intra-aortically produced an
      increase in venous return, adrenaline transiently and isoprenaline continuously.
      4. Epinephrine increased hepatic venous flow, while isoprenaline increased only
      abdominal vena caval flow. 5. These findings suggest that effects of alpha
      adrenoceptors are more pronounced on the hepatic vein, while on other peripheral
      veins, effects of beta-adrenoceptors are more pronounced.

PMID- 699376
TI  - Peripheral muscle effects of levodopa in the anesthetized cat.
AB  - 1. Levodopa, dopamine, noraderanaline and adrenaline (in increasing order of
      potency) depressed the tension and degree of fusion of incomplete tetanic
      contractions of the slow-contracting soleus muscle in chloralose-anaesthetized
      cats. 2. The effects of all compounds were antagonized by propranolol (50-20
      microgram/kg), but not practolol (1.0-5.0 mg/kg). This indicates that effects are
      mediated by beta2-adrenoceptor stimulation. 3. The effect of levodopa, but not of
      the catecholamines, was antagonized by prior administration of the dopa
      decarboxylase inhibitior benserazide. This indicates that levodopa itself is
      inactive, whereas  its decarbodylated metabolites are active. 4. The depressant
      action of beta-adrenoceptor agonists on incomplete tetanic contractions of the
      cat soleus muscle, which are exerted directly on the muscle fibres, is a model
      for effects exerted on slow-contracting units of human muscles; the latter
      effects probably underlie the tremor observed after beta-adrenoceptor agonist
      administration. 5. These results therefore suggest that levodopa, via its
      decarboxylated metabolites, dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline, may produce
      or exacerabate tremor in man. Thus in Parkinsonian patients any centrally induced
      relief of tremor that levodopa may produce may be masked by tremorogenic effects
      of such metabolites exerted in the periphery.

PMID- 699377
TI  - Actions of tetrahydropapaveroline on the cardiovascular system and skeletal
      muscles of the anaesthetized cat and on guinea-pig soleus muscle in vitro.
AB  - 1. Tetrahydropapaveroline (THP) and isoprenaline have been compared for effects
      on heart rate, diastolic blood pressure and contractions of soleus and tibialis
      muscles in chloralose-anaesthetized cats and on in vitro guinea-pig soleus
      muscles. 2. All effects of THP were similar to those of isoprenaline. Maximal
      responses were the same and responses to both drugs were  antagonized by
      propranolol. 3. THP produced an increase in heart rate, a fall in diastolic blood
      pressure and a decrease in the tension and degree of fusion of incomplete tetanic
      contractions of the soleus, being, respectively, 12.9, 14.7 and 19.6 times less
      potent than isoprenaline. The similarity in potency ratios suggests that THP is a
      non-selective beta-adrenoceptor agonist. 4. Effects on the guinea-pig soleus in
      vitro were similar to those in the cat soleus. 5. In the cat, THP enhanced the
      tension and duration of tibialis twitches, but the tibialis was about ten times
      less sensitive than the soleus to the effects of THP. 6. THP deepened
      neuromuscular blockade in partially curarized cat soleus and tibialis
      preparations. Doses required were ten times greater than for direct depressant
      effects on the soleus. 7. Agents which depress the tension and fusion of
      incomplete tetanic contractions of the cat soleus via beta-adrenoceptor
      stimulation cause tremor in man by peripheral effects on slow muscle fibres. THP
      is likely to exert such actions. This may explain why levodopa (a precursor of
      THP) sometimes precipitates a tremor crisis in Parkinsoniam patients, and why
      Parkinsonian tremor is relatively refractory to levodopa therapy. In such
      patients combination therapy with levodopa and a peripheral dopa decarboxylase
      inhibi;or (to reduce levels of THP) or a beta-adrenoceptor antagonist (to block
      the effects of THP on slow muscle fibres) could be advantageous.

PMID- 699378
TI  - Tne density of adrenergic nerves at various levels in the guinea-pig lung.
AB  - 1. Gunea-pig tracheal and lung segments were systematically examined for
      adrenergic nerves using the fluorescence histochemical technique. Fluorescence in
      nerves was enhanced with alpha-methylnoradrenaline or by pretreating animals with
      nialamide. 2. There was a progressive decrese in density of fluorescent fibres in
      airway smooth muscle from the laryngeal end of the trachea, which was densely
      innervated, to the bronchioles, which contained only occasional fibres. This was
      despite obvious fluorescence in blood vessels in the lung. 3. It is suggested
      that, if adrenergic nerves are involved in reflex bronchodilatation in this
      species, they directly control larger airways and other factors, e.g. non
      adrenergic inhibitory nerves, may be important in the control of smaller airways.

PMID- 699379
TI  - Brain biogenic amines and intravenous self-administration of cocaine in rats.
AB  - 1. The possible involvent of noradrenaline, dopamine, serotonin and 5
      hydorxyindoleacetic acid in the behavioural reinforcement produced by invravenous
      cocaine has been investigated. 2. rats, in Skinner boxes, were allowed to self
      administer cocaine through a chronically implanted jugular vein cannula. A
      consistent response rate in the order of one self-administration every 10 min was
      observed with a dose of 3.0 mg/kg cocaine hydrochloride per response. 3. Another
      group of rats was cannulated and injected with a range of one to six such doses
      of cocaine at 10 min intervals on the basis of the responding rate, established
      by rats in the Skinner box. At times of 2,5 and 8 min after each dose of 
      cocaine, the rats were decapitated and brain concentrations of noradrenaline,
      dopamine, serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid were determined. 4. The brain
      levels of noradernaline exhibited a cyclic pattern of rise and fall after each
      dose of cocaine, which corresponded in its time base with the time interval
      between responses established by the rats in the Skinner box.

PMID- 699380
TI  - Permeability and pore radii of pulmonary capillaries in rabbits of different
      ages.

PMID- 699381
TI  - Effect of cimetidine on the healing of restraint-induced gastric erosions in the
      rat.
AB  - 1. Rats after a 24 h restraint developed acute gastric erosions. Cimetidine in a
      dose of 100 mg/kg body weight was given subcutaneously every 8 h to a group of
      150 rats after restraint. A second group received saline subcutaneously (placebo
      group). 2. Erosions in the placebo group required up to 45 days to heal (median
      healing time approximately 24 days). Cimetidine treatment reduced the median
      healing time to approximately 12 days. 3. Cimetidine in this dose promotes
      healing of acute gastric erosions in the rat induced by restraint.

PMID- 699382
TI  - Thromboxane B2 inhibits prostaglandin E2 inactivation by the rat isolated
      perfused lung.
AB  - 1. The effect of thromboxane B2 (TxB2) on inactivation of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)
      by the rat isolated perfused lung has been studied. 2. TxB2 when infused in low
      concentrations (100 ng/ml) into the pulmonary artery reduced PGE2 inactivation
      approximately two-fold. 3. The rat isolated fundus strip was contracted by higher
      concentrations of TxB2 (1.0 microgram/ml) in the presence of hyoscine,
      mepyramine, methysergide, phenoxybenzamine and propranolol. The size of
      contraction was reduced by indomethacin in concentrations known to inhibit
      prostaglandin synthetase. 4. Thus, in circumstances in which TxB2 and PGE2 are
      released concomitantly by the lung, low concentrations of TxB2 may augment PGE2
      release by reducing its inactivation.

PMID- 699383
TI  - Agonistic and antagonistic actions of 3,4-dihydroxy-substituted
      phenoxypropanolamines in guinea-pig atria and trachea.
AB  - 1. Racemic mixtures of noradrenaline, adrenaline, isoprenaline, N-t-butylnor
      adrenaline and their corresponding derivatives containing an oxymethylene (OM)
      link between the phenyl ring and ethanolamine side-chain have been tested for
      their effects on beta-adrenoceptors in isolated guinea-pig atrial and tracheal
      preparations. 2. In atrial and in spontaneously contracted tracheal preparations
      both the parent catecholamines and their corresponding OM-derivatives had a
      similar order of potency as beta-receptor agonists. 3. In carbachol-stimulated
      tracheal preparations the OM-derivatives were shown to have partial agonistic
      actions. 4. As in other phenylethanolamines and phenoxypropanolamines, both the
      agonistic and antagonistic potency of the OM-derivatives increased with
      increasing amine substitution.

PMID- 699384
TI  - A sequential study of adrenocorticosteroid level in human pregnancy.
AB  - 1. Peripheral plasma levels of aldosterone, corticosterone, cortisol, 11
      deoxycorticosterone (DOC) and 11-deoxycortisol were measured sequentially
      throughout pregnancy in eleven women. 2. Mean plasma concentrations were
      significantly increased above non-pregnant values at 8 weeks for DOC, at 12 weeks
      for corticosterone, cortisol and 11-deoxycortisol, but not until 24 weeks for
      aldosterone. 3. It is suggested that during human pregnancy, the maternal adrenal
      is responding differently to corticotrophin, pituitary or placental, and that
      other factors, for example prolactin, may be stimulating the adrenal directly or
      modifying the action of corticotrophin.

PMID- 699385
TI  - Alterations in levels of vascular histamine in the DOCA-hypertensive rat.
AB  - 1. Histamine was detected in the abdominal aorta and the femoral arteries of
      normotensive and also DOCA-hypertensive rats. 2. Levels of total histamine (mast
      cell and non-mast cell histamine) were significantly reduced in both abdominal
      aorta and the femoral artery of the DOCA-hypertensive rats, relative to the
      normotensive controls. 3. It is suggested that the diminished level of vascular
      histamine may be related to the development and/or maintenance of the
      hypertensive state and is also related to the  reduced magnitude of active reflex
      vasodilatation.

PMID- 699386
TI  - Genetically determined immunodeficiency diseases (GDID) and malignancy: report
      from the immunodeficiency--cancer registry.

PMID- 699387
TI  - Clinical immunology: a reappraisal and new classification.

PMID- 699388
TI  - Alteration of the complement system in children with Henoch Schonlein purpura.

PMID- 699389
TI  - Ontogeny of PHA and con A responses in the fetal lamb.

PMID- 699390
TI  - Effects of prostaglandin on the antigen- and mitogen-driven responses of
      peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with adult and juvenile periodontitis.

PMID- 699391
TI  - Correlation between temperature-stable E-rosette formation and lymphocyte
      commitment to activation.

PMID- 699392
TI  - IgG subclass studies of C3 nephritic factor.

PMID- 699393
TI  - Changing histopathology patterns in lupus nephropathy.
AB  - The initial clinical and histologic renal findings and the subsequent course of
      90 patients with SLE were evaluated in a study of the natural history of lupus
      nephropathy. Initial renal biopsy revealed focal glomerulonephritis in 32
      patients, diffuse glomerulonephritis in 47, membranous nephropathy in seven and
      minimal changes in four. Forty-one patients were rebiopsied three months to five
      years later; ten of 15 patients with focal glomerulonephritis showed progression
      to diffuse glomerulonephritis or membranous nephropathy, whereas changes in
      morphologic pattern were less common in the other types of lupus nephropathy.
      There was no difference between the patients with the focal lesion who progressed
      and those who did not in age, sex distribution, duration of SLE prior to biopsy,
      renal function, and serological studies; however, the patients with progression
      initially had more proteinuria, higher histologic activity on light microscopy,
      and more intensive glomerular electron-dense deposition. Focal lupus
      glomerulonephritis progresses frequently to diffuse glomerular involvement.
      Certain clinical and morphologic findings at initial evaluation may help to
      predict future progression in the course of lupus nephropathy.

PMID- 699394
TI  - Loss of amino acids during hemodialysis: quantitative and qualitative
      investigations.
AB  - In three patients the total amino acid losses (free plus peptide-bound) in
      dialyzate have been assayed by means of gas-liquid chromatography. During a
      period 3--4 months the average losses varied from 115--178 mg per kg of body
      weight per dialysis treatment. The weekly mean essential amino acid losses
      amounted to 3--4% of the dietary intake. The concentrations in the dialyzate of
      non-essential amino acid fell considerably during the dialysis procedure, whereas
      the concentrations of most of the essential amino acids remained at a fairly
      constant level. It is concluded that considerable quantitative but no qualitative
      differences exist between the patients with respect to amino acid losses.

PMID- 699395
TI  - Home treatment of uremia with gastrointestinal dialysis.
AB  - Twenty patients with end-stage renal disease and a creatinine clearance of less
      than 5 ml/min were tre  ated with oral gastrointestinal (GI) dialysis. The
      dialyzate contained an electrolyte solution with 180-220mmoles/l of mannitol. In
      fasting state in the morning the self-prepared 7 liters of dialyzate was drunk at
      a rate of one glass every 5 minutes for  about 3 hours. Intermittent diarrhea
      with passage of watery fluid occurred during the whole period. After each
      treatment the average drop in BUN in individual patients was 11--22%, but no
      significant decrease in serum creatinine. With twice to thrice weekly GI dialysis
      uremic symptoms such as anorexia, nauseal and vomiting were usually improved with
      slight prolongation of life. However, treatment is usually difficult when the
      patient becomes oliguric or anuric, so its value in long-term management of
      chronic uremia is limited. Most of our patients either died or shifted to
      hemodialysis within a few months of institution of the therapy.

PMID- 699396
TI  - Polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) grafts for hemodialysis. 18 months' experience.
AB  - 18 months clinical experience with 6 mm polytetrafluorethylene forearm grafts for
      hemodialysis access has been described. 35 grafts were implanted, all in patients
      who had unsuitable vessels for construction of a regular Brescia-Cimino forearm
      fistula. The overall patency was 71% with mean duration of 10.3 months, and at
      any one time more than 85% of the grafts at risk were functional. Complications,
      including undesirable flow rates, edema, thrombosis, aneurysm and cardiac failure
      have been discussed and rational methods of avoidance described. We believe the
      polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) graft represents an important advance in
      hemodialysis access.

PMID- 699397
TI  - Recurrent renal vein thrombosis consequent to membranous glomerulonephritis.
AB  - The diagnosis by inferior vena cavography of right renal vein thrombosis with
      extension into the vena cava was made in a 33 year old man with idiopathic
      membranous glomerulonephritis and multiple pulmonary emboli. After one year of
      continuous anticoagulant drug therapy with heparin and coumadin, venography
      showed absence of clots in the vena cava and therapy was discontinued.
      Proteinuria in excess of 4 g/24 hr continued. Six months later pulmonary emboli
      recurred and venography again demonstrated large clots in the vena cava and right
      renal vein. The potential for recurrence of renal vein thrombosis and pulmopnary
      embolism in the presence of active renal diseases is thus demonstrated.

PMID- 699398
TI  - The effect of energy and nitrogen intake upon urea production in children with
      uremia and undernutrition.
AB  - Children with severe uremia who had anorexia were observed in a clinical study
      center where dietary energy and nitrogen intake could be compared with urea
      nitrogen production (UNPr). The children received a supplement of dextrose and
      amino acids at night, ate a self-selected diet and were encouraged to use
      carbohydrate supplements. Energy intake varied from 22 to 110 kcal/kg/day and
      nitrogen intake from 105 to 323 mg/kg/day. UNPr was reciprocally related to
      energy intake. Nitrogen intake minus UNPr, an index of nitrogen balance, was
      positively related to energy intake. UNPr was not related to nitrogen intake.
      Nitrogen intake (NI) and NI-UNPr were correlated and the slope of the regression
      was 1.15. We inferred from the data that low energy intakes (less than 60
      kcal/kg/day) were associated with catabolic losses of body protein. Intakes above
      that level were associated with a low and stable rate of UNPr. The level of
      energy and nitrogen intake within the range observed limited the rate of nitrogen
      retention. Once maintenance requirements for energy and nitrogen were satisfied,
      the efficiency with which nitrogen was used for net protein synthesis was very
      high.

PMID- 699399
TI  - Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis in adults: clinical and histologic
      correlations.
AB  - The clinical and histological features of 43 patients with rapidly progressive
      glomerulonephritis were reviewed. All had extensive crescent formation in more
      than 50 per cent of glomeruli. Three distinct patterns of immunofluorescent
      staining were identified: linear, granular, and sparse staining. Electron
      microscopy was valuable in corroborating the results of immunofluorescence. The
      prognosis was poor, with no patient regaining normal renal function regardless of
      treatment. Significant differences were observed among patients categorized by
      immunofluorescent staining. Those with a linear pattern were younger and more
      commonly had hemoptysis. Patients with sparse immunofluorescent staining had
      better renal function at the time of presentation and a longer duration of
      illness.

PMID- 699400
TI  - Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis with rapid decline in renal function
      ("malignant FSGS").
AB  - We describe 11 patients whose renal biopsies showed minimal changes with focal
      segmental glomerulosclerosis. These patients, in contrast to the majority of
      patients with similar renal histology, went into renal failure within 2 1/2 years
      of clinical onset. All were young, severely nephrotic, most hypertensive, with
      microscopic hematuria, non-selective proteinuria and extreme
      hypercholesterolemia. Treatment with corticosteroids and cytotoxic drugs was
      without effect in any patient. Despite rapid decline in renal function, profuse
      proteinuria and a nephrotic syndrome persisted into terminal uremia and continued
      even after dialysis had begun. Seven patients were given nine allografts; four
      grafts failed because of immediate vascular complications, and a persistant
      nephrotic syndrome was evident in two of the five surviving grafts. This did not,
      however, lead to graft failure. Two patients died on dialysis because of
      myocardial problems. These patients with rapid decline in renal function
      constitute a distinct clinical subgroup amongst those with focal and segmental
      glomerulosclerosis; it is possible that they have a different primarily vascular
      pathogenesis in contrast to other patients with similar renal biopsy appearances.

PMID- 699401
TI  - Improvement of platelet function by increased frequency of hemodialysis.

PMID- 699402
TI  - Failure of plasma exchange and immunosuppression to improve renal function in
      Goodpasture's syndrome.
AB  - A young woman with anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) antibody mediated
      rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and pulmonary hemorrhage was treated with
      immunosuppression and intensive plasma exchange. She did not have end stage renal
      failure when therapy was initiated. Despite a dramatic reduction in circulating
      anti-GBM antibody, renal function progressively decreased. The role of plasma
      exchange in the therapy of anti-GBM antibody mediated disease remains unclear.

PMID- 699403
TI  - Radiation nephritis and intravascular coagulation.
AB  - A 23 year old male with embryonal cell carcinoma of the testicle was treated with
      radiation, receiving 2250 Rads to his abdomen twice, only once with kidney
      shielding. He developed acute renal failure approximately eleven months later.
      Associated with the renal failure were hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia,
      hypofibrinogenemia, and other evidence for intravascular coagulation. The kidney
      biopsy showed fibrinoid necrosis of arteries and arterioles. By electron
      microscopy, there was extensive endothelial cell damage and subendothelial
      electron lucent material compatible with radiation nephritis. The renal
      pathologic abnormalities suggest that the local renal vascular injury induced by
      radiation could have been responsible for intravascular coagulation in the
      kidneys and the systemic hematologic abnormalities. Prednisone appeared to
      accelerate the renal and hematologic dysfunction and heparin is proposed as a
      more promising therapy.

PMID- 699404
TI  - Aspiration biopsy of the kidney with a new fine needle: a way to obtain glomeruli
      for morphological study.
AB  - An improved fine needle is described for aspiration of kidney glomeruli. The
      needle, with a sharp inner edge 0.43 mm in diameter, is less traumatic than
      ordinary percutaneous kidney biopsy needles. Electron microscopy of specimens
      aspirated from kidneys of normal rabbits showed well-preserved glomeruli. Twenty
      two of twenty-six specimens obtained from human kidneys by fine-needle aspiration
      contained glomeruli. Electron microscopic study of specimens aspirated from 12
      patients showed that the needle provides adequate tissue for the diagnosis of
      diffuse glomerular diseases. The use of the fine needle widens the scope for
      studying the relation between glomerular fine structure and renal symptoms in
      many conditions in which conventional methods would not be justified.

PMID- 699405
TI  - Serum ferritin concentration: a reliable guide to iron overload in uremic and
      hemodialyzed patients.
AB  - The inter-relationships between serum ferritin, hemoglobin, serum iron and total
      body iron stores were studied in 20 patients with chronic renal failure treated
      conservatively and in 20 patients on regular hemodialysis. There was no
      relationship between serum iron or transferrin and bone marrow iron deposits, but
      serum ferritin concentration was a good indicator of increased marrow iron
      stores. All patients with serum ferritin levels above 300 microgram/l had
      increased iron stores. Serum ferritin assay is a useful non-invasive technique
      for detecting iron overload in uremic and hemodialyzed patients.

PMID- 699406
TI  - Prevention of chloramine-induced hemolysis in dialyzed patients.
AB  - Chloramines, compounds made up of chlorine and ammonia, when present in tap water
      used for dialysis cause methemoglobinemia and hemolysis. Ascorbic acid addition
      has been reported to effectively neutralize chloramines in vitro and in patients
      dialyzed with the single batch dialysis delivery system. We extended these
      observations to patients dialyzed with the proportioning dialysis delivery system
      where exposure time of ascorbic acid to chloramines is shorter. This may be
      important since we found that the half time of the reaction between ascorbic acid
      and chloramines is 4 minutes. Red cell oxidant sensitivity in 15 patients was
      assessed by incubating red cells with ascorbate-cyanide and measuring
      methemoglobin which averaged 2.17 +/- 0.42 g/100 ml (SEM) before dialysis and
      2.87 +/- 0.52 g/100 ml after dialysis (NS). Reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were
      also measured as an index of red cell oxidant damage. GSH decreased from a mean
      of 7.40 +/- 0.59 micromoles/g Hb before dialysis to 6.98 +/- 0.52 micronmoles/g
      Hb after dialysis (P less than 0.01). In 2 patients there was no change in 51Cr
      red cell survival when dialyzed on either the proportioning system or other
      chloramine free systems. We conclude that addition of ascorbic acid to neutralize
      chloramines in tap water is also effective when using the proportioning dialysis
      delivery system.

PMID- 699407
TI  - Uremic cardiomyopathy: studies on cardiac function in the guinea pig.
AB  - The effects of creatinine (5.6-22.6 mg/100 ml), guanidinosuccinic acid (8.7-35.2
      mg/100 ml) and of urea (60-600 mg/100 ml) on the mechanical function and oxygen
      consumption in isolated guinea pig hearts have been assessed. None of the
      parameters measured (dp/dt max, dp/dt min and Q O2) was significantly affected by
      creatinine or guanidinosuccinic acid. However, urea significantly reduced
      mechanical activity and caused a marked increase of oxygen consumption,
      indicating impairment of heart function expressed as a diminution of the ratio
      formula (see text). Pretreatment with creatinine and guanidinosuccinic acid did
      not alter the effect of norepinephrine on mechanical activity and oxygen
      consumption when compared with the effects of norepinephrine (1 X 10(-8) g/ml and
      1 X 10(-7) g/ml) given alone. In contrast, urea pretreatment lowered the
      norepinephrine induced increase of left ventricular pressure rise/fall and of
      oxygen consumption. In addition, reduction of the increase in the ratio formula
      (see text): after urea perfusion indicates diminution of the "economic" effect of
      norepinephrine.

PMID- 699408
TI  - Successful treatment of hypernatremic thirst deficiency with chlorpropamide.
AB  - Two patients with hypodipsia and hypernatremia are described. The first patient,
      whose hypodipsia was of unknown cause, developed hypernatremia unless large
      volumes of fluid were urged upon him; upon treatment with chlorpropamide normal
      serum sodium levels were achieved with spontaneous fluid intake. The second
      patient had hypodipsia and diabetes insipidus resulting from a craniopharyngioma.
      Treatment with vasopressin and a prescribed daily water intake resulted in
      frequent hyper- and hyponatremia, but treatment with chlorpropramide yielded
      serum sodium values which were more often normal and less variable. In neither
      patient could the improved water regulation be attributed to an effect of
      chlorpropamide on renal water excretion. Possible mechanisms for the effect of
      chlorpropamide on thirst are discussed.

PMID- 699410
TI  - Case report: Wegener's granulomatosis.

PMID- 699409
TI  - Hemodynamic studies in patients with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
      forearm grafts.
AB  - 21 patients with polytetrafluoroethylene grafts inserted for hemodialysis access
      were studied to assess the hemodynamic parameters. Mean graft flow was 1.9 l/min
      with a range of 0.2-3.8 l/min. Intragraft pressure varied from 1 to 83 mmHg and
      was dependent on systemic pressure, graft flow and the presence of stenotic
      lesions. Mean cardiac output was 7.1 l/min and index 4.0 l/min and was positively
      correlated with graft flow. By obtaining this data surgical corrective action was
      taken in several patients prospectively thus removing the abnormalities and
      ensuring continued graft patency. The techniques described are reproducible and
      simple and can be carried out in less than five minutes with minimal patient
      discomfort or hazard.

PMID- 699412
TI  - Stress urinary incontinence: diagnosis and treatment.

PMID- 699411
TI  - Vaccinology in the prophylaxis of respiratory infections--Part II.

PMID- 699413
TI  - Partial bladder denervation for detrusor dyssynergia.

PMID- 699414
TI  - Psychogenic aspects of urinary incontinence in women.
AB  - Gynecologists and other primary care physicians have long recognized the
      occurrence of psychogenic factors in some patients with urinary incontinence,
      usually of the urgency or detrusor dyssynergia types. However, to the best of our
      knowledge this is the first report of psychiatric study of these patients.
      Eighteen patients were referred following complete gynecologic urology work-up
      including electronic urethrocystometry and chain cystography. Most of these
      patients were 40 to 60 years of age, were multiparous, and had had
      hysterectomies. Major psychiatric findings were a) severe situational problems in
      all 18 patients, b) chronic depression in 17, and c) hysterical personality
      traits in 10. Patients whose psychiatric treatment provided some relief of their
      situational and emotional distress also, concomitantly, had relief of urinary
      incontinence.

PMID- 699415
TI  - Anomalies of the kidneys and ureters.

PMID- 699416
TI  - Physiology of the urinary tract.

PMID- 699417
TI  - Alterations in anatomy and function of the urinary tract during pregnancy.

PMID- 699418
TI  - Clinical implications of ureteral reflux in pregnancy.

PMID- 699419
TI  - Pathology of renal disease during pregnancy.

PMID- 699420
TI  - Preeclampsia-eclampsia and renal disease in pregnancy.

PMID- 699421
TI  - Urologic surgery during pregnancy.

PMID- 699422
TI  - Urinary tract infections in pregnancy.

PMID- 699423
TI  - Laboratory values and diagnostic tests.

PMID- 699424
TI  - [Electromyographic differentiation between apraxia of lid-opening and
      blepharospasm (author's transl)].

PMID- 699425
TI  - [Psychiatric symptoms of ruptured anterior communicating aneurysms and social
      prognosis (author's transl)].

PMID- 699426
TI  - [Pure akinesia with apraxia of lid-opening (author's transl)].

PMID- 699427
TI  - [Clinical analysis of seven cases of Fisher's syndrome (author's transl)].

PMID- 699428
TI  - [Epileptic seizures induced by eyelid closure and its mechanisms of seizure
      provocation (author's transl)].

PMID- 699429
TI  - [A case of ataxic form of acute polyradiculoneuropathy with loss of all sensory
      modalities in distal parts of four extremities (author's transl)].

PMID- 699430
TI  - [Abnormality of all night EEGs in patients with acromegaly (author's transl)].

PMID- 699431
TI  - [Changes in brain water-soluble proteins in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 699432
TI  - [A case of myeloneuropathy induced by chronic exposure to organic solvents
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 699433
TI  - [Electron microscopic study of the T-system in progressive muscular dystrophy and
      other neuromuscular diseases (author's transl)].

PMID- 699434
TI  - [A case report of perineurial sacral cyst associated with a mosaic of Turner's
      syndrome (author's transl)].

PMID- 699435
TI  - [Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis with hyperthyroidism (author's transl)].

PMID- 699436
TI  - [CSF protein fractions in various neurological disorders--analysis of 14 CSF
      proteins including immunoglobulins (author's transl)].

PMID- 699437
TI  - [The mechanism of myotonia: electrophysiological study of induced myotonia using
      anthracene-9-carboxylic acid (author's transl)].

PMID- 699438
TI  - [A study of a family of periodic paralysis--second report of the former paper
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 699439
TI  - [Adult mucolipidosis with beta-galactosidase deficiency: a clinical report, with
      studies of urinary sialic acid-rich substances (author's transl)].

PMID- 699440
TI  - [A case of chronic polymyositis with oculo-pharyngo-distal distribution (author's
      transl)].

PMID- 699441
TI  - [A case of hypokalemic myopathy in patient with primary aldosteronism and
      complicated with thyroid cancer (author's transl)].

PMID- 699442
TI  - [The clinical and genetic studes of muscular dystrophy in six young girls
      (author's transl)].

PMID- 699443
TI  - [An autopsy case of Cockayne's syndrome (author's transl)].

PMID- 699444
TI  - [A case of temporal status (author's transl)].

PMID- 699445
TI  - [The Cockayne's syndrome with benign clinical course. A study of four cases from
      two families (author's transl)].

PMID- 699446
TI  - [Abnormal carbohydrate metabolism in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and
      parkinsonism-dementia complex on Guam (author's transl)].

PMID- 699447
TI  - Splenic visualization using 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate in a patient with
      sickle cell disease.
AB  - Splenic visualization with a bone-seeking agent 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate
      (99mTc-MDP) with absence of splenic uptake using sulfur colloid was seen in a 15
      year-old boy in sickle cell crisis. Uptake of 99mTc-MDP is probably due to
      splenic infarction and calcification. This represents a potentially sensitive
      method for following the functional auto-splenectomy process in sickle cell
      disease and may also detect the presence of splenic tissue when it is not
      visualized in a sulfur colloid liver/spleen scan. Splenic visualization by bone
      seeking agents should not be confused with skeletal lesions or indicate the
      presence of an abnormal left upper quadrant mass lesion.

PMID- 699448
TI  - Metastatic abdominal implants of endometrial carcinoma demonstrated on 99mtc
      methylene diphosphonate bone scan.
AB  - Metastatic serosal and omental implants from a primary papillary endometrial
      carcinoma were well demonstrated by radionuclide uptake on a bone scan utilizing
      99mTc-methylene diphosphonate. Imaging of an endometrial malignancy by a 99mTc
      labeled phosphate compound has not previously been reported. While the exact
      mechanism of accumulation in such soft-tissue neoplastic foci is not known,
      several possibilities have been suggested. In this particular case, the mechanism
      appears related in some way to the presence of dystrophic calcifications within
      the metastatic deposits.

PMID- 699449
TI  - Metastases to bone from malignant thymoma detected by technetium phosphate and
      gallium-67 scintigraphy.

PMID- 699450
TI  - Tuberculous meningitis of the Sylvian fissure.
AB  - A 66-year-old woman had autopsy-proven miliary tuberculosis, with regional
      involvement of the meninges of the left Sylvian fissure. Radionuclide studies of
      the brain demonstrated the unusual findings of increased perfusion to the left
      hemisphere and linear increased activity corresponding to the left Sylvian
      fissure. Computed tomography of the brain was initially within normal limits at a
      time when the radionuclide study was clearly abnormal.

PMID- 699451
TI  - Computerized tomography and radionuclide scanning in hepatic disease: a
      retrospective study.
AB  - This was a retrospective study of 117 patients, who had both computerized
      tomography (CT) and nuclear scans of the liver. In the evaluation of hepatic
      masses, the nuclear and CT scans, demonstrated 83% and 77% of the masses,
      respectively, in combination they demonstrated 97%. The nuclear scan proved to be
      a more sensitive procedure for demonstrating the presence of intrahepatic
      pathology. The CT scans were better able to demonstrate specific disease
      entities, such as biliary obstruction and fatty infiltration of the liver. CT was
      also able to evaluate adjacent organs. When used in combination, CT and nuclear
      scans tended to complement each other and in many cases were helpful in arriving
      at a more specific diagnosis.

PMID- 699452
TI  - Lipid (cholesterol) granulomatosis (Chester-Erdheim disease) and congenital
      megacalices.

PMID- 699453
TI  - V/Q mismatch without pulmonary emboli in children with histoplasmosis.
AB  - In two children with histoplasmosis pulmonary perfusion and ventilation studies
      revealed mismatched abnormalities characterized by almost unilaterally absent
      perfusion but normal ventilation in the right lung. Chest roentgenograms
      demonstrated right hilar enlargement and pulmonary contrast angiograms revealed
      narrowing of the right pulmonary arteries by extrinsic fibrotic granulomata but
      no pulmonary emboli were present. Fibrosing mediastinitis due to histoplasmosis
      was found by mediastinoscopic examination in one of the patients. Non-embolic
      causes of V/Q mismatch lung imaging are discussed briefly, and the correlation
      with clinical findings is stressed for the diagnosis of pulmonary emboli.

PMID- 699454
TI  - Hepatic scan defects following radiotherapy for lymphoma.
AB  - Twenty-one patients with lymphoma were evaluated for the presence of hepatic scan
      defects following radiotherapy to fields which included the left lobe of the
      liver. Two distinct patterns of hepatic scan defects were noted: (a) a radiation
      port defect (Type I), and (b) attenuation of the left lobe (Type II). Five of
      seven patients evaluated within six weeks after radiotherapy demonstrated Type I
      defects but all seven subsequently developed Type II defects. Seventeen of the 21
      patients developed Type II defects which have persisted (follow-up, up to 66
      months). These characteristic defects should not be confused with other causes of
      hepatic scan defects in evaluating patients with lymphoma. The defects occur in a
      high percentage of patients and may persist for long periods.

PMID- 699455
TI  - A radioisotopic evaluation of a salivary fistula.

PMID- 699456
TI  - 67Ga-citrate accumulation in a Sister Mary Joseph nodule.

PMID- 699457
TI  - Abnormal liver and bone scans in a case of a metastatic neuroblastoma.

PMID- 699458
TI  - 67Ga scan in thymoma.

PMID- 699459
TI  - Discordant thyroid nodule images with pertechnetate at 30 minutes and 3 hours.

PMID- 699460
TI  - Special views to differentiate lesions in the scapula from rib lesions on bone
      scans.

PMID- 699461
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of netilmicin in renal insufficiency and haemodialysis.
AB  - The pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered netilmicin, an investigational
      aminoglycoside antibiotic, were studied in 38 patients with creatinine clearance
      ranging from 150 to Oml/min/1.73m2 in order to determine the influence of kidney
      function status on the disposition of the antibiotic. The serum disappearance of
      netilmicin followed first order kinetics and the elimination rate constant
      decreased proportionally with decreasing renal function. Half-lives averaged 2.2
      hours in normal individuals (creatinine clearance greater than 80ml/min/1.73m2)
      and reached 42 +/- 10 hours (mean +/- SD) in virtually anephric patients. The
      elimination rate constant lowered proportionally with decreasing renal function.
      Several linear relationships between pharmacokinetic parameters and renal
      function indicators were defined. A clinically useful correlation indicates that
      the half-life may be approximated as 3 times the serum creatinine concentration
      and may be used for adjustment of dosage of netilmicin in the treatment of
      patients with impaired renal function. During haemodialysis, netilmicin
      extraction from the blood reaches 75 +/- 14% (mean +-/ 95% confidence interval)
      of that of creatinine and 88 +/- 19% of that of blood urea nitrogen.

PMID- 699463
TI  - Brain abscesses in infants and children: current status of clinical findings,
      management and prognosis.

PMID- 699462
TI  - Pharmacokinetics of lorcainide in man: a new antiarrhythmic agent.
AB  - A gas liquid chromatographic assay was developed to measure in plasma and urine
      concentrations of the new antiarrhythmic drug lorcainide, its dealkylated
      metabolite and an added internal standard of similar structure. The limit of
      sensitivity was 10ng/ml plasma. In 5 healthy volunteers and in 6 patients with
      ventricular premature beats (VPB) the pharmacokinetics were determined after a
      single intravenous dose of 100mg. In 4 of the patients with VPB, the disposition
      was also evaluated under steady-state conditions following oral administration of
      100mg twice daily. In 4 of the healthy volunteers, the bioavailability of a
      single 100mg(n = 2) and 150mg (n = 2) oral dose was determined. In an additional
      crossover experiment, bioavailability of a single oral dose of 100 and 200mg was
      also measured in 2 patients with VPB. Less than 2% of the intravenous dose could
      be recovered as unchanged lorcainide in the urine, indicating extensive
      metabolism. The drug was bound to plasma proteins to the extent of 85.0 +/- 5.0%
      (mean +/- SD) in healthy subjects and 83.3 +/- 2.9% in patients with VPB. Since
      the plasma levels declined biexponentially after an intravenous dose, data were
      analysed according to a 2-compartment open model. The elimination half-life
      (t1/2beta) of 5.1 +/- 0.6h (healthy subjects) was somewhat longer (p = 0.02) in
      patients with VPB (7.6 +/- 2.2h), but total plasma or blood clearance were very
      similar; the latter approaching a normal liver blood flow of 1.5L/min. The
      apparent distribution volumes Vdbeta (8.6 +/- 2.4L/kg vs 10.7 +/- 4.2L/kg) and
      Vdss (6.4 +/- 2.4L/kg vs 8.8 +/- 3.4L/kg) showed no statistically significant
      difference between the healthy subjects and patients. After oral doses, high and
      saturable first--pass hepatic metabolism seems to exist. The crossover
      experiments in 4 subjects indicated bioavailability of about 1 to 4.5% after a
      single 100mg dose, between 7 and 20% after a 150mg dose, and between 35 and 65%
      after a 200mg dose. In contrast, 3 of 4 patients with VPB on oral maintenance
      therapy exhibited bioavailability of 100%. This indicates that lorcainide belongs
      to the group of drugs exhibiting non-linear elimination kinetics.

PMID- 699464
TI  - The Frankfurt Germany Youth Health Center: a comprehensive adolescent treatment
      facility.

PMID- 699465
TI  - Problems in the care of the infant diabetic patient.
AB  - The unique problems of three infants who developed diabetes mellitus at 13 months
      of age or younger are discussed. These problems include: the administration of
      small doses of insulin; the difficulty in attaining control; and the evaluation
      of urinary sugar content. Suggestions for care are made.

PMID- 699466
TI  - Learning disabilities and juvenile delinquency.

PMID- 699467
TI  - Hypermobile jointes: a benign cause of transitory motor delay in infancy.

PMID- 699468
TI  - Interaction of nutrition and infection: a factor important to African
      development.

PMID- 699469
TI  - Failure to thrive with breast feeding.

PMID- 699470
TI  - The malleability of infant motor development: cautions based on studies of child
      rearing practices in Yucatan.
AB  - Tests with the Bayley Motor Scale were given to 288 infants, equally divided by
      sex, in Yucatan, Mexico. These were 2 to 54 weeks in age and came from three
      sociocultural levels. In comparison to USA infants, early acceleration of motor
      development was followed by a marked downward trend. This phenomenon, if observed
      in a single child, may indicate progressive neurologic disease. Child-rearing
      practices would appear to account for the difference in pattern of test
      performance.

PMID- 699471
TI  - Linguistic and auditory milestones during the first two years of life: a language
      inventory for the practitioner.
AB  - Although language is recognized as one of the best predictors of development, the
      lack of a simple evaluation tool has contributed to the general pediatrician's
      unfamiliarity with linguistic milestones. Here described is a 32-item instrument
      for the recording and assessment by the practicing pediatrician of language
      milestones during the first two years of life.

PMID- 699472
TI  - Assessing the significance of fever in young infants: the diagnostic and
      prognostic value of cerebrospinal fluid and other clinical and laboratory
      findings.

PMID- 699473
TI  - The heteropagus conjoined twins of NDU Sule, Nigeria.

PMID- 699474
TI  - A "bodi of pharmacologifts".

PMID- 699475
TI  - The drug lag revisited: comparison by therapeutic area of patterns of drugs
      marketed in the United States and Great Britain from 1972 through 1976.
AB  - This study describes rates and patterns of new drug introductions in the U.S. and
      Britain from January, 1972, through December, 1976, updating an earlier study
      that described the patterns over the previous decade. This comparative
      international approach enables overall effects of different regulatory,
      industrial, and other types of changes in drug research and development in the
      two countries to be evaluated. Numerical differences persisted. In the 1972 to
      1976 period, 82 new drugs appeared for the first time in either country. Only 29%
      of these became mutually available in both countries, 2.4 times as many becoming
      available first in Britain as in the U.S. Of the 71% that became exclusively
      available, 2.6 times as many became available in Britain as in the U.S. More
      important than numerical data are clinical implications of differences between
      the countries. The largest differences have narrowed since the previous study,
      but important categories in which the U.S. still lagged behind Britain in
      December, 1976, included cardiovascular drugs, peptic ulcer drugs, and central
      nervous system drugs--including therapies for depression, epilepsy, and migraine.
      Several factors contributed to the narrowing of U.S.--British therapeutic
      differences, including more realistic regulatory practices and higher quality
      clinical studies in the U.S., more conservative practices in Britain, attention
      drawn by previous studies to anachronisms in the U.S., and industrial changes
      such as more efficient penetration of the U.S. market by foreign firms. It is
      difficult to determine the relative contribution of each of these factors to the
      narrowing of the international difference.

PMID- 699476
TI  - Antihypertensive responses to spironolactone in normal renin hypertension.
AB  - The antihypertensive effect of spironolactone was studied in 20 patients with
      essential hypertension and normal stimulated peripheral renin activity (PRA).
      Single-blind 8-wk treatment periods of placebo, 100, 200, and 400 mg
      spironolactone were used in consecutive order. Average supine and erect blood
      pressures were lower than placebo values at the end of each treatment. A
      prominent orthostatic effect was observed. Changes in blood pressure were not
      related to changes in body weight, PRA, or blood urea nitrogen. A larger
      proportion (50%) of patients had a more normal erect diastolic pressure at the
      end of 400 mg/day than at the end of 100 mg/day (20%), but the response to 400
      mg/day could not be predicted from the responses to lower doses. Larger doses of
      spironolactone were predictably associated with rises in serum potassium, PRA,
      and aldosterone excretion. Adverse effects were absent during therapy with 100
      mg/day but were frequent during 200--400 mg/day. Although there are no apparent
      advantages in increasing spironolactone from 100 to 200 mg/day in this group of
      patients with normal renin hypertension, increasing the dose to 400 mg/day
      resulted in better blood pressure control with more frequent adverse effects.

PMID- 699477
TI  - Dobutamine pharmacokinetics in severe heart failure.
AB  - Dobutamine pharmacokinetics was investigated in 7 patients with severe cardiac
      failure. Dobutamine was administered by a constant intravenous infusion at rates
      of 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 microgram/kg/min. Steady-state plasma levels increased
      in proportion to the infusion rate, indicating that there was no saturation of
      the disposition processes. The average total body clearance was found to be 2.35
      +/- 1.01 L/min/m2. After termination of the final infusion, plasma levels of
      dobutamine were monitored to determine the elimination half-life. The
      disappearance half-life of dobutamine was calculated to be 2.37 +/- 0.7 min and
      the distribution volume was 0.202 +/- 0.084 L/kg. The limited data suggest that
      the volume of distribution of dobutamine was related to the extent of edema.

PMID- 699478
TI  - Dose-dependent acebutolol disposition after oral administration.
AB  - The relationship between dose and area under the blood concentration-time curve
      has been studied in 6 healthy subjects following both oral and intravenous doses
      of acebutolol. There is a more than proportional increase in area with increasing
      oral doses, and the area over a dosing interval following multiple oral doses is
      greater than the total area after a single dose of the same size. The role of an
      acetyl metabolite in producing these effects is discussed, as is the relevance of
      these observations to the clinical use of acebutolol.

PMID- 699479
TI  - Effects of probenecid on furosemide response.
AB  - Furosemide gains access to its intraluminal site of action by active secretion by
      the organic acid transport system of the proximal tubule. Inhibition of this
      transport by probenecid would predictably decrease the effect of furosemide. In
      this study in 8 normal volunteers, however, the opposite occurred; namely,
      pretreatment with probenecid increased the overall response to furosemide by
      prolonging its effect. Sodium excretion in 8 hr due to 40 mg of furosemide rose
      from 262 +/- 16 to 358 +/- 11 mEq after probenecid. Urine volume increased from
      3,265 +/- 275 to 4,165 +/- 183 ml after probenecid. Analysis of the time-course
      of the increased diuresis and natriuresis showed that probenecid actually
      decreased the response for the first 60 to 90 min after furosemide but increased
      the subsequent response sufficiently to result in a greater overall effect.
      Possible explanations include access of furosemide to its active site from the
      serum, an effect of probenecid on prostaglandin transport, and a changing
      pharmacokinetic interaction between probenecid and furosemide.

PMID- 699480
TI  - Placental transfer of furosemide.
AB  - After oral administration of furosemide to 18 pregnant women on the day of
      delivery, substantial concentrations of the drug were detected in umbilical cord
      vein plasma as well as in amniotic fluid. The ratio between the furosemide
      concentrations in maternal vein plasma and in umbilical cord plasma increased
      with time and approximated unity at 8 to 10 hr after administration of the drug.
      The plasma half-life of furosemide appeared to be longer in the mothers than in
      nonpregnant healthy volunteers. In one patient the plasma level of furosemide was
      constant during 5 hr of observation.

PMID- 699481
TI  - Interaction of chloramphenicol with phenytoin and phenobarbital. Case report.
AB  - The effect of chloramphenicol therapy (48 mg/kg/day) on the serum concentrations
      of phenytoin and phenobarbital was studied in a patient previously stabilized on
      anticonvulsant medications. Phenytoin, 12 mg/kg/day, and phenobarbital, 5
      mg/kg/day resulted in serum concentrations averaging 10.8 microgram/ml before and
      30.5 microgram/ml, after chloramphenicol therapy. A reduction in dose of both
      phenytoin and phenobarbital was required to minimize adverse effects during the
      course of chloramphenicol therapy. An average daily dose of phenytoin of 9.1
      mg/kg resulted in an average serum concentration of 17.8 microgram/ml. A daily
      dose of phenobarbital of 4.0 mg/kg resulted in an average serum concentration of
      37.1 microgram/ml. These changes indicate 50.5% and 40.4% decreases in clearance
      of phenytoin and phenobarbital. Multiple-dose nonlinear regression analysis of
      phenytoin and phenobarbital serum concentration data obtained during
      chloramphenicol therapy indicated a 62.5% and a 29.5% decrease in clearance.
      Subsequent serum concentration monitoring demonstrated a similar reduction in
      phenobarbital clearance when chloramphenicol was added to phenobarbital alone.

PMID- 699482
TI  - Distinctive patterns of amobarbital metabolites.
AB  - This paper establishes that the relative proportion of amobarbital metabolites in
      urine is highly variable from person to person and that observations of plasma
      half-life give no indication of this variability, but it shows that a valid
      estimate of a given person's metabolite pattern can be obtained by studying a
      single urine specimen in the postdistributive phase. The two metabolites which
      were measured in urine accounted on the average of 9 subjects for 80% +/- 3% of
      the dose with a range from 66% to 94%. The two metabolites were the well known 3'
      hydroxyamobarbital (COH) as a product of side chain hydroxylation and N-beta-D
      glucopyranosyl amobarbital (N-glu), a glucose conjugate which at some earlier
      time had been mistaken for an N-hydroxylation product. Among 129 volunteer
      subjects, the metabolite ratio N-glu/COH showed a median value of about 0.5 with
      a range from 0 to 2.8. A virtual absence of N-glu was observed in one of the 129
      subjects and confirmed by a second administration of amobarbital 3 mo later. Of
      the 14 subjects with predominant N-glu excretion 4 were of Chinese origin, while
      there were 6 Chinese among the 115 other subjects (p less than 0.02).

PMID- 699483
TI  - Transplacental passage of diazepam during labor: influence of uterine
      contractions.
AB  - The rate of transplacental passage of diazepam (DZ) has been studied in 33 cases
      of cephalic presentation where operative forceps delivery was indicated by
      intrauterine hypoxia or by prolonged second stage of labor. The drug (30 mg) was
      injected intravenously immediately before delivery either during uterine
      contractions (Group I) or in the relaxation period (Group II) according to a
      randomized protocol. As judged by the concentration in the newborn and the
      child/mother concentration ratio at 2 hr after delivery, and the concentration on
      the second day, the fetal exposure to the drug was probably less when the
      injection was timed to coincide with uterine contractions. In the group of
      patients given the drug in the relaxation period, the injection-delivery (I-D)
      interval was up to 305 sec and the 2-hr child/mother concentration ratio was
      close to unity in some cases. It therefore appears that the transplacental
      passage of DZ is rapid when the high initial concentrations in the maternal
      circulation coincide with favorable conditions for transfer in the relaxation
      period. Although sleep was induced by the injection of DZ in all of the mothers,
      the amounts of drug transferred during the short I-D intervals in the present
      study did not exert delterious effects on the newborn infants.

PMID- 699484
TI  - Diazepam absorption: effect of antacids and food.

PMID- 699485
TI  - High-dose intravenous and hepatic artery infusions of thymidine.

PMID- 699487
TI  - Symposium on deformities of the external ear. Foreward.

PMID- 699486
TI  - Effect of ibuprofen on platelet function in normal subjects and hemophiliac
      patients.
AB  - New propionic acid derivatives are claimed to induce a lower incidence of
      gastrointestinal bleeding and hemostatic disturbance than older anti-inflammatory
      analgesics such as aspirin. One of these (ibuprofen, Motrin) was given (600 mg
      orally) to normal subjects and hemophiliac subjects on a random, double-blind
      basis (lactose placebo). Platelet adhesiveness, aggregation, platelet and red
      cell counts, percent packed cells, percent hemoglobin, serum ibuprofen levels,
      and modified Ivy bleeding time were measured before and 2 and 24 hr after drug.
      Predrug and 24-hr postdrug values were normal, but at 2 hr after drug, adenosine
      diphosphate, epinephrine, and collagen aggregations were inhibited and bleeding
      times were slightly but significantly prolonged in the ibuprofen-treated normal
      subjects. The other parameters tested remained unchanged. Similar results were
      obtained in the ibuprofen-treated hemophiliac patients, although bleeding time
      was not prolonged. The results suggest that ibuprofen may be given to hemophiliac
      subjects with greater safety than some of the older anti-inflammatory drugs.

PMID- 699488
TI  - Artistic anatomy, dimensions, and proportions of the external ear.
AB  - All ears are different, and the degree of difference within the bounds of
      acceptability is remarkable. To that end, the keys to construction,
      reconstruction, or modification must be observed in order to mold an ear that
      "looks right." Simply stated, these keys are as follows: The ear is a flap
      approximately 50 to 60% as wide as it is high, sitting back one earlength (6.5 to
      7.5 cm) from the lateral orbital rim, with the top of the ear level with the brow
      inclined approximately 20 degrees and protruding 1.5 to 2.0 cm from the head. It
      is composed of five critical elements: concha, helix, antihelix, tragus, and
      lobule, and parts of lesser importance including antitragus, intertragic notch,
      and Darwin's tubercle. The subtleties of form and proportion of its features will
      be revealed by careful observation and study.

PMID- 699489
TI  - Ear deformities: social and psychological implications.

PMID- 699490
TI  - The constricted ear.

PMID- 699491
TI  - Anthropometry of normal and anomalous ears.

PMID- 699492
TI  - Deformities of the external ear associated with middle ear, inner ear, or distant
      malformations.

PMID- 699493
TI  - Anatomy of the external ear.

PMID- 699494
TI  - Microvascular surgery in avulsive trauma to the external ear.
AB  - Ears amputated as part of scalping injuries have a good chance of survival in
      favorable circumstances. Survival of subtotally amputated ears is probably
      enhanced materially by arterial repairs. One experience with a completely avulsed
      ear that was replaced with two arterial repairs and no vein repairs showed
      initial perfusion, but eventually failed.

PMID- 699495
TI  - The Stenstrom otoplasty.

PMID- 699496
TI  - Prominent ears.
AB  - The prominent ear deformity can be divided into two basic types, and combinations
      of the two. Two different operations are proposed to treat the cause of the
      deformity without foreign bodies or suture tension. The result should be an ideal
      shape. The ear should also feel normal and should not show any stigma of surgery.

PMID- 699497
TI  - Complications in the treatment of prominent ears.

PMID- 699498
TI  - A comparison of methods for measurement of rectal potential difference in man:
      effects of rectal infusion of amiloride.
AB  - 1. Two methods for measurement of rectal potential difference in man were
      compared. A saline-filled catheter technique gave more reproducible results and
      was better tolerated by patients than the solid probe technique. 2. Infusion of
      amiloride at a concentration of 4 x 10(-6) mol/l in saline produced a variable
      fall of potential difference in six normal subjects. Dose-response curves in two
      subjects showed that complete inhibition of rectal difference occurred at 4 x 10(
      5) mol/l and 4 x 10(-6) mol/l respectively. 3. This finding provides additional
      evidence that rectal potential difference in man results from electrogenic ion
      transport across the mucosal epithelial cell.

PMID- 699499
TI  - Abnormalities of renal transport of sodium o-[131I]iodohippurate (Hippuran) in
      essential hypertension.
AB  - 1. Renal function has been studied in 312 hypertensive patients by quantitative
      renography with sodium o-[131I]iodohippurate (131I-labelled Hippuran) and
      estimation of overall effective renal plasma flow. In 59% of the patients the
      results were normal. 2. Severe hypertension was associated not only with reduced
      effective renal plasma flow but also a characteristic abnormality of Hippuran
      transport in 10% of the patients in which there was a wider than normal variation
      in transit times of Hippuran through the kidney, which may reflect non-uniformity
      of reabsorption of filtrate by different groups of nephrons. 3. Plasma renin
      activity was higher in a group of 14 patients with multimodal transit time
      spectra than in a matched hypertensive control group, with very substantial
      overlap between the two groups. 4. The renographic abnormality was usually
      reversed by treatment.

PMID- 699500
TI  - Renal vasoconstriction in glycerol-induced acute renal failure. Studies in the
      isolated perfused rat kidney.
AB  - 1. Acute renal failure was produced in rats by the intramuscular injection of
      glycerol (6.1 mol/l 10 ml/kg). Either 2 or 4--6 h later the right kidney was
      isolated and perfused for 1 h with an electrolyte solution containing a gelatin
      preparation (Haemaccel, 35 g/l) at pressures between 90 and 100 mm Hg in a single
      pass system. 2. In kidneys taken from rats with acute renal failure renal
      vascular resistance was markedly increased immediately after the start of the
      perfusion as compared with control kidneys taken from untreated rats. During the
      following 30 min of perfusion the resistance progressively decreased and, at 1 h
      of perfusion, was similar to that in control kidneys or only moderately elevated.
      3. Despite the reduction of renal vascular resistance glomerular filtration rate
      was still markedly increased immediately after the start of the perfusion as
      compared with control kidneys taken from untreated rats. During the following 30
      min of perfusion the resistance progressively decreased and, at 1 h of perfusion,
      was similar to that in control kidneys or only moderately elevated. 3. Despite
      the reduction of renal vascular resistance glomerular filtration rate was still
      markedly impaired after 1 h of perfusion and fractional reabsorption of sodium
      and water as well as the secretion of p-aminohippurate were diminished. Renal
      venous renin concentration and renin release were lower in kidneys taken from
      rats with acute renal failure than in the control experiments. 4. These results
      suggest that the increase in renal vascular resistance and the stimulation of
      renin release after injection of glycerol in vivo are the consequence of extra-
      rather than intra-renal mechanisms.

PMID- 699501
TI  - Bile secretion and bile composition in the freely moving, unanaesthetized rat
      with a permanent biliary drainage: influence of food intake on bile flow.
AB  - 1. In freely moving, unanesthetized rats bile flow was measured continuously over
      the whole day--night cycle. Bile composition was analysed and the influence of
      food intake on bile flow was investigated. 2. In both sexes a distinct circadian
      variation of bile production was observed. The mean night-time production was 50%
      higher than the day-time value for female rats and 38% for male rats. In the
      morning when the light was switched on, a sharp decrease in secretion rate was
      prominent and bile flow gradually increased in the afternoon. 3. The pattern of
      food intake was positively correlated with the pattern of food bile secretion.
      During fasting only the general level of bile flow decreased, but the circadian
      variation persisted. Refeeding again increased the mean level of bile flow. 4.
      The chenodeoxycholate/cholate ratio in these rats with permanent bile fistulae
      was higher than in rats with "acute" bile fistulae and changed during the day-
      night cycle. The ratio decreased from 1.01 at 05.00 hours to a minimum of 0.41 at
      15.00 hours. 5. During the day--night cycle the sodium, potassium, calcium and
      cholesterol concentrations were relatively constant. The total bile salt
      concentration was only slightly changed, so that both the bile salt-dependent
      fraction and the bile salt-independent fraction were subject to about the same
      circadian variations.

PMID- 699502
TI  - Partial characterization of aortic renin in the spontaneously hypertensive rat
      and its interrelationship with plasma renin, blood pressure and sodium balance.
AB  - 1. A renin-like enzyme in aortic tissue of the spontaneously hypertensive rat was
      found to be a freely dissociable enzyme (saline homogenization) with an affinity
      for the renin inhibitor pepstatin. At neutral pH values, the enzyme was active in
      homologous plasma to produce angiotensin I, and therefore distinct from
      pseudorenin and cathepsin D. The arterial enzyme and semi-purified renal renin
      could not be distinguished on the basis of Km values by using homologous renin
      substrate 2. An inverse relationship between the aortic renin content of the
      spontaneously hypertensive rat and the progressive increase of systolic blood
      pressure was observed with age. In contrast to this strain of rat, aortic renin
      of the normotensive WKY strain did not decline with age. 3. Plasma renin
      concentration and the aortic renin content of the spontaneously hypertensive rat
      showed divergent changes in response to a blood pressure fall associated with
      acute diuretic therapy, chronic administration of hydrallazine and in some
      animals in response to chronic administration of propranolol. 4. A low sodium
      diet elevated both plasma and aortic renin and retarded the progressive increase
      of blood pressure in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. A high sodium diet
      accelerated the progress of hypertension with no effect on aortic or plasma
      renin. 5. Antihypertensive therapy (1--6 weeks), resulting in a lowering of
      conscious systolic blood pressure of the spontaneously hypertensive rat,
      consistently led to a decrease in aortic renin content.

PMID- 699504
TI  - Analytical subcellular fractionation of jejunal biopsy specimens: enzyme
      activities, organelle pathology and response to gluten withdrawal in patients
      with coeliac disease.

PMID- 699503
TI  - Validation of "transit renography" for the determination of the intrarenal
      distribution of plasma flow: comparison with the microsphere method in the
      anaesthetized rabbit and pig.
AB  - 1. The spectrum of transit times of sodium o-iodohippurate (Hippuran) through the
      kidney can be derived from an 131I- (or 123I-) labelled Hippuran renogram by
      deconvolution. In the rabbit and pig, as has previously been shown in man, the
      frequency distribution curve for the transit times was bimodal. Since the transit
      time is likely to be proportional to the nephron length, the area of the first
      mode is likely to represent plasma flow to the shorter outer cortical nephrons
      whereas the delayed mode represents flow to the long juxtamedullary nephrons. 2.
      This interpretation was tested by simultaneously comparing renography with the
      microsphere method of measuring intrarenal plasma flow distribution in 12 rabbits
      and two pigs with a variety of anaesthetics. A close agreement was found between
      both methods for the percentage of plasma flow distributed to the outer cortical
      nephrons, thus supporting the use of "transit renography" to determine the
      intrarenal distribution of plasma flow.

PMID- 699505
TI  - Analytical subcellular fractionation of jejunal biopsy specimens: enzyme
      activities, organelle pathology and response to corticosteroids in patients with
      non-responsive coeliac disease.
AB  - 1. Jejunal biopsies from five patients with non-responsive coeliac disease have
      been subjected to analytical subcellular fractionation and enzymic microassay in
      order to compare the organelle pathology of this group with untreated but
      glutensensitive patients. 2. Compared with the gluten-sensitive group these non
      responsive patients showed marked reduction of the endoplasmic reticulum enzymes,
      normal activities of lysosomal enzymes and slightly less severely reduced brush
      border activities. 3. It is suggested that the present biochemical studies in
      combination with previous clinical reports and measurements of DNA and protein
      synthesis by cultured mucosal biopsies delineate non-responsive coeliac disease
      as a distinct entity. 4. The patients were treated with oral prednisolone (20 mg
      daily) for between 5 and 9 weeks and the properties of the jejunal biopsies
      restudied. 5. Although morphologically there was only a partial restoration of
      the villus architecture the enzymic alterations and organelle abnormalities
      returned essentially to normal values.

PMID- 699506
TI  - Vasopressin effects on plasma renin activity in male and female rats.

PMID- 699507
TI  - The respiratory response to inhaled carbon dioxide in man after 3 hours exposure
      to 3% carbon dioxide.
AB  - 1. The respiratory response to inhaled 3% and 6% CO2 was measured in 10 normal
      subjects after a 3 h acclimatization period to 3% CO2 in an environmental
      chamber. Control studies were carried out after a 3 h period of breathing air in
      the chamber. 2. At the end of the acclimatization period studies were carried out
      during 20 min periods breathing 3% CO2, 6% CO2 and air. 3. At 2-min intervals
      during the studies measurements were made of tidal volume (Vt), breathing
      frequency (fR), minute ventilation (Ve), viscous pulmonary rate of work (Wp) and
      total viscous rate of work across the lungs and apparatus (Wt). Blood gas
      tensions were measured at the end of this period. 4. After acclimatization to 3%
      CO2 there was a significant shift in the response curves Ve/Pa,CO2 and Wt/Pa,CO2
      such that subjects showed higher Pa,CO2 values for given values of Ve or Wt.
      There was no significant change in the slope of the response curves. 5. No
      correlation was found between the slope of the response curve after the control
      period breathing air and the degree of shift of the response curve. 6. There was
      no difference in respiratory pattern or in pulmonary resistance. 7. Similar
      results were found in two subjects studied after 24 h acclimatization to 3% CO2
      but one subject also showed a significant change in the slope of the Ve/Pa,CO2
      curve.

PMID- 699508
TI  - The distribution of cardiac output in the anaesthetized spontaneously
      hypertensive rat.
AB  - 1. Radioactive 15 micrometer and 50 micrometer diameter microspheres were used to
      determine cardiac output, its regional distribution and tissue blood flow in
      adult normotensive Wistar and Okamoto spontaneously hypertensive rats. 2. Cardiac
      output in the spontaneously hypertensive rats was the same as in Wistar
      normotensive rats, but its distribution in the hypertensive rats appeared to
      differ: there was a significant increase in the proportion of microspheres
      trapped in the liver whereas fewer were found in the gastrointestinal tract. This
      indicates that a greater fraction of the cardiac output passes along the hepatic
      artery and less through the splanchnic bed. 3. Blood flow in skin and skeletal
      muscle in spontaneously hypertensive rats was approximately 50% of that in Wistar
      normotensive rats.

PMID- 699509
TI  - Horseshoe crab blood detects bacterial poisons.

PMID- 699510
TI  - HL-A: as a major breakthrough in medicine.

PMID- 699511
TI  - Rising incidence of liver disease.

PMID- 699512
TI  - Continuing medical education. Nutrition. Introduction.

PMID- 699513
TI  - Spatial comprehension and comparison processes in verification tasks.

PMID- 699514
TI  - Distortions in judged spatial relations.

PMID- 699515
TI  - Levels of experienced dimensionality in children and adults.

PMID- 699516
TI  - An operational study of the sharing of dental facilities with chiropodists.

PMID- 699517
TI  - Anticipation--the new prevention strategy for social illness.

PMID- 699518
TI  - A new nursing role within the neighborhood family context: the nurse as a member
      of the family.

PMID- 699519
TI  - The epidemiology of nonmedical drug use.

PMID- 699520
TI  - A comparative study of 18 glue sniffers.

PMID- 699521
TI  - Community care in psychiatry--is it a myth?

PMID- 699522
TI  - Rehabilitation in psychiatry.

PMID- 699523
TI  - Health information system for a professionally limited population: health
      register of crews of Finnish merchant fleet.

PMID- 699524
TI  - Children and television.

PMID- 699525
TI  - Applying public health science: theoretical problems.

PMID- 699527
TI  - Nonprofessionals in the rehabilitation of mentally disordered sex offenders.
AB  - Eighty-six sex offenders were exposed to a 6-month voluntary program of either
      group encounters (experimental group) or hobbies and games (control group) led by
      nonprofessionals. Pre- and posttests included a personality test, an
      introspective report, and a behavior rating scale. Written ward records were
      assessed as were the results of a postexperimental prisoner evaluation of the
      experience. Significant changes were evidenced by encounter subjects in improved
      feelings of approval of the prison-hospital experience, lessened hostility, and
      better attendance at the meetings. Encounter subjects were improved in the
      predicted direction on 55 of the 74 treatment dimensions. Community volunteers
      were judged moderately successful as lay therapists.

PMID- 699526
TI  - The effectiveness of planning for community mental health center inpatient units.
AB  - The number of beds identified among 308 community mental health centers in
      operation in 1972 bore little relation to inpatient case load or to the
      proportion of center patients likely to require hospitalization. Analysis of
      occupancy data indicated that there was a surplus of beds in many centers. These
      findings suggest a lack of effective planning for community mental health center
      impact on the nature of psychiatric treatment provided. This is suggested by the
      close relationship between inpatient capacity and average duration of stay.

PMID- 699528
TI  - Education as a force for change in mental health settings.
AB  - The authors focus on the educational process as a force for bringing about
      changes in the community or within an agency setting. Four change agent roles-
      specialist, problem solver, consciousness raiser, and advocate--are identified
      and described. Attention is then focused on criteria for choosing a change agent
      role. What kind of change is needed? What is the probability of success using a
      given role? What are the consequences of functioning in a given role? These are
      three questions an educational change agent should ask before choosing a role as
      specialist, problem solver, consciousness raiser or advocate.

PMID- 699529
TI  - Curricula of associate degree mental health/human-services training programs.
AB  - Over 100 community college programs engaged in training people for mental
      health/human-services employment were studied in order to describe the curriculum
      most generally offered and variations most frequently found. In general, the
      programs have developed similarly: major emphasis on experiential learning of
      group dynamics, on techniques of interpersonal assistance, and on apprenticeship
      field work experience; and lesser emphasis on the organizational aspects of care
      and on relevant theoretical literature. Nevertheless, substantial differences
      exist between programs; for example, the specialization of the curriculum, the
      credit awarded for field work experience, and the types of settings used for
      field placements.

PMID- 699530
TI  - Planning community treatment for sex offenders.
AB  - In California and in Great Britain plans are being made to move the treatment
      setting for many sex offenders from large state hospitals to community sites. The
      most useful aspects of the state hospital programs can be adapted to the
      community setting. In the proposed treatment centers, graded levels of security
      may include inpatient, half-way house, and outpatient facilities. The therapist
      will coordinate social and educational programs as well as psychiatric care.
      Optimally, the community treatment center will have university support so as to
      facilitate training in forensic psychiatry and research into the etiology and
      management of sexually aggressive behavior.

PMID- 699531
TI  - Hospital and family cooperating to reduce psychological trauma.
AB  - In spite of the advantages of increased parent participation in the
      hospitalization of children, institutions resist change to facilitate family
      care. The development of one-day surgical units provides increased flexibility
      and reduces many psychological stresses. A film was made of one child's
      experience with outpatient herniorraphy after being held by her mother during
      induction of anesthesia. The film documents one hospital's effort to meet the
      psychological needs of parents and children; it also helped change inpatient
      procedures.

PMID- 699532
TI  - Promises, promises or community mental health services and training: ships that
      pass in the night.
AB  - In common with other publicly funded human-service programs, community mental
      health centers are victimized by a political advocacy process that inflates
      expectations, distorts value judgments and, as a result, helps promote ultimate
      disillusionment. The problems resulting from this "overpromise" are compounded by
      the performance of staff who are inadequately trained for their jobs. By and
      large, the education of mental health professionals does not equip them for work
      in community mental health centers. What they learn in school is not sufficiently
      related to what they do. The development of "undisciplined" mental health
      professionals with degrees in mental health should be considered. Their training
      would rest on new curricula that reflect the needs of patients in community
      mental health settings and be free of the constraints inherent in traditional
      disciplinary models.

PMID- 699533
TI  - Models of staff support for mental health/mental retardation community boards.
AB  - With the advent of the 1975 Amendments to federal mental health legislation which
      call for community governing bodies to oversee local mental health services, the
      question of effective board functioning becomes crucial. This paper describes
      professional staff roles and staff support models that can be used to enable
      better functioning of community boards. Questions of placement in the hierarchy
      and selection of the worker are also addressed.

PMID- 699534
TI  - Raised cerebrospinal fluid phenylacetic acid concentration: preliminary support
      for the phenylethylamine hypothesis of schizophrenia?

PMID- 699535
TI  - A sensitive gas chromatographic method for the determination of methylphenidate
      (Ritalin) and its major metabolite alpha-phenyl-2-piperidine acetic acid
      (ritalinic acid) in human plasma using nitrogen-phosphorous detector.

PMID- 699536
TI  - Correlation between plasma concentrations of chlorpromazine and clinical
      response.

PMID- 699537
TI  - Studies on maxindol as an amine uptake inhibitor.

PMID- 699538
TI  - Dose of desipramine and in vivo accumulation of 1-(3)H-noradrenaline in the rat
      heart and vas deferens.

PMID- 699539
TI  - Neuroendocrine correlates of clinical response during withdrawal from
      chlordiazepoxide.

PMID- 699540
TI  - MHPG excretion during the menstrual cycle of women.

PMID- 699541
TI  - Clinical interest of coronal and sagittal CT sections.
AB  - Normal and pathological anatomy of the brain can be studied in different cross
      sectional planes. Of specific interest here are sagittal and coronal views
      obtained by computer reconstruction procedures. The three different planes for
      the reconstruction of the images are complementary, of real clinical interest,
      and are particularly useful for an accurate localization of lesions, either for
      surgical intervention or for radiotherapy planning purposes.

PMID- 699542
TI  - Clinical application of a CT based treatment planning system.
AB  - An AECL (TP-11) treatment planning system has been modified to allow multiple CT
      scans to be used directly for dosage calculation and display. This CT/TP-11
      system has incorporated the "equivalent tissue-air ratio method" to make
      corrections for the effects of tissue heterogeneity and the three-dimensional
      nature of patient shape. In test situations, using an anatomical phantom, an
      accuracy of ca. 2% has been attained. An investigation has also been made to
      assess the importance of the reproducibility of patient position and its effect
      on the validity of such dosage calcualtions. When representing an advance in
      sophistication of existing facilities, this system has also been designed with
      practically in mind.

PMID- 699543
TI  - Early diagnosis of tuberculous thoracic aortic aneurysm by computerized axial
      tomography.
AB  - A thoracic aortic aneurysm secondary to miliary tuberculosis was successfully
      diagnosed early in its course in an asymptomatic patient by computerized axial
      tomography with contrast enhancement. This non-invasive technique, performed on
      an outpatient basis, led to the rapid and successful treatment of the patient.

PMID- 699544
TI  - The use of computerized tomography in the diagnosis of pulmonary nodules.
AB  - Pulmonary nodules, in particular the solitary pulmonary nodule or coin lesion,
      have presented diagnostic difficulties to the specialist in chest diseases. The
      controversy over managing such lesions ultimately involves the question of
      whether a given nodule is benign or malignant, and the reports of diagnostic
      experiences vary considerably. The criteria for diagnosing and managing pulmonary
      nodules prior to the advent of computerized tomography (CT) were based on
      anatomic descriptions from conventional and specialized X-ray techniques and on
      pathological consideration of tissues obtained by invasive techniques. The
      mathematical manipulation of the absorption coefficients of nodular lesions in
      the lungs, obtained in a non-invasive manner using CT, can provide additional
      criteria for diagnosing such lesions. In our study 20 nodules (6 malignant, 14
      benign) were retrospectively studied with CT, and from the results it appears
      that there are distinctive patterns for malignant and benign lesions. We have
      explained our procedure in this paper and presented an illustrative case study.

PMID- 699545
TI  - Variations in the measurement of regional cerebral blood volume by CAT.
AB  - The cerebral blood volume (CBV) has been measured by transverse axial tomography.
      The attenuation coefficient of 100 "pixels" located in a well determined region
      was measured before and after injection of a contrast material (Telebrix 38). The
      attenuation coefficient of blood samples was measured by CT in a phantom. Blood
      samples were drawn before and after injection at the same time as the tomographic
      section (time: half rotation of the scanner). The volume was calculated by the
      (formula: see text). The values obtained with very early measurements (1--5 min
      after injection), were very close to those measured by other methods (3--5 ml/100
      ml). For 5 patients, the CBV was measured by the same method at different times:
      20 measures between 2 and 50 min after the injection. The CBV seemed to vary in
      function with time according to the equation: CBV in ML%: ate-bt + Vo (t = time
      in minutes: a = integration constant, a = 1.94; b = time constant, b = 0.089; Vo
      = real CBV). The apparent variation of CBV was the result of two factors related
      to the blood-brain barrier, (1) water movement from the extravascular space
      towards the intravascular space, related to the hyperosmolarity of the contrast
      medium. The variations of osmolarity and haematocrit values measured after
      contrast injection did confirm this hypothesis; and (2) iodine movement from the
      intravascular space towards the extravascular space, due to the toxicity of the
      material (hyperosmolarity, Na ions, etc). The measurement of CBV by CT is only
      possible if the contrast materials do not modify the blood-brain barrier. The use
      of actual materials allows the study of the blood-brain barrier behaviour and
      enables to make an estimate of the cerebral extra-cellular space. But CT is not a
      right method of CBV measurement with the contrast medium in use nowadays.

PMID- 699546
TI  - Clinical symptomatology and computerized tomography in brain metastasis.
AB  - In 50 patients with a diagnosis of brain metastasis, a study was made commencing
      with the appearance of the first neurological symptom. Severe headaches were
      observed in 48% of the patients, followed by a change in character in 11% and
      motor disorders in 11%. The search for initial neurological signs will help
      dictate the precise moment of using the scanner to confirm the diagnosis, thus
      hopefully allowing for a quicker treatment and improving the survival rates of
      these patients.

PMID- 699547
TI  - The role of computed tomography in the evaluation of upper cervical spine
      pathology.
AB  - A series of nine patients with symptoms referable to the upper cervical spine
      were recently studied by both conventional radiographic techniques and computed
      axial tomography (CT), in an attempt to ascertain the effectiveness of CT in
      evaluating upper cervical spine pathology. We found CT a useful tool in
      diagnosing a variety of pathological conditions in this region, particularly when
      they involve subtle neural arch fractures, rotational deformities, or compromise
      of the neural canal.

PMID- 699548
TI  - Ultrasonography and CT scanning: a comparative study of abdominal aortic
      aneurysms.
AB  - CT scanning has been successfully used in the evaluation of the abdominal aorta
      in over 70 patients. Half of this group, with abdominal aneurysms, was also
      studied by ultrasonography and the results compared. Both techniques proved
      equally reliable in the diagnosis of this entity. Closer correlation to the
      aneurysmal diameter measured at surgery was obtained by CT scanning;
      underestimation of size by ultrasonography was a frequent finding. Aortic lumen
      and intra-aneurysmal thrombus were also more clearly demonstrated by CT when
      contrast enhancement was added. Evaluation of aneurysmal length is done more
      effectively by ultrasonography although sagittal reconstruction by CT has been
      now attempted.

PMID- 699549
TI  - Tuberculous peritonitis--a review of the literature.

PMID- 699550
TI  - Occult splenic rupture: presentation as a gastric pseudotumor.

PMID- 699551
TI  - Attitudes towards oral-genital sexuality.

PMID- 699552
TI  - Radiographic and radionuclide appearance of Wharthin's tumors.

PMID- 699553
TI  - Computerized tomography in the evaluation of the empty sella. Computerized
      tomographic case of the month.

PMID- 699554
TI  - Prazosin: a new antihypertensive agent.

PMID- 699555
TI  - The right to die.

PMID- 699556
TI  - Minors and medical contraceptive services in Connecticut.

PMID- 699557
TI  - Aging: a challenge to medicine.

PMID- 699558
TI  - Leisure, an antidote for phrenitis.

PMID- 699559
TI  - Adjuvant chemotherapy in breast concer revisited.

PMID- 699560
TI  - Screening for lung cancer.

PMID- 699562
TI  - Sexual therapy of diabetic impotence.

PMID- 699561
TI  - The diagnosis and management of pituitary tumors.

PMID- 699563
TI  - A primer on holistic medical practice.

PMID- 699564
TI  - Microscopic changes in fractured rabbit tibias.

PMID- 699565
TI  - Noninvasive diagnosis of abdominal and pelvic abscess.

PMID- 699566
TI  - Computerized tomography in the diagnosis of sciatica. Computerized tomographic
      case of the month.

PMID- 699567
TI  - Karen Ann Quinlan, human rights and wrongful killing.

PMID- 699568
TI  - Connecticut State Medical Society professional liability insurance program.

PMID- 699569
TI  - A mind that lost itself: a prospective study of mental decompensation from birth
      to breakdown. (second of two parts).

PMID- 699571
TI  - Medical law and the physician.

PMID- 699570
TI  - Changes in tort law and procedure.

PMID- 699572
TI  - Conventional methods for renal clearance measurement used in man.

PMID- 699573
TI  - Radiation dose and labeling of hippuran.
AB  - Renal morphology and renal function were studied with iodine-123-hippurate in 98
      patients with various renal diseases. Sequential scintigraphy with iodine-123
      hippurate demonstrates much better renal blood flow, morphology and function than
      iodine-131-hippurate. A method of labeling hippurate in a short time (2 h) with
      high efficiency (95--100%) is described. Radiation exposure to various organs was
      calculated and significant differences in radiation exposure to the thyroid are
      demonstrated.

PMID- 699574
TI  - Sensitivity and specificity of radioisotope renography in renovascular
      hypertension.
AB  - Effective drug therapy for hypertension modifies the urgency of establishing a
      diagnosis of renal arterial stenosis. The cost of establishing a diagnosis must
      be considered with other factors in determining the usefulness of renography in
      renovascular hypertension. Recently published studies estimate the cost
      effectiveness of this procedure based on some data from a cooperative study of
      renal vascular hypertension. The small but costly incidence of false positives
      contributes significantly to the total cost of patient screening. Careful
      attention to technical details that are presented here could reduce false
      positives without sacrificing the true positives. However, even with increased
      specificity economic considerations would indicate limiting a screening program
      to younger patients or those in whom a drug regimen is unsuccessful.

PMID- 699575
TI  - Gray scale echography of unilateral renal disease.
AB  - Gray scale ultrasound is a reliable noninvasive method of demonstrating renal
      pathology. It is simple nontraumatic, nonionizing and can be readily utilized in
      the differentiation of cystic and solid lesions.

PMID- 699576
TI  - Echotomography in unilateral renal disease.
AB  - A review of about 300 patients with unilateral renal disease shows that
      echography is valuable for a correct diagnosis in numerous cases. The authors
      emphasize the role of A-B mode ultrasonographic scanning in the exploration of
      IVP nonvisualized kidneys, renal trauma, and other disorders.

PMID- 699577
TI  - Determination of total and regional renal blood flow by videodensitometry.

PMID- 699578
TI  - Determination of renal circulation by means of angiocinedensitometry.
AB  - This new X-ray method is based on the densitometric measurement of the speeds and
      the flow of injected contrast media during an angiographic examination of the
      vessels and the parenchyma of the kidney. Pairs of highly sensitive
      photoconductive cells and a Wheatstone bridge circuit are used. Minimal doses of
      contrast media can be detected before vascular reaction influences the renal
      circulation. The measurement of various parameters allows the simultaneous
      hemodynamic analysis of kidney function and of factors related to the
      morphological substrate.

PMID- 699579
TI  - Indications for rapid sequence urography after washout (reinjection) in the
      diagnosis of renovascular hypertension.
AB  - 38 hypertensive patients suspected of renovascular hypertension were examined
      with rapid sequence urography, washout, aortography or selective renal
      arteriography. When discordant results were found between rapid sequence
      urography and washout, we used a particularly helpful procedure which we define
      reinjection or rapid sequence urography after washout: washout is followed by the
      injection of a second 50-cm3 dose of contrast agent and five more roentgenograms
      at 1-min intervals. In our series, reinjection allowed correct diagnosis in 66%
      of the cases with discordant results and confirmed diagnosis in 83% of the cases
      of renovascular hypertension.

PMID- 699580
TI  - Renal extraction of p-aminohippurate: physiological and clinical observations.

PMID- 699581
TI  - Diuretic urography and renography in the diagnosis of hydronephrosis.

PMID- 699582
TI  - Observations on the use and limitations of renal vein renins in hypertensive
      patients.
AB  - From our consecutive series of renal vein renin studies in 170 patients with
      kidney disorders and hypertension, we present those cured by surgical correction
      of a unilateral renal artery stenosis during the period 1973--75. The renin
      secretion patterns of these patients range between no demonstrable abnormality,
      even with a stimulating procedure using dihydralazine 7.5 i.v., and massive renin
      secretion already during basal conditions. Thus, the renin secretion may not be
      increased even after stimulation in some patients with durable unilateral
      renovascular hypertension. This fact may be explained by the rise of the systemic
      blood pressure, eventually maintained by sodium and water retention and
      accompanied by adaptive changes in the contralateral kidney. The perfusion
      pressure is thereby kept normal in the affected kidney, eliminating a stimulus
      for renin secretion. It is likely that many cases of renovascular hypertension
      pass through an early stage where no involvement of the renin-angiotensin system
      may be discovered. Of course, these patients will also benefit from surgery. The
      conclusion is that renin studies for diagnostic purposes should be performed when
      patients are on treatment and kept normotensive for some time, and that an
      additional challenge of the perfusion pressure, i.e., by use of dihydralazine,
      intravenously should be performed.

PMID- 699583
TI  - Plasma renin activity in renal veins of renovascular patients.
AB  - PRA was simultaneously measured in both renal veins and in a peripheral vein of
      patients with essential (6) and renovascular (37) hypertension. In renovascular
      patients suppression or renin secretion from the contralateral kidney was always
      observed: otherwise in patients with essential hypertension both kidneys
      contribute to peripheral PRA. The suppression of renin secretion from the
      ischemic kidney either by nephrectomy or by revascularization, joins with
      normalization either of peripheral PRA or of blood pressure. This finding points
      to the role of the renin-angiotensin system in the genesis of human renovascular
      hypertension.

PMID- 699584
TI  - Correlation between evolution and treatment of hypertension in unilateral renal
      disease and values of renin activity in renal venous blood.
AB  - 93 patients with renal hypertension and renal vein PRA determination were studied
      during 1--5 years follow-up. They were separated in two groups of medical and
      surgical treatment. Medical treatment is able to normalize blood pressure even in
      cases with high asymmetric PRA. 9 of 16 patients could be cured or improved in
      the surgical group and 14 of 22 in the medical group. The best results were
      obtained if beta-blockers were included in the drug regimen: cured or improved
      were 7 of 33 patients in medical treatment without beta-blockers, 17 of 28 in
      surgical treatment, and 31 of 32 in medical treatment including beta-blockers
      with or without hydralazine and/or diuretics.

PMID- 699585
TI  - Renal secretion of inactive renin.
AB  - Human plasma contains a non-dialyzable factor which is not enzymatically active
      in its native form but shows renin-like activity after exposure to low pH
      (inactive renin). In 3 out of 13 patients with renovascular hypertension the
      renal to peripheral vein ratio for inactive renin on the affected side was above
      1.40, indicating renal release of this form of renin. In 4 cases a high renal to
      peripheral vein ratio for active renin was associated with a ratio for inactive
      renin below 0.80, indicating renal activation of circulating inactive renin. The
      results suggest a renal mechanism for modulating the degree of activation of
      renin. They have some practical implications for the pre-operative evaluation of
      patients with renovascular hypertension.

PMID- 699586
TI  - Peripheral handling of angiotensin II and blood pressure control in hypertensive
      patients with unilateral and bilateral renal disease.
AB  - PRA, AII CR, AII E and cardiac output have been measured in 9 normals and in 22
      hypertensives: 8 with URD, 12 with BRD and 2 with MHY. PRA, as well as AII E,
      shows the highest values in BRD and MHY patients. AII CR is directly correlated
      with blood pressure levels in URD and BRD patients (p less than 0.05 and p less
      than 0.001, respectively). A significant positive correlation is found between
      AII E and TPR (within each group of patients and among all subjects) and between
      PRA and TPR within the hypertensive patients. These data suggest that peripheral
      handling of AII is involved in the control of blood pressure in the patients
      studied.

PMID- 699587
TI  - Effects of saralasin on blood pressure, renin and renal blood flow in unilateral
      renovascular hypertension.
AB  - The effect of saralasin, a competitive inhibitor of angiotensin II, was assessed
      in hypertensive patients with unilateral renal artery stenosis after furosemide
      application. A significant fall of systemic arterial blood pressure, an increase
      of renal venous renin activity, significantly on the stenosed side in patients
      without arteriosclerosis of the contralateral kidney, and an almost equal
      decrement of renal blood flow in both kidneys were observed. Conceivably
      saralasin exerts different sodium-dependent effects on peripheral angiotensin II
      and specific intrarenal vascular receptors.

PMID- 699588
TI  - Effects of 1-sar-8-ala-angiotensin II on arterial pressure, renin and aldosterone
      in hypertension.
AB  - 1-Sar-8-ala-angiotensin II did not change intra-arterial pressure in 25 sodium
      replete hypertensive patients, whilst the pressure changes were closely related
      to the plasma renin level during sodium depletion (r = -0.87; n = 32). The study
      indicates that arterial pressure is not dependent on angiotensin II in sodium
      replete patients and in sodium deplete subjects with low PRC, while it is
      angiotensin dependent during sodium depletion in the others. Plasma renin is
      unaffected in sodium replete subjects, but increases during saralasin in sodium
      deplete conditions. Saralasin stimulates aldosterone secretion only in sodium
      replete patients.

PMID- 699589
TI  - Role of renal prostaglandins in circulatory homeostasis.
AB  - The evidence is reviewed that prostaglandins of renal origin through (i) their
      local actions on renal blood vessels, and (ii) complex interactions with the
      nervous adrenergic and the endocrine vasoactive renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and
      kallikrein-kinin systems, may participate in the regulation of excretory
      functions of the kidney and thereby contribute to circulatory homeostatic
      mechanisms.

PMID- 699590
TI  - Prostaglandins in renovascular and renal hypertension.
AB  - PG A1, B1, E2, F1,2alpha and PRA have been measured in 8 hypertensive patients
      with unilateral renal arterial stenosis, 7 hypertensive patients with unilateral
      renal atrophy and 20 control normotensive subjects. PRA and PGA1 were
      significantly increased in patients with renovascular hypertension but not in
      patients with atrophy. PGE2 and PGF1,2alpha were increased in both groups of
      patients, especially on the stenotic or atrophic side. The increase of PGA1 and
      PGE2, represents a secondary antihypertensive, diuretic and natriuretic
      mechanism, the increase of PGF1,2alpha a direct hypertensive mechanism.

PMID- 699591
TI  - Measurement of urinary NAG and the detection of renovascular hypertension.

PMID- 699592
TI  - Clinical experience with unilateral 131I-hippuran clearances.

PMID- 699593
TI  - Filtration fraction in unilateral hypertensive renal disease and a new
      noninvasive method for its measurement.

PMID- 699594
TI  - Determination of total, divided and regional tubular clearance and excretion by
      compartmental analysis of camera renograms.
AB  - A method to analyze the camera renogram is described in a mathematical manner. It
      is based on a 6-compartment model, which simulates the hippurate in vivo
      kinetics. Results are transfer rate constants from which the tubular clearance
      (by multiplying with the plasma volume) and additionally excretory parameters can
      be derived. The method is quick and simple and needs a gamma-camera and a small
      data processing system only, but no special equipment and no blood sampling.

PMID- 699595
TI  - Comparison of different methods of clearance determination.
AB  - Clearance determination by compartmental analysis of hippurate renograms was
      compared in 30 cases to the conventional PAH and to the partly shielded whole
      body counting technique. Good correlations between compartmental analysis and PAH
      method (r = 0.96) as well as the whole body technique (r = 0.94) were found.
      Correlation between PAH and whole body method was not always satisfactory (r =
      0.85). In an additional study influence of greater count rates become obvious:
      correlation coefficients increase from 0.89 (131I-hippurate, n = 97) to 0.95
      (123I-hippurate, n = 38). Determination of the divided clearance correlates well
      (r = 0.95). Using 123I-hippurate all the information available by radioisotopic
      kidney investigations can be obtained in a one-step procedure.

PMID- 699596
TI  - Unilateral estimation of glomerular filtration rate with 99mTc-DTPA.
AB  - There is one renal disease in which unilateral estimation of GFR is desirable for
      clinical purposes: chronic pyelonephritis. Considering the possibilities for
      complications to determine unilateral renal function by ureter catheter just in
      this group of patients, we tried to estimate unilateral GFR with 66mTc-DTPA after
      a single injection of 5 mCi i.v. on the basis of blood samples at 90, 110 and 130
      min after injection and evaluation of gamma-camera data from 25 to 35 min after
      administration of the dose. 31 patients were studied. In arenal patients
      clearance values were 7.5 ml/min (+/- 10.47 ml/min), unilaterally nephrectomized
      patients showed zero values for the removed kidney. Normal patients had a mean
      GFR of 107 +/- 17.7 ml/min with a partition between right and left kidney of 54.2
      +/- 10 to 52.75 +/- 8.5 ml/min. Patients without urinary tract obstruction and
      unilateral renal disease had values of 27.1 +/- 11 ml/min for the diseased kidney
      while the normal kidneys gave a mean value of 59.6 ml/min (+/- 13 ml/min). In the
      presence of urinary tract obstruction, data could not be correlated to the state
      of renal function. This shows that unilateral estimation of GFR using 99mTc-DTPA
      is basically possible, but that it is useless in obstructive kidney disease.

PMID- 699597
TI  - Unilateral kidney blood flow measurement using the 81Rb/81mKr ratio.
AB  - A new method has been developed for the continuous quantification of kidney blood
      flow, utilizing the unique physical and biological properties of the radioactive
      tracer couple: rubidium-81/krypton-81m. After intravenous injection, 81Rb
      concentrates primarily in the kidneys, where it continuously generates the
      radioactive inert gas 81mKr. This ultrashort-lived isotope is continuously washed
      out from the tissue at a rate proportional to the blood flow. The radiation
      emitted from within the kidney is externally detected and analyzed to yield the
      81Rb/81mKr ratio. 21 animal experiments have confirmed that this ratio is at any
      time an accurate measure of the kidney perfusion. The 81Rb/81mKr ratio method has
      proved to provide a non-invasive way to selectively quantify the blood flow in
      each kidney, to monitor perfusion changes and to image the distribution of blood
      flow in a functional scintigram.

PMID- 699598
TI  - Limits of sensitivity of radiopertechnetate flow studies in the detection of
      asymmetrical renal perfusion.
AB  - A canine model has been devised using electromagnetic flowmeter probes to study
      the sensitivity of radiopertechnetate renal angiography. Highly significant
      correlations were obtained when the measured flow rates were compared with
      normalized values of the peak activity and uptake slopes for each kidney.
      Analysis of the data suggests the unilateral renal disease associated with less
      then 20% difference in flow between the kidneys may not be diagnosed reliably
      from the pertechnetate perfusion test.

PMID- 699599
TI  - New developments in renal physiopathology acquired using a quantitative renal
      functional test: the 197Hg uptake test.
AB  - The renal function of 331 obstructive uropathies, of which 112 were unilateral,
      were studied using the radioactive Hg renal uptake technique. The results
      obtained lead to the following observations: (1) Kidneys silent because of a
      chronic pelviureteric obstruction maintain a minimum function representing
      approximately one quarter of the normal value, which does not seem to be improved
      following the removal of the obstruction. (2) Operative relief of obstruction in
      unilateral obstructive uropathy, except for cases of silent kidneys, is followed
      by a significative improvement in the function of the kidney on the operated side
      in more than a third of the cases studied. (3) In 43% of obstructive uropathies
      considered as unilateral, the functional value of the two kidneys is decreased.

PMID- 699600
TI  - Sequential scintigraphy in diagnosis and postoperative studies of renovascular
      hypertension.

PMID- 699601
TI  - Comparison of sequential scintigraphy, rapid sequence pyelography and renography
      in the screening of renovascular hypertension.

PMID- 699602
TI  - Vasoactive renal hormones.

PMID- 699603
TI  - Effects of aldosterone and deoxycorticosterone on the urniary excretion of
      kallikrein and of prostaglandin E-like substance in the rat.
AB  - Deoxycorticosterone (5 mg) and aldosterone (0.25 mg), given to rats for 14 days,
      increased the urinary excretion of kallikrein and of prostaglandin E-like
      substance and produced polyuria, but affected neither sodium excretion nor blood
      pressure. These results suggest that interactions of mineralocorticoid hormones,
      kinins and of prostaglandins may be important in the maintenance of salt-water
      homeostasis.

PMID- 699604
TI  - What makes the renin-angiotensin system a pathogenic factor?
AB  - Three types of renal hypertension in the rat have been compared with respect to
      blood pressure increase, activity of the RAS, and secretion of aldosterone and
      corticosterone: type I - unilateral stenosis of the renal artery in the presence
      of an intact contralateral kidney; type II - unilateral stenosis of the renal
      artery after contralateral nephrectomy; type III - bilateral stenosis of the
      renal arteries. Blood pressure rose more rapidly and reached higher values in
      type II and type III hypertension than in type I hypertension. In the latter
      group, the activity of the RAS was more stimulated than in types II and III. The
      marked stimulation of the RAS in type I hypertension is ascribed to the negative
      fluid and sodium balance, which is the consequence of a pressure-induced diuresis
      of the unclamped contralateral kidney. Suppression of the activity of the RAS by
      a 4-week pretreatment with DOC-TMA and saline or by the administration of DOCA
      and saline as from the induction of renal artery stenosis did not prevent the
      development of hypertension caused by the clamping of one renal artery (type I).
      In spontaneously hypertensive rats of the stroke-prone substrain, high dietary
      salt intake caused higher blood pressure values and a higher incidence of
      cerebral lesions than normal dietary salt intake. Low salt intake was followed by
      a marked stimulation of the RAS, but blood pressure rose only slightly and no
      symptoms of cerebrovascular lesions were observed. It is concluded that neither
      in hypertension induced by renal artery stenosis nor in spontaneously
      hypertensive rats, the RAS contributes significantly to the increase in blood
      pressure nor does it play a major part in the pathogenesis of vascular lesions.
      These seem to be related to the retention of sodium, which may be obtained by
      renal artery stenosis, by excessive salt intake, or by the administration of a
      mineralocorticoid and salt.

PMID- 699605
TI  - Prostaglandins and renal function.
AB  - Prostaglandins modulate the effects of vasoactive hormones by attenuating the
      renal actions of the renin-angiotensin system and contributing to and, perhaps,
      mediating some of those of the kallikrein-kinin system. A prostaglandin mechanism
      participates in the regulation of renin and erythropoietin release. When renal
      function is compromised, the circulation to the kidney is sustained by a major
      prostaglandin component withdrawal of which results in significant hemodynamic
      effects, particularly reduction of blood flow to the inner cortex and medulla.

PMID- 699606
TI  - Antihypertensive effect of volume depletion: interrelation with renal
      prostaglandins.
AB  - Since the original studies of Patak et al. in 1975 revealed that the
      antihypertensive and natriuretic effects of furosemide were markedly blunted or
      abrogated by indomethacin in both normotensive and hypertensive man, it has been
      postulated that the ameliorative effects of furosemide in human essential
      hypertension might be mediated by release of intrarenal prostaglandins. To study
      the direct effects of furosemide on prostaglandin biosynthesis and release,
      slices of rabbit renal medulla were incubated in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer,
      glucose 10 mM, 1-14C-arachidonic acid (AA) 10 microM, HSA /g/100 ml, 30 min 37
      degrees C. Measurements were made of radioactive AA leads to PGE2, and total
      endogenous immunoreactive PGE2 production (iPGE2) with and without the addition
      of furosemide (10 microgram/ml) to the media. In the absence of furosemide AA
      leads to PGE2 was 73 +/- 22 nmol/30 min/g and in the presence of furosemide it
      fell to 30 +/- 4 nmol/30min/g. iPGE2 was 33 +/- / ng/30 min/mg and decreased to
      25 +/- 3 mg with furosemide. These results indicate that the natriuresis and
      antihypertensive effect of furosemide in vivo, which is associated with a
      significant increase in urinary PGE2, is not the result of a direct stimulation
      of furosemide on prostaglandin synthesis but may result from a decrease in PGE
      metabolism, conversion to another biologically active prostaglandin or possibly
      be a reflection of events secondary to a direct effect of furosemide on renal
      hemodynamics and electrolyte excretion.

PMID- 699607
TI  - Renal prostaglandins in the control of renin.
AB  - The biochemical processes which transform baroreceptor, beta-adrenergic and
      macula densa signals into an increase or a decrease of renin secretion are
      unknown. Evidence is presented that the renal PG system is intimately involved in
      the mechanisms regulating the release of renin. In vivo stimulation of renal PG
      synthesis by arachidonic acid (C20:4) or furosemide increases renin release. PG
      synthesis inhibitors decrease basal renin release and reduce the renin release
      following stimulation with C20:4, furosemide and renal ischemia. In vitro, C20:4
      and the PG-endoperoxides stimulate renin release from the rabbit kidney cortex
      whereas PGF2alpha inhibits it. This suggests an intrinsic role in the renin
      release mechanism of PGs, synthesized at or near the juxtaglomerular apparatus.
      The operation of this PG effect on renin release may depend upon a salt intake
      related control of PG synthesis and of conversion of PGE2 to PGF2alpha. Increased
      or decreased renal PG synthesis may also be the primary event leading to elevated
      or reduced renin levels in some clinical disorders. In Bartter's syndrome, the
      elevated renin levels may result from an increase in PG synthesis or a decrease
      of PGF2alpha formation. In benign, uncomplicated essential hypertension,
      decreased renal PG synthesis or increased PGS2alpha formation may be the primary
      mechanism which reduces renin release and renal blood flow.

PMID- 699608
TI  - Assessment of cellular damage during cooling to -196 degrees C using
      radiochemical markers.

PMID- 699609
TI  - The mechanism of action of low temperature and cryoprotective agents on
      immunoproteins.

PMID- 699610
TI  - The effect of membrane lipid perturbers on survival of mammalian cells to cold.

PMID- 699611
TI  - Experimental cryogenic injury of the palate: observations pertinent to
      cryosurgical destruction of tumors.

PMID- 699612
TI  - Ultrastructure after cryosurgery of rat liver.

PMID- 699613
TI  - Thermoregulatory responses to temperature manipulation of the spinal cord in the
      marmot.

PMID- 699614
TI  - The relationship between body composition and survival time during acute cold
      exposure in white mice (Mus musculus).

PMID- 699615
TI  - Effect of dimethylsulphoxide on the functional characteristics of isolated
      perfused rat liver.

PMID- 699616
TI  - Relative stability of biological properties in encapsulated strains of
      Staphylococcus aureus after freezing and freeze-drying.

PMID- 699617
TI  - Effects of freeze-preservation on some pollen enzymes. II. Freezing and freeze
      drying stresses.

PMID- 699618
TI  - Survival of shoot meristems of tomato seedlings frozen in liquid nitrogen.

PMID- 699619
TI  - Effect of serum on cryopreservation of granulocytes.

PMID- 699620
TI  - The Old Hag phenomenon as sleep paralysis: a biocultural interpretation.
AB  - This paper describes a syndrome of psychological and physical symptoms involving
      body paralysis and hallucinations traditionally interpreted in Newfoundland as an
      attack of 'Old Hag'. Folk theories of cause and treatment are outlined based on
      13 months of field research in a community on the northeast coast of
      Newfoundland. Data derived from the responses of 69 adults to the Cornell Medical
      Index (CMI) indicate that there are no significant differences in psychological
      or physical illness complaints between adults who have experienced the Old Hag
      and adults who have not had this experience. The striking similarity between the
      Old Hag experience and a clinical condition called sleep paralysis is analyzed,
      and the implications of viewing the Old Hag as sleep paralysis are discussed
      within the context of current theoretical issues in transcultural psychiatry.

PMID- 699621
TI  - Ethnicity and patterns of help-seeking.
AB  - This study reconstructs and analyzes pathways of help-seeking traveled by
      severely disabled mental patients in the community. Ethnicity is a prime factor
      in differentiating patterns of help-seeking in that Chinese patients are kept for
      prolonged periods of time within their families in the beginning of pathways,
      while Anglo-Saxons and Middle Europeans are referred by their families or
      themselves to multiple social and mental health agencies. Native Indians are
      referred by persons other than family members or themselves between social and
      legal agencies in the community. Eventually all of these pathways lead to
      psychiatric inpatient intervention. There are major impediments to treatment in
      these patterns, most notably isolation and deterioration of patients within
      confines of families or lack of coordination of agencies in the community.
      Recommendations aimed at the improvement of treatment in the community are
      presented in light of these findings.

PMID- 699622
TI  - The Shetland Islands: the effects of social and ecological change on mental
      health.
AB  - The authors review the literature concerning the mental health and social effects
      of industrialization, urbanization and the transition from a rural to an
      industrial society. They point out the need for prospective and longitudinal
      studies. To illustrate a working model of the type of research needed, the
      authors describe a long-term study now underway in the Shetland Islands. This
      research investigates the effects that rapid social and ecological change (from
      the North Sea oil developments) will have on the islanders. To test the
      hypothesis that the changes, associated with the construction of Europe's largest
      oil port in these previously isolated rural islands, will have a deleterious
      effect on the Shetlanders' health and way of life, a prospective study has been
      initiated that contains two sub-studies. The General Survey involves monitoring
      reported data on ecological, epidemiological and sociological change and is
      intended to provide an overview of the general impact of the oil developments.
      The Individual Survey involves interviewing two populations (total N = 533) and
      is designed to examine individuals' reactions to change and variables associated
      with those reactions. The target population live in a conservation region where
      they are not likely to be directly affected by the oil developments. Baseline
      findings are presented from the General Survey concerning psychiatric morbidity,
      crime, divorce and suicide and from the Individual Survey that focus on the
      prevalence of medical and psychiatric symptoms and illnesses.

PMID- 699624
TI  - Pain and analgesics.
AB  - The problem of pain and its treatment is reviewed, particularly in relation to
      advanced cancer and other chronic conditions in which persistent pain demands
      relief. The nature of pain, its assessment and treatment options are discussed
      briefly, as is the use of different types of analgesics to raise the patient's
      pain threshold. The importance of regular reassessment of the patient and his
      needs, and the settling of realistic analgesic treatment objectives, such as an
      initial target of a pain-free full night's sleep, is stressed.

PMID- 699623
TI  - Sorcerers, saints and charlatans: black folk healers in urban America.
AB  - Case histories of black Americans who believe their illness has been caused by
      sorcery have been reported with increasing frequency in the clinical literature.
      Such individuals often believe that their problems are not amenable to orthodox
      medical regimens and they may leave treatment to seek out a folk healer. Healers
      believed to be able to cure sorcery are viewed ambivalently as they are though
      able to magically cause illness as well as cure it. There is little information
      available on such individuals or their modes of treatment, making it difficult to
      assess their abilities. This article reviews what is known about such
      individuals, including an attempt to learn more about those who have advertised
      in a large city newspaper. It is concluded that some of these individuals provide
      a useful service to their clients but that many others use their reputations as
      manipulators of occult powers to extract money from the poor and gullible.

PMID- 699625
TI  - Nephrotoxicity studies on aspirin and diflunisal.
AB  - Some of the difficulties encountered in investigations of long-term drug
      nephrotoxicity are reviewed, and the evidence for acute and chronic renal damage
      induced by aspirin is discussed. Two studies were carried out to investigate the
      acute effects of diflunisal on the kidney, and to compare its effects with those
      of aspirin. Measurements were made before, during and after drug intake, of
      epithelial cells and lysosomal enzyme (beta-d-n-acetyl glucosaminidase) excretion
      in urine. Diflunisal caused no change in cell excretion and no increase in enzyme
      secretion in 6 normal volunteers. In a comparative study against aspirin, two
      groups of 12 patients being treated for osteoarthrosis were observed over an 8
      week period. Enzyme excretion increased in both groups and appeared to be dose
      related. The increase, however, was relatively greater in the aspirin group. The
      possible significance of these findings is discussed.

PMID- 699626
TI  - Diflunisal versus aspirin: a comparative study of their effect of faecal blood
      loss, in the presence and absence of alcohol.
AB  - Faecal blood loss was measured in normal male volunteers using 51Cr-labelled red
      cells. In a double-blind parallel study in 10 subjects, the effect of 250 mg
      diflunisal twice daily was compared with 750 mg aspirin 4-times daily. Drugs were
      taken during two 7-day periods separated by a 1-week control period. Mean daily
      faecal blood loss during the two treatment periods was 0.32 ml and 0.53 ml in the
      diflunisal group versus 6.87 ml and 3.20 ml in the aspirin group. Diflunisal did
      not significantly increase blood loss, while aspirin had a significant effect. In
      a double-blind crossover study in 12 subjects, the effect of 250 mg diflunisal
      twice daily was compared with 600 mg aspirin 4-times daily. Alcohol (120 ml, 40%)
      was added during the last 2 days of each 6-day treatment period. Faecal blood
      loss was not significantly affected by diflunisal and there was also no
      significant effect on blood loss when alcohol was co-administered. Aspirin
      significantly increased faecal blood loss and this effect was significantly
      enhanced by the addition of alcohol.

PMID- 699627
TI  - A controlled study of diflunisal in sprains and strains.
AB  - A preliminary double-blind, randomized trial was carried out in general practice
      to compare the efficacy of treatment with diflunisal (500 mg) twice daily and a
      combination of dextropropoxyphene (65 mg) plus paracetemol (650 mg) 3-times daily
      for 3 days in relieving pain associated with strains and sprains. Analysis of the
      results from 51 patients showed that both treatments were equally effective in
      releiving spontaneous pain and pain on movement after 1 and 3 days, and there
      were no differences between the two groups in patients' overall evaluation of
      treatment or physicians' assessment of therapeutic response. Both treatments were
      well tolerated during the short-term period of the trial.

PMID- 699628
TI  - Burn injury.

PMID- 699629
TI  - Gamma globulin therapy.

PMID- 699630
TI  - Burn injuries. Initial evaluation and treatment.
AB  - Treatment of burned patients begins at the scene of the accident, continues in
      the emergency department, and terminates in the burn center. The "burn team" of
      specialists includes the paramedic at the scene of the accident, the physician
      and nurses in the emergency room, and the burn center staff. Since the early
      stages of treatment often predetermine the final outcome, every physician or
      nurse who may someday be involved with the initial assessment and management of a
      severely burned patient should review a plan of evaluation and treatment. Thus,
      patient salvage from devastating burn injuries will continue to improve.

PMID- 699631
TI  - Pulmonary complications in the burn patient.
AB  - Pulmonary complications--carbon monoxide poisoning, upper airways obstruction,
      and acute pulmonary insufficiency--occur frequently in patients hospitalized
      because of burns and/or smoke inhalation. The morbidity and mortality of these
      complications are quite high; therefore, early diagnosis and early institution of
      therapy are mandatory.

PMID- 699632
TI  - Metabolic response to thermal injury and its nutritional support.

PMID- 699633
TI  - Guideline for the development of nursing goals for the patient with a major burn.

PMID- 699634
TI  - Relation of magnesium to calcium in human blood serum: fact or artefact?

PMID- 699635
TI  - Sprue: a follow-up study of an old series.

PMID- 699636
TI  - Masked &hypertension in myocardial infarction.

PMID- 699637
TI  - Lecithin-spingomyelin ratio in amniotic fluid for determination of the optimal
      time of termination of pregnancy.

PMID- 699638
TI  - Lecithin-spingomyelin ratio in eight cases of premature rupture of the membranes.

PMID- 699639
TI  - Paraquat and marihuana. Assessing the hazard.

PMID- 699640
TI  - Paraquat goes to pot.

PMID- 699642
TI  - Tachycardia induced by atrial pacing.

PMID- 699641
TI  - Lessons from high altitude pulmonary edema.

PMID- 699643
TI  - Cardiorespiratory effects of flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy in critically ill
      patients.
AB  - The flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope is used increasingly often as a multipurpose
      instrument in critical care medicine. In poor risk patients who need continuous
      mechanical ventilation, rigid open tube bronchoscopy is a problem. With the
      flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope, however, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures
      can be carried out without interruption of ongoing mechanical ventilation. This
      procedure offers the possibility of bronchoscopy with reduced risk in debilitated
      patients. However, in these critically ill patients, the cardiopulmonary system
      is functioning at the borderline of its ability. Therefore, even the small
      changes in ventilation pattern caused by flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FFB)
      may in some cases cause dangerous cardiopulmonary distress. For example, changes
      of intrabronchial pressure, tidal volume, PaO2, PaCO2 and cardiac output may be
      caused by the procedure. Further, it is of great importance to restrict suction
      through the instrument to short periods to avoid dangerous alterations in the
      ventilation perfusion relationship. Since serious complications may occur, it is
      mandatory that the bronchoscopist be aware of the potential pathophysiologic
      effects of FFB during mechanical ventilation of critically ill patients.

PMID- 699644
TI  - Diagnostic value of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in metastatic pulmonary tumors.
AB  - The fiberoptic bronchoscopic procedure (with brushings, washings, and biopsies)
      was performed and specimens of sputum were obtained before the procedure in 37
      patients with cancer metastatic to the lung. Of the 37 patients studied,
      endobronchial lesions were visualized at bronchoscopic examination in 14 (group
      1), and no endobronchial lesion was seen in 23 (group 2). The yield of bronchial
      brushing and washings was not significantly different in group 1 and 2, whereas
      examination of sputum obtained before the bronchoscopic procedure and bronchial
      biopsy in group 1 yielded higher results than the same procedures in group 2. The
      radiographic findings did not influence the yield with any of the bronchoscopic
      procedures. The overall positive diagnostic yield from fiberoptic bronchoscopic
      procedures among these patients was 54 percent (20/37), regardless of their
      bronchoscopic or radiologic findings.

PMID- 699645
TI  - High altitude pulmonary edema. Epidemiologic observations in Peru.
AB  - The incidence of high altitude pulmonary edema was examined by a survey (via
      questionnaire) of residents living at 3,750 meters (12,303 feet) in the mining
      community of La Oroya, Peru. Ninety-seven subjects made a total of 1,157 ascents
      to high altitude after a stay at sea level of longer than 14 days. Sixty-four
      subjects experienced at least one episode of high-altitude pulmonary edema. The
      incidence was higher in subjects aged 13 to 20 years, where 17 percent (15) of 90
      ascents resulted in episodes of high-altitude pulmonary edema, than in subjects
      21 years or older (3 percent; 18/686 ascents). Young subjects (2 to 12 years old)
      had more severe episodes of high-altitude pulmonary edema (81 percent; 30/37
      episodes) than adults (22 percent; 4/18 episodes). No episodes were observed in
      children under two years old. Five subjects under 21 years of age experienced
      recurrent episodes. Our estimated incidence of severe episodes of high altitude
      pulmonary edema per ascent in adults (0.6 percent; 4/686) is similar to that
      reported by other workers (incidence of 0.15 to 0.57 percent) in various parts of
      the world.